text:
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import collections
from operator import itemgetter

import pytest

from appr.exception import (ChannelNotFound, Forbidden, InvalidRelease, PackageAlreadyExists,
                            PackageNotFound, PackageReleaseNotFound, InvalidUsage)

def convert_utf8(data):
    if isinstance(data, basestring):
        return str(data)
    elif isinstance(data, collections.Mapping):
        return dict(map(convert_utf8, data.iteritems()))
    elif isinstance(data, collections.Iterable):
        return type(data)(map(convert_utf8, data))
    else:
        return data

@pytest.mark.models
class TestModels:
    from appr.models.kv.filesystem.db import ApprDB
    DB_CLASS = ApprDB

    @pytest.fixture()
    def db(self):
        return self.DB_CLASS

    def test_package_init(self, db_class):
        p = db_class.Package("titi/toot", '1.2.0', 'helm')
        assert p.name == "toot"
        assert p.namespace == "titi"
        assert p.release == "1.2.0"
        assert p.package == "titi/toot"

    def test_package_set_blob(self, db_class, package_b64blob):
        p = db_class.Package("titi/toot", '1.2.0', 'helm', None)
        assert p._data is None
        p.blob = db_class.Blob("titi/rocketchat", package_b64blob)
        assert p.blob.b64blob == package_b64blob
        assert p.data['content'][
            'digest'] == "8dc8a2c479f770fd710e0dddaa7af0e6b495bc6375cdf2b4a649f4c2b03e27d5"
        assert p.blob.digest == "8dc8a2c479f770fd710e0dddaa7af0e6b495bc6375cdf2b4a649f4c2b03e27d5"

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_db_restore(self, newdb, dbdata1):
        assert newdb.Package.dump_all(newdb.Blob) == []
        assert newdb.Channel.dump_all(newdb.Blob) == []
        newdb.restore_backup(dbdata1)
        dump = newdb.Package.dump_all(newdb.Blob)
        sorting = itemgetter('package', "mediaType", "release")
        dump = convert_utf8(dump)
        expected_packages = convert_utf8(dbdata1['packages'])
        for x in xrange(len(expected_packages)):
            dump[x].pop("created_at")
            expected_packages[x].pop("created_at")

        assert sorted(dump, key=sorting) == sorted(expected_packages, key=sorting)
        assert sorted(newdb.Channel.dump_all(newdb.Blob)) == sorted(dbdata1['channels'])

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_default_package_media_type(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", 'default', 'kpm')
        assert p.package == "titi/rocketchat"

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_default_package(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", 'default', '-')
        assert p.package == "titi/rocketchat"
        assert p.media_type == "kpm"

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_release_query(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", ">1.2", 'kpm')
        assert p.package == "titi/rocketchat"
        assert p.release == "2.0.1"
        assert p.digest == "d3b54b7912fe770a61b59ab612a442eac52a8a5d8d05dbe92bf8f212d68aaa80"
        assert p.media_type == "kpm"

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_detect_format(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", ">1.2", '-')
        assert p.package == "titi/rocketchat"
        assert p.release == "2.0.1"
        assert p.media_type == "kpm"
        assert p.digest == "d3b54b7912fe770a61b59ab612a442eac52a8a5d8d05dbe92bf8f212d68aaa80"

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_blob(self, db_with_data1):
        blob = db_with_data1.Blob.get(
            "titi/rocketchat", "d3b54b7912fe770a61b59ab612a442eac52a8a5d8d05dbe92bf8f212d68aaa80")
        assert blob.digest == "d3b54b7912fe770a61b59ab612a442eac52a8a5d8d05dbe92bf8f212d68aaa80"
        assert blob.size == 778L

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_absent_manifest(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(PackageNotFound):
            db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", ">1.2", 'bad')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_absent_release(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(PackageReleaseNotFound):
            db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", "2.0.2", 'kpm')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_bad_release_query(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(InvalidRelease):
            db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", "abc", 'kpm')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_pull_package_absent_release(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(PackageReleaseNotFound):
            p = db_with_data1.Package("titi/rocketchat", '4.3.0', 'kpm')
            p.pull()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_save_package_bad_release(self, newdb):
        assert newdb.Package.all() == []
        with pytest.raises(InvalidRelease):
            p = newdb.Package("titi/rocketchat", 'abc', 'kpm')
            p.save()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_save_package(self, newdb, package_b64blob):
        assert newdb.Package.all() == []
        blob = newdb.Blob("titi/rocketchat", package_b64blob)
        p = newdb.Package("titi/rocketchat", '2.3.4', 'kpm', blob)
        p.save()
        fetchpackage = newdb.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '2.3.4', 'kpm')
        assert fetchpackage.digest == "8dc8a2c479f770fd710e0dddaa7af0e6b495bc6375cdf2b4a649f4c2b03e27d5"
        assert newdb.Blob.get('titi/rocketchat',
                              fetchpackage.digest).size == fetchpackage.blob_size

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_save_package_exists(self, newdb, package_b64blob):
        assert newdb.Package.all() == []
        blob = newdb.Blob("titi/rocketchat", package_b64blob)
        p = newdb.Package("titi/rocketchat", '2.3.4', 'kpm', blob)
        p.save()
        assert newdb.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", "2.3.4", "kpm") is not None
        with pytest.raises(PackageAlreadyExists):
            p.save()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_save_package_exists_force(self, newdb, package_b64blob):
        assert newdb.Package.all() == []
        blob = newdb.Blob("titi/rocketchat", package_b64blob)
        p = newdb.Package("titi/rocketchat", '2.3.4', 'kpm', blob)
        p.save()
        p.save(True)

    # @TODO store deleted releases
    @pytest.mark.integration
    @pytest.mark.xfail
    def test_save_package_deleted(self, newdb, package_b64blob):
        assert newdb.Package.all() == []
        blob = newdb.Blob("titi/rocketchat", package_b64blob)
        p = newdb.Package("titi/rocketchat", '2.3.4', 'kpm', blob)
        p.save()
        newdb.Package.delete("titi/rocketchat", '2.3.4', 'kpm')
        with pytest.raises(PackageAlreadyExists):
            p.save()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_list_package_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", "default", "kpm")
        assert sorted(p.releases()) == sorted(['0.0.1', '1.0.1', '2.0.1'])

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_list_package_media_types(self, db_with_data1):
        assert sorted(db_with_data1.Package.manifests("titi/rocketchat", "0.0.1")) == [
            'helm', 'kpm']

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_package_multi_media_type(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(InvalidUsage):
            db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", "0.0.1", "-")

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_list_package_channels(self, db_with_data1):
        p = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", '2.0.1', "kpm")
        assert p.channels(db_with_data1.Channel) == ['stable']
        p2 = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", '1.0.1', "kpm")
        assert sorted(p2.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)) == sorted(['dev'])
        assert sorted(p2.channels(db_with_data1.Channel, iscurrent=False)) == sorted([
            'dev', 'stable'])
        p3 = db_with_data1.Package.get("titi/rocketchat", '0.0.1', "kpm")
        assert sorted(p3.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)) == sorted([])

    def test_forbiddeb_db_reset(self, db_class):
        with pytest.raises(Forbidden):
            db_class.reset_db()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_all_channels(self, db_with_data1):
        channels = [c.name for c in db_with_data1.Channel.all('titi/rocketchat')]
        assert sorted(channels) == sorted([u'dev', u'stable'])

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_all_channels_absent_package(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(PackageNotFound):
            db_with_data1.Channel.all('titi/doesntexists')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_all_channels_no_data(self, newdb):
        with pytest.raises(PackageNotFound):
            newdb.Channel.all('titi/doesntexists')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted([u'1.0.1', u'2.0.1'])

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_no_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('default', 'titi/rocketchat')
        with pytest.raises(ChannelNotFound):
            channel.releases()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_add_release(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('default', 'titi/rocketchat')
        package = db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '1.0.1', "kpm")
        with pytest.raises(ChannelNotFound):
            channel.releases()
        assert 'default' not in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)
        channel.add_release('1.0.1', db_with_data1.Package)
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted(['1.0.1'])
        assert "default" in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_add_release_new_channel(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('newone', 'titi/rocketchat')
        assert channel.exists() is False
        package = db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '1.0.1', "kpm")
        assert 'newone' not in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)
        channel.add_release('1.0.1', db_with_data1.Package)
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted(['1.0.1'])
        assert "newone" in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)
        assert channel.exists() is True

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_delete_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        package = db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '2.0.1', "kpm")
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted([u'1.0.1', u'2.0.1'])
        assert 'stable' in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)
        assert channel.current == "2.0.1"
        channel.remove_release('2.0.1')
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted(['1.0.1'])
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        assert channel.current is not None
        assert "stable" not in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_delete_all_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('dev', 'titi/rocketchat')
        package = db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '1.0.1', "kpm")
        assert sorted(channel.releases()) == sorted([u'1.0.1'])
        assert 'dev' in package.channels(db_with_data1.Channel)
        assert channel.current == "1.0.1"
        channel.remove_release('1.0.1')
        with pytest.raises(ChannelNotFound):
            channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('dev', 'titi/rocketchat')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_delete_absent_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('new', 'titi/rocketchat')
        with pytest.raises(ChannelNotFound):
            channel.remove_release('1.0.1')

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_add_bad_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '1.0.1', "kpm")
        with pytest.raises(InvalidRelease):
            channel.add_release('1.a.1', db_with_data1.Package)

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_add_absent_releases(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        db_with_data1.Package.get('titi/rocketchat', '1.0.1', "kpm")
        with pytest.raises(PackageReleaseNotFound):
            channel.add_release('1.4.1', db_with_data1.Package)

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_create_channel_absent_package(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel('newone', 'titi/doest')
        with pytest.raises(PackageNotFound):
            channel.save()

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_channel_current_release(self, db_with_data1):
        channel = db_with_data1.Channel.get('stable', 'titi/rocketchat')
        assert channel.current_release() == '2.0.1'

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_get_channel_absent(self, db_with_data1):
        with pytest.raises(ChannelNotFound):
            db_with_data1.Channel.get('stableh', 'titi/rocketchat')

    # @todo better all test
    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_list_all_package(self, db_with_data1):
        result = sorted(db_with_data1.Package.all())
        assert len(result) == 1

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_search_empty_package(self, db_with_data1):
        assert db_with_data1.Package.search('fdsf') == []

    @pytest.mark.integration
    def test_search_package(self, db_with_data1):
        assert db_with_data1.Package.search('rocket') == ['titi/rocketchat']

ApprTestModels = TestModels


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This seminar will provide a brief overview of how to determine how much savings you need to retire, how to catch up if you are behind in building a nest egg, and some various instruments you can use to grow your nest egg. You will come away better prepared to make simple financial decisions to put your retirement plans on the right track.


HomeHow toDm Verity Verification Failed- An Easy Fix!
Many people who have purchased Samsung Galaxy smartphones have begun facing a strange error in their devices. Previously it was seen that this strange error is occurring in a handful of devices but recently more and more complaints have emerged. What happens in this error is that the Samsung Galaxy smartphones enter into a boot loop and when you boot your device, all you see is the Dm Verity Verification failed error on your display screen. If you are seeing this trouble on your Android device then no need to be bothered by it anymore because in this post we are bringing an easy fix for this annoying trouble.
How to fix Dm Verity verification failed error?
Before we proceed ahead to the fix for the Dm Verity Verification Failed error let's get in order all the pre-requisites you need to arrange for this to work. You will require the following.
A Windows installed PC. You may be able to work out this fix using a Mac device as well but we haven't really tried Mac for this.
Reliable internet access because if you don't have a stable internet network then the time taken for this solution to work will be way too long.
A USB cable for connecting your Android phone to your PC.
You will also need an Odin flash tool which is used as a flash for Samsung phones and you can Download it from here.
USB drivers will also be required for your phone. You can install the Samsung USB drivers from here on your charged PC. When the installation is done, reboot your PC.
You should also download some files but we will get to those in the detailed process described below.
Also Read: Root check Apk to check your phone !
Free Play ps2 Games on your Android phone !
You must complete the downloading process for the Samsung Firmware for your Android device. This is extremely essential and we advise you to fix firmware for your device by visiting this website sammobile.com. If you aren't aware of your model number then you can search it on your device's box.
Then you must put your Samsung Galaxy phone on the Download Mode. In order to do this you must click and keep holding the VolUp + Power + Home key for at least 5 seconds and a warning display will appear. Don't panic, this is normal!
In order to go into the Download mode, you must choose the option that says Continue which can be chosen using the key for VolUp. Tap the VolUp key and your phone will go into Download mode.
In the next step get your phone connected to your PC through the USB cable. You should try using the original Samsung USB cable and stay away from other second hand or copies of cables.
When your device gets detected by your PC, start extracting your firmware from your device and here you must complete the extraction for the Odin zip file as well. This is the firmware which would occupy a big file but it will require a lot of time so you must stay put.
When you are done with this, in the Odin folder you can locate the file under the name for odin3.exe and the moment you launch the Odin file, you will be able to locate your device that has been detected by the firmware previously. If your phone doesn't get detected by Odin, re-install the USB drivers.
Tap on the AP button and choose the file which is saved under the name tar.md5 which would be saved after you have completed the extraction of the firmware. AP file size usually is huge and it would take Odin a few minutes to respond to your command so you shouldn't panic if Odin is displaying the "Not Responding" sign because this is normal.
The ultimate task is to press the "Start" button which will begin the flashing procedure and if you wish to get your device back to normal mode, don't disconnect your device from your PC yet neither should you switch off your PC. If you do this then there will be a disaster waiting to happen.
After a few minutes have elapsed, you will be looking at a PASS status from the Odin Window in green color. This is the moment when you should remove your phone from your PC and reboot it just like a normal device in a normal routine.
What to do when you are stuck at the Samsung Logo?
This section of the post is only for those users who have their devices stuck at the "Samsung" logo and the phone isn't moving ahead even after 15 minutes has elapsed.
Click and keep holding the VolUp + Power + Home keys altogether for at least 5 seconds and your device will reboot into the recovery mode.
This is that mode where you will be able to factory reset your device. Go to the Recovery Mode through the Volume Keys and click the Power Button to choose the option for "Wipe data/Factory Reset" from the displayed options in the list.
This will remove all kinds of kinks and troubles in the firmware.


Lung cancer is a deadly disease that never ends nicely. People die in suffering and it is extremely difficult even for their families. However, it doesn't have to be that way. Scientists from UNSW Sydney revealed that four in five lung cancers are completely preventable through healthy lifestyle. That includes not smoking, boosting fruit intake and being physically active.
This research pooled seven Australian cohort studies of 370,000 people. In other words, it is very broad and its results are respectable. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death both in Australia and worldwide. It causes huge expenditures for healthcare systems, it destroys lives of the families of the patient, it causes suffering and pain. Currently, smoking is the cause for around the half of lung cancer cases. Of course, the best decision is to quit, but this new study showed that the lung cancer risk remained elevated for 40 years after stopping smoking. However, out of the 74,600 lung cancers attributable to current smoking in Australia in the next 10 years 25,400 could be avoided if all current smokers were to quit.
However, quitting smoking is not enough to avoid cancer, even if it is the majority of the battle. This study also showed that eating two serves (about 300 grams) of fruit each day may reduce the lung cancer burden by 8%, and doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity each week may reduce the lung cancer burden by 16%. In fact, situation with fruit and exercising is much worse than with smoking. For example, 16 % of people in Australia are smokers, but 74% are not meeting guidelines for physical activity. 50 % of people are not eating enough fruit, which is strange, because fruit is delicious. But scientists are still pointing their fingers at smoking.
Dr Maarit Laaksonen, one of the authors of the paper, said: "The majority of Australians could benefit from increasing their fruit intake and physical activity. But for those who currently smoke, stopping smoking should be the first course of action". But what are scientists suggesting? They are saying that steps must be two-fold. Population must be very well-informed about the harms of smoking and benefits of not smoking. And then a strong structure must be created to help people who want to quit smoking.
A lot of smokers are admitting that they want to quit but simply cannot, because they return to this bad habit. Doctors can help them replacing the social function of smoking with something else. In fact, even e-cigarettes can be a simple gradual step towards quitting completely.


Divers who prefer single lens masks will love the clean lines of the Visage. A great option for diving and snorkeling, its trim build minimizes internal volume without compromising a naturally open, panoramic feel. The soft silicone skirt rides gently on the face and provides an excellent seal.
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Aqua Lung's innovations in technology and design have advanced the seemingly simple dive mask to the leading edge of performance and comfort.
Advanced Fit Technology (AFT) is Aqua Lung's answer to the demands of a more discerning type of diver. Bands of textured silicone are molded into the edge of the mask skirt, forming a superior seal against the skin that keeps water out yet remains comfortable for extended periods of time. Any water that might enter the mask may be cleared with minimal effort.
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Aqua Lung provides divers of all ages and experience levels with a wide range of dive mask styles.
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A diving mask with a wide-angle view allows you to take in the undersea sights unhindered. Divers may wish for a more focused dive, free of distractions, in which case a low volume mask will be ideal.
Ensure every dive is more memorable than the last. Experience the leading edge with Aqua Lung dive masks.


THE leisure property sector – what with struggling golf course estates going up for auction – certainly does not look a segment where investors are likely to play.
But last month JSE listed Hospitality Property Fund – which specialises in hotel and leisure properties – announced it was at an "advanced stage of negotiations" to buy two flagship Western Cape properties from the Arabella South Africa Holding Limited group of companies.
The properties involved are the five-star Westin Grand Hotel located adjacent to the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC) and the five-star Arabella Western Cape Hotel & Spa (including the Arabella Golf Course as well as 437 hectares of undeveloped land) situated on the Arabella Country Estate near Hermanus. No transaction value was disclosed. But it looks a sizeable transaction as it requires the approval of unitholders, who have been warned that the deal could have a material effect on the price of Hospitality's linked units on the JSE.
Meanwhile things don't seem on par up the road at Pinnacle Point Group's Romansbaai Beach and Fynbos Estate.
This seaside golf course development includes 380 residential erven, a group housing village and the possibility of a retirement village on a 210 hectare piece of land.
According to Pinnacle's latest results construction on phase one of the Romansbaai development has been suspended – pending finalisation of funding.
Pinnacle advised that selling activities would only recommence once funding has been secured.
Other golf estate developments appear to have gone out of bounds. Fin24 reported last month that the Sitari Fields golf estate, which was placed in provisional liquidation in December 2009, will be auctioned off this month.
Sitari comprises a 185 hectare just off the N2 freeway. Initial plans included two hotel sites and golf course.
More ominous are the comments from Auction Alliance CEO Rael Levitt, who believes developments at Sitari reflected the amount of pressure on the leisure property market after sales of erven dried up during the downturn. Levitt expects the development to fetch between R50 million and R60 million on auction.


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text:
Home Civil Unrest
Ethiopia urges Tigray rebels to join ceasefire, hostilities persist
in Civil Unrest, Conflicts / War / Peace, Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, Elections, Elections / Voting, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Insurgencies, International and National Security, Major News, Medical Supplies, Military Conflicts, Mortgage-Backed Markets, Old Africa, Old Health / Medicine, Old Politics, Overseas Development Aid, Politics Expansions, Race Relations / Ethnic Issues, United Nations, Video Available
Member of Amhara Special Forces stands guard along a street in Humera town
By Dawit Endeshaw and Maggie Fick
ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) – Ethiopia's government urged Tigrayan rebels to join a unilateral ceasefire in their conflict on Thursday as aid agencies struggled to reach hundreds of thousands of people facing famine.
The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the former rulers of Ethiopia's Tigray region, said on Monday it was back in control of the regional capital Mekelle after nearly eight months of fighting.
The government declared a unilateral ceasefire but the TPLF dismissed it as a joke. Hostilities persisted on Thursday and pressure built internationally for all sides to pull back.
"Operations are under way … and the number of prisoners of war is increasing by the minute," TPLF spokesman Getachew Reda told Reuters by satellite phone, with light artillery fire crackling in the background.
"We are closing in on both the western and southern parts of our territory and will be measuring our steps so we can fully liberate every square inch of Tigray."
A bridge over the Tekeze River near the northern town of Shire has been destroyed, so getting aid to the region will be "even more severely hampered" than before, the International Rescue Committee said.
"We are deeply concerned regarding the implications this will have for humanitarian access to areas facing dire and life-threatening needs," said Gemma Connell, head of the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs for Southern and Eastern Africa.
Shire and several other towns in Tigray are now controlled by the Tigrayan forces. Government-allied forces from the neighbouring region of Amhara control territory on the other side of the Tekeze River.
"For this (ceasefire)to be fully implemented, as they say, it needs two to tango, so the other side needs to react," Ethiopian foreign ministry spokesman Dina Mufti said.
Mufti said it was not yet clear "how and which way is aid going to enter and what is going to happen with flights."
With electricity and phone and internet lines cut to the region, aid agencies are limited in their ability to reach people in need of food and other services.
Hospitals in Mekelle are running on generators, said Alyona Synenko, a spokesperson for the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The United Nations said in early June at least 350,000 people in Tigray faced famine. The U.S. Agency for International Development last week estimated the number at 900,000.
"It is urgent to get additional staff and supplies into Tigray, restore electricity and telecoms, and ensure that cash and fuel are available throughout the region for the continuity of humanitarian operations," an OCHA spokesperson, Hayat Abu Salah, said.
SATELLITE EQUIPMENT DESTROYED
In Mekelle, the streets were calm on Thursday morning and markets were open for business, Abu Salah said.
Electricity and telecommunications remained down and U.N. offices were relying on limited remaining satellites after Ethiopian soldiers destroyed equipment at the UNICEF office in the city, she said.
On Wednesday, the United Nations was able to conduct assessment missions to several towns now back under TPLF control, she said.
"We are preparing for resumption of aid," Abu Salah said, adding that 5.2 million people were in need of assistance in Tigray.
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed acknowledged government troops had left Mekelle after months of fighting, saying it was because the city was no longer the "centre of gravity for conflicts".
He said Ethiopian forces had left Mekelle to focus on more important security threats. A TPLF spokesman said government troops were forced out.
Abiy has faced mounting international pressure to bring an end to the conflict, which has been punctuated by reports of gang-rapes and mass killings of civilians. At least 12 aid workers have been killed.
Abiy has acknowledged atrocities have occurred.
His government has been battling the TPLF since late last year, when it accused the then-governing party of Tigray of attacking military bases across the region. Thousands have been killed.
Abiy said on Tuesday his government had spent more than 100 billion birr ($2.3 billion) on rehabilitation and food aid for the region, equivalent to 20% of this year's national budget.
Abiy said some of the aid was falling into the hands of the "junta", a reference to the TPLF, and reaching combatants rather than civilians.
U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres said on Monday he hoped a political solution would be possible. The United States and Britain said atrocities should end immediately.
"The violence must now stop and unfettered humanitarian access granted," a spokesman for Britain's Foreign Office said on Thursday. "Eritrean forces should also leave Tigray."
(Reporting by Dawit Endeshaw in Addis Ababa and Maggie Fick in Nairobi; Writing by Nick Macfie; Editing by Andrew Heavens, Angus MacSwan and Timothy Heritage)
Canada Day muted as country reckons with treatment of indigenous, other minorities
El Salvador's Bukele seeks 20% minimum wage hike, orders food handouts
El Salvador's Bukele seeks 20% minimum wage hike, orders food handouts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I happened to be in town when this baby was a newborn. This family was very welcoming and so loving. If I did not have a jam packed day of sessions, I would have stayed all day. I loved how Iker was not even 2 weeks old and he looks 110% like his dad!
I met this family last year when doing their twins' one year old portraits at Boston. The wedding was at a beautiful private residence and I had so much fun being the "fly on the wall" with my lenses during their wedding. It's always an honor to be a part of a wedding because it is a once in a lifetime experience and full of beautiful moments.
Sosie came over for a play date (well, it was more of her mother and I needed the play date) and I was in the mood to do some photographing. Lucky me, Sosie was more than happy to play. Love that girl!
This family was squeezed in between sessions and we managed to get so many amazing photos in 20 minutes. It helps when the family is fun and easy going.
This kid was a feisty little fellow who gave us a run for the money. However, in the end, his cuteness shone and he basically gave us all kinds of expressions, methinks he was fully aware of being photographed. Such a character for a newborn!
A gorgeous home, a beautiful family, and an amazing backyard with a pool to boot. It was a combination of a gem for a lifestyle session.
This session was a special experience that I will never forget. Zayliah is a beautiful girl who was severely brain damaged during birth. This is a story that will forever be embedded in my heart, especially when I am a big advocate of empowered birthing experience and as a birth photographer. The birth story was a traumatic experience for the mother, the little girl and for the entire families involved. This is a case of malpractice where the doctor ignored the mother's pleas to not use forceps. After ignoring the mother's requests, the doctor pulled with such force that the newborn's skull was popped open and permanently damaged Zayliah's life. Zayliah is a child who will not live long due to her brain being the same size since birth. The main goal of this session was to capture the essence of their daily lives and to be able to forever document the beauty of Zayliah and the love her mother has for her.
I absolutely loved this session. The photos will speak for themselves. I also love this family, their mother is dear to my heart, a childhood friend of mine. Her girls embodies what it is to be beautiful from within.
This couple was super sweet and it was a cake getting adorable shots of them. I absolutely loved the dock part because the environment was romantic- a perfect setting.
The parents had a fun idea in mind, to splash their boys without their knowledge at the end of the session. We took our time walking toward the river and took photos here and there. The real fun began when the parents splashed at the boys. I love being able to capture surprised expressions that ends into happiness.


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I wrote this application to calculate the length of the thread needed to hand-stitch your project using the Saddle Stitch.
After you enter the parameters of the seam (thickness of the leather, stitch length and the length of the seam) and press the "Calculate" button, the program will show the length of the thread needed. Once installed, it doesn't require an internet connection. Helps to save thread and makes the hand sewing process easier.
Leathercraft tools for carving and tooling leather.
Comments Off on Leathercraft tools for carving and tooling leather.


text:
The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
Touraj Daryaee, Tūraǧ Daryāyī
Oxford University Press, USA, 16. feb. 2012 - 414 sider
Iranian history has long been a source of fascination for European and American observers. The country's ancient past preoccupied nineteenth-century historians and archaeologists as they attempted to construct a unified understanding of the ancient world. Iran's medieval history has likewise preoccupied scholars who have long recognized the Iranian plateau as a cultural crossroad of the world's great civilizations. In more recent times, Iran has continued to demand the attention of observers when, for example, the revolution of 1978-79 dramatically burst onto the world stage, or more recently, when the Iranian democracy movement has come to once again challenge the status quo of the clerical regime. Iran's dominance in the Middle East has brought it into conflict with the United States and so it is the subject of almost daily coverage from reporters. Sympathetic observers of Iran-students, scholars, policy makers, journalists, and the educated public-tend to be perplexed and confused by this tangled web of historical development. Iran, as it appears to most observers, is a foreboding, menacing, and far away land with a history that is simply too difficult to fathom. The Handbook is a guide to Iran's complex history. The book emphasizes the large-scale continuities of Iranian history while also describing the important patterns of transformation that have characterized Iran's past. Each of the chapters focuses on a specific epoch of Iranian history and surveys the general political, social, cultural, and economic issues of that era. The ancient period begins with chapters considering the anthropological evidence of the prehistoric era, through to the early settled civilizations of the Iranian plateau, and continuing to the rise of the ancient Persian empires. The medieval section first considers the Arab-Muslim conquest of the seventh century, and then moves on to discuss the growing Turkish influence filtering in from Central Asia beginning in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The last third of the book covers Iran in the modern era by considering the rise of the Safavid state and its accompanying policy of centralization and the introduction of Shi'ism, followed by essays on the problems of reform and modernization in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, and finally with a chapter on the revolution of 1978-79 and its aftermath. The book is a collaborative exercise among scholars specializing in a variety of sub-fields, and across a number of disciplines, including history, art history, classics, literature, politics, and linguistics. Here, readers can find a reliable and accessible narrative that can serve as an introduction to the field of Iranian studies. While the number of monographs published within specialized subfields of Iranian history continues to proliferate, there have been, to date, no books that attempt to produce a comprehensive single-volume history of Iranian civilization.
1 The Iranian Plateau from Paleolithic Times to the Rise of the Achaemenid Empire
2 The Elamites
3 Avestan Society
4 The Achaemenid Persian Empire 550330 BCE
5 Iran at the Time of Alexander the Great and the Seleucids
6 The Arsacid Empire
7 The Sasanian Empire 224651 CE
10 The Mongols in Iran
Transition and Flowering in the Fifteenth Century
12 The Safavids in Iranian History 15011722
13 The Afghan Interlude and the Zand and Afshar Dynasties 172295
14 Qajar Iran 17951921
Iranian Modernity in Global Context
16 Iran after Revolution 19792009
Ruling Dynasties of Iran
8 Iran in the Early Islamic Period
9 Medieval Iran
Touraj Daryaee
Howard Baskerville Professor in the History of Iran and the Persianate World Associate Director Dr Samuel M Jordan Center for Persian Studies & Culture Touraj Daryaee
Ingen forhåndsvisning - 2014
Abbas Abbasid Achaemenid administration Ahura Mazdā al-Din Alexander Alexander's Amir Arab Armenia army Arsacid Avesta Azerbaijan battle became British brother caliph Cambridge Central Asia century conquest cultural Cyrus Darius death defeated dynasty early East eastern Elam Elamite elite empire faction forces Gāthās Greek Haoma Hephthalites Herat Iran Iran's Iranian Iraq Isfahan Islamic Isma'il Kawi Khan Khomeini Khorasan Khosrow king lands leader Majles Mesopotamia Middle military minister Mirza Mithradates modern Mohammad Mongol Muslim Nader Old Avesta Ottoman Pahlavi Parthian period Persepolis Persian Persian Empire Phraates political priests Proto-Elamite provinces Qajar Qizilbash reform reign religion religious Reza ritual Roman royal rule ruler Russians sacrifice Safavid Sasanian Seleucid Shah shah's Shapur Shi'i Shi'ism Shimashki Sistan social sources Sufi Susa Susiana Tahmasp Tehran Tepe territory texts throne tion tradition ulema University Press Videvdad Vologases western Yasht Yasna Yazdgerd Zagros Zarathustra Zoroastrian
Touraj Daryaee is Howard C. Baskerville Professor in the History of Iran and the Persianate World and Associate Director of the Dr. Samuel M. Jordan Center for Persian Studies & Culture at the University of California, Irvine. His previous books include Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, winner of the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies book award.
Titel The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
Oxford Handbooks in History
Redaktører Touraj Daryaee, Tūraǧ Daryāyī
Udgiver Oxford University Press, USA, 2012


All Retreats are a total of seven (7) days. All attendees must commit to the full seven (7) days.
All lodging, meals and meetings are paid by National Veterans Wellness and Healing. Transportation to and from the Retreats is the responsibility of the attendees.
This program continues to air on OWN Network and on the Military Channel.
The mission of the Center is to establish an environment that is responsive to the needs of Veterans and their families through alternative modalities.


text:
Q: why MeanFilter is nearly 100 times slower than MovingAverage for 1D array? I used to average over my data with MeanFilter before I learn about MovingAverage and thought that these two functions are similar except that  MeanFilter is more powerful for its ability to deal with 2D data. However,even with 1D data I prefer  MeanFilter because it will not shorten the list which saves my effort for taking care of the length of data list until I found that MeanFilter is surprisingly slow:
for example define the data:
dat = RandomReal[{0, 1}, 2000000];

caculate time consuming:
timeofmoav =
AbsoluteTiming[MovingAverage[dat[[1 ;; #]], 5];] & /@ (2^Range[10, 20])

and
timeofmefi =
AbsoluteTiming[MeanFilter[ dat[[1 ;; #]], 2][[3 ;; -3]];] & /@ (2^Range[10,20])

plot by:
ListLogLogPlot[
Transpose[{2^Range[10, 20], #}] & /@ {timeofmoav[[All, 1]],
timeofmefi[[All, 1]]}, Joined -> True, PlotStyle -> Thick,
PlotRange -> All, Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 500,
FrameTicksStyle -> 15, GridLines -> Automatic,
GridLinesStyle -> Directive[Orange, Dashed],
FrameLabel -> {"dat", "time consumed"}, LabelStyle -> 20,
PlotLegends ->
Placed[LineLegend[{"MovingAverage", "MeanFilter"},
LegendFunction -> "Panel"], {0.2, 0.8}]]

which looks like:

how should MeanFilter be so slow?

A: MeanFilter uses different algorithms (as noted by Simon), and is optimized for images (ability to use on "plain" data is a nice feature here, more so with some of the other image processing functions).
This can be seen by doing :
ImageData[MeanFilter[Image@{dat}, {0, 2}]][[1, 3 ;; -3]]

Resulting in roughly comparable timings and the same result as your example.

A: It is because they use different algorithms.
MeanFilter is one of a family of filters which use Developer`PartitionMap internally. This means that Mathematica is separately computing the mean of each run of 5 elements in your data set.
MovingAverage is based on ListCorrelate which uses a fast FFT method. The documentation states:

MovingAverage[list,wts] is equivalent to ListCorrelate[wts/Total[wts],list]. »

and in fact this is essentially the code used internally.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Automatic gain control circuit with dc offset I have a circuit that takes a sine wave amplifies it a little bit but also adds a DC offset of 1.5V. It works perfectly no matter the input volume. Now that I am reworking everything it would be nice to be able to add an AGC circuit as well so no matter what input device the audio is from, the output will always be the same. Here is my current circuit:

It uses OPA197's as the op-amps.
To add an AGC circuit to this I think there is a lot of ways to do it. Probably the best one is to just have a normal AGC circuit and amplifier first, and then use an op-amp or even just a voltage divider to add a DC offset.
The issue I have is how to make an AGC circuit. There are many schematics online but I find there's 2 main issues with them. They usually don't provide equations to work out the values of the components or they use a dual supply, which I'm not using in my circuit.
This is one I found and it's nice and simple:

But if you go to the actual site then there doesn't seem to be any equations there. Or much at all to be honest.
The way I would like it to work would be that no matter where the audio is coming from (a phone on lowest volume or a computer on highest volume) the output of the circuit will always be constant. This would make my life much easier on later parts.
Could anyone give some insight on how to do this?
Edit for clarification:
The ADC on my microcontoller does not support negative voltages therefore the input signal must have a DC offset. It can also take voltages between 0 and 3.3 which is why I offset the signal at 1.5 so it can swing between 0 and 3.3.
I then feed this singal into my microcontroller to control some LED strips.
On the schematic R13 is the gain. The higher the value, the more gain there is. That sort of gives me 2 options:

*

*I can set the gain really high which will allow me to use my phone to provide audio without it being too quiet. This has 2 main issues. The extra gain will induce more noise and also if I want to use my computer to provide audio, I will get major clipping since the output amplitude of the computer is much higher.

*Or I can set the gain quite low allowing me to use my computer to provide audio without clipping. The issue with that is that that means the signal from my phone will be too weak to really make any difference to the output signal so it will just get picked up as "noise" in the software.
My idea for the AGC was to allow me to use any source for audio without any difference in the output amplitude but as pointed out that will mean quiet parts of the song become loud.

Second edit: Let me expand. It takes the adjusted signal and rather than that being fed (I should have mentioned this before i just totally forgot so my bad), the signals are fed into 4 more circuits. A negative and positive peak detector and a high and low pass filter (I am think about changing some of these). The lighting effect I am going for is from this video:
example video
My version is just basically more of a refined version of his. He has two inputs whereas I have 4 and I intend to use them for speed, brightness and colour. I understand the way I have it now is over-complicated however I know it works. It's not expensive either.
As for sound quality. You're right. Quality isn't an issue but obviously noise is. The good thing about this circuit is the fact that, as I said, I know it works and also the noise is determined by the op-amp choice. Also, although it's not an issue, using op-amps wont hurt the quality of the signal.
Originally my question was about an AGC circuit. Finding out that that won't work is fine.
To give a solid question then: is there anything I can do about a difference in input amplitude (so again, a phone will be quieter than a computer. Is there much I can do about this?). Improvements like this will make my coding job a bit easier since I don't have to try and implement some sort of "sensitivity" feature to adjust the sensitivity of the lights depending on the input.
Don't get me wrong, I appreciate the help a lot, but I'm not looking to know how to change my circuit. I created a post elsewhere months ago and I have a massive backlog of things I could try, including the one you suggested.
It's a bit of stretch but could something like this be used? It's a digitally controlled potentiometer. Could I in theory use it in place of R13 and then use software to control the sensitivity by automatically adjusting the value of R13?


Sport for me is life quality. At the age of 5 I started with gymnastics. At the age of 8 Ibegan to jog with my father. During this period I played handball for two years, but I found my real passion in jogging.
During the years I specialized in 100 and 200m short distance running. It became normality for me to train 6 times a week.
Now I have found a healthy balance between work, sport and my private life.
Especially mountain biking in the mountains of Mallorca means freedom and relaxation for me and is unique beauty.
Whilst I was working as a personal trainer, I recognized, that this work is far more than to show some one how to train effectivley . The spirit and the thought are crucial for long term success. Training, thinking and feeling are fundamentally crucial for a success.
Therefore I extended my education to become a personal mental coach and a diet assistant.
Furthermore I continued my education to become a masseur specializing in sport massage. From the time whilst I was working as a male nurse I still benefit from the knowledge of the human anatomy.


Welfare need not be a gateway to government dependency. On the contrary, the best research shows that well-designed safety nets can boost economic growth by supporting risk taking, human-capital formation, labor market dynamism, and positive public attitudes toward market liberalization.
Our economy appears likely to experience significant labor-market disruption as automation technology and artificial intelligence continue to rapidly improve. Universal Basic Income has been proposed as a potential solution; however, so far the debate has produced more heat than light. In order to move the conversation forward, we conduct research into the conceptual, economic, and political dimensions of 21st century cash assistance.
The last two decades in the United States have seen direct cash assistance to poor households scaled back in favor of in-kind benefits. Meanwhile, stringent, value-laden conditions have been attached to welfare, including punitive work and drug testing requirements, and increasingly complex administrative burdens have been shifted onto beneficiaries. Burdening the poor with additional economic costs while limiting their options simply contributes to their marginalization. We support efforts to simplify and streamline poverty programs in order to enhance bureaucratic performance and ensure recipients are treated with dignity and respect.
Economists extol the virtue of decentralization of program delivery, also known as subsidiarity, for reasons of asymmetric information. That's just jargon for the truism that in close communities everybody knows everybody, fostering trust and solidarity. In contrast, a centralized, bureaucratic welfare system does damage to civil society. We therefore support innovations in welfare and healthcare delivery models that promote self-determination.
Economic development policy for the 21st century.
A new report on the Bennet-Brown child allowance.
Subsidized employment programs are a proven and cost-effective way to lower barriers to work and build shock-absorbers into the economy.
Niskanen Center senior fellow Ed Dolan pushes back on the feasibility of a job guarantee on a panel for the Brookings Institution's Hamilton Project.
The displacement of "social insurance" with terms like "safety-net" and "entitlement" has impoverished the public policy debate.
The Niskanen Center's Poverty and Welfare Policy program is seeking to hire a policy analyst with a strong data science background to assist in the development and evaluation of public policies that advance individual freedom and inclusive prosperity.
The ACA's Medicaid expansion fails to address disparities in state fiscal capacity.
The State and Local Tax Deduction benefits the rich while encouraging exclusionary zoning.
Welcome to Joshua McCabe, Peter Jaworski, and Ted Marmor.


The Articles of Association are the basis of Donau Soja Association. The tasks, rights, and obligations of Donau Soja Association's boards, bodies, and members are set out in this document.
Acceptance of the Articles of Association is a basic prerequisite for becoming a member of Donau Soja Association.


text:
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Oklahoma Gazette
Arts & Culture » Film
by Phil Bacharach
Man-versus-nature tales don't get more elemental or harrowing than the real-life one involving Aron Ralston. You might not recognize the name, but you probably know the incident for which he's famous.
In May 2003, Ralston was mountain climbing in a remote section of Utah when, in a freak accident, a boulder crushed his right hand and wrist. Trapped for five days with little food and water, the 27-year-old eventually freed himself by using a dull pocketknife to cut off his own arm.
It's a jaw-dropper of a story, certainly, but not necessarily surefire material for the multiplex. Much could have gone wrong in the cinematic adaptation of Ralston's 2004 memoir, "Between a Rock and a Hard Place." It could have been too excruciating or too sanitized, too sensationalized or too tedious. And so it's really something of a miracle that, instead, "127 Hours" is a work of great filmmaking.
Director Danny Boyle ("Slumdog Millionaire") is a dazzler with visuals, and he makes full use of his bag of tricks here, employing everything from split screens and hyperkinetic edits to oblique angles and camera movements that spit in gravity's eye.
But such flamboyance is not just a case of directorial indulgence (which cannot be said of all Boyle's movies). The stylistic flourish reflects the rapturous spirit of Ralston, who, as played by James Franco ("Eat Pray Love") is an adrenaline junkie, albeit a charismatic one.
Franco's Aron makes for an appealing protagonist, particularly fortunate since the actor appears in nearly every frame. Exuding a roguish charm and humor that either stem from supreme confidence or just plain solipsism, he is a fascinating hero.
Early on, he meets two female hikers (Kate Mara, "Iron Man 2," and Amber Tamblyn, "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2") who are lost. He helpfully leads the pair through a shortcut equal parts terrifying and spectacular. "You're batshit!" observes one of the hikers in a tone that makes it evident she means no insult.
Most of "127 Hours," however, skimps on peripheral characters. At the film's core is Aron pitted against the rock that smashes his hand and traps him in a forgotten crevice of Blue John Canyon. Armed (ahem) with a few tools and a camcorder, the young man spirals through an existential journey in which his waking horror is interspersed with memories and febrile imaginings.
These stream-of-consciousness scenes are a wonder of stutters and bursts, capturing the insanity of his predicament and the genuine reassessment of a lifetime spent keeping people at (ahem) arm's length.
The climactic amputation is as disturbing as you would expect, and Boyle ups the ante with a deliriously inventive sound mix that makes audiences aware of every severed nerve (think a nightmare version of the board game Operation).
Still, the scene is vital viewing and, perhaps ironically, wholly triumphant. Smart, sly and inspiring in a way that eludes most wannabe inspirational pictures, "127 Hours" is not to be missed. —Phil Bacharach
Continuing Tales
Gone Hollywood
Rewind revival
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© 2020 Oklahoma Gazette


It is thought that life on Earth couldn't exist without the sun. It provides humankind with the light and heat needed to make Earth habitable. It provides the plants that fuel the world's food chains with one of the few essentials they need to grow. As the center of the solar system, the sun dominates Earth's ecosystems and impacts mankind for better, and for worse.
The sun and its heating of Earth's atmosphere greatly impact weather all over the world. In fact, heat from the sun is chiefly responsible for the speed and direction of air currents. When the sun heats the air, the warmer air becomes less dense and rises. When the warmer air rises, it creates a vacuum that cooler air rushes in to fill. This air movement is what creates the winds you feel every day.
Global warming is a phenomenon that has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution. Also known as the greenhouse effect, global warming occurs when a buildup of carbon dioxide traps rays from the sun that would otherwise dissipate from the atmosphere. When light from the sun reaches Earth, not all of the energy stays within the atmosphere. Some of the heat and light is reflected off of Earth's surface. Some is absorbed, to be later released. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere means that heat from the sun is held on to longer than normal -- much like leaving a car in the sun with the windows up.
Since the 1970s, the ozone layer above Earth has been depleting due to man-made chemicals being released into the air. The ozone layer shields harmful radiation from the sun from reaching Earth's surface. With holes in the ozone layer developing, more harmful radiation is reaching Earth's surface and its oceans. Growth of phytoplankton, which are microscopic plant-like marine organisms, is being drastically reduced due to the sun's increasing ultraviolet B rays. These rays are passing through holes in the ozone layer, which inhibits phytoplankton from producing chlorophyll. Like plants, phytoplankton rely on chlorophyll to photosynthesize for their growth and reproduction.
One of the most obvious ecosystems that the sun affects is land. The sun directly dictates the temperature experienced on dry land, as well as humidity and pressure levels in the air. During periods of intense sun exposure and little rain, droughts often occur that can lead to famine affecting both humans and animals alike.
One of the lesser-known ways the sun affects humankind is through the occurrence of sunspots. Sunspots are areas of the sun that release intense bursts of magnetic energy that travel many millions of miles. These bursts of energy can travel far enough to reach Earth's surface. Once this magnetism has reached Earth, it can severely disrupt electrical grids, causing widespread blackouts and electrical disruptions.
Stanford Solar Center: How Do Sunspots Form? And How Do Sunspots Affect the Earth?
Watkins, Adam. "How Does the Sun Affect an Ecosystem?" Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/sun-affect-ecosystem-8585882.html. 25 April 2017.
How Does the Earth's Atmosphere Protect Living Organisms?


The Women's sleeveless jacket is filled with120g/m2 virgin sheep's wool. The outer fabric is a luxuriously soft nylon with a water repellent coating.
This jacket is a stylish and functional addition to your wardrobe and is best suited for Spring, Autumn, Winter and cool summer evenings.
Notify me when size XS Women's sleeveless wool filled puff jacket in Dusky pink is available.


AGL has been initially ported to Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 by Leon Anavi thanks to the existing knowledge for enabling hardware graphics acceleration in Wayland and Weston from the Tizen Project and GENIVI Development Platform.
Follow the general steps for building AGL, download master branch and set raspberrypi2 or raspberrypi3 as a machine depending on the version and the model of your Raspberry Pi.
Setting up your operating system.
Setting up the build environment for R-Car BSP.
Downloading the proprietary drivers and installing them in the build environment (if needed).
Configure to boot on SD-CARD.
Copy the image to the SD-CARD.
Boot the board on it.
If you want to bypass the build phase and quick boot the board, you can download the image tarball and the kernel then follow the installation procedure.
The very first step is to ensure that your system can run the build system of the Yocto Project.
if your system is Windows© or iOS© you should use a virtualization solution (Virtualbox, VMWare …) to run a Linux VM on your system.
For AGL 2.1, Yocto Project 2.1, known as krogoth, has been selected for the BSP and build system.
Also note that for this tutorial, the utility 'curl' has been added to the list of packages to install.
AGL Uses the 'repo' tool for managing repositories.
You need to setup layers of AGL.
IMPORTANT, The extended attribute set during image construction MUST be copied to the SD card.
When using tar to create the SDcard, it is a common error to not copy the extended attributes. Find below instruction for using tar.
Due to a known bug in the upstream of meta-rust the Yocto/OE recipe for rust-cross may fail while building RVI SOTA Client or another application written in the Rust programming language.
Problem: new installed applications are not available on Homescreen and even if started manually through afm-util, the application starts but no surface appears.
Answer: this is due to IVI-Shell integration with Qt and Homescreen.
Connect the TX line of the cable (RED wire if you are using Olimex USB-Serial-Cable-F) to pin 10 (RX line) of Raspberry Pi.
Pay attention that the colors of the cable may vary depending on the vendor. If you have USB console cable from Adafruit please have a look here.


Princeton University is a private research university with the heart and soul of a small liberal arts institution. It is recognized globally for academic excellence and is consistently ranked among the top-tier research universities in the world. At the same time, it is a small university that focuses on undergraduate education.
The University's financial aid program is considered one of the most generous in the country for domestic and international students. In 2001, Princeton became the first university to offer every aid recipient a financial aid package that replaces loans with grant aid (scholarships) that students do not have to repay.
Faculty members at Princeton are known as much for their groundbreaking research as they are for their classroom teaching. All faculty teach at Princeton, and the low 6:1 student-to-faculty ratio encourages close academic relationships that foster learning and challenge students to explore the many opportunities available to them.
Princeton is conveniently located in Princeton, N.J., about an hour from New York City and Philadelphia. The University was founded in 1746, making it the fourth-oldest college in the nation. About 98 percent of students live on campus, and for their first two years they live in close, supportive residential colleges.


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The Stuff Of Success
Home Travel Things to Do in The Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes State Park
Things to Do in The Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes State Park
When it comes to the Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes State Park, it has remote dunes with complex. Also, it has a rarely visited beach that's nearby the Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. Moreover, it has access to a 1.8-mile long widen coastline in its south.
It has gone through an elongated beach walk from Oso Flaco Lake Natural Area and Rancho Guadalupe Dunes County Park. These two are from respectively the left and right sides. This refuge has made in 2000 aiming to defend the habitats of the dunes from wild animals.
These include the least terns, brown pelicans, peregrine falcons, snowy plovers, and frogs breeds and salamanders. Moreover, the refuge has protected more than 18 different types of species of rare plants. You'll find a Dune Center that has exhibits, maps, and more inquired information to access to the sanctuary.
About Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes
The Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes cover a large area of the coastline of California's Central Coast. The dunes extend to the northern side of Santa Barbara County from the southern side of the San Luis Obispo County.
Some threatened and endangered species of animals and plants as the dunes are the safe house of some exclusive ecosystem. There is the Complex that has set for protecting the environment of the dunes.
Some states, federal, private companies, local agencies, individuals, and organizations are the owners of the dunes are a. these include California State Parks, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Barbara, the Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Oso Flaco Hike
The hike located 3-mile north of the dune that's from the Highway 1 that proceeds 3-mile ahead of the parking lot. The California Department of Parks and Recreation owns and manages the park. If you like to go on the part, then you'll have to pay a specific charge. There are two systems to pay.
One is the direction to the part attendants. Two, if they're not available you can use the self-pay option that's at the entrance of the park. When you have paid for the entry of the park, you can go hiking one mile west to the Oso Flaco Lake. Then there is the beach boardwalk and you also can proceed quarter-mile south to its Creek.
Moreover, you can proceed one-mile south of the beach to the northern Refuge boundary if you can cross the water body safely. If you go for a round trip of the hike, it'll be a trip of 4.5 miles. Thus you can reach and return from the refuge along the parking lot.
Rancho Guadalupe Hike
While looking to go this hike, you'll have to go to Guadalupe's south end. You need to drive just 2.8 miles to reach the parking lot of Rancho Guadalupe Dunes Preserve. As there is a voluntary donation for access to the park, you'll find it at the entrance gate.
Hike north to the beach just about a half-mile to the Santa Maria River from the parking area. This area is also suitable for hiking when you like to do.
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Q: Interpolation algorithm all values 255 -MATLAB I trying to create my own nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm in Matlab to enlarge an image of 556×612 to 1668×1836.
This is homework!!!
I have attempted this already but encounter the error where the values inside M gets (not all but most) transformed to 255 (White Space), and I cannot get my head around why. Any help would be appreciated! The picture is a picture of a zebra.

    %Take in image and convert to greyscale
I = imread('Zebra.jpg');
Igray = rgb2gray(I);

% Step-3: Resize the image to enlarged 1668x1836 by interpolation
% Step-3(a) : Using nearest neighbour
%First we will need to work out the dimension of the image
[j , k] = size(Igray);
%Now we need to set the size of the image we want
NewX = 1836;
NewY = 1668;
% Work out ratio of old to new
ScaleX = NewX./(j-1);
ScaleY = NewY./(k-1);

%Image Buffer
M = zeros(NewX, NewY);
%Create output image
for count1 = 1:NewX
    for count2 = 1:NewY
        M(count1,count2) = Igray(1+round(count1./ScaleX),1+round(count2./ScaleY));
    end
end
%Show Images
imshow(M);
title('Scaled Image NN');

A: try imshow(M,[]). You created M without specifying type, which makes it double. double images are [0-1], so imshow by default makes white everything with higher value than 1.
Alternatively, create M to be uint8 as the original image
M = zeros(NewX, NewY,'uint8');

even better code would be:
M = zeros(NewX, NewY,class(Igray));


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Sawah is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Kampar van de provincie Riau, Indonesië. Sawah telt 2522 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Riau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Oldham /ˈoʊldəm/ is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller towns that together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre.
Historically in Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England". At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world, producing more cotton than France and Germany combined. Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
The demise of textile processing in Oldham depressed the local economy. Today Oldham is a predominantly residential town, and a centre for further education and the performing arts. It is, however, still distinguished architecturally by the surviving cotton mills and other buildings associated with that industry. The town's population of 103,544 lives in an area of around 26 square miles (67 km2).
Content on this page is licensed under CC-BY-SA from the authors of the following Wikipedia pages: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom, Oldham. Note that the data on Wikipedia is highly unreliable. In many cases, sister cities are missing or wrongly listed. Some cities also have different levels of partnership. If you find an error, please make a correction on the relevant Wikipedia pages and cite your sources.


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May 26, 2016 • Volume 63, Number 9
California Notes
Charlie Savage
General Hayden's Offensive
Playing to the Edge: American Intelligence in the Age of Terror by Michael V. Hayden
Diane Johnson
The Quest for Gay Pleasure
Our Young Man by Edmund White
Andrew Butterfield
Botticelli: Love, Wisdom, Terror
Botticelli and Treasures from the Hamilton Collection an exhibition at the Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, October 16, 2015–January 24, 2016; and the Courtauld Gallery, London, February 18–May 15, 2016
Botticelli Reimagined an exhibition at the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, September 24, 2015–January 24, 2016; and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, March 5–July 3, 2016
'Going Dark'
Cyberphobia: Identity, Trust, Security and the Internet by Edward Lucas
The Future of Foreign Intelligence: Privacy and Surveillance in a Digital Age by Laura K. Donohue
The Hacked World Order: How Nations Fight, Trade, Maneuver, and Manipulate in the Digital Age by Adam Segal
Dark Territory: The Secret History of Cyber War by Fred Kaplan
An Overwhelming 'Elektra'
Elektra an opera by Richard Strauss, directed by Patrice Chéreau, with Vincent Huguet
Nathaniel Rich
To the Lighthouse
Brilliant Beacons: A History of the American Lighthouse by Eric Jay Dolin
Adam Hochschild
Our Awful Prisons: How They Can Be Changed
Mr. Smith Goes to Prison: What My Year Behind Bars Taught Me About America's Prison Crisis by Jeff Smith
Understanding Mass Incarceration: A People's Guide to the Key Civil Rights Struggle of Our Time by James Kilgore
The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America by Naomi Murakawa
From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America by Elizabeth Hinton
Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics by Marie Gottschalk
Francine Prose
Quality Lit: She Took Charge
The Lady with the Borzoi: Blanche Knopf, Literary Tastemaker Extraordinaire by Laura Claridge
Margaret Scott
Indonesia: The Battle Over Islam
Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java: A Political, Social, Cultural and Religious History, c. 1930 to the Present by M.C. Ricklefs
Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas and Values by Carool Kersten
Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: Tolerance Without Liberalism by Jeremy Menchik
Orlando Figes
The Courage of the Composer
The Noise of Time by Julian Barnes
The Heritage of a Great Man
The Most Wanted Man in China: My Journey from Scientist to Enemy of the State by Fang Lizhi, translated from the Chinese by Perry Link
Jane Yeh
The Rhinos (poem)
The Passions of Vargas Llosa
Notes on the Death of Culture: Essays on Spectacle and Society by Mario Vargas Llosa, edited and translated from the Spanish by John King
The Discreet Hero by Mario Vargas Llosa, translated from the Spanish by Edith Grossman
Darryl Pinckney
Elite Black & Quite Different
Negroland: A Memoir by Margo Jefferson
The Violent World of Elena Ferrante
The Story of the Lost Child by Elena Ferrante, translated from the Italian by Ann Goldstein
Linda Greenhouse
The Bittersweet Victories of Women
Because of Sex: One Law, Ten Cases, and Fifty Years That Changed American Women's Lives at Work by Gillian Thomas
Christopher Benfey
A Wonderfully Ephemeral College
Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College, 1933–1957 an exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, October 10, 2015–January 24, 2016; the Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, February 21–May 14, 2016; and the Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, Ohio, September 17, 2016–January 1, 2017
Intersecting Colors: Josef Albers and His Contemporaries an exhibition at the Mead Art Museum, Amherst, Massachusetts, August 28, 2015–January 3, 2016
John Banville
Surrounded by Jew-Haters
For Two Thousand Years by Mihail Sebastian, translated from the Romanian by Philip Ó Ceallaigh
Jeff Madrick
The Little-Known Ted
Lion of the Senate: When Ted Kennedy Rallied the Democrats in a GOP Congress by Nick Littlefield and David Nexon
A Great, Ignored Transformation?
A History of Balance, 1250–1375: The Emergence of a New Model of Equilibrium and Its Impact on Thought by Joel Kaye
Phillip Lopate
Innocents Abroad
Peacekeeping by Mischa Berlinski
Anthony Gottlieb
Who Was David Hume?
Hume: An Intellectual Biography by James A. Harris
Mark Danner
The Magic of Donald Trump
Crippled America: How to Make America Great Again by Donald J. Trump
Laura (Diachenko) Sheehan,
Robert G. Kaiser
Secret Documents 'Withheld Without Explanation'?
Gian Giacomo Migone
The Angry American Voters
John Banville's latest novel is Mrs. Osmond. (March 2019)
Christopher Benfey is the Mellon Professor of English at Mount Holyoke. He is the author of five books about the American Gilded Age, including Red Brick, Black Mountain, White Clay: Reflections on Art, Family, and Survival (2012) and, most recently, IF: The Untold Story of Kipling's American Years, published this month by Penguin.
(July 2019)
Andrew Butterfield is President of Andrew Butterfield Fine Arts. He is the author of The Sculptures of Andrea del Verrocchio, among other books.
(January 2018)
Roger Cohen is a columnist for The New York Times. His most recent book is the memoir The Girl from Human Street: Ghosts of Memory in a Jewish Family. (May 2016)
Mark Danner is Chancellor's Professor of English and Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley and James Clarke Chace Professor of Foreign Affairs and the Humanities at Bard. His most recent book is Spiral: Trapped in the Forever War. His work can be found at www
.markdanner.com.
(March 2017)
Joan Didion is the author, most recently, of Blue Nights and The Year of Magical Thinking, among seven other works of nonfiction. Her five novels include A Book of Common Prayer and Democracy.
(May 2016)
Eamon Duffy is Emeritus Professor of the History of Christianity at Cambridge. His latest book is Royal Books and Holy Bones: Essays in Medieval Christianity. (April 2019)
Freeman Dyson is Professor of Physics Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Orlando Figes is Professor of History at Birkbeck College, University of London. His latest book is Revolutionary Russia, 1891–1991: A History.
(July 2018)
Anthony Gottlieb is a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and a former Executive Editor of The Economist. His latest book is The Dream of Enlightenment: The Rise of Modern Philosophy.
(February 2019)
Michael Greenberg is the author of Hurry Down Sunshine and Beg, Borrow, and Steal: A Writer's Life.
(January 2019)
Linda Greenhouse teaches at Yale Law School. Her most recent book is The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right, with Michael J. Graetz.
(June 2019)
Sue Halpern is a regular contributor to The New York Review and a Scholar-in-Residence at Middlebury. Her latest book is a novel, Summer Hours at the Robbers Library. (April 2019)
Adam Hochschild's books include King Leopold's Ghost, To End All Wars, and, most recently, Lessons from a Dark Time and Other Essays. He teaches at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley.
(October 2018)
Diane Johnson is a novelist and critic. She is the author of Lulu in Marrakech and Le Divorce, among other novels, and a memoir, Flyover Lives.
(October 2017)
Phillip Lopate's most recent book is A Mother's Tale. He is a Professor in the MFA nonfiction writing program at Columbia.
(January 2019)
Jeff Madrick is the Director of the Bernard L. Schwartz Rediscovering Government Initiative at the Century Foundation and the Editor of Challenge. His most recent book is Seven Bad Ideas: How Mainstream Economists Damaged America and the World. (June 2018)
Geoffrey O'Brien's books include The Phantom Empire, Stolen Glimpses, Captive Shadows: Writing on Film, 2002–2012, and, most recently, the poetry collection The Blue Hill. (April 2019)
Darryl Pinckney's most recent book is a novel, Black Deutschland. (November 2018)
Francine Prose is Distinguished Writer in Residence at Bard. Her newest book is a collection of essays, What to Read and Why.
(November 2018)
Nathaniel Rich's latest novel is King Zeno. His next book, Losing Earth: A Recent History, will be published in April.
(March 2019)
Charlie Savage is a Washington Correspondent for The New York Times. His latest book is Power Wars: The Relentless Rise of Presidential Authority and Secrecy.
(February 2018)
Margaret Scott teaches at NYU's Wagner School of Public Service and is a cofounder of the New York Southeast Asia Network.
(April 2019)
Jane Yeh's third collection of poems, Discipline, will be published this March. (March 2019)


text:
PodcastEurope
A Year in Review: The Trends That Shaped 2015
The Editors Dec 30, 2015 October 18, 2022
In this week's Trend Lines podcast, WPR's Editor-in-Chief Judah Grunstein and host Peter Dörrie discuss the major trends that shaped 2015, a year marked by the re-emergence of borders and national approaches to transnational problems. Listen: Download: MP3Subscribe: iTunes | RSS Trend Lines is produced, edited and hosted by Peter Dörrie, a freelance journalist and analyst focussing on security and resource politics in Africa. He can be followed on Twitter at @peterdoerrie.
A Year On, States Aren't Enforcing the Landmark Arms Trade Treaty
Rachel Stohl Dec 29, 2015 October 17, 2022
Keeping weapons out of the wrong hands is good policy. In the wake of the tragic terrorist attacks in Paris, heightened attention has been paid to the illegal black-market networks that often arm terror groups and stoke conflict around the world. But the international community is not helpless to prevent this uncontrolled arms trade. A year ago on Christmas Eve, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) entered into force, with 130 countries signing on and, at the time, 61 of them ratifying it. One year later, 76 states are party to the treaty. The ATT is the only global, legally binding […]
ColumnAfrica
Seven Big Crisis Management Questions for a Disorderly World in 2016
Richard Gowan Dec 28, 2015 October 17, 2022
International conflict management is not necessarily a rewarding occupation for people who have neat and orderly minds. Well-made plans tend to fall apart in fast-moving crises. As I noted in a chapter in a book on the Security Council published earlier this year, the recent history of United Nations peace operations is basically a story of "one damn thing after another." U.N. forces have repeatedly been caught off-guard by upsurges in violence and entangled in intractable struggles that they can help mitigate but cannot resolve. This is not only true for the blue helmets. In the United States, analysts once […]
ColumnAsia-Pacific
Despite Bloody 2015, the World Really Is Safer Than Ever
Michael A. Cohen Dec 23, 2015 October 17, 2022
Looking back on the past year, it would seem from merely scanning the headlines that the world is becoming a deadlier, more violent place. The year began with a series of bloody massacres by the Nigerian terrorist/insurgent group Boko Haram, which has become the deadliest such group in the world. Next came the Charlie Hebdo and Hyper Cacher attacks in Paris, after which the violence seemingly continued without pause. The Sanaa mosque bombing in Yemen killed 142 people; the al-Shabaab attack on a university in Kenya took another 147 lives; the massacre perpetrated by the self-declared Islamic State in Kobani, […]
U.N. Peacemakers Wind Up Tough Year With a Flurry of Progress
Ellen Laipson Dec 22, 2015 October 17, 2022
The United Nations should be pleased by recent progress in three of its hardest conflict-resolution efforts. It's not yet time for a victory lap in Yemen, Syria and Libya: All three conflicts continue to rage on the ground, and the prospect of international peacekeepers enforcing a negotiated settlement remains distant at best. But peacekeeping is always the final stage of a lengthy diplomatic process, and some deeper appreciation for the work of the U.N.'s high-level diplomats in defining a process for resolving the three conflicts, among the world's nastiest, is warranted. In quick succession in the final weeks of the […]
Less Talk, More Action for International Peacekeepers in 2016?
People who write about international politics inevitably make a lot of incorrect predictions. It is sometimes useful to look back and ask why our prognostications were wrong. At the start of this year, I asked, "Where will international stabilization forces intervene in 2015?" My best guesses were Ukraine, Nigeria, Libya and Syria. There has been much talk about deploying peacekeepers to these war zones over the ensuing 12 months, but markedly less action. In retrospect, it seems clear that governments and international organizations have taken a cautious approach to mounting new missions in high-risk environments in 2015. But there are […]
PodcastAsia-Pacific
Myanmar's Difficult Transition From Military Dictatorship to Democracy
In this week's Trend Lines podcast, WPR's editor-in-chief, Judah Grunstein, joins host Peter Dörrie in the Briefing to discuss the issues dominating global politics this week, including Cuba's migrant crisis, the COP21 climate conference and France's military strategy in Africa. For the Report, Sebastian Strangio joins us to talk about the challenges of Myanmar's ongoing democratization. Listen: Download: MP3Subscribe: iTunes | RSS Relevant WPR coverage: Obama's Cuba Policy Triggers Unintended Migrant Crisis Sidetracked: Obama's Cybersecurity Legacy Is COP21 Climate Change Deal Multilateralism's Swan Song? France's Overstretched Military Not Enough to Stabilize the Sahel Great Expectations: Will Myanmar's Election Bring Real […]
Is COP21 Climate Change Deal Multilateralism's Swan Song?
The climate change agreement hammered out at the COP21 conference in Paris this weekend inspires a cocktail of contradictory emotions: relief, cynicism, awe and melancholy. It is hard not to be relieved that world leaders have finally agreed on an ambitious agenda to limit global warming. It is equally difficult not to read their pledges with some skepticism. While the Paris deal was bolder than many had predicted, aiming to stop global temperatures rising by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, many crucial parts of the deal are not legally binding. The package only has a chance of success if major […]
PodcastGlobal
Can the Trans-Pacific Partnership Reinvigorate Global Trade Talks?
Last week, World Politics Review launched Trend Lines, its new weekly podcast, which will appear every Friday. The show has two sections: In the Briefing, host Peter Dörrie interviews a WPR editor about the week's most important events. In the Report, a WPR contributor or on-the-ground source takes an in-depth look at a single issue. In this week's Briefing, WPR Editor-in-Chief Judah Grunstein and Peter Dörrie discuss China's naval diplomacy, French elections and Iraqi politics. For the Report, Edward Alden of the Council on Foreign Relations joins us to give his insights into global trade negotiations and how the Trans-Pacific […]
BriefingAsia-Pacific
The TPP Is the Last, Best Opportunity for New Global Trade Rules
Edward Alden Dec 7, 2015 October 18, 2022
There is no other area of global governance—not climate change, not management of the oceans, not monetary policy, not peacekeeping—in which the nations of the world have agreed to cooperate more closely than on the rules governing international trade. But over the past half-century, each step toward greater trade cooperation has been a bit harder than the last. The fate of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement—the recently concluded mega-regional deal linking the United States, Japan and 10 other Pacific Rim countries—will likely decide whether the historic project of building better global rules for trade continues, or collapses under its […]
IMF Move on Yuan Shows That Excluding China Is a Losing Bet
Daniel McDowell Dec 4, 2015 October 18, 2022
On Monday, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) voted to add China's currency, the yuan or renminbi, to a very short list of elite global reserve currencies. Next fall, the yuan will officially be added to the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket of currencies, which presently includes just the dollar, euro, yen and pound sterling. In part, the decision reflects the undeniable reality of China's economic rise. However, the decision is also a pragmatic, perhaps even savvy, move by the IMF and the United States to further incorporate China into an international financial order that largely […]
Rethinking Engagement With Fragile States
The Editors Dec 4, 2015 October 17, 2022
World Politics Review is excited to present its new weekly podcast, Trend Lines. Every Friday, host Peter Dörrie will have a conversation with a WPR editor—the Briefing—about the week's significant events and issues. Then, in the second part of the show—the Report—a WPR contributor or on-the-ground source will take a more in-depth look at a single issue. This week in the Briefing, WPR Editor-in-Chief Judah Grunstein and Peter Dörrie discuss the COP21, Burkina Faso's election, corruption and the shift to right-leaning politics in Latin America. In the Report, WPR contributor Ian Quick gives his insights into how the international community […]
The Road to COP21: Global Efforts to Slow Climate Change
World leaders are convening in Paris this week for COP21, the 2015 U.N. Climate Change Conference, in hopes of reaching an agreement on how to slow global warming. Although momentum toward clean energy and reduced greenhouse gas emissions has increased around the world, a real shift will require more coordination, better-enforced legal frameworks and a renewed focus on innovation. All of the articles linked below are free for nonsubscribers until Dec. 17. What's at Stake in Paris? In Climate Talks, as in Syria, Half-Measures Must Do for France's HollandeFrom managing security measures following the Paris attacks of Nov. 13 to […]
In-DepthAsia-Pacific
Redefining Success: New Approaches to Engaging With Fragile States
Ian D. Quick Dec 1, 2015 October 17, 2022
Current ambitions to stabilize and reshape fragile states are of very recent origin. Most of the techniques and tactics that are now fashionable were unheard of a decade ago, and virtually none of them predate the end of the Cold War. As author and researcher Graeme Smith has noted, that makes international development and security assistance akin to pre-modern medicine, "when the human body was poorly understood and doctors prescribed bloodletting, or drilled into skulls to treat madness." Of late, the patients of international intervention have not been doing well. In late 2012, a military coup in Mali made a […]


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Gavel Master Hugh Edmeades on Auctioneering as Performance Art
13 Jul, 2018 | Fri | 12:29
Hugh Edmeades, International Auctioneer for Christie's, shared with us the most amusing stories and unforgettable moments of his 34 years of auctioneering. This time, we asked the gavel master about the routines and rituals that he might go through before stepping onto the rostrum. Hugh told us about the strict selection process that potential auctioneers experience in auctioneering school, as well as the similarities between auctioneering and performance art. What is it really like in auctioneering school? How is auctioneering connected to performance art?
International Auctioneer for Christie's - Hugh Edmeades
Q: You said auctioneering is a performance art. Who is your favourite actor for inspiration?
Hugh: There's an English actor, mainly theatre, called Simon Russell Beale. He is a great Shakespearean actor. He played Macbeth, he played Lear. I like the way he is able to switch from a serious Shakespearean role into a comedy role. That is what auction is, you need to be able to be nimble-footed enough to switch from one role to the next. When I was at the auctioneer school, we used an actor called Robin Kermode. He taught us breathing, voice and body language techniques, anything that would help us get those extra bids.
Simon Russell Beale in 'King Lear'
Q: Can you tell us more about the auctioneering school?
Hugh: We still run the school for auctioneers every two years. You might get 40 'want-to-be-auctioneers'. If they are lucky, we will put through three, more likely two. We are pretty gentle with them for the opening round and they get progressively harder and harder, and I become meaner and meaner.
Q: What techniques do they learn at the auctioneering school?
Hugh: With wrong 'footing' bid, split bids, it just makes them really think on their feet. And how do you try to get to 100,000 for an absentee bidder? Someone gives you 93,000 and how do you get back on track to make sure that you hit 100,000 for the absentee bidder rather than letting someone in the room hit 100,000. If I sell it to the room, then the absentee bidder would say, 'I left you 100,000, why haven't I got it?' So the absentee bid will take preferences over the room. It's the question of the auctioneer orchestrating the bidding.
Offering a chance to train with actors and to be taught by top auctioneers, the auctioneering school sounds like a dream school that many would like to attend. Having seen so many wonderful auctioneers 'perform on stage', we were curious as to which ones were Hugh's students. And before stepping into the spotlight, how does an auctioneer prepare him or herself?
Q: Who are your students? What kind of challenge they have faced after graduating from the auctioneering school?
Hugh: Most of the Asian ones here are my students. Their trouble is that they only have two selling sessions a year, one in May, one in November. They do not get their practice. When I first started selling, I was selling 300 items at least every week. In London now, if each auctioneer gets 100 lots a month, they are doing well. My learning curve was vertical because I was selling so much, I was learning every week. Now, you are selling one week and then next month. When you try to get back up, you need to start again.
Q: Do you put on makeup or any particular outfits to help you perform better?
Hugh: No. Being a male auctioneer, we are somewhat limited, we have to wear a suit and a tie. I tend to use a very bright tie so that there's something for the audience to focus on. With the girls, I tend to suggest they wear a nice piece of jewelry. I think it helps for the audience to have a focal point.
Q: What's your preparation work before auctions?
Hugh: I do a few voice warm up exercises because we have to use our mouth, our head and our voice. I loosen up my face, adjust my jaws, do some tongue exercises because when I get up there, I have got to be on my game. Nothing annoys me more than when I say to an auctioneer, 'How did the sale go?' And they said, 'Fine but it took me 10 or 15 lots to get into it.' So I say, 'What about the owners of the first 10 or 15 lots?' The owner of lot 1 is expecting you, relying on you to be on your game for him at that stage.
After learning about all the intense training and preparation work that auctioneers have to go through, we are now ready to follow Hugh back on stage in the salerooms. The international auctioneer will share with us his 'top secrets' to getting more bids and the most unforgettable bidder that he has come across. Stay tuned to find out more about the gavel master's auctioneering journey.