David McQuillen's "experience immersion" is forcing Credit Suisse to think differently about its clients. For starters, there'll be no more wet grocery bags.
Mothers in the small Swiss village of Bulach may have been wary of the man with a goatee staring at them as they struggled to navigate an ATM, grocery bag in one hand, fractious child in the other. But the man didn't care what their PIN numbers were or how much money they had in their accounts. He wanted to know, Why didn't they just put the bag down?
The answer: The bags were paper, and when the ground is wet–it rains a lot in Switzerland–putting them down means getting the contents soggy. Now, thanks to the man with the goatee, Stephan Kubler, the moms using the ATM at the Credit Suisse branch in Bulach can keep their groceries dry, by resting them on an inch-high grille.
Kubler spends each and every working day spying on Credit Suisse customers. He's part of a small team led by customer-experience renegade David McQuillen, a 36-year-old American who's challenging the top executives at the blue-chip Swiss bank to get out of their Zurich offices and–gulp!–meet some customers.
Almost every company has something about customer focus in its mission statement. Trouble is, the larger the organization, the more executives tend to insulate themselves from customers. Some rely on customer-satisfaction surveys and focus groups. Others simply assume that customers are just like them.
The "experience immersion" is his way of forcing busy executives to do just that. The two-hour exercise begins with a visit to three local bank branches. At the first branch, McQuillen teaches execs how to watch customers; at the second, they complete a typical customer task, such as exchanging foreign currency; and at the third branch, they're given a few questions to ask actual customers–by far the most intimidating task. Back in McQuillen's office, the executives visit the bank's Web site and attempt to check the interest rate for a mortgage or find out which bank cards can be used abroad. And they try to fill out credit-card application forms.
The idea for the immersion came from a presentation McQuillen made in 2004 to 200 of the bank's senior managers. Most were paying more attention to their BlackBerrys until McQuillen announced he was about to make a call, from the stage, to a Credit Suisse service center. "I saw fear in their faces, because they didn't know what the experience was going to be. We have 5 million customer interactions every month, and I realized then that if our senior managers didn't know what was going on in those interactions, the CEO probably didn't know, either." In fact, Credit Suisse CEO Ulrich Korner appreciated the immersion so much that he instructed all of his direct reports to do it too.
McQuillen's team of five currently has 19 projects, as well as the immersion, in progress. Some, such as helping redesign bank branches or prototyping clearer account statements, have been sanctioned officially. Others are, um, less sanctioned. When McQuillen suggested asking Plain English Campaign experts in London to help simplify the bank's basic-account application forms, the bosses said no. So he did it anyway. "We do a lot of stuff we think is good and then apologize later," grins McQuillen.
He has also decided, unilaterally, that the bank should be doing more to help customers with disabilities use its branches, offices, Web sites, and call centers. The average age of Credit Suisse private-banking clients is 67–yet in conservative Switzerland, there's little legal compulsion for companies to make products or services accessible, as is the case in the United States or much of Europe.
So McQuillen made each member of his team spend a day in a wheelchair. Then he invited 50 of the bank's senior managers to an event in May during which they were made to spend time in a wheelchair, wear a weighted suit made to re-create what it's like to be 70, and eat lunch in the dark, courtesy of Zurich's Blind Cow restaurant, where all of the waiting staff are visually impaired.
Recruited at the height of the dotcom boom to help build a Web site for wealthy private clients, McQuillen was a hair's-breadth away from being fired after the bubble burst. But he hung on, convincing a colleague that he could help with new branch projects. Now, although still regarded as a maverick, he has freedom to take on projects across the bank. Customers seem impressed: "I don't understand [why] other banks have yet to do this," says a corporate client in Zurich. And companies such as ABN Amro, Capital One, Safeco, and Telecom New Zealand are interested in learning about the immersion process themselves.
McQuillen just grins and shakes his head. What he does, he says, is really pretty simple. "I'd like to make it sound like we're using rigorous science, but we make it up as we go along and stick with the things that work.
Ian Wylie is a Fast Company contributing writer in London.


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It'll take a village to cut Meralco's rates | Inquirer Opinion
It'll take a village to cut Meralco's rates
By: David Celestra Tan - @inquirerdotnet
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 04:25 AM January 15, 2015
The Matuwid na Singil sa Kuryente Consumer Alliance Inc. (MSK) has studied and identified the various charges that have been adding up to high electricity rates for Filipinos. These are the bases for our "Ibaba ng P3" campaign.
Essentially, what we have done is get past the justifications of Manila Electric Co. and unravel the mystery of these high rates line by line. We have taken the first small consumer step by petitioning the Energy Regulatory Commission to pass a resolution mandating the open competitive bidding for power supply contracts that will be passed on to consumers. There will be more rule-change petitions that the MSK will file. But we have a long way to go before these become giant leaps for consumers.
Obviously, the MSK cannot do it by itself. It can only act as a catalyst for reform and show the way. It will take a village to reduce Meralco's rates.
Power consumers must want the reduction and be willing to go beyond complaining and to take action. The ERC must take cognizance and pass the competitive contracting resolution, and improve the transparency of systems-loss charges and the reasonableness of the performance-based rate-setting methodology.
The Department of Energy will have to provide enlightened policy direction and energy mix strategies. Most urgently, it needs to improve the trading rules of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market, especially the "market settling price," the must-run unit policy, and market manipulation safeguards. The DOE must further recognize and close the loopholes in the law that allow the monopoly and domination of the generation sector, especially Rule 11, Section 4 of the implementing rules and regulations of the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (Epira) of 2001.
Our lawmakers must rise to the challenge and amend the law to close the loopholes and amend the IRRs accordingly. They must be willing to clean up the Epira, including the rectification of the consumer betrayal of Republic Act No. 9511, which erroneously gives the systems-operator authority to National Grid Corp. of the Philippines (NGCP) as part of its transmission-line concession. We must rationalize transmission-line charges while we still can. NGCP's charge of P0.95 per kilowatt hour includes P0.36 per kWh for ancillary services, supposedly including reserves.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue and Department of Finance must be willing to rationalize the value-added taxation of power. The E-Vat Law of 2004 adds P1.30 per kWh to our power bill. National Power Corp. must be given a longer-term missionary electrification mandate so that it can adopt more cost-effective solutions to island power generation. Temporary rental generators are proliferating all over the islands using expensive technology. The DOE must be judicious in administering the missionary subsidies and discourage scrupulous competitive bidding and power supply contracts. Missionary subsidy has added P0.19 per kWh, and rising, to Meralco consumers, among others.
The industry's big players, mostly diversified conglomerates, must cooperate and recognize that it is to their long-term interest to help the country become energy-competitive, to strengthen the economy as a whole, and to improve consumers' purchasing power.
Malacañang will have to provide the leadership and set the tone for a national resolve to reduce power costs. We are aspiring for Asean Economic Community integration, but our power cost will be a big handicap. High power cost is the Achilles' heel of the business process outsourcing and call center industries, which drive professional employment, middle-class demand, and the real estate boom.
It is still two years before a new leadership comes in. Let us hope the current administration will do enough to put the country on the road toward rationalized power cost and competitive rates.
And then there is the most important part: Meralco itself. It must embrace least-cost power as its mantra as a public service utility. It is within its right to develop a cost-efficient energy mix and to subject its power purchases to competitive bidding instead of negotiating with itself and monopolizing power-generation supply. It is within its capability to shepherd and manage the contractual obligations of its power suppliers, especially the uptime and reliability obligations of its power plants. It only needs to want to.
In the P3-per-kWh feasible reduction in Meralco's power cost, fully P2.20 (73 percent) is within its own control and capability to initiate and achieve. It just has to find it in its heart to be true to its mandate as a public service provider. Meralco's Filipino management and executives must view this as a patriotic duty. Least cost is part of its public service obligation. In the power cost reduction village, Meralco is the center.
Reducing the Philippines' power cost especially in the Meralco area by P3 per kWh is an achievable dream. But we as a people must want to achieve it and row in the same direction. The MSK hopes it is showing the way. We have identified eight areas for reform. It will take some doing even for all of us working as a village to reduce Meralco's power rates.
If not us, who? If not now, when?
David Celestra Tan ([email protected]) is a CPA and a founder and former president of the Philippine Independent Power Producers Association. He is a coconvener of the MSK, which is dedicated to working for reforms and rule changes in the power sector to reduce costs and make the Philippines energy-competitive.
Dear Holy Father
TAGS: "Ibaba ng P3" campaign, Electric Power Industry Reform Act, Electricity, Epira, Manila Electric Co., Matuwid na Singil sa Kuryente Consumer Alliance Inc., Meralco, MSK, Wholesale Electricity Spot Market

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Lawyer Burnout: what is it and what can we do about it?
Maslachs
mental fatigue
Lawyer burnout often leads to illness
Much has been written in recent years about 'burnout' and mental illness among lawyers.
Despite this, an increasing number of lawyers are reporting high levels of stress, anxiety and depression, much of which is work related.
Law is a complicated area which is in constant change, therefore, lawyers are pressured to adjust to those changes and being able to face them.
This paper outlines the concept of 'burnout',
from its origin in the 1970s through to the World Health Organization's three-part working definition in 2019;
looks at the vital relevance of the concept for legal practitioners;
highlights outcomes from a number of studies conducted in various jurisdictions worldwide into lawyers' mental health;
identifies common issues and pressures which may provide clues as to why burnout is currently so prevalent in the legal profession;
considers social and psychological factors at play in the legal world which may predispose to mental illness;
reviews selected initiatives which attempt to enhance wellbeing and good mental health in the profession.
Lawyers will find simple practical ways to help them to assess whether they may be at risk of burnout and, more importantly, what steps they can take to address the risk and to stay healthy.
At an organizational level, principles to support wellbeing in the workplace are outlined to help law firm managers and others in a supervisory role.
Odysseus' knees gave way and his sturdy arms sagged; he was exhausted by his struggle with the sea … Winded and speechless he lay there too weak to stir, overwhelmed by a terrible fatigue. (The Odyssey, Homer)
A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench. (Isaiah 42:3)
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Enhancing wellbeing in the legal profession cannot be a matter of compulsion, but rather one of cultural change
From its humble beginnings as a metaphor for occupational exhaustion amongst people working with long-term drug addictions in the early 1970s, 'burnout' has become a universal concept. Definitions vary but it has now become an everyday part of popular and academic psychology and most languages have their own word for the concept (Schaufeli et al., 2009). This article, whilst acknowledging the significance of the vast amount of research into the concept, will emphasise the practical usefulness of the concept and ways of addressing burnout amongst lawyers, law firms and legal institutions. It is illustrated by anonymised vignettes informed by the author's experience in law and psychotherapy. All case studies are disguised, adapted or composites, to protect confidentiality.
'Burnout' - what is it?
The concept of burnout was first brought to public awareness in 1974 by a psychologist working in New York, Herbert Freudenberger, who borrowed the term from the illicit drug scene where it was colloquially used to refer to the devastating effects of chronic drug abuse. Freudenberger also used the term to describe a gradual loss of motivation and commitment amongst volunteers in the free clinic in which he worked (Schaufeli et al., 2009).
Over time he noticed that changes in attitude, mood, motivation and personality were becoming obvious amongst workers in the clinic (Maslach and Leiter, 2008). In line with the significant pressures placed upon them, he noticed that volunteers experienced a number of common and interrelated factors, including a compulsion to prove themselves, neglecting their personal needs, revising their personal values and denying emerging problems. Many became socially withdrawn and showed obvious detrimental behavioural changes, became more cynical in their attitude towards the addicts they were working with and prone to depressive illness. Freudenberger summarised these common developing factors with the term 'burnout' (Freudenberger, 1974).
Around the same time Christina Maslach, an academic in California, came across the term 'burnout' which human services workers were using for the same or similar states of exhaustion. She noted that the workers often felt emotionally exhausted, that they developed negative perceptions and feelings about their clients or patients, and that they experienced crises in professional competence as a result of the emotional turmoil that they were experiencing. Maslach developed a method for assessing burnout as a multidimensional construct that went beyond simple exhaustion. She described it as "a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur amongst individuals who work with people in some capacity" (Schaufeli et al., 2009). Her assessment tool, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is now the most widely accepted measure of the concept of burnout (Maslach and Leiter, 2008).
During the 1980s 'burnout' was accepted into colloquial usage. In the 1994 edition of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 Z73.0) 'burn-out' was introduced and described as "a state of vital exhaustion". Research burgeoned and by 2008 no fewer than 6,000 academic papers had been written on the concept (Schaufeli et al., 2009). In 2009 'burnout' was described in The Lancet as "an experience of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, caused by long-term involvement in situations that are emotionally demanding"(Mateen and Dorji, 2009).
In May 2019 burnout was included in the 11th revision of the ICD as an occupational phenomenon (World Health Organisation, 2019). Specifically, it is not classified as a medical condition. The ICD-11 states that, "burn-out is a syndrome conceptualised as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterised by three dimensions:
feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion;
increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and
reduced professional efficacy."
The WHO is now embarking on developing evidence-based guidelines on mental wellbeing in the workplace. The new WHO definition mirrors Maslach's conceptualisation of the construct in the 1970s.
After 45 years of investigation into the concept of burnout the WHO acknowledges that much work is yet to be done and that the concept has hitherto been ill defined. The precise definition of the term is clearly essential for any definitive exploration of the concept; however, for practical purposes the writer's view is that the continued colloquial use of burnout is helpful on a practical level in reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness in the workplace. It seems easier and more acceptable in many cultures for a staff member or leader to describe themselves as 'burnt out' rather than as suffering from anxiety or depression.
A similarly useful euphemism for mental illness is the word 'stress'. In many English speaking cultures this can be a helpful (and less stigmatising) catch-all word for anxiety, depression or other mental illness triggered by excessive workplace or other pressures. In its 2018 report the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) describes workers' experience of work-related stress, depression or anxiety as a "harmful reaction people have to undue pressures and demands placed upon them at work" (Health and Safety Executive, 2018). In passing, it is interesting to note that UK workers attributed 44% of their stress, depression or anxiety to workload, 14% to lack of support, 13% to violence, threats or bullying, 8% to changes at work and 21% to other causes.
Burnout in the legal profession - where are we at?
Now let me give you some statistics. The point of these statistics is to make a point. We will start with the most recent and then work backwards over the last few years. This information is merely the thin coating on the top of the iceberg. A massive amount of literature has accumulated on lawyer wellbeing and mental health, particularly in the last decade. These figures simply provide a flavour of what is happening in a number of in jurisdictions worldwide. However, as the practice of law crosses all cultural boundaries, the principles behind the stats will be relevant to most.
The International Bar Association (IBA) Global Employment Institute report in 2019 observed that many countries had noted that absenteeism due to stress and mental health problems continued to be problematic. However, a lack of formal studies had hindered identifying specific trends in the area. To addresses these challenges, several countries (including Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Taiwan and the UK) had proposed new legislation or other initiatives. In Portugal, for example, calls have been made for the national government to adopt legislation to give employees suffering burnout syndrome the same protection provided by laws that compensate workers for occupational accidents. Others, such as Argentina, France, Italy and Kenya had chosen to let employers handle issues related to employee stress and absenteeism (IBA Global Employment Institute, 2019).
In England and Wales the Law Society's Junior Lawyers Division's resilience and wellbeing survey report in 2019 noted that 93% of respondents reported feeling stressed in their role the month before completing the survey, with almost a quarter of those individuals feeling severely or extremely stressed. The survey showed that the key stress factors for junior lawyers are high workload, client demands and expectations, lack of support and ineffective management. Over 77% of respondents said that their firm could do more to support stress at work (The Law Society, 2019).
Marta was a trainee lawyer. Her supervisor was aware that her father had died in a road accident two years previously. Ignoring any potential repetition of her traumatic bereavement, her supervisor required her to attend the site of a fatal industrial accident on the day when an employee had been crushed by a lorry so that she could prepare a report and advise the directors of the client company on how to manage traumatised staff and defend any potential lawsuit. The expectation was that she would have all the skills of a lawyer qualified for several years. She told me that within two weeks of the assignment she had a nervous breakdown.
No level of seniority in the legal profession is immune to mental illness. It affects office juniors as well as the judiciary. UK District Judge Helen Conway wrote in 2019, "stress-related depression and anxiety recently forced me to take 11 months out from my job as district judge … I felt utterly exhausted, depleted and useless" (Conway, 2019). It affects academics and students as well as those in legal practice. An array of studies and data sets highlight a significant and worsening problem of poor wellbeing and mental health amongst academic staff (Collier, 2019a). A 2009 study in Australia reviewed attitudes towards depression in Australian law students and lawyers. It revealed high levels of psychological distress and the risk of depression amongst the cohort who participated when compared with Australian community norms and other tertiary student groups. (Kelk et al., 2009)
No level of seniority in the legal profession is immune to mental illness
A survey conducted by the Iberian Lawyer magazine (2018) found that an overwhelming majority of lawyers working in Spain and Portugal believed that their profession was not doing enough to tackle mental illness among lawyers. A number of the participants knew colleagues who had taken their lives through depression. The vast majority of respondents to the survey said they believed a large workload was the most common cause of the mental health problems they or their colleagues had suffered. 80% of respondents said that either they or a colleague had suffered from mental health problems at some point during their career as a lawyer.
The UK and Ireland lawyer support charity LawCare's recent report noted that it had received the highest ever number of calls from lawyers in 2018, with calls about bullying and harassment nearly doubling. The most common reasons for calling the helpline were stress (26%), followed by depression (19%) and anxiety (11%). The charity's CEO Elizabeth Rimmer noted an increasing concern about the long hours and heavy workload culture in the law which significantly affected wellbeing (LawCare, 2019a).
The UK HSE report of 2018 noted that the 'Professional' occupations category had a statistically significantly higher rate of work-related stress, depression or anxiety than the rate for other occupations (Health and Safety Executive, 2018).
In April 2015 the Bar Council for England and Wales published a comprehensive report 'Wellbeing at the Bar' (The Bar Council, 2015). The Council was keen to better understand levels of wellbeing across the Bar and to identify what interventions and resources might be put in place to support practising barristers' general wellbeing. Of those surveyed (about one sixth of the profession), around one in eight barristers felt emotionally exhausted and over a half did not sleep properly. Around two thirds indicated that they thought their present levels of stress had a negative impact on their work performance. Many respondents indicated that most or all of the time they found it difficult to control or stop worrying (33%), tended to dwell on their mistakes (35%), tended to feel nervous, anxious or on edge (24%), tended to be very critical of themselves (59%) and experienced unpleasant physical symptoms when they felt stressed, for example headache, fatigue, palpitations, upset stomach, and aching muscles (28%).
A study of occupational stress and burnout amongst lawyers in a district near Miraj in India found that female lawyers were experiencing significantly greater stress and burnouts compared to males; that job satisfaction was significantly and negatively correlated with stress; and that "the need of the hour is to make an effort in coping with stress amongst lawyers" (Patel et al., 2012).
A study of Taiwan lawyers found a high prevalence of self-perceived work stress. Litigious lawyers there had higher work-related burnout and higher client-related burnout than non-litigious lawyers. Personal burnout and work-related burnout were associated with high psychological demands, effort, and effort-reward ratio (Tsai et al., 2009).
Bearing in mind the HSE statistics on the causes of stress-related illness in the workplace (Health and Safety Executive, 2018) and in line with what appear to be similar pressures in service industries worldwide, it seems reasonable to assume that the nature of burnout in the legal profession generally follows a similar trajectory. Lawyer burnout is likely to be caused or contributed to by one or a combination of the generic causes of mental illness in the workplace, namely workload (particularly working to tight deadlines, taking on excessive work or responsibility or experiencing excessive pressure), lack of managerial support, violence, threats or bullying, organizational changes at work, role inconsistency (lack of clarity about the job description or requirements) and 'other causes'. We will look in particular at other causes which are especially relevant to lawyers.
In passing, it is noteworthy that compared with the rate across all workplace sizes small workplaces (fewer than 50 employees) had a statistically significantly lower rate of workrelated stress, depression or anxiety while larger workplaces (250 + employees) had statistically significantly higher rates. Medium sized organizations (50 - 249 employees) were not significantly different from the rates across all workplaces (Health and Safety Executive, 2018).
Research has been undertaken as to whether certain personality types may be predisposed to work-related burnout. The findings are so far inconclusive but it may be that those of a more conscientious and/or neurotic nature may be more vulnerable (Maslach and Leiter, 2008).
Certain traits are vital if a lawyer is to work competently. A draughtsman must be conscientious, perfectionist, thorough and attend to fine detail. A partner in a law firm has to be resilient, independent and self-reliant. An associate who is driven and has high expectations of their own performance is more likely to achieve than one who is not. An advocate who is persuasive, sceptical, good in debate and who has strong personal charisma is likely to be more effective than others. An attorney who is good on paper will benefit from being analytical, intellectual, cautious and be able to see both sides of an argument. This, however, is just one side of the coin. On the other, where these characteristics become closely woven into a lawyer's sense of identity, personal satisfaction, self-esteem, and relationships they can become self-destructive (Lyon, 2015: 19). "Thinking 'like a lawyer' is fundamentally negative; it is critical, pessimistic, and depersonalising. It is a damaging paradigm in law schools because it is usually conveyed, and understood, as a new and superior way of thinking, rather than an important but strictly limited legal tool" (Kreiger, 2002). And some have simply worked themselves into areas of legal practice for which they are temperamentally unsuited.
After six months off work and a career change, John (an advocate in his 40s) told me, "That night after court was crash and burn. In the morning as I was walking to court every step I took was harder. My legs felt like lead. I knew that I had prepared well but there was something about standing in court that was overwhelming. I realised after the hearing that I was just not cut out for advocacy".
Sadly, bullying and sexual harassment continue to be common in legal workplaces. A recent IBA survey of the legal profession from 135 countries revealed that one in two female respondents and one in three male respondents had experienced bullying. Sexual harassment was also found to be common with one in three female respondents and one in 14 male respondents having been sexually harassed in a work context (International Bar Association, 2019).
For some the pressures caused by workplace stress are cumulative; for others they are sudden and immediately overwhelming.
"I was getting on fine at work. I had made partner by my mid-30s. Home was good, family was great, the money was good. Work was hard and the hours were long but it felt rewarding. I was coping - just. Then suddenly it was like I was handed a lump of kryptonite. My Superman image crumbled. My energy drained. Everything was exhausting. That was just after my wife got her diagnosis of stage three lung cancer." (Andrew. Corporate lawyer.)
Some work types are inherently demanding, especially those involving clients or witnesses who have experienced trauma.
Jennifer was an able advocate with a growing reputation and caseload in prosecuting child abuse cases. After about seven years her reputation was such that her workload was almost exclusively related to child sexual abuse. In addition to the long working hours, the distressing and traumatic nature of her caseload began to take its toll. She had nightmares, poor sleep, was continually exhausted and felt that she was beginning to treat the victims as robots. Her attitude to the work became more cynical. She had begun to see the warning signs and wondered if she should give up this work type.
Some lawyer psychodynamics
Human experience is multifactorial. We have bodies and minds. We share aspects that are seen and unseen, conscious and unconscious. Events occur around us and inside our minds. There is an interaction between memory, present experience and future expectation. Our interpretation of overlapping subjective and objective meanings of events, relationships and situations will vary from time to time. There is an interaction between our bodies, minds and society around us and an interplay between bodily sensations, thoughts, feelings and environment. We are rather complex beings.
There is an interaction between our bodies, minds and society around us and an interplay between bodily sensations, thoughts, feelings and environment. We are rather complex beings
On a simple level, the way that we think, feel and socialize could be compared to the cause and effect of balls shooting around a pool table. In reality it is more like the hugely complex interactions within the human brain. With this in mind, and with a view to making things manageable, we will limit ourselves to the frames of reference for burnout outlined by Freudenberger and Maslach introduced above.
Recognising that a worker's internal experience of strain is assumed to play a mediating role between the impact of external job demands (stressors) and work-related outcomes (such as absenteeism or illness), Maslach and Leiter (2008) proposed a 'Burnout - Engagement' model. Drawing on research into burnout over three decades they conceptualized people's psychological relationships to their jobs as a continuum between the negative experience of burnout and the positive experience of engagement. In this context of 'engagement' is defined as "an energetic state of involvement with personally fulfilling activities that enhance one's sense of professional efficacy". They described three interrelated dimensions of the continuum operating within six key domains of the workplace environment (workload, control, reward, community, fairness and values):
exhaustion-energy,
cynicism-involvement, and
inefficacy-efficacy.
'Looking back, it was my year from hell'. Peter (a senior partner in a large law firm) was reflecting on a period of about nine months when everything seemed to go wrong. He had unexpectedly lost a key member of his department. He was unable to recruit a replacement and his workload virtually doubled for several months. His wife had been unwell and his father had died around the same time. He was able to hold things together for a while, but his sense of connection with his colleagues and clients seemed to evaporate and the increase in work and additional responsibility gradually overloaded him. He was ashamed that he occasionally had thoughts about ending it all. He consulted his doctor who diagnosed clinical depression, prescribed medication and referred him for therapy.
Burnout commonly overlaps with clinical depression. The lawyer feels exhausted, hopeless, indifferent, and may feel that life has no meaning
In Maslach and Leiter's model Peter's energy was drained, he detached from people and his work output suffered. His experience also overlaps closely with Freudenberger and North's 12 phases of burnout (Kraft, 2006). The stages can be regarded as factors in a constellation of experience. They are not necessarily sequential, but for many forms a recognizable pattern:
1. A compulsion to prove oneself.
Most lawyers start their careers with ambition. This can turn into determination and compulsion when pressures increase. Pressure to hit billing targets and hours worked often start on day one. And then one needs to keep up with peers and not to be out-performed.
2. Working harder.
They then need to maintain targets and put in long hours. This can lead to an obsession with autonomy and independence. Some will develop a notion of their own irreplaceability. Sometimes this can lead to trying to fit into an organization that they realize does not suit them.
3. Neglecting one's needs.
With most of their energy devoted to work, sometimes little time is left for relaxation and recreation. Relationships begin to suffer, and sleep is lost. Initially this can seem like a necessary and altruistic commitment to one's career or organization. It can be exciting to feel like a martyr.
4. Displacement of conflicts.
A vague sense of unease develops, a sense that something is not quite right. But at this point it feels easier to try to cope with the pressures rather than to think about the underlying anxieties. Often around this time physical symptoms can begin to present themselves.
5. Revision of values.
Isolation, avoidance of conflict and the lawyer's denial of basic physical needs can change their perceptions. Personal values are revised and one's standard of evaluating self-worth is transferred to work status and achievement. This can lead to emotional blunting.
6. Denial of emerging problems.
Others now begin to notice, but tolerate, behavior al changes such as negativity, irritability, and self-preoccupation. The lawyer may become less sociable, or aggressive or sarcastic. They begin to acknowledge the pressures but attribute them to work demands, rather than to the way that they have adapted to cope with the cultural expectations of the workplace.
7. Withdrawal.
Some become withdrawn and socially isolated. Social contact is reduced to a minimum. They can feel increasingly without hope or direction. It is easy at this point to turn to alcohol, drugs or other potential addictions.
8. Obvious behavior al changes.
Gradually colleagues, clients and family are unable to overlook the behavior al changes. Fellow lawyers may talk behind backs about colleagues and clients may make a formal complaints. Conflict in the workplace and at home can become the norm.
9. Depersonalization.
Lawyers no longer see themselves or others as valuable and no longer perceive their own needs. All that matters is what is happening at the moment; past and future are forgotten. Living can turn into a series of mechanical functions.
10. Inner emptiness.
People experience a sense of inner emptiness and may use food, drugs, alcohol, sex or gambling to fill the void. Leisure time can feel like dead time.
11. Depression.
Burnout commonly overlaps with clinical depression. The lawyer feels exhausted, hopeless, indifferent, and may feel that life has no meaning.
12. Burnout syndrome.
At this point suicidal ideation is common. Sometimes it is acted out. Immediate medical attention is required following mental and physical collapse.
"Not more regulation … please!" was the exasperated (and censored) response of one of the delegates after I had given the presentation at a law conference several years ago. I was outlining aspects of wellbeing and mental health in the legal profession and suggested that the Solicitors Regulation Authority for England and Wales might be persuaded to incorporate a requirement for law firms to consider employee wellbeing as part of their forthcoming Competence Statement for solicitors. This suggestion was received by at least one lawyer with horror.
On reflection, I now agree with the delegate's sentiment. Enhancing wellbeing in the legal profession cannot be a matter of compulsion, but rather one of cultural change. And if the increasing number of studies into lawyer wellbeing is any measure, it seems the culture is changing. Slowly.
All organizations have a culture of their own. The rituals and values of the organization are determined by its leaders, its history and the role characteristics attributed to and performed by those working in the organization. When exploring the concept of burnout we need to assess the impact on an individual of these organizational values (Maslach and Leiter, 2008). As we saw in the HSE report, (Health and Safety Executive, 2018) it seems larger organizations are generally prone to higher rates of stress related illness and, without determined proactive initiative, will be inherently less adaptable and responsive to employee strain through sheer size of the workplace.
So, what can individuals and organizations do to improve resilience and reduce the risks of burnout?
The Five Ways to Wellbeing are a set of evidence-based actions which promote wellbeing. The activities are simple things individuals can do in their everyday lives. They were developed by the New Economics Foundation from evidence gathered in the UK government's Foresight Project on Mental Capital and Wellbeing (New Economics Foundation, 2011) and are simple, adaptable, universal and holistic. The project drew on research into mental capital and mental wellbeing throughout life. The Five Ways are a summary of the project's findings. They have been used by health organizations, schools and community projects across the UK and globally to help people take action to improve their wellbeing. They are:
Connect. Evidence indicates that feeling close to, and valued by other people is a fundamental human need and one that contributes to functioning well in the world.
Be active. Regular physical activity is linked with lower rates of depression and anxiety.
Take notice. Studies have shown that being aware of what is taking place in the present moment directly enhances wellbeing.
Learn. Continued learning through life enhances self-esteem and encourages social interaction and a more active life.
Give. Participation in social and community life has been shown to enhance wellbeing.
In addition to providing a telephone helpline for lawyers in the UK and Ireland, legal charity LawCare has many resources for thinking about wellbeing both from an individual and organizational perspective (lawcare.org.uk). Many other law associations providing lawyer support, particularly in the USA and Australia, provide useful guidance. A simple internet search in a lawyer's own jurisdiction will reveal what is available. However, in countries where such support is unavailable, the LawCare site will be a helpful first point of reference.
LawCare has also published information for creating mentally healthy legal workplaces (LawCare, 2019b). This includes guidance on fostering a culture of wellbeing, reducing stigma, identifying mental health champions, enhancing work / life balance, including mental health training as part of ongoing learning, mentoring, peer support and supervision. Working through and applying these steps will go a long way to reducing the likelihood of staff burnout. As we noted, burnout is an outcome of badly managed chronic workplace stress (World Health Organization, 2019).
Burnout is an outcome of badly managed chronic workplace stress
The introduction of mental health first aid (MHFA) training in organizations is enabling staff to recognize signs of strain in co-workers and to take steps to address them at an informal level. MHFA helps to educate and to de-stigmatize the experience of mental illness in the culture of an organization (MHFA, 2019).
A recent comprehensive report published by the City of London Corporation (2014) into promoting best practice in employee health and wellbeing in the City contains useful generic guidelines for best practice. The authors note that mental wellbeing is the area of workplace health which most companies wanted to develop. With the exception of some examples, mental health is generally not integrated and managed within the workplace by City organizations, with provision being very much at an individual level. Management training for recognizing and managing mental health issues is becoming increasingly common. Steps for best practice include health promotion and wellness program, mental health program and the need for organizational approaches involving holistic embedded approaches to workplace health improvement. It is noted that health and wellbeing are inextricably linked to the bottom line of business. This ties in exactly with the observations above concerning energy, involvement and efficacy leading to staff engagement (Maslach and Leiter, 2008).
On an international level, the IBA's 10 recommendations for addressing bullying and sexual harassment in the legal profession apply equally to the avoidance of burnout, namely raising awareness, revising and implementing policies and standards, introducing regular customised training, increasing dialogue and best practice sharing, taking ownership of the problem, gathering data and improving transparency, exploring flexible reporting models, engaging with younger members of the profession, appreciating the wider context, and maintaining momentum (International Bar Association, 2019).
Richard Collier, law professor at Newcastle University in the UK, has observed these pressures firsthand amongst academics and students. He, amongst others, has highlighted the need for focus on the place of emotion in a traditional university law degree, what it means to learn to 'think like a lawyer' and how wellbeing might be better embedded with legal education and training, and when transitioning from an educational setting to a career as a young lawyer (Collier, 2019b). His and other voices echo Freudenberger's plea three decades ago to "consider what values our training institutions and universities impart that do not prepare us for what we will find once we enter our professions and work in our chosen fields" (Freudenberger, 1989). Interestingly, as a result of the initiative of the newly formed Mental Health Institute of Legal Professions in Spain, in early 2019 the Catalan Bar Association introduced a regulation emphasising the need for members' training in 'emotional intelligence, empathy and active listening skills' to enhance their professional competence and wellbeing (ISMA, 2019). From small acorns …
In her 2008 report on mental illness and substance abuse among lawyers and law students in the USA Laura Rothstein, professor of law at the University of Kansas, wrote, "Although there is a great deal of research and information on these issues, it is difficult to synthesise and assess what is working" (emphasis mine) (Rothstein, 2008).
Well, as we have seen, much has been done over the last decade to analyses what works and what does not. An increasing number of larger law firms worldwide have been making lawyer wellbeing an essential and integral part of their business. For the most part there seems to be a growing recognition that if the welfare of its people is prioritized, a firm's productivity and profit will look healthier too.
Healthy systems of justice worldwide depend on mentally healthy lawyers
However, this is not merely about growing healthy organizations. Law holds together the framework of society, from families to nations. Lawyers are the voice of the voiceless. If we are not able to play our part in maintaining the rule of law and defending human rights, who will? Lawyers on their way to burnout undermine the framework. The voiceless are silenced. Healthy systems of justice worldwide depend on mentally healthy lawyers.
See article references.
The Bar Council (2015), 'Wellbeing at the Bar' available at
City of London Corporation (2014), 'Best Practice in Promoting Employee Health and Wellbeing in the City of London' available at
Collier, R. (2019a), 'The Wellbeing of Legal Academics – A Missing Piece of the Legal Profession's 'Wellness' Turn?' available at
Collier, R. (2019b), 'How do we tackle the legal profession's mental health problem?' available at
Conway, H. L. (2019), 'Bringing mental illness into the open' available at
Freudenberger, H.J. (1974), 'Staff burnout', Journal of Social Issues, 30, pp.159-165
Freudenberger, H. J. (1989), 'Burnout: Past, Present, and Future Concerns'. In Wessells Jr., D. T., Kutscher, A., Seeland, I.B., et al. (eds.), 'Professional Burnout in Medicine and the Helping Professions', Routledge, New York.
Health and Safety Executive (2018), 'Work related stress depression or anxiety statistics in Great Britain, 2018', available at
Homer, (1946), 'The Odyssey (translated by E. V. Rieu)', Penguin Books, London.
IBA Global Employment Institute (2019), 'The Seventh IBA GEI Annual Global Report – National regulatory trends in Human Resources law' available at
Iberian Lawyer (2018), 'The secret terror' available at
International Bar Association (2019), 'Us too? Bullying and Sexual Harassment in the Legal Profession' available at
ISMA (2019), 'Day of celebration for Catalan lawyers' available at
Kelk, N. J., Luscombe, G. M., Medlow, S. & Hickie, I. B. (2009), 'Courting the Blues: Attitudes towards depression in Australian law students and lawyers', BMRI Monograph 2009-1, Brain & Mind Research Institute, Sydney.
Kraft, U. (2006), 'Burned Out', Scientific American Mind, 17, pp.29-33.
Krieger, L. S. (2002), 'Institutional Denial About the Dark Side of Law School, and Fresh Empirical Guidance for Constructively Breaking the Silence', Journal of Legal Education, 52, pp.112-129.
LawCare (2019a), 'Calls to lawyer helpline about bullying and harassment increase' available at
LawCare (2019b), 'Creating Mentally Healthy Legal Workplaces' available at
The Law Society (2019), 'Junior Lawyers Division Resilience and wellbeing survey report 2019' available at
Lyon, A. W. (2015), 'A Lawyer's Guide to Wellbeing and Managing Stress', ARK Group, London.
Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (2008), 'Early Predictors of Job Burnout and Engagement', Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, pp.498-512.
Mateen, F. J., and Dorji, C. (2009), 'Health-care worker burnout and the mental health imperative', The Lancet, 374, pp.595-7.
MHFA (2019), Mental Health First Aid International Guidelines available at
New Economics Foundation (2011), 'Five Ways to Wellbeing - New applications, new ways of thinking' available at
Patel K. A., Rajderkar S. S., and Naik J. D. (2012), 'Occupational stress and burnouts as predictors of job satisfaction amongst lawyers in District Sangli', National Journal of Medical Research, 2, pp.141-144.
Rothstein, L. (2008), 'Law Students and Lawyers with Mental Health and Substance Abuse Problems: Protecting the Public and the Individual', University of Pittsburgh Review, 69, pp.530-565.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., and Maslach, C. (2009), 'Burnout: 35 years of research and practice', Career Development International, 14, pp.204-220.
Tsai, F., Huang, W., and Chan, C. (2009), 'Occupational stress and burnout of lawyers', Journal of Occupational Health, 51, pp.443-450.
World Health Organisation (2019), 'Burn-out an "occupational phenomenon": International Classification of Diseases' available at
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For a child from the slums going to school is a big challenge. Parents search for better schools, but children from the slums have to walk extra miles, cross dangerous roads or have to hustle to get on the bus. Matatu touts do not want to take the risks of taking children alone. Razia from Kiambiu slums goes to school very early in the morning because school is very far. Private schools in the slums are cheap, but most of them do not have qualified teachers and good exercise books. Your reporters from African Slum Journal are Brenda, Musa, Eriss and Peris.


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How to Write in Collaboration with Your Life Partner: A Case Study of Husband and Wife Team Alex Knudsen & Charlotte Zang
Inspirational Indie Authors
Husband and wife collaborators Alex Knudsen and Charlotte Zang
For Valentine's Day, we couldn't resist running this husband-and-wife case study of Alex Knudsen and Charlotte Zang. Although they don't co-write their books, each self-publishing their own titles. they each help the other make their books the best they can be. There are plenty of authors who don't have the support of their loved ones for their writing career, or may even be dismissive or actively hostile towards their author ambitions. Whichever situation applies to you, take heart from Alex and Charlotte's double act, described in their conversation below.
ALEX: I feel extremely lucky to have my closest writing collaborator be my immensely talented wife, Charlotte Zang. She has independently published three novels and just finished the first draft of her fourth. She is an English major, and writes such wonderful and always fitting description for the worlds and characters she creates. This is something that doesn't come as natural to me, so her help in that area is priceless.
CHARLOTTE: The only writing collaboration I've had is the ongoing one with my husband Alex and it is truly ideal. Alex comes from an acting background, having studied at USC and been in dozens of plays and films. He has also invested in over twenty years of psychotherapy. That helps when formulating characters, knowing back stories and motivations, and reflects greatly on how a character would react to situations. Alex's insight has proved immensely helpful, and I relish aiding Alex with my comfort area of prose and structure. Sometimes I think I write better prose for him in his revisions than I do in my own books, but that's fine.
It's all about seeing each other succeed, and we offer our talents to each other without hesitation, uninhibited truth and trust.
How do we not fight? I trust him. I trust that I can expect him to offer me an informed solution, not just offer the blanket 'that doesn't work', which does nothing for me. We fix, tutor and mold…together. But it takes trusting in yourself as well. Trusting in my work and my story, enough to defend it when I believe something is right. I feel that Alex and I both really allow that.
ALEX: Any comments, questions or suggestions that we throw each other's way are always done with a natural respect for the work and for each other. We don't take it personally, which I think comes from the fact that we're both writers. In the past, I struggled with listening to suggestions and soon realized that it was because I was querying non-writers and the only thing I wanted to know was if they liked it, understood it and/or cared about the characters, I wasn't looking for writing advice.
Charlotte is not only a writer, but a writer whose works I greatly admire, so not only am I open to advice, I rely on it and relish it.
Whereas I deliver Charlotte a completed draft for structure and description notes, Charlotte tends to come to me sporadically throughout the process with character questions and insight on back story which can really inform where her characters go from that point on. I think we both love helping each other in these uniquely different areas.
CHARLOTTE: I think in any collaboration there has to be some like-mindedness. We might not like the same things, but we have similar tastes. And that works in a couple of aspects:
Firstly it allows me to get out of the world of fantasy and Alex to get out of his world of dark, human tragedy.
Secondly, it keeps us from being one note, as every great story tends to have a peppering of different genres. Too much darkness is depressing, and too much lightness is just plain boring really.
Top Tips to Other Writing Couples
If we had some words of advice they would be these:
Have a conversation, don't be defensive.
Show them the positives too, not just what needs changing. Both are equally helpful in mastering ones craft.
Don't push the other person to go over revisions if they had a bad day, nothing will go right.
Charlotte Zang is the author of the three self-published novels: the fantastical romantic comedy Satan's In Your Kitchen, the gothic fantasy Consuming Beauty and the horror novel Blooding. Born in Annapolis, MD, she now lives in southern California with her loving husband and their two Basset Hounds. For more information about Charlotte, visit her website: www.charlottezang.com
Alex Knudsen is the author of the upcoming horror novel The Nawie and is an established screenwriter and filmmaker for Gantry Productions. Born in Minneapolis, MN, he has made southern California his home for the past 20 years and now lives with his wife and fellow author Charlotte Zang and their two Basset Hound children Maggie and Penny. For more information about Alex, visit his website: www.alexknudsen.com
A #Valentine's special on the @indiauthoralli #Author Advice blog today about collaboration between husband & wife authors @CharlotteZang & @AlexJKnudsen Click To Tweet
OVER TO YOU Does your life partner help or hinder your writing life? We'd love to hear both case studies and cautionary tales!
DID YOU SEE THIS OTHER INTERESTING POST ABOUT ANOTHER GREAT WRITING PARTNERSHIP?
A Case Study of Writing in Collaboration: Academic Author + Screenwriter = Thriller
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I'm fortunate in that my husband does support my work. Before he retired from his day job, he was a non-fiction editor and writer for Time-Life books and when they closed he took on a number of contract jobs with other entities like National Geographic travel books, Sunset Magazine, and a stint writing books for K-12 private schools. His background is history and language, specifically military history. He does help me a lot when I'm writing military characters in my suspense/thriller series.
When we were first married we did try writing together on my first romance novel. He's a musician and the series is about a group of women musicians who are in n Americana band together. The problem was he had never read a romance novel and didn't understand the tropes. After one particular argument of would she do something at this point in the book, I made him read three Nora Roberts novels. It helped, but the reality is he doesn't love the genre and he reads very little fiction outside of thrillers.
Later in our marriage we tried again with my first fantasy novel. He does like fantasy. He did read Harry Potter when our kids were growing up and he's read Tolkein. In this instance, he felt very uncomfortable with the world building. His mind is more on practical things–thus his love of nonfiction. In fact, he often tells people that there is no way he could think up all these things in a new world with magic, but he appreciates it.
We decided it was best for him to be the background support person instead of a co-writer. He does help with my romantic suspense because the men in those books are all Marines and that is in his wheelhouse. He also has been more productive as a musician since retirement, and that gives me a chance to be in the background and support him as a roadie and doing sound checks for balance. And we have had some collaboration on original music. I provide some lyrics on a concept, he works on the music for those lyrics and then refines the lyrics and music to fit.
It's wonderful to have another creative in the house–though it's not in writing. But it builds a bond of understanding the hard work it takes to live the creative life. I feel very blessed that he supports me.
previous post: Self-publishing Success Story: Connie Suttle, Fantasy Writer
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bugle flower meaning
13th century, in the meaning defined above, 14th century, in the meaning defined above, Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin bugula, Middle English, buffalo, instrument made of buffalo horn, bugle, from Anglo-French, from Latin buculus, diminutive of bos head of cattle — more at cow. It was first published in Punch , … Delivered to your inbox! Trumpet vine blooms on new wood, meaning that the flower buds form the same year the flowers bloom. Ajuga reptans is commonly known as bugle, blue bugle, bugleherb, bugleweed, carpetweed, carpet bugleweed, and common bugle, and traditionally but less commonly as St. Lawrence plant.It is an herbaceous flowering plant, in the mint family, native to Europe.It is invasive in parts of North America. Accessed 2 Dec. 2020. An angel with open wings is thought to represent the flight of the soul to heaven. We can receive a message in this way either when we encounter a flower on the physical plane, or when we encounter a flower on the spirit plane, in our 'dreams'. Shipping Notice and COVID-19 Safety … During the Victorian era, The Language of Flowers created an ultra-romantic language for lovers' correspondence in which flowers replaced words. The flowers are usually blue, purple and white. Flowers in the park. 'Cease' vs. 'Seize': Explaining the Difference. The term Ajuga which might have been a variant of the term Abija has been derived from the Latin word abigo, meaning to drive away. This flower is often used to illustrate one's deepest feelings of love. Excellent condition with the original finish and the rolled back sides. The Iris is a gorgeous flower that comes in different colors and can bring a fresh summer spirit … represents a group of semi-hardy, woody shrubs or small trees that bear enormous, fragrant blossoms shaped like trumpets or the gowns of angels.Flowers may be single or double and come in colors of white, pink, yellow, gold, peach, and orange. This aptly named flower is believed to, yes, promote patience, increase restfulness, and prompt greater hesitation in the user. Flowers are one of the most wonderful creations that mother nature has ever gifted to mankind. It is characterized by a quick-growing woody vine that can reach heights of 30 to 40 feet. bugle synonyms, bugle pronunciation, bugle translation, English dictionary definition of bugle. See more. Distribution Very rare and found in just a few places in the Chilterns, Cotswolds, East Anglia and Lincolnshire. Tulips still to this day are one of my favourite flowers, I always think of him. blue bugle - upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe Ajuga genevensis , erect bugle bugle , bugleweed - any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover What made you want to look up bugle? We can receive a message in this way either when we encounter a flower on the physical plane, or when we encounter a flower on the spirit plane, in our 'dreams'. 1942-43 PATTERN HOLLOW BACK TYPE 3 DISK SET TANK CORPS WITH FLOWER NUT: This was almost a transition into the type 5 clutch disks but thas the screw post with the early brass flower pattern nut. Habitats. Grassland; Did you know? Acrylic Beads Trumpet Flower Frosted Morning Glory Iris. This points to Birmingham between 1845 and 1846. Ajuga plants have shiny, rounded evergreen leaves and erect stems with small, but attractive flowers. flower bugle - ... ENGLISH MEANING. The plant tends to escape its boundaries and spread through many areas. Angels may also be shown carrying the deceased in their arms as if taking or escorting them to heaven. The Bugle is one of the nine items in Wario Land 4 that can be bought at the Item Shop at a price of six medals. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème motifs perler, perle, motifs tissage de perles. One blue flower that happens to be a top favorite is the cornflower, which interestingly enough has a strong symbolic meaning in several cultures and religions. It is also linked to a folklore tale in Korea. 4. Queen Elizabeth's brooches often have sentimental value and historical significance. 2. Definition of blue bugle, with etymology, pronunciation (phonetic and audio), synonyms, antonyms, derived terms and more about the word blue bugle. Synonyms for bugle include clarion, cornet, trumpet, misery pipe, horn, shophar, instrument, cornucopia, nose and snout. Duty Stamp: A portrait of a young Queen Victoria. 2. woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section 1. 30% off limited time offer if you shop today. What can be more pleasing than beholding the scenic beauty of roses, the lilies, the violets, the tulips, the orchids and the list goes on! Native to Central and South America, angel's trumpet (Brugmansia sp.) Trumpet flower definition is - any of various plants (such as a trumpet vine or a datura) with trumpet-shaped flowers. The name refers to the medicinal properties of the plant. BUGLE Ajuga Reptans HISTORY-The name is derived from "Buglas," a thin glass pipe used in embroidery. Flower meanings can certainly add a special dimension to your bridal bouquets, especially if you choose a flower your fiance gave you while he was courting. In the fall, thick pods resembling bean pods appear and are spread by the wind. The flower that sprouts from the angel's trumpet (of the genus Brugmansia) is a lovely bell shape perfect for a picturesque garden — but the plant has a dark secret. earleliason Getty Images 4 of 17 Genus name comes from the Greek word kampe meaning bent in reference to the bent stamens on plant flowers. Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. Detailed dream meaning of flowers. Gerard calls it "Bugula" and "Consolida Media." Culpeper calls it "Middle Confounds," "Middle Comfrey," "Sicklewort" and "Herb Carpenter." Flowers Bugle delivered same day anywhere in Bugle. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? So why not fill your home with symbols of … 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? Watsonia symbolism: Watsonia symbolizes innocence, purity and chastity. To see flowers in a field, in a dream signifies that you will have a new challenge and this will result in a cheerful temperament. Originally, the "Like" button on Facebook had the meaning "Awesome". In the past, it was a flower that could be planted in nobles' houses in Korea. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). An Anemome means Sincerity A Carnation means Joy A Crocus means Gladness A Daffodil means Respect A Daisy means Innocence A Fern means Grace A Freesia means Trust Heather means Admiration Huckleberry means Faith An Iris means Promise A Lilac means Beauty A Lily means Devotion A Mum means Hope An Orchid means … Ajuga is a genus of about 70 species in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, Africa and western Asia. The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! Bugle is much loved by bumblebees. The planters are looking really nice and the sweet Williams are just coming into flower. Jonquil definition: a Eurasian amaryllidaceous plant, Narcissus jonquilla with long fragrant yellow or white... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples • TRUMPET FLOWER (noun) The noun TRUMPET FLOWER has 3 senses: 1. The groom, too, wears a flower that appears in the bridal bouquet in his button-hole. Bugle definition: A bugle is a simple brass musical instrument that looks like a small trumpet . Check Availability . View More Pictures. noun. Depicted as a jagged yellow bolt. Bugleweed is in the Lamiaceae (mint) family and is native to north-western Africa (Algeria and Tunisia), Europe and western Asia (Iran, northern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and southern Russia). Bugles were test-marketed in 1965 and introduced nationally in early 1966 as one of several new General Mills snacks, including flower-shaped Daisies, wheel-shaped Pizza Spins and tube-shaped Whistles, all of which were discontinued in the 1970s. May be used as a weather icon to represent… ⚡ High Voltage. Seeing flowerpots. And then, there's the moment an officer pulls a gun on the local flower peddler and police embarrasser. Bugle is also known as "carpenter's herb" due to its supposed ability to stem bleeding. It is especially helpful for those in transition, those resisting letting go of material attachments, or those engaged in the literal dying process. They are mostly perennials, but some are annuals. Bugles are... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Petals in dreams. Laelia Orchid (Laelia Rubescens) This flower is also called the "rosy-tinted laelia." It grows on trees … Bugle definition, a brass wind instrument resembling a cornet and sometimes having keys or valves, used typically for sounding military signals. The Trumpet Vine, nicknamed cow-itch or trumpet creeper, originated in the eastern United States. The 'reptans' in its Latin name is derived from 'repto', meaning 'creeping, crawling'. Bugle Hut Flowers Delivered, Fresh and Same Day to Bugle Hut with zFlowers.com. With this vine, buds form in spring and are followed by summer blooming. Bugle is much loved by bumblebees. The deep blue flower spikes of Bugle can be found carpeting damp grasslands, scrub and woodland clearings on fertile soils. When my husband and I first started dating, he gave me tulips, so I used them as part of my bouquet. While an ancient legend assigned the flower a meaning of bashfulness and shame, other interpretations include romance, romantic love, and beauty in all forms. Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring flowering perennial plants of the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae.Various common names including daffodil, narcissus and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Learn a new word every day. Choosing your wedding flowers can be difficult, but learning what each bloom really means can make your decision a little easier. Bugles were developed by a food engineer, Verne E. Weiss of Plymouth Minnesota. To strike with strong force: "The fields were often baked by the sun and bludgeoned by savage thunderstorms" (Linda Hasselstrom). Fast, Fresh, bouquets and arrangements delivered daily in Bugle Hut However, thanks to the lack of any brain power on the force, they neglected to realize there's a "recently deleted" folder in most smartphones, meaning the video wasn't actually erased. Later this was shortened to bugle. Fresh Fast Flower delivery in Bugle. Bugle Beads are a great addition to any beading, crafting or jewelry-making project. Emoji Meaning Blue raindrops falling from a white cloud with a lightning bolt flashing. The same goes for flowers that symbolizes new beginnings and each one has its own meaning and special language. bugle - Meaning in Afrikaans, what is meaning of common in Afrikaans dictionary, audio pronunciation, synonyms and definitions of common in Afrikaans and English. Altogether, these flowers' meanings reveal the hope of a loving, everlasting marriage. eons 1. We will not be restocking this item so get them now before they are sold out. Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with purple-brown ridges in the throat. List of adjectives, synonyms, and related terms to describe flowers. An Anemome means Sincerity A Carnation means Joy A Crocus means Gladness A Daffodil means Respect A Daisy means Innocence A Fern means Grace A Freesia means Trust Heather means Admiration Huckleberry means Faith An … Price: $23.00 for the pair . Search my shop for different quantities of this item for a total of what remains by entering the inventory numbers/letters in the ( ) at the end of the title. 3. It is a flower widely associated with spring, however a great flower to give during New Year. 20 nov. 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "Motifs perler" de Azhar Sabah sur Pinterest. Dictionary entry overview: What does trumpet flower mean? The angel, or "messenger of God," may appear in many different poses, each with its own individual meaning. Everything about this flower means something good (well, almost good)- a rare trait in floral lure. ... having opposite leaves, square stems, and terminal spikes of purplish to white flowers. This stems from the Medieval tradition of wearing his Lady's colors, as a declaration of his love. In early English, the word bugle meant "wild ox." The horns of oxen were made into signaling devices for soldiers and hunters, first called bugle horns. Bugle (plant) From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening wiki Jump to: navigation, search ... [] Bugleweed The low, dense spreading habit of bugleweed makes an excellent ground cover for part-shade or shady areas.The round green leaves often have a purple tinge and low, short spikes of violet-blue flowers add spring interest. Emoji Meaning A symbol for high voltage, as warns against injury from electricity. (For example, did you know that magnolia means "love of nature" and stephanotis signifies "marital happiness"?) Flowers are a bright orange or scarlet color and have an appealing trumpet shape. See more. photo credit via McQueens Flowers London. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Jun 23, 2020 - Benefits Of Bugle (Ajuga Reptans) For Health Benefits Of Bugle (Ajuga Reptans) For Health The flower is called Chinese trumpet vine / Campsis radicans (in Korean 능소화) that has the symbolic meaning of waiting. Flowers can also be used to convey a message, and to share our feelings. This flower remedy is so wonderful for those who are ready to release and free their souls unto the Divine. Generalization of meaning is extending the previous meaning and making it more abstract. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. If we encounter a broken flower, the meaning of the flower will usually be reversed. Flower/Plant: Meaning: Absinth. The Bugle varies from a real life bugle, since it has multicolored stripes on it. The flower's fragrance and vibrant colors give it the attributes of peacefulness, wholeness, and modesty. The daffodil for example is one such perfect example of a flower, which is great to give to someone who is starting something new or making a fresh start. Thursday, March 3 | Flower Facts, Cut Flowers. This spring alpine flower has pure white petals on the outside and the innermost petals are edged with dark green. Once established, the plant spreads quickly, making it an ideal ground cover plant for areas with part or full shade. All items in the Item Shop can be purchased to assist Wario in defeating a boss by doing pre-damage at the battle's start. A showstopping shrub that transforms any space into a tropical getaway, angel's trumpet boasts huge, pendulous blooms that perfume the air after sunset. Which word describes a musical performance marked by the absence of instrumental accompaniment. Standard: The traditional lion passant meaning it is 925, Sterling silver. The typical meaning of this flower is 'love flower'. To summarize it, there was a court lady named SoHwa who was loved by the king in the palace. Use the below list to find different terms pertaining to flowers. Here, the meanings behind 10 of the Queen's most stunning brooches. Also called bugleweed. Define bugle. I really do not know why I did this, I was kind of bored xD Smileys & Emotion People & Body Animals & Nature Food & Drink Symbols Travel & Places Objects Activities Flags Component. It was a popular ingredient in herbal remedies, particularly for stopping bleeding. Name meaning: The genus name is given in honor of English botanist, physician and naturalist Sir William Watson (1715-1787). Use your browers 'back button' to return to this key pad. It is a blacke herbe and it groweth in shaddowy places and moyst groundes History. Watsonia (bugle lily) is a genus of plants in the family Iridaceae, subfamily Crocoideae. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; -- called also the Kent bugle. Name meaning: The genus name was derived from the Latin word "Abija", which might have been a variant of the term "abigo", meaning "to drive away".The name refers to the medicinal properties of the plant. Recent Updates  K-Pop Thanksgiving Day Black Friday  Asana  LinkedIn  S Ajuga symbolism: Ajuga symbolizes cheerfulness. The plants, especially Ajuga reptans, can be invasive and run rampant. Plant Description . Date Letter: A "W" in an artistic font. Ajuga has been used as a natural remedy for cough, respiratory disorders, hormonal disorders, nosebleeds, heavy menstrual bleeding, anxiety, sleeplessness, hyperthyroidism, tuberculosis and heart palpitations. The spiritual meaning of flowers in a dream. Bugle definition is - any of a genus (Ajuga) of plants of the mint family; especially : a European annual (A. reptans) that has spikes of blue flowers and is naturalized in the U.S.. What is the origin of bugle? Cow Itch Vine, Hummingbird Vine, Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine, common trumpet creeper, Cow vine, foxglove vine, hell vine and Devil's shoestring are some of the popular common name of the Trumpet vine. ON SALE! An elongated glass bead, of various colors, though Its common name (Bugle Lily) is derived from its distinctly bugle (or trumpet) shape. "Bugle." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bugle. The list contains adjectives, synonyms, terminology, and other descriptive words related to flowers. Assay Office: The anchor stamp represents the Birmingham Assay Office. 2. It is likely to be a corruption of the Latin word "Ajuga," meaning to drive away. According to legend an angel created the snowdrop as a symbol of hope for Eve when she was sent into exile from the garden of Eden. Hanging baskets in dreams. Flower Meanings – List of Flowers With Their Meanings And Pictures. A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. Sign up here to receive emails about plants and Plantlife's work. Emoji Meaning Lightning was approved as part of Unicode 1.1 in 1993. Flowers, similar to colours are often used to convey a message, or to deliver a warning to us. Trumpet flower definition, any of various plants with pendent flowers shaped like a trumpet. Shop at Fire Mountain Gems and Beads. A Truly Complete List of Flower Names and Their Meanings. Coachman definition is - a man who drives a coach or carriage. A horn used by hunters. n. 1. Trumpet flower definition: any of various plants having trumpet-shaped flowers | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Nglish: Translation of bugle for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of bugle for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about bugle. But flowers aren't always gifts; they make beautiful home decorations, too. Our Word of the Year 'pandemic,' plus 11 more. A-F ~~ G-O ~~ P-S ~~ T-Z ~~ Flower Meanings Sorted Alphabetically by Flower Although not a complete list, this alphabetical list of phrases and words with their associated flowers will help you find the right flower to give to your spouse. Music A brass instrument somewhat shorter than a trumpet and lacking keys or valves. Commonly used to… ☇ Lightning. The Meanings of Flowers. Warranty for life by Noble RV and additional 5 year FULL extended warranty was purchased and will transfer over. 3. This plant has some cultivated varieties. The genus name was derived from the Latin word "Abija", which might have been a variant of the term "abigo", meaning "to drive away". However, it can handle drought and dry soils. The plant grows best in moist and well drained soil, with a pH between 4.0 to 6.5. Find out how to use the language of flowers to express deep-felt emotions like love, longing, anticipation, jealousy, hope, and so on. The Meanings of Flowers. And with its unique trumpet-shape flowers and quick-growing nature, this exotic beauty offers a multitude of reasons to give it a try in your own garden. A beautiful, upward bell-shaped flower, the Pasqueflower is easily recognised if found: look for deep purple petals covered in long, silky hairs; a bright yellow, stamen-filled centre; and feathery, grey-green leaves. Here is a list of flower names along with their symbolic meanings. To hit with a heavy club or similar blunt instrument. The flower provided Canadian doctor John McCrae with inspiration for his poem 'In Flanders Fields', which he wrote whilst serving in Ypres in 1915. Thursday, March 3 | Flower Facts, Cut Flowers. Seeing torns, stalks and bulbs in a dream. The meaning behind the blooms shows that you've put a little bit more thought and effort into the gift, it demonstrates how much you care about the person you're giving to. These plants can grow up to 30 cm (1 ft) tall. A weeping angel symbolizes grief, especially mourning an untimely death.
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The Age of Man Began in 1610, New Study Suggests
According to a recent study, the Age of Man, also known as the Anthropocene, started in 1610.
Researchers believe that the arrival of Europeans in the Americas proved to be the biggest impact man had ever had on the planet.
The Europeans' arrival in the Americas actually marked the beginning of a new epoch known as the Age of Man.
The researchers published the findings of their new study in the journal Nature.
However, there is a scientific dispute on when the Anthropocene began; some scientists believe that the Age of Man debuted with the industrial revolution or with the first nuclear testing. They believe these two events are more relevant to the beginnings of the epoch of man.
Others argue that it's too early to determine the starting point of this new epoch, saying that this can only be concluded after thousands and even millions of years.
A team of researchers from the Anthropocene Working Group is currently working to determine the official start date, which they said they will announce sometime next year.
Geologists divide the history of our planet into big periods of time, which coincide with important changes that took place on Earth.
These changes involve events like continental shifts, important changes of climate and asteroids hitting our planet.
Right now we live in what's known as the Holocene Epoch. This began at the end of the Ice Age, approximately 11,500 years ago.
Many experts believe that the man has drastically changed the planet and it is time for a new epoch.
Geologists are studying rocks, sediments and ice and are looking for the signal known as "the golden spike". This signal will reveal the changes suffered by our planet since the Age of Man began.
The latest study reveals that the researchers have found the golden spikes signals and these suggest that the Anthropocene began in 1610.
The scientists explain that the arrival of the Europeans in the Americas marked the beginnings of a very important global transformation.
Dr.Simon Lewis, one of the authors of the new study, believes that after the Europeans discovered the Americas, global trade began to move animal and plant species around the world much easier.
Image Source: bbc


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Houston Texans Tickets
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The owner and chairman of the Texans is currently Bob McNair followed by the vice chairman Chuck Watson. Billy Miller, a tight end, scored the first franchise point for the Texans at Reliant Stadium. Houston Texans games at Reliant Stadium are known for their genuine retractable roof. In fact, Reliant Stadium was the first team to use the retractable roof. Reliant Stadium can hold over 69,500 fans and the best seats are found in the 300's section. For 70 consecutive games, the Houston Texans have been sold out according to the 2009 statistics. The stadium is under a 32-year 30 million dollar contract named for Reliant Energy. It consists of a natural grass surface. Reliant Stadium held Super Bowl XXXVIII on February 1, 2004. On July 23, 2007, Ahman Green received Jason Simmons' jersey number in an agreement with Texan owner Bob McNair to donate $50,000 to a single Houston mother taking care of a child with autism. Regina Foster used the money to purchase a new home. On December 28, 2008, Rookie Steve Slaton of the Houston Texans ran 92 yards to finish as the National Football Leagues leading rookie runner. He also set the Texan single-season record with an impressive total of 1,282 yards rushed. Present day acquired positives include hiring Hall of Famer Bruce Matthews as the offensive assistant of the Texans, signing Antonio Smith from the Arizona Cardinals, and free agent Rex Grossman. The Texans had the 15th pick in the 2009 National Football League Draft, picking up linebacker Brian Cushing. He is expected to make nothing other than an upward climb. Houston Texans tickets can also be found at any major ticket seller online or by calling the number on our site.
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Every Houston Texans ticket is individually verified, and guaranteed as authentic. In the highly unlikely event that tickets purchased are invalid, you will receive a full refund. This guarantee includes tickets to any event that has been cancelled. Tickets to rescheduled events remain valid.