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« First Annual FierceBiotech Drug Development Forum (DDF). Event covers the drug development process from basic research through clinical trials. InterContinental Hotel, Boston, September 19-21, 2016.
Inactivation of an enzyme needed to metabolize glucose by Vitamic C deprives tumor cells of energy »
Licensing Agreements for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology Patent
August 24, 2016 by 2012pharmaceutical
Curator: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
AstraZeneca's CRISPR research collaborations are with the following institutions:
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Under the terms of the collaboration with the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, research will focus on deleting specific genes relevant to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, autoimmune & inflammatory diseases and regenerative medicine to understand their precise role in these conditions. AstraZeneca will provide cell lines that can be targeted using the Sanger Institute's collection of genome-wide CRISPR guide-RNA libraries to generate populations of cells in which defined genes are switched off. Genes will subsequently be identified by next-generation sequencing and cell populations tested to validate the effects of a given gene on a wide range of physical and biological traits.
"The Sanger Institute's guide-RNA library enables researchers to target genes with incredible specificity," said Dr. Kosuke Yusa, Member of Faculty at the Sanger Institute. "CRISPR has transformed the way we study the behaviour of cells and now the application of this powerful technology to the search for effective drugs has the potential to benefit patients."
The Innovative Genomics Initiative, California
The Innovative Genomics Initiative (IGI) is a joint venture between the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco. The research collaboration will focus on either inhibiting (CRISPRi) or activating (CRISPRa) genes to understand their role in disease pathology. The IGI and AstraZeneca will work closely together to identify and validate gene targets relevant to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and regenerative medicine to understand their precise role in these conditions.
"We are excited to pair the IGI's premier expertise in CRISPR gene editing and regulation with AstraZeneca's deep experience in therapeutics," said Jacob Corn, Scientific Director of the Innovative Genomics Initiative. "I'm confident that, working side-by-side with scientists at AstraZeneca, our collaboration will positively impact drug discovery and development to hasten treatments to patients."
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts
Under the terms of the collaboration with Thermo Fisher Scientific, a world-leading reagent and instrument provider, AstraZeneca will receive RNA-guide libraries that target individual known human genes and gene families. AstraZeneca can screen these guides against cell lines to identify new disease targets.
"Through this research collaboration with AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher is helping to accelerate access to cutting edge genome-editing applications for next generation drug discovery. Enabling more relevant disease models will improve target identification and translation to therapeutics," said Dr. Jon Chesnut, Director of Synthetic Biology R&D at Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Broad Institute/Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
The collaboration with the Broad Institute and Whitehead Institute will evaluate a genome-wide CRISPR library against a panel of cancer cell lines with a view to identifying new targets for cancer drug discovery.
In addition to the new collaborations, AstraZeneca's in-house programme is currently adapting CRISPR technology to streamline and accelerate the production of cell lines and translational models that mimic complex genomic and disease-relevant scenarios.
"Application of the CRISPR technology for precise genome editing in recombinant cell lines and in relevant disease models should enable us to identify novel targets, build better test systems for drug discovery and enhance the translatability of our efficacy and safety models," said Dr. Lorenz Mayr, Vice President, Reagents & Assay Development, AstraZeneca.
The short video above explaining how CRISPR technology works is available in English, Mandarin and Spanish, and a still image illustrating the technology is available.
Download broadcast video and high-resolution image
About The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is one of the world's leading genome centres. Through its ability to conduct research at scale, it is able to engage in bold and long-term exploratory projects that are designed to influence and empower medical science globally. Institute research findings, generated through its own research programmes and through its leading role in international consortia, are being used to develop new diagnostics and treatments for human disease.http://www.sanger.ac.uk/
About Innovative Genomics Initiative
The Innovative Genomics Initiative (IGI) was established in early 2014 at the Li Ka Shing Center for Genomic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and is a joint UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco initiative catalyzing and guiding the global effort in both the academic and commercial research communities to unleash the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for positive human impact.
About the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT was launched in 2004 to empower this generation of creative scientists to transform medicine. The Broad Institute seeks to describe all the molecular components of life and their connections; discover the molecular basis of major human diseases; develop effective new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics; and disseminate discoveries, tools, methods and data openly to the entire scientific community.
Founded by MIT, Harvard and its affiliated hospitals, and the visionary Los Angeles philanthropists Eli and Edythe L. Broad, the Broad Institute includes faculty, professional staff and students from throughout the MIT and Harvard biomedical research communities and beyond, with collaborations spanning over a hundred private and public institutions in more than 40 countries worldwide. For further information about the Broad Institute, go to http://www.broadinstitute.org.
About Whitehead Institute
Whitehead Institute is a world-renowned non-profit research institution dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical research. Wholly independent in its governance, finances, and research programs, Whitehead shares a close affiliation with Massachusetts Institute of Technology through its faculty, who hold joint MIT appointments. http://wi.mit.edu
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is the world leader in serving science, with revenues of $17 billion and 50,000 employees in 50 countries. Our mission is to enable our customers to make the world healthier, cleaner and safer. We help our customers accelerate life sciences research, solve complex analytical challenges, improve patient diagnostics and increase laboratory productivity. Through our four premier brands – Thermo Scientific, Life Technologies, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services – we offer an unmatched combination of innovative technologies, purchasing convenience and comprehensive support. For more information, please visit www.thermofisher.com.
https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2015/astrazeneca-crispr-technology-genome-editing-29012015.html
Caribou BioSciences – Jennifer Daudna
Intellia
Novartis bought in to Intellia–as well as Caribou, which out-licensed some pioneering CRISPR tech created by Jennifer Doudna at UC Berkeley–with a clear interest in tapping the science for its ambitious CAR-T work reengineering T cells into cancer weapons. John Leonard was wooed in from the Big Pharma world, after a stint in charge of R&D at AbbVie ($ABBV). And gene editing–deleting, repairing and inserting genetic information to correct an ailment–has what is widely viewed as a potent future in devising a new generation of potential cures.
"CRISPR/Cas9 technology has potential to transform medicine by addressing previously untreatable genetic targets and serving as the basis for new and better therapies," said Leonard in a statement. "This novel technology could potentially eliminate many severely disabling and life-threatening diseases for patients."
But after the Big Vision, detailed insights into the company's plans can be hard to glean. Asked about the apparent likelihood of an IPO in the offing, CEO Nessan Bermingham declined comment.
Novartis adopts a CRISPR-Cas9 partner and jumps into the hot new R&D field
A biotech war is brewing over control of the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 tech
Top research institutions hand hot gene-editing tech–with a catch–to Editas
Novartis joins Atlas in launching a CRISPR Cas biotech with a $15M bankroll
http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/crispr-player-intellia-looks-ipo-ready-after-70m-round/2015-09-01?utm_medium=nl&utm_source=internal
Bayer LifeScience Center (BLSC)
ERS Genomics – Emmanuelle Charpentier
CRISPR Therapeutics – Emmanuelle Charpentier and
Bayer Inks CRISPR Patent Licensing Agreement
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) – Bayer and ERS Genomics announced today that they have signed a patent license agreement, giving the Bayer LifeScience Center (BLSC) access to ERS's foundational CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology.
Financial and other details of the agreement were not disclosed.
ERS Genomics was formed to commercialize patents held by CRISPR pioneer Emmanuelle Charpentier, now director of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology. She is a co-inventor on a foundational CRISPR/Cas9 patent application currently at the center of a patent interference trial being conducted by the US Patent and Trademark Office. A team led by the Broad Institute currently holds the key patent for CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
The BLSC has also recently created a joint venture with CRISPR Therapeutics, a firm Charpentier co-founded, to develop new CRISPR-based therapies.
https://www.genomeweb.com/business-news/bayer-inks-crispr-patent-licensing-agreement
Vertex Therapeutics
CRISPR Therapeutics – Emmanuelle Charpentier
Regeneron
Intellia – Jennifer Daudna
Licensing deal with Regeneron to accelerate CRISPR biotech Intellia (Jennifer Doudna's Start Up) for an IPO
Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/04/12/licensing-deal-with-regeneron-to-accelerate-crispr-biotech-intellia-jennifer-doudnas-start-up-for-an-ipo/
Albany Molecular Research (AMRI)
https://www.genomeweb.com/gene-silencinggene-editing/broad-institute-licenses-crisprcas9-amri?utm_source=SilverpopMailing&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily%20News:%20Broad%20Institute%20Licenses%20CRISPR/Cas9%20to%20AMRI%20-%2008/24/2016%2011:15:00%20AM
Moderna Therapeutics
Cases in Biotech Entrepreneurship: Selective Start Ups in 2016
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/03/06/cases-in-biotech-entrepreneurship-selective-start-ups-in-2016/
Moderna Therapeutics Deal with Merck: Are Personalized Vaccines here?
Curator & Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/08/11/moderna-therapeutics-deal-with-merck-are-personalized-vaccines-here/
at #JPM16 – Moderna Therapeutics turns away an extra $200 million: with AstraZeneca (collaboration) & with Merck ($100 million investment)
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/01/13/at-jpm16-moderna-therapeutics-turns-away-an-extra-200-million-with-astrazeneca-collaboration-with-merck-100-million-investment/
New CRISPR/Cpf1 Genome Editing System Makes Waves at CSHL Meeting
People in the News: Kathy Ordoñez, Emmanuelle Charpentier, and more
DuPont, Caribou Biosciences Ink Strategic Alliance on CRISPR, Cross-License IP
CRISPR Therapeutics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Ink $105M Collaboration Deal
Regeneron Licenses CRISPR-Cas9 IP From ERS Genomics
Bayer, CRISPR Therapeutics Launch JV to Develop CRISPR/Cas9 Treatments
AstraZeneca Shows Off Quick Uptake of CRISPR Tech in Drug Discovery Process
Caribou Bio Grants IDT Non-Exclusive Rights to Commercialize RUO CRISPR/Cas9 Reagents
Evotec Licenses CRISPR Tech From Broad Institute, Harvard
Broad Institute Refutes Claims in Leaked Email Suggesting CRISPR Patent Malfeasance
Other related articles on CRISPR Cas Technology published in this Open Access Online Scientific Journal include the following:
Who will be the the First to IPO: Novartis bought in to Intellia (UC, Berkeley) as well as Caribou (UC, Berkeley) vs Editas (MIT)??
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/01/who-will-be-the-the-first-to-ipo-novartis-bought-in-to-intellia-uc-berkeley-as-well-as-caribou-vs-editas-mit/
Where is the most promising avenue to success in Pharmaceuticals with CRISPR-Cas9?
Author: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/01/where-is-the-most-promising-avenue-to-success-in-pharmaceuticals-with-crispr-cas9/
New Values for Capital Investment in Technology Disruption: Life Sciences Group @Google and the Future of the Rest of the Biotech Industry
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/31/new-values-for-capital-investment-in-technology-disruption-life-sciences-group-google-and-the-future-of-the-rest-of-the-biotech-industry/
Level of Comfort with Making Changes to the DNA of an Organism
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/30/level-of-comfort-with-making-changes-to-the-dna-of-an-organism/
Delineating a Role for CRISPR-Cas9 in Pharmaceutical Targeting
Author & Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/30/delineating-a-role-for-crispr-cas9-in-pharmaceutical-targeting/
Posted in CRISPR/Cas9 & Gene Editing, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical | Leave a Comment
Engineered Bacteria used as Trojan Horse for Cancer Immunotherapy July 13, 2019
@BroadInstitute a shift from Permanently editing DNA to Temporarily revising RNA – An approach with promise for addressing the risk of developing Alzheimer's by deactivating APOE4 – RESCUE: RNA Editing for Specific C to U Exchange, the platform builds on REPAIR: RNA Editing for Programmable A to I July 12, 2019
FIVE Forthcoming Books on CRISPR in 2019-2020: Flooded market or CRISPR-fatigued readers – Not to Worry !!!!! July 4, 2019
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In-House Development of an intellectual property value calculator (IP-V-Cal) for Valuation of INTANGIBLE products: Intellectual property (IP) assets of Digital Printed Products (DPP) – Online Journal(s), e-Books and a Corpus of Real Time generated eProceedings of the Top Biotech Global Conferences June 30, 2019
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AI System Used to Detect Lung Cancer June 28, 2019
Analysis of Utilizing LPBI Group's Scientific Curation Platform as an Educational Tool: New Paradigm for Student Engagement June 27, 2019
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Purpose: To promote the importance of botany to horticulture by encouraging young men and women to study field botany in the US, and to offer an opportunity to gain knowledge and experience in the field beyond the regular course of study.
History: Following the death of his wife, Joan Hunt, Torrence Miller Hunt, Sr. decided to remember her with a donation to the GCA Scholarship Program. During her lifetime, Joan was a director from Zone V, an active member of the Garden Club of Allegheny County, and loved her association with her club and the GCA. Members of the GCAC agreed. It was decided that the scholarship would be named in honor of Joan K. Hunt and Rachel M. Hunt, beloved members of the Garden Club of Allegheny County and outstanding women of Pittsburgh. Rachel M. Hunt, the mother of Torrence M. Hunt, Sr., was a director of The Garden Club of America from 1934-1939, and a founding member and president of the Garden Club of Allegheny County. One half of the funding would come from the Garden Club of Allegheny County and the balance would come from Torrence M. Hunt, Sr. Funding was completed in January 2003 and the first Hunt Scholar was named that March.
Eligibility: Open to undergraduates and graduate students up to the masters degree level with preference given to undergraduate students. Eligibility is open to U.S. Citizens and permanent residents who are enrolled in a U.S. - based institution.
To Apply: See application and information. Applications must be received at GCA Headquarters in New York City by mail by February 1 preceding the summer of study. PLEASE NOTE: ONLY ONE GCA SCHOLARSHIP, FELLOWSHIP OR AWARD MAY BE APPLIED FOR ANNUALLY.
Selection: Selection is by members of the GCA Scholarship Committee and may include additional members who have expertise in field botany. Note that the application for this scholarship and for the GCA Summer Scholarship in Field Botany are the same and will be considered together.
The Garden Club of America offers 28 merit-based scholarships and fellowships in 12 areas related to conservation, ecology, horticulture, and pollinator research. In 2018, more than $308,400 were awarded to 65 scholars.
Follow GCA Scholarships on Twitter for the latest news about pollinators, coastal wetlands, native bird habitats, and much more. Connect to a larger world of horticulture and conservation through the Garden Club of America scholars. Learn more about the GCA Scholarships.


Modern technology in stone treatment may provide benefits but the perceived advantages such as in minimally invasive removal techniques require strong evidence in order to minimise complications whilst optimising their effectiveness.
At the 3rd Meeting of the EAU Section of Urolithiasis (EULIS) which opened today in Alicante, Spain, Evangelos Liatsikos (GR) tackled the pros and cons of new versus standard technologies such as in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
In his Endourological Society lecture titled "Standard, Mini, Ultra-mini, Super mini, micro PCNL: Do we need all this stuff?", he examined both the benefits and downsides of minimally invasive technology, and said that doctors should balance their enthusiasm for new techniques with actual and proven evidence.
"There is some evidence that in smaller tracts cases there are less bleeding complications, but further studies need to evaluate this issue," he said, adding that although his statements may sound provocative there remains the need for evidence-based medicine.
He mentioned that on the issue of lower blood loss, the jury is still out since the studies that looked into this issue were burdened with selection bias.
He also added that flexible ureteroscopy should be preferred over minimally invasive PCNL in small burden stones as it is associated with less morbidity and higher stone-free rates.
But he conceded that there remains a significant role for minimally invasive techniques such as in cases of small stone burden when retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is less likely to be effective.
"Minimally invasive PCNL can also be considered as a secondary track in complex cases requiring more than one access, in paediatric cases and in Endoscopic Combined Intra Renal Surgery, " he said.
In the plenary discussion that followed, he further clarified his position and said that a critical eye needs to be cast on new technology since only evidence-based studies can really prove their effectiveness. But achieving this also require a consensus on what consists minimally invasive procedures, a thorny question since there is still no collective agreement on the definitions and scope of minimally invasive treatments.


The small black houses in Balemartine are situated just above the beach and sea.
Tiree, The Land of Corn, lies some 60miles from the mainland of Scotland and, along with the Isle of Coll, is the most remote of the Inner Hebrides. The ever present sea, abundance of wildlife, black & white cottages and friendly atmosphere make Tiree a great holiday destination. For more, click to the Tiree overview & history page.


Instagram users will have noticed that their posts aren't being seen by as many people as when our feeds were in chronological order. The reason for this being is that Instagram now promotes more "enjoyable" content, instead of just what's new.
How do they determine what's most enjoyable?
When you upload a new post, it is only shown to a small percentage of your followers. The Instagram algorithm measures how quickly and how often this group engages (likes, comments, shares and bookmarks) with your post. It then compares the engagement on your new post with that of your older ones posted at a similar time.
Instagram limits the visibility of your new post if the engagement is below average. It prevents your post from being shown to all of your followers and pushing it further down their feed because it is considered "less enjoyable".
If the engagement on your post is higher than average, they share it with more people increasing the likelihood of being higher in people's feeds & on the explore page.
Below are some actionable tips for you to organically increase the engagement on your Instagram page.
Don't just post for posting sake. All posts should be carefully planned as we now know the detrimental effects the algorithm can have on your posts' exposure.
Find out more about your target audience. What type of images are they double tapping on? What accounts and hashtags are they following? When are they most active? Generally the best times to post are 7 – 8 am in the morning (people like to scroll through their feed during the morning commute); 12:30 – 2pm (lunchtime) and then 6 – 8pm in the evening. Again these are just general suggestions. The best times might vary depending on your target audience. For example students may be active on Instagram from as early as 4 pm.
Post regularly; at least 4 times a week.
Start using stories and live streams. This sends notifications to your followers and Instagram boosts your live stream to the top of the app.
Join or create a POD. Similar to decks on twitter.
Competitions in relation to your content or business.
Make use of hashtags on all your posts. You can use up to 30 of them! Also, people can now follow hashtags. So it may help to tell your audience to follow a special hashtag you've made for yourself as well as hashtags people might already be following.
Comment on other people's posts. GaryVee suggested spending 10 minutes a day doing this to authentically grow your followers and engagement on your Instagram by becoming a part of the community. Watch the video here.


I am a Cornish artist who has spent many years developing my distinctive style so that today, my work is instantly recognisable. Being self-taught has been advantageous - my style has not been moulded but has evolved. It has not been influenced by the work of others but has become uniquely my own by the processes of practice, development, persistence, trial and error.
A lot of the inspiration for my work comes from the photographs that I take whilst out kayaking and walking along the coast and rivers of this beautiful County. I portray what I see with innocence and simplicity, using the vibrant colours of acrylic paint to create my view of the world.
I hope you enjoy seeing the world through my eyes – it's such a wonderful and happy place.


text:
Der Ritt auf dem Tiger – Live at Cinema Oblo (2008)
3 mars 2019 Mordor Articles 0
"[…T]he final age is called the Kali Yuga (Dark Age). Its essential quality is emphatically said to be a climate of dissolution, in which all the forces – individual and collective, material, psychic, and spiritual – that were previously held in check by a higher law and by influences of a superior order pass into a state of freedom and chaos. The texts of Tantra have a striking image for this situation, saying that it is the time when Kālī is ʻwide awake'." – Julius Evola, Ride the Tiger.
1. Presentation of "Der Ritt auf dem Tiger" and the two related music videos.
"Der Ritt auf dem Tiger" was originally composed and recorded in 1998 at the request of Collectif EA for their audiovisual piece Julius Evola : Le Chemin du Cinabre based on the spiritual and intellectual autobiography of the Italian metaphysicist. The song was the soundtrack of the part IX titled "Chevaucher le Tigre", inspired by Evola's iconoclastic work Cavalcare la Tigre "Ride the Tiger" published first in 1961 and regarded as "darker than the den of darkness" by the French writer Jean Parvulesco. The full piece was projected by Collectif EA in Switzerland in November 1998, during a colloquium for the centenary of Evola's birth.
1998 Presentation booklet of Collectif EA's audiovisual piece.
Using German lyrics, a quote from the French translation of the book, and a mixture of heavy industrial music and symphonic doom metal, "Der Ritt auf dem Tiger" was later sightly reworked and recorded during a live act in an old cinema in 2008. In spite of inevitable flaws of sound and playing inherent to a real live performance and German mispronunciation, we chose to present this historical version, steeped in a particular atmosphere capable of rendering the Idea behind the song – the most important criterion for us – and musically more accomplished than the original one.
Two music videos have been finally produced to illustrate the topics of the song. The official one is a partial reconstruction of Collectif EA's visual work, using notably art pieces by 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter Caspar David Friedrich, traditional representations of the Hindu warrior goddess Durgā "Impassable", but instead of industry photos and art not in the public domain, scenes from several early 20th-century documentary films about modernity, factories, metropolitan cities, and from 1923 silent movie The Ten Commandments directed by Cecil B. DeMille.
The unofficial music video released by a fan, Shudra Bose, features scenes from Fritz Lang and Thea von Harbou's 1927 German film Metropolis and paintings – chiefly from early 20th-century art movements like Futurism and Cubism – to create impressions and, according to the cento poetic practice, a new narrative related to the human condition in modern world, the doctrine of cosmic cycles outlined by Hesiod and Purano-Tantric Hinduism, the eschatological event Ragnarök, Northern Germanic Paganism and Jötnatrú, more precisely Heljartrú. The original movie itself is certainly not without using symbols, myths and divine figures – even if euhemerized, humanized or "robotized" – from Christianity and other religious traditions.
The dystopia mentioned in Metropolis may illustrate remarkably the fetishisation of modern technology and the point made by Nietzsche in Human, All-Too Human: "The machine, itself a product of the highest mental powers, sets in motion hardly any but the lower, unthinking forces of the men who serve it".
But on a few elements the film is no more futuristic or a matter of science-fiction: due to subsequent developments of modernity like postmodernity and hypermodernity, it is in some measure obsolete. The modern city configured to mass production with well-defined conflicting social classes like proletariat and bourgeoisie has been replaced by postmodern city, a location where "barbarism" is no longer outside the walls but inside, dedicated to consumerism, leisure activities, and Homo consumericus – buyer and vendor being related –, with a social stratification defined on the basis of purchasing power and ruled by a globalist false elite, the "superclass", exercising the real power with the help of useful peons. Those who do not want or can not play the game are marginalized or ruthlessly suppressed, in one way or another. Needless to say, in a world dominated by the marketplace, there is no room for a so-called unproductive activity like a real and deep spiritual quest.
1928 Advertisement for the film Metropolis,
from Archives New Zealand
2. Modernity, postmodernity, hypermodernity…
Modernity – in a narrow sense, because its roots are considerably older – was born with reason regarded as the only valid means of knowledge and growth of sciences and technology, that are essential prerequisites for massive industrialization, mass production and building of "great truths" founded on materialism, scientism and the ideology of unlimited progress. Postmodernity is marked by the flexible, the moving, globalization and the anonymous, universal type of the consumer, but also by the partial deconstruction of the metanarratives of modernity and the final rejection of the idea of the past and traditions as a referent point, replaced with fashion and an impetuous headlong rush.
In our vision, hypermodernity is dominated by digital, persuasive, information and communications technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, gadgets, electronic media, online social networks, indiscriminate mass surveillance, and aspires to a convergence between biology and sophisticated technologies, with the hope of restoring or enhancing mind and physiology as in transhumanism – latest manifestation of capitalism – and cyborgs; man dreams of being only a brain in a machine, trying to make technically possible the impossible and for those who can afford it when it will be feasible, to achieve a hypothetical physical immortality, paving the way for an unprecedented totalitarianism.
The modern devotion for sciences with their logic and methodology restricting reality to a narrow field – based for instance on the axiom "real is what is measurable with reproducible experiences" – forgets that they are produced by a worldview, being the result of historical background connected to a particular sociocultural environment and institutions, and that in turn, they generate ideologies shaping the society and are used by ideologists. Despite their claim to objectivity, sciences are made by human beings with subjective experience[1] and their own conscious or unconscious schedule. They are often funded by and in service of powers like states or individual, corporate interests, even concealed under the guise of Universal Good. The totalitarian cognitive tendency inherent to the paradigms and methodologies of sciences is however hardly ever questioned.
The"Man-Machine" from 1927 film Metropolis.
3. Of Tantrism and the "differentiated man"
Nevertheless, the different stages of modernity and its alienation desired by most people must not obliterate the primordial fact that in the opinion of Tantrism[2] the utmost potentiality and specificity of the human state of being is the possibility to achieve mokṣa, the spiritual liberation and deconditioning of one's being. Kulārṇava Tantra (1. 16) says: "Human birth, ladder to liberation, is difficult to obtain. Who is more to be pitied than he who gets this birth and yet does not liberate himself?"
Tantrism's worldview especially in Śākta oriented schools emphasizes Śakti "power, energy", the kinetic and active aspect depicted as female of the ultimate reality – Śiva being the static and immutable male aspect –, and contends according to a spiritual perspective that we are currently in a dark age, called Kali Yuga in Hinduism, Iron Age by Hesiod, a time when black goddesses like Kālī are fully awake and where only practices founded on śakti, physical, subtle and imaginal bodies are regarded as really efficient.
Considering this, Evola in Ride the Tiger suggests to a rare differentiated human type involved in the modern world existential orientations based on some fundamental ideas borrowed mainly from Nietzsche and Tantric Left-Hand Path (Vāmamārga).[3] This spiritual path often misunderstood may use antinomian practices and tamasic ingredients (or substitutes, or "internalized" ones) in a ritualistic context to attain mokṣa,[4] but this means owning the ability needed "to transform the poison into medicine". Otherwise to mention an example from Kulārṇava Tantra, "if by the mere drinking of wine one were to attain perfection, all drunkard-creatures would be perfect" (2. 117), and the final result could be quite different from the one expected.
Śmaśāna Kālī standing on Śiva, unknown author.
Therefore, Tantrism uses a human typology – similar to the Gnostic one – based on the theory of the three guṇa-s ("qualities, tendencies") to make a distinction between people informed by either paśubhāva "domesticated animal disposition/state", i.e. the worldly man "bound by bonds", vīrabhāva "heroic disposition", or divyabhāva "divine disposition". Only the two latter types are considered to be qualified for Tantrism, but those inmost dispositions are not static and an individual can progress from the lower to the higher category if the practices adapted to his temperament are successful.
Likewise, the differentiated man[5] according to Evola is characterized by "an existential dimension not present in the predominant human type of recent times – that is, the dimension of transcendence". The possible use of tamasic ingredients should not lead to some sort of inferior psychic dissolution, but rather to allow contact with a superior dimension of reality if not to enstasis. As in our society this man can no longer count on traditional organizations, structures, initiation (transmission of a "spiritual influence" allowing the entrance in an esoteric path, dīkṣā in Tantrism) and guides like guru to achieve mokṣa, he must therefore rely first on his idiosyncratic capacities and often conduct at his own risk a solitary quest – important difference with Tantrism. This problematic situation is the inevitable consequence of the dissolution in the spiritual and social fields, with the destruction of holistic societies, domination of the economic sphere and the rise of atomized individuals and masses. The way of the differentiated man represents a radical answer to extreme circumstances and has not a safe character, as the outcome is unpredictable: it is like walking on the sharp edge of a sword or holding the neck of a tiger. In the current nihilistic spiritual climate, there is little guarantee of success, but even in the case of failure his life at least will have been validly used.
A a support, he can meditate deeply on his own mortality and that of material forms (contemplatio mortis, "contemplation of death"), considering "every day as the last of his individual existence", an attitude helping to redefine choices, behaviors and priorities in everyday life. The differentiated man may remember too the teaching given by don Juan[6] to Carlos Castaneda: "Death is the only wise advisor that we have. Whenever you feel, as you always do, that everything is going wrong and you're about to be annihilated, turn to your death and ask if that is so. Your death will tell you that you're wrong; that nothing really matters outside its touch."
"Death descends upon the city!", from 1927 film Metropolis.
Ride the Tiger is not directly a practical handbook, even if it reflects in many aspects Evola's life and constitutes in a way a return to his youthful radical approach rejecting the existing world and its values, when he was involved in the avant-garde and anti-bourgeois art movement Dadaism. It is essentially an analysis of Nietzsche's philosophy, contemporary nihilism, existentialism, phenomenology, death and the right over life, utilization of entheogens and sex became autonomous, dissolution in action in different fields: individuality, knowledge, consciousness, moral, modern art, sociopolitical, spirituality and so forth.
The possible benefits of this situation for a differentiated man are considered; it thus includes some guidelines such as "acting without desire", "being oneself", not for a narcissistic purpose or as a slogan used by publicists but in a Nietzschean way "to assume his own being into a willing", and apoliteia (complete detachment and non-participation in politics, "the inner distance unassailable by the current society and its principles") that are still valid, inspiring, and adapted to the postmodern situation, even if some ones may require an updating.
For instance, Evola in a subchapter dedicated to modern music and jazz notes two musical developments only apparently opposed: intellectualisation, with the propensity to abstraction since the end of Romantic period in Western classical music, conducting to an elimination of the human world of passions, and physicality, with the predominance of dance music arousing and stirring the body.
In his time, classical composers like Igor Stravinsky with his work The Rite of Spring, compositions with machine-age aesthetic like Iron Foundry by Alexander Mosolov and Arthur Honegger's Pacific 231, atonality and later dodecaphony (Second Viennese School: Arnold Schönberg, Anton von Webern, Alban Berg…), Pierre Schaeffer's musique concrète, John Cage and aleatoric music, jazz, Charleston dance, boogie-woogie, beat music and rock 'n' roll were iconic figures of these tendencies, marking a musical resurgence of the substratum of primordial forces of nature, with often an underlying orgiastic element, a sort of eager Dionysian quest.
La musica (1911-1912), painting by Luigi Russolo,
probably the father of noise music.
However most of these styles, if they have not disappeared into the limbo of history, have emerged today from marginality and have become either academic, consensual or popular, losing the impact of sonic, verbal, visual, sociocultural and ideological transgression usable in the Left-Hand Path. Over time, that which was culturally seditious and fierce has become suitable to turn a profit. Art has long since ceased to obey traditional aesthetic canons given by deities, ancestors or spirits. Thus according to Andy Warhol's famous formula summarizing very well the alliance between art and capitalism: "Being good in business is the most fascinating kind of art. Making money is art and working is art and good business is the best art."
The status of the artist in the modern world is significant by its paradoxical side: he is officially so often at the forefront of subversion with the blessing of authorities or submitted to entertainment industry that it possible to speak about a "tradition of subversion" and "institutionalized rebellion", far away from a possible Nietzschean revaluation of all classes of values. As postmodernity has an important capacity to absorb, soften and twist transgression to make commercially and socially acceptable products to serve the logic of consumption, artists in the end fully contribute to the making of "sham objects". Revolt and existential attitude are thus neutralized and reduced to a simulacra, as nature is for the modern world.
Consequently, a differentiated man receptive to the power of sounds and speech should be now interested above all in authentic dark music in its most radical, controversial, unassimilable forms.[7] To paraphrase Robin Cook, a crime writer quoted by Maurice Dantec, the link between dark music and philosophy lies in the fact that the experience considered essential by both is the place of death in life. Such styles as (non-exhaustive list) extreme subgenres of heavy metal (black/death/funeral-drone doom metal…), industrial, noise, power electronics, some gothic, neofolk, ambient, experimental, electronic music may offer to a differentiated man nourishment and elemental, ecstatic possibilities, a sonic equivalent of the harsh and primordial landscapes in nature.
The Sea of Ice (1823-1824) by Caspar David Friedrich.
"Those who truly meditate on Thee, the Spouse of Hara, who art seated in the cremation-ground strewn with funeral pyres, corpses, skulls, and bones, and haunted by female jackals howling fearfully; who art very youthful, and art in full enjoyment upon Thy Spouse, are revered by all and in all places."
"If by night, Thy devotee unclothed, with dishevelled hair, recites whilst meditating on Thee Thy mantra when with his Śakti youthful, full-breasted, and heavy-hipped, such an one makes all powers subject to him, and dwells on the earth ever a seer."
Karpūrādi-Stotra 8/10, translated by Arthur Avalon, 1922.[8]
4. Credits
"Der Ritt auf dem Tiger" is dedicated to Julius Evola and his masterpiece Ride the Tiger.
Mordor were at the time of this recording:
Scorh Anyroth – voice, guitar, machines, noises
Dam Gomhory – bass, voice, machines
S3th – guitar
ᛦAlghor Dursan – sound engineer
Industrial field recordings for the opening section by H.G., 1998.
Recorded live in August 2008 by ᛦAlghor Dursan at Cinéma Oblò in Lausanne, Switzerland; mixed in 2018 at Dark Sound Studio.
Music by Scorh, 1998/2008; words by Scorh/H.G., 1998.
Official music video by Vorknasor/Scorh, 2019.
Unofficial music video edited by Shudra Bose, 2019.
[1] Scientists do not escape neither triality of subject, object and their relation nor that human apprehension of the world is a representation, even in their monistic attempt to solve the problem of awareness by considering it eventually an epiphenomenon of matter. A Gnostic viewpoint is not primarily interested in the rough description, rearrangement, prediction and manipulation of the physical (matter, energy, or quantum entities), psychic elements and forces constituting the universe, the "prison" where we are locked up, or improvements in detention conditions, but to escape from it, or more precisely by the recognition that there is ultimately no jail, no screw, no prisoner, but only the ineffable One.
About traditional knowledge like metaphysics, myths, magic, medicine… regarded as psychosis, obscurantism, or creations of an infantile "primitive mind", the arrogant attitude of most scientists and supporters of the "open society" is not really different from that imperialist of colonial era, convinced of the intrinsic superiority of its religion, civilization, science and methodology. Thus the pejorative term voodoo science is regularly used to describe "junk science", voodoo meaning a magical solution of little value to a problem, which is both an insult and a deep ignorance of what is Voodoo.
[2] Tantrism and Hinduism are not native terms but constructs of Western scholarship or writers by external observers like Orientalists, although "Hindu" was already used before by Greeks, Persians and Muslims; we employ them for convenience and keep the word Tantra to denote a category of traditional scriptures. A narrow definition of Tantrism could be "esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism"; however, there is a popular Tantrism and influences are present in Jainism and other religious traditions. Its area is not limited to its country of origin, India, but also covers Nepal, Tibet…
Tantrism should be not confused with recently built Neotantra or Navatantra focused frequently on "spiritual sex", hedonism, or contemporary ideological, societal and political utilization. If sex and aesthetic pleasure may be actually used in the Left-Hand Path, there are means, not an end in themselves; Tantrism's primary concern is not sexual freedom, personal fulfillment and well-being, but mokṣa, spiritual liberation. Most of the Sanskrit vocabulary and conceptions quoted here are from Hindu Tantrism (or Tantric Hinduism if preferred), a branch of Hinduism or sanātana dharma "Lex Perennis", composed of a plurality of paths, methods, worships and philosophical points of view, from materialism to non-duality.
[3] Vāmamārga "left path" or Vāmācāra "left-handed attainment" (alternatively the first word could be not vāma "left, pleasant, fair", but vāmā "woman") is not the only Tantric way; Dakṣiṇācāra "right-handed attainment" is another possibility, not engaged in heterodox practices. Kulārṇava Tantra states that the Siddhānta is superior to the Left-Hand Path and that "there is nothing superior to Kulācāra", a kind of dialectical synthesis between Left-Hand and Right-Hand paths. For Kashmiri metaphysicist Abhinavagupta, the Trika school is still superior to the Kaula path.
If very few Westerners like Sir John Woodroffe, Alain Daniélou, Mircea Eliade or Leopold Fischer were able to be deeply immersed in traditional Hinduism and in some cases Tantrism, the way of the differentiated man draws its inspiration from Tantric Left-Hand Path's worldview but does not claim to be Tantric. Unlike Agehananda Bharati, Evola in The Yoga of Power was "not even dreaming" of importing directly Tantrism in the West, since it is closely linked with a specific spiritual, cultural and linguistic context – although Sanskrit is member of the Indo-European family of languages –, and opportunities of "conversion" are scarce. The aim is not to sink into powerless cultural appropriation, "spiritual tinkering" typical of the second religiosity or innocent and inefficient parody. For Westerners, there are some possibilities offered by their own ancient esoteric, magico-religious traditions, even recovered, reconstructed or "revealed" again. The contribution of the last surviving religions of Proto-Indo-European (as Hinduism and Zoroastrianism) or Finno-Ugric origin could be also relevant.
[4] Mokṣa or mukti is not the product of an act or non-act but the nonconceptual recognition of one's true Self (ātman) identical to the ultimate reality, the Absolute (brahman, ādi paraśakti or paramaśiva), the incommensurable principle of all manifestation, normally covered by the veil of spiritual ignorance (pauruṣa ajñāna or avidyā), karman "action, deed" and its imprints, innate mala-s "impurities, dirt" bounding the individual self, forgetting of our "divine" natural state (sahaja niṣṭa) trough misidentification with the limitations of mind and body… The purpose of the practices is to dissolve all these impediments to realize mokṣa, to regain the original nonrelational awareness (cit) free from any sort of conditioning, including means (upāya-s) to achieve it. Put differently: it is the permanent experience of the essential unity of Śakti and Śiva, the identity of object and subject, or more accurately, direct gnōsis that they are correlative and devoid of ipseity: in the end there is neither subject nor object but only brahman.
Consequences of mokṣa are liberation from the tyranny of the pair of opposites and from the repetitive cycle of death and birth, svātantrya "absolute freedom" and supreme autonomy. The ultimate reality being absolute freedom has the power to negate itself, causing the worlds to appear like a "cosmic deception". According to Mahānirvāṇa Tantra (14. 115), "man becomes liberated by the knowledge that he himself is brahman". Definition of mokṣa can vary depending on the Hindu schools.
[5] Man is used here in the sense of a person whether male or female, or possibly both. Likewise, "he" when not referring to a male being is employed traditionally for an individual of unspecified gender instead of "he/she" or "s/he".
[6] Don Juan may not be an organic being but an inorganic one from non-ordinary reality, or Casteneda's didactic creation to explain his own experiences and philosophy, a Platonic noble lie; what really matters for a differentiated man is the practical value of Castaneda's teachings and terminology.
[7] Some metanarratives still playing presently a major role are never questioned by science, art and deconstruction, which is even used to produce new paradigms and ideologies, and often forgets to deconstruct its own assumptions, lacking the possibility to realize ultimately the emptiness (in the Mādhyamaka meaning) of any opinion and proposition. Various secular dogmas have acquired in the modern world nearly a religious status similar to myths and taboos in traditional societies, except that they are pure human constructs and do not refer to something superior, suprahuman.
Myths are originally not fictions but nonhuman revelations received, directly perceived (śruti, "what is heard"), and then orally transmitted, recorded and possibly distorted by men. According to the Ceylonese Tamil metaphysicist Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, myth is "the penultimate truth, of which all experience is the temporal reflection. The mythical narrative is of timeless and placeless validity, true nowhere and everywhere". Only very few authors, artists, marginal people and musical styles even in the underground scene dare to challenge status quo in modern society and are not converted into merchandise and subject to recuperation serving the industrial production of codified differences.
[8] Tantras are often deliberately obscure and may use "twilight" or "intentional, secret" speech, a kind of code language offering the possibility of several levels of interpretation.
The Black Priestess of Kālī – Live at La Dolce Vita (1997)
The Way of Nihilism – Thematic compilation (1993)


text:
Q: Partition of N into infinite number of infinite disjoint sets? Is it possible to have a countable infinite number of countable infinite sets such that no two sets share an element and their union is the positive integers?

A: Let
$$
A_0 = \lbrace 1,3,5,7,9,\ldots \rbrace
$$
and
$$
A_1 = \lbrace 2^n 1 : n \in \mathbb{N} \rbrace,
$$
$$
A_2 = \lbrace 2^n 3 : n \in \mathbb{N} \rbrace,
$$
$$
A_3 = \lbrace 2^n 5 : n \in \mathbb{N} \rbrace,
$$
$$
A_4 = \lbrace 2^n 7 : n \in \mathbb{N} \rbrace,
$$
$$
A_5 = \lbrace 2^n 9 : n \in \mathbb{N} \rbrace,
$$
$$
\cdots.
$$
Noting that for any two distinct elements $r_1$ and $r_2$ of $A_0$ it holds $2^{n_1}r_1 \neq 2^{n_2}r_2$ $\forall n_1,n_2 \in \mathbb{N}$, we have that the $A_i$ are disjoint. On the other hand, let $2k$, with $k \in \mathbb{N}$, be an arbitrary even natural number. Considering its prime factorization, it is necessarily of the form $2k = 2^n r$, where $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and $r \in A_0$. Hence $2k \in \cup _{i = 1}^\infty  A_i$, from which it follows that $\cup _{i = 1}^\infty  A_i = \lbrace 2,4,6,8,10,\ldots \rbrace$, and so $\mathbb{N} = \cup _{i = 0}^\infty  A_i$, with all the $A_i$ disjoint and countably infinite.
EDIT: Relation to user6312's answer.
The sets $A_i$, $i = 1,2,3,\ldots$, correspond to the rows
$$
2,4,8,16,32, \ldots,
$$
$$
6,12,24,48,96, \ldots,
$$
$$
10,20,40,80,160, \ldots,
$$
$$
14,28,56,112,224,\ldots,
$$
$$
18,36,72,144,288,\ldots,
$$
$$
\cdots,
$$
while the sets $W_i$, $i=1,2,3,\ldots$, in user6312's answer correspond to the corresponding columns, that is to
$$
2,6,10,14,18,\ldots,
$$
$$
4,12,20,28,36,\ldots,
$$
$$
8,24,40,56,72,\ldots,
$$
$$
16,48,80,112,144,\ldots,
$$
$$
32,96,160,224,288,\ldots,
$$
$$
\cdots.
$$

A: Easily.
Let $P=\{2,3,5,7,11,\ldots\}$ be all the prime numbers. Take for $p\in P$, any prime number let $A_p = \{p^n\mid n\in\mathbb N, n\neq 0\}$ and take $A_1 = \{n\in\mathbb N\mid n \text{ have at least two different prime divisors}\}\cup\{0\}$.
Every $A_i$ is disjoint of the rest, and every natural number has to appear in at least one.
However if one requires the sets to be disjoint then it is possible to show that you cannot split $\mathbb N$ to more than a countable number of disjoint sets.
Suppose $A_i$ for $i\in I$, for some indices set $I$, is a partition of $\mathbb N$ to disjoint sets. Map each $i\in I$ to the minimal $n\in A_i$.
Since $A_i\cap A_j=\varnothing$ we have that the minimal element of $A_i$ cannot be in $A_j$, let alone its minimal element. Since every $A_i$ is non-empty then it has a minimal element. Therefore we have an injective mapping from $I$ into $\mathbb N$ and thus $I$ is countable (countably infinite, or finite in this case).

Another fine example is to take your favourite bijection between $\mathbb N$ and $\mathbb N\times\mathbb N$, call it $f$. Now take $A_n=f^{-1}[\{n\}\times\mathbb N]$, then $A_n\cap A_m=\varnothing$ for $n\neq m$ and easily enough this is a partition as you like. This can be generalized to any cardinal number such that $|A|=|A\times A|$.

A: Let p_n be the nth prime and let A_n be the positive integers whose smallest prime divisor is p_n (throw 1 in with A_1). This is basically applying the sieve of Eratosthenes to the entire set of positive integers.

A: While all of the answers here are obviously excellent, I'll throw in one more: imagine the points of $\mathbb{N}^2$ drawn out as an infinite grid of cells (the positive quadrant of the plane, essentially); then fill the cell $(1,1)$ with $1$, the cells $(2,1)$ and $(1,2)$ with $2$ and $3$, and in general all of the cells $(n,1)$ through $(1,n)$ that sum to $n+1$ with the numbers from $\left({1\over 2}n(n-1)\right)+1$ to ${1\over 2}n(n+1)$.  This provides an easy arithmetic pairing function $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ from $\mathbb{N}^2$ to $\mathbb{N}$, mapping $(i,j)$ to $\langle i,j\rangle = {1\over2}(i+j-2)(i+j-1)+i$ (and with explicitly definable inverse functions $j_0(n), j_1(n)$ such that $\langle j_0(n),j_1(n)\rangle = n$ for all $n$, though I won't write those out); $\mathbb{N}$ can then be partitioned into the sets $\mathbb{N}_k = \left\{\langle k,i\rangle: i\in\mathbb{N}\right\}$.  This is the approach usually taken in recursion theory, in particular, where the explicit $\Delta_0$ definability of the pairing function and its inverses is important.

A: Maybe we can start slowly, by doing a decomposition of $\mathbb{N}$ into $2$ disjoint sets, say the odds and the evens.
Let's now go for a decomposition into $3$ disjoint sets. Leave the odds alone, and decompose the evens into those divisible by $2$ but no higher power of $2$, and those divisible by $4$.  To put it another way, we are using the odds, twice the odds, and the rest.
Continue, and let's introduce some notation.  Let $W_0$ be the set of odd positive integers. Let $W_1$ be the set of positive integers which are $2^1$ times an odd number.  Let $W_2$ be the set of positive integers which are $2^2$ times an odd number.  In general let $W_n$ be the set of integers which are $2^n$ times an odd number.
It is clear that the $W_k$ are all infinite, pairwise disjoint, and that their union is all of $\mathbb{N}$.

A: Sure. For example, let $A_n$ be the natural numbers with exactly $n$ ones in their binary expansion.
Alternately, pick your favorite way of decomposing $\mathbb{N}$ into two disjoint infinite subsets $A, B$, and pick a bijection $f : B \to \mathbb{N}$. Then $f(B)$ can be decomposed into two disjoint subsets $A, B$, hence $B$ can be decomposed into two disjoint subsets $f^{-1}(A), f^{-1}(B)$. Rinse and repeat. This argument is fairly general and works for any infinite set which admits a decomposition into two disjoint subsets of the same cardinality as it (which under the Axiom of Choice is all of them).

A: For each integer $n$ put it in $A_i$ if $i$ is the smallest integer such that $n-i$ is a square. Or you can replace square with any even-degree polynomial with integer coefficients for a whole family. Or you can say n-i must be a prime.
Also:
$A_i$ = all integers with exactly $i$ prime-factors, counting multiplicity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There is lots to see and do at the gallery whether it be exploring the gallery yourself or joining in one of the many events and activities.
It is advisable to book any activities or talks you wish to come along to as numbers can be limited. We look forward to welcoming you to the gallery.


text:
Snakes. Why did it have to be snakes?
I told you I didn't think I was Irish
By Mike in History and Culture
Image: Joseph Barrientos via Unsplash
According to the Interwebz where everything is true, today is "National Awkward Moments Day."
And I don't have a thing to wear.
Which, when you think about, could be really awkward.
Go ahead. Bleach the eyes. I'll wait.
What I want to know is who decided that today would be "National Awkward Moments Day?"
Is this yet another Hallmark and retail store conspiracy to get us to spend money we don't have? Again, that would be awkward.
Why does everything we do have to have a its own special day?
In the world where I grew up, every day is "Awkward Moments Day."
Trust me, I'm 56-years-old and there are awkward moments from my life that are seared in my memory.
I don't need a day to remind me about them.
Mark Twain said:
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt.
Maybe that's why I'm an introvert.
Sometimes it's just safer to keep quiet.
Except, of course, when the silence is awkward.
Support me in The Massey Challenge.
Everything is Awkward, National Awkward Moments Day


text:
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Rental Lease Agreement
Rape is a form of sexual assault. Sexual assault is an assault of a sexual nature on another person. Under criminal law rape is defined as forcible sexual relations with a person against that person's will. "To the lay person, rape is generally construed to mean total consummation of the act of sexual intercourse, committed forcibly and with complete penetration"[i].
Rape is considered a crime against humanity and a war crime. Perpetrators of rape include: strangers, acquaintances, neighbors, superiors, legal entities or family members. Victim of a rape can be men or women. A woman can be convicted of raping a man, a man can be convicted of raping a man, and a woman can be convicted of raping another woman. Female abusers are usually seen as less culpable than male rapists by the courts.
The U. S. Code[ii] described the crime of rape under a more comprehensive term sexual abuse. Two types of sexual assault are defined in the code:
sexual abuse; and
aggravated sexual abuse.
Sexual abuse occurs when an individual is forced to engage in sexual activity by use of threats, other fear tactics, or instances in which an individual is physically unable to decline. Aggravated sexual abuse occurs when an individual is forced to submit to sexual acts by use of physical force, threats of death injury, kidnapping, or substances rendering an individual unconscious or impaired. Aggravated sexual abuse includes three types:
A person who knowingly causes another person to engage in a sexual act by using force against that other person, threatening or placing that other person in fear that any person will be subjected to death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping or attempts to do so, shall be fined and imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both.
A person who knowingly renders another person unconscious and thereby engages in a sexual act with that other person; administers to another person by force or threat of force or without the knowledge or permission of that person a drug, intoxicant, or other similar substance; thereby substantially impairs the ability of that other person to appraise or control conduct; and then engages in a sexual act with that other person or attempts to do so, shall be fined and imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both
A person knowingly engages in a sexual act with another person who has not attained the age of twelve years, or knowingly engages in a sexual act with another person who has attained the age of twelve years but has not attained the age of sixteen years (and is at least four years younger than the person so engaging), or attempts to do so, shall be fined and imprisoned for not less than 30 years or for life[iii].
Rape laws in the U. S . vary from state to state. Most states choose to label the crime of rape as sexual assault. All states define rape without reference to the sex of the victim and the perpetrator. In some jurisdictions the term used is criminal sexual conduct and in some other rape is defined as sexual penetration.
Generally, the offense of rape is:
forced sexual intercourse;
sexual intercourse against the victim's will and without his/ her consent;
sexual intercourse when the victim is mentally or physically incapacitated; and
sexual intercourse when the victim is under the age of consent
The absence of consent to sexual intercourse on the part of the victim is essential to constitute the offense of rape. Consent need not be expressed. Consent can be implied from the context and from the relationship of the parties. However, absence of objection does not of itself constitute consent. Moreover, duress leads to the presumption of lack of consent. When a victim lacks an actual capacity to give consent, valid consent is lacking. A child; and a person who has mental impairment, or development disability cannot give consent.
Sexual intercourse with a person below the age at which s/he cannot legally consent to such relations is known as statutory rape. Other types of rapes include: date rape, gang rape, marital rape, prison rape, acquaintance rape and war rape. The victim does not have to be penetrated to be raped. The perpetrator can use objects to stimulate the genitals. Moreover, rape is not always done for sexual satisfaction of the perpetrator. Other motives for rape include; blackmail, punishment, curiosity, money, and power.
Majority of rapes are committed by persons known to the victim. The initiation and process of a rape investigation depends the victim's willingness and ability to report and describe a rape. The legal requirements for reporting rape vary by jurisdiction.
In the U.S., rape is often called criminal sexual conduct in the first degree. First degree rape, the elements of which include engaging in sexual intercourse with a person by forcible compulsion and using or threatening to use a deadly weapon. The elements of second degree rape include sexual intercourse with another by forcible compulsion. Second degree rape, does not require the State to prove the use or threatened use of a deadly weapon[iv].
[i] Perez-Amaya v. Commonwealth, 2006 Va. App. LEXIS 569 (Va. Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2006).
[ii] 18 USCS § 2241.
[iii] Id.
[iv] State v. Brown, 127 Wn.2d 749, 754 (Wash. 1995).
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Sailing is a fun, safe, available and affordable recreation that welcomes participation from folks of all experiences, many years and capabilities. There are lots of methods for getting were only available in sailing through find Sailing and a range of options for you to continue sailing at groups while you build your skills, knowledge and confidence.
Sailing groups can be obtained on the shore, rivers and inland ponds in a few spectacular areas around the country. You can find almost 400 sailing groups around Australia with more than 60, 000 licensed club people and 100, 000 folks on a regular basis participating in the sport.
You don't want to acquire a motorboat to savor cruising. You can find groups offering ships and watercraft owners seeking staff. You don't have to be an associate to get going in sailing because most of the find Sailing products tend to be accessible for people who are not people in groups.
Personal sailing – Non-competitive participation that involves only choosing a sail.
Rushing – several boats going round a course in a competitive framework. You can find various competitors, from much more personal or introductory race to really serious national and worldwide regattas.
Ocean rushing – a kind of competitive sailing which takes place off-shore. One of the most famous sea rushing occasions on earth could be the Rolex Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.
Having some knowledge of different types of ships available will allow you to decide what types of sailing best you prefer.
There are numerous designs of cruising ships, from children's dinghies that cost only some hundred bucks, to maxi yachts and sea cruisers really worth millions. Some clubs will specialise in a single kind plus some will offer you a number. In general, cruising boats fall under three wide groups – Dinghies, Keelboats and Powerboats – but you will find countless several types of vessel within each – called courses.
Sailors utilize conventional nautical terms the areas of or directions on a vessel: starboard (right), port (left), forward or fore (front), aft or abaft (rearward), bow (forward area of the hull), stern (aft an element of the hull), and beam (the widest component).
Like many activities, sailing offers a path for brand new participants to utilize as helpful information to building knowledge, abilities and self-confidence.
The Sailing Pathway has actually 10 actions and it is applicable to participants of all of the backgrounds, many years and abilities, in different types of ships. The first few levels introduce new individuals into the sport, the advanced amounts are for people who need race at their club and attain outcomes locally, and beyond that we now have a variety of further choices including powerful and intercontinental competition.
Protection plays an important part throughout activities, none way more than sailing.
Weather is an important aspect of sailing, not really much the heat or exactly how bright it should be, although wind energy and course.


Ria is a super skinny ring, topped with a random collection of circular forms. Inspired by the tiny grains of metal in traditional jewellery work, these ring tops remind me of rocks piled on a beach.
Each one will be slightly different, it would be impossible to repeat the same forms exactly, in the same way rocks will always fall differently from a cliff.
These do stack, depending on how the buttons are scattered, but are very cute as a stand alone ring. If you want to stack them send me an email with your order and I will cluster the forms at one end.


Probably will wish I had walked this morning, cool weather is coming in, there is a "freeze warning" for this area.
I am definitely ready to get back into walking.
Returning to normal life routine today. Lift has changed more than expected from a week ago due to Aliene's leg fracture.
Anytime I hear about "minor injuries", I will now realize the impact of a "minor injury". It changes your complete life. Aliene is seeing the Doctor today, hopefully it is just a minor fracture and not a break or other problem that takes surgery.
One of the more difficult things to do is to insure that I don't get back into "normal" life and not ponder what I learned at the conference.
This is really an excellent conference and had a lot of good sessions.
I think the main theme was that local government is where innovation and progress will be made in the future since the federal and state governments have turned into partisan bickering with vicious attempts to "punish" people and further income and wealth disparity by programs benefit the wealthy, suppressing voting and gerrymandering and the huge impact of being able to buy votes with secret contributions etc.
They aren't interested in progress, just ripping off the government for as many tax dollars and punishing policies for "persons not like them". A real sick bunch of people.
Focusing on the positive, since the local government is closest to the people it can also have the most positive impact.
As I mentioned, that is the beauty of the ICMA program, where I write down how I might use what I learned.
We had been rather worried about the flight back, but it went fine. They are used to dealing with persons who may have limited mobility and do an excellent job of handling it.
I attended the "qualifying" for the Formula 1 race. Even the "qualifying" day was a real circus and I enjoyed even the limited amount of time I attended.
I was surprised to note that the cars seem to go faster than they go on TV and I really don't know how they can actually drive the cars at the speed they do, especially around some of the curves.
Of course the first thing I am doing is watching a copy of the session I attended since I made sure I copied it! Its is even more interesting when I have actually been there and can noted some of the things I missed!
Back to work today. Difficult to believe the time I had been waiting for so long is over so quickly.