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The Parliament wants a 40% reduction of cars' CO2 emissions by 2030
Today the plenary of the European Parliament backed an ambitious report drafted by S&D MEP Miriam Dalli calling for a 40% cut of cars' and vans' CO2 emissions by 2030. The goal of the report is to ensure that Europe will lead the world transition towards low and zero-carbon cars instead of importing new technologies.
Despite initial opposition from the right and strong lobbying by traditional carmakers, Miriam Dalli managed to build a parliamentary majority to override the unambitious targets initially introduced by the European Commission.
Miriam Dalli said:
"Some see a trade-off between jobs and the environment. I see them as complementary to one another: if we don't make sure that Europe is able to produce clean cars within a reasonable time frame, we will not only miss our Paris Climate Change targets but the European car industry will lag behind in the global market and jobs will be lost.
"My Group was ready to vote for a 45% reduction target, but we accepted the 40% for the sake of building a strong parliamentary majority. It would have been unreasonable to accept less. Even the Commission's Impact Assessment states that a 40% target will create 69,000 jobs in case we still have to import batteries, and 92,000 jobs if batteries are produced in the EU. Consumers will be the ones who will benefit the most over the lifetime of their vehicles.
"However, it is estimated that around 12,000 jobs in the automotive sector across the EU may be lost with the 40% CO2 target over a period of 12 years - until 2030 - due to specific parts-suppliers no longer being needed. We also include a fair transition fund for those workers and regions that will be affected - something that the Commission did not even propose."
S&D vice-president Kathleen Van Brempt said:
"This is a very good outcome to start negotiating with the Council. It is at the same time ambitious and realistic. It is also encouraging that a growing number of member states are also backing a 40% emissions cut.
"On the other hand, Ms. Merkel, who was once known as the Climate Chancellor, is struggling to save the German combustion engine, arguing that electrification of the European fleet would lead to job losses. What she actually will accomplish is creating jobs in China. Because this is the real discussion: Will the electric car of the future be built in Europe or in China?"
Once the Council adopts its position next week, the negotiations with the Parliament will start.
Miriam Dalli MEP
MEPs involved
DALLI Miriam
Head of delegation
VAN BREMPT Kathleen
S&D press contact
MARTIN DE LA TORRE Victoria
Press Officer, President's spokesperson
S&D leader Udo Bullmann: "On Labour Day we reaffirm our call for a fair and progressive Europe for all."
European Parliament approves measures to protect workers and crackdown on letterbox companies in the EU
S&Ds say: EU Commission wake up! Endocrine disruptors must be regulated to protect citizens' health


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Symbionticism
A blog about microbes and symbiosis
Q&A on Holobionts and Hologenomes
Image from Brucker and Bordenstein, 2013, Zoology
In September, a few friends on twitter entered into a lively discussion on holobionts and hologenomes that was subsequently borne out in a series of Q&A emails. Below, we summarize this discourse - whose goal was to flesh out some of the nuances and foundations of the holobiont and hologenome terms (related blog post - What are holobionts and hologenomes?) and concepts. David Baltrus poses queries to Seth Bordenstein and Kevin Theis. What follows is very informal, but useful for the three of us and perhaps our colleagues. We all hope it is helpful from the various angles that one may look at this stimulated area.
Q1: The first point that I think still needs clarifying after the hologenome article and the perspective piece in Science is what the point of promoting "the hologenome" actually is. I'm probably just too close...but to me it's not a controversial idea that microbes matter for evolution/ecology of macro-organisms.
A1 (SB): There's two ways to answer this question. First, I think that this is an uncertain argument as one could raise that same question for virtually any term. Why do we need the term "metagenome" if we knew there were previously microbial genomes in soil, or why do we need the term "selfish gene" if we already knew there were transposons, etc. We could stop there, but I think these terms clearly have uses now that one would not question. Indeed, the selfish gene debate early on is very similar to the holobiont and hologenome terms; moreover I think it goes deeper than just this. We're not just using words willy nilly :) There hasn't been a good singular term yet to describe the entity of the multispecies organism and their genomes. In fact, we argue its been quite the opposite as we describe in principle 2 (link to paper):
"There appears to be a considerable number of misplaced characterizations and colloquialisms used to refer to host-microbiota symbioses, and these misnomers can potentially act as impasses to new advances".
We need to chuck out all the superorganism and organ system colloquialisms for good reasons. Moreover, the holobionts and hologenomes properly emphasize the diverse and complex array of symbionts and their genomes in one host species. In contrast to binary symbioses, the multispecies consortia are relatively new and universal features of macrobes that emerged within the last decade for many biologists. That's what the terms best capture in a timely fashion. See Gordon, Knowlton, Reman, Rohwer, Youle for similar arguments (link).
A1 (KRT): Yes, it is readily accepted that microbes matter for the evolution/ecology of macro-organisms, but importantly the hologenome concept goes beyond this observation in a very substantive way. Specifically, it posits that the host and its microbiota are a potential primary unit of selection. It is this component of the concept, along with the emphasis on the diversity of the symbiotic communities to be considered, as SB already noted, that requires the use of new terminology. All macro-organisms are populated by microbes, these associations are often not random but rather are replicated across macro-organismal generations and are reflective of their phylogeny, and these associations also often profoundly affect the phenotypes of what we typically think of as individual macro-organisms. As we note in the paper:
"the debatable and testable issue of the hologenome is whether nuclear genes and microbes are coinherited to a degree that evolution can operate on their interaction."
Q2: In light of my own point #1 above, almost all of the PLoS principles paper is couched in terms of microbial "symbionts". While I gather that you are using the broad term "symbionts" here which includes pathogens, it seems to me that all the points that the piece brings up can be flipped and looked at from the point of view of pathogens as well. I don't think any of this is controversial if it's couched in terms of microbial pathogens, especially long term chronic ones. HIV can be environmentally acquired or vertically inherited and certainly causes changes in human phenotypes/evolution/ecology. These phenotypic changes (i.e. loss of T cells) can appear to "reboot" some aspects of Lamarck's ideas just as much as beneficial microbes, only in this case the acquired phenotype is disease. Do pathogenic infections count for rebooting Lamarckian principles if they are inherited across generations? Seems like it's the same story, but you guys put the Larmarckian thing in there to be a bit provocative, which is completely understandable, it just kind of sticks out to me. I don't think that you see a distinction between beneficial and pathogenic microbes, but I think at least some of the ideas mentioned have been pretty thoroughly worked out for pathogens (speciation for one). If anything, I might argue that pathogens have more power to coevolve with humans than beneficial microbes because of stronger selection pressures on both ends (handwaving over a lot of assumptions).
A2 (SB): I'm trying to follow the logic here, as it seems you are playing both sides of the Q/A. First, you are right in that we have always used symbionts in our publications to refer to all types of associations. And we do not subscribe to overselling one phenotype for another. Quite the contrary, we write that
"In the microbiome, selection favors the spread of beneficial microbes involved in nutrition, defense, or reproduction, while pathogenic microbes are either purged by holobiont selection or the pathogens deploy adaptations…."
Second, there is the issue of Lamarck. You agree with Lamarckian aspects of pathogens, but then questions if using Lamarck in the paper is too provocative. Mmmm…can't have it both ways :) Our goal is to get the science right in its most accurate way, not be provocative in a purposeful sense. If that accuracy or view of science happens to be taken as provocative, that might say something more about where the community is now, than our intent per se. Indeed, Margaret McFall-Ngai once told similar stories for some of her perspectives on the immune system's role in regulating beneficial microbes. The immunologists were initially up in arms. Finally and to your last point, it is the very fact that many aspects of symbioses have been worked out that we can reason the holobiont and hologenome concepts are the best model to explain the complexity of the systems in a comprehensive light. I think Kevin and I both agree also that its' not perfect. It needs to be made better with more concepts, theory, and experimentation that is the stated intent of the essay.
A2 (KRT): We do employ "symbiont" broadly, referring to resident microbes: beneficial, pathogenic, or otherwise. The hologenome concept accommodates each of these interaction types. Lamarckian evolution is simply heritability of acquired characteristics. If acquired symbionts have fitness consequences and are thereafter heritable, they are consistent with Lamarckian evolution. I do not see that as provocative. It should, however, be noted that although we present the argument for a Lamarckian element to the hologenome concept, the Rosenbergs (and many others) of course originally did so (link).
In general, strength of selection may be greater on pathogenic interactions as you suggest, but it can be substantial on beneficial interactions as well. The Rosenbergs' coral example comes readily to mind (link). Regardless, this is not consequential to the validation or refutation of the hologenome concept as again it accommodates all interaction types. Lastly, I concur with SB, the hologenome concept is not perfect, and in the essay we discuss where future efforts should be focused, but it is the most comprehensive evolutionary framework we currently have for discussing and investigating the ecological and evolutionary complexities of host-microbial systems.
Q3: We have a pretty good vocabulary for ideas like co-evolution, multi-level selection, phenotypic plasticity. What makes the hologenome different enough to warrant special mention in light of a lot of previous theory and literature? If it's combination of all these things, all of these ideas must inherently incorporate each other in nature anyway, no?
A3 (SB): I think A1 mostly applies here too, but let me know if I'm missing something. Most importantly, we haven't had a word/singular framework that captures the fact that all of these evolutionary and ecological processes are happening at once across the complexity of the holobiont. We've traditionally seen host-microbe interactions as interactions between individual host and individual microbe. The holobiont and holgoenome concepts instead place emphasis on the complex systems biology of the whole system driving evolution. For many phenotypes (and as Charles Goodnight initially put in an email to me), so-called "individual selection" will actually be selection on the community, with many players affecting the selection, and that is what we as a community haven't appreciated enough.
A3 (KRT): Nice explanation SB. I will only add that, for me at least, the holobiont concept is a redefining of that which constitutes an individual animal or plant. This new construct, or unit, requires a name and a clear definition. That definition is itself 'evolving,' hopefully catalyzed to some degree by our essay.
Q4a: You say that the hologenome is "not complex" and point out that they are really only referring to microbes (see microbiome in Title).
A4a (SB): Mmmm, you're taking words out of context here. We actually state the opposite:
"The holobiont and hologenome concepts upgrade this conventional vision to encompass the vast ecological and genomic COMPLEXITY of a host and its total microbiota"
And the particular quote excised above was from the following paragraph:
"For instance, do the genomes of an insect pollinator and flower constitute a hologenome? The ANSWER HERE IS NOT COMPLEX. Holobionts and their hologenomes are exclusive to the hosts and their associated microbiota. Different holobionts, such as the aforementioned pollinator and flower, clearly interact, but these interactions are not new to biology, as they form the basis for all past and present ecological investigations. They are simply holobionts themselves interacting with each other."
Q4b: My read of this has always been that I don't know why microbes should be viewed any differently than macrobes that have close associations with humans. The presence of worms can affect distributions of gut microbes across animal life. Macrobes can have just as much an effect on human evolution as microbes. Why the distinction? Is there a distinction? Is it because that humans/etc...are hosts for microbes? Humans are hosts for worms and mites over the course of their whole lives too. Worms and mites can show patterns of vertical inheritance just like microbes. Why are worms and mites "holobionts themselves interacting with one another"? Microbes inside of the microbiome interact within one another, and can be hosts to other microbes and viruses (see Bdellovibrio and prophage), why isn't each microbe itself a holobiont? <head briefly explodes>. There has to be a distinction somewhere along the way, and I'm still not getting it even after multiple discussions and reading the PLoS paper. Maybe I'm just prone to thinking everything in Biology is complex and worry too much about the specifics? Even so, there has to be a simple demarcation point going forward that delineates what the hologenome is.
A4b (SB): A4a applies here in addition to the salient difference that while worms live in and outside humans, the worm and human can live without themselves, but neither can live without their microbiomes. This is a key point for why the holobiont and hologenome stop at the host and its associated microbes. We as a community just haven't appreciated this aspect enough and there's far more science to delve into because of it.
A4b (KRT): I agree with SB's broader sentiment here, and will add that the hologenome concept explains (or seeks to explain) the evolution of animals and plants, organisms (i.e. holobionts) whose phenotypes are necessarily products of interactions between their own genomes and those of their symbiotic microbes. The concept does not explain the evolution of microbes.
Q5: What about microbes that are completely neutral to the hologenome? Are these incorporated into the concept (I assume they are)? I'm coining the term "junk microbes" here for these very special cases so that we can have all the fun of the ENCODE folks about arguing what percentage of the hologenome is composed of junk microbes. If you include "junk" microbes into the discussion, then the hologenome includes cases where selection doesn't act. Therefore, the hologenome idea would include post-reproductive stages of hosts as well, where (hand waving about grandmother's nurturing effects on evolution aside) the hologenome doesn't matter for evolution and is just there in the present time for the host. The microbes will of course still evolve with each other. Maybe one prediction is bacterial cheaters arising in older hosts? Just fuel for discussion, another added layer to think about whether selection is implicit in the concept of the hologenome (I don't think it is).
A5 (SB): Are we really on Q5? Wow :) To your first point, principle VIII and III is all about neutrality and selection in the hologenome. I think we're on the same page here. And this is an important point of the essay as the original holobiont and hologenome concepts did not distinguish between neutral and selected microbes.
A5 (KRT): Ah, see the "Microbiome Mutiny Hypothesis" (link).
Q6: "Antibiotic or axenic experiments in speciation studies must be routine". This doesn't make sense to me, even though I understand exactly where the data is coming from and why you say it. Speciation has never occurred in the absence of microbes in any eukaryote. Taking the microbes away is a completely unrealistic environment and wouldn't ever happen under natural conditions. I'd be on board with saying microbe swaps are necessary for speciation studies, but to me the axenic experiments don't tell you anything about speciation in naturo because it's artificial.
A6 (SB): Would you believe that you disagree with Jerry Coyne too, as he stated the same thing in his Nature review article in 1992! The axenic experiments will importantly tell the relative fraction of reproductive isolation phenotypes that are microbe dependent, something that is assumed by most speciation geneticists to be rare if you were to poll them. So, its a starting point to get us a "symbiotic heritability" if you will for the effects of symbionts vs. host genes on reproductive isolation traits. The microbe swapping is certainly a good next step, but the former is where we lack the most data right now and the easiest to do for wide-ranging systems.
Q7: Phylosymbiosis...Again, I completely get the concept in the broad sense, but this is another place the absolutely needs to be fleshed out. Different branches in the phylogeny should have their own microbiome signals. Where do you draw the line? Microbiomes can easily differ within a species. Microbiomes can easily differ within one individual within one species over time, sometimes in really random ways…….My further guess is that, like most coevolution studies, it's going to be hard to distinguish between co-evolution and (for lack of a better term) shared environments. Humans/chimps have largely divergent microbiomes, enough to see phylosymbiotic signals. I'm not sure that the same could be said for different species of lemurs on Madagascar because they all fill different niches. Correlations make things messy.
A7 (SB): The question of "where do you draw the line" of microbiome divergence between species for within species is both an experimental question that we're trying to answer right now and an intellectual question that scales just as well to good old fashion genes. The blurriness in transition from within to between species variation is evidence for evolutionary change over time rather than problematic. Phylosymbiosis is really only best done under "controlled" studies that avoid confounding issues of diet, gender, age, etc. That is why the Nasonia and Hydra studies stand out in my mind. We've got more data on other systems as well now. And its important to note here that phylosymbiosis does not equal coevolution. I think we've been pretty clear about this since its inception. I actually came up with the word phylosymbiosis precisely because the concordance between the host phylogeny and microbiome communities does not necessarily mean coevolution.
A7 (KRT): As the field biologist, or at least once upon a time field biologist, I will suggest that, while I agree with everything SB wrote, broad phylosymbiotic investigations in the wild have merit in that they reveal the extent of microbiota/microbiome variation among hosts in natural systems (descriptive data that are needed), and, if no host phylogenetic signal in symbiotic microbial community composition or structure is evident (while taking into account other host characteristics like diet, sex, etc.), then it strongly suggests that these host-microbial associations are not as pronounced and persistent as the holobiont and hologenome concepts posit.
Q8: I'm "in like" with the analogy to mitochondria and microbiomes, I'm not in love with it. You can lose some of your microbes and still be functional, you can't lose your mitochondria and still be a functional human. I think there is a fundamental difference, given phenotypic redundancy in the microbiome. Always willing to be proven otherwise:)
A8 (SB): Right…it's a gradient of dependency. I take the fact that certain microbes can be lost, but some microbes are required as a compelling reason for why the holobiont and hologenome concepts are relevant and novel. We know that the microbes need to be there to some degree and with some specificity, but we also know that any given microbe many not be required. Fascinating!
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Michael Carter Mack Brown Dyami Brown Javonte Williams Josh Downs Cornelious Brown Brian Anderson Ty Chandler Shawn Elliott Jordan Tucker Sam Howell Sports College football Football College sports
North Carolina ACC Georgia State Sun Belt
No. 24 UNC looks to regroup at home against Georgia State
By AARON BEARD - Sep. 09, 2021 02:03 PM EDT
North Carolina quarterback Sam Howell (7) is sacked by Virginia Tech's Chamarri Conner (22) during the first half of an NCAA college football game Friday, Sept. 3, 2021, in Blacksburg, Va. (Matt Gentry/The Roanoke Times via AP)
Sam Howell and North Carolina didn't open with the high-powered offense from the past two seasons.
Instead, the quarterback and the 24th-ranked Tar Heels host Georgia State on Saturday night aiming to regroup from a loss and an unexpectedly rough offensive showing. The Tar Heels managed 10 points at Virginia Tech for their worst output in 26 games during Mack Brown's second coaching stint in a performance plagued by shaky line protection, no sustained running game and a lack of multiple reliable receiving threats.
"I think we all just kind of needed a reality check," Howell said. "I think we weren't really ready to go in there and win a football game, and they exposed that."
The Tar Heels (0-1) had their first preseason top-10 ranking in 24 years, but that came despite losing NFL skill-position draftees like Javonte Williams, Michael Carter and Dyami Brown.
The first test without them didn't go well.
A veteran offensive line surrendered six sacks of Howell, who had the first three-interception game of his career. And none of UNC's receivers generated much separation outside of Josh Downs (nine catches for 132 yards and a touchdown).
"Offensively we've got to pick it up, we've got to do better," Brown said. "We've been running up and down the field here for two years and that didn't happen on (Friday) night. … We know the concerns. We've got to fix them."
Georgia State (0-1) has its own opening-week frustrations. The Panthers from the Sun Belt Conference lost 43-10 at home against Army, surrendering 258 yards rushing to the Black Knights' option attack. The offense, returning all 11 starters, managed 177 yards after closing last year with three straight 30-point outputs.
"It was disappointing to say the least how we went out there and performed," Georgia State coach Shawn Elliott said, adding: "We all are at fault in that loss on Saturday. Let's accept that and then we'll move on. I think we're all in agreement."
Some other things to know about Saturday's Georgia State-UNC game:
BIG GAMES
Georgia State has a marquee win against a power-conference opponent in its recent history: a 38-30 win at Tennessee to start the 2019 season. In addition to facing UNC, the Panthers have another big-name opponent this year by visiting Auburn on Sept. 25.
Georgia State quarterback Cornelious Brown IV will be key to the Panthers' hopes of bouncing back.
The dual-threat quarterback threw for a high of 372 yards last year to close the regular season against Georgia Southern, part of a year that included 17 passing touchdowns and seven more on the ground. But he threw for 129 yards and an interception against Army while also finishing with minus-27 rushing yards after being sacked three times.
The Tar Heels need better play from their offensive line, though it didn't help that top center Brian Anderson played only a handful of snaps as he returned from a lower-body injury.
"For our first game, it wasn't really a positive session in the film room," lineman Jordan Tucker said.
That includes opening holes for Tennessee graduate transfer Ty Chandler at running back. He got just six carries through the first three quarters against Virginia Tech.
PREP WORK
Georgia State faces quite a change defensively by going from Army's run-heavy approach to facing the Tar Heels' Howell-led attack. But Elliott said his team worked more on facing spread offenses since those are more common on the schedule, and facing UNC will be more familiar at least.
"I hate to say it, it's one game," Elliott said of Army. "We've got to be good against those other 11 offenses that are very, very similar."
The Tar Heels are the preseason favorite to win the Atlantic Coast Conference's Coastal Division but fell 14 spots in Tuesday's AP Top 25.
"I told them today in a weird way the pressure's off," Brown said. "We didn't respond to (being) No. 5 very well last year. We didn't respond to No. 10 very well last week. So we're still in the Top 25, and that would've been super two years ago. But go back to work. Go back and have fun."
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/college-football and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25. Sign up for the AP's college football newsletter: https://apnews.com/cfbtop25
Follow Aaron Beard on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/aaronbeardap


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McDowell confident of completing his Augusta 'Puzzle'
Bernie McGuire
Graeme McDowell (Photo by Hector Vivas/Getty Images)
Graeme McDowell is confident his form will be good enough over the next month to be rewarded with an invitation to contest the Masters.
McDowell jumped 57 spots to World No. 47 in capturing the recent Saudi Invitational but in the ensuing month he's dropped three spots to be ranked No. 50 coming into this week.
And if GMac is to join Rory McIlroy and Shane Lowry from April 9th to 12th at Augusta National he needs to be top-50 on March 30th.
"Augusta's the only moving piece of the puzzle the next couple months," he said.
"I love Augusta. It is my favorite course in the world. It doesn't love me very much, though. And I would love to be there. I want to see my kids in boiler suits. That's kind of the visual. I haven't had a chance to do the Par-3 Contest with my kids yet because I haven't played the last few years.
"So, I want to have the kids up at Augusta this year. That would be fun. But like I say, it's not going to change my life here in the short-term.
"I have a great schedule playing this week here at Bay Hill, the Players Championship, the Match-Play and the Valero Texas Open the week prior the Masters.
"I've then got the PGA Championship, the US Open, the WGC in Memphis and hopefully The Open, so in the right place."
McDowell tees-up in this week's Arnold Palmer Invitational having enjoyed two second place results at Bay Hill and also has shaken off the illness that spoilt last month's WGC – Mexico Championship campaign.
"I had a really heavy head cold that week of Mexico and being at altitude I just didn't feel all that well but it was important I teed it up," he said.
"I then hit the reset button and got better, so it was good to get it out of the system while it was great being back home because I've hardly been home at all this year.
"I started this year with two weeks in Hawaii, two weeks over in the Middle East playing Dubai and Saudi and then after Mexico we went on a family vacation before I headed to Mexico City.
"In hindsight, I probably should not have played Mexico but in hindsight we would all be billionaire's or lying back on a beach somewhere.
"It's great also to be back here at Bay Hill as the Arnold Palmer has been good to me because when I bought my house at Lake Nona, I finished second the week after.
"I met my wife here in Orlando and my children were born here. I am a business owner here and this is my home event, so I enjoy living here in Orlando."
McDowell is being joined at this week's Arnold Palmer by former champion, Rory McIlroy and European Ryder Cup Captain, Padraig Harrington.
McIlroy, as World No. 1, heads a Bay Hill field boasting 13 of the world's leading 25 players.
IRISH TEE TIMES —-Irish time
Padraig Harrington – 11.57am
Rory McIlroy – 12.54pm
Graeme McDowell – 5.33pm


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Related Post "New Format of Resume"


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Q: Send a notification to my iPhone when a website's content changes I would like to be notified quickly (ideally within an hour) if a certain website (that is not under my control) changes. Any changes to the HTML should trigger a notification.
Since I am not always monitoring my email but I have my iPhone on me most of the day, I am probably looking to receive a push notification or SMS message once that happens.
Any recommendations for an app or service that can help me with that? I am willing to pay for it.

A: Urlooker offers paid plans that monitor for changes up to as frequently as every 30 minutes and has email notification built in. You can monitor the whole page or selected elements only.
Urlooker offers integration with Zapier and ifttt if you prefer actions offered by those platforms to be triggered.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The first six months of painting are over. It was a time of tremendous creativity, inside and out. The vigor of the seasons, spring and summer were so easy to portray. Six months ago the trees outside my window looked almost as they do today, somewhat bare with little bits of color - green then, yellow now. The days are short and getting shorter. It's getting colder and more difficult to be optimistic as we're all reminded of the end of things comfortable and bright.


Dress your home in fancy free fall fun with this lovely scarecrow stake! Dressed in a lovely leaf orange shirt with a hair bow to match, the scarecrow greets your house guests and loved ones with a smile. Her sturdy wooden stake allows her to travel around your yard, garden or front porch, spreading harvest cheer wherever she goes.


text:
package com.ev34j.core.sensor;

import com.ev34j.core.utils.Ev3DevFs;

import java.io.File;

import static com.ev34j.core.sensor.ModeType.TOUCH;
import static com.ev34j.core.sensor.SensorValue.VALUE0;

/**
 * Lego EV3 Touch sensor

 * The analog EV3 Touch Sensor is a simple but exceptionally precise tool that detects when its front button is pressed or released.
 *

 * *
 *

 *

 *

 * Supported modes
 *

 *

 * Mode name
 * Description
 * unit(s)
 * Getter
 *

 *

 * Touch
 * Detects when its front button is pressed
 * Binary
 *  {@link #getTouchMode() }
 *

 *

 *

 *

 *

 *

 * See  Sensor Product page
 * See  The
 * leJOS sensor framework
 * See  The UART Sensors
 * See {@link lejos.robotics.SampleProvider leJOS conventions for
 * SampleProviders}
 *

 *

 */
public class TouchSensor
    extends GenericSensor {

  public TouchSensor(final Class<?> deviceClass,
                     final SensorPort sensorPort,
                     final DriverType driverType,
                     final ModuleType moduleType) {
    super(deviceClass, sensorPort, driverType, moduleType, true);
    this.assignSensorModes(new TouchMode(this.getDevicePath()));
  }

  public boolean isPressed() {
    final SensorMode mode = this.getTouchMode();
    float[] vals = new float[1];
    mode.fetchSample(vals, 0);
    return vals[0] > 0;
  }

  /**
   * Lego EV3 Touch sensor, Touch mode

   * Detects when its front button is pressed
   *

   *

   * Size and content of the sample

   * The sample contains one element, a value of 0 indicates that the button is not presse, a value of 1 indicates the button is pressed.
   *

   *

   *
   * @return A sampleProvider
   * See {@link lejos.robotics.SampleProvider leJOS conventions for
   * SampleProviders}
   */
  public SensorMode getTouchMode() { return this.getSensorMode(TOUCH); }

  private class TouchMode
      extends SensorMode {

    private TouchMode(final File devicePath) {
      super(TOUCH, devicePath, VALUE0);
    }

    @Override
    public void fetchSample(final float[] sample, final int offset) {
      switchMode(this.getModeType());
      sample[0] = Ev3DevFs.readFloat(this.getSensorPath(offset));
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I help people to see the value in themselves so they can feel confident from within and accept who they are without judgement or criticism. Discover your unique purpose and watch your relationships grow stronger, be seen and not feel insecure about it, find ways to implement your purpose and get paid for it, and uncover what is getting in the way of having more time and energy to end the negative mindset for good.
I don't know a whole lot of people who like change. I guess that's because as humans, it is common to want what we want, when we want it. But the mind and body don't work that way. If you have ever made a decision about what you wanted in the past, and didn't get it, you know what I am talking about. What gets in the way is what I work with people to change.
If you ever want to change a habit in life, you have to change on an emotional level first. For example, it's like when you have to work the day you leave before vacation and you already anticipate feeling really good so that no matter what drama's are unfolding there it doesn't drag you down because you have already changed your energy in your body to match vacation vibes. Same is true when you want to unravel a certain behavior. You must train yourself to feel the way your future self wants to feel as if it is happening now. If it sounds complicated, it's not. I can teach you how.
I am a practitioner in Cellular Expansion and Healing and the miracles that happen in those sessions are what is preparing the body emotionally for your new way of being in the future. I use a combination of modalities to de-clutter the old, "stuck" emotions of the past and teach you how to get what you want in the future on an emotional level first. Then we can work on changing the mindset of beliefs to support you to becoming this new version of yourself. Whether it is becoming disease free or just wanting more money in the bank, you can learn how to train yourself if you are willing to do the work.
So the good news is you don't have to become anything. You already are a perfect fit for the desired outcome that you want. That is relieving to know!
Through the years, what I have observed in people is their ability to release old doubts that show up as guilt, frustration, anger, or sadness, in the body. This is what was causing them to freeze and get stuck. They take one step forward and three steps back. But once they understood that and how those emotions held them back from having what they want in the future, they were able to let them go and watch their lives change for the better.
You can also follow me on Instagram or Facebook under Laura Pickens Coaching and message me there if you would like.


A charismatic, fascinating 1965 Capitol Records promotional store display, with moving parts, for The Beatles' new album at the time, the soundtrack to their Help! movie.
This Help! promo store display is enthusiastically discussed by long-time Fab Four fanatic Pete Howard. That's me, and you can contact me at pete@postercentral.com or by dialing (805) 540-0020. And remember that I willingly pay TOP DOLLAR IN THE HOBBY, bar none, for vintage Beatles Capitol Records retail store displays like this.
This entry was posted in *Beatles, British Invasion, Promo Posters & Displays. Bookmark the permalink.
I can't believe my eyes, I never was aware of this one (I'm a second gen fan, born in '69 to 20-year old Beatle fanatics).
As far as the "production" of this particular video…….this one gets the Oscar! For special effects, perfectly timed! What a fun piece! Really got a kick out of this one!


text:
Here's how personalized brain stimulation could treat depression
Implants that track and optimize our brain activity are on the way.
An rTMS session (repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation) in the Depression Centre, Paris, France. A depressed patient receives a daily session for a 10-day period. TMS delivers magnetic impulses to the left prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain linked to depression, in order to stimulate the nerve cells.
This article is from The Checkup, MIT Technology Review's weekly biotech newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Thursday, sign up here.
Sending a jolt of electricity through a person's brain can do remarkable things. You only have to watch the videos of people with Parkinson's disease who have electrodes implanted in their brains. They can go from struggling to walk to confidently striding across a room literally at the flick of a switch.
Stimulating certain parts of the brain can bring people in and out of consciousness. Even handheld devices that deliver gentle pulses to the brain can help older people remember things.
Brain implants could be the next computer mouse
What the world's fastest brain-typist is telling us about the future of computer interfaces.
We might be able to use a similar approach to lift our moods—something that could be life changing for people with disorders like depression. And we're not just talking about general brain zaps—the goal is to create personalized devices that track your brain activity and optimize it.
We already use brain stimulation to treat mood disorders. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used since the 1940s. Despite its terrible reputation, helped in no part by disturbing portrayals as in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, ECT can be a lifeline for some.
Newer forms of brain stimulation appear to help treat mood disorders too. Surgically implanting an electrode deep inside the brain to deliver pulses of electricity can help some people with depression; it is considered a "promising" treatment. And a noninvasive approach, using magnetic fields to influence brain activity, has been approved to treat major depressive disorder in the US.
But none of these treatments are perfect. And they don't work for everyone. A better approach might be to tailor brain stimulation to individuals. After all, we each have unique brains that develop and mature as we get older, and the patterns of activity in our brains change over the course of a day, along with our moods. Wouldn't it be better to work out what is happening in a person's brain at any given moment, and tweak brain activity accordingly?
That's the goal of Maryam Shanechi at the University of Southern California, who described the progress she's made so far at the recent virtual Technologies for Neuroengineering conference.
It's exciting stuff. A few years ago, Shanechi and her colleagues made headlines with their "mood decoder"—a tool that enabled them to work out how a person was feeling by tracking brain activity. The team recorded activity in the brains of volunteers with epilepsy, who already had electrodes temporarily implanted to allow doctors to investigate the source of their seizures.
The smartphone app that can tell you're depressed before you know it yourself
Analyzing the way you type and scroll can reveal as much as a psychological test.
Shanechi and her colleagues asked seven such volunteers to fill out questionnaires describing their mood, and how it changed throughout the day, over several days. This allowed the researchers to match patterns of brain activity with different moods.
The resulting mood decoder enabled the researchers to identify how each of the volunteers was feeling on the basis of readouts from the electrodes in their brains. In theory, it should be possible to apply this technology more widely, allowing us to peek into the minds and well-being of people with mood disorders.
Now Shanechi and her colleagues are working to create what they call a "closed loop" system. It's a device that tracks brain activity, recognizes when things are going awry, and automatically stimulates the brain to bring things back to "normal"—whatever that might be for any individual. This should help users regulate their moods. "The idea is that you would be able to personalize the therapy to the person's needs," Shanechi says.
For the time being, the team is working on developing computer models that can make sense of brain recordings. Any device needs to be able to not only decode mood, but figure out the best way to restore beneficial brain activity for an individual.
Eventually, Shanechi hopes, such models could be used alongside wireless brain electrodes. There's tantalizing evidence that it could work, demonstrated by a woman called Sarah. A team at the University of California, San Francisco, implanted a similar closed-loop system to track a specific pattern of brain activity that seemed to become apparent when Sarah's depression symptoms were particularly bad. Not exactly a mood decoder, but a "neural sensor." The device would then deliver a pulse of electricity.
And it seemed to work. As Sarah said at a press conference last year: "My depression has been kept at bay, and that's allowed me to start rebuilding a life that's worth living."
My colleague Charlotte Jee covered Sarah's story in more detail last year.
Brain stimulation has been explored for so many brain functions. Noninvasive stimulation can even improve the memory of older people, as demonstrated in a study I covered.
Earlier this year, I wrote about a "memory prosthesis"— a set of implanted electrodes designed to mimic the way the brain creates memories
Brain electrodes tend to be rigid and can trigger the development of scar tissue in the brain. So scientists are working on soft mesh versions, Julia Sklar reported in 2016.
Nathan Copeland, who uses a brain implant to control a computer, wants to play mind-controlled Pong against a monkey equipped with a similar implant, as Antonio Regalado reported last year.
From around the web:
Following on from recent warnings of a covid and flu "twindemic," some are now warning of a "tripledemic,": cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been rising in the US. (New York Times)
But a vaccine could be available as soon as next year, according to pharmaceutical company Pfizer, which released promising trial results on Tuesday. (Washington Post)
What it's like to be "taken away" to a covid detention center in China. (Financial Times)
Research has revealed another issue with the pig heart that was transplanted into a man at the start of this year. Not only was it infected with a pig virus, but it also took longer to generate a beat than a typical human or pig heart. (Wall Street Journal)
The largest ever trial of psilocybin for depression suggests that while the psychedelic might help some people, its effects are not as durable as hoped. (STAT)
Research suggests that monkeypox can spread before symptoms appear. (The Guardian)
by Jessica Hamzelou
These scientists used CRISPR to put an alligator gene into catfish
The resulting fish appear to be more resistant to disease and could improve commercial production—should they ever be approved.
Next up for CRISPR: Gene editing for the masses?
Last year, Verve Therapeutics started the first human trial of a CRISPR treatment that could benefit most people—a signal that gene editing may be ready to go mainstream.
CRISPR for high cholesterol: 10 Breakthrough Technologies 2023
New forms of the gene-editing tool could enable treatments for common diseases.
This biotech startup says mice live longer after genetic reprogramming
The result is a widely anticipated landmark for rejuvenation technology.
Antonio Regaladoarchive page


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I haveattempted to open theUCF by double-clicking on the ".ucf" source, but this opened up the constraints editor.
How do you open the ".ucf" filein text editor?
In ISE 10 and earlier, a UCF could be opened in the designated text editor by double-clicking on the UCF file in the design view.
In ISE 11 and later, toopen the ".ucf" in the text editor, select the ".ucf" in the Design Hierarchy window and in the processes window, expand "User Constraints" and double-click on "Edit Constraints (Text)".


Vikki Bird Designs: Panic stations!
Tomorrow is the first of November, and yet another month has disappeared. I have no idea where this year has gone, but Christmas is rapidly approaching.
As a knitwear designer, a lot of my Christmas knitting is done in mid-summer, but those Christmas knits are for magazines, and I don't necessarily have them back in time for me to use them for Christmas, which is fine, but it does mean that every year I hit November 1st and have a little panic about the fact that I have not started the Christmas knitting, and that seven weeks isn't long to get all the things (including three pairs of socks, a jumper for each of my children, and Christmas decorations for friends, which have rolled over from last year, plus several other things that will crop up along the way) that I have in my head actually knitted.
So tomorrow the Christmas knitting begins in earnest. I'm starting with socks for me (in the fab Elf strips from Unbelievawool). That'll help the panic, right?!
Does anyone else knit for Christmas? What are your go-to present knits?
Crocheted snowflakes! I've made hundreds and turned them into garlands as impromptu decorations. I am sure my office will appreciate them. If they don't, tough! Other than that, I am sock knitting, and my list is nowhere near as long as yours! Oh, and a couple of Edward's Menagerie animals, but they're quite quick, I hope!
I love the idea of croheted snowflake garlands, send them to me if your office mates don't appreciate them!
I am doing full-blown procrasti-knitting at the minute, so Christmas projects are making even less progress that I thought they might! But I will have a lovely scarf soon.


text:
408-905-9422 gtroxell@protonmail.com
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Last Sunday after Pentecost (C)
2016-11-19T00:02:00+00:00November 14th, 2016|Lectionary Series, Year C|0 Comments
Christ the King | Proper 29 | Year C
Our Gospel reading this week, Luke 23:33-43, begins in Section 163 on Christ's Journey to Golgotha and concludes in Section 164 which focuses on Jesus' first three hours on the Cross. As you'll see in the white space within the Harmony of the Gospels there's must more to "the rest of this story" here and many more within the souls of the redeemed who are together worshiping Christ the King!
Within the chronology of the Harmony of the Gospels this passage falls on Good Friday so we encourage you to bookmark our Holy Week Mini-Series. Use this series as a Christian formation resource for your small groups, youth group, Sunday school or Bible study next Spring. Be sure to use the new virtual reality, short films, and prayer rooms to help each member of your group see the Holy Land up close in this study.
Note: This week concludes Year C. Take a look at the Gospel Lectionary as you begin to prepare your Bible study series for Year A.
Collect: Almighty and everlasting God, whose will it is to restore all things in your well-beloved Son, the King of kings and Lord of lords: Mercifully grant that the peoples of the earth, divided and enslaved by sin, may be freed and brought together under his most gracious rule; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.
Parsing the Collect – by The Rev. Rob Eaton, Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd in Hemet, CA (used by permission)
Section 163 | Journey to Golgotha 1
31 When they had mocked him, they took the robe off him, and put his clothes on him,2 and led him away to crucify him. 32 As they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name, and they compelled him to go with them, that he might carry his cross.
33 When they came to a place called "Golgotha", that is to say, "The place of a skull," 34 they gave him sour wine to drink mixed with gall. When he had tasted it, he would not drink.
20 When they had mocked him, they took the purple off him, and put his own garments on him. They led him out to crucify him. 21 They compelled one passing by, coming from the country, Simon of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to go with them, that he might bear his cross.3
22 They brought him to the place called Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, "The place of a skull." 23 They offered him wine mixed with myrrh to drink, but he didn't take it.
Luke 23:26-33a
26 When they4 led him away, they grabbed one Simon of Cyrene,5 coming from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it after Jesus.6 27 A great multitude of the people followed him, including women who also mourned and lamented him. 28 But Jesus, turning to them, said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, don't weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29 For behold, the days are coming in which they will say, 'Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.'7 30 Then they will begin to tell the mountains, 'Fall on us!' and tell the hills, 'Cover us.' 31 For if they do these things in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?" 32 There were also others, two criminals, led with him to be put to death. 33a When they came to the place that is called The Skull,
John 19:16b-17
16b So they took Jesus and led him away. 17 He went out, bearing his cross,
to the place called "The Place of a Skull", which is called in Hebrew, "Golgotha",
Section 164 | First Three Hours of the Crucifixion
35 When they had crucified him, they divided his clothing among them, casting lots, 36 and they sat and watched him there.
37 They set up over his head the accusation against him written, "THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS."8
38 Then there were two robbers crucified with him, one on his right hand and one on the left.
39 Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, 40 and saying, "You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!" 41 Likewise the chief priests also mocking, with the scribes, the Pharisees, and the elders, said, 42 "He saved others, but he can't save himself. If he is the King of Israel, let him come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him. 43 He trusts in God. Let God deliver him now, if he wants him; for he said, 'I am the Son of God.' " 44 The robbers also who were crucified with him cast on him the same reproach.
24 Crucifying him, they parted his garments among them, casting lots on them, what each should take.
25 It was the third hour, and they crucified him. 26 The superscription of his accusation was written over him, "THE KING OF THE JEWS."9
27 With him they crucified two robbers; one on his right hand, and one on his left. 28 The Scripture was fulfilled, which says, "He was counted with transgressors."
29 Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ha! You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, 30 save yourself, and come down from the cross!" 31 Likewise, also the chief priests mocking among themselves with the scribes said, "He saved others. He can't save himself. 32 Let the Christ, the King of Israel, now come down from the cross, that we may see and believe him."
Those who were crucified with him also insulted him.
Luke 23:33b-34, 38, 35-37, 39-43
33 When they came to the place that is called The Skull,10 they crucified him there with the criminals, one on the right and the other on the left.11 34 Jesus said, "Father,12 forgive them,13 for they don't know what they are doing."14
Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.15
38 An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: "THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS."16
35 The people stood watching.
The rulers with them also scoffed at him, saying, "He saved others.17 Let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen one!" 18 36 The soldiers19 also mocked him, coming to him and offering him vinegar, 37 and saying, "If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!"
39 One of the criminals who was hanged insulted him, saying, "If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!" 40 But the other answered, and rebuking him said, "Don't you even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation? 41 And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward for our deeds,20 but this man has done nothing wrong." 42 He said to Jesus, "Lord, remember me when you come into your Kingdom." 43 Jesus said to him, "Assuredly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."21
John 19:18, 23-24, 19-22, 25-27
18 they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the middle.
23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. 24 Then they said to one another, "Let's not tear it, but cast lots for it to decide whose it will be," that the Scripture might be fulfilled, which says, "They parted my garments among them. For my cloak they cast lots." Therefore the soldiers did these things. 19 Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. There was written, "JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS." 20 Therefore many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, "Don't write, 'The King of the Jews,' but, 'he said, I am King of the Jews.'" 22 Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
25 But there were standing by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 Therefore when Jesus saw his mother, and the disciple whom he loved standing there, he said to his mother, "Woman, behold your son!" 27 Then he said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother!" From that hour, the disciple took her to his own home.
Group Dialog:
How do you feel about the suffering which Jesus experienced?
Why was Jesus' Crucifixion essential to the reconciliation, well-being, and fortitude of every believer?
Earlier in Phase 5b (Mt 10:38, 16:24, Sections 70b, 83) Jesus says that every disciple must "take up their cross". How is this to be interpreted in this day and age?
Is Simon's story similar to you own? Did you come to be a disciple unwittingly, unintentionally or did you seek Him out as did John and Andrew (John 1:35-51, Section 28) and Saul/Paul (Acts 9:1-19; Gal 1:13; 1Tim 1:13-16)?
What questions (or fears) do you have about death, salvation, and your own eternal destiny? If you feel confident, please share how the grace of God and your understand of Scripture has resulted in such peace, confidence, and anticipation.
As we conclude Year C and the Season after Pentecost, how will this lesson affect your thinking as we enter Advent and Year A.
Study Notes:
St. Jerome (342-420 AD), who lived in Bethlehem during the later part of his life, reported that there were countless pilgrims from all over the world who arranged to take a pilgrimage following the Way of the Cross. Due to the expense, and dangers caused by Muslim oppression, Pope Benedict XIV in 1742 exhorted all priests to provide Stations of the Cross within the church. The stations recreated the same 14 stations visited by Christ during the last week of his life helping members participate in Christ's passion. Take a look at this map which includes links to a series of videos from each of the stations, including the via Dolorosa.
Usually those criminals who would be crucified were marched naked through the streets to add to their humiliation, Jesus seems then to have been afforded some added respect (or mockery as the "King of the Jews".
Jesus would be carrying the horizontal crossbeam of the cross called the patibulum. It ranged in weight, but the average would have been about 100 pounds. The vertical part of the cross, called the stipes, would have already been at the top of the hill waiting for the criminal carrying the patibulum to arrive. There the two parts would be attached with the criminal nailed to them both, and then the cross would be dropped into the hole offering some additional pain and physical damage to the criminal to aid in their suffering.
There would have been one centurion in charge of the crucifixion. Traditionally, he would march in front of the criminal. In front and behind of the criminal were two additional soldiers whose job it was to make sure there would not be any escape or abduction of the criminal. Another soldier would march to the right of the criminal while carrying the titulus (the sign) inscribed with the charges for which the individual was being crucified. Jesus' placard did not have an official charge for he had not broken any law, but they simply posted a statement, "King of the Jews" (Lk 23:38; Mt 27:37; Mk 15:26; Jn 19:19).
Simon was a Jewish man from the region of North Africa who was most likely in Jerusalem to observe the Passover (Acts 2:10). Mark 15:21 records that Simon had two sons, Alexander and Rufus. As Mark writes to a Roman audience, so does Paul in in which he also mentions Rufus by name in his greetings at the end of the letter (Romans 16:13). This indicates that these men most likely became Christians, no doubt inspired by their unintended involvement with Jesus this fateful day.
Naturally, after such a beating as he took (Section 162, Mt 27:27-30 and Mk 15:16-19) Jesus would have very little strength left to make this exhausting trek outside of the city and up to the hill. Its a one mile journey with an elevation gain of 144′ and as much as a 5% incline.
Jesus is prophesying about what will come about it 70 AD when the the army of Rome would destroy the Temple; and famine, slavery, and cannibalization would wrought the hearts of mothers whose children would be victims.
See Note #2
Also known as "Golgotha" – it was said that the rock formation of the hill looked similar to a skull, and this was the place that the Romans used to exhibit the worst of criminal, especially rebellious Jews, who were crucified as a public warning and show of authority.
See also Mt 27:38 and Mk 15:28 all three noting the fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 53:12. Download this PDF listing 365 Prophesies Fulfilled by Christ.
He is addressing God the Father, as Jesus himself is the only begotten Son of God (Jn 1:14, Section 2)
Jesus is here again fulfilling a priestly duty, a foreshadowing of his pleasure in heaven as our chief advocate, making intercession for us all – for all have sinned, knowingly and unknowingly. They (the Jews and Romans alike) did not comprehend, accept, or believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jews misinterpreted (or willfully ignored) the prophecies concerning him. The evil, injustice and atrocity of Jesus' conviction, punishment and death, was ultimately a prophetic fulfillment (Isa 42:1) for in his death there is atonement! If you're the slightest unclear or underwhelmed by the atonement of Christ please watch this video explanation provided by Dr. Ben Myers, teacher of theology at United Theological College, Sydney AUS. and visiting scholar at Fuller Seminary.).
Living out his own words of edification in lessons of forgiveness, mercy, and goodness to his disciples (Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27-28) See also: 1Pt 2:20-23, 3:9; 1Cor 4:12; Rm 11:30-31, 12:14. Finally, Remember that as Jesus told Pilate in the third phase of his judgment, none of this would not be able to occur it had not been the plan of God (Jn 19:11, Section 161)
Another fulfilled prophecy this one from Psalms 22:18. See Note #9.
For a complete list see: Jesus the Healer and His Miracles.
The "chosen one" equivalent to "the Messiah" – See: Isa 42:1; Mt 3:17, 12:18.
Most probably this is referring to the four soldiers who ushered him along the Via Dolorosa who also nailed him to the cross and set it in place. See: note #4
Gill points out in his commentary on this verse that they must have been judged as more than than thieves – perhaps murderers as well since "according to the law of Moses, theft was not punishable with death, but with a restoration, either double, or fourfold, or fivefold, according to the nature of it; see (Ex 22:1, 22:4)."
The Greek word here us paradeisos / παράδεισος (G3857) distinguishing the upper regions of the heavens which Jews thought (ref #1, #2) to be the temporary abode of pious souls (and those favored by God) would dwell until the resurrection. Yet we understand that those who die in faith will "be with Christ" immediately (Php 1:23, CR Jn 11:23-26)
"Study Guides", "Harmony Bible Index" and the "Harmony of the Gospels" herein are licensed by Greg Troxell, Founder of Harmony Bible Coop under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. No resale allowed. Attribution is required by law.


September 30, 2008, Garfield Heights, OH…As part of a continuing effort to better understand the effects of age and deterioration on the Interstate 90 Innerbelt Bridge, crews from the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) have closed one lane of traffic in each direction - as well as the Ontario Street entrance ramp to I-90 westbound - to allow for new detailed inspections of the 50-year-old structure.
Previous inspections of the Innerbelt Bridge have shown that the steel members are aging faster than expected. A new inspection report, due in the coming weeks, will include a 3-dimensional analysis of the structure. In addition, ODOT bridge inspectors are using an ultrasonic thickness gauge to determine how much strength the steel has lost due to deterioration.
In December, ODOT announced a $140 million major rehabilitation and preservation project to address the bridge deck, a deficient drainage system and supporting members for the outside lanes. ODOT continues to work with its Innerbelt partners on building consensus for the overall $1.1 billion Innerbelt Modernization Plan.
Over 119,000 vehicles use the bridge every day.


Wizard of Oz celebrates the accomplishments of our youngest dancers. This performance includes creative movement, combo, pre-jazz and pre-ballet students. Please double check the date and show for which you are purchasing tickets. Children age 2 and younger may sit on a lap. Children ages 3 and older MUST have a ticket. Babies in an infant carrier MUST have a ticket. If you need a seat, you must have a ticket. Parties with someone needing handicap seating should contact Kym at kym@gadance.com prior to purchasing tickets for their party intending to sit together.


Located just outside the Aurelian walls, south of the Gianicolo and southeast of Trastevere, the residential area of Monteverde is also known for its proximity to the beautiful Villa Pamphili park.
This bright and spacious apartment is set on the 4th floor of a building with elevator on Via dei Quattro Venti.
The unit features a large living room with sofa bed and dining table; a sliding door leads to the kitchen, equipped with utensils, utilities and dishwasher. There are two bedrooms, one double and one twin, and two bathrooms, one with tub and one with shower.
The unit also offers a nice furnished balcony, perfect for outdoor dinners and breakfast.
The area is perfectly connected to the center through public transport, and offers a great choice of restaurants and shops.
The unit also offers a nice furnished balcony, perfect for outdoor dinners and breakfast .


We humans are extremely visual creatures. Vision is such a dominant part of our lives that it often serves as a metaphor. We say, "I see," to express not only an immediate sensory experience but also deep understanding. We usually say, "It's great to see you again," even when what we really mean is "It's great to be with you again." The list of such figures of speech is very long indeed.
The vertebrates are the groups of animals that are the most similar to us. They include fishes, amphibians , reptiles, birds, and of course other mammals.
All vertebrates have eyes of the same basic design. For example, here is a green frog (Lithobates clamitans, Family Ranidae) surrounded by duckweed in a pond close to our house in Minnesota. The eye with its black pupil and golden iris is prominent. The disc just behind it is the ear.
Below, the photograph has been cropped to show the eye in greater detail.
Below is the head of a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Family Accipitridae), photographed at the National Eagle Center in Wabasha, Minnesota. Again the eye is prominent, and is marked by a black pupil surrounded by a colored iris.
Vertebrate eyes form a single image on the retina, a sheet of cells that covers about half of the back surface of the eyeball.
The optical elements that generate the image are the cornea, the outermost layer of the eye, and the lens that lies a little deeper. The bright reflections from the surface of the eyes you can see in the photographs above are reflections from the cornea. The cornea is a fixed-focus lens, whereas the lens proper can be made to change shape by means of tiny muscles and thereby to focus the image sharply on the retina. It is this lens that is susceptible to the image-blurring milkiness that we know as a cataract.
Between the cornea and the lens is the iris, a pigmented, muscular ring that can contract or relax to adjust the pupil, the opening through which light passes on its way to the retina. When the visual world is bright, the iris muscles constrict the pupil and allow less light to enter the eye. When the visual world is dim, the iris muscles act to expand the pupil and allow more light to enter. Adjusting the size of the pupil optimizes the sharpness of vision.
The pupil looks black because in back of the retina is a layer of cells that have black pigment in their interiors. The function of the pigment is to prevent light from bouncing inside the eye, thereby blurring the image.
Visual signaling in the retina starts in a layer of photosensitive cells, the rods and the cones, that generate electrical signals in response to changes in the amount of light that strikes them from moment to moment. These signals pass through three layers of nerve cells that process them and, finally, produce streams of impulses that travel along nerve fibers in the optic nerve all the way to the brain. These impulses inform brain cells about what is happening in the illuminated world around the eyes. It's up to the brain to interpret these streams of impulses and create visual experience.
In short, vertebrate eyes have a single pair of optical elements that form a single image that is projected onto single retina. They are often known as camera eyes. It is a good analogy. The cornea and lens correspond to the complex lens of a camera, and the retina corresponds to the film or, nowadays, to the semiconductor sensor. The rods and cones of the retina correspond to the pixels of the sensor. The iris corresponds to the diaphragm of the camera. The interior of the eye is black just like the interior of a camera and for the same reason, to minimize light scatter.
The eyes of insects, crabs, and many of their relatives in the phylum Arthropoda are built very differently from vertebrate eyes. Look at this dragonfly, an autumn meadowhawk (Sympetrum vicinum, Family Libellulidae), photographed at the Eastman Nature Center on the outskirts of Minneapolis. Here is the whole insect.
Below is the same photograph cropped to show more detail in the eyes.
Like vertebrate eyes, arthropod eyes are covered by a cornea. The white, oval spot you see on the lower eye of the dragonfly is a reflection of the sun from that eye's cornea. There are, however, many important differences between arthropod eyes like this and vertebrate eyes. These arthropod eyes have no single lens, no iris, no pupil, and no retina at the back. How can they even function as eyes? Yet, dragonflies are fierce and highly successful hunters. They capture small insects on the wing at high speed and with extraordinary accuracy, and they are guided in this prey-capture behavior by their eyes. Clearly, their eyes may be different from ours but they work extremely well.
The key difference visible from the outside is that instead of a single, large lens these eyes have a whole array of tiny lenses. For this reason, they are called compound eyes. You can see the tight pattern of such lenses in the photograph above, but they are much clearer in the picture below. This is a photograph of the cornea of the eye of a red rock crab (Cancer productus, Family Cancridae). The eye is situated on an extremely short eye stalk. The specimen is not a living crab but a molt that had been tossed up on the shore in Washington state.
Below, once again, is the photograph cropped to show more detail.
The appearance of the cornea varies with the angle of view and is quite instructive. In the two bright areas on the left, where the surface is seen in a glancing view, you can recognize that the cornea is formed of an array of tiny hexagonal facets. Each facet functions as an independent lens. Closer to the center of the eye, you are looking directly through each facet, through each tiny lens. In the molt there is no tissue behind the cornea, so you just see black.
If this were a living eye stalk and not a molt, behind each facet would be a tight, cylindrical array of cells, including central cells sensitive to light and, surrounding them, a sheath of cells containing black pigment. This arrangement is analogous to the rods and cones and to the black pigment cells of vertebrate camera eyes. Thus, behind each facet is what amounts to a separate micro-retina. As in all eyes, the role of the black pigment is to absorb stray light.
In large compound eyes there can be thousands of these microretinas behind thousands of corresponding corneal facets. Each one of them looks at the world from a slightly different angle. It is the job of the brain to assemble the electrical signals coming from all these different views into one coherent picture which the animal can use to guide its behavior. The necessary neural computation is a huge job, but in principle it is not different from a vertebrate brain assembling the signals coming originally from millions of rods and cones.
Their individual elements look out in many different directions at the same time. Some species have eyes covering a large part of the head, and each eye can keep track of more than a hemisphere of the world. This is very useful to a predator like a dragonfly that has to spot tiny prey in unpredictable locations.
Compound eyes are not terribly good at resolving fine details. However, they are excellent at detecting tiny and fast movements. This is useful in prey capture or predator evasion.
In short, compound eyes analyze the visual world differently than do camera eyes, but they serve the animals that have evolved them extremely well.
Snails, slugs, and octopuses are all members of yet another phylum, the Mollusca. Not all molluscs have eyes—clams and mussels, for example, do not, though scallops do. Octopuses, squid and their closest relatives have elaborate eyes that basically follow the camera design, but do so differently than do vertebrate eyes. Slugs and snails have much more rudimentary eyes and will serve as our final example.
Below you see one of the famous banana slugs of the Pacific Northwest, Ariolimax columbianus (Family Ariolimacidae) in the rainforest of the Olympic Peninsula. It has two sets of tentacles, both of them highly mobile and laden with sensory receptors. The upper tentacles each have a tiny black spot near the tip. These black spots are the eyes.
Here is a close-up view, this time not of a native banana slug but of an invasive European garden snail, Helix aspersa (Family Helicidae).
Each eye is situated immediately underneath a thin, protective tissue layer that is moist and transparent. A tiny, spherical lens fills the eyecup and concentrates the light onto the retina at the back. The usual black pigment layer in back of the retina keeps light from scattering inside the eye. Finally, the optic nerve passes through the full length of the tentacle to connect the photoreceptors of the eye to the snail's brain.
The visual capabilities of different snails vary, and those of garden snails are particularly poor. They primarily detect different levels of light in the environment, not the details of objects.Nevertheless, their eyes allow these snails to distinguish bright areas from dark ones, and thus to glide toward shade and shelter. For a slowly moving, grazing herbivore, even this rudimentary detection of the pattern of light in the environment is helpful and serves as an aid to survival and reproduction.
For a moment let's think about how this hypothesis about what the eyes of slugs and snails can see might be tested. A simple experiment would be to catch a snail or a slug, place it in a moist enclosure, and arrange for that enclosure to have a white card at one end and a black one at the other end. If the animal consistently moved either toward the white or toward the black card, you would have at least preliminary evidence that it could tell the difference from a distance. Try it!
Planet Earth is lit by the Sun. Almost all life depends on this light. Almost all organisms detect and respond to the light in one way or another. For animals, eyes analyzing an illuminated environment allow guided locomotion, the seeking of shelter, the capture of prey, social interactions without contact, and for us humans, the appreciation of art and the ability to read. Wonderful, isn't it!
I am so interested in the formation of eyes since my own retinal difficulties. Thanks for more info on other creatures' vision. I love your work, Johnny!
Thank you, Kit. I cherish having your support.
Elegantly clear, Johnny! My memory is that the famous physicist Richard Feynman, was fascinated by how eyes work.
Thanks, Sue. I expect you're right about Feynman, but of course he wasn't the only one. Vision is a huge field, has drawn people from many disciplines, and its luminaries have been awarded quite a few Nobel Prizes. Questions relating to visual perception were my own entry into neuroscience, way back as a sophomore at Swarthmore College!
Thanks, Marty. It was a novel experience to write about an area in which I actually have some training!
Your writing opens our eyes to the wonder of nature. Thanks for bringing us along for another amazing 'investigation'. I will try the experiment next time I find a slug!
We can publish your results on Nature's Depths!


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Four community groups in Renfrewshire are set to receive a share of over £45,000 in the next wave of funding from Renfrewshire Council's Community Empowerment Fund.
Councillors will consider applications from groups including The STAR Project and Paisley Opera at the Communities, Housing and Planning Policy Board next Tuesday (20 August).
Applications recommended for approval include a request from The STAR Project for £20,000 to create a new labyrinth in Fountains Gardens, Paisley. A community asset transfer for the labyrinth site is currently underway.
Other applications being considered include a request for £10,000 from the 18th Paisley & District (Coats) Scout Group to carry out a feasibility study to find a suitable location for a new purpose-built Scout group and community facility in Foxbar.
Foxbar Community Garden & Environmental Projects Group has applied for £10,000 to support the development of a business plan to create a community garden and local hub facilities on the site of the demolished St Paul's Primary in Foxbar.
And Paisley Opera has applied for £6,700 to carry out a community consultation and develop a business plan to create a rehearsal space and Community Hub in the East End of Paisley.
Councillor Marie McGurk, convener of the Communities, Housing and Planning Policy Board, said: "Renfrewshire is a thriving place, full of creative, passionate and innovative people and these project showcase that.
"We launched this fund in 2018 because we wanted to work with community groups and empower them to transform their local areas. I know these projects will make a big difference to their local areas and Renfrewshire if they are approved."
The £1.5million Community Empowerment Fund provides grants to community groups that want to take over ownership and the running of a publicly owned building or piece of land in their local area through Community Asset Transfer. It is currently in its sixth round of funding, with applications to the seventh round of the fund closing on Tuesday 3 September 2019.
Councillor McGurk added: "I would encourage anyone who is interested in taking ownership of a public building or piece of land in their local area and transforming it to apply to the Community Empowerment Fund. Your project could change the lives of people in your community."
For more information and to find out how to apply to the Community Empowerment Fund, visit http://www.renfrewshire.gov.uk/CommunityEmpowermentFund


Have you see this CGI trailer for The Witcher 3 yet? If not, then you have not see world's best CGI trailer yet. Just look at it. How awesome is this! I can't wait to get my hands on this game. Are you excited for it?


Dreams do come true. They are all the more sweet when you've had that dream since you were 14 years old (that's almost 25 years ago).
It's a little fuzzy, but I hope you can make it out.
Tickets are courtesy of Mr. Quimby's airline miles. Thank you honey.
Yaaay! So excited for you!
Woohoo! And you MUST visit Jean Paul Hevin. Best chocolatier in Paris. One store is super close to the Eiffel Tower.
I bet you can't wait for the end of June to arrive.
What amazing news! Can't wait to ready blog posts and see pictures.


text:
Sucha Beskidzka – stacja kolejowa w Suchej Beskidzkiej w województwie małopolskim. Według klasyfikacji PKP ma kategorię dworca turystycznego.

W roku 2021 stacja obsługiwała 150–199 pasażerów na dobę.

Historia
Galicyjska Kolej Transwersalna została otwarta w dniu 16 grudnia 1884 roku. Linia kolejowa do Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej została otwarta 22 grudnia 1884 roku. W miejscowości została wybudowana parowozownia. Po drugiej wojnie światowej w parowozowni stacjonowały górskie parowozy OKz32 kursujące z pociągami pasażerskimi na linii zakopiańskiej. Po zelektryfikowaniu szlaku do Zakopanego w lokomotywowni stacjonowały elektryczne zespoły trakcyjne EN71 wyprodukowane do kursowania na liniach górskich. We wrześniu 2008 roku w miejscowości została zorganizowana parowozjada.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Stacje i przystanki kolejowe w powiecie suskim
Transport w Suchej Beskidzkiej
Obiekty budowlane w Suchej Beskidzkiej

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Innovators of Today & Tomorrow Hosted by Now & Later 'The Long, Lasting Chew…the Taste Never Dies'
Now & Later presents a collection of tech dynamos who continue to transform how we live, work and play.
Driven by a boundless industry, unyielding perseverance, and visionary zeal, these professionals and entrepreneurs have repeatedly set and met these ambitious goals through the demonstration of technological innovation. From developing autonomous vehicles to financing revolutionary startups, these are changemakers you should know.
(Image: YouTube / AnitaB_org / Screenshot)
Aicha Evans, CEO, Zoox
Aicha Evans is reimagining personal transportation. Under the banner that "the future is for riders," her leadership of Zoox will produce autonomous vehicles that will create safer, cleaner, and more enjoyable experiences for all. Evans' personal and professional journey makes her ideally suited to drive this revolution. She grew up in Senegal and Paris and, as a child, idolized Marie Curie, dreaming of applying technology to one day influence positive change. Through hard work, laser-beam focus, and technical prowess, she quickly established herself as a tech powerhouse and rose to become senior vice president and chief strategy officer for Intel, the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer. After 12 years in that role, Evans joined the autonomous car technology company Zoox as the industry's first female African American CEO. Her bold pursuit of patents in this space caught the attention of Amazon, and in 2020 she led their acquisition of Zoox for $1.3 billion and currently heads the subsidiary. Her impact earned her a spot in the George Washington University Engineering Hall of Fame.
(Image: YouTube /
Moroccanoil / Screenshot)
Jessica O. Matthews, CEO, Uncharted
Jessica Matthews took an invention she created as part of an engineering class project as a 19-year-old junior at Harvard and used it to power nations across the globe. With a classmate, she pursued her passion for science and sports to create Soccket, a soccer ball that harnessed the kinetic energy generated during play to provide a source of renewable, off-grid power. That revolutionary portable generator spawned the development of a series of eco-friendly innovations to electrify parts of Africa and South America.
Today, Matthews, a dual citizen of the U.S. and Nigeria, has expanded Uncharted from an enterprising startup to an award-winning Platform as a Service company that "helps cities and developers reduce the cost and complexity of deploying and managing last-mile infrastructure." Throughout the past decade, Matthews has achieved a series of milestones, including the development of a series of patents and the implementation of an array of kinetic energy-generating vehicles like MORE (Motion-based, Off-grid Renewable Energy) and the energy-harnessing Pulse jump rope to serve major corporations and governments in Nigeria, Angola, Malawi, and Senegal, among others. In 2016, Matthews became the first Black woman at the time to raise $7 million in Series A financing, which was led by the NIC Fund with
participation from Kapor Capital, Magic Johnson Enterprises, BBG Ventures, and Lingo Ventures. The Harvard graduate has received numerous honors, including being named the BLACK ENTERPRISE Innovator of the Year in 2013 and later by Harvard University as "Scientist of the Year." Matthews continues to challenge world leaders about how they think about power generation and storage and fuels progress as a member of the Electricity Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of Energy.
(Image: YouTube / Rocket Lawyer / Screenshot)
Charley Moore, Founder & CEO, Rocket Lawyer
After graduating from the United States Naval Academy and Berkeley School of Law at the University of Southern California, Charley Moore hustled for years as an attorney and then CEO of a software company. Then Moore developed a concept to solve a huge problem for small businesses: an online service that would provide entrepreneurs with legal advice on an accessible and affordable platform. Launched in
2008, based on patented technology, his firm transformed how small and medium-sized companies and legions of individuals and families would gain help through digital legal documents, its proprietary RocketSign® digital signatures, attorney advice from anywhere, online incorporations, and more, at a fraction of wallet-depleting attorney fees. Moore's game-changing approach has been to innovate, invent and deliver modern, scalable cloud-based solutions to democratize access to justice. When he started San Francisco-based Rocket Lawyer, the relentless, hard-working entrepreneur took a risk by offering free services. The move paid off. To date, his venture has helped more than 25 million people with a range of legal issues.
Moore, a former internet law and business attorney for high-power Silicon Valley law firm WilsonSonsiniGoodrich & Rosati, received $40 million in venture funding from August Capital, Google Ventures (now GV), and Investor Growth Capital between 2009 and 2013 to finance the infrastructure and operations. In 2021, he announced "a major growth capital financing" of $223 million, led by Vista Credit Partners, a strategic credit investor and financing partner focused on the enterprise software, data, and technology markets. Based on a news release, "Rocket Lawyer and Vista will collaborate to scale the Rocket Legal Cloud
platform to meet the strong and accelerating demand for the company's natively digital tools of justice." Now, the capital infusion will drive Rocket Lawyer's further expansion into a global operation. Currently, clients in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and Brazil can gain access to its online services. Due to the company's innovation and growth, Rocket Lawyer has been ranked among the BE 100s – the nation's largest Black-owned businesses – in recent years. And Moore is influencing long-
lasting change as a board member of Tech for America (T4A), a platform for tech leaders to help tackle America's toughest public challenges.
Dez Blanchfield / Screenshot)
Marachel Knight, SVP, Strategic Program Realization, AT&T
Marachel Knight has transformed how our world communicates in the Digital Age. Among her roles at AT&T in recent years has been the acceleration of 5G, one of the most highly anticipated technology innovations in the 21st-century evolution. She led the telecommunications giant's full implementation of research, development, planning, and construction of the next generation of transformative mobile technology driven by connectivity, reliability, and speed. As one of BLACK ENTERPRISE's Most Powerful Executives in Corporate America, she has played a cutting-edge role within AT&T for over 20 years, holding myriad leadership positions in engineering, marketing, and technology operations. In her current role, she prioritizes a multibillion-dollar capital portfolio and delivers strategic initiatives, products, and services across the enterprise. In a previous position as senior vice president of Wireless Network Architecture and Design, Knight was charged with all facets of mobile device technology and tools.
Knight — a licensed professional engineer and certified project management professional with a master's degree in information networking from Carnegie Mellon University and a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Florida State University — also has two patents under her belt: Systems for Use with Multi-Number Cellular Devices and Messaging Forwarding System. She received the Black Engineer of the Year President's Award in 2013 and the Women of Color Professional Achievement Award in 2014. This innovator has also invested her time nurturing the careers of women and minorities both externally and internally. She has sat on the boards of the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering and After School Matters, as well as served as co-founder and national advisor of AT&T Women of Technology and national board advisor for oxyGEN, an AT&T employee resource group that seeks to attract, develop, and retain young professionals. In 2020, she was appointed to the board of Marvell (NASDAQ: MRVL), a leader in data infrastructure semiconductor technology.
(Image: LinkedIn / Dr. Paul Judge / Screenshot)
Paul Judge, Ph.D., Co-Founder and Partner, TechSquare Labs and Co-Founder and Executive Chairman, Pindrop
Paul Judge, Ph.D., a scholar and respected authority on web and information security issues, defines the term "serial entrepreneur." His brilliance, resilience, and tireless energy have led to the creation and financing of some of the most innovative companies within the tech space. Having received numerous accolades and developed some 30 patented and patent-pending computer security technologies, Paul co-founded Pindrop, an IT security provider using groundbreaking "phoneprinting" technology and voice biometrics to keep call centers secure and TechSquare Labs, an early-stage venture fund and incubator designed to help entrepreneurs "build companies from nothing." Across TechSquare Labs and his own investment firm Judge Ventures, Judge, who holds a B.S. in Computer Science from Morehouse College and received his Ph.D. and M.S. in Network Security from Georgia Tech, has now invested in more than 60 tech startups and inspiring the next generation of innovators.
Earning the title of the "Godfather of Atlanta Tech, he also served on the investment committee for the SoftBank Opportunity Fund, the $100 million fund launched by the financial leviathan in 2020 to fund companies founded by entrepreneurs of color and, according to Business Insider, he is currently raising a $300 million fund for tech companies in the Southeast to demonstrate that such startups can gain capital outside of Silicon Valley. Ever the nonstop go-getter, Judge has teamed with luminaries such as legendary civil rights leader Andrew Young, entrepreneur Ryan Glover, and rapper Killer Mike to launch Greenwood, a fast-growing digital banking platform for Black and Latinx individuals and businesses named for the North Tulsa, Okla., community that became known as "Black Wall Street" more than a century ago. As a Greenwood co-founder and board member, Judge was involved in the acquisition of Valence, the leading platform that connects, showcases, and empowers the Black professional community through recruitment and development services. Judge encourages bringing tech into all areas of culture and believes that if you don't experience some failure as you grind, "you aren't swinging hard enough."
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AuditOne simplifies, standardizes, and streamlines the process by which major consumer products companies conduct quality audits globally.
In cooperation with Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson, Unilever, L'Oreal, Estee Lauder and Kimberly-Clark, AuditOne plans to open this revolutionary process to all customers and suppliers creating a broad and far reaching integrated quality process for the FMCG/CPG Non-Foods Industry.
AuditOne works as a streamlining procedure so consumer products companies are able to conduct one uniformed audit, which will help consolidate the process. Previous to this type of auditing process, companies would be required to conduct individual (and multiple) audit programs to meet the standards of each customer.
In November, an audit was completed for Bell Middletown and the facility received the certification for EFfCI. The EFfCI certification was acquired to satisfy the major customers who participate in the AuditOne program. EFfCI GMP specifies Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines specifically constructed to cosmetic ingredients, also considering significant facets of guidelines being used to certify quality and safety within the production of cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients.