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Grand English Victorian Cigar Cabinet in Burr Walnut made by Gillows of Lancaster and London, Circa 1840
Daniels Antiques / Grand English Victorian Cigar Cabinet in Burr Walnut made by Gillows of Lancaster and London, Circa 1840
A Grand English Victorian Cigar Cabinet in Burr Walnut made by Gillows of Lancaster and London, circa 1840. Built in the style of the early campaign furniture with clean lines and side brass carrying handles. The lock is stamped BRAMAH of LONDON, Joseph Bramah designed the round lock in 1784. The mechanism operated by a tubular key, of such complexity and security, that he put it in his shop window and offered a reward of 200 guineas to anyone who could open it. The cigar box itself is stamped GILLOWS. Gillows of Lancaster and London also known as Gillow & Co was founded in 1730 by Robert Gillow. Pieces by Gillows can now be seen in many world class museums and great houses open to the public such as Tatton Park.
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English Sterling Silver and Faux Crocodile Leather Hip Flask, circa 1910.
Pair of Queen Anne Gentleman's Pistols, circa 1710.


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Goldin Financial Holdings Ltd. ( () is an investment holding company based in Hong Kong.

Pan Sutong is a controlling shareholder, the Chairman of the Board and an executive Director of the company.

In 2019, the company sold a plot of undeveloped residential real estate at a loss of approximately $335 million, seeking to reduce its debt.

See also

 List of companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
 Goldin Financial Global Centre

References

External links
 Company website

Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange

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Net-Zero Pathways
Supreme Court Decision Means It's Time for Conservatives to Embrace Carbon Pricing
Ruling offers new opportunities for conservative climate action
Clean Prosperity welcomes the decision released today by the Supreme Court of Canada affirming the constitutionality of the federal carbon tax and rebate.
"Today's Supreme Court decision is a huge step in the right direction for climate action," said Clean Prosperity Executive Director Michael Bernstein. "Canada has the most ambitious economy-wide carbon pricing system in the world. Today's court decision leaves that system intact."
"With carbon pricing here to stay, Conservative leaders — both federally and provincially — should use this moment to think creatively about conservative versions of carbon pricing," said Bernstein. "After all, carbon pricing is the lowest-cost way to reduce emissions, and the only climate policy that generates revenue that can be used to compensate households."
"Today's Supreme Court decision is a huge step in the right direction for climate action," said Clean Prosperity Executive Director Michael Bernstein.
"Carbon pricing could be a net vote winner for Conservatives. Our polling consistently shows that a carbon tax that reduces income taxes would make right-leaning voters more likely to vote Conservative. That's true in Ontario's 905 region and in Conservative ridings in Western Canada."
"While Conservatives have lamented the costs of the federal carbon tax, the reality is that the rebates put most Canadian households ahead. In 2021, for example, a family of four in Alberta is eligible for $981 in carbon tax rebates, an amount that will increase in years to come."
"But Conservative leaders could choose to use the revenue in whatever way they deem best to reduce emissions. By next year, the federal tax will pull in $8 billion in revenue. Wouldn't Ontario Premier Doug Ford, for example, rather use that money as he sees fit rather than have the policy designed by Ottawa?"
"Today's Supreme Court decision also provides greater clarity for Canadian business and industry, which also broadly supports carbon pricing. Carbon pricing is an essential tool for growing the low-carbon economy of the future, while protecting the competitiveness of Canada's carbon-intensive industries."
2021 carbon tax rebates for a family of four:
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$600 $720 $1000 $981
Canadians support carbon pricing, including committed and potential Conservative voters.
A fall 2020 Clean Prosperity/Leger poll of Ontario's 905 region found that 67% of potential Conservative voters say they cannot vote for a party that doesn't have a credible climate plan; 67% also say a carbon tax and rebate should be a priority in a credible plan.
A February 2021 Clean Prosperity/Leger poll of voters across Ontario found that two-thirds of provincial Conservative voters prefer that Premier Ford implement his own carbon tax system if the province loses its case at the Supreme Court.
Carbon pricing alone can help Canada achieve most of the emissions reductions necessary to get to the Paris Agreement targets, and half the cuts needed to reach net zero by 2050.
For more information: media@cleanprosperity.ca
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Fall Economic Statement drives low-carbon economic growth by reducing industry risk
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In five pages this paper examines integrated marketing as it applies to the communications practices of Coca Cola. Twelve sources are cited in the bibliography.
Title: "Coca Cola's Integrated Marketing"
How Should Coca-Cola Compete in the Alternate Beverage Market?


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Why were Spain and Portugal neutral / not invaded in WWII?
Why weren't Spain and Portugal involved in World War II with either side? Was not Franco sympathetic with the Axis powers given the help they offered during the civil war?
Also, given their strategic geographical locations with the ability to limit access the Mediterranean, being a possible landing point for the allies to access France from the south. Or the Germans could have used their access to the Atlantic to build naval bases. The question is why did not any faction from the war invade the peninsula for their advantage?
world-war-two spain portugal
MCW♦
The ByzantineThe Byzantine
Hitler for Franco in 1940: "I prefer to have three or four of my own teeth pulled out than to speak to that man again!" - See: Spain in World War II
– yannis
Franco is reputed to have promised to capture Gibraltar once Hitler took Cairo and Suez. A smart man that Franco - no wonder he died peacefully in his own bed.
– Pieter Geerkens
Hitler wanted an alliance with both Vichy France and Spain. Since he compromised when they requested stuff from him, neither was happy enough to become Hitler's ally. So basically the Germans didn't invade Spain since he considered them allies, but the allied powers didn't either as Spain was neutral.
– Jake W
I can tell you why Spain was neutral. (Sorry, I don't know much about Portugal)
Germany and Italy helped Franco during the Spanish Civil War. When the Second World War started, Germany of 1939 was not very interested in Spain. As you know in May 1940 Italy joined the Axis while France was being conquered. After defeat the Germans prepared themselves to conquer the UK and Africa. In that moment Gibraltar started to be very important for everyone.
Meanwhile in Spain Franco wanted to return the favour to Hitler. Summary of his thoughts:
He had an experienced army after 3 years of war.
The army equipment was pretty obsolete, especially against modern allied weapons.
The country was devastated, people were starving. Food and industrial productivity were a shadow of pre-civil war values.
There was huge civil unrest and lot of guerrillas (Maquis) still fighting in Spain.
So Franco ordered a report to each branchesf the military: Army, Air Force and Navy. The Army and Air Force reports advised to support Germany. In 1940 Germany looked invincible and they were impressed by German tanks and Air Force (Legion Condor).
Keeping in mind that most of the Navy (mainly sailors and NCO) remained loyal to the Republic Government, there were few experienced officers (Most officers were killed by loyal sailors and after the war purged, either executed, imprisoned or expelled from the Navy by Franco). So the report was made by a young officer (OF-4 equivalent) called Carrero Blanco. This started a friendship between Franco and him that eventually addressed him as president of Spain in 1973. Carrero Blanco had a different view from his colleagues from the Army and Air Force. The report from Carrero Blanco was signed by Salvador Moreno, head on Spanish Navy, on 11 November 1940 and explained in 21 bullet points the consequences for Spain and the needs in case of entering in the war. He recommended not to enter in the war as it would cause more problems than benefits to Spain and the Axis. Mainly the Report stated that Spain should remain neutral unless Suez was conquered by Axis. In that case it advised to attack Gibraltar and use Spanish Navy to blockade Gibraltar, assuming that Spain would lose Canary Islands.
Franco was impressed by the report and decided not to enter in the war. He had a strategy were he supported Hitler but at the same time he didn't support him. Spain declared to be allied with Germany but non-belligerent. Hitler wanted to invade Gibraltar and had an interview in person with Franco in Hendaya (Frontier between Spain and France) to force him to enter in the war in October of 1940. Franco managed to convince Hitler to delay such a decision. He sent some volunteers in "Blue Division" that acted as a normal 250th Wehrmacht infantry division, instead of fighting as a Spanish Division. He was supporting Hitler, pleasing Falangists in Spain and the Allies at the same time.
There was a plan (Operation Felix) to attack Gibraltar through Spain by having some German divisions enter from France and attack Gibraltar in January 1941. But the plan was cancelled because Franco refused to agree. Franco claimed that Spain was not ready to support the attack or repel the probable British counter attack in his overseas possessions or even mainland. He requested unacceptable conditions from Germany (wheat, oil, troops to defend Spain and Operation Felix to happen after German invasion of England.). Hitler cancelled the attack plan in December 1940.
As time passed by it started to become clear that Germany was going to be defeated. Spain changed status from non-belligerent to neutral.
Sorry, I didn't find an English version of the report.
Here you can find a copy of the report in Spanish: http://www.lasegundaguerra.com/viewtopic.php?f=260&t=11966#. If you want you can translate it with Google Translate or similar.
Here you can find references to that report: http://aq.be/8daae2
UPDATE: Admiral Canaris, head of Abwehr (German military intelligence agency) advised Franco not to go to war. Canaris was an expert on Spain, he was fluent in Spanish and worked on intelligence in Spain between 1935-1936 creating a net of German spies. He was ordered by Hitler to assess the possibility of invading Gibraltar and convince Franco. Canaris had his own agenda and instead of following orders, he influenced Franco, by meetings with his top advisors (including Serrano Suñer that was Franco's brother in law and soon was made foreign minister), not to go to war. Check this book for more info.
Oscar FoleyOscar Foley
Great answer. I had heard a lot of this before, but the answer goes into more detail than I had seen.
Great answer, up until i saw your update, i was preparing to jump with a comment and say about Canaris, but you already did ^^
– Adrian Todorov
Great answer indeed. Also good references for further reading. Thank you!
– Stijn de Witt
Franco was very grateful for the good advice received from Canaris. After the war, the widow of the Admiral took refuge in Spain, under the protection of the government. In the early 70s, she was still living in Madrid.
– xxavier
Actually, Portugal and England have the longest alliance in the world -- one signed in the Treaty of Windsor (1386). The Portuguese and English agreed that neutrality for Portugal was the most viable stance though Portugal helped the alliance in other ways like evacuating civilians from Gilbraltar to Madeira and allowing later in the war, bases in the Azores. Portugal even discouraged Franco from an alliance with the Axis, even signed the Iberian Pact where Spain and Portugal agreed to fight together any invading army.
In any case, Franco, after an exhausting civil war, was uninterested in entering conflict. Hitler, after meeting with Franco, stated he rather have teeth pulled than meet with Franco again.
T.E.D.♦
Dr. DDr. D
I added a very much needed link
In "Mein Kampf," Hitler opined, "We stop the endless German movement to the south and west, and turn our gaze toward the land in the east...If we speak of the soil of Europe today, we can have primarily in mind the soil of Russia and her vassal border states."
He was concerned primarily with conquering Russia and eastern Europe. Fought France and Britain (enemies from World War I) as needed, but basically had no quarrel with, or interest in Spain and Portugal. It was better for Germany to have a (moderately) "friendly" country there than an outright enemy, especially given how well Franco's troops had fought in the Spanish civil war.
The Allies similarly had no "issue" with Spain or Portugal. They wanted to defeat Germany, and retrieve France and other occupied countries. But since Germany had little interest in Spain and Portugal, neither did they.
Tom AuTom Au
+1, in fact it was France and Britain who declared war on Germany (because of German eastward expansion!), not the other way around
– kubanczyk
You're looking at few different questions.
1) Why did Franco not bring Spain into the war voluntarily in 1939-40?
a) Popular war fatigue: the Spanish people had been put through three years of a bloody fratricidal war. Remember, aerial bombardment of non-military targets such as capital cities was a brand-new military technique, and it was terrifying. Spain had just lived through a similar experience to the worst of the Western Front during the Great War, and even twenty years later the populations of France and Belgium had a visceral phobia of any repeat of war. Aside from the Communist Party, there was little stomach to continue the war even among the Republicans who faced death or exile if they lost. Put simply, in three years Franco had lacked the popular support to swiftly win his war, and there was no chance that support would suddenly appear, to bring Spain into Germany's foreign war.
b) Material strain: Related to the above point. By late 1939, Spain was shattered by three years of total war. Food shortages, disruption to commercial and industrial production, credit shortage with the loss of gold reserves to back its currency... Given that the Nationalists' justification for their insurrection had been the need to ensure stability and public order, they could hardly now prolong the disruption. The country needed a breathing space to rebuild. Germany was a willing trade partner (Spanish minerals were the only easily-available source for components of several modern armaments, including tank armour and explosives), but remaining neutral allowed Spain to trade these desired resources with both Germany and Britain/America, according to the war's changing circumstances.
c) Caution given the War's Outlook. Again, according to the war's changing circumstances. In 1939, it was not clear that the Wehrmacht would so easily steamroll the French Army. Due to circumstances, France had focussed on a large citizen army, Germany on a small elite one (eg, prioritizing tanks, commandos, warplanes --techniques that were politically unpopular or dismissed by experts in France). In 1914, France had fought German forces to a stalemate; in 1939, the French army was still considered the most prestigious and capable in Europe. It was precisely the rapid destruction of the French army which proved the superiority of a small but technologically advanced army over a large citizen mobilization; until that occurred in Spring 1940, it was not self-evident that Germany was a 'winner'. Yet Britain repelled the Luftwaffe in Spring 1940, and the US joined up in Late 1941. So all throughout the war, for a cautious pragmatist like Franco, it wasn't clear that joining Germany was the clever option. Instead, he sent a contingent of the most ardent Spanish anticommunists to fight the USSR --even then, this was as much a symbolic gesture to placate Hitler, and a pragmatic domestic decision to get rid of the most radical fascists who might trouble his internal new order, than from a sincere desire to get involved in a foreign war.
2) Why did Portugal not participate in the war? Salazar was in a very precarious position. Portugal had been a long-time British ally, and was very vulnerable to British naval power (particularly regarding its colonies). Making the wrong move would risk Portugal's independence --whether Britain stepped in to seize the Azores, Germany stepped in to secure the Portuguese mines necessary for the war effort, or Spain took advantage of the confusion to reassert control over Portugal. If anything, Salazar's neutrality was more sincere than Franco's, enforcing an embargo on either side's activities in Portuguese territory and banning Portuguese citizens from assisting one side or the other. This allowed him to play the war's changing circumstances to his advantage, looking the other way when US demanded naval use of the Azores later in the war while officially remaining neutral to avoid the German backlash.
3) Why did Hitler not invade Spain? Hitler had spent three years observing and expressing frustration with the inefficacy of the Nationalists' military prowess, both in terms of its military strength, and of its poor leadership. Frequently, the German Condor Legion had to act as a spearhead for Franco, rather than as the technical advisers they had been intended as (eg, at Guernica). Germany already had one useless ally overextending its resources and battlefronts in disastrous Balkan wars; it was already faced with defending a vast Atlantic seaboard from Denmark to the Pyrenees, and didn't need to expand its exposed borders further. Such an expansion of the German flank was particularly not worth the cost of the material 'sweeteners' that Franco demanded, knowing that it would sabotage the arrangement (colonies, food and fuel). Moreover, the one thing that Germany truly wanted from Spain in 1936, access to bases in Morroco, were no longer necessary now that Pétain had brought the French empire over to the Axis. All in all, Franco's neutrality was sufficient to preserve Germany's western Flank while it contained Britain and focussed on its real enemy, the USSR.
4) Why did Britain not invade Spain? That has been answered rather well above, centring on the threat to Britain's Mediterranean supply lines via the Straits of Gibraltar. Although it should be noted that later on, the Allies did spread disinformation claiming that they planned to land in Spain, as a means to distract from the Normandy Landings.
So at the end of the day, we shouldn't be surprised. The dictators of Spain and Portugal remained neutral forthe same as the liberal democracies of Switzerland and Ireland: in international affairs, domestic pressures/challenges tend to very often trump ideological affinity.
moranetmoranet
Also, Portugal was very keen to keep its colonial empire intact and weary of losing any (of the few) colonial possessions it had left to either side by joining the Axis or the Allied. WWI had a great cost to Portugal and Salazar economical ideas to bring progress to the country after the chaotic governments of the First Republic relied deeply on the colonies - the reason he tried so hard and so long to keep them later on even when it was clear Portugal was bound to lose them eventually.
– aenariel
Spanish minerals were the only easily-available source for components of several modern armaments, including tank armour and explosives Do you have a source for this? If you're talking about Tungsten, I've never heard of it used in armor or explosives in WW2. It may have been used in armor-piercing rounds from tanks, but armor can be done with hardened steel. As for explosives, never heard of Tungsten used in those either. I would think it was way too rare for that. A simple steel casing works fine and makes great shrapnel.
– DrZ214
For Germany it was unnecessary, they weren't going to be a threat and would be a useless ally. Occupying Spain even under friendly terms would cost men and equipement. Essentially the same as Vichy France.
With Italy and France you already have all the Mediterranean bases you need. The North Atlantic convoy routes are further away from Spain than bases in France and you have further to move supplies from Germany. At the time the railways in France and Spain didn't match so it would be difficult to move large amounts of fuel/weapons/parts overland and shipping them means taking them through the English channel !
For the allies it's a long way to go to land an invasion force and then you have to get them accross the full length of a hostile country before crossing a mountain range and then having another hostile country (France) to get across. It's very easy to bottle up a army in the Iberian peninsular - as Wellington found.
nonenone
And on the other side, Spain was still recovering from the Civil War and while the Nazis might be considered their natural allies they stood to gain very little if they won and to lose a lot if they lost.
– DJClayworth
Spain was involved in the invasion of the soviet union by sending 15k troops called "Blue Division". In order to not putting his relations to western democracies at risk, Franco set having the involvement limited to the eastern front as a condition.
Already before WWII, ongoing from 1936, Germany supported Franco's forces during the civil war with secretly sending volunteer air force units, known as "Condor Legion".
J. KatzwinkelJ. Katzwinkel
The short answer is that the cost of the invasion would have been greater than the strategic value. For example, both sides tried to invade Norway and Germany succeeded, but it was very costly. Germany had to maintain a significant number of troops and equipment throughout Norway, paying them and feeding them. The cost-benefit ratio for Spain and Portugal was much worse. Remember Spain has about 8 times the population of Norway and 4 times the population of Greece. The campaign against Greece was long and arduous. Unlike Greece, Spain and Portugal were strictly neutral, if not sympathetic to Germany, so to Hitler's way of thinking it would make no sense to spend huge amounts of time, money and resources invading a country that was already friendly and would provide only a marginal amount of military value. It might have been nice to get rid of the Gibraltar base, but remember that the Third Reich could not even capture Malta, which is right next to Italy. If you can't capture Malta, you are not going to be capturing Gibraltar.
For the Allies the situation was largely the same. Also, they would lose the moral high ground, because they would be waging a war of aggression against neutral countries. Also, if they attacked Spain, it is likely Franco would have allowed German troops into the country to help defend it. If their attack on Spain failed, moreover, it would be guaranteed that they would lose Gibraltar, because Spain would attack Gibraltar the minute any war with England started. So, the allies would have to have a really high confidence of success to risk it. All-in-all it was kind of a non-starter for the allies.
To really see the Allied calculus here imagine what would happen if the Allies attacked Spain. Lets say they got a beachhead, so now they are shipping men and materials to their beachhead to try to conquer the Iberian peninsula, a very rocky and mountainous place. First Franco invites in German troops, so you have the whole country basically becoming part of the Axis and you are fighting Germans. Next, Franco lets the Germans use airfields. So, now Gibraltar is under attack, getting shelled by big guns in Spain and strafed by aircraft located in airfields just a few miles away. Also, the Germans can now make aerial torpedo attacks on any ships in the Straits of Gibraltar. This could result in a failure to supply Malta. Now, you have both Gibraltar and Malta falling. Even if your attack "succeeds" you could be facing a temporary situation where you are losing the whole Mediterranean and have re-conquer it AFTER you have finally beat the Spanish, which might take a whole year to do.
With considerations like these, it is easy to see why attacking Iberia would seem to be a bad idea.
Tyler DurdenTyler Durden
There were, believe it or not, limits to the numbers of men and equipment that Hitler had available - and in the event he took on vastly more than Germany could cope with anyway. Armoured divisions by the score simply disappeared into the frozen wastes of the Russian winter. After the autumn of 1941 German resources, and availability of oil, were always stretched.
Mountainous Spain would have been a difficult country to hold as an invader, in any event, and since Hitler had a compliant ally in Franco, the necessity was not there. Remember that the Germans didn't even attempt to hold the whole of France. Spain had no oil, as did Russia and the Middle East. Nor did she threaten Germany.
But Hitler's biggest strategic mistake (apart from underestimating the Russian winter) has been seen by some as his not having taken Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus early in the war before Britain got its act together.
Had he done that he may well have won Egypt and opened up a route into the oilfields of Arabia. It would also have prevented the Allies being able to invade Italy, which campaign was tying up huge numbers of German divisions at the time of the Normandy invasion.
WS2WS2
Pretty much all was said...but one thing: - Franco offered Hitler to invade Portugal for him, this was a way to make Hitler forget to invade the all peninsula...but Hitler did not accept. Hitler did have plans to invade Portugal and Spain later on but circunstances did not gather for it. As for Portugal, it foulled Hitler as much as it could, iron and volframium were sent to Germany for war industry, but only in the ammounts secretly negotiated with the allies to prevent Nazi agression. For the allies, Portugal sent thousands of supplies, pretty much all combat rations for allied troops were provided by Portugal (Canned food of portuguese huge canned industry of that time). The other thing Portugal did was to serve as an escape route for jews. Jews and political prisioners would flee to occupied France or Paris, then get a visa for Portugal (millions were provided by consulates).
Carlos GomesCarlos Gomes
Sources? Citations? if this interests someone, where would they go to find more?
– MCW ♦
The only thing I would add to the comments above would be Hermann Goring's very frank testimony at the Nuremberg Trials where he stated his belief and the fact that he had argued for an attack on Gibraltar as opposed to Russia in June, 1941.
It should be remembered that the only extant Nation and People was at War with after the Fall of France was Great Britain and that the German Air Force had failed to defeat Great Britain in the year between June, 1940 and June, 1941. That meant any invasion of Russia would mean fighting two adversaries instead of one.
Neither Spain nor Portugal threatened Germany in any way nor as with Napoleon could Great Britain "bleed the Empire white" so to speak. Portugal was a hotbed of intrigue during World War 2 as well...a place second only to Switzerland as far as illicit money transfers took place.
After the rather remarkable success of the Wehrmacht's invasion of the Balkans just prior to Barbarossa it is rather odd they didn't follow it up with an attack on Gibraltar.
Germany didn't need 300,000 men to "hold down Norway" either so it is interesting to posit an attack on Gibraltar being a prelude to an attack on Great Britain.
We'll never know because everyone blamed Goring and then he got executed.
When you look at some of the Nazi's who didn't get executed Goring does in fact stand out. It's not like the German Air Force was guarding the Concentration Camps and then bombing the prison...err, "detainees"... if they got out of line.
That sure wasn't true of the OKW or the German Navy.
" Dr Mengele" doesn't sound like a very German name either so I do wonder just how "neutral" Spain and Portugal truly were too.
Only Great Britain defended Malta...from beginning to end I might add.
Doctor ZhivagoDoctor Zhivago
Goring was not executed. He took cyanide the night before he was due to be hanged.
– WS2
Allways, is said why not Spain join in the ww2.
First of all, the principal history dates that road Spain to the Civil War:
1º. 1930-31: A transition of spain, similar to the modern 70s. After Spanish army resigned from the power the politicians moderated by the king started to deal Spain´s Future. King favour to reestablish the Constitutional monarchy reforming the previous one and the same time recover the relation UK. However, the politicians were divided: the Conservatives and moderate-liberals supported King´s idea but Left-liberals and Socialist chose the Republic. The Spanish King no seeking any agreement decided to exile in order to avoid a civil war( a great mistake because the army´s angry grew enourmously)
2º. 1931-1936: At the republic the two sides hate was growing but in 1936 the two sides extremists parties (Falangists and communists) started growing in each sectors provocking even killings in both sides.
3º. 1936-39: The army seeking that the Republic was a chaos made coup d´etat. Howewer, the army also divided in two sides so the Civil War started and each political sector supported one sector of the armed forces. Nationalist Spain: Politically, a conservative, moderate-liberal and Falangists coalition but with a military leadership. Republican Spain: Political leadership of left-liberal, socialist and communists coalition.
What was Spain in Franco Era?? Fascist or Conservative?? Depends of Franco wanted. The Great majority of Nationalist Spain,in reality, wanted a Constitucional monarchy, however, nor King of Spain went back home, not UK (the exiled house of Spanish Royal family) involved on the conflict . At the end, Franco decided everything because was the chosen one to be the leader (The most decorated young general of Spanish army) and he didnt want to leave the power because he didnt trust the politicians, in his opinion, the guilties of Spain´s problems.
On the first period the diferent ideology sectors in Franco´s Spain were in tensions, no one gained the possibility to convince Franco but the General in order to avoid tensions with Hitler grew the Falangists at the power. It was not until the end of ww2, when the UK and USA started involving in Spain but Franco mainteined strongly at the power, but his loved Spain was in ruins and he needed friend countries to win popularity and in cold war, with US arrive, take advantage of the situation. He renounced definitively the falangists on the power in order to please allies and the conservatives with moderate-liberals recover the influence and at the same time the Spanish king was named a successor, the monarchy was reestablished.
The political parties that supported Franco were:
Monarchists as liberal as conservative: Neutrality in the war.
CEDA as a conservative alliance: Neutrality in the war.
Falange: They seek to improve and join with Fascist/Nazi regimes.
The only thing that united them is the anti-communism.
edited Jun 7 '16 at 4:26
Basque_SpaniardBasque_Spaniard
-1 because: a) wall of text, b) inconsistencies "the army seeking that the Republic was a chaos made coup d'etat. However, the army also divided in two sides" and c) outright lies "he didnt want to leave power because he didnt trust the politicians" (poor, poor power hungry dictator), "to avoid tensions with Hitler he grew Falangists at the power" Franco used Falangists to get power but got them under his control as soon as he could, by 1939 they were just a political pretexte under his control but would continue to serve in that position for most of his dictature.
Im telling the truth and Im not joking. Franco did what he want until allies pressure him to change his policy.
– Basque_Spaniard
The republic was in chaos. the governments take long no more than two years after the elections, social revolutions, killings, catalan revolution etc... Spain was in real Chaos. All things that Franco made only the coup d´etat but it was one of group of generals. The support UK to send a plane to transport him to Marocco.
The UK was involved in the conflict secretly but ended without its real plan that was to reestablish the monarchy in Spain. Franco made what he want because he didnt have any rival in the army.
In 5 years, 3 general elections is a disaster. Spanish Republican history ended always in disaster. Only the monarchy had always success. The first republic the fight between federalism and centralism. The second one, the catalan nationalism and the socialist revolution. Only with the monarchy, the governments were moderate and gave stability to Spain. Of Course, better to be liberal than absolutists.
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text:
Q: Adjusting p-values for multiple comparisons: if Bonferroni adjustment = α/??, what's my? I'm testing the effect of two different informational treatments on individuals' attitudes towards certain policies.
I know I need to adjust my p-values for multiple comparisons. Using the Bonferroni method I would have to divide my alpha (e.g. p = 0.05) by the number of comparisons I'm making i.e. α/??.
However, I'm not sure what to count in the ??

*

*I'm testing the effect of treatment on preferences for 8 different
policies

*I have 3 treatment groups (control, treatment 1, treatment 2), and am
interested in the marginal effect of treatment (e.g. treatment 1 vs
control, treatment 2 vs control)

*I also include 13 (binary) covariates/control variables

I think (hope!) the value of ?? should be 8 i.e. one for each policy - but can anyone advise?

A: You should divide alpha by the number of hypothesis tests you want to perform. It sounds like you want to test whether each of the 2 treatment group's mean preference differs from the control group's mean preference for each policy. If so, that's 2*8 hypothesis tests, so you'd divide alpha by 16.
But this is a choice to make. Do you care whether the two treatment groups have different preferences? Do you want to study the covariates?
At the end of the day, it's a balancing act. On one hand, it'd be nice to test more hypotheses. On the other hand, each additional hypothesis you test will reduce your power for any particular hypothesis. You can do a power analysis to see the impact of this for a fixed sample size n.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
China Sea. Sheet II (South East), Bruit River to...
China Sea. Sheet II (South East), Bruit River to Calamian Island 1859.
London / 1867
The authoritative sea chart of the Northern Borneo and Palawan by Britain's Royal Navy, made during the reign of James Brooke, the legendary 'White Rajah' of Brunei.
This important work was part of a series of charts of the South China Sea issued by the British Admiralty's United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (U.K.H.O.). It embraces all of northern Borneo, including modern day Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah and part of Kalimantan, as well of the entire Philippine island of Palawan.
The chart is based on over a generation of continually updated surveys conducted by the Royal Navy. The coastlines are demarcated by advanced trigonometric surveys, while the sea itself features numerous bathymetric soundings. It was first issued in 1859, with the present chart being an undated edition following corrections to February 1867.
At the time that this chart was made, the north coast of Borneo was of great interest to the British Empire. Long neglected by the Dutch, who nominally held the rest of the island (Kalimantan), British officials and adventurers had long eyed the region's vast wealth in rubber and hardwood timber. In 1842, the English adventurer James Brooke (1803-68), managed to gain control of Brunei and much of Sarawak, making him the first 'White Rajah' in Asia. His family would rule the kingdom until 1946. Meanwhile, the long, narrow island of Palawan remained part of the Spanish Philippines.
The waters to the north of Borneo and east of Palawan were an important shipping lane connecting Hong Kong and Singapore to the broader Pacific. Accordingly, the chart features the 'Course recommended to Hong Kong in the N.E. Monsoon' and the 'Palawan Passage'. As evidence that the chart was a practical aide to navigation, the present example features contemporary manuscript ships' tracks in red crayon.
The present chart is scarce, as such working sea charts have a low survival rate.
Areas of light toning, contemporary manuscript additions of shipping tracks in red crayon.
Antique Maps / Asia / Southeast Asia / Southeast Asia
Antique Maps / Asia / Southeast Asia / Other Islands


The Historical Dictionary of the American Frontier covers early Euro-American exploration and development of frontiers in North America but not only the lands that would eventually be incorporated into the Unites States it also includes the multiple North American frontiers explored by Spain, France, Russia, England, and others. The focus is upon Euro-American activities in frontier exploration and development, but the roles of indigenous peoples in these processes is highlighted throughout. The history of this period is covered through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on explorers, adventurers, traders, religious orders, developers, and indigenous peoples. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the development of the American frontier.


text:
Q: Wait for fetching data from Firebase before return I have the following code:
UPDATE:

const showEvent = (eventLink) => {
  let {events
  } = database
  let staffMembers = ""
  let scenesList = ""
  const staffMembersContainer = $('.staff-members')
  const scenesContainer = $('.scenes')
  const eventsGrid = $('#events-grid')
  const eventHeader = $('#events-grid h2')
  const eventKey = eventLink.getAttribute('data-key')
  const {
    name,
    staff,
    scenes
  } = events[eventKey]
  eventHeader.innerText = name
  eventsGrid.classList.toggle("hidden")
  Object.keys(staff).forEach(role => {
    const staffMember = staff[role]
    staffMembers += Staff(role, staffMember)
  })
  staffMembersContainer.innerHTML = staffMembers
  Object.keys(scenes).forEach(scene => {
    scenesList += Scene(scenes[scene])
  })
  scenesContainer.innerHTML = scenesList
}

const Staff = (role, staffMember) => {
  const {
    name
  } = database.profiles[staffMember[0]]
  return `

${role}:

${name}

  `
}

const Scene = (id) => {
  let promises = []
  const {
    name,
    concerts
  } = database.scenes[id]
  let concertList = ""

  concerts.forEach(concert => {
    promises.push(
      Concert(concert).then(bandName => {
        concertList += `<li><p>${bandName}</p></li>`
      })
    )
  })
  return Promise.all(promises).then(() => {
    return `

Scene ${name}:

        ${concertList}

    `
  })
}

const Concert = (id) => {
  const bandId = database.concerts[id].band
  return firebase.database().ref(`/bands/${bandId}/name`).once('value').then(snap => {
    return snap.val()
  })
}

So I would like to generate two lists, one containing the Staff members, the other one is containing lists of scenes, where scenes themselves are lists of Band names. I only could get plain HTML elements until I found out, that I should probably wait until the data is fetched from Firebase. As this is my first try with promises, the code is a bit messy, and probably is broken on several points.
If someone would have the time to help, I would extremely appreciate it!
Thanks


Create the most powerful ship in the galaxy piece by piece, then lose it to your traitorous crew.
941 backers pledged AU$ 43,088 to help bring this project to life.
The PC/Mac demo is now available on Steam!
Build a ship, complete a mission and wave it goodbye when your crew defect to the other side. Then design a new ship to hunt down those mutinous traitors in an endless cycle of punishment and revenge. Don't make that new design too good though, because odds are you'll be fighting it pretty soon.
Unprecedented freedom of creation - Create the most powerful ship in the galaxy piece by piece, with more than 175 components available and many more to come.
Exploit your designs - Create the perfect design to complete the mission, but remember to build in a weakness you can exploit later when your crew inevitably turns against you.
Epic scale - With unlimited combinations available from tiny fighters up to battle stations the size of a small moon.
Fight your friend's ships - Upload your successful ships and take on the best designs the community has to offer.
Dynamic Music System - Building your ship defines a music theme unique to that ship.
Coming soon - Seamlessly swap your creations between platforms. We will be holding an extensive alpha for Windows and Mac, with the full release also arriving on Linux, iPad and Android tablets.
The game has two phases: Construction and combat. The construction phase involves placing a power core that determines the size of the ship that can be built, and then adding a selection of ship components. These can be placed, scaled and rotated in any arrangement and will operate according to game rules/physics, affording you a high degree of creativity.
Ship components will have a range of stats and behaviours based on their main function. There will be three main visual styles when the game launches. TriStage components are very industrial and mass produced. SSN is a streamlined vision of the future and 2255 is a retro throwback to the days of pulp magazines and the space race. New styles and themes are planned, based on feedback from our community.
Core - Cores are the power source of a ship and also the ultimate weak point. If the core takes a hit, the ship will be instantly destroyed. Bigger and better cores will be unlocked through the course of the game, which will allow you to use more powerful components and build bigger ships. Every component attached to a ship will use some of the core power, which limits the size of ships to a certain number of components.
Weapons - Choose from lasers, blasters, missiles, torpedoes, mines, rail guns, turrets, flak guns, point defense guns and much more.
Crew - They're just going to turn against you and chuck you into space, but sadly you still need crew to run your ship. As well as providing the numbers you need to use ship components, crew modules can also provide your ship with bonuses to various stats.
Hull - Hull is where a ship gets most of its armour from. It may be heavy and it will slow your ship down, but hull is vital if you want to survive being hit.
Wings - Despite what 'scientists' will tell you, spaceodynamics is a real thing and wings will help you to design a much more agile and manoeuvrable ship.
Engines - The real difference between a good ship and floating space garbage.
Special - Certain components will boost or specialize the abilities of your ship. Shields, radar, heat sinks, exhaust ports, ion intakes, flares and counter measures can all be used to give you an edge, but can also leave you vulnerable if you can't protect them. Carrier Decks and Shuttle Bays allow you to launch any of your previously designed standard class ships off larger super class ships.
Combat - The combat phase involves you taking control of your ship from a top down 2D perspective and taking on enemy ships. If victorious, you move on to the next mission. If you fail it's back to the drawing board to design a new ship that might fare better.
You will cycle between the construction and combat phases, creating and fighting in a continual progression through better and bigger ships as the missions and the story progress. After each mission, however, you will lose your ship to defection and will be forced to defeat your former crew in the following mission. This creates an achilles conundrum for the player. Build the perfect ship, but build in fatal flaws you can exploit later.
Planet Asbestos - Fighting has broken out between corporations, governments, pirates and private citizens over the rights to prospect for a theoretical particle that theoretically exists in only one place in the universe. Theoretically, that's planet Asbestos. The research and mining costs have already bankrupted several planets, thus inflating the value of the probably nonexistent particle and creating a stock bubble that supports the entire economy of the galaxy.
Your job - Defend the planet for the Suppressed Systems Navy. Your crew has been drafted from prison, which is turning out to be a less successful policy than was promised. Morale is low. Mutiny is inevitable.
Missions - Will consist of a primary objective, after which your mutinous crew will turn up in your previous ship and try to finish you off. Primary objectives include a wide range of scenarios, ranging from taking on simple waves of fighters, to capturing space stations, to evacuating passengers off a burning cruise ship, to building a ship that looks enough like an enemy ship that you can fool your way past their shields and drop a nuke on their stupid face.
Challenge mode - Gives you the ability to fight against ships designed by other players. It's not direct multiplayer, as the opposing ship will be AI controlled. The missions can be set up similarly to campaign missions, with secondary objectives to complete, or they can just be quick skirmishes with one ship against another.
Take on your friend's ships - Random ships from the community and your friends list, ships of certain classes or weights, survival modes vs waves of ships, or even ships that just coincidentally share the same name.
Rewards - The Alpha: You'll be the first to get your hands on Super and Hyper class ship components when we open the early alpha up to our Kickstarter backers. Just pledge in the Ambiguous Wind class or above to reserve your spot.
The T-Shirt: Pledge in the Tactical Amputation tier or above to get your hands on one of these Kickstarter exclusives!
The Art Book: It will include the initial concepts for every piece, hints and tips for how to play the game and maybe even our list of secret keyboard shortcuts (when we've eventually added them all). It's basically an old school manual for the game, with a lot of art to liven it up.
Pledge at the Power Pod Class ($AU20) or above and get the pdf version. Pledge at the Death Horror Class ($AU200) or above and get the luxurious hardcover version signed on the inside cover with a handwritten, highly complimentary message about how attractive you are!
Localization - Should we meet our goal, we'll be localizing Defect for French, Italian, German, Spanish and Russian.
Our music and sound is all composed by acclaimed sound designer, Stephan Schutze. Over the past 15 years Stephan has created audio for nearly every available game platform, working on everything from composing the orchestral score for Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis to recording fighter planes for World of Warplanes. Stephan has been making games with us for more than 10 years now, most recently on Stunt Star. He has been hard at work creating a system where all the structural ship components have their own music theme, which builds into a unique final piece of music for every ship you design. That piece is dynamically modified during combat to build up the drama as your ship is damaged or as the fighting gets more intense. Yes, it's as crazy as it sounds.
Three Phase Interactive is Paul Baker (programmer, project manager), Chris Burns (animator) and Drew Morrow (artist, designer). We started out at Blue Tongue Entertainment/THQ more than 10 years ago, working on a very long list of pc/console titles that you almost certainly never played, but they taught us a lot. We've worked on The Polar Express (PS2, GC, PC), Nicktoons Unite! + sequels (PS2, GC, Wii), El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera (PS2), Marvel Super Hero Squad (Wii), Monstaaa! (iPhone, iPad, Android) and various unreleased titles (PS3, X360, Wii). We went on to form our own studio, Three Phase Interactive, and we've had millions of downloads of our first game Stunt Star, a physics puzzler, on iPhone, iPad, Android and Windows Phone.
We work with contractors from time to time, and Sam Izzo has been working as a part time programmer on Defect. Sam has a lot of experience on a variety of projects, working on Barnyard (GC, Wii, PS2, PC), de Blob + sequel (Wii, PS3, X360), Homefront (PS3, X360), Deus Ex: Human Revolution (WiiU) and FRAMED (additional keyboards!) (iPhone, iPad).
Defect is a big step up in terms of scope, but we've been working on it for two years now thanks to support from Film Victoria and Screen Australia and it's at a point where the core aspects of the game are up and running. The money we're asking for will be used to expand on every aspect of the design. More time will let us create more components, and more importantly, components that have new and unique abilities. Imagine weapons that create black holes, or engines that propel you by dropping nukes. We can improve the AI and add many more campaign missions. We will be able to add more music and sound. And it will give us time to run a beta to get feedback from you about what you want to see in the game.
So far, we have around 30 playable missions and 175 ship components. The basic functionality of the map screen and challenge modes are in, but there is a lot of work left to do. Scoring and progress systems have been started and will be tied into earning credits to build your ships. Enemy AI will be expanded and improved, more characters and backgrounds will be created, and the story will be woven into the campaign missions.
More of everything will give you more possibilities to create that perfect ship you've always wanted...and then blow it up. So get yourself and your friends on board and help the Suppressed Systems Navy protect corporate interests. It's that or the poison mines!
Defect is a pretty ambitious title for a small team, so feature creep is a real danger. We've released a lot of games in our development lives though and we understand how to stay realistic about schedules and task planning. If we have any delays, we'll keep our backers up to date with exactly what is going on.
Development across a number of different platforms is a challenge. But we've planned from the start for Defect to work on anything, so controls and art have been optimised to suit each platform. You'll need a pretty recent iPad or tablet to run the game well, but we're trying to make it work on as many devices as we can.
We've designed Defect to have no end to the amount of content that can be added, which makes it challenging to balance and test every component against every other component. The beta will give us a lot of valuable information about the way people actually play the game, and the kind of ships they build. Any changes we make to component stats or game systems during that time runs the risk of ruining your carefully designed ships. We hope you'll stick with us through that difficult process.
You have been accepted into the empire and have our thanks.
- One copy of the final game on PC/Mac/Linux. Get in early and get it cheap. Limited numbers.
- One copy of the final game on PC/Mac/Linux.
+ Component description and art manual PDF.
- Component description and art manual PDF.
+ Steam Key for access to the PC alpha.
- Steam Key for access to the PC alpha.
+ Your name on an enemy ship in Kickstarter themed horde level.
- Your name on an enemy ship in Kickstarter themed horde level.
+ Access to the beta version on iPad/Android Tablets.
- Access to the beta version on iPad/Android Tablets.
+ Your name in the random ship name generator.
+ Printed hardcover book version of the component description and art manual.
- Your name in the random ship name generator.
- Printed hardcover book version of the component description and art manual.
+ Extra copy of the game for a friend.
+ Design and name a standard class ship to be used as an enemy in campaign mode.
- Extra copy of the game for a friend.
+ Design and name a super class Pirate ship to be used as a boss enemy in campaign mode!
+ We will draw your pet and add them to the game as a traitorous backstabbing space scum defector. Or we could add you, if you really twist our arm (or your pet is ugly).
+ Design an entire ship style and 25 ship pieces for DLC.
+ No other rewards. You're basically working for us now and that's what its like to be a game designer. Too bad.


Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML) has two major kinds of elements: those for field rendering and schema definition, and those for page (HTML) rendering. The page-rendering CAML elements are designed for use in rendering pages, such as when you need to extract the property of a specific field and render it on a page.
Elements can be used in two ways. Elements such as the Today element are used to generate a text string to be inserted within the page. Other elements are used to modify text generated by their child elements. Elements can also be concatenated to produce a concatenation of their output.
The following table describes some of the prominent CAML HTML-rendering elements.
Used for batch processing of commands within HTTP protocol.
Used inside a Switch or FieldSwitch statement to perform a comparison.
Contains the default value of a field to which new item forms are initialized.
Contains a CAML expression that is evaluated to determine the course of action for a Switch or FieldSwitch statement.
Provides conditional rendering based on the value of a CAML expression.
Provides a basic mechanism for enumerating a collection of views or fields defined in the current list.
Returns a variable in the context of rendering the page.
Returns a string that sets the base element for the current page.
Renders the URL of the virtual server containing the current website.
Returns the path to the appropriate OWSSVR.DLL.
Returns the root directory of the current site.
Returns the value of a specified column from the database.
The top-level element in Onet.xml.
Returns a global property of the current team website.
Sets variables in the context of rendering the page.
Allows for conditional rendering based on the value of a CAML expression.
Defines a view in Microsoft SharePoint Foundation.
Used as an outer wrapper to denote a section of CAML.


text:
City Council Boosts Worker Cooperatives
By Joe Maniscalco
Worker Cooperatives are getting a big push at City Hall.
New York, NY – Worker cooperatives eager to get a crack at the city's $17 billion procurement and purchasing pie are pushing a new initiative before the City Council this week that could help knock down some important barriers that the innovative start-ups continue to face.
Intro. 423, would require the Small Business Services agency to begin tracking the level of business the city is doing with worker cooperatives throughout the five boroughs, as well as issue annual reports on how it could be doing a better job of providing worker/owners greater economic opportunities.
"The big guys get the vast majority of these contracts," said Wayne Ho, chief program and policy officer, Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies. "And we know that what get measured, gets noticed."
New York City has already made a $1.2 million budget commitment to worker cooperative business initiatives aimed at building upon the roughly 23 worker cooperatives now active around town.
By further supporting the kinds of worker cooperatives that lift the wages of traditionally low-income earners, while also supporting communities, advocates believe that the city can make good on Mayor Bill de Blasio's vision of making New York City a world leader in combatting income inequality.
"It would transform the city overnight if we had businesses engaged in city contracts that were employing people at living wages and keeping most of that money in the communities where they're actually based," said Omar Freilla, coordinator, Green Worker Cooperatives.
Recording €5 billion annually, the 100-year-old Cooperative Construction Consortium in Italy is that country's largest construction company employing some 20,000 people. Overall, close to 10 percent of Italy's workforce reportedly belongs to worker-owned cooperatives.
According to Chris Michaels, executive director, New York City Network of Worker Cooperatives, the Big Apple could, indeed, replicate that same kind of success here if it removed economic barriers and raised awareness about the viability worker cooperatives.
"Intro. 423 presents a bold and progressive new vision for the future of New York City's economy," Michaels said.
Natasha Coombs, a worker/owner with a Bronx-based travel business called Diaspora Destinations, as well as a recent graduate of the Green Worker Cooperatives' incubator program, is committed to realizing that promise.
"Right now, I have my day job, but I definitely want to transition into building upon this dream that we have," Coombs said.
The City Council is set to vote on Intro. 423 on Thursday, February 25.
"We need to help people move out of low paying jobs and dead industries, and into a model that can help people join the middle class," said Councilmember Helen Rosenthal [D-6th District].
With a total of seven businesses, fellow Councilmember Carlos Menchaca [D-38th District] represents an area in Brooklyn with the highest concentration of worker cooperatives in the city.
"The number one thing I hear from cooperatives is, just get out of the way and allow us access to the wealth generation that the city has," the councilman said. "Government is going to get out of the way, and we're going to open the doors."
Like many other small businesses, advocates for worker-owned cooperatives say the groups face many of the same kinds of problems attempting to secure large-scale contracts with the city, as well as qualifying as M/WBEs —Minority and Women-owned Business Enterprises.
Since 2006, the Center for Family Life in Brooklyn has helped some 200 residents build cooperative business — most of them run by low-income, immigrant women.
"As a result of Intro 423, we'll have the ability to clearly identify the positive impact that cooperative businesses — and the marginalized immigrant women and men who compose them — can make in lifting up our city by providing essential services," said Julia Jean Francois, director of program services, Center for Family Life.
PrevTipped Workers Get Raise; Fight To End Sub-Minimum Wage Continues
Bronx Post Office Renamed for Herman BadilloNext


text:
US: End in Sight for Infamous Crack Cocaine Laws
Legislation to Address Racial Disparity in Sentencing Heads to President Obama's Desk
(New York) - Legislation approved by the House on July 28, 2010 will dramatically alter the historically more punitive approach to federal crack cocaine offenders that led to racial disparities in sentencing, Human Rights Watch said today. The bill, which the Senate passed in March, is on its way to President Barack Obama for his signature.
"The new legislation will end the egregiously and needlessly long crack sentences that were a hallmark of federal drug sentencing," said Jamie Fellner, senior counsel in the US program at Human Rights Watch. "The racial disparities in sentencing that result from the current law are unconscionable."
Under current law, a person convicted of an offense involving possession of crack cocaine gets the same mandatory prison term as someone with 100 times the amount of powder cocaine. This 100-1 ratio meant that persons received far longer sentences for crack offenses than for powder cocaine offenses involving the same quantity of drugs.
In 2008, the average sentence for federal crack cocaine drug offenders was 114.5 months, compared with an average sentence of 91 months for federal powder cocaine offenders. The new legislation reduces the ratio to 18-to-1. The act will also eliminate the current mandatory minimum five-year sentence for simple possession of crack cocaine, which is the only federal mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of a drug, even by a first-time offender.
Blacks have constituted the preponderance of federal crack cocaine offenders since the 100-1 differential was enacted, despite the fact that more whites used crack. In Fiscal Year 2008, 79.8 percent of federal defendants sentenced for crack cocaine offenses were black. But, according to federal drug use surveys, 27 percent of crack cocaine users were black and 65 percent were white. The disproportionate number of black drug offenders sentenced for crack cocaine offenses helps explain the far longer average sentence lengths for all black federal drug offenders: 111.5 months compared to 73.5 months.
When Congress enacted the current cocaine sentencing laws in 1986 and 1988, it was responding to extensive public concern that that crack was uniquely addictive, inherently caused violence, and, among other dire effects, yielded "crack babies." Time and science, however, demonstrated that most of the assertions about the differences between crack and powder cocaine were exaggerated, false, or simply not supported by sound evidence, Human Rights Watch said.
With the nation suffering economically, the costs of long prison sentences for low level nonviolent crack cocaine drug offenses are even harder to justify, Human Rights Watch said.
"Congress has finally listened to reason and its conscience," Fellner said. "Public safety is weakened when disproportionate crack sentences undermine faith among all races in the fairness and common sense of the criminal justice system."
Decades of Disparity Punishment and Prejudice: Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs Targeting Blacks
US Poverty and Economic Inequality
Drugs and Human Rights
Source URL: https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/07/28/us-end-sight-infamous-crack-cocaine-laws


Present at the Microsoft TechDays 2013 at the Palais des Congrès, Ikoula was a resounding success with several thousand visitors at its stand and fish Ikoula sailing across the living room (4 000 fish and bags were distributed).
We wanted to thank all the 'Geeks' who came to us visit Clara Guénand, Maxime Lecourtois, and on our stand and all those who attended our presentations produced, given by the members of our team Raj Belouizdad, Yann flour, our CEO Jules-Henri Gavetti.
You were numerous to follow our news via our Youtube channel and our son Twitter Ikoula, Twitter. A thought for our faithful Twittos @MzermaAmine, @thehrisworld, @ManuSs8World, @WSi8ERanivo.
This event was the opportunity to share with you our expertise and the latest innovations in web hosting, virtualization, online storage and messaging and Collaboration. Our products appeal to you and we do our best to offer you solutions always at the forefront of technology with demonstrations designed to to best facilitate you the understanding and use.
Meetings-rich event ended in beauty on 14 February, with a visit to Xavier Bertrand, former Minister of labour, employment and health.
How can I protect against WannaCry?


We are a fisherman-led organization working at the intersection of marine conservation and social, environmental, economic, and food justice. We focus on shifting seafood markets and policies while building community. The recent elections in the US have created an atmosphere of uncertainty. Even before the results, we were concerned the two candidates' platforms represented the two polarized views we often hear about in fisheries: total privatization vs. total anarchy. We believe there are other options to explore, and within that range lays the movement we have been cultivating.
That's why our work is more important than ever. We will tap into our founding values to nurture a network - in person and in the virtual world - where we can bridge whatever gaps may be present and develop strategies for unity, love, care, and humanity as we build a movement toward equitable and ecologically responsible fisheries.
At NAMA, we are committed to serving our mission regardless of who is in office. But we have to acknowledge that today there are those amongst us living and working in fishing communities who feel they are under siege because of the color of their skin, their religion, ethnicity, clothing, language, nationality, gender, culture, sexual orientation, and more.
We will work to tap into our humanity to offer safe haven to anyone feeling anxious about the state of the world and effectively create a safe space for diverse voices to be heard and a common approach developed that helps us achieve our collective mission by simply tapping into the strength of our individual characters and values.


text:
NAT BLOG
READ OUR STAFF BLOGS ON TOPICS IN HIV.
Empowering a new generation: HIV and young gay men
It has been thirty years since the HIV virus was discovered, and despite great progress, more people are contracting HIV in the UK than ever before. In addition, as was true at the start of the epidemic, it is still gay men who are disproportionately affected. Worryingly, diagnoses among young gay men have doubled in 10 years. The lack of progress in reducing HIV transmissions is unacceptable, and urgently requires renewed leadership from local and national government.
Improved HIV education in schools is the obvious starting point. There's no innate sixth sense which enables you to see the logic in using a condom, or to understand the risks involved if you do not. We urgently need better sex and relationship education (SRE) for all young people, which dispels assumptions, myths and misconceptions about HIV, and empowers young people to take control of their sexual health and wellbeing. Basic HIV education alone will only achieve so much. We must also do more to support the 'whole person' and understand the relevance of other factors which can affect your ability to stay HIV negative.
For some, sex just feels better without condoms. We need to educate young people about the risks involved in having sex without condoms, without alienating or stigmatising those who choose to do it without. We should be talking more about pleasure (the primary reason why most people have sex and a common reason as to why people ditch condoms) and emphasising that using condoms or engaging in non-penetrative sex can be just as pleasurable.
Others may find it difficult to stay motivated to practice safer sex and make positive choices about their health when feeling rubbish about themselves. We need to do more to tackle poor mental health among young gay men, and reduce the stigma and prejudice which can still be associated with sex between men.
Sometimes, young people may lack the confidence or social skills required to negotiate the kind of sex they want. We need to help young people feel more assured in having conversations about safer sex with sexual partners, and feel more confident in saying 'no' to unwanted sex.
Finally, all these factors can be further complicated if drunk or high. We need to have open and frank discussions with young people about alcohol and drug use and the associated risks, and improve access to services that recognise the link between mental health, drugs and sexual health.
Unfortunately, evidence shows that factors such as poor mental health, and problematic alcohol and drug use are more commonly experienced by gay men. In addition, evidence continues to suggest a link between homophobic bullying and subsequent negative health outcomes.
Schools must do more to recognise these links and play a bigger role in helping to reduce health inequalities seen among gay men. SRE and the wider role of schools should be acknowledged within national and local HIV prevention programmes, and recommendations for schools should be included in the final Public Health England framework for promoting the health and wellbeing of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.
Recommendations could cover issues such as challenging homophobia, providing better pastoral support for gay pupils, signposting to relevant services, and ensuring a more inclusive sex and relationships education environment.
We will continue to campaign on these issues, and this summer we will be supporting the Sex Education Forum's (SEF) new campaign to make SRE statutory in English schools - 'Sex education - it's my right'. The current non-compulsory status of SRE is failing to support the health and wellbeing of too many young people, and we consider this a violation of the most basic of rights.
Sep 7, 2016 By hugo


text:
Home / News and Media / inSight
Cross-border Trade Finance
(Translation)
Mr Norman Chan, Chief Executive of the HKMA, announced in September that seven new initiatives will be launched to prepare Hong Kong to move into a new era of Smart Banking. Work pertaining to these initiatives is in full swing and we have some good news in respect of cross-border collaboration to share with readers. The HKMA and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) exchanged a Memorandum of Understanding today on a joint development of the Global Trade Connectivity Network (GTCN), a cross-border financial infrastructure platform based on distributed ledger technology (DLT). Ronnie interviewed Mr Howard Lee, Senior Executive Director of the HKMA to learn about the background for the building of GTCN, its operation and the benefits it would bring about.
Ronnie:
Howard, I learn that there is a story behind the cooperation between the HKMA and MAS.
Somehow, it makes one think of the saying "great minds think alike". Together with a consortium of five banks in Hong Kong, the HKMA conducted a proof-of-concept (PoC) project on the use of DLT to build a trade finance platform in Hong Kong last year. We touched on this project during a dialogue with MAS this year and found out that they were also developing a similar platform. That was how the idea of linking the two platforms was conceived and an agreement between the two authorities was reached.
Both Hong Kong and Singapore are international financial centres in Asia and so it is just natural that the two cities would come up with similar ideas. After all, there are many different kinds of financial services that DLT could be applied to, why did both cities use DLT to build the interface between their trade finance platforms?
Although many kinds of financial services have been digitalised, the processes of trade finance are still largely paper-based and labour-intensive. DLT can bring about a completely new record-keeping method that is different from the traditional one which requires the setting up of a centralised database. With DLT, all participants will have their own database and whenever a participant makes an update, a copy of the update will be made and saved to the records of all participants. The data is encrypted in the process and once recorded, it is immutable.1 These features are particularly suitable for enhancing trade finance processes. Of course, as DLT is something new, initially the PoC participants were unsure about whether the DLT would work in a commercial environment. However, the success of the PoC prototypes is indeed very encouraging, and has given us more confidence in the platform.
I have heard that in the past, some commercial entities had also tried to digitalise trade finance processes but their efforts were in vain.
Trade finance involves many stakeholders, including buyers and sellers, and their respective banks, shipping companies and government authorities. Because of their cross-border and cross-industry nature, commercial entities in general lack the required capability and credibility to co-ordinate digitalisation efforts. On the other hand, as we are now spearheading this project, there has been a lot of encouraging feedback from banks and trading companies. They believe that the HKMA, acting as a go-between, helps to draw in various stakeholders to the platform and enhance its coverage. Compared to the past attempts where only partial digitalisation was possible, this platform is indeed a breakthrough, which is made possible by fintech by overcoming geographical boundaries.
I understand that the DLT trade finance platform has four revolutionary features: (1) digitalisation of trade documents, (2) automation of processes, (3) sharing of required documentation and data among participants, and (4) reduction on risks of human errors and frauds. Can you give us more details?
Nowadays when seeking trade finance from banks, borrowers have to present various supporting documents, such as customer orders and invoices. As many invoices are still paper-based, they cannot be transferred easily and are prone to clerical errors. Besides, the lack of trade finance information sharing among banks has led to exploitation by fraudsters in obtaining multiple financing from banks with one single invoice. To avoid falling victim to these ploys, banks would simply pass over some business opportunities. This affects small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) most. The soon-to-be launched DLT trade finance platform will enable auto-verification of trade documents and real-time updates to all counterparties. This will enhance the transparency of loan information and any fraudulent documents could be detected easily. This would considerably reduce the risk of frauds and help enhance banks' willingness to engage in trade finance business. Banks would also be able to introduce more non-conventional trade finance products to catch the latest market trend, which can particularly improve the working capital of SMEs.
According to a report by the World Trade Organisation, total global trade was US$16 trillion last year, of which 80% to 90% required trade finance. In reality, however, only US$4 trillion worth of global trade was financed, leaving a huge financing gap.
Indeed. When the interconnection of trade finance platforms between Hong Kong and Singapore is in place, we hope to play an exemplary role and encourage other trading partners to participate, so that the benefits of the DLT trade finance platform can be spread far and wide. I believe that as more companies gain access to trade finance, global trade volume will naturally grow, bringing real economic benefits. As such, this cross-border platform will adopt an open architecture which can accommodate different types of digitalised trading standards and connect trading partners from around the globe with DLT.
I understand this is the first cross-border open trade finance platform in the world that is spearheaded by government authorities. It is also a DLT trade finance platform with the largest number of participating banks worldwide. When will it be launched?
Our next step is to start the preparatory work including tendering, system development, testing, etc. We expect to formally bring the whole platform to the market in 2019.
1. Blockchains and Mah-jong Playing (《區塊鏈與打麻將》), R&M Column (Chinese version only)
A New Trend for Fintech - Cross-border Payment
What's Next in Our Fintech Journey (Chinese version)
Backing up SMEs through Multi-pronged Measures
Bond Connect – a Brief Review and the Journey Ahead
Capturing New Opportunities with Well-established Rules and Regulations
Last revision date : 16 November 2017


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text:
Weekly Points
ANEZ LEAGUE Est. 2017
NFL Playoffs League - FFL: Preseason | NFL: Week 1
Police find missing former NFL running back Rod Smart safe
Wed Jun 19 1:49pm ET
Former NFL running back Rod Smart has been found safe after missing for the last six days, according to Lancaster County police in South Carolina.
Smart, who earned notoriety when he wore ''He Hate Me'' on the back of his XFL jersey in 2001, ''has been located and he is safe at this time,'' the Lancaster County Sheriff's Office posted on its Facebook page Tuesday night.
Earlier in the day police had asked the public for help in finding Smart after he did not get in touch with anyone and hadn't been seen in six days.
The 42-year-old Smart played for the Eagles and Panthers during his five-year NFL career.
Lawsuit over no-call can proceed vs. NFL
Raiders add WR Pierson-El, cut Blacknall
Haynesworth on to outpatient treatment
Broncos LB Davis injures leg at camp
Broncos out to forge new identity
Falcons extend LB Jones 4 years, $57M
Broncos clear Sanders, Lindsay for camp
Cardinals cut OT Harrison after arrest
Vikings backup RB Thomas gets 3-game ban
Falcons give DT Jarrett 4-year extension
49ers sign K Gould to 4-year contract
Raiders sign free agent G Cooper
QB Smith out of brace from grisly injury
Giants S Moore punched, stepped on woman
Bengals G Boling retires after 8 seasons
Titans LB-DL Morgan says he's retiring
NFL opens football academy in London
Caldwell to take leave for health issue
Man charged in shooting of draft pick
Officials preparing for replay increases
The Paur Report
Early ADP Trends
Champions Draft Owner Comments
Drafting Todd Gurley
Running Back Strength of Schedule
Tight End Strength of Schedule
Receiver Strength of Schedule
The Fantasy Championship increases Grand Prize
LeSean McCoy Jul 18 7:30pm ET
Buffalo Bills general manager Brandon Beane had encouraging words to say about LeSean McCoy to beat reporters. "Were focused on this year," Beane said. "Thats what we have him under contract for, and I definitely think hes got enough left in the tank to help us in 2019. McCoy is 31 years old and entering a contract season. His 3.2 yards per carry last year was a career-worst mark, but the Bills have added some offensive line help as well as more reliable backups in Frank Gore and T.J. Yeldon. Don't reach for McCoy on draft day, but there's some sneaky value in McCoy if he falls in your draft. As of now, he stands to receive a good amount of carries in what should be an improved Buffalo offense.
Randy Gregory Jul 18 6:50pm ET
Dallas Cowboys defensive end Randy Gregory will reportedly apply for reinstatement this week. Gregory recorded six sacks last season, playing in 16 games including playoff games. He was suspended in February for violating the NFL's substance-abuse policy. It seems that Dallas feels Gregory at least has a good chance at being reinstated however, as the team signed him to a one-year extension in April. For now, the talented defensive lineman is suspended "indefinitely" but no one knows what that means in the NFL's discipline department.
Jalen Mills Jul 18 6:50pm ET
Philadelphia Eagles cornerback Jalen Mills (foot) is unlikely to be ready to go for the start of training camp. Mills was placed on injured reserve in October after suffering a foot injury and did not participate in any of the offseason program. Reports state that Mills was not even on the field working with the other injured Eagles players. It's unknown for now if Mills is expected to be ready for Week 1, but he'd need to get a lot of work in soon for that to be a realistic possibility. The Eagles may have some depth chart issues in their secondary if some of their guys don't heal quickly.
Philadelphia Eagles cornerback Avonte Maddox could have a bigger role in the defensive secondary this season. He played very well in his rookie season last year and reports stated he was "one of the best players on the field" throughout the Eagles offseason program. Ronald Darby and Jalen Mills seem to be atop the depth chart, but both have legitimate injury concerns which could open up a starting role for Maddox. Even if both guys are healthy, Maddox has looked good enough to earn some time in base packages besides playing his role as slot corner.
Deebo Samuel Jul 18 2:40pm ET
Approaching training camp, the San Francisco 49ers first two picks of 2019 remain unsigned. Defensive end Nick Bosa, the second overall pick, and wide receiver Deebo Samuel represent two of the eight total 2019 NFL draftees that have not reached a deal. Bosa, who many experts expect to make an immediate impact, could lift the Niners defense from its 28th-ranked fantasy DST. More worrisome is Samuel, who will miss valuable reps with quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo if hes unable to report to camp on time. With a crowded receiving corps, the rookie could conceivable sink on the depth chart, severely negating any redraft value he currently possesses.
Jalen Mills Jul 18 10:43am ET
Philadelphia Eagles CB Jalen Mills (foot) is unlikely to be ready when training camp opens.
Sidney Jones Jul 18 10:43am ET
Philadelphia Eagles CB Sidney Jones could wind up being trade bait for a team that is patient as Jones develops in the weight room.
Damon Harrison Jul 18 9:03am ET
Detroit Lions CB Darius Slay and DT Damon Harrison's agent, Drew Rosenhaus, will meet with the Lions this week to discuss contract extensions for both players.
Matt Judon Jul 18 8:40am ET
Baltimore Ravens linebacker Matt Judon said this week that his representatives have opened contract extension talks with the team. He is entering the final season of a four-year, $2.595 million rookie deal, and he can be an unrestricted free agent after the 2019 season. Judon has registered 131 total tackles with 19 sacks, three forced fumbles and seven passes defensed in three NFL seasons, and he has 15 sacks over the past two campaigns. He is a key member of a Ravens defense which will be a Top 5 fantasy DST again this season.
Miles Boykin Jul 18 8:20am ET
The Baltimore Ravens signed rookie wide receiver Miles Boykin to a four-year contract this week. Boykin signed his four-year rookie deal, the team announced on Wednesday, and the club now has all of its rookies signed just in time for them to report to training camp. Boykin, a third-round pick out of Notre Dame, missed time during offseason training activities (OTAs) due to a hamstring injury. He will be jockeying with Willie Snead, Seth Roberts and Chris Moore for a meaningful role in the Baltimore offense to start.
Luke Stocker Jul 18 8:10am ET
The Atlanta Falcons brought in free-agent tight ends Logan Paulsen and Luke Stocker during the offseason to provide depth behind Austin Hooper, who is in a contract year. Stocker, who signed a two-year, $5.5 million deal in the offseason, received a $1.5 million signing bonus. He might also see some time at fullback in addition to tight end, but neither is expected to move the needle in terms of fantasy appeal unless disaster strikes Hooper. TE Jaeden Graham has also seen some time at fullback during offseason practices.
Eric Saubert Jul 18 8:10am ET
Atlanta Falcons tight end Eric Saubert was one of the team's three players at the position in 2018, but team re-signed Logan Paulsen while adding Luke Stocker in free agency. And Austin Hooper is the unquestioned starter and one of the more productive tight ends in the NFC. Saubert might be the odd-man out heading into training camp and the preseason unless they elect to keep four tight ends on the 53-man roster. Either way, Saubert isn't someone to bother with in fantasy football.
Austin Hooper Jul 18 8:00am ET
Atlanta Falcons head coach Dan Quinn feels tight end Austin Hooper might be primed and ready to step up his play in 2019. Hooper, who is in a contract year, posted career highs across the board with 71 grabs, 660 yards and four touchdown in 2018 while being targeted 88 times. "Now, he's ready to go to another level, and I'm looking forward to seeing him make that growth," Quinn said. "The addition of having (tight ends coach Mike Mularkey) here, he's done everything that Mike has asked in terms of getting him ready." Hooper is worth targeting as a low-end TE1 in most fantasy leagues heading into 2019.
Grady Jarrett Jul 18 7:50am ET
The Atlanta Falcons and middle linebacker Deion Jones have agreed to a four-year contract extension worth $57 million, with $28.5 million guaranteed. The deal comes on the heels of a long-term pact with defensive tackle Grady Jarrett, who inked a four-year, $68 million deal earlier in the week. Jones bounced back to record 53 tackles in six games after suffering a broken foot in the regular-season opener. While the Falcons have some key components on their defense locked up for the long haul, they're still nothing more than a streamer DST in most fantasy formats heading into 2019.
Atlanta Falcons TE Eric Saubert could be released if the team elects to carry just three tight ends on its 53-man roster, in the opinion of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution's D. Orlando Ledbetter.
Zach Zenner Jul 18 2:43am ET
Detroit Lions RB Zach Zenner could challenge veteran RB C.J. Anderson for the No. 2 spot behind RB Kerryon Johnson, in the opinion of The Detroit News' Justin Rogers, who notes that Zenner's north-south running style is a good fit for the team's blocking scheme.
Fantasy Spin: At this point, Johnson is the only sure thing in the Lions backfield, so you'll need to keep an eye on the preseason to see how Anderson, Zenner and Theo Riddick slot in behind him to see if anyone other than Johnson warrants a selection in fantasy drafts.
Derrick Henry Jul 18 12:00am ET
Tennessee Titans running back Derrick Henry finished the 2018 season on a tear, rushing for 625 yards and eight touchdowns in the month of December alone. New Titans offensive coordinator Arthur Smith has stated that he plans to "ride" Henry going forward, but perhaps expectations should be tempered. While the Titans did improve their offensive line through free agency and the draft this offseason, Henry's involvement should remain game-script sensitive with receiving back Dion Lewis still in Tennessee. Henry is likely going to win you some matchups this season with his big play ability and touchdown upside, but he is also likely to lose you some weeks should the Titans fall behind early, making Henry a risky pick in the late second or early third rounds of fantasy drafts.
Cameron Brate Jul 17 10:13pm ET
Tampa Bay Buccaneers TE Cameron Brate could see 60 targets in 2019 while working as the backup to starter O.J. Howard, according to Taylor Jenkins of PewterReport.com.
Fantasy Spin: Jenkins projected just 45 targets for RB Peyton Barber, leaving extra work in the passing game for Brate. The 28-year-old has been a reliable red-zone threat over the past four years, but the chance for more catches and yards could make him a more reliable option in fantasy leagues. He's best left to the waiver wire, but he'll be worth starting as a bye-week replacement.
Peyton Barber Jul 17 10:03pm ET
Tampa Bay Buccaneers RB Peyton Barber will receive close to 45 targets in 2019, according to Taylor Jenkins of PewterReport.com.
Fantasy Spin: Jenkins projects Barber to be the every-down back for the Bucs this season. The 25-year-old caught 20 of 29 targets while starting all 16 games last year, but he went for just 92 yards and one touchdown through the air. He's an adequate RB3 play in standard leagues if he's able to hold off Ronald Jones II in training camp, but Jones has the higher upside.
Deion Jones Jul 17 5:43pm ET
Atlanta Falcons LB Deion Jones agreed to terms on four-year contract extension with the Falcons Wednesday, July 17, worth $57 million. The deal includes $34 million in guaranteed money.
RealTime Fantasy Sports
https://www.rtsports.com/fantasy-football-league/208540


text:
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe "user_menus/index.html.erb", type: :view do
  pending "add some examples to (or delete) #{__FILE__}"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Srinagar: housands of tourists who were caught up in the turmoil in the Kashmir Valley have left, dealing huge blows to the tourism industry. But some of the tourists said they will be back. On Saturday, the ninth day of unrest in the valley following the killing of militant commander Burhan Wani, the otherwise busy markets and roads in the Dal Lake area were devoid of people. Shikaras or Kashmir's houseboats are parked on the banks.
Hotels which otherwise are full during this time of the year — the peak tourist season — are devoid of guests. The hotels on the boulevard that otherwise remain full during this time of the year – the peak tourist season – are without guests. The tourists who were here when the troubles began have left the Kashmir Valley, many without touring resorts like Gulmarg, Pahalgam and other cites.
"Most tourists have left by now," moans Mehmood Shah, Director of the Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Department. "The hotels are vacant. More than 90 per cent tourists have left. There are no incoming tourists as well. We made arrangements for those who were stranded here," Shah told IANS. In Srinagar, where major areas are under curfew, the tourism sector has been hit hard. "This is the best time of our business. We have no hope of making any profit now.
We have cancelled at least 30-35 bookings till August," Sarmad Khan, a hotelier, told IANS. "Many who were here left even without seeing any other place. This is a big loss to the industry," he added. As the violence sparked by Wani's killing escalated, tourists were seen rushing to the Sheikh-Ul-Alam International Airport here to catch flights. Some tourists can, however, still be seen strolling in the parks around the Dal Lake.
"We were stranded for four days. We came to Srinagar on Tuesday as we had bookings. We took the risk and came," said one tourist to IANS. Another tourist volunteered: "We did not see anything but curfew as well as violence. That's why we are leaving." Shopkeeper Mohammad Ashraf said that July-September were the best time for anyone to visit the Kashmir Valley because of favourable weather.
"It is very sad that we lost many people during last six days. How can we open our shops when our own children are dying?" Ashraf said. Surprisingly, the tourists are not taking back only bad memories: curfews, shutdowns and violence. "The best part about the last six days has been the way locals treated us here," Arun Chatterjee from Kolkata told IANS. "My family and I were on a houseboat with locals.


The RS 5 Coupé was designed to incorporate the motorsport details of the Audi 90 quattro IMSA GTO: massive air intakes with typical RS honeycomb structure, a wider and lower single-frame grille that emphasise the broad wheel arches through the curvature.
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Perhaps a man who was lost in the oblivion of economic and societal transformations, Herm Albright continues to motivate and inspire with his famous quotes. A great admirer of positive attitude, Herm Albright throughout his life stressed on the importance of positive attitude to achieve success and glories. Very little is known about the personal life of this man. There are numerous Herm Albright quotations that continue to illuminate and motivate the generations towards positive thinking and perseverance.