text:
Pilgrimage to Heart Mountain
After 74 years I made a personal pilgrimage to the site of the Heart Mountain War Relocation Center in Wyoming. The reason: My father had worked there as an architect and supervisor in the summer of 1942, constructing a makeshift prison for the thousands of Japanese Americans who would soon be forced to inhabit it.
Coming Home to Ashland, Oregon
The hero in Thomas Wolfe's 1940 novel, "You Can't Go Home Again," realized he couldn't go back to his home town because he had written such revealing things about its citizens that they greeted him with nasty letters and death threats. While I may have enjoyed complaining about Ashland's political underbelly, I haven't written the great exposé, and whenever I've visited, my friends have always said, "So when are you moving back?"
Losing Bacho
Sometimes the loss of a beloved pet is a strange sort of gift in that it brings up old losses that may have been floating beneath the surface for years, losses that are deeper and often more complex, losses that may need additional grieving. Losing Bacho has reminded me of the deaths of both parents and my relationships with them. And losing Bacho has naturally rekindled the grief of losing Jack.
Illness as Metaphor
Not long ago I had a first-hand experience of illness as metaphor. Suddenly I found that my sense of balance was completely out of whack. Moving my head made the world spin. As an audiologist I was quite aware of the irony of vertigo making me miss a meeting all about new discoveries in hearing science. But as a writer and a spiritual seeker, I was also aware of the metaphor. The frenetic pace of my recent weeks had thrown my whole system off balance. The metaphor was perfect.
Bringing Peace to the War on Cancer
After watching the recent Ken Burns documentary on PBS, Cancer, the Emperor of All Maladies, I felt the need to write about it, not so much because of its superb analysis of the history and state-of-the-art of allopathic cancer treatment, but because of what it left out.
Science and Mysticism
More than once, people have commented about some of the "far out" experiences I write about in my book, "An Uncommon Cancer Journey." I have always accepted these experiences without question. But recently I have thought about these experiences afresh in light of new scientific discoveries. It appears that quantum physics may provide some possible explanations.
The Labyrinth and Serious Illness
You may wonder why I chose the labyrinth for the Bacho Press logo. I felt that it was a very fitting symbol for the journey that Jack and I took toward healing. Its twists, turns, and seemingly false starts are characteristic of pilgrimages, especially when they involve life threatening illness. But they also resemble life's ordinary challenges.
With All the Illuminated Souls
Last weekend I attended a Sufi retreat in Seattle. We repeated the beautiful invocation several times during the retreat, selected phrases from it, and let those words penetrate deeply into our meditations. On Saturday night we had a party where people read poetry and sang songs. I read the chapter from my book where Jack and I had an astonishing experience at a gathering in Sieburg, a suburb of Bonn, Germany.
Interview with Alice Hardesty by Ed Battistella
My friend Ed Battistella is a popular author, writer, linguist, dean at Southern Oregon University, and an exceptional interviewer. He writes a blog called "Literary Ashland," where he posts his interviews, and he knows how to ask tough questions. He recently sent me a list of questions.
In this post I'm going to share something about my emotional condition during our adventure in healing, even though this is really more my husband's story than mine. But it seems that the hardships of the spouse or care-giving family members are often neglected. The feelings that arise in the cancer spouse/partner can be troublesome because they can be very negative, while the cultural expectation is that the care-giver is tireless, patient, and loving.
October 7, 2014 No Comments
The Cosmic Kick
The subtitle of my book, An Uncommon Cancer Journey, is The Cosmic Kick That Healed Our Lives. This phrase comes from a remark that my husband, Jack Hardesty, made about his gratitude for developing cancer. He called it his "Cosmic kick in the ass." It sounds astonishing that anyone would think of cancer with gratitude. And it can surely be a terrible tragedy. But to Jack it was a blessing.
The Healing Power of Art
Once he was well, Jack would say repeatedly that beauty was one of the most important ingredients of his healing. Whenever we travelled, we always made sure to go to the local art museum. It was while he was receiving treatment at the Janker Klinik in Bonn, Germany, that he developed the plan to open an art gallery some day, and several years later he did.
Death and grief (1)


text:
Sound Of The City
DJ Kit Login
Texas Monthly Article on Houston's Rap Scene 2013
Wreckshop Nation
by ANDY BETA
The new book "Houston Rap," makes it clear that by the time the city's rap scene began attracting national attention, its roots were already strong.
Hood Rich, Max's Candy Shop, 2006
In a 2006 episode of the television sitcom 30 Rock, the show's heroine, Liz Lemon, threw a one-minute dance party for some of her onscreen coworkers. Their song of choice? "Grown and Sexy" by the Houston rapper Chamillionaire. Hip-hop references were never uncommon on the show—guests have included LL Cool J and Ghostface—but that scene marked the peculiar moment when Houston hip-hop achieved nationwide status, not only on the Billboard charts, but in pop culture at large. Or perhaps that moment came a few weeks earlier, when "Weird Al" Yankovic released a parody of Chamillionaire and Krayzie Bone's "Ridin'," entitled "White & Nerdy."
Yet that success—which has only been strengthened over the years—has never really gone to the scene's head. An evocative new photography book Houston Rap (Sinecure Books) argues that by the time the Houston rap scene began attracting attention in 2005, "the foundations of the city's rap economy were so strong that little really changed." Shot by photographer Peter Beste and featuring interviews conducted by writer Lance Scott Walker, the book project began right before Houston rappers like Slim Thug, Chamillionaire, Mike Jones, and Paul Wall began to score nationwide hits. "I wanted to document the neighborhoods where many of the artists came from, most of which were being gentrified and changed by outside money at an alarming rate," said Beste, whose previous book looked at Norwegian heavy metal.
("Tiger Woods of the Hood," Fourth Ward, 2005)
When Houston's hip-hop scene developed in the early eighties it was vastly overshadowed by New York City and Los Angeles, the epicenters of the genre. And that remove worked to the music's benefit. "Houston developed their own take on the art form in the decades that they were left on their own with little outside attention," says Beste, who grew up in the city's suburbs. "This isolation gave them a fresh perspective and the opportunity to succeed on their own terms outside the major music industry." And despite Houston's unchecked sprawl, the scene developed a nurturing sense of unity. "In New York, you got the separate boroughs and the West Coast didn't have that camaraderie because of the Bloods and the Crips," said Bun B, the rapper who is the scene's unofficial eminence grise. "But in Houston we had a different level of solidarity. It didn't make any sense for us to be against each other when everybody else was against us."
Favoring a slower, more psychedelic sound than their contemporaries in the northeast and the west coast, Houston rappers often focused on topics like candy-painted cars, diamond-encrusted grills, and cough syrup-infused "drank." Underneath all that flash, though, one can often find an unsparing account of inner-city desperation. "The cars and chains and drank are what people see when they take a glance, but there are so many layers beneath that," Walker said. The book goes to great lengths to document the harsh realities of life in neighborhoods like South Park, Fifth, and Third Wards. "You get to look into the eyes of these people beyond the cars and jewelry," said Bun B, who wrote the book's introduction. "The photos are very stripped-down; you get to see the essence of the individuals. It's not the glitzy, camera-ready, politically correct side of hip-hop. It's a street level, behind closed doors access to the scene."
(E.S.G., Missouri City, 2005)
The figures portrayed in the book—who range from luminaries like Scarface, Devin the Dude, and Bun B's late partner Pimp C, to lesser-known rappers like Kyu Boi, E.S.G., and Klondike Kat—are almost invariably shot within contexts that bring into stark relief the city's inequities. Houston Rap is filled with shots of abandoned storefronts, run-down community centers, and low-rent strip clubs (which are crucial for breaking many regional rap hits). The text addresses various factors that afflict the African-American communities throughout Houston, ranging from the speculative real estate boom that has recently gentrified the Fourth Ward to health issues. "We lead the numbers in all of the bad statistics… the heart disease, the high blood pressure, all the cancers," says Justice Allah of the South Park Coalition in one of the book's dozens of interviews. "There's just nothing really in the neighborhood to make it convenient to have good health."
Beste says that over the course of the decade he spent working on Houston Rap, he was struck by "just how vicious and unrelenting the police state and the prison-industrial complex is in these neighborhoods. These kinds of neighborhoods are deliberately targeted to be disadvantaged by keeping them unhealthy and uneducated, and to fill the private prisons. If there's anything I want the average inner-city Houston resident to take away from this book, it's to empower themselves by learning that they don't have to fall into this trap."
(Macc Grace a.k.a. Dat Boy Grace 2008)
Source: Texas Monthly
Leave a Reply (Click here to cancel reply)
How to Be a Rap God
DJ Ready's Legacy
What Does Authenticity Mean in Rap Today, and Why Does it Matter?
5250 Brownway St #706
All rights reserved to Wreckshop Nation | Designed by hBoss Digital

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Popular Vermont pizza restaurant to close temporarily due to staffing issues
April Barton
Staff shortages brought on by the pandemic have caused one popular pizza place to close down until conditions can rebound.
Stone's Throw Pizza's Fairfax location is set to temporarily close starting Aug. 18, according to a social media post from the company.
The note signed "Allie, Silas and Tyler" said it was especially hard closing the Fairfax location because that is where they launched their pizza shop dream and the community where they now live. Stone's Throw Pizza also has locations in Charlotte and Richmond.
The message says that pre-pandemic the restaurant had 26 people on staff, but now they have been trying to make it work with half that — "thirteen thinly-spread battle-hardened employees."
And while the owners understand the industry can be challenging and some workers have decided to stay home to collect unemployment compensation, it has become too great a strain on the employees who have been working there.
"We care about the well-being of our staff, their sanity and the quality of product that they produce," the message reads. "At the end of the day, we cannot continue to do more with less and cannot continue to ask so much of so few."
What Stone's Throw is experiencing is echoed at restaurants across the area. Stowe Street Cafe recently closed for two days due to staff shortages, and restaurants including Church St. Tavern in Burlington have had to reduce hours.
With cooler temps closing outdoor dining and the delta variant surging, prompting more mask requirements, restaurants could be in for another tough fall season.
Contact reporter April Barton at abarton@freepressmedia.com or 802-660-1854. Follow her on Twitter @aprildbarton.


text:
Q: Flutter Touchable CanvasTouchDetector tap events not firing I am trying to add input to my canvas and have found the touchable library (found here: https://github.com/nateshmbhat/touchable) which is exactly what I am looking for, however the events do not seem to be getting fired in my code. I have set up my CanvasTouchDetector like so:
return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Lights'), centerTitle: true),
        body: CanvasTouchDetector(
            builder: (context) => CustomPaint(
                painter: LevelPainter(
                    switches: this._switches,
                    connections: this._connections,
                    context: context),
                child: Center(child: Container()))));

This uses my own custom painter class called LevelPainter, which has the function:
void _drawSwitch(TouchyCanvas canvas, Paint paint, Switchable switchable) {
    paint.style = PaintingStyle.fill;
    paint.color = Colors.grey;
    canvas.drawRRect(this._getRectForSwitchable(switchable), paint,
        onTapDown: (tapDetail) {
      print('SWITCH PRESSED');
    });
  }

This method gets called for all the switches which I am rendering on my canvas, however this print statement never seem to get output.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When you are looking at investing into your future, sometimes the costs can seem a little scary but there are options you can take to help kick-start your future and make your goals a possibility.
If you're looking beyond the funds of your course, you can also consider a government start up loan. You'll need to meet their criteria but can be eligible for loans between £500 and £25000, which can be paid back at a rate of 6% over 1 to 5 years. Find out more here.
Have a look if there are any local business enterprises in your area that offer start up loans to new SME (small-medium) businesses. Often these business enterprises will also have mentors who can help advise and support you in your early days.
Some students have been successful in paying for all or part of their course with a low interest credit card.
Websites such as experian.co.uk and clearscore.com will do a credit search on you to match you to credit cards and loans.
The Credit Union is another form of loan. Your repayment rates (including APR) are based on your credit score.
So you've decided to make the decision to embrace a career in dog grooming. This is an amazing step but now it is just as important to be aware of the investment that you can put into your career.
This might require planning and forward thinking and with the right commitment, can lead to a highly successful career. This document will breakdown the basic areas of costs and also allow you to think slightly beyond the course and into the next stage of your journey.
For more specifics, please visit our Course page or Resource Centre to work out the costs for your needs and your ambitions for success.
It is important to consider continuing your development after your main learning. Continuing Professional Development and building your business skills and knowledge can turn your passion into a viable, profitable business. 1 day workshops to up skill really help progress your business. Budget for several of these per year to keep your knowledge fully up to date. This includes our popular cat grooming workshop, which can teach you a skill that will open up your market very quickly.
Having the right scissors early on in your journey is so important. We highly recommend that you pick up scissors to start your learning and career progression with us. This is an extension of your arm for the majority of the time that you are working. Having something that is yours, that you look after and is suitable for your ability can make a real difference to the finish on your groom. To have a set of straight scissors, thinning scissors and curved scissors, you can buy this from us for between £200-£300.


text:
TLFG: 4-10 July 2016
Well, well, well it's been quite a week.
Forget all the political turmoil, it's been a terrible time for England football fans too.
Not only were they humbled by an industrious and hardworking Iceland side in the second round of the Euros, they were then further shown up by Wales who made it all the way to the semi-finals after a superb win over Belgium.
Both of these 'minnows' are dwarfed by the population and resources that the English FA has at its disposal and yet it made absolutely no difference. The players and manager are paid absolute fortunes and have been for years but things are going backwards.
I actually have a lot of time for Roy Hodgson, believing him to be sincere, honest and hardworking - he's achieved some great things particularly with Fulham and West Brom but it seems big clubs and players don't respond well to his methods when he's been given the chance.
A fine way to spend a weekend in south-west London
Who will come in next is unclear. I was, rather randomly, told by an old woman on a train yesterday that Gareth Southgate was the man for her because he'd hit the post with a penalty in Euro 96 (it was actually saved but I didn't like to tell her) and most of her family had worked for the Post Office. Seems as good a reason as any right now!
Aside from all that, the summer's domestic pre-season action got underway.
As mentioned last week, it was pretty much all about QPR as far as the pro teams were concerned. The first-team squad picked up a 3-2 win at Aldershot on Friday with the mercurial Jay Emmanuel-Thomas, back from a disappointing loan spell at MK Dons, scoring twice. The U21s also recorded a 2-1 win at Wealdstone the following day.
This week sees the action pick up considerably with lots more clubs taking to the field including Premier League outfit Watford who play their first friendly at Woking on Sunday. Like QPR's game at Aldershot, this match is outside London but only just so I thought it was well worth including.
There are also games in the London area for Brentford, Charlton Athletic and Reading, while Fulham U21s are also in action.
We've also got a couple of mini tournaments involving some of our local non-league sides. One of my highlights of pre-season is the now well established Geoff Harvey Memorial Trophy at Corinthian Casuals. This year it's also being dedicated to the memory of Jimmy Hill who passed away recently. The format sees four teams play a semi-final each on the Saturday before a third place play-off and final on Sunday. Aside from the hosts, the entrants include Hampton & Richmond Borough, Hayes & Yeading United and Tonbridge Angels. The matches are at 11am and 3pm on both days and you can pay by day or get a weekend ticket.
On the east side of town, Clapton are hosting the inaugural Walter Tull Cup to honour the memory of the man who became the first black professional outfield footballer in England. This three-team tournament takes a round robin format with points awarded for wins, draws etc. The matches are also only 30 minutes each way so they can all be condensed into one afternoon. The other competitors are AC London and Hackney Wick with the first game at 1230pm.
There is also a fine selection of Women's Super League action on Sunday with Arsenal, Chelsea and London Bees all playing at home.
There are nearly 40 matches in the London area over the next week as pre-season starts to get into full swing.
White pin - Sunday fixtures
Monday 4 July
Waltham Forest v Brentwood Town @745pm - our first Monday night game of pre-season as clubs from the Essex Senior League and Isthmian League meet at Wadham Lodge
Bedfont & Feltham v Harefield United @7pm - if you've never been, The Orchard is one of the most unusual grounds in London as it is located at the end of Heathrow airport's runway - paradise if you're a groundhopper/plane spotter
Friday 8 July
Boreham Wood v Brentford @730pm - the hosts always put together an impressive pre-season schedule at Meadow Park with this year's first opponents being Championship side Brentford
Saturday 9 July
Boreham Wood v Reading @3pm - the following afternoon they welcome the Royals, also of the second tier, as new boss Jaap Stam takes charge for the first time
Welling United v Charlton Athletic @3pm - these two south-east London clubs meet for what has become a regular pre-season game
Sutton United v Fulham XI @3pm - the U's prepare for life in the top tier of non-league football with this friendly against the Cottagers' youngsters and reserves
Dulwich Hamlet v Bromley @12pm - another south-east London derby with the early kick-off allowing you to do a double with another game
Jimmy Hill/Geoff Harvey Memorial Trophy from 11am - semi-finals day of the annual four-team tournament at Corinthian Casuals also featuring Hampton & Richmond, Hayes & Yeading and Tonbridge Angels
Walter Tull Cup from 1230pm - new three-team tournament at Clapton also featuring AC London and Hackney Wick
Woking v Watford @5pm - the Premier League Hornets begin pre-season just outside London against the Cards
Jimmy Hill/Geoff Harvey Memorial Trophy from 11am - finals day of the annual four-team tournament at Corinthian Casuals also featuring Hampton & Richmond, Hayes & Yeading and Tonbridge Angels
Chelsea Ladies v Birmingham City Ladies @3pm - second play third at Staines Town in the FA Women's Super League
sanchesginger@gmail.com 26 July 2016 at 20:59
Your blog is the most informative! I think that you are really great blogger! Use http://www.customessay-s.com/ to make your writings better!
TLFG: 1-7 August 2016
TLFG: 25-31 July 2016


text:
<form class="ship_class loading" ng-controller="form-ship-type" ng-submit="actions.submit($event)">

        <form-line title="'NeDB ID'">
            <input type="text" ng-value="data._id" disabled="disabled" />
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'ID'">
            <input type="text" ng-value="data.id" disabled="disabled" />
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'舰种ID'">
            <input type="text" ng-value="data.ship_tye_id" disabled="disabled" />
        </form-line>

名称

        <form-line title="'日'">
            <input type="text" ng-model="data.name.ja_jp" required="required">
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'简中'">
            <input type="text" ng-model="data.name.zh_cn">
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'英'">
            <input type="text" ng-model="data.name.en_us">
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'简称'">
            <input type="text" ng-model="data.code" required="required">
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'简称2'">
            <input type="text" ng-model="data.code_game" required="required">
        </form-line>

基础信息

        <form-line suffix="'不参与属性表对比'">
            <input type="checkbox" ng-model="data.donotcompare" />
        </form-line>
        <form-line title="'TP'">
            <input type="number" step="0.1" ng-model="data.tp" />
        </form-line>

能力

        <form-element-capabilities data="data.capabilities">
        </form-element-capabilities>

        <button type="submit" ng-disabled="!ready">提交</button>
        <button type="button">删除</button>

</form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Medical News Today: Why does diabetes cause headaches?
Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot make enough of the hormone insulin, or cannot use it properly, causing glucose to build up in the blood. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 29 million people in the United States have diabetes.
Diabetes headaches tend to occur frequently and cause moderate to severe levels of pain. A severe headache is considered one that significantly affects someone's ability to function as normal.
Why does diabetes cause a headache?
過去の投稿前 Medical News Today: What are the best essential oils for itchy bug bites?
次の投稿次 Medical News Today: What is causing the pain in my shoulder blade?


Fits all Polaris 2016-2018 General 1000 models, 2 and 4 seater. Installs with custom mounts for easy installation. No drilling holes in your frame or tub. Designed to cover the void behind the front wheels that becomes packed with mud, debris or as I've been told, cow poop.


text:
> Region
> East-South Central
> Alabama
Related topics: Automotive
IndyCar Race at Barber Motorsports Park - Big Break for State's Economic Development
Indy racing in Birmingham could kick Alabama's economic development efforts into a higher gear, industry hunters say.
Economic development officials turned out in force at the official announcement Monday that the Barber Motorsports Park has landed an Indy Racing League event on April 9-11, 2010. The Indy Grand Prix of Alabama will be the third stop on the IndyCar Series schedule and two races before the Indianapolis 500 in 2010.
The three-day event is expected to draw around 100,000 race fans and have an economic impact of $30 million, according to the Greater Birmingham Convention and Visitors Bureau, which helped recruit the event. Races will follow in 2011 and 2012, boosting the impact.
For the remainder of this article, please visit: http://blog.al.com/businessnews/2009/07/indy_racing_in_birmingham_coul.html


Soybeans, vegetables, the Irish potato blight, and Sudden Oak Death.
An outdoor lab to evaluate various plants, trees, and shrubs.
A world-class facility dedicated to agricultural research.
Assisting industries, with a focus on statistical process control, lean manufacturing, and real-time process modeling.


text:
5USA Picks Up UK Rights To NBC's 'The Mysteries Of Laura'
By Patrick Munn | December 22, 2014 - 2:38 pm | No Comments
Category : Acquisitions, News, US News
Tags : 5USA, Channel 5, The Mysteries Of Laura
Channel 5 has closed a deal with Warner Bros. International Television Distribution to acquire the exclusive first run UK broadcast rights to NBC's Debra Messing fronted drama series The Mysteries Of Laura for their digi-net 5USA, TVWise has learned.
Based on the Spanish series Los Misterios De Laura, The Mysteries of Laura follows NYPD homicide Det. Laura Diamond, who manages to balance her time between being a police officer and that of a harried mom with two unruly young boys. The drama series is produced by Warner Bros. Television and stars Debra Messing, Josh Lucas, Laz Alonso, Janina Gavankar and Max Jenkins.
The show launched in the United States on NBC back in September and has been a solid performer for the network, averaging an audience of more than 10 million viewers in its Wednesday night 8pm time-slot. The Mysteries of Laura is also one of the few new shows from the 2014-2015 season to have earned a back nine/full season order.
This deal further extends the relationship between the Viacom owned Channel 5 and Warner Bros. International Television Distribution. The two companies have previously pacted on such shows as Person of Interest & The Mentalist; and earlier this year they also agreed a high profile deal for Gotham, which has been a ratings hit for C5 with episodes frequently drawing a consolidated audience of more than 2 million viewers.
The first season of The Mysteries of Laura is expected to premiere on 5USA in January 2015.


text:
10 Most Controversial TV Episodes Of All Time
Funimation India January 25, 2023 in Best of All Tagged Controversial, Episodes, Time - 9 Minutes
In today's TV landscape, there is greater tolerance for shocking, graphic, or unusual content. However, a couple of years back, some TV episodes were singled out for being distasteful. This resulted in a couple of controversial TV episodes being banned.
RELATED: 10 TV Shows That Were Canceled After Just One Episode
For some controversial episodes, the topics covered were quite good, but they were extremely misunderstood at the time. Other infamous episodes weren't controversial because of offensive material. Fans simply felt that the showrunners took a direction that was unacceptable. Even beloved shows like Game of Thrones and The Simpsons have divisive episodes.
10 "Home" Is Too Disturbing
Season 4, Episode 2 – X-Files
<!–[if IE 9]>
<![endif]–> <!–[if IE 9]>
<![endif]–>
The X-Files' string of unique villains is a major reason it's considered one of the greatest monster-of-the-week shows, but in "Home," things are pushed a bit too far. The plot follows a group of farmers who have incestuous relationships, which triggered so much outrage that FOX prevented it from going into syndication (via New York Times).
The incestuous relations aside, the episode fails to impress because it features human antagonists with no supernatural or extraterrestrial ties. As for the plot choice, "Home" was created as a Halloween episode, but it just doesn't fit the tone of The X-Files and the plot would arguably be better for a different show.
9 "200" Crosses Boundaries Unnecessarily
Season 14, Episode 5 – South Park
Religion is always a sensitive topic and when the creators of South Park decided to joke about Prophet Muhammad, the backlash was swift. In "200," all celebrities that the show has ever made fun of sue the town of South Park. Tom Cruise promises to drop the lawsuit if the prophet is handed over to him. In the aftermath of the backlash, Prophet Muhammad's lines were edited before the episode was ultimately pulled off the air (via Cheat Sheet).
RELATED: 10 TV Shows That Use The Same Formula Every Episode
Today, "200" still feels like a missed opportunity. An episode about celebrities suing a fictional town could be interesting without complicating things, so it's baffling that South Park's creators decided to include religion. After all, there was the option of the fictionalized Cruise demanding that another celebrity be handed over instead of the face of a specific religion.
8 A Flag Gets Burned In "The Puerto Rican Day"
Season 9, Episode 20 – Seinfeld
Seinfeld has enough shocking moments to qualify it as one of the darkest comedy shows, but the series was particularly offensive in "The Puerto Rican Day." That's because one of the characters accidentally torches the Puerto Rican flag during New York's Puerto Rican Day parade.
Reaction from activists was intense, so the episode was pulled from rotation (via The Things). Interestingly, "The Puerto Rican Day" has the most writer credits (10) out of all Seinfeld episodes, yet not a single one of them felt the scene might cause outrage. Nonetheless, the episode remains the second most highly rated in the show's history.
7 "The Puppy Episode" Was Ruined By Homophobia
Season 4, Episode 23 – The Ellen Show
Today, there are several amazing LGBTQ+ characters on TV, but a few decades ago, including one was seen as unacceptable. In a moment that sums up the disgusting homophobia of the era, several advertisers decided to pull out after Ellen DeGeneres' character in The Ellen Show came out (via Yahoo).
So bad was the outrage that The Ellen Show was canceled a few months later, with Ellen DeGeneres deciding to focus on stand-up comedy before eventually launching a similarly-titled talk show."The Puppy Episode" not only became the highest-rated one in the show's history (42 million viewers), but it also ended up winning two Emmys.
6 "Blame It On Lisa" Rides On Stereotypes
Season 13, Episode 15 – The Simpsons
For a show that's been running for as long as The Simpsons, the pressure to keep things fresh can be high. As such, writers are more likely to adopt a risky story idea than discard it. This backfires in "Blame It On Lisa" where the Simpson family heads to Brazil in search of Lisa's pen pal.
RELATED: 10 Worst TV Final Episodes Of All Time
The episode is packed with stereotypes revolving around poverty, and as a consequence, the Brazilian tourism body threatened to sue FOX (via The Daily Beast). The stereotypes aside, the episode is littered with several other inaccuracies, notably the suggestion that the conga is from Brazil, but it's actually a Caribbean dance.
5 "Return To Camelot Part 1" Makes An Entire Season Irrelevant
Season 10, Episode 1 – Dallas
Viewers sacrifice a lot of time to invest in the proceedings of a show. So, for a series to tell audiences that none of it matters is guaranteed to spark fury. Such is the case in the Dallas episode where Bobby's wife finds him in the shower long after he had been presumed dead.
The explanation given is that Bobby hadn't died, and his wife had only been dreaming about it. This meant the events of an entire season were not real. Fans were understandably angry about following an entire somber storyline that didn't end up affecting the rest of the show in any way.
4 "Nude Awakening" Stays True To Its Title
Season 10, Episode 16 – NYPD Blue
NYPD Blue established itself as a controversial show right from the pilot episode when a character's buttocks was shown. However, it's in a Season 10 episode that the show truly crossed the line, resulting in a $1.2 million fine from by Federal Communications Commission (via Washington Post).
Though viewed as problematic at the time, the scene where a character walks nude while preparing to take a shower is widely credited with normalizing nudity in mainstream TV. Today, it's far from unusual to see characters walking around naked on primetime TV, but NYPD Blue was one of the first.
3 The Main Character Makes A Bold Choice In "Maude's Dilemma"
Season 1, Episode 10 – Maude
Abortion is a hotly debated topic and it's no surprise to hear that views were strictly conservative in the '70s. For this reason, there was a negative reaction when the 47-year-old main character in Maude opted to have an abortion.
RELATED: 10 TV Show Episodes That Are Literally Too Dark
There were all kinds of backlash to "Maude's Dilemma," from 7000 fans sending letters to the network to the United States Catholic Conference starting a campaign to get Maude canceled immediately (via EW). Luckily, the sitcom survived this period and is now considered one of the best-ever offerings in the genre.
2 "Breaker Of Chains" Goes Too Far With Incest And Assult
Season 4, Episode 3 – Game Of Thrones
Game of Thrones has always been criticized for having unnecessary sex scenes and while most are forgivable, the one involving Jaime and Cersei Lannister is not. It's an ugly scene because Jaime forces himself on Cersei, next to their son's dead body, and she clearly tells him that what he is doing isn't right.
Fan dissatisfaction was evident all over social media, with many labeling the scene as distasteful, though there were no serious repercussions for the showrunners and the episode's director. Still, many will agree that there are better ways to bring up a character's villainous traits than through assault.
1 "Plato's Stepchildren" Has TV's First Interracial Kiss
Season 3, Episode 10 – Star Trek
One of the greatest sci-fi shows ever made also had a controversial episode, even though it was actually progressive and groundbreaking. In a Star Trek episode, an evil group of aliens forces the USS Enterprise crew to do things against their will.
The source of all the controversy is the kiss between Lt. Uhura and Captain Kirk, not because of the lack of consent from both parties but because the two characters are of different races. Back in the '60s, having two interracial characters get into any kind of romantic scenario was unheard of (via Insider).
NEXT: 10 TV Series That Were Canceled Before Airing An Episode (& Why)
#Controversial #Episodes #Time
Previous: 10 Indie Supervillains Who Would Be Better In DC Comics
Next: A Frog and Toad Show Is Coming to Apple TV+
10 My Hero Academia Characters That Would Do Better With Different Quirks
All Might's Most Controversial Choices In My Hero Academia
10 Best Powered By The Apocalypse TTRPGs


The value of your equipment is great, even if that equipment has been beaten up by the elements and time on site. There is nothing we enjoy more than to get a great old piece of equipment, break it down, assess the damage, replace and rebuilt until its like new again.
We can fabricate the parts you need and take great pride in our rebuilds. Each piece is painted before assembly, protecting each component, adding to the lifespan of the equipment, protecting from rust and damage over time.


This resort is like no other, with a playful twist on luxury this Instagrammable resort lights up at night for a fun-filled paradise. The resort's five-star dining and sleek villas are the ultimate indulgences, the lagoon is jaw-dropping and there are plenty of water activities. However, Finolhu truly comes alive at night with guest DJ sets, stilt walkers, acrobats and mermaids. Think Coachella vibes in paradise with attentive staff, top food and plenty to do, with an awesome kids club.
These secluded Beach Villas (205 sqm) are luxurious and comfortable and have plenty of outdoor space to enjoy the atmosphere. With direct beach access, these villas also feature private sun loungers and day beds.
The Lagoon Villas (145 sqm) are delicately perched over the glittering blue lagoon connected to the island with a rustic timber jetty. The villas have direct lagoon access and feature a private sun-kissed deck to enjoy. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
These secluded Beach Pool Villas (205 sqm) are luxurious and comfortable and have plenty of outdoor space to enjoy the atmosphere. With direct beach access, these villas also feature private sun loungers and day beds as well as the signature private pool. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
The Ocean Pool Villas (180 sqm) are delicately perched over the glittering ocean connected to the island with a rustic timber jetty. The villas have direct ocean access and feature a private sun-kissed deck to enjoy as well as the signature infinity plunge private pool. These villas also boast magical sunset views with daybeds and loungers to watch it from. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
The Two Bedroom Lagoon Pool Villas (460 sqm) are delicately perched over the glittering blue lagoon connected to the island with a rustic timber jetty. The villas have two bedrooms, direct lagoon access and feature a private sun-kissed deck to enjoy as well as the private 8-metre infinity pool to indulge in. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
These secluded Two Bedroom Beach Pool Villas (530 sqm) are spacious and comfortable and have plenty of outdoor space to enjoy the atmosphere as well as two bedrooms indoors. With direct beach access, these villas also feature private sun loungers and day beds as well as the signature private 10-metre pool. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
The Two Bedroom Rock Star Ocean Pool Villa (460 sqm) is the real VIP experience, every comfort is taken care of and there is ample space to enjoy indoors and outdoors. This villa is set at the very end of the timber jetty to give guests the maximum privacy and uninterrupted ocean views. This vill comes with its own 8-metre pool, expansive outdoor terrace, separate indoor and outdoor dining areas, and two indulgent master bedrooms. This villa also enjoys private personal butler service and use of the rock star buggy to get around the island. All the villas have luxury Neal's Yard Toiletries and indulgent modern amenities.
There are plenty of motorised and non-motorised watersports available including snorkelling, paddle boarding, surfing, and jet skiing.
The luxury spa here is unbeatable and quirky, spa rooms are found in the quirky beach huts named after musical divas.
With nightly entertainment, you will never be bored here, enjoy local bands, guest DJs, stilt walkers, acrobats and more. A stay here is a magical experience focused on letting loose and having fun in paradise.
This is the resort's all-day restaurant serving breakfasts from a buffet array with fun live cooking stations with a la carte options at lunch and dinner.
This funky venue serves fresh seafood and hosts a weekly evening seafood extravaganza to explore.
This quirky spot serves North African flavours with grilled meats, tajines, and tasty mezze platters. The steak dinner here is renowned and we recommend trying the Sweet Sixteen dessert, allowing you to sample a sharing platter of 16 delicious desserts.
Kanusan is the fine dining option and sits elegantly over the ocean. Here you will find an innovative variety of Asian specialities including the famous Mandarin roasted duck.
This charming tuck shop serves healthy treats and meals as well as some indulgent sweet bites.
terms: A copy of the wedding certificate will be requested at check-in and must be valid within six months from the date of the wedding.


Twitter's European chief has hailed Nicola Sturgeon as the most savvy UK politician on the social media platform.
Bruce Daisley, vice-president of European operations at Twitter, added that both Sturgeon's SNP and the Greens have "punched above their weight" in the runup to the general election.
Daisley gave the example of Sturgeon's immediate response to a piece in the Telegraph claiming that she was backing the Conservative party because she did not want Labour to win.
Daisley said that the SNP had been clever in its use of Twitter. For example, during Jeremy Paxman's TV interviews of Ed Miliband and David Cameron the SNP spokesman responded to all the questions in real time using the hashtag #TheWiderDebate.
Videos created relating to the discussion the SNP instigated were seen more than 400,000 times and the party gained 300 members.
Daisley also referred to Twitter as the "medium of truth" that quickly debunked stories.
He referred to the Daily Telegraph, which ran a pro-Tory front age story about a letter signed by 5,000 small businesses. Within hours of the story's publication, it was revealed that it had been organised by Karren Brady and managed by Conservative party headquarters.
Daisley said at the 2010 election about 60% of MPs were on Twitter; this time, it is pretty much 100%.
He said that there were 27m votes cast in 2010, and with 15m Twitter users the 2015 race is the "first social media election".


text:
Inmate already sentenced to death for murder pleads guilty to 2nd murder at Milton prison
An inmate who was already sentenced to death for killing a fellow inmate in Jackson County in 2012 has pleaded guilty to the murder of another inmate at the Santa Rosa Correctional Institution in 2017.
Inmate already sentenced to death for murder pleads guilty to 2nd murder at Milton prison An inmate who was already sentenced to death for killing a fellow inmate in Jackson County in 2012 has pleaded guilty to the murder of another inmate at the Santa Rosa Correctional Institution in 2017. Check out this story on pnj.com: https://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2019/08/19/inmate-already-sentenced-death-murder-pleads-guilty-second-murder/2055074001/
Colin Warren-Hicks, Pensacola News Journal Published 4:20 p.m. CT Aug. 19, 2019
Rocky Ali Beamon, 41, pleaded guilty Friday to first-degree premeditated murder in the death of the inmate in Santa Rosa County, announced State Attorney Bill Eddins in a news release.
The inmate, Nicholas Anderson, shared a cell with Beamon at the Milton prison where they were both incarcerated in 2017.
On Jan. 22, 2017, Beamon punched Anderson in his face, tied his hands and feet together, and strangled him to death with bed sheets, according to prosecutors. Anderson's cause of death was strangulation.
>>> Sentenced to death: Inmate under investigation for murder at Santa Rosa Correctional gets death in separate case
Beamon faces a minimum sentence of life in prison, but Eddins said prosecutors are seeking the death penalty in the case.
Beamon has waived his right to a jury trial, and his sentence will be handed down by Circuit Judge Darlene Dickey in a penalty phase proceeding. The date for the proceeding has yet to be scheduled.
Rocky Ali Beamon (Photo: Courtesy of Florida Department of Corrections)
Earlier this year, Beamon was sentenced to death for the first-degree premeditated murder of Bruce Hunsicker.
Beamon and Hunsicker were incarcerated together at the Apalachee Correctional Institution in Sneads in July 2012, according to a news release the State Attorney's Office issued earlier this year.
Beamon said he killed Hunsicker mainly because the man was a sex offender, according to the release.
After studying Hunsicker's routines, Beamon choked him and stabbed him 80 times with a homemade shank in the shower area of the prison dormitory.
Colin Warren-Hicks can be reached at colinwarrenhicks@pnj.com or 850-435-8680.
Read or Share this story: https://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2019/08/19/inmate-already-sentenced-death-murder-pleads-guilty-second-murder/2055074001/


After careful review of our dangerous goods acceptance policies, American has decided to suspend its acceptance of lithium ion batteries UN3480, Sections IA, IB & II, Packing Instruction 965 effective April 15, 2015. This change does not affect shipments with batteries tendered as UN3481 or UN3091 which includes batteries packed with or contained in equipment.
For clarity, there are no changes for shipments of UN3481 or UN3091 lithium ion batteries packed with or contained in equipment. These will continue to be accepted either loaded on pallets, in structural ULDs or tendered as bulk.
Please ensure that any shipments tendered under these new standards also comply with all applicable rules and provisions published in the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. As always, our primary concern when transporting dangerous goods is safety for passengers, employees, shipments and the environment. If you have additional questions, please contact your local sales representative.


text:
Movement During Cure of Latex Building Joint Sealants
The level of performance of high performance building joint sealants clearly diminishes if during cure, the joint in which sealant is placed, undergoes cyclic movement. However, it is less well known the degree to which the movement capability is adversely affected. A preliminary study was undertaken to ascertain the change in performance of a series of water-based sealants and a chemical cured product subjected to movement during cure. Model sealant specimens were subjected to cyclic movement during cure at rates of 12.7mm and 3.2mm / hour such that complete cycles were achieved in 1 and 4 hours respectively. Specimens were evaluated over a single movement cycle having undergone various intervals of cure starting with those cured for 1 day and thereafter cured at 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 50 and 100 days. Failure was recorded if the sealant bead ruptured or became detached from the substrate. Also, a series of specimens was continuously cycled for 4 days and the change in mechanical response was recorded with time such mat the increase in modulus during cure could readily be determined. Standard tests were also conducted as to the tack free time of these products.
in service sealant behavior, joint movement, laboratory test, latex sealants, movement during cure, sealant cure
Lacasse, MA
Research Officer and Technical Officer, National Research Council Canada, Institute for Research in Construction, Materials Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario
Margeson, JC
Committee/Subcommittee: C24.32


text:
Approaches to Geographical Knowledge
GEO1401B
Professor Caitlin DeSilvey (Lecturer)
Dr Jon Bennie (Convenor)
What defines geography as an academic discipline? This module tells the story of geography's growth and development, introducing you to key philosophical and theoretical ideas and tracing their connection to the diversity of research approaches in contemporary human and physical geography. A series of practical exercises will make abstract ideas explicit and provide a grounded introduction to geographical research and knowledge-making. A familiar and real-world example - 'the beach' - will be used as an entry point to basic questions of philosophy, returning to this to illustrate and to explain the links between philosophy, theory, and methodology.
This module aims to introduce you to the development of geographic thought and to illustrate the range and diversity of approaches in contemporary human and physical geography. You will be encouraged to work in groups to explore contemporary issues. This module will also help you to develop and extend your awareness of the importance of taught and learnt skills in strengthening employability potential, especially through the application of critical analytical skills, working in groups to a brief, time management, and working in interdisciplinary contexts.
More specifically, the emphasis on group work and weekly tasks will provide an opportunity for you to develop skills of teamwork, leadership and project planning. The teaching contributions on this module involve elements of research undertaken by module staff, such as work on human relationships with place and heritage (DeSilvey) and the ecology of environmental change (Bennie).
1. Review with guidance the key developments in the history of geographic thought over the last 150 years
2. Describe in a basic way the philosophical and epistemological underpinnings of geographical knowledge
3. Show an awareness and basic comprehension of geography as a category of knowledge produced in and through many different institutional, social, scientific and cultural contexts
4. Recognise the diversity of sources utilised in producing geographical knowledge
5. Describe essential facts and theory across a sub-discipline of geography
6. Identify critical questions from the literature and synthesise research-informed examples into written work
7. Identify and implement, with some guidance, appropriate methodologies and theories for addressing a specific research problem in geography
8. With guidance, deploy established techniques of analysis, practical investigation, and enquiry within geography
9. Describe and begin to evaluate approaches to our understanding of geography with reference to primary literature, reviews and research articles
10. Develop, with guidance, a logical and reasoned argument with sound conclusions
11. Communicate ideas, principles and theories using a variety of formats in a manner appropriate to the intended audience
12. Collect and interpret appropriate data and undertake straightforward research tasks with guidance
13. Evaluate own strengths and weaknesses in relation to professional and practical skills identified by others
14. Reflect on learning experiences and summarise personal achievements
Introduction to the module
Positivism (methods practical 1: faunal shore survey/quantitative beach user survey)
Critical rationalism
Marxism and critical realism (methods practical 2: researching social-ecological systems)
Phenomenology and post-phenomenology
Social constructionism and feminism (methods practical 3: ethnography/participant observation)
Structuralism, poststructuralism and postmodernism
Complexity theory (methods practical 4: mapping forms and patterns)
Moral philosophy and ethics
Constructing geography (methods practical 5: synthesis at the beach)
Scheduled Learning and Teaching 15 Practical exercises and wiki production
Guided independent study 120 Additional research, reading and preparation for module assessments
Group wiki production, linked to practical tasks Ongoing throughout the module All Written (on wiki pages as comments) and oral (in lectures)
Examination 50 90 minutes 1-12 Written
Practical report/reflection 50 1250 words 1-12 Written
Examination Examination 1-12 August Assessment Period
Practical report/reflection Practical report/reflection 1-12 August Assessment Period
Referral – if you have failed the module overall (i.e. a final overall module mark of less than 40%) you will be required to sit a further examination. The mark given for a re-assessment taken as a result of referral will count for 100% of the final mark and will be capped at 40%.
Cloke, P., Crang, P., Goodwin, M. (1999) Introducing Human Geographies, (London, Arnold).
Cloke, P., Philo, C. and Sadler (1991) Approaching Human Geography, (London, Paul Chapman Publishing).
Couper, P (2015) A Student's Introduction to Geographical Thought (Sage)
Johnston, R., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (1994) Dictionary of Human Geography (3rd Edition), (Oxford, Blackwell).
Thomas, B.A. (2000) The Dictionary of Physical Geography, (Oxford, Blackwell).
Gregory, K. (2000) The Changing Nature of Physical Geography, (London, Hodder Arnold).
Trudgill, S. and Roy, A. (2003) Contemporary Meanings In Physical Geography, (London, Hodder Arnold)
ELE: http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=978
Marxism, poststructuralism, positivism, postmodernism, feminism, science, geomorphology, landscape, reductionism, emergence, nature, culture, realism, complexity


Prendre en compte a period qui termine à ou plusieurs pouces sous vos genoux. Tote Bags. absolute for any season and oh-so useful, personalized tote bags create excellent wedding favors. Plain tote bags are inexpensive, and they are easy to customize yourself, should you hope to create your own wedding favors. hasty on time? Some wedding shops have the funds for personalized totes, but they will cost you more than if you design them yourself.
Nouveau keyword Collection. Sunglasses. Having the ideal summer wedding? Candies and chocolates might not be the best wedding favor to leave for guests in the warm summer sun. Sunglasses are a great artifice to keep your guests comfortable and to remind them of your special daylight for years to come. A plus? Frames arrive in a variety of styles and can be personalized in consequently many ways. You are limited single-handedly by your imagination! in imitation of tote bags, sunglasses can along with be personalized professionally by many wedding and party vendors.
S'mores Kits. perfect for weddings in tardy summer or further on fall, individual s'mores kits are unusual creative oscillate to more tolerable wedding favors. These can be as basic or as decadent as you prefer, and as a result they can take steps for any budget. all you habit are some graham crackers, marshmallows, chocolate bars and cute craft supplies to make these adorable and unforgettable gifts for your guests.
Candy in Personalized Wrappers. A bit more upon the normal side, personalized candy wrappers and candy seem to be mainstays like it comes to wedding favors. From those oft-present Jordan almonds to the more radical chocolate bars, this is different simple and within your means pretentiousness to be credited with a personal be next to to your wedding. Why mess subsequent to a classic? choose your candy and choose out those personalized candy wrappers. It's a good exaggeration to make an proclaim upon wedding guests behind a sweet-tooth, and it after that makes for a well-appreciated shower or bachelorette party gift.
Individual Bath Salts. Do-it-yourself bath salts are all the rage these days. Whether they are for personal use, a Christmas gift for a relative or birthday present for a relative, chances are you've already got a recipe or two upon one of your Pinterest boards. Individual bath salts are a unique and affordable habit to pamper your wedding guests. Luxurious, little jars of bath salt then create fabulous bridal shower favors.
Hangover Rescue Kits. Hangover rescue kits or "cures" are a must-have if your guests will be drinking. From a personalized bottle of water, to a hangover remedy-packed kit, you can create this wedding favor as simple or as highbrow as you like. As subsequent to the extra do-it-yourself ideas, this concept is gymnastic and budget friendly. Hangover rescue kits also make great bachelor and bachelorette party favors!
Sachets. You probably already know that sachets are little bags of perfumed flowers or aromatic herbs that people typically area in drawers or closets to create the reveal odor pleasant. What you might not know is that these herb and flower-filled pouches make creative wedding favors as well. As in imitation of sunglasses or totes, these progressive wedding party favors can either be bought or made at home.


El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha De Miguel Cervantes – From the thousands of images on the net regarding el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha de miguel cervantes, we all selects the best choices with ideal resolution only for you, and now this photographs is usually one of images collections in our finest photos gallery about El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha De Miguel Cervantes. I hope you can as it.
placed by simply john on 2017-08-18 08:27:28. To discover just about all pictures within El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha De Miguel Cervantes photographs gallery please follow this kind of hyperlink.


text:
The Case for Investing in Green Companies
Social Impact Finance & Accounting May 2, 2018
Sustainably minded firms are more likely to withstand industry shake-ups.
Based on the research of
Ravi Jagannathan
Ashwin Ravikumar
Marco Sammon
For investors focused on profit, investing in environmentally friendly firms may not seem like the most lucrative strategy. They may worry that adopting greener practices could hurt a company's share price.
But in a new paper, Kellogg researchers argue just the opposite. Paying attention to firms' sustainability—captured in metrics called environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria—can actually improve the share price, the paper concludes. Green companies may not be raking in the cash now, but they are more likely to outlast sudden industry shake-ups, such as new pollution regulations or consumer-driven demand for eco-friendly products.
"They can adapt better to these kinds of changes," says Ravi Jagannathan, a professor of finance at the Kellogg School of Management. "Firms that are truly doing better along those dimensions are safer."
The research builds on previous work suggesting that well-governed firms—those that score high on the governance part of ESG ratings—perform better. Jagannathan and coauthors focused their attention on the environmental aspect of ESG ratings.
For investors, paying attention to environment-related risks is particularly important in the age of social media, the authors say. Today's consumers can communicate and mobilize much faster—for instance, to shame a company for its unsustainable practices. Because of this heightened awareness, Jagannathan predicts that new environmental regulations will follow public protest more quickly than in the past.
"The amount of time it takes for regulation to catch up has actually narrowed," he says.
A Growing Interest in ESG Criteria
Money managers often base decisions largely on whether a stock seems like a good deal—that is, whether they could buy it for less than it was really worth or might be worth soon. The authors point out that a firm's worth depends on investors' perception of its future cash flows, which in turn depend on the rules of the game in the future. And those rules are likely to change significantly given the increased public concern about environmental, governance, and social issues.
ESG criteria encompass three types of measures.
The environmental metrics capture how green a company is—for example, the amount of carbon emitted or acres of forest cut down as part of production. The social criteria cover issues such as whether the firm promotes gender equality. And the governance portion measures whether a company is well-managed. For instance, if a firm's CEO is also on the board, that might create a conflict of interest and would lower the governance rating.
Companies that do not prepare for ESG-related changes, Jagannathan says, "will lose out in the long run."
Going Green Can Be Good for the Bottom Line
Rewarding CEOs for Corporate Social Responsibility Pays Off for Society—and for Firms
Take 5: How Companies Benefit from Corporate Social Responsibility
Sustainable operations and greater growth can go hand in hand.
CSR contracting encourages executives to sacrifice short-term payoffs for long-term gains.
CSR is in vogue. And it can help a firm's bottom line.
There are currently no standards for companies to report ESG-related information. But investment research companies have come up with ways to calculate these ratings using a variety of resources, such as government data sets, company documents, and media reports.
And investors are taking note. In 2012, professional money managers considered ESG criteria in their investment strategies for 22 percent of global assets. By 2016, that figure rose to 26 percent.
Why have more investors started watching ESG ratings? The authors believe that there are a few factors at play.
While some money managers may feel an ethical obligation to invest in greener companies or feel pressure from clients to do so, others may care only about their fiduciary obligation to their clients. But even those money managers whose only goal is to maximize returns seem to have realized that sustainable companies are a better bet in the long run.
"ESG criteria can help both types of people," says coauthor Marco Sammon, a PhD student at Kellogg. "Even money managers who only care about risk and returns could benefit from considering these things."
The Case for Paying Attention to Environmental-Related Risk
To understand why, consider an important source of risk for companies: new regulations.
For example, let's say the government places stricter limits on sulfur-dioxide pollution from coal power plants. Heavily polluting firms may need to buy new equipment to reduce emissions or switch to coal with lower sulfur content. If they have trouble making this transition, they may eventually fail.
Companies that pollute more now "will be adversely affected by more stringent environmental laws coming into play and by alternative technologies spurred by environmental concerns," Jagannathan says.
Consumers can drive unexpected industry changes, too. For example, in 2011 in Boulder, Colorado, some residents thought that the carbon emissions generated by the city's electricity provider were too high. So people voted to allow the city to create its own utility. The researchers point out that these types of risks have emerged due to the rise in the use of social media for communication among the public.
"You can't just think about regulation coming from the government," Sammon says. "Consumer action can have the same effect."
And calling out bad behavior can happen fast with the help of Facebook and Twitter.
Jagannathan points to the Uber scandal that erupted in 2017: Public outrage spread quickly online after a former employee published a blog post accusing the company of mismanaging sexual-harassment complaints. That uproar was seen as one of the reasons the CEO resigned four months later. Similarly, a widely circulated video of a United Airlines passenger being dragged off a flight prompted the company to pledge within days to reevaluate its procedures.
While those examples don't relate specifically to environmental issues, similar incidents could happen to unsustainable companies.
"Social media has made it easy to identify violators," Jagannathan says. If you invest in companies with shady environmental practices, "you may be caught by surprise."
Why Investors Should Care about ESG Criteria
The team—which also included Ashwin Ravikumar, an expert on environmental issues at Amherst College—examined two specific cases in detail in their study.
The first case study was coal stocks. During his presidential campaign, Donald Trump pledged to help the coal industry by ending the "war on coal." When he was elected, coal stocks surged—likely because investors thought Trump would weaken environmental regulations. This pattern suggests that even the expectation of changing laws—whether in favor of or against sustainability—can have rapid, dramatic effects on the market, the authors say.
But in the following months, coal stocks sagged again. Investors may have found that deregulation did not happen as quickly or benefit the coal industry as much as expected, Sammon speculates.
In addition, major consumers of coal, like China, reiterated their support for reducing reliance on fossil fuels. And technological innovations have made other sources of energy such as natural gas relatively cheap. Even if environmental laws were relaxed, coal still faced stiff competition.
"What is standing in the way of coal is not regulation," Jagannathan says. "You need to worry about alternative technologies catching up in response to consumers' concerns."
If investors had considered the long-term competitiveness of coal given the increased global concern about pollution and climate change, prices of coal stocks would not have risen sharply immediately following Trump's election, Sammon suggests.
The second case study was palm oil. Producing this substance, which is ubiquitous in food and beauty products, can wreak environmental damage because rainforests and peatlands are often cleared for farms.
But some firms are yielding to social pressure from consumers to reduce their use of unsustainable palm oil. Companies such as Unilever and McDonald's have pledged to stop buying palm oil from environmentally unfriendly suppliers. If governments eventually crack down on unsustainable firms, many palm-oil fields could become stranded assets.
Among companies that use palm oil, a firm such as Unilever is a better bet for investors than one that ignores sustainability concerns, Sammon says. If new regulations arise, "Unilever will be well-positioned, and the other firms won't be," he says.
The team acknowledges that ESG criteria are not perfect. A firm carrying out unsustainable practices under the radar could still score a high rating. Many ESG scores draw on companies' self-reported data and may be unreliable.
Research also needs to investigate the link between ESG criteria and stock performance. These ratings have not been around very long, so data are sparse. But as more data accumulate, researchers could test whether the team's conjectures hold true—for example, whether firms with low ESG scores perform worse when new regulations are passed.
In the meantime, the authors argue that investors should continue to pay attention to environmental metrics. Companies that do not prepare for ESG-related changes, Jagannathan says, "will lose out in the long run."
CME Group/John F. Sandner Professor of Finance; Co-Director, Financial Institutions and Markets Research Center
Roberta Kwok is a freelance science writer based near Seattle.
Jagannathan, Ravi, Ashwin Ravikumar, and Marco Sammon. 2018. "Environmental, Social, and Governance Criteria: Why Investors Should Care." Journal of Investment Management. 16(1).
More in Social Impact
Understanding the Rapidly Evolving World of Sustainable Finance
Black-Owned Businesses Often Struggle to Access Capital. Here's How Financial Institutions Can Change That.
Does It Pay Off to Invest in Companies That Engage in Sustainable Practices?


text:
#line 2 "togo/platform/notification/notification/private.hpp"

#pragma once

#include <togo/platform/config.hpp>
#include <togo/platform/types.hpp>
#include <togo/core/string/types.hpp>
#include <togo/platform/notification/types.hpp>
#include <togo/platform/notification/internal.hpp>
#include <togo/platform/notification/notification.hpp>
#include <togo/platform/notification/notification/types.hpp>

namespace togo {
namespace notification {

bool init_impl(StringRef app_name);
void shutdown_impl();
bool poll_impl(bool wait);

void destroy_impl(Notification& notification);

inline void set_modified(Notification& notification, bool modified) {
	return internal::set_property(notification, S_MODIFIED, M_MODIFIED, modified);
}

inline bool is_modified(Notification const& notification) {
	return internal::get_property(notification, S_MODIFIED, M_MODIFIED);
}

inline void set_posted(Notification& notification, bool posted) {
	return internal::set_property(notification, S_POSTED, M_POSTED, posted);
}

inline bool was_posted(Notification const& notification) {
	return internal::get_property(notification, S_POSTED, M_POSTED);
}

} // namespace notification
} // namespace togo


Sector research from the German Engineering Federation (VDMA) shows that sales of German PV production equipment in the second quarter of 2016 grew 55% from Q1, continuing a trend which has seen orders of German equipment increase for four consecutive quarters.
If you ever needed a sign of an industry on the up, it's the increase in orders and sales of production equipment. That is exactly the news coming from the VDMA in its report of German PV equipment producers for the second quarter of the year.
German PV equipment manufacturers are generally at the top of the curve when it comes to PV technology, so seeing their sales volumes increase so dramatically, and seeing that the vast majority of the orders have come from outside of Europe, is definitely encouraging news for the entire industry, which is clearly becoming more competitive.
The biggest increase in the figures can be seen when comparing the sales figures for Q2 2016 with the same period last year, as they increased an incredible 63%. Even from the first quarter of the year the sales figures were up 55%, which represents huge yearly and sequential growth. With the VDMA forecasts for Q3, three quarters of 2016 will make up 92% of the total sales figures for 2015.
These orders are for equipment right across the PV value chain, but by far the biggest driver is for cell production. In fact, 60% of the total sales in the quarter were for solar cells production equipment, with its closest rival polysilicon, ingot and wafer production equipment at just 21%.
"The considerable investment activity by solar cell manufacturers in increasing existing and new production capacities continues: production is working to capacity," commented Managing Director of RCT Solutions and Chairman of VDMA Photovoltaic Equipment Peter Fath.
As well as large sales volume increases, German PV equipment manufacturers also enjoyed significant increases in orders. With this rise, orders have now been steadily increases for the last four quarters, yet further proof of a burgeoning industry.
Acting as a microcosm of the global solar market, the region trends for sales and orders seem to be almost exactly replicating solar markets across the world, with Europe wilting away. Inevitably, if it is to fit with the current trends, Asia is the driver for both sales and orders. So dominant is the East Asian region that it made up 68% of the total revenues generated by German PV production equipment manufacturers and accounted for a whopping 89% of total orders.
Way behind in second place is the U.S., who accounted for 22% of sales and 4% of orders, while the entirety of Europe only made up 10% of sales (6% was in Germany) and a measly 4% of orders.


text:
« Bob Dylan's Professional Debut Was 52 Years Ago Today | Main | Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Bob Dylan's Freewheelin' Alburm »
Telling the Truth Is No Longer the Top Priority in Journalism
I graduated debt-free from journalism school in 1968 at a time when there were plenty of jobs and some great opportunities in the news business. I was lucky enough to work at some prestigious news organizations, including United Press International, Post-Newsweek, Gannett and the Miami Herald.
In every one of those news jobs, accuracy in reporting was priority number one. At UPI, it was very simple. Make a major error in a story that's released nationally and you were fired. There were no ifs, ands or buts. Rules like that kept you on your toes.
Yes, you also had to be quick. But not so fast that you made mistakes. You were judged on a combination of both speed and accuracy. But accuracy was always the most important part of the job.
It's clear that's no longer true. Just in the past week, the New York Post got the Boston Marathon bombing story so wrong on so many counts it was hard to believe. They reported that 12 people had died, when only three had. They reported that a Saudi man was a suspect being held "in custody" when that wasn't true.
And, perhaps worst of all, they put pictures of two young men on the front page that turned out not to be the bombers. The newspaper admitted not knowing whether the men were even suspects. One of those young people was 17 years old and told other reporters that he was afraid to leave his home after the Post printed his picture.
Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns the paper, should have been outraged—but he was not. He argued that the picture was "instantly" withdrawn when the mistake was known. He did not explain how one instantly withdraws a printed front page from the streets.
Television news networks are equally notorious for errors. When astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, died, NBC incorrectly called him Neil Young, the musician. That's what happens when networks rely on 20-something staffers who don't know their history.
We are all aware that few journalism jobs are left and most pay very little. In fact, I was paid far more in the early 1970s than most journalists make today. Make no mistake, it's that downsizing of jobs and salaries and journalistic standards that leads to the mistakes and errors we see so often today.
At least most news organizations try to be accurate. Others have a different agenda, which complicates the picture further. Networks like Murdoch's Fox News present a clearly right-wing agenda—not one based on genuine attempts at truth and accuracy. Too many people believe this is actual news.
Yet, the politicization of journalism seems to be getting worse. Charles and David Koch, the notorious supporters of far right-wing causes, are said to be exploring the purchase of the Tribune Company, which owns 23 television stations and eight newspapers, including The Los Angeles Times, The Chicago Tribune, The Baltimore Sun, The Orlando Sentinel and The Hartford Courant.
These men, who finance favored political candidates, are not journalists or even interested in objective reporting. The New York Times reported a source saying the Koch brothers often say "they see the conservative voice as not being well represented" in the news media. It doesn't take a lot of imagination to see what these financiers are up to.
"It's a frightening scenario when a free press is actually a bought and paid-for press and it can happen on both sides," Ellen Miller, executive director of the Sunlight Foundation, a nonpartisan watchdog group, told the New York Times.
Journalism is not just in a poor financial state these days. It is in a moral crisis as well. The old standards of truth and accuracy in news reporting have been thrown out the window. The Internet, which has empowered everyone as a citizen "journalist," has not helped. The day is quickly coming when truly independent journalists will have to work on their own.
Just as members of Congress are under the control of money, now the same has happened to journalism. It's a sad day indeed for accurate, truthful reporting.
Posted by Frank Beacham on April 22, 2013 at 09:46 AM in Current Affairs, History, Television, TV News, Web/Tech, Writing | Permalink
Tags: Koch Brothers, New York Post, Rupert Murdoch, Truth in Journalism


text:
Tidewater is a term used by industries and governments to refer to access to ocean ports with international marine services for import and export of commodities. For export, the commodities can be shipped via trucks, trains and/or pipelines to a port, thereby opening the door to more lucrative prices on global markets. Getting to such a port is particularly important for landlocked jurisdictions seeking to expand and diversify markets for natural resources.

Landlocked Athabasca oil sands

An example of the use of the term "tidewater" can be seen in the debate over exports of oil produced by the Athabasca oil sands. Upon separation from the sand, this bituminous oil, marketed as Western Canadian Select, is forced to sell at the price established for landlocked oil (see: West Texas Intermediate benchmark). If this oil were able to reach "tidewater" for export using oil tankers, it would presumably command a higher price (see: Brent Crude benchmark). Several pipelines have been proposed to bring the oil to "tidewater", including the Keystone XL project (via the Gulf of Mexico), the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines project (via the British Columbia coast), the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project (via the Beaufort Sea), or the Energy East pipeline project (via the Bay of Fundy). The Government of Alberta and the Government of Canada claimed a loss of $C4 – $C30 billion (CAD) in taxes and non-renewable natural resource royalties in 2013. In comparison, Maya crude oil,(Moore et al. 2011:2). a similar product to Western Canadian Select, but located close to tidewater, was reaching peak prices in early 2010s. In the United States, opponents of pipeline projects have expressed concern that pipeline construction and expansion would simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to an American port for export to China and other countries via the Gulf of Mexico and that the resulting expansion in production in Alberta and consumption of fossil fuels worldwide would have a detrimental contribution to greenhouse gases. Canaport is a receiving terminal for crude oil and LNG. There is a proposal to expand it to allow the export of inland oil delivered via pipeline.

See also
Western Canadian Select
Keystone Pipeline
Alison Redford
Ken Hughes

Citations

References

Oil refineries in Canada
Proposed energy projects
Petroleum industry
Unconventional oil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » Collection » Oudry, Jean-Baptiste
Jean-Baptiste Oudry
Artist Bibliography
Born in Paris on March 17, 1686, Jean-Baptiste Oudry was the son of a minor painter and art dealer, Jacques Oudry (c. 1661-1720), and his wife, née Nicole Papillon. In 1706 his father was made director of the Académie de Saint-Luc, the old painters' guild that was the only serious competition to the more prestigious and influential Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Jacques Oudry taught his son the technical aspects of his art, and the youth attended drawing courses at the Académie de Saint-Luc and the Académie royale. In 1704 he received some training from Michel Serre (1658-1733), a cousin of the portraitist Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743).
In 1707, Oudry began a five-year apprenticeship with Rigaud's main competitor, Nicolas de Largillierre (1656-1746), under whose direction he copied works of the Flemish and Dutch schools of the seventeenth century. With Largillierre he refined his sense of color and his remarkable skills as a painter of still life and portraiture, both subject types in which his master had deservedly achieved enormous fame. In 1708, after completing as his reception piece a now-lost religious composition depicting Saint Jerome, Oudry was inducted into the Académie de Saint-Luc. Other religious paintings followed, as well as a long series of portraits, many of which were recorded in the drawings of his early two-volume Livre de raison (Département des Arts Graphiques, Musée du Louvre). In 1710, Oudry married Marie Marguerite Froissé, by whom he would have many children, including a son, Jacques Charles (1722/1723-1778), who also became a painter.
In 1719 Oudry was elected to membership in the Académie royale. From the start of his career, he was attracted to the painting of flora and fauna in the manner of the Dutch animalier painters Frans Snyders (1579-1657), Jan Fyt (1611-1661), Jan Baptist Weenix (1621-1660/1661), Melchior d'Hondecoeter (1636-1695), and Abraham Hondius (c. 1625-1691), and he soon became a congenial rival to the older Alexandre François Desportes (1661-1743), who specialized in the same genres. He proved his mettle in such sumptuous performances as the decorative series of the Four Elements (Stockholm, Nationalmuseum) of 1719-1721 and the pendants Dead Wolf and Dead Roe (London, Wallace Collection) of 1721. These masterpieces were followed by several large hunt pictures, the most notable of which are the Wolf Hunt (Ansbach, Ansbach Residenz) and the Stag Hunt (Stockholm, Royal Palace). As the Académie royale held no exhibitions between 1704 and 1737, for a time Oudry showed his works at the only public venue available to him, the Exposition de la jeunesse, which was held on the Place Dauphine on the feast of Corpus Christi.
The greatest boost to Oudry's official career was provided by his patron, Henri Camille, the chevalier de Beringhen (NGA 1994.14.1), who introduced the painter to the young Louis XV, and he was soon made painter in ordinary of the royal hunts and granted a studio and lodgings for himself and his family in the Tuileries palace. In 1728 the royal arts administration commissioned him to paint a huge canvas representing Louis XV Hunting Deer in the Forest of Saint-Germain (originally hung in the main pavilion at Marly and today in the Musée des Augustins, Toulouse), which he completed in 1730. He depicts himself in the lower right corner of this composition, the first of his celebrations of the chasse à courre, the king's favorite physical activity. For the Château de Compiègne, the artist executed a series of overdoor "portraits" of royal hunting dogs (an example is Misse and Luttine, NGA 1994.53.1). Switching registers, he painted commedia dell'arte subjects, arabesque decorations in the manner of Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721), and views of model farms that hark back to the bucolic landscapes of Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640).
Oudry's favor at court was such that in March 1726 he exhibited the contents of his studio in the Grands Appartements at Versailles. That year another of his patrons, the finance minister Louis Fagon (1680-1744), obtained for him the position of painter to the Beauvais tapestry works, whose director he became in 1734. During his tenure he completely overhauled the administration of the manufactory, imposing strict technical standards on the weavers, whom he compelled to adhere more strictly to the painted cartoons. In a stroke of genius he hired François Boucher (1703-1770) as principal designer at Beauvais. Oudry himself provided cartoons for several series of wall hangings, among them The New Hunts, Country Pleasures, The Comedies of Molière, and The Fables of La Fontaine. In 1733 he began designing for the Gobelins tapestry factory one of eighteenth-century France's greatest masterpieces of the decorative arts, the nine-panel series of the Royal Hunts (modelli in the Musée Camondo, Paris, and full-size painted cartoons in the Musée de Fontainebleau and the Musée du Louvre), which were woven only twice (Musées des domaines nationaux de Compiègne and Florence, Palazzo Pitti). As a reward the artist was appointed inspector of the Gobelins in 1748.
Oudry was made associate professor in the Académie royale in 1739 and full professor in 1743. From 1737 until 1753 he was a regular exhibitor at the Salon in the Palais du Louvre, where he and his family were provided lodgings in 1744. He could count among his international clientele the Margrave of Ansbach, Grand Duke Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1717-1785), and Sweden's ambassador to the court of France, Count Carl Gustaf Tessin (1695-1770). To these patrons he sold some of the most important paintings he had retained in his studio, and for them he executed still lifes, game pieces, hunt scenes, depictions of exotic animals, and rural landscapes. Among the masterpieces of the artist's mature period are Mallards Attacked by a Bird of Prey (Schwerin, Staatliches Museum) of 1740, the Dead Crane (Schwerin, Staatliches Museum) of 1745, The Farm (Paris, Musée du Louvre) of 1750, Bitch Hound Nursing Her Pups (Paris, Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature) of 1752, and the best known of his trompe l'oeil still lifes, The White Duck (collection of the Marquess of Cholmondeley, Houghton Hall, Norfolk; reported stolen in 1992) of 1753. The latter is a stylistic exercise in which the description of the textures and surfaces of the objects is a breathtaking tour de force.
A consummate draftsman, Oudry executed a considerable body of highly finished presentation drawings and preparatory sketches, many of them the result of his direct observation of nature. Between 1725 and 1735 he produced illustrations for two literary masterpieces of the reign of Louis XIV, Le Roman Comique by Paul Scarron (1610-1660) and Les Fables of Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695); a number of these are in the National Gallery of Art. He also drew many landscape studies, the best of which depict views of the abandoned park and gardens of the prince de Guise's estate at Arcueil.
Jean Baptiste Oudry died at Beauvais on April 30, 1755, after experiencing several apoplectic strokes.
[Joseph Baillio, in French Paintings of the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century, The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue, Washington, D.C., 2009: 350-351.]
Conisbee, Philip, et al. French Paintings of the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 2009: 350-351.
Limit to works on view
Limit to works with online images
Limit to works of classification:
Limit to works of artist nationalities:
Limit to works belonging to editions:
Limit to works created between:
Limit to works containing styles:
Limit to works containing photographic processes:
Find works executed in:
Find works containing subject terms:
Alternate Numbers
Find works with an alternate reference number (for example, Key Set number) containing:
Add Number
Key Set Number


text:
"; // } pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write('
'); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(html); pwin.document.write('
'); pwin.document.close(); pwin.focus(); setTimeout(function() { pwin.print(); }, 100); } function writePrinterNew(){ //---------------- // $("[id^='packDescSpan']").show(); // $('#pageList').hide(); var p_content = $('#p_content').html(); $('#p_content').empty(); $('#p_content').append($('#p_h_content').html()); $('#pageList').hide(); //---------------- var html = $('#content').html(); /* conArea는 인쇄하려 하는 ID값. */ //---------------- $('#p_content').empty(); $('#p_content').append(p_content); $('#pageList').show(); // $("[id^='packDescSpan']").hide(); // $('#pageList').show(); // var pageNo = '0'; // pageNo = parseInt(pageNo) + 1; // $("[id='packDescSpan"+pageNo+"']").show(); //---------------- html = html.replace(/##PAGE##/gi, ""); //072 html = html.replace('
').replace('
'); var pwin = window.open('about:blank', 'pwin', 'top=30, left=140, width=830, height=700, scrollbars=1'); pwin.document.open(); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(""); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write(''); pwin.document.write('
'); pwin.document.close(); // pwin.print(); pwin.focus(); setTimeout(function() { pwin.print(); }, 100); }
K-Developedea
Total Development Overview Resources KSP Statistics Web Resources Event Google
Overview of Korea's development experience
Economy Trade
Economic Administration
Economic System
Territorial Development
National Land Development
Marine Development
Government and Law
Law and Legislation
Political Development
Official Aid
Social Infrastructure
Economic Infrastructure
Multi-Sector
Competition policy and chaebol policy
As explained above, wide-ranging intervention by the government in the market continued until the early 1990s. In many cases, the entry and exit of businesses was decided not by market forces but by the government. In the meantime, the Korean economy grew steadily in size and depth. In manufacturing, for example, the real value of shipments increased 5.5 times in two decades between 1975 and 1995 and the number of firms 4.2 times. Market competition increased accordingly.
An important contribution to enhanced market competition was made by the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA), which was legislated in 1980 and became effective in 1981. MRFTA banned or restricted the abuse of market-dominant positions, anti-competitive M&As, undue collaborative activities, unfair business practices, restraints on competition by trade associations, resale price maintenances, and anti-competitive international contracts. MRFTA underwent several revisions afterwards and came to incorporate regulations on the chaebol, going beyond the traditional role of a competition law.1) The organization in charge of competition policy also underwent changes. The Fair Trade Commission (FTC) was instituted in 1981 within the EPB, and was then separated from the EPB and became an independent agency in 1994. The Chairman of the Commission was accorded a minister-level position in the government in 1996.
Despite many achievements, MRFTA faced basic constraints in carrying out its mission of competition promotion. Competition policy was foreign to many policymakers and did not command wide support from the public. The strong tradition of state dominance over the market led many to question whether free and fair competition would help promote industrial development. The government continued to intervene extensively in the market in the 1980s and 1990s by setting up entry barriers, initiating industrial rationalization, keeping a large number of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under its control, and regulating prices. Anti-competitive government regulations were common not only in manufacturing but also in the service sector and the SOE sector. Very slow progress in deregulation and privatization severely limited the role of competition policy (Seong Min Yoo, 1997a).
Deregulation began to emerge as an important priority in the late 1980s. In 1988, the new administration designated ten industries-alcoholic beverages, refineries and others- as targets for deregulation and sought to promote competition in these industries. Another eight industries-shipping, bus passenger transport and others-were added in the following year. The FTC drew up deregulation plans in consultation with the private sector and relevant ministries. In 1990, the Administrative Deregulation Committee was organized within the Prime Minister's Office to spearhead the government-wide deregulation efforts as part of the Comprehensive Economic Vitalization Program. These efforts were inherited and expanded by the Kim Young-sam administration that came into office in 1993.
The main goal of regulatory reform, however, changed quickly as the economy dipped into a downturn in 1989 after heady growth in 1986-1988. Rather than a step toward acompetitive market structure, deregulation was now proposed as away to free businesses from red tape and thereby stimulate their investment. One example was the Comprehensive Economic Vitalization Program of 1990 mentioned above.
This change in tenor created considerable confusion and distorted the reform process (Seong Min Yoo, 1997b). Concerning economic, social and administrative regulations, the deregulation effort was often focused only on administrative regulations, although economic regulations tended to pose a greater threat to competition. Regulatory reform shoud encompass not only deregulation (abolishing unnecessary and harmful regulations), but also better regulation (improving the cost-effectiveness of necessary regulations). But the latter was dropped from the equation in Korea. Regulatory reform is market-friendly, but not necessarily business-friendly, because it makes life more difficult for incumbent firms by exposing them to greater competition. But talk about "business-friendly deregulation" had the potential to lead policymakers to anti-competitive deregulation.
Privatization, another prerequisite for an effective competition policy, was not pursued with consistency either. Privatization in Korea dates back to the 1950s when Japanese properties were sold to the public. Later, SOEs in aviation, surface transportation, mining and manufacturing were privatized in 1968 and banks and refineries were privatized in the early 1980s. In 1987, an ambitious plan was announced to privatize large-scale SOEs such as Korea Telecom Corporation, Korea Electrical Power Corporation and Pohang Steel and Iron Corporation. The privatization, however, ended up only a partial success. Many worried that a large supply of new share issues would overburden the stock market and that economic power would be further concentrated in the chaebol if the latter were to buy the SOEs. Managers and workers of SOEs also fiercely opposed privatization. In 1993, the Kim Young-sam administration announced yet another ground-breaking plan to sell all government shares in 58 SOEs out of 133 existing ones, but the implementation encountered the same objections and fell far short of the original plan.
While competition policy was struggling to take root, regulations on the chaebol multiplied. Attempts to halt economic concentration in the chaebol began in 1974 with the introduction of a credit control system, which was not vigorously enforced and soon neglected. In 1980, another set of regulations was announced, but again the implementation was discontinued after a year. It was in 1987 that the chaebol policy got a fresh start. The cross-shareholding regulation was put in place in the revised MRFTA, and the so-called basket control of credit2) was strengthened. Thereafter, these regulations constituted two of the most important chaebol regulations, but the government also employed other regulations on cross-debt guarantees, intra-group transactions, business diversification, and ownership structure. Such a vast array of regulations, however, failed to stop the concentration of economic power. The share of the largest 100 companies in mining and manufacturing remained at 40-45 percent in terms of shipments and around 20 percent in terms of employment in 1980-1990 with no noticeable signs of decline (Figure 2-14).
This is not surprising given the opportunities facing the chaebol at the time. The government provided an implicit state guarantee to the chaebol's expansion based on the "too-big-to-fail" principle. In fact, the larger a chaebol was, the more it was likely to be saved by the government from bankruptcy. Low interest rates also encouraged borrowing by the chaebol to finance their expansion. The domestic market was too small for the chaebol to realize economies of scale through specialization, and diversification into various business lines was a natural choice for them. Insufficient foreign competition due to import restrictions assured the success of such diversification. Various chaebol regulations addressed the symptoms rather than the root causes of the chaebol problem, and were bound to fail (Sung Soon Lee and Seong Min Yoo, 1995, p.414)
Figure 2-14. Share of the largest 100 companies in mining and manufacturing
In the meantime, the chaebol increased their influence in the political as well as economic arena. After Korea achieved a peaceful transition from autocracy to democracy in 1988, the chaebol gradually broke away from state control. They became more vocal and did not hesitate to criticize the government when necessary.
Given these changes, the government had two alternative choices (Seong Min Yoo, 1997a, p.34). The first was to stop providing implicit state guarantees and accelerate the transition to a free market economy in which competition and the threat of bankruptcy would discipline the chaebol , and the second was to introduce various ad hoc regulations on their behavior. The government chose the second option and failed to tame the chaebol.
The basic solution rested in dismantling the government-business risk partnershp, reinforcing competition policy, liberalizing interest rates, and opening domestic markets to foreign producers. Most of these reforms were launched in earnest only after the 1997 crisis.
Source : SaKong, Il and Koh, Youngsun, 2010. The Korean Economy Six Decades of Growth and Development. Seoul: Korea Development Institute.
NOTE
1) Initially, MRFTA stipulated the necessity of preventing excessive concentration of economic power without defining specific policy measures. Then the regulation on cross-shareholding was introduced in the first revision in 1986 and that on cross-debt guarantee in the third revision in 1992. The ceiling on cross-shareholding was lowered in the fourth revision in 1994.
2) The basket control was applied to the largest 50 chaebol, and intended to monitor and regulate the total flow of credits from each bank into each chaebol and its subsidiaries.
References
· Yoo, Seong Min, "Evolution of Government-Business Interface in Korea: Progress to Date and Reform Agenda Ahead,"KDI Working Paper, No. 9711, Korea Development Institute, 1997a
· Regulatory Reform: Reflections on the Last Ten Years and the Tasks for the Coming Ten Years,"paper presented at a press meeting organized by the Korea Fair Trade Commission, May 16, 1997b (in Korean).
· Lee, Sung Soon and Seong Min Yoo," Evolution of Industrial Organization and Policy Responses," in Dong-Se Cha and Kwang Suk Kim (eds.), The Korean Economy 1945-1995: Performance and Vision for the 21st Century, Korea Development Institute, 1995, pp.370-426 (in Korean).
Business groups(Chaebols) in Korea Lee, Kyu Uck; Lee, Jae Hyung / 1996 / Seoul : Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade
Government policy for controlling Chaebols Shin, Kwang-Shik / 1996 /
The role of competition law and policy in economic development Shin, Kwangshik / 2002 / [Seoul] : Korea Development Institute
Compliance program on competition policy in Korea Shim, Young-Seop / 2006 / [Seoul] : Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade
Korea's competition law and policy Shin, Kwang-Shik / 1997 / [Seoul] : Korea Development Institute
Home KDI School About Us Privacy Policy Virtual Tour Brochure Download Newsletter Bulletin Viewer Download RSS
KDI SCHOOL of publick Policy and Managtment
263 Namsejong-ro, Sejong-si, 30149, Republic of Korea
© Since 2012 K-Developedia. All rights reserved.