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Whose Opinion Matters?
Citation to Foreign Sources by the United States Supreme Court and the Advocates General of the European Union's Court of Justice
By Matthew Laroche
Matthew Laroche, a 2010 summa cum laude graduate of Albany Law School and former Editor-in-Chief of the Albany Law Review, is currently a first-year associate at Milbank in New York City. He will serve as a law clerk to Judge Richard Wesley of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit beginning in August 2011.
In this working paper, Mr. Laroche explores the citation to foreign sources in opinions of the United States Supreme Court and the European Union's Court of Justice. The use of such citations by American courts has been the subject of a heated debate among Justices, politicians, scholars, and other commentators. This paper goes beyond the heat and sheds some light on the issue.
[A]s it was the characteristic principle of the common law to draw its inspiration from every fountain of justice, we are not to assume that sources of its supply have been exhausted.
- Justice Matthews[1]
There are few issues more hotly debated than the citation to foreign or international law[2] by U.S. courts. It divided the Supreme Court and sparked a vigorous debate among academics and other jurists.[3] In fact, the practice of U.S. judges citing and referencing foreign sources has been the subject of congressional hearings[4] and resolutions,[5] and vigorously discussed during the confirmation hearings for Supreme Court Justices Roberts, Alito, and Sotomayor.[6] Interestingly, many would, and have, argued that this is not a new debate, and may be at least two millennia old.[7]
In an attempt to bridge the gap in the research of this specific area, this paper pursues two avenues of analysis. First, this paper traces the reference to, and reliance on, foreign sources by the U.S. Supreme Court since the Founding to identify whether this practice is a traditional mechanism of American jurisprudence or whether it is only a novel approach to judging instituted in recent high-profile constitutional cases. Second, this paper then assesses the main arguments for and against referencing foreign sources in domestic decisions.
It is at this point in the research (i.e., after reviewing the U.S. practice) where most articles written by American scholars and jurists stop their analysis. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between the American debate and the foreign experience of using foreign sources in judicial decisions by exploring the practice of the Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union to cite to both the U.S. Supreme Court and other foreign sources. By doing so, this paper attempts to illustrate the benefits of citing to foreign sources. As a result, it argues that the U.S. Supreme Court should continue to reference foreign sources in certain types of cases, so long as it does so responsibly.
[1] Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 531 (1884).
[2] Although foreign or international law could constitute a wide variety of materials from different time periods, the terms foreign and international law ("foreign sources") for the purposes of this paper shall include statutes and cases arrived at after American independence including foreign and international tribunals, as well as writings of foreign jurists and scholars.
[3] See infra Part II.B.
[4] Appropriate Role of Foreign Judgments in the Interpretation of American Law: Hearing on H.R. Res. 568 Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution of the H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 108th Cong. 57 app. (2004).
[5] H.R. Res. 446, 108th Cong. (2003), H.R. Res. 568, 108th Cong. (2004), H.R. Res. 97, 109th Cong. (2005), S. Res. 92, 109th Cong. (2005).
[6] See, e.g., Transcript, Sotomayor Confirmation Hearings, N.Y. Times (July 14, 2009), available at http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/us/politics/14confirm-text.html?pagewanted=all.
[7] Vincent Martin Bonventre, Aristotle, Cicero and Cardozo: A Perspective on External Law, 69 Alb. L. Rev. 645, 646–48 (2005) (noting that Aristotle lectured advocates to not simply argue "the letter of the written law," but to reference common principles of universal law to realize "the full purpose of the law").
Read the entire paper here.
Labels: EU CtJus, Foreign Sources, International Law, SupCt


Just bring BLT, Psycraft, Infected, Astral, Space Cat and Oforia, as well as a few others, and you will have no problems!
Depends what kind of party you want to throw and what kind of crowd you want to come.
Nir, Unless you are knowledgable about music find someone who is and let him build a lineup.
makign a party is much more than building a good lineup.
make sure you have all the rest orgenised and then worry about the lineup..
much much cheeper... and many times better then the "big names"
well i have been thinking and i think to bring skazi and some not so famus cause i am looking to do a good party with good ppl and to be underground party so i am taking the big names so what do you say about skazi??
or someone who knows how to make u smile like crazy.
I think that I don't like skazi's music at all!!!
and he can't really mix.
get dj's who will play night music all the party!!!
well i am steel stuck with my problem about what dj to bring.
sound's exellant but what is the order u want to put them on?


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Bruce Nauman: the true artist
18.NAUM
Introduction -- Schooling the school -- The true artist -- Negative space -- American abroad -- Nauman in New York -- The dancer from the dance and the L.A. retrospective -- Upping the ante, leaving town -- Video redux -- Political art -- Horses and other animals -- The late show -- Deft in Venice -- Nauman now -- Appendices
Bruce Nauman (b. 1941) is one of the most innovative, provocative and influential artists working today. His pioneering explorations of sculpture, performance, sound, video and installations - always questioning the role of the artist - have broken new ground and inspired innumerable artists' careers. Confronted with what to do in his studio soon after graduating, Nauman had the simple but profound realization that 'If I was an artist and I was in the studio, then whatever I was doing in the studio must be art. At this point art became more of an activity and less of a product.' Exploring Nauman's relationship to the place where he creates his strikingly original works, Bruce Nauman: The True Artist retraces back to the artist's youth in Fort Wayne, Indiana, his graduate work at the University of California, Davis, through to the present day. Nauman's continual search for new means and sources of expression have led him to experiment with a very wide variety of medium (photography, performance, sculpture, installations, video, neon sign, and sound) as well as to explore the relationship between words and images. Nauman's apotheosis as one of the world's most highly lauded artists came as he was ranked No. 1 in the world by Artfacts.net in 2006, and he was the sole US representative in the American Pavilion at the 2009 Venice Biennale. Peter Plagens, best known to the general public for his work as art critic at Newsweek, has known Nauman for over forty years, and in his own words describes this book as 'about my trying to get at the real truth of Bruce Nauman's work'. They first met in 1970, when their studios were a block apart in Pasadena, California, and they played basketball together every Sunday. Since then Plagens has pursued a real understanding of his friend's art and in this book presents it from his uniquely insightful perspective, including chronicling as it happened the creation of works in Nauman's studio in Galisteo, New Mexico, and the organization, installation and reception of his exhibitions. Throughout, Plagens is a savvy and engaging guide to the work, using his own attempts to puzzle out the meaning of the pieces, and the artist's conversations about them, to offer the reader a vivid, personal and enlightening take on one of the key figures in contemporary art.
Peter Plagens is best known to the general public for his work as Senior Writer and staff art critic at Newsweek (1989-2003), for which he continues to write occasional art criticism as Contributing Editor. He is also a frequent contributor to periodicals including Aperture, Art in America, Art News, Art & Auction, Artforum, Art Review, Bookforum, The Chronicle of Higher Education, Civilization, L.A. Weekly, the Los Angeles Times, The Nation, The New Art Examiner, the New England Review, the New York Observer and The New York Times. He has also written a classic history of modern art on the West Coast (Sunshine Muse), a novel (Time for Robo), and an anthology of his art criticism (Moonlight Blues). In addition, he has written catalogue essays for the Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume and the Irish Cultural Center in Paris, The Fellows of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, the CUE Art Foundation in New York, and The Modern Art Museum in Fort Worth. He is also a painter whose work has appeared in many exhibitions, including a retrospective at the University of Southern California in 2004. Peter Plagens lives in New York City.
287 pages : illustrations, portraits (black and white, and colour) ; 31 cm.
Peter Plagens
Phaidon Press Ltd, London
Artist (relating to a single artist/collaborative team)
Artist's Nationality
American (USA)
Marianne Ryan
Surasi Kusolwong
Shynola
Kerstin Nigsch
Gemma Iles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Paternity & Custody
Relocation/Removal From Jurisdiction
Joint Custody vs. Sole CustodyDivorce
Parenting Plans & Parenting Time
Asset & Debt Distribution
Protection Orders, Domestic Violence & Criminal Issues
Dads Have Rights, Too
Omaha Father's Rights Lawyer
Experienced Divorce and Child Custody Lawyer in Douglas County and Surrounding Counties
At The Law Offices of James A. Adams, P.C., L.L.O., we aggressively represent fathers who understand the importance of taking an active role in raising their children. Our clients want to maintain their rights to guide their children toward successful futures. These cases can be very combative, difficult and intense. At The Law Offices of James A. Adams, P.C., L.L.O., we specialize in these types of cases. If it were easy, anyone could handle these cases. You need someone who is up to the challenge.
Contact our Omaha office today for powerful fathers' rights protection on all family law issues.
Former Marine Sniper Prepared for Courtroom Battle
A History of Fighting for the Right Cause
Our founding attorney, James A. Adams, has built his practice on a foundation of aggressive representation, straightforward advice, honesty and integrity. In more than 21 years of legal advocacy, he has focused his pitbull mentality on securing rights for numerous Nebraska and out-of-state fathers.
Our law firm takes on difficult cases and climbs into the trenches no matter how messy it gets. Centered on protecting fathers and their families and preserving family relationships by providing personal attention and powerful litigation services, we assist people in a variety of family law practice areas.
Safeguarding the Rights of Fathers
Fathers' rights are often disregarded or neglected in a divorce, paternity, and in modification cases involving custody, child support or other matters. Traditionally, mothers were viewed as the natural caretakers of children, while fathers were seen as the breadwinners. However, times are changing, and our Omaha fathers' rights attorney is adept at handling cases where fathers are seeking to protect and assert their rights against the historic gender bias.
We believe that if you were once an involved dad, you have the right to remain involved in the lives of your children. We will fully evaluate your case, assess your potential to win custody and fight for your rights. Our motto is DADS HAVE RIGHTS TOO!
Contact Our Omaha Divorce Attorney Serving Omaha, Bellevue, Papillion and Other Communities
Call us at toll Free 800-561-9043. You may also contact us online to schedule an appointment. Our office is open Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
We ask our clients to pay a retainer upfront to secure our representation. The size of the retainer is typically related to the complexity of the particular case. We accept Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover.


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Posted on April 30, 2021 April 30, 2021 By Mose
Fortnite and Rocket League Help Your Kid Learns Some Basics in Gaming
Online video games are those games in which a player controls a character through the use of a computer and the Internet. An online game is usually a virtual computer game which is either partially or fully played over the Internet or some other network. The term "online game" may refer to a single game or to a series of related games, all of which share some or all of the same characteristics of being available on a personal computer. Online games can include computer-based role playing games, massively multi-player games (mmorpg) and the more abstract internet games. There are an estimated quarter of a million people playing online games in the United States alone.
There are several ways to play online video games. The two most common ways are to play using a web browser as in the case of Java applications or platforms like Facebook's MMORPG and MySpace's social media platform. Other players may play through a browser within a specialized chat environment like that used in IRC or Game Chat rooms. Many people still play online games through social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter.
Online social interaction is an important feature of online video games. Players are able to form forums and discussions with one another to talk about issues they are experiencing in the game. These discussions are often witty and creative. Players are even able to engage in "bug hunts" and "game testing" where players search for bugs and glitches in the game using special tools and techniques in hopes of finding or devising ways to fix the issue.
Fortnite and Rocket League are two examples of social media games that incorporate some type of online community interaction. Both games are free to download and both allow for the frequent posting of messages and the playing of interactive games and other interactive activities. Fortnite uses its Fortnite Fortified Village service to encourage its users to post messages and participate in discussions. The objective of these messages and activities is to fortify your defenses in the game so that you can be protected from being attacked by enemy players. Visit situs idn poker for more information.
This Fortnite and Rocket League integration are advantageous for two reasons. First, it helps parents monitor the activities of their kids. Second, it helps kids develop important social skills like the ability to communicate with others. Kids who develop these social skills are more likely to be socially adept adults who can be successful when they get a job and have families. Social interaction is just as important to kids as it is to adults, and it is up to parents to provide this kind of structure for their children.
Some parents who do not feel comfortable with the idea of their kids playing multiplayer online video games might worry that allowing them will somehow lead their children into improper behavior or even lead them to become addicted to them. Fortunately, there is little evidence to support that theory. The fact is that most kids play multiplayer games because they are trying to develop their own skills in the game, and this type of game requires a lot of skill. By giving their attention to these games, kids are developing important social skills that will make them ready for real life. In fact, research shows that kids who play multiplayer online video games are less likely to grow up with a real-world need for money by the time they reach 18.
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'Murderous intent' - did mother's killer mean to do it?
Alexis Jeffery. Were jurors given the right advice before finding Robert Ian Trebeck guilty of her murder? Supplied
by johnweekes
John Weekes John is a court reporter for News Regional. He previously worked as a police reporter, breaking news reporter, and Sunday newspaper journalist covering politics, entertainment and consumer affairs.
28th Feb 2018 2:55 PM | Updated: 1st Mar 2018 7:15 AM
JUST three weeks after meeting him on Facebook, she was dead.
Beside Goondiwindi's Macintyre River, Robert Ian Trebeck murdered young mother Alexis Jeffery, strangling and suffocating her, then dragging her body away.
That is what jurors agreed on at Trebeck's murder trial in Toowoomba in 2016.
But Trebeck's murder conviction has now sparked an appeal to the state's highest court.
Barrister Saul Holt QC appeared for Trebeck on Tuesday.
He told Queensland Court of Appeal that jurors received "extraordinarily generic" directions before finding Trebeck guilty.
Mr Holt raised concerns with how Justice Glenn Martin directed jurors in relation to Trebeck's actions after Jeffery's death.
This evidence included the disposal of Ms Jeffery's body, lies Trebeck allegedly told police, and the disposal of clothes after the killing.
It was previously reported Trebeck killed the mother of three by wrapping her jeans around her neck.
He then put the jeans and some underwear in a hedge 100m away, on Short St.
Carl Heaton QC, representing the public prosecutor, said Trebeck's was "a straightforward circumstantial case".
And he said jurors had "powerful evidence" regardless of generic directions they got.
Other issues at Tuesday's hearing included whether directions were enough to help jurors understand Trebeck's intentions.
"You do have to establish the murderous intent," Justice David Boddice told Mr Heaton.
"There is a requirement for the judge to identify, in respect of post-offence conduct, whether it goes only to the question of manslaughter or to murderous intent. That didn't happen here," the judge added.
"This is the difficulty. A live issue for the jury was, once you find he's the killer, you still have to decide whether it's murder or manslaughter."
Mr Heaton replied: "This was, as far as the defendant was concerned, a case of murder or nothing. That's the way the case was litigated."
But Justice Boddice seemed unpersuaded, saying the onus was on the Crown to prove murderous intent.
After the jury's verdict in November 2016, Justice Martin sentenced Trebeck, then 35, to life in prison.
If the appeal is upheld, a retrial may be ordered.
Ms Jeffery was killed on March 16, 2014.
She was 24. -NewsRegional
alexis jeffery
queensland court of appeal
robert ian trebeck
toowoomba court
alexis jeffery goondiwindi murder queensland court of appeal robert ian trebeck toowoomba court


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Local Heroes launches in Ireland! | Local Heroes
Local Heroes launches in Ireland!
A year after launching nationally in the UK, Local Heroes has launched in Ireland! Backed by Bord Gáis Energy, Local Heroes will initially operate in Dublin to connect customers with plumbers and heating engineers, with further services and areas to be added in the near future.
Local Heroes will provide Irish customers with a seamless experience when looking for a vetted and trusted tradesperson, from searching for a job and receiving a price estimate, through to confirmation and online payment. All work is covered by a 12 month guarantee, backed by Bord Gáis Energy.
Mark Prentice, Managing Director of Bord Gáis Energy, says "I am delighted to announce that Local Heroes is now up and running in Ireland. This follows 10 months of great collaboration between the teams in the UK and our team here. A big thanks to everyone involved from around the business in getting this project over the line."
Mat Moakes, Head of Local Heroes in the UK, added, "After lots of hard work from teams in the UK and in Ireland, it's great that we're piloting in Dublin. Local Heroes is committed to providing a great customer experience and we're looking forward to connecting even more customers with reliable tradespeople."
"Local Heroes is committed to providing a great customer experience and we're looking forward to connecting even more customers with reliable tradespeople."
Mat Moakes, Head of Local Heroes UK
Local Heroes has completed more than 50,000 jobs in the UK since launching nationally last year. We are proud of our great customer service, with an NPS score of 81 and TrustPilot rating of 'Excellent', and recently won two awards for Customer Engagement and Impact at the Peer Awards for Excellence.
Find a Trusted Local Tradesperson
Easy online booking with a 12 month guarantee
What needs doing?
« Hero app goes live!Local Heroes wins at the Peer Awards! »


This article reviews adding, renaming and deleting Types and the options available to manage types.
Scopes are managed through the UI on the 'Rule Definition' pages. This article reviews the options to manage scopes.


Went for a ride on the Harley with the local HOG club to Ubon the eastern most point in Thailand around 650km from BKK. Followed the Cambodia border then followed the Lao border. It was a great ride and My son came with me as it was a holiday weekend. We visited a Khmar temple complex that was well preserved. Had a great weekend trip.
There are many ruins or remains of ancient Khmer (Cambodian) temples (or wats) across Thailand especially in the north eastern part.
Korat is roughly 259 km from Bangkok and there are several buses as well as trains running between the two places. If you drive your own car it would take about 4 hours.
Korat to Prasat Phanom Wan is only 20 km. Follow the highway no. 2 to the north-east for 15 km and take a right turn into a marked road which takes you another 5 km to this ruins of ancient Khmer architectural work piece.
Although most of it is in ruins the square main pagoda, multi-tiered pagoda, and the path linking the two structures are still in good shape. It is believed that this temple was built in the 15th Buddhist century (10 - 11th century current calendar). According to the inscriptions found at the site the sanctuary was used in the Hindu religion and later became a Buddhist site.
Prasat Hin Phimai is located on the same highway no. 2. Compared to the first it is a popular tourist site. To reach to Prasat Hin Phimai, track back to the highway no. 2 and drive further north-east for 20 km. You will see a sign and a right turn road that will take you 10 km to the temple.
At the entrance is a Naga bridge. There are two stone lion figures sitting on both sides at the front porch. There are 4 entering porches to the sanctuary which is around 565 meters x 1030 meters. Above each porch is a lintel of various designs. A little strange thing is that this sanctuary faces south while the others usually face east.
After passing the outer area of the sanctuary enter the inner area through one of the four porchways on the inner wall. The main tower in the center is made of white sandstone while porches and walls are made of red sandstone. The main tower is 28 meters high with a square base, a portico, stairways, and doors in all 4 directions.
According to the curvings on the stone bricks, the tower was said to be built at the end of 17th Buddhist century (11 - 12th century current calendar). These curvings are of two styles: Baphoun (1007 - 1107) and Angkor Wat (1107 - 1157). They show the stories of Hindu and Buddha.
That looks like an interesting trip. I love the old style stone work. It looks a lot nicer than the Myan Ruins.


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Cover to Spider-Man 2099 #1. Art by Rick Leonardi.
The Amazing Spider-Man #365 (August 1992)
(based upon the original character by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko)
Miguel O'Hara
Superhuman strength, speed, agility, reflexes, durability, and hearing
Enhanced healing and health
Enhanced vision (telescopic and night-vision)
Genius-level intellect
Talons on fingers and toes that enable wall-crawling, act as weapons, and can be folded down
Organic webbing from forearms
Temporary-paralysis venom from fangs
Wears indestructible costume of unstable molecule fabric with air-foil that allows gliding
Spider-Man 2099 (Miguel O'Hara) is a fictional comic book superhero, created by Peter David and Rick Leonardi in 1992 for Marvel Comics' Marvel 2099 line. His secret alter ego is Miguel O'Hara, a brilliant geneticist living in New York in the year 2099 A.D. who is attempting to recreate the abilities of the original Spider-Man in other people and later suffers a related accident that causes half his DNA to be re-written with a spider's genetic code. O'Hara is the first Latino Spider-Man.[1]
2.3 Heroic career
2.4 Spider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man
2.5 Revelations and One Nation Under Doom
2.6 Venom and Goblin 2099
2.7 After series cancellation
3.1 Weaknesses and deformities
3.2 Paraphernalia
4.1 Destiny War
4.2 2998 AD
4.3 What The--?!
4.4 Exiles
4.5 Timestorm 2009–2099
5.2 Toys
Spider-Man 2099 is a direct result of the 30th anniversary of Spider-Man's first appearance. Spider-Man 2099 was one of the many Marvel characters to be re-imagined for the Marvel 2099 comic book line that showed future versions of classic Marvel characters living in the year 2099, a century after the current Marvel Universe time period (the Marvel 2099 timeline began its run in 1992, approximately 107 years prior to the year in which the new books would take place). Spider-Man 2099 was first featured in a five page sneak preview of the first issue of his then-upcoming series in the 30th anniversary issue of The Amazing Spider-Man. The Spider-Man 2099 series' first issue appeared shortly afterward. When originally published, the Marvel 2099 stories were meant to depict the official future of the Marvel Universe: a dystopian America governed by corrupt megacorporations with a number of cyberpunk elements.
The character was originally designed by artist Rick Leonardi, with Peter David brought onto the series as writer to flesh out the character's alter ego and supporting characters. Spider-Man 2099 #1 was written by Peter David, pencilled by Rick Leonardi, inked by Al Williamson, and lettered by Rick Parker.[2] Peter David has said that Spider-Man 2099 #1 is the highest selling single issue of any comic he has ever written.[3]
Although the book was continuously selling more than 100,000 copies per issue, the book and entire 2099 comic line underwent a drastic shift in early 1996, with the firing of the 2099 series editor Joey Cavalieri. At this time, Marvel's finances and future were unstable, and sudden firings were quite common. Like virtually all of the other writers in the line, Peter David chose to show solidarity with his editor, and resigned from the book with issue #44.[4]
Marvel turned the remaining 2099 issues over to fill-in writers and editors. The last two issues of Spider-Man 2099 were done without Peter David's input and the series ended with issue #46. A few months later, demonstrating the popularity of the 2099 imprint, Marvel announced they would publish a new 2099 title, 2099: World of Tomorrow, immediately following the last issues of the original titles, under the new staff. The new bi-monthly title lasted eight issues and was meant to serve as a finale for the 2099 line and the end of its regular publication.
Miguel O'Hara was seen again without a costume in 1998 in 2099: Manifest Destiny, a one-shot issue intended to bring further closure to the 2099 line and its unresolved storylines. The character has since made several cameo and guest appearances in such titles as Captain Marvel vol. 3, #27-30 (written by Peter David), and most recently in Exiles #75-99.[5] It was announced in January 2009 that Marvel would be publishing a collected edition of the first ten issues of the original series in April.[6] The character and setting were later revisited and reimagined for the Timestorm 2009–2099 four-issue limited series published from April to August 2009.[7]
Miguel O'Hara is born in New York City, many years after the end of what his people's history calls the "Heroic Age", which is the modern day era of Marvel heroes. He grows up with his mother Conchata, his younger brother Gabriel, and the abusive father George O'Hara. A rebellious boy with prodigy-level intelligence, Miguel is an adolescent when he is awarded enrollment into the Alchemax School for Gifted Youngsters (heavily implied to be a renovated version of the X-Men's headquarters) in Westchester, owned by the powerful Alchemax megacorporation which also controls local law enforcement agencies. Here, he befriends Xina Kwan, a girl of similar intelligence who specializes in computers. Xina helps Miguel defend himself against the bully Kron Stone, son of Tyler Stone, Vice President of R&D for Alchemax.[8]
As adults, Miguel and Xina date seriously until Miguel cheats on her with Dana D'Angelo, who originally is the girlfriend of Miguel's brother Gabe.[9] Later on, Miguel and Dana are engaged. Though seemingly arrogant and confident in all walks of life, Miguel is a very private man and trusts almost no one save for his apartment's holographic aid Lyla, an artificial intelligence programmed by Xina.
Miguel eventually becomes head of the genetics program of Alchemax, intended to create new corporation-controlled super-powered soldiers called "corporate raiders." Miguel is specifically inspired by surviving records concerning Spider-Man and hopes to one day create a similarly powered person. But after a human test subject dies during an early experiment, Miguel tells Tyler Stone he wishes to resign from Alchemax and discontinue his genetics research.
Rather than let Miguel leave, Tyler Stone tricks him into taking Rapture, an addictive drug that genetically bonds to the user. Tyler reminds Miguel that only Alchemax is allowed to legally distribute this drug, so if O'Hara does not remain with the corporation then Tyler must assume he is getting the drug from the black market and will be forced to tell the police. Not wishing to be a blackmailed addict, Miguel recalls that he entered his own genetic code into his machine's databanks during initial experiments, using it as a human DNA test sample. Intending to use this older template of his pure genetic code to write over his current biology and free himself from the Rapture, Miguel sneaks into Alchemax and uses the gene alteration machines on himself.
After Miguel turns on the machine to rewrite his DNA, his jealous subordinate Aaron Delgado sabotages the machines, causing them to alter Miguel's genetic code to be "50% spider DNA." Miguel survives the process, but realizes he now has spider-abilities.[10]
Realizing that there is now a person with abilities similar to Spider-Man, Tyler Stone sends agents to hunt this person. To conceal his identity while he fights his pursuers, Miguel dons a bodysuit with a mask that he once wore for the Mexican Day of the Dead festival. Miguel chooses this costume in particular because it is the only clothing he has that is made from "UMF" (Unstable Molecule Fabric), meaning it is the only clothing he owns that will not be torn or shred by the spider-talons that now occupy his hands and feet. After seeing him operate in public, a group of Thorites (worshipers of the Marvel hero Thor) come to believe that Miguel is the legendary Spider-Man back from the dead and that he is the harbinger of Thor's eventual return.[11]
Heroic career
Originally focused with finding a cure for his condition, Miguel's further adventures as Spider-Man 2099 cause him to realize how ignorant of the world he was and how he had turned a blind eye to the oppression and pain the corporations of the world have caused. He is also surprised at the effect his presence has on the people who have been oppressed for so long, particularly his own mother, who ironically also hates the man her eldest son has become, admires the exploits of Spider-Man 2099. After this, Miguel decides to embrace his identity as Spider-Man. Donning his costume, he publicly proclaims himself to be an enemy to all the megacorps, saying he will use his powers to fight for ordinary people against those in power who abuse their influence and authority.[12]
Later on, Miguel discovers that an arrogant scientist at Alchemax called Jordan Boone is conducting "Virtual Unreality" experiments to create a doorway into another dimension. These experiments lead to the release of two mysterious figures: the Net Prophet, called "the prophet of Thor" by the Thorites, and a powerful megalomaniac called Thanatos. The Net Prophet becomes a new ally to Miguel. Since the Net Prophet is believed to be Thor's prophet, his association with Spider-Man 2099 leads more people to believe that Miguel's alter ego is the harbinger of Thor.[13]
In the "Time Flies Saga" that occurs years later in Peter David's Captain Marvel series, it is revealed that the Net Prophet is actually the hero Justice (John Roger Tensen) and that Thanatos is a corrupt version of Rick Jones from Earth-9309.[14]
The first major crossover of Marvel 2099 happens when Miguel and Dana visit Alchemax's floating city "Valhalla" and are startled by the sudden appearance of two men claiming to be Thor and Heimdall, respectively. It is later discovered that Alchemax CEO Avatarr has transformed ordinary people into duplicates of the Asgardians in order to eliminate the rising influence of new superheroes over the public. By joining forces, Doom, Ravage, the Punisher (Jake Gallows), the X-Men, and Spider-Man 2099 are able to defeat the fake Aesir and Valhalla falls.[15]
Miguel later learns that Gabe is aware of his double-identity, having recognized Spider-Man's costume from what Miguel wore to the Day of the Dead festival years ago. Gabe has grown a bit resentful of Miguel's new heroic career, particularly since his girlfriend Kasey seems enamored with the costumed Spider-Man 2099.[16]
After his holographic aid Lyla suffers a serious malfunction, Miguel asks for repairs from his ex-girlfriend Xina. Dana later accuses Miguel of cheating on her with Xina and Miguel becomes angry about this and about Dana's noticeably increasing interest in Tyler Stone. The two break up and Xina and Miguel become companions again.[17]
Spider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man
In the 1995 one-shot Spider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man, Miguel and Peter Parker, the Spider-Man of the Heroic Age, find themselves having switched places, with Miguel waking up next to Peter's wife, Mary Jane, and Spider-Man finding himself in the future. They discover that their predicament is caused by Fujikawa (in the Modern Age) and Alchemax (in the year 2099) running experiments on a temporal energy generator. While Peter tackles the Vulture of 2099, Miguel faces Venom (Eddie Brock). Miguel realizes that this temporal anomaly is what will cause the end of the Heroic Age, since where he is in the past is when history tells him all the heroes and much of Earth's culture and technology were wiped out.
The two Spider-Man characters were united to face a major cause of the chaos, a time-traveling female Hobgoblin of the year 2211 (Robin Borne) from the alternate universe of Earth-9500. They are aided by this Hobgoblin's father, Spider-Man (Max Borne), and eventually everyone is sent back to their respective times.[18]
It is noted at the end of this adventure that by being in the past, Miguel has slightly altered his present world of 2099 since he has postponed when the Heroic Age will end to a now unknown date.[18] This implied that the world of Marvel 2099 might no longer have been the definite future of the modern Marvel Universe and in later stories it was said that Marvel 2099 occurs on the parallel world of Earth-928 (mainstream Marvel stories occur on Earth-616).
Revelations and One Nation Under Doom
While eavesdropping on a conversation between his mother and Tyler Stone, Miguel learns that the Rapture that Stone gave him was only a short-lasting simulation and would have worn off in time. He also learns that Tyler Stone is his real father. Bothered by this, he leaves New York to go traveling with Xina.[17]
Later on, Doom 2099 assumes control over the U.S. and its megacorps. Tyler Stone is appointed as Doom's Corporate Minister and Miguel is offered the seat of CEO of Alchemax. Later, Doom 2099 offers Spider-Man 2099 the position of Minister of Supernormal Affairs. Miguel eventually accepts the position at Alchemax, deciding to change the company for the better. He also uses his new influence to order law enforcement to leave Spider-Man 2099 alone.[19]
Venom and Goblin 2099
After assuming his new position of power, Miguel winds up encountering a modern version of the original Spider-Man's enemy Venom. The Venom symbiote, still alive, though slightly altered, takes on a new host body and attacks Tyler Stone. During a later battle between Spider-Man 2099 and Venom 2099, Dana is killed.[20]
Soon after this, a new villain called the Goblin appears and begins a smear campaign against Spider-Man 2099, displaying out-of-context evidence that implies he is actually a tool of the corporations and only pretends to be a hero of the people. Miguel hopes to get aid from Doom 2099, but the monarch is then removed from power.[21]
Towards the end of the Spider-Man 2099 series, Miguel confronts the Goblin again and learns that it is actually his brother Gabe, twisted by jealousy towards his brother. But Miguel discovers that this is a trick, that the Goblin is a shape-shifter who has replaced Gabe. Meanwhile, various events and conflicting forces lead to Downtown being flooded and the main Alchemax building being destroyed.[22]
After series cancellation
In 2099: World of Tomorrow, the polar ice caps melt and a massive deluge kills most of the world's inhabitants. The remnants of humanity face a new threat from space: the techno-organic Phalanx. Spider-Man works together with Doom 2099 to end the invasion, in which Doom sacrifices himself for the survival of mankind.[23]
In the later one-shot 2099: Manifest Destiny, society rebuilds following the Phalanx invasion. Miguel reopens Alchemax and marries Xina. Together, they reawaken Steve Rogers, offering him Thor's hammer, Mjolnir (it had been previously established in mainstream Marvel Comics that Steve Rogers was deemed worthy to lift Mjolnir). Jettisoned into space, Rogers passes Mjolnir back to Miguel, who is likewise deemed worthy enough to lift and wield the mystical hammer, gaining new power from it.
Secretly aided by Zero Cochrane 2.0 (Ghost Rider 2099), Miguel rules for the next thousand years, ushering in an unprecedented age of enlightenment. Peace, morality, and progress spread from Earth to the surrounding worlds. In 3099, Rogers is once again revived and takes the hammer, leaving Miguel to retire. Miguel O'Hara's journey from a cowardly, arrogant youth to superhero to galactic leader and icon comes to an end.[24]
Miguel O'Hara is a highly skilled geneticist and gifted with genius-level intelligence. Though he did not take combat training, he quickly develops an effective fighting style that maximizes the use of his superhuman agility, strength, senses, and intellect.
After having half of his DNA re-written with the genetic code of a spider, Miguel develops a wide array of powers. He has the proportionate strength, speed, and agility of a spider. If his strength is equal to that of the original Spider-Man, he should be able to lift a maximum of approximately 10-15 tons and leap roughly 30 feet in the air. His speed allows him to dodge gunfire from a short distance away and move several times faster than a normal human being can. His superhuman agility and dexterity allow him to perform complicated acrobatic and gymnastic maneuvers that would be impossible for even the most highly-trained athlete and help him achieve and regain perfect balance even under extraordinary combat situations. Access to these abilities are largely instinctual, due to his re-written genetic code.
Miguel's powers give him increased vitality and resistance to injury. He once suffered a punctured lung, broken ribs and major abrasions, and was still able to make it to a hospital where doctors said only his amazing constitution kept him alive. His metabolism allows him to heal a few times faster than a normal human, although he does not have a superhuman healing factor such as Wolverine.
Unlike the original Spider-Man, Miguel O'Hara does not possess an extra-sensory "spider-sense" or "danger-sense" that warns him of oncoming threats. On the other hand, Miguel possess enhanced vision and hearing, which the original Spider-Man did not have. He can see in complete darkness and can accurately perceive and "zoom-in" on people and objects that are a great distance away. Thanks to his enhanced vision and reflexes, he can accurately perceive objects in motion that a normal person would see only as a blur. Miguel's hearing is also enhanced, though not to the extent of his vision.
Spinnerets in his forearms enable him to fire an organic adhesive substance from the top of his wrists, usable in a wide variety of ways. Like the original Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Spider-Man 2099 can travel at high speeds swinging on "web-lines" when necessary, and he can use his webbing to ensnare enemies. Over time, this webbing loses its tensile strength and can be removed.
Although the original Spider-Man is able to have any part of his body (such as his back) adhere to surfaces through unknown and invisible means, Miguel can only cling to surfaces with his hands and feet due to angled talons protruding from his fingers and toes. These talons are not retractable but can fold down when Miguel concentrates and do so automatically when he touches his own skin so that he does not injure himself (of which he is particularly thankful to discover, as he remarks that otherwise, "going to the bathroom would be an adventure, and picking [his] nose would be lethal"). Though only approximately an inch in length, Miguel O'Hara's talons are capable of easily slicing through flesh and plastic. They can even rend metal armor, possibly because they are also enforced by Miguel's enhanced strength.
Spider-Man 2099 possesses venom glands and pronounced, pointed canine teeth. When he bites a foe, he can release a toxin that temporarily paralyzes his enemy. While the exact makeup of his venom has never been discussed, it seems powerful enough to affect such foes as Thanatos and it differs from real spider venom in that it does not seem to act as a digestive agent.
Weaknesses and deformities
A side-effect of Spider-Man 2099's enhanced senses is that his eyes gained red irises and are now overly sensitive to light. To protect himself from being blinded and to hide his strangely colored eyes, Miguel makes a habit of wearing sunglasses. When Spider-Man 2099 uses his enhanced sight to zoom-in on an object that is far away, his eyes often become completely white, with no visible irises or pupils.
Miguel also cannot retract his fangs and so has had to learn how to speak in a way that does not reveal his strange teeth. On occasion, this has caused others to accuse him of mumbling.
Since Miguel has organic spinnerets, pressure on his forearms has occasionally caused him to release webbing without meaning to. Likewise, when Miguel has lost his temper, his talons have occasionally popped up from his fingers in response.
Spider-Man 2099 has a small, web-like airfoil attached to the back of his costume, which fans have sometimes called a "web-cape." The material for the air foil was obtained from a Thorite's hang-glider and is made from a material called "Lyte Byte" which is specially made to capture and direct air currents and gives off a low-level of anti-gravity particles. This allows Spider-Man 2099 limited gliding abilities, valuable since the New York of 2099 has massive sky scrapers that are often too far away for him to fire a web-line for travel. The Lyte Byte material also allows him to shift direction while in free fall and is very good at slowing down his descent, allowing him to fall from great distances without reaching terminal velocity. It is important to note though that this does not grant Spider-Man 2099 actual flying abilities. He cannot hover nor can he simply rise into the air at will.
Spider-Man 2099's costume is made from Unstable Molecule Fabric or "UMF." Originally invented by Reed Richards of the Fantastic Four, this fabric was made to be indestructible and was designed to interact with super-powers without hampering them. Miguel uses his talons through the UMF gloves and boots without tearing the cloth. The UMF does not dull the strength or sharpness of his talons in the process. The UMF costume has also offered Spider-Man 2099 limited protection from energy weapons, as the energy blasts could not penetrate it. However, this did not prevent Miguel from suffering the impact of the blasts, and he was still seriously injured. Likewise, if Miguel fell from a great height, the UMF would not protect him from the impact of landing, it simply would not tear in the process.
While in costume, Miguel often reinforced his mask with webbing so that enemies could not remove it if he were captured or disabled in some way.
Destiny War
Another version of Spider-Man 2099 was one of the alternate Avengers seen briefly during the Destiny War in Avengers Forever #12.
In The Amazing Spider-Man #439, the issue takes place 1,000 years (2998 based on the release date of the issue) in the future. Two archaeologists stumble across relics belonging to Spider-Man (such as his webshooters). They speculate on his career, and discuss the other heroes who were inspired by him, such as Spider-Girl, Spider-Man 2099, and Spider-Man 2211.
What The--?!
In issue #26 of What The--?!, a humor anthology title, the character Spider-Ham (an anthropomorphic pig who parodied the original Spider-Man) was reworked for a parody of Spider-Man 2099 entitled "Spider-Ham 15.88". A laboratory janitor named "Piguel O'Hara" accidentally falls into a vat of spider venom and gains spider-powers. A short (and confusing) excursion as Spider-Ham 2099 follows, including encounters with parody versions of Punisher 2099 and Ravage 2099.
Spider-Man 2099 with the Exiles.
After battling the Exiles, a team of heroes from parallel worlds who attempt to fix damaged realities, the villain Proteus possesses the body of John "Net Prophet" Tensen[25] and escapes to the parallel Earth designated Earth-928 via Jordan Boone's Virtual Unreality portal (mirroring the Net Prophet's first arrival into 2099). This is the world of the Marvel 2099 future, though Proteus arrives at a time before Doom overtook leadership of the United States.
Proteus then assumes possession of the Hulk of that era.[26] Spider-Man 2099 joins forces with the Exiles to stop him. Proteus, being too strong for his opponent, unmasks Miguel O'Hara before the public. Spider-Man 2099 then convinces Proteus that coming to his reality was a mistake and that he should move on. Later, feeling guilty that he has inflicted the crazed villain onto a parallel Earth, and now afraid of being hunted down since his identity has been exposed, Spider-Man 2099 leaves his world and joins the Exiles in their quest to stop Proteus.[27]
After Proteus is defeated, Spider-Man 2099 remains with the Exiles to help them continue to fix damaged realities. After a couple more adventures, the Exiles are scattered across the multiverse and Miguel O'Hara winds up on a parallel world where he is found by a red-haired woman living on the beach. After an unspecified amount of time, the woman and Miguel fall in love and he remains on that world.[28]
The appearance of Proteus in the 2099 era before Doom 2099 comes into power causes a divergence from the original Marvel 2099, creating a new parallel reality. This new timeline where Miguel is unmasked and leaves his world before Doom takes power over North America is now identified as Earth-6375.[29]
Timestorm 2009–2099
Main article: Timestorm 2009–2099
In the newly relaunched 2099 world, O'Hara is younger than in his original version. His father is a scientist at Alchemax and Miguel himself is a high school student attending the Pym Academy.[30] Miguel lives with his father with no siblings, as opposed to the original incarnation in which he lives with his mother and brother Gabriel.[31]
Miguel received his powers in an accident caused by the Timestorm. At the time, he was attending a class on biological re-engineering in which he and his classmates were altering the genetic code of various bugs. When the Timestorm happened, his DNA was mixed with that of the spider he was working on. His powers are extremely similar to those of Peter Parker's, with the exception of Miguel's organic webbing, that is shot from the top of his hand. As opposed to the original incarnation of Miguel O'Hara, the Timestorm version does not appear to have razor sharp "talons" on his hands and feet.[30]
After gaining his powers, he creates his Spider-Man costume in a 3D printer and helps a time-lost Peter Parker battle Scorpion 2099 (Kron Stone, who was caught in the same accident as Miguel). The original Spider-Man advises him not to be a hero as it is too dangerous, and he instead uses his powers in a fighting arena against the Atlantean Human Torch.[31]
Spider-Man 2099 was an unlockable costume for Spider-Man in the first of Activision's Spider-Man games for Sony PlayStation, Sega Dreamcast, Nintendo 64, and the Windows/PC platform. The unlockable character returned in the game's sequel, Enter Electro, produced for PlayStation. All Spider-Man characters, including Spider-Man 2099, were voiced by Rino Romano.
Marvel 2099: One Nation Under Doom is a 2D side-scrolling game with 3D rendered characters based on the "One Nation Under Doom" comic storyline. Spider-Man 2099 was a playable character in the developed, but canceled, video game by Mindscape for the PlayStation.[32]
Spider-Man 2099 is also a Wii exclusive unlockable costume for Spider-Man: Web of Shadows by completing 50 city events.
Spider-Man 2099 is a playable character in the Marvel Super Hero Squad video game.
Spider-Man 2099 is one of four versions of Spider-Man featured as playable protagonists in Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions, voiced by Dan Gilvezan, who played the role of Peter Parker in the 1980s cartoon series Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends.[33] In the game, Spider-Man 2099 can also don the outfits of Earth-616's Iron Spider-Man (worn during Marvel's Civil War), the silver Spider-Armor (worn in Web of Spider-Man #100), and his robotic nemesis Flipside's costume.[citation needed] The Timestorm 2009–2099 version of Scorpion appears as a boss. New characters that appear are Hobgoblin 2099 and a female Doctor Octopus 2099, while Madame Web bestows Miguel with a spider-sense that he can use in his missions. In addition, the Nintendo DS version features the ability to glide, a battle against Vulture 2099, and the debut of a 2099 version of Silvermane. He enjoyed the time his dimension was shattered by the Tablet of Order and Chaos as he got ot meet several past Spider-Men and got new powers.
Spider-Man 2099 is a playable character in Spider-Man: Edge of Time, voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes, who provided the voice of Spider-Man in the 1994 TV series.[34] In the game, he is trying to stop Sloan from rewriting history and allow Alchemax to be founded ahead of scheudle. He makes a chronal link with Peter Parker to help him out, but is annoyed by his additude. He travels back into the past to help Peter survive Anti-Venom's curing powers and helps defeat an evil version of Peter along with an Atrocity create from a mixture of Anti-Venom, Doc Ock and Sloan.
A Spider-Man 2099 action figure was produced by Toy Biz for their Spider-Man Classics toy line.[35] This figure was an exclusive repaint available only through KB Toys.
Hasbro took over production of Marvel Comics toys in 2007. In their first wave of figures, "Spider-Man Origins", they released a newer version of Spider-Man 2099, which was again a repaint.
WizKids created a Spider-Man 2099 figure for their HeroClix game in 2005.
^ Robinson, Bryan (16 August 2011). "Remembering the First – and Forgotten – Latino Spider-Man". Fox News Latino. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2011/08/16/remembering-first-and-forgotten-latino-spider-man/. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ Spider-Man 2099 #1 (November 1992)
^ "Looking Back: Spider-Man 2099". Newsarama. http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=1009.
^ David, Peter (March 13, 1998). "But I Digress...". Comics Buyer's Guide (1269): 78.
^ "2099 Comicboards Checklist". http://www.comicboards.com/2099ug/moderator/Exhaustive%202099%20comic%20checklist.html.
^ "Marvel Solicitations, April 2009". Comic Book Resources. January 21, 2009. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=19606. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Richards, Dave (March 13, 2009). "Back to the Future: Reed Talks Timestorm 2009/2099". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20420. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
^ Spider-Man 2099 #25-30, #32-34 (1994–1995)
^ Spider-Man 2099 #37 (November 1995)
^ Spider-Man 2099 #2
^ Spider-Man 2099 #10
^ Spider-Man 2099 #12-13
^ Captain Marvel vol. 3, #27-30 (March–May 2002)
^ a b Spider-Man 2099 #25
^ a b Spider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man
^ 2099: World of Tomorrow #7
^ "Spider-Man (2099)". Marvel.com. http://www.marvel.com/universe/Spider-Man_%282099%29.
^ "Spider-Man (Miguel O'Hara Earth-6375)". Marvel.com. http://www.marvel.com/universe/Spider-Man_2099_(Exiles).
^ Exiles #76
^ All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z #5
^ a b Timestorm 2009–2099 #2 (July 2009)
^ a b Timestorm 2009–2099: Spider-Man (August 2009)
^ "Marvel 2099: One Nation Under Doom". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/vg_graveyard/sony_17.html.
^ "Spider-Man 2099 revealed for Shattered Dimensions". http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=249393.
^ "'Spider-Man: Edge of Time' Is the Next Spidey Game From Beenox". http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2011/03/31/spider-man-edge-of-time-is-the-next-spidey-game-from-beenox/. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
^ "Raving Toy Maniac - Spider-Man 2099". ToyMania.com. http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/1312.shtml.
Spider-Man 2099 at the Marvel Universe wiki
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Spider-Man 2099 — Personnage de fiction apparaissant dans Spider Man 2099 … Wikipédia en Français
Spider-Man 2099 — Publicación Formato Serie. Primera edición noviembre de 1992 hasta agosto de 1996. Editorial … Wikipedia Español
Spider-man 2099 — est un super héros de Marvel Comics créé en 1992 par Peter David et Rick Leonardi. Ses aventures se déroulent dans le futur possible de Marvel 2099. Le Spider Man de l époque s appelle Miguel O Hara. Ce héros a eu sa série régulière jusqu à ce… … Wikipédia en Français
Spider-Man 2099 — ist eine im Jahr 1992 von Peter David und Rick Leonardi in den Marvel Comics publizierte Fortsetzung der Comic Reihe Spider Man. Die Handlung spielt, wie der Name bereits verrät, im Jahre 2099 und ist lediglich lose an die Originalserie… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Spider-Man : Dimensions — Spider Man : Dimensions Éditeur Activision Développeur Beenox, Griptonite Games (Nintendo DS) Concepteur Daniel J. Soulsby Dan Slott (scénariste) Ramiro Bélanger James Michael Dooley (musique) Date de sortie … Wikipédia en Français
Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions — Spider Man: Shattered Dimensions … Википедия
Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions — es un videojuego que fue lanzado en Estados Unidos en septiembre del año 2010 para las plataformas de PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PC, Wii y Nintendo DS.[1] Este juego, desarrollado por Activision, narra la historia de Peter Parker tratando de salvar … Wikipedia Español
Spider-Man: Edge of Time — es un videojuego de acción para el Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Microsoft Windows, Wii, Nintendo DS y el Nintendo 3DS , esta siendo desarrollado por Activision y Beenox. Es la secuela de Spider Man: Shattered Dimensions. El videojuego salio a la… … Wikipedia Español
Spider-man — Cet article concerne le personnage de fiction. Pour les autres significations, voir Spider Man (homonymie). Peter Parker … Wikipédia en Français
Spider Man — Cet article concerne le personnage de fiction. Pour les autres significations, voir Spider Man (homonymie). Peter Parker … Wikipédia en Français


YIM's Mainstreaming Grassroots Innovation (MaGRIs) programme is a project that focuses on upscaling and accelerating the development and diffusion of potential grassroots innovations in Malaysia via collaboration with various parties from government, industry, grassroots community and youth.
The MaGRIs programme provides an environment to develop grassroots innovators with potential innovations and groom them to become community role models. New methods to stimulate grassroots commercial activities into mainstream commercial activities are often uncovered while grassroots innovators leverage through opportunities to mainstream their innovations into mainstream commercial activities. Often, academic and industry collaborators are roped in to support the MaGRIs programme activities.
From innovation development to commercialisation with market diffusion to inclusive communities, the programme even has its own MaGRIs Ambassador originating from the same communities, sharing community success stories and creating engagement with this targeted community. Since MaGRIs was incepted in 2016, more than 13,000 people have engaged with the programme.
Mohd Feroz Bin Zainal from Selangor, the innovator of Battery Pack C13.
Battery Pack C13 encapsulates a rechargeable battery pack which is a low-voltage, environment-friendly innovation that replaces conventional electrical generators. It is targeted to help mobile entrepreneurs save on their power generation costs with the benefits of affordability, portability and low maintenance costs.
Norshafiza Binti Zakaria and team members; Nurul Dafiqah Binti Kamarulzaman, Shafrine Binti Mohamad Morshidi and Didi Iswandi Bin Abdol Kasit from Sarawak, the innovators of Serunding Lumek Salai.
Serunding Lumek Salai is a two-pronged initiative that combines food technology innovation and social innovation. It is based on smoked "lumek" fish, predominantly found in the waters surrounding Bruit Island in Sarawak. The project provides the community of Bruit Island economic and social benefits while the innovators have also introduced a healthy, delicious and calcium-rich delicacy that is produced through innovative processing techniques, healthy cooking and modern packaging to preserve its freshness.
Puan Sariyaman binti Sabur from Sabah, the innovator of Naget Ubi Kayu Sejuk Beku.
Naget Ubi Kayu Sejuk Beku is a nutritious, multi-flavoured cassava nugget preparation. The innovation successfully combines the study of food chemistry and modern food processing techniques to create a healthy and conveniently-prepared dish or meal accompaniment that is loved across all generations.
Azhar bin Ismail and team members, Asri bin Ab Rahim, Rosnizam bin Mansor, Hamidan bin Ibrahim and Mazura binti Mohd Mohayudin from Perlis, the innovators of Galah Tuis.
This handy tool enables fruits to be swiftly and easily wrapped directly on tree branches without the need to climb up trees. The innovation protects damage to ripening fruits caused by birds, insects and tree-climbing animals such as squirrels while also reducing the risk of accidents from falling off trees. It is easy to use with minimal maintenance costs.
Jirum Manjat and Rexella Mahir from Sabah, the innovators of Toolkit Seni Cungkilan Kayu.


At Atoomclub Zwolle we applied the recognisable Atoomclub style: an energetic environment with an entrepreneurial atmosphere. A relaxed space to work, hold meetings or chat with other Atoomclub members. We worked with materials like steel, copper, leather and wood. These modern materials provide a rugged and industrial look. It is a work environment that stimulates the creativity and productivity of professionals in various ways.


text:
https://my.artistworks.com/blog/album-lifetime-guthrie-trapp
The Album of a Lifetime: Guthrie Trapp
Country Guitar
guthrie trapp
This week, we sat down with ArtistWorks electric guitar instructor, Guthrie Trapp, to discuss his new album "Life After Dark", available March, 2018.
Read our interview below. Become the best by learning from the best, click here to join Guthrie's Electric Country Guitar school for less than $25 a month.
A paraphrased conversation, December 27th, 2017:
Thanks for taking the time to talk with me today, Guthrie. We're very excited for your new album!
So am I. It's been a long time coming, but it was all worth the wait. Taking the time on it allowed me to really make it what I wanted. I had some amazing contributors, long time friends and musical influences, work on this album with me.
Thinking about the album broadly, how would you describe it?
It pays homage to the musical influences I've had throughout my life and career. All the way back to when I was a kid! About half the songs are originals and half are obscure covers. I covered the songs that I listened to all the time growing up, because they helped me develop my sound. I hate to use this phrasing, but it's really a roadmap of Americana music.
Can you give us a sneak peak of some of the music on the album?
There are 13 tracks on the album, and I'm excited about all of them. I play everything on it, from acoustic, to mandolin, jazz, funk, blues, and even gospel. Some great songs are on there, like "Nobodies Fault but Mine" and "I've Got my Mojo Working".
What makes this album so meaningful to you?
It's the soundtrack of my life story. The last track on it, "So Lonesome I Could Cry" is dedicated to my mom. I put so much of my heart and soul into this record, and I can't wait for everyone to hear it.
You talked about some exciting collaborations on "Life After Dark", can you share some of the people who worked on this?
There were so many people who made this album what it is! I worked with amazing artists, like Jeff Coffin, Sam Bush, and so many more. Everyone who influenced and helped me craft this album is important to me.
You have an exciting Spring with this album coming out, where can fans hear you perform?
I'll be touring with John Oates from January to March, so catch me on the road! Of course, students can always connect with me through my school on ArtistWorks.
That's what we love to hear! Where can students and fans get your album?
Preorder it online! It drops internationally on March 9th.
Read more about Guthrie's Electric Country Guitar school at ArtistWorks:
Guthrie Trapp Goes LIVE for Cyber Monday
How to Practice Guitar: The Ultimate 7 Step Guide
How to Outline Chord Changes on Guitar


It's a heart-breaking case – and a brain-breaking case too. What is best for the critically ill baby Charlie Gard? A year ago he wasn't merely unknown: he wasn't even born. Today millions of people around the world know about him and the rare medical condition that affects him. His mitochondria, or the tiny energy-factories inside his cells, don't work properly and leave him unable to breathe or move without a respirator.
At the moment, there's no guaranteed treatment for the condition and some medical experts, including those involved in his treatment at Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, think that it would be in his best interests to be withdrawn, allowing him to pass away without any further suffering. Understandably, his parents Charlie Gard and Connie Yates disagree. They want Charlie to be flown to the United States, where he can receive experimental treatment that gives him a small but definite chance of survival.
Inevitably, the dispute has moved to the courts. Great Ormond Street Hospital won a hearing that said it was right for doctors to have the final say in whether or not to withdraw life-support. But the legal arguments are not over. One of them, indeed, is that of whether legal arguments are appropriate. Should judges have the right to over-rule the wishes of Charlie's parents and hand the most important decision of all over to the medical profession? Like the doctors, the judges are not Charlie's flesh-and-bone. They aren't connected to him by the most intimate of all bonds: that between a parent, and particular a mother, and a child.
But some would say that the best decisions, whether medical or legal, are made by those who are able to step back and look at things from a neutral perspective. Charlie Gard and Connie Yates naturally feel enormous emotion at the thought of losing their son, but does their blood relationship make them the best judges of what is in his best interests? Their many supporters, who call themselves Charlie's Army, think that it must do, but Neena Modi, the president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, has put forward an alternative view.
She has said that the interest of the media and the intervention of figures like President Trump and the Pope have been "unhelpful", because neither the media nor the President and the Pope have all the necessary medical information required to reach good judgement. Indeed, she herself does not have that information, which, due to doctor-patient confidentiality, is restricted to Charlie's family, the doctors treating him, and the legal teams on both sides of the case, who are also bound by strict rules of confidentiality.
Some people will find it easy to decide the rights and wrong of this case, whether they decide that Charlie's parents must have the right to choose what they believe is best for their son or that the doctors treating him must have the final say. Most of us will probably be able to see good arguments on both sides. The choices are agonizing and it's fortunate that so few people have to face them. That's one reason that the story of little Charlie Gard has become so widely known and widely discussed. As outsiders, all we can do is hope or pray that the outcome of the case is truly what is best for him.


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De Houtribdijk (ook bekend als Markerwaarddijk of dijk Enkhuizen-Lelystad) is een waterkering in Nederland en vormt het kerndeel van de N307 (tot 2018: N302). De dam scheidt het IJsselmeer van het Markermeer en werd aangelegd tussen 1963 en 1976. Op de Afsluitdijk na is hij de langste dam in Nederland.

Aanleg en functie
De 26 kilometer lange dam was oorspronkelijk bedoeld voor de inpoldering van het zuidwestelijk gedeelte van het IJsselmeer tot een geprojecteerde Markerwaard, maar in 2003 is definitief besloten deze IJsselmeerpolder niet aan te leggen.

De dam werd zowel vanuit Lelystad als vanuit Enkhuizen aangelegd. Het laatste gat werd op 4 september 1975 officieel gesloten. Prins Claus plaatste ter herdenking van die gelegenheid een sluitsteen, die zich bevindt bij hectometerpaal 68,3.
Op 14 december 1976, ruim een jaar nadat de dam gereed was, werd de weg erover geopend. Hij verbindt de steden Enkhuizen (provincie Noord-Holland) en Lelystad (Flevoland). De weg is onderdeel van de N307 (tot 2018: N302).
Aan de noordoostzijde ligt een fietspad voor beide richtingen. De zuidoostelijke helft van de Houtribdijk, tussen het Bataviastrand en de Trintelhaven, is tevens met 14 kilometer de langste ononderbroken weg van Nederland.

Naam

De naam Houtribdijk is door Rijkswaterstaat aan het dijklichaam gegeven. Hij refereert aan de Houtrib, een ondiep gedeelte van het IJsselmeer waardoorheen de dijk is aangelegd. De Houtrib werd gebruikt als vaargeul tussen de ondiepere gedeelten Enkhuizerzand en Val van Urk. De weg over de dijk heeft twee namen:
 De gemeente Lelystad gaf het wegdeel binnen de gemeente Lelystad de naam Markerwaarddijk. De provincie Flevoland is de wegbeheerder van dit wegdeel. Op het grootste deel van dit wegvak mag 100 km/h gereden worden; bij de Houtribsluizen 80 km/h.
 De gemeente Enkhuizen gaf het wegdeel binnen haar gemeentegrenzen eerst de naam Zijlweg, maar veranderde dat in het jaar 2000 in Sluisweg. De provincie Noord-Holland is wegbeheerder van dit wegdeel. Op dit wegdeel mag 70 km/h gereden worden.
Het dijklichaam als geheel heet officieel nog steeds Houtribdijk en wordt beheerd door Rijkswaterstaat.

Sluizen
Voor de scheepvaart zijn in de dijk drie sluizencomplexen gebouwd: de Krabbersgatsluis, voor de beroepsvaart die niet via het naviduct kan, het Naviduct Krabbersgat voor recreatievaart en beroepsvaart, inclusief riviercruiseschepen, bij Enkhuizen, en de Houtribsluizen bij Lelystad. Het naviduct bij Enkhuizen is een combinatie van een sluis met een aquaduct en maakt het mogelijk dat scheepvaart en wegverkeer elkaar kruisen zonder hinder van elkaar te ondervinden. Naast de Krabbersgatsluis en de Houtribsluizen liggen spuisluizen die nodig zijn voor de regeling van het waterpeil van Markermeer en IJsselmeer. Ongeveer halverwege de dijk ligt de vluchthaven Trintelhaven.

Openbaar vervoer
In 1976 werd over de dijk door de Flevodienst buslijn 56 ingesteld tussen Lelystad en Enkhuizen. De bus reed doordeweeks tien keer per richting, in het weekend minder vaak. Vanaf 1981 werd de lijn als buslijn 146 door de Verenigde Autobus Diensten gereden met een aparte zomer- en winterdienst. Vanaf 1988 kreeg de lijn het nummer 150. In 1994 werd de VAD onderdeel van het nieuwe Midnet. Er werd na 1998 steeds meer geschrapt in de dienstregeling en in 1999 ging VAD op in Connexxion. Sinds december 2008 rijdt nog maar één rit per dag, scholierenlijn 650 ook toegankelijk voor andere passagiers, en rijdt in de vroege ochtend van Wervershoof naar Lelystad en in de late middag terug.

Onderhoud en vernieuwing
Van 2019 tot juni 2020 heeft Rijkswaterstaat aan de Houtribdijk een versterkingsproject uitgevoerd. De dijk voldeed niet meer aan de veiligheidsnorm van de Waterwet. Hij is versterkt met zand en steen en is nu bestand tegen stormen die gemiddeld eens in de 10.000 jaar voorkomen. De dijk is deels traditioneel versterkt met breuksteen en gietasfalt en deels innovatief met grote zandpakketten die tegen de dijk zijn aangelegd. Hierdoor ontstonden brede, zandige oevers met een volume van 10 miljoen m³ zand, waarmee de klappen van het water worden opgevangen.

Tevens biedt de dijk zo kansen tot natuurontwikkeling. De zachte overgang van zand naar water wijkt af van de vele steenoevers in het IJsselmeergebied. Dit trekt andere vissen en waterdieren aan, waardoor de biodiversiteit in het Markermeer en IJsselmeer toeneemt en ook de waterkwaliteit verbetert.

Ook zijn andere mogelijkheden voor natuur en recreatie ontwikkeld. Halverwege is aan de zuidzijde van de Houtribdijk richting Enkhuizen met zand en slib een nieuw, nat natuurgebied in het Markermeer gecreëerd, het Trintelzand. Dit plas-drasgebied trekt vogels en ander leven aan. Bij Lelystad verrijst het Bataviastrand, een nieuw watersportstrand. Aan de zuidoostelijke kant, op negen kilometer varen van Lelystad en op vier kilometer van de Houtribdijk, wordt sinds 2016 het natuurproject Marker Wadden gerealiseerd.

Dam in Nederland
IJsselmeer
Zuiderzeewerken
Bouwwerk in Lelystad
Bouwwerk in Enkhuizen
Weg in Noord-Holland
Weg in Flevoland
Markermeer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Welcome to my website. I am Anthony Conway – a keyboardist/pianist with over twenty five years playing experience. During this time I have played solo and with bands; on stage and in the studio; in a wide variety of venues from pubs to outdoor festivals; and at a wide range of functions from christenings to 100th birthday parties, and everything in between.
I also have songwriting/composition, music production, and horn arrangement experience.
I will consider all kinds of work at all kinds of venues, e.g. pubs, clubs, hotels, restaurants, corporate events, etc.
If you are a band in need of a keyboard player, be it as a regular member, or just a dep, please feel free to contact me.
I also regularly provide entertainment for nursing homes at a very reasonable rate.
So, if you are in need of a keyboardist, or would like to enquire about any of my services please do not hesitate to get in touch with me.
Still packed out in here!!!!
The Hare & Hounds reopened yesterday so we will be there this afternoon from 4-7pm.


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Is Cris Cyborg the Greatest Female MMA Fighter of All Time?
Paulie G | 10:55 22/12/21
Who is the greatest female mixed martial artist of all time?
Is it Cris Cyborg, Amanda Nunes, Ronda Rousey or someone else?
The greatest of all time is a matter of opinion. Opinions will always differ, as the question is constantly being asked throughout time. Meaning time is an important factor in the constant quest to determine who is the greatest of all time.
Since the beginning of time in women's MMA, there is one name that was always in the conversation. That name is Cyborg. Early on back in 2009, Cyborg won what was, at the time, the biggest female event by retiring Gina Carano at 4:59 of the first round. Cyborg won her first title: the Strikeforce featherweight championship of the world. You have to remember at this point in time the UFC was a men's only organization.
Many years pass and there still is only one person in the conversation about who is the greatest. The next person to join the conversation is Ronda Rousey and that begins when she won a title in the same promotion as Cyborg. Rousey won the bantamweight title by beating Miesha Tate in 2012. Rousey is great but she is a different kind of fighter. Rousey is less of a striker and more of a grappler. Rousey, being a bronze medalist in Judo, became MMA's next big thing. Her charisma and athletic skills astonished the mixed martial arts landscape with accurate and quick finishes.
However, in 2012, Rousey is not considered a GOAT. Rousey began to become great and gained a lot of attention and lots of fans but most of the MMA world is still convinced in 2012 that Cyborg is P4P #1. Rousey then became completely viral and the public really rallied behind her when she won the UFC bantamweight title at UFC 157 and went on an incredible winning streak. By 2014-2015 people are starting to believe Rousey might be just as great as Cyborg and the battle for that greatest pound-for-pound title begins. Cyborg, who is known as the GOAT, is not able to get into UFC and Rousey stole all that attention. Still, the public rallies behind Cyborg who becomes the Invicta FC featherweight champion.
The public wants to see Cris Cyborg take on Ronda Rousey during those years but for most of this sport's young history, Cyborg is the one who is most dominant. Ronda is just beginning to convince the public she is just as good or if not even better. Ronda Rousey vs Cris Cyborg never comes to fruition. Instead, both suffer defeats to Amanda Nunes. Nunes retires Rousey and knocks out Cyborg as well, who asks Nunes for a rematch.
Amanda Nunes becomes dominant, winning two UFC titles: featherweight and bantamweight. From 2015 to 2021, Nunes goes on a 12-fight winning streak and beats some of the greatest legends to ever step in a cage including Rousey and Cyborg. Nunes joined the greatest conversation a little late. Nunes competed in Strikeforce; the place where Cyborg and Rousey made their initial impact and won titles. Nunes went 1-1 in Strikeforce, suffering a TKO loss to Alexis Davis. Next, she competed in Invicta FC where she also went 1-1, suffering another loss to Sarah D'Alelio before getting the call to UFC.
Cyborg and Nunes both competed in Strikeforce and Invcita FC. Cyborg was the champion of both, going undefeated and winning two titles while Nunes went 2-2 and was not able to capture a title at that point in time.
Cris Cyborg vs Ronda Rousey was still the biggest thing in MMA during those years. Nunes was not even close to being considered a GOAT. The question was simple: Were you with Ronda or Cris? Most people were actually beginning to believe Rousey was the greatest. However Cyborg still dominated the question for the most amount of time. Cyborg was the first greatest and there was only one woman who was trying to take that from her and her name was Ronda. Looking back on it, in this writer's opinion, Rousey ducked Cris Cyborg and never gave her the opportunity to prove who was greater.
Eventually Nunes knocked Rousey into another dimension: the WWE. Rousey was already embarrassed by Holly Holm at UFC 193 in her prior fight but Nunes knocked her out cold again. At that point, Nunes was beginning to become very popular but the public was mostly convinced that Cyborg was for sure the GOAT. Nunes retired Rousey on Dec. 30, 2017. Rousey was forced out of the GOAT question on this day and was already losing credibility after her loss at UFC 193.
In 2018, the fans were pretty sure Cyborg is the GOAT. She has dominated the question from 2009 to 2018 with only one woman, Ronda Rousey, even bringing a shadow of a doubt that Cris Cyborg was not the greatest. Cyborg came to the UFC and she won the UFC featherweight title as expected. Rousey, without actually beating Cyborg, was taking a lot of her popularity, but now a new contender emerged in Amanda Nunes. Nunes eventually met Cyborg later that year at UFC 232 in December.
Amanda Nunes did the unthinkable and knocked Cyborg out in the first round. It was a sensational knockout and brutal. At this point the public began to think Nunes is the greatest of all time. The fans sometimes suffer memory loss or are fans with amnesia because Nunes who knocked out the two greats Cyborg and Rousey was not considered great during female MMA's early years 2009-2015. Nunes competed but she had several losses and was known for having bad cardio and being easy to submit. In other words, if you asked a fan in 2012 who would win between Cyborg or Nunes, they probably would not have known who Nunes was. The same thing would be true in 2015. Nunes was competing but was known as mediocre.
Nunes became a great by beating the greats, but the question of Nunes being the greatest only lasted 3 years. Three years is a long time to hold the title of the GOAT, but Cris Cyborg was considered great for 9 years so far.
The thing is, Nunes beat Cyborg. Cris Cyborg rallied for a rematch many times over those years but the match never happened. Nunes seemed satisfied with her win over Cyborg and went on to defeat Holly Holm, Germaine De Randamie, Megan Anderson, and Felicia Spencer before losing to Julianna Peña at UFC 269.
After Amanda Nunes lost at UFC 269, you have to wonder: Who is the greatest of all time?
Is it Amanda Nunes, Cris Cyborg, Ronda Rousey, or Julianna Peña? The question is not who won their last fight. It is who is the greatest of all time? Meaning time is the factor in measuring greatness. For most of the time, it is a fact Cyborg was considered the greatest. Others jumped into the conversation but quickly left the conversation. Nunes did not want to fight Cyborg again and Rousey wanted nothing to do with her. A rematch between Nunes and Cyborg would help to determine if Nunes really had Cyborg's number or not. Regardless, it is a rematch we can only hope to see. For now Peña owns UFC gold and has taken a lot of attention away from Nunes, who is hoping for a rematch and a chance to prove her dominance once again.
Julianna Peña did the unexpected when she submitted the "Lioness," who was being built up to be the greatest of all time. The UFC seemed sure that Nunes was the G.O.A.T. (The Greatest of all Time). Jon Anik, Daniel Cormier, Michael Bisping and Joe Rogan were all so sure Nunes was the greatest. They could not wait to tell us that Amanda was without a doubt the GOAT.
Julianna Peña showed us the other side to Amanda Nunes. The side that can be beat. Nunes tapped to a rear naked choke at 2:36 of the second round. It was quick, and Peña made it look easy. Recently Joe Rogan went on his podcast, dissing Amanda Nunes. The man who was sure we were all watching the greatest quickly turned on her.
Nunes is a great fighter, and she has an amazing record and has beaten some of the greatest female legends of all time. Nunes is powerful and incredibly confident she lives life to the fullest and that shows in her fights, smashing her opponents. Her unbeaten streak was sensational and legendary, as she won all of her fights dating back to 2015. She beat Miesha Tate, Valentina Shevchenko twice, Ronda Rousey, Holly Holm and Cris Cyborg. The way Nunes did it was an image to behold, as each time Nunes went out there, she was able to really hurt her opponent. Nunes will most likely get a title shot against Peña sooner than later but it just won't be the same. Cyborg on the other hand left the UFC for greener pastures. Landing a title shot right away in Bellator, Cyborg was able to capture her fourth MMA title in her incredible career.
The question is ongoing. It is not just a question is the greatest question. Who is the greatest of all time? Who is the GOAT? Who dominated the sport for the most amount of time? These days there are new challengers in the question. Valentina Shevchenko has proven to be great. Rose Namajunas is doing great things as a straweight in UFC. Ronda Rousey left a great legacy. Amand Nunes crushed the greats.
But Cris Cyborg did one thing none of these women did: She maintained greatness from the beginning of her career up until the now. The question is, will Cyborg, the current Bellator champion of the world, be able to leave the sport on a high note? Will Cyborg walk away gracefully? Having not suffered a loss since her one and only loss to Nunes, Cyborg has continued the tradition of giving the fans great fights and winning them all. Cyborg has accomplished so much as a martial artist and historically has won more titles than any other woman and more titles during more time periods. Cyborg has held titles in four major mixed martial arts organizations including Strikeforce, Invicta FC, UFC and Bellator. This is an accomplishment that cannot be matched by winning just one title and holding it for a few years. Cyborg has proven that no matter what year it was or what organization was considered the top at the time, she was able to go out there and win. Not only win; she was able to compete at the highest level. Symbolized by her title wins, she has proven incredibly dominant over time.
So I ask the question again. Who is the greatest of all time? Is it Cris Cyborg? Is that fair to say? Is Cris Cyborg the one woman that dominated mixed martial arts for the longest amount of time? I will leave that to you.
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In this episode, Kate and Katherine discuss Author Talks. Katherine has to do one at the Word for Word festival at Geelong, but what is she even going to talk about? Kate explains what she does and how it changes, depending on the audience. There's a lot to think about: Q & A versus presentation? Should you do a reading? What makes a panel work? Then Kate speaks to writer, Melanie Cheng.
Bring a pen for this one; there are lots of tips.
Melanie Cheng is author of the short story collection Australia Day (Text, 2017), which won the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for an Unpublished Manuscript in 2016, and went on to win, among other awards, the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Fiction in 2018. Melanie is a writer and general practitioner and lives in Melbourne with her family.
We begin the interview talking about Mel's first publication in Peril magazine under then editor Lian Low.
Mel mentions a range of writers who have influenced or mentored her, including: Maxine Beneba Clarke, Jennifer Down, Mark Smith, Emmett Stinson ,Jane Harper and Peter Goldsworthy.
She also credits the support of the Creative Doctors Network and Writers Victoria.
We discuss the art of making speeches and refer to the speech Mel gave to high school students on short story.
Mel recommends the debut books No More Boats by Felicity Castagna and Barking Dogs by Rebekah Clarkson, and she advises Katherine to avoid imposter syndrome, own it and allow herself to enjoy it all.
Find out more about Melanie Cheng on her website or follow her on Twitter.
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Treanor Pujol collaborates in the construction of the new Liverpool FC training facility
Treanor Pujol is contracted to build the floors in seven schools
Greenwich, the third new IKEA in a row that involves Treanor Pujol
With this space we want to share reference information about our company and show some of the projects that we have been involved in building, whatever the size. Because at Treanor Pujol all the projects are important ones.
Treanor Pujol are pleased to announce that we have recently supplied the hollowcore units to the new training facility of the well-known Liverpool Football Club...
Treanor Pujol is contracted to build the floors in seven schools at different points around the UK
The pupils at english Martyrs School in Hartlepool started term with a new classroom block, Treanor Pujol was part of the design team....
Greenwich, for the third time in a row Treanor Pujol are involved in building a new IKEA in the UK
First it was Exeter, then Sheffield and now in the south East of London at Greenwich. Yet again IKEA have...
Building starts on a major MSCP near to London, Treanor Pujol is part of the construction team
Treanor Pujol Will supply 13.000m² of 200mm Deep hollowcore slabs to the new 4 storey car-park, 25 miles from the centre of London...
The hollowcore slabs included in the new IKEA in Exeter were also supplied by Treanor Pujol
Yesterday IKEA opened their latest IKEA in Exeter. With an investment of 80 MN pounds Stirling, this 29.000m² new "mega store" will enable products for this "Sweedish Giant" to be supplied to the South east...
Treanor Pujol supports Leeds United by advertising in their Elland Road Stadium
Treanor Pujol's mark is spreading throughout the UK. From this season until 2020, the company member of the Prefabricats Pujol Group, will support their local team in their ambition to...
Treanor Pujol supply 31.500m² of precast concrete hollowcore slabs for the new IKEA in Sheffield, UK
Treanor Pujol have manufactured the precast concrete flooring included in the latest "mega store" built by the Sweedish International company in the UK...


The Port of Algeciras is currently the 4th major port in Europe in "Total Traffic" also leading the Spanish Port System in 2018. The port enjoys a geo-strategic location, at the crossroads of the world´s main cargo shipping lanes. Based on the outstanding quality shipping services granted by the companies operating in Algeciras Port along with the capacity to meet further demands of our current concessionaire makes Algeciras Port a reliable maritime service center. As for the "Bunker Service", Algeciras Port Authority and its Port Community are continuously cooperating closely to enhance Algeciras's bunkering standard to the benefit of shipping industry.
Cepsa is a global energy company with integrated operations across the entire hydrocarbon value chain, manufactures raw materials for the chemicals industry from natural sources, and has a renewables business. Its sole shareholder is Mubadala Investment Company, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds in the world. The Company has over 85 years of experience and a team of close to 10,000 professionals, working with technical excellence and an ability to adapt. Cepsa operates across five continents through its Exploration and Production, Refining, Chemicals, Marketing, Gas & Power, and Trading business areas. Cepsa´s vision is to become a global energy company of choice and one of its strategic objectives is the expansion of its businesses internationally.
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Since July 2001, Europea Group activities have been supported by important international firms. Our main activity is the custom clearance including road and maritime transport. Our skill include: high quality service in logistics, ship broker, service and customized advice for specific projects, special taxes, sea freight and large volumes. Our staff is qualified in ADR good. We are an Authorized Economic Operator, as described by the EU: compliance with customs regulations, proper management of archives, financial solvency and appropriate leaders in logistics and transportation customs services. We also represent different terminals in Spain. Europea Group is currently present in the ports of Cadiz, Algeciras and Seville, with a young, dynamic, professional and experienced team. Group companies: Europea Advisor, Europea Expediciones and Europea IT.
Everything that you need in the Strait of Gibraltar is at the Bay of Algeciras, and everything that you need in the Bay of Algeciras is at AESBA.
Sopra Steria, a European leader in digital transformation, provides one of the most comprehensive portfolios of offerings on the market, spanning consulting, systems integration, industry-specific solutions, infrastructure management and business process services. It provides end-to-end solutions to address the core business needs of large companies and organisations, helping them remain competitive and grow. Combining added value with innovative high-performance services, Sopra Steria excels in guiding its clients through their transformation projects to help them make the most of digital technology. Withmore than 44,000 employees in 25 countries, Sopra Steria generated revenue of €4.1billion in 2018.
One name, two strategic locations in Algeciras & Málaga Port within the passing way of the Strait of Gibraltar, dedicated to the ship dry and floating repairs. The largest private shipyard in the Med with 300.000 m2, one graving dock (400 x 50 m) and two floating docks (230 x 39 m & 145 x 24 m).


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Home > Faculty Publications > 989
Deterioration of Mechanical Properties: A Cause for Fuel Cell Membrane Failure
Yatin Patil, University of Southern Mississippi
William L. Jarrett, University of Southern MississippiFollow
Kenneth A. Mauritz, University of Southern MississippiFollow
Polymers and High Performance Materials
The mechanical properties of Nafion (R) membranes that were degraded after periods of open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions in a fuel cell were studied. Severe decreases in membrane modulus and ductility at 80 degrees C and 100% relative humidity were observed. Stress-at-break values for 45 and 72 h degraded membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) were 6 and 9 times lower, respectively, while strain-at-break was 24 and 28 times lower, respectively, than that of a control MEA. Contractile stresses developed in constrained hydrated membranes that were then dried were conducted as a function of drying time. A pre-OCV degraded MEA, when subjected to creep deformation at 10 MPa, showed surface cracks which were not present in the control MEA. The 72 h-degraded MEA exhibited wider cracks than those of the 45 h-degraded MEA sample. Spectroscopic analysis of degraded membranes showed various small molecule fragments associated with side chain degradation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Membrane Science
Patil, Y., Jarrett, W. L., Mauritz, K. A. (2010). Deterioration of Mechanical Properties: A Cause for Fuel Cell Membrane Failure. Journal of Membrane Science, 356(1-2), 7-13.
Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/989