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2016: The Offshore Year in Review
The year 2016 was an epic year in the offshore world due to the leaks of confidential offshore financial information known as the "Panama Papers". In addition, in 2016, more countries began to report offshore financial information to the IRS under FACTA (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act).
Also in 2016, the IRS and U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) continued to successfully attack offshore banking "secrecy", moving beyond Switzerland to other foreign jurisdictions. "Going offshore" for the purposes of hiding money from the IRS is now impossible. Going offshore for asset protection from civil creditors and for tax minimization is still viable and effective, but must be tax-compliant.
Further Erosion of Offshore Bank Secrecy and Encouraging Tax Compliance
In 2016, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) released a massive amount of once-confidential offshore information known as the "Panama Papers". The files included sensitive foreign banking information, including identities of owners of offshore accounts, secretive corporations and other entities established by Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca. Also in 2016, ICIJ released data from the Bahamas including names of directors, shareholders and "nominees" of shell companies, trusts and foundations in the Bahamas. These most recent breaches of offshore secrecy followed the 2013 release of information, also by ICIJ, regarding offshore accounts in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and Singapore, the 2008 theft of banking data at HSBC in France, and the 2006 leak at LGT Bank in Liechtenstein. The lesson, once again, is that hacking, leaks and whistle blowers are as significant a threat to banking secrecy as laws such as FATCA (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) and inter-governmental cooperation and exchange of information. Another lesson is that offshore asset protection should not — indeed, cannot — be dependent upon "confidentiality" and "secrecy", simply because offshore "secrecy" no longer exists.
During 2016, the IRS and DOJ continued to investigate and prosecute many U.S. taxpayers with undeclared offshore assets. U.S. taxpayers with undeclared foreign accounts in Switzerland, Cayman, Belize, India, Israel, Singapore, Panama and other jurisdictions have been targeted. In 2016, the IRS collected a $100 million penalty from a U.S. taxpayer who hid his Swiss account.
In 2016, most Swiss banks settled with DOJ and reported accounts with a U.S. nexus. In return for deferred prosecution, these Swiss banks are paying fines to the U.S. and revealing the identities of their American account owners. Clients of these banks who have not already come into IRS compliance can make a voluntary disclosure of these accounts, but will pay increased penalties in return for no criminal exposure (but not if the IRS already has their names!). Swiss banking secrecy, seriously weakened since DOJ forced UBS to disclose its U.S. clients in 2009, is now extinct. Moreover, now the Swiss banks report to the U.S. without advance warning to their U.S. clients. New legislation in Switzerland imposes penalties on a Swiss bank or bank employee who is aware of a U.S. request for information and then notifies the U.S. account owner prior to transfer of the requested information.
All reputable countries are agreeing to the exchange of tax information and banking transparency. In 2016, Singapore implemented FATCA. In 2015, Luxembourg began exchange of bank depositor information. Likewise, Austria, the last remaining EU member holdout, agreed to share banking data. During 2016, over 100 countries (and hundreds of thousands of foreign banks and other financial institutions) have agreed to sign on to FATCA and automatically report foreign account and income data to the IRS, including: India, Cyprus, Singapore, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Barbados, Bahamas, Hong Kong, Brazil, Jersey, Guernsey, Cayman, etc. If you have financial ties to foreign countries, you must address IRS compliance for foreign accounts and assets. The fact that a foreign bank has no branches in the U.S. is now irrelevant.
The reach of the U.S. Government to foreign banks is undeniable. In 2016, Bank Julius Baer settled with DOJ, paying a fine of $547 million. Also in 2016, two Cayman Islands financial institutions pleaded guilty to conspiring to hide millions from the IRS in Cayman accounts. The IRS is investigating HSBC, the Swiss Kantonal banks, Pictet, Bank HaPoalim, Mizrahi Tefahot and banks in the Caribbean. During 2016, the IRS focused on Panama, Singapore and the Cayman Islands. DOJ also issued summonses to U.S. banks for information on U.S. correspondent accounts used by owners of foreign accounts to access funds. Banks in Switzerland, Israel, India, Singapore and the Caribbean are currently under investigation. We expect more banks, in other countries, to be targeted in 2017. Again, the fact that a foreign bank has no branches in the U.S. is now irrelevant.
In 2016, Israeli banks froze many accounts of U.S. persons, until the account owners signed IRS Forms W-9 disclosing their social security numbers or provided evidence of S. tax compliance. U.S. persons with Israeli accounts now face two challenges: access to their money, and IRS compliance. Many are now entering the IRS Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program. Israel has become the most vigilant of foreign countries in enforcing FATCA, to the extent that an Israeli banker may face criminal liability under Israeli domestic criminal law, for failing to abide by FATCA, a U.S. law.
In positive news, the IRS issued recent guidance on FBAR penalties that seems to indicate a trend toward lower penalties for both willful and non-willful failure to file the FBAR. The new penalty structure allows for a single penalty, rather than multi-year penalties. In addition, the penalties should not exceed the value of the foreign account. The new guidance is applicable to cases currently in audit.
Recent appellate court cases all uniformly have held that foreign bank statements must be handed over to the IRS regardless of any Fifth Amendment claim against self-incrimination. This means that the IRS can compel, via Information Document Request (IDR) or subpoena, a taxpayer or his bank to provide his offshore account records even if those records are incriminating. Prosecutors may then use those records to prove commission of tax crimes, including failure to file bank disclosures, filing false tax returns, tax evasion and tax fraud.
In light of the above events, many clients have retained us to make their foreign accounts and other assets tax-compliant. We have represented many clients in Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Programs (OVDP) introduced by the IRS in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2014. The 2014 OVDP is still in effect (although the IRS warns that it may close the program at any time). We have represented clients with accounts and assets on every continent (except Antarctica), brought them into IRS compliance and avoided prosecution. In 2014, the IRS changed the terms of its OVDP, and also began new "Streamlined" voluntary disclosure procedures for non-willful conduct. The Streamlined procedures have greatly reduced penalties (5% for U.S. residents; 0% for non-residents). We can advise you on which program is best for you. The penalties within the OVDP are usually less than if the IRS discovers the foreign account via audit, investigation or information the IRS receives from a bank or foreign government.
Within the OVDP, the penalty is 27.5% of the highest value of the foreign asset(s). However, this penalty increases to 50% if the foreign financial institution housing the foreign account is under investigation or is cooperating with DOJ/IRS. There are approximately one hundred foreign banks on the so-called "naughty bank" list, most but not all in Switzerland. On November 15, 2016, the "naughty list" increased to approximately one hundred and fifty. The new additions are foreign "facilitators" of U.S. tax fraud, i.e., the foreign bankers, lawyers, trustees, investment advisors and other service providers who worked with U.S. clients to hide assets and income from the IRS.
Clients should bring their accounts into tax compliance on the state level as well. Some states, such as New York, New Jersey and California, have formal programs for offshore accounts. Other states, including Connecticut, had a formal program in the past, and we have been successful in applying the favorable terms of the past programs to current clients. The IRS shares information with state governments, including that a federal tax return was amended to report foreign income. Please contact us regarding tax compliance on the state and federal levels.
Against the background of the U.S. offensive against undisclosed offshore accounts, FATCA and new compliance burdens, many foreign banks have "fired" their U.S. clients and closed even compliant accounts. In 2016, we assisted clients in keeping open their compliant foreign accounts, or locating new foreign institutions to take their business. While many foreign banks no longer welcome U.S. account holders, we have relationships with foreign institutions which still service our clients' tax-compliant accounts.
This year has been an unprecedented year both domestically and offshore. We can assist you in navigating through the changing offshore world and advise you regarding offshore (and onshore) assets.
Switzerland Defeated, the U.S. Turns Against Accounts in Other Countries
March 15, 2016 By Asher Rubinstein, Esq.
Recently, the last Swiss banks to seek non-prosecution agreements with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) have paid their fines and revealed the identities of their U.S. account holders. The U.S. Government is able to credibly announce that Swiss banking secrecy has been thoroughly defeated. Contemporaneous with the victory over Swiss banks, the U.S. has turned its attention to hidden bank accounts in other tax haven jurisdictions.
On March 9, 2016, two Cayman Islands financial institutions, Cayman National Securities (CNS) and Cayman National Trust Co. (CNT) pled guilty in federal court in New York to conspiring with American account holders to hide accounts and evade U.S. taxes. These guilty pleas are the first from financial institutions outside of Switzerland. The pleas included details of CNS and CNT creating "sham" corporations and trusts for their U.S. clients to obscure the true beneficial owners of the accounts. DOJ also pointed out that CNS and CNT continued to provide "secret" banking services even after 2008, when it was publicly known that DOJ was investigating and prosecuting UBS for facilitating the same type of tax fraud. The Cayman institutions will pay a penalty of $6 million.
The guilty pleas revealed that "[f]rom 2001 through 2011, CNS and CNT earned more than $3.4 million in gross revenues from the undeclared U.S. taxpayer accounts that they maintained." That doesn't seem to be much of a return on the illicit activity, especially amortized over that ten year period. It is especially surprising that the Cayman institutions, on notice since 2008 of the DOJ investigation and prosecution of UBS, made the business decision to continue to offer the very same "secret" banking services when the return was so low and the risk was so high.
Pursuant to a treaty request, CNS and CNT have already disclosed twenty percent of their U.S. clientele to DOJ, and will now reveal ninety to ninety five percent of their U.S. clientele. For U.S. taxpayers who have not already come forward and voluntarily disclosed their accounts at CNS and CNT to the IRS, a pre-emptive disclosure is now too late. Those taxpayers can now expect IRS investigations and criminal prosecutions.
Two weeks prior to the Cayman guilty pleas in New York, in a different offshore banking prosecution in Miami, DOJ requested that a federal court issue a "Bank of Nova Scotia" summons to UBS in Miami. The summons demanded the records of a UBS account in Singapore belonging to a U.S. taxpayer in China. In the past, DOJ has repeatedly used "John Doe" summonses against foreign banks (including in Switzerland, Belize, India and the Caribbean) to obtain information about a broad class of U.S. taxpayers unknown by specific name. "Bank of Nova Scotia" summonses have not been used as frequently until now. They derive from a court case where a U.S. court compelled a branch of Scotiabank in Miami to disclose information to DOJ regarding a Scotia branch in the Cayman Islands, notwithstanding Cayman's secrecy laws.
In the present case, UBS will argue that Singapore's bank secrecy laws prevent UBS from providing the account records to DOJ. The parallel argument applied, of course, to accounts at UBS in Switzerland when DOJ prosecuted UBS in 2008. And yet, Swiss bank secrecy failed for UBS (and its U.S. clients) in 2009. Because of UBS' substantial presence in the U.S., it was forced to settle with DOJ or else face penalties against UBS' banking licenses and assets within the United States. For the same reason, we can expect that, just like the Swiss account records, the UBS Singapore account records will ultimately be handed over to DOJ.
Notwithstanding UBS' vulnerability with respect to its U.S. assets, it is unlikely that the state of Singapore would risk its financial reputation to protect non-compliant accounts. Singapore makes a significant amount of money from legitimate international banking and finance and would not jeopardize this by being "blacklisted" as an uncooperative tax haven, as it was a decade ago. To this end, in 2014 Singapore signed FATCA, whereby Singapore financial institutions report information about U.S. account owners to the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, which in turns furnishes the data to the IRS. In addition, a new Singapore regulation requires banks to identify all accounts that may harbor the proceeds of tax evasion, and close them. Failure to abide by this new law will result in criminal charges for the Singaporean bankers.
It is of course no surprise that DOJ and the IRS are pursuing undisclosed accounts in Cayman and Singapore. The U.S. has not limited its enforcement activity to non-compliant accounts in Switzerland alone. Within the last couple of years, DOJ has moved against banks and financial institutions in the Caribbean (CIBC First Caribbean, Stanford Bank and Butterfield Bank in the Bahamas, Barbados and elsewhere), Belize (Belize Bank International Limited and Belize Bank Limited), Panama (Sovereign Management) and India (HSBC India). We expect that other financial institutions, in other jurisdictions, are being investigated as well.
The settlement by some one hundred Swiss banks with DOJ, whereby in exchange for paying fines and naming U.S. account holders the banks avoid prosecution, has now freed up manifold resources at DOJ and IRS to examine and prosecute other financial institutions beyond Switzerland. Moreover, the account information handed over by the Swiss banks when settling with DOJ provided DOJ with a road map of funds leaving Switzerland and where these funds went, the so-called "leaver accounts". DOJ and IRS are especially driven to investigate and prosecute these account holders, as they show an added level of intent to deceive the IRS. Many of the leaver accounts went to jurisdictions like Dubai, Israel, Singapore, Hong Kong and Panama. These jurisdictions are now targets of DOJ investigation.
There is still an opportunity to bring foreign accounts into IRS compliance, via the IRS Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP) and, for less egregious non-willful infractions, the Streamlined disclosure procedures. However, it has been some eight years since the 2008 DOJ prosecution of UBS signaled the end of Swiss banking secrecy. There have been recent hints by the IRS that, given the amount of time that has elapsed, the opportunity to voluntarily disclose the accounts to the IRS in return for lower penalties may be closing. U.S. taxpayers who still have non-compliant offshore accounts would be well advised to seek competent legal assistance in addressing how to best come into compliance, and they should do this before the IRS finds them.
If You Have an Unreported Foreign Account, You Really Should Be Thinking about Tax Compliance
November 21, 2013 By Asher Rubinstein, Esq.
If You Have an Unreported Foreign Account,
You Really Should Be Thinking about Tax Compliance
by Asher Rubinstein, Esq.
If you have a foreign account that you have not declared to the IRS, you really should be giving thought to how to bring the foreign account into compliance now. It will only get more difficult to keep the account open, to access your offshore funds, and to keep the IRS from discovering the account. And, when the IRS does eventually discover the account, it will only get more expensive to correct the non-disclosure and defend against a tax fraud prosecution.
Foreign Banks Are Freezing and Closing Accounts and Limiting Access to Your Money
If you don't bring the foreign account into IRS compliance, you will have problems trying to access the funds. Many foreign banks are simply freezing the accounts of Americans until the account holders provide signed IRS Forms W-9 or otherwise demonstrate evidence of U.S. tax compliance. If you provide a W-9 to the bank, the bank will likely share your identity and your banking information with the IRS.
We have had many clients tell us that their foreign bank has frozen their account, and they request that we intervene to get the bank to release their money. While we can often assist in that regard, the larger issue is: what are you going to do about the IRS finding the account?
In addition to freezing accounts, many foreign banks are simply closing the accounts of Americans, or of foreign nationals suspected of having a U.S. address or a U.S. tax nexus. These banks do not want to deal with the IRS and with U.S. compliance burdens. These banks are concluding, as a business matter, that it makes better sense for the banks to cease offering banking services to people with a U.S. nexus.
We have assisted clients in keeping open their compliant foreign accounts, and we have assisted other clients in locating new foreign banks to take their compliant foreign funds. If you have an undeclared foreign account, and your bank is telling you to leave, you will have to anticipate the successor bank asking the same sort of "know your client" and source of funds inquiries, and asking you to sign a IRS Form W-9. It is getting harder and harder to simply leave foreign Bank A and move the account to foreign Bank B. Very few foreign banks remain willing to take your non-compliant funds.
You Will Have Difficulty Getting Your Money Back to the U.S.
Wiring the funds back to the U.S. is not advisable. A sudden wire transfer of a large dollar amount into a U.S. account would likely lead to the receiving bank asking questions about the wire transfer, the source of funds, and whether the funds are tax-compliant. Banks will not ignore their due diligence and "know your client" obligations, no matter how friendly you might be with your banker. The compliance and legal risks to the bank are too significant.
Moreover, an inbound wire transfer could cause the bank to file an SAR (Suspicious Activity Report) with the U.S. Treasury Department, and there is no requirement that the bank even let you know that it is filing an SAR. Even if you try to deposit a foreign bank check and avoid a large wire transfer, the U.S. bank will likely ask the same questions.
Finally, even assuming that you can get your foreign funds safely back into the U.S., you still have to worry about the IRS discovering the past non-compliance when the funds were offshore. As discussed below, the IRS is interested in the past history of the non-compliant foreign account, even if that account is now closed.
Your Options Are Limited as to Where to Keep the Funds Outside the U.S.
As noted above, it will not be easy for you to simply find a new foreign bank, one that will overlook the fact that your funds are not U.S. tax compliant, one that will not ask you to sign a Form W-9, one that is not concerned about FATCA (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) which will require the bank to report information to the IRS.
FATCA is a U.S. law, passed in 2010, which reaches overseas and requires all foreign banks and financial institutions to automatically report to the IRS (without IRS subpoena or request) information regarding their American client accounts. Essentially, every foreign bank becomes an agent of the IRS. If a foreign bank or financial institution does not agree to FATCA reporting, then the U.S. will penalize it by withholding significant amounts of U.S.-source income. Recently, many countries have signed on to FATCA, including Spain, Italy, Norway, Germany, Mexico, the UK, Ireland and Switzerland. Many other countries (some seventy five around the world) have announced that they are negotiating FATCA deals with the U.S., including South Africa, Singapore and Liechtenstein.
People suggest to us that foreign jurisdictions still exist which could act as shelters for non-compliant assets. We hear that certain countries are "the next Switzerland". Since 2008, when UBS became the target of DOJ's civil and criminal prosecution, the flow of funds exiting Switzerland for Singapore, for example, has been significant.
However, no reputable financial jurisdiction (including Singapore) would risk its financial reputation to harbor non-compliant accounts. Singapore makes a significant amount of money from legitimate international banking and would not jeopardize this by being "blacklisted" as an uncooperative tax haven, as it was a decade ago. To this end, Singapore has recently announced that it is in talks with the U.S. on a FATCA-type of agreement. In addition, a new Singapore regulation requires banks to identify all accounts that may harbor the proceeds of tax evasion, and close them. Failure to abide by this new law will result in criminal charges for the Singaporean bankers.
Virtually all reputable financial institutions around the world – – at least the credible, stable ones, i.e., places one would want to bank because of safety and stability – – will report to the IRS. Nations "off the grid" may welcome dollars, but one must ask whether depositing assets in an unsafe or unstable jurisdiction is a prudent move. Is it worth it to move money from the first world to the third world in order to avoid the IRS, if the risk of losing the money is significant?
Finally, even assuming that you find a new harbor for your foreign assets, there will almost certainly be a paper trail of where your assets went. The last bank statement from your prior account will show an outward transfer. That will be a road map for the IRS once it obtains the statement by subpoena, summons, treaty request or settlement agreement.
Closing the Account May Not be Enough
Merely closing a foreign account is not a viable solution, because DOJ and IRS never limit their investigations to only current accounts. In the case of UBS, DOJ's John Doe Summons sought banking records back to 2000. In the case of Liechtensteinische Landesbank, DOJ requested records back to 2004. In the case of Julius Baer, the investigation goes back to 2002. DOJ's request to Liechtenstein trust companies and other fiduciaries sought records back to 2001.
In other words, closing an account today does nothing to remedy the non-compliant past, and DOJ and the IRS focus on past non-compliance. In addition, a wire transfer or bank check from the foreign account to a U.S. account (or account elsewhere) creates an easy trail back to the foreign account, and also gives rise to due diligence, "know your client" and source of funds inquiries by the recipient bank. Using the non-compliant funds to buy real estate or other assets also creates a trail and does nothing to undo the non-compliant past, which will be the focus of the IRS investigation.
The Era of Bank Secrecy is Over
It seems that with every passing year, bank secrecy continues to decrease and the risk of discovery increases. In 2013, the following events occurred:
– Switzerland agreed to a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) whereby almost all Swiss banks will begin to report bank account data to the U.S. without a need for court orders or government-to-government treaty requests.
– Liechtenstein agreed to sign a global treaty allowing for increased bank transparency and automatic exchange of tax information. It is also expected that Liechtenstein will sign on to FATCA.
– All reputable countries are agreeing to the exchange of information and banking transparency. In 2013, Luxembourg agreed to automatic exchange of bank depositor information beginning in January 2015. Likewise, Austria, the last remaining EU member holdout, agreed in 2013 to share banking data.
– The U.S. Department of Justice has sent summonses and requests for banking information to the following: Bank Julius Baer, the Liechtenstein Foundation Supervisory Authority, CIBC First Caribbean International Bank, Bank of Butterfield, HSBC and others. DOJ is investigating many Swiss banks, Israeli banks, banks in Luxembourg, the Caribbean and elsewhere. IRS and DOJ are not stopping at Switzerland. U.S. investigators are paying particular attention to "leaver accounts", i.e., the accounts of those people who leave Swiss banks in favor of banks elsewhere, in an attempt to continue to evade the IRS. It should be noted that under the 2013 Swiss-U.S. settlement agreement discussed above, Swiss banks are required to identify "leaver accounts" specifically, and report them to DOJ.
In 2014, foreign banks will begin to report information to the IRS under FATCA.
The Window of Opportunity to Come Into Compliance Could Close Anytime
It is possible to bring your foreign assets into tax compliance by disclosing the assets to the IRS before the IRS learns of those assets, and to participate in a partial amnesty program known as the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program ("OVDP"). If the IRS learns about your foreign assets (through any means, including from a foreign bank or foreign government, as a result of an audit or investigation, or even because of a whistle blower such as an ex-spouse or adversary), then the IRS will not accept your disclosure and the full weight of tax fraud penalties will apply, including criminal prosecution. If accepted into the OVDP, such consequences can be avoided, although back taxes, interest and penalties will be due.
However, at any time the IRS can "close the door" on the opportunity to voluntarily disclose a foreign financial asset and to participate in the OVDP. Under the most recent terms of the Voluntary Disclosure Program, the IRS merely has to announce that account holders at any specific bank under investigation are precluded from making a voluntary disclosure. The significance is that U.S. clients can no longer wait for an announcement of a DOJ summons or a treaty request before they decide to come forward. The door to come forward can be closed by the IRS much earlier and without warning. That is a new variable in the opportunity to make a voluntary disclosure. It increases the risk of prosecution and it creates more immediate pressure to come into tax compliance. Timing, once again, is everything, and the IRS can close the door at any time.
The common theme through all of the above is that if you have a foreign account or other asset that is not U.S. tax compliant, it will only get more difficult to keep the IRS from discovering the account, to maintain the account in a safe and secure institution, and to access your funds. Now is the time to consult with U.S. tax counsel on what to do about your offshore assets, how to minimize your exposure, how to bring the assets into compliance, and how to safely access your money.
Watch Asher Rubinstein interviewed on CNBC regarding Offshore Banking, the End of Bank Secrecy, the IRS attack against HSBC India and Offshore Asset Protection
April 13, 2011 By Asher Rubinstein, Esq.
Asher Rubinstein was interviewed by CNBC Asia "Squawk Box"
Watch video here
What's New with Foreign Bank Accounts and Voluntary Disclosures?
August 25, 2010 By Asher Rubinstein, Esq.
With regard to the UBS matter, the SFTA (Swiss Federal Tax Authority) continues to transmit once-"secret" banking files to the IRS, as per the UBS settlement agreement. Americans whose UBS accounts are being revealed to the IRS and who have not already come forward and voluntarily disclosed their accounts can expect to be on the receiving end of an IRS investigation or subpoena and should consult with a tax attorney. Americans with accounts at foreign banks other than UBS must consider that the IRS is now targeting other banks, including but not limited to Credit Suisse, HSBC and Julius Baer, and these account holders must give thought to cleaning up non-compliant accounts before the IRS discovers the accounts.
Now that the UBS settlement is finalized (i.e., approved by the Swiss Parliament) and the transfer of account information to the IRS is proceeding, the IRS is analyzing the account information that it is receiving, launching investigations against account holders, and prosecuting account holders for not reporting the accounts and not paying taxes on income earned in those accounts. The IRS is also moving past UBS and investigating other banks, in other countries. India is one target of investigation. We also understand that the IRS is focusing on accounts in Israel. We are getting many calls from people with accounts in India and Israel, and also Hong Kong and Singapore, who are looking to put their banking affairs in order.
Also important are the subtle but significant changes in IRS voluntary disclosure practice. First, there are rumors that voluntary disclosures made after June 18, when the Swiss Parliament approved the UBS settlement, will not be accepted. The theory is that once the Swiss Parliament approved the settlement, disclosures are not sufficiently voluntary. In practice, however, we are still representing numerous clients who are still coming forward and making disclosures after June 18, and their disclosures are not being rejected.
Second, the "pre-clearance" process of the voluntary disclosure (whereby the IRS lets us know whether the IRS already has the name of the account holder, which would render the disclosure too late), has also changed, slightly but significantly. In the past, to request pre-clearance, we would only have to provide the individual's name, address, social security number and date of birth. This is sufficient information whereby the IRS could tell us whether it already had knowledge of the individual, in which case pre-clearance would come back denied, or whether the individual was pre-cleared to continue the voluntary disclosure. Now, however, the IRS is asking for the name of the foreign bank in order to process the pre-clearance. The name of the bank is potentially incriminating information. If pre-clearance is denied, then the IRS already has the person's name, plus the foreign bank, which makes investigation and prosecution easier for the IRS. The IRS has changed its procedure to require incriminating information in advance of any indication of acceptance into the voluntary disclosure program. This could have a chilling effect on future voluntary disclosures, because people will not be handing over incriminating information without the slightest indication of whether they will be accepted by the IRS. However, if the individual is not concerned with being rejected from the program (for example, the foreign funds are not illegal source funds), then it may still make sense to provide the bank information and proceed with the disclosure. The benefit of disclosure – lower penalties and avoidance of criminal prosecution – may outweigh the provision of potentially incriminating information, especially when there is little risk of non-acceptance into the voluntary disclosure program.
We can assist foreign account holders in addressing such risks, navigating the changing rules and procedures of the voluntary disclosure program, and cleaning up non-compliant foreign accounts.


Germany has been joined by Finland, Netherlands, and Denmark in a suspension of arms sales to Saudi Arabia. The decisions follow the assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, and announcements by the United Nations that Yemen is experiencing the worst famine the world has seen for 100 years. Save the Children, using data compiled by the UN, has estimated that 85,000 children in Yemen may have died from starvation or disease since the war began in 2015. According to the research organisation Saferworld, Finland sold around $6m worth of arms to Saudi Arabia in 2017. Denmark's freeze includes military and surveillence equipment, and some "dual-use" technologies. Following the passing of a law banning arms sales to Saudi Arabia, the Dutch Foreign Secretary Stef Blok announced that he would be pushing for a similar ban by the United Nations.
In mid-November, the US Senate rejected a resolution by Senator Rand Paul designed to stop a $300 million shipment of missiles and launchers from the USA to Bahrain. Bahrain is a member of the Saudi-led coalition, and in September the State Department announced it intended to sell 110 Army Tactical Missiles Systems (ATACMS) missiles along with 120 rocket pods. ATACMS is a 500lb-class guided missile with a 300km range, built by Lockheed Martin.


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This Week in Port Phillip 1841: 17-24 August 1841
THE WATER CARTERS
At this stage, Melbourne was reliant on water carters for its water supply. Having recently spent some time in Nairobi where our house was reliant on tanked water for its domestic supply, I have a new appreciation for the angst caused by the non-appearance of the water delivery tank.
THE WATER CARTERS: Of late, several impositions have been attempted, and threats made by the carters who are in the habit of supplying the inhabitants of Melbourne with water. On Tuesday last one of these worthies was requested to bring a load to a resident in Bourke-street, which he willingly promised he would, and proceeded, as he said, direct to the pumps for the purpose. Hours, however, passed over, and no water cart made its appearance. After waiting for so long a time, absolutely in the greatest want of the water, there was no other alternative left than to send through the streets and purchase a cask from another man. When a considerable period had elapsed after the so-much-required supply had been procured, the first carter arrived with his load, but as he had so disgracefully broken his agreement, and besides, as the water was not only then not required, but as there was no vessel for its reception, it was refused, and no payment of course would be made. Upon this announcement, the villain burst out into a violent storm of passion, discharged the water upon the path near the door, and threatened he would instantly have the person who had given him such offence summoned to the court. Certainly there must, in a civilized colony, be some law wherewith to punish such vagabonds. It would be well for a case to be tried to solve the question. [PPH 17/8/41]
AN AFFAIR OF HONOUR
On 20th August the Port Phillip Herald reported a "hostile meeting" between "Mr B___ a gentleman of the bar" and Mr S_____. These thinly disguised names would have been readily known to Port Phillip inhabitants: Redmond Barry (then aged 28) and Peter Snodgrass (aged 24). As Edmund Finn, writing as 'Garryowen' described in his inimitable way:
In August 1841 occurred a hostile meeting, remarkable in consequence of the position attained in after time by the principals. Mr Peter Snodgrass was by no means the least pugnacious individual of an extinct generation, and it did not take much to get up a casus belli with him. Mr Redmond Barry was a gay and promising young Barrister, and the two were prominent members of the Melbourne Club. Barry had written a letter to a friend, who injudiciously showed it to Snodgrass, about whom it contained some reference, which was deemed to be personally offensive, and a challenge was the consequence. The gage of battle was taken up, the preliminaries were quickly arranged, and in the rawness of a winter's morning the meeting came off by the side of the "sad sea waves," between Sandridge and the present Albert Park Railway Station. Though the weather was the reverse of promising, Barry made his appearance on the ground done up with as much precision as if attending a Vice-regal levee. Even then he wore the peculiarly fabricated bell-topper, which a future Melbourne Punch was destined to present to the public in illustrated variety; he was strap trousered, swallow-tail coated, white-vested, gloved and cravated to a nicety. He even carried his Sir Charles Grandison deportment with him to the pistol's mouth, and never in years after appeared to such grandiose advantage as on this occasion. When they sighted each other at the recognized measurement, before Barry took the firing-iron from his supporter, he placed his hat with much polite tenderness on the green sward near him, ungloved, drew down his spotless wristbands, and saluted his wicked-looking antagonist with a profound obeisance that would do credit to any mandarin that ever learn salaaming in the Celestial Empire. They taking his pistol and elevating himself into a majestic pose, he calmly awaited the word of command. Snodgrass fussed and fidgetted a good deal- not from the nervousness of fear, for he was as brave as an English bull-dog, but rather from a desire to have the thing over with as little ceremonial nonsense as possible, for he was Barry's antithesis as a student of the proprieties. It was his over-eagerness on such occasions that caused his duelling to eventuate more than once in a fiasco, and unfitted him for the tender handling of hair-trigger pistols. By a laughable coincidence, the present "engagement" was terminated in a manner precisely similar to what happened at the duel of the year before, when a hair-trigger prematurely went off. The same fire-arm was now in use, and just as the shooting-signal was about to go forth, the pistol held by Snodgrass, getting the start, was by some inadvertence discharged too soon, whereat Barry at once magnanimously fired into the air. Little could either of the duellers foresee what futurity had in store for both. The one grew into the esteemed and popular forensic Advocate, and on to the eminent and universally-valued Judge; whilst the other, in the following year, was a gallant capturer of bushrangers, and ended his career as an active Member of Parliament, and a voluble if not eloquent Chairman of Committees in the Legislative Assembly.
Redmond Barry in his later, more sober years.
A NEW POST OFFICE
The new post office had opened on the corner of Bourke and Elizabeth Streets week earlier, having vacated its former premises in Little Collins Street.
The Second Post Office by William Liardet. This post office in Little Collins Street was superseded by the 'new' post office on the corner of Bourke and Elizabeth Streets, which opened in August 1841. State Library of Victoria
http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/151517
[Actually, looking at this picture- is that a beggar sitting against the wall, receiving alms from a lawyer??]
The third post office, which opened in August 1841, is shown here in 1853, only six years before it was demolished for the first GPO which was built on the site. Note the deep gutter to the right of the image, built to try to control the unruly waters of Elizabeth Street. Original drawing by F. Thomas. State Library of Victoria
On August 17 the Port Phillip Herald praised the appearance of the letter-carrier, who seems to have cut quite a dash:
The scarlet coat, gold band on the hat, and leather case under the arm of the letter carrier, give a very gay appearance to the town of Melbourne, and to the gay lothario who sports them [PPH 17/8/41]
SOME BITS AND BOBS
An arrival in port
There was a 62 ton schooner called Truganini that arrived from Hobart. Interesting that the the woman we know as Truganini (Trugernanner) was at this stage in Melbourne, having come across with the Aboriginal Protector George Augustus Robinson. I wonder how and why the boat was named Truganini?
A caution
An interesting advertisement:
CAUTION. The public are hereby Cautioned against giving credit or harbouring my wife, Agnes Brown, she having decamped from her home, taking with her a watch, tea caddy, box and bed quilt on Thursday last. Any person found harbouring her, will be dealt with according to law; and persons giving me such information as will lead to conviction, shall receive Five Pounds Reward. James Brown. X his mark.
Until the passing of the English Divorce Act in 1857, divorces could only be granted by an Act of the British Parliament: an avenue restricted to very wealthy people. Only one petition for divorce was ever made in New South Wales (and that, interestingly enough, was on the part of the wife). Although legislation to protect Deserted Wives and Children was introduced in NSW in 1840, the emphasis was on men deserting their wives rather than the other way around. However, as the advertisement above makes clear, women did not have property rights to any family goods, when they left a marriage, an illegal act in itself. A watch, a tea caddy, a box and a quilt: possibly the watch and the contents of the tea caddy were all the portable property the couple held, while the quilt seems a particularly female object to take. [Memo to self: must go see the Quilt Exhibition at NGV Australia before it finishes in November].
And another interesting advertisement:
STRAYED about a fortnight ago- a boy about nine years old, had on light trowsers, blue cloth jacket, rather large pair of old worn out boots, dark hair, freckled features, round plump face; a small dog following blind of one eye. The boy has strayed in a similar manner before and went in a fictitious name. He is supposed to be in the vicinity of Melbourne. Whoever will give information where he may be found to Mr Henny, Irish Harp, will be thankfully received. [PPH 17/8/41]
AND THE WEATHER?
Strong winds prevailing, weather cloudy or rainy.
This entry was posted in This Week in Port Phillip District 1841, Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.
3 responses to "This Week in Port Phillip 1841: 17-24 August 1841"
wadholloway | August 31, 2016 at 10:06 am | Reply
There seem to be a lot of gay men about! I assume the water carters were pumping from the Yarra – above Dight's Falls?
residentjudge | August 31, 2016 at 10:27 am | Reply
There was a small rocky ledge across the Yarra at about Queen Street which separated salt water from fresh water (it has since been removed). These falls were extended upwards at times to stop the salt tide rising too high. A number of pumps were established on the north side of the Yarra River, in the space between Princes Bridge (Swanston St) and Queens Street and in these early years, they provided water for the watercarts.
wadholloway | August 31, 2016 at 10:36 am |
Thanks! You are giving us a very clear picture of life in Melb just a few years after it was established.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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In the Mix - Book
Buda's Wagon: A Brief History of the Car Bomb
By Sheryl Beauvais
Car bombs—and truck bombs and bicycle bombs—are cheap, easy to make, tough to stop and effective. Small wonder their popularity persists. In the past 25 years, they've been used in 35 countries, in some cases forcing an invading force to withdraw. Davis recounts such turning points—notably the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983—in concise, vivid language. Buda's Wagon details the evolution of blast technology and attack strategies. For example, the use of fertilizer—pioneered by Wisconsin college students protesting the Vietnam War—broadened access to car bombs. And the Irish Republican Army learned that explosions in London put more pressure on their opponents than explosions in Belfast—a chilling lesson indeed as news reports continue to cover car bombs in Baghdad.
More Arts&Culture » In the Mix - Book
Poetry and Commitment
May we all be hogs for it.
Wayne's College of Beauty
It's not about cosmetology…
Pig Island
Wanna be creeped out? Mo knows.
Wrestling Babylon: Piledriving Tales of Drugs, Sex, Death, and Scandal
Like the cover blurb says, "sex and the gritty."
The Complete Poetry
Carnality vs. divinity is just the beginning.


DuraLash Individual Flared lashes Long Black – Ardell are the closest thing to natural lashes ever developed. These exclusive knot-free cluster of approximately 5 lashes per individual design. They are permanently curled waterproof and are easy to apply and comfortable to wear.


Heidi has over 17 years in dentistry and has managed large successful practices. She has also been a Dentrix trainer for many years. Many of you are familiar with her in that role. Heidi's deep experience makes her ideally suited for special situations. For example, dealing with a turnover of the administrative staff, making sure the new staff is in line and the systems are tuned or stay tuned. For some of you, she can be seen as a free-lance office manager. Heidi will also help you and us in technical research as the front desk area, like the clinical side, is increasingly digital and complex. Remember, my team is your team and now we have some great new talent on board.


the right of working people to establish and to join trade unions; also, the freedom of action of the trade unions themselves. The chief meaning of freedom of association is to provide organizations of working people in the capitalist countries with the opportunity to defend the interests of workers and other exploited groups without interference by state authorities or employers' associations.
Owing to the efforts of the USSR and the other socialist countries, as well as of workers' organizations of all countries, freedom of association has been internationally recognized. It has been established in such UN documents as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and a number of conventions of the International Labor Organization, including the Freedom of Association Convention and the Right to Organize, and the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention. These documents declare that working people have the right to establish their own organizations without preliminary approval, to elect their own representatives freely, and to formulate programs of action and create federations and confederations.
In actuality, the freedom of association of working people is often limited and violated in the capitalist countries. At the same time, the bourgeoisie attempts to use existing laws on freedom of association to strengthen the influence of employers' associations, arguing that any guarantees won by workers' organizations should automatically apply to employers' associations as well. The demands of trade unions with respect to freedom of association were formulated in the Charter of the Rights of Trade Unions and Socioeconomic Demands of the Workers of the Capitalist Countries in the Current Phase, adopted at the Eighth World Congress of Trade Unions (October 1973).


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Tag: comedy festival
Interview with Filmmakers Ilana Gordon & Jaime Lyn Beatty (DESIGNATED RIDER)
DESIGNATED RIDER was the winner of BEST PERFORMANCES at the Comedy Festival in August 2020. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Ilana: Jaime Lyn and I met years ago when we both were doing comedy in Chicago. I immediately fell in love and started plotting ways to trick her into working with… Continue reading Interview with Filmmakers Ilana Gordon & Jaime Lyn Beatty (DESIGNATED RIDER)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Ilana Gordon & Jaime Lyn Beatty (DESIGNATED RIDER)
Interview with Filmmaker Jeffrey John Eyamie (S0, WHAT DO YOU THINK?)
S0, WHAT DO YOU THINK? played to rave reviews at the August 2020 COMEDY Film Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Jeffrey John Eyamie: I wrote this piece as a fun, slice-of-life kind of pop song … something short and sweet and universal. When it came time to direct it, the… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Jeffrey John Eyamie (S0, WHAT DO YOU THINK?)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Jeffrey John Eyamie (S0, WHAT DO YOU THINK?)
Interview with Filmmaker/Musician Wendy Lenhart (6 FEET CLOSER TO YOU)
6 FEET CLOSER TO YOU was the winner of BEST SOUND & MUSIC at the August 2020 Comedy Film Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Wendy Lenhart: Our bass player, Ryan, had the idea for the song and wrote it. Once he shared it with all of us, we knew we… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker/Musician Wendy Lenhart (6 FEET CLOSER TO YOU)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Filmmaker/Musician Wendy Lenhart (6 FEET CLOSER TO YOU)
Interview with Filmmaker Victor McGowan (POGONOPHOBIA)
POGONOPHOBIA was awarded BEST CINEMATOGRAPHY at the August 2020 COMEDY Film Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Victor McGowan: After meeting the writer at a funeral (of all places) I was immediately taken by his elevator pitch for his script; "A young man who is afraid of beards". That's all it… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Victor McGowan (POGONOPHOBIA)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Victor McGowan (POGONOPHOBIA)
Interview with Filmmaker Katrina Cebreiro (FEDERAL APPROVED PARENT)
FEDERAL APPROVED PARENT was awarded BEST FILM at the August 2020 COMEDY Film Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Katrina Cebreiro: The time that we live in motivated me to make the film. It's crazy times! Also the idea of who is really qualified to become a parent? It's kind of… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Katrina Cebreiro (FEDERAL APPROVED PARENT)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Katrina Cebreiro (FEDERAL APPROVED PARENT)
Interview with Filmmaker Patrick Stagg (THE BIG PICTURE)
THE BIG PICTURE played to rave reviews at the May 2020 Comedy Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Patrick Stagg: We wanted to make something funny that was short and to the point while trying to convey something I'm sure a lot of filmmakers can relate to. 2. From the idea… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Patrick Stagg (THE BIG PICTURE)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Patrick Stagg (THE BIG PICTURE)
Interview with Filmmaker Jonathan Levy (UNLEASHED)
UNLEASHED played to rave reviews at the WILDsound Comedy Festival in May 2020. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Jonathan Levy: This was my first, so part of it was just wanting to make a film. I'm surrounded by great actors many of whom are also friends and wanted to make something… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Jonathan Levy (UNLEASHED)
Categorized as feedback film festival, film director, filmmaking notes, short film, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, feedback film festival, Jonathan Levy (UNLEASHED)
Interview with Filmmaker Tim Owens (NO FILTER)
NO FILTER played to rave reviews at the May 2020 COMEDY Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Tim Owens: This was an exercise to me as a filmmaker, expand on a funny or interesting idea and see if we can make it into a complete idea. The motivation really came from… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Tim Owens (NO FILTER)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, film director, short film festival, toronto film festival, Uncategorized, wildsound film festival Tagged comedy festival, interview, Tim Owens (NO FILTER)
Interview with Filmmaker Anders Teig (RUBBISH ROBBERS)
RUBBISH ROBBERS was the winner of BEST FILM at the May 2020 Comedy Festival. Matthew Toffolo: What motivated you to make this film? Anders Teig: I wanted to give myself a challenge. Make a film that is fun, full of action and holds the audience attention. And to do it in just one location. 2.… Continue reading Interview with Filmmaker Anders Teig (RUBBISH ROBBERS)
Categorized as directing a film, feedback film festival, short film festival, Uncategorized Tagged Anders Teig (RUBBISH ROBBERS), comedy festival, film director, interview


The 2019 NASCAR Cup Series season is still young — just six events into the 36-race campaign with the finale at Homestead-Miami Speedway still more than 230 days away — but it's already time to start planning for next year.
NASCAR released the 2020 schedule on Tuesday, announcing a number of changes to the race calendar, which will start with The Clash at Daytona International Speedway on February 9 before the 62nd running of the Daytona 500 gets the regular season started a week later.
The biggest changes to the calendar include a new home for the championship weekend, a doubleheader at Pocono Raceway in June, Daytona hosting the regular-season finale and Darlington opening the playoffs.


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US Sen. Casey talks to families impacted by shutdown
by: Christine McLarty
Posted: Jan 23, 2019 / 01:18 PM EST / Updated: Jan 23, 2019 / 05:17 PM EST
Democratic U.S. Senator Bob Casey stopped by the Central Pennsylvania Food Bank on Wednesday to hear firsthand how the partial government shutdown is impacting families.
The food bank has been putting food on the tables of families who are struggling after a month of missed paychecks.
Casey said the government needs to be reopened before serious negotiations can take place.
"The first order of business is to open the government, and we can talk about border security for the days and weeks and months ahead," he said.
Republican U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey is placing blame for the shutdown squarely on Democrats. Toomey spoke with ABC27 News on Tuesday and said he supports President Trump's proposal for increased border security.
Toomey said he hopes seven Democrats will vote with Republicans this week to pass Trump's border plan, which would bring the shutdown to an end.
"My hope is that some of my Democratic colleagues decide this is a lot of what we always wanted," Toomey said. "We always supported border security in the past, including just last year".
Toomey put a lot of the blame on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, saying she refuses to negotiate.
More Harrisburg Stories
Harrisburg to hold meeting on 2-way conversion of North 2nd Street
by Janel Knight / Jul 18, 2019
HARRISBURG, Pa. (WHTM) -- City leaders will hold an interactive meeting on the future of North Second Street as plans are developed to convert it into a two-way street.
North Second Street between Forster and Division streets currently is a one-way, three-lane street.
by Alex Peterson / Jul 18, 2019
HARRISBURG, Pa. (WHTM) - A major break came Wednesday for Corey Walker, a 44-year-old man convicted in 1997 of first-degree murder in the shooting death of Tarajay Williams.
Senior Dauphin County Judge Lawrence Clark ruled in a 33-page opinion that the "cumulative effect" of suppressed evidence "commands" a new trial for Walker, who along with Lorenzo Johnson, was given a life sentence for Williams' death.


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Are Chloe Moretz And Dylan O'Brien Dating Seven Years After He Admitted To Crushing On Her?
What an interesting turn of events
Friday, August 10, 2018 - 10:04
It looks like Dylan O'Brien's dreams have finally come true after reports have surfaced that he and Chloe Moretz are dating seven years after he admitted to having a crush on her.
According to People, the pair were spotted hanging out at a restaurant in Los Angeles called The Nice Guy, with the couple reportedly arriving seperately and later meeting a bunch of friends in a local nightclub.
This is a pretty incredible turn of events, seeing as The Maze Runner actor first set his sights on the 21-year-old many years back. In an interview with Hollywire in 2011, he revealed his crush on Chloe after seeing her play Hit Girl in Kick-Ass.
"I wanna give a special shout out to Chloe Moretz because she is the most badass little chick that I've ever seen," he said. "What she did in Kick-Ass is amazing and I have a crush on her."
A year later he retracted his statement after delving into some important details about the star. Realising that she was actually fourteen in the movie, he said: "I recently Wikipedia-ed Chloë Moretz and I saw how old she was.
He continued: "So I would like to take it back and retract and say that I think Chloë is a very cute and talented girl. I don't have a crush on her."
While there's been no official confirmation of these two dating, the pair are both reportedly single rn. Chloe called time on her relationship with Brooklyn Beckham in April and Dylan hasn't been spotted with a girlfriend since earlier this year.
More From Chloe Moretz
Chloe Moretz Pictured Kissing Playboy Model Kate Harrison After Brooklyn Beckham Split
Chloe Moretz Reveals How She Filmed The Miseducation Of Cameron Post's Intimate Sex Scenes | MTV Movies
MTV Movies Screening Room: Superfly, American Animals & The Miseducation Of Cameron Post | MTV MOVIES
Chloe Moretz Reveals The Moment That Prompted Her To Consider A Boob Job Aged Sixteen
Chloe Moretz Just Threw Major Shade At Brooklyn Beckham's New Relationship
Did Chloe Moretz Shade Brooklyn Beckham With This Outfit Detail?
Chloe Moretz Confirms Brooklyn Beckham Split With This Drastic Action
Brooklyn Beckham Spotted Kissing Model Lexi Wood Following Chloe Moretz Split
Brooklyn Beckham And Chloe Moretz Celebrate Her 21st Birthday With Loved-Up Pictures
Chloe Moretz Opens Up About Her Break Up With Brooklyn Beckham
Chloe Moretz Has Been Granted A Restraining Order Against Alleged Stalker


with throats too parched to care.
We gag, hold cloth under noses.
books read, candles are light.
We edge towards the rains.
It happened like they said.
water coddled the hollow in my chest, hot.
It was raining in the Himalayas.
The sound distant. A roar travelling.
Gods' negatives on the hurl.
but noise is riding on echoes in our ears.
Fear arrives before the water.
I have no idea how it will be. But short.
frothed hissing on hot rocks slow motion fast.
retched boulders hurtle past to the plains below at sea level.
Sunita, 7, solders herself to me.
and children are springs on screams.
Over so soon, much destroyed, muscles shake.
with ownership of deep clear water.
Boulders took our electric wire and water pipe.
arrive with snakes and charms.
lush fades, peace layers valley.
The cold. Then heat will insinuate to a harsh scorch.
Planted, seasons move around me.
Author's Bio: Susan Adams, an Australian poet, has been published extensively in anthologies, online, and print literary journals both in Australia and internationally. She has been read numerously on ABC Radio National. Recent publications have included Eureka Street, Nth Position (UK), Great Works (UK), Eclecticism, Sugarmule (USA), Bacopa (USA), Hecate, Social Alternatives, Ascent Aspirations (Ca), Cordite, The Chaffey Review (USA). She is preparing her first collection.
This piece was written during her year in Dehra Dun, India .


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Competition Levels
2020 SPC Elite Invitational Schedule Released By ESPN Events
(Photo Courtesy of SPC Elite Invitational/ESPN)
By Maren Angus
The 2020 St. Pete/Clearwater Elite Invitational schedule was released Wednesday morning by ESPN Events and is presented by Wilson.
There will be 39 high-profile Division-I games played during the weekend of Feb. 13-16 at the Eddie C. Moore Complex in Clearwater, Fla.
Five of the 16 participating teams played in the 2019 Women's College World Series, including defending national champion UCLA, and 14 programs made the NCAA Tournament field.
Tickets for this event are sold out but you can be placed on the waitlist here. Single day passes will go on-sale in October.
Here are six games on the schedule that should have big crowds.
Alabama vs. Washington
Could there be a better game to end the first night of the weekend? We don't think so. Just picture Montana Fouts versus Gabbie Plain. After not playing one another last season, this could be a WCWS preview.
Minnesota vs. Oklahoma State
Happy Valentine's Day to softball fans everywhere. ESPN's gift is another potential WCWS matchup.
James Madison vs. Texas Tech
This is an intriguing game because both teams had a great 2019 season. The Dukes lost to UCLA in the Super Regional round and the Red Raiders lost to LSU in the if necessary game in Regionals. Texas Tech surpassed expectations last year and is looking to build on that.
Georgia vs. Northwestern
Does anyone remember how great this 2018 Regional Final was? We do! Northwestern is back and in a big way. Georgia will have to find out how to replace Alyssa DiCarlo but this definitely could be a fun game to watch.
Alabama vs. UCLA
Another gift to softball fans. We will just go ahead and thank the tournament directors right now.
Mizzou vs. Virginia Tech
This game will feature two of the best young players in the game. Virginia Tech's Darby Trull was named an SA All-American last season and Jazmyn Rollin was a finalist for Freshman Player of the Year.
Rachel Garcia Named LA Sportswoman Of The Year
Rachel Garcia was named the Los Angeles Sportswoman of the Year for 2019.
9:30 a.m. - Alabama vs. Liberty
10:00 a.m. - Oklahoma State vs. Virginia Tech
12:30 p.m. - South Carolina vs. Texas Tech
1:00 p.m. - Kansas vs. Missouri
3:30 p.m. - Oklahoma State vs. USF
4:00 p.m. - Alabama vs. Washington
10:00 a.m. - South Carolina vs. Virginia Tech
10:30 a.m. - Alabama vs. USF
11:30 a.m. - Minnesota vs. Oklahoma State
12:00 p.m. - Georgia vs. Kansas
1:00 p.m. - Florida State vs. Washington
2:30 p.m. - Liberty vs. Missouri
3:00 p.m. - Georgia vs. Northwestern
3:00 p.m. - James Madison vs. Texas Tech
4:00 p.m. - Alabama vs. UCLA
5:30 p.m. - Missouri vs. Oklahoma State
6:00 p.m. - Florida State vs. Minnesota
6:00 p.m. - Kansas vs. South Carolina
7:00 p.m. - Liberty vs. Washington
10:00 a.m. - Georgia vs. Texas Tech
10:30 a.m. - Alabama vs. Oklahoma State
10:30 a.m. - Kansas vs. Northwestern
11:30 a.m. - Liberty vs. UCLA
1:00 p.m. - Missouri vs. Virginia Tech
1:30 p.m. - James Madison vs. Kansas
2:00 p.m. - Florida State vs. Northwestern
2:00 p.m. - South Carolina vs. Washington
4:00 p.m. - Georgia vs. UCLA
5:00 p.m. - Minnesota vs. Virginia Tech
5:30 p.m. - Texas Tech vs. USF
6:00 p.m. - James Madison vs. Missouri
9:00 a.m. - Georgia vs. USF
9:30 a.m. - Minnesota vs. Missouri
10:00 a.m. - Texas Tech vs. Washington
12:00 p.m. - Florida State vs. Liberty
12:00 p.m. - Northwestern vs. Virginia Tech
12:30 p.m. - James Madison vs. South Carolina
3:30 p.m. - UCLA vs. USF
7:00 p.m. - Florida State vs. UCLA
*All Times Are EST
SEC Announces Preseason Coaches' Poll
The SEC released its preseason coaches' poll on Wednesday and tabbed defending champion Alabama as its top team.
Chicago Bandits Sign Taran Alvelo To One-Year Deal
The Chicago Bandits have signed pitcher Taran Alvelo to a one-year contract.
UCLA's Jenavee Peres Hopes To Inspire Other Moms This Season
After giving birth to her son in 2018, graduate transfer Jenavee Peres will play her final college softball season for UCLA in 2020.
Copyright © 2020 Baseball America Enterprises.
of Free Stories Remaining


I contest that it is not a very useful response for two reasons: one, almost anything worth doing is not easy and two, if a person has made up their mind on getting something done, then they would appreciate the "how's" of the task, rather than reminding themselves that the task at hand is "not easy." So, the next time someone comes to you with something innovative that you like to listen to, don't say "that's not easy" but rather point out one "how" to help them solve at least one puzzle in the myriad they might have.
If you can't do that but you feel it's a good cause/idea/effort/plan/prototype/invention/innovation, at least say "that's worth a try." If you think it's lame and not going to work, tell them so. Simple.


Dear Sasquatch: If we dream we die, do we actually die?
Dear Sasquatch: Is it true that if you die in your dreams, you will die for real? Like have a heart attack or something? —Pari S.
Numerology makes its way into modern mythology in so many ways that you almost don't even see it anymore until you start looking. Mathemagical claims are in everything from personality tests to weird coincidences to Ancient Chinese Gender Charts.


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Q: Ajax, enviar dados sem atualizar a página Bom, eu fiz uma integração Restful API, que busca todos os produtos de um e-commerce e manda o Json para outro site, e precisava que, ao clicar no botão "Enviar", a página não atualizasse.
O meu problema é o seguinte, não há dados para inserir em formulário, basicamente, utilizo o form apenas para colocar o botão de envio

<form action="" method="post" id="formenv">
<button style="width:60px" type="submit"     class="btn btn-primary" id="expevt" name="expevt">

        </button>

Somente sei utilizar o ajax para enviar os dados de um formulário, porém, esse botão, apenas chama o Post da integração,
    if(isset($_POST))
{
    if (isset($_POST['expevt']))
    {
        $post2 = new Posts();

        if(isset( $_POST['catwooid']) && $_POST['catwooid'] != '')
        {
            $post2->postOneCat($_POST['catwooid']);
        }else
        {
            $post2->postAllCat();
        }
        $post = new Posts();
        if(isset( $_POST['prodwoosku']) && $_POST['prodwoosku'] != '')
        {
            $post->postOneProd($_POST['prodwoosku']);
        }else
        {
            $post->postAllProd();
        }
    }
}

Teria como eu fazer o post sem dar refresh?

A: Você pode colocar um return false no seu form e o resto faz normal

$('#expevt').on('click', function(){
   alert('Aqui você vai fazer seu ajax enviar' )
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Justia Regulation Tracker Environmental Protection Agency Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Approval of State Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs, 4902-4903 [2014-01792]
Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Approval of State Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs, 4902-4903 [2014-01792]
Download as PDF mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES 4902 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 20 / Thursday, January 30, 2014 / Notices current waiver, or reapplying for a waiver, provides application, monitoring, and toxic control program information. The state provides information on its determination whether the proposed conditions of the waiver ensure the protection of water quality, biological habitats, and beneficial uses of receiving waters, and whether the discharge will result in additional treatment, pollution control, or any other requirement for any other point or nonpoint sources. The state also provides information to certify that the discharge will meet all applicable state laws and that the state accepts all permit conditions. EPA requires updated information on the discharge to: (1) Determine whether the section 301(h) criteria are still being met and whether the section 301(h) waiver should be reissued; (2) determine whether the water quality, biological habitats, and beneficial uses of the receiving waters are protected; and (3) ensure that the permittee is effectively minimizing industrial and nonindustrial toxic pollutant and pesticide discharges into the treatment works. EPA needs information from the state to: (1) Allow the state's views to be taken into account when EPA reviews the section 301(h) application and develops permit conditions; and (2) ensure that all state laws are met and that the state accepts all permit conditions. This information is the means by which the state can nonconcur with a section 301(h) approval decision made by the EPA Regional office. Regulations implementing CWA section 301(h) are found at 40 CFR part 125, subpart G. The information covered by this information collection request involves treatment plant operating data, effects of POTWs' discharges on marine environments, and states' viewpoints on issues concerning effects of POTWs' discharges on marine environments. Form Numbers: ''None.'' Respondents/affected entities: Entities potentially affected by this action are those municipalities that currently have section 301(h) waivers from secondary treatment, or have applied for a renewal of a section 301(h) waiver, and the states within which these municipalities are located. Respondent's obligation to respond: Required to obtain or retain a benefit. Estimated number of respondents: 37 (total). Frequency of response: From once every five years, to varies case-by-case, depending on the category of information. Total estimated burden: 59,370 hours (per year). Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b). VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:24 Jan 29, 2014 Jkt 232001 Total estimated cost: $1.3 million (per year), includes $0 annualized capital or operation & maintenance costs. Changes in the Estimates: There is a decrease in the total estimated respondent burden compared with the ICR currently approved by OMB, due to changes in the respondent universe, program status, information needs, and the use of technology. Richard T. Westlund, Acting Director, Collection Strategies Division. [FR Doc. 2014–01855 Filed 1–29–14; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560–50–P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA–HQ–OW–2006–0394; FRL 9905–75– OEI] Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Approval of State Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. AGENCY: The Environmental Protection Agency has submitted an information collection request (ICR), ''Approval of State Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs (CZARA Section 6217)'' to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). This is a proposed extension of the ICR, which is currently approved through January 31, 2014. Public comments were previously requested via the Federal Register (78 FR 69664) on November 20, 2013 during a 60-day comment period. This notice allows for an additional 30 days for public comments. A fuller description of the ICR is given below, including its estimated burden and cost to the public. An Agency may not conduct or sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. DATES: Additional comments may be submitted on or before March 3, 2014. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, referencing Docket ID Number EPA– HQ–OW–2006–0394, to (1) EPA online using www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), by email to OWDocket@epa.gov, or by mail to: EPA Docket Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460, and (2) OMB via SUMMARY: PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 email to oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. Address comments to OMB Desk Officer for EPA. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in the public docket without change including any personal information provided, unless the comment includes profanity, threats, information claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Don Waye, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, Office of Wetlands Oceans and Watersheds, Mail Code 4503–T, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (202) 566–1170; fax number: (202) 566–1333; email address: waye.don@epa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supporting documents which explain in detail the information that the EPA will be collecting are available in the public docket for this ICR. The docket can be viewed online at www.regulations.gov or in person at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC. The telephone number for the Docket Center is 202–566–1744. For additional information about EPA's public docket, visit http://www.epa.gov/ dockets. EPA ICR No.: 1569.08 OMB Control No.: 2040–0153 Abstract: Under the provisions of national Program Development and Approval Guidance implementing section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (CZARA) which was jointly developed and published by EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 29 coastal States and 5 coastal Territories with federally approved Coastal Zone Management Programs have developed and submitted to EPA and NOAA Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Programs. Another State (Illinois) is developing its program for submittal to EPA and NOAA in early 2014. EPA and NOAA have fully approved 17 States and 5 Territories, and conditionally approved 11 States. Another State that was conditionally approved (Alaska) ceased its participation in this program in 2011. States and Territories with conditional approvals are required to submit additional information in order to obtain final program approval. CZARA section 6217 requires States and Territories to obtain final approval of their Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Programs in order to retain their full E:\FR\FM\30JAN1.SGM 30JAN1 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 20 / Thursday, January 30, 2014 / Notices share of funding available to them under section 319 of the Clean Water Act and section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act. Form Numbers: None. Respondents/affected entities: Entities affected by this action are 11 coastal States with conditionally approved Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs and 1 coastal State that will submit its program for federal approval in 2014. Respondent's obligation to respond: Required to obtain or retain benefits. Estimated number of respondents: 12 States (total). Frequency of response: On occasion. Total estimated burden: 1,500 hours (per year). Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.03(b). Total estimated cost: $55,500 (per year), includes $0 annualized capital or operation & maintenance costs. Changes in the Estimates: There is a decrease of 125 hours in the total estimated respondent burden compared with the ICR currently approved by OMB. This decrease is the result of progress that States which are not yet unconditionally approved have made that have resulted in the reduction in the number of conditions imposed on them by EPA and NOAA, offset by the addition of a new State coastal nonpoint program (Illinois), as well as the sunsetting of one State program in 2011 (Alaska). Richard T. Westlund, Acting Director, Collection Strategies Division. [FR Doc. 2014–01792 Filed 1–29–14; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560–50–P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL–9906–08–OA] Request for Nominations to the National and Governmental Advisory Committees to the U.S. Representative to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. Notice of request for nominations. ACTION: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is inviting nominations from a diverse range of qualified candidates to be considered for appointment to fill vacancies on the National Advisory Committee (NAC) and the Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC) to the U.S. Representative to the Commission for mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES SUMMARY: VerDate Mar<15>2010 21:23 Jan 29, 2014 Jkt 232001 Environmental Cooperation (CEC). Vacancies on these two committees are expected to be selected by the spring of 2014. Additional sources may be utilized in the solicitation of nominees. DATES: Please submit nominations by February 28, 2014. ADDRESSES: Submit nominations to: Oscar Carrillo, Designated Federal Officer, Office of Federal Advisory Committee Management and Outreach, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1601–M), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. You may also email nominations with subject line Committee Resume 2014 to carrillo.oscar@epa.gov. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Oscar Carrillo, Designated Federal Officer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1601–M), Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 564–0347; fax (202) 564–8129; email carrillo.oscar@ epa.gov. The National Advisory Committee and the Governmental Advisory Committee advise the EPA Administrator in her capacity as the U.S. Representative to the CEC Council. The Committees are authorized under Articles 17 and 18 of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation Act, Public Law 103–182, and as directed by Executive Order 12915, entitled ''Federal Implementation of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation.'' The Committees are responsible for providing advice to the United States Representative on a wide range of strategic, scientific, technological, regulatory and economic issues related to implementation and further elaboration of the NAAEC. The National Advisory Committee consists of 15 representatives from environmental non-profit groups, business and industry, and educational institutions. The Governmental Advisory Committee consists of 14 representatives from state, local, and tribal governments. Members are appointed by the EPA Administrator for a two-year term. The committees usually meet 3 times per year and the average workload for committee members is approximately 10 to 15 hours per month. Members serve on the committees in a voluntary capacity. Although we are unable to provide compensation or an honorarium for your services, you may receive travel and per diem allowances, according to applicable federal travel regulations. EPA is seeking nominations from SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 4903 various sectors, i.e., for the NAC we are seeking nominees from academia and non-governmental organizations; for the GAC we are seeking nominees from state and local government sector. Nominees will be considered according to the mandates of FACA, which requires committees to maintain diversity across a broad range of constituencies, sectors, and groups. EPA values and welcomes diversity. In an effort obtain nominations of diverse candidates, EPA encourages nominations of women and men of all racial and ethnic groups. The following criteria will be used to evaluate nominees: • Professional knowledge of the subjects examined by the committees, including trade and environment issues, the NAFTA, the NAAEC, and the CEC. • Represent a sector or group involved in trilateral environmental policy issues. • Senior-level experience in the sectors represented on both committees. • A demonstrated ability to work in a consensus building process with a wide range of representatives from diverse constituencies. Nominations must include a resume and a short biography describing the professional and educational qualifications of the nominee, as well as the nominee's current business address, email address, and daytime telephone number. Interested candidates may selfnominate. Anyone interested in being considered for nomination is encouraged to submit their application materials by February 28, 2014. To help the Agency in evaluating the effectiveness of its outreach efforts, please tell us how you learned of this opportunity. Please be aware that EPA's policy is that, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, members generally are appointed for two-year terms. Dated: January 16, 2014. Oscar Carrillo, Designated Federal Officer. [FR Doc. 2014–01901 Filed 1–29–14; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560–50–P EXPORT-IMPORT BANK [Public Notice 2014–6001] Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request Export-Import Bank of the United States. ACTION: Submission for OMB review and comments request. AGENCY: E:\FR\FM\30JAN1.SGM 30JAN1
[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 20 (Thursday, January 30, 2014)]
[Notices]
[Pages 4902-4903]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-01792]
[EPA-HQ-OW-2006-0394; FRL 9905-75-OEI]
Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and
Approval; Comment Request; Approval of State Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
Control Programs
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice.
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency has submitted an
information collection request (ICR), ``Approval of State Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs (CZARA Section 6217)'' to the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval in
accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
This is a proposed extension of the ICR, which is currently approved
through January 31, 2014. Public comments were previously requested via
the Federal Register (78 FR 69664) on November 20, 2013 during a 60-day
comment period. This notice allows for an additional 30 days for public
comments. A fuller description of the ICR is given below, including its
estimated burden and cost to the public. An Agency may not conduct or
sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
DATES: Additional comments may be submitted on or before March 3, 2014.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, referencing Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-
OW-2006-0394, to (1) EPA online using www.regulations.gov (our
preferred method), by email to OW-Docket@epa.gov, or by mail to: EPA
Docket Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 28221T, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460, and (2) OMB via email to
oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. Address comments to OMB Desk Officer for
EPA.
EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in the
public docket without change including any personal information
provided, unless the comment includes profanity, threats, information
claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Don Waye, Assessment and Watershed
Protection Division, Office of Wetlands Oceans and Watersheds, Mail
Code 4503-T, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave.
NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (202) 566-1170; fax
number: (202) 566-1333; email address: waye.don@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supporting documents which explain in detail
the information that the EPA will be collecting are available in the
public docket for this ICR. The docket can be viewed online at
www.regulations.gov or in person at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West,
Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC. The telephone
number for the Docket Center is 202-566-1744. For additional
information about EPA's public docket, visit http://www.epa.gov/dockets.
EPA ICR No.: 1569.08
OMB Control No.: 2040-0153
Abstract: Under the provisions of national Program Development and
Approval Guidance implementing section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (CZARA) which was jointly developed
and published by EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), 29 coastal States and 5 coastal Territories with
federally approved Coastal Zone Management Programs have developed and
submitted to EPA and NOAA Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Programs. Another
State (Illinois) is developing its program for submittal to EPA and
NOAA in early 2014. EPA and NOAA have fully approved 17 States and 5
Territories, and conditionally approved 11 States. Another State that
was conditionally approved (Alaska) ceased its participation in this
program in 2011. States and Territories with conditional approvals are
required to submit additional information in order to obtain final
program approval. CZARA section 6217 requires States and Territories to
obtain final approval of their Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Programs in
order to retain their full
[[Page 4903]]
share of funding available to them under section 319 of the Clean Water
Act and section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act.
Form Numbers: None.
Respondents/affected entities: Entities affected by this action are
11 coastal States with conditionally approved Coastal Nonpoint
Pollution Control Programs and 1 coastal State that will submit its
program for federal approval in 2014.
Respondent's obligation to respond: Required to obtain or retain
Estimated number of respondents: 12 States (total).
Frequency of response: On occasion.
Total estimated burden: 1,500 hours (per year). Burden is defined
at 5 CFR 1320.03(b).
Total estimated cost: $55,500 (per year), includes $0 annualized
capital or operation & maintenance costs.
Changes in the Estimates: There is a decrease of 125 hours in the
total estimated respondent burden compared with the ICR currently
approved by OMB. This decrease is the result of progress that States
which are not yet unconditionally approved have made that have resulted
in the reduction in the number of conditions imposed on them by EPA and
NOAA, offset by the addition of a new State coastal nonpoint program
(Illinois), as well as the sunsetting of one State program in 2011
(Alaska).
Richard T. Westlund,
Acting Director, Collection Strategies Division.
[FR Doc. 2014-01792 Filed 1-29-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P