1. Condensed historical overview of the founding and existence of the colony of the Chortizan Mennonite district.
A reproduction documented by Heinrich Heese from the: entertainment newsletter for German settlers in South Russia and requested published by the Chortizan districts office. Year 1851 no. 8-10.
This community has such poor documentation of their settlement in Russia, that it is difficult to have a memorandum about their ancestors and history to pass down to their descendants. Even with the exchange of documentation in writing, between local directors Major von Essen, Baron von Brakkel and Mr. Brigonzi until the founding of the Guardianship Comptoir Office for the foreign settlers in Jekaterinoslaw in 1800, our archive is almost empty. One can only depend on verbal memories of trustworthy men, already passed on, and their written notes they left behind, as a guide to the following historical description.
Because our community has only one church and citizen based documentation of our once common fatherland, one can only present its origination and condition at best with connecting documents. For a more clear understanding from our descendants, and the approval and usefulness of our history by our children, it is necessary to include a broader history of our earlier descent and of the most notable facts from the history of those ancestors to proceed the contents of this documentary. Not to make it boring, but rather it is intended to make it more entertaining.
By importing dutch clover, they turned the land into luscious grassland for cattle. These well nourished cows brought them profits; more than double the amount of local cattle. Their clean dutch cheeses and butter always found a buyer. In other words, they became rich farmers and served as blessed exemplars to the local neighbors, for they could never match up. The Mennonites houses always stood out, not only with paint, but also by cleanliness and comfort. Their fields and cattle added in beauty by good growth and color.
During the Seven Year War, the Russians found this excellent condition of the land of our fore fathers in the three low lands of: Danzig, Marienburg and Elbing. This was noticed by field officers, prominent figures like Duke Romanzow, who inquired into such matters providing the first base for Mennonites to emigrate to Russia. The High Regiment decided to call on foreign settlers to settle on the South Russian steppes, and, His Excellency, Duke Romanzow, mentioned the Mennonites. It was such a worthy report, that the quite pleased Empress Katharina II did not hesitate to send her authorized officer of foreign affairs, Major von Trapp, to offer a special, most promising commission to the Mennonites in Danzig. It was August 1786, when the above mentioned officer arrived in Danzig, and shortly thereafter presented his offer to the Mennonite church elder, Peter Epp, who assisted him in quick cooperation. In October of the same year, two authorized representatives of the Mennonites , Jakob Hoeppner and Johann Bartsch, traveled to Russia to seek a comfortable piece of land in the South Russian Steppe and to have freedom of religion assured, in addition to other provisions wanted from her Royal Highness. All costs were absorbed by the Russian regime and in November of 1787, they returned to Danzig with successful results. They had chosen Bereslaw, not far from Cherson, the roadway leading to Crimea close by and two rivers meeting, Dnepr and Konskaja, and in between were two islands, Tawan and Karro, rich with woods and grassland. It was to belong to their chosen area, but to inhabit that area, they also had to take on the district of Chortitza by special request of his Excellency Duke Potemkin, whom they had met during the war movements. Thus the preparations for emigration were agreed upon.
The total number of our Chortizan Mennonite ancestors that came from the lowlands of Danzig, Elbing and Marienwerder - amongst them 30 families from the lowland of the Pregel river near Gumbinnen - who were born in the kingdom of Prussia, came to 228 families. All were poor people who were seeking a better life and had already left in March 1788. Several traveled by land, carrying 2 to 3 families per wagon. They had authorized Hoeppner and Bartsch to be their leaders. Most of them went on waterways passing Riga until Dubrowna in White Russia, where they happily arrived the same summer. Because of the Russian Turkish war, they had to stay there, being well provided for by lieutenant Stael. It wasn't until August 1789 that they arrived in Chortitza.
Most already had their own wagons, which they had acquired by doing odd jobs and with support money, while in Dubrowna. The others traveled via barges on the Dnepr river from Mohilew to Jekatherinoslaw and from there on Russian supplied wagons. Now that the difficult travel was behind them and they saw the mountains surrounding them, they became discouraged. Thinking they could not farm the land. and beginning a misery, they implied accusations at their leaders.
The Chortizan district to the East stretched lengthwise along the right side of the Dnepr river bank, opposite of the estate of Mr. Mark, the crown village Wosnesensk, the district capital Alexandrowsk and the Colony Schoenwiese. Schoenwiese belongs to our community. The acreage along the south, forming a half circle to the north by river banks, is also bordered by the estates of Miklaschewski, Strukow, Lukaschewitz and Latschinow. It is under the governing district city of Jekaterinoslaw at a distance of 70 werst. Only the colony Schoenwiese lies in the district of Alexandrowsk, surrounded by land and estates owned by Alexandrowsk citizens and borders the Dnepr river in the West.
This area, the original chosen land for settlement and the additionally acquired 12,000 dessjatine by Miklaschewski, was hilly, steep gorges and low lying valleys were found throughout, making farming immensely difficult. Even though fields were in higher elevations and did bring fair results during rainy seasons, they preferred cultivation of the level steppe land which consisted of 4-6 werschok deep fertile soil and where the water from thaw and rain did not run off. The steep embankments along the ravines also did not prove profitable for farming. There are five main valleys in our district, to which all the other valleys stretch into, full of streams that empty into the Dnepr river, swollen in the springtime by downpours and thaws; and dry in the summer. They are named north to south 1) lower Chortitza, 2) middle Chortitza, 3) upper Chortitza, 4) Tomakowka and 5) Heidutschma (snake valley). Of the 14 colonies that lie in these valleys or border them, only three colonies, Einlage, Island Chortitza and Schoenwiese are across the Dnepr river. All gorges along the Dnepr river and a large part of the Chortitza island were covered heavily with woods. There were magnificent oak trees, poplars, elm trees, willows, wild pear and apple trees; mixed with linden and maple trees. Extreme abundance of sloe and rose hip bushes, elderberries and others existed as well. Everywhere one found vines mixed with lots of hop, making the woods almost inaccessible. Wild vineyards are still growing in the upper Island. These old forests are gone now, and here and there one can find an old tree. Todays wonderful woods stretch over an area of 819 Desjatines and are about 25 years old, growing into this beauty when order and supervision began. The old woods finally turned into a place to at least serve at a minimum the needs of the settlers. Even though the Dnepr river provides plenty fishing grounds, profits are so meager that the four communities of Einlage, Rosenthal, Island Chortitza and Schoenwiese only arrive at a profit of 45 silver ruble during a one years lease. Near the colony Rosenthal they just recently discovered a limestone quarry. (One already started to break rock to build two limestone ovens.) This is the natural make up of our steppe which measures, inclusive of Schoental, 32,707 1/2 Desjatines usable and 5,134 Desjatines unusable land. The unusable land consists of sandy areas along the Dnepr river banks and areas in the gorges where the ground is mostly clay. Along the ravines are seven inhabitable huts to be found, which were left behind by the farmers before our settlement, in the vicinity where our colony Chortitza now is.
Major von Essen, an old, good, but also weak man, was the director of our emigrants, since the journey but did not do much good for them. Deputies Hoeppner and Bartsch were the soul of all his dealings, which through more favorable conditions would have fared better. While Hoeppner was a man of action, Bartsch was a thinker. Fall had arrived quickly and our ancestors were still living in tents. Building materials had not arrived nor support money and the reserves were gone. Illnesses, especially dysentery, and with lack of medical attention, claimed lots of victims. Despair was great. The insoluble delusion of overcoming the mountains for farming, became embedded so deeply, that it hampered the efforts to move forward consistently for several years. Getting so late in the season, the authorities moved to supply the community with the most necessary means to save them from distinction. Except for a few families, who found accommodations in the Chaten of Chortitza, most found shelter in Alexandrowsk with commander von Schwarz and in the Crown city of Wolochski near Jekaterinoslaw. In the spring of 1790 they were ordered back to the proposed land and steps toward settlement were under way, however with modest success.
2) ALLOWANCE - from the arrival at the border until finalized journey, 25 Kopek daily for persons over the age of 15, 12 Kopek per person under the age of 12.
4) 120 4-Faden long beams per family and the necessary lumber to built two mills at least, and six grindstones.
During an inspection by an expedition of the German domain and the guardianship of foreign affairs, and by council von Continuous' established revision in 1799, it was found that the first emigrants received cash support in the amount of 237,001 ruble and 60 kopek for a total of 288 families. The second batch of emigrants, 118 families, had received 121,235 ruble and 33 kopek. Actually a total of 358,236 ruble 90 kopek had been disbursed. Because of that, negotiations between the guardianship comptoir, founded in Jekaterinoslaw in 1800, overseeing the affairs of new russian foreign settlers, and its officer von Contenious, took place. In regard to the poor condition of the settlers and the irregular support to build their houses at different times to the then elders, (Hoeppner and Bartsch were already dismissed), significant sums of money to support the community were distributed, but there was negligence and misuse. The money was to be used to acquire grain for seed and food, to build a cognac distillery, purchase farming equipment, flax, looms and spinning wheels and cattle to re-settle 66 families. These families were to settle on the land, purchased in 1803 by Miklaschewsky; the two colonies Burwalde and lower Chortitza. 42,686 ruble 88 1/2 kopek, for which there was no bill in the community archive, and for consideration of the poor condition of the settlers, did not have to be paid back until 1805. The rest was not paid back until 1847. The reimbursement for travel money was waived at the plea of the community.
Our ancestors did not possess many goods. The items they brought were partially ruined if not totally destroyed, while traveling by boat.
In the originally proposed district of Chortitza, which measures 42,235 Desjatines, 228 families settled within 8 colonies. They could not start building houses because they lacked the materials. Their homes were mud huts. The small amounts of money, 34 ruble per family, sometimes less, and only disbursed now and then, was used for food. The few wooden beams were cut up as firewood and sold for food. The inflicted delusion that the land was useless and one had to find something better, slowed almost all effort. Four years later they started to build houses on an irregular basis and without instigation. The sociability of the families in the community easily awarded agreement in choice of settling spots.
1) CHORTIZ, at the tip of the valley in the 'Upper Chortitza' from which it's name derives. It is diagrammed fairly regular and in its position, being surrounded by the mountains, gives a comfortable view. The removal of the dark oak forest by the first settlers was greatly rewarded by them and their children by planting orchards. There is only a small part of the original wood standing at the tip of the valley. At first they did not consider dividing the land into plots; each plowed and cut hay where they pleased, but almost always close to the colony. Only a few years later did they measure out the district within the village and neighboring borders. The original amount of settlers was 34.
2) ROSENTHAL, in the same valley, 'lower Chortitza' and also the residence of deputy Bartsch. The Dnepr divides there into two arms seemingly holding a small group of young oak trees. The soil is sandy and grass grows only sparingly and thus earning this island the name "pigs head". The name Rosenthal was given later by the request of von Contenius when a community orchard was planted where a lot of wild roses grew. The view of Rosenthal is not very pleasing because of its layout. Even though they have beautiful farms, all in one corner of the land, are making it difficult for them to farm the land. Cultivation is only meekly progressing because of the soils high alkali content. Gardens in the higher elevations are rather pleasing though. A special originality is the young growth of woods where once was the old forest alongside the riverbed. There is also a small fishery on the Dnepr which earns a lease of 6 ruble a year. The first families there numbered 20.
3) ISLAND CHORTIZ, here resides deputy Hoeppner. He immediately moved himself and 11 additional families onto this island, which measures 7 werst in length and 3 werst in width. Two Chaten were left from earlier times, standing in the garden of the Russian Duke Potemkin, when care tenders of the forests lived there. The colony lies between the left arm of the Dnepr river banks and the ravines of the mountains. It is not guarded against the extreme floods of the Dnepr river, but comfortable to look at with its orchards and vegetable gardens. The soil on the whole island is sandy, which bring plentiful crops in rainy seasons, and barely yield during hot dry summer seasons, despite all the work, efforts and costs. The grassland is rather scarce but enough to raise good cattle in combination with the good drinking water from the Dnepr river. The young forest and the fishery, which is an asset to the colony however, only brings 12 silver ruble a year of lease profit. The large forest at the tip of the colony is not owned by the colony but belongs to the whole Chortizan community, which even employs a caretaker. Only the grasslands around these forests are used by the whole community for cutting hay. The number of the first settlers is 12.
4) EINLAGE, named after a village at the Nogat river in Prussia because of its similar location, stretching within a curve of the river. At time of settlement they found one single farm hut, not far from the crossing of a road to Kitschkas and an old Tschumakkenstreet leading from Poland to the Don. Also found was a forest heavily occupied with oaks and wild apple and pear trees, which also were destroyed and replaced with young trees as an orchard. With a yearly income of 18 ruble from lease, the fishery here is only a secondary matter. The colony lies at the end of the grounds where one finds the most fertile soil behind the village and sandy soil around the village. The sandy soil here is of an advantage especially in spring, when the grass here grows earlier and stays lush when the season stays moist. The grass, however, disappears with the heat. The length of the village is 2 werst, irregular in its layout because of the curving of the valley and the rocky ridges. But its houses do not lack in beauty nor does the village lack in prosperity. A friend of nature shall find these beautiful houses, surrounded by orchards, and rocks covered by young oak trees, very surprisingly inviting. Amount of first settlers 41.
decided in 1833 to move into a narrow deep gorge into the Heidutschina Valley. Only six families stayed behind on the ravine cultivated by them. It seems this small village vanished from the earth. Even from close up it is hardlynoticeable, always hiding its treasure of beautiful houses and plentiful orchards. A poet would find heaven here but the locals often find the roads in need of repair and very difficult to pass when delivering their fruits. They do not lack in trade though, and are noted as an obedient people, belonging to the friesian party. Number of original inhabitants is 35.
6) NEUENBURG, its name deriving from Prussia, lies at the tip of the Heidutschina valley and is also only noticeable by a second look. It is a most unpleasant view right where the Kitschkasser crossing lies, but also does not lack in prosperity and cultivation. The ground is one of the flattest, most desirable ones. Original settlers 16.
7) NEUENDORF, its name also derives from Prussia and lies at the tip of the Tomakowka valley along side the curving river banks making the neat originality less pleasing to look at. Original amount of setters 38.
8) SCHOENHORST, whose name also derives from Prussian lowland. It is situated just below Neuendorf. Also with irregularity in its borders but similar comfort in the Tomakowka. Original settlers of 32.
That is how our ancestors were settled with in the above mentioned 8 colonies, 228 families, lead by the two, more than once mentioned, deputies by Major von Essen. To further enhance their well being, they had chosen teachers, which also held religious services. A church elder was blessed in 1795 for which an overseer from Prussia came. Soon after the settlement, Mr. von Essen was replaced by Baron von Brakkel, who won the admiration of the settlers by his efforts and also by enforcing the building of houses more strictly.
1) SCHOENWIESE, name of Prussian origin, only separated from the district city Alexandrowsk by the creek Mokraja. 17 families make the colony complete, and church Elder Heinrich Janzen moved there right away from his parish Kronsweide. Each family had goods on the average of 350 ruble. Each lot measured 1401 Dessjatines and a small strip of land, about a third of their land per family lies across the Mokraja creek, which empties into the Dnepr, making cultivation difficult. The kitchen gardens along the creek banks, however, are very fertile and the harvest is easily sold at a profit to the occupants of the city. The rest of the land, another third, yields hay. The land is in bottom land of the Dnepr and has groups of oak trees, poplars and grassland. The community has quickly advanced thus beginning to erect a more roomy prayer house.
2) KRONSGARTEN, with a name hinting to the beauty of nature. Founded by the remaining 15 families in the Nowomokowskan district at the creek banks of Kilschin which also empties into the Dnepr. Kronsgarten is 12 werst form its district city Nowomoskowsk and 15 werst from the governing city of Jekatherinoslaw. It belongs to the Friesan community and is always beautiful to look at, matching the beauty of its name. It was however built at low ground level, exposing the land to floods. For that reason they are presently building houses, made of bricks, at a higher location. They are also building a prayer and a schoolhouse. They have a fertile plot with a small wood and a small fishery at the Kilschin which earns 8 ruble a year for lease. This community was included in 1843 under the jurisdiction of the Chortizan office.
FOUNDING OF NEW COLONIES BY RESETTLEMENT OF OLD SETTLERS UNDER THE SENIOR MAYOR PETER SIEMENS DURING 1803 -1812.
It is during this time that that the two deputies Hoeppner & Bartsch had to resign, but it took a long time before they were replaced by a comparable man as far as their mind and efforts go. Ignorance and jealousy was the only thing that lead to their misfortune. Since they were not rectified during their life time, history owes to do so after their death to educate their descendants. There was nothing noteworthy of their governing other than the continued carelessness. It brought about the resettlement of the 66 families from the old colonies, who were placed onto the land purchased from Miklaschewski by the crown in 1802. It was first divided into two colonies and later into three.
1) BURWALDE (russian name: Barburka) possibly stemming from the Prussian village Baerwalde. It was founded at the mouth of the Chortizan valley with 27 families coming from the old colonies, having received a support money of 1040 from the crown and the ten free years. There are small ravines with new growths of forests and a rather hilly landscape. The view is not too pleasing because of the narrowness and curliness of the layout, but their land is comfortable and the farmers are diligent and prosperous.
2) NIEDERCHORTIZ, the name deriving from the lower Chortitza on which estuary it lies, was also founded in 1803 with 39 families of original settlers. Each family had 1000 ruble of assistance and ten free years. The wide, flat view of the layout gives this colony a nice view, not to speak of their lack of competing with other nice farms. Their status, however, has risen in the last few years, in looks and efforts. One finds nice orchards already. Most of the soil is sandy, more so the closer it gets to the Dnepr river banks, and does not yield good crops, especially during dry seasons. Its slanted layout of the entire region does not provide fertile soil, especially because of runoff water.
3) SCHOENEBERG (russian name Smoljanaja) established at the upper valley of the lower Chortitza. It's name deriving from it's location (beautiful hill). In the year 1816, 14 landlords from the colony Niederchortiz, were enticed to build this colony with aids of wagons and manual labor. It has developed greatly and the houses and gardens are not lacking in value compared with other colonies. Their land is fertile and busy with agriculture.
4) KRONSTHAL (russian name - Dolinsk) who's name is a combination of Kronsweide and Rosenthal. The 12 landlords came from the two colonies. In 1809 Kronsthal was established in the valley of the Middle Chortitza with only private support of 51 ruble per family. It now has the best view with its layout of the well built houses and gardens and the straight road through the main part of the village. The land is one of most fertile and agriculture is thriving.
5) NEUOSTERWIK (russian name - Pawlowka) named after the village Osterwik in the lowlands of Prussia. Founded in 1812 by 20 landlords that came from the original established colonies, with only a private cash support of 50 ruble. It lays at the tip of the middle Chortitza. It's view reminds of the village of Kronsthal but it has good houses and gardens and the fields are cultivated effortlessly.
1) ROSENGART (russian name - Nowoslobodka or Popowa) named by the mayor with the intent of a beautiful layout of the colony. It was established above Burwalde, in the valley Middle Chortitza. There was no support since these settlers did not owe to the crown and with 22 estates they were not overworked and only had the welfare of the settlers in mind. Originally small houses became nice large estates and orchards were abundant. The characteristic of the land is medium. Deep gorges cut through the valley and one can find new woods along the Dnepr river banks. This colony began the limestone quarry, which hopefully will continue to be profitable.
2) BLUMENGART, named because of flowers that covered the site . It lies in the lower Chortitza valley between Schoeneberg and Nieder Chortiz. 14 estates are thriving, even with the characteristic of the land only at medium usefulness on the steppes among the hills.
3) NEUHORST, (russian name - Kapustjanka) named by combined parts of Neuendorf and Schoenhorst, from which the 13 landlords moved from. It lies north of Neuendorf at the tip of the Tomakowka valley and owns a comfortable piece of land. With much effort, they acquired nice farms, gardens and some fortune.
All now under the jurisdiction of the Chortizan government, each family has 65 Dessjatines of land, except for the two colonies of Burwalde and Schoenwiese. Because of difficult cultivation due to its location , Burwalde received 325 Dessjatines and 4 families were re-settled from Schoenwiese to Molotschna.
In addition to the 460 landlords, there are 673 landless families, small farmers (homesteaders), bringing it to a total count of 7,217 people.
All beginnings are difficult. - The meaning of this saying reached our parent settlers, and the original reasons of persistent hindering was uncertainty.
Their poverty is therefore a secondary matter. Proof is, that several of our ancestors, who right a way worked peacefully and eagerly, already enjoyed homes and had plenty of food from their own cultivation, whereas the dissatisfied mass of settlers still sat in their mud huts, sneering at the bowls of soup made from half rotten flour.
The uncertainty made them disgruntled, brought distrust, misuse and tiredness.The two deputies, Hoeppner and Bartsch, as so many able men, not powerful enough of fight it, succumbed to this misery. The people, coming from the work and service force, and focused on the idea to get rich and live a comfortable life, had to be very disappointed when seeing the uncultivated mountains. On top of this dissatisfaction came the unusual high death rate, because of lack of food and clothing. That heightened the misery so severely that it took several (30) years to overcome.
The only total bad harvest occurred in 1833, even though scarce harvests of grain and hay crops occurred in the years of 1823, 1824, 1842 and 1845. To purchase necessary items cost the community large sums. The bad harvests in the earlier years, mainly caused by late planting and summer heat burning the underdeveloped plants on the fields or crops eaten by field mice, cannot fall under this category.
The loss of cattle during the earlier 15 years was also mainly due to negligence to feed or feeding with spoiled grain. Later though, when the community took greater care, they lost most of their cattle to epidemics, especially in the years of 1804, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1828, 1833, and in 1845 the colony Kronsweide alone lost 2/3 of its herd. Most of these sicknesses usually were found along the Tschumakkenstreet, pointing to infections by strange cattle, spreading later throughout the district.
Flooding of the Dnepr river in 1820, caused damage only to the three colonies Insel-Chortiz, Rosenthal and the lower part of Einlage. In 1829 and 1841 only Rosenthal was flooded and mostly had the gardens devastated. In 1845, when the Dnepr rose to its highest stage ever, the four colonies, Einlage, Rosenthal, Insel-Chortiz and Nieder-Chortiz were heavily devastated. Einlage, which lies in a valley, was totally flooded when a dam burst. 20 houses were destroyed and the loss came to 8,922 ruble 14 kopek. These houses are already rebuilt at a better location and of better quality with money through cash support and donations. Also the dam was placed at a different location. The cognac distillery, which used to be in Einlage, was so heavily damaged that the total loss came to 2,409 ruble 43 kopek. Rosenthal suffered a loss of 2,491 ruble 38 kopek but for lack of land space only 4 landlords could relocate their estates. Most of their hay fields are covered by river sand but becoming grown over by washed up poplar and willow tree seeds and the higher locations have been planted with shrubbery. The earlier mentioned Island, the 'pigs head' is surrounded now by a ditch measuring 1,120 faden long and the community built a dam at the lower end of the valley to protect against further flooding. The loss on Insel-Chortiz was estimated at 430 ruble 59 kopek even though most houses were covered by water up to the roofs. The most devastating loss for this community was, however, the sand layer covering their hay fields. All the houses had to remain on the same places but they were able to raise the road. Nieder-Chortiz also was flooded and its damage came to 1, 221 ruble 67 kopek. The community chose to build an earthen dam for protection in the future, rather than tolerate to avoid major costs. The total loss of the flood in 1845 came to 15, 476 ruble 21 silver kopek.
At times there were great hail storms and also devastating fires causing tremendous suffering to the community. In 1811, three farms burned at once in Einlage. In Schoeneberg, not counting the school, six farms burned in 1823. 2/3 of the loss was paid from the fire fund, aiding the community, being diligent and obedient citizens, to always recover during peace time. Nature also provided fertile soil on the burned land, producing good harvests.
There were only two earthquakes this community had to endure. One in 1799 and one on Jan. 11, 1838, at nine in the evening. Neither caused much damage, only lasting a few minutes and rolling from west to east, scaring people and animals, and noticeably increasing the flows from the springs.
Our community found itself in a disastrous situation, especially in 1793, when downfall was a threat; new groups of Mennonites arrived , a total of 118 families from Prussia. Having a small fortune on them, spread some money within the community as they could purchase goods and were able to pay for them. Where there is money, there is courage. The building of houses started and the fields were worked more and each could eat from their own provision. Even more national emigrants from Prussia came, who first stayed at our colonies and later settled in the Molotschna. In 1803, 179 families, and in the following year 146 families emigrated from Prussia. These emigrants needed room and board, barns, bread and feed and they paid cash. This happy occasion brought an energy to the community life, which did not falter again. Not only did money come into circulation, but our colonists had high income with the building of houses and so the morale grew as well. It improved the living standards tremendously and they could even afford corn mills. In addition, they were raising sheep and became well off. This luck started in 1803, when Mr. von Contenius, head official of the Guardianship Comptoir arranged for the community to receive as a gift from the crown, 30 sheep of which 15 were bucks. These were to be paired with Russian sheep and with later acquired additional bucks from Mr. Stieglitz in Zarskoje-Selo and from Saxony. They soon had a herd together. This herd could be considered a gold mine for the community in those years, when the cultivation of the fields was not profitable because of low grain prices. There were some lows with the raising of sheep but they usually jumped right back. For a long time it was not advantageous for the community since the surrounding landlords did not care to buy sheep yet. In 1822 though, our community gained wealth by the sale of russian sheep, when the same landlords started to buy whole herds, even at higher prices. But now it seems that this branch of farming slowly comes to an end. The grain farming seems to be on the upswing with higher prices. Since the estate owners have put a yearly order in for wagons and plows, even young people started to learn the trade. The liked originality of the German wagons surely is of an advantage for a long time to come.
His Excellence, Mr. von Contenius, donated out of our community income a special community sum. Viewing a more quicker and secure income by exemplars of silk production, vineyards, orchards etc. Even though he did not succeed because of hesitation and misuse, he did lay a foundation and the community sheep production was a certain success. The crowns crossing of Kitchkas (old russians hint the name stems from the narrow bed between the rocks just above the crossing of Kazzensprung) already existed before our first settlers arrived but in poor condition. Realizing the advantage of such, as well as gearing to their own comfort, the first Germans built a ferry from the profits of the cognac sale. With decent ferries like this everyone was using them. In 1845, our community received the right to private ferry use, by his Excellence and proxy, Mr. von Hahn, according to the Ukas of the current senate by a special bill dated May 26, 1823. In 1847, our community amassed a great sum of 1,235 ruble of which the community received a third as compensation for a cattle run.
Due to the flood of 1845, the cognac distillery was rebuilt, using brick, at a more secure location. It has an annual income of 6,282 & 1/2 ruble from leasing. The beer brewery used to be under lease too, bringing in 770 ruble annually. To induce competition for a better product, the regional office offered free enterprise which produced four breweries, paying a yearly sum of 700 ruble to keep their freedom.
The deep valley near the colony Rosenthal, where Mr. von Contenius had the community nursery placed, had previously been chosen by Duke Potemkin for an orchard. He mainly wanted to plant cherry trees, dig a ditch around it and close to the garden on a ledge, where there is a picturesque view, he wanted to build his castle overlooking the Valley Chortiz and the Dnepr river. Mr. Contenius hired a gardener, ordered young fruit tress and grape plants from the Crimea, ordered seeds and freely handed out trees and mulberry bushes from the nursery to the settlers. He did not spare with warnings nor praise but laziness and prejudice hampered his desire for years. Finally, at an old age he did have the pleasure to see it come alive and be productive.
Presently, settlers that run a nursery primarily raise fruit trees and mulberry trees, but by order of the government, main planting is woods and Mulberry trees and with quite a success.
The untouchable funds of these two insurance facilities guaranties the whole brotherhood and the statutes were brought from Prussia. Each in its own is overseen by two elders for life, as a foresight, if nothing drastic happens. The elders pay is to not having to participate in community duties and collect 1% cash from incoming funds.
one Hube gets 200, for two, 400 ruble. etc., reimbursing about 2/3, and the owner has to carry 1/3 of the loss. Each house is taxed in advance and 1% cash payable at time of registration to avoid over registration of Huben in case of a loss. Burned farming equipment and cattle is reimbursed in cash: a horse for 311/2 ruble, a cow for 24 ruble, 1 wagon for 60 ruble, 1 plow for 35 ruble etc. This gives the misfortunate a chance to continue to farm right away, even though it may be less than he had. Farmers and homesteaders are treated the same. The capital of this insurance company, Chortizan and Molotschan Mennonites combined, consists of 27, 409 fire Huben valued at 5,481,800 ruble. If a fire loss amounts to 1000 ruble, each Hube earns a dividend of 3 2/3 kopek, meaning that each participant pays to the insurance company 3 2/3 kopek toward reimbursement per Hube claimed. That does not pose hardship and thus covers burned wheat and feed.
ORPHAN FUND: This facility presently holds a capital of 213,060 ruble 50 kopek. These funds are available for loan to the settlers. Each year it increases on income with the number of new settlers and their fortunes. The main source of income derives from the sale of estates of perished parents and relatives, leaving the under age heirs behind. The buyer has to pay 1 % fee right away, and if does not have enough cash, he has to provide two grantors that assure payment, or he will not get the purchased property assigned. Each debtor has to pay 6 % interest and a 10th of their debt annually. From this income, the adult age heirs would get their capital plus interest. The elders also confirm watching over the orphan fund in regard to guardians having the duty of raising the orphans and taking care of the widows through this fund.
Our condensed description of our community presents a picture of a grown man. Having lived through all stages of life, like a child nourished by its mother, the community from the state. Like a boy, who in his young age already had to give input to earn his keep, like a young man who already had to show duty to himself and to the state. Now the community, in full strength, to do what is right before God, having recognized the favor received from the state, stands as an example to everyone and a welfare to its descendants. It climbed, with visible guidance by God, from total poverty, in slow steps, to prosperity. The hardships it had to endure gave it experience and awareness and grew to live under leadership of church and law abiding customs. These fortunate happenings are surely a praiseful step in the future. Mennonites do not have the character of quickness, but they are calculating, able and enduring and with their religious obedient nature, and under a good leadership, should happily reach the goal the set. Their tendency to acquire and lack of land, drives them to lease land from estates for cultivation, to market their harvests and earn income as wood workers and blacksmiths. If, however, the landowners ever decide to keep their land to themselves, our community, because of its growth, will find pressed conditions.
The homesteaders, who farm around our area to earn their keep, will have to become day laborers, and totally become unbalanced toward the farmer. Permitted by the regime, the local government re-settled 115 young families, divided into 4 colonies on a barren piece of crown land near Mariupol(Bergtal, Schoenfeld, Schoental, Heubuden). This reduction already has been tripled by new growth and more re-settling would be in order if land was available. But the human thinks and God leads; we should not worry about the future, but go forward with trust in God, with intercession for the crown, with obedience to the Authorities, with love for the neighbor, and follow our duty and we surely shall continuously be blessed.
NOTICE: The Chortizan districts office felt compelled to use Heinrich Heese to compose this report. Engaging the ability of an already old, yet deserving man who used to be an area writer of the Mennonite colony Einlage. Even in his younger years, he already gave the best in communicating with the first emigrants and their deputies. His notes and personal experience during his time of service will ensure the exactness of situations, by using his service, in compiling the history of the Mennonite colonies in the Chortizan district.
Some notes pertain to same reading material referenced through out the above... I just translated the most ( to me) important notes and references with some of the notes I took the liberty to include into the actual story.
G. Pisarevskij: Iz istorii innostranojkolonizacii v Rossii v XVIII v.
The "Director and Trustee" i.e. the commander of the foreign colonies on South Russia was still under the government authorities until 1800. Together with the church elders he handled the lower jurisdictions of the colonies and with the help of deputies and/or mayors, imposed the governmental regulations. We are missing the naming of the first 'Director and Trustee' of the Mennonite colonies. Georg von Trappe (compare p.3) was named per wish of the Mennonites (compare paragr. 17, giving him the privilege through Epp, on page 31) but could not take over the local leadership while continuing his business in foreign countries.
One cannot easily assume that von Essen was Italian, even though Epp states that on p 116, since nothing more is known.
Brigonzi, director of the New-Russian colonies, since 1797 (compare p 1 Am. 3), was made assistant to the head judge of "Guardianship'. (Welfare of Tutel) of the local authorities for the colonies in South Russia. compare Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov (complete law collection) first series (I PSZ) edition 26, no 19372 p. 127.
The development of the Guardianship Comptoir was inspired by von Contaenius compare p 9 addendum 2) - Already during the officiating of D. von Essen, the two deputies Hoeppner & Bartsch (compare p 4 ad 2 a p 19 ad 1) had to turn in all the documents they had been entrusted with, to the 'Office of Chortiz' compare p. 116.
The Flamish were stricter towards keeping up their religious customs and were called the "fine or exact group' in comparison with the less strict Friesan who were called the 'rough ones. compare Mennonite Lexicon 2nd edition p 8, Friesen p. 46.
Jakob Hoeppner from Bohnsack and Johann Bartsch from the Neugarten community compare J. Quiring: The slang of Chortiz of South Russia. Munich 1928. p. 9 Mennonite Lexicon vol. 1 p. 128 vol. 2 346, also compare the letter written by Bartsch from Dubrowna by Epp. p. 17f, p. 24 & p. 37.
According to I PSZ Vol. 28, no 21909, the property, purchased by Miklaschewskij, the prior governor, for 24,000 rubel, measuring 11,755 Dessjatines, originally was supposed to settle 150 families.
The notes about the land lent by the regime sway within this report. A. von Haxthausen: Studies of conditions, lives & the Russian land establishments. part II, Hannover 1847 gives different land measurements without noting so. like 32,663 Dessjatines p. 177, 32, 648 on p. 175 as are in the data of Mennonites in Europe and America, statistical, religious and historical contents. by von Rieswitz and Wadzeck, Berlin 1821 p. 382 and 32,684 9/40 Dessjatines by Klaus; E. Hahn news letter of German settlers in Russia mentions 33,682 inclusive of sheep herding land.
In his report, Contaenius states that the first 228 families received 238,203 rubel 93 kopek and further 118 families received 142,771 rubel 18 kopek. On top of that, they did not have to pay back 21,535 rubel 85 kopek for travel reimbursement. The 346 families counted 1696 people.
Samuel Contaenius, born 1750 in Westfalia, died 1830 in Jekaterinoslaw and was buried in Josephstal. He started serving the Russian state in 1785. Advisor of the Geographical department, he was entrusted to oversee the German colonists in New Russia and in 1800 was made head of the Welfare Office in Jekaterinoslaw which was founded upon his suggestion and he served there until 1818. Because of his far-sightedness and untiring effectiveness, the German colonists in South Russia became quite prosperous in later years. An acknowledgment of his services in regards to the raise of the cultural agriculture level, shall be found in one of the following references. compare Conrad Keller: The German Colonies in Russia Vol. 1 Odessa 1905 p. 49-51; A. M. Fadeev : Memories in Russian Archive, Moskau 1891 p. 321 f; Mennonite lexicon Vol. 1 Frankfurt a. Main 1913.
The date of repayment of the 10 year credit (compare I PSZ Vol. 26 no 19372) was moved back for five more years for the in the Chortizan area living Mennonites on September 6, 1800. (compare I PSZ Vol. 26 No 19546) and on September 9 a suggestion was accepted that each family of the Chortizan area was to pay 25 rubel as land tax, and 14 rubel 571/3 kopek to cover the debt. (compare I PSZ Vol. 28 No 21909) The total debt was advised to be 38,7019 rubel and it was waived because of the land purchased with a Miklaschewski advanced sum of 240,000 rubel, because otherwise these Mennonites would have a special position in self purchased land.
An even apportionment of the land to the individual farms must have started in 1805 or at least was intended during the settling of how to settle the matter of repayment of debt.
In 1790, the Chortizan community elected Berend Penner as one of their elders.
It is the first church merger of the 'Friesen' in the Black Sea area. The list of head mayors in the Chortizan area, compiled by Epp, does not contain the name of Peter Siemens. Until 1823, a Johann Siemens though, was supposed to have been head mayor for 18 years, assuming, that he was re elected every three years and approved by the authorities each time as well. compare I PSZ Vol. 26 No 19873 (16 may 1801) about the self management of the German colonists in the Black Sea Region.
The dissatisfaction over the land management rules, which was established by the regime, took on such measurements that they accused the deputies, who also wanted to settle there, of embezzlement of community funds, and they oddly enough complained to commanding officer Schwarz. An examination in association with the lieutenant governor proved their innocence. Bartsch, who was re admitted to the church community, spent the rest of his life though in deep depression. The complaint against Hoeppner however, brought about the sale of his properties to cover his debts to the crown and imprisonment. Pardoned in 1801, Hoeppner joined the Friesan community and found his support with Miklaschewskij. One could explain the accusations against him with his special rights and land he had received by the regime. compare Epp p. 50 f - privilege certificate.
The sheep herding business proved so successful, that a report sent to the minister of interior, was found unbelievable. They sent two officials in 1827 to check it out.
Haxthausen reports of the ferries Vol. 2 p. 171. "We came to the Dnepr, and were transported across on one of those German ferries, there was not a hardship for moving the wagons. Instead of trying to put them sideways they were all put lengthwise one after the other. I cannot understand why the usually practical Russians keep up with such absurd old customs."


text:
What's New: April 20 to April 22, 2012
What's New? April 20 to April 22, 2012
Adenovirus infection Bangladesh, Malaysia
Amoebiasis Japan, Peru
Anaplasmosis Germany
Angiostrongyliasis Taiwan
Ascariasis Peru
Bartonellosis - other systemic United States
Blastocystis hominis infection Peru
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever Bolivia
Botulism Canada
Campylobacteriosis Denmark
Capillariasis - extraintestinal Taiwan
Dientamoeba fragilis infection < Worldwide >
Echinococcosis - unilocular < Worldwide >
Ehrlichiosis - human monocytic < Worldwide >, Belgium, Netherlands
Enterovirus infection China, Vietnam
Giardiasis Peru, United States
HIV/AIDS Denmark, United Kingdom
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Bolivia
Hepatitis B Denmark, Serbia and Montenegro
Hepatitis C Serbia and Montenegro
Hepatitis E Netherlands
Hookworm Malawi, Peru, United States
Hymenolepis diminuta infection China, Taiwan
Hymenolepis nana infection Peru, Taiwan
Influenza < Worldwide >, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Rep. of Congo, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Marianas, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peoples Dem. Rep. Korea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, U.S., Wallis and Futuna Islands, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Leishmaniasis - visceral China, Paraguay, Sudan
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Spain
Lymphogranuloma venereum Ireland
Malaria Clinical Notes, < Worldwide >
Measles United Kingdom, United States
Melioidosis India
Meningitis - aseptic (viral) Vietnam
Mumps Canada
Murray Valley encephalitis Australia
Mycobacteriosis - miscellaneous nontuberculous < Worldwide >
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection Clinical Notes
Orbital and eye infection < Worldwide >
Phleboviruses - Old World < Worldwide >, Croatia
Pneumocystis pneumonia < Worldwide >
Poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis < Worldwide >
Q-fever Germany, Netherlands, Serbia and Montenegro
Rabies < Worldwide >, Canada, Dominican Republic
Respiratory syncytial virus infection < Worldwide >, France
Respiratory viruses - miscellaneous < Worldwide >, France, United Kingdom
Spotted fevers - Old World Sri Lanka
Strongyloidiasis Peru
Syphilis Denmark, Ireland
Tetanus India
Toxoplasmosis China
Trichuriasis Peru, United States
Typhoid and enteric fever India, Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Typhus - scrub Sri Lanka
Varicella < Worldwide >
West Nile fever Morocco
Zika Belize
New Disease Synonyms Added Neoehrlichia mikurensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Using translational genomics to underpin germplasm improvement for complex traits in crop legumes
Lead Research Organisation: John Innes Centre
Department Name: UNLISTED
Legumes are a group of important plant species that, together with bacteria that live in nodules on the root, can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to a form that can be used by plants. They include peas and beans as well as crop plants that are used for animal feed. Some legume species have been developed as 'models' that allow us to investigate genome structure, DNA sequence and the control of gene expression in a way that would be more difficult in crops. Model species typically have a small genome size, short generation times and an inbreeding system of reproduction. The barrel medic (Medicago truncatula ) has been developed as a model legume and, for example, is expected to have all its genes sequenced by the end of 2007. Information and resources from model species can be used to understand more about the genetics and genomics of crop plants in a way that will facilitate improved ways of breeding new varieties for the changing needs of agriculture. In this work we will use knowledge of Medicago truncatula to gain understanding of a closely related species, red clover. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important crop for feeding animals (sheep, beef and dairy cattle) in the UK and many temperate parts of the world. In this work we will compare the genomes of the model and crop to lay the foundation for new approaches to breeding in the crop. We will do this in several different ways: (i) The sequences of long stretches of DNA will be compared. To do this we will use DNA that has been inserted into bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) in a way that allows it to be held together and suitable for sequencing. The extent of similarity in sequence between red clover and M. truncatula will tell us how closely related the two species are and the extent to which we can use information from the model e.g. to clone genes in the crop. (ii) The position of differences in DNA sequence (polymorphisms) will be mapped in the genome of red clover in such as way as to relate these differences to the physical genome as represented by the BACs (iii) A number of bio-informatic approaches will be used to extract information from DNA sequencing, physical and genetic mapping and to place the information found in the wider context of legume genetics. The bioinformatic component of the work will also facilitate the application of the knowledge gained and resources generated to the development of new varieties of red clover and other important crop species.
Technical Summary
The objective is to create a robust physical map of diploid clover (Trifolium pratense) that will be anchored to the genome sequence of the legume reference species Medicago truncatula, and aligned to the clover genetic map. The anchored physical map will facilitate dissection of biological traits, future genetic improvement and marker assisted breeding in this important legume crop. The proposal will allow comparative analysis across legume species and create a model for translational genomics in crop legumes. Fingerprinting and end-sequencing of BAC clones from an existing red clover library will be used to obtain 2000 BAC contigs and anchor them to the M. truncatula genome using the closest homologue. Cytogenetics will assess the level of coverage of the clover physical map and resolve issues with misaligned contigs. Approximately 70 gene specific molecular markers previously tested in clover will permit an approximate positioning in the M. truncatula genome to be determined. A web accessible clover information resource with the alignment to M. truncatula, and integrated with the alfalfa resource developed in the US will be established. Integration with other databases will allow us to derive conserved orthologous sequence markers from the clover end-sequence tags that can be integrated with their counterparts in M. truncatula and Lotus japonicus.
Apr 07 - Apr 10
BBSRC
BB/E024823/1
Giles Oldroyd
John Innes Centre, United Kingdom (Lead Research Organisation)
Giles Oldroyd (Principal Investigator)
Description We developed a map of the clover genome that facilitates the production of a full genome sequence of clover.
Exploitation Route The genome platforms are valuable for breeding initiatives and trait dissection in this forage crop.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink
Description This research underpinned the development of a genomic platform for clover, an important forage crop in the UK. Such genomic platforms are essential for dissecting crop traits.
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink
Impact Types Societal


Published: March 17, 2004 12:00 am Updated: March 17, 2004 8:38 a.m.
Wesley was the MVP of this year's state tournament. During his senior year, he shot 65 percent from the floor, averaged almost 17 points per game, eight rebounds, four assists, two blocks and a steal. He had 11 assists in the state championship game.


The fabulous plant that grows in the valley of the Dead Sea on the edge of Jericho in the Judean Desert is called in Christianity the "Resurrection Plant" as it symbolizes the resurrection of Jesus. It is said that it was granted the gift of immortality when Maria placed a shroud belonging to her scared baby on it. The rose blossomed beside the sacred family while they fled to Egypt, it bloomed on the day of Jesus' birth and dried up and closed at the time of his crucifixion and opened up again on Easter Day.
The Rose of Jericho has the extraordinary ability to return to life after desiccation – when the drying stems bend and the plant closes up like a fist almost as if guarding the seeds within. With the arrival of the strong rain the buds open up again quickly and it spreads the seeds repeatedly.
Returning to Israel after such an enjoyable and inspiring visit to a wonderful country and a new family I embraced with great love, was not simple for me.
I live in Kibbutz Ein Gedi, which is the lowest point in the world, and at this time of the summer, the heat is simply unbearable, especially for someone like me, working in agriculture, who is forced to spend long hours in the sun.
All these things combined, made me fall into a difficult period of melancholy.
At this time exactly, the venerate Pope Benedict the Fifth (or Sixth) decided that he would like to go on a coronation journey in his country of birth – Germany. He decided that he would like to accompany his journey with the odorous branches of the holy myrrh from the Holy Land.
Messengers of the venerate Pope conducted an extensive investigation and reached a man called Giora Freud, an Israeli that has been operating in the German flower market for many years, and asked him to find them branches of the holy myrrh from the Holy Land.
Searching for the wonderful myrrh, Giora Freund arrived at the Botanical Gardens of Kibbutz Ein Gedi, where the odorous holy myrrh grows, and where I met him in my role in the Ein Gedi Agriculture Administration.
During the tour, Giora saw the marvellous plant – Rose of Jericho – the Resurrection Plant, which the Ein Gedi residents have been cultivating in their gardens for many years. The residents of the region have always adored this plant.
Knowing the German flower market, Giora immediately pointed to me that this plant is very popular among the Christian community in Europe, and the same thing that attracted the people of Ein Gedi to the plant, attracts people from all over the world.
As I mentioned at the beginning of the story, at the time I was feeling melancholy and without energy, and the combination of things captured my spirit right away and made me feel elated – I realized I had a purpose – to spread this wonderful plant that grows only in the Judean Desert in the Holy Land – to the entire world to all worshipers and loving people, in order to create a renewed resurrection in each and every person, as I have experienced.
Since this plant is a desert plant, growing only in very particular areas of the desert and I did not want to damage the natural environment, I decided to collect seeds and start acclimatizing the plant so I would be able to spread it all over the world.
AAnd so, for three years, I learned about the marvellous growth of the plant, and since 2009 I have been growing it here in the Holy Land, spreading it with great love all over the world.


Join Ignite Studio's maker-in-residence, Geoff Davis, for an interactive instrument building project. Interact with Davis as he builds an instrument in his studio, learn about his process, and make you own canjo - a simple one string instrument that utilizes a can as a resonator. This experience is recommended for ages 8 and up.


With Brexit political talk about to come to a happy conclusion – at least, so I thought! – I felt an urge to splash out on a dinner party.
But who to invite in such short notice? I decided to host it for the fox family that has visited the garden for almost as long as I've been a resident.
It could be a treat for them to celebrate the end of this momentous treat in, well, sameness.
It's possible that we'll never forget the ennui of the endless sameness of political argument over whether we stay in, or leave.
Then we'll be able to relive the excitement of yesteryear's wonderful surliness of Europe's customs men.
I confess I don't really know how many of the fox family I support daily at the main meal time.
It's night when they come to the table – a garden bench – and after all, there is an overall sameness, rather like seems to be the case with many of our politicians. However, they are mostly a happy if vocal bunch and a magical reminder of the English countryside.
Wet weather guests ... If the night is wet, slugs enjoy cleaning up the fox family plates.
At precisely 2100 hours every day, I serve a variety of dried fox food – fortunately, they don't see the cat and dog illustrations on the packets.
To spare any confusion over who it's for, the food is always served on the same plates.
The foxes often show their appreciation - after they have stolen out of the shadows - by carrying off and often burying the treats, followed by a healthy urinating on the plates.
Happily, this isn't the custom at human dinner parties. Beeb experts consider it as a sort-of foxy thank you card.
On rainy nights, another set of visitors make their mark on the plates. The largest slugs I have ever seen come out of wet stormy nights to feed on the crumbs from the fox feasting. It is very odd to see the grossly fat visitors lined up like piglets - albeit legless piglets - at these occasional feeding times.
For the very special Brexit feast on that dry night, I offered them a real-life dinner party stew, something our species seems to find special.
What could be a better way to celebrate the end of the enormously expensive and decidedly anoier we leave / if we leave / how we leave / or how we don't leave debating that has dominated so much of the thinking of our social betters.
The proud chef took out the feast – steaming carrots, potatoes, a parsnip or two, all done to a treat in vegetarian cube stock.
A little later the chef, in his role now as plongeur, went out to clear away the dishes from the obviously thrilled and replete quadruped diners.
The stew a la Brexit went down in the fox world as the Brexit deliberations have gone with most humans. The guests might have sniffed the subject, but little more than that.
I don't know for certain, but it seemed the foxy guests didn't feel either that my well-intentioned efforts qualified for one identifying squirt of natural fox appreciation.
True, too, that the almost-end (or what was to have been) of the much-overdone Brexit Commons arguing didn't deserve much more.


text:
DNS May Be Patched, but Danger Still Lurks
By William Jackson
We dodged a bullet last month -- the discovery of a fundamental flaw in the Domain Name System, Dan Kaminsky told a standing-room only (and some sitting on the floor) crowd at the Black Hat Briefings Wednesday. However, we can't count on our good luck continuing, he said.
Kaminsky, director of penetration testing for IOActive Inc., last month announced the unique coordinated multi-vendor release of a patch for the vulnerability, and he led a promotional effort to encourage organizations to install patches.
"There has been a remarkable amount of uptake on this patch," he said. Hundreds of millions of servers have been protected, Kaminsky added. Seventy percent of the Fortune 500 companies have tested and installed the patch on mail servers.
However, there are limits to the success. Another 15 percent have had problems installing the patch because of Network Address Translation, and 15 percent have not yet moved to install it.
"That's ridiculous," Kaminsky said. "We have to get better at fixing infrastructure. We got lucky this time. The next bug won't be as easy to deal with, and this one hasn't been easy."
Kaminsky discovered the bug about six months ago. Because it could affect virtually all name servers that translate domain names to IP addresses for Internet traffic, he did not go public with the news until major vendors had a chance to agree on a fix.
That fix was to increase the randomization of query IDs used to authenticate queries and responses. Adding port randomization raised the odds of guessing the right ID number from one in 65,000 to as little as one in 2 billion.
Kaminsky and the vendors have been criticized because the patch does not directly address the problem, and instead is a lowest-common denominator solution. Kaminsky defended the decision after illustrating ways to exploit the vulnerability.
"There are 15 ways of doing this attack," he said. "We chose a design that would make all of the attacks harder, not just the ones we know about."
One key of the patching strategy was to try to keep specific information about the vulnerability hidden for a month to give everyone a chance to install the patches. The goal met with only limited success.
"All patches can be reverse engineered," Kaminsky said, and the first details of the vulnerability were being worked out within two days of the July 8 announcement.
Owning DNS and being able to return false results to address queries could open a wide range of exploits on almost all kinds of Internet traffic, Kaminsky said. But the experience of the last month showed that cooperation among vendors works to improve safety.
"The industry did rally like we've never seen it rally before," he added.
William Jackson is the senior writer for Government Computer News (GCN.com).


text:
Trail native and rookie Smoke Eater Jake Lucchini got a taste of junior A hockey taking a stick to the mouth in his second game of the season. Despite stitches and a few broken teeth the young forward bounced back and is joining the team as it hits the road for games in Prince George and Merritt on the weekend.
The ripple effect of an NHL lockout
The collateral damage of no NHL season may prove beneficial to junior hockey leagues.
With NHL owners and players at a standoff and the lockout looming, the collateral damage of no NHL season may prove beneficial to junior hockey leagues and teams like the Trail Smoke Eaters and Beaver Valley Nitehawks.
As in most hockey markets, during the 2004-05 lockout when the NHL went on hiatus for a full season, attendance for Smokies and Hawks games increased on average, something local executives are hoping will happen if another lockout persists.
"If the NHL gets locked out it will have a great effect on local hockey," said Nitehawks president Dennis Bedin. "Our biggest competitor for hockey is not other teams, it's the television set."
The recent exchange of proposals in New York Wednesday resolved nothing between NHL commissioner Gary Bettman and NHLPA director Donald Fehr, and with no agreement forthcoming, the 11:59 p.m Saturday deadline is closing in.
As Smoke Eaters players loaded the bus for a trip to Prince George for a Friday night tilt, the question of who to blame for the potential lockout was all but unanimous.
Trail forward Scotty Davidson and captain Garrett McMullen had no doubt who the villain is.
"Bettman for sure and the owners (are to blame,)" said McMullen.
Hockey players are entitled to their share of the money, because if it wasn't for the players, there would be no league, he added.
However, Trail forward Jake Lucchini was a little less certain.
"I don't know, it's hard to say. I feel like the owners need to figure it out. But if there's not NHL games going on or anything, hopefully more fans will come out and watch (the Smokies)."
While a Canadian public opinion poll conducted by Ipsos-Reid near the start of the 2004-05 lockout found that 52 percent of those polled blamed NHL players for the lockout and only 21 percent blamed the owners of NHL teams, this year's results may be different.
The owners are looking to cut the players share of the profits from 57 percent to 47 percent, about a $330 million collective pay cut, and of course the players aren't budging – well not much.
The NHLPA proposal Wednesday accepted gradual reductions over a longer time period – five years – in anticipation of a bigger split of "hockey related revenues." That bucket of money grew from $2.1 billion in 2003-04 to $3.3 billion last year.
Other issues like increasing entry-level contracts from three years to five, salary caps, revenue sharing, and determining who is most gluttonous remain.
During the last lockout, over 300 NHL players went to Europe to play while many others joined minor league and junior teams.
Attendance in the American Hockey League and East Coast Hockey League increased 10 percent on average, with the Manitoba Moose seeing a 24.09 percent boost in attendance from the previous year.
In the Western Hockey League, the Calgary Hitmen were the most watched team in North America, averaging 10,062 fans per game. Their season total of 362,227 shattered the WHL and CHL records and represented a 33 percent increase over 2003–04. The Vancouver Giants also experienced a massive increase, finishing second in the WHL with 302,403 fans going through the turnstiles.
"I would guess it was a 15 percent increase for us," said Smoke Eater director Scott McKinnon. "But we had a pretty good team that year too."
But then again, teams absorbing NHL players also cause a ripple effect.
For instance, Pittsbugh Penguins' 2012 first overall draft pick Derrick Pouliot, along with Sven Bartschi (Calgary Flames), Joe Morrow (Pittsburgh Penguins), Nino Niederreiter (New York Islanders), and Ryan Johansen (Columbus Bluejackets) are all eligible to return and play with the Portland Winterhawks this season. Which means a guy like Winterhawks forward and Trail native Joey Baker and four other players may risk losing their spot.
Teams will be much improved, as the filtering process settles and mean a bonus for fans, but then again new arrivals means another player gets bumped down the line.
Still, the absence of NHL hockey should translate into more fans in Cominco and Beaver Valley Arena seats, a few more burgers and programs sold, and a few more fans investing in the future of their hometown teams.
"It's an unfortunate good thing for us," said McKinnon. "If it goes into December and January and we're playing well I figure it will be a definite plus for us."
The Nitehawks president, Bedin, agrees.
"I think the challenge for us as local teams is to provide a setting and a product that not only the hockey team but the whole experience at the hockey arena has to be what people expect, and we're getting a second chance at this market that a lot of times we don't get," says Bedin. "If the NHL gets locked out everybody has to get their fix."
Smoke Eaters: On the road again
Trail deals players


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Tosokchon Samgyetang South Korea is busy and you will be expected to wait, sometimes over 30 minutes. But it is worth it. Even the former South Korean President Roh Moohyun frequented.
Outside resembles an old house with shingles, brick walls, and wood pillars. The interior consists of floor seating with low long communal tables. It you are tall or stiff bodied, than I hope you do some yoga to prep yourself.
Another popular item on the menu is the Ogolgye Samgyetang (black chicken): 22,000 won. Black chicken promotes blood circulation and very nutritious. Each chicken is slightly smaller compared to the regular spring chickens but again the dish itself is enough to be shared. For experience purposes, we each got our own. Of course, in the end I only ended up drinking the soup.
Tosokchon is quite convenient being about 10 min walk away from Gyeongbokgung Station. It is makes a great place to visit after touring Gyeongbokgung Palace 景福宮 |경복궁. Take Exit 2 towards Hyoja-Dong and turn left when you see GS25 convenient store (I hope it will still be there when you visit). Take the time to walk around the area, there are lots of cute shops and pathways!


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[July 09, 2019]
Clearlake Capital-Backed symplr Expands Senior Management Team; Adds Jordan Copland As CFO And Brian Fugere As CMO
SANTA MONICA, Calif. and HOUSTON, July 9, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- symplr, a leading healthcare governance, risk and compliance ("GRC") software-as-a-service ("SaaS") platform, backed by Clearlake Capital Group, L.P. (together with its affiliates, "Clearlake") and SkyKnight Capital (together with its affiliates, "SkyKnight"), today announced new additions to the executive management team. Jordan Copland has joined symplr as Chief Financial Officer and Brian Fugere has joined as Chief Marketing Officer, effective immediately.
"We are thrilled to add executives with significant software and technology operating experience to the symplr team as we prepare for our next phase of growth. Jordan is a seasoned financial professional who has helped lead several software companies through rapid growth phases, and Brian brings deep marketing leadership and healthcare industry expertise," said Rick Pleczko, CEO at symplr. "With the backing of our financial sponsors, Clearlake and SkyKnight, coupled with our best-in-class platform and industry leadership, we are accelerating our rapid growth trajectory. Our company and management team are now even better positioned to deliver the most innovative solutions to help healthcare organizations meet regulatory compliance requirements and increase operational efficiency."
Tres Thompson, who previously served as symplr's COO and CFO, will focus on the COO role going forward as symplr scales up its business operations, particularly given its recent acquisitions of API Healthcare ("API") and IntelliSoft Group ("IntelliSoft").
"symplr is an exciting company with a strong vision and expert backing, and I am thrilled to step in at this point in its growth story," said Mr. Copland. "By pursuing both organic product innovation and an aggressive acquisition strategy to drive accelerated growth, the company is poised to expand its market leadership position."
"Rick has assembled a tremendous team to develop the leading healthcare GRC software platform that drives meaningful value for both providers and payers," said Mr. Fugere. "I am thrilled to work with the team to bring the platform to an industry in need of technology and process innovation to meet the challenges of a changing regulatory landscape."
"We are excited to support the symplr team as they continue to execute on their strategy to deliver the leading healthcare GRC SaaS platform," said Prashant Mehrotra and Paul Huber of Clearlake. "symplr has a strong culture of teamwork and innovation, along with a history of successful acquisitions, and we believe the expanded senior management eam will further support the company's successful trajectory."
Mr. Copland brings close to 30 years of experience to symplr. Most recently, Mr. Copland served as CFO and EVP of Finance and Operations at Quorum Business Solutions and, prior to that, was CFO at Omnitracs. Earlier in his career, Mr. Copland served as Vice President of Finance and Planning at Disney Consumer Products, and he served as Executive Vice President and CFO, and as EVP – Strategic Development, at GSI Commerce. Mr. Copland earned an MBA from The Wharton School and a BA in Economics/International Relations from the University of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Fugere was most recently with Virence Health, serving as Chief Marketing Officer of the company both before and after it was carved out from GE Healthcare. Prior to that, Mr. Fugere was President at The Estimating Edge, and previously he served in several leadership roles, including as Chief Marketing Officer and Chief Operating Officer, at RemitDATA. Mr. Fugere earned a certificate from the Executive Education program at the Harvard Business School, an MBA from George Mason University, and a BS in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University.
Growth through acquisition, coupled with innovation, is an integral part of symplr's business strategy to deliver the industry's leading healthcare GRC SaaS platform. Earlier this year, symplr acquired API, integrating its workforce management capabilities with symplr's provider data management and credentialing software platform to deliver the industry's only fully integrated GRC and human capital management SaaS platform of scale, offering an end-to-end solution addressing the full spectrum of healthcare labor regulatory requirements. symplr also acquired IntelliSoft earlier this year, adding its complementary provider credentialing software and NCQA certified Credentials Verification Organization service offering. The acquisition of IntelliSoft represented symplr's seventh successful acquisition in the past six years, and its second under sponsorship from Clearlake and SkyKnight, which was announced in October 2018.
About symplr
Founded in 2006, symplr is an industry leader in governance, risk and compliance SaaS solutions that help healthcare organizations mitigate risk and ensure compliance. symplr has a single mission: to make healthcare compliance and credentialing simpler for all constituents of the healthcare community. More information is available at www.symplr.com.
About Clearlake Capital
Clearlake Capital Group, L.P. is a leading private investment firm founded in 2006. With a sector-focused approach, the firm seeks to partner with world-class management teams by providing patient, long-term capital to dynamic businesses that can benefit from Clearlake's operational improvement approach, O.P.S.® The firm's core target sectors are software and technology-enabled services; industrials and energy; and consumer. Clearlake currently has over $10 billion of assets under management and its senior investment principals have led or co-led over 100 investments. More information is available at www.clearlake.com.
About SkyKnight Capital
Founded in 2015, SkyKnight Capital brings together an experienced investment team and a flexible, long duration approach to private equity investing. SkyKnight focuses on partnering with high quality businesses in acyclical growth sectors alongside exceptional management teams. SkyKnight manages capital on behalf of institutional family offices and leading endowments. The firm seeks investments in the Healthcare, TMT, Transportation & Logistics, and Business Services industries. SkyKnight platform investments to date have consisted of equity commitments ranging from $10 million to over $200 million. For additional information, please contact Mara Hunt (mara@skyknightcapital.com).
Clearlake Media Contact
Blicksilver Public Relations, Inc.
Kristin Celauro
kristin@blicksilverpr.com
Jennifer Hurson
jennifer@blicksilverpr.com
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clearlake-capital-backed-symplr-expands-senior-management-team-adds-jordan-copland-as-cfo-and-brian-fugere-as-cmo-300881380.html
SOURCE Clearlake Capital Group


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A troubled eleven-year-old boy at a prestigious East Coast music school clashes with the school's demanding choir master (Dustin Hoffman), in this inspiring drama co-starring Kathy Bates, Josh Lucas, Debra Winger and Kevin McHale...Click here for more
Testament of Youth is a searing story of love, war and remembrance, based on the First World War memoir by Vera Brittain which became the classic testimony of that war. Vera (Alicia Vikander) - irrepressible, intelligent and free-minded - overcomes the prejudices of her family and hometown to win a scholarship to Oxford. With everything to live for, she falls in love with Roland Leighton (Kit Harington) as they go to pursue their literary dreams. However, the spectre of war looms over them as Roland leaves for the front to fight for King and Country, and Vera volunteers to become a wartime nurse...Click here for more Out Now
Inspired by the killing of British student Meredith Kercher in Italy, The Face of an Angel looks beyond the salacious headlines to explore both the media and the public's obsession with violent stories. Thomas Lang is a film director who is offered the chance to adapt a book by journalist Simone Ford, which recounts the controversial trial of student Jessica Fuller for the murder of her flatmate Elizabeth Pryce...Click here for more


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Q: "Federal" is to "Federally" as "State" is to If you were to say that something would be taxed by the federal government, you could say it was taxable federally (though you would more likely say it was federally taxable).
If something would instead be taxed by the state government, you could say it was state taxable, but you couldn't say it is taxable stately. Is there a word that would fit in that same sentence structure, replacing federally?
The best I can find is statewise, but I can only find a single online dictionary defining it as rare.
adverb
rare
With regard to the State or a state.

A: You've seen a bunch of suggestions, but when a single word is used in this context, it's overwhelmingly state.
Notice we pretty much always use "federally" with a passive verb.  Since "federal" is an adjective, we need to turn it into an adverb so that we can modify a verb. But the noun "state" has no such problem.

*

*Federally-insured: state-insured

*Federally-owned: state-owned

*Federally-funded: state-funded

*Federally-subsidized: state-subsidized

*Federally-recognized: state-recognized (but only in a hurry)

You didn't explicitly ask for an adverb, so this definitely answers the question as you asked it.  But you can also think of it this way: Not all adverbs end in -ly.

A: In American English and in the U.S., generally federally is to federal as state is to state level since there is no adverb for this meaning of the word state.
For example:
to be decided federally:
to be decided federally
VERSUS'
to be decided at state level
state-wise is slightly different. It just means: as regards or with regard to (the) states and it can't be used exactly like at (the) state level.

*

*Freedom of speech is federally protected by and in the U.S. Constitution.

*Freedom of speech is protected at state level in many states.

to be decided at state level
-wise in English means in reference to the preceding noun:
state-wise, goverment-wise, construction-wise
with regard to a or the state, government or construction (building)
It is not the adverb that matches federally.

A: There are a few adverbs for governmental levels, but stately is not one of them.
For example, one quote in definition 2 for the entry "federally, adv." in the Oxford English Dictionary features municipally:

1940   Amer. Guardian 5 Apr. 4/3   The privateers never..reduce their rate unless forced to do so by public competition in the shape of municipally or federally owned [electric power] plants.

Municipally suggests a form of local control, like by a town or county government. In many countries, the next step up would be provincially or regionally, as this example from "provincially, adv." suggests:

1992   J. M. Bumsted Peoples of Canada vi. 190   During the Depression, Canadians thought regionally or provincially rather than nationally.

I've been able to uncover no adverb for state that is the equivalent of provincially or municipally. Instead, I've only found articles that refer to the US levels of government - state, federal, and municipal - as adjectives, while slipping in "federally, provincially, and municipally" when referring to Canadian tax collection ("Policing in Canada v. Policing in the US").
So you would be stuck saying something was state taxable (example), taxable by state (example), or taxable at the state level.

A: The word Statal fits the question if you need an adjective.  But I can't find reference to the adverbial 'statally', as in 'taxable statally'.
Definition of statal:

1 often capitalized : of or relating to a state (as of the U.S. or India)
: statal citizenship
: the statal economy

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/statal

A: I agree -- statewise is the best (and possibly only) option in that situation, if it must be a single word.
If you were to discuss taxes in a more global way, an argument could be made for using provincially, but that wouldn't apply when talking about countries such as the United States. Statewise is still your best option.

A: I can't think of many cases where a noun has an equivalent adverb but fortunately nouns can be used as adjectives to modify other nouns or adjectives or to replace adverb phrases. Examples: state taxable, girl talk, man trap, boy choir, school rules, state mandated, animal control. Some nouns can be changed into adjectives: yearly taxes, monthly rent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sq. Ft.:2,516 to 6,131Sq. Ft.
This neighborhood is perfect for those seeking single-family homes. This is a varied community, with homes representing a wide range of time periods and styles. In general, homes in Crews Lake Hills are $355,000 and sit on half-acre lots with four bedrooms and three bathrooms. The most common types of parking are 2-car garage and 3-car garage.
How would you rate Crews Lake Hills?
Homes in Crews Lake Hills are on the market for an average of 140 days and are typically purchased at 86% of asking price. Property taxes hover around $3,652 per year, and homeowners' association fees are approximately $46. On average, homes here are $101 per square foot and typically list for around $295,000.


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Amol (persiska آمل) i provinsen Mazandaran är en av Irans äldsta städer. Folkmängden uppgår till cirka 240 000 invånare.

Referenser

Externa länkar

Orter i Mazandaran

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text:
India and Bangladesh hold discussions on issues of mutual interest
The Indian delegation was led by Commerce Secretary, Government of India, Anup Wadhawan and the Bangladesh delegation was led by Secretary, Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh, Dr. Md. Jafar Uddin.
The meeting was preceded by the 12th meeting of the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Trade, at the level of Additional Secretaries of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India and Ministry of Commerce, Bangladesh on 13-14 January 2020 in New Delhi. Image Credit: Twitter(@PIB_India)
The Commerce Secretary level meeting between India and Bangladesh was held in New Delhi on 15-16 January 2020. The Indian delegation was led by Commerce Secretary, Government of India, Anup Wadhawan and the Bangladesh delegation was led by Secretary, Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh, Dr. Md. Jafar Uddin.
Both sides held extensive discussions on a variety of issues of mutual interest, like Border Haats, joint study for the proposed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, India-Bangladesh CEOs' Forum, sharing of trade data, regional connectivity initiatives, harmonization of standards, upgradation of border trading infrastructure and facilitation of business visas.
The meeting was preceded by the 12th meeting of the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Trade, at the level of Additional Secretaries of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India and Ministry of Commerce, Bangladesh on 13-14 January 2020 in New Delhi. Technical discussions were held in detail on various areas of mutual interest in trade and commerce.
It was agreed that the next meetings of the Commerce Secretaries and the JWG will be held in Bangladesh, at mutually convenient dates.
(With Inputs from PIB)
Commerce Secretary
Joint Working Group
Jafar Uddin
Anup Wadhawan
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