text:
\section{Introduction}

There is mounting evidence that the global population of ULXs is heterogenous, with the discovery of sources that show both spectral and temporal behaviour that does not obviously conform to that of the wider population (see Gladstone et al. 2009; Sutton, Roberts \& Middleton 2013; Middleton et al. 2015a). Notably amongst the outliers are M82 X-2 which shows pulsations in {\it NuSTAR} data and identifies the compact object as a neutron star (Bachetti et al. 2014), and HLX-1, the spectral evolution of which appears analogous to black hole binaries in outburst (e.g. Fender, Belloni \& Gallo 2004) and has to-date provided the strongest evidence for an IMBH (M $>$ 1000s M$_{\odot}$) outside of dwarf AGN (Farrell et al. 2009; Davis et al. 2011; Servillat et al. 2011 but see also King \& Lasota 2014; Lasota et al. 2015). The remainder of the population are likely to contain stellar remnants with masses $<$100 M$_{\odot}$ and, given their remarkable X-ray luminosities of $>$ 1$\times$10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$, provide strong evidence for the presence of super-critical accretion likely due to high mass transfer rates via Roche lobe overflow (RLO) from a more massive companion star in a tight binary orbit (see for example the case of SS433: King et al. 2000; Begelman, King \& Pringle, 2006).

The picture of ULXs as super-critical accretors has received a recent boost with a dynamical mass determination for one source (Motch et al. 2014), and the discovery of winds from two archetypal ULXs (Pinto, Middleton \& Fabian 2016, see also Middleton et al. 2014; 2015b) with outflow velocities of $\ge$ 0.2c. The absorption features that indicate the presence of a mass-loaded outflow require that we view into the wind at least some of the time (see Middleton et al. 2015b) but the opening angle and homogeneity of the wind is still unknown and is important for constraining the impact of geometrical beaming (King 2009) and the origin of variability (Heil et al. 2009; Middleton et al. 2011; 2015b). However, it is important to note that the apparent wind properties agree well with expectations for strongly supercritical accretion (King \& Muldrew, 2016).

Eclipses have been previously identified as a useful diagnostic of ULXs by Pooley \& Rappaport (2005) and more recently by King \& Nixon (2016); where no eclipses are found on the recurrence timescales of hours to days, this would imply that a main-sequence to sub-giant secondary star does not transit the stellar mass source, whilst on recurrence timescales of months to years, the case for an IMBH being eclipsed can be tested. The latter is still extremely difficult to demonstrate unambiguously due to the high cadence of observations required, however, the availability of X-ray lightcurves spanning hours to days is now available for many ULXs (Rosen et al. 2015) allowing us to test the former, stellar-mass compact object scenario. Here we place limits on the likely presence of eclipses in a large sample of ULXs using a large test range in binary separation and mass ratio, the mass limit placed by Motch et al. of $<$ 15 M$_{\odot}$ and the impact that eclipses must have on the variability.

\begin{figure*}
 \centering
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{sources.ps}
            \caption{The total number of individual sources (solid line) where an observation satisfies the selection criteria in the text as a function of the binary separation ($a$) and mass ratio ($q$). The dotted line indicates how many of these sources also satisfy the criteria in equation 7 and are therefore consistent with not showing eclipses.}
  \label{fig:example}%
\end{figure*}

\section{Constraining the presence of eclipses}

Whilst eclipses have not yet been conclusively detected in ULXs (with one recent exception: Urquhart \& Soria 2016 submitted) - although dip like events have been seen in a number of sources (Stobbart, Roberts \& Warwick 2004; Grise et al. 2013) - we can consider the impact that eclipses by an opaque body must have on the lightcurve of a given source for a range of system parameters. The summed variance resulting {\it only} from an eclipse of duration T$_{\rm e}$ occurring in an observation of length T$_{\rm o}$ by a passing opaque star of radius R$_{*}$ projected as a perfect disc is:

\begin{equation}
\sigma^2 = \frac{NT_{e}}{T_{o}}\mu^{2} + \left(1-\frac{NT_{e}}{T_{o}}\right)(x-\mu)^{2}
\end{equation}

\noindent or, in terms of fractional variability:

\begin{equation}
\left(\frac{\sigma}{\mu}\right)^{2} = \frac{NT_{e}}{T_{o}} + \left(1-\frac{NT_{e}}{T_{o}}\right)(\frac{x}{\mu}-1)^{2}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\mu$ is the mean count rate, x is the count rate out of eclipse (in eclipse the count rate is assumed to be zero, i.e. the eclipse is of a point source) and N is the number of eclipses occurring in a given observation (i.e. T/T$_{\rm o}$ where T is the binary period). We have also assumed that the X-ray source is compact enough such that the duration of ingress and egress can be ignored. This formula can be simplified and re-arranged to:

\begin{equation}
T_{e} = \frac{T_{o}}{N}\left(1-\left[\left(\frac{\sigma}{\mu}\right)^{2} + 1\right]^{-1}\right)
\end{equation}

\noindent These formulae make the implicit assumption that there are no timebins which straddle the ingress and egress -  we will return to this assumption when discussing the real data (\S 3.1).

The eclipse duration is also a well understood function of the stellar radius ($R_{*}$), binary separation ($a$), $T$ and the inclination of the system ($\theta$, which is taken to be from the axis perpendicular to the binary system which we assume to be perfectly aligned: see King \& Nixon 2016 for a discussion on probable inclination evolution in ULXs):

\begin{equation}
T_{e} = \frac{1}{\pi}\left(\frac{R_{*}}{a}\right)T\rm{sin}(\theta)
\end{equation}

Assuming stable RLO we can substitute for $TR_{*}/a$ (Frank, King \& Raine 2002) using:

\begin {equation}
\frac{R_{*}}{a} = \frac{0.49 q^{2/3}}{0.6 q^{2/3} + \rm{ln}\left(1+q^{1/3}\right)}
\end{equation}

\noindent and

\begin {equation}
T = \left[\frac{a}{3\times10^{11} M_{1}^{1/3}\left(1+q\right)^{1/3}}\right]^{3/2} {\rm days}
\end{equation}

Using equation 3 we can determine the implied eclipse duration based on a {\it measured} fractional variability; using this along with values for $R_{*}/a$ and $T$ determined from values for $q$ and $a$ we can then determine $\theta$ from a re-arranged equation 4. If this value is smaller than cos$^{-1}(R_{*}/a)$ then, by definition, no eclipses are possible.

\section{Utilising the catalogues}

Walton et al. (2011) combined the {\it XMM-Newton} 2XMM source catalogue with the RC3 (de Vaucouleurs et al. 1991) and Karachentsev et al. (2004) nearby galaxy catalogues to identify a total of 470 ULX candidates in the local Universe (out to a distance of 148 Mpc) with a sky coverage of 504 square degrees, correcting for background contaminants. The latest incarnation of the {\it XMM-Newton} source catalogue (3XMM-DR5: Rosen et al. 2015) provides the excess fractional variability (i.e. the Poisson noise is subtracted) from the 0.2-12~keV lightcurve determined using a bin-size ($\Delta t$) corresponding to 18 ct/s across the entire duration of the observation (minus intervals not defined by a GTI and null bins).

By cross-matching 3XMM-DR5 with the Walton et al. (2011) ULX catalogue we have obtained all existing observations of the previously identified ULX candidates using {\it XMM-Newton} which includes the observation length ($T_{\rm o}$) and fractional variability ($\sigma/\mu$). We restrict ourselves to use of the PN only, as typically the fractional rms will be better constrained as the Poisson noise is lower due to higher detector throughput (see Vaughan et al. 2003); we therefore exclude observations where the PN was not available and where the fractional variability was not determined - this left us with a total of 123 individual sources across 223 observations.

Assuming the mass of the compact object to be $<$15M$_{\odot}$ and therefore consistent with the findings of Motch et al. (2014), we can determine the fraction of sources where eclipses should not be possible, i.e. they meet the criterion:

\begin {equation}
\rm{sin}^{-1}\left(\frac{\pi a T_{e}}{R_{*}T}\right) \le \rm{cos}^{-1}\left(\frac{R_{*}}{a}\right)
\end {equation}

\noindent We do this across a range in binary separation of 5$\times$10$^{10}$ -  1$\times$10$^{12}$ cm and for mass ratios of 0.25-5. We place sensible constraints of $T \ge$ 0.01 days, $\Delta t \le T_{\rm e}/2$ and T$_{\rm o}$ $>$ T; the first restriction comes from rough observational limits for binaries containing neutron stars and black holes, and the second implies that there is always a full bin in the eclipse with zero count/s. From equation 6 it is clear that the number of observations fulfilling the third criterion varies as a function of binary separation and mass ratio but is typically Gaussian ($\gtrsim$ 20 observations) except for large $a$. In Figure 1 we plot the number of individual sources (rather than observations which is naturally larger) which meet our selection criteria and the number which also meet the criterion in equation 7 as a function of $q$ and $a$.

\subsection{Caveat on $\sigma/\mu$}

A notable caveat in this work is the assumption that the fractional variability (equation 3) is not affected by bins which straddle the ingress and egress. This is highly idealised and in reality such occurrences will lower the effective rms introduced by the eclipse. We can however determine the likely impact such straddling can have by varying the sampling of the eclipse, i.e. by varying the relative fraction of the straddling bin which falls inside or outside of the eclipse we can determine, based on the binsize, eclipse duration and number of eclipses in a given observation length, the variance relative to the idealised case in equation 1. We do this for all observations that meet the criteria discussed above and plot the mean fractional difference in variance as a function of $q$ and $a$ in Figure 2. In order to simplify the error determination, we assume only integer bins across the observation which is not what we assume in the previous section, thus the derived error is only approximate. As the mean count rate is unchanged by the sampling, the fractional error in the variance is a measure of the fractional error on $(\sigma/\mu)^{2}$ in equation 3. The result of our calculation indicates that at most we should expect an approximate error on the variance of $<$ 20\%, converting this to an error on the eclipse duration we find that $dT_{\rm e}/T_{\rm e} = -d\sigma^{2}/[\sigma^{2}(\sigma^{2}+1)]$ so that the fractional error in the eclipse duration is always smaller than that in the variance estimate. Thus we do not expect a significant impact on the derived inclination of the source and the overall result.

\begin{figure}
 \centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{var.ps}

            \caption{Estimate of the mean fractional error in the variance as a result of including timebins which fall over the ingress and egress of an otherwise flat lightcurve with square eclipses. The colour scheme corresponds to mass ratios of $q$=0.25 (black), $q$=1 (red), $q$=3 (blue) and $q$=5 (green).}%

\end{figure}

\section{Discussion \& Conclusion}

If we assume that the mass determined by Motch et al. (2014) of $<$ 15 M$_{\odot}$ is representative for those sources which show `ultraluminous' spectra (Stobbart et al. 2006; Gladstone et al. 2009; Sutton et al. 2013), then assuming material is transferred via RLO, the variability for the vast majority of the best available sample (following our selection criteria) is consistent with the lack of eclipses by a companion star (in a fully aligned orbit). In the picture where a super-critical accretion rate leads to a large radiation pressure and an inflated disc (e.g. Shakura \& Sunyaev 1973; King 2001, 2009; Poutanen 2007; Ohsuga \& Mineshige 2011; Jiang et al. 2014), then the secondary star is expected to be fully obscured by the large scale-height inflow and radiatively driven wind (H/R $>$ 1). This picture leads to a conical geometry where, in order to see the X-ray emission at all and define the source as a ULX, we must generally be viewing into the cone or through the wind where down-scattering does not entirely prevent some bright X-ray emission. The lack of large contributions to the variability via eclipses is therefore fully consistent with this picture and supports arguments built on spectral-variability properties (Sutton et al. 2013; Middleton et al. 2015a), the detection of blue-shifted absorption features (Middleton et al. 2014; 2015b; Pinto et al. 2016) and implies that some level of geometrical beaming is likely (probably only a factor of a few at most given the ionising luminosity incident upon nebulae surrounding some of the sources: Pakull \& Mirioni 2003).

In this work we have assumed that the rms values are representative (i.e. we have ignored the errors on the rms values); whilst uncertainty on the rms can introduce a corresponding uncertainty on the derived inclination this is somewhat mitigated by the assumption that {\it all} the variability measured in a given observation comes from an eclipse which we know to be incorrect due to the observation of band-limited power spectra and rms-flux relationships (e.g. Heil et al. 2009; 2010) which implies that propagation of surface density fluctuations (Lyubarskii 1997; Arevalo \& Uttley 2006; Ingram \& Done 2011) is responsible for much of the variability (see Middleton et al. 2015a for possible means to extract variability from super-critical flows). As a result, the true variability imprinted by an eclipse could be considerably smaller than implied by the rms value we have used.

Our sample has not been selected based on spectral type nor luminosity (except that the inferred {\it isotropic} luminosity has at some point reached or exceeded 1$\times$10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ such that it has been identified as a ULX candidate: Walton et al. 2011). A lack of explicit selection might present an issue as there is a clear dichotomy in the general population, with the fainter ULXs likely associated with more `standard' accretion in a HM or LMXB proceeding around the Eddington limit (e.g. Middleton et al. 2011; 2012; 2013; Soria et al. 2012) whilst the brighter sources are more likely associated with thermal timescale mass transfer proceeding at super-critical rates (King 2001). However, we {\it have} selected on variability, which is known to be a tracer of  ULX `type' (see Sutton, Roberts  \& Middleton 2013; Middleton et al. 2015a) with only the latter, super-critical candidates (which are often the brighter sources but not always, see Middleton et al. 2015a) showing considerable fractional variability.

Finally, an inescapable question that results from identifying ULXs as relatively low inclination sources is ``where are the edge-on ULXs?"; the answer is that the wind and the large-scale height disc will increasingly block the hard X-ray emission from the inner regions such that the sources become relatively X-ray faint e.g. NGC 55 ULX-1 (Middleton et al. 2015a) and may no longer appear above 1$\times$10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ or even X-ray bright at all. Instead, the photosphere we see to peak in the soft X-rays in ULXs may not be the photosphere we see at very high inclinations (Poutanen et al. 2007) and the X-ray emission incident onto the wind and disc will likely be reprocessed down to the UV (depending on the density along the line-of-sight for Compton scattering).

\section{Acknowledgements}

We thank the referee for their useful suggestions and Will Alston for helpful discussion. MJM appreciates support from an Ernest Rutherford STFC fellowship. This work is based on observations obtained
with {\it XMM-Newton}, an ESA science mission with instruments and
contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.

\label{lastpage}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
New Class of Genes Involved in Beta Cell Maturation and Diabetes
Research Update Oct. 3, 2013
Researchers have identified a new class of genes that plays a role in maturation of pancreatic insulin‑producing beta (β) cells and may be involved in diabetes. RNA has been known historically as the intermediate between DNA and proteins: DNA is decoded into RNA, which in turn is translated into protein. However, recent research has discovered the presence of numerous RNA molecules that are encoded from DNA but not translated into proteins. A subset of these RNAs is called "long non‑coding RNAs" (lncRNAs), and their function is largely unknown, although research suggests that some may be involved in regulating whether genes are turned on or off (gene expression). While many protein‑coding RNAs are often present in several different cell types, lncRNAs are often found only in a single cell type. This observation suggests that lncRNAs may regulate cell‑specific tasks, and potentially makes them attractive targets for therapy to affect one cell type.
Because β cells are central to the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, researchers sought to identify lncRNAs that were expressed in human pancreatic islets, which are primarily composed of β cells. They identified over 1,100 lncRNAs expressed in islets, with about half of them expressed in islets only. They next looked at a subset of lncRNAs, to determine when they were expressed during β cell development. The lncRNAs were not present in early progenitor cells, but were active in mature islets, suggesting that they may play a role in promoting β cell maturation. Additional experiments suggested that lncRNAs may function by controlling the expression of islet‑specific genes. These findings are important because a major goal of diabetes research is to identify strategies to turn progenitor cells into mature β cells, and this research has identified a class of molecules that may be involved in this process and/or could be markers of mature β cells.
The researchers next examined whether the lncRNAs may play a role in type 2 diabetes. They discovered a small number of lncRNAs that were abnormally expressed in human islets from people with type 2 diabetes, and others that were located near genetic regions previously shown to be associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, suggesting that lncRNA abnormalities may explain part of the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. This research has therefore identified a new class of genes that are expressed in islets, promote maturation of β cells, and may play a role in type 2 diabetes. It also opens up new avenues for studying and potentially promoting β cell maturation, and for examining the underlying genetic causes of diabetes toward identifying new targets for therapy.
Morán I, Akerman I, van de Bunt M, et al. Human β cell transcriptome analysis uncovers lncRNAs that are tissue-specific, dynamically regulated, and abnormally expressed in type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 2012;16:435-448.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Meeting was called to order by Debbie Thomas at 7:10pm.
Treasurers report tabled till next meeting.
– New and renewed memberships doing well. – Thanked everyone and, welcomed all new members.
– Rob Maracle director of fund raising has been working very hard collecting donations for us, doing a great job.
– Debbie read thank you quote from the Chamber of Commerce AGM meeting minutes, acknowledging the Dunnville Horticultural Society's contributions helping to decorate Dunnville for Christmas, a big thank you to every one that helped.
– Hoping to clean evergreen boughs from large flower pots and planters before Easter, but are still froze in. Told everyone an email will go out, asking for volunteers to help clean up and decorate them within next 2weeks hopefully, for Easter/spring to carry through till May planting day.
– Discussed the Dist 9 Spring forum to be held at Balls Falls, April 25th. Mentioned speakers, flower show and let everyone know the complete list of details would be posted on our website, and if anyone without email would like a copy, let the executive know.
– Mentioned the Dunnville Lions Home and Garden show to be held Fri April 17th from 10am – 9pm, and Sat April 18th from 10am-3pm.
– Gloria Hunter and Deb Zynomirski are coordinating the event for us and will be decorating our booth Thursday, but would like volunteers to help man the booth Fri and Saturday for a minimum 3 hour intervals, a sign up sheet to be at front registration table at break, or if not sure tonight please call or email later if you can help out. Hoping for at least 3-4 people for each time slot. Keeping booth low-key concentrating on increasing memberships and presence in community.
– Discussed our May plant sale our biggest fund raiser of year, and reminded members when cleaning up their gardens or dividing plants to consider donating to the Hort Society. Drop off this year will be Fri May 8th at the Farmers market to provide shelter should it rain, and ample parking.
– A request for volunteers for drop off evening to price and sort, also day of sale, setting up, putting out signs and we will need tables, trucks or trailers.
– Trivia question was to complete Paul Bolland's opening remark, from his presentation at last months meeting " Gardening began as a hobby but… " —answer— "turned into a business". Beverley McLean answered correctly, getting the prize.
– Mentioned if anyone was having trouble with Judy's DVD's picked up last month to see Don Davies at break.
– Debbie passed out a clear bag, asking it to be passed around and later she would ask, who knew what was in the bag, and what is special about them?
– Break and refreshments 10 minutes.
– Thank you to Beth Powell, Ken Sherwood, Sandi and Rob Marr, and Marlene Link for delicious and festive snacks and to Sandi and Rob for decorating the refreshment table tonight.
– Asked for volunteers to provide snacks for June and Oct's general meeting, needing two more for each month.
– Mentioned Mary Lou Johnston has been cleaning the antique silver trophy's and has brought back another one to be stored, suggested members take a look. They will only be used to display from now on, for special events and the flower and veg shows.
– Introduced our speaker Lester Fretz, he presented on Profitable Propagation. He provided lots of tips, visuals, and many free items for members to enjoy and try.
– Mentioned email will be sent out with an overview of his presentation.
– Members were asked what was special about the coffee beans in the bag?
Everyone was stumped? Answer was that they are the most expensive coffee beans in the World, because of their processing. First coffee beans are eaten by the Civet, a type of wild Asian cat, then as they pass through the digestive track the beans are fermented. Once the Civet poops out the beans with the outer shell now dissolved, the bean is manually picked out, cleaned and processed for use. These beans came form Bali.
Debbie's son brought them from a vacation for her to try.
Ah, spring! This season brings increasing daylight, warming temperatures, and the rebirth of flora and fauna. Lately I've noticed that it's lighter driving to work, and lighter driving home which means spring is soon to come. March 20th can't arrive a moment too soon and with this persistent cold weather it's hard to believe it's only a couple of weeks away.
February's general meeting was well attended considering that it was one of coldest nights of the season. Your secretary Sue (that'll be me!) and webmaster Ian gave a demonstration of our website showing everyone where to find it and what's on it. We have a wonderful website with quite a bit of information and lots of pictures from our various functions.
Our guest speaker was Paul Bolland, co-owner of The Potting Shed. He talked to us about ponds and pond plants.
I know I learned a lot listening to him, and the first thing I'm going to buy this spring is a pond skimmer. Sounds like a great tool to help keep my backyard pond clean. Many of the plants he told us about sounded intriguing so I'll have to go on a shopping spree when the weather warms up.
March's guest speaker is going to be Lester Fretz who will be speaking to us about "Propagating Profitably". His talks are always informative and entertaining. He had an article published in the newest edition of the Ontario Horticultural Society's newsletter, The Trillium, entitled "Young At Heart". To read Lester's article, please go to http://www.gardenontario.org/gar/newsl.php to download a copy of the Trillium and you'll find it on page 14.
Home and Garden shows will be popping up everywhere soon. Hamilton's show is over with, but there is one coming up in Niagara Falls at the Scotia Bank Convention Centre, from March 27-29. I know I'm going to check it out this year—I've had it with this cold weather.
We are going to have a booth at our very own Lions' Home & Garden Show which is held at the Dunnville Memorial Arena on April 17th and 18th. Please sign up at the meeting to help out at the booth. Volunteers will be needed for shifts on both days. This year we are keeping it simple so there won't take much to set up and take down.
Our guest speaker for April will be Jack Kent who is also co-owner of The Potting Shed. He'll be talking to us about lilies. I love lilies-they are one of my favourites. It'll be interesting to see what new varieties he is going to reveal to us.
District 9's Spring Forum (remember we hosted it in 2013?) is going to be held on Saturday April 25th at Balls Falls. This year it's being hosted by the Lincoln Garden Club. There will be guest speakers (Lester Fretz is one of them), flower and photography competitions and vendors. For more information see our list of upcoming events.
Garden tip of the Month: Your seeds should be planted by now, and your tools should be cleaned up and ready to go. After that, the most important thing is to have patience. It's hard to not to start working outside when the warm days finally arrive, but just remember: Mother Nature can be fickle and will always have the last say as to when spring is here to stay.


text:
Critics' Guides /
By Barbara Casavecchia
Ahead of Artissima Your Guide to the Best Shows in Turin
From the errors of AI to the pleasures of VR, contributing editor Barbara Casavecchia gives the lowdown on the best shows opening this week
Castello di Rivoli
1 November 2018 – 30 June 2019
Newly announced as recipient of the Käthe Kollwitz Prize 2019, Hito Steyerl's exhibition 'The City of Broken Windows' at the Castello di Rivoli, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev and Marianna Vecellio, fills the museum's cavernous Manica Lunga (which once housed the picture gallery of Duke Carlo Emanuele I) with the sound of breaking glasses. This is part of a training exercise for AI, who are meant to recognize it as dangerous and activate alarms and security systems. But machines, like humans, are prone to errors: unable to classify this ear-shattering noise, they interpret it as merely the sound of ringing bells.
Vinyl texts in discontinued AI lingo run along the walls; at the extremities of the exhibition space Steyerl has positioned two new videos and a trompe-l'oeil set of windows painted by Chris Toepfer (artist, activist and founder of the Neighbourhood Foundation, which runs a scheme for neighbourhood revitalization in US inner cities by facilitating decorative board-ups on the facades of vacant properties). If the screen – like Giorgio Vasari's perspective – was meant to be our 'window on to the world', then something must have gone terribly wrong.
In the project room, Cally Spooner, winner of the illy Present Future 2017 Prize, presents 'Everything Might Spill' (2018), where an office fountain filled with infectiously toxic chlorinated water becomes a metaphor for how, 'free-market techno-capitalism is transforming the ontology of humankind, our emotions and interpersonal relationships, into the stagnated product of corporate algorithms and economic codes', as the artist puts it.
Rachel Rose, Wil-o-Wisp, 2018, film still. Courtesy: Philadelphia Museum of Art and Fondazione Sandretto Re Raubedengo © the artist
Monster Chetwynd, Rachel Rose, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Andra Ursuta
Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo
Opening 2 November
Jointly commissioned by the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Sandretto Re Rebaudengo Foundation, the new film Will-o-Wisp (2018; on view until 3 February 2019) by Rachel Rose takes viewers back to 16th century Elizabethan England – Somerset to be precise – where a woman named Elspeth is believed to be a witch. Shot with the rich palette and atmospheric photography of a period drama, with live actors and plenty of 'magic' special effects, Will-o-Wisp translates Silvia Federici's famous feminist book Caliban and the Witch (1998) into polished high-def scenes. We see a time where the transition from feudalism to capitalism is marked by the privatization of common lands as well as by the progressive subjugation of women, expropriation of their work and severe 'disciplining' of their presence in the public sphere, culminating in the witch hunts.
With a different kind of mayhem, Monster (farewell, Marvin Gaye) Chetwynd presents (until 30 March 2019) 'The Owl with the Laser Eyes', a new project, involving monumental paintings, costumes, props, bats, live music, and a performance (2 November, 7.30pm) and two puppet shows, freely inspired by Clash of the Titans, reality shows and Italo Calvino's 1973 fantasy novel Il castello dei destini incrociati (The Castle of Crossed Destinies), whose intertwining tales are based on the interpretation of Tarot cards.
The Foundation hosts two further exhibitions, also curated by Irene Calderoni: 'Vanilla Isis' by Andra Ursuta (until 30 March 2019), whose new sculptures and paintings satirize the aesthetics of extremism, and a selection of paintings by Lynette Yiadom-Boakye from the foundation's collection (until 20 January 2019).
Petrit Halilaj, 'Shkrepëtima', 2018, installation view, Fondazione Merz, Turin. Courtesy: Fondazione Merz, Turin
Petrit Halilaj, 'Shkrepëtima'
Fondazione Merz
29 October 2018 – 3 February, 2019
Runik, the city in which Petrit Halilaj (b.1986, Kostërrc, Skenderaj-Kosovo) grew up, is a recurring presence in his often autobiographical work. For 'RU', his recent exhibition at the New Museum in New York, Halilaj reconstructed the collection of exceptional Neolithic artefacts excavated in the city, dispersed across different museums, institutions and nations after the 1998–99 Kosovo war, with the help of archival materials and oral history from the local community. 'Shkrepëtima' (Spark) brings his involvement with his hometown a step further and towards a new public direction. The project, curated by Leonardo Bigazzi, began in the summer, with the cleaning of the abandoned building of Runik's old House of Culture, which once contained a library, theatre and cinema. The artist reopened and reactived it for a night of theatre plays and performances, involving a large crew of the local population, as well as his own family. In Turin, Halilaj presents a new video and restages the sets and props used in Runik, as well as a monumental scenography made of wood, bricks and concrete fragments taken from the cultural centre's original façade. A new series of drawings, sketched on old documents and papers found onsite, complete the installation. The title of the exhibition pays homage to the homonymous multi-ethnic publication once issued by the association of Runik school teachers.
Zheng Bo, Pteridophilia 1, 2016, video still. Courtesy: the artist
Zheng Bo, 'WEED PARTY III'
PAV (Parco Arte Vivente)
4 November 2018 – 24 February 2019
Visitors to the Botanical Garden in Palermo for the recent edition of Manifesta might have been surprised to stumble across a series of videos ('Pteridophilia', 2016–ongoing), half hidden in a small bamboo grove, showing young naked men having sensual intercourse with wild ferns in a Taiwanese forest. With it, artist Zheng Bo (born 1974, Beijing) pushed (and queered) the love of nature to a radical level. At Parco Arte Vivente (PAV) – a six-acre open air park and experimental art centre, founded by Turinese artist Piero Gilardi in the early 2000s and located in the post-industrial area of Via Giordano Bruno – Bo presents a new chapter of his 'Weed Party' series, begun in 2015. The artist imagines a grassroots political party, capable of bringing together resilient humans and non-humans in defence of the planet, under the ecological banner of: 'Earth Workers Unite'. Curated by Marco Scotini, the exhibition revolves around a new site-specific instalment of After Science Garden (2018, begun earlier this year at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), located in the glasshouse. Based on plants used in scientific experiments, the 'garden' is developed in collaboration with local scientists, activists and spontaneous botanical species. Elsewhere, don't miss the outdoor installations by Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster and Gilles Clément.
Mike Nelson, I, IMPOSTOR, 2011, installation view, British Pavilion, 54th Venice Biennale. Courtesy: the artist and 303 Gallery, New York; Galleria Franco Noero, Turin; Matt's Gallery, London; and neugerriemschneider, Berlin; photograph: Cristiano Corte
Mike Nelson, 'L'Atteso'
2 November 2018 – 3 February 2019
In theorizing the aesthetics of reception, in the 1970s Hans Robert Jauss measured the impact and relevance of a book in accordance to its potential to alter the 'horizon of expectations' of its readers. With his project L'atteso (a fairly untranslatable Italian expression, oscillating between 'the expected', 'the awaited' and 'the suspended'), curated by Samuele Piazza, Mike Nelson tries his best to both inflate and deflate viewers's expectations of his large-scale immersive installations, much like the fabulous I, Impostor, created for the British Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 2011. Filled with 180 tonnes of rubble, plunged into darkness and accessed from the back of a 10-metre-high scaffolding looking like a drive-thru movie screen, the vast Binario 1 of OGR (used as a railway maintenance depot until the early 1990s) is occupied by a group of ordinary cars, whose owners have mysteriously disappeared, as if in a horror movie, or a post-apocalyptic sci-fi novel. Who were they, what happened and when (in the past or near future?); where did everybody go, and why? These are the questions that visitors will have to try and answer, pondering over the contents of each vehicle.
Dara Friedman, White still, 2018, film still. Courtesy: Galleria Franco Noero, Turin
1 November 2018 – 12 January 2019
Dara Friedman / Rayyane Tabet
30 October 2018 – 26 February 2019
Galleria Franco Noero
Dario Argento filmed seven of his cult horror films in Turin, in the process greatly contributing to the city's shady fame. He has claimed the city is the place where his nightmares 'feel better', and where he conceived his scary saga of the three witches and mothers of hell – Mater Suspiriorum, Mater Tenebrarum and Mater Lacrimarum – started in 1977 with Suspiria (recently remade by Luca Guadagnino). It's fitting, then, that Francesco Vezzoli has found inspiration in the aesthetics of Italian '70s horror cinema for his takeover of Franco Noero's venue in the central Piazza Carignano. The special layout conceived by artist Filippo Bisagni, with the soundtrack created by American electronic composer Wendy Carlos (who created the scores for Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange, 1971, and The Shining, 1980), conjure plenty of suspense before unveiling the show's protagonist, the revolving sculpture C-CUT (2018), which represents a man erupting from another male body, like an Alien chestbuster (whose animatronic head was designed by Italian special effects wizard Carlo Rambaldi).
Symmetrically, the gallery's space at Via Mottalciata, hosts solo shows by Rayyane Tabet and Dara Friedman: Friedman presenting a new work L☿ver, based on the flute melody of Debussy's Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (1894) as well as a primeval cavewoman.
Mélodie Mousset, HanaHana Full Bloom, 2018, screenshot from VR experience, Turin. Courtesy: the artist and Treti Galaxie, Turin
Non-Profit Spaces
Not-for-profit and artist-run spaces have a longstanding tradition, in Turin and until 15 December, Almanac Inn (the Turinese twin of London-based Almanac Projects) presents 'CARTABURRO', a solo exhibition by Italian artist Anna Franceschini, whose new videos, sculptures, objects and scenographic elements pay homage to another Turin-specific legend: architect, designer, photographer, polymath and ski champion Carlo Mollino. A special publication conceived by the artist, designed and printed by Friends Make Books, will be released for the occasion. The itinerant curatorial project Treti Galaxie stages under the dystopic arches of ex-MOI (Via Giordano Bruno 181, until 15 November), the abandoned Olympic village in the Lingotto area, 'HanaHana', an interactive exhibition by Mélodie Mousset (b.1981, Abu Dhabi) to be experienced via special headsets. The artist developed this project in collaboration with Turin-based DEAR Onlus and a group of children patients of the local Regina Margherita hospital, who contributed to the creation of a new version of HanaHana Full Bloom, a surreal 'VR sandbox', as the artist describes it, 'where you can grow chains of hands and construct anything you can imagine.'
The Chapel of the Holy Shroud
The chapel (1667–90) housed in Turin's cathedral, with its amazing, M.C. Escher-like baroque cupola, designed by Guarino Guarini, finally reopened its doors after 21 years of restoration. Built in accordance to mathematic proportions based on the mystical number three (for Trinity) and the iteration of three figures (circle, triangle and star), it will bathe you in divine light and architectural delight.
A Special Performance:
3 November, 9pm – midnight
Cleo Fariselli (in collaboration with her father, the musician and composer Patrizio Fariselli) presents U., an intimate performance for five spectators only, in a spectacular location: the ex-cemetery of San Pietro in Vincoli.
Booking essential: info@collezionegiuseppeiannaccone.it
Main image: Hito Steyerl, The City of Broken Windows, 2018, film still. Courtesy: the artist and Castello di Rivoli, Turin
Barbara Casavecchia
Barbara Casavecchia is a contributing editor of frieze and a freelance writer and curator based in Milan, Italy.
Critic's Guide
Parco Arte Vivente
Galeria Franco Noero
Ancient and Modern: The Re-opening of Fondazione Morra Greco in Naples
The Shows You Need to See in New York this July
The Shows to See During New York Pride
A Guide to Zurich Art Weekend
With Copenhagen Art Week Now On, We Pick the Shows to See
The Best Shows to See During Antwerp Art Weekend
Frieze's Guide to Venice: What To See at This Year's Biennale
The Age of Rising Seas
The Shows To See Around Town During Frieze New York
The Best Shows To See in Brussels
The Exhibitions to See During Berlin Gallery Weekend
Neither, Nor: What to Expect From the Italian Pavilion of the 58th Venice Biennale
More Critics' Guides
What to See at the Manchester International Festival
The Shows to See in London During Art Night


text:
Movement Should Work Towards An End To Canada's Role In NATO
By David Mandel and Eric Shragge | 1985-05-01 12:00:00
OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS the Canadian peace movement ~_ has succeeded in arousing public concern and mobilizing broad support for disarmament. But the cruise testing is going ahead, as is the installation of the US missiles in Western Europe. The Peace Petition Caravan Campaign deposited its 400,000 signatures with Parliament, but was not able to force a debate of its rather limited demands. Consequently, there is no clear, highly visible issue, like that of cruise testing, to galvanize opinion during the present discussion of a national peace alliance.
Canada's participation in NATO is a central feature of its foreign policy. Some in the peace movement have argued for a more prominent and critical role within this organization. However, in our view such an approach merely plays into the hands of the Canadian government, which argues that to be able to influence NATO policy Canada must first show itself a loyal member that carries its share of the "defense" burden.
One must keep in mind what NATO is and why it was established. First and foremost, NATO is a US-dominated military alliance based upon the myth of the "Soviet threat to the free world". This myth rests on nothing more real that the "worst-case scenario" that the Soviet Union might be harbouring aggressive designs against Western Europe. It is this myth that justifies the most criminal squandering of wealth during a time of mass unemployment, cuts in social spending and starvation in the Third World.
But NATO is also more than a US dominated military alliance, it embraces the principles of "nuclear superiority", the possibility of limited nuclear war, no first use of nuclear weapons, and a counterforce strategy, all of which have been and remain central NATO policies. And Canada supports these policies. If it did not, it would be impossible for it to remain in NATO.
Moreover, Canada's support for these NATO policies is not passive -- witness their country's testing of the cruise, its voting pattern in the UN and its concern with meeting its NA I Q obligations. Canada's pretensions (downplayed under Mulroney) as a mediator between the US and its adversaries, big and small, appear farcical in this light.
The European disarmament movement has succeeded in undermining both the credibility of NATO as a defensive alliance and the logic of the cold war. We in Canada should follow this same direction by challenging the ideological, economic and political underpinning of the arms race. This implies working for a basic reorientation of Canada's foreign policy, a goal which, in turn, will require far-reaching economic and political changes.
Canada's expanding arms industry is heavily tied into export to the US market. A shift in foreign policy would have obvious consequences here. Peace groups must discuss these issues with the trade union movement and encourage workers in the military sector to participate in plans for the conversion of military to socially useful production. (In Québec, the Confederation of National Trade Unions (CSN) has already committed itself to work in this direction.)
Canada's withdrawal from NATO would greatly strengthen these forces in the smaller member countries, such as Spain, Greece, Holland and Belgium, which are fighting against US and NATO militarism, and its economic and political consequences. It would also put an end to the polarization of world politics that the cold warriors strive so hard to preserve in order to justify their policies of nuclear escalation and aggression in the Third World.
As noted previously, NATO policy orts Drenaration for limited nuclear war and the deployment of counterforce weapons. It also seeks "nuclear superiority" and specifically calls for first strike as a direct escalation from conventional warfare. In recent months, as a response to the largely discredited policies attached to nuclear weapons, especially in Europe, NATO has begun to emphasize conventional weaponry, which has become extremely sophisticated and destructive. This is not a shift to a less dangerous or to a more defensive strategy, but a new escalation in the arms race and an integration of offensive military strategy with nuclear weaponry.
In our educational efforts, we should he precise about Canada's support of these dangerous and criminal NATO policies. In this way, fear and anger can be productively channeled into a political program that strikes at the real and deep causes of the arms race.
Another issue of importance to the Canadian peace movement is the struggle against US intervention in Central America. It is here that the concrete issues of war and peace are currently being played out. We should demand an end to US intervention in the region and a clear stand by the Canadian government in favour of the rights of people to self-determination and to social and political justice. It is here especially that the increasingly intimate relationship between Canada and the US must be challenged. As a first .step toward building a broad opposition, peace groups should forge links with already existing anti-interventionist organizations.
Military production is a third central issue. An important facet of our relation ship with the US is the regulation of our arms production and trade by the Defence Production Sharing Arrangement (DPSA). Through DPSA, the boom in the US military sector has spilled over into Canada. The peace movement must explain that this is not only a politically and morally unacceptable way to create jobs, but it is also economically unsound.
A fourth objective of the Canadian peace movement should be an examination of the precise objective of Canada's current "rearmament" program and of its "NATO obligations." The North Atlantic Alternative Network has drawn attention to the nuclear and conventional build-up in the North Atlantic which is aimed at threatening the Soviet Union in its very home bases. What is the role of Canada's naval programme in this? It is surely not a simple question of "modernization" but of active participation in new and extremely dangerous policies. The close links between the present Canadian armed forces build up and NATO and US strategies have to be brought out clearly.
The program we have proposed for the Canadian peace movement moves from opposition to the arms race as such to a direct challenge to the Canadian state's military alliances and broader foreign policy orientations, of which its participation in the arms race is only the most obviously objectionable aspect. The analysis on which this proposed program is based must be extended to the relation ships between Canada's foreign policy and its socio-economic and political structures. Such an analysis will highlight the need for a broad alliance with groups in solidarity with liberation movements in the Third World as well as with groups and movements - women, labour, youth etc. - struggling for a more just and democratic society in Canada itself.
Peace Magazine May 1985, page 28. Some rights reserved.
Search for other articles by David Mandel here
Search for other articles by Eric Shragge here


text:
if(!dojo._hasResource["dijit.form.FilteringSelect"]){ //_hasResource checks added by build. Do not use _hasResource directly in your code.
dojo._hasResource["dijit.form.FilteringSelect"] = true;
dojo.provide("dijit.form.FilteringSelect");
dojo.require("dijit.form.ComboBox");

dojo.declare(
	"dijit.form.FilteringSelect",
	[dijit.form.MappedTextBox, dijit.form.ComboBoxMixin],
	{
		// summary:
		//		An enhanced version of the HTML SELECT tag, populated dynamically
		//
		// description:
		//		An enhanced version of the HTML SELECT tag, populated dynamically. It works
		//		very nicely with very large data sets because it can load and page data as needed.
		//		It also resembles ComboBox, but does not allow values outside of the provided ones.
		//		If OPTION tags are used as the data provider via markup, then the
		//		OPTION tag's child text node is used as the displayed value when selected
		//		while the OPTION tag's value attribute is used as the widget value on form submit.
		//		To set the default value when using OPTION tags, specify the selected
		//		attribute on 1 of the child OPTION tags.
		//
		//		Similar features:
		//			- There is a drop down list of possible values.
		//			- You can only enter a value from the drop down list.  (You can't
		//				enter an arbitrary value.)
		//			- The value submitted with the form is the hidden value (ex: CA),
		//				not the displayed value a.k.a. label (ex: California)
		//
		//		Enhancements over plain HTML version:
		//			- If you type in some text then it will filter down the list of
		//				possible values in the drop down list.
		//			- List can be specified either as a static list or via a javascript
		//				function (that can get the list from a server)

		// required: Boolean
		//		True (default) if user is required to enter a value into this field.
		required: true,

		_lastDisplayedValue: "",

		_isValidSubset: function(){
			return this._opened;
		},

		isValid: function(){
			// Overrides ValidationTextBox.isValid()
			return this.item || (!this.required && this.get('displayedValue') == ""); // #5974
		},

		_refreshState: function(){
			if(!this.searchTimer){ // state will be refreshed after results are returned
				this.inherited(arguments);
			}
		},

		_callbackSetLabel: function(
						/*Array*/ result,
						/*Object*/ dataObject,
						/*Boolean?*/ priorityChange){
			// summary:
			//		Callback from dojo.data after lookup of user entered value finishes

			// setValue does a synchronous lookup,
			// so it calls _callbackSetLabel directly,
			// and so does not pass dataObject
			// still need to test against _lastQuery in case it came too late
			if((dataObject && dataObject.query[this.searchAttr] != this._lastQuery) || (!dataObject && result.length && this.store.getIdentity(result[0]) != this._lastQuery)){
				return;
			}
			if(!result.length){
				//#3268: don't modify display value on bad input
				//#3285: change CSS to indicate error
				this.valueNode.value = "";
				dijit.form.TextBox.superclass._setValueAttr.call(this, "", priorityChange || (priorityChange === undefined && !this._focused));
				this._set("item", null);
				this.validate(this._focused);
			}else{
				this.set('item', result[0], priorityChange);
			}
		},

		_openResultList: function(/*Object*/ results, /*Object*/ dataObject){
			// Callback when a data store query completes.
			// Overrides ComboBox._openResultList()

			// #3285: tap into search callback to see if user's query resembles a match
			if(dataObject.query[this.searchAttr] != this._lastQuery){
				return;
			}
			dijit.form.ComboBoxMixin.prototype._openResultList.apply(this, arguments);

			if(this.item === undefined){ // item == undefined for keyboard search
				// If the search returned no items that means that the user typed
				// in something invalid (and they can't make it valid by typing more characters),
				// so flag the FilteringSelect as being in an invalid state
				this.validate(true);
			}
		},

		_getValueAttr: function(){
			// summary:
			//		Hook for get('value') to work.

			// don't get the textbox value but rather the previously set hidden value.
			// Use this.valueNode.value which isn't always set for other MappedTextBox widgets until blur
			return this.valueNode.value;
		},

		_getValueField: function(){
			// Overrides ComboBox._getValueField()
			return "value";
		},

		_setValueAttr: function(/*String*/ value, /*Boolean?*/ priorityChange){
			// summary:
			//		Hook so set('value', value) works.
			// description:
			//		Sets the value of the select.
			//		Also sets the label to the corresponding value by reverse lookup.
			if(!this._onChangeActive){ priorityChange = null; }
			this._lastQuery = value;

			if(value === null || value === ''){
				this._setDisplayedValueAttr('', priorityChange);
				return;
			}

			//#3347: fetchItemByIdentity if no keyAttr specified
			var self = this;
			this.store.fetchItemByIdentity({
				identity: value,
				onItem: function(item){
					self._callbackSetLabel(item? [item] : [], undefined, priorityChange);
				}
			});
		},

		_setItemAttr: function(/*item*/ item, /*Boolean?*/ priorityChange, /*String?*/ displayedValue){
			// summary:
			//		Set the displayed valued in the input box, and the hidden value
			//		that gets submitted, based on a dojo.data store item.
			// description:
			//		Users shouldn't call this function; they should be calling
			//		set('item', value)
			// tags:
			//		private
			this.inherited(arguments);
			this.valueNode.value = this.value;
			this._lastDisplayedValue = this.textbox.value;
		},

		_getDisplayQueryString: function(/*String*/ text){
			return text.replace(/([\\\*\?])/g, "\\$1");
		},

		_setDisplayedValueAttr: function(/*String*/ label, /*Boolean?*/ priorityChange){
			// summary:
			//		Hook so set('displayedValue', label) works.
			// description:
			//		Sets textbox to display label. Also performs reverse lookup
			//		to set the hidden value.  label should corresponding to item.searchAttr.

			if(label == null){ label = ''; }

			// This is called at initialization along with every custom setter.
			// Usually (or always?) the call can be ignored.   If it needs to be
			// processed then at least make sure that the XHR request doesn't trigger an onChange()
			// event, even if it returns after creation has finished
			if(!this._created){
				if(!("displayedValue" in this.params)){
					return;
				}
				priorityChange = false;
			}

			// Do a reverse lookup to map the specified displayedValue to the hidden value.
			// Note that if there's a custom labelFunc() this code
			if(this.store){
				this.closeDropDown();
				var query = dojo.clone(this.query); // #6196: populate query with user-specifics
				// escape meta characters of dojo.data.util.filter.patternToRegExp().
				this._lastQuery = query[this.searchAttr] = this._getDisplayQueryString(label);
				// If the label is not valid, the callback will never set it,
				// so the last valid value will get the warning textbox.   Set the
				// textbox value now so that the impending warning will make
				// sense to the user
				this.textbox.value = label;
				this._lastDisplayedValue = label;
				this._set("displayedValue", label);	// for watch("displayedValue") notification
				var _this = this;
				var fetch = {
					query: query,
					queryOptions: {
						ignoreCase: this.ignoreCase,
						deep: true
					},
					onComplete: function(result, dataObject){
						_this._fetchHandle = null;
						dojo.hitch(_this, "_callbackSetLabel")(result, dataObject, priorityChange);
					},
					onError: function(errText){
						_this._fetchHandle = null;
						console.error('dijit.form.FilteringSelect: ' + errText);
						dojo.hitch(_this, "_callbackSetLabel")([], undefined, false);
					}
				};
				dojo.mixin(fetch, this.fetchProperties);
				this._fetchHandle = this.store.fetch(fetch);
			}
		},

		undo: function(){
			this.set('displayedValue', this._lastDisplayedValue);
		}
	}
);

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Brendan Sailing Program has been generously awarded $25,000 in new grant funding from two local Annapolis area organizations: The Kathryn and Jerry Wood Foundation and The Brick Companies Foundation.
The grants will allow the Brendan Sailing Program to continue its mission to build pathways for self-confidence and personal growth in children with learning differences through individually tailored experiential instruction in sailing. Brendan Sailing will use the funds to award additional scholarships for Brendan Sailing Program's three base-programs in Annapolis, St. Mary's College of Maryland, and Washington DC. "We are thrilled to have received these awards from foundations who see value in our efforts to build self-confidence and teach life skills to youth with learning differences through sailing. We pride ourselves on never turning away a student for financial reasons. Thanks to the generosity of these two supporters we can provide scholarships this season for youth throughout the region" said Executive Director Charlie Arms.
Registration is now open for Brendan Sailing programs. The after-school program hosted at DC Sail will run on Tuesdays & Thursdays from 4:00pm-6:00pm starting on April 23 and ending on June 6. The Annapolis Day Camp sessions take place at Annapolis Sailing School on June 17-28 and July 1-12. Fun camp activities include: sailing, beach exploration, swimming, friendships, watershed & US Sailing's STEM program are all part of the Annapolis camp that runs Monday-Friday 9:00am-4:00pm.
The program at St. Mary's College of Maryland offers both Day and Overnight Camps July 17-26. Overnight students sleep in the residence halls on campus, take meals in the student dining center, and learn to sail at the James P. Muldoon River Center on the banks of the St. Mary's River. In addition to sailing, campers [DC3] experience other water activities such as swimming, kayaking, stand-up paddle boarding, and canoeing. Through Brendan Sailing's partnership with Spirit of America, students also have the option to learn power boating and obtain their Maryland Safe Boating Certificate.


Converter is an activated item.
Converts two soul hearts or black hearts into a heart container.
Using this item on Black Hearts will activate the Black Hearts damaging effect.
Useless for ??? as it will convert two Soul Hearts/Black Hearts into one Soul Heart, causing a net loss.
Must use with two full soul hearts to work. One and a half will not work.
Using this item with The Forgotten only works when controlling The Soul and converts soul hearts into bone hearts.
Guppy's Paw Removes one red heart container in exchange for gaining 3 Soul Hearts.: Allows Isaac to attain 10 red hearts if soul hearts keep converted into red hearts over and over again.
The Converter is supposed to be a power or plug converter.
The Converter can be seen as an opposite to Guppy's Paw Removes one red heart container in exchange for gaining 3 Soul Hearts.. Where the Converter takes two soul or black hearts to form a heart container, Guppy's Paw takes one heart container to form three soul hearts. Additionally, their flavor texts are similar.
Notes: Must be Isaac because a bomb is needed to get a key. The Pandora's Box Upon use, spawns certain pickups or items depending on the floor it is used on. Single-use. in the Curse Room must be picked up before entering the shop. Converter is inaccessible on the hard mode seed due to difficulty of getting a key to open the shop.
Notes: Converter is inaccessible on the normal mode seed due to difficulty of getting a key to open the shop.


15 Jan - 5 min - Uploaded by stephen c Aao tumhe chaand pe le jayein (with lyrics in English) - Duration: Harshath JR Lyrics of Aao Tumhe Chaand Pe Le Jayee from movie Zakhmee Lyricals, Sung by,Hindi Lyrics,Indian Movie Lyrics, Hindi Song Lyrics. Hume Bhi Waha Le Chaliye Na Kyaa Aao Tumhe Chand Pe Le Jaye Pyaar Bhare Sapne Sajaye Chota Sa Bangala Banaye Ek Nai Duniya Basaye Oh Ho.
7 Jan - 4 min Watch Aao tumhe chaand pe le jayein (with lyrics by md jahid on Dailymotion here. Lyrics of Aao Tumhe Chand Pe Le Jaye - आओ तुम्हें चाँद पे ले जाए. jingle bell jingle bell, jingle all the way santa clause is coming along riding on a. 4 अक्टूबर Lyrics for Aao Tumhen Chand Pe Le Jayen by Lata Mangeshkar feat. Sushma Shreshtha. क्रेडिट्स -- यश तळेले Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells. 24 Dec Aao Tumhein Chand Pe Le Jaaye Lyrics and Translation: Let's Learn silver screen: aao tumhe.n paddywagonfilms.com pe le jaaye.n from Zakhmee (). Lyrics of Aao Tumhe Chaand Pe Le Jayee Hindi Song from Zakhmee (), Aao Tumhe Chaand Pe Le Jayee Lyrics | Latest Aao tumhe chand pe le jaye.
11 Mar Song-Aao tumhe chaand pe le jaayen (Zakhmee) () Lyrics. jingle bell jingle bell jingle all the way santa clause is coming along riding on. Aao tumhein chand pe le jaye mp3 karaoke cds, hindi karaoke cds,. Aao tumhe chaand pe le jaye zakhmee lyrics. Aao tumhe chand pe le jaye lata mangeshkar . 12 May - 4 min Aao tumhe chaand pe le jayein (with lyrics in English). White Pebble. Follow 1, 0; 0. 7 Apr - 5 min Aao Tumhen Chand Pe video lyrics in Hindi from the bollywood film Zakhmee starring Asha.
Hume bhi waha le. Chaliye na kyaa. Aao tumhe chand pe le jaye. Pyaar bhare sapne sajaye. Chota sa bangala banaye. Ek nai duniya basaye oh ho. Song: Aao Tumhe Chaand Pe Le Jaye Movie: Zakhmee Music: Pappi Lahiri lyrics: Gauhar Kanpuri Singers: Lata Mangeshkar, Sushma Shrestha. Chords for Aao tumhe chand pe le jaye - 2nd version by Neev. Play along with guitar, ukulele, or piano with interactive chords and diagrams. Includes transpose . Aao Tumhe Chand Pe Le Jayen Song Lyrics – Zakhmee (). Zingle Bell Zingle Bell Zingle All The Well Shanta Close Is Coming The All Around Dreving On.


Who were the Italian twilight poets? A feeling of mystery surrounds them. They wrote, in fact, in the first decade of the twentieth century and their writings are pervaded by an atmosphere of sadness and meditation. Their philosophy is a negative one in which they lament the end of an epoch with little to look forward to. The sun has set on the old world. Their subjects are those deprived or frustrated in some way, incapable of coming to terms with the present or the future and searching for something they can never achieve. The rhythm is irregular, expressing the uncertainty of the poet. As well as marking the end of an epoch it marks the reawakening of sentimental feelings towards the simple life.
The main 'poeti crepuscolari' were Guido Gozzano (1883-1916); Sergio Corazzini (1886-1907); Corrado Govoni (1884-1965) and Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1975).
'Why do you call me poet?
Why do you call me poet?
if the sun does not return?
Govoni and Palazzeschi do not perhaps entirely belong to the 'twilight poet' category. They are linked to the later Futurist movement. Marinetti himself stated that Futurism was concerned with speed, aggression, courage and energy. This seems a far cry from the nihilistic attitude of the 'crepuscolari'.
'Am I perhaps a poet?
The poems of the 'crepuscolari' are easily recognised by their negativism. In each case they are vehicles for the poet's dissatisfaction with his lot. These poems are very personal and one might say that the poets are incredibly self-centred. Life for them is the non-event which is their poetical theme.


The item Bennewitz, Goethe, Faust : German and intercultural stagings, David G. John represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Boston University Libraries.
""Cover""; ""Contents""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Abbreviations""; ""Introduction""; ""Part I: Fritz Bennewitz""; ""1 Persona and Theory""; ""2 Peers: Interviews with Erika Stephan, Dieter Görne, and Wolfgang Engel""; ""Part II: The German Stagings of Faust: Chronicle of a Society""; ""3 Hooray for Socialism! Weimar 1965/67""; ""4 Hooray for Socialism? Weimar 1975""; ""5 Socialism? Weimar 1981/82""; ""6 �Alles f�r die Katz�: Meiningen 1995""; ""Part III: The Intercultural Stagings of Faust""; ""7 The First Black Gretchen: New York 1978""; ""8 The Hindu Faust: Bombay 1994""
""9 The Christian Faust: Manila 1994""""10 From Loyalist to Intercultural Pioneer""; ""Appendix 1. Fritz Bennewitz: Biographical Highlights""; ""Appendix 2. Fritz Bennewitz�s Travels""; ""Appendix 3. Plays Directed by Fritz Bennewitz""; ""Appendix 4. Holdings of the Fritz Bennewitz Archive""; ""Bibliography: Archival and Other Unpublished Sources""; ""Bibliography: Reviews""; ""Bibliography: All Other Published Sources""; ""Index""; ""A""; ""B""; ""C""; ""D""; ""E""; ""F""; ""G""; ""H""; ""I""; ""J""; ""K""; ""L""; ""M""; ""N""; ""O""; ""P""; ""Q""; ""R""; ""S""; ""T""; ""U""; ""V""; ""W""


text:
THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE INDUSTRY: The next generation
The offshore wind industry is not really doing anything exceptional when it comes down to the basics. Wind turbine generators, WTGs, have been around onshore since one of the first electricity-generating wind turbines was built to power a holiday home in 1887 in Marykirk, Scotland. Offshore platforms were built in the early 20th century for forts to defend coast lines and later metal towers or legs were constructed that have supported offshore oil and gas exploration and production units since the late 1940's. Putting the WTG onto legs in the offshore waters of North West Europe and China and South Korea is only the marriage of two well proven bits of engineering. What is surprising is that it took so long before the marriage was consummated in Denmark in 1991.
Since then, however, the two parties of the marriage have changed beyond all recognition and today there are single WTGs capable of producing more than the complete output of all the WTGs in that first wind farm. These new WTGs are understandably much larger and heavier than their predecessors and therefore need foundations that are far more robust and advanced than anything seen before. In this article we look at 3 types of foundations, the jacket, the monopile and the suction bucket.
Offshore WIND spoke to some of the leading players, working with each type to find out what is continuing to happen in the development of the foundations of the offshore wind industry.
Sif Group
Just as Offshore WIND started talking to Michel Kurstjens the CCO of the Sif Group he told us that he was preparing to make an announcement that would demonstrate the confidence that the company has in the offshore wind industry and that the industry will continue to use monopile foundations in the future. It was not possible to release the announcement at the time we were talking but it would be made before we go to press. If you have not heard it yet then you will have to wait to read it later in this article on foundations.
He started looking at the future by looking back 2 years when the diameter of an XL monopile was 6.5m, today it is 9m. The growth in turbine size has been matched by the size of monopiles, and the monopile still wins over the competition of other foundations on economic grounds. The monopile is growing with the industry but he cannot see what the conditions will be, the water depth, the soil conditions, the WTG size, and sea conditions, before monopiles give way to another – probably, Mr Kurstjens thinks, to move to floating foundations. He does concede, however, that jackets may well be used for a short set of conditions that prove hostile for monopiles and too expensive for floating foundations. But this transition is difficult to predict.
This growth in the size of the XL monopile has been led by the size of the turbine from 4MW to 6MW to 8MW and the length of blades. From a single plate or strip of steel being rolled and welded to form a pipe or tube they can now weld 2 or even 3 plates together to make the pipe. "It is a challenging industry but we have been able to meet the challenge", he told Offshore WIND. These limits have been pushed and the targets have been met. There is a key challenge that remains however, and that is the production rate. How can you build enough of these 80 metre pipes to fill the requirements of the installation vessel which will be needing to load 4 or 5 sets per week? You need to meet the number, the quality and the economics.
We asked Mr Kurstjens whether a trend towards the tower and foundation without a transition piece is the way forward. Having made 1,100 transition pieces in cooperation with their partner Smulders he told us that they are able to, and will follow whichever way the market goes.
Foundations of 100 to 120 metres length, including sea depth, with a diameter of up to 11 metres and weighing 2,000 tonnes will be possible in the future, but not needed yet in the near future. The immediate future is a foundation of 9 metre diameter and 1,500 tonnes and 100 metres long, but if you were planning a new factory you would include the larger dimensions as being within its capability.
This leads us very neatly into the news we mentioned earlier. We can now tell you that more than €60 million will be invested in the headquarters in Roermond and in Rotterdam at Maasvlakte 2.
In Roermond, approximately €20 million will be invested in new production equipment and operational modifications to facilitate production expansion. In Rotterdam, an assembly hall and a coating hall will be built at Maasvlakte 2. In addition, a storage and logistical hub covering approximately 40 hectares will be constructed by Sif, making direct loading of the company's offshore client vessels possible. This facility is planned to be fully operational early 2017. Certainly a statement of confidence in this industry!
Universal Foundation
Although the suction bucket is an alternative to piling and can be used with jackets and tripods, it is also possible to have a single tower fitted with a suction bucket which also makes it an alternative to both the monopile and the jacket. In Aalborg in Northern Denmark Kristian Ascanius Jacobsen is Head of Business Development at Universal Foundation, part of the Fred. Olsen offshore wind related group of companies. Universal Foundation have called their suction bucket the Mono Bucket to emphasize its ability to be an alternative to the monopile foundation and to steer clear of the misconception that suction is maintained after installation. The suction is only applied as a mean of installation.
With several met masts installed, Horns Rev 2 in 2009 built by Bladt Industries, and two locations at Dogger Bank in 2013 built by the Fred. Olsen owned Harland and Wolff shipyard, to date the Mono Bucket has only one turbine fitted on such a foundation. However, this prototype has been installed since 2002 off the Nordre Mole in 3 to 4 metres water depth outside the harbour of Frederikshavn, also in Northern Denmark. It supports, what was in 2002, one of the largest wind turbines, the 3MW Vestas V90 turbine weighing 264 tonnes.
The project was set up to monitor the turbine, also a prototype, in a project run by ELSAM and MBD Offshore Power which are known today as DONG Energy and Universal Foundation, respectively, in cooperation with Aarlborg University. The Mono Bucket and the turbine research programme continues today making it the most monitored project in the industry.
This 6 metre high bucket skirt has a diameter of 12 metres and weighs a total of 135 tonnes. Figures that have been verified by the Carbon Trust's Large Rotor study led by the Offshore Wind Accelerator (OWA) programme now indicate that a similar design with a diameter of 18 metres weighing about 1,200 tonnes would support an 8MW WTG in 55 metre water depths. The length of the skirt and the diameter of the bucket are variable, depending on the type of sea bed conditions found on each WTG location.
Mr Jacobsen told Offshore WIND that key to the future of this type of foundation is to get a demonstration project set up with at least a 6MW wind turbine, no later than 2017. They have already been demonstrating installation capabilities with DONG Energy, Statoil, E.ON and Statkraft in the various types of seabed conditions on Dogger Bank (installed in 7 hours), Dudgeon and Hornsea This demonstration programme provided 29 successful installations in 24 days. A by-product of the installation programme was a clear demonstration of the decommissioning properties of the foundation.
Capable of being floated out to the location this is a self-levelling installation requiring no sea bed preparation and little or no noise during installation. It is proven to be a very cost effective and ecologically sound foundation able to make a great step towards lowering installation costs, demonstrating up to 30% reduction in fabrication and installation.
Three companies from Norway, Germany and Denmark have already shown interest in using the Mono Bucket. However, across the Atlantic, the interest from the Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo) great lakes offshore wind project has turned into an order, overturning LEEDCo's original preference for a monopile design. There will be modifications made to the Universal Foundation design to protect the tower during the severe winter ice conditions encountered in the Great Lakes. A cone structure at the water line will be added to deflect the breaking ice either upwards and around, or downwards with an inverted cone. The order is expected to be for 6 foundations for 3 to 4MW WTGs.
Per Bull HaugsOen
Per Bull Haugs0en, one of the founders of offshore jacket designers OWEC Tower, was working in his Bergen office when Offshore WIND spoke to him. Before we got any further on details of the design of jackets he told me that the Dutch subsidiary of the Keppel Corporation, KV Ventus BV, had very recently bought the remaining 50.1% of their shares in the company to add to the 49.9% they had owned since 2012. Today Mr Haugs0en speaks not on behalf of OWEC Tower directly, but as an expert on behalf of his consultancy company Oceanvis AS.
OWEC Tower designs account for almost 90 WTG installed foundations, 2 on the Beatrice Demonstration project, 6 on the alpha ventus project in 2009, 32 on the Ormonde wind farm in 2010, and 48 WTG jackets plus 1 transformer platform jacket on the Thornton Bank II wind farm in 2011. The water depths vary between 12 and 48 metres. The premise that the jacket option is only for deeper waters is therefore immediately dispelled. At the deeper end of the scale though there is a practical financial limit at 50 to 60 metres water depth. The jackets, Mr Haugs0en conceded, do take longer to construct, and one for 40 metres water depth would typically take a week to construct.
When 5 jackets would be an ideal number to be loaded on a barge or installation vessel for delivery to the wind farm site, the construction and marshalling sites would have to be greater than for the monopile. These sites would also have to be located close to the loading area on the coast as delivery by road or inland water ways would be restricted. Whether the recent news from the Keppel Corporation will make their Botlek yard, near Rotterdam, a good site for future mass construction projects remains to be seen. The yard is close to the North Sea mouth of the River Maas with deep water and heavy load bearing storage space, both of which are major factors for jacket construction.
Mr Haugs0en, this Guru of WTG jacket design, told Offshore WIND that the greatest advantage of the jacket when compared to the monopile is the weight. A 1,400 tonnes monopile compares to a 600 tonnes jacket (plus piles) in the same water. Quite simply a jacket uses less steel. OWEC Tower's main design, the Quattropod, can easily support the larger and heavier, 5MW plus, WTGs in deeper waters. The Quattropod also has a 3 legged variant design available.
Piling remains an important part of the foundation, with preinstalled piles at the base of each leg, these jackets have and important advantage – the size and weight of each pile is smaller than a monopile and the power and therefore potential noise generated in the piling operation is considerably lower. It is also easier to ensure the critical precision needed to ensure vertical piles through a positioning template frame placed on the seabed foundation than for a single pile.
The experience gained in the offshore oil and gas industry sector's deeper waters and the advantages for the wind sector will surely mean that jackets are going to be used in the deeper water offshore wind projects in the future. There are floating foundations and different designs for suction buckets, jackets and monopiles. All of them have their specific advantages in specific conditions. There will be hundreds of foundations used in the future, all of them requiring individual attention to detail and design. The recent news of investments, orders and acquisitions give a good indication that this part of the offshore wind industry is as firm as the foundations the companies make!
Dick Hill
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RWE to Deploy Collared Monopiles at Kaskasi OWF
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9th International Conference Offshore Foundations
Wind Turbine Towers
10th International Conference Offshore Foundations 2020


Calvary Baptist Church, 100 John Street, Stanford, KY - program starts on June 11 thru 15th serving Supper starting at 6:30 to 8:00 p.m.
Friendship Baptist Church, Friendship Church Road, Crab Orchard, KY- program starts on June 25-28 serving Supper starting at 7:30 to 8:00 p.m.
Grace Fellowship Church, 2294 US Hwy 27 South, Stanford, KY – program starts on July 29th- August 1st, serving Supper at 6:00 to 7:30 p.m.
Hustonville Baptist Church, Highway 78, Hustonville, KY – program starts on July 15-18, serving Supper at 6:00 to 6:30 p.m.
Journey Church, 9 Fairgrounds Road, Stanford, KY – program starts on June 10-14th, serving supper at 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.
McKinney Baptist Church, 2725 Hwy 198, Stanford, KY – programs starts on June 10th -13th, serving supper at 6:30-7:30 p.m.
New Hope Baptist, 61 Roman Road, Stanford, KY, - programs starts on July 23-27th, serving supper at 6:30 to 7:30 p.m.
Pleasant View Baptist, 135 Ky Hwy 1247, Waynesburg, KY,- program starts on June 6, 20th and July 2, 9th, 16th, 23rd,30th. serving times are 6:00-7:00 p.m.
First Missionary Baptist, 218 Martin Luther King Street, Stanford, KY – programs starts on July 9 thru 13th serving time at 6:00 -8:00 p.m.
Stanford Baptist Church, 204 Church Street, Stanford, KY – programs starts on June 11th-14th serving time at 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.
Crab Orchard School, 307 Lancaster Street, Lancaster, KY --program stars on June 4-8th, serving time for breakfast is: 8:30 to 9:00 a.m. and lunch is 11:30 to 1:00 p.m.
Highland Elementary School, 75 Tick Ridge Road, Waynesburg, KY – program starts June 4th-June 29th., serving time for breakfast is 8:30 to 9:00 a.m., lunch is 11:30 to 1:00 p.m.
McKinney Elementary School, 3425 Ky Hwy 198, Hustonville, KY – program starts on June 4th-June 29th., serving time for breakfast is 8:30 to 9:00 a.m., lunch is 11:30 to 1:00 p.m.
Stanford Elementary School, 101 Old Fort Road, Stanford, KY – program starts on June 4th – June 29th., serving time for breakfast is 8:30 to 9:00 a.m., lunch is 11:30 to 1:00 p.m.
LCHS, 60 Education Way, Stanford, Ky – program starts on June 4th-22nd., serving time for breakfast is 8:00-9:00 a.m., lunch is 11:30 to 1:00 p.m.
Crab Orchard Commons – 10:50-11:10 a.m.
Crab Orchard Springs – 11:15-11:35 a.m.
Crab Orchard Spring View – 11:45-12:05 p.m.
Cedar Creek Duplex's – 12:15-12:35 p.m.
Logan Trace Apartments- 12:45-1:05 p.m.
Oak View Apartments – 1:10 -1:20 p.m.
Harris Street – 1:35-1:45 p.m.
Bonneville Road/Spoonamore Lane – 1:55-2:15p.m.
Maxwell Street – 10:52-11:15 a.m.
100 Southwood Drive, Stanford – 11:37-11:57 a.m.
McKinney Baptist – 12:08-12:28 p.m.
Lincoln Terrace – 12:43-1:03 p.m.
Redmond Mobile Home – 1:06-1:26 p.m.
East Moreland Mobile Home- 1:28-1:48 p.m.
Rosewood Lane – 1:54 -2:14 p.m.
Lincoln Trail – 2:15-2:35 p.m.
This institution is an equal opportunity provider persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g. Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.), should contact the Agency (State or local) where they applied for benefits. Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities may contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English.
and at any USDA office, or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992.


text:
Buy or Lease The 2022 Kia EV6 in Columbus, OH
Learn About the All-New 2022 Kia EV6 in the Westerville Area
Are you looking for a vehicle that offers inspired innovation and confident design? Then we here at Capital Kia invite you to check out the all-new 2023 Kia EV6. It offers a driver-centric cockpit design and dual panoramic screens, encompassing you in advanced technology.
We would like to share with you how the all-new EV6 performs in addition to its design and safety technologies. We'll also share the trim levels on offer with the all-new Kia EV6. If you have any questions, please reach out to our team.
Powering the all-new EV6, Easton drivers have the choice between three powertrains. The standard powertrain offers a single electric motor with 167 horsepower and 258 pound-feet of torque. The power is derived from a 58.0-kilowatt battery with a drive going to the rear wheels. This standard powertrain offers an EPA estimated range of 232 miles on a single charge.
The optional all-wheel-drive powertrain features dual electric motors that deliver 446 pound-feet of torque and 335 horsepower to all four wheels. The immense power allows you to accelerate from zero to 60 miles per hour in 4.6 seconds. The all-wheel-drive powertrain features torque-vectoring, giving you control and agility in all conditions.
Further, the Kia EV6 Wind model offers a maximum EPA estimated range of 310 miles with rear-wheel drive.
Regarding design, Gahanna drivers can have peace of mind thanks to a predominantly ultra-high-strength steel frame construction. The steel frame structure is part of the all-new E-GMP architecture. The Kia EV6 is the first vehicle to utilize this architecture, which has the weight and strength to create an efficient platform.
Inside the all-new Kia EV6, Grove City, OH, drivers are welcomed by dual panoramic 12.3-inch curved touchscreens. These screens offer quick access to navigation and vehicle diagnostics and convenience features. The two displays feature an integrated blue light filter that helps reduce eye strain and fatigue.
To keep you in superior comfort, the Kia EV6 uses Giga steel in the seat construction, delivering comfort while increasing legroom to the rear passengers. Plus, available ambient lighting allows you to set the mood for the drive ahead.
The interior of the Kia EV6 features an available Augment Heads-Up Display that delivers safety information and navigation to your eye line. Thus, you can keep your eyes on the road for the journey ahead. When you need to park around town or in a lot, the Virtual Valet Parking Assist takes control of the vehicle and guides you to parallel and perpendicular parking spots with ease.
Drivers can also enjoy their favorite music and podcasts with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto integration. Additionally, you can enjoy the full, enriching sound with 14-speaker Meridian Premium Audio System.
Regarding safety, the 2022 Kia EV6 features a suite of technologies to keep Dublin, OH drivers safe while on the road. Among the standard safety features in Blind-Spot View Monitoring and Surround View Monitoring is keeping you apprised of what's around you. Additionally, Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist brings you to a stop in an emergency.
Trim Levels
The all-new 2022 Kia EV6 is offered In five trim levels. They consist of:
Light (RWD)
Wind (RWD)
Wind (AWD)
GT-Line (RWD)
GT-Line (AWD)
Start Your Online Shopping Process Today
If you are ready, we encourage you to head over to our web portal st begin shopping for an all-new Kia EV6. While there, you can take advantage of our various shopping tools, including the finance app and payment calculator.
Our dealership is located in Columbus, OH. We look forward to chatting with you down the road.


I cannot count how many times I have rescheduled reminders on my phone. But the key is that I cannot just dismiss a reminder. I have to still *do* the thing I want to do. But I can reschedule it (infinitely) until I *do* the thing.
Do you use reminders or appointments to get yourself time for movement? How do you reschedule those appointments when it needs to be pushed out later?
How have you been moving lately?
← Previous Previous post: Why Do You Love Your Movement?


text:
Q: React: how pass "store" to connected Components? I'm a total noob of React. I'm trying to write a test for this component:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
import { fetchAccountsList } from "../actions/index";
import { Table } from "react-bootstrap";

export class Accounts extends Component {

  componentDidMount() {
    this.props.fetchAccountsList();
  }

  render() {
    return (

            ID
            Email
            Created at
            Updated at

          {this.props.accountsList ? this.props.accountsList.map(el => (

                {el.id}
                {el.email}
                {el.created_at}
                {el.updated_at}

            ))
          : ''}

    );
  }
}

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return {
    accountsList: state.accountsList
  };
}

export default connect(
  mapStateToProps,
  { fetchAccountsList }
)(Accounts);

Imported directly inside the App.js
<Container>
      <Row>
        <Col>

Accounts

          <Accounts />
        </Col>
      </Row>
    </Container>

This is the action inside actions/index.js
[...]
export function fetchAccountsList() {
  return function(dispatch) {
    return API.get("/accounts")
    .then(res => {
      dispatch({ type: LOADED_ACCOUNTS_LIST_SUCCESSFULLY, payload: res.data});
    });
  };
}
[...]

And this is the reducers/index.js main reducer file
const initialState = {
  accountsList: []
};

function rootReducer(state = initialState, action) {

  switch (action.type) {

    case LOADED_ACCOUNTS_LIST_SUCCESSFULLY: {
      return Object.assign({}, state, {
        accountsList: action.payload.data
      });
    }

    default: {}
  }

  return state;
};

I mocked axios and this is the test I'm writing
import React from 'react';
import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
import mockAxios from 'axios'
import configureMockStore from 'redux-mock-store'
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import Accounts from "../js/components/Accounts";

test('Render a list of account', async () => {
  const mockStore = configureMockStore()
  const store = mockStore()

  const mockData = [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "email": "info@example.com",
      "created_at": "2020-05-01",
      "updated_at": "2020-05-01"
    }
  ];

  mockAxios.get.mockResolvedValue(() =>
    Promise.resolve({ data: mockData })
  )

  const expectedActions = [
    { type: "LOADED_ACCOUNTS_LIST_SUCCESSFULLY" }
  ]

  const {getByText} = render(<Provider store={store}><Accounts /></Provider>)
  expect(getByText('info@example.com')).toBeDefined();

  // ASSERTIONS / EXPECTS
  expect(store.getActions()).toEqual(expectedActions)
})

The error I got is
Error: Uncaught [Error: Could not find "store" in the context of "Connect(Accounts)". Either wrap the root component in a <Provider>, or pass a custom React context provider to <Provider> and the corresponding React context consumer to Connect(Accounts) in connect options.]
How can I test a connected component? Thank you very much

A: You have to first configure store and then pass it to your parent component
export const configureStore = () => {
const store = createStore(
    rootReducer,

  );
return store;

}
<Provider store={store}>
 <App />
 </Provider>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Liberalism in China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the Republican period and, later, reintroduced after the end of the Cultural Revolution.

History

Republic of China
During the Republican period, translations of John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and many other works were produced in China. These writers had a cumulative effect, as did the ascendancy of liberalism in world powers like Britain, France and the United States. The establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 signaled the acceptance (at least in principle) of these models and the liberal values with which they identified, such as constitutionalism and the separation of powers.

The writings of Liang Qichao (1873–1929) played a major role, despite his leanings to a conservative outlook in latter years. The New Culture Movement (1915) and its immediate successor the May Fourth Movement (1919) initially were strongly liberal in character, with key figures like Hu Shih (1891–1962) as the preeminent exponent of liberal values. Other important liberals were Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973) and Zhang Junmai (1887–1969).

Liberalism was to suffer in the wake of the immense challenges China faced from Japanese militarism and the impact of the Communist movement. By the 1930s, many of the younger generation felt that only radical, authoritarian doctrines could save the country. Liberalism increasingly seemed to serve as a forlorn "third force", able only to admonish authoritarian regimes of the Left and Right. Writers such as Chu Anping, however, made a strong case against the Kuomintang; educators and scholars such as Fei Xiaotong and Tao Xingzhi made a case for revolution as a cause worthy of liberal support; while many more liberals left China, including the rural reformer James Yen, the university president Chiang Monlin, and many less well known figures.

Later under its newly adopted 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China, the 1947 National Assembly election, 1948 Legislative Yuan election, and 1948 presidential election took place in China. With a population of 461 million then, these elections also made China the largest democracy at the time.

People's Republic of China

The ascendancy of Mao Zedong and the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 brought the liberal impulse to its lowest level. Ideological witchhunts were organized against the (real or imaginary) followers of Hu Shih, and their values were ceaselessly derided as bourgeois delusions which could only weaken the nation.

With the collapse of Mao's ideology on his death, seeds of regeneration which had lain dormant gradually came to life. Liberal ideals like intellectual freedom, the separation of powers, civil society and the rule of law were reexamined in the light of the destruction wrought by the Communist party which had been so vociferous in denigrating them. Starting in the Cultural Revolution, many younger people experienced virtual conversions to liberalism. This process was given further impetus by the Tiananmen Square protests leading up to the massacre of June 4, 1989. The democracy movement espoused (however imperfectly) many liberal doctrines. Among the key figures were Wang Ruoshui (1926–2002), who while remaining a Marxist humanist reconfigured this doctrine along liberal lines, and Liu Xiaobo (1955–2017), initially a literary critic, who broke with Marxism to combine existentialist themes with liberalism.

In the 1990s the liberal wing of the remnant of the pro-democracy movement re-emerged following the Tiananmen crackdown, including figures like Qin Hui, Li Shenzhi, Zhu Xueqin, Xu Youyu, Liu Junning and many others. The writings of Gu Zhun (1915–1974) were rediscovered, providing evidence of a stubborn core of liberal values that the communist movement had failed to extinguish. Ranged against the liberals are the Chinese New Left and populist nationalism.

Chinese liberalism itself tends to divide into market liberalism, impressed by the US as a political model and adhering to the doctrines of Hayek and other neoliberals, and left-liberalism, more aligned with European social democracy and the welfare state. These tendencies continue to evolve in an uneasy state of tension. Nonetheless, Chinese liberalism has clearly emerged in its social democratic form is even influencing the doctrinal evolution of the Chinese Communist Party.

Li Keqiang is viewed as a liberal in China's ruling elite, advocating for economic liberty. Wang Yang is viewed as a liberal in China's ruling elite, representing a school of thought that advocates for gradual political liberalization.

See also
 Hu Shih
 P. C. Chang
 Xu Zhangrun
 Qin Hui

References

Chinese democracy movements
Political history of China
China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Traditional Architecture in Extremadura Interpretation Centre
Different places reflect the spirit and character of the people who live there. Come and discover the land and people who have built up Extremadura.
Centro de Interpretación de la Arquitectura Popular en Extremadura
History that has been built up gradually
Burguillos del Cerro , Badajoz (Extremadura)
Email: albaplata@juntaex.es
Website address: viaplata.juntaex.es
WINTER (1 October to 31 May)
Tuesday-Sunday and public holidays, 10am-2pm and 4-7pm.
SUMMER (1 June to 30 September)
Closed on Sunday afternoons and Mondays.
In Burguillos you'll find the Traditional Architecture in Extremadura Interpretation Centre. From a former Templar parish church you'll start a journey through the history of construction in Extremadura since prehistoric times. Models, photos, audiovisuals and information monitors show you the traditional architecture of each district in Extremadura.
Arts and Popular Traditions
Museum of Santa Clara
Santa Marta Ethnographic, Geological and Mining Museum
Learn a little more about the interesting culture and traditions of this town.
MUVI - Villafranca de los Barros Museum
Your visit to the MUVI Museum is a journey through the history of Villafranca de los Barros from the Copper Age, from which the first evidence of population can be dated, to the present time.
Casa – Museo de Zurbarán
Life and work of Francisco de Zurbarán.
Salvatierra de los Barros Castle
A building with the dimensions of a citadel, it was built in 1190 by order of Alfonso IX in a privileged location from which it controls Salvatierra de los Barros.
Valencia del Ventoso Castle
The Valencia del Ventoso Castle cannot be considered as either a defence nor a military building, but rather as a fortress house.
Villalba de los Barros Castle
This castle in the province of Badajoz began its life as a Moslem fortress, which with the passage of time became what it is today at the hands of the Lords of Villalba. A mixture of styles which has led to its declaration as one of Extremadura's historical and cultural heritage sites.
Burguillos del Cerro historic site
The historic site of Burguillos del Cerro in Badajoz has been declared a Cultural Heritage Site and shows traces of the Celtic, Roman and Visigoth peoples.
Toriñuelo Dolmen
A funerary construction with unusual architectural features, as well as painted and engraved motifs in the interior.
Church of San Bartolomé
A legend written in Gothic letters on the walls of the old shrine of San Bartolomé says that the construction work was completed in 1508.


An African female that holds a BSc in Civil Engineering from the University of Cape town is looking to further her career. She has completed her MBA in 2017. She started her career as a site engineer where she worked her way up to a project manager. She is currently responsible for running water meter project managing the ad hoc installation, replacement and maintenance for meters for the City of Ekurhuleni.