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Mueller report shows probe did not find collusion evidence, reveals Trump efforts to sideline key players - Brooke Singman
by Brooke Singman
But the Dems are not giving up so easily...
Department of Justice releases redacted version of the Mueller report
The Justice Department posts online a redacted version of special counsel Robert Mueller's report on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election online; chief intelligence correspondent Catherine Herridge reports.
After two years of suspense, Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report was released into Washington's partisan scrum Thursday showing investigators did not find evidence of collusion between the 2016 Trump campaign and Russia – as Attorney General Bill Barr declared last month – but revealing an array of controversial actions by the president that were examined as part of the investigation's obstruction inquiry.
This included President Trump allegedly telling his White House counsel in June 2017 to inform the acting attorney general that Mueller had conflicts of interest and "must be removed." The report said Trump also fumed over the original appointment -- lamenting it would mean the "end of my presidency" -- first telling then-DOJ leader Jeff Sessions he should resign, and later trying to get Session to take back control of the probe.
Mueller ultimately did not reach a conclusion on whether the president's conduct amounted to obstruction, stating: "[W]hile this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him."
But even though Barr's DOJ determined they did not have evidence to pursue such a case, the details in the report only fueled Democrats' mounting calls to not only see the unredacted report but have Mueller testify.
"This is exactly why we need to hear directly from Special Counsel Mueller and receive the full, unredacted report with the underlying evidence," House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler tweeted, highlighting that section.
Trump and his legal team, though, declared victory upon the release of the report.
"No collusion, no obstruction," Trump said.
The swift reactions indicated the release of the report is only likely to fuel, not quiet, the long-raging debate in Washington over the Russia probe and serve as fodder going into the 2020 election year.
As stated in Barr's summary last month and reiterated again at a press conference earlier Thursday morning, though, the special counsel did not find clear evidence of collusion between members of the Trump campaign and Russia.
"[T]he investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities," the report said, while also saying there were "links" between the two.
"While the investigation identified numerous links between individuals with ties to the Russian government and individuals associated with the Trump Campaign, the evidence was not sufficient to support criminal charges. Among other things, the evidence was not sufficient to charge any Campaign official as an unregistered agent of the Russian government or other Russian principal," the special counsel report stated.
The version of the more than 400-page report that the Justice Department made public Thursday includes redactions, consistent with Barr's plan to black out portions of the document—including grand jury material, information the intelligence community believes would reveal intelligence sources and methods, any material that could interfere with ongoing prosecutions and information that could implicate the privacy or reputational interests of "peripheral players."
The redactions in the report were color-coded, labeled with the reasoning behind each redaction, with categories including "grand jury material," "personal privacy," "investigative technique;" and "harm to ongoing matter."
The report, meanwhile, went in depth on the obstruction of justice question, despite the lack of a decision on that front. In Barr's summary to Congress last month, he said he and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein found the evidence was "not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense."
The report itself noted that they obtained evidence about the president's "actions and intent," and that presented "difficult issues that would need to be resolved" if they were making a traditional judgment.
The report looked at 10 episodes related to the allegations of obstruction of justice, including:
"The campaign's response to reports about Russian support for Trump; Conduct involving FBI Director Comey and Michael Flynn; The President's reaction to the continuing Russia investigation; The President's termination of Comey; The appointment of a Special Counsel and efforts to remove him; Efforts to Curtail the Special Counsel's investigation; Efforts to prevent public disclosure of evidence; Further efforts to have the Attorney General take control of the investigation; and Conduct toward Flynn, Manafort, [REDACTED]; conduct involving Michael Cohen."
The report revealed that the president reacted to the news a special counsel had been appointed by telling his advisers that it was "the end of my presidency. I'm f---ed," and demanding that Sessions resign. Once Sessions submitted his resignation, the president did not accept it.
The report also detailed Trump's alleged effort to have Mueller sidelined, amid reports at the time that the special counsel's office was investigating the president for obstruction of justice. The report detailed a dramatic moment where the president's White House counsel apparently rejected the push.
"On June 17, 2017, the president called [White House Counsel Don] McGahn at home and directed him to call the Acting Attorney General and say that the Special Counsel had conflicts of interest and must be removed. McGahn did not carry out the direction, however, deciding that he would resign rather than trigger what he regarded as a potential Saturday Night Massacre," the report stated, referencing the Watergate scandal.
The report also revealed that when the media reported of the president's request for McGahn to have Mueller removed, the president directed White House officials "to tell McGahn to dispute the story and create a record stating he had not been ordered to have the special counsel removed."
"McGahn refused to back away from what he remembered happening," the report said.
The report went on to explain that two days after the initial request to McGahn, the president made another attempt to "affect the course of the Russia investigation."
"On June 19, 2017, the president met one-on-one in the Oval Office with his former campaign manager Corey Lewandowski, a trusted advisor outside the government, and dictated a message for Lewandowski to deliver to Sessions," the report said.
"The message said that Sessions should publicly announce that, notwithstanding his recusal from the Russia investigation, the investigation was 'very unfair' to the president, the president had done nothing wrong, and Sessions planned to meet with the Special Counsel and 'let [him] move forward with investigating election meddling for future elections.'"
Lewandowski, according to the report, said he understood what the president wanted Sessions to do.
"Lewandowski did not want to deliver the president's message personally," the report said, "so he asked senior White House official Rick Dearborn to deliver it to Sessions."
Dearborn ultimately did not follow through with the task.
The report also said "substantial evidence indicates that the catalyst" for the decision to fire FBI Director James Comey was his "unwillingness to publicly state that the president was not personally under investigation." But the report said the evidence "does not establish that the termination of Comey was designed to cover up a conspiracy between the Trump Campaign and Russia."
The report stated that while the areas the special counsel investigated "involved discrete acts, the overall pattern of the President's conduct towards the investigations" shed light on the "nature" of his acts. The special counsel determined that the actions investigated are divided into "two phases," which they said reflected "a possible shift in the President's motives."
The first phase was related to the firing of Comey. "During that time, the President had been repeatedly told he was not personally under investigation. Soon after the firing of Comey and the appointment of the Special Counsel, however, the President became aware that his own conduct was being investigated in an obstruction-of-justice inquiry," the report said, adding that "at that point, the president engaged in a second phase of conduct, involving public attacks on the investigation, non-public efforts to control it, and efforts in both public and private to encourage witnesses not to cooperate with the investigation."
The evidence detailed in the report related to allegations of obstruction of justice, though, is likely to come under intense scrutiny from congressional Democrats and could be used in their sweeping Trump-related investigations.
The president's legal team, in anticipation of obstruction of justice claims in the report, has prepared their own report to counter the allegations.
"They assumed all along that there was going to be a finding of no collusion, so the rebuttal is about obstruction," a source close to Trump's legal team told Fox News. "They are preparing a rebuttal to presumed allegations which will be refuted."
The special counsel wrote that they sought a voluntary interview with the president, but after more than a year of discussing the prospect of one, the president declined. The president did, though, agree to answer written questions on certain Russia-related topics. But according to the report, he "did not similarly agree to provide written answers to questions on obstruction topics or questions on events during the transition."
Mueller's team also said that, while they believed they had the "authority and legal justification" to do so, they decided not to issue a grand jury subpoena to obtain the president's testimony.
Fox News' Adam Shaw, Jake Gibson, Catherine Herridge, and Bill Mears contributed to this report.
Brooke Singman
Source: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/justice-department-releases-redacted-version-of-special-counsels-russia-probe-report
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Springfield, VT – 80-year-old Guy Lariviere Sr. died in a logging accident.
Passing snowmobile riders spotted an overturned logging skidder Friday night on Brook Road. They found a person pinned underneath and called for help.
Police believe Lariviere was possibly thrown from the machinery when it over-turned and it pinned him in a stream.
They are still working to determine what caused the skidder to over-turn.


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The Road to Bitcoin Hegemony
To kill the King
According to legend, the Greek goddess Hera tried to kill the baby Hercules by sending serpents into his cradle. But she was too late: the infant was already too strong, and simply strangled the snakes.
There's a lesson here for all those who want to place limitations on the behemoth that Bitcoin has become: the time has already passed when governments could hope to control its ascent.
There are many people who wish that Bitcoin had never been invented. It exists in its own ecosystem, outside the realm of regulators unaccustomed to a currency beyond their control. It shows up fiat money as an inflationary theft perpetrated on long-suffering citizens. So it's only natural that governments around the world are rushing to place new laws and limitations on Bitcoin, such as the renewed efforts in the US last week.
On Friday, the Chair of the powerful House Financial Services Committee, Maxine Waters, wrote a long wishlist to the incoming Biden administration. Among the demands was that the
President-elect "rescind or monitor" all of the cryptocurrency-related guidance issued by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), including those allowing banks to hold customers' crypto assets. In a separate but related development, Democrats are proposing an ill-considered bill to regulate "stablecoins" and outlaw any crypto that has not secured government approval.
So should hodlers be alarmed at these attempts to control Bitcoin? No. We should be wary and watchful, of course, but not worried. Because if you look just below the surface, you'll see that no one, whichever side of the aisle they sit, believes that they can stop the Bitcoin juggernaut.
Take, for example, the comments from Brian Brooks, acting Comptroller of the Currency, who took a more emollient tone in conversation with CNBC's Squawk Box.
"We're very focused on getting [Bitcoin regulation] right, we're very focused on not killing this," said Brooks. "It's equally important that we develop the networks behind bitcoin and other cryptos as it is that we prevent money laundering and terrorism financing. So believe me, there's a balance here and it's going to work for everybody."
Although there is much concern in the industry about what the OCC's new regulation will entail, the most interesting thing about Brooks' and Waters' comments is that they both reveal how the US government really feels about Bitcoin. Yes, they want to control, regulate, and co-opt it. Like the scorpion in the fable, it's in their nature: Regulators gonna regulate. But they no longer seek to ban Bitcoin, because they realise that the Overton Window has shifted dramatically and irrevocably.
Sure, the regulatory scorpions still have a sting in the tail. In attempting to establish a clear line separating "good" and "bad" uses of cryptocurrency, they will almost certainly seek to strip away the anonymity (or, more accurately, pseudonymity) that forms one of the pillars of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
This may have some temporary regional success but they will run the risk of losing out to more forward-thinking nations in the race to benefit from this revolutionary technology. More importantly, Bitcoin's central pillar, the one that continues to draw in investors from all walks of life, will always be the elimination of inflation that comes from having a fixed supply and this is already beyond regulatory reproach.
Given that the Bitcoin fire has reached such ferocity that it's now self-sustaining, the only question left for regulators around the world to answer is how fast do governments want Bitcoin's hegemony to be reached? Lightly blow on it with balanced regulation and see it spread in a controlled manner? Or fan the orange flames with onerous regulation that only will highlight the advantages of free markets and monetary self-sovereignty, while making Bitcoin's greatest asset – its scarcity – even more valuable?
As Ralph Waldo Emerson, the great American philosopher wrote: When you strike at a king, you must kill him. So let US regulators and representatives do their thing: if we continue to stay focused on our goals, they will lack the appetite and the ability to best Bitcoin.
Let's not be too harsh on the regulators. We're never going to get their explicit approval about Bitcoin's brilliance, so we shouldn't blame them for being circumspect in their admission that Bitcoin can't be killed. But if it's eloquence you're after, just follow the money.
And no one's got more of that than BlackRock. When a $7.4 trillion asset management firm talks about Bitcoin, the world listens. Only a few weeks ago, I wrote about a positive endorsement from the company's Chief Investment Officer. Well, he must have coughed, because the Bitcoin bug appears to have spread to the CEO.
On Wednesday Larry Fink stated that Bitcoin has "caught the imagination of many" and could evolve into a global market. And, in remarks that should spook the Federal Reserve, he even wondered whether Bitcoin's existence might challenge the US dollar as a world reserve currency.
Don't be fooled by the "could", "might" and "may". Financial giants like BlackRock have to couch their utterances in a cloak of conservatism. If you had told me in January that the year would end with one of the Big Three index firms suggesting Bitcoin could replace the dollar, I'd have thought you were unrealistically optimistic.
The fact that this welcome news is merely surprising (rather than astonishing) shows the breathtaking pace of Bitcoin's journey to hegemony.
Obi Nwosu
Obi Nwosu is one of Britain's longest-standing Bitcoin experts. As CEO and co-founder of Coinfloor, the UK's oldest Bitcoin exchange, he has over 20 years' experience building online marketplaces and bringing virtual currencies to tens of millions of people.
Obi Nwosu is one of Britain's longest-standing Bitcoin experts. As CEO and co-founder of Coinfloor, the UK's oldest Bitcoin exchange, he has over 20 years' experience building online marketplaces and bringing virtual currencies to tens of millions of people.
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Home › News and Events › News › First Review of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016
First Review of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016
The Insolvency Service has just published the First Review of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 following a consultation ( the Review ).
One of the important areas noted for possible reform concerns the judgment in Manolete Partners plc v Hayward and Barrett Holdings Ltd & Ors [2021] EWHC 1481.
In that case Hugo Groves successfully acted for the directors who were facing claims assigned by a liquidator to Manolete . Those claims included pure "office holder" claims under IA 1986 and other claims; the other claims included a s.212 Misfeasance application (albeit Manolete was not an office holder) , and "ordinary" claims (including a s.423 IA claim).
Chief ICC Judge Briggs (relying on long standing authority ) agreed with Hugo's submissions that the Insolvency Application should only continue if the appropriate claim fee (£10,000) was paid. The judgment of Chief ICC Judge Briggs is detailed and made a number of substantive and powerful points concerning the substance and history of s.212 IA applications , s.423 IA claims and the position of assignees .
The Review notes the need to issue different sets of proceedings was not actually caused the introduction of the new Insolvency Rules in 2016 (IR 2016) but it has agreed to consider the issue of possible reform to IR 2016.
In practice there is little difficulty in issuing claim proceedings (paying the correct fee) and immediately transferring them into the ICC where they arise out of the same facts. Whether it is appropriate to allow an assignee (as opposed to an ordinary litigant) to run a liquidator's s.212 Application, or a s.423 claim (which is not an insolvency proceeding) is another matter that raises substantive questions . There are clearly deep waters here but they may be difficult to navigate by reviewing IR 2016 alone.
Manolete Partners Plc v Hayward and Barrett Holdings Ltd [2021] EWHC 1481 Download


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Earthwatch at 50: Rima Chai's story
Rima Chai, AKA 'Tyre Lady', started dragging her signature tyre as part of a gruelling training regime for a polar expedition in 2006. When what began as a practical strength builder became a magnet for attention and questions, she decided to use her newfound platform to talk about environmental issues and campaign for change.
"In my first marathon, a Korean reporter thought I was only going to pull a tyre for one mile! When I told him I was doing it for the whole marathon the response was "You….a girl…. The whole marathon……. IMPOSSIBLE! IMPOSSIBLE!"
But Rima's been proving detractors wrong ever since, notching up marathon after marathon as she heads for her target of 100 marathons or ultramarathons by 2022.
Rima has also used her platform to campaign for marathons to become more sustainable, and to reduce and take responsibility for their waste. "In 2018, I persuaded the Cheltenham Challenge to go zero waste," says Rima.
As well as her running, Rima is engaged with Earthwatch's Naturehood programme, is active in developing an eco-church in her local community and is leading a safer cycling and walking plan for her borough.


While Westminster is no closer to a decision on the UK's future relationship with the EU, FTA, the organisation which speaks and stands up for the logistics sector is urging politicians to reach a decision which supports the nation's businesses or risk putting the UK's trading platform and economy in jeopardy.
"A No Deal Brexit would be highly damaging for trade, for business and for Britain," says James Hookham, Deputy CEO at FTA. "With no clear solution for what happens next, the risk of a No Deal has risen significantly – and the problems which this would cause of businesses, which now have virtually no time to prepare, would be catastrophic for the UK's supply chain, on which we all rely.
"As a sector, logistics has been asking government for clarification on key trading areas for the past two years without success. Issues such as how customs declarations are to be made and tariffs collected, the access rights for trailers and UK personnel, and how access is to be granted for vehicles may seem incidental to some, but actually have a huge impact on the way that goods and services are able to flow freely between the UK and its biggest trading partner. Logistics must not and will not be held up as the "whipping boy" for politicians who have failed to take into account the complexity of the supply chain over the past two years. Operators of all sizes are always prepared to go the extra mile to deliver for customers, but without knowing the parameters of the market in which they are and will be working, planning has been almost impossible.


text: 76 | nzdairy DAIRY PEOPLE » Wayne Langford Farmers helping communities in need Richard Loader In the eighteen months that the Meat The Need Charitable Trust has been operating, six hundred thousand meals of export quality mincemeat have been distributed to foodbanks throughout the country. The charity's General Manager and Co-Founder is Takaka dairy farmer Wayne Langford who developed the concept of the Charity with West Coast sharemilker Siobhan O'Malley. "It was a passion project really," says Wayne. "It just made so much sense. It was at scale, it was something we both felt we could do, and it was going to have a pretty big impact on our New Zealand communities." Wayne says the charity is really about connecting dots between the farmer/growers, the foodbanks and everyone in between, piggybacking off existing infrastructure. "We process about 26 million animals every year in New Zealand and we need about 5000 of those to put a mince pack in every food parcel in New Zealand — that's about .0002%. So if we went to a meat company and asked if we could use .0002 of their time, packaging, freight and logistics to achieve those meat packs – wouldn't that be a cool story." Silver Fern Farms heard Wayne talking about the possibility of the charity and expressed real interest in their involvement 12 months prior to the Trust's official launch during the first Covid lockdown in 2020. "Silver Fern Farms saw that it could really make a huge difference by just connecting a few dots and we are delighted to have them onboard. We got an overwhelming response from farmers, particularly from the South Island. Many parts of the North Island had gone through a serious drought and a lot of their surplus animals had already gone. Initially the farmers wanted us to focus on the regional areas and that's what we did. The good thing about that is the local towns don't take a massive amount to support. Then we can support our urban cousins. In total we supply about eighty-five food bank destinations, including thirty-five in the North Island. We launched into the North Island in October this year, having previously supplied one-off large deliveries to the foodbanks." Wayne says the key to the charity's success is keeping the process as simple as possible. When a farmer sends cattle, sheep or deer to Silver Fern Farms they indicate they want a certain number to go towards the Meat the Need Charitable Trust. A nominal value is taken off the farmer's kill sheet and paid to the charity. That money is then used to pay for beef mince from Silver Fern farms once it's all processed and packaged up. If a farmer supplies a different processor, they can supply a virtual animal on our website at a nominal value, which the farmer then pays to the Charity to be used in their food fund." The mince is all processed, stored and shipped from Silver Fern's Takapau plant in the Hawke's Bay. "It's one thing to have a bright idea like this but to actually see it being followed through and people going with it is very cool." Takaka dairy farmer and Meat The Need Charitable Trust General Manager and Co-Founder Wayne Langford (above). A Meat the Need mince pack (below). •Residential •Commercial •Solar •Agriculture •Irrigation control •Communications •Freeview TV •Appliance repairs Office: 03 525 8150 After Hours: 027 681 0040 Email: goldenbay@laserelectrical.co.nz Freephone: 0800 400 365 · Small foot print · No storage ponds · Fully automated · Low running costs · 0.25mm application/24 hrs · Low man hours to maintain · 60% fresh water savings · Fully patented system


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Travel /
Alaska Airlines Unveils Gender-Neutral Uniforms And Pronoun Pins
The airline was accused of violating Title IX with its previous uniform and grooming requirements
Alaska Airlines announced major changes to its uniform policy, including a number of steps designed to accommodate an employee's gender identity or preference.
The company said the more flexible kits and rules were made in an effort "to ensure everyone can bring their best and most authentic selves to work and to be an inclusive and welcoming environment for employees and guests alike."
The airline said the changes, which include relaxing rules regarding nail polish, tattoos, and piercings, were made in partnership with its employees to "provide more freedom and flexibility in individual and gender expression."
Flight attendants, customer service agents, and uniformed lounge employees will have the option to wear gender-neutral uniform pieces designed by Luly Yang, a Seattle-based designer.
Additionally, staff members can wear enamel pronoun pins that reflect their gender identity. Options include "he/him," "they/them," or "she/her"
"I know firsthand what it feels like not to be seen, heard or able to bring your authentic self to work," said James Thomas, Alaska Airline's director of diversity, equity and inclusion, in a March 28 statement. "Our employees, guests and communities we serve have my commitment we are going to keep listening and pushing ourselves to be better."
Flight attendant and drag star Thomas noted in the company's announcement that he "[looks] forward to the company's support if faced with adversity among peers or guests who may find it difficult to see them wearing nail polish."
The airline's new policy regarding uniforms was developed after the company was accused of violating Title IX of the 1963 Civil Rights Act with its previous uniform policy.
The American Civil Liberty Union sent a letter to the Seattle-based company saying its "male" and "female" uniforms and grooming standards constituted sex-based discrimination.
The organization was representing Justin Wetherall, a fight-attendant and instructor who identifies as non-binary.
"Although the uniform policy allows transgender men and transgender women to adhere to the uniform standards that match their gender identity, Alaska Airlines requires all employees to conform to either the 'male' or 'female' category," the letter said.
"Alaska Airlines is free to adopt dress and grooming standards that present a consistent image for customers in terms of colors and style as long as the standards are not based on characteristics protected by state and federal civil rights laws," Galen Sherwin, a senior staff attorney for the ACLU's LGBTQ & HIV Project, said in a statement. "But Washington state law prohibits companies from treating employees differently based on their sex, gender-related 'appearance, behavior, or expression,' including as part of its uniform. By creating different clothing standards based on sex and gender stereotypes, Alaska Airlines violates the law."
The airline responded by noting its long-time support for the LGBTQ community and saying it has been a "leader in the industry when it comes to inclusivity in our uniform and grooming standards, which have been informed by our employees and developed in accordance with federal and state laws."
"We are committed to continuing to explore uniform and grooming standards for our flight attendants," Alaska Airlines said.
Following the announcement, some media figures voiced their concern about the inevitable new problems created by the policy.
"What happens if a customer won't abide by the new rules for gender expression?" asked Jason Rantz, who hosts a radio show on 770KTTH. "If a customer doesn't use the pronoun 'they' when acknowledging a biologically male or female flight attendant, could that result in removal from a plane or would it need to escalate to a disruption?"
Pinterest Announces It Will Ban Climate Change Misinformation
04.6.22 | Hannah Claire Brimelow


St. John's provided a vital service to the people of Mansfield again this year. On Christmas Night, over 74 bowls were served between 5 and 7 in St. John's Parish Hall. The people of St. John's were on hand and provided financial support to bring this ministry to life.


Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, Section 47 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 20 April 2019. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
47In section 77 (postponement of issue of warrant), in subsection (1) for "warrant of distress" substitute " warrant of control ".


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Q: Incorporating sample-level covariates into eDNAoccupancy occModel I'm using the R package eDNAoccupancy to develop a Bayesian Hierarchical Model with three levels but I'm struggling to find examples using both site-level and sample-level covariates (only references that it is possible).
I have formatted the data how I think it should be, but I keep getting errors.
Any help or direction will be greatly appreciated!
My detection matrix is as follows:
> head(hbDetections$y)
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15]
S1    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0     0     0     0     0     0     0
S2    1    0    1    0    0    0    0    0    0     0     0     0     0     0     0
S3    0    0    0    0    0    0    1    0    0     0     2     0     1     0     1
   [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21] [,22] [,23] [,24] [,25] [,26] [,27] [,28]
S1     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0     0
S2     0     0     0     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
S3     0     0     0     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
   [,29] [,30] [,31] [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36] [,37] [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41]
S1     1     0     0     2     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
S2     0     0     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
S3     0     1     1     0     0     1     0     0     1     0     0     0    NA
   [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46]
S1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
S2     0     0     1     0     0
S3    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA

> head(hbDetections$K)
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15]
S1    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S2    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S3    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5     5     5     5     5     5     5
   [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21] [,22] [,23] [,24] [,25] [,26] [,27] [,28]
S1     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S2     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S3     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5
   [,29] [,30] [,31] [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36] [,37] [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41]
S1     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S2     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5
S3     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     5     0
   [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46]
S1     0     0     0     0     0
S2     5     5     5     5     5
S3     0     0     0     0     0

My covariates are as follows:
Note: Size, SI and Light site-level covariates, and NDVI and TRI sample-level covariates
> head(siteAndSampleData)
  Site Sample   Size   SI Light    NDVI      TRI
1   S1      1 313.28 1.76   881 6398.00 188.3559
2   S1      2 313.28 1.76   881 5881.00 191.6983
3   S1      3 313.28 1.76   881 7253.25 390.0000
4   S1      4 313.28 1.76   881 6565.50 299.3047
5   S1      5 313.28 1.76   881 6332.25 287.0660
6   S1      6 313.28 1.76   881 6641.75 250.7060

I then run the occModel with eDNAoccupancy as follows:
set.seed(0157)
fit = occModel(formulaSite = ~ 1,
               formulaSiteAndSample = ~ NDVI,
               formulaReplicate = ~ 1,
               detectionMats = hbDetections,
               siteData = NULL,
               siteAndSampleData = siteAndSampleData.sc,
               niter = 6000,
               niterInterval = 2000,
               siteColName = "Site",
               sampleColName = "Sample"
               )

I get the following warning message:
> warnings()
Warning messages:
1: glm.fit: fitted probabilities numerically 0 or 1 occurred

Stubbornly soldiering on, I try and fit the posterior summaries
> posteriorSummary(fit, burnin = 1000, mcError = TRUE, outputSummary=TRUE)

Bayesian estimates of model parameters
                    Mean    50%   2.5%  97.5%
beta..Intercept.   1.042  1.015 -0.243  2.513
alpha..Intercept.  0.591  0.501 -0.614  2.230
alpha.NDVI        -0.347 -0.338 -1.457  0.898
delta..Intercept. -1.618 -1.647 -1.942 -1.156

Monte Carlo SE of Bayesian estimates
                    Mean    50%   2.5%  97.5%
beta..Intercept.  0.0100 0.0119 0.0216 0.0277
alpha..Intercept. 0.0687 0.0859 0.0313 0.1224
alpha.NDVI        0.0406 0.0337 0.0689 0.1268
delta..Intercept. 0.0151 0.0163 0.0089 0.0222
NULL

> psi = posteriorSummaryOfSiteOccupancy(fit, burnin = 1000)

> theta = posteriorSummaryOfSampleOccupancy(fit, burnin = 1000)

Finally getting an error message:
Error in quantile.default(input, prob = q, type = 1, names = FALSE) :
  missing values and NaN's not allowed if 'na.rm' is FALSE

Again, I am grateful for any suggestions to how my dataframes and/or models should be formatted using eDNAoccupancy so as to incorporate both site-level and sample-level covariates.
Thank you!

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Home » Delegating Authority to Machines
H&HN Daily
Delegating Authority to Machines
Acceleration renders innovation unmanageable to the human brain, but not to artificial intelligence. Fairly soon, hospitals must and will devolve more and more authority, including even clinical authority, to machines, and should be prepared for s...
Within a few weeks, "about 2,800 cars, trucks and buses will start talking to each other on the streets of Ann Arbor, Mich.," as Tom Krisher writes for the Associated Press. The vehicles are warning their drivers of dangers, which could lead to the devices being installed in every car. According to Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, Krisher writes, "80 percent of crashes in which the drivers aren't impaired by drugs or alcohol could be prevented — or the severity reduced — if cars could talk to each other."
Another recent example of artificial intelligence: The delivery vans of a U.K. online grocery store contain chips that wirelessly send air temperature readings to a central computer. This amounts to "a stream of consciousness" among machines, writes Kevin O'Brien in The New York Times. The result has been fewer groceries spoiled in transit.
Other examples abound. Japan is considering a bigger system of seismic sensors to detect earthquakes. Wireless sensors monitor temperature and humidity in cheese production in Italy. Telekom Austria wirelessly connects more than 500,000 machines in eight countries, providing traffic and weather updates for navigation systems, linking Otis elevators in Slovenia to emergency breakdown centers, and connecting 900 bank ATMs in Belarus. And in Germany, robots install solar panels in large installations.
The list goes on and on, and these examples probably come as no surprise to you.
Growth of Machine Talk
Citing industry sources, O'Brien notes that the number of devices communicating with each other over the world's wireless networks reached 108 million in 2011. The number will at least triple by 2017, and could reach as many as 50 billion by 2020. Only about 20 percent of them will have a human somewhere in the loop, perhaps on cell phones and tablet computers.
A third of today's machine-machine communication traffic, he reports, consists of automated electric and gas meter readings. Another third is for car and truck fleet management and emergency accident, repair and location services such as OnStar, now installed on a quarter of new GM vehicles. In 2015, Europe will require all new cars to have wireless transmitters that automatically report accident location and other data, such as airbag deployment, to emergency responders.
But O'Brien's numbers count only physical devices — chips and computers and gizmos we tend to think of as machines. His numbers do not include the probably much vaster number of virtual machines variously known as programs, softbots and algorithms that would seem, on the face of what we are about to read, somewhat less benign and less under control.
High-Frequency Trading Algorithms
Knight Capital recently lost $440 million in the space of five minutes during which a machine — a stock-trading computer algorithm — went haywire. As a U.K. government adviser told the BBC: "It is possible to programme a computer system that can do the job of a human trader, and indeed do it much, much faster."
How much faster? "High-frequency trading" algorithms can complete 165,000 separate trades in a second or so, according to the BBC's Tim Harford, writing about the Knight Capital incident. He tells of high-frequency algorithms that cut big trades into small pieces that attract less scrutiny by competing algorithms, of algorithms that search for buyers and sellers with a little margin between them, and of algorithms that seek and exploit fleeting statistical aberrations in the relationships between different shares or bonds.
Then there are ethically and legally questionable predatory algorithms called "algo-sniffers" that spy on slower algorithms to exploit the advantage that gives them. There are also "spoofers," algo-sniffing variants that make fake offers to induce dumber algorithms to show their hands.
The Knight Capital incident was not the first of its kind. There have been many. Most notably, on May 6, 2010, the Dow dropped 600 points in five minutes. Panicked human traders pulled the plug on their individual high-frequency trading algorithms, causing instant illiquidity in the market, which made things worse. It took another algorithm — a monitor installed by the stock exchange — to avert disaster by halting all trading for just five seconds, buying enough time to halt the downward spiral, wrote Harford. The entire incident was over 10 minutes later.
It was gone, but not forgotten. Andrew Haldane, the executive director for financial stability at the Bank of England, told Harford: "What we have out there now is this complex array of multiple, mutating interacting machines, algorithms. It's constantly developing and travelling at ever-higher velocities. And it's just difficult to know what will pop out next. And that's not an accident waiting to happen, that's an accident that has been happening with increasing frequency over the last few years. We shouldn't wait for the equivalent of the space shuttle disaster before remedying the situation. We already have enough light on the dashboard flashing red to want to do something differently."
Reliance on Machines
The problem is, the genie is out of the bottle, and it grants enough wishes that we seem prepared to accept its occasional tantrums — if we even have a choice any more. Algorithms that talk to one another are just as beneficial as the physical devices described earlier, perhaps even more so (beneficial, that is, when they work according to a plan not concocted by incompetent, greedy or malevolent humans).
The inestimably beneficial Wikipedia, for example, is published and maintained in all languages by an army of editors but "is so vast, and its maintenance so labour-intensive that it defies the capability of its human administrators and editors to keep it in order," wrote Daniel Nasaw for the BBC recently. So guess what: Algorithms do a growing amount of the work for them and are even beginning to encroach on the territory of the knowledge contributor. Some Wikipedia articles, like some sports reports in the media, are now researched and written by algorithms.
That we have no choice but to embrace and trust intelligent, intercommunicating algorithms and other machines, warts and all, is suggested by a European plan to build a €1billion ($1.2 billion) "living earth simulator" that will monitor, via a vast network of intercommunicating machines, the global environment, societies, economies, financial markets, power grids and other complex systems essential to modern life. According to Tom Simonite writing in Technology Review, the simulator will be "an oracle" to which academics and governments will turn for advice, in the same way we check the weather forecast before leaving for a day at the beach.
But experience with the stock market shows that eventually the earth simulator won't just advise: It will govern. It will have to, because we will not be able to handle the volume of data and the velocity of change.
The Smart EHR
What does all this have to do, other than peripherally, with health care?
In a recent issue of H&HN Daily, John Glaser suggests that the adoption of electronic health records is accelerating and that the next step will be to make them more intelligent. While "the core focus of today's EHR remains the transaction," writes Glaser, under accountable care the focus will instead be on reimbursement tied to the practice of evidence-based medicine. The problem is, there is too much evidence for physicians to master. "We must," therefore, "make the shift from a transaction-oriented record to an intelligence-oriented record [EHR]."
In other words, we need smart algorithms, conferring among themselves and the various monitors and other systems connected to the EHR, in health care. We are indeed moving, as we must, to EHRs replete with individual genomes, proteomes, metabolomes and 'omes as yet undiscovered, and this alone defies the capability of human doctors to remember and apply to delivering care.
Glaser suggests that an intelligent EHR will incorporate "big data" analytics algorithms "to measure quality and process performance and assess guideline adherence, financial performance, and provider treatment and outcome variations" in real time from standard EHR data plus the mountains of data amassing via imaging, molecular medicine, patient-provided data, and insurance claim systems. The transition from the transaction-based EHR to the intelligence-based EHR, he concludes, will not just "support post-market surveillance, comparative effectiveness and clinical trial hypothesis framing," but "may become one of the most critical undertakings in our journey toward more accountable, cost-effective care."
Implicitly, Glaser recognizes the importance of machine-machine communications in reaching the desirable future he paints. However, wearing futurist goggles that focus on a future a bit beyond the point where practical minds care to look, I would go further. I would say that "our journey toward more accountable, cost-effective care" will lead us to a time when algorithms communicating together, in and around the EHR, will run health care.
The End of Work
The downside implications of growing machine autonomy, amplified by orders of magnitude as the machines learn to collaborate, include not just the risk of going haywire and of having evil programmed into them, but also the replacement of human jobs.
Within the next decade or two, the only remaining human jobs will likely be to train robots to replace humans. In fact, it's already happening (see this series of slides posted by Technology Review for examples). A friend of mine just sent me an email that makes the point passionately and personally. She wrote:
"I'm somewhat adrift, career-wise, at the moment. I worked for over 14 years as a medical transcriptionist; both in-office and home-based, where I learned more subspecialties. I LOVED it with a passion! Now, everything is either Dragon Speak [Dragon NaturallySpeaking, the software program that recognizes and to some extent understands human speech and automatically transcribes it] or worse — forms on the computer. I wonder who is catching the errors we transcriptionists used to find, though."
Don't Be Surprised
Provided that the global economy does not implode before something like the living earth simulator comes along to govern it for us, and before the general breakdown of civilization instigated by mad machines and starving masses finding themselves somewhat adrift, career-wise, with nothing else to do except riot, hospitals can expect to see increasing automation in every aspect of their operation, from ordering supplies to performing surgical procedures, with all the technologies talking to one another and taking action at a speed and with a complexity beyond human capacity for input or control.
It won't happen overnight, but it will happen. What Haldane said of financial networks will start to apply to hospitals and health networks as the next wave of advances, well described by Glaser, starts to take hold. Haldane's words bear repeating:
"What we have out there now is this complex array of multiple, mutating interacting machines, algorithms. It's constantly developing and travelling at ever-higher velocities. And it's just difficult to know what will pop out next. And that's not an accident waiting to happen, that's an accident that has been happening with increasing frequency over the last few years. We shouldn't wait for the equivalent of the space shuttle disaster before remedying the situation. We already have enough light on the dashboard flashing red to want to do something differently."
David Ellis is a futurist, author, consultant and publisher of Health Futures Digest, a monthly online discursive digest of news and commentary on long-range, leading-edge technological innovations and their consequences and implications for health care policy and practice. Mr. Ellis is also a regular contributor to H&HN Daily and a member of Speakers Express.
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text:
Theorienpluralismus oder theoretischer Pluralismus ist in der Wissenschaftstheorie die Methodologie, welche in der Wissenschaft eine Vielzahl theoretischer Alternativen fordert, um durch deren gegenseitige kritische Prüfung den Erkenntnisfortschritt zu fördern. Im Gegensatz hierzu steht der Theoretische Monismus, welcher indes meist nur implizit vertreten wird.

Der Theorienpluralismus wurde von Paul Feyerabend in Zusammenhang mit seiner Kritik des Empirismus entwickelt. Hans Albert und Helmut Spinner haben ihn mit der erkenntnistheoretischen Position des Fallibilismus verbunden. Hingegen wird der theoretische Monismus oft verknüpft mit der methodologischen Position des Certismus bzw. der Forderung nach einer Letztbegründung der behaupteten theoretischen Aussagen.

Mit analogen erkenntnistheoretischen Argumenten kann neben Theorienpluralismus ebenfalls ein Methodenpluralismus gefordert werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Karl Poppers Methodenpluralismus (Logik der Forschung) oder der Methodenanarchismus Paul Feyerabends (Wider den Methodenzwang und Erkenntnis für freie Menschen).

Laut Karl Popper hat Thales mit der dogmatischen Tradition gebrochen, die lediglich eine Schulmeinung erlaubt, und die kritische Tradition begründet, die eine Vielfalt von Lehrmeinungen zuließ, die alle versuchen, sich der Wahrheit mittels kritischer Diskussion zu nähern.

Theorienpluralismus als Methodologie
"Theorienpluralismus" will nicht bloß abwertend den chaotischen oder "krisenhaften" Zustand beschreiben, wie er in gewissen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen mehr oder minder dauerhaft anzutreffen sei. Vielmehr ruft "Theorienpluralismus" als Methodologie dazu auf, um eine vergleichend vorgehende Kritik überhaupt erst zu ermöglichen, zu einer jeden zu prüfenden wissenschaftlichen Hypothese oder Theorie möglichst viele brauchbare Alternativen zu suchen oder neu zu erfinden. Die vorzügliche Methode, den Erkenntnisfortschritt entsprechend zu organisieren, ist im Theorievergleich gegeben.

Der Theorienpluralismus stützt sich dabei auf die erkenntnispsychologische Grundeinsicht, dass empirische Tatsachen erst im Lichte von Theorien bzw. in Form von Allgemeinbegriffen (die selber gleichsam unentwickelte Theorien darstellen) beobachtet und in ihrer begrifflichen Erfassung für das Erkennen relevant werden. "Vorurteile findet man durch Kontrast und nicht durch Analyse."

Es gibt weder endgültige Begründungen noch endgültige Widerlegungen; denn auch Beobachtungshypothesen samt dem beteiligten Hintergrundwissen können evtl. widerlegt werden. Daher sind Alternativtheorien immer erforderlich, um kritische Gegenprüfungen zu erlauben. Theorienpluralismus ist so eine direkte Konsequenz des konsequenten Fallibilismus.

Übrigens sind in diesem Zusammenhang spekulative oder auch metaphysische Aussagen für die empirische Erkenntnis nicht schlechthin wertlos; denn sie können nämlich als ein Erkenntnisprogramm aufgefasst und so zur Konstruktion neuer empirisch-wissenschaftlicher Theorien benutzt werden.

"Der Fortschritt der Wissenschaft vollzieht sich durch Konstruktion und Kritik, wobei die Erfindung theoretischer Alternativen und die Erfindung und Herstellung brauchbarer experimenteller Situationen - bzw. die Suche nach relevanten Tatsachen - eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Zur Wissenschaftslehre des Kritizismus gehört also ein theoretischer Pluralismus, der ausdrücklich die positive Bedeutung von Alternativen für das Problemlösungsverhalten betont und darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit eines Erkenntnisfortschritts in kontra-intuitiver und in kontra-induktiver Richtung berücksichtigt."

Wird die Theorie des Erkenntnisfortschritts über Forschungsprogramme, wie Imre Lakatos sie vorgesehen hat, ergänzt durch die Idee eines "verbandhaften" Fortschritts, so wird dadurch die Alternative Theorienmonismus vs. Theorienpluralismus hinfällig bzw. in einem übergreifenden, neu gedeuteten Programm aufgehoben.

Kritik
Max Weber plädiert grundsätzlich dafür, dass möglichst divergente Positionen an den Hochschulen vertreten sein sollten. Er hält "Katheder-Wertungen" von Hochschullehrern höchstens dann für akzeptabel, falls Bedingungen eines Wissenschaftspluralismus verwirklicht wären. "Denn der radikale Zweifel ist der Vater der Erkenntnis." Da indes solche Verhältnisse an den Universitäten praktisch nicht gegeben seien, hält er die Wertfreiheit als die einzig mögliche hochschulpolitische Lösung.

Margherita von Brentano macht den Vertretern des Theorienpluralismus zum Vorwurf, hinter der Forderung des Pluralismus verberge sich ein "Monopolpluralismus"; denn alternative Konzeptionen blieben in der hochschul- und wissenschaftspolitischen Wirklichkeit schon aufgrund vorgegebener Strukturen ausgegrenzt.

Wolfgang Krahl wendet gegen die Forderung nach permanentem Theorienpluralismus ein, dass sie mit der Forderung nach maximaler Effektivität in den Naturwissenschaft in Konflikt gerate und deswegen auf wenig Realisierungschancen stoße. Realistischer sei ein Wechsel von mal pluralistischen zu mal nicht pluralistischen Phasen zu erwarten. In einem gewissen Ausmaß sei jedoch Pluralismus schon dadurch gegeben, dass Theorien bei Misserfolgen nicht sofort zugunsten einer Nachfolgertheorie aufgegeben würden, sondern eine Bewährungschance erhielten.

Quellen

Literatur
 Helmut F. Spinner: Theoretischer Pluralismus. In: Hans Albert (Hrsg.): Sozialtheorie und soziale Praxis. Eduard Baumgarten zum 70. Geburtstag. Meisenheim 1971, S. 17ff.
 Hans Albert: Traktat über kritische Vernunft. 4. verb. Auflage. Tübingen 1980.
 Alwin Diemer (Hrsg.): Der Methoden- und Theorienpluralismus in den Wissenschaften. Meisenheim am Glan 1971.
 Helmut F. Spinner: Pluralismus als Erkenntnismodell. 1. Auflage. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1974 (stw 32); Rezension: Alfred Schramm, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1979), S. 90–93..

Weblinks
 Helmut F. Spinner: Theoretischer Pluralismus als Erkenntnismodell (Feyerabend-Rezeption)
 Arne Heise: Ende der neoklassischen Orthodoxie? Wieso ein methodischer Pluralismus gut täte
 Ulrich Frank: Towards a Pluralistic Conception of Research Methods in Information Systems Research. (PDF; 1,8 MB) ICB Research Reports No. 7, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, University Duisburg-Essen, 2006.

Philosophische Methode
Wissenschaftstheorie
Kritischer Rationalismus

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How to Divide Income and Deductions between the Decedent and…
How to Divide Income and Deductions between the Decedent and the Estate
Estate and Trust Administration For Dummies, 2nd Edition
By Margaret Atkins Munro, Kathryn A. Murphy
Just because an employer, bank, brokerage firm, or other payer continues making payments to the decedent doesn't necessarily mean that's whose tax return they should go. As the administrator of the estate, you make the final determination of where these items rightfully belong — and you have the responsibility of reporting them correctly.
Because most taxpayers are cash basis (you don't report items that you owe or that others owe to you), you should be able to determine pretty easily which tax return an item belongs on. If a check is dated after the date of death, it belongs to the estate, even if it's payable to the decedent; checks dated through the date of death belong to the decedent.
The same is true for amounts owed by the decedent. If the decedent wrote and mailed the check, he or she gets the deduction; if you pay the bill after death, the deduction belongs to the estate, even if you paid the check from the decedent's checking account (which is a major no-no).
As with any rules, exceptions exist. Property owned jointly with rights of survivorship (a form of joint ownership in which title passes automatically to the surviving joint owner(s)), and property owned as tenants by the entireties (ownership available only to spouses in which title passes automatically to the surviving spouse upon the first spouse's death) transfer at the time of death to the surviving owner(s).
So income received after death belongs 100 percent to the surviving joint owner(s) or surviving tenant by the entirety. Likewise, mortgage payments owed on property held jointly with rights of survivorship and as tenants by the entireties become the sole liability of the survivor(s). If property is owned jointly as tenants in common, the scenario changes.
At death, the deceased joint owner's heirs become additional joint owners of the property and now automatically receive the decedent's share of the income together with the decedent's share of any debts owed on that property.
The estate often receives income for months — sometimes years — after the decedent's death, with checks still payable to the decedent personally. Don't hesitate to deposit these checks into the estate's accounts — that's where they belong, after all. You have to notify the IRS, however, that the estate is going to declare this income.
You can do this by completing a nominee Form 1099 and filing it with the IRS. Just show the decedent (with his or her Social Security number) as the Payer, and the estate (with its TIN) as the Recipient. (To obtain a 1099, just call 800-829-3676.) If you failed to file nominee 1099s, you can still let the IRS know where the income you're reporting was originally reported to them.
Merely place a notation on the estate's tax return showing that the estate received the income in the name and Social Security number of the decedent.
Finally, although most itemized deductions are equally deductible on a Form 1040 or Form 1041, you may deduct medical expenses only on Form 1040, not on Form 1041. If you pay final medical bills for the decedent, you don't need to lose those deductions. The IRS allows even cash-basis taxpayers to deduct medical expenses paid within a year after death on the decedent's final Form 1040.


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text:
Tom Cruise Phone Number, Fanmail Address and Contact Details
by Patrick WilsonPosted on October 29, 2021 October 29, 2021
If you want to know about Tom Cruise's real phone number and also looking for Tom Cruise's email and fanmail address then, you are at the correct place! We are going to give you the contact information of Tom Cruise like his phone number, email address, and Fanmail address details.
Tom Cruise Contact Details
NAME: Tom Cruise
DOB: 3 July 1962 (age 59 years)
BIRTHPLACE: Syracuse, New York, United States
FATHER: Thomas Mapother III
MOTHER: Mary Lee Pfeiffer
INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/tomcruise/
FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/officialtomcruise
TIKTOK: @deeptomcruise
See Also: Leonardo DiCaprio Phone Number, Fanmail Address and Contact Details
Who is Tom Cruise?
Tom Cruise is an American actor and director who is best known for his role as secret agent Ethan Hunt in the 'Mission: Impossible' film series. He has received several awards for his work. Tom Cruise IV, also known as Thomas Cruise Mapother IV, was born on July 3, 1962, in Syracuse, New York, to Mary and Thomas Mapother. He is the son of Mary and Thomas Mapother. In addition to being a schoolteacher, Cruise's mother was an amateur actor. His father worked as an electrical engineer. Although his family traveled often as a youngster because of his father's professional obligations, Cruise grew up in a relatively stable environment.
As a result of his parents' divorce when he was 11 years old, Cruise and his siblings relocated with their mother first to Kentucky and then to the town of Glen Ridge, New Jersey, once she remarried. Cruise, like his mother and three sisters, was dyslexic, which made it difficult for him to achieve academic success in high school. He did, however, excel in sports and pondered pursuing a career in professional wrestling until a knee injury forced him to withdraw from consideration during his senior year of high school.
Cruise enrolled at a Franciscan seminary at the age of 14 with the intention of becoming a priest, but he dropped out after a year. His participation in the school's performance of the musical Guys and Dolls was encouraged by a teacher when he was sixteen years old. After landing the role of Nathan Detroit in the film Nathan Detroit, Cruise discovered that he was remarkably comfortable on stage, and so his acting career was launched.
In May 1987, Tom Cruise tied the knot with actress Mimi Rogers. As a result of his introduction to Scientology by Rogers, Cruise has gone on to become a vocal champion for the Church of Scientology. Their marriage, on the other hand, came to an end in February 1990.
In December 1990, he tied the knot with actress Nicole Kidman in Los Angeles. The couple had two children via adoption, but their marriage ended in divorce as well.
On November 18, 2006, he tied the knot with Katie Holmes for the third time in his life. They are the parents of a girl. The divorce petition was filed by Holmes against Cruise on June 29, 2012, after five and a half years of marriage. Aside from his three marriages, he was in a relationship with Spanish actress Penelope Cruz and British-Iranian actress Nazanin Boniadi, who both worked in the entertainment industry.
During his late adolescence, he abandoned the dream of becoming a priest and opted to pursue a career in acting. As a 19-year-old, he relocated to New York and was fortunate in landing a tiny part in the 1981 film 'Endless Love.' A few more tiny parts later, he landed the lead role of Joel Goodson in the romantic comedy "Risky Business," which came out the following year.
The film was a huge success, and Tom Cruise, with his chocolate-boy good looks, quickly became the heartthrob of millions of young American females throughout the country. Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell, a young naval pilot stationed on the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, was his character in the action-drama film "Top Gun," which he appeared in the following year. This film was also a big hit, further solidifying his status as a Hollywood celebrity.
His run of success continued into the late 1980s with films such as 'The Color of Money' (1986), 'Cocktail' (1988), 'Rain Man' (1988), and 'Born on the Fourth of July' (1989). He was also nominated for an Academy Award in 1989 for 'The Color of Money' (1989). His wife, actress Nicole Kidman, whom he had married in 1990, was a frequent co-star on the big screen in the early 1990s. Days of Thunder (1990) and 'Far and Away' (1993) were two films in which the real-life pair co-starred as lovers (1992).
With his performance as Ethan Hunt in the action espionage film Mission: Impossible, he garnered unparalleled fame and recognition. The story revolves around agent Hunt and his quest to identify the identity of the male who has falsely accused him of the killings of his whole crew. The picture was a huge box office hit, and it generated a number of sequels as a result.
Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, he maintained his position as a highly bankable and popular star, appearing in films such as 'Eyes Wide Shut' (1999), 'Vanilla Sky' (2001), 'Minority Report' (2002), 'The Last Samurai' (2003), 'Collateral' (2004), 'War of the Worlds' (2005), and 'Lions for Lambs' (2007). "Rock of Ages," "Jack Reacher," "Oblivion," and "Edge of Tomorrow" are a few of his more recent films, as well as "Jack Reacher" and "Oblivion" (2014).
The fifth episode of the Mission: Impossible series, 'Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation,' was released in 2015. Tom Cruise reprised his role as Ethan Hunt. Mission: Impossible – Fallout', the sixth installment in the series, saw him return to the role for the first time in almost a decade. In 2017, he appeared in the horror film 'The Mummy' as the titular character. The film was a remake of the same-titled Boris Karloff picture from 1932, which starred Boris Karloff.
Relevant ways are provided below to contact Tom Cruise. If you want to contact Tom Cruise, his phone number, email address, as well as Tom Cruise Fanmail address details, are given. Social Media accounts are also offered to make contact with Tom Cruise with a simple method.
Contact address (residence address) 42 West
(Public Relations Agency)
600 3rd Avenue
Fan Mail Address Tom Cruise
42 West
Instagram Handle https://www.instagram.com/tomcruise/
Facebook Handle https://www.facebook.com/officialtomcruise
Twitter Profile https://twitter.com/TomCruise
TikTok Profile @deeptomcruise
Best Methods to Contact Tom Cruise:
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1. Tom Cruise Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tomcruise/
2. Tom Cruise Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/officialtomcruise/
3. Tom Cruise TikTok: @deeptomcruise
Tom Cruise is a famous TikTok Star and social media personality. He uses to share his videos on his TikTok account. People can follow his TikTok id to see his videos and can like & comment on the videos or photos.
4. Tom Cruise Youtube Channel: NA
Tom Cruise also has his youtube channel. he posts his new videos on his channel. You can visit his youtube channel to see his latest videos.
5. Tom Cruise Phone Number, Email, House Address
Here we discuss the most common contact methods like the phone number of Tom Cruise, his email address, and his fanmail address.
Tom Cruise phone number: Not Available
Tom Cruise email id: Not Available
Fanmail Address of Tom Cruise
Posted in ActorTagged Tom Cruise, Tom Cruise address, Tom Cruise bio, Tom Cruise contact address, Tom Cruise email id, Tom Cruise facebook, Tom Cruise fanmail, Tom Cruise instagram, Tom Cruise phone number, Tom Cruise twitter
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Buy Book Online
EAV Overview
Bioresonance Overview
Detailed Seminar-Book to Bioresonance and EAV > EAV – Electroakupuncture acc. Dr. Voll – Overview
EAV – Electroakupuncture acc. Dr. Voll – Overview
The electroacupuncture according Dr. Voll is abbreviated by the capital letters EAV. EAV goes back to research carried out by Dr. Voll and others. Dr. Voll found that the electrical resistance over acupuncture nodes follows a significantly different trajectory compared to normal skin surfaces. This difference is known as the plateau effect. In contrast to the rest of the skin, measurements over a certain area vary only slightly by changes in pressure of the sensor on such node. This makes it easy to distinguish between a measurement node and plain skin surface.
EAV readings are recorded on a scale from 0–100 with the so-called normal score being set at 50. This scale is based on a transformation of the actual reading. This transformation forms the basis for all EAV analyses, and EAV devices have to be calibrated precisely according to this function. The calibration is easy to verify.
EAV assigns the reading at an acupuncture node to categories such as "overactive," "subdued," or "exhausted." You can find out more about this in the literature. Energetic imbalances accordingly lead to high or low readings or to a drop in readings known as an indicator drop.
The amazing phenomenon was the discovery that the electrical resistance at acupuncture nodes (e.g., the terminal nodes of the meridians on the hands and the feet) changes rapidly when the client comes into direct or indirect contact with some "matching" external substances. Even without any direct contact between the client and a "suitable" test sample (i.e., a sample inside a sealed glass phial), the EAV acupuncture node reading will change almost immediately if an interaction occurs. All that is necessary is to place the test sample in a test tray linked to the client over a cable. The reasons for this phenomenon have yet to be explained.
According to Dr. Voll's work, this leads any user of EAV to the following conclusion: If a test sample normalizes an imbalanced acupuncture node to a reading of 50, then this indicates not only the presence of an energetic imbalance but also that this test sample can rectify it. This procedure is called the resonance test of the electroacupuncture acc. Dr, Voll.
The easiest way to perform acupuncture measurement is at the so-called "terminal nodes" on the hands and the feet. They are easy to localize and simple to measure.
Many of the classifications of meridians to individual organs or groups of organs come from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Others are based on empirical tests by Dr Voll and his followers. According to TCM, this classification of meridians to organs has yet to be confirmed scientifically and in medicine. Hence, it can only be interpreted hypothetically in an energetic sense. Amazingly, however, the substances frequently correspond to the structures related to the meridians.
How Do I Carry Out a Resonance Test?
You can perform a EAV resonance test with a test tray linked directly to the client through the reference electrode attached to the EAV device. Initially, you measure all the nodes in question in order to determine the status quo. Next, you choose the meridian whose reading deviates most strongly from the normal value of 50, and place test samples that are assumed to be normalizing in the test tray. Then, you measure the particular node again and note any change on the scale. By using appropriate test kits, you can effectively limit the group of substances that will have a normalizing effect on the readings at the acupuncture nodes. As a result, a resonance test takes only a few minutes.
The bioresonance and the electroacupuncture according Dr. Voll (EAV) are scientifically controversial and the teaching medicine is not appreciating the methods in some countries yet. All information on this internet presentation is related to energetic treatment. Any form of energetic treatment does IN NO CASE replace traditional MEDICAL TREATMENT.
Copyright © 2019 Holimed Privatinstitut fuer holistische Medizinsysteme GmbH. All rights reserved.


What are my Options for Medicare Coverage When I turn 65?
What is the cost of a Mutual of Omaha Medicare Supplement?
As the name suggests, medicare supplement plans are insurance policies which add value to original medicare plans. Original medicare plans exist in two distinct parts; Part A and Part B. These mainly cover for your healthcare services but not all expenses. For example, coinsurance, copayments and yearly deductibles are not covered by original medicare plans. Therefore, medicare supplement plans step in to bear those expenses.
There are ten medicare supplement plans in existence and they are named with alphabets. They include: plan( A,B,C,D,F,G,K,L,M) and N. Note that each supplement plan is similar in all states. For example, plan A in one state is the same as the plan A in another state. There are no variations no matter which insurance company you go to. You must have an original medicare in order to be eligible for supplement plans. For rates online for Medicare supplement plans in 2019 visit https://www.bestmedicaresupplementplans2019.com/.
You must also be 65 years and above to qualify for medigap plans in 2019. This is applied in all states, and no insurance company is obliged to give you a medigap policy if you don't meet these requirements. To put things into perspective, let's consider a sample situation. Supposing you have an outstanding bill for laboratory tests and x-rays and you have paid the annual Part B deductible. The medicare part B pays up to 80% of the bill. However, if you have a medigap policy which pays covers for part B copayments and coinsurance costs, then, it is the duty of Medicare part B policy to pay for the remaining 20% of the bill. Simple, isn't it? Let's look at some of the benefits covered by medigaps.
Medigap plans K and L have a certain usage limit such that when this limit is reached, they cover the costs for the rest of the year.
All medigap policies cover: -Medicare Part A hospice coinsurance, Medicare part B coinsurance and the first three pints of blood received by hospitals.
Plans C and D cover for skilled nursing facility care coinsurance and Medicare Part A deductibles. On the other hand, medigap plans A and B do not cover skilled nursing facility care coinsurance.
Foreign travel exchange is partly covered by medigap plans C and D. This is up to 80%.
Generally, original medicare plans are not enough to cover all your health insurance needs. Therefore, you should get medigaps to boost your health insurance.
Next Next post: Medicare Supplement Premiums – On the rise?


Taiwanese army invests in its communication infrastructure with the SOTM Satcom On The Move.
At TADTE 2013, the Taipei Aerospace and Defense Technology Exhibition, the Taiwanese army presents a new communication vehicle, the SOTM Satcom On The Move. This new vehicle upgrades the existing satellite communication system with enhanced mobile communication capabilities.
The new SOTM Satcom On The Move satellite communication vehicle of Taiwanese army at TADTE 2013, Taipei Aerospace and Defense Technology Exhibition in Taiwan.
The SOTM is based on a Ford F-450, an heavy-duty pickup trucks, which are available in a variety of configurations and three model series are available, the F-250, F-350 and F-450. This pickup is motorized with a 6,300 cc turbo diesel engines which allows the vehicle to run at a maximum road speed of 110 km/h and 40 km/h in off-road conditions.
The crew cab is fitted at the front of the vehicle, and a shelter with the communication equipment and satellite antenna is mounted at the rear of the vehicle. This communication vehicle can be used for military applications or natural disasters missions.
It can provide command and control information, video, and data transmission. The SOTM can be deployed quickly to meet the military communications requirements in the battlefield.
The SOTM is also equipped with a 12KW water-cooled power generator and a self-recovery winch is mounted at the front of the vehicle.
A shelter with communication equipment and satellite antenna is mounted at the rear of the vehicle.


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Q: Borders won't appear on UserControl Instances I have created a custom control that utilizes pre-existing WPF controls. Inside the control I made some borders that visually separates the individual elements.
Here's the XAML code for the UserControl: TimeEntry:
<UserControl
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    x:Class="ClockWatcher.TimeEntry"
    x:Name="UserControl"
    d:DesignWidth="365" d:DesignHeight="40" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
    <UserControl.Resources>
        <Thickness x:Key="borderDim">0,0,1,0</Thickness>
        <Thickness x:Key="labelPadding">2,0</Thickness>
        <Color x:Key="borderColor">#FF151E3E</Color>
        <Color x:Key="buttonColorBackground">#FFB3D6E6</Color>
    </UserControl.Resources>

    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top">
        <Border x:Name="mainBorder" BorderThickness="3" CornerRadius="1" Padding="1" Background="#FF9DB6BF" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top">
            <Border.BorderBrush>
                <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
            </Border.BorderBrush>
            <Grid x:Name="borderGrid">
                <StackPanel x:Name="mainStack" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top">
                    <Border x:Name="timeInBorder" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" BorderThickness="{DynamicResource borderDim}" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}">
                        <Border.BorderBrush>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                        </Border.BorderBrush>
                        <StackPanel x:Name="timeInStack" Orientation="Vertical" Height="31.92" Width="50.46">
                            <Label x:Name="timeInLabel" Content="Time In" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}" BorderThickness="0,0,0,1">
                                <Label.BorderBrush>
                                    <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                                </Label.BorderBrush>
                            </Label>
                            <TextBlock x:Name="timeInBlock" HorizontalAlignment="Left" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding timeIn.TimeOfDay, ElementName=UserControl}" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </Border>
                    <Border x:Name="timeOutBorder" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" BorderThickness="{DynamicResource borderDim}" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}">
                        <Border.BorderBrush>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                        </Border.BorderBrush>
                        <StackPanel x:Name="timeOutStack" Orientation="Vertical" Height="31.92" Width="54.46">
                            <Label x:Name="timeOutLabel" Content="Time Out" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}" BorderThickness="0,0,0,1">
                                <Label.BorderBrush>
                                    <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                                </Label.BorderBrush>
                            </Label>
                            <TextBlock x:Name="timeOutBlock" HorizontalAlignment="Left" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding timeOut.TimeOfDay, ElementName=UserControl}" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}"/>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </Border>
                    <Border x:Name="timeSpentBorder" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" BorderThickness="{DynamicResource borderDim}" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}">
                        <Border.BorderBrush>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                        </Border.BorderBrush>
                        <StackPanel x:Name="timeSpentStack" Orientation="Vertical" Height="31.92" Width="63.653">
                            <Label x:Name="timeSpentLabel" Content="Time Spent" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}" BorderThickness="0,0,0,1">
                                <Label.BorderBrush>
                                    <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                                </Label.BorderBrush>
                            </Label>
                            <TextBlock x:Name="timeSpentBlock" HorizontalAlignment="Left" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding timeSpent,ElementName=UserControl}" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}"/>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </Border>
                    <Button x:Name="alarmButton" Content="Alarm" HorizontalAlignment="Center" BorderThickness="0,0,1,0">
                        <Button.Background>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource buttonColorBackground}"/>
                        </Button.Background>
                        <Button.BorderBrush>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                        </Button.BorderBrush>
                    </Button>
                    <StackPanel x:Name="commentStack1" Orientation="Horizontal">
                        <TextBox x:Name="commentBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding comment,ElementName=UserControl}" VerticalAlignment="Top" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}" BorderThickness="0" SourceUpdated="commentBox_SourceUpdated">
                            <TextBox.BorderBrush>
                                <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                            </TextBox.BorderBrush>
                        </TextBox>
                        <Button x:Name="commentButton" VerticalAlignment="Top" Content="Ad" BorderThickness="1,0" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}">
                            <Button.Background>
                                <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource buttonColorBackground}"/>
                            </Button.Background>
                            <Button.BorderBrush>
                                <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource borderColor}"/>
                            </Button.BorderBrush>
                        </Button>
                    </StackPanel>
                    <Button x:Name="deleteButton" Content="X" Padding="{DynamicResource labelPadding}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" BorderBrush="{x:Null}" BorderThickness="{DynamicResource borderDim}">
                        <Button.Background>
                            <SolidColorBrush Color="{DynamicResource buttonColorBackground}"/>
                        </Button.Background>
                    </Button>
                </StackPanel>

            </Grid>
        </Border>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

In Blend, or the designer view in VS2013, the borders will appear just fine. However, when I place an instance of this control into a grid in the MainWindow, the borders won't appear.
All I do is this in MainWindow:
<Window
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ClockWatcher" x:Class="ClockWatcher.MainWindow"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="554" Width="949">
    <Window.Resources>
        <UserControl x:Key="timeEntry"/>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid x:Name="mainGrid">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="250*"/>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="445*"/>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="246*"/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Grid x:Name="leftGrid" Grid.Column="0">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        </Grid>
        <Grid x:Name="rightGrid" Grid.Column="2">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        </Grid>
        <ScrollViewer x:Name="timeEntryList" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
            <StackPanel x:Name="scrollStack" Orientation="Vertical" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
                <local:TimeEntry/>
            </StackPanel>
        </ScrollViewer>
    </Grid>
</Window>

Can someone help me find out  what I did wrong here? I've been reading a book to find out about dependency objects and dependency properties, which I've also added the UserControl, but I'm not sure what's really wrong with it right now.

A: Declare all these resources in App.xaml and it will work,
<Application.Resources>
    <Thickness x:Key="borderDim">0,0,1,0</Thickness>
    <Thickness x:Key="labelPadding">2,0</Thickness>
    <Color x:Key="borderColor">#FF151E3E</Color>
    <Color x:Key="buttonColorBackground">#FFB3D6E6</Color>
</Application.Resources>


text:
now reading: How Social Media Platforms Are Narrowing the First Amendment
How Social Media Platforms Are Narrowing the First Amendment
By Kalev Leetaru
" (Twitter via AP)
The First Amendment forms the bedrock of American democracy. Its protections against government censorship make possible the shared societal debates that have ushered many once-heretical ideas into the mainstream. Yet, as our national debates increasingly occur within the private walls of social media platforms, those companies, exempt from First Amendment restraints, have embraced their newfound role of national censor. As part of this process, fact-checkers are expanding their reach to questions for which there are no clear answers, adding new categories of assessment such as "missing context" to their rulings.
These shifting dynamics prompt a fundamental question: What does it mean for democracy when the First Amendment is continually narrowed by private companies stepping in to act as the censors that the government can't be?
Throughout American history, the First Amendment has enshrined the right of all Americans to hold and share beliefs without fear of government repression. With few exceptions, the government cannot forcibly deter its citizens from expressing views with which it disagrees. Yet it is important to remember that these protections do not extend to the private entities within whose walled gardens we often hold our societal debates. Twitter can legally label the president's tweets as "false" while Facebook can legally set its own standards regarding when threats of "state use of force" can be made. The platforms can legally ban users, including heads of state, threaten to bar elected officials for statements they dislike, designate people as "dangerous individuals" and restrict circulation of content its fact-checking partners deem to be true but "missing context." How is it that a private company can now designate an American citizen as a "dangerous individual" whose right to speech in the digital world can be revoked?
In extending their reach to elected officials over the past year, social platforms are increasingly seeking to wield influence over American policy. Twitter allegedly threatened to ban Sen. Tom Cotton from its platform if he didn't delete a tweet encouraging law enforcement to crack down on violent looting, while Facebook noted it could establish official guidelines regarding when the U.S. government would be permitted to use force against its citizenry and bar official government threats of force in violation of that policy.
Threatening politicians with bans for unpopular speech and actively flagging and even deleting statements the platforms dislike allows social media companies to encourage self-censorship in which elected officials, fearful of being blocked from a major connection to voters, will restrict what they say.
At the same time, the courts have repeatedly ruled that President Trump's Twitter account constitutes an official U.S. government account and thus the president is prohibited from blocking users with whom he disagrees. Yet, if the president's Twitter account is an official publication of the government in the eyes of the judiciary, why is Twitter permitted to censor it?
The companies have even begun to wade into the legal system, curtailing posts arguing that the actions of Kyle Rittenhouse — charged with fatally shooting two people during civil unrest in Kenosha, Wis. — were in self-defense. Twitter went a step further to suspend the account of Rittenhouse's lawyer for "glorifying violence" after the attorney publicly touted his client's innocence and announced a fundraiser to help cover his legal costs. Only after a public outcry did the company reinstate the account, offering only the terse explanation that "this account was incorrectly actioned." If private companies can now render their own judgment on court cases and bar arguments of guilt or innocence with which they disagree, what impact will that have on jury pools of the future?
The fact-checking landscape is also becoming more complex. Rather than stick to simple "true" and "false" ratings, fact-checking on Facebook now includes labels like "missing context," which does not dispute a claim's veracity, but rather argues that, like all arguments, there is an opposing view.
A Facebook spokesperson noted that this "missing context" rating was added just last month at the recommendation of its fact-checking partners. Interestingly, the rating was recently cited by the platform in its removal of an ad. Regarding the ad's criticism of Michigan Sen. Gary Peters, the fact-checker noted, "That's a prediction we can't fact-check."
While Facebook touts the independence of its fact-checking partners, the business magazine Fast Company noted recently that the platform "may intervene if it thinks that a piece of content was mistakenly rated, by asking fact-checkers to adjust their ratings, a spokesperson acknowledged." Asked how often this occurs, the company did not reply, but did confirm that it periodically intervenes in fact-checker ratings when it believes they are not in keeping with its definitions.
At the same time, social media platforms are facing increasing pressure to define ever more of our societal debate as prohibited speech. As but one example, the NAACP's #StopHate campaign earlier this year grouped "climate denialism" into the same category as "white supremacy, militia, antisemitism, violent conspiracies, Holocaust denialism."
Such redefining of the public debate as "hate speech" mirrors the wording used by China earlier this year as it strengthened its grip over Hong Kong. After a number of teachers were reprimanded for teaching topics relating to human rights and democracy, a spokesperson for Hong Kong's Education Bureau offered that the teachers were not punished for "a particular political view" but rather for "express[ing] their views in hate speech or through violence."
As private companies increasingly sweep aside First Amendment guarantees, they have been granted incredible powers not just to arbitrate what constitute acceptable ideas but to ultimately decide what constitutes "truth." Where might these trends take us? For the answer, ask your friendly Amazon Alexa device, "Is Apple/Facebook/Google/Twitter/Walmart a monopoly?" In each case it will cite search results from the web to argue that each is a monopoly. On the other hand, ask whether its manufacturer, Amazon, is a monopoly and without hesitation Alexa repeats the built-in answer: "No, Amazon.com is not a monopoly."
RealClear Media Fellow Kalev Leetaru is a senior fellow at the George Washington University Center for Cyber & Homeland Security. His past roles include fellow in residence at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and member of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on the Future of Government.
Related Topics: Amazon, Fact-checking, Free Speech, First Amendment