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Who invented the Smartphone? An amazing gadget that changed human life
January 13, 2022 January 14, 2022 / By Abijith Sasikumar
Who invented the Smartphone? Asked my grandfather when I paid the electricity bill in just a touch which he used to do after traveling for miles and waiting in the queue for hours. The changes smartphones bought in daily human lives are incredible. The younger generation might not understand the depth of it, but there is the older generation who are awestruck seeing what this small device can do every day.
What is a Smartphone definition?
In 2020 it can be defined as, "A mobile phone with high-speed internet, capacitive touchscreen, capabilities to capture & record 4K/Full-HD/HD videos & can perform almost all tasks which a person can do with his Computer or Laptop."
From the date when the first smartphone hit the market, this gadget has become an integral part of our daily life. We have seen the fast-paced and surprising evolution of these devices in the past few years. With every newer addition, the smartphone became more usable and made our lives easier than before. Today smartphones are the must-have and are available abundantly with a wide range of features and budget ranges.
Who invented the Smartphone?
So, let's find the answer for who made the smartphone or who invented the smartphone? The history of smartphones is almost 3 decades old and since then they have gone through a lot of changes to look like how they are now. Today the biggest names in the smartphone market are Apple and Samsung without a doubt. However, the smartphone inventor is none of these companies but is IBM.
What was the first Smartphone & what year did the first smartphone come out? [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
It was the year 1992 when the smartphone invented. IBM introduced their prestigious new device named the 'Simon Personal Communicator. Considered the first smartphone, this is the device that revolutionized the daily life of humans. Until then cell phones were solely meant for making calls. But Simon made it possible to send emails and faxes along with making phone calls. With around 50,000 devices sold in the early 90s, Simon was the first-ever smartphone to hit the market. Although, not close enough to the features of smartphones available today this device was costly and had extremely low battery life.
The entry of BlackBerry [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
(Running on Blackberry OS 5.0)
Although IBM is the answer to the question of who invented the smartphone, the company was not successful in providing much more user-friendly portable devices in the future. The first company to ever do this and make smartphones popular is Blackberry. The company started with the launch of a portable email device in the year 1999. However, this was not considered a smartphone because it was not possible to make phone calls with it. In 2002 Blackberry launched its first-ever smartphone.
The Blackberry 5810 is the first-ever device that was highly usable and started to bring in more customers. The company also introduced the famous, Qwerty keyboard which was the trend in the first few years of the 21st century. Blackberry was really successful in the market with very little competition. The devices were also of high-quality which gave them a reputation.
The iPhone era [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
In the year 2007, the first-ever iPhone was launched and the rest is history. The iPhones from Apple have a special shelf in the global smartphone market. Although they are criticized for their higher price tags, iPhones always manage to find a way through sales records. You might hear the answer Apple from quite a lot of people for the question who invented the smartphone. This is because the iPhones are the face of modern smartphones, and not a lot of people knew about these devices before the first iPhone was launched.
Apple iPhone (1st Generation)
The first-ever iPhone model was bought by over 6 million people, which was way over the expected mark. With the launch of this device, Apple bought smartphones to a much more mainstream market. Soon after a 3G version of the same device was launched which became more popular than the previous model.
From the look to features the iPhones were appealing and whoever lay eyes on them would want one of these future devices at the time. The highly usable interface and the easy-to-touch interface made their popularity grow very quickly. The added customization with the launch of the Appstore in 2008 improved the usability of the device and more and more users wanted it to be a part of their life.
The competition from Android [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
Just a year after the launch of iOS devices by Apple, a new smartphone OS came to the market to compete with them. The first-ever device with this operating system was launched by HTC. With a sliding keyboard, multi-touch screen and a camera this device did turn some heads. However, iPhones continued to have their success even with the competition put forwarded by Android devices.
(1st commercially available smartphone running on Android OS)
However, Android Operating System was found growing over the years along with iOS. This is how these Operating Systems became the most common ones in the smartphone market. When you look at the market today all we can see are numerous devices running Android and a few flagship iOS devices still having their upper hand in the market.
The unsuccessful competitors [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
Every smartphone users today are well aware of Android and iOS devices widely available in the market. But the more than a decade journey of these devices has seen competitions coming up from a variety of places. The biggest examples of this are Windows Mobile and Symbian from Nokia.
(Powered by Symbian OS 9.2)
Nokia was once the leader of the global cell phone market. The company did try their hands on the smartphone market with Symbian Operating System which was a great success. When iPhones and Android devices were started to make an impact in the market, Nokia was already ruling it with their Symbian OS. However, with the added features that came with each update of iOS and Android Nokia failed to keep up with the competition and was slowly being terminated from the market.
In 2011 the last try of Nokia was collaboration with the Microsoft's Windows Phone Operating System.
(First smartphone running on Windows Phone 7.5 Operating System)
Nokia Lumia 800 introduced in 2011 was the first smartphone running on Windows Phone OS. Despite having superior build quality & attractive designs Lumia smartphones series failed to attract customers & the reason was lack of Applications as compared to Android & iOS. As a result in September 2013, Microsoft bought Nokia and tried to build a market for themself with their good-looking interface & their own branding for a while. However, with iOS and Android offering powerful features Microsoft failed to find the expected sales from the market and shortly discontinued. Later in 2017 Nokia brand returned to the highly competitive smartphone market with Android OS by a licensing agreement with a Finnish start-up HMD Global founded by ex-Nokia employees. [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
The current smartphone market & Durability
(Powered by Android 10 OS)
(Powered by iOS 13)
Sources (1, 2)
Today not a lot are interested to ask the question of who invented the smartphone? The devices available today don't even resemble the first IBM Simon which came out almost 3 decades ago. The smartphone market today is huge and filled with competition from a lot of brands from around the globe. [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
Can a smartphone last 5 years or more ? [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
Image : People using Smartphone
Source: Photo by fauxels from Pexels
Would you like to use the old technology after 5 years? Probably your answer could be "No". There are some reputed smartphone brands like Apple, Samsung & Nokia (If we share few names) who gives you great build quality in their phones, so we can say yes if you have a smartphone designed by any of these brands (or any other reputed brand) then it can last for 5 years or more.
But after 5 years from the date when you purchased your smartphone, technology will be way ahead & you will get a feeling like you are using a very old-aged device that doesn't meet your current requirements. For example, five years ago (2015) it was not possible with any of the flagship smartphones to record a video in 8K resolution but in 2020 that's easily possible with Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra. Similarly, if you see smartphones from 2015 & compare them with smartphones from 2020 then you will see a lot of changes in design & features between them. [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
Future of Smartphones
With a lot of Chinese brands bringing in great value for money devices, smartphones today are much more affordable (if we compare them with few years old). But durability is always a common issue that is yet to be solved with them. With advanced features including artificial intelligence and great hardware put into these small handheld devices, we can't imagine a future without smartphones. [ Who Invented the Smartphone? ]
The world around has turned into something controlled by gadgets. Everything is becoming smart now, from watches to televisions and even footwear. With top companies trying everything to get ahead of their competitors, we can see a lot of improvements in these gadgets in the coming years.
We hope you got the answer to all of your questions like, "What is a Smartphone/Smartphone definition, History of Smartphone, Who invented the Smartphone, When Smartphone invented, What was the first Smartphone.." & many other similar ones. If you guess something we missed & should have to be included in this article then we would love to update this article.
Let us know your views in the comments section below.
Also read: Slow phone charging issues | 8 reasons and best working solutions


Q43. Are there any restrictions if I wish to promote my home finance activities?
be provided, as a reversion occupier, SRB agreement seller1 or home purchaser or as a reversion provider or SRB agreement provider1, with arranging or advisory services.
Communications of this kind are termed financial promotions.
Promotions of home finance administration services or promotions intended to dissuade persons from entering into or varying the terms of regulated plans will not be financial promotions and so no restriction will apply to them.
The following table summarises when the restriction will apply.
Table indicating when the financial promotion restriction will apply to communications about home finance plans.
Will be a financial promotion?
Q44. What are the restrictions that apply if I am making a financial promotion about home finance plans or activities?
The financial promotion will need either to be communicated or approved by an authorised person or to be exempt under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Financial Promotion Order).
If you are an authorised person who is communicating or approving the financial promotion and it is not exempt,3 you will need to comply with the provisions of the Mortgages and Home Finance: Conduct of Business Sourcebook MCOB 3A for financial promotions of qualifying credit, a home reversion plan, a home purchase plan or a regulated sale and rent back agreement3).
Q45. What exemptions may be likely to be available to me when I communicate financial promotions about home finance plans or activities?
A number of exemptions may be available. Those most likely to apply are summarised below.
Introductions (article 15 of the Financial Promotion Order). This applies, broadly speaking, where you introduce clients to an authorised person or an exempt person in the circumstances covered by the exclusion in article 29 of the Regulated Activities Order (see Q17). But this is provided the person to whom you make the introduction is not your close relative or a member of your group. In addition, there is an exemption for promotions concerning introductions relating specifically to home finance plans - see (5).
Exempt persons (article 16 of the Financial Promotion Order). This applies, subject to certain conditions, if you are an exempt person such as2 a registered social landlord or an appointed representative.
Generic promotions (article 17 of the Financial Promotion Order). This applies to a general promotion that does not identify any particular persons as being either providers of, or as offering arranging or advisory services relating to, home finance plans.
One-off promotions (articles 28 and 28A of the Financial Promotion Order). These apply to promotions that are intended for a particular recipient (or group of connected recipients).
Advice centres (article 73 of the Financial Promotion Order). This applies to bodies such as citizens' advice bureaux when they make promotions about home finance plans in the course of their business of providing free advice about debt matters.
Further guidance on these and other exemptions from the financial promotion restriction is in Chapter 8 of PERG (PERG 8).


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Martyrs' stories lie in the belongings they left behind
Samah Abdel AatyJanuary 24, 2012
In their earthly possessions lie the shadows of their souls, like avatars of their bodies that now rest in the ground. Their books, papers, clothes, walls and furniture carry their secrets. Some belongings remain as they left them before their departure while others have been changed to ward off the unbearable grief their deaths have caused in the hearts of their loved ones.
Some of their belongings cause tears to fall while others trigger laughter. A few are just ordinary while others carry tales worth telling — or perhaps they are unworthy — but in the end, they all bear witness to these people who once lived among us.
Ahmed leaves behind an anonymous letter to a girl
Nothing in Ahmed Abdel Latif's bedroom remains as it was when he was alive, as his family completely changed the features of his room after he passed away nearly a year ago. His bed and the couch in his room were rearranged, while his computer table, cassette player, bookcase and the rest of his personal belongings were all taken out of his room. Even his clothes were given away.
"We changed everything because his mother sees him in the room all the time, and sees him in his things and his clothes, so we had to give his clothes away … so she can go on with her life," whispers his eldest sister.
But when you ask their mother, for whom all these changes were made, if any piece of Ahmed's clothing remains at home, she will show you Ahmed's undershirt, which she wears under her galabeya, and say, "This is Ahmed's."
His mother says she never forgets his smiling face. She explains he was her only son of five children. She says she will never forget the day Ahmed left his home in Mahatat al-Raml, Alexandria, on the evening of 28 January last year, better known as the Friday of Anger. She goes on to say she was home alone waiting for (now-ousted) President Hosni Mubarak's televised speech and heard Ahmed asking her if she wanted him to bring home milk on his way back. She says that after Mubarak's speech, Ahmed's friends came, shouting that Ahmed had been shot. Ahmed's father and a number of his neighbors then went out to search for him, only to find him at the morgue.
Nearly a year has passed since Ahmed's death. He was born on 15 March 1989, and he worked at a tire workshop owned by his uncle for seven years. But work didn't hinder his studies, and in January 2011 he had just finished his first-term exams for his fourth year at the Higher Institute for Computer Maintenance. However, Ahmed was killed before he ever had a chance to see his exam results.
Since Ahmed was never a big talker, after his passing, his family looked through his papers and books in search of any notes or the like, only to find a short letter in one of his drawers addressed to an unknown girl. In the letter Ahmed proposes marriage to the girl. The family tried to find her but their efforts were in vain.
Islam's dream of going pro
Islam Abdel Wahab lived alone in his late grandmother's apartment on Marasena Street in Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo. He had asked his mother if he could live there after his grandmother had passed away so he could study in a peaceful and quiet atmosphere. His mother gave him the key to the apartment and transferred his bed, closet and desk there. Nothing was moved after his death and everything remains just as Islam left it; even the sheets haven't been changed for nearly a year now.
Islam was killed on 28 January and ever since, the apartment has been encompassed in deadly silence. The apartment consists of a tiny living area with one couch on the right and a bookcase and TV set on the left. Islam loved watching the sports talk shows discussing his favorite sport — football.
Entering the adjacent room, you will see Islam's desk on which lay his notes from the Faculty of Law at Cairo University where he attended his second year of university. His small bed, which lies on the other side of the room facing his desk, is neat because his eldest sister Dina always came to make it for him. The curtains which he rarely opened cover the balcony door, and his clothes, including his soccer outfits, remain in his closet. A colorful rug depicting a number of horses galloping hangs on one wall, while one showing an image of the Kaaba hangs on another.
Nothing in the apartment had changed since his grandmother's passing except for the addition of his bedroom furniture, which his mother bought him five years ago. His eldest sister had given him her old desk which she no longer needed since she finished her studies, and he kept his modest dreams hidden in its drawers.
Islam, who was born on 8 June 1992, had one dream in particular that dominated his mind — becoming a professional soccer player. For years, Islam played soccer for fun, ever since he was a child, at the Arab Contractors Club. We he grew up he refused many an offer to join professionally after he had promised his mother he would finish his studies at the university.
Islam's mother became the head of their household after her husband passed away and left her to take care of three kids and all she wanted in life was to raise her children in the best way possible. Therefore, Islam reluctantly studied hard, but his dream never died.
This is evident on examining the doodles he made on his university notes, which include his nickname, "Islam Meteb," after his favorite soccer player, Emad Meteb.
Islam's favorite soccer team was Ahly, but he dreamed of playing for any of the soccer clubs. His closet is full of shirts for different teams, including Barcelona. He won a number of medals and cups during the matches he played, and these are now hidden away by his sister to avoid causing any more grief to their mother.
Mohamed was buried in his blood-soaked clothes
To Mohamed Ahmed Youssef, his bedroom, although small, was his big world. His family tried to give Mohamed and his younger brother, nicknamed "the Prince," enough space in their tiny apartment in Suez, but he had little privacy. His bedroom consists of a large bed and a huge table with a TV and computer on top and his work equipment stored below. Mohamed had several jobs — during the day, he worked at an oil company and in the evening, he worked at an upholstery business. During holidays, he worked as a freelance butcher.
On the evening of 28 January, Mohamed joined a group of angry protesters only to end up what seemed like moments later in the public morgue.
Mohamed's mother changed nothing about his small room after he was killed. The bed faces the doorway and sits under a large window overlooking their small street, which branches off Sidi Ghareib Square.
Each morning, 25-year-old Mohamed got out of bed, got dressed and went off to the oil company he had worked at since receiving his bachelor's degree at a private computer institute. Mohamed helped with the family's expenses as his father was retired, and he was also helping his sister Amira buy some of the household appliances she needed for marriage.
Mohamed bought his sister an electric oven, which can still be found in his room, as well as a large plastic doll for Ramadan. He also bought his mother a mobile phone on Mother's Day.
A hollowed-out ceramic duck sits inside Mohamed's closet. Inside the duck, Mohamed kept a souvenir from the early days of the revolution in Suez, an eagle that police wear on their epaulets. He also kept a bracelet he had bought for his sister that was now too small for her, as well as a black mobile phone cover, a key ring carrying his and his brother's nicknames on it and a silver ring. His sunglasses and cigarette lighter still lie inside the closet as well.
Inside a cardboard carton under the table in his room, Mohamed stored some of his belongings, including the side-view mirror of the motorcycle he bought with his own earnings that his father used to transfer injured protesters to the hospital during the early days of the revolution. After Mohamed was killed, his motorcycle remained parked outside their building until it was stolen three months ago.
Despite being extremely busy, Mohamed joined the protests in his city on 25 January, his mother says, and remained on the streets with the other protesters even as violence escalated.
Mohamed hadn't joined the protests to demand the right to employment, as he was already employed, but he went out to demand the rights of all Egyptians to "bread, freedom and social justice."
Mohamed left his home for the last time on 28 January. He and a number of other protesters were shot that evening and, in accordance with Sheikh Hafez Salama's fatwa, he was buried in his blood-soaked clothes.
Mina Daniel's room awaits his return
Mina Daniel's room on the second floor of his family home in Ezbat al-Nakhl, Cairo, looks like he just left it yesterday. The window in Mina's room overlooks one of the neighborhood's main streets, and he always kept his window open because he hated closed areas.
Mina, the youngest of his siblings, was born on 1 August 1991, and he received his diploma from the Industrial School in Restoration of Monuments in 2008.
His bedroom consists of a wooden bed with an adjacent side table on which several books sit. Mina's closet and his desk, on which his personal computer can still be found, lie on the opposite side of the room.
Mina left his room for the last time on the evening of 9 October, when he joined the Coptic march protesting the demolition of the Marinab Church in Aswan.
Mina's tidy bed is covered with a pillow and a blanket, and his clothes are neatly folded in his closet. His toothbrush, shaving cream, deodorant and sunglasses still lie on one of his shelves as if waiting for the young man with long hair to come home.
In his room you can find Mina's papers everywhere, in his closet and desk drawers and between the pages of his books. The papers include school work, political leaflets and revolutionary statements. Mina was an avid supporter of the revolution.
In a TV interview with media personality Wael al-Ibrashy, Mina had said he joined the protests on 25 January to protest the overwhelming unemployment rate and to demand improvement of the education system, which he described as corrupt. He went on to denounce political corruption in Egypt and the lack of justice or equality for its citizens.
In one of his desk drawers, Mina kept a large paper on which he wrote "the revolution's demands." He summarized these demands as "public trials for corrupt individuals" and the "dissolution of the National Democratic Party." On another sheet of paper, Mina wrote down the phone numbers of detainees and on another, the number of detainees whose families he failed to contact. He had also jotted down his thoughts on the various "million-man" protests he had participated in.
Mina's leftist inclinations are apparent from the books he kept by his bedside. These books include "Dead Sea" by George Amado, a poem titled "The Poor Always Lose When It Comes to Love" by Ali Mansour, and "Dawn of Conscience" by James H. Breasted.
He also owned a copy of the Arab Studies Journal entitled "Gaza Prisoner Magdi Ahmed Hussein" and a copy of "Henri Curiel: The Legend and the Other Face," part of the complete works of Salah Abdel Sabour, "History by Ibn Khaldun," "Sheikhs Without Daggers: The Transformation of Political Islam in Egypt" by Abdel Aty Mohamed, and finally, Abdel Rahman al-Jabarti's "The Wonders of the Effects of Translations and News," which Mina's sister says he bought a few days before he died and never had the chance to read.
Appreciation of Mina's role in the revolution and the million-man protests is evident in the certificates of appreciation he received from various sources. Inside one of his books, one by Tawfiq al-Hakim titled "The Youth's Revolution," someone named Abdu wrote him the following note: "To my dear brother Mina, who represents an icon of the 25 January revolution, to which we owe a debt of gratitude and appreciation."
Mina was shot dead during the Coptic-led march to Maspero on 9 October. He left pictures of his family in a small plastic bag inside one of his desk drawers, while not a single picture of him can be found. The love Mina's family has for him is apparent from the writing on his wall. In one of the writings, dated 1 November 2010, Mina's younger sister Sherri urges him to eat the sandwich she left him by his bed. In another, she tells him she left him some dessert in the refrigerator. Mina himself only wrote down three words in his room, on his bedroom door — the words "God is love."
Translated from Al-Masry Al-Youm
25 Jan 2012 25 January revolution martyrs martyrs' families protests Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Tahrir Square
Iran's regime is trying to execute its way out of trouble
Protests in Stockholm, including Koran-burning, draw strong condemnation from Turkey
Indonesia's President says he regrets country's bloody past as victims demand justice
More than 80,000 people turn out for Tel Aviv protest against Netanyahu government

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A história dos judeus no Líbano abrange a presença de judeus no atual Líbano que remonta aos tempos bíblicos. Após a emigração em larga escala após a Guerra Árabe-Israelense de 1948 e, muito mais importante, a Guerra Civil Libanesa, a grande maioria dos judeus libaneses agora vive em países ocidentais e muitos vivem em Israel. Como o último censo no Líbano foi realizado em 1932, praticamente não há estatísticas disponíveis. Em 2006, havia cerca de 40 judeus no Líbano,  enquanto em 2020 havia apenas cerca de 29 judeus no Líbano. Relatórios indicam que em 2022 o número de judeus no Líbano era de 20 para 27.

História

Início do século 20
Em 1911, judeus da Itália, Grécia, Síria, Iraque, Turquia, Egito e Irã se mudaram para Beirute, expandindo a comunidade com mais de 5.000 membros adicionais. Os Artigos 9 e 10 da Constituição do Líbano de 1926 garantiam a liberdade de religião e forneciam a cada comunidade religiosa, incluindo a comunidade judaica, o direito de administrar seus próprios assuntos civis, incluindo a educação, e assim a comunidade judaica era constitucionalmente protegida, fato que não se aplicava a outras comunidades judaicas na região. A comunidade judaica prosperou sob o mandato francês da Síria e do Líbano, exercendo considerável influência em todo o Líbano e além. Eles se aliaram ao Partido Falangista de Pierre Gemayel (um grupo maronita de direita inspirado em movimentos semelhantes na Itália e na Alemanha, e o movimento falangista de Franco na Espanha) e desempenharam um papel instrumental no estabelecimento do Líbano como um estado independente.

Pós-Criação do Estado de Israel
O Líbano foi o único país árabe cuja população judaica aumentou após a declaração do Estado de Israel em 1948, atingindo cerca de 10.000 pessoas. No entanto, após a Crise do Líbano de 1958, muitos judeus libaneses deixaram o país, especialmente para Israel, França, Estados Unidos, Canadá e América Latina (principalmente para o Brasil).

A Guerra Civil Libanesa, que começou em 1975, foi muito pior para a comunidade judaica libanesa, e cerca de 200 pessoas foram mortas em pogroms. A maioria dos 1.800 judeus libaneses restantes migrou em 1976, temendo que a crescente presença síria no Líbano restringisse sua liberdade de emigrar. Em 1982, durante a invasão israelense do Líbano em 1982, 11 líderes da comunidade judaica foram capturados e mortos por extremistas islâmicos. Durante a invasão israelense, alguns dos judeus libaneses que emigraram para Israel retornaram como tropas invasoras.

Em 2010, começaram as obras de restauração de uma antiga sinagoga em Beirute, a Sinagoga Maghen Abraham. A sinagoga havia caído em desuso depois de ser bombardeada por Israel vários anos antes.  O telhado desabou e árvores e arbustos cresceram sob ele. A Solidere concordou em fornecer fundos para a reforma porque os oficiais políticos acreditavam que isso retrataria o Líbano como uma sociedade aberta e tolerante ao judaísmo. A restauração foi bem-sucedida, o jornal israelense Haaretz intitulou a "sinagoga restaurada à glória". Nenhum dos judeus envolvidos no projeto concordou em ser identificado.

A mídia internacional e até alguns membros da comunidade judaica (dentro e fora do Líbano) questionaram quem rezaria ali. O autodeclarado chefe do Conselho da Comunidade Judaica, Isaac Arazi, que deixou o Líbano em 1983, acabou se apresentando, mas se recusou a mostrar seu rosto para as câmeras em uma entrevista na televisão, temendo que seus negócios fossem prejudicados se os clientes sabiam que estavam lidando com um judeu.

Exemplos de judeus libaneses

 Adriana Behar - medalhista olímpica no vôlei de praia
 Joseph Safra - Banqueiro Brasileiro
 Emmanuelle Beart - atriz francesa
 Edmundo Safdie - banqueiro brasileiro
 Moshe Safdie - arquiteto canadense
 irmãos Safdie - diretores de cinema
 Neil Sedaka - cantor
 Gad Saad - psicólogo evolutivo
 Justin Hurwitz - compositor musical vencedor do Oscar
 Niels Schneider - ator
 Caroline Aaron - atriz americana
 Yuval Noah Harari - historiador e filósofo
 Lolita Chammah - atriz francesa

Ver também
Êxodo judaico dos países árabes
Conflito Israel-Líbano
Religião no Líbano

História do Líbano por tema
História do Líbano
Grupos étnicos do Líbano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Made famous for its impressive groves of towering trees, the Sequoia National Park is a popular destination for a good reason. Following its discovery and the subsequent harvesting of its plentiful lumber supply, the Sequoia National Park became only the second national park, preceded by Yellowstone. With more than 600 miles of land within its boundaries, this park features more than just the giant trees it is most known for. Visiting the sequoia groves is a favorite pastime, but so is exploring the crystal cave, the sole cave of more than 200 open to the public. Regardless of your interests, venturing to the Sequoia National Park is an item worth crossing off your bucket list.
What makes the sequoia groves so spectacular is that the particular breed of giant sequoia that grows to such massive heights only naturally occurs in a region of just 60 miles. Park staff estimate there are around 40 distinct groves of giant sequoia trees within the park. Driving through the groves are not permitted, but there are plenty of walking tours and even opportunities to climb certain sequoias (with proper equipment, of course).
Sequoias can typically grow to exceed heights of 200 feet, and many have surpassed 300 feet. They are the second oldest kind of living tree below the bristlecone pines of the White Mountains. There are a number of trails that weave through the forests, including the Big Trees Trail, a 1-mile loop that is one of the more popular trails among visitors.
Found in the Giant Forest is General Sherman, considered to be the tallest living sequoia tree. While its age is not known, it is estimated that the tree is well over 2000 years old. With a base width of more than 36 feet and a still-rising height of 275 feet, General Sherman is an impressive specimen. There are shuttles which take patrons to the grove and allow them to pass by General Sherman. The tree is surrounded by a fence for its protection and preservation, but its massive size is sure to inspire awe.
In this underground trail, numerous growths of white crystalline marble provide an enchanting, accessible environment. Rangers offer guided tours of the cave and provide information on the history, formation, and key features; they also serve as a layer of protection from potential vandals. There are regions in the cave that bear natural streams, and the temperature inside the cave is always a chilly 48℉, but the rare geological sight is worth the effort of bundling up.
The Sequoia National Park is worth visiting; with knowledgeable rangers, a host of incredible vegetation, and opportunities for engagement beyond the infamous trees, it certainly deserves the impressive reputation it has earned since its opening in the early 20th century.


I'm From Barcelona have generated a good amount of buzz in the US since their tour last year. While this is their sophomore release, following their 2007 debut, Let Me Introduce My Friends, this record marks their first album for high-regarded label Mute and their official break onto our shores. Who Killed Harry Houdini was highly anticipated and definitely delivers, and it is an uplifting yet grounded pop masterpiece. The record flows effortlessly from song to song despite the changes in tone, proving the band's versatility. They have achieved a superb balance between upbeat pop songs and slower paced folk infringed tunes. The band has accessibility yet isn't over the top in terms of pop sensibilities.
Beginning with the slow building "Andy," the album meanders but never strays off course, climaxing with the almost-title-track "Houdini" which rocks out while maintaining their essence. It is the only song on the record prominently featuring electric guitar. The group's backing vocals remind me of The Polyphonic Spree on their first record, but the whole vibe is more like the sweeping gestures of Broken Social Scene. These comparisons make sense considering the fact that I'm From Barcelona is known for having more than 25 band members. And importantly, the band is not from Barcelona at all; they're from what is more like a small town in Sweden — a country in which, it seems, there is something in the water that yields musical talent.
Instrumentally, the album is quite diverse, with tracks ranging from the quiet violin number of "Rufus," the closing track, to the bombastic trumpets and trombones of the single, "Paper Planes." Even though the music often sounds light-hearted, it deals with some serious themes. "Paper Planes" is catchy but speaks of loneliness and isolation in a big city. But I'm From Barcelona are able to make the listener feel exuberant despite the fact that the concept of the album is rather depressive, centering around the faults and failings of an amateur Harry Houdini. The album reflects this conflict, sounding like the soundtrack to late night drinking in some jolly pub, with its well-timed celebratory moments mixed in with melancholy interludes. For drinkers and non-drinkers alike, I'm From Barcelona thoroughly entertain.


The "dough" for these sweet candy hearts is really forgiving, so don't hesitate to let your kids get involved with the kneading.
Gluten-Free Almond Cupcakes with Honey Merengue Buttercream and Apricot Filling. Apricots, almond and honey. Three flavors that belong together.
This delicious Gluten-Free Kale + Sweet Potato Lasagna swaps sweet potato puree for the ricotta, and gets an added healthy kick from kale – making an easy, delicious and healthy upgrade!
These homemade Pop-Tarts take a little work but are more than worth it – and they taste even better than the storebought ones you know and love.
These hearty cranberry muffins are chock-full of healthy goodness and fantastic flavor. Try them with a small pat of butter or a drizzle of honey (or both).
This gorgeous martini packs a bright citrus punch. Serve it straight up in a martini glass, or over ice with a splash of soda.
These chocolate-y candy bars have the same flavor you know and love from the name brand, but they're much more fun to eat homemade!
The long-simmered flavor of this chicken stock comes from overnight cooking in the slow cooker – and takes just five minutes of active prep time.
These double chocolate zucchini muffins are easy to make and take no time at all. There's cocoa in the batter and dairy free chocolate chips in every bite.
This frozen yogurt is just frozen berries, frozen banana, So Delicious unsweetened vanilla cultured coconut milk and a little honey. Blend and devour.


Reviewing Morrissey's memoirs seems a peculiarly pointless exercise. If you were ever going to read it, you've read it by now – bought it within 12 hours of its publication, read it, reread it, covered it with annotations and red underlinings and marginal exclamation marks emanating from the eternal existential bedsit of the moaning adolescent soul. If you haven't bought it by now, you've probably not much interest in Morrissey or The Smiths, or any of that.


Home » Appetizers » Chickpea Flour Sticks: Spicy,Gluten free and Vegan!
These Chickpea Flour Sticks were a recent discovery for me, but an automatic hit! An easy-to-assemble, spicy, gluten-free and vegan appetizer made with simple ingredients.
My daughter actually introduced the idea of this recipe to me just a few weeks ago. She was talking about some travelling that she had done this summer, and mentioned the "chickpea fries" that she had tried when she was in Vancouver.
She described the ingredients to me, and how to make it, and I just knew I had to try it out! Making it with her made for a fun and relaxing morning, and at the end of it all, they tasted just fabulous.
1 – A wonderful finger food! I love serving good appetizers at a party, and these Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks certainly fit the bill! Served with this Homemade Garlic Yogurt Sauce (recipe for that coming soon!), these little treats will certainly be gone in an instant any time you have family or friends over!
2 – The ingredients! You only need six ingredients to make these delicious little sticks, five of which I'm sure you already have on hand: salt, pepper, red chili flakes, garlic, and olive oil. The sixth ingredient is chickpea flour, which you can find in the health or gluten free sections of your grocery store.
Did you know that chickpea flour is gluten-free? Basically, it is the result of grinding chickpeas, either roasted or raw. As far as the texture is concerned, it kind of resembles cornstarch but with clumps.
3 – The flexibility in taste! This recipe for these Chickpea Flour Sticks has a medium amount of spice, but you can add more or less red chili flakes to suit your needs. I personally have a pretty low tolerance for very spicy foods, so when I make these for myself, I use less red chili than I indicated below. But when I make them for my daughter, I add a little more. It's all up to you!
4 – The flavor! You would think that a recipe that had so few ingredients would probably be on the "simple" side of the taste spectrum. But I have found that these Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks pack a surprising punch! These appetizers have a complex, savory flavor that took me completely by surprise the first time I tasted them.
5 – The assembly! There is nothing to it! I will go into details a bit further down in the post, so I don't want to repeat myself, but really, it couldn't be a simpler appetizer to put together.
6 – Appropriateness for guests with different dietary restrictions! These Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks can be enjoyed by individuals with different dietary restrictions, which makes it the perfect party food when entertaining lots of guests.
7 – The healthiness! Chickpea flour is a good source of protein, iron, and dietary fiber. And since I pan-fry my Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks (rather than deep fry), the sticks stay as light and healthy as can be.
These little treats are perfect in so many ways, and are so easy to assemble as well. As promised, let me walk you through the process of making them.
As I mentioned, only 6 ingredients are needed to make these Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks: salt, pepper, red chili flakes, garlic, olive oil, and chickpea flour. Oh, and you'll need water too!
To begin with, bring the water to a rolling boil. Add the salt to the water. In the meantime, whisk the pepper, red chili flakes, and chickpea flour together. Mince the garlic and combine it with the dry ingredients.
When the water is boiling, reduce the heat to the lowest setting. Slowly add the chickpea mixture into the water, and whisk continually. Don't walk away from the mixture, even for a minute – just whisk!
You need to whisk continuously until the mixture has the consistency of a thick porridge. This takes about 5 minutes. Your arm may get a little tired doing this, but the end result is worth it. 🙂 Try your best to minimize the clumps in the mixture as you whisk.
Once you have whisked everything together, quickly pour the resulting mixture into a baking pan that has been lightly greased. Place the pan in the fridge until it sets, minimum 30 minutes. When the mixture has set, you are ready to start pan-frying!
Cut the now-set chickpea mixture into rectangles roughly 1 inch wide. If you wanted, you can also cut them 1/2 inch wide in order for them to resemble thin home fries.
Heat up one and a half tablespoons of olive oil in a non-stick pan on medium-high heat (If you recall, we used this same method to make these delicious Italian Potato Croquettes). Pan fry half the sticks, rotating them regularly so that all sides brown evenly. When all sides have taken on some color, you are done! Remove them from heat, set them aside, and continue pan-frying the remaining sticks.
My daughter loves to travel. Thanks to modern technology, she is able to share her experience with all of us back home. However, there are some details that only got mentioned months later. For example, I knew that she would often meet and befriend other travelers, and that often, she would cook together with her new friends at their hostels. Like mother, like daughter!
When she brought these times up, I would ask her what she made for everyone else. It never really occurred to me to ask what others made for her. A real shame too, because I could have discovered these Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks much sooner if I had!
It turns out that these Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks are actually a well-known finger food from the south of France called panisse. And according to my daughter, it was indeed a young woman from Nice who originally showed her how to make these.
The hostel where my daughter and this young woman were staying had a kitchen, free for use, and was stocked with some basic ingredients. The young woman decided to make them panisse because the only ingredient she was missing for it – the chickpea flour – was very easily obtained in Vancouver, where the two were staying.
Apparently, the recipe was passed down from the woman's grandmother. She didn't really measure anything when she made the recipe, just threw things in pinches and dashes. My daughter feels like the measurements we figured out together when we recreated the panisse make a similar end-product.
I did my own research on panisse while writing this post. Imagine my surprise when I found out that before it reached France, it actually originated from the region of Liguria, in north-west Italy! I had never heard of any such dish.
I guess that is unsurprising, given that my husband's heritage (and mine) is from the south of Italy. Like I always say, the culinary traditions of Italy are extremely diverse for such a small country!
These Spicy Gluten Free Vegan Chickpea Sticks are a rustic, flavorful, and healthy finger food. You can serve them as an appetizer at all your parties. They also make a great snack food during any events you have coming up! I recently made them for our New Year's Eve celebrations, and will definitely be making them for the Super Bowl as well.
★★★★★ If you have made these Chickpea Flour Sticks, I would love to hear about it in the comments below and be sure to rate the recipe!
These Spicy Gluten free Vegan Chickpea Flour Sticks are a rustic, flavorful & healthy fingerfood -a great appetizer for your Super Bowl Party.
Grease or line with parchment paper an 8 x 8 baking dish. Set aside.
In a medium pot, add salt to the water and bring to a boil.
In a large mixing bowl, add the spices and garlic to the chickpea flour and whisk together until no lumps are visible.
Once the water is boiling, reduce to lowest setting and slowly add the chickpea flour.
Whisk CONTINUOUSLY for about 5 minutes. Mixture will become thick.
Pour the chickpea mixture in the greased or paper lined baking dish and spread evenly.
Place in refrigerator for a minimun of 30 minutes.
With a very sharp knife, cut in quarters. Then, cut lengthwise at 1-inch interval to obtain 16 sticks.
"Pan fry" half of the chickpea sticks in 1 1/2 tablespoons of olive oil until golden on all sides. Repeat with other half.
Transfer to dish and serve with favorite dipping sauce.
There is an inactive time of 30 minutes while the chickpea sticks firm up in the refrigerator.
You can also make smaller sticks -cut each portion again in half.
These chickpea sticks can also be baked in the oven.
I would rather bake these. Would you be able to let us know the over temperature, and how long it would take in the oven…? thanks.
I've never worked with chick pea flour — but you certainly have me intrigued. Love this healthy, GF spin on an Italian classic. Beautiful recipe!
Maria, I love cooking with chickpea flour and these remind me of Sicilian Panelle, although probably a bit healthier! It's interesting to see how the different regions of Italy use similar ingredients but in different ways. Thanks for sharing!


The Ghanaian Immigration Service (GIS) has disqualified candidates with bleached skin and stretch marks from a massive recruitment exercise.
A GIS spokesman told the BBC this was because people with such marks might bleed during the "strenuous" training.
Some Ghanaians condemned the bar as sexist and unfair. Those with tattoos, dreadlocks and "bow legs" were also disqualified from the exercise.
The GIS received some 84,000 applications for just 500 jobs.
"The kind of work we do, it's strenuous and the training is such that if you have bleached skin or surgical marks on your body during training exercises, you may incur some bleedings," Superintendent Michael Amoako-Attah, told BBC Pidgin.
Candidates must undergo a medical and a full body check as part of the GIS recruitment process.
It is the ban on stretch marks which has aroused most anger on social media.
This is the latest controversy surrounding the GIS recruitment exercise.
Ghanaians also reacted angrily when the agency revealed it was only recruiting 500 people, after some 84,000 people had paid 50 cedis ($11; £8) each for an application form.
A local MP, Richard Quashigah, has urged rejected applicants to take the GIS to court to recover the application fee.


The new members were elected at the Orange County United Way Board Meeting held on July 24, 2018 and will serve through April 2021.
As Executive Director at Cushman & Wakefield, Robert Lambert advises corporations and professional firms in the leasing, acquisition, and disposition of commercial real estate on a national and global basis. He also designed and leads the company's mentoring initiative that fosters the career development of more than 90 mentees annually.
Bill Pedigo joined the Anaheim Ducks in 2016 as Chief Commercial Officer where he oversees the organization's major revenue areas, including corporate partnerships, premium seating and ticketing. He also manages partnerships and advertising at FivePoint Arena and Great Park Ice as well as all of THE RINKS facilities.
The major leadership roles of Orange County United Way's board of directors include visioning, direction setting for the organization and ensuring results. The board represents United Way in the community, brings the public voice to the organization's decision-making, and is charged with stewardship and accountability to maintain the trust of the community.
Orange County United Way is committed to creating a stronger community where everyone has access to a quality education, a sustainable income, better health and stable housing—the building blocks for a good life.
Today's Orange County United Way fights for the Education, Health, Housing and Financial Stability of every person in Orange County. We focus on long-term solutions to the most critical interconnected challenges facing local children and families. Through our 10-year collaborative, community-wide action plan, "FACE 2024" (an acronym for Fund, Advocate, Collaborate, Educate), by 2024 we will cut the high school dropout rate in half, increase the number of healthy youth by one-third, cut the percentage of homeless and housing-insecure children in half and reduce the percentage of financially unstable families by 25%. By mobilizing local businesses, community organizations, governmental agencies and individuals, we make a long-term measurable difference in our community. UNITED4OC, we change the lives of adults and children right here in Orange County and create a brighter future for every one of us. To learn more or to join our fight, visit www.unitedwayoc.org.


The deadline is approaching for employers with 50 or more full-time employees or full-time equivalents (FTEs) to file new health care information returns. Here is a summary of what applicable large employers (ALEs) need to know about their reporting requirements.
Most employers affected by the new regulations will be subject to the reporting requirements of Sec. 6056, which will allow the IRS to identify employers that do not offer minimum essential coverage to their full-time employees and, if at least one such employee qualifies for a premium tax credit with respect to a qualified health plan, assess the applicable penalty to the ALE of $2,000 per year per full-time employee (or one-twelfth that amount for any month). Because employers that do offer coverage must also report specifics as to offers of coverage and the cost to individuals by month, individual employees and the IRS can calculate the affordability of the coverage to the household and determine eligibility for premium credits. If an employee applies for insurance through a health care exchange and receives a premium tax credit because his or her employer's offer of coverage was not affordable or did not provide minimum value, the IRS may assess against the employer the higher $3,000 annual penalty (or one-twelfth for any month) with respect to each such full-time employee.
To comply with Sec. 6056, an ALE must file Form 1095-C, Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage, for each full-time employee and the related Form 1094-C, Transmittal of Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage Information Returns, with the IRS on or before Feb. 29, 2016 (March 31, 2016, if filed electronically), for the 2015 calendar year. The employer must furnish employee statements to employees on or before Feb. 1, 2016.
To provide the required information, employers must track by month whether minimum essential coverage providing minimum value was offered to the employee and his or her spouse and dependents, as well as whether coverage was offered to the employee in a month the employee was not a full-time employee.
Two alternative reporting methods are available that may simplify reporting for certain employers. If an ALE makes a "qualifying offer" of minimum essential coverage to an employee (and his or her spouse and dependents) for all 12 months of the calendar year, the ALE can indicate this by a code entered on Form 1095-C and does not need to report the employee's share of the lowest-cost monthly premium on the Form 1095-C. The ALE also does not need to furnish a copy of Form 1095-C to the employee; it can instead provide a simplified statement to the employee with certain prescribed information notifying the employee that he or she will not be eligible for a premium tax credit.
If an employer certifies that it offered minimum essential coverage providing minimum value to at least 98% of its employees and their dependents, the ALE can provide a simplified statement to the employee, does not need to identify which employees were full-time, and does not need to complete the full-time-employee count on Part III of Form 1095-C.
For a detailed discussion of the issues in this area, see "New Information-Reporting Requirements for Employers Under the Affordable Care Act," by Jenny Smerud, CPA, in the December 2015 issue of The Tax Adviser.
An update on developments in employee compensation and benefits issues.
The second part of a discussion of tax considerations for Up-C partnerships.
A look at how to help clients plan for cash flows in retirement.


Critical discussion of impact to the Valley area and Fountain City.
JOIN US as Debbie Eklund -our Sister from another Mother (England)- revisits to talk about her observations of local politics and other topics in Columbus and the surrounds!
Next week, our Guest will be the owner and founder of Unique Euphony Publications to talk about their authors and recent latest projects!


An allegation of domestic abuse against actor Michael Fassbender has resurfaced in a new report from The Daily Beast, which cites a 2010 court filing from Fassbender's ex-girlfriend, Sunawin Andrews.
Andrews reportedly filed for a restraining order against Fassbender in March 2010 for allegedly dragging her alongside a car and, in a separate incident, breaking her nose.
A nearly decade-old allegation of domestic abuse against actor Michael Fassbender has resurfaced in a report from The Daily Beast published on Monday.
Fassbender, who married actress Alicia Vikander in October, was accused in 2010 by his then-girlfriend Sunawin Andrews of dragging Andrews alongside a car and, in a separate incident, breaking her nose, according to a court petition which Andrews filed and The Daily Beast recently obtained.
Andrews, then a 36-year-old aspiring model and actress, reportedly filed a restraining order against Fassbender in March 2010 for the alleged abuse committed in 2009.
TMZ first reported in 2010 on Andrews' court filing and allegation of abuse, but as The Daily Beast notes, the allegation never gained much traction in the public or media's perception of Fassbender, known for his leading roles in films like "Steve Jobs" and the latest incarnation of the "X-Men" franchise.
Fassbender has also never commented on the allegation publicly. The actor's representatives did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.
In response to The Daily Beast article, Andrews referred the outlet to her statements filed in the court petition.
In the court filing, according to The Daily Beast, Andrews alleged that Fassbender became upset after one of her ex-boyfriends said hello to her while she was dining with the actor and two friends at a restaurant. Andrews said that Fassbender was "drinking and became angry," and that her friends followed them home, concerned.
"Michael was driving my car dangerously fast and screaming at me. I begged him to stop the car in fear of an accident or for my children who were home asleep," Andrews wrote in the filing. "As we got closer to my house I put my car in stop. Got out walked around the car to pull key from ignition. Michael drove of[f] dragging me along from the car."
In the court filing, Andrews said that she went to the hospital on November 29, 2009, 11 days after the alleged incident, to treat "a twisted left ankle, blown out left knee cap, and a bursted ovarian cyst."
A former friend of Andrews' who attended the same dinner told The Daily Beast that she "didn't witness anything [Fassbender] did to her" the night of the alleged car dragging.
Andrews also alleged that, in a separate incident at a film festival in July 2009, Fassbender became violent and broke her nose the morning after a night of drinking.
"He was sleeping in urine," Andrew wrote in the court filing of Fassbender. "I woke him and he began to be violent and threw me over a chair, breaking my nose."
According to the records obtained by The Daily Beast, a judge granted Andrews a temporary restraining order that called for Fassbender to move out of the couple's home in Bel Air, which Andrews said was leased in her name.


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1. This is to notify the Nigerian Stock Exchange and the public that Mr. Phil John Jenkins, a Non-Executive Director, gave notice of resignation from the Board of Directors via his letter dated 10 April 2017; the Board formally considered and accepted his resignation with effect from 25th 2017 at its meeting held on same date.
2. Mr Cephas Afebuameh, an Executive Director, also gave notice of his resignation from the Board via his letter dated 13 April 2017; the Board formally considered and accepted his resignation with effect from 25th April 2017 at its meeting held on same date.
3. The Board at its meeting of 25 April 2017 approved the appointment of Mr Leo Breen as a Non-Executive Director of Guinness Nigeria Plc with effect from 25 April 2017.
We would also like to bring these changes to the attention of the market.


cm-unicode: Computer Modern Unicode font family.
Computer Modern Unicode fonts were converted from metafont sources using mftrace with autotrace backend and fontforge. Some characters in several fonts are copied from Blue Sky type 1 fonts released by AMS. Currently the fonts contain glyphs from Latin (Metafont ec, tc, vnr), Cyrillic (lh), Greek (cbgreek when available) code sets and IPA extensions (from tipa). This font set contains 33 fonts. This archive contains AFM, PFB and OTF versions; the OTF version of the Computer Modern Unicode fonts works with TeX engines that directly support OpenType features, such as XeTeX and LuaTeX.


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How To Check CPU Temperature On PC, Laptop – Normal Temp Range
November 28, 2022 September 14, 2022 by Webziz
Are you a vast user of a PC? Here is the blog that gives you a clear idea of how to handle the CPU temperature range and how to identify it easily. Come on, Let's get started.
The central processing unit (CPU) in your PC needs to undergo an optimal temperature to perform at its best. Most CPUs operate at a comparatively low temperature if they are under a light load, and the temperature might elevate to certain actions which may highly demand more processing power.
Note: When the CPU Temperature range gets triggered up, you may get issues with your PC's performance & even on components. Modern CPUs have launched with built-in thermal protection; if the temperature gets higher, it accelerates by itself. At times, the hot CPU can also result in the PC shutting down. If the CPU's high temperatures persist, it may damage parts easily.
Let's get in-depth with reference to the temperature ranges:
How to measure CPU Temperature?
How to monitor your CPU temperature while gaming:
Reasons why CPUs overheat:
Ways to reduce CPU temperature:
Every gadget has its own tolerance temperature depending upon its device manufacturing. Here, let's look up CPU's Temperature.
PC: The tolerable range is between 150- and 160 degrees Fahrenheit (65 to 70 degrees Celsius) if the PC is running vital apps. This temperature can rapidly increase with reference to 175 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius) at the time of any activities like playing games or running intensive software.
Laptops: Laptops have more compactly packed components with less airflow to run at a higher temperature than PCs. Hence, the tolerance/acceptance temperature range for laptops with a low load is around 160 to 170 degrees Fahrenheit (71 to 80 degrees Celsius). If your laptop is highly engaged with running games, temperatures might shoot around 190 degrees Fahrenheit (88 degrees Celsius).
It's very interesting to get into this part – Yes, Motherboards have available with sensors to monitor CPU temperature, but they are typically retrieved in the BIOS settings and doesn't support real-time monitoring. We have users add third-party apps like Core Temp, Open Hardware Monitor, and HWMonitor by cpuid which may deduct the actual temperature of your device on the active display.
Eventually, these apps support real-time temperature readings of the CPU and they have the capacity to monitor each core's readings. It is highly worth to install and ensure the actual temperature of the CPU to determine its working capacity and to monitor other PC components. We have some liquid coolers that can also display the CPU temperature, but users either require tempered glass panels or open the case to view it.
Here's how to monitor your CPU temperature while gaming:
Download and install Core Temp.
Connect through the application to see the main dashboard.
Get under the section-Temperature Readings, and verify the temps for each CPU core.
Use the Max column to monitor the highest processor temperatures verified by Core Temp. And using the Load column, you can find the current CPU load of each core.
We have various reasons why a CPU ends up in overheat. Let's look at the major points.
If your CPU's cooler seems to be damaged or dirty can end up with overheating issues on your PC/laptop.
Other reasons like inadequate airflow in the case or cooling.
In certain cases, the high ambient temperature in the room or reference to the stress from intensive tasks can also result in CPU overheating issues.
As we have a number of reasons to reduce the CPU temperature when it reaches its maximum range.
Make sure by inspecting the CPU fan or AIO whether it is functioning correctly or not.
Eventually, look at whether it has enough airflow in the case and try to clean the deposited dust or lint buildup which may block the vents.
If it is the reason, add more fans to elevate the air intake and expel the warm air.
At last, try to replace the case by fixing the best with its accommodation for fans and liquid coolers.
Reference Video: How to check your CPU temperature – OVERHEATING CPU
Categories How To, Tech Tags cpu, laptop, pc, windows
How To Download CPU Z On PC? – Full Features | CPUID
AMD Ryzen 5 3600x Specs, Price And Review


Technology has improved our lives in many ways, but it has also become the root of many problems. As mobile phones, navigation devices, and in-vehicle entertainment systems have become more prevalent among road users, distracted driving has become a major threat to public safety. Now, some enthusiasts are asserting that technology may be the solution to a larger problem. Some designers believe that self-driving cars and autonomous driving features are the solution to human error, which is often caused by distracted driving. This raises a number of interesting liability questions in Kentucky car accident cases, one that courts will undoubtedly be grappling with in the coming years. For example, if you're operating a self-driving vehicle that crashes, is it you or the car manufacturer that is to blame?
If you have been involved in a car accident involving either distracted driving or a self-driving vehicle, it is important to speak with an experienced Louisville car accident attorney. Personal injury claims arising from car accidents are affected by these new and evolving areas of law.
Self-driving cars have become an increasingly familiar sight on roads across the United States. Autonomous features, such as lane assist and drift control, are also improving safety in new vehicle models.
Forbes reports that Cadillac has even released an eye tracking feature that senses when drivers are looking at a mobile phone. The research indicates that autonomous driving features are, indeed, reducing accident rates. According to the Wall Street Journal, one study estimates that self-driving vehicles could eliminate up to 90 percent of all auto accidents in the United States. This figure may sound unrealistic until one considers that the vast majority of accidents are caused by human error. Indeed, Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society reports that approximately 90 percent of auto accidents are the result of driver error. Self-driving vehicles hold vast potential in their ability to effectively eliminate the opportunity for driver error to occur.
Drivers have legal obligations under both the statutes and case law of the state of Kentucky. Section 189.292 of the Kentucky Revised Statutes prohibits the use of personal communication devices while operating motor vehicles on a traveled portion of a roadway. The statute specifically prohibits text messaging, instant messaging, and email, but it can encompass other digital communications as well. Many apps use the text-based communication that is prohibited by the statute. Thus, using Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and other popular apps can also be a violation of the law.
Drivers in Kentucky, as in other states, also have a legal obligation to operate their vehicles with due care. A driver who causes an accident because he or she was using a cell phone will likely be found to have violated this duty, regardless of what apps or communication methods were being used on the phone. Such negligence can lead to claims against the driver's auto insurance carrier, lawsuits, disciplinary action against the defendant's driver's license, fines, and other penalties.
While self-driving cars may someday reduce the problem of distracted driving in Kentucky, for now it is almost exclusively up to drivers to accept personal responsibility for eliminating distractions. Parents should also help their teen drivers eliminate distractions in the vehicle. This may include handheld devices, car radios, or even the mere presence of other teens in the vehicle - all of which contribute to teen accident rates. When accidents do occur, a Louisville car accident attorney can help injury victims identify all responsible parties and legal causes of their crash.


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Home › Climate Change › Perils of deregulating energy: Texas blackouts a snapshot of the fraught future of an unbundled Eskom
Perils of deregulating energy: Texas blackouts a snapshot of the fraught future of an unbundled Eskom
Posted on May 28, 2021 by AIDC — No Comments ↓
Jonathan Cannard | DailyMaverick | 26 May, 2021
"The byzantine electricity market in Texas may have left it more vulnerable to winter outages."
The so-called developing world – including South Africa – has the advantage of learning from the many mistakes of what calls itself the developed world. Unfortunately, the developing world often reproduces these same mistakes, often at the behest of those who first made them. The South African government's plans for Eskom threaten to reproduce this pattern, leading the power utility down the well-trodden, fraught path of deregulation.
In February 2021, much of the continental US was hit by an enormous winter storm. The northern regions of the country are well accustomed to such weather, but the southern state of Texas was quickly overwhelmed by the severity of the storm. Among the most disastrous consequences of Texas' unpreparedness was electricity generation failure, which left millions of homes without power in dangerously cold temperatures and for days at a time. As a result, dozens of people died. Furthermore, consumers who did have power were left with exorbitant bills, some paying well over $10,000 for a few days of service. In many cases, power utilities were able to take these bills directly out of people's bank accounts, immediately leaving them with nothing.
The state's governor, and numerous others, erroneously blamed the generation failures on renewable energy, stating that wind turbines froze in the cold weather. The reality, however, is that most of the generation failures stemmed from the inability of natural gas turbines to operate in the cold weather. Renewable energy has its limits, in that the sun does not always shine, and the wind does not always blow. It is known as a "variable energy resource", meaning that its generation is not entirely under human control, but is contingent on outside variables, namely weather.
Natural gas is used to produce power in Texas only when there is excess supply not used for home heating. The cold temperatures of Texas' storm meant that no natural gas could be spared for energy generation. In South Africa, natural gas is not used for residential heating, and is therefore more reliable, hence the government's deal with allegedly corrupt Turkish firm Karpowership.
However, natural gas is in fact a fossil fuel, and although cleaner than coal it still emits enormous amounts of carbon dioxide when burnt, making it unsuitable as an energy supply. In light of this, the variable nature of renewable energy must be a serious consideration in the energy transition, particularly given increasingly unpredictable global weather patterns. But the notion that renewable energy is to blame for Texas' power failures is blatantly false. In the face of climate change, one of the biggest challenges facing humankind, it is imperative that we justly transition towards renewable energy generation. But moving forward with decarbonisation requires an awareness and consideration for the variable nature of renewable energy generation sources.
So, if renewable energy is not the cause of this disastrous failure of power generation, then what is? The answer lies in Texas' decades of deregulation. Traditionally, power generation is organised by vertically integrated utilities, in which generation, transmission and distribution are owned by a single entity (often state-owned) which sets electricity prices and plans distribution. Vertically integrated utilities do not necessarily operate for-profit, and many are structured much more like a government department than a commercial enterprise.
They are certainly sometimes commercially driven, such as Eskom following its 2001 reorganisation and corporatisation. But vertically integrated utilities can also produce and distribute electricity as a public good, rather than a profitable commodity. In the past, many national utilities did treat electricity this way, operating at a loss so as to ensure widespread electricity access.
Texas' power system, however, is deeply deregulated. What this means is that private electricity-generating companies compete with each other in selling power to an independent systems operator, which then handles the distribution to households and businesses. Power is constantly auctioned, and prices to both the systems operator and consumer are highly variable. When demand is high, such as during a winter storm, prices for consumers can skyrocket. Plenty of Texans can now attest to this.
Furthermore, because power generators in a deregulated system are for-profit, they are prone to cutting corners. When the storm hit, Texas' natural gas power plants and wind turbines had not been adequately winterised. Neglected power plants immediately seized up. Prioritising cost reduction over safety and reliability proved enormously costly for the rest of society.
Due to global climate change, weather is becoming increasingly unpredictable and unstable. Electrical assets must be weatherised and prepared for any contingency, such as winter storms, cyclones or similar extreme weather events. Such maintenance may not be profitable, but Texas' recent blackouts show the consequences of neglecting it. A vertically integrated utility can plan and implement maintenance and weatherisation regardless of profitability, with the understanding that these expenses are necessary when producing electricity as a public good. A for-profit, deregulated energy system, however, is prone to neglecting such costs in the interests of profit, and to the detriment of the public.
A recent report produced by a consortium of civil society groups and trade unions, Eskom Transformed, argued that Eskom must retain its vertically integrated structure and be rapidly decorporatised, rather than furthering its deregulation. Only through abandoning the sale of electricity for profit, in favour of equitable public spending, will a just transition be ensured.
South Africa has much to learn from Texas' experience. Eskom is on the path towards being "unbundled", part of a broader project of deregulating the South African electricity sector. As part of its deregulation, Eskom's transmission component is going to be turned into the Independent Transmission Systems and Market Operator (Itsmo), the purpose of which would be to organise the purchasing of electricity from myriad private electricity generators. The South African Itsmo would foster competition between private generators through auctions to sell electricity to the public. Prices to consumers would be determined not by a vertical utility's decision, but by market forces.
Attentive readers will recognise that this system is almost exactly the same as Texas' system, and is likely to have similar consequences for electricity prices and the durability of the grid in the face of severe weather and other disruptions.
Furthermore, a reliance on auctioning for the provision of electricity prevents any possibility of a just transition to renewable energy. In the face of the global climate crisis it is imperative that the world rapidly decarbonise, including a widespread shift to renewable energy. But if this necessary transition does not include plans for the livelihoods of workers in fossil fuel sectors, the economic and social consequences will be disastrous.
A notable comparison would be the devastation left in the wake of South Africa's gold mines. As the gold mining industry has declined, companies have left behind toxic dumps, polluting the communities that once served as labour pools for the mines. These communities are left in heavily polluted areas without jobs or livelihoods. In the absence of a just transition, the shift away from coal will have similar consequences for communities around the country.
The rehabilitation of mining-affected environments is enormously expensive, hindering corporate profits. But this environmental rehabilitation is crucial, and corporations must be compelled to rehabilitate the environment regardless of profitability. Deregulating the energy sector, and organising electricity through an Itsmo, will increase the primacy of the profit motive, incentivising corporate power producers to cut corners. The incentive to produce electricity as inexpensively as possible will make it increasingly less likely that mining-affected environments and communities will receive the rehabilitation and social expenditure they need following mine closures.
‹ Government does not have the right to ignore rural citizens
Local Government in South Africa: Briefing Papers ›
Posted in Climate Change, Eskom Transformed, One Million Climate Jobs


text:
JUST WHEN I THOUGHT I WAS OUT
Trump to GOP: Sorry, but You're Gonna Have to Campaign on Obamacare Repeal
Republicans thought they were in the clear with no vote until after the election. They were overly optimistic.
Sam Brodey
Congressional Reporter
White House Reporter
Photo Illustration by Sarah Rogers/The Daily Beast/Getty
A top ally to President Trump said on Tuesday that Capitol Hill should expect a fresh health-care plan from the White House soon, just a day after the president himself conceded that no real movement on the issue will happen until after the 2020 election.
Rep. Mark Meadows (R-NC) told The Daily Beast he believes the Trump administration "will have the framework for a comprehensive health-care initiative within months."
"I can tell you he is working, and his administration are working, as if we will bring it up legislatively this year, but pragmatically understand that a future Congress actually deals with it," said Meadows.
The prediction from Meadows foreshadowed the president's latest position, which he reportedly made clear on Tuesday night. Appearing at a fundraiser for House Republicans, Trump said he would come up with a health-care plan to run on in 2020 and then put to a vote at the dawn of his second term, should the GOP win control of both houses of Congress.
That pledge, and Meadows' apparent support of it, adds another layer of confusion to a chaotic stretch in which Trump has embraced, backed away from, and embraced again the idea of once more trying to repeal and replace Obamacare.
Last week, the Trump administration endorsed a court ruling that would, if upheld, strike down the entirety of Obamacare, throwing the future of the law into greater legal uncertainty. At a Senate Republican lunch, Trump urged lawmakers to take another stab at ambitious health-care legislation and publicly tasked three GOP senators the assignment of crafting a "beautiful" new bill.
Days later, Trump had relented in response to behind-the-scenes pressure from Republicans who noted that they do not control the House currently, could not repeal and replace the law when they did, and got clobbered during the 2018 midterms for trying. By Monday evening, the president's sunny declaration that repeal was moving forward in Congress was replaced with tweets saying that his party was developing a "really great HealthCare Plan"—and that a vote on it would be taken after the election.
In seemingly punting on a health-care battle till after the 2020 elections, Trump relieved most Republicans on Capitol Hill. On Tuesday, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell revealed that he told the president that the Senate would not be taking up repeal-and-replace legislation this session.
Asked if there was any daylight between him and Trump on health care, a grinning McConnell simply told reporters, "not anymore."
As McConnell framed the president's health-care fit as water under the bridge, members of his conference criticized the party for passing on a chance to go after a law they loathe and have campaigned against for nearly a decade.
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) told a Fox News reporter that some of his colleagues need to see if Amazon is "selling spines at a special discount this week."
"The only reason I've heard not to tackle health care is politics," Kennedy told The Daily Beast, "and that's not a good enough reason."
Other close allies of the president were content to leave responsibility for crafting a health-care plan with Trump, all while not offending him by seeming eager to move on to other topics.
"The president is going to develop something he feels comfortable with, and hopefully most of us can rally around it," said Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC).
Graham, who speaks regularly with Trump, is up for reelection in 2020. He suggested that a Trump health-care proposal could be useful for Republicans on the campaign trail by giving the party a proposal to compete with Democrats' increasingly ambitious plans to expand Medicare and Medicaid.
"There's not the votes to get a bill passed," Graham said, "but I think we need to show the public why Medicare for All is a bad idea and why Obamacare is failing." He did not offer specifics on what such a plan would look like, but did say it might look like the repeal bill he co-authored with Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA) that nearly passed the Senate in 2017.
Those tasked with re-electing the president, meanwhile, couldn't help but exhale as he appeared to take his foot off the gas.
"My sense is healthcare is a complicated issue as we have found out in the past. There is no bill that Republicans or Democrats have that can be pushed through right away," said Ed Rollins, a longtime Republican strategist who heads the pro-Trump Great America PAC. "The votes aren't there. The Democrats control the process [in the House and]...they're obviously not going to do anything except like Medicare for All."
Rollins added it "would be very foolish" for Trump and Republican lawmakers to dive back into a healthcare debate that has in recent years proved so politically and electorally toxic to the GOP.
"Don't waste the effort at this point in time," he said.
Republican strategists beyond Rollins have increasingly warned that health care reform has become a political quagmire for the party. But for Trump, it remains a lingering, bothersome box unchecked. The first year of the Trump presidency was largely defined by the shambolic, wide-ranging failures of the administration and the GOP to follow through on their long-held promise to finally kill the Affordable Care Act. And it's one that still causes fits of stress for those who were in the White House as it unfolded.
"The first attempt at healthcare was a debacle," Cliff Sims, a former White House official and ex-friend of Trump's, told The Daily Beast on Tuesday.
"The President had heard all of these congressmen go on and on about 'repeal and replace' for so long that he assumed they'd be able to just get it done. As is so often the case with Congress, they couldn't. That led to a different approach on tax reform," he continued. "We were all joined at the hip with our Hill counterparts. And even with total Republican control, that was still a herculean task. With a divided Congress [today], it's hard to imagine anything nearly as significant as healthcare reform getting done, especially since neither party has any motivation to work with the other going into what promises to be another polarizing election cycle."
Sam.Brodey@thedailybeast.com
@swin24asawin.suebsaeng@thedailybeast.com
Got a tip? Send it to The Daily Beast here.


text:
Taphrorychus är ett släkte av skalbaggar som beskrevs av Eichhoff 1879. Taphrorychus ingår i familjen vivlar.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life och Dyntaxa:

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Vivlar
Taphrorychus


Duochrome shadows are my absolute weakness and I can never, ever seem to pass them up. I was organizing my stash this last week and sheepishly realized that I had at least eight brown-green shadows. I'm a little ashamed to admit that at various times I owned even more but my MAC Green Brown Pigment is MIA, I broke MAC Club a few years ago and swapped away Too Faced Label Whore. BUY ALL THE DUOCHROMES!
From left to right: LORAC 3D Multiplex Palette, Wet'n'Wild Comfort Zone Palette, Wet'n'Wild Night Elf Palette, Rock & Republic Lawsuit, Chanel Sphinx, Prestige Bewitched, Catrice C'mon Chameleon!, L'oreal HiP Intrepid Pigment. All swatched on bare skin.
Chanel Sphinx has the largest green sparkle, but also the crappiest duochrome out of the bunch. Rock & Republic Lawsuit is the coolest and has the finest and most intense duochrome. You'd think that the two Wet'n'Wild shades would be the same, but I find the shadow in Comfort Zone to have more green. Prestige Total Intensity Bewitched is the lightest of the bunch, almost a frosty tan. I think that L'oreal HiP Intrepid is the most eye catching but sadly it is also discontinued. Heck, the majority of these shades are discontinued or HTF. Sorry for taunting you.
Do you have a certain shade of shadow or any other product really, where you keep buying it over and over despite the possibility of dupes?


Shorebirds are nesting on our beaches, and in many areas we are already sharing the beach with tiny hatchlings. Many towns rope off nesting areas on the beach so shorebirds, who lay their eggs on the sand — in a little depression they create called a "scrape" –can have a safe place to raise their young undisturbed by human and domestic animal intrusions. Not only can you watch the birds from outside the ropes as they raise their babies, but it's easy to have a good time at the beach while keeping nesting shorebirds safe. This wonderful video from South Carolina Audubon shows how birds nest on the beach and has some great suggestions for keeping them safe!


Back in August, Arca tweeted about a new album called Mutant. Whilst there's no release date or tracklist as of yet, the Venezuelan artist has today revealed the first morsel of music that we've heard from the new release, 'Soichiro'.
Named after frequent collaborator Jesse Kanda's middle name, the track – a bristling percussive undergrowth, snarling with shining strings and piercing shards of trance, set above plosive rumblings and cut up snippets of actual noise – is accompanied by a typically Kanda-created video.


text:
Q: why i cant use htaccess in xampp? my name is mr.rico , i just build up my website for a anime call akifansubs.com.
my design and the program is not have any problem.... but....
where i try to use .htaccess file my xampp does'nt respons
ex
akifansubs/index.php become like this akifansubs/index.
and this the code for htaccess file
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.html -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html
# Replace html with your file extension, eg: php, htm, asp

this is what i found a few hours ago
what should i do ? try to u make some change in xampp httpd con but it doesnt work :(

A: I know that this question was asked multiple times already and is answered, but I will give a little more comprehensive answer based on my experience.
Here is the .htaccess code snippet that will help you:
# Apache Rewrite Rules
 <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
   Options +FollowSymLinks
   RewriteEngine On
   RewriteBase /

# Add trailing slash to url
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,5}|/|#(.*))$
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/ [R=301,L]

# Remove .php-extension from url
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f
  RewriteRule ^([^\.]+)/$ $1.php

# End of Apache Rewrite Rules

I want to stress some important things here for everybody's reference:
This code snippet doesn't remove entry scripts from url (such as index.php used by many PHP frameworks)
It only removes .php extension, if you want to remove other extension as well (e.g. .html), copy and paste 3rd block and replace php with other extension.
Don't forget to also remove extension from anchors (links) href.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Die Tetradecane sind eine Stoffgruppe aus der Gruppe der Alkane. Sie besteht aus 1.858 isomeren Verbindungen mit der Summenformel C14H30. Der lineare Vertreter ist das n-Tetradecan.

Die folgende Übersicht listet alle konstitutionsisomeren Tetradecane nach der Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome in der Hauptkette (Grundgerüst) und nach deren Substituenten auf.

Isomere

Tridecan-Grundgerüst
 2-Methyltridecan
 3-Methyltridecan
 4-Methyltridecan
 5-Methyltridecan
 6-Methyltridecan
 7-Methyltridecan

Dodecan-Grundgerüst

Dimethyl

Ethyl
 3-Ethyldodecan
 4-Ethyldodecan
 5-Ethyldodecan
 6-Ethyldodecan

Undecan-Grundgerüst

Trimethyl

Ethyl + Methyl

Propyl
 4-Propylundecan
 5-Propylundecan
 6-Propylundecan
 4-(1-Methylethyl)undecan
 5-(1-Methylethyl)undecan
 6-(1-Methylethyl)undecan

Decan-Grundgerüst

Tetramethyl

Ethyl + Dimethyl

Diethyl
 3,3-Diethyldecan
 3,4-Diethyldecan
 3,5-Diethyldecan
 3,6-Diethyldecan
 3,7-Diethyldecan
 3,8-Diethyldecan
 4,4-Diethyldecan
 4,5-Diethyldecan
 4,6-Diethyldecan
 4,7-Diethyldecan
 5,5-Diethyldecan
 5,6-Diethyldecan

Methyl + Propyl

Butyl
 5-Butyldecan
 5-(1-Methylpropyl)decan
 5-(2-Methylpropyl)decan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)decan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)decan

Nonan-Grundgerüst

Pentamethyl

Ethyl + Trimethyl

Diethyl + Methyl

Dimethyl + Propyl

Ethyl + Propyl

Butyl + Methyl

Dimethylethyl + Methyl
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-methylnonan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-methylnonan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylnonan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-methylnonan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-methylnonan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-methylnonan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-methylnonan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylnonan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-methylnonan
 6-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-methylnonan
 6-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-methylnonan

Dimethylpropyl
 5-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)nonan
 5-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)nonan
 5-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)nonan

Ethylpropyl
 5-(1-Ethylpropyl)nonan

Octan-Grundgerüst

Hexamethyl

Ethyl + Tetramethyl

Diethyl + Dimethyl

Triethyl
 3,3,4-Triethyloctan
 3,3,5-Triethyloctan
 3,3,6-Triethyloctan
 3,4,4-Triethyloctan
 3,4,5-Triethyloctan
 3,4,6-Triethyloctan
 3,5,5-Triethyloctan
 4,4,5-Triethyloctan

Trimethyl + Propyl

Ethyl + Methyl + Propyl

Dipropyl
 4,4-Dipropyloctan
 4,5-Dipropyloctan
 4-(1-Methylethyl)-4-propyloctan
 5-(1-Methylethyl)-4-propyloctan
 4,4-Bis(1-Methylethyl)octan
 4,5-Bis(1-Methylethyl)octan

Dimethyl + Methylpropyl

Dimethylethyl + Dimethyl

Ethyl + Butyl
 3-Ethyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)octan

Dimethylethyl + Ethyl
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyloctan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-ethyloctan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-ethyloctan
 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyloctan

Ethylpropyl + Methyl
 4-(1-Ethylpropyl)-2-methyloctan

Heptan-Grundgerüst

Heptamethyl

Ethyl + Pentamethyl

Diethyl + Trimethyl

Triethyl + Methyl

Tetramethyl + Propyl

Ethyl + Dimethyl + Propyl

Diethyl + Propyl
 3,3-Diethyl-4-propylheptan
 3,4-Diethyl-4-propylheptan
 3,5-Diethyl-4-propylheptan
 3,3-Diethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan
 3,4-Diethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan
 3,5-Diethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan

Methyl + Dipropyl
 2-Methyl-4,4-dipropylheptan
 3-Methyl-4,4-dipropylheptan
 2-Methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-4-propylheptan
 2-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-4-propylheptan
 3-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-4-propylheptan
 2-Methyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)heptan
 2-Methyl-3,4-bis(1-methylethyl)heptan
 2-Methyl-4,4-bis(1-methylethyl)heptan
 3-Methyl-4,4-bis(1-methylethyl)heptan

Butyl + Trimethyl

Butyl + Ethyl + Methyl
 3-Ethyl-5-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)heptan
 5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)heptan
 5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)heptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-2-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-3-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-4-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-5-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl-3-methylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-ethyl-2-methylheptan

Butyl + Propyl
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-propylheptan
 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan

Hexan-Grundgerüst

Octamethyl
 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octamethylhexan

Ethyl + Hexamethyl
 3-Ethyl-2,2,3,4,4,5-Hexamethylhexan
 3-Ethyl-2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylhexan
 4-Ethyl-2,2,3,3,4,5-Hexamethylhexan
 4-Ethyl-2,2,3,3,5,5-Hexamethylhexan

Diethyl + Tetramethyl

Triethyl + Dimethyl
 3,3,4-Triethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan
 3,3,4-Triethyl-2,4-dimethylhexan
 3,3,4-Triethyl-2,5-dimethylhexan
 3,4,4-Triethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan
 3,4,4-Triethyl-2,3-dimethylhexan

Tetraethyl
 3,3,4,4-Tetraethylhexan

Pentamethyl + Propyl
 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,3,4,5-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,3,5,5-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,4,4,5-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,4,5,5-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,3,4,4,5-Pentamethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,3,3,5-Pentamethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,2,3,4,5-Pentamethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)hexan

Ethyl + Trimethyl + Propyl

Diethyl + Methyl + Propyl
 3,4-Diethyl-2-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan
 4,4-Diethyl-2-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan

Dimethyl + Dipropyl
 2,2-Dimethyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,4-Dimethyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,5-Dimethyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)hexan
 2,5-Dimethyl-3,4-bis(1-methylethyl)hexan

tert-Butyl + Tetramethyl
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan

tert-Butyl + Ethyl + Dimethyl
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan

Pentan-Grundgerüst
 3-Ethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan
 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)pentan
 3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylpentan

Einzelnachweise

 Tetradecane
Stoffgruppe
 Tetradecane


We can add value via tWe provide a range of advisory and business services to a diverse client base ranging from small businesses and start ups to subsidiaries of large International plc's.
Although we have a particular emphasis on a few key sectors we also advise many clients from sectors as adverse as Professional Services, Oil & Gas, Recruitment, Transport and Logistics, Property and Construction and Healthcare to name a few.
Irrespective of the sector that the client operates within, without exception we will get to know their business operation in detail and understand what challenges they face. It is very much our philosophy that until we fully understand your business we cannot advise you on how to make it better.