text:
Q: Can a memoize function use a ES6 Map vs a hashtable? Preface: Trying to learn ES6 Maps through converting a simple memoize that leverages a hash table instead.
Question:
Can the starting Object be replaced with a new Map(), if so, how? And are there any advantages? if not, why?

Description:
Here's a memoize that takes function (add) and a starting object({}). On call of the memoized add (mAdd) the parameters are spread.  Finally, the hash index is tested/sets and value is returned.
LINK TO CODE

const memo = (fn, hash) => (...a) => {
  return hash[a] === void 0 ?  hash[a] = fn(...a) : `${hash[a]} memo`;
};

const add = (x, y) =>  x + y;

const mAdd = memo(add, {});

console.log(mAdd(2,2));
console.log(mAdd(2,2));

Not working with maps:

const memo = (fn, map) => (...a) => {
  return map.get(a) === void 0 ?  map.set(a, fn(...a)) : `${map.get(a)} memo`;
};

const add = (x, y) =>  x + y;

const mAdd = memo(add, new Map());

console.log(mAdd(2,2));
console.log(mAdd(2,2));

A: The main problem is that the parameters do not represent the same object. Their contents do, which is why stringifying would work.
Using an object as a hash, also performs a kind of stringify: a property 2,2 is created. (As a side note: this is not full proof, because the contents are flattened. Parameters [1,[2,3]] and [1,2,3] would both create the property [1,2,3] )
However since the Map is actually smarter in a way, the object itself is used as a key and for each call a new object is created for the parameters.
Calling with the same parameters would work, but of course that would make the function less useful:
var pars = [2,2];
console.log(mAdd(pars));
console.log(mAdd(pars));

(the method signature would have to be changed to const memo = (fn, map) => (a) => { for the above to work. Also note that Map.set returns the map object itself and not the value that is being set).
The easiest implementation is to stringify the key. Safest is JSON.stringify to handle all situations, but if you're relatively sure of the contents, you could do something like join instead:
const memo = (fn, map) => (...a) => {
    const key = a.join(',');
  if(map.has(key))
        return `${map.get(key)} memo`;
    let res = fn(...a);
  map.set(key, res );
  return res;
};

Creating the key can be done several ways. stringify is possible, perhaps even  const key = uneval(a); Some sort of hash integer could be created based on length and contents, but its reliability depends on the possible contents. e.g. if it is known that values never exceed 100 and the number of parameters is not overly long, a helper as const createKey = ([a1,...a]) => a.length ? a1 + 100 * createKey(a) : a1; can be called with const key =createKey(a);
Of course for the example directly adding would be always faster than the key creation and key lookup, but for general purposes the method for creating the key is the defining factor.
I realize I'm probably not saying anything new in all of this, but the bottom line is that the passed parameters do not represent the same object. That said, I'd like to suggest another option: create a branched map. The base map containing child-maps (with the first parameter as key) to either the results (with the second parameter as key) or subsequent maps to second elements.
edit An example of said branching (a single map can be used for different functions to reduce the memory footprint):

const memoMap = new Map(); //use a general map for branches for all memoized functions, because result is stored in the child function as the key

const memo = (fn) => (...a) => {
  let key, r = a, map = memoMap;
  while(r.length){
      [key,...r] = r;
      if(map.has(key))
       map = map.get(key);
      else
       map.set(key, map = new Map());
  }
  let res = map.get(fn); //get result for this specific function
  if(res===undefined)
   map.set(fn, res = fn(...a));
  else return `${res} memo`; //<-- line for testing purposes
  return res;
};

const add = (x, y) =>  x + y,
  subtr = (x,y) => x - y,
  mAdd = memo(add);

console.log(mAdd(2,2));
console.log(mAdd(2,2));
console.log(memo(subtr)(2,2));
console.log(memo(subtr)(2,2));

A: The problem is Map uses reference of an object to identify as a key (if the provided key is an object and not a primitive type). In this case a variable is an array and even if it has the same values on each call but the reference of that variable is not the same thus Map understands it as a new key. Have a look at bottom code.

const test = new Map();
const a = ['bla'];
test.set(a, 'b');
console.log(test.get(a));
const f = ['bla'];
console.log(test.get(f));

One workaround to this issue is to stringify the a variable.

const memo = (fn, hash) => (...a) => {
  const key = JSON.stringify(a);
  if (hash.has(key)) {
    return `${hash.get(key)} memo`;
  }
  const val = fn(...a);
  hash.set(key, val);
  return val;
};

const add = (x, y) =>  x + y;

const mAdd = memo(add, new Map());

console.log(mAdd(2,2));
console.log(mAdd(2,2));

Note: your code is not readable at all. So I had to edit it a bit to make it more understandable.


The World Championship was held in Japan – the first time in 6 editions and 18 years. The 10th World Championship at Kyoto was the beginning of the fierce rivalry between Japan and South Korea. For the first time in the history of the competition, the team games were divided in to Division 1 and Division 2. The final of Division 1 saw Japan and Korea fight for the crown for the 4th time in as many editions. This time, Japan surrendered the lead to Korea for the very first time in history, generating a tense, hitherto unknown atmosphere in the arena.
The sempo, Yasushi Hirao (Tokyo Met,) and jiho, Kazuaki Okamoto (Tokyo Met.) drew with their respective Korean opponents after matches with prolonged period of both swords pushing against each other. The chuken, Hideaki Takahashi, faced Korean ace Kim Kyung Nam who had achieved 3rd place in the individuals in the two previous editions. Kim had played as fukusho in previous matches but moved into chuken this time round. Kim first gained men from Takahashi, and after continuously pushing swords against each other, gets the flag up for a hiki-men. 0-1 to Korea, with Korea gaining a nihon win. This is when fukusho Masahiro Miyazaki (Kanagawa pol.) took over. His opponent was Park San Seob, who had lost to Miyazaki in the individuals but took him to extra time. He may have been brought into this role to try and get a draw.
Miyazaki first gained hiki-men. From thereon he was on fire. You could tell from his body language that he was absolutely determined to get the second. He kept bringing out move after move to attack Park. As time was running out, he finally gained a hiki-gote. In an interview years later, Miyazaki said "I knew I had to get nihon".
Even with an ippon win, if taisho Ishida Toshiya (Osaka pol.) were to win, Japan would have won. Ishida actually claimed a nihon win, but for the flow of the whole match, it was a situation where Japan had to get back to even. Miyazaki, who was known as a tactical player, showed his instincts in that match.
The way he threw everything in order to get the second was truly inspiring. It was the moment where the legendary kenshi, who won the All Japan Championship 6 times, showed his true value. There are no ifs in such games, but had Miyazaki only gained an ippon win, or if the fukusho and taisho weren't the legendary Miyazaki and Ishida, who knows what would have happened?
In the end, Ishida claimed a glorious hiki-men, and Japan won 2(4)-1(2). Takahashi, who had been watching these two sempai play all along, took on the taisho role in the next World Championship, and brought victory to Japan.


text:
Q: Using listAll to map through images in Firebase Storage and pushing an object containing getDownloadURL of an image to an array I created custom hook that gets images from my Firebase storage and returns it as an array of objects. Each object contains the name of the image file and the URL. With my current code, each object in the array contains the file name but the URL is a Promise object. Please check this picture .
If I was to instead just return the URL only and not in an object, it works fine. It seems like it is not waiting for each Promise to resolve before setting the state? I am out of ideas! Thanks if you have any suggestions.

import { getStorage, ref, listAll, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export const useLogos = () => {
  const storage = getStorage();
  const listRef = ref(storage, "images/logos");
  const [logoList, setLogoList] = useState([]);

  useEffect(() => {
    listAll(listRef)
      .then((res) => {
        const promises = [];
        res.items.map((itemRef) => promises.push({name: itemRef.name, logoURL: getDownloadURL(itemRef)}));
        return Promise.all(promises)
      })
      .then((urlArray) => {
        setLogoList(urlArray);
      });
  }, []);

  return { logoList }
};

A: You have to pass an array of Promises to Promise.all() but you pass an array of objects.
The following refactoring should do the trick (untested):
useEffect(() => {
    let fileNamesArray;
    listAll(listRef)
        .then((res) => {
            fileNamesArray = res.items.map((itemRef) => itemRef.name);
            const promises = res.items.map((itemRef) => getDownloadURL(itemRef));
            return Promise.all(promises)
        })
        .then((urlsArray) => {
            const objectsArray = urlsArray.map((elem, index) => ({ name: fileNamesArray[index], logoURL: elem }));
            setLogoList(objectsArray);
        });
}, []);

A: I found it: I was only return the first getDwnloadURL but I needed to map the promises.

listAll(storageRef)
      .then((res) => {
        imageAppender = res.items.map((imgRef) => imgRef.name);
        const promises = res.items.map((imgRef) => getDownloadURL(imgRef));
        return Promise.all(promises);
      })

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Defensive Dominance Will Collide With Experience in the East Regional Semis
In Friday's Sweet 16 matchups at Madison Square Garden, Baylor will take on South Carolina, and Wisconsin will play Florida.
Max Bonnstetter
Everyone thought it would be a Duke-Villanova East Regional Final at Madison Square Garden. However, with the two top seeds going down in the first weekend of NCAA tournament play, the East will yield a Final Four party-crasher. Will it be the SEC's South Carolina Gamecocks or the Big 12's Baylor Bears? Will the Big Ten's Wisconsin Badgers or another SEC powerhouse, Florida, move on? A trip to the East Regional Final will be on the line Friday night. Tipoff for the first game is at 7:29 p.m. ET on TBS, with the second game scheduled to begin at 9:59.
No. 3 Baylor seed vs. No. 7 seed South Carolina
The Gamecocks are fresh off a historic upset of the No. 2 seed Duke Blue Devils. South Carolina finished off Duke 88–81 with a second-half run of 65 points—26 in the paint and 10 on the fast break. The Gamecocks proved to be the tougher, more defensive team, forcing Duke into 18 turnovers and earning a spot in the Sweet 16.
They face Baylor, who beat No. 11 seed USC 82–78. Rebounding was a key to this game, and Baylor outrebounded the Trojans 34–23. USC led for a good stretch of the game, but Baylor's Manu Lecomte gave the Bears the spark they needed to hold on for the win.
The Gamecocks have some powerful weapons in their lineup. Against Duke, Sindarius Thornwell was a total beast. The 2017 SEC player of the year finished the game with 22 points, six rebounds, and five assists. Fellow guard Duane Notice added 17 points. Forward Chris Silva went for a double double with 17 points and 10 rebounds.
Senior standout Thornwell is playing better than anyone in the Sweet 16 field. When asked what a difficult match up Thornwell would be, Baylor senior and longtime friend Ishmail Wainright said, "The whole team will be defending him. He's a great player. I've known him since high school. We had our battles; he's a close friend. He can do everything."
Added Wainright, "They do a great job feeding him the ball in his spots that he likes the ball. Coach has broken down every made shot that he's had, and I mean—we have all watched at least about three hours of film on just Sindarius."
As for Baylor's chances, the Bears' height, length, and speed could be a major factor in this matchup. Baylor's 6'10" junior forward Jonathan Motley has been a star this year. He is averaging 17 points and almost 10 rebounds a game.
Guard Manu Lecomte, who is from Belgium, will be another key to this game. He promised, as he did with USC, he would "take over the game again" if given the opportunity. The Bears have a deep bench, and are they one of the best rebounding teams in the county.
The upperclassmen must step up on both teams. Baylor will have to rely on its deep bench and athleticism to advance to the Elite Eight. The Gamecocks must continue their stellar defensive effort and hope that their upset streak continues. It is March Madness, after all.
No. 4 seed Florida vs. No. 8 seed Wisconsin
The Gators dismantled Virginia in the second round of the tournament, holding the Cavaliers to 39 points. Florida had an up-and-down season, going from a high of a nine-game winning streak (including a huge Kentucky beatdown) to a low of a heartbreaking injury to their big man, John Egbunu, and early exit from the SEC tournament.
The Gators will take on Wisconsin in the second game in New York City. The Badgers knocked off the tournament's No. 1 overall seed, Villanova. The Wildcats had no answer for senior Nigel Hayes, who scored 19 points, pulled down eight rebounds, and hit the game-winner.
The Badgers are a seriously poised and experienced team. They are taking their fourth consecutive trip to the Sweet 16. That means this is nothing new for seniors Bronson Koenig, Nigel Hayes, Zak Showalter, and Vitto Brown. Sophomore forward Ethan Happ has come on strong in the tournament and could be a problem for the Gators. He is averaging 11 points and eight rebounds in the postseason.
When coach Greg Gard was asked about Wisconsin's repeated success and the importance of the team's senior leaders, he said, "We have relied on upperclassmen leadership. Sometimes you have star power in that upperclassmen leadership; sometimes it's just a matter of guys who have had experience."
Continued Gard, "I don't try to overstimulate this time of year in terms of what we're going into or what's at stake. They understand. They grow up around it. They watched it their whole lives. They have been in it before. I don't need to throw fuel on the fire, so to speak, of what this time of year's about. Let them enjoy it, play well, and try to continue to march on."
The Gators know all too well that Wisconsin will come at them with not only experience, but also defense and depth. One player they will be relying on to counter that attack is Devin Robinson. Robinson is taking his star turn, and in the past two games, he is averaging 19 points and 9.5 rebounds after averaging 10.9 points and 6.1 rebounds per game this season. This athletic and quick 6'8" junior with a 7'1" wingspan will be difficult for the Badgers to guard.
The Gators are a deep team with double digit scorers like KeVaughn Allen and Canyon Barry. But their stellar defense may be even more of an asset. As junior guard Kasey Hill put it, "Just got to stick to playing our defense and that's about it. I think that takes care of everything else."
Photographs by (from top): Frank Mattia/Icon Sportswire/Getty Images (Thornwell); David Stacy/Icon Sportswire/Getty Images (Lecomte); Max Bonnstetter (Robinson)
baylor bearsSouth Carolina GamecocksMarch Madness 2017wisconsin badgersflorida gators

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hussein Chalayan was born in 1970 in Nicosia, Cyprus, and lives and works in London and Vienna. He is a globally-renowned fashion designer who operates at the avant-garde of the fashion world, creating unconventional garments that constantly straddle the fields of art, technology and fashion.
In 1993, he received a BA honors in Fashion Design from the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London and his graduate collection entitled The Tangent Flows included garments he had buried in his garden, which were exhumed for the show. He established his own fashion line the following year. Chalayan often employs unusual materials and innovative technology to create his designs. Past creations include a coffee table that transforms into a wooden skirt, remote controlled dresses, and a jacket made from Tyvek envelopes, famously worn by singer Björk on the cover of her album Post. His groundbreaking and artistic designs resulted in him representing Turkey at the 51Venice Biennale (2005). He has exhibited his work at the Victoria and Albert Museum (1997), London; Musée du Louvre (1999), Paris; MoMA (2003), New York; Groninger Museum (2005), The Netherlands;Istanbul Modern Art Museum (2010); Museum of Contemporary Art (2010), Tokyo; Musée de la Mode (2011), Paris; and Design Museum (2009, 2016), London. He has won the Absolut Fashion Award (1995); was awarded a Member of the Order of the British Empire (2006); has received Outstanding Lifetime Achievement to Design Award at the FX International Interior Design Awards (2009), London; and the "Fashion Visionary Award" (2013) for 20 Years of Design Excellence during the Audi Fashion Festival, Singapore. Since 2014, he has been the Head of the Fashion Department at the University of Applied Arts, in Vienna.


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text:
Tagged: Fatou Bensouda
More States To Withdraw from the ICC?
Shortly after three African States (Burundi, Gambia, and the Republic of South Africa) announced their intention to leave the International Criminal Court (each citing their own specific reasons), on November 16, the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement announcing its intention not to ratify the Rome Statute stating that
The ICC as the first permanent body of international criminal justice inspired high hopes of the international community in the fight against impunity in the context of common efforts to maintain international peace and security, to settle ongoing conflicts and to prevent new tensions. Unfortunately the Court failed to meet the expectations to become a truly independent, authoritative international tribunal.
The Russian President issued a Decree on the intention not to become party to the Rome Statue, becoming a fourth state to openly point out its disappointment with the institution.
On the same day,the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, in a press release called on the international community to not give up on the Court and to "stand by the Rome Statute and the Court." He emphasized the need to stand with this institution and continue to support it.
To make matters worse, just one day after the Russian announcement, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, speaking from his home, also threatened to withdraw from the International Criminal Court by stating
They [Russians] may have thought the International Criminal Court is [useless], so they withdrew their membership … I might follow. Why? Because these shameless bullies only picked on small countries like us.
Some speculated that Duterte's statement was nothing more than just a well-timed response to Prosecutor Bensouda's statement on the situation in the Philippines, in which Bensouda made it very clear that anyone engaging in any form of acts of mass violence could potentially be prosecuted by the Court.
Whether in response to OTP's statement or just in light of the exodus of State Parties from the ICC, Philippines is the fifth state, in a span of less than a month, to publicly disavow its loyalties to and faith in the Court and its effectiveness. It will be interesting to see how the rest of the international community and the Court itself tackles these, hopefully, temporary setbacks.
Written by Lucie Olejnikova No comments Posted in Int'l and Comparative Criminal Law	Tagged with Burundi, Fatou Bensouda, Gambia, ICC, impunity, international community, International Criminal Court, international peace and security, Philippines, political independence, Rodrigo Duterte, Rome Statute, Russia, Russian Federation, Russian Foreign Ministry, South Africa, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein
Case Selection and Prioritization at the ICC
To maintain transparency of the proceedings of the Prosecutor's Office, Fatou Bensouda, announced the issuance of a Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritisation (in English and French). As mentioned in the policy paper, the resources available to the Office do not allow it to look into every possible alleged case or situation and as such, the OPT must prioritize while continue to carry out its mandate and ensure that the "exercise of [prosecutorial] discretion in all instances is guided by sound, fair, and transparent principles and criteria." The purpose of this paper is to set out "considerations which guide the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in the selection and prioritisation of cases for investigation and prosecution." Aside from the Security Council and State Party referrals, the Prosecutor may initiate investigation proprio motu in accordance with Art. 15.
This paper is intended to be an internal document without giving rise to legal rights, and thus is subject to revisions. It explains the distinction between situations and cases. It highlights the importance of preliminary examinations in deciding whether to open an official investigation. It identifies the "gravity" element, as defined in Art. 17(1)(d) of the Rome Statute, as one of the predominant case selection criteria. It reaffirms the importance of the Court's cooperation with national jurisdictions in carrying out the principles articulated in the Preamble of the Rome Statute, especially in situations when cases are not selected for investigation or prosecution by the OTP.
Under the complementary criminal justice system, as defined in Art. 17 of the Rome Statute, the Office further states that it will "encourage genuine national proceedings … and seek to cooperate and provide assistance to States, upon request, with respect to conduct [constituting] crime under national law, such as the illegal exploitation of natural resources, arms trafficking, human trafficking, terrorism, financial crimes, land grabbing or destruction of environment." This adds to the Office's commitments one protecting environment by ensuring that the destruction to natural environment does not go unpunished.
Among the many criteria to be considered when selecting cases for investigation by the Office are the already mentioned gravity in order to focus on the "most serious crimes within a given situation that are of concern to the international community as a whole"; the degree of responsibility of alleged perpetrators to ensure that "charges are brought against those persons who appear to be the most responsible for the identified crimes"; and the charges where the Office states to focus on "crimes that have been traditionally under-prosecuted, such as crimes against or affecting children, … rape and other sexual and gender-based crimes, … and attacks against cultural, religious, historical, and other protected objects as well as against humanitarian and peacekeeping personnel."
Written by Lucie Olejnikova No comments Posted in Int'l and Comparative Criminal Law	Tagged with case prioritization, case selection, complementarity, criminal charges, cultural heritage, degree of responsibility, destruction of environment, environmental crimes, exploitation of natural resources, Fatou Bensouda, financial crimes, gravity, historical objects, ICC, impunity, land grabbing, national jurisdictions, Office of the Prosecutor, OTP, policy paper, religious building, Rome Statute, transparency
ICC Opens Another Preliminary Examination – Burundi
Fatou Bensouda, the ICC's Prosecutor, announced in her statement that a preliminary examination has been initiated into Burundi on-going crisis, allegedly involving more than 430 persons killed, at least 3,400 people arrested, and over 230,000 Burundians forced to seek refuge. As reported in an earlier post, the Prosecutor has been watching the ongoing situation in Burundi since early 2015, commenting on the then-upcoming election, fulfilling the OTP's early warning function and preemptively calling for peace and cease of violence. It appears however, that her prevention efforts within Burundi, a State Party to the Rome Statute, unfortunately fell short because about a year later, she is initiating a preliminary examination.
Preliminary examination may be initiated by the Prosecutor, referral from a State Party or Security Council, or a 12(3) declaration by a State that is not a Party to the Rome Statute. In this case, the Prosecutor exercised its vested authority to begin examination. The purpose of such examination is to review and assess information available so far to determine whether a reasonable basis to proceed with investigation exists. Article 53(1) of Rome Statute requires Prosecutor to consider issues of jurisdiction (often focusing on the Court's subject matter jurisdiction), admissibility (comprising of both complementarity and gravity determination often focusing on the domestic prosecutorial and investigative efforts) and overall interest of justice.
Not every preliminary examination leads to authorization to investigate. In situations of Honduras, Republic of Korea, and the Vessels of Comoros, the Court found no reasonable basis to proceed with investigation, as required by art. 53(1), and concluded its preliminary examinations without prejudice, leaving the possibility to re-open examination available should additional information and evidence surface. On the other hand, in situations of Libya, Ivory Coast, Mali, Georgia, and CAR II, for example, the Court moved forward, finding reasonable basis to proceed and securing pre-trial chamber's authorization to open investigation in these situations.
The ICC has seven open preliminary examinations at this time, making Burundi the eighth one. Three situations, Palestine, Ukraine and Iraq, are currently in Phase 2 – having the Court consider subject-matter jurisdiction. Four situations, Afghanistan, Colombia, Guinea, and Nigeria, have moved to Phase 3 – having the Court consider issues of admissibility. The Court issues reports on its preliminary examination conclusions each year sharing its findings in each situation and ensuring so the much needed transparency.
OTP, Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations (Nov. 2013).
Written by Lucie Olejnikova No comments Posted in Articles of Interest, Int'l and Comparative Criminal Law	Tagged with admissibility, Afghanistan, Article 12(3), Article 53(1), Burundi, CAR II, Central African Republic, Colombia, complementarity, Fatou Bensouda, Georgia, gravity, Guinea, Honduras, ICC, interest of justice, International Criminal Court, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Libya, Nigeria, open investigation, Palestine, preliminary examination, reasonable basis, Republic of Korea, Rome Statute, subject matter jurisdiction, Ukraine
ICC Prosecutor Requests Authorization to Investigate a Conflict in Georgia Involving Russia
The ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda is seeking authorization to investigate possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed seven years ago in the context of a clash between Russia and Georgia. The conflict involves the effort by the former Soviet Union Republic Georgia to retain control of its region of South Ossetia.
In an October 13, 2015 Request for Authorization, the Prosecutor asks an ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I to authorize investigation of possible crimes within ICC jurisdiction committed between July 1 and October 10, 2008 in South Ossetia. In 2008, South Ossetian rebel forces took military action to gain independence, and Georgia responded with force to retain control. The Russian Federation sent military forces into South Ossetia to support the rebels. These forces then occupied South Ossetia during the time at issue.
After hundreds of people were killed and thousands of ethnic Georgians were forcibly displaced from their homes in South Ossetia, both Georgia and Russia maintained in the area troops designated as peacekeeping forces.
The Prosecutor's Request for Authorization finds, pursuant to Rome Statute Article 15, a reasonable basis to believe that South Ossetian forces committed war crimes and crimes against humanity relating to forcible displacement of ethnic Georgians, and that war crimes were committed by South Ossetian forces against Georgian peacekeepers and by Georgian forces against Russian peacekeepers.
The submission suggests that further investigation, if authorized, might implicate Russian nationals in criminal activity. It notes substantial military, financial, and other assistance provided by Russia to South Ossetia and states that available information indicates that South Ossetian forces could not have continued with forcible displacement of ethnic Georgians "but for the occupation of Georgian territory by Russian armed forces and the military advances that preceded the occupation." Pointedly, "information available indicates that at least some members of the Russian armed forces participated" in war crimes relating to displacement. Related charges of crimes against humanity would require evidence that Russian military or governmental authorities pursued a policy of displacing ethnic Georgians. The report states that such evidence is lacking "at this stage."
Authorization to investigate would represent the first time the ICC has addressed a conflict on the European continent as all other nine currently open situations before the ICC involve countries on the African continent.
ICC entry would also be bold because the ICC would be intervening on its own initiative into a conflict involving a major world power and in a situation where there is an "ongoing tense relationship between Georgia and the Russian Federation" noted in the report. As a State Party to Rome Statute, Georgia could have referred the matter to the ICC, but it did not. The Prosecutor is pursuing this matter on her own initiative, following up on her predecessor's initiative to open a preliminary examination of the situation in Georgia in August 2008.
As a State Party, Georgia has accepted obligations set out in Part 9 of the Rome Statute to cooperate with ICC investigations. Russia did not ratify the treaty establishing the Rome Statute, but it did sign it, and Russia also acceded to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Article 18(a) of the VCLT requires a State that has signed a treaty "to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty." Given the nature of the conflict at issue, however, the cooperation of the parties involved may be tailored to accord with partisan interests. The Prosecutor reports that she has engaged with, and received information from, authorities in Georgia and Russia. She cautions, however, that "[w]hen assessing the information in [her] possession, the Prosecutor has…taken into account the possible bias and interests from parties to the conflict, and has therefore primarily focused…examination on allegations corroborated by third parties."
In support of her request for authorization, the Prosecutor notes receipt of requests from several possible victims of the conflict and from seven Georgian and international human rights organizations seeking justice for victims and punishment of the perpetrators.
An ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I must now decide whether to grant the request for investigation. If the Chamber does so, the ICC will enter a new and challenging phase in its work.
All Situations before the ICC.
ICC: Georgia
Press Release, International Criminal Court, The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, Requests Judges for Authorization to Open an Investigation into the Situation in Georgia (Oct. 13, 2015).
Situation in Georgia, Case No. ICC-01/15, Request for Authorisation for an Investigation Pursuant to Article 15 (International Criminal Court Oct. 13, 2015).
Written by Lucie Olejnikova No comments Posted in Int'l and Comparative Criminal Law	Tagged with Article 15, crimes against humanity, displaced people, Fatou Bensouda, Georgia, ICC, Icc Pros, International Criminal Court, preliminary examination, proprio motu, rebels, request for authorization, Russian armed forces, Russian Federation, Russian military forces, South Ossetia, State Party, territory occupation, victims interest, war crimes


America's first and most notorious serial killer and his diabolical killing spree during the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, now updated with a new afterword discussing Holmes' exhumation on American Ripper.
H. H. Holmes: The True History of the White City Devil is the first truly comprehensive book examining the life and career of a murderer who has become one of America's great supervillains. It reveals not only the true story but how the legend evolved, taking advantage of hundreds of primary sources that have never been examined before, including legal documents, letters, articles, and records that have been buried in archives for more than a century.
Though Holmes has become just as famous now as he was in 1895, a deep analysis of contemporary materials makes very clear how much of the story as we know came from reporters who were nowhere near the action, a dangerously unqualified new police chief, and, not least, lies invented by Holmes himself.
Selzer has unearthed tons of stunning new data about Holmes, weaving together turn-of-the-century America, the killer's background, and the wild cast of characters who circulated in and about the famous "castle" building. This book will be the first truly accurate account of what really happened in Holmes's castle of horror, and now includes an afterword detailing the author's participation in Holmes' exhumation on the TV series, American Ripper.
Exhaustively researched and painstakingly brought to life, H. H. Holmes will be an invaluable companion to the upcoming Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio movie about Holmes's murder spree based on Erik Larson's The Devil in the White City.


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OJ, Boomer
A onetime culture-hero of a liberal democracy, OJ Simpson's manner of relationality is unrecognizable and incommunicable
By Lake Micah December 24, 2019
To the extent that any prison sentence is also death sentence, O. J. Simpson may well be said to have returned from the dead. But any insistence on his death in the first place betrays the consensus view of reality, if only because Simpson is, by appearance and fact, not dead, no matter what Afropessimists might have to say about ontology's antagonisms to blackness. And yet: It is right to observe that incarceration occasions a plunder of civil liberties in what, from the legislative perspective, is formally indistinguishable from the minimally capacitated status of the deceased; its ghoulish, transmuting power is to render (formerly) incarcerated subjects operative, if not always actual, corpses. We might term this occurrence social death, a process administered by that "peculiar apparatus" penality (to repurpose Kafka's "In the Penal Colony"), and proceeding from our nation's own peculiar institution. An extractive, disenfranchising establishment, the prison's undispelled intent is a total denuding of subjecthood.
Such framing—tendentiously derived—would mark the prison as functional opposite of the commons, where repeated invocations of the self serve aspiringly to bolster and promote one's subjectivity into life-affirming excess. This is useful logic for understanding Simpson's late restoration. As if to assert his status (mythic, alive) he has turned to social media, that newest of commons, pursuant to a connatural, creaturely desire: instantiation of his ego, in the original Latinate sense of the word. O. J. has come to say I.
Simpson's Twitter videos began to appear in summer of this year. The unforeseen first arrived as ambuscade—amid warming, precedentless June, a week before the solstice—unwelcome omen of an abstruse half year still to come. "Hey, Twitter-world!" the man hailed, in close-up. "This is yours truly." As mode of address, it was classic, an epistle recalling through rewriting Shakespeare ("Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears . . ."). Yet it contained interesting violations of epistolary form, with the parting salutation ("yours truly") used up top, and apparently to euphemizing, cozening, thoroughly ingratiating effect. What little else there was to note: Simpson spoke from the wide focal length of a cell phone's front-facing camera; the act technically constituted vlogging. True to the vlog's genre, he became more banal as he spoke: "Coming soon to Twitter you'll get to read all my thoughts and opinions on just about anything . . . There's a lot of fake O. J. accounts out there so this one, @TheRealOJ32, is the only official one . . . This should be a lot of fun. I've got a little getting even to do."
I followed the unverified account, intrigued by the promise of a vengeance that I thought he had long ago exacted upon the world, and by the mystery of his "thoughts and opinions." But I recalled the sophisticating, proliferating deepfakes, and was cautious. There was little need for trepidation. No parody or disinformation obtained. Here instead, evidently, was a cinema verité: dreary; nonscandalous; the work, in a sense, of a documentary auteur. Simpson's thoughts and opinions were of sports and of athletes; his sense of revenge was historical, focused on amendment of an errant biographical record that he had felt to accrue around his name. In this he sounded like the cliché of a retiree father ("OK, boomer"), who offered ceremoniously the dim lights of his perceptions and recollections to an audience whose care extended from curiosity, or from a corrupted sense of cultural nostalgia. Still, I wanted to write about him, about his curiously wrought phenomenon, and to intellectualize through criticism his burgeoning oeuvre and Gesamtkunstwerk. I wrote a pitch, executing upon it no flattering revisions for the brief essay in which it would reappear:
What I'm interested in is the reappearance of O. J. Simpson, once a paragon of a certain kind of radicalized virility, as something we might recognize as daddish and Boomer-like, belonging to an aged fraternity of erectile dysfunctioning phallogocentrists. His mishandling of the medium of Twitter plays a hand in this re-envisaging. Here he posts videos—dispatches from his parolee's purgatory—of himself engaged in what we might consider a region of re-enfranchisement studded, we know, with its delimited freedoms, and therefore recalling in that same nostalgic moment the surfeit of civil dispensations once enjoyed by the man. And incarceration has transmogrified his body, too: In the shaded sports lenses, brimmed hats, and relaxedly splayed collars of polo shirts, Simpson speaks to us from the slackening vessel of a Dad Bod, replete with its breasts and flabs—and approximating, in that way, a more "feminized" body. I want to consider this instance of convergence (of carceral conscription and en-gendering) as something fraught, and potentially revealing; that is, more than coincidental.
I'd like to say, too, that I want this piece to be rather un-self-serious, and maybe even ridiculous. Light of tone and humorous, if I can manage it. Yet I hope for it to retain some essence of rigor—analysis of a figure so emblematic of the kind of broadcast-delayed convulsions happening at the End of History, attributable to the unconscionable incursions of Western powers across the globe in earlier, midcentury decades. . . .
But I exhausted my interest in the same moment that I expressed it. The pitch and its essay became near-duplicate artifacts, the former contained in the latter, as in a kind of gnostic mise en abyme: self-returning replay of sentiment, ideation. The recursion seemed apposite, even convenient, as it corroborated the End as the End—locked and withheld in distinct, uninhabitable temporality unapproachable even by thought, indeed marking the final, impregnable terminus of so many converging vectors of world-historical machination.
This July 9th marked Simpson's 72nd birthday, which he commemorated with another video. "I'm celebrating my 33rd annual 39th birthday," he confesses from the end of a driving stroke of a golf ball. He feigns laughter at his own joke, which strikes as a recursion, too, an instance of semantic solipsism—return once more to the self—describing the limit of progressive speech, communication, interpersonal imbrication. A onetime culture-hero of a liberal democracy, his manner of relationality is unrecognizable, incommunicable. Perhaps Afropessimistically, his ontology finds a temporal/linguistic stymie, exists outside of the distension of event we call chronology. Simpson's world, then, its histories and futures, ended three decades ago. He was his own arbiter, Horseman of the Apocalypse riding his white Bronco.
By Hannah Proctor
Freud's theory of the death drive also gives us a way to think about gender
Death Undone
By Nehal El-Hadi
The demand for new relations between death and technology begins with the acknowledgement of Black life
By Hannah Black
Thomas Laqueur's forthcoming book investigates the continuing life of the dead through a long history of European mourning and remembrance
When Lovers Die
By Malcolm Harris
Michael Haneke's Amour isn't an ironically titled film about entropy, acrimony, withering, or divorce. It's about storybook romance and true love. And just like true love, it's filled with violence, horror, and death.


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Kevin Winter/Billboard Awards 2014/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
A hologram of Michael Jackson performing at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards.
Holograms and Post-Mortem Rights
The ethics of exploiting the likenesses of dead celebrities.
Anna.Sulkin | Nov 24, 2020
If you follow pop culture, you might have noticed a new trend crop up—realistic-looking holograms of public figures. From Tupac Shakur at Coachella in 2012 to Michael Jackson at the Billboard awards in 2014, some of Hollywood's biggest stars have been brought back to life using the technology. Most recently, Kanye West made headlines last month after he surprised his wife, Kim Kardashian, with a hologram of her late father, Robert Kardashian, for her birthday. Naturally, as the use of such visual recordings has gained popularity, the question of the ethics of using others' personas for such purposes after death has become a topic of interest and conversation among estate planners.
In addition to the issue of likeness trademark rights to create a hologram, other sensitivities need to be addressed as well, such as how to use the individual's legacy without exploiting them and whether it would have been against their wishes to do so at all. The estate of Whitney Houston notably scrapped a hologram performance by the late singer set to take place on an episode of The Voice back in 2016, citing that the visual "didn't look like Whitney." A planned Amy Winehouse hologram tour was also put on hold amid fears of it being viewed as insensitive or poorly timed.
Related: New York Tackles Digital Replicas
Rights to One's Likeness
Taking a cue from Robin Williams who forbade the use of his likeness for 25 years following his passing, Avi Z. Kestenbaum, a partner at Meltzer, Lippe, Goldstein & Breitstone LLP in Mineola, N.Y. and New York City, says "I do think more public figures and ultra-high-net-worth individuals will start addressing post-mortem rights to publicity in their estate-planning documents. The issue is there are very limited legal protections under federal laws and only some states offer protections, and even those state protections are currently limited in duration." Kestenbaum has a point, as Williams isn't the only celebrity to have the topic on his radar. When asked about his thoughts on holograms in an interview during his ongoing farewell tour, Elton John reportedly said, "That's the last thing I want. It's like doing a duet album with someone who's dead."
Exploiting the Dead
The risk of exploiting the dead for personal gain and profit particularly becomes an issue for heirs and administrators when an individual doesn't address such rights in an estate plan, and stewards of such estates need to tread carefully. To determine whether an individual's rights may have been infringed, Harvey I. Bezozi, a tax expert located in Boca Raton, Fla., explains, "In analyzing each particular situation, there are three areas to consider: 1) individual state requirements which vary (some states call post-mortem rights 'property rights,' while others call them 'rights of publicity;' 2) how long after death are these rights protected in each state; and 3) is there a First Amendment protection under the Constitution."
According to Kestenbaum, because only a limited number of states address the issue and offer protections in the area, "there should be a federal law dealing with this similar to copyright law, or states need to do a better job enacting laws in this fledgling, complex and often controversial area and perhaps enact a uniform law."
New York Post-Mortem Rights
Most recently, New York became one of the states to pass a bill creating post-mortem rights of publicity. The bill now awaits Gov. Andrew Cuomo's signature. The proposed law will protect deceased individuals for 40 years after they die and will protect only individuals whose rights of publicity have commercial value at the time of their death, or "because of their death." The law isn't retroactive.
Specifically speaking to holograms, the provisions of the law "protecting against the use of digital replicas of deceased performers include a requirement that the use be likely to deceive the public into thinking that it was authorized by the deceased person or their successors."
The Future of Post-Mortem Rights
As Kestenbaum points out in his recent article, conversations about post-mortem rights shouldn't be limited to those with celebrity clients. Every estate planner should be aware of the issues surrounding a client's likenesses or any other post-mortem data and imagery that may be valuable and useful to both the client's heirs and the general public. Kestenbaum notes that young practitioners should especially take note, as modern technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace.
TAGS: Estate Planning


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https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-audit-regulator-steps-up-enforcement-efforts-11564527662
U.K. Audit Regulator Steps Up Enforcement Efforts
The Financial Reporting Council nearly tripled its fines in the year ended March and closed more cases than in the previous year
Skyscrapers stand in London's financial district. The U.K. Financial Reporting Council issued £42.9 million in fines to audit and accounting firms in the year ending in March, up from £15.5 million a year earlier. Photo: Simon Dawson/Bloomberg News
Nina Trentmann
BiographyNina Trentmann
@Nina_Trentmann
nina.trentmann
nina.trentmann@wsj.com
July 30, 2019 7:01 pm ET
The U.K.'s regulator for accounting and audit imposed higher fines and opened more new enforcement cases during the year that ended March 31, a finding that comes ahead of a potential overhaul of the sector.
The Financial Reporting Council issued £42.9 million ($52.19 million) in fines to audit and accounting firms, up from £15.5 million during the same period a year earlier, according to the regulator's annual enforcement review. The FRC concluded 13 cases, four more than in the previous year, and opened 15 new investigations, up from 14. It also reduced the backlog of legacy cases, the regulator said.
The FRC has 41 open cases, including three of the Big Four accounting firms: Deloitte LLP, KPMG LLP and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The regulator is also investigating Grant Thornton LLP, a smaller professional services firm, for some of its audits.
Deloitte and PwC declined to comment on the FRC's review. KPMG and Grant Thornton didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.
The FRC in the past year stepped up its enforcement efforts amid growing concerns about audit quality in the U.K. A series of high-profile corporate failures has resulted in calls from U.K. lawmakers and other watchdogs to make significant changes to how the industry operates.
Regulators and lawmakers are focusing on potential conflicts of interest within audit firms as well as the level of scrutiny with which auditors test clients' financial statements.
"Recent corporate collapses have brought corporate reporting, governance and the role of audit under intense scrutiny with fundamental questions raised from many quarters as to the function of audit and whether it is meeting society's needs and expectations," the FRC said in its review.
As part of the changes in the sector, the FRC will become part of a new statutory audit and accounting body called the Audit, Reporting and Governance Authority.
"The clarity and accuracy of financial reporting is of critical importance to us all," Elizabeth Barrett, the FRC's executive counsel, said in a statement. "The significant increase in the number, range and severity of sanctions sends a clear message that where behavior falls short of what is required, we will hold those responsible to account."
The FRC has extended its use and the range of nonfinancial sanctions to strengthen its enforcement efforts. In June, the regulator required PwC to monitor its audit practice in Leeds, England, and to report back to regulator. It also forced KPMG to undertake a review of its 2018 audits of insurance businesses.
As part of the discussion about the future of the U.K. audit industry, the Competition and Markets Authority proposed forcing accounting firms to operationally split their audit and their nonaudit businesses, a move aimed at avoiding potential conflicts of interest.
The Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, which is made up of U.K. lawmakers, suggested breaking up the Big Four accounting firms.
The U.K. government is expected to respond to the proposals in the coming months.
"The FRC's latest report indicates how seriously the government is taking the issue of audit quality," said Fiona Czerniawska, director at Source Global Research, an analyst firm for the professional services industry. "The fines meted out suggest there's a strong desire to hold—and be seen to hold—auditors accountable for their opinions," she said.
Write to Nina Trentmann at Nina.Trentmann@wsj.com
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The U.K. regulator of audit and accounting firms nearly tripled its fines in the year ended in March after a series of high-profile corporate failures led to increased scrutiny of audit quality
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There were 217 denominations listed in the 2006 Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches, and over 321,000 Protestant churches in the U.S. However, research reveals the actual number of people worshipping each week is 17.7% of population or 52 million people. If only 18% of Americans are attending church, then there must be a large percent of our community, neighbors, co-workers, and friends who are unchurched or non-believers. Barna Research Group noted that a typical churched believer will die without leading a single person to a relationship with Jesus Christ, and the majority of believers do not have a specific person in mind for whom they are praying in the hope that the person will be saved. Why are we not more concerned for non-believers coming to Christ? What has happened to evangelism?
Why Christians are failing in reaching the non-believers?
1. We have lost the sense of urgency, because we do not really believe in a literal Hell. Churches today have moved to universalism, where all will be saved without any kind of punishment or Bible thumping preacher using Hell to make people feel guilty. If you take the concept of Hell out of your thinking, then evangelism seems like a nice activity, but not a necessity. Put Hell, a literal place of torment, back into the equation and evangelism becomes a needed necessity, and suddenly souls are at stake and time is short.
2. We have outsourced evangelism by delegating our outreach efforts to pastors, church leaders and those who have the gift of evangelism. The typical Christian believes that since they are not gifted in evangelism, it is not their responsibility to share their faith.
3. We are men pleasers. We live in an inclusive society, and to proclaim that Jesus is the only way to heaven leads to mockery and we don't want that.
4. We don't know the Gospel message. It is hard to share a message you can't explain.
5. We have forgotten to pray for the unsaved. One of our greatest assets in evangelism is praying for individuals and opportunities, but far too many times we fall short of praying for friends, family, etc…who are unsaved.
There are all kinds of reasons why we don't reach out to non-believers, but let's focus on how we can be a witness.
How might we reach the non-believers and unchurched?
1. Be Relevant: The unchurched are relatively comfortable with their style, yet many are still searching for a greater sense of meaning and significance. The answers they seek come through conversations with believers, not church or Sunday school. It is through these insightful conservations that the unchurched person begins to see the value of the Christian faith. Hearing the talk and witnessing the walk makes a spiritual impact.
2. Be Godly: When the unchurched are in a place where God's people are truly experiencing the living, genuine presence of the Lord, even those who are just watching are affected.
3. Be Sensitive: Many people and churches make the unchurched into a project- a group who must be changed, and any technique that works is worth trying. The admonition to believers is to relate to the unchurched as people, not projects, and to do so with humility, love, and grace.
4. Be Caring: The unchurched are looking for evidence that members of a church truly love each other and love other people. They know the Golden Rule; they simply want to see if believers practice it. One of the key attractions to the unchurched is a body of believers that actively and regularly serves people; inside and outside the fold.
It is our responsibility to reach out to the non-believers with the Gospel message, and be relevant, godly, sensitive, caring and knowledgeable to those around us.


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Challenges and Issues facing Ethnic Minority Small Business Owners: The Scottish experience
Ullah, Farid; Rahman, Zillur; Thompson, Piers; University of Chester (SAGE, 2018-01-23)
Abstract Studies investigating the challenges and barriers faced by ethnic minority entrepreneurs have often concentrated on areas where there is a large supportive ethnic minority community. Less work has been conducted on the experience of those entrepreneurs operating in cities where such ethnic resources may be less widely available. Considered from the perspective of mixed embeddedness framework, this study uses face-to-face interviews with 25 ethnic minority entrepreneurs to gain a greater understanding of the constraints experienced by the starting and running businesses in one such location, the Scottish city of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom. Although issues found by previous studies such as access to funding remain an issue, the entrepreneurs indicated problems with access to labour as United Kingdom Border Agency's immigration rules and tightening of the Post Study Work visa have had a profound effect on these entrepreneurs. The results imply that the weakening of the ethnic resource microsphere has not opened up opportunities which are exploited by the entrepreneurs, but they have still been exposed to external forces from the regulatory macrosphere. Both entrepreneurs and policymakers need to think carefully about the retention, training and recruitment of staff. In particular, the wider ramifications of immigration rule changes need to be considered, but also whether entrepreneurs need to be more open to the potential of recruiting non-ethnic employees and if so what support is required to achieve this.
Entrepreneurial stories, narratives and reading – Their role in building entrepreneurial being and behaviour
Manning, Paul; Stokes, Peter; Rodgers, Peter; Shlomo Yedidia, Tarba; University of Chester; De Montfort University; University of Birmingham; The University of Leicester (Sage, 2019-12-03)
The article undertakes an innovative study focusing on the choices and manners of entrepreneur reading as a means of developing resilience and responding to the challenges and crises that entrepreneurial activity presents. The article explores predominant patterns of entrepreneurial learning and challenges the assumptions on which these are grounded. This allows original insights and perspectives to be developed with which to enhance understanding of entrepreneurial sense-making. The study employs a qualitative methodology involving purposive semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs to determine the ways in which they identify, engage with and operationalize entrepreneurial behaviour based on their reading. The ensuing fieldwork provided a range of findings and discussion themes centred on dynamic and non-linear behaviour, reading and transformative learning events, and social interaction and reading. The study concludes with a range of observations on the power of reading in assisting entrepreneurs to develop resilience and behaviours for coping with the challenges and crises which are an integral aspect of entrepreneurial activity.


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The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord 1803 ...
Publisher: Printed by John Dixon and John Courtney, Jun. in Richmond [Va.]
Published: 1802 Pages: 40 Downloads: 62
Almanacs, American
Statement by I. Briggs
Series Early American imprints -- no. 50329
Contributions Briggs, Isaac, 1763-1825
Pagination [40] p
The item The Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord God, Calculated according to art. And referred to the horizon of 38 degrees north latitude, and a meridian of 5 hours west from the city of London; fitting Virginia, Maryland, North-Carolina, &c, (electronic resource) represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in. Carey's Franklin almanack, for the year being the seventh after leap year: containing, the rising, setting, places, and eclipses of the sun and moon.. Published: () The New Jersey and Pennsylvania almanac, for the year Published: (). About this Item: Brown & Danforth, Providence, RI, Pamphlet. Condition: Fair. First Edition. The Rhode Island Almanack For the Year of Our Lord Christ Being the second after Bissextile or Leap Year and the Forty-sixth of American Independence, which commenced July 4, Andrew Ellicott (Janu – Aug ) was an American land surveyor who helped map many of the territories west of the Appalachians, surveyed the boundaries of the District of Columbia, continued and completed Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's work on the plan for Washington, D.C., and served as a teacher in survey methods for Meriwether Lewis.
Benjamin Banneker (November 9, – Octo ) was a free African-American almanac author, surveyor, landowner and farmer who had knowledge of mathematics and natural in Baltimore County, Maryland, to a free African-American woman and a former slave, Banneker had little or no formal education and was largely became known for assisting Major Andrew. The Agricultural Almanack for the year of our Lord Philadelphia, Solomon W. Conrad. State of New York Agricultural Almamack By S. Southwick. Albany, Stephan W. Johnson. State of New York Agricultural Almanack. Albany, Daniel Steele. [By . Add to Book Bag Remove from Book Bag The farmer's almanack, calculated : for the year of our Lord being Bissextile, or Leap-Year containing, besides the large number of astronomical calculations, and the farmer's calendar for every month in the year, as great a variety as any other almanack, of new, useful and entertaining matter.
Municipal accounting statements ... June, 1941.
Four continents to freedom
The ducal coronet, or, The heir and the usurper
Milošević regime and the crisis in Serbia
Stillwaters Gardens, Inc. gladioli
Where I fell to earth
The Diplomatic Service list
On becoming Chinese American
Painting animals
South of Hell
The Avian Pineal Gland
Food, fuel, and shelter
United States and the European Community
Life and correspondence of Joseph Priestley, LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
Women & culture
Mediterranean passion
The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord 1803 ... Download PDF EPUB FB2
The Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord Bibliographic Details; Other Authors: Briggs, Isaac, Format: Online Book: Language: English: Published: Richmond--Virginia:: Printed by John Dixon and John Courtney, for Samuel Pleasants, Jun.
(Sold wholesale and retail.)., [] a The Virginia almanack, for the year of. The Western calendar: or, An almanack for the year of our Lord, Published: () Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA Contact. The Virginia Almanack for the Year of Our Lord [electronic resource] Format EBook; Book; Online Published Alexandria [D.C.]: Printed by Cottom and Stewart, for themselves--J.
Westcott--John Gray, Fredericksburg and John Pumfrey, Richmond., [] Language. Format: Book, Online; [48] p. ; 14 cm. National Library of Australia. Login | Register. Catalogue. Search the catalogue for collection items held by the National Library of Australia. New Search The Good old Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord, [electronic resource] Printed by Thos.
Nicolson. VA, $ The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord God [electronic resource]: Calculated according to art, and referred to the horizon of 38 degrees north latitude, and a meridian of five hours west from the City of London; fitting Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, &c.
Family Records Collection. The Virginia Almanack for the Year of Our Lord [electronic resource] Format EBook; Book; Online Published "Cash will be given for clean linen or cotton rags. By William F. Gray, at his book-store, in Fredericksburg."--p. [36]. Reproduction Notes Electronic text and image data.
[Chester, Vt.: Readex, a division of Newsbank, Inc., The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord [microform] / by Benjamin Bates Printed by Samuel Pleasants, Jun Richmond [Va.] Australian/Harvard Citation. Bates, Benjamin. The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord The Virginia & North Carolina almanac for the year The freeman's almanack for the year of our Lord This project is made possible by a grant from the U.S.
Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the Indiana State Library. The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord, The whole calculated and referred to the horizon of 38 degrees north latitude, and a meridian of 5 hours west from London.
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by Multiple Contributors available in Trade Paperback onalso read synopsis and reviews. The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding. The Virginia Almanack for the Year of our Lord, Contributors- $ Free Shipping.
Get it by Thu, Jul 30 - Fri, Jul 31 from NY, United States. The Good old Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord being the second after bissextile or leap year and the thirtieth of American independence. Nicolson, Thomas,printer; Tucker, St. George,former owner (Richmond:: Printed by Thos.
Nicolson, near to the Bank of Virginia. The Virginia almanack, or ephemeris: for the year of our Lord, ;-- being the third after leap-year. The astronomical part by Isaac Briggs. [Multiple Contributors, See Notes] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
The Virginia almanack, or ephemeris: for the year of our Lord, ;-- being the third after leap-year. The astronomical part by Isaac Briggs. Paperback or Softback. Condition: New. The Virginia Almanack for the Year of Our Lord God [six Lines of Verse]. Book. Seller Inventory # BBS More information about this seller | Contact this seller Banneker's publishing debut, Benjamin Banneker's Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris, for the Year of Our Lordmakes no reservations about the author's race.
It begins with testimonials from the editors and from James McHenry, a prominent Maryland statesman, attesting to the author's gifts. Get this from a library. The Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord.
[Benjamin Bates;]. The Virginia Almanack for the Year of Our Lord [electronic resource] Format EBook; Book; Online Published Alexandria [D.C.]: Printed by Cottom and Stewart, for themselves--J. Westcott--John Gray, Fredericksburg and John Pumfrey, Richmond., [] The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord h| [electronic resource].
The Virginia almanack for the year of our Lord Publisher: Alexandria [D.C.]: Printed by Cottom and Stewart, for themselves--J. Westcott--John Gray, Fredericksburg and John Pumfrey, Richmond., []. The Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lordbeing the third year after bissextile or leap year; adapted to the latitude and meridian of Richmond / calculated by Benjamin Bates, of Hanover County, Virginia.
The Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord, by,Printed by T. Nicolson, just above the Eagle-Tavern. edition, Microform in English.
A New Virginia almanack, for the year of our Lord, [See Notes Multiple Contributors] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press.
In its determination to preserve the century of revolution. Robert Bailey Thomas The farmer's almanack, calculated on a new and improved plan, for the year of our Lord, Fitted to the town of Boston, but will serve for any of the adjoining states. Boston:: Printed for John West, propietor of the copy-right, and for sale at his book-store, no.
75 Cornhill, and by the other booksellers in Boston. Title from cover Title history: A pocket almanack, for the year ; Fleet's pocket almanack, for the year of our Lord ; Pocket almanack, for the year of our Lord ; Fleet's pocket almanack, for the year of our Lord ; Fleet's register, and pocket almanack, for the year of our Lord ; Massachusetts register and United States calendar, for.
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Description based on: ; title from cover. Addeddate Call number Camera Canon 5D External-identifier. The Gentleman's Diary, or the Mathematical Repository; an Almanack for the Year of our Lord being the second after bissextile or leap-year.
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UNU Newsletter on Migration
by Julia Reinold
ERC project Reintegrate: 2 PhD researchers and 1 Post-Doctoral Researcher
Maastricht University and UNU-MERIT are recruiting 2 PhD Researchers and 1 Post-Doctoral Researcher to work with Dr. Katie Kuschminder on the ERC Starting Grant funded Reintegrate project. The Reintegrate project will study the governance of how return migrants are reintegrated into societies upon their return. The project will develop a conceptual understanding of reintegration governance, its implementation, and effectiveness and a new theoretical model of how different forms of reintegration governance shape returnees' reintegration experiences and outcomes. The four country case studies to assess the different forms of reintegration governance are Ethiopia, Morocco, Nepal and Serbia. Applications can be submitted online via Academic Transfer. If you are interested in a position as PhD Researcher, you can apply via this link. If you are interested in the position as Post-Doctoral Researcher, you can apply here. The application deadline for all positions is 8 July 2021.
NEWS FROM OUR NETWORKS
Maastricht Centre for Citizenship, Migration and Development (MACIMIDE)
The Maastricht Centre for Citizenship, Migration and Development (MACIMIDE) is the interdisciplinary research platform of Maastricht University that brings together scholars working in the fields of migration, mobility, citizenship, development and family life.
The next edition of MACIMIDE's multidisciplinary Annual Conference will take place on 23 September 2021. This year's conference will be organised in cooperation with the Dutch Association for Migration Research (DAMR) to promote exchange and interdisciplinarity. Both DAMR and MACIMIDE members are invited to attend and can now register. You can find the registration form and additional information about the venue and programme here.
Migration Management and the Migration-Development Nexus (MIGNEX)
MIGNEX is a five-year research project (2018–2023) with the core ambition of creating new knowledge on migration, development and policy. MIGNEX is the largest European-funded research project on migration, involving researchers from nine institutions in Europe, Africa and Asia. UNU-MERIT and the Faculty of Law at Maastricht University are part of the consortium led by Prof. Jørgen Carling at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway.
Data collection is finally picking up speed after some disruption due to COVID-19 and is expected to be completed by October this year. You can find an overview of the data collection progress in the ten focus countries here. On 25 May 2021, the MIGNEX team contributed to the public webinar "Ensuring comparability in cross-national research on migration", hosted by TRAFIG as part of the "Zooming in on Migration and Asylum" webinar series.
Training concept for fair and ethical recruitment
The University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (H-BRS) is currently implementing the research project "Sustainable and socially acceptable labour migration management" in cooperation with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in Georgia, Germany, Kosovo and Vietnam. In the context of this project, Dr. Elaine Lebon-McGregor and Dr. Katrin Marchand have been commissioned to develop a training concept and module on fair and ethical recruitment tailored to the specific contexts of Georgia, Kosovo and Vietnam. The team is currently conducting a needs assessment in consultation with government officials in each of these countries.
GIZ project: Development of a tailor-made and context-specific gender-sensitive approach for working with refugees and migrants
The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) has commissioned Dr. Ortrun Merkle and Talitha Dubow to conduct a short-term research assignment to support the provision of a gender-sensitive response to the needs of refugees and migrants in and around reception centres in the Western Balkans. Specifically, the project will assess gender dimensions and gaps in the activities of GIZ's partner organisations and research good practices on gender approaches in refugee response actions outside the Western Balkans region. It will also develop the capacity of partner organisations to understand gender-transformative potentials better and integrate new approaches into their work. The final task of the consultancy and the main product to be developed is a tailor-made and context-specific approach/toolbox for working with refugees and migrants that can be tested and used during the project implementation phase.
D&I grant: Expats x Migrants
An interfaculty team of migration researchers at Maastricht University, including UNU-MERIT's Prof. Melissa Siegel, PhD fellow Julia Reinold and communications officer Sueli Brodin, has won one of Maastricht University's Diversity and Inclusivity grants. The project "Segregating the Migrant Community: Expats x Migrants" invites people to think about and question the labels they put on others by zooming into the distinction made between migrants and expats. For this project, 20 foreign workers will be selected to be included in a photo exhibit. The exhibit will showcase how people who identify either as migrants or expats may not look so different. Additionally, an expert panel will be organised on the theme of migrant identity. This project aims to foster a dialogue on this important issue and finding better ways that Maastricht University can contribute to the inclusion and protection of the migrant community.
Virtual Migration Seminars
During the academic year 2020/2021, the Migration and Development research group at UNU-MERIT (in conjunction with MACIMIDE) hosted 12 seminars on diverse topics around migration studies and human mobility. You can watch several seminars on our YouTube channel here. The most recent seminars were given by Dr. Nicholas R. Micinski from the University of Maine and Prof. Antoine Pécoud from the University of Sorbonne Paris Nord. Dr. Micinski explored the key findings of his recent book "UN Global Compacts: Governing Migrants and Refugees" and Prof. Pécoud presented a study on "Philosophies of Migration Governance in a Globalizing World". There will be no seminars in July and August; the series will resume in September 2021. To join our mailing list and receive invitations for future seminars or express interest in delivering a seminar, please email seminar coordinator Soha Youssef.
ACUNS roundtable discussion with Dr. Elaine Lebon-McGregor
On 26 June 2021, Dr. Elaine Lebon-McGregor participated in a roundtable discussion at the Academic Council on the United Nations System Annual Meeting (ACUNS). The roundtable was chaired by Prof. Daniel Naujoks, Interim Director of the International Organization and UN Studies Specialization and Lecturer of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. The panellists discussed the importance of country-level processes involving international organisations and implications for a multi-level study of global governance. Elaine's contribution drew on her doctoral research on the evolution of migration as a global policy issue, her research on the role of money in migration governance and ongoing research with Dr. Michal Natorski on "Projects as Governance".
Universiteit van Nederland Episode with Prof. Melissa Siegel
In a recent episode of the Universiteit van Nederland, Prof. Melissa Siegel discusses some of the most common misconceptions about migration. In doing so, she emphasises why many of our ideas about migration are wrong and that migration is a normal part of life. During the talk, Prof. Siegel explains who migrants are, the common reasons for migrating, and how they may overlap. Furthermore, she discusses some statistics about migration, including the most important countries of origin and destination, and the relationship between the actual sizes of migrant populations and the public perceives them. The Universiteit van Nederland is devoted to giving the world access to research and science. In cooperation with all Dutch universities, this initiative records video lectures and podcasts to answer thought-provoking questions.
PhD Defense: Eliana Rubiano-Matulevich
On 25 June 2021, Eliana Rubiano-Matulevich successfully defended her dissertation with the title "Essays on Conflict-Induced Displacement and Gender in Colombia". The defence took place on-site and was live-streamed. In her research, Eliana applied a gender lens to the empirical analysis of the impacts of (internal) displacement in Colombia, such as household structures, poverty, gender roles and norms. She finds that displacement can reduce household size, increase poverty and the prevalence of single female caregivers and one-person households. Displaced women work more hours than their male partners, are more likely to be the main breadwinners, and prone to participating in political organisations. Eliana participated in UNU-MERIT's Dual Career Training Programme to obtain a PhD in Governance and Policy Analysis (GPAC²). You can read more about Eliana's research and her experience of combining a PhD with a full-time job and having a family in this interview with her and her supervisors, Prof. Melissa Siegel, Dr. Lisa Andersson and Dr. Ortrun Merkle.
New videos on Melissa Siegel's YouTube channel
About a year ago, Prof. Melissa Siegel launched her YouTube channel to prioritise research communication on migration in a way that is accessible to non-experts. Country case studies that were added to her channel most recently cover the United Kingdom and India. Furthermore, Prof. Siegel published shorter snapshots on Greece, Denmark, Italy and Spain. In addition, she explains "Why you shouldn't use the term 'Brain Drain'!", introduces the platform RemitSCOPE and the Observatory of Public Attitudes to Migration, and discusses the effects of COVID-19 on remittances in 2020.
IMISCOE recently interviewed Prof. Siegel about her YouTube channel. Read here about how and why she came up with the idea for the channel, who it is mainly intended for, and how it has developed since the launch in February 2020.
UNpacked podcast: Julia Reinold on attracting and retaining skilled migrants
PhD fellow Julia Reinold was recently interviewed for the UNpacked podcast. In the episode "Should I stay or should I go?", Julia talked about her research on attracting and retaining highly educated migrants in Maastricht and its cross-border region. The UNpacked podcast was founded by a group of students enrolled in UNU-MERIT's Master's programme in Public Policy and Human Development (MPP) to share the latest news and views on a range of topical global issues with staff and students from UNU-MERIT.
SBE Podcast: Melissa Siegel on Demystifying Common Myths About Migration
In May, Prof. Melissa Siegel was interviewed by Louis Morgner for the SBE Podcast. The podcast shares stories of interesting people all around the School of Business and Economics (SBE) of Maastricht University. In the episode entitled "Demystifying Common Myths About Migration", Prof. Siegel discussed both her own migration and career journey, as well as some of the myths that exist surrounding migration and how research can impact policy around migration. You can also watch the interview on YouTube.
Katie Kuschminder published on "The Conversation"
Dr. Katie Kuschminder published a news article on The Conversation, zooming in on illegal pushbacks where refugees and migrants are forced back over a border without consideration of their circumstances or any chance to apply for asylum. She touches on the European Anti-Fraud Office's investigation into Frontex, which claims that the organisation is involved in illegally preventing migrants and refugees from entering the EU. Dr. Kuschminder's research found that pushbacks violate international law and do not necessarily stop migration, since refugees and other migrants often persevere despite failed attempts. She states that we should be alarmed that an EU agency is engaging in pushbacks. Additionally, Frontex's expanded mandate, among other things making it responsible for monitoring returns of migrants, is concerning. She asks the question: "How will fundamental rights of refugees and other migrants be protected when the agency responsible for upholding them is also complicit in breaching them?"
Most outstanding article award: Multidimensional support for immigrant students
Two professors and a Master's alumna from UNU-MERIT have won the RWB Jackson Award 2021 for the most outstanding English-language article published in the Canadian Journal of Education. The article, titled "The Use of a Multidimensional Support Model to Examine Policies and Practices for Immigrant Students across Canada", was co-authored by UNU-MERIT's Prof. Louis Volante, MPP alumna Camila Lara, and Prof. Melissa Siegel, as well as by Prof. Don Klinger from the University of Waikato. The article states that ministries and departments in Canada should develop a stand-alone policy document to address the needs of immigrant students and devote more attention to the socio-economic challenges faced by immigrant students. According to the authors, these measures would also address the importance of greater policy coherence and collaboration among ministry sectors. Louis Volante previously won this award in 2005.
Master of Science in Public Policy and Human Development
The Master of Science in Public Policy and Human Development programme is a double-degree programme of University Nations University institute UNU-MERIT and Maastricht University. The programme provides students with a variety of skills, tools and knowledge, which enables them to work as policy designers and policy analysts in public and private institutions. The programme offers seven different specialisations, including Migration Studies. You can find a portrait of our former student Soha Youssef and her experiences specialising in Migration Studies here. For non-EU/EEA students, the application deadline for the academic year 2021/22 has already passed. EU/EEA-students can still apply until 15 July 2021.
Migration Management Diploma Programme
The Migration Management Diploma Programme (MMDP) is a capacity-building programme offered by UNU-MERIT since 2013. The MMDP is a three-month programme in which participants can study issues related to migration management and protection, migration and development, and migration policy. The MMDP Spring 2021 was delivered entirely online with the financial assistance of the European Union, contracted by ICMPD through the Mobility Partnership Facility, and co-financed by the German Development Cooperation (GIZ). The number of participants in this cohort was 35 students from 14 different countries. The upcoming MMDP autumn 2021 cohort will also be delivered entirely online from 20 September to 10 December. Find more information here.
For those who are interested but do not have the time to take a full-time course in migration studies, UNU-MERIT offers a number of specially designed online courses to suit the needs of busy professionals. We currently offer three courses that can be started at any time: 1) Introduction to Migration Studies; 2) Migration and Remittance Effects and 3) Comparative Migration Policy. Watch introduction videos for the course on our YouTube channel (internal migration/ forced migration). For further information, please contact Dr. Katrin Marchand.
Rubiano-Matulevich, E. (2021). Essays on conflict-induced displacement and gender in Colombia. Boekenplan, More information
Meshkovska, Biljana, Arjan E. R. Bos & Melissa Siegel, 2021, Long-term (re)integration of persons trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation, International Review of Victimology, Online, More information
Dubow, Talitha, Sze Eng Tan & Katherine Kuschminder, Jun 2021, EU Exit Regimes in Practice: Sustainable Return and Reintegration in Albania, ADMIGOV Interim Report for Deliverable 2.4, More information
Siruno, Lalaine, 2021, 'We are Filipinos, we do bayanihan, we help each other': undocumented migrants in the Netherlands during COVID, London School of Economics - COVID-19 Blog, More information
Photo Credits: H. Pijpers, S. Brodin, M. Siegel, K. Kuschminder, [6] Tetsuro Miyazaki, [19] Flickr: Albertogp123
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Unterwassertage is an ascent from- and descent into- the fountain of Franz Kehrer in the courtyard of the Hofburg, the Bishop's Palace of Bressanone. Between heaven and earth, two people "dangle on a string" and talk about the last things. What is still to be done? What has remained unfinished? How was it? How is it going to be? Between top and down, but without the possibility of moving back to the bottom, up over the roof or to each other, maybe into each other, they are stuck in an eternal dialogue loop. In the hopeless hanging around, the two neurotic wire racks become two archetypal representatives of a modern Western man: they drift along in the eternal "now what?".
The abysmal comic dialogues of Arno Dejaco are put into the mouth of two iced performers. The atmospheric installation is embedded in a soundscape by Julian Angerer.