FIX token is issued by Finamatrix, the market leader in Risk-Cybernetics A.I. Technologies. The use case of FIX is that the ownership of the token provides access to the highly scalable integration of Blockchain with Risk-Cybernetics for unlimited value creation in financial markets and other AI applications.
Finamatrix is a machine learning group since 2006 dedicated to real value. Finamatrix (FIX) token is a digital asset issued by Finamatrix Group from Singapore by Singaporean founder Dr Lanz Chan. Since the funds raised from the ICO will be allocated to R&D, a quality crypto/new tech portfolio, a regulated quant fund, and the token-pricing mechanism (coin or cash), the value of Finamatrix token is based on 3 factors and will be published quarterly audited reports: 1) The quarterly performance of owning quality cryptos and liquid new tech investments.
Finamatrix uses proprietary Risk-Cybernetics in machine-learning algos / protocol in smart contracts applied to crypto-selection in a risk-hedge portfolio setting with MVSK utility optimization that better captures the inherent risk of cryptos which are non-normal and usually skewed or fat-tailed. 2) The quarterly returns of the regulated Finamatrix Quant Fund. Finamatrix manages multi-managed accounts since 2006 and is managing approximately 30m USD since last year. This year the firm has setup with partners a 20m USD regulated Cayman fund and they expect more growth from Asia. 3) Finamatrix will actively manage a 3-B (buyback/burn/bonus) token-pricing and liquidity mechanism i.e. buyback and/or burn tokens when there is excess supply; issue bonus tokens when there is lack of supply.
Finamatrix are obligated to buyback tokens in the event that there is insufficient liquidity but subject to quarterly cash-flows and overall audited performance. The firm will use not more than 50% of net profits to buyback tokens. These functions will be manually performed to determine the equilibrium price and manage expectations (with regular updates) within a reasonable time frame to promote balance, stability and predictability, while Finamatrix will focus on boosting the demand function of the token by providing real and measurable value. Token owners may be awarded bonus tokens according to quarterly audited performance. A maximum of 50% of net profits will be distributed.
FIX Token invests in FIX Index which comprises a highly diversified portfolio with low value-at-risk for predictable returns. FIX offers bonus FIX tokens from a limited supply based on audited quarterly performance. FIX raises capital from institutions / investors for both regulated FIX Fund and public FIX Token. Finamatrix also receives income from technology service contracts.
FIX Token has a buyback/burn mechanism that offers price-protection at a base price of $0.10 US dollars. We offer a 100% refund policy for FIX owners subject to quarterly audits and verification.


Donald S. Heintzelman is a professional ornithologist with a special interest in raptors, and is the author of 21 published books. He has more than 50 years field experience studying raptors, Tundra Swans, and other wildlife throughout the world. He lives in the rural countryside in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Depending upon one's perspective, squirrels are fascinating or controversial animals. Let's look at them more closely.
There are, according to The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals,1 273 species classified within the Family Sciuridae—the squirrel family—and 66 species of them live in parts of North America. These include chipmunks, marmots, woodchucks, antelope squirrels, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, fox squirrels and the more familiar squirrels.
Two common species are the Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and the Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).
These forests are comprised of trees with leaves that fall off or are shed seasonally to avoid adverse weather conditions such as cold or drought. Most deciduous plants lose their leaves in autumn. Examples are maple, ash, and cherry trees.
The Eastern Gray Squirrel is common in most of the eastern United States and parts of the eastern half of extreme southern Canada. Members of this species live in hardwood and deciduous-coniferous forests, especially with large, old trees. They can also be spotted in rural and suburban areas, city parks, tree-lined streets and backyards. Black (melanistic) and rarer white (albino) color morphs have been spotted—the former in Washington, DC, and the latter in Olney, Illinois.
Tree cavities and large leaf nests provide housing for squirrels. They have a varied diet that can include acorns, nuts, leaf buds, flowers, fungi and mushrooms, as well as tree bark, insects, bird eggs, and sunflower seeds.
Ask an ecologist about Gray Squirrels and the likely reply will be that they are among nature's most important natural foresters—mammals responsible for inadvertently planting innumerable trees and shrubs in woodlands and forests when they hide acorns, nuts, conifer seeds and other seeds for consumption later.
But Gray Squirrels also are popular targets for hunters during autumn and many thousands are shot every year. Hunters have not learned to live in harmony with some wildlife. Indeed, in Michigan in February, a man wearing camouflage clothing was shot by another hunter who mistook the man's exposed elbow for a squirrel.
Coniferous forests are made up of trees belonging to the order Coniferae. They have resinous sap, and bear cones, rather than fruits, as their method of dispersing seeds. Leaves are usually needles, scales, or narrow and linear in shape. The names of these cone-bearing trees include pine, fir, spruce, hemlock and cedar. Most conifers are evergreens, and do not lose all their needle-like leaves at once like deciduous hardwood trees do. But some conifers are deciduous, such as the larch tree or the bald cypress.
Many backyard birdwatchers also dislike Gray Squirrels because they commonly raid birdfeeders to eat the delicious (but expensive) sunflower seeds meant to attract native birds. In fact, Gray Squirrels are known to be among the most creative of all backyard wildlife in inventing ways to reach birdfeeders and their sunflower seed treasures.
Many people, however, enjoy having Gray Squirrels feeding on sunflower seeds. For example, Priscilla Feral, president of Friends of Animals, enthusiastically tells folks about three orphaned Gray Squirrels she received from a rehabilitator. Released on her suburban Connecticut property, they occupied an owl nest box in a maple tree, and enjoyed daily meals of sunflower seeds and fruit (and occasionally some peanuts)—plus a bowl of fresh water—on the ground below the maple tree. Gray Squirrels are fascinating, treasured, and welcome guests on Priscilla's property. Those living there now are likely the offspring of the first group, as the life span of most Gray Squirrels is a year or less.
Red Squirrels are native to the southern two-thirds of Canada and Alaska, and sizeable northern portions of the contiguous United States. Their barks and chatters are heard often coniferous forests, and sometimes in deciduous-coniferous forests. They inhabit tree cavities, round nests constructed of twigs, leaves, grass, and lichens, or even underground burrows.
Conifer cone seeds are basic Red Squirrel food. As a squirrel strips seeds from cones, the discarded parts fall to the ground forming piles (middens). Squirrels then store more pine cones with seeds in the middens; some are used for decades by generations of squirrels. Additional food includes mushrooms and bird eggs. Squirrels eat some fresh mushrooms which would be poisonous to people; excess mushrooms are cached on tree branches for later use.
Red Squirrels might eat about two thirds of a forest's pine cone crop, causing a loss of tree regeneration; but their feeding activities spread fungi spores needed by some conifers. Thus, a symbiotic relationship exists between Red Squirrels and coniferous trees.
Squirrels are fascinating and important members of the North American habitats, wildlife communities and ecosystems in which they live.
1. Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff, eds., Smithsonian Institution Press (1999).


Share the post "The Effect Last-Click Records Have on Your Sales"
Read about the importance of monitoring clicks and customer engagement rates with these informative statistics. Your quickly-growing business should engage with a leading marketing analytics consultant and increase your big data staffing in order to generate higher conversion rates.
According to a recent survey conducted by R.O.EYE, the results among well-known online retailers showed that: 91% want to implement a measurement system to comprehend the customer journey, 57% currently record sales on a last-click basis. However, research shows marketing budgets could generate far better results if spent across the customer lifetime.
On the other hand, even among those retailers who pay attention to which channels corroborate a sale, only a fifth attribute sales to the correct source.
About a fifth (21%) have positioned between 30% and 40% of their marketing budget away from last-click sales to alternate channels in the buying consideration cycle. A further 21% of retailers have redirected up to 10%. 7% stated moving more than 50% of their budget directly after analysis of data.


To make a chai latte, simply combine 1-2 teaspoons of the DIY chai latte mix with hot milk. This is nicest if you either (1) whisk it with the milk in a saucepan over the stove, or (2) dissolve the chai mix in a little hot water, and then top with steamed milk prepared in a milk frother (like you have for coffee). Both ways will help give you that creamy, frothy latte milk.... The key to the mix is to make it really, really smooth. After you've finished mixing the chai in the food processor, you'll be rewarded with a very beautiful fragrance�you can almost breathe in the caffeine and sugar! One of the nicest things about homemade chai mix is that you can store it for quite some time, and it will still taste amazing.
Now I get excited if I see anything Chai-spiced like this homemade Vanilla Chai Latte recipe. One beautiful way to enjoy all of these lovely spices is in a Chai latte. The creamy, rich milk mixed with the kick from the spices is simply dreamy.... To make a chai latte, simply combine 1-2 teaspoons of the DIY chai latte mix with hot milk. This is nicest if you either (1) whisk it with the milk in a saucepan over the stove, or (2) dissolve the chai mix in a little hot water, and then top with steamed milk prepared in a milk frother (like you have for coffee). Both ways will help give you that creamy, frothy latte milk.
To make a chai latte, simply combine 1-2 teaspoons of the DIY chai latte mix with hot milk. This is nicest if you either (1) whisk it with the milk in a saucepan over the stove, or (2) dissolve the chai mix in a little hot water, and then top with steamed milk prepared in a milk frother (like you have for coffee). Both ways will help give you that creamy, frothy latte milk.... To make a chai latte, simply combine 1-2 teaspoons of the DIY chai latte mix with hot milk. This is nicest if you either (1) whisk it with the milk in a saucepan over the stove, or (2) dissolve the chai mix in a little hot water, and then top with steamed milk prepared in a milk frother (like you have for coffee). Both ways will help give you that creamy, frothy latte milk.
The key to the mix is to make it really, really smooth. After you've finished mixing the chai in the food processor, you'll be rewarded with a very beautiful fragrance�you can almost breathe in the caffeine and sugar! One of the nicest things about homemade chai mix is that you can store it for quite some time, and it will still taste amazing.
Now I get excited if I see anything Chai-spiced like this homemade Vanilla Chai Latte recipe. One beautiful way to enjoy all of these lovely spices is in a Chai latte. The creamy, rich milk mixed with the kick from the spices is simply dreamy.


text:
import json
import os.path
from collections import OrderedDict
from unittest import TestCase

from cate.core.op import op_input, op_output, Operation
from cate.core.workflow import OpStep, Workflow, WorkflowStep, NodePort, ExpressionStep, NoOpStep, SubProcessStep, ValueCache, \
    SourceRef, new_workflow_op
from cate.util.undefined import UNDEFINED
from cate.util.misc import object_to_qualified_name
from cate.util.opmetainf import OpMetaInfo

@op_input('x')
@op_output('y')
def op1(x):
    return {'y': x + 1}

@op_input('a')
@op_output('b')
def op2(a):
    return {'b': 2 * a}

@op_input('u')
@op_input('v')
@op_output('w')
def op3(u, v, c=0):
    return {'w': 2 * u + 3 * v + c}

def get_resource(rel_path):
    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), rel_path).replace('\\', '/')

class WorkflowTest(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def create_example_3_steps_workflow(cls):
        step1 = OpStep(op1, node_id='op1')
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='op2')
        step3 = OpStep(op3, node_id='op3')
        workflow = Workflow(OpMetaInfo('myWorkflow', inputs=OrderedDict(p={}), outputs=OrderedDict(q={})))
        workflow.add_steps(step1, step2, step3)
        step1.inputs.x.source = workflow.inputs.p
        step2.inputs.a.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.u.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.v.source = step2.outputs.b
        workflow.outputs.q.source = step3.outputs.w
        return step1, step2, step3, workflow

    def test_sorted_steps(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        sorted_steps = workflow.sorted_steps
        self.assertEqual(sorted_steps, [step1, step2, step3])

    def test_sort_steps(self):
        step1, step2, step3, _ = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([]), [])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step1]), [step1])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step1, step2]), [step1, step2])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step1, step3]), [step1, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step2, step1]), [step1, step2])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step3, step1]), [step1, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step2, step3]), [step2, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step3, step2]), [step2, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step1, step2, step3]), [step1, step2, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step2, step1, step3]), [step1, step2, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step3, step2, step1]), [step1, step2, step3])
        self.assertEqual(Workflow.sort_steps([step1, step3, step2]), [step1, step2, step3])

    def test_find_steps_to_compute(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertEqual(workflow.find_steps_to_compute('op1'), [step1])
        self.assertEqual(workflow.find_steps_to_compute('op2'), [step1, step2])
        self.assertEqual(workflow.find_steps_to_compute('op3'), [step1, step2, step3])

    def test_requires(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertFalse(step1.requires(step2))
        self.assertFalse(step1.requires(step3))
        self.assertFalse(step2.requires(step3))
        self.assertTrue(step2.requires(step1))
        self.assertTrue(step3.requires(step2))
        self.assertTrue(step3.requires(step1))

    def test_max_distance_to(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertEqual(step1.max_distance_to(step2), -1)
        self.assertEqual(step1.max_distance_to(step3), -1)
        self.assertEqual(step2.max_distance_to(step3), -1)
        self.assertEqual(step2.max_distance_to(step1), 1)
        self.assertEqual(step3.max_distance_to(step2), 1)
        self.assertEqual(step3.max_distance_to(step1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(step3.max_distance_to(step3), 0)

    def test_add_step(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2, step3])
        old_step = workflow.add_step(step2, can_exist=True)
        self.assertIs(old_step, step2)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2, step3])
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            workflow.add_step(step2, can_exist=False)

    def test_remove_step(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()
        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2, step3])
        old_step = workflow.remove_step(step3, must_exist=False)
        self.assertIs(old_step, step3)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2])
        old_step = workflow.remove_step(step3, must_exist=False)
        self.assertIs(old_step, None)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2])
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            workflow.remove_step(step3, must_exist=True)

    def test_init(self):
        step1, step2, step3, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()

        self.assertEqual(workflow.id, 'myWorkflow')
        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.inputs), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.outputs), 1)
        self.assertIn('p', workflow.inputs)
        self.assertIn('q', workflow.outputs)

        self.assertEqual(workflow.steps, [step1, step2, step3])

        self.assertIsNone(workflow.inputs.p.source)
        self.assertIsNone(workflow.inputs.p.value)

        self.assertIs(workflow.outputs.q.source, step3.outputs.w)
        self.assertIsNone(workflow.outputs.q.value)

        self.assertEqual(str(workflow), workflow.id + ' = myWorkflow(p=None) -> (q=@op3.w) [Workflow]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(workflow), "Workflow('myWorkflow')")

    def test_invoke(self):
        _, _, _, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()

        workflow.inputs.p.value = 3
        workflow.invoke()
        output_value = workflow.outputs.q.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * (3 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (3 + 1)))

    def test_invoke_with_cache(self):
        _, _, _, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()

        value_cache = dict()
        workflow.inputs.p.value = 3
        workflow.invoke(context=dict(value_cache=value_cache))
        output_value = workflow.outputs.q.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * (3 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (3 + 1)))
        self.assertEqual(value_cache, dict(op1={'y': 4}, op2={'b': 8}, op3={'w': 32}))

    def test_invoke_with_context_inputs(self):
        def some_op(context, workflow, workflow_id, step, step_id, invalid):
            return dict(context=context,
                        workflow=workflow,
                        workflow_id=workflow_id,
                        step=step,
                        step_id=step_id,
                        invalid=invalid)

        from cate.core.op import OP_REGISTRY

        try:
            op_reg = OP_REGISTRY.add_op(some_op)
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['context']['context'] = True
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['workflow']['context'] = 'workflow'
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['workflow_id']['context'] = 'workflow.id'
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['step']['context'] = 'step'
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['step_id']['context'] = 'step.id'
            op_reg.op_meta_info.inputs['invalid']['context'] = 'gnarz[8]'

            step = OpStep(op_reg, node_id='test_step')

            workflow = Workflow(OpMetaInfo('test_workflow'))
            workflow.add_step(step)
            workflow.invoke()

            output = step.outputs['return'].value
            self.assertIsInstance(output, dict)
            self.assertIsInstance(output.get('context'), dict)
            self.assertIs(output.get('workflow'), workflow)
            self.assertEqual(output.get('workflow_id'), 'test_workflow')
            self.assertIs(output.get('step'), step)
            self.assertEqual(output.get('step_id'), 'test_step')
            self.assertEqual(output.get('invalid', 1), None)

        finally:
            OP_REGISTRY.remove_op(some_op)

    def test_call(self):
        _, _, _, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()

        output_value_1 = workflow(p=3)
        self.assertEqual(output_value_1, dict(q=2 * (3 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (3 + 1))))

        output_value_2 = workflow.call(input_values=dict(p=3))
        self.assertEqual(output_value_1, output_value_2)

    def test_new_workflow_op(self):
        _, _, _, workflow = self.create_example_3_steps_workflow()

        op = new_workflow_op(workflow)
        self.assertEqual(op.op_meta_info.qualified_name, 'myWorkflow')
        self.assertEqual(op(p=3), dict(q=2 * (3 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (3 + 1))))

    def test_from_json_dict(self):
        workflow_json_text = """
        {
            "qualified_name": "my_workflow",
            "header": {
                "description": "My workflow is not too bad."
            },
            "inputs": {
                "p": {"description": "Input 'p'"}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "q": {"source": "op3.w", "description": "Output 'q'"}
            },
            "steps": [
                {
                    "id": "op1",
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op1",
                    "inputs": {
                        "x": { "source": ".p" }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "id": "op2",
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op2",
                    "inputs": {
                        "a": {"source": "op1"}
                    }
                },
                {
                    "id": "op3",
                    "persistent": true,
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
                    "inputs": {
                        "u": {"source": "op1.y"},
                        "v": {"source": "op2.b"}
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
        """
        workflow_json_dict = json.loads(workflow_json_text)
        workflow = Workflow.from_json_dict(workflow_json_dict)

        self.assertIsNotNone(workflow)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.id, "my_workflow")

        self.assertEqual(workflow.op_meta_info.qualified_name, workflow.id)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.op_meta_info.header, dict(description="My workflow is not too bad."))
        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.op_meta_info.inputs), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.op_meta_info.outputs), 1)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.op_meta_info.inputs['p'], dict(description="Input 'p'"))
        self.assertEqual(workflow.op_meta_info.outputs['q'], dict(source="op3.w", description="Output 'q'"))

        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.inputs), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.outputs), 1)

        self.assertIn('p', workflow.inputs)
        self.assertIn('q', workflow.outputs)

        self.assertEqual(len(workflow.steps), 3)
        step1 = workflow.steps[0]
        step2 = workflow.steps[1]
        step3 = workflow.steps[2]

        self.assertEqual(step1.id, 'op1')
        self.assertEqual(step2.id, 'op2')
        self.assertEqual(step3.id, 'op3')

        self.assertIs(step1.inputs.x.source, workflow.inputs.p)
        self.assertIs(step2.inputs.a.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.u.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.v.source, step2.outputs.b)
        self.assertIs(workflow.outputs.q.source, step3.outputs.w)

        self.assertEqual(step1.persistent, False)
        self.assertEqual(step2.persistent, False)
        self.assertEqual(step3.persistent, True)

    def test_from_json_dict_empty(self):
        json_dict = json.loads('{"qualified_name": "hello"}')
        workflow = Workflow.from_json_dict(json_dict)
        self.assertEqual(workflow.id, 'hello')

    def test_from_json_dict_invalids(self):
        json_dict = json.loads('{"header": {}}')
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            Workflow.from_json_dict(json_dict)
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'missing mandatory property "qualified_name" in Workflow-JSON')

    def test_to_json_dict(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1, node_id='op1')
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='op2')
        step3 = OpStep(op3, node_id='op3')
        workflow = Workflow(OpMetaInfo('my_workflow', inputs=OrderedDict(p={}), outputs=OrderedDict(q={})))
        workflow.add_steps(step1, step2, step3)
        step1.inputs.x.source = workflow.inputs.p
        step2.inputs.a.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.u.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.v.source = step2.outputs.b
        workflow.outputs.q.source = step3.outputs.w

        step2.persistent = True

        workflow_dict = workflow.to_json_dict()

        expected_json_text = """
        {
            "schema_version": 1,
            "qualified_name": "my_workflow",
            "header": {},
            "inputs": {
                "p": {}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "q": {
                    "source": "op3.w"
                }
            },
            "steps": [
                {
                    "id": "op1",
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op1",
                    "inputs": {
                        "x": "my_workflow.p"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "id": "op2",
                    "persistent": true,
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op2",
                    "inputs": {
                        "a": "op1.y"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "id": "op3",
                    "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
                    "inputs": {
                        "v": "op2.b",
                        "u": "op1.y"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
        """

        actual_json_text = json.dumps(workflow_dict, indent=4)
        expected_json_obj = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_obj = json.loads(actual_json_text)

        self.assertEqual(actual_json_obj, expected_json_obj,
                         msg='\nexpected:\n%s\n%s\nbut got:\n%s\n%s\n' %
                             (120 * '-', expected_json_text,
                              120 * '-', actual_json_text))

class ExpressionStepTest(TestCase):
    expression = "dict(x = 1 + 2 * a, y = 3 * b ** 2 + 4 * c ** 3)"

    def test_init(self):
        node = ExpressionStep(self.expression,
                              OrderedDict([('a', {}), ('b', {}), ('c', {})]),
                              OrderedDict([('x', {}), ('y', {})]),
                              node_id='bibo_8')
        self.assertEqual(node.id, 'bibo_8')
        self.assertEqual(str(node),
                         node.id + ' = "dict(x = 1 + 2 * a, y = 3 * b ** 2 + 4 * c ** 3)"(a=None, b=None, c=None) '
                                   '-> (x, y) [ExpressionStep]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(node), "ExpressionStep('%s', node_id='bibo_8')" % self.expression)

        node = ExpressionStep(self.expression)
        self.assertEqual(node.op_meta_info.inputs, {})
        self.assertEqual(node.op_meta_info.outputs, {'return': {}})

    def test_from_json_dict(self):
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "bibo_8",
            "inputs": {
                "a": {},
                "b": {},
                "c": {}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "x": {},
                "y": {}
            },
            "expression": "%s"
        }
        """ % self.expression

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        node = ExpressionStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(node, ExpressionStep)
        self.assertEqual(node.id, "bibo_8")
        self.assertIn('a', node.inputs)
        self.assertIn('b', node.inputs)
        self.assertIn('c', node.inputs)
        self.assertIn('x', node.outputs)
        self.assertIn('y', node.outputs)

    def test_to_json_dict(self):
        expected_json_text = """
        {
            "id": "bibo_8",
            "inputs": {
                "a": {},
                "b": {},
                "c": {}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "x": {},
                "y": {}
            },
            "expression": "%s"
        }
        """ % self.expression

        step = ExpressionStep(self.expression, inputs=OrderedDict(a={}, b={}, c={}), outputs=OrderedDict(x={}, y={}), node_id='bibo_8')
        actual_json_dict = step.to_json_dict()

        actual_json_text = json.dumps(actual_json_dict, indent=4)
        expected_json_dict = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_dict = json.loads(actual_json_text)

        self.assertEqual(actual_json_dict, expected_json_dict,
                         msg='\n%sexpected:\n%s\n%s\nbut got:\n%s\n' %
                             (120 * '-', expected_json_text,
                              120 * '-', actual_json_text))

    def test_invoke(self):
        step = ExpressionStep(self.expression, OrderedDict(a={}, b={}, c={}), OrderedDict(x={}, y={}), node_id='bibo_8')
        a = 1.5
        b = -2.6
        c = 4.3
        step.inputs.a.value = a
        step.inputs.b.value = b
        step.inputs.c.value = c
        step.invoke()
        output_value_x = step.outputs.x.value
        output_value_y = step.outputs.y.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value_x, 1 + 2 * a)
        self.assertEqual(output_value_y, 3 * b ** 2 + 4 * c ** 3)

    def test_invoke_from_workflow(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/one_expr.json')
        workflow = Workflow.load(resource)
        a = 1.5
        b = -2.6
        c = 4.3
        workflow.inputs.a.value = a
        workflow.inputs.b.value = b
        workflow.inputs.c.value = c
        workflow.invoke()
        output_value_x = workflow.outputs.x.value
        output_value_y = workflow.outputs.y.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value_x, 1 + 2 * a)
        self.assertEqual(output_value_y, 3 * b ** 2 + 4 * c ** 3)

class WorkflowStepTest(TestCase):
    def test_init(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/three_ops.json')
        workflow = Workflow.load(resource)
        step = WorkflowStep(workflow, resource, node_id='jojo_87')
        self.assertEqual(step.id, 'jojo_87')
        self.assertEqual(step.resource, resource)
        self.assertEqual(str(step), 'jojo_87 = cool_workflow(p=None) -> (q) [WorkflowStep]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(step), "WorkflowStep(Workflow('cool_workflow'), '%s', node_id='jojo_87')" % resource)

        self.assertIsNotNone(step.workflow)
        self.assertIn('p', step.workflow.inputs)
        self.assertIn('q', step.workflow.outputs)

    def test_from_json_dict(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/three_ops.json')
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "workflow_ref_89",
            "workflow": "%s",
            "inputs": {
                "p": {"value": 2.8}
            }
        }
        """ % resource

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        step = WorkflowStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(step, WorkflowStep)
        self.assertEqual(step.id, "workflow_ref_89")
        self.assertEqual(step.resource, resource)
        self.assertIn('p', step.inputs)
        self.assertIn('q', step.outputs)
        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.p.value, 2.8)
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.q.value, None)

        self.assertIsNotNone(step.workflow)
        self.assertIn('p', step.workflow.inputs)
        self.assertIn('q', step.workflow.outputs)

        self.assertIs(step.workflow.inputs.p.source, step.inputs.p)

    def test_to_json_dict(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/three_ops.json')
        workflow = Workflow.load(resource)
        step = WorkflowStep(workflow, resource, node_id='jojo_87')
        actual_json_dict = step.to_json_dict()

        expected_json_text = """
        {
            "id": "jojo_87",
            "workflow": "%s",
            "inputs": {
                "p": {}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "q": {}
            }
        }
        """ % resource

        actual_json_text = json.dumps(actual_json_dict, indent=4)
        expected_json_dict = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_dict = json.loads(actual_json_text)

        self.assertEqual(actual_json_dict, expected_json_dict,
                         msg='\n%sexpected:\n%s\n%s\nbut got:\n%s\n' %
                             (120 * '-', expected_json_text,
                              120 * '-', actual_json_text))

    def test_invoke(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/three_ops.json')
        workflow = Workflow.load(resource)
        step = WorkflowStep(workflow, resource, node_id='jojo_87')

        value_cache = {}
        step.inputs.p.value = 3
        step.invoke(context=dict(value_cache=value_cache))
        output_value = step.outputs.q.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * (3 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (3 + 1)))
        self.assertEqual(value_cache, {'op1': {'y': 4}, 'op2': {'b': 8}, 'op3': {'w': 32}})

    def test_invoke_as_part_of_workflow(self):
        resource = get_resource('workflows/three_ops.json')
        workflow = Workflow.load(resource)
        step = WorkflowStep(workflow, resource, node_id='jojo_87')

        workflow = Workflow(OpMetaInfo('contains_jojo_87',
                                       has_monitor=True,
                                       inputs=OrderedDict(x={}),
                                       outputs=OrderedDict(y={})))
        workflow.add_step(step)
        step.inputs.p.source = workflow.inputs.x
        workflow.outputs.y.source = step.outputs.q

        value_cache = ValueCache()
        workflow.inputs.x.value = 4
        workflow.invoke(context=dict(value_cache=value_cache))
        output_value = workflow.outputs.y.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * (4 + 1) + 3 * (2 * (4 + 1)))
        self.assertEqual(value_cache, {'jojo_87._child': {'op1': {'y': 5}, 'op2': {'b': 10}, 'op3': {'w': 40}}})

class OpStepTest(TestCase):
    def test_init(self):
        step = OpStep(op3)

        self.assertRegex(step.id, '^opstep_[0-9a-f]+$')

        self.assertTrue(len(step.inputs), 2)
        self.assertTrue(len(step.outputs), 1)

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.inputs, 'u'))
        self.assertIs(step.inputs.u.node, step)
        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.u.name, 'u')

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.inputs, 'v'))
        self.assertIs(step.inputs.v.node, step)
        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.v.name, 'v')

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.outputs, 'w'))
        self.assertIs(step.outputs.w.node, step)
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.w.name, 'w')

        self.assertEqual(str(step), step.id + ' = test.core.test_workflow.op3(u=None, v=None, c=0) -> (w) [OpStep]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(step), "OpStep('test.core.test_workflow.op3', node_id='%s')" % step.id)

    def test_init_operation_and_name_are_equivalent(self):
        step3 = OpStep(op3)
        self.assertIsNotNone(step3.op)
        self.assertIsNotNone(step3.op_meta_info)
        node31 = OpStep(object_to_qualified_name(op3))
        self.assertIs(node31.op, step3.op)
        self.assertIs(node31.op_meta_info, step3.op_meta_info)

    def test_invoke(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1)
        step1.inputs.x.value = 3
        step1.invoke()
        output_value = step1.outputs.y.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 3 + 1)

        step2 = OpStep(op2)
        step2.inputs.a.value = 3
        step2.invoke()
        output_value = step2.outputs.b.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * 3)

        step3 = OpStep(op3)
        step3.inputs.u.value = 4
        step3.inputs.v.value = 5
        step3.invoke()
        output_value = step3.outputs.w.value
        self.assertEqual(output_value, 2 * 4 + 3 * 5)

    def test_call(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1)
        step1.inputs.x.value = 3
        output_value = step1(x=3)
        self.assertEqual(output_value, dict(y=3 + 1))

        step2 = OpStep(op2)
        output_value = step2(a=3)
        self.assertEqual(output_value, dict(b=2 * 3))

        step3 = OpStep(op3)
        output_value = step3(u=4, v=5)
        self.assertEqual(output_value, dict(w=2 * 4 + 3 * 5))

    def test_init_failures(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            # "ValueError: operation with name 'test_node.NodeTest' not registered"
            OpStep(OpStepTest)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            # "ValueError: operation with name 'X' not registered"
            OpStep('X')

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            # "ValueError: operation with name 'X.Y' not registered"
            OpStep('X.Y')

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            # "ValueError: operation must be given"
            OpStep(None)

    def test_connect_source(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1)
        step2 = OpStep(op2)
        step3 = OpStep(op3)
        step2.inputs.a.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.u.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.v.source = step2.outputs.b
        self.assertConnectionsAreOk(step1, step2, step3)

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as cm:
            step1.inputs.a.source = step3.inputs.u
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "attribute 'a' not found")

    def test_disconnect_source(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1)
        step2 = OpStep(op2)
        step3 = OpStep(op3)

        step2.inputs.a.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.u.source = step1.outputs.y
        step3.inputs.v.source = step2.outputs.b
        self.assertConnectionsAreOk(step1, step2, step3)

        step3.inputs.v.source = None

        self.assertIs(step2.inputs.a.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.u.source, step1.outputs.y)

        step2.inputs.a.source = None

        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.u.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.u.source, step1.outputs.y)

        step3.inputs.u.source = None

    def assertConnectionsAreOk(self, step1, step2, step3):
        self.assertIs(step2.inputs.a.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.u.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step3.inputs.v.source, step2.outputs.b)

    def test_from_json_dict_value(self):
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
            "inputs": {
                "u": {"value": 647},
                "v": {"value": 2.9}
            }
        }
        """

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        step3 = OpStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(step3, OpStep)
        self.assertEqual(step3.id, "op3")
        self.assertIsInstance(step3.op, Operation)
        self.assertIn('u', step3.inputs)
        self.assertIn('v', step3.inputs)
        self.assertIn('w', step3.outputs)

        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.u.value, 647)
        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.v.value, 2.9)

    def test_from_json_dict_source(self):
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
            "inputs": {
                "u": {"source": "stat_op.stats"},
                "v": {"source": ".latitude"}
            }
        }
        """

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        step3 = OpStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(step3, OpStep)
        self.assertEqual(step3.id, "op3")
        self.assertIsInstance(step3.op, Operation)
        self.assertIn('u', step3.inputs)
        self.assertIn('v', step3.inputs)
        self.assertIn('w', step3.outputs)
        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.u._source_ref, ('stat_op', 'stats'))
        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.u.source, None)
        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.v._source_ref, (None, 'latitude'))
        self.assertEqual(step3.inputs.v.source, None)

    def test_to_json_dict(self):
        step3 = OpStep(op3, node_id='op3')
        step3.inputs.u.value = 2.8
        step3.inputs.c.value = 1

        step3_dict = step3.to_json_dict()

        expected_json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
            "inputs": {
                "u": {"value": 2.8},
                "c": {"value": 1}
            }
        }
        """

        actual_json_text = json.dumps(step3_dict)

        expected_json_obj = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_obj = json.loads(actual_json_text)

        self.assertEqual(actual_json_obj, expected_json_obj,
                         msg='\n%sexpected:\n%s\n%s\nbut got:\n%s\n' %
                             (120 * '-', expected_json_text,
                              120 * '-', actual_json_text))

        # Invoke OpStep, and assert that output values are NOT serialized to JSON
        step3.inputs.u.value = 2.8
        step3.inputs.v.value = 1.2
        step3.invoke()
        step3_dict = step3.to_json_dict()

        expected_json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "op": "test.core.test_workflow.op3",
            "inputs": {
                "v": {"value": 1.2},
                "u": {"value": 2.8},
                "c": {"value": 1}
            }
        }
        """

        actual_json_text = json.dumps(step3_dict)

        expected_json_obj = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_obj = json.loads(actual_json_text)

        self.assertEqual(actual_json_obj, expected_json_obj,
                         msg='\n%sexpected:\n%s\n%s\nbut got:\n%s\n' %
                             (120 * '-', expected_json_text,
                              120 * '-', actual_json_text))

class NoOpStepTest(TestCase):
    def test_init(self):
        step = NoOpStep(inputs=OrderedDict([('a', {}), ('b', {})]),
                        outputs=OrderedDict([('c', {}), ('d', {})]))

        self.assertRegex(step.id, '^noopstep_[0-9a-f]+$')

        self.assertIsNotNone(step.op_meta_info)
        self.assertEqual(step.op_meta_info.qualified_name, step.id)

        self.assertTrue(len(step.inputs), 2)
        self.assertTrue(len(step.outputs), 2)

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.inputs, 'a'))
        self.assertIs(step.inputs.a.node, step)

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.outputs, 'd'))
        self.assertIs(step.outputs.d.node, step)

        self.assertEqual(str(step), step.id + ' = noop(a=None, b=None) -> (c, d) [NoOpStep]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(step), "NoOpStep(node_id='%s')" % step.id)

    def test_invoke(self):
        step = NoOpStep(inputs=OrderedDict([('a', {}), ('b', {})]),
                        outputs=OrderedDict([('c', {}), ('d', {})]))

        # Operation: Swap input
        step.outputs.c.source = step.inputs.b
        step.outputs.d.source = step.inputs.a

        step.inputs.a.value = 'A'
        step.inputs.b.value = 'B'
        step.invoke()
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.c.value, 'B')
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.d.value, 'A')

    def test_from_and_to_json(self):
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "no_op": true,
            "inputs": {
                "a": {"value": 647},
                "b": {"value": 2.9}
            },
            "outputs": {
                "c": {"source": "op3.b"},
                "d": {"source": "op3.a"}
            }
        }
        """

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        step = NoOpStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(step, NoOpStep)
        self.assertEqual(step.id, "op3")
        self.assertIn('a', step.inputs)
        self.assertIn('b', step.inputs)
        self.assertIn('c', step.outputs)
        self.assertIn('d', step.outputs)

        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.a.value, 647)
        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.b.value, 2.9)
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.c._source_ref, ('op3', 'b'))
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs.d._source_ref, ('op3', 'a'))

        # json_dict_2 = step.to_json_dict()
        # self.assertEqual(json_dict, json_dict_2)

class SubProcessStepTest(TestCase):
    def test_init(self):
        step = SubProcessStep('cd {dir}',
                              inputs=OrderedDict(dir=dict(data_type=str)))

        self.assertRegex(step.id, '^subprocessstep_[0-9a-f]+$')

        self.assertIsNotNone(step.op_meta_info)
        self.assertEqual(step.op_meta_info.qualified_name, step.id)

        self.assertTrue(len(step.inputs), 1)
        self.assertTrue(len(step.outputs), 1)

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.inputs, 'dir'))
        self.assertIs(step.inputs.dir.node, step)

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(step.outputs, 'return'))
        self.assertIs(step.outputs['return'].node, step)

        self.assertEqual(str(step), step.id + ' = "cd {dir}"(dir=None) [SubProcessStep]')
        self.assertEqual(repr(step), "SubProcessStep('cd {dir}', node_id='%s')" % step.id)

    def test_invoke(self):
        step = SubProcessStep('cd {dir}',
                              shell=True,
                              inputs=OrderedDict([('dir', dict(data_type=str))]))

        step.inputs.dir.value = '..'

        step.invoke()
        self.assertEqual(step.outputs['return'].value, 0)

    def test_from_and_to_json(self):
        json_text = """
        {
            "id": "op3",
            "command": "cd {dir}",
            "cwd": ".",
            "env": {
                "JDK_HOME": "."
            },
            "shell": true,
            "inputs": {
                "dir": {"value": "."}
            }
        }
        """

        json_dict = json.loads(json_text)

        step = SubProcessStep.from_json_dict(json_dict)

        self.assertIsInstance(step, SubProcessStep)
        self.assertEqual(step.id, "op3")
        self.assertIn('dir', step.inputs)
        self.assertIn('return', step.outputs)
        self.assertEqual(step.inputs.dir.value, '.')

        expected_json_text = """
                {
                    "id": "op3",
                    "command": "cd {dir}",
                    "cwd": ".",
                    "env": {
                        "JDK_HOME": "."
                    },
                    "shell": true,
                    "inputs": {
                        "dir": {"value": "."}
                    },
                    "outputs": {
                        "return": {}
                    }
                }
                """
        expected_json_dict = json.loads(expected_json_text)
        actual_json_dict = step.to_json_dict()
        self.assertEqual(actual_json_dict, expected_json_dict)

class NodePortTest(TestCase):
    def test_init(self):
        step = OpStep(op1, node_id='myop')
        x_port = NodePort(step, 'x')

        self.assertIs(x_port.node, step)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.node_id, 'myop')
        self.assertEqual(x_port.name, 'x')
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_source, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.has_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.value, None)
        self.assertEqual(str(x_port), 'myop.x')
        self.assertEqual(repr(x_port), "NodePort('myop', 'x')")

    def test_source_and_value(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1, node_id='op1')
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='op2')

        x_port = NodePort(step1, 'x')
        b_port = NodePort(step2, 'b')

        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_source, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.has_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.value, None)

        x_port.value = 11
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_source, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_value, True)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.has_value, True)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.value, 11)

        x_port.source = b_port
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_source, True)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source, b_port)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source_ref, SourceRef(node_id='op2', port_name='b'))
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.has_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.value, None)

        b_port.value = 67382
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_source, True)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source, b_port)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.source_ref, SourceRef(node_id='op2', port_name='b'))
        self.assertEqual(x_port.is_value, False)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.has_value, True)
        self.assertEqual(x_port.value, 67382)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            x_port.source = x_port
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "cannot connect 'op1.x' with itself")

        # TODO (forman): must check for cyclic dependency
        # with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
        #     x_port.source = y_port
        # self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "AAAAA")

    def test_resolve_source_ref(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1, node_id='myop1')
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='myop2')
        step2.inputs.a._source_ref = ('myop1', 'y')

        g = Workflow(OpMetaInfo('myWorkflow',
                                has_monitor=True,
                                inputs=OrderedDict(x={}),
                                outputs=OrderedDict(b={})))
        g.add_steps(step1, step2)

        step2.inputs.a.update_source()

        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a._source_ref, ('myop1', 'y'))
        self.assertIs(step2.inputs.a.source, step1.outputs.y)
        self.assertIs(step2.inputs.a.value, None)

    def test_from_json_dict(self):
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='myop2')
        port2 = NodePort(step2, 'a')

        port2.from_json(json.loads('{"value": 2.6}'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, 2.6)

        port2.from_json(json.loads('{"source": "myop1.y"}'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, ('myop1', 'y'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        # "myop1.y" is a shorthand for {"source": "myop1.y"}
        port2.from_json(json.loads('"myop1.y"'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, ('myop1', 'y'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        port2.from_json(json.loads('{"source": ".y"}'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, (None, 'y'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        # ".x" is a shorthand for {"source": ".x"}
        port2.from_json(json.loads('".y"'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, (None, 'y'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        # "myop1" is a shorthand for {"source": "myop1"}
        port2.from_json(json.loads('"myop1"'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, ('myop1', None))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        # if "a" is defined, but neither "source" nor "value" is given, it will neither have a source nor a value
        port2.from_json(json.loads('{}'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)
        port2.from_json(json.loads('null'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        # if "a" is not defined at all, it will neither have a source nor a value
        port2.from_json(json.loads('{}'))
        self.assertEqual(port2._source_ref, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._source, None)
        self.assertEqual(port2._value, UNDEFINED)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            port2.from_json(json.loads('{"value": 2.6, "source": "y"}'))
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
                         "error decoding 'myop2.a' because \"source\" and \"value\" are mutually exclusive")

        expected_msg = "error decoding 'myop2.a' because the \"source\" value format is " \
                       "neither \"<node-id>.<name>\", \"<node-id>\", nor \".<name>\""

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            port2.from_json(json.loads('{"source": ""}'))
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expected_msg)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            port2.from_json(json.loads('{"source": "."}'))
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expected_msg)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            port2.from_json(json.loads('{"source": "var."}'))
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expected_msg)

    def test_to_json_dict(self):
        step1 = OpStep(op1, node_id='myop1')
        step2 = OpStep(op2, node_id='myop2')

        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(), dict())

        step2.inputs.a.value = 982
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(), dict(value=982))
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(force_dict=True), dict(value=982))

        step2.inputs.a.source = step1.outputs.y
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(), 'myop1.y')
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(force_dict=True), dict(source='myop1.y'))

        step2.inputs.a.source = None
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(), dict())
        self.assertEqual(step2.inputs.a.to_json(force_dict=True), dict())

class ValueCacheTest(TestCase):
    class ClosableBibo:
        def __init__(self):
            self.closed = False

        def close(self):
            self.closed = True

    def test_close(self):
        bibo1 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()
        bibo2 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()
        bibo3 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo1'] = bibo1
        vc['bibo2'] = bibo2
        vc['bibo3'] = bibo3

        self.assertFalse(bibo1.closed)
        self.assertFalse(bibo2.closed)
        self.assertFalse(bibo3.closed)
        vc.close()
        self.assertTrue(bibo1.closed)
        self.assertTrue(bibo2.closed)
        self.assertTrue(bibo3.closed)

    def test_close_with_child(self):
        bibo1 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()
        bibo2 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()
        bibo3 = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo1'] = bibo1
        vc['bibo2'] = bibo2
        bibo2_child = vc.child('bibo2')
        bibo2_child['bibo3'] = bibo3

        self.assertFalse(bibo1.closed)
        self.assertFalse(bibo2.closed)
        self.assertFalse(bibo3.closed)
        vc.close()
        self.assertTrue(bibo1.closed)
        self.assertTrue(bibo2.closed)
        self.assertTrue(bibo3.closed)

    def test_set(self):
        bibo = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo'] = bibo
        self.assertIn('bibo', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bibo'], bibo)

        self.assertFalse(bibo.closed)
        vc['bibo'] = None
        self.assertTrue(bibo.closed)
        self.assertIn('bibo', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bibo'], None)

    def test_del(self):
        bibo = ValueCacheTest.ClosableBibo()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo'] = bibo
        self.assertIn('bibo', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bibo'], bibo)

        self.assertFalse(bibo.closed)
        del vc['bibo']
        self.assertTrue(bibo.closed)
        self.assertNotIn('bibo', vc)

    def test_child(self):
        bibo = object()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo'] = bibo

        child_vc = vc.child('bibo')
        self.assertIsInstance(child_vc, ValueCache)
        self.assertIn('bibo', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bibo'], bibo)
        self.assertIn('bibo._child', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bibo._child'], child_vc)
        self.assertIsNot(child_vc, vc)

    def test_get_id(self):
        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo1'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo3'] = object()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo1'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo2'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo3'), 3)

        vc['bibo1'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo3'] = object()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo1'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo2'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo3'), 3)

        vc.clear()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo1'), None)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo2'), None)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo3'), None)

        vc['bibo1'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo3'] = object()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo1'), 4)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo2'), 5)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bibo3'), 6)

    def test_get_update_count(self):
        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo1'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo3'] = object()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo1'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo2'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo3'), 0)

        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo3'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = object()
        vc['bibo2'] = None

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo1'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo2'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo3'), 1)

        vc.clear()

        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo1'), None)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo2'), None)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_update_count('bibo3'), None)

    def test_rename_key(self):
        bibo = object()

        vc = ValueCache()
        vc['bibo'] = bibo

        bibo_id = vc.get_id('bibo')
        bibo_child = vc.child('bibo')

        vc.rename_key('bibo', 'bert')

        self.assertNotIn('bibo', vc)
        self.assertNotIn('bibo._child', vc)

        self.assertIn('bert', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bert'], bibo)
        self.assertIn('bert._child', vc)
        self.assertIs(vc['bert._child'], bibo_child)
        self.assertEqual(vc.get_id('bert'), bibo_id)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Higher education in Austin comes with an annual course in the great civilizations of Mesoamerica, the legacy of Latin culture and the ubiquitous celebration of Dia de los Muertos.
At the University of Texas at Austin, Sigma Lambda Beta International Fraternity – Eta Alpha Chapter does the Day of the Dead up big, and hosts its annual Dia de los Muertos event on Wednesday, Nov. 1 at 7 p.m. at the UT Tower on the Main Mall.
Celebrate Dia de los Muertos on campus at the University of Texas. Decorate traditional sugar skulls with icing and crafts, drink Mexican hot chocolate, try some candy, build altars, get your face painted and participate in campus-wide activities to experience and educate yourself on Mexican-American culture. The event is free and open to the public. For more info go to www.texasbetas.org.
Austin Community College's Catch the Next (CTN) Project events are held during the fall and spring semesters. On Thursday Nov. 2, students will work on their campus to develop an "Altar de Muertos" where they will display photos and mementos from a person they admire, or a family member who passed away. Students can invite their mentors to this special opportunity. For more info see www.austincc.edu/support-and-services/student-experience-and-community/catch-the-next.
St. Edward's University invites the public to a campus celebration of Dia de los Muertos on Thursday, Nov., 12:45-1:45 p.m. at the Ragsdale Center at St. Edward's University (3001 S Congress Ave). It's a day to honor our beloved dead, with entertainment and refreshments. An altar will be arranged earlier. The event is hosted by St. Edward's CAMP, the College Assistance Migrant Program is dedicated to serving the higher education needs of migrant students at St. Edward's.


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text:
F 22 Losses
About 48 million. Hearing loss as a result of loud noises that veterans were exposed to during service, such as airplane engines or gunfire, are quite common. A brief description of the workrelated incident. Cumulative rate and a 6-quarter rolling average is shown. The Oprah Show, O magazine, Oprah Radio, Angel Network, Harpo Films and Oprah's Book Club. During the Raptor's first-ever major air exercise in 2006, an Air Force F-16 most likely dating from the 1980s managed to "kill" an F-22. US ARMY CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY HISTORICAL RESOURCES BRANCH SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR: VOLUNTEER FORCES This document replicates in its entirety Adjutant General's Office, Statistical Exhibit of Strength of Volunteer Forces Called Into Service During the War With Spain; with Losses From All Causes (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899). The Tyndall damage could mean a loss of $1-$3 billion for aircraft alone. 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The pre-registration fee to participate is a $30 donation to Muscular Dystrophy / ALS Augie's Quest that will be paid at Super Fitness. F-22 Incident Alleged to be Engine. Core Tip: September 2007, Reuters quoted an official speech, the United States Central Intelligence Agency, said a U. SportSource Analytics is the industry leader when it comes to college football data. Perfect for interstate fans and looking to meet the team and attend an away match. We manage the largest public pension fund in the US. To build theory, we synthesize our empirical data from the case ith other w existing theory, such as theories of learning and complexity. From fast-food addict to mindful eater. "The F-15 in all air forces had an air-to-air combined record of 104 kills to 0 losses in air combat as of February 2008. Loss carryforward refers to an accounting technique that applies the current year's net operating losses to future years' profits to reduce tax liability and track profits accurately. 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President Trump's tour Monday of devastation wrought by Hurricane Michael took him close to Florida's Tyndall Air Force Base, where more than a dozen F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jets were damaged. Thursday night's 34-27 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles proved them right — in two very. You must make the adjustments for the tax year of the. They know how things look from the outside, especially after a 24-22 loss to the previously winless New York Jets on Sunday. My library. Oct 30, 2019 5:22 AM Redemptions Rip Through UK Equity Funds As Fallout From Woodford Collapse Grows In funds with a liquidity mismatch , the First-Mover Advantage is huge , as Woodford's investors found out. WASHINGTON (AP) — Nationals fans hoped to celebrate a championship with the home team this weekend at the first World Series in Washington since 1933. Registered Office: 8th Floor, 125 London Wall, London. Modeling sensorineural hearing loss. Amphenol RF offers innovative solutions to keep up with the evolving landscape of the technology industry. Commanders of units flying the F/A-22 Raptor called for a safety stand down of the fleet following a crash 20 December 2004 at Nellis Air Force Base, NV. I think the only reason the F-35 is still in motion is because of its international connections. Before participating in a study, talk to your health care provider and learn about the risks and potential benefits. Whatever your loss, it's personal to you, so don't feel ashamed about how you feel, or believe that it's somehow only appropriate to grieve for certain things. We'll be in touch if we need additional information, to explain your coverages, or discuss next steps. With the exception of goodwill and certain intangible assets for which an annual impairment test is. 1 year ago. Air Force anticipates that a number of F-22 Raptors left behind at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, during Hurricane Michael were damaged by the storm, an official said Friday. The official site of the Brooklyn Nets. After a miscarriage, you may experience a roller coaster of emotions, as well as physical symptoms, as your body recovers after a miscarriage. I have service in Long Island or The Rockaways, NY. Instead, the red-clad, towel-waving ticket. The official source for NFL news, video highlights, fantasy football, game-day coverage, schedules, stats, scores and more. Share your thoughts with the community, ask questions, find help, learn about events and much more. WebMD tells you how to use body mass index, or BMI, to determine if you are overweight. Complete coverage of the Minnesota Vikings. 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Other losses to Chinese cyber spies included the air refueling schedules of the U. 22:1811, 1821, and Chapter 10 of Title 23 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950, shall pay the amount of any claim due any insured within thirty days after receipt of satisfactory proofs of loss from the insured or any party in interest. The Income Tax Act "Ley de la Renta" establishes, for example, what constitutes deductible expenses or how the accelerated depreciation works. The F-22 loses to a Super Hornet - General F-22A Raptor forum. Onar, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Harold Kirkham, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Emily Fisher, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders. Copies of appropriate volumes of the CFR in book format may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U. Before the storm, the Air Force sent at least 33 of the fighters to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. 22 Pounds Lost* The SlimGenics Program is more than weight loss—it's a way of life. ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Roderick Jackson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Omer C. Lincoln, NE 68588 | 402-472-4224. "The F-15 in all air forces had an air-to-air combined record of 104 kills to 0 losses in air combat as of February 2008. A brief description of the workrelated incident. In exercises, the F-22 can often achieve this advantage against fully upgraded F-15s and F-16s. ONE F-22 LOSS AT RED FLAG ATTRIBUTED TO BAD TACTICS: The U. Create or join a NHL league and manage your team with live scoring, stats, scouting reports, news, and expert advice. Usher syndrome is a condition characterized by partial or total hearing loss and vision loss that worsens over time. We found multiple stores for you. F-16 was designed to be a cost effective, light multirole (fighter-bomber) jet that could be a support to the more expensive F-15 Eagle. The F-22A on the tarmat at NAS Fallon on Apr. The last F-8 kill of the war, occurring on May 23rd, 1972, was probably the best example of that attitude towards the Crusader. Other losses to Chinese cyber spies included the air refueling schedules of the U. Get a free, personalized quote today!. A Red Flag Warning has been issued for most of Northern CA and portions of Southern CA from today until late Thursday evening and even into Friday for some areas, due to strong winds and low humidity. The School District of Palm Beach County is committed to providing a world-class education with excellence and equity to empower each student to reach his or her highest potential with the most effective staff to foster the knowledge, skills, and ethics required for responsible citizenship and productive careers. Discover more every day. Start losing weight today! Jenny Craig - A Top Weight Loss Diet for 9 Years Straight. Seems like a terrible loss to aviation. For decades, we have recognized that the individual health insurance market continues to be a source of confusion for many consumers. 8 Northern State handed No. The Senate voted Tuesday to cut off production funding for the F-22 fighter, a come-from-behind win for Defense Secretary Robert Gates who has targeted the costly program as part of his effort to. Even if all F-35s and F-22s turn out fine, the loss to Tyndall Air Force Base, where stealth fighter training takes place, represents a huge setback to US air dominance on par with losing a big. YOLOv2 in PyTorch. Our technology and services exist to make your teaching life easier. Air Force is assessing what damage more than a dozen F-22 Raptor fighters suffered when Tyndall Air Force Base sustained a direct hit from Hurricane Michael. 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Instructions: More Information: The Internal Revenue Bulletin (IRB) is the authoritative instrument for announcing official rulings and procedures of the IRS and for publishing Treasury Decisions, Executive Orders, Tax Conventions, legislation, court decisions, and other items of general interest. Head Loss/Pressure Drop. It shows the income of a business for the tax year, as well as deductible expenses. Beyond Meat stock has gained 6. This accessory permits losses in different bends, a sudden contraction, sudden enlargement and a typical control valve to be demonstrated. F-22 Incident Alleged to be Engine. We manage the largest public pension fund in the US. The pre-registration fee to participate is a $30 donation to Muscular Dystrophy / ALS Augie's Quest that will be paid at Super Fitness. The Connection Between Weight Loss and Age. 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This is similar to how Zip works, except with FLAC you will get much better compression because it is designed specifically for audio, and you can play back compressed FLAC files in your favorite player (or your car or home stereo, see. In December 2011, therefore, Japan picked the F-35A over Boeing's F/A-18E Super Hornet International, and the Eurofighter Typhoon. Heat can move, transfer, through material by conduction. AHRQ creates materials to teach and train health care systems and professionals to help them improve care for their patients. Tweet with a location. My library. More than a dozen F-22 Raptors were left at Tyndall AFB for either mechanical or safety reasons. Get access to email, news, video, entertainment, sports and more. The same source said the damage to the F-22s should be largely repairable, but repairs will be costly — and come at a time that Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis has made increasing F-22 readiness. The sophisticated Joint Helmet-Mounted Display system for F-22 fighter pilots leans heavily on Israeli technology. The BuNos are listed by date, the most recent crash is at the top of the list. The F-22 provides "first-look, first-shot, first-kill" capability. When determining whether a loss is significant, a registrant should consider, among others, the following factors: (1) The actual quantity of controlled substances lost in relation to the type of business;. Contribute to longcw/yolo2-pytorch development by creating an account on GitHub. So an NFL team has 53 players on a roster, the Falcons are spending $198. In fact, some weight loss programs include a short one- to two-week introductory phase where your eating is more restricted and weight loss happens more quickly. Solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. Have a page. Find out how to cope with depression. 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This can be used as a rough guide for sizing your furnace -- but see the discussion on Internal Gains above. (National Sentinel) Irreplaceable: Tyndall Air Force Base, home to some of the most advanced fighter planes in the world, the F-22 Raptor, sustained a direct hit from Catagory 4(. You don't have to sign on to a grueling diet plan or drop a large amount of weight to see changes in your blood pressure and overall health. There is massive extinction from human activity. Questions like this are the classic "Us V Them" or "X v Y" sorts, which make people want to take sides vociferously. TSP Account Number. Generally. "You're beautiful, but you're emptyOne couldn't die for you. Solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. Global Stock Index Quarterly Update. The loss of more than one phalange shall be considered as the loss of the entire toe. Also reads match efficiency. Join for free and gain visibility by uploading your research. This listing relates to Allied aircrew 1939 - 1945. FLUID MECHANICS F1-10 Accessory F1-22 Energy Losses in Bends - Issue 19. Head Loss/Pressure Drop. CommScope has played a role in virtually all the world's best communication networks. The F-22 iswell, it can put on a show! The pilot put it into a spin and then recovered, then he did what looked like the F-22 version of the Su-27's Cobra and then walked it along solely on afterburner. Trees cool the city by up to 10°F, by shading our homes and streets, breaking up urban "heat islands" and releasing water vapor into the air through their leaves. In this article, we would mainly be focussing on the Reason for Loss from House Property and the Income Tax treatment of the same. But regardless, the F-22 is infinitely better at shooting itself down then every other adversary combined. Investigators have concluded that a $22 million US Air Force F-16 fighter jet crashed near Joint Base Andrews, Maryland earlier this year because its engine was improperly assembled and was. F-16 Losses. Rules define the action taken when an attempt is made to transfer or transmit sensitive data. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a type of NAFLD. The Tyndall damage could mean a loss of $1-$3 billion for aircraft alone. F-22 fighters in the September 1, lost contact after taking off from Guam, Reuters quoted the official as saying , in the CIA intercepted military communications in China, found that the F-22 aircraft have been shot down by Chinese fighters intercepted and crashed in the. This aircraft is generally less maneuverable than previous model F/A-18C. A complete eye exam includes five common tests to detect glaucoma. AHRQ creates materials to teach and train health care systems and professionals to help them improve care for their patients. During Exercise Red Flag 07-1 in February 2007, 14 F-22s of the 94th FS supported Blue Force strikes and undertook close air support sorties. The term "net capital loss" means the excess of the losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the sum allowed under section 1211.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Colleges and universities are faced with many challenges as they upgrade and expand their facilities. They need engineers who can visualize tomorrow's technological upgrades and design mechanical and electrical systems that support them. There are also more athletic centers and performing arts buildings being constructed on campuses which require efficient management. This requires qualified engineers who can think ahead and provide flexible systems design that can be upgraded and retrofitted for their changing needs.