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Design Guidelines for Embedded Real-Time Face Detection Applications
Algorithms, Articles, CEVA, Face Detection, Processors, Technical Articles / June 2, 2011 February 5, 2020
By Eldad Melamed
Project Manager, Video Algorithms
To read this article as a pdf file, click here.
Much like the human visual system, embedded computer vision systems perform the same visual functions of analyzing and extracting information from video in a wide variety of products.
In embedded portable devices such as Smartphones, digital cameras, and camcorders, the elevated performance has to be delivered with limited size, cost, and power. Emerging high-volume embedded vision markets include automotive safety, surveillance, and gaming. Computer vision algorithms identify objects in a scene, and consequently produce one region of an image that has more importance than other regions of the image. For example, object and face detection can be used to enhance video conferencing experience, management of public security files, content based retrieval and many other aspects.
Cropping and resizing can be done to properly center the image on a face. In this paper we present an application that detects faces in a digital image, crops the selected main face and resizes it to a fixed size output image (see figure 1).
The application can be used on a single image or on a video stream, and it is designed to run in real time. As far as real-time face detection on mobile devices is concerned, appropriate implementation steps need to be made in order to achieve real-time throughput.
This paper presents such steps for real-time deployment of a face detection application on a programmable vector processor. The steps taken are general purpose in the sense that they can be used to implement similar computer vision algorithms on any mobile device.
Figure 1 – CEVA face detection application
While still image processing consumes a small amount of bandwidth and allocated memory, video can be considerably demanding on today's memory systems. At the other end of the spectrum, memory system design for computer vision algorithms can be extremely challenging because of the extra number of processing steps required to detect and classify objects. Consider a thumbnail with 19×19 pixels size of face pattern. There are 256361 possible combinations of gray values only for this tiny image, which impose extremely high dimensional space. Because of the complexities of face images, explicit description of the facial feature has certain difficulties; therefore other methods which are based on a statistical model have been developed. These methods consider a human face region as one pattern, construct a classifier by training a lot of "Face" and "non-face" samples, and then determine whether the images contains human faces by analyzing the pattern of the detection region.
Other challenges that face detection algorithms must overcome are: pose (frontal, 45 degree, profile, upside down), presence or absence of structural components (beards, mustaches, glasses), facial expression, occlusion (faces may be partially occluded by other objects), image orientation (face appearance directly vary for different rotations about the camera's optical axis), and imaging conditions (lighting, camera characteristics, resolution).
Meeting the constraints for real-time face Detection
Although many face detection algorithms have been introduced in the literature, only a handful of them can meet the real-time constraints of mobile devices. While many face detection algorithms have been reported to generate high detection rates, very few of them are suitable for real-time deployment on mobile devices such as cell-phones due to the computation and memory limitations of these devices.
Normally, real-time implementations of face detection algorithms are done on PC platforms with relatively powerful CPUs and large memory sizes. The examination of the existing face detection products reveal that the algorithm introduced by Viola and Jones in 2001 has been widely adopted. This is a breakthrough work which allowed appearance-based methods to run in real-time, while keeping the same or improved accuracy.
The algorithm uses a boosted cascade of simple features, and can be divided to three main components: (1) Integral graph – efficient convolution for fast feature evaluation; (2) Use Adaboost for feature selection and sort them in the order of importance. Each feature can be used as a simple (weak) classifier; (3) Use Adaboost to learn the cascade classifier (ensemble of weak classifiers) that filters out the regions that most likely do not contain faces. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the cascade of classifiers. Within an image, most sub images are non-face instances.
Based on this assumption we can use smaller and efficient classifiers to reject many negative examples at early stage while detecting almost all the positive instances. More complex classifiers are used at later stage to examine difficult cases.
Example: 24 stages cascade classifier
2 feature classifier in the first stage => rejecting 60% non-faces while detecting 100% faces
5 feature classifier in the second stage => rejecting 80% non-faces while detecting 100% faces
20 feature classifier in stages 3, 4, and 5
50 feature classifier in stages 6 and 7
100 feature classifier in stages 8 to 12
200 feature classifier in stage 13 to 24
Figure 2 – The Cascade of Classifiers
During the first stage of the face detection algorithm, rectangle features can be computed very rapidly using an intermediate representation called integral image. As shown in figure 3 the value of the integral image at point (x,y) is the sum of all the pixels above and to the left. The sum of pixels within D can be computed as 4+1-(2+3).
Figure 3 – Rapid evaluation of rectangular features by integral image
Real-time performance requires parallel processing
To implement a real time face detection application on an embedded device there is a need for a high-level of parallelism, combining instruction-level and data-level parallelism. Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) architectures allow a high level of concurrent instruction processing, providing extended parallelism as well as low power consumption.
Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures enable single instructions to operate on multiple data elements, resulting in code size reduction and increased performance. Using a vector processor architecture accelerates these integral sum calculations by a factor of the parallel number of adders/subtractors. If a vector register can be loaded with 16 pixels, and these pixels can be added to the next vector simultaneously, the acceleration factor is 16. Evidently, adding similar vector processing unit to the processor doubles this factor.
During the next face detection stages, the image is scanned at multiple positions and scales. Adaboost strong classifier (which is based on rectangle features) is applied to decide whether the search window contains a face or not. Again, a vector processor has obvious advantage – the ability to simultaneously compare multiple positions to threshold.
Under the assumption that within an image, most sub images are non-face instances, more available parallel comparators mean faster acceleration.
For example, if the architecture is designed with the ability to compare 2 vectors of 8 elements each in 1 cycle, the rejection of 16 positions sub images will take only 1 cycle. To ease data loading, and to use the vector processor load/store unit efficiently, the positions can be spatially close one to another.
In order to obtain highly parallel code, the architecture should support instruction predication. This enables branches caused by if-then-else constructs to be replaced with sequential code, thus reducing cycle count and code size. Allowing conditional
execution, with the ability to combine conditions, achieve a higher degree of efficiency in control code. Moreover, non-sequential code, such as branches and loops, can be designed with a zero cycle penalty without requiring cumbersome techniques such as dynamic branch prediction and speculative execution that drive up the power dissipation
of RISC processors.
Meeting bandwidth requirements to support real-time performance
One of the key challenges in the application is memory bandwidth. The application needs to scan each frame of the video stream to perform the face detection. A video stream cannot be stored in a tightly-coupled memory (TCM), because of its large data size. For example, 1 high definition frame in a YUV 4:2:0 format consumes 3 Mbytes of data memory.
The high memory bandwidth causes higher power dissipation and involves more expensive DDR memory, contributing to a more-costly bill of materials. An elegant solution is to store the pixels using data tiling, whereby 2-dimensional tiles are accessed from the DDR in a single burst, vastly improving the efficiency of the DDR. Direct memory access (DMA) can transfer data tiles between external memory and the core's memory subsystem. During the final face detection application stage, the sub image that contains the detected face is resized to a fixed size output window.
This process of image resizing is also used during the detection phases, when the image is scanned at multiple scales. Resizing algorithms are widely used in image processing for video up-scaling and down-scaling. The algorithm that is implemented in the face detection application is the bi-cubic algorithm.
Cubic convolution interpolation determines the gray level value from the weighted average of the 16 closest pixels to the specified input coordinates, and assigns that value to the output coordinates. First, four one-dimension cubic convolutions are
performed in one direction (horizontally) and then one more one-dimension cubic convolution is performed in the perpendicular direction (vertically). This means that to implement a two-dimension cubic convolution, a one-dimension cubic convolution is all that is needed.
A vector processor core that has powerful load-store capabilities to quickly and efficiently access the data is a crucial feature for such applications, where algorithms operate on blocks of data. The resizing algorithm optimization can be satisfied by
designing the capability to access 2-dimensional blocks of memory from the memory in a single cycle. This feature allows the processor to efficiently achieve high memory bandwidth without the need to load unnecessary data or burden computational units with performing data manipulations.
Furthermore, a capability to transpose a block of data, during data access, without any cycle penalty, enabling a transposed block of data to be accessed in a single cycle, is extremely practical for the implementation of the horizontal and vertical filters. The horsepower of the processor is a result of its ability to perform powerful convolutions, allowing parallel filters to be performed in a single cycle.
An example for an efficient solution is the loading 4×8 block of bytes in one cycle, and then performing the cubic convolution in the vertical direction using 4 pixels for each iteration. The 4 pixels are pre-ordered in 4 separate vector registers, so we can get 8 results simultaneously.
These intermediate results are then processed at exactly the same, but with loading of the data in a transposed format, so that the horizontal filter is done during the load. In order to preserve results accuracy, initialization with a rounding value and post-shift of the result is needed. The filter configuration should enable these features without requiring a dedicated
instruction.
Overall, this kind of parallel vector processing solution kernel can be balanced between the load/store unit operations and the processing units. Generally, the data bandwidth limitations and the cost of processing units, measured in power consumption and die area, restricts the implementation efficiency; yet it is clear that major acceleration over scalar processor architectures is achieved.
Real-time face detection with the ceva multimedia platform
A Multipurpose, Programmable HD Video and Image Platform for Multimedia Devices, CEVA-MM3000 is a scalable, fully programmable multimedia platform that can be integrated into SoCs to deliver 1080p 60fps video decode and encode, ISP functions and vision applications, completely in software. The platform consists of two specialized processors, a Stream Processor and a Vector Processor, combined into a complete multicore system, including local and shared memories, peripherals, DMA and standard bridges to external busses. This comprehensive multi-core platform was designed specifically to meet low-power requirements for mobile devices and other consumer electronics.
The Vector Processor includes two independent Vector Processing Units (VPUs). The VPUs are responsible for all vector computations. These consist of both inter-vector operations (using single instruction multiple data) and intra-vector operations. The intervector instructions can operate on sixteen 8-bit (byte) elements or eight 16-bit (word)
elements, and can use pairs of vector registers to form 32-bit (double-word) elements. The VPU has the ability to complete eight parallel filters of six taps in a single cycle. While the VPUs serve as the computational workhorse of the Vector Processor, the Vector Load and Store Unit (VLSU) serves as the vehicle for transferring data from/to the Data
Memory Sub-System to/from the Vector Processor. The VLSU has a 256-bit bandwidth for both load and store operations, and supports non-aligned accesses. The VLSU is powered with the capability to access 2-dimensional blocks of data in a single cycle, supporting various block sizes.
Figure 4 – loading a 4×4 block of pixels
To ease the task of the VPUs, the VLSU can flexibly manipulate the structure of the data when reading/writing the vector registers. A block of data can be transposed during data access without any cycle penalty, enabling a transposed block of data to be accessed in a single cycle. The transpose function can be dynamically set or cleared. In this way, the same function can be re-used for both horizontal and vertical filters, saving development and debug time of each filter, while reducing the program memory footprint.
An embedded vision application like face detection with cropping and resizing is one example from the diversity of algorithms that can be efficiently implemented for consumer devices with the CEVA-MM3000 platform. The future predicts growing demand for similar and more complicated applications; all can utilize the programmability and scalability of the CEVA-MM3000 architecture.
For more information, visit the CEVA website at http://www.ceva-dsp.com/products/platforms/mm3000.php.
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Opus Completes Industrial Project in Kane County
The Opus Group has recently completed a 44,000-square-foot industrial expansion in the West Dundee village of Kane County, Ill.
Ioana Neamt
By Ioana Neamt, Associate Editor
King Shan expansion, West Dundee, Ill.
The Opus Group recently completed a 44,000-square-foot industrial expansion in the West Dundee village of Kane County, Ill.
As previously reported by Commercial Property Executive, Minneapolis-based Opus had been working on an expansion for Taiwan-based King Shan LLC. The new facility was erected adjacent to the company's existing 35,000-square-foot building in Oakview Corporate Park, also built by Opus back in 2010.
"It was a pleasure to work with King Shan again as they expand their operations in the U.S.," said Jim Caesar, regional vice president of Opus Design Build. "Returning customers are a true testament to the strong relationships we build with clients and the quality of work we deliver."
King Shan, a manufacturer of steel wire and metal fabrication products, planned to expand its production and distribution operations by adding more space to its only U.S. facility. The new building more than doubles the company's space, with an additional 42,500 square feet of warehouse space and 1,500 square feet of office space. The two buildings are connected via a graded drive aisle and feature 24-foot clear height, three dock doors and a large conference area.
Construction on the project began in the fall of 2014 and was completed in March 2015. Opus Design Build LLC served as the project's design-builder, while Opus AE Group LLC handled architecture and structural engineering.
Image courtesy of The Opus Group
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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At a time when world politics are in a disgraceful state, how should a civilized adult comport himself? That's a question. Dries Van Noten's show came up with a solution that served: Blot out the mayhem, put on a suit, and just concentrate on behaving like the hero you want to be.
There was a collection of voices that accompanied this collection—an aural backdrop of snatches of conversations and interviews with the men Van Noten admires. There was David Bowie, of course: his pleated pants, a flavor of his '80s persona. There was David Hockney, talking about getting up mid-morning in California and going out to see what's around to paint. There was a burst of Jimi Hendrix—cue a riff on tie-dye. Kurt Cobain, Andy Warhol, Francis Bacon, Yves Saint Laurent, David Byrne. And in the middle of it, there was the mordant voice of an Englishman, nailing the state of affairs today. "I think the whole of our society is run by insane people for insane objects," he said. Turned out to be John Lennon, in the '60s.
Plus ça change—and there it was, a purple psychedelic dandy suit as a salute. Van Noten is old enough and wise enough to deal with the turning of the tides with a certain urbane amusement. Dressing well, thinking clearly, keeping a sense of what's important when all around are losing their heads . . . . Well, it's only fashion, but this looked like an admirable way for a man to put his best foot forward.


This week the storms have made a noticeable and devastating impact on our seafront's iconic West Pier. After winds of 70mph a chunk of the burned out frame has collapsed and main supports on the east side have been washed away by rough seas. Now with storms looking to remain persistent throughout the week, will this beloved memory be washed away all together?
The West Pier was first opened in 1866, built by Eugenius Birch. Ironically this Pier was originally built to specifically survive the adverse environment of the seashore, yet once abandoned, it has deteriorated ever since.
In the early 1990's the West Pier was cut off from the shore (partly deliberately, for safety reasons). Battling through storms, the Pier was still offering regular tours until 20th January 2003. A further collapse saw the destruction of the concert hall in the middle of the pier. On 28th March 2003 the pavilion at the end of the pier caught fire, with fire crew unable to save the building from destruction severe damage was caused. The cause of the fire remains unknown, since fire investigators were unable to get access to the site for safety reasons. Many stories hint towards arsonists or perhaps the owners of the Pier being unable to fund it anymore. On 11 May 2003, another fire broke out, consuming most of what was left of the concert hall. When the fire re-ignited on 12th May the West Pier Trust referred to the fires, yet again, as the work of "professional arsonists".
Although various plans put forward to renovate the pier, none have gone ahead. Some local residents opposed those of the West Pier Trust saying it looked like a sculptural monument. Although supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund, local media reported that a major concern was the impact of commercial operations on the shore, The Noble Organization, owner of the Palace Pier, joined the objectors, despite having originally been supporters of the restoration scheme (the 1996 Year of the Pier began from the Palace Pier). Their reported point of view was that subsidized rebuilding, were it to happen, would represent unfair competition. The West Pier Trust said on 15 July 2008 that it was confident the West Pier would be rebuilt; yet as the Pier has suffered another storm-related blow the renovation looks less and less promising.
London and South East England are on amber warning, advised to be ready for high winds for the duration of this week. Last year tens of thousands of sheep and cattle were killed by icy weather during the coldest March for 50 years. Farmers were given £250,000 towards the cost of removing dead animals killed by the 2013 storm. Sussex hasn't had any snow so far but the wind and rain are definitely proving damaging. Farmland and crops have flooded and now we are seeing landmarks literally being washed away. Now attention is on the government and how they are going to compensate the lack of action taken to help seriously flooded areas.
As a proud Brightonian, it is of course sad to see the ever-dilapidating West Pier, plunge to its fate at the bottom of the ocean, or maybe to a scrap metal yard, considering the current political seat of Brighton Pavillion constituency.
This would never happen though because the Grade 1 listed building is not owned by the council, but by The West Pier Trust. Due to a severe lack of funding, limited proposals have been put forward. One popular idea was the i360. But at a time of economic downturn, and the proposed figure in the 10s of millions, it is an idea many people are against.
Many people think the structure is an eye-sore and that it should be demolished. This is the view held by journalist Simon Jenkins, who blames Brighton & Hove Council for "letting it rot in the sea".
The question is what are the options. A poll posted online by The Argus asked readers 'What they would like to see happen to the pier'. The options were 'leave it to the elements', 'demolish it' or 'rebuild it', with 40% of people voting for the elements.
This may come as a surprise (or maybe not, being such a laissez-faire city) but in my opinion, residents and even tourists like the structure as it is, the rugged metal birdcage, and dramatic scene setter. Unlike other seaside resorts like Margate or Blackpool, where everything is built for purpose and of it doesn't serve a purpose, the attitude is to get rid of it.
Well to people like Mr Jenkins (who it may be worth pointing out is from Birmingham) I would say hands off! Lets face it there is nothing you can do to save it. We should enjoy this remarkable piece of history while it lasts.


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Э́рик А́нундсон (Эрик Эймундсон; ; умер в ) — шведский конунг, правивший в IX веке. Шведская энциклопедия Nordisk familjebok считает Эрика одним и тем же лицом с легендарным шведским конунгом Эриком Ведерхаттом.

Биография
В «Саге о Хервёр» Эрик упоминается как сын Анунда Уппсальского:

 Eiríkr hét sonr Önundar konungs, er ríki tók eptir föður sinn at Uppsölum; hann var ríkr konungr. Á hans dögum hófst til ríkis í Noregi Haraldr hárfagri, er fyrstr kom einvaldi í Noreg sinna ættmanna.

 Эйриком звали сына конунга Энунда, который принял государство после своего отца в Уппсале; он был могущественный конунг. В его дни в Норвегии пришёл к власти Харальд Прекрасноволосый, который первым из своего рода стал единовластным правителем в Норвегии.

Снорри Стурлусон называет Эрика, жившего в одно время с Харальдом Хорфагером, Эймундсоном. Но поскольку согласно другим источникам (Римберт и Адам Бременский) предыдущий конунг известен как Анунд, вероятно, более правильной формой отчества является Анундсон. Например, в «Законе Готланда» позднейший конунг Анунд Якоб упоминается под именем Эмунд (Эймунд), равно как и под именем Анунд, поэтому отчество Эрика — не единственный случай смешения этих двух имён.

Согласно «Саге о Хервёр», его предшественником был его отец Анунд Уппсале и дядя Бьёрн из Хоги, а преемником — Бьёрн (отец Эрика Победоносного и Олафа Бьёрнсона). В «Книге о заселении Исландии» говорится, что Эрик и его сын Бьёрн правили во времена понтификатов Адриана II и Иоанна VIII, то есть в период 867—883 гг., время первого заселения Исландии. В «Саге о Харальде Хорфагере» указывается, что Эрик умер, когда Харальд Хорфагер уже в течение десяти лет как был королём всей Норвегии, то есть в 882 году.

Эрик упоминается в нескольких местах «Круга Земного». В «Саге об Олаве Святом» Торгню Лагман сообщает:

 Торгнюр, мой дед, помнил уппсальского конунга Эйрика сына Эмунда. Он рассказывал, что когда тот был в расцвете сил, он каждое лето набирал войско и отправлялся походом в разные страны. Он подчинил себе Финнланд, Кирьяланд, Эйстланд, Курланд и многие земли на востоке. Еще и сейчас можно видеть построенные им земляные укрепления и другие сооружения. Но он все же не был столь высокомерен, чтобы не слушать тех, у кого к нему было важное дело.

В «Саге о Харальде Хорфагере» Снорри Стурлусон говорит, что Эрик также хотел расширить территорию Швеции на запад и иметь королевство столь же обширное, что и у шведского конунга Сигурда Ринга и его сына Рагнара Лодброка (то есть включавшее Раумарике, Вингулмарк и Вестфолл до острова Гренмара). Таким образом, он завоевал Вермланд, Западный Йоталанд и все земли к югу от Свинесунда (современный Бохуслен) и объявил своими берега Викена. Хране Гаутске (Хране Гёта) он назначил ярлом в землях между Свинесундом и Гёта-Эльвом. Население этих территорий признало Эрика своим конунгом.

Когда конунг Харальд Хорфагер приехал в Тёнсберг (в то время торговый город в Викене) из Тронхейма, он узнал об этом и очень разгневался. Он собрал в Фолле тинг и обвинил народ в предательстве, после чего некоторые согласились принять его правление, а некоторые были наказаны. Ему понадобилось всё лето, чтобы заставить Викен и Раумарике признать его власть.

Зимой Харальд узнал, что шведский конунг находился в Вермланде, тогда он пересёк лес Эд и приказал населению устроить торжество в его честь.

Самым влиятельным человеком в этой провинции был бывший воин Хальвдана Чёрного по имени Оке, и он пригласил норвежского и шведского королей в свою усадьбу. Оке построил новую усадьбу рядом со старой, она была построена в той же пышной манере, что и старая, где остались прежние украшения и драпировки.

Когда конунги прибыли, швед был размещён в старой усадьбе, а норвежец — в новой. Норвежский конунг жил в усадьбе с новыми позолоченными сосудами с гравировкой, светлыми, как стекло, и полными лучшей выпивки.

На следующий день конунги собрались уезжать. На прощание Оке отдал на службу Харальду своего двенадцатилетнего сына Уббе. Харальд поблагодарил Оке и обещал поддерживать дружеские отношения.

Тогда Оке отправился к шведскому конунгу, но тот был не в духе. Оке дал ему ценные подарки и сопровождал его по дороге до лесов. Эрик спросил Оке, почему он, его подданный, так по-разному встретил конунгов. Оке ответил, что у Эрика нет причин для осуждения его, потому что он жил в старой усадьбе, так как был стар, а норвежский конунг был в расцвете сил. После этих слов предательства, Эрику ничего не оставалось, как убить нахального и вероломного Оке.

Когда Харальд узнал об этом, он преследовал шведского конунга, пока не догнал его, но это случилось на самой границе Гёталанда, и норвежцы посчитали лучшим возвратиться. После этого Харальд всю следующую осень занимался уничтожением людей шведского конунга в Вермланде.

Следующей зимой Харальд разграбил и сжёг Ранрике. Затем норвежцы вторглись в Гёталанд и пересекли всю эту провинцию, выигрывая почти все битвы. В одной битве погиб Хране Гаутске. Тогда Харальд провозгласил себя правителем всех земель к северу от Гёта-Эльва и к северу и западу от озера Венерн, а для защиты этого региона с многочисленными силами назначил Гутторма Харальдсона.

См. также
 Швеция в раннем Средневековье
 Короли Раумарики

Примечания

Литература

Династия Мунсё
Правители Европы IX века

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
HomeCORECareersNews
do the best work of
Engineering Positions
Backend Engineer (All levels)
Manticore Games is creating CORE, a digital playground and community designed to unleash imagination and revolutionize game creation, distribution, and play.
Head of Live Ops
We are looking for a seasoned and resourceful leader to manage all aspects of our live operations. You will help build a responsive team to operate our 24/7 global service. This is a hands-on role with a large business impact, which will include live server and database operations, deployment, QA, Customer Service, and security. You should be a highly creative and data-driven leader as well as an excellent communicator.
Senior UE4 Engineer - Mobile
Senior Web Engineer
We are looking for a Senior Web Engineer to lead initiatives across the stack with a focus on Manticore's web-based experiences. You'll work with our engineering and art team to further develop and maintain a responsive front end and user-centered experiences. Our web engineers are building the next generation of gaming supported by a leading web experience.
Software Engineer (All Levels)
We are looking for a Software Engineer at all levels as we are working in stealth mode on a new form of multiplayer entertainment, revolutionizing the way we create, play, and share gameplay experiences. To do the best work possible, we prefer engineers be based at HQ; however, remote work can be considered on a case by case basis.
© 2020 Manticore Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Chocolate History
Chocolate Facts
Interesting Facts about Chocolate
Fun and Interesting Facts about Chocolate
Chocolate was domesticated in Central America some 3500 years ago. It was used by Mesoamerican cultures of Aztec and Maya as a food and currency.
Europeans came in contact with cocoa plant in early 16th century, but the wide adoption of chocolate in Europe happened after almost 200 years.
For a long time, chocolate production was very expensive. It became commonplace and used by general population only after Industrial Revolution.
Today, around two-thirds of the entire world's cocoa production is located in West Africa, with almost half coming from Côte d'Ivoire.
The biggest bar of chocolate was created in 2000 in Italy, and it weighted 5 thousand pounds!
On the first encounter of Europeans with cocoa, Christopher Columbus believed that his bean was used only as a currency.
Recipe for chocolate drink was protected as a state secret by Spaniards for over 100 years.
Cacao is the bean. Cocoa is the product that is made from it.
First Chocolate house opened in England in 1657.
Cocoa can be grown only between latitudes 20° North and 20° South of the Equator.
Cocoa is very caloric, ranging between 200 and 550 calories for 100g of chocolate.
The world chocolate comes from the ancient Aztec word "xocolatl" which means "bitter water".
Chocolate can greatly affect our metabolism, giving us mood lifting agents and antioxidants that relive our body from stress and pollution.
Every Russian and American astronaut who spent more than one day in space has eaten chocolate in orbit.
Eating dark chocolate in moderate amounts widens arteries and enables easier blood flow.
The mere smell of chocolate can increase amount of theta waves in our brain, causing us to relax.
Large doses of chocolate can cause head pain.
Eating excessive amounts of chocolate can even cause death! First of them was recorded in 17th century Mexico.
Americans eat average of 22 pounds of candy each year, evenly split between candy and chocolate. Europeans consume less.
Country with most consumed chocolate per capita is not US, but Switzerland, followed by England.
Fortunate chocolate accident caused the creation of microwaves. WW2 scientist tested new technology for radar, when one candy melted in the pocket of the scientists Percy Spencer.
Around 50-60 million children is working daily on chocolate farm, mostly in conditions that could be only described as slavery.
© 2020 - History of Chocolate | Contact | Privacy Policy | Search Site


From 2008 to 2015 I created a set of illustrations to market the summer season of plays produced by The Barnstormers Theatre in Tamworth, New Hampshire. These illustrations were used in the season brochure, on the marketing poster, the website and other places. Over the years I have experimented with different techniques and aesthetics. 8 shows in 8 weeks was the motto since the beginning,until 2015 when The Barnstormers broke with their tradition and performed only 6 plays.
I made all the pics the same size and style. The titles were written in the same font. Uniformity was the name of the game. Pen and ink and Photoshop.
These are mostly little pen and ink drawings, painted with watercolor, and a bit of Photoshop, but not much. I started making titles with different fonts and treatments, examples at right.
This year I tried incorporating the titles into the pictures, just as I would for a theatre poster. Still some hand drawing and painting, but Photoshop begins to figure more prominently.
In 2011 I separated the titles from the illustrations again. Scanned drawings and Photoshop, mostly. A bit of painting . . .
In 2012 I returned to the square shape, including both title and author. This time I made an effort to make the illustrations as different from each other as the plays are. By now I use Photoshop with abandon, I'm afraid, though I still draw by hand. Big River was done in Illustrator.
As in 2012, in 2013 I made what amounts to mini-posters, with both title and author included.
More mini-posters, with both title and author included.
Pretty much all photo collage here. I made the cartoon people in Relatively Speaking, but everything else is a found and transformed object.


Where does a 'roadmap' figure in the transition from policy to practice? This was a key topic last week in in the workshop Developing Institutional Research Data Management Policies in Leeds. I joined DCC staff and more than 40 colleagues from across UK Higher Education there, along with Simon Hodson programme manager of the JISC Managing Research Data programme (MRD02). Most of those present represented projects funded by this programme to develop their institution's support services for managing research data.
The MRD02 projects are tasked with drafting a policy for their institution, a task given a forceful nudge by the EPSRC's deadline of May 1 this year for institutions to produce a 'roadmap', setting out how they will meet this funding body's expectations over the coming 3 years. This deadline also drew people from the DCC's programme of institutional engagement keen to share experiences.
It was clear that the EPSRC mandate has energised university road building towards better data management. It was also apparent that institutions are at different stages in laying out a way ahead, and anticipating effort to persuade some colleagues to get on board. Many have adopted general policy principles like those adopted by University of Edinburgh last year. There was a general view that, while setting out broad expectations and commitments is important, if a policy is to take effect it has to be quickly followed by services offering real value.
Some participants saw the EPSRC roadmap as an overarching strategic response, both to the policy and to external funders requirements. For others it referred to more action-oriented project plans and documents that, taken together with a policy, demonstrate a commitment to change without corresponding to a single 'roadmap' document.
what do we do now and what do we have in place?
what must we do to meet any identified gaps?
what resources will we commit?
If the action plan is a regularly reviewed working document, a table like this will help monitor compliance. A single table may not be enough; there is overlap between the EPSRC expectations, and across those of other funders. A strategy document can lay out the core messages and high-level requirements along the above lines with a summary of current provision, gaps and resource commitments to be elaborated on in the action plan. In any case, a roadmap will combine aspects of strategy and schedule.
The working documents and resources used to deliver all this will be familiar from other change programmes, such as VLE development. At all levels there will be some combination of advocacy, assessment, diagnosis, redesign, implementation and evaluation of changes made. DCC tools and methods such as DAF and CARDIO can help. Other approaches discussed in this context include scenarios describing common use cases. This can be a helpful first step in defining the workflows that will be required and several workshop participants were developing scenarios as part of their toolkit.


text:
Mich. doctor acquitted of pill mill charges
Caro – A judge says more than $6 million in assets must be returned to a Michigan doctor who was acquitted of running a pill mill at his clinics.
The Saginaw News says Dr. Joseph Oesterling last year was acquitted of running a criminal enterprise. He was accused of excessively prescribing medicine through his clinics in Caro, Saginaw and Mount Pleasant.
Oesterling's attorney, Ronald Chapman II, says a Tuscola County judge on Sept. 25 ordered authorities to return assets that had been seized. They include five vehicles, real estate and more than two dozen bank accounts.
Tuscola County Prosecutor Mark Reene plans to appeal.
Oesterling previously served as chief of urology at University of Michigan Hospital.


text:
HPT News Gas and electricity hybrid ACs rolling o...
Gas and electricity hybrid ACs rolling out in the Japanese market
On April 1, 2017, as part of energy system reforms, full liberalization of gas retailing commenced in Japan after the full liberalization of electricity, which started in April 2016. Following the advent of full liberalization of gas retailing, Japanese air conditioner manufacturers have announced to release new Smart Multihybrid air conditioners utilizing gas and electricity in collaboration with three gas companies, namely, Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, and Toho Gas.
Consisting of a gas heat pump (GHP) and an electric heat pump (EHP) linked to the same refrigerant piping system, Smart Multi systems can realize both energy and cost savings by remotely controlling the GHP and EHP operating ratios to optimize the equipment efficiency and running costs according to changes in the air conditioning load, outdoor temperatures, and electricity and gas rates.
Source: JARN, April 25, 2017.


"You're supposed to be looking after his property!" Vertical Ent. has debuted the first trailer for the comedy Drunk Parents, directed by the writer of Grown Ups and Grown Ups 2 - which should give you a good idea of what to expect, and it explains why this title is so blunt. The plot follows two alcoholic parents who attempt to hide their ever increasing financial troubles from their daughter and their social circle through elaborate neighborhood schemes. Salma Hayek and Alec Baldwin star as the parents, and the full cast includes Joe Manganiello, Bridget Moynahan, Treat Williams, Jim Gaffigan, Aasif Mandvi, and Ben Platt, with Michelle Veintimilla as the daughter. This is one of those comedies that is so dumb and so absurd it might actually be entertaining, but probably not. You already know what to expect to see here.
Two drunk parents (Salma Hayek and Alec Baldwin) attempt to hide their ever increasing financial difficulties from their daughter and social circle. Through a series of elaborate neighborhood schemes, the two set out to make ends meet and maintain their wealth by deciding to sell items from a neighbor's home and renting his mansion out. Drunk Parents is directed by American comedian / writer / filmmaker Fred Wolf, director of the films Strange Wilderness, The House Bunny, and Mad Families previously, and also a screenwriter for the comedies Black Sheep, Dirty Work, Joe Dirt, Without a Paddle, Grown Ups, and Grown Ups 2. The screenplay is written by Fred Wolf & Peter Gaulke. Vertical Entertainment will release Wolf's Drunk Parents in US theaters starting April 19th, 2019 coming up this spring. Anyone interested?


If you're looking for fun, engaging activities to teach your students about bar graphs, pictographs/picture graphs, and line plots...you've made it! This mini unit is anything but "mini". With over 50 pages, (21 pages of print-and-go ready materials plus answer keys for every single page) this can serve as the perfect resource for whole group math time, small group, and centers/workstations! There's plenty to choose from! Pick and choose which ones to use- there are different versions of some worksheets to allow for differentiation as well.
- Round-Up the Snacks: use tally marks to cross off each snack picture. After collecting the data, create a bar graph.
- Round-Up the Votes: students poll their classmates to find out which snack they prefer. After gathering data, they create a bar graph and answer questions.
-Knocking Down Line Plots (A): read the line plot and complete the data table. Then answer the comparison questions about the data.
-Knocking Down Line Plots (B): read the line plot and complete the data table. Then answer the comparison questions about the data.
-Knocking Down Line Plots (C): read the line plot and complete the data table. Then answer the comparison questions about the data.
-"X" Marks the Spot: use data from the data table to create a line plot. Then answer questions about the data.
- Height Requirements: using information about ride height requirements, complete the line plot and answer the higher order thinking questions.


Walking with Ramona explores the streets, schools, characters, and neighborhoods of author Beverly Cleary's Portland. With this newest and most unusual Portland guidebook, readers can walk the very school steps that Beverly climbed. You'll see the grocery parking lot where Ramona got stuck in the mud, the park lawn where Henry Huggins hunted night crawlers, and the real Portland street that became Klickitat Street, their fictional home. Beverly Cleary's Portland was much different than the Portlandia of today. Walking with Ramona brings to life what that 1920s and 1930s Portland was like for the "girl from Yamhill" who went on to become an international beloved author. Characters like Ramona and Beezus, Henry and Ribsy, and Ellen and Austine come to life on this hour-long walking route.
Laura O. Foster writes about the Pacific Northwest. Her Portland-based books explore the city's geology, architecture, neighborhoods, and human and natural history. Shem lives in Portland, Oregon with her family.


8-28-14 Today's Tarot is Key 6 Union. Today is a good day to form partnerships, friendships or even for romance. Be open to these energies and you will make lasting relationships today. This card is about connecting with others and love.


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package org.ecloudmanager.tmrk.cloudapi.model;

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@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
BENTLEIGH PROBUS INC (C) > History
Jacks Joke
History -
Bentleigh Probus Club.
Probus was formed in England in 1965 to help provide retired and semi-retired business and professional men with the social contact to which they had been accustomed during their working lives but had inevitably declined in their retirement. The fellowship and stimulation provided by a gathering of men who had occupied responsible positions in business and professions was to be achieved not only through regular meetings where they could hear speakers on various subjects but also through other activities such as luncheons, tours and visits to organisations and places of special interest. Whilst the first Probus Clubs formed were for retired men there are a number of clubs amongst the several hundred clubs in existence throughout the world which provide for the interest of retired business and professional women.
Bentleigh Probus Club was formed under the auspices of the Rotary Club of Bentleigh on eighth of October 1987 at a meeting of interested retired men at the RSL Bentleigh, the meeting was chaired by Ken Oakes, Past president of the Rotary Club of Bentleigh, and information about Probus provided for those present by Rick Deakin (president of Rotary Club of Bentleigh). Probus information was also presented by Bill Maunder (Probus Centre), Tom Sides (district Probus representative) and Jim Waters (Past President Moorabbin Probus Club). Seventy four prospective members were in attendance of whom sixty nine became foundation members while a further ten expressed interest in the formation of the club but could not attend meetings.
It was agreed that a limit of eighty be placed on the membership and that the initial subscription be $15.00 .
Meetings would usually be held on the second Thursday of each month from 10am to 12noon at the RSL Bentleigh while excursions and other social gatherings would be held as required.
A committee of ten members was elected with Ralph Phillips as President and was to be responsible for arranging guest speakers at meetings as well as organising social gatherings and visits to interesting places and where appropriate making provision for the inclusion of members' partners in Clubs activities. The committee would be responsible to keep financial and attendance records as well as records of all meetings and produce a club newsletter, further the club would be expected to encourage inter-club visits and join activities and to assist Rotary with establishment of other Probus Clubs when the need arose.


To assist our clients to start negotiating better commercial outcomes, the team at Acquire have developed a short session aimed to empower attendees to better prepare for the major commercial negotiations that they are responsible for.
In this session, you will learn the key principles of negotiation theory, including game theory, that you can then apply to your next negotiation. In addition, you will learn a few little tricks using some simple maths to really understand how far your counterpart is able to move and what they are most likely to do.
We've found that a little bit of knowledge goes a long way and similar sessions have helped those attending better prepare for negotiations with their suppliers and partners.
The lunch and learn event is called: Strategic Negotiation – An Introduction to Game Theory, and the first session will be held in Brisbane on 3rd April 2017.


text:
Woman describes terrifying ordeal of being trapped in tent by cougar at B.C. campsite
Chelsea Powrie / Castanet
Photograph By Ministry of Environment
A woman camping in Princeton had the scariest experience of her life early Thursday morning when she found herself trapped inside her tent by a snarling cougar.
Katyln Marion said that around 4 a.m., a large, aggressive cougar showed up near her camping spot by the Princeton KVR trestle bridge.
"If I made one move in the tent, it would start growling and showing his teeth," Marion explained in a Facebook post, saying at first she wasn't sure what animal was outside until she poked her head out of the tent and saw the large cat.
She said she called local RCMP to help, but the call kept dropping due to poor cell service. She was afraid to speak too loudly to explain to the police where she was, because the cougar was listening.
"He heard me whispering and ran really fast towards my tent," Marion recounted. "I thought I was going to die. The cop couldn't find where I was so he drove past yelling out to find me, but I couldn't make any sounds or [the cougar] would start pushing itself closer snarling."
The whole ordeal lasted 40 minutes, and finally, police located Marion and the cat was scared away. She said she got a ride away from the site from the police.
"This all could have been very bad. I would hate to see someone get killed by that thing," Marion said.
She got away as fast as she could, and snapping a photo was the farthest thing from her mind.
Princeton RCMP detachment confirmed the incident was being looked into, but an officer was not available during the day to provide Castanet with more details.
Read more from the Castanet
Affordable housing facility in Powell River requires new designation
Resident orcas return after eight-week no-show
Affordable housing facility in Powell River requires new ...
Organizers of music festival south of Powell River request washroom access
Powell River employees continuing picketing as WFP/United Steelworkers strike continues
B.C.'s $1.5 billion surplus should be $7.2 billion: auditor general


A clip of yesterdays outdoor LIFT45 session with hill sprints finisher ☠. So nice to be able to take our workout out into the sunshine for a dose of vitamin D ☀.
We're thrilled to partner with @barrysbootcampdubai and @abudhabiedition to present the Evolve Edition, bringing The Best Workout In The World, to the Annex Nightclub on May 4th, 2019. Great Music & Club Lights, coupled with a rigorous HIIT workout led by the Barry's team is how you can expect to start your day (full schedule attached). Prices are AED 360 + 5% VAT & Bookings can be made by sending an e-mail to: a.timotic@barrysbootcamp.com. Please note that spots are limited and bookings will be confirmed only once payment is made. We hope to see you there.
Или ТРЕНИРОВКА HIIT за 12 МИНУТ для дома!
40 секунд делаем, 20 секунд отдых, одно за одним.
Après une semaine de vacances où nous n'avons pas fait un seul #training reprise ce matin avec une bonne séance de #hiit à la maison💪J'ai transpiré!!! J'ai fini par des étirements au soleil ☀ le kiffe!
Dans 2 mois c'est l'été et si toi aussi tu veux obtenir un corps affiné et sculpté, bref!!!!! Ton corps de bombasse à toi 😂, il faut arrêter de repousser l'échéance car le « bon bah foutu pour foutu, je démarre demain » et puis « non mais alors là je suis allée au resto donc j'ai pas pu résister, allez demain je m'y mets » ou encore « Ahh oui mais c'était le week-end en famille donc le gâteau de belle-maman au chocolat, je pouvais pas refuser🙈 » NON! NON! NON!
En attendant, qui va s'empiffrer de chocolats en disant « ahhh non mais là, c'est Pâques heinnn 🙈j'ai pas pu résister🙈🙈🙈 » Un conseil, MANGE-EN mais seulement 1 (bon ok peut-être 2, mais pas plus😉).
If you're just getting into fitness or starting over after an injury the key to success lies in doing the right moves, at your own pace.
Sign up at www.ftlfitnessnetwork.com so you can eat all the chocolate you want today .
Happy Easter🐰🐣 This is how I celebrate - Cardio Blast Leg Day before we FEAST 🍽🔥👊🏽 Obsessed with leg day at the moment. I feel powerful, unstoppable and strong 💪🏽 I try to sneak in a little upper body whenever I can 😉 .
Team with Ramadan fast approaching don't miss out on our amazing deals! Starting from today the 21st of April and valid until the 12th of May!
For more information just ask any of your F45 ZSC trainers today!
Essa é a nossa mensagem para você e toda a sua família.
As Many Répétition As Possible.
Mark and his family have been members at Gym 360 for quite some time now and are one of the hardest working and most regular training families that we have ever had.
You can generally set your watch by their regular attendance at sessions. It goes without saying that these guys are some of the fittest people in the gym and a testament to the power of consistency!
The best things in life make you sweat!
Hou er rekening mee dat een obstacle run echt wezenlijk anders is dan een long run hardlopen. Door de obstakels vergt het een stuk meer kracht en een stuk minder uithoudingsvermogen, gezien je tijdelijk rust kan nemen van het hardlopen. Vandaar is het advies meer in te zetten op de intervaltrainingen. Ren bijvoorbeeld 30 seconden op 80% van je kunnen, opgevolgd door 30 seconden op 50%. Herhaal dit proces 10 keer. Kun je langer door? Verhoog dan de intensiteit, of verklein het rust interval. Gewoon gas geven en niet zeuren!
Je kunt ook trainen op een vaste intensiteit. Naast regulier hardlopen heb je ook tempo runs. Bij deze tempo runs ren je precies zo snel dat je net niet meer normaal kunt praten. Hou dit 20 tot 30 minuten vol.
Bendy backs and Easter eggs. Two of my top ten. Happy Sunday to all. Catch me tomorrow @fitnessplaygroundaus 8:30am and 9:30am.
Start the week strong with this one🔥Remember, slow is NOT bad. Focus on being consistent. Constant movement at a slow pace is great and start there:) We're all in a race for completion, so run to finish it.
Happy Easter Sunday everyone. 🐣🐣5k done ✔ ..felt so good in sunny weather ☀.. now for some food and a trip to see the fam!
Good luck 🍀 😂 ————— Будем сегодня пресс качать?
Быстрая и очень результативная тренировка( у меня 3 дня пресс болел😬).
Cardio session number ✌🏻 finished. Gotta say, this prep is wearing on me hard but this AminoUp by @ignite.nutrition is honestly helping me immensely to get through this. The combo of BCAAs, EAAs, and Electrolytes is perfect intraworkout as well as between meals to help curb some cravings.
When it comes to fat loss, I often get asked what is most important! Without a doubt, for the best fat loss results, I'd put these 3 things on your list of priorities.
1. CALORIC DEFICIT: If you're not eating less calories than your burning, you're not going to lose weight or fat, simple as that. For a caloric deficit, your calories should equate to your BW (lbs) x 12-14.
2. SUFFICIENT PROTEIN: Consuming enough protein is massively importance when you try to lose fat. Due to being in a caloric deficit, you are at more risk of muscle loss, so having enough protein will help ensure maintained muscle. Aim for 1-1.2g protein per pound of BW.
3. LIFT HEAVY: Heavy lifts are especially important for fat loss. When in a fat loss phase, your intensity should be prioritized over total training volume. You really want to focus on maintaining your strength.
These, in my opinion, are the 3 most important things to do when fat loss is the goal, so make sure you keep these in mind!
Tag someone trying to lose fat!


text:
Islamic Speeches - Revised Third Edition
Authentic Islamic information on various topics with reference to the Quran and Hadith
Short and comprehensive 24 Speeches in English with duration of 8-15 minuets.
A useful book for students, teachers and general Muslims alike.
Islamic Speeches
Price: 100/-
Mufti Muhammadullah Qasmi
muhammadullah79@gmail.com
First Edition: Jan 2012
Second Edition: July 2012
Revised Third Edition: August 2014
Darul Maarif
Near Muslim Fund, Deoband 247554
Contact: 0091-9634515218
Preface 8
Endorsement 10
Acknowledgement 11
Foreword 12
Before You Start 14
Art of Public Speaking 16
An Introduction to Islam 18
The Holy Qur'an 22
The Life of the Prophet (r) 26
Salah (Prayer) 30
Sawm (Fast) 34
Zakah (Alms) 38
Hajj (Pilgrimage) 41
Eid al-Fitr 45
Eid al-Adha 48
Virtues of Jumu'ah 51
Dawah and Tabligh 57
Importance of English for Dawah 61
Islam and Science 65
Islam and Education 69
Morals in Islam 73
Women's Rights: Islam versus West 77
Hijab in Islam 82
Rights of Parents 87
Unity and Brotherhood in Islam 94
Equality and Justice in Islam 98
Islam and Terrorism 103
Tolerance in Islam 107
Indian Muslims & Freedom Struggle 111
Darul Uloom Deoband 116
Hadhrat Maulana Badruddin Ajmal al-Qasmi
MP (Lok Sabha) & President of AIUDF
This collection will be very much useful for the students of madrasas and Islamic English medium schools who have desire to speak on Islamic topics with authentic Islamic information.
_____________________________________________
Maulana Mohammad Burhanuddin Qasmi
Editor: Eastern Crescent, (English monthly) Mumbai
I am sure all and especially those who are in the field of public speaking or Dawah work would be greatly benefited by this useful compilation.
Dr Obaidullah Qasmi
Assist. Professor, University of Delhi
An examination of the contents of this collection will show how consistently and carefully these speeches have been drafted, expounded and illustrated. The student is urged to begin to speak at once of what he knows. Next, the way to the rich storehouse of material as is found in this book.
Ten Blessed Days: Don't Miss
By His wisdom, Allah Ta'ala gave preference to some places and times over others. For Muslims, Friday is the best day of the week, Ramadan is the best month of the year, "Laylat al-Qadr" is the best night in Ramadan, the day of "Arafah" is the best day of the year. Likewise the first ten days of the month of "Dhul-Hijjah" are the blessed days for Muslims.
Allah Ta'ala says in the Quran what means: {By the daybreak, by the ten nights, by the even and the odd, by the passing night – is this oath strong enough for a rational person?} (Al-Fajr 89:1-5)
Early Muslim scholars differed on what is meant by the "ten nights". But most of them agreed that the ten nights refer to the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah.
In another verse Allah Ta'ala says: {… to attain benefits and mention Allah Ta'ala's name, on specified days.} (Al-Hajj 22:28)
Most of the Quran commentators view that the specific days are the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah.
What a great virtue attached to those days which pass unnoticed by many people nowadays.
On the merits of the first ten days, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is reported to have said: "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days." The people asked, "Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah?" He said: "Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah, except in the case of a man who went out to fight, giving himself and his wealth up for the cause, and came back with nothing." (Al-Bukhari)
In what follows are suggested ideas on how to make the best use of the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah:
Repent to Allah
Make a sincere repentance to Allah Ta'ala and promise Him that you will not do bad deeds again. This may be your last chance. You are not sure if you will live till next year.
Pray at the Mosque
Try to perform the five daily prayers in the mosque. If you have time after Fajr prayer, try to sit in the mosque, read a juz' (part) of the Quran, make duaa, or recite some Adhkar (remembrance of Allah). Then offer two rakahs before you go home. If you do so, you are reviving a tradition that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to do, a tradition which these days has been neglected by many Muslims.
Observe Fasting in the First Nine Days
Abu Sa`id al-Khudri said: I heard the Prophet saying, "Indeed, anyone who fasts for one day for Allah's Pleasure, Allah will keep his face away from the (Hell) fire for (a distance covered by a journey of) seventy years." (Muslim)
Do not observe fasting on the tenth day because it is an `Eid day and it is prohibited to fast that day.
Good deeds are rewarded abundantly in these first ten days; and as fasting is a good deed, it is recommended to fast these nine days.
Do not Miss Fasting the Day of Arafah
On the day of Arafah, non-pilgrims are highly recommended to maintain fasting. It is reported that the Prophet was asked about fasting on the day of Arafah, whereupon he said: "It expiates the sins of the preceding year and the coming year." (Muslim)
He also said: "There is no day in which Allah frees a greater number of His slaves from the Hellfire than the Day of Arafah." (Muslim)
Make a Lot of Supplications (duaa) on the Day of Arafah
The Prophet said: "The best supplication is that of the Day of `Arafah, and the best thing that I and other Prophets before me said, is: La ilaha illa allahu wahdahu la sharika lah, lahu al-mulku wa lahu al-hamdu wa huwa `ala kulli shai'in qadeer (There is no Allah Ta'ala but Allah alone. He has no partners. To Him belong the sovereignty and all praise. He has power over all things.) (Al-Tirmidhi)
Try to Do Something New this Year
If you used to recite a part of the Quran last year, try to finish reading the whole Quran this year. Try to pick some verses everyday and check the books of Tafsir (exegesis of the Quran) to reflect on their meaning in order to derive lessons from them in your daily life.
Maintain your Family Relations
Visit your relatives even for a few minutes. If they live far away, give them a call. Do not forget your parents. Be kind to them, visit them, and attend to their needs. Some new Muslims think that after their conversion, they should cut off their family members. Allah Ta'ala orders Muslims to be kind to their parents even if they are non-Muslims. This occasion might be a good opportunity to talk about Islam to your non-Muslim parents.
Make it a daily habit to help the needy. Look for humanitarian organizations in your neighborhood and help them in any way you can.
Don't Miss Offering at Least Two Rakahs of "Tahajjud" at Night
Offer many extra prayers, as much as you can. Allah Ta'ala promised a great reward for offering extra acts of worship. The Prophet said: "Allah said, 'I will declare war against him who shows hostility to a pious worshipper of Mine. And the most beloved things with which My slave comes nearer to Me, is what I have enjoined upon him; and My slave keeps on coming closer to Me through performing Nawafil (praying or doing extra deeds besides what is obligatory) till I love him, so I become his sense of hearing with which he hears, and his sense of sight with which he sees, and his hand with which he grips, and his leg with which he walks; and if he asks Me, I will give him, and if he asks My protection (refuge), I will protect him; (i.e. give him My refuge) and I do not hesitate to do anything as I hesitate to take the soul of the believer, for he hates death, and I hate to disappoint him." (Al-Bukhari)
Reciting the Takbir
It is an act of Sunnah to say "Takbir" (Allah is the Greatest) in the first ten days.
The "Takbir" should be pronounced as much as possible in the mosque, at home, in the streets, etc. It is reported that: "Ibn `Umar and Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with them) used to go out in the marketplace during the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, reciting Takbir, and the people would recite Takbir when they heard them." (Al-Bukhari)
There are many forms of Takbir, but the most common one is: Allahu akbaru, Allahu akbaru, Allahu akbaru, la illaha illa Allah, Allahu akbaru, Allahu akbar, wa lillahi al-Hamd.
In another version of the Hadith mentioned above on the merits of the ten days, there is this addition: "… so increase saying Tahlil (saying la-illah illa Allah), Takbir (saying Allahu akbar), and Tahmid (saying Al-hamdullilah)" (Ahmad) Therefore, these kinds of "dhikr" should be recited day and night.
The Best Good Deed in These Days is to Offer Hajj
Go to Hajj, if you are physically and financially able to perform it. If not, try to offer a sacrifice (qurbani) if you have the means. By doing this you are commemorating the story of sacrifice of both prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail (peace be upon them). The poor and the needy have a share in the sacrifice and feeding them is one of best deeds that can be done on the day of `Eid.
I pray to Allah to accept our good deeds in these days of Dhul-Hijjah and throughout the year. When our good deeds are accepted by Allah Ta'ala, we will be admitted to Paradise, by His Mercy.
http://eislaminfo.blogspot.in/2012/10/dont-miss-out-on-10-blessed-days.html
THE VIRTUES MONTH OF ZIL HIJJAH
By E ISLAM TEAM (eislam.co.za)
Importance of First 10 Days of Zil Hijjah
The Takbeeraat of Tashreeq
Fasting on the day of Arafah(9 Zil Hijjah)
Qurbani / Udhiyya
IMPORTANCE OF FIRST TEN DAYS OF ZIL-HIJJAH
The first ten days of Zul Hijjah are among the most magnificent days in Islamic calendar. The Messenger of Allah, Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam said: "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days." (Hadith -Bukhari)
Almighty Allah Ta'ala says, (By the dawn; by the ten nights) (Quran-Al-Fajr 89: 1-2). Ibn `Abbas, ibn az-Zubayr, Mujahid and others of the earlier and later generations are of the opinion that this refers to the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. Ibn Kathir said: "This is the correct opinion." (Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 8/413)
The Messenger of Allah, Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam, has said, "One fast during these days is equal to the fasting of one complete year, and the worship of one night during this period is equal to the worship of "Lailatul-Qadr".(Hadith-Tirmizi)
Every Muslim should avail oneself of this wonderful opportunity by performing as much Ibadah (acts of worship) as he or she can during this period.
It is Wajib (incumbent) for every adult Muslim male to recite the Takbeeraat of Tashreeq after every Fardh Salaat-performed with Jamaat or individually from the Fajr of the 9th of Zul-Hijjah to the Asr of the 13th of Zul Hijjah. The Takbeeraat should be recited once only. The words of the Takbeeraat of Tashreeq are as follows:
اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَاَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ
Transliteration: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar laa ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar. Allahu Akbar walillaahil hamd.
Translation: "Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. There is no deity besides Allah and Allah is the Greatest. Allah is the Greatest and all praises belong to Him Alone."
NB. Men should recite this Takbeer audibly whilst females should do so softly. FASTING ON THE DAY OF ARAFAH (9 ZIL HIJJAH) It was reported from Abu Qutaadah that the Messenger of Allah(peace be upon him) was asked about fasting on the Day of 'Arafah ( 9 Zil Hijjah). He said, "It atones for the sins of the previous year and of the coming year." (Hadith-Muslim)
Hazrat Zaid bin Arqam (R.A.) reports that the Companions of Rasulullah (Sallalaho alihe wassallam) asked him:
" Oh Prohpet of Allah (pbuh), what is this sacrifice?" He said: "It is the way of your forefather Ibrahim(AS) ." They asked:"What (reward) is for us therein?" He replied: "There is a reward for every hair (i.e. the reward for meat and useful parts of the animal's body will be very lofty in merit, but there will also be a great reward for the parts which are useless and thrown away such as the hair)." They asked: "For the wool, Ya Rasulullah?" He replied: "There is one reward for every strand of wool." (Hadith:Ahmed, Ibn Majah)
Patience always triumphs!
By Ibn Abdullah
The sweetness of Sabr (Patience) outlives grief. Patience is a cup every person has to drink from. There are some types of grief that weigh on the heart, that if they were to be felt by a mountain, that mountain would crumble to the ground…
When The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (peace be upon him) lost his beloved son Ibrahim, he held his small body in his arms and said "The eyes send their tears and the heart is saddened, but we do not say anything except that which pleases our Lord. Indeed, O Ibrahim, we are bereaved by your departure from us." Then he turned his face towards the mountain before him and said, "O mountain! If you were as sorrowful as I am, you would certainly crumble into pieces! But we say what Allah has ordered us: (we are the servants of Allah and we will return to Him; we thank Allah, the Creator of the Universe)." (Ibn-i Sa'd, Tabaqat v.1, p.131-144)
The human heart is just a small, fragile piece of flesh - but with Sabr (patience), it is able to carry the kind of pain that would cause a mountain to disintegrate. Allah Ta'ala says;
"Oh you who believe! Persevere in patience and constancy. Vie in such perseverance, strengthen each other, and be pious, that you may prosper." (Qur'an 3:200)
Patience only comes with great struggle and difficulty. It is like trying to grasp and hold onto a strong and fast-swimming fish with your bare hands. You may succeed for a moment or two, but if you are not vigilant, it will escape from grip just as quickly as it came. Really how desperate is our need for patience?!
Patience doesn't mean to just 'wait out' the pain. It doesn't mean burying your head in the sand until the storm has ended and you can be sure safely re-emerge into life. And patience isn't peaceful…at least not at first.
True patience is like stepping onto shards of glass and muffling your screams. As you sit and remove the pieces from your skin, tears stinging at your eyes from the pain, you smile and do not say a word.
Patience is like being lit on fire from within, a fire that feels as though it will consume you. And yet you keep walking forward calmly, extending your hand to take cool water from those who offer them in order to quell the flame.
Patience is like treading water in violent seas after your boat has capsized – you are exhausted, but if you stop trying for a moment, you will drown.
Patience is indeed a pillar of great virtue. Allah Ta'ala says; "No one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but persons of the greatest good fortune." (Qur'an 41:35)
"Verily man is in loss, except such as have faith, and do righteous deeds, and join together in the mutual enjoining of truth, and of patience and constancy." ( Qur'an 103:2-3)
Patience and success are like twin brothers, for victory comes with patience, relief comes with distress and ease comes with hardship. Its relationship to victory is like that of the head to the body.
In the Qur'aan, Allah Ta'ala has guaranteed those who are patient that He will give them reward without measure. He tells them that He is with them by guiding and supporting them and granting them a clear victory. Allah Ta'ala says;
"Surely, Allaah is with those who are As‑Saabiroon (the patient)" (Qur'an al-Anfaal 6:46)
During times of deep trial, despair and sadness, patience is a fort. Relief and comfort can be found in adhering to Deen. We will most definitely be tried and tested in life, and these trials should be borne with "patience, perseverance and prayer." Indeed, people before us have suffered and had their faith tested; so too will we be tried and tested in this life but we should not lose hope or feel despondent. Allah Ta'ala says;
"Verily, with every difficulty there is relief" (Qur'an 94:5-6)
When our focus ceases to be solely on ourselves, our pride and our ego, then patience is easier to manifest. No matter what types of adverse conditions prevail, a person who exercises patience will not be at loss. The Messenger of Allah Ta'ala (peace be upon him) said;
"How wonderful is the affairs of the believer, for his affairs are all good, and this applies to no one but the believer. If something good happens to him, he is thankful for it and that is good for him. If something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience and that is good for him." (Hadith-Muslim)
So next time you are struck with arrow of grief or caught-up in a storm of difficulties, remember to exercise patience, turn to Allah Ta'ala in repentance and pray to Him for relief…for at the end of every dark tunnel there are rays of light!
Source: eislam.co.za


Get ready for speed with the new Pre-Rigged Hogy Fast Jigs. Featuring a very durable high end holographic imitative bait fish finish. A rear tear drop style tapered weight gets down deep and into the strike zone quickly. Perfect for speed or yo-yo jigging Striper, Tuna, Grouper and Amberjack.


text:
How To Stop Hard Water Damaging Your Skin
Story from Skincare
London's Water Is Damaging Your Skin – Here's How To Stop It
Georgia Murray
You'll have noticed that water tastes different across the country; some of us prefer hard, some prefer soft. London-dwellers are dealing with hard water. "In fact, it is among the worst in this regard according to my research," Dr. Dennis Gross, founder of the eponymous skincare brand, explains. "Specifically, the water in London is very hard because it is high in calcium. That, by definition, is what makes water hard." So what is bathing and showering in the hard stuff doing to our skin?
"Hard water is very bad for the skin," Dr. Gross warns. "Simply bathing in hard water may cause redness and dry skin. The calcium settles on the skin and changes one's own oil chemistry which compromises the skin's ability to moisturise itself. It also leads to large pores, acne, rashes, itching and rosacea." Bad news all round, then. You may have noticed that the density of the lather of your shampoo and soap is lower in London, too, and that they're often hard to rinse out completely. This is down to calcium, too, and means nails and hair may be weaker and more brittle as a result.
For Dr. Anjali Mahto, consultant dermatologist at Skin55 and author of The Skincare Bible: Your No-Nonsense Guide to Great Skin, the biggest concern for those washing with hard water is eczema. "Research has shown that hard water – water that passes through chalk and limestone rock and carbonates along the way – can damage the barrier of the skin and contribute to the risk of developing eczema as well as increasing its sensitivity." The causes of conditions like eczema are multifaceted, and hard water certainly isn't one of them, but "people with a tendency towards eczema may suffer more if they live in an area which has hard water, as this can act as an irritant in some people, leading to potential skin dryness and flaring of the condition," Dr. Mahto explains.
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While research shows the havoc hard water can wreak on our skin, for Lixir Skin founder Colette Haydon, it's important to note that the minerals found in London's water aren't the issue. "Hard water has bad connotations, however I want to point out that it also contains lots of minerals which are in fact good for the skin. For example, we choose to drink bottled mineral water from brands like Evian, and there are a number of beauty brands that market themselves on replacing the water content in their products with mineral water, like Omorovicza, La Roche-Posay and Avène for example," Haydon argues.
She also points out that we've been travelling to mineral spas around the world for centuries – think of Bath and Budapest, and the circulation-boosting, pain-relieving properties of their hot spring baths. So if the minerals themselves are good for us, what's the issue with hard water? "The problem is that the soaps and detergents we wash with aggregate with it, and this then clogs our pores – making soaps much harder to wash away."
Unfortunately, as calcium is a molecule, shower head filters won't be able to remove it from London water; they can "only remove dirt and sand particles," according to Dr. Gross. The temperature of the water we shower and bathe in, though, will make a difference. "I would recommend washing your face and body with warm to lukewarm water, wherever you live," Mahto explains. "Avoid using very hot or cold water, as cold water is less effective at removing oils from the skin, and hot water can leave the skin dry and irritated." While showering less won't resolve the issue either, Haydon says "it doesn't hurt to be mindful about water wastage".
Those of us with sensitive or dry skin should take Dr. Mahto's advice and look for tailored cleansers and body washes. "I would recommend simple measures such as using unfragranced emollient washes and moisturisers which are important in maintaining skin health, particularly those who are vulnerable to skin changes as a result of hard water." Aveeno's Moisturising Creamy Oil with Colloidal Oatmeal (£5.13) is the perfect everyday bathroom shelf staple – it's soap-free, and is clinically proven to target the drying effects of hard water while balancing the skin's natural moisture level.
Dr. Dennis Gross' skincare range also specifically targets this issue, and includes a chelator, the only known ingredient to remove calcium from the skin deposited by hard water. "These unique molecules actually remove the calcium from the skin surface and prevent their penetration," he explains. "They are essentially water-softening ingredients I add to creams, cleansers, moisturisers and serums. I do this because hard water is actually common all over the world, the idea occurred to me during my time in London." The brand's latest drop, the Alpha Beta Pore Perfecting Cleansing Gel (£46), is something of a wunderkind thanks to its inclusion of hydroxy acids, which slough away dead skin cells, and snow ear mushroom, which maintains skin's moisture levels.
While we may not be able to alter or avoid the calcium in the city's hard water, thanks to a host of protecting and soothing products, we can take measures to ensure our skin doesn't suffer because of it.
Want more like this?
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London's Hard Water Is Damaging Your Hair & Skin
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UPDATE NOVEMBER 2017: Still OK with this month's patch (for Cats & Dogs) which apparently messed up the arms on many custom clothing meshes/body meshes. This item is still working as normal.
UPDATE MARCH 21 2016: Following the below March 11 update, I've also updated the six heads to now exclude hats. This fixes the previous issue of the sim's head disappearing when the game automatically switches the sim to a hat for career or whatever. (I made this creation back in the early days of TS4 when this wasn't such an issue.) Now the head will stay on and any hats will simply not show up. If you already have this set, please re-download and just copy the six .packages with Head in their names, dated 3/21/16, to your Mods folder and let them overwrite the old ones.
UPDATE MARCH 11 2016: I've reconfigured the three bottoms that come with this set to exclude shoes/feet, which means that they no longer need a Null Feet mod to cancel out the human feet. If you already have this set and want the new version of the bottoms, re-download and just copy the three Bottom .packages, dated March 11 2016, to your Mods folder, overwriting the three old ones. And then delete the 'Null Feet for Plumbots' .package from your Mods folder, as it is no longer needed. If you already have sims saved with the Plumbot Null Feet, you will probably get a 'CAS item missing' warning when next loading your game after deleting the Null Feet. Re-saving without the Null Feet should clear the message for next time.
Here's a set of Plumbot parts converted from The Sims 3 'Into The Future' expansion pack, with which you can assemble your own 'robot' sims. It consists of 13 parts: Six heads, four tops and three bottoms, which can all be mixed and matched. They are found, respectively, in the Hair, Tops and Bottoms sections in CAS, and are for both genders, Teen to Elder. They are disabled for Random, so you should not get townies appearing with random robot parts. The parts should be available under all categories but if not, click the red X filter button to find it.
Each of the 13 parts comes in 10 colour schemes: 1) Grey/Silver, 2) Black/Grey, 3) Red, 4) Bright Green, 5) Blue, 6) Purple, 7) Pink, 8) Brown/Gold, 9) Olive Green, and 10) Rusty. Below are examples of Pink, Bright Green, and Black/Grey. These sims are wearing matching colours but you can of course mix parts of different colours on the same sim. Please see the above row of pics to see all the parts in all the colours.
To make a robot, you need to start with a plain default sim with no accessories or facial hair. I've supplied two readymade default sims called Plumbot Female Bot and Plumbot Male Bot that you can use as quick starter sims. As the robot tops and bottoms will come off in the bath (the heads stay on), start by going into Skin Details to apply the Plumbot Bath Skin in the colour of your choice - see bottom row of below pic. This way, at least they will retain a metallic-looking skin while in the bath. Then go into Hair, Tops, and Bottoms to apply the 'heads' and the tops and bottoms of their 'bodies'.
You can also add some head accessories to jazz them up a little, as shown in the top row of the below pic: my forehead googles look cute with the Tim head, or you can add hoop earrings or glasses depending on the size and shape of the head.
Recolouring: I've attached a separate zip file containing the greyscale templates I converted and adapted from TS3 in case you would like to try recolouring these.
Minor Issue: Note that due to the non-standard bodies there will be some clipping in a few animations, such as in the dance pic above with some of the feet clipping the floor, but these are not overly noticeable in gameplay.
Thanks for looking, hope you'll have fun with these bots.
Download the Plumbots zip file and unzip it. Move the .package files, which contain the cc, to your Documents\Electronic Arts\The Sims 4\Mods folder. Then copy the files inside the folder called Plumbot Underlying Sims to your Documents\Electronic Arts\The Sims 4\Tray folder.
Made with S4 CAS Tools, Sims 4 Studio, Milkshape and Blender.
A big thank you to Flarz for his discovery that the specular from the GTW mannequins produces a highly shiny all-over effect that was perfect for these bots!
Thanks to EA's TS3 team for the Plumbots.


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On-Campus Transfer (CODA)
Students currently enrolled at NC State University who are not Poole College of Management students may apply to transfer into Poole through the Change of Degree Application (CODA) process. CODA admissions decisions are made by NC State's Office of Registration and Records.
CODA at NC State
Learn more about the CODA process and application requirements.
Students interested in transferring into a Poole College of Management major must satisfy specific requirements.
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Discover the options for majors at NC State – Visit the Explore Majors and Minors page
Determine how your current coursework translates to your desired major – Run a "What If" on your degree audit for your intended curriculum. If you are not familiar with your degree audit, please see the degree audit tutorial
Meet with a professional academic advisor in Academic Advising Programs and Services to discuss options for majors – Visit the Academic Advising Programs and Services page and click on Walk-In Advising
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Spring 2020 Poole Resources
Poole CODA Drop-in Hours:
Thursdays from 2:00pm – 4:00pm in Holmes Hall (2nd Floor)
Poole CODA drop-in hours will start Thursday, January 16th until Spring Break and resume at the end of the semester.
*Please note, there will be no Poole CODA drop-in hours Thursday, February 6th due to the National Institute for the Study of Transfer Students Conference. Students can email poole_transfer@ncsu.edu for assistance.
Opportunities in Poole Information Sessions:
Weekly information and advising sessions during registration season for students interested in Poole CODA, Poole Minors and the Poole Business Essentials Certificate
Friday, March 20th: 1:00 – 2:00pm Nelson 3210
Friday, April 3rd: 12:00 – 1:00pm Nelson 3210
Thursday, April 9th: Room and Time TBD
Friday, April 17th: Room and Time TBD
Thursday, April 23rd: 2:00 – 3:00pm Nelson 3220


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Home > Game Reviews > Das Game news > Valve won't show any title at this year's E3
Valve won't show any title at this year's E3
By David Scarpitta on May 18, 2011
Shocking news coming from Valve themselves, as the company confirmed today that it will not to show any title at this year's E3. This basically means that we won't get any new info about Half Life 2: Episode 3, DOTA 2 or CounterStrike 2. Nothing at all. Which kind of sucks to be honest.
Valve's latest game, Portal 2, was released last month and met huge success. The game featured a HL3 easter egg and we were hoping to hear something regarding the third episode of HL2 or even for possible hints about HL3. Guess nothing of that will happen after all.
E3 2011Half LifeValve
Use Portal 2's Level Editor or You're Fired
Square Enix announces Heroes of Ruin for Nintendo 3DS
Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Developers Diary Part 1 Video
Half-Life like you've never seen it before


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Chamber Night with the @IowaCubs an event organized by the @DSMpartnership happens on 6 June. There will be all sorts of fun from a family friendly tailgate to introductions of Chamber Leaders to a great game. Save the date!
Yesterday from Windsor Heights Chmb's Twitter via Hootsuite Inc.
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Regional After Hours event on May 1 at the Ridgemont in Windsor Heights is for @DSMpartnership Affiliate Chairs and Staff.... We are sorry for communicating differently.
@LouisaforJoy @DSMpartnership Thank you for going.
Last week from Windsor Heights Chmb's Twitter via Hootsuite Inc.
About 2 weeks ago from Windsor Heights Chmb's Twitter via Hootsuite Inc.
Last night we, in front of the @iwindsorheight City Council Meeting, advocated for our members @UrbandaleLib and Big Green Umbrella Media. Our goal is always to remind those in power that business matters.
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