Do you have the backbone? The Virginia Offroad Series presents "The Devils Backbone Challenge," a mountain bike race through the scenic Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains. Come test your skills and stamina against other mountain bikers in this grueling 12 mile event. Categories include levels for expert, sport, and beginner for both men and women cyclists, with special categories for high school mountain bikers.
The Devils Backbone Challenge will begin at 10:00 am on Saturday, May 23, 2009.
Live music throughout the weekend and lots of other fun activities, will make this an event that everyone can enjoy.
Located just 7 1/2 miles from the Virginia Cabin Rentals at Cabin Creekwood.


The year started of pretty much the way it ended for me, with more hard work at my box (a CrossFit gym).
You're probably wondering how I got here and what I'm talking about. So let me go back 6 months or so.
I've always been a chubby fellow and for a long time I've wanted to do better as it regards being in the best shape I can be. So last year, 2018, I decided to follow the advice of two friends (Makonem Hurley & Kiendra Leonce) and sign up for membership at a CrossFit gym. I decided to join LIMITLESSPERFORMANCECROSSFIT for a few reasons. Reason 1 proximity: it was the closest CrossFit gym to me..that I know of any way and reason 2: the first class is 4:30AM. This allows me to get in a class and still order my day.
So it's been 6 months so far and according to persons who know me, I've made progress but when I look into the mirror I still see a chubby guy 🙈. Lol.
Fast forward to 2019. The image above was the one class so far that I did not want to do. In fact when my coach wrote it up I wanted to just get into my car and leave but no burpee pain, no burpee gain. So I hunkered down or more aptly laboured down and got through this workout. Truth be told I'm making progress as I feel stronger, my energy levels are up and the weight in some of the workouts doesn't feel like it's trying to bury me into the ground. That's good right?
So that's where I am. Follow me to Fitness. Here's a question for you.


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Do You Have a Well Designed Organization Assignment
The Multiuse Enterprise AT FIRST BLUSH, giant corporations such as Collector, C.V., Hertz, Home Depot, Kroger, Marriott International, united Parcel Service, Wall-Mart, and Yum Brands seem to have thing in common, apart from appearing on the Fortune 500 list in 2007. They operate in different industries and face distinct business challenges. Yet That's the gap in management thinking we set out to fill. Structurally they are very much alike. Each is, wholly or partly, How typical is this organizational structure?
What special what we call a multiuse enterprise – a geographically dispersed challenges does It pose? Can multidimensional companies learn organization built from standard units such as branches, segregating from multiuse enterprises? To find some answers, ice centers, hotels, restaurants, and stores, which are agree adopted a two- pronged research approach. First, after contacted Into larger geographic groupings such as districts, reduction a literature review, we studied Staples – the world's goons, and divisions.
Every tier has its own set of managers. Largest office supply company, headquartered In Birmingham, Those higher up have larger profit-and-loss statements, based Massachusetts – In microscopic detail. We observed and Non the number of operating units reporting to them. All these terrified managers at several levels of the company over a levels of management constitute the field organization, and two-year period. Staples provided us with unfettered access, they are responsible for meeting financial and operating targets set by corporate headquarters.
Meanwhile, various dean because Its operational and financial performance has apartments at headquarters frame policies, develop programs, been budgeting, pricing, and marketing article. Second, to ensure that our arguments were valid, we decisions that shape the field organization's interviewed managers and collected data at priorities, behavior, and actions. 12 other multiuse enterprises, including Boardinghouse's. G Multiuse enterprises have become the deer, C.V., Sovereign Bank, Cataracts, and For details on the authors' research, norm in several industries, such as apparel, Victorians Secret (owned by Limited Brands). See the Harvard Business School case studies titled "Management Levels banking services, consumer electronics, food In the following pages, we discuss the unique at Staples" (A, B, C, D, E, and F) at and drug stores, general merchandise, hospices that multiuse corporations face, derivativeness. Org. Laity, hardware, mail and package delivery, scribe how managers tackle them, and draw and toys and sporting odds. Many of them some lessons from our research that will are large corporations, with national or international foothill managers at all kinds of organizations execute strategy. Prints. By our count, they include 10 of the 25 largest employer key findings: Multiuse enterprises employ four levels of errs in the world and six of the 25 best employers in the United field managers with carefully defined responsibilities and use States, as listed by Fortune magazine.
According to Chain Store five organizational-design principles to implement strategy Guide, in 2007 the top 10 U. S. Eluting retailers (in terms of effectively. Annual sales volume) generated more than $717 billion in sales and employed 3. 45 million people. Of the Fortune 100 compete Challenges of Multiuse Enterprises nines, 20% are to some degree multiuse enterprises. Fewer of It isn't easy to make a multiuse enterprise hum like a wealthy exist in developing countries, although that will change oiled machine. In addition to issues such as specialization, as those economies become more services-intensive. Ordination mechanisms, decision rights, and organizational Despite its prevalence, he multiuse enterprise has received boundaries, which all companies confront, such a structure little attention from academics and consultants over the years. Faces four distinct problems. Instead, they have associated the operation and management First, multiuse enterprises find it hard to maintain consists large corporations with the multidimensional organizational teeny, because they are agglomerations of hundreds, constructive.
That form, pioneered by DuPont and General Motives thousands, of branches, service centers, hotels, resonators in the sass, divides companies into independent divisions rants, or stores. To create one company out of so many units, specializing in different products, services, technologies, or managers must pay a great deal of attention to implementations. Most books on organization describe the multifunction. They must focus continually on aligning priorities, plans, signal enterprise in detail but say nothing about the multiuse and practices across a highly dispersed field organization. Enterprise – or else dismiss it as old hat, because its managerial Since these companies promise customers the same brand hierarchy, specialized Jobs, and centralized power structure experience everywhere, employees must adopt common operates to resemble the traditional bureaucracy that sociologist eating practices, serve customers in similar ways, and present a Max Weber described in the early sass (see, for instance, his uniform image.
While flawless execution is the goal, it's diffusion The Theory of Social and the 108 Harvard Business Review communication, control, and deployment processes necessary to deliver consistently high levels of service. Second, multiuse organizations must ensure some degree of customization even as they pursue standardization. They must respond to the extinctive features of local and regional markets to achieve the best results. For instance, in some cities, Wall-Mart, Cost, and Target compete on a relatively equal footing; in others, one dominates the market.
If any of them adopts a uniform pricing policy for both types of locations, it is likely to lose market share in some areas while forgoing profits in others. Multiuse corporations must customize their marketing and merchandising programs because consumer demographics and tastes vary from place to place. Employees' availability, skill sets, and wage levels differ by region, as ell, so companies have to adopt different labor practices.
These enterprises constantly wrestle with issues such as how much tailoring corporate headquarters should allow; how to balance the advantages of local responsiveness with those of global uniformity; and whether to leave differentiation to the discretion of the store, the district, or a larger region. Third, the sharp division of responsibilities between corporate headquarters and the field organization causes many problems. For the most part, executives at headquarters make strategy decisions that relate to, say, reduce positioning and advertising, as well as financial decisions such as the size of annual budgets and performance targets.
Decisions about implementation – how to roll out initiatives, how to reinforce desired employee behaviors, how to deliver revenue increases – are the province of field managers. The physical and psychological gulfs that separate the two groups present a number of challenges. For instance, can headquarters develop new products, programs, and policies that fit with field units' capabilities? How should the company communicate information about fresh initiatives to a large workforce without having distortions or considerations creep in?
How can the organization spot problems in faraway locations after launching initiatives? Finally, multiuse enterprises often struggle to get the best out of field managers, who are surprisingly hard to classify. Field managers are neither traditional general managers nor typical middle managers. On the one hand, they manage a P and coordinate diverse tasks, which are general management responsibilities. On the other, they lack organizations. Many don't control marketing dollars, pricing flexibility, and other levers that determine the unit's success.
Defining field managers' responsibilities and seceding how they will exercise influence isn't easy. In addition, a multiuse enterprise resembles a Russian nesting doll, in that the P of one level are incorporated in those of the level immediately above. Sometimes this makes it tough to differentiate jobs from level to level, which may generate confusion and affect performance. The Four Levels of Field Managers These challenges result from breakdowns in coordination, communication, and control, especially since these are large organizations with diffuse responsibilities and unclear levels of accountability.
If problems remain unresolved for long periods, hey can have a major operational and financial impact. To prevent that, multiuse enterprises try to define the roles of field managers and distribute responsibilities in a novel way. All field managers work on the same problems, taking on some roles, sharing others, and dispersing responsibilities across levels. In this respect, the multiuse enterprise is the opposite of the classic bureaucracy. Rather than featuring specialized Jobs, it creates a set of general management Jobs with overlapping responsibilities.
Together, the managers form a multilayered net to catch all of the problems that can affect strategy implementation. Interestingly, the companies we studied employ similar structures in spite of wide variations in the size of their base units. Designations differ, but these organizations have all created the same four levels from bottom to top: store managers, district managers, regional vice presidents, and division presidents or senior vice presidents. At the top of every field organization is a senior executive, usually a member of the corporate management team, with significant strategic responsibilities.
We don't discuss that Job in this article because it is similar to those of other senior executives. Since the manner in which A multiuse enterprise resembles a Russian nesting doll, in that the P&Ls of one level are incorporated in those of the level immediately above. Sometimes this makes it tough to differentiate Jobs from level to level. hub. Org Harvard Business Review 109 multiuse organizations tailor Jobs is central to their success, we'd like to start by describing the work of field managers.
Store managers. Store managers, branch managers, or restaurant managers (depending on the industry) are responsible for studied, they work within tight constraints set by corporate headquarters, which intros everything from store layout and product selection to pricing policies and inventory levels. Although store managers are evaluated on the achievement of financial targets, along with numerous operational, customer-service, and multidimensionality goals, they have very little say in setting those targets.
At the same time, they do control the selection, assignment, training, and motivation of frontline employees and the timing, oversight, and follow-through of key activities. In some companies, they also have a small amount of leeway in modifying merchandise splays, ordering goods locally (usually no more than 15% of the store's inventory), and pricing markdowns. Overall, store managers have little control over what they must do but considerable discretion over how to assign, sequence, and accomplish tasks. Their focus is short-term and more tactical than strategic.
In the words of one store manager, every day is "a day of small things to be accomplished. " At Staples, for example, a store manager arrives at 6 am, turns off the alarm, counts the money in the safe, prepares the cash registers, checks on the store's cleanliness, and develops he days agenda for employees. After reviewing voice mail, which is frequently from district managers and usually about the store's performance, he or she checks the company intranet for messages, paying special attention to the Management Action Planning (MAP) system. Run by Staples' U. S. Tore operations, MAP informs store managers about new corporate initiatives, deadlines for changes to displays, and new promotional programs, and identifies the associated store-level tasks. Home Depot similarly employs a Merchandise Action Planner, which communicates all the details about the month's merchandising presentations. These systems provide elaborate "to do" lists. For several hours thereafter, store managers direct work flows and ensure that employees attend properly to customers – a role that Staples calls "manager on duty' and Victorians Secret calls "client sales lead. During the rest of the day, managers walk around, interacting with customers and coaching associates on tasks such as selling, managing inventory, and restocking. They also tackle the problems that crop up, such as delayed deliveries, product shortages, unhappy customers, and broken fixtures. This forces them to refocus their attention instantly. As one store manager told us, "Many things can happen, and sometimes they happen all at once. The impact store managers have on a company's P&L statement comes from paying attention to customer service, improving the store environment, keeping employees engaged, and assigning employees according to their skills. As J. C. Pen- nee found from customer surveys, little things such as clean dressing rooms are critical determinants of sales. According to several store managers at Staples, another key to success, especially in the case of a new initiative, is motivating employees. My Job is to get my managers and associates excited," one store manager explained. People are never going to believe in a program unless you make them believe in it. " Store managers can run into a number of problems (see the sidebar "Traps to Avoid"). First, they may fail to delegate properly. Most are skilled at performing routine tasks such as checking inventory and ringing up sales, having employees botching them up. But executing routine tasks often reflects a store manager's unwillingness to delegate. Taking over doesn't build organizational capabilities; coaching and working side by side with associates does.
Second, some store managers make the mistake of treating all store associates alike. Smart managers maximize productivity by designing schedules and roles around employees' personal needs ("Bill has child care only until 3 pm, so I always schedule his shift to end at 2:30"), strengths ("Mary is a good salesperson, so I never take her off the floor to unload freight"), and weaknesses ("The two students who work here on weekends are chatterboxes, so I put them on separate shifts").
Third, store managers run into trouble if they don't draw up plans to handle unexpected disruptions such as absences and delayed deliveries. District managers. District managers focus on ensuring consistent execution, improving performance, and developing bench strength in all their stores. They manage by driving around, spending three to four days a week in different stores. The time between visits to a store ranges from two weeks to two months, depending on the company.
District managers are responsible for opening new stores and implementing new initiatives and have a little more say than store managers do in budget making, real estate decisions, and local advertising. In a few organizations, the Job also entails managing specialized stores thin stores, such as pharmacies in retail stores, and helping headquarters design merchandising and service initiatives. When district managers call, they ask store managers for performance updates and propose remedial plans when necessary.
They help tackle operational problems either by intervening locally or by working with staff at headquarters. Because of their organizational knowledge, contacts at headquarters, and experience, district managers often serve, in the words of several store managers, as "connectors": They provide links to people who can fix a problem immediately, or they bring the issue to the attention of senior executives. District managers communicate news from headquarters about upcoming promotions, possible delivery problems, and system breakdowns.
They also audit stores to ensure compliance with the company's policies and procedures. 110 Harvard Business Review The district manager's main challenge Like their peers in other comparators to Avoid is to balance monitoring with coaching. nines, Staples' district managers devote Many overemphasized the auditing functions of their in-store time to walkovers in Eluting firms face Zion, zeroing in on minor infractions by inning around and effort managers, assistant managers, association developing people. Some are content dates, and customers.
They usually bestows managers to tell store managers what changes to gin by "checking the buildings pulse," Taking over tasks rather than make without explaining why. Providing starting at the front of the store and delegating them a rationale may take longer, but district taking a quick walk through the aisles. Failing to respond to individual managers make a more lasting impact They then induct a detailed assemblywomen' needs, strengths, and when they probe for understanding and meet along with the store manager weaknesses engage their charges in conversation.
Minor an assistant manager. They examining unprepared for contingencies experienced district managers tend to adenine each aisle, see whether associates evocate a single management style, usually are waiting on customers and prehistoric managers their own, and refuse to entertain outperforming other tasks properly, check Failing to build store-level management encase in approach.
Our studies show that for signage about out-of-stock items, teams effective district managers realize store and make sure the store has changed Overemphasized compliance by managers can have different styles, build prices where necessary. They may also focusing only on audits on each person's strengths, and help predetermine whether a problem they Relying too heavily on direction and come individuals' weaknesses. Noticed in another store – for example, control and not enough on coaching a shortage of binders during backbreaking vice presidents.
These Imposing a single management style to-school season – is an isolated managers focus on markets, key competencies or a trend. At Staples these torso, growth opportunities, and systemic store walks depend on each district problems. They are critical intergenerational vice presidents manager's style; at Victorians Secret, sees between the field organization and Over- or underemphasize regional by contrast, managers follow a preparedness's, linking stores with conferences determined checklist. Panky goals.
Usually the regional human Failing to recognize patterns and District managers wield considerateness, sales and marketing, finance, systemic breakdowns able authority because they control and loss- reversion departments and Focusing on local issues rather than district labor pools, which they treat occasionally the real estate function reinforcing corporate priorities as a flexible resource. (At Staples a port to them on a dotted-line basis while pool consists, on average, of 14 store maintaining direct lines of reporting Divisional heads managers, 28 assistant managers, and with headquarters departments.
Most refilling to filter information 400 associates. ) Without disrupting signal vice presidents spend three days a Oversimplifying with the field store teams overmuch, hey move week in the field and the rest with headlining too much time at headquarters employees around to improve forequarters departments or task forces, typing distinguishing their Jobs from those menace or respond to sudden needs. Calla working on new projects, marketing of regional vice presidents For instance, a district manager will programs, and site selection.
At Staples, assign to a manager whose store is these managers communicate regional good operationally but doesn't excel priorities upward and corporate direct customer service an assistant manager who can help with dives downward. In the process, they perform feedback to headquarters on proposed initiatives, turning sues. Because district managers, more than store managers, broad programs into detailed action plans, ensuring alignment are responsible for developing assistant managers and deterrence the region and headquarters, and troubleshooting. Inning their assignments, they are particularly sensitive to At Staples a region consists of 80 to 100 stores located in the stores' top teams. As coaches, they teach with questions a major city such as New York or in a larger area such as the rather than directives, skiing, "How do you think that episode Carolinas; it's usually a distinct market. The regional vice previews handled? What should have happened? What might you dents are the guardians of the markets' idiosyncratic needs, do now to ensure that things happen differently next time? Which gives them a voice at the table when the company They also identify best practices. At Borders, for example, one makes decisions. Interestingly, there's a growing trend in the manager takes photographs of the most attractive window companies we studied of assigning regional vice residents displays in the district's stores and shares them with all her more responsibility and reducing the authority of headquarters managers. Terse departments.
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Dixon Dern
1262 Devon Ave.
Contact Dixon Dern
Articles Published by Dixon Dern at Mediate.com
Has specialized in entertainment and IP law since 1956 In addition to representing clients in entertainment matters, he acts as both a mediator and arbitrator in both labor and commercial matters. Since 1967 has served as neutral Arbitrator in labor matters and is a neutral Arbitrator on the Producers/Writers Guild of America and Producers/Directors Guild of America panels.He also has served as an arbitrator and mediator in entertainment and Intellectual Property matters for over thirty years and is currently a member of the IFTA (American Film Market) Panel of Arbitrators and the AAA Panel of Neutral Arbitrators and AAA Panel of Neutral Mediators. He has lectured at Bar functions on ADR issues and teaches dispute resolution courses at California State University Dominguez Hills. During 2011 Participated as instructor in 30 hour Mediation Training Course for Centennial Youth Services program.
Stanford, B.A. 1950, J.D. 1953.Admitted to practice law in California and federal Courts in 1954. Active in Bar matters including serving as member of California State Bar Board of Governors, President of Beverly Hills Bar Association, President of Los Angeles Copyright Society; Has served in past as adjunct professor at USC, Loyola Univesity (LA) and San Diego University in entertainment and copyright matters;has taught in alternate dispute resolution courses for California State University, Dominguez Hills; currently lectures before Bar groups and others on both entertainment and ADR subjects
Has served as mediator in a number of entertainment related and commercial-type mediations in the Los Angeles area. Has completed requisite minimum number of hours of basic and advanced training in mediation (through Los Angeles County Bar Association) and either teaches at or attends educational sessions of Bar associations and the like; member of Southern California Mediation Society.
Dates Trainer(s) Title
2013 I was trainer 30 hour Mediation training for Cent. Youth Center
2007-17 Instructor of ADR at CSUDH
In most entertainment matters, the mediator serves as a "paid netural negotiator." Because in some cases I am engaged because of specific knowledge or experience in entertainment matters, the parties may expect my role to be more evaluative than in other cases where my role is to facilitate resolution.
Normally $5,000.00 per day plus travel/expenses (if any); in some arbitration matters, billing may be on hourly basis of $550.00 per hour for commercial matters; labor arbitrations are determined with parties at the time.
More information at website www.dixlaw.com
Business (40 mediated)
Commercial (40 mediated)
Entertainment (100 mediated)
Intellectual Property (50 mediated)
Mediator-Arbitrator
Richonda Starkey, arbitral agent International Film an&Television Alliance Prof. A. Marco Turk California State University, Dominguez Hills Michael R. Diliberto Advantage Arbitration & Mediation services Richard Chernick JAMS


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Tag Archives: Joseph
Abraham: Called to Wed
June 28, 2020 by Judy
God's Covenant with Abraham
When we left Abram at the end of Episode #2, he had just returned from the daring and successful rescue of his nephew, Lot, along with the other inhabitants of Sodom and the surrounding cities. Although, before he could return the captives and the loot taken in the raid, he was met by Melchizedek—the Priest and King of Salem—with whom he shared communion and to whom he gave tithes from the spoils of that war. As a result of this worshipful encounter, when he was offered the recovered loot by the King of Sodom, Abram was fully prepared to turn it down, choosing instead to maintain his integrity and witness before the pagan king and the peoples of the land.
This temptation turned out to be the third in a series of Tests that Abram has been undergoing. As we have seen in our study of him, God has progressively been revealing Himself and His plans for Abram and his descendants through a series of revelatory encounters—with each one involving a promise, and each one followed by a period of testing. This chart summarizes Abram's progress so far…
Abram's Report Card
This, then, brings us to Abram's next revelatory encounter in Genesis 15. Although he doesn't know it yet, throughout this process, God has been preparing him to become the Father of Israel, a role we will see him step into here in Episode #3 of his story, as he enters into a marriage covenant with God for his descendants–those who will eventually become the nation of Israel, the Wife of Jehovah.
With the lights now going down now in the theatre and the curtains slowly starting to rise, we hear the voice our off-stage Narrator once again, as he begins setting the stage for us…
Episode #3 of Biopic #1
Cast: Narrator God Abram
Narrator: Lot has just departed on his merry way to Sodom, leaving Abram shaking his head and wondering whether all his efforts to rescue and restore his backsliding nephew have not been totally in vain. The king of Sodom has left, rubbing his hands over the recovery of all his goods, at no cost to himself and, no doubt, discussing with the secretary of his treasury what particular form of insanity possessed Abram so that he refused his share of the spoil. Melchizedek has gone, leaving Abram with only a memory and a new appreciation of God. Aner and Eschol and Mamre have gone, congratulating one another on their prowess in war and gloating over the rich profits they have reaped. And Abram is left alone, somewhat depressed and a little fearful perhaps lest his unexpected display of military power might not stir the Canaanites into a league against him. Moreover, he has probably been listening to the excited chatter of Lot's children, which reminds him—he has no child of his own. It is at this point that God, in His love and care, comes to talk with Abram about the building of his family…[1]
Narrator: After these things the word of the LORD came to Abram in a vision, saying…
God: Do not be afraid, Abram. I AM your shield, your exceedingly great reward.
Abram: Lord GOD, what will You give me, seeing I go childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus? Look, You have given me no offspring; indeed one born in my house is my heir!
Narrator: And behold, the word of the LORD came to him, saying…
God: This one shall not be your heir, but one who will come from your own body shall be your heir.
Narrator: Then He brought him outside and said…
God: Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them….So shall your descendants be.
Narrator: And he believed in the LORD, and He accounted it to him for righteousness. Then [God] said to him…
God: I AM the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to inherit it.
Abram: Lord GOD, how shall I know that I will inherit it?
God: Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old female goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young pigeon.
Narrator: Then he brought all these to Him and cut them in two, down the middle, and placed each piece opposite the other; but he did not cut the birds in two. And when the vultures came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.
Now when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and behold, horror and great darkness fell upon him. Then God said to Abram…
God: Know certainly that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them, and they will afflict them four hundred years. And also the nation whom they serve I will judge; afterward they shall come out with great possessions.
Now as for you, you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried at a good old age. But in the fourth generation they shall return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.
Narrator: And it came to pass, when the sun went down and it was dark, that behold, there appeared a smoking oven and a burning torch that passed between those pieces. On the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying…
God: To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the River Euphrates—the Kenites, the Kenezzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.
With nothing further to add, this Episode comes to a halt, indicating that it is time for us to pull out our Critic's Caps and begin our Review of it. As always, we will be approaching this Episode from three levels…
The Earthly Level—where we will be looking for any Life Lessons that we can take away from it;
The Heavenly Level—where we will be looking for the Contributions it has to make to God's One Big Story of Redemption; and,
The Eternal Level—where we will be looking for the Revelations of God contained in this part of the Story.
So, with these as our goals, let's begin our Review by first going over…
The Most Important Points in this Episode
1. In our previous episodes, when God "spoke" to someone, it was not made clear just what form that took. But here, the Word of God came to Abram in a vision—making this the first mention of a vision in Scripture. This kind of appearance is called a Theophany, and is a pre-incarnate vision of Jesus Christ.
2. With this visitation coming closely on the heels of his battle experience, God reassures Abram that he did the right thing in rejecting the spoils, and that whatever happens as a result of his "military offensive," He would be Abram's protector and provider.
3. Given that in each of his previous encounters with God, Abram was promised either a nation or descendants, when he meets with God this time, it only seems logical that the first thing he mentions is his lack of children—after all, how can you have descendants if you don't have any children?
In response, the Lord promises him—for the first time—that his heir will not be his adopted servant but a son born from his own seed. At this, he is told to count the stars. Back in Genesis 12:14ff, God told him that He was going to make his descendants as the dust of the earth. These two promises speak of Abram's two seeds—his natural and supernatural descendants, with the natural being those who are born of the flesh—the Jews, and the supernatural descendants being those who are born of the Spirit—the Church.
4. The Lord's self-identification as I AM is used here for the first time. Later, in John 8:56-59, Jesus stated unequivocally that He was the I AM. In this particular confrontation with the Jewish leaders, when He told them…
…if anyone keeps My word he shall never see death…
…the Jews said to Him…Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and You say, 'If anyone keeps My word he shall never taste death.' Are You greater than our father Abraham, who is dead?…
Jesus answered…Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was glad.
Then the Jews said to Him, You are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen Abraham?
5. Although Abram had believed God before—enough so that he packed up, left his homeland, and became a wanderer in the Land of Promise—this is the first time that it has been said that his belief has been accounted to him for righteousness. Why do you think that is?
Unlike all of God's previous promises to Abram, this is the first mention and direct promise that a son would be born to him, and that this son would also be in the lineage of the Seed promised to Eve in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:15. It was his faith in this promised Redeemer that is being counted or credited to him as righteousness.
6. In spite of the fact that we have just been told that Abram believed God, when God promises him the land again, he asks for a sign—why? Does this demonstrate a lack of faith?
No. Back in Genesis 9:8-17, God gave Noah the Rainbow as a sign or reminder of their Covenant that He would never again destroy the earth by a flood. So, in asking for a sign, Abram was asking what the tangible reminder of this Covenant would be. We can regard the sign, then, as the equivalent of God's signature on this contract.
Abram Prepares and Protects the Sacrifice
7. To this, Abram is told to prepare an offering/a sacrifice. Even though he very quickly obeys, there is a long delay before anything else happens—other than him having to chase away the What do you think these things might mean?
The delay was probably meant to indicate that the fulfillment of this Covenantal Promise would not be immediate; while the Vultures were meant to be a picture of the demonic forces that would be at work until then, trying to keep this Covenant from being fulfilled. Later, in Luke 8: 5, 12, in the Parable of the Sower, Jesus used a similar analogy to illustrate this practice of the enemy…
A sower went out to sow his seed. And as he sowed, some fell by the wayside; and it was trampled down, and the birds of the air devoured it…
Those by the wayside are the ones who hear; then the devil comes and takes away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe and be saved.
8. After protecting the sacrifice all afternoon, when darkness falls, a deep sleep overtakes Abram and in it, he is shown in dream of the future of his descendants, where they will be afflicted in a foreign land for 400 years. This raises such questions as…
After giving the Land to Abram, why would God allow them to be taken out of the Land of Promise?
In later chapters of Genesis (especially chapter 28), we find that the corrupt culture of the Canaanites was beginning to impact the behavior of Jacob and his family. To protect them from these negative influences—while giving the people of the land plenty of time to repent before bringing judgment upon them—God removed His People from the land and sequestered them in Goshen, the best land in all Egypt.
Why would God allow His Covenant People to be subjected to such suffering and affliction?
During the first part of their sojourn in Egypt, as the family of Joseph, the Israelites enjoyed special treatment and were being provided for by Joseph. Even during the great famine, they were prosperous, not really needing to look to God for anything because their needs were being met by the government. But, when a ruler came to power after Joseph, they lost their privileged position and were reduced to slavery instead. It was then that they began to call upon the Lord again. So, their affliction can be seen in one of two ways—as the means God used to restore His People to faith in and dependence upon Him, and as a picture of the persecution that the World routinely inflicts upon the People of God.
Abram, on the other hand, was promised that he would live a long life and die in peace.
9. While he is asleep, the Presence of the Lord passes between the sacrificial elements. What do you think is significant about this?
In the Ancient Near East, when a covenant was made, it was ratified by first slaughtering animals and then creating a path between their divided carcasses. Both parties would walk through these animals, pledging to fulfill the terms of the covenant…
By cutting the animals in half during covenant ceremonies, the parties making the covenant were effectively saying, 'Let this be done to us if we break the terms of this covenant…'
By being the one who passes between, Yahweh places the penalty of violating the covenant on Himself. He is showing Abram how serious He is about His promises.' [2]
God Ratifying the Covenant
…we have learned that…
For the first time, Abram has had a face-to-face encounter with Jesus Christ—an encounter of faith which has made Abram righteous in the eyes of God;
God allays Abrams' fears about his past actions and assures him of a glorious future with a Son of his own to be his heir;
This Son of Promise will be the foundation stone upon which the nation of Israel will be built; and,
As a sign of this Promise, God "Cut a Covenant" with Abram in which He swears by oath that He will fulfill every promise He has made concerning Abram and his descendants.
Now, in conclusion, we need to ask ourselves..
1. What Life Lessons can we take away from Abram's experience in this episode?
Everyone, no matter how important or insignificant they may be, must come to God in the same way—that is, through a personal faith encounter with His Son, Jesus Christ;
Once they stand righteous before God, He will cover their pasts, and protect and provide for them as they follow Him into the future;
God's tests are not punitive but preparatory. They are designed to grow everyone in faith and in righteousness, and prepare them for their divinely ordained destinies.
Like Abram, Believers today are participants in a Covenant with God—a New Covenant, written in the very Blood of Jesus, in which the Spirit of God comes to live within them, writing God's Laws upon their hearts and teaching them to live like Children of the Most High God.
2. What Contributions does this episode make to God's One Big Story of Redemption?
This episode marks a pivotal point in God's One Big Story. Everything that has gone before has merely been preparation for this event—the cutting of the Covenant between God and Abram. In reality, this Covenant is a Marriage Contract in which Abram betroths Israel—the Nation that will come from him—to God.
In the Ancient Jewish Wedding Tradition, which provides the format for the Story of the Bible, the three phases in a Jewish Marriage are…
The Negotiation or Arrangement Phase—in which the Bridegroom's Father, the Bridegroom himself, or his Agent goes to the Father of a Bride and negotiates a marriage contract. If arrangements acceptable to both parties can be arrived at, and if the bride gives her consent, then the Bridegroom and Bride become legally betrothed or engaged. At this point, the Bridegroom returns to his Father's house and begins preparing a home for his Bride.
The Betrothal Phase—which usually lasts for about a year, is a time during which the Bridegroom is at work building a home and the Bride is busy preparing her wedding garments
The Consummation Phase—which includes the actual Marriage, its consummation, and the Wedding Feast that follows, only happens when the Father of the Bridegroom is satisfied with the work of his Son and gives him permission to go and get His Bride.
So, with the Marriage Covenant between God and Abram having been ratified by blood, the Negotiation Phase is now complete and God and Israel have entered into the Betrothal Period.
3. What Revelations of God does this episode give us?
As we have just learned, God is seen here as the Celestial Suitor, the Bridegroom who has just become betrothed to the Nation of Israel. And, even though she isn't even a reality in the natural as yet, in the mind and heart of her Beloved, she has been in existence since before the foundation of the world.
Here is a video that will help explain the Love Story behind the One Big Story of the Bible a little better…
Early on in our study of Abram, we learned that he was called to Wander, Worship, and Witness, and in our last episode, we learned that he was also called to Warfare. In our next episode—in Chapter 16—we will discover that he has also been called to do one of the hardest things ever—and that is, to Wait!
[1] John Phillips, Exploring Genesis (Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1992), 132.
[2] Calvin Park, "Cutting a Covenant," Bible Study Magazine, September 19, 2017, http://www.biblestudymagazine.com/bible-study-magazine-blog/2017/9/19/cutting-a-covenant
Some images used courtesy of Free Bible Images.
Posted in Biblical Reflections, God's One Big Story Reflections, His Truth My Voice Theatre Reflections. Tagged Abraham, Abram, Affliction, Ancient Near East, Betrothal, Bible, Canaanites, Church, Covenant, Devil, Egypt, Eternal, Eve, Faith, God, Goshen, Holy Spirit, Israel, Jacob, Jehovah, Jesus Christ, Jewish Wedding Tradition, Joseph, King, Lord, Lot Sodom, Melchizedek, Most High God, Noah, People of God, Priest, Promised Land, Rainbow, Redeemer, Redemption Reflections, Revelations, Righteousness, Sacrifice, Salem, Scripture, Seed, Sign, Suffering, Testing, Theophany, Vision, Word of God.
Abraham: Called to Warfare
Every Believer is Called to be a Warrior
For those of you who are joining us for the first time, we are currently engaged in a study of the Bible, being presented here in the form of a two-act play which we've entitled, God's One Big Story. In Act 1, Scene 1, we covered Genesis 1-11—the Overture to our story—and now, in Act 1, Scene 2, we are studying the lives of the Four Patriarchs found in Genesis 12-50. They are Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, the four men most responsible for the birth and development of Israel—the nation who would one day become the Wife of Jehovah, and the one through whom Jesus Christ would later come into the world.
We are referring to the stories of these important men as Biopics, short for Biographical Pictures, and in our studies of them, we are looking specifically for the…
Life Lessons they have to teach us;
Contributions they have to make to God's One Big Story of Redemption; and,
Revelations they provide of God and His Purposes.
During our last visit together, in Episode #1 of Biopic #1, we learned that Abraham—or, Abram, as he was named at birth—was…
Called by God to Wander;
Called by God to Worship; and,
Called by God to Witness.
Following him through his first faltering steps of faith, we watched as he navigated his way through a series of Divine Revelations and Testings—after which, when we left him, he had arrived in a very good place. He had returned from a disastrous trip into Egypt (a picture or type of the world) where, in a backslidden condition, he had managed to compromise…
His relationship with God;
His relationship with his wife; and,
His witness to the world.
However, once Abram was back in the Land of Promise…
He restored his relationship with God through a renewal of Worship;
His restored his Witness following his Separation from Lot; and,
He was given a renewed and expanded Revelation of God's will for his life.
Afterwards, Abram relocated his headquarters from Bethel (the House of God) to Hebron (the Place of Fellowship)—which is where we will find him today when Episode #2 of his story begins. As we wait expectantly for it to get underway, we suddenly hear our Narrator, somewhere off-stage, giving us an update on the events that have taken place in Abram's world since we saw him last…
(Genesis 14)
Cast: Narrator Abram Melchizedek King of Sodom
Our Narrator begins…
And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations, that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar). All these joined together in the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea). Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him came and attacked the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim, and the Horites in their mountain of Seir, as far as El Paran, which is by the wilderness. Then they turned back and came to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and attacked all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites who dwelt in Hazezon Tamar.
Five Kings versus Four
As our Narrator continues with his report, we can also hear the distinctive sounds of a battle taking place in the background, as…
…the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) went out and joined together in battle in the Valley of Siddim against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of nations, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five. Now the Valley of Siddim was full of asphalt pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled; some fell there, and the remainder fled to the mountains. Then they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their provisions, and went their way. They also took Lot, Abram's brother's son who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.
At this, the curtain rises and we see Abram, minding his own business and enjoying his peaceful life in the Place of Fellowship with God in Hebron—when suddenly, his life is turned upside down by this series of events which, on the surface, seem to be totally unrelated to him. This upheaval begins when…
…one who had escaped [from the war] came and told Abram the Hebrew, for he dwelt by the terebinth trees of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Aner; and they were allies with Abram.
Now when Abram heard that he [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his three hundred and eighteen trained servants who were born in his own house, and went in pursuit as far as Dan.
Although Abram was greatly outnumbered…
He divided his forces against them by night, and he and his servants attacked them and pursued them as far as Hobah, which is north of Damascus…
…which was over 150 miles to the north of Hebron. Following his victory…
…he brought back all the goods, and also brought back his brother Lot and his goods, as well as the women and the people.
And, the king of Sodom went out to meet him at the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley), after his return from the defeat of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him.
However, there someone far more important who went out to meet Abram first…
Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine; he was the priest of God Most High. And he blessed [Abram] and said…
Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth; and blessed be God Most High, Who has delivered your enemies into your hand.
In response to this blessing, Abram…
…gave him a tithe of all.
After his encounter with Melchizedek, the king of Sodom approached Abram with the following offer…
Give me the persons, and take the goods for yourself.
In other words, just return the people and you can keep all the loot—to which, Abram responded without hesitation…
I have raised my hand to the LORD, God Most High, the Possessor of heaven and earth, that I will take nothing, from a thread to a sandal strap, and that I will not take anything that is yours, lest you should say, 'I have made Abram rich'— except only what the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me: Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.
With this response, this brief and somewhat puzzling Episode comes to an abrupt ending. That doesn't mean that we are finished with it, though, for there is still much for us to discuss, once we don our Critic's Caps again and begin our Review of the events which have transpired here.
Time to Put on the Cap Once More
Episode #2–Review
To aid us in this Review, let's first take a look at the most important points of this story…
I. The War of the Kings—since this is the first mention of a battle, king, or war in the Bible, it must be significant.
The Coalitions—
Why were Kings from so far east interested in the area around Sodom and Gomorrah?
Although this was not the first war in human history, since it is the first one recorded in the Bible, it becomes a template for all the others that would follow. As in most of those cases, the motivating forces here can be attributed to Egos and Economics—that is, to a Lust for Power motivated by Pride, and to a Lust for Wealth motivated by Greed. The Apostle James, many centuries later, described these powerful forces in the following way….
Where do wars and fights come from among you? Do they not come from your desires for pleasure that war in your members? You lust and do not have. You murder and covet and cannot obtain. You fight and war. Yet you do not have because you do not ask. You ask and do not receive, because you ask amiss, that you may spend it on your pleasures. (James 4:1-3)
So, what was it that Sodom and the surrounding cities had that provoked such lusts in the Kings of the East? It was their…
Position—they were located in close proximity to the major trade routes connecting the East with Egypt, the Bread Basket of the World at the time;
Natural Resources—the valley in which they were located was full of asphalt pits, a material highly prized because of its uses in building and road construction, the waterproofing of boats, and even as medicine; and,
Wealth—these cities, because of their location and natural resources, had become extremely wealthy—wealth which made possible their lavish and decadent lifestyles.
The Kings of the East and the Coveted Trade Routes
The Conflict—
Why did the Canaanite Kings rebel? What made them think they could win? What might God's motive been in allowing this to happen?
After being bled dry by the Eastern Kings for twelve years, the cities in the Valley of Siddim had had enough. Having lost the lifestyle to which they had hoped to remain accustomed and tired of being fleeced by foreigners, they—no doubt also motivated by Egos and Economics—must have thought the battle to reclaim that their wealth and lifestyle would be well worth the effort.
As for God's part in all of this, while it is not spelled out for us here, considering what happens to Lot and Sodom and her sister cities later on, their defeat and looting could very well have been God's wake-up call to them—giving them the opportunity to repent and get right with Him, in order to stave off the judgment that was soon to come.
The Conquest–-
What spiritual picture does this paint for us?
Throughout Scripture, we find instance after instance in which God raises up someone to fight for right even in the face of overwhelming opposition. Think of the victories of Gideon and his three hundred men against the Midianite army, David and his five smooth stones against Goliath, and Jonathan and his armor-bearer against the Philistines—who, at the time, rightly declared…
For nothing restrains the LORD from saving by many or by few (1 Samuel 14:6).
The spiritual principle for us, then, is that when we are called to warfare—as we surely will be—the battle belongs to the Lord; for, we have His assurances that…
A thousand may fall at your side, and ten thousand at your right hand; but it shall not come near you (Proverbs 21:31); and,
The horse is prepared for the day of battle, but deliverance is of the LORD. (Proverbs 21:31).
II. The Rescue of Lot
–Where was Lot living at the time?
Because he was taken prisoner along with everyone else in Sodom, it seems that he was no longer living on the outskirts, but had become a permanent resident in the city.
–What does this tell us about Lot?
It seems to say that either Lot did not share the same faith in God as his uncle Abram; or, if he did, that he had been lured away from that faith by the worldly attractions of Sodom.
–Do you think Lot merited Abram's intervention? Why or why not?
On the surface, Lot doesn't appear to have been worthy of Abram's rescue but, because Abram had "adopted" Lot following the death of his father, he had a moral obligation to go after him and rescue him. No doubt, he also felt a spiritual obligation to do so, in the hopes of giving his nephew a chance to repent before he lost everything he held dear—that being, his family.
Peter later gives us this insight into Lot's spiritual condition at the time, when he says, if God…
…delivered righteous Lot, who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked (for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing and hearing their lawless deeds)—then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment, and especially those who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority (2 Peter 2:7-10).
–Can you think of a parable that might apply in this situation?
The one that comes to my mind is the Parable of the Lost Sheep, found in Luke 15:4-7…
What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he loses one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after the one which is lost until he finds it? And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, saying to them, 'Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!' I say to you that likewise there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine just persons who need no repentance.
Abraham's Worshipful Encounter with Melchizedek
III. Abram's Encounter with Melchizedek
–Who was Melchizedek?
In this episode, we are told that he was the King of Salem (the city that would later be called Jerusalem), and the Priest of God Most High. The name used for God here is El Elyon, a name which…
…emphasizes God's strength, sovereignty, and supremacy. In Genesis 14:20, Melchizedek said to Abram, 'blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand!' He understood that the Lord is extremely exalted. Let us say as the Psalmist did—'I cry out to the Most High Elohim, To El who is perfecting all matters for me' (Psalm 57:2).[1]
–Where did he come from?
Unlike everyone else of significance in the Book of Genesis, no genealogical information for Melchizedek is provided—no record of his birth, his death, or his parentage.
–Where else is he mentioned in Scripture?
In addition to this passage in Genesis 14, where Melchizedek serves in the dual roles of King of Peace and Priest of the Most High God—the one who sets a table of communion before Abram—King David references him in Psalm 110 when he prophesies of the coming Messianic King who will one day come through his line. This King will be held in higher honor than Melchizedek, because He will sit at the right hand of God and rule over the nations. He, too, will serve as Priest of the Most High God, something which is elaborated upon at length in Hebrews 7. There, the writer elevates Melchizedek to the status of a pre-incarnate figure of Christ; who, without father or mother, is eternal and who, unlike those in the Levitical Priesthood, will continue as a Priest forever.
–How do you think a King of Righteous could have come to rule over the ungodly people of [Jeru] Salem?
When we consider that the Canaanites were notorious idol worshipers, it seems highly unlikely that a Righteous King would be ruling over one of their cities. However, Seth, the righteous son of Noah, was still alive at this time, leading some to think that he could have been Melchizedek (Melchizedek being a title rather than a first name). However, in addition to Arphaxad, the ancestor of Abram, Seth had four other sons through whom his Faith in God could have been passed on. So, it is entirely possible that Melchizedek might have been one of them.
–Why are the bread and wine, the tithes, and the blessing an important part of this Story?
As elements of the Covenant, the Bread and Wine represent the Communion that Abram shared with God as part of that Covenant. In the giving of his Tithes, Abram was recognizing and honoring Melchizedek as God's Chosen Mediator of that Covenant; and, in his blessing of Abram, Melchizedek was reaffirming God's Covenantal Promises to Abram.
IV. Abram's Encounter with the King of Sodom
–What was the King's offer?
According to the rules of warfare at the time, the spoils of war belonged to the winner of the conflict which, in this case, would have been Abram, and would have included the people as well as the material objects. It seems, then, that the King of Sodom was trying to cut a deal with Abram where the spoils were concerned.
–What did it represent to Abram?
Abram had been made extremely wealthy through a compromise of his faith and integrity when he went down to Egypt—a compromise which put him on the "outs" with God, and wealth with brought strife and division into his home. So, for Abram, this represented another Test—one designed to reveal whether or not he had learned anything from those earlier mistakes.
–What, if anything, do you think is significant about Abram's response?
For one thing, in using the same name for God that Melchizedek had used—that is, the LORD, God Most High, the Possessor of heaven and earth—Abram revealed that the decision to reject the offer of the King of Sodom was made as a result of his worshipful encounter with the King of Salem. Then, in his speedy response to the offer, he was demonstrating that he had learned that his relationship with God, and his reputation and witness were more important to him than anything the world had to offer.
–What, if any, Life Lessons can we take away from Abram's experience in Genesis 14?
As we are going about our lives of wandering, worshiping, and witnessing, there will be times when we, like Abram, will be called to do warfare at a moment's notice. But, unlike the fleshly battle that he was called to, the warfare that we will be engaged is one that is spiritual in nature. Like it or not, there will be times when we will be called to do battle on behalf of those who seem to be totally undeserving of our intervention, and those who may not even appreciate our efforts to rescue them.
And, for every victory we experience, we can be sure that the Enemy will be there trying to steal it away through some sort of compromise on our parts. But, like Abram, we need to settle the issue beforehand of what is most important to us—our walk with God and our testimony before others, or the temporal gratification of material rewards or recognition.
–What Contributions does this Chapter Make to God's Big Story?
In Melchizedek, Abram was given a preview of the coming Messiah—his very own descendant who even now, is serving as our Great High Priest in heaven, and the One who will one day reign forever as the King of Peace and Righteousness in the New Jerusalem.
–How is God Revealed in this Chapter?
In His relationship with Abram, God reveals Himself as Jehovah-Nissi—the Lord is My Banner—the God who goes before us into battle and secures the victory for us through His own power. And, in His relationship with Lot, He reveals Himself as the Guardian and Deliverer of His People—even in the midst of His judgment upon the wicked.
So far in this study, we have seen how God has been revealing Himself through His Promises to Abram, and then Testing him to reveal his Faith in and Stewardship of those Promises. In the next chapter—Genesis 15—we will begin to discover the Purpose behind all of this Preparation.
Be sure to check it out!
[1] From the website, https://discoveringthejewishjesus.com/el-elyon/.
Map courtesy of Bible History Online.
Some pictures courtesy of Free Bible Images.
Posted in Biblical Reflections, God's One Big Story Reflections, His Truth My Voice Theatre Reflections, Spiritual Warfare Reflections. Tagged Abraham, Abram, Bethel, Christ, Communion, Covenant, Egypt, Faith, Fellowship, Genesis, God, Hebron, ible, Integrity, Isaac, Israel, Jacob, Jehovah-Nissi, Jesus, Joseph, King of Peace, Levitical Priesthood, Lot, Mediator, Melchizedek, Messiah, Parable, Priest, Promised Land, Redemption Reflections, Revelation, Righteousness, Scripture, Sodom and Gomorrah, Stewardship, Testimony, Testing, Tithes, Warfare, Witness, Worship Reflections.
Back on Track–The Journey Resumes
November 28, 2018 by Judy
It's Time to Get Back to the Land of Revelation Knowledge!
All Aboard and welcome back, fellow travelers! I am happy to say that, after a rather lengthy but edifying visit to the Workout Room, the time has come for us to once again head out on the Truth Train and resume our Bible Study tour through the Land of Revelation Knowledge. For those who are joining us for the first time, this tour is unique in that it presents the One Big Story of the Bible as a Play; one consisting of two Acts with six Scenes each and one long Intermission between the acts. These scenes and the intermission, as well as an epilogue at the end of the play, are being acted out for us on fourteen different Stages, positioned along the route we are taking through this vast and incredible land. When we broke for our detour to the Workout Room, we had just left Stage #1 where Act 1, Scene 1 had completed its run, and we were on our way to Stage #2 where Act 1, Scene 2 had been scheduled to get underway.
Now that we are back on track and heading in that direction once more, considering how long it has been since we left the first Stage, I think it would be wise if we used this travel time to Review briefly what took place in Scene 1, and to Preview what will soon be taking place in Scene 2. For those who may feel the need of a more thorough review, one can be obtained by visiting the His Truth, My Voice Theatre page, where all of the material we've covered so far has been arranged chronologically for easy viewing.
Reviewing Where We Have Been
In Act 1, Scene 1 of God's One Big Story, we were introduced to the Sovereign God of the Universe, whom we discovered is not only the Main Character of the Story but also its Author. From the opening verses of the Script(ures), we learned that this God is…
A Trinity of Three Unique Persons united in One Divine Purpose;
Pre-existent and Eternal; and,
All-Powerful, All-Knowing, and Present Everywhere at All Times.
As for the Story itself, we learned that it is a Love Story, borne out of God's Heart and His passionate desire to have a Family of His own to love. It was for this reason that He created the world and the people living in it—people who, as they multiplied, would eventually become the nations from which one, Israel, would graciously be chosen to become God's Wife. When Act 1 opened, however, no such nations existed; therefore, to prepare for Israel's eventual entrance onto the earthly stage of the Story, all the action taking place in the opening scene was for the purpose of bringing them into being.
The way in which this was accomplished was revealed to us through the use of nine dramatic Vignettes, or mini-scenes, covering the major events in Genesis 1-11–these being…
The Creation of the World;
The Creation of Man and Woman;
Their Sin and Fall from Grace;
The Consequences of their Sin…
…Personally,
…In Their Family,
…In Society at Large;
The Judgment on their Sin through the Flood;
The New World after the Flood; and,
Mankind's On-going Rebellion and its Judgment.
Over the course of these Vignettes, we learned how God used elements from the real-life experiences of people living on the Earthly Stage at the time to tell the Bigger Story of Love and Redemption that was taking place on the Heavenly Stage. In fact, by the end of Vignette #9, we were able to see how the mini-scenes of Genesis 1-11, when viewed together, formed a Panoramic Prophetic Picture of all human history—creating, in effect, a Spiritual Overture of the themes and motifs which would be reappearing throughout the rest of the Story.
For example, in this Overture, we saw how…
In the story of Creation—in going from darkness to light, chaos to order, and from death to life in response to the Word of God and the "hovering" work of the Spirit—we were provided with a picture of the recurring spiritual theme of Re-creation or Rebirth.
The story of the First Adam and his wife, Eve, gave us the prophetic picture of the Second Adam, Jesus, and His Bride, the Church—who, like Eve, was fashioned from a "rib" (the disciples) taken from the Second Adam as He slept in death.
The story of the Two Trees in the Garden was an illustration of the only two "salvation" alternatives available to mankind—the counterfeit system of works or the genuine system of salvation through faith in Christ.
In the story of Cain and Abel—in which God's acceptance of Abel's offering by faith and His rejection of Cain's self-righteous offering provoked Cain to envy, anger, and the murder of his brother–we were given a spiritual illustration of the wicked's on-going rebellion against and persecution of the righteous. We were also shown a picture of Cain as a type of Israel—the brother who, after his slaying of the righteous Son, was marked for protection before he began his wanderings in the wilderness of the world.
In the long "Reign of Death" taking place between the stories of Cain and the Flood, we were shown how sin affected all men, leading to their deaths, and the futility of life lived apart from God.
In the translation of Enoch just before the judgment of the flood, we were given a prophetic picture of the Rapture that will take place prior to the Great Tribulation, when those who are "walking with God" will be translated to heaven without dying.
The lawlessness and demonic activity preceding the Flood gave us a preview of the conditions that will exist before the Tribulation, as self-absorbed humanity abandons faith in God, violence increases, and doors are opened to ever-increasing levels of satanic activity.
And the Flood, in which the wrath of God was poured out from heaven against the unrighteousness of men while a small righteous remnant in the Ark was being spared, provided us with a picture of the end-times Tribulation, when the wrath of God will once again be poured out from heaven against the unrighteousness of men, while a righteous remnant is being preserved on the earth.
In the story of Noah after the Flood, when those in the Ark came out to a new earth and entered into a new covenant with God, we were shown a "type" of the "new world" that will exist when Christ sets up His Millennial Kingdom following the Tribulation–where the righteous remnant will live on a cleansed earth, under a new covenant with God, for a thousand years.
The rebellion at Babel gave us a prophetic picture of Satan's final act of rebellion—when, at the end of the Millennium, he will be released from his thousand year imprisonment to lead one final revolt against the righteous rule of the Lord.
And, in the Judgment of the Nations at the Tower of Babel, the final Judgment of the Nations is in view, when the Lord gathers the nations together—separating the "sheep" nations from the "goat" nations— and judges them according to the way they have treated His "brethren."
In Genesis 1-11, We Start with Nothing and End Up with a World Full of Nations
Now, having refreshed our memories as to what we have seen, and with Stage #2 fast approaching, let's prepare ourselves for what we can expect to see when the curtain goes up on Act 1, Scene 2 of God's One Big Story.
Previewing Where We Are Going
Whereas in Scene 1, we were introduced to God as "The Celestial Suitor"—who, in anticipation of obtaining a Bride, created and prepared the world to be her future home—in Scene 2, we are going to be introduced to the Patriarchs—or, the line of godly ancestors through whom "Israel: the Beloved of God," will come into being. Much like Scene 1, where the story was told through the use of 9 Vignettes, in Scene 2, the story will unfold by means of 4 Bio-Pics, or four biographical pictures of these ancestors of Israel, found in chapters 12-50 of the book of Genesis. They are…
Abraham—the Exalted Father who becomes the Father of a Multitude;
Isaac—the Long-Awaited Son of Promise who displaces the Son born in Bondage;
Jacob—the Scheming Shepherd who becomes a Prince with God; and,
Joseph—the Betrayed Brother who not only becomes His Brothers' Savior but the Savior of the World, as well.
Before we can move forward with the story, though, there is still the all-important matter of Formatting that we need to take into consideration. Hopefully, those of you who have been with us from the beginning of this tour will remember that during our visit to the Welcome Center of the Word, we viewed the video, The Bible: The Story Behind the Story. In that video, we learned that the Story of the Bible has been formatted according to the Ancient Jewish Wedding Tradition—a tradition completely foreign to our present day concepts of marriage. Because of this–and, in order for us to truly appreciate the Love Story that the Bible has to tell–we must first come to an understanding of the Wedding Tradition upon which that story is based.
The Format of the Story
Because Family was at the center of Jewish life and culture, the choice of a marriage partner was a very serious business. This selection was not to be determined by some fly-by-night or emotional impulse of the moment; it was achieved through an involved Marriage Process, consisting of three distinct phases…
The Arrangement or Negotiation Phase;
The Betrothal Phase; and,
The Marriage and Consummation Phase.
The Arrangement or Negotiation Phase
The Ketubah–the Marriage Contract
In Jewish culture, when it was time for a young man to marry, typically his father would choose a bride for him and then send an agent or representative to the bride's family to negotiate an arrangement for a marriage. The bride, of course, had to give her consent and if she did, a mohar or Bride Price was established and a Ketubah or written document was drawn up in which the bride price, the promises of the bridegroom, and the rights of the bride were clearly stated. This document would have to be executed and signed prior to the wedding ceremony.
Gifts were then given to the bride and a cup called the Cup of the Covenant was shared between the bride and groom—the rite of erusin or betrothal being completed when the groom gave something of value to the bride and she accepted it. This completed rite was known in Hebrew as kiddushin or sanctification, and the covenant between the bride and the groom would be sealed with the drinking of the wine. Once agreed to, this covenant was a legally binding contract which could only be dissolved by divorce.
The Cup of the Covenant
Afterward, the bridegroom would go back to his father's house, where he would begin preparing a home for his new bride. Before leaving, though, he would reassure her of his eventual return with this promise: "I go to prepare a place you; if I go, I will return again unto you." After his departure, the bride would undergo a mikvah—or water immersion—a ritual of cleansing marking a separation from her former way of life to a new life with her spouse.
The Betrothal Phase
This marked the beginning of the Betrothal Period, which usually lasted a year. During this time, the bride was consecrated and set apart, busily preparing her wedding garments for the big day; while the bridegroom was away making, ready their new home. The bride had to be ready at all times because she had no idea when her groom would return for her. Even the groom didn't know when that would be because he first had to get permission from his father—who had to be completely satisfied that his son's house was in order.
The Marriage and Consummation Phase
Once he received his father's permission, the bridegroom would return—usually in the middle of the night—with a shout, "Behold the bridegroom comes," and with the blowing of the shofar or ram's horn. He would then abduct his bride from her father's home and carry her away in a sacred procession to the chupah or wedding canopy where the marriage would take place. There, they would be treated as royalty, with the bridegroom in the role of a newly-crowned king, and the bride as his queen.
Under the Chupah
Following the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom and bride would go into the wedding chamber where the marriage was to be consummated. The friend of the bridegroom would take up his position outside the door where he, and all of the assembled guests, would eagerly await word that the consummation had taken place. Upon receiving the signal from the bridegroom, the friend of the bridegroom would announce it to the guests, and great rejoicing would break out. The couple would remain in the wedding chamber for a total of seven days and when they came out, they—along with all the guests invited by the father of the bride, would enjoy a great Marriage Supper.[1]
Although this wedding tradition bears little relevance to our lives today, because it was such an integral part of everyday life when the Bible was written, we must take time to familiarize ourselves with each of this tradition's three parts if we are ever going to understand the Story it has to tell. For, not only do these phases provide the framework for all of God's Great Love Story, they also serve as the basis for the Plot, and propel the Action of the Story forward in both the Old and the New Testaments.
As we shall see in the upcoming scene, in the Old Testament—which is all about God's love relationship with Israel…
The Negotiation Phase is what takes place in Genesis 15, when God—as the Bridegroom Himself–enters into a covenant with Abraham, and negotiates a marriage contact in which the future nation of Israel will one day become His Bride;
The Betrothal Phase will follow on the heels of this negotiation and will cover the period of time from Genesis 15 to Exodus 19. At that time Moses, acting as God's representative, will abduct Israel in the middle of the night from the "house of Pharaoh," and lead her in a sacred procession to the Marriage Chupah at Mount Sinai;
Then, in Exodus 20, the Marriage Phase will begin, as Israel vows to forsake all other gods, agrees to the terms of God's covenant, and becomes the Wife of Jehovah.
With this as the backdrop to our Story—and with the train now coming to a halt at our next destination—the time has come for us to leave the train and make our way into the theatre, where Scene 2, "Israel, the Beloved of God" will soon get underway.
In place of our usual music selection, here is the video referred to earlier, "The Story Behind the Story"…
[1] Information on the Jewish Wedding Tradition gathered from Edward Chumney's book, The Seven Festivals of the Messiah (Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Destiny Image Publishers, 1994), 125-135.
Posted in Biblical Reflections, God's One Big Story Reflections. Tagged Abraham, Betrothal, Bible, Bible Story, Chupah, Erusin, Eve, First Adam, Genesis, God, Isaac, Israel, Jacob, Jehovah, Jesus, Jewish Wedding, Joseph, Ketubah, Kiddushin, Mikvah, Mohar, New Testament, Old Testament, Patriarchs, Prophetic Picture, Redemption Reflections, Scripture, Second Adam, Sovereign, the Church, Trinity, Truth Train, Workout Room.


text:
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The Reading Corner
Infant/ Toddler: All Kinds of Families by Suzanne Lang
Lots of nontraditional family structures are celebrated in this super-fun and super-accessible board book! Kids will love finding their own family represented, no matter if they have two moms, one grandpa, or just a cousin named Doug.
The brilliant creative team behind Grumpy Monday wanted a simple book they could use to talk with their kids about the different kinds of families they would encounter in the world - so they made this! A silly and positive introduction to open-mindedness and all kinds of family love.
Pre-School: The Family Book by Todd Parr
The Family Book celebrates the love we feel for our families and all the different varieties they come in. Whether you have two moms or two dads, a big family or a small family, a clean family or a messy one, Todd Parr assures readers that no matter what kind of families you have, every family is special in its own unique way.
School-Age: My Family, Your Family by Lisa Bullard
Makayla is visiting friends in her neighborhood. She sees how each family is different. Some families have lots of children, but others have none. Some friends live with grandparents or have two dads or have parents who are divorced. How is her own family like the others? What makes each one great? This diverse cast allows readers to compare and contrast families in multiple ways.


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text:
La Volkswagen GX3 est un concept-car créé par le projet Moonraker, initié par Stefan Liske, ancien directeur de la stratégie produit groupe chez Volkswagen. Le GX3 a été présenté pour la première fois au Grand Salon de Los Angeles en 2006. Il était considéré comme un concept très inhabituel car il était à trois roues et parfois considéré plus comme un concept de motocyclette qu'un concept- car ;  mais il a comporté une grande performance pour un coût projeté de seulement  US.

Description

Le GX3 utilisait un moteur I4 1,6 l monté transversalement par la VW Lupo GTI. Ce moteur a donné au GX3 une puissance de  () et 152 N m de couple. Le GX3 pourrait passer de 0 à  en  et atteindre une vitesse maximale de  (125 mi / h). Il a utilisé une transmission manuelle à six vitesses.

Le design du GX3 était atypique, avec une suspension avant à double triangulation , un châssis en acier tubulaire et des panneaux de carrosserie laminés.  Le design extérieur était unique en son genre : il s'agissait d'un véhicule à deux places à trois roues.  Il manquait de toit ou de pare-brise et était principalement destiné aux environnements de beau temps, en tant que «voiture de week-end».  Le design de l'intérieur était très minimaliste et entièrement fonctionnel.

Il y avait des spéculations considérables quant à la production possible du GX3 ; Volkswagen a alimenté cela avec l'annonce que la production dépendrait de la réaction du public au concept. Cependant, malgré la réponse énergique et largement positive du public et le développement intensif du châssis par Lotus Cars pour la production, Volkswagen a conclu plus tard qu'il ne serait pas capable de vendre le GX3 sans refondations coûteuses et complexes qui aliéneraient le marché cible de VW et augmenter le prix au-dessus du prix de base proposé de  US. La société a cité des problèmes de sécurité possibles qui pourraient entraîner des poursuites en responsabilité du fait du produit et a décidé que les problèmes juridiques rendaient la production impossible.

Références

Voir aussi
 Trike
 Slingshot (Polaris)

Liens externes

  2006 Volkswagen GX3 Concept sur ConceptCarz.com

GX3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) today released its February 2019 Air Travel Consumer Report (ATCR) on marketing and reporting air carrier data compiled for the month of December 2018 and calendar year 2018. The full consumer report and other aviation consumer matters of interest to the public can be found at http://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) today released its January 2019 Air Travel Consumer Report (ATCR) on marketing and reporting air carrier data compiled for the month of November 2018. The full consumer report and other aviation consumer matters of interest to the public can be found at http://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer. The January report was delayed due to the lapse in appropriations.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) today released its December 2018 Air Travel Consumer Report (ATCR) on marketing and reporting air carrier data compiled for the month of October 2018. The full consumer report and other aviation consumer matters of interest to the public can be found at http://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer.


text:
Q: Convert array of object to string in TDE template in the documents with which I work I have an array of objects that I want to pass without any modification, is it possible and sensible to convert such an object to a string via TDE?
{
    "Addr": [
        {
            "AddrTypeCd": "MailingAddress",
            "Addr1": "911 FORBES AVE",
            "Addr2": "SUITE XXX",
            "CityName": "asdfasfd",
            "StateProvCd": "PA",
            "PostalCode": "15219"
        },
        {
            "AddrTypeCd": "OfficeAddress",
            "Addr1": "911 Watson AVE",
            "Addr2": "SUITE XXX",
            "CityName": "asdfasfd",
            "StateProvCd": "CT",
            "PostalCode": "15119"
        }
    ]
}

Result value should look like below:
"{
    "Addr": [
        {
            "AddrTypeCd": "MailingAddress",
            "Addr1": "911 FORBES AVE",
            "Addr2": "SUITE XXX",
            "CityName": "asdfasfd",
            "StateProvCd": "PA",
            "PostalCode": "15219"
        },
        {
            "AddrTypeCd": "OfficeAddress",
            "Addr1": "911 Watson AVE",
            "Addr2": "SUITE XXX",
            "CityName": "asdfasfd",
            "StateProvCd": "CT",
            "PostalCode": "15119"
        }
    ]
}"

Is such a conversion possible at all without FLWOR statements?

A: You should be able to use xdmp:quote($parent).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
package org.maproulette.framework

import org.maproulette.framework.repository._
import org.maproulette.framework.service._
import org.maproulette.framework.util._
import org.scalatest.{BeforeAndAfterAll, Suite, Suites, Tag}

/**
  * @author mcuthbert
  */
class FrameworkMasterSuite extends Suites with BeforeAndAfterAll with TestDatabase {
  private val suites = IndexedSeq(
    new AchievementServiceSpec,
    new NotificationRepositorySpec,
    new NotificationSubscriptionRepositorySpec,
    new NotificationServiceSpec,
    new FollowServiceSpec,
    new TeamServiceSpec,
    new ChallengeServiceSpec,
    new ChallengeRepositorySpec,
    new ChallengeListingServiceSpec,
    new ChallengeSnapshotServiceSpec,
    new CommentServiceSpec,
    new CommentRepositorySpec,
    new DataServiceSpec,
    new GrantServiceSpec,
    new GrantRepositorySpec,
    new ProjectServiceSpec,
    new ProjectRepositorySpec,
    new LeaderboardServiceSpec,
    new LeaderboardRepositorySpec,
    new TagServiceSpec,
    new TagRepositorySpec,
    new TaskRepositorySpec,
    new TaskClusterRepositorySpec,
    new TaskHistoryRepositorySpec,
    new TaskReviewRepositorySpec,
    new TaskServiceSpec,
    new TaskBundleServiceSpec,
    new TaskClusterServiceSpec,
    new TaskReviewServiceSpec,
    new TaskReviewMetricsServiceSpec,
    new UserMetricsServiceSpec,
    new UserSavedObjectsServiceSpec,
    new UserSavedObjectsRepositorySpec,
    new UserServiceSpec,
    new UserRepositorySpec,
    new GroupServiceSpec,
    new GroupRepositorySpec,
    new GroupMemberRepositorySpec,
    new VirtualProjectServiceSpec,
    new VirtualProjectRepositorySpec
  )
  private val tagFilters: Seq[Tag] = Seq()
  override val nestedSuites: IndexedSeq[Suite] =
    suites.filter(
      tagFilters.isEmpty || _.tags
        .flatMap(_._2)
        .exists(tag => tagFilters.map(_.name).contains(tag.toLowerCase))
    )

  override protected def beforeAll(): Unit = this.applyEvolutions()

  override protected def afterAll(): Unit = this.cleanupEvolutions()
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Each frame is strung with a recycled sari tie. Ties vary in colour.
Glass Picture Frame - Landscape - 4 x 6 inch - Please note that the cord on the frame may vary in colour.


← Exchange 2016 Have a receive connector relay outside the domain.
Log in admin using ssh (with your favourite ssh client) or (serial) console cable.
You can enter all you like, e.g.
Now ssl is enabled and you can reach your switch using https.
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