text:
The Shoulders Beneath My Feet
Website of the Black August Planning Organization
Black August: A Celebration of Freedom Fighters
BY DOC HOLIDAY ET AL.
Black August originated in the California penal system in the 1970s. Many significant events in the New African Nation's struggle for justice and liberation have occurred in August. The commemoration of Black August particularly hails the advances and sacrifices of Black Freedom Fighters. Following are several pages of authentic information on Black August provided by Doc Holiday, an original comrade of George Jackson and a longtime figure in the Black Liberation and prison struggle. Doc is presently in prison in Marion, Illinois.
History of Black August: Concept and Program
The month of August gained special significance and importance in the Black Liberation Movement beginning with a courageous attempt by Jonathan Jackson to demand the freedom of political prisoners/prisoners of war, of which the Soledad Brothers' case brought to the center of attention.
On August 7, 1970 Jonathan Jackson, William Christmas, James McClain, and Ruchell Magee were gunned down at the Marin County Courthouse in that attempt for freedom. Ruchell Cinque Magee remains the sole survivor of that bid for liberation. He also remains a POW at Folsom prison, doing life. Though this rebellion was put down by gory pigs and their agents, it was internalized within the hearts and minds of the people on the outside in the larger prison as well as those in the concentration camps (prison), internalized in the same fashion as we honor other heroic African Freedom Fighters, who sacrificed their lives for the people and the liberation.
On August 21, 1971, almost exactly a year following the slave rebellion at Marin County Courthouse, George L. Jackson (older brother of Jonathan Jackson as well as one of the Soledad Brothers) whose freedom was the primary demand of the Marin rebellion, was assassinated at San Quentin prison in an alleged escape put forth by prison administration and the state to cover its conspiracy. Comrade George Jackson was a highly respected and purposely influential leader in the Revolutionary Prison Movement. Jackson was also very popular beyond prison, not only because he was a Soledad Brother, but also because of the book he authored appropriately entitled Soledad Brother. This book not only revealed to the public the inhumane and degrading conditions in prison, he more importantly, correctly pointed to the real cause of those effects in prison as well as in society: a decadent Capitalist system that breeds off of racism and oppression.
On August 1, 1978 brother Jeffery "Khatari" Gualden, a Black Freedom Fighter and Prisoner of War, captured within the walls of San Quentin was a victim of a blatant assassination by capitalist-corporate medical politics. Khatari was another popular and influential leader in the Revolutionary Prison Movement.
An important note must be added here and that is, the Black August Concept and Movement that it is a part of and helping to build is not limited to our sisters and brothers that are currently captured in the various prison Kamps throughout California. Yet without a doubt it is inclusive of these sisters and brothers and moving toward a better understanding of the nature and relationship of prison to oppressed and colonized people.
So it should be clearly understood that Black August is a reflection and commemoration of history of those heroic partisans and leaders that realistically made it possible for us to survive and advance to our present level of liberation struggle, such as Nat Turner, Harriet Tubman, Gabriel Prosser, Frederick Douglas, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Paul Robeson, Rosa Parks, M.L. King, Malcolm X, and numerous others in our more contemporary period. It must be further clarified that when we speak of "Culture Development," we are not advocating Cultural Nationalism and/or merely talking about adopting African names, jewellery, dashikis, etc. Our primary interest lies not only in where we came from, but the nature of "WHY" we were forcefully brought here, understanding the character of "CONTINUOUS" struggle with the recognition that it is a protracted struggle and developing the necessary lifestyles to guarantee its success.
August 20, 1619: First born Afrikan captives were brought to England's North Amerikan colony of Jamestown, Virginia.
August 16, 1768: Charlestown, South Carolina. Rebellious Afrikan slaves (known as maroons) engaged British military forces in bloody battle defending their camp which was a haven for fugitive slaves.
August 30, 1800: Day set for launching Gabriel Prosser's revolt. On this day over 1000 armed slaves gathered to endeavor to secure their liberty, however bad weather forced them to postpone the revolt and betrayal ultimately led to the crushing of their physical force.
August 21, 1831: Slave revolt launched under the leadership of Nat Turner which lasted four days and resulted in fifty-one slaveholders and their loved ones being subjected to revolutionary people's justice.
August 29, 1841: Street skirmish took place in Cincinnati between Afrikan and Euro-Amerikan, wherein for five days Afrikans waged valiant struggle in defense of their women, children and property against brutal racist terror campaigns.
August 1854: Delegates from eleven states met in Cleveland at the National Emigration Convention of the Colored People, to advance the position that an independent land base (nation) be set up for the absorption of captive Afrikans in Babylon who wanted to return to Afrika.
August 1, 1856: North Carolina. Fierce battle erupted between fugitive slaves and slaveholders who sought their capture and re-enslavement. The only recorded casualties were among slaveholders.
August 1860: Freedom (slave) conspiracy uncovered with the discovery of an organized camp of Afrikans and Euro-Amerikan co-conspirators in Talladega County, Alabama.
August 2, 1865: Virginia. A statewide conference of fifty Afrikan delegates met to demand that Afrikans in Virginia be granted legal title to land occupied during the Civil War. Numerous off-pitch battles ensued during this same month as terrorist mobs moved to evict Afrikans from the land and were met with resistance.
August 17, 1887: Honorable Marcus Garvey, father of contemporary Afrikan Nationalism, was born.
August 1906: Afrikan soldiers (in service of Babylon) enraged behind racial slurs and discrimination struck out and wrecked the town of Brownville, Texas.
August 1906: Niagara Movement met at Harper's Ferry, Virginia and issued W.E.B. DuBois' historic manifesto against racist discrimination in Babylon against Afrikans.
August 1, 1914: Garvey founds Universal Negro Improvement Association, advancing the call for Land, Freedom, and Independence for Afrikan people.
August 23, 1917: Afrikan soldiers in Huston engaged in street skirmishes that left more than seventeen Euro-American racists dead.
August 1920: Over two thousand delegates representing Afrikans from the four corners of the earth gathered in New York for the International Convention of the Negro People of the World, sponsored by UNIA. The convention issued a bill of rights for Afrikans.
August 1943: Slave revolt took place in Harlem as result of a K-9 shooting a brother defending the honour of Afrikan womanhood. More than 16,000 military and police personnel were required to quell the rebellion.
August 1963: 190,000 Afrikans (250,000 people in total) took part in the March on Washington led by Dr. Martin Luther King to petition for the extension of the rights and privileges due to them mandated by the U.S. Constitution.
August 1964: Afrikans launched comparatively large-scale urban slave revolts in the following cities: Jersey City NY, Paterson NJ, Keansburg NJ, Chicago IL, and Philadelphia PA. These slave revolts were for the most part sparked by either police brutality or disrespect shown toward Afrikan womanhood.
August 16, 1965: Urban revolts took place in Northern Philadelphia.
August 7-8, 1966: A large-scale urban revolt was launched in Lansing, Michigan.
August 28, 1966: Waukegan, Illinois. Urban slave revolt launched in response to police brutality.
July 30-August 2, 1967: Urban slave revolt launched in Milwaukee.
August 19-24, 1967: A comparatively large-scale urban slave revolt was launched in New Haven, Connecticut.
August 7, 1970: Jonathan Jackson killed in firefight while leading the Marin County Courthouse raid.
August 21, 1971: George Jackson shot and killed in San Quentin by tower guards.
Most standard history books tend to either play down or ignore New African resistance as a factor in the destruction in the slave economy. On the other hand, when one understands that New Africans are still an oppressed nation, the reason for such deception becomes clear. Black August contends that not only was such resistance a factor in the destruction of the slave economy, but New African resistance to slavery continues to inspire New African resistance to national oppression. Herbert Aptheker (the author of "American Negro Slave Revolts") recounts the personal remark of one New African involved in the civil rights struggle:
"From personal experience I can testify that American Negro Slave Revolts made a tremendous impact on those of us in the civil rights and Black Liberation movement. It was the single most effective antidote to the poisonous ideals that blacks had not a history of struggle or that such struggle took the form of non-violent protest. Understanding people like Denmark Vessey, Nat Turner, William Lloyd Garrison etc. provided us with that link to our past that few ever thought existed."
Black August contends that from the very inception of slavery, New Africans huddled illegally to commemorate and draw strength from New African slaves who met their death resisting. Black August asserts that it is only natural for each generation of New Africans faced with the task to liberate the nation, to draw strength and encouragement from each generation of New African warriors that preceded them. It is from such a rich heritage of resistance that Black August developed, committed to continuing the legacy of resistance, vowing to respond to the call for the destruction of colonial oppression with our George Jacksons, Malcolm Xs and Fred Hamptons etc.
New African resistance moved decisively into the 1920s and 1930s. Evidence of this was movements like The African Blood Brothers, The Share Croppers, The Black Bolsheviks, etc. Unduly there is an incorrect tendency to confine the discussion of African Nationalism to the well-known Garvey Movement as the sole manifestation of national consciousness. The Garvey Movement was the point of the emerging politics of New African resistance.
In labor, national consciousness, (i.e. literature, jazz, art, etc.) in the struggle for the land, in all areas of politics, like a great explosion of previously pent-up National Consciousness took place among New Africans. The sixties were a further example of New African resistance to national oppression. It should be emphasized here that that struggle of non-violence was at that time a strategy of illegality, of danger, of arousing New Africans to direct confrontation with the colonial oppressor. Whether it was a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter or bus station, the movement deliberately broke the colonial law.
Inevitably the anti-colonial struggle moved to a higher level, growing beyond the initial stage of non-violent civil rights protest. The non-violent civil rights strategy was tried and discarded by New Africans, who found that it was a failure, incapable of forcing an entrenched settler's colonial regime to change.
Black August purports that it is important to briefly mention such events to counter the colonial propaganda that the riots of the 1960s was due to anger brought on by overcrowding and summer heat. Black August asserts that in order for New Africans to arise to the historical task of defending the Nation, it is imperative that New Africans have a historical perspective of themselves resisting colonial oppression.
Black August avers that at a time when the Black Nation is experiencing the destruction of its community through planned gentrification, at a time when the quality of New African life is being blunted through unemployment, prison, drugs, high infant mortality and poverty, the call of New African organization should be one of resistance.
Black August is the antithesis to "celebration" and empty "homage." Black August attempts to place struggle and sacrifice on center stage. In this respect, Black August summons all progressive people who identify with the legacy of resistance to colonial oppression to actively participate in Black August. Thus during the entire month of August in commemoration of those Africans who have made the supreme sacrifice for the cause of African Liberation and reflect upon the significance of those contributions as well as to draw closer to the continuing necessity for resistance, we embrace the following as tenets to be practiced during Black August.
Tenets of the Black August Program
A fast which historically has been used as an expression of personal commitment and resistance. Hence, from sunrise until evening meal we will abstain from eating. We abstain from consuming any type of intoxicants for the entire month of August. The necessity for this should be self-evident for all serious participants of Black August (BA).
We limit our selection of television and radio to educational programs, i.e. news, documentaries and cultural programs, etc.
During BA we emphasize political and cultural studies for individuals involved in BA. Participants in BA should pair off with someone else you know to study and share knowledge of African affairs.
As an outward expression of BA we wear a black arm band on the left arm or wrist as a tribute to those Africans who have died as a result of their sacrifice for African Liberation. The arm band can be worn either on the inside or outside of your clothing.
Black August is a revolutionary concept. Therefore, all revolutionaries, nationalists and others who are committed to ending oppression should actively participate in Black August. Such participation not only begins to build the bridges of international solidarity, but it is through such solidarity that we strengthen ourselves to struggle for victory.
ABCFs Partial List of PP/POWs
ABOUT BLACK AUGUST
Kumasi Speaks: What is Black August?
The revision and origin of Black August
Black August Planning Organization (BAPO)
Interview with Muhammad Ahmad
PP/POW Bios
Dr. Mutulu Shakur
Ojore Lutalo (NOW FREE!!!)
RENÉ GONZÁLEZ
Russell 'Maroon' Shoats
Sundiata Acoli
Thomas Manning
The "Omaha Two" Victimized by COINTELPRO Injustice
What is the Legacy Book Club?
Break All Chains
Kiilu Nyasha blog
MOVE 9 blog
Solitary Watch
The Struggle
VOXUNION
All of Us or None
Anarchist Black Cross Federation
As-Sabiqun Movement
Black August Organizing Committee
Black Panther Party: Legacy and Alumni
Critical Resistance
FTP Movement
Malclom X Grassroots Movement
November Coalition
Prison Activist
Safiya Bukhari – Albert 'Nuh' Washington Foundation
Soul Planet
United African Alliance Community Center
Working to end Solitary Confinement
Crescent International
Free Speech Radio News
Hip-Hop War Report
History is a Weapon (many good books can be read on-line here)
Indymedia: link to independent news around the world
Organized Community of United People (Organized C.O.U.P.)
Prison Radio
SleptOn Magazine
The Black Commentator
The Block Report
The Sentencing Project
WHY not news
Your World News
PP/POW info
Cuban 5
Free Chip Fitzgerald!
Hands Off Assata!
Jericho Movement
Marshall "Eddie" Conway
MOVE 9
Mutulu Shakur
Robert Seth Hayes
Siddique Abdullah Hasan
SUPPORT IMAM JAMIL ABDULLAH AL-AMIN
The ProLibertad Freedom Campaign
Audio files (2)
Black August 2010 (1)
Book Readings (4)
Updates on issues facing Political Prisoners and POWs (1)


text:
Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat
Mirjana Carli, Roberto Invernizzi, Luigi Cervo, Rosario Samanin
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"
The regional brain synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) was studied in rats after various doses of 5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU-24969), a 5-HT1 receptor agonist. The potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of the compound were examined as well. RU-24969 0.62 mg/kg significantly reduced 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus, while with 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg the effect was also seen in striatum, hippocampus, brainstem and cortex. RU-24969 2.5 and 5 mg/kg had no effect on DA synthesis in the striatum, while 5.0 mg/kg significantly increased it in the nucleus accumbens. At doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg the drug increased the motor activity of rats measured during 1 h in activity cages while 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg had no effect. Doses ranging from 0.62 to 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced unpunished responding in a test of conditioned suppression of drinking. Doses of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg also reduced punished responding. Finally, of various doses only 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced the duration of immobility of rats in the forced swimming test but the effects were due to running around the cylinder rather than to escape attempts. In conclusion, RU-24969 reduced 5-HT synthesis in all brain areas examined, with a preferential effect for the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus. At higher doses, there was also a specific increase in DA synthesis in the nucleus accumbens. The compound raised the level of activity of rats but no clear evidence of any potential anxiolytic or antidepressant properties has been obtained.
Antidepressant activity
Dopamine synthesis
Serotonin synthesis
10.1007/BF00174690
Dive into the research topics of 'Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1H indole Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Nucleus Accumbens Medicine & Life Sciences 35%
Serotonin Medicine & Life Sciences 27%
Dopamine Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Anti-Anxiety Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Hypothalamus Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Antidepressive Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptors Medicine & Life Sciences 12%
Carli, M., Invernizzi, R., Cervo, L., & Samanin, R. (1988). Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 94(3), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174690
Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat. / Carli, Mirjana; Invernizzi, Roberto; Cervo, Luigi et al.
In: Psychopharmacology, Vol. 94, No. 3, 03.1988, p. 359-364.
Carli, M, Invernizzi, R, Cervo, L & Samanin, R 1988, 'Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat', Psychopharmacology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174690
Carli M, Invernizzi R, Cervo L, Samanin R. Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat. Psychopharmacology. 1988 Mar;94(3):359-364. doi: 10.1007/BF00174690
Carli, Mirjana ; Invernizzi, Roberto ; Cervo, Luigi et al. / Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat. In: Psychopharmacology. 1988 ; Vol. 94, No. 3. pp. 359-364.
@article{ad0249788d2d430182fb91e319feecfd,
title = "Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat",
abstract = "The regional brain synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) was studied in rats after various doses of 5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU-24969), a 5-HT1 receptor agonist. The potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of the compound were examined as well. RU-24969 0.62 mg/kg significantly reduced 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus, while with 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg the effect was also seen in striatum, hippocampus, brainstem and cortex. RU-24969 2.5 and 5 mg/kg had no effect on DA synthesis in the striatum, while 5.0 mg/kg significantly increased it in the nucleus accumbens. At doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg the drug increased the motor activity of rats measured during 1 h in activity cages while 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg had no effect. Doses ranging from 0.62 to 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced unpunished responding in a test of conditioned suppression of drinking. Doses of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg also reduced punished responding. Finally, of various doses only 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced the duration of immobility of rats in the forced swimming test but the effects were due to running around the cylinder rather than to escape attempts. In conclusion, RU-24969 reduced 5-HT synthesis in all brain areas examined, with a preferential effect for the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus. At higher doses, there was also a specific increase in DA synthesis in the nucleus accumbens. The compound raised the level of activity of rats but no clear evidence of any potential anxiolytic or antidepressant properties has been obtained.",
keywords = "Antidepressant activity, Anxiety, Dopamine synthesis, Rat, RU-24969, Serotonin synthesis",
author = "Mirjana Carli and Roberto Invernizzi and Luigi Cervo and Rosario Samanin",
doi = "10.1007/BF00174690",
journal = "Psychopharmacology",
T1 - Neurochemical and behavioural studies with RU-24969 in the rat
AU - Carli, Mirjana
AU - Invernizzi, Roberto
AU - Cervo, Luigi
AU - Samanin, Rosario
N2 - The regional brain synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) was studied in rats after various doses of 5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU-24969), a 5-HT1 receptor agonist. The potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of the compound were examined as well. RU-24969 0.62 mg/kg significantly reduced 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus, while with 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg the effect was also seen in striatum, hippocampus, brainstem and cortex. RU-24969 2.5 and 5 mg/kg had no effect on DA synthesis in the striatum, while 5.0 mg/kg significantly increased it in the nucleus accumbens. At doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg the drug increased the motor activity of rats measured during 1 h in activity cages while 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg had no effect. Doses ranging from 0.62 to 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced unpunished responding in a test of conditioned suppression of drinking. Doses of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg also reduced punished responding. Finally, of various doses only 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced the duration of immobility of rats in the forced swimming test but the effects were due to running around the cylinder rather than to escape attempts. In conclusion, RU-24969 reduced 5-HT synthesis in all brain areas examined, with a preferential effect for the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus. At higher doses, there was also a specific increase in DA synthesis in the nucleus accumbens. The compound raised the level of activity of rats but no clear evidence of any potential anxiolytic or antidepressant properties has been obtained.
AB - The regional brain synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) was studied in rats after various doses of 5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU-24969), a 5-HT1 receptor agonist. The potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of the compound were examined as well. RU-24969 0.62 mg/kg significantly reduced 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus, while with 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg the effect was also seen in striatum, hippocampus, brainstem and cortex. RU-24969 2.5 and 5 mg/kg had no effect on DA synthesis in the striatum, while 5.0 mg/kg significantly increased it in the nucleus accumbens. At doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg the drug increased the motor activity of rats measured during 1 h in activity cages while 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg had no effect. Doses ranging from 0.62 to 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced unpunished responding in a test of conditioned suppression of drinking. Doses of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg also reduced punished responding. Finally, of various doses only 2.5 mg/kg RU-24969 significantly reduced the duration of immobility of rats in the forced swimming test but the effects were due to running around the cylinder rather than to escape attempts. In conclusion, RU-24969 reduced 5-HT synthesis in all brain areas examined, with a preferential effect for the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus. At higher doses, there was also a specific increase in DA synthesis in the nucleus accumbens. The compound raised the level of activity of rats but no clear evidence of any potential anxiolytic or antidepressant properties has been obtained.
KW - Antidepressant activity
KW - Anxiety
KW - Dopamine synthesis
KW - Rat
KW - RU-24969
KW - Serotonin synthesis
U2 - 10.1007/BF00174690
DO - 10.1007/BF00174690
JO - Psychopharmacology
JF - Psychopharmacology

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Accessing Chrome Remote Desktop Without Signing Into Chrome Can I setup Chrome Remote Desktop access on a host machine without having to log into Chrome on that machine?
I don't want to sync all of my Google account to the Chrome browser on that machine or even trust it with my Google password.

A: Yes, just go to https://remotedesktop.google.com/headless on a device that you don't mind signing into with your Google account, and it will walk you through setting up access to the remote machine.
If that doesn't work you can try these manual instructions for Windows:

*

*Install Chrome Remote Desktop on that machine

*Get an auth code (note the client ID is from chromium)

*Find the auth code from the code= parameter of the blank page you get navigated to. It will look something like 4/gJ_BAIf5ncx7yWD56Zduwv09RLpYQu3lhaPPXTozXi4

*On that machine run (in an Administrator shell): "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Google\Chrome Remote Desktop\<VERSION_YOU_INSTALLED>\remoting_start_host.exe" --code="MY_AUTH_CODE" --redirect-url="https://talkgadget.google.com/talkgadget/blank" --name="MY_REMOTE_NAME"

*Pick a PIN and use it to connect later

For manual instructions for Linux try this answer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Start Here » Hawaii » Kauai » The 15 Best Hikes in Kauai in 2023
The 15 Best Hikes in Kauai in 2023
15 of the Best Hikes in Kauai
So, What Are the Best Hikes in Kauai?
If you recently moved to Kauai or plan to take a trip there soon, you might wonder whether there's good hiking on the island and the best hikes. Fortunately for you, we're the travel experts, and we've come up with this list of the 15 best hikes on the island of Kauai.
Kauai has some of the most incredible natural views in the world, and by taking these hikes, you'll get the chance to see epic canyons, dense tropical forests, and sprawling ocean views.
If you're visiting Kauai for the first time (or the second or the third), check out one of these hiking trails to create memories that will last a lifetime.
1. Maha'ulepu Heritage Trail
Gary Riegel/Shutterstock
Length: 3.7 miles
Elevation: 318 feet
The Maha'Ulepu Heritage Trail is a heavily trafficked out and back trail with incredible ocean views. This is the perfect hike to take if you forget your gear at home because it's short and easy, without any super rough terrain.
Popular amongst locals and tourists, if you're nervous about taking a hike in Kauai, you can rest easy knowing that there's an extremely high likelihood you'll run into people along your route.
The hike starts at the Shipwreck Beach trailhead and ends at Punahoa Point. It's open year-round and includes beach and cliff views.
2. Kalalau Trail (aka Na Pali Coast Trail)
IndustryAndTravel/Shutterstock
Length: 22 miles
Elevation: 6,177 feet
The Kalalau Trail is incredibly popular amongst both hikers and backpackers. The full out and back trail is 22 miles, but a much easier day hike is to hike only the first two miles to Hanakapiai Beach and back.
The entirety of the trail features breathtaking views and changing scenery, but be aware that this is a strenuous hike, so make sure to pack enough water and snacks and wear appropriate hiking gear. Advanced reservations are required.
3. Nu'alolo Trail
Clau De/Shutterstock
The Nu'alolo Trail is a grueling hike along the Na Pali Coast ridge, but the trek is more than worth it because it features some of the most stunning views on the island of Kauai.
The ridgeline lets you enjoy Kauai's rugged terrain while staring at the pure blue ocean and white sandy beaches.
Best of all? Because of the hike's difficulty, there are typically significantly fewer hikers than on more popular trails, which means you can enjoy the solitude and quiet.
4. Hanakapi'ai Falls Trail
Fominayaphoto/Shutterstock
The Hanakapi'ai Falls Trail has it all; gorgeous beaches, jaw-dropping waterfalls, and lush Hawaiian jungle; you don't want to miss this challenging trek when you're in Kauai.
Enjoy the beach for the first portion of your hike before the steep climb to the falls. Despite the hike's popularity, you'll love the jungle's lush seclusion once you reach the falls and pool. Tourists are required to make reservations in advance.
5. Okolehao Trail
Steve Heap/Shutterstock
Difficulty: Moderate
On Kauai's North Shore, you can enjoy the Okoleaho Trail, which is a steep but short hike up to the Okoleahao viewpoint.
The Okoleahao viewpoint offers expansive views of the island and beyond, and you can experience some of Kauai's dense forests on your way up. Despite being rated as a moderately strenuous hike, this trail is quite popular and is open year-round.
6. Kukui Trail
Marisa Estivill/Shutterstock
Length: 5 miles
Located further inland than many of the other hikes on this list, the Kukui Trail is a five-mile out and back hike in Waimea Canyon, where you'll pass gorgeous streams, tropical flowers, and expansive canyon views.
Much of the hike is exposed, so make sure to bring plenty of water to stay hydrated. In addition, the loose dirt and steep grade can make the trail quite slick, so wear good hiking shoes. Kukui trail is a popular camping destination, but reservations are required in advance.
7. Kalepa Ridge Trail
Klara_Steffkova/Shutterstock
The Kalepa Ridge Trail, while short, can be a fairly grueling hike. The trail ascends straight up, and the terrain is slightly more rough and remote than many of the trails on this list.
Make sure to wear appropriate hiking shoes and despite the length, know that this is not a beginner hike. Once you reach the top, you will be rewarded with some of the most incredible views of the Kalalau Valley and the Pacific Ocean.
8. Waimea Canyon Trail to Waipo'o Falls
Maridav/Shutterstock
The Canyon Trail is a popular hike in Kauai, and for a good reason. While you get some waterfall views along the way, the hike ends at the very top of Waipo'o Falls, with a spectacular view of Waimea Canyon.
Although the trail can get particularly slick when it rains, this hike isn't overly demanding, and you are likely to pass other hikers along the way.
9. Ho'opi'i Falls Trail
Abbie Warnock-Matthews/Shutterstock
Ho'Opi'i Falls Trail allows hikers to see not one but two incredible Kauaian waterfalls, the second of which was a filming site for Jurassic Park.
The hike itself winds through dense jungle, but it makes it all worth it once you reach the falls.The second waterfall has a perfect swimming hole at the bottom, so feel free to take a dip, but watch your step on the slick rocks and embankment.
Note: The trailhead is unmarked, so it can be challenging to find. Make sure you have detailed directions before heading out.
10. Sleeping Giant East Trail (aka Nounou Trail)
Jason Busa/Shutterstock
The Sleeping Giant Trail is one of Kauai's most treasured hikes, and with good reason. The trail, although steep, offers the most spectacular views of the east side of the island.
If you're looking for a photo-worthy viewpoint, you'd be hard-pressed to find a better one than the top of this hike. You can also try the Sleeping Giant West Trail for a shorter hike.
11. Wai Koa Loop Trail (aka Stone Dam)
Joel Groomes Jr/Shutterstock
The Wai Koa Loop Trail is the perfect option if your party wants a gentle hike without sacrificing natural beauty. The well-maintained trail winds through the gorgeous mahogany forest and eventually opens up on the picturesque Stone Dam.
Enjoy a stroll or a dip as you take in this beautiful hike. The trail is open to the public but on private property, so you must sign a waiver at the Anaina Hou Welcome Center before starting your trek.
12. Makawehi Lithified Cliffs Trail
Nina B/Shutterstock
Length: however long you choose
The Makawehi Lithified Cliffs Trail lets hikers stroll along limestone sea cliffs, appreciating the beauty that has formed over thousands of years.
This hike is really more of a walk and can be accessed from Shipwreck Beach. Simply stroll along the lithified cliffs for as long as your heart desires, and then head back to the beach to take in the sunset.
13. Kuilau Ridge Trail
Lubica Jelenova/Shutterstock
The Kuilau Ridge Trail is spectacular from start to finish and offers the rewarding views of a much more strenuous hike.
You'll appreciate the lush jungle, tropical flowers, and expansive views on the ridge trail. However, make sure to wear appropriate footwear because the trail can get slick after it rains.
14. Black Pipe Canyon Loop
MNStudio/Shutterstock
One of the few loop trails on this list, the Black Pipe Canyon Loop gives both sweeping views of Waimea Canyon and scenic water features. If you're looking for a kid-friendly hike that more advanced hikers can still enjoy, this hike is for you!
15. Queen's Bath Trail
Elevation: 98 feet
If you've been planning a trip to Kauai, you've probably seen images of people floating in natural lava pools filled with turquoise water alongside the ocean; that's Queen's Bath Trail.
The trail is rough terrain and can be slick after rain; the first portion of the trail is through the jungle but eventually opens up on a waterfall and ocean views. Enjoy the hike and the beauty of the ocean lava fields, even if you don't take a dip in the bath.
It's essential to take extreme safety precautions when hiking this trail. There is always a risk associated when entering the tide pools, but you should never enter the water unless it's low tide.
The gates to this area will be closed when the area is deemed unsafe; do not attempt to bypass the gates under any circumstances.
It's essential to consider basic safety needs whenever you go hiking. This is especially true when hiking in an area that you're unfamiliar with or may not have all of your usual gear with you.
While your needs may change depending on which hike you choose, below are some things to consider before heading out on a hike in Kauai.
Proper footwear is essential. Make sure to pack hiking boots or athletic shoes if you're planning on doing more strenuous hikes and hiking sandals for beach or waterfall hikes.
Bring water with you. If you're flying into Kauai and plan to do some hiking, don't forget to pack your water bottles or water reservoirs. The weather is likely to be warm, so make sure you bring enough water to stay hydrated.
Do research on your hike before heading out. In addition to selecting a hike, it's essential to familiarize yourself with current trail conditions and permitting needs. If applicable, check out Kauai's parks and recreation site and read comments on AllTrails from other hikers.
Be prepared for weather events. Specific hikes may be prone to flash floods, high tides, or slippery trail conditions in the rain. Try to do your hike at the appropriate time (e.g., during low tide) and prioritize personal safety.
Bring a buddy. It's safer to hike with somebody else on hikes you're unfamiliar with; the buddy system is essential if you get lost or injured.
Heather Goodman/Shutterstock
Here are some of the frequently asked questions pertaining to hikes in Kauai.
Is hiking in Kauai safe?
Hiking in Kauai is generally safe, so long as you're aware of your surroundings and take appropriate safety precautions. There are, however, certain dangers specific to the area that you may need to be aware of, such as flash flooding and tsunamis. Research your hike ahead of time to know what safety precautions are required.
Is hiking in Kauai free?
Many of the hikes In Kauai are entirely free, although you may have to pay for parking. Other hikes may also require permits which you will have to pay for, but these are inexpensive. Check the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources for information on permitting.
Do you need permits to hike in Kauai?
Most hikes in Kauai do not require permits, and some trailheads or portions of the hiking trail even fall on private property. However, some trails like the Kalalau Trail require permits and advance registration. Research your specific hike ahead of time to determine whether or not permits are required.
What are the dangers of hiking in Kauai?
Specific hikes in Kauai present particular safety concerns that you should familiarize yourself with ahead of time. Dangers like rockslides, tsunamis, and flash floods are all potential concerns. Do your best to avoid walking at the base of steep cliffs, check for tsunami warnings, and avoid crossing fast-flowing creeks and streams.
What is the most challenging hike in Kauai?
The Kalalau trail, also known as the Na Pali Coast trail, is widely considered the most challenging hike on the island of Kauai. The hike is 22 miles long, with over 6,000 feet of elevation gain.
Hiking the amazing trails in Kauai is a gratifying activity that rewards hikers with beautiful foliage and incredible views. The unique Kauai scenery draws seasoned hikers from around the world each year to enjoy the island's first-class hiking trails.
While any of the above hikes will create lasting memories, hikes like the Kalalau trail, Waimea Canyon, and the Nounou trail all offer hikers views of Kauai that showcase its uniquely beautiful landscape.
Categories Kauai
Tags Kauai
The Best Time to Visit Kauai in 2023
Where to Stay:
Where to Stay in Kauai in 2023 | Best Areas & Hotels
The 15 Best Hotels in Kauai in 2023
The 15 Best Snorkeling Spots in Kauai in 2023
The 15 Best Things to Do in Kauai in 2023
The 16 Best Beaches in Kauai in 2023
3 Best Travel Insurance Plans for 2023


In 2005 Waco Africa brought together SGB Scaffolding Systems and Cape Contracts to form SGB-Cape. SGB-Cape is now South Africa's leading access, marine and event scaffolding supplier and a leading force in access based maintenance such as thermal insulation, corrosion protection, asbestos removal and industrial plastic insulation.
SGB Scaffolding Systems (SGB), a division of Waco Africa in South Africa was formed in 1948 operating in the scaffolding business.
Waco Africa acquired Cape Contracts in February 2005. Cape Contracts offered insulation, scaffolding and corrosion protection services. As part of Waco Africa's strategy to provide sustainable stakeholder value and meet our customers ever increasing needs for an integrated service, it was decided to combine these insulation and scaffolding offerings. SGB and Cape Contracts integrated into a brand new division of Waco Africa called SGB-Cape.
SGB-Cape has a national footprint, with our operational facilities strategically established throughout South Africa, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola, DRC, Ghana and Namibia. Other neighbouring countries are being serviced on a project base. Our business operation in Zambia trades as Waco Zambia, and in Namibia as Waco Namibia. We have developed a suitable infrastructure to cost effectively maintain and support these operations in terms of resources.


J & L Antiques NY is located in historic Hyde Park, New York 12538. We feature quality furnishings and accessories from the Rococo, Victorian and Renaissance periods.
Our inventory is changing weekly, so please check back regularly to see new items added. Victorian cast iron ornate bird bath with birds on the bowl.
It measures 21"H x 20.25"W x 17D. Please note that antiques are not new and may have some bumps and bruises from age and use, this adds to the charm and character and shows it's history. Please feel free to contact me regarding any questions or concerns you may have and if additional pictures are required. The item "VICTORIAN CAST IRON BIRD BATH" is in sale since Friday, August 24, 2018. This item is in the category "Antiques\Architectural & Garden\Garden".
The seller is "jnlantiquesny" and is located in Hyde Park, New York. This item can be shipped to United States.


text:
Home › downthetubes News › Other Worlds › Art and Illustration › Blake & Mortimer tribute art, a "Robot Archie" original and more, on offer in latest Catawiki auction
This week's Catawiki International Comic Art Auction, closing at 7.00pm Thursday 6th January 2022, includes a marvellous Blake & Mortimer cover homage by Slaviša Ćirović, more "Robot Archie" by Ted Kearon, and another piece of "Trigan Empire" art by Don Lawrence.
Over 70 artworks are on offer, vintage British comic art rubbing shoulders with modern and classic European comics, single illustrations and covers.
Slaviša Ćirović is a Serbian comic artist and editor and publisher, who has been active since the mid-1970s, and co-founder of Lucky Media Studio. On offer is an A3-size imaginary cover in tribute to cult series Blake & Mortimer, for what could be the complete story of Le Mystère de la Grande Pyramide ("The Mystery of the Great Pyramid"). It's a fun piece!
Also on offer this week…
"Kareltje de dinosaurus" art by Jean Dulieu, aka Jan van Oort (1921 – 2006), creator of the long-running character Paulus the Boskabouter, whose adventures were published in Het Vrije Volk from 1946.
Dulieu was an award-winning all-rounder, a versatile and virtuoso artist whose skill and talent kept pace with his pursuit of perfection, reflected in this quirky cover art for Eva magazine, published in 1963.
A charming original painting by José González, titled "The Secret of the Seashore", dated as created in the 1980s, but with no further information offered
A "Robot Archie" page from Lion, from the 1967 story "The Mystery of the Giant Bats", with regular artist Ted Kearon in fine form as the mechanical marvel leaps to action
An original polychrome composition of Barney Jordan, fully-painted artwork presented by his much-admired creator, Hermann, on drawing paper, with a very refined Indian ink line.
Finally, there's this page by Don Lawrence from "The Rise and Fall of the Trigan Empire" story for Look and Learn, "Evil from Outer Space", first published in 1973, which has the look of a nod to the Quatermass TV series of the 1950s about it!
• Check out items offered by Catawiki in their International Comic Art category – ends at 7.00pm Thursday 6th January 2022
Potential Additional International Auction Costs
The UK's departure from the European Union may mean additional import duties on sales. Prior to Brexit, the effective rate of UK tax on imports of art was 5%, which is lower than most other European countries. An owner could previously import an artwork to the UK from outside the EU and was then free to transport it to other EU countries, where the import tax rates may be higher, without incurring any further import-related tax charges. If the owner then wished to bring the artwork back to the UK, there would also have been no further tax charge.
The Guardian previously reported that online orders up to £135 are now supposed to have the UK's prevailing VAT rate added at the point of sale by the EU retailer, which has to have registered with HM Revenue & Customs.
Lots of smaller EU-based retailers have decided that the paperwork of collecting UK VAT is not worth the hassle and as a result will no longer supply UK consumers
This apolitical guide outlines what you should be aware of when buying or selling art internationally but is a work in progress
Related Items...
John Freeman
The founder of downthetubes, John works as a comics editor, writer, as Creative Consultant on the Dan Dare audio adventures for B7 Media, and on promotional work for the Lakes International Comic Art Festival. Working in British comics publishing for over 30 years, his credits include editor of titles such as Doctor Who Magazine, Star Trek Magazine and Babylon 5 Magazine. He also edited the comics anthology STRIP Magazine and edited several audio comics for ROK Comics. He has also edited several comic collections, including volumes of "Charley's War and "Dan Dare". He's the writer of "Crucible", a creator-owned project with 2000AD artist Smuzz, published on Tapastic; and "Death Duty" and "Skow Dogs" with Dave Hailwood for digital comic 100% Biodegradable.
‹ That time Gerry Anderson's "Thunderbirds" spin-off, "Zero-X", flew to… Yugoslavia!
Coming Soon: The Old Man and Me, comic creator Jason Wilson's first crime novel ›
Categories: Art and Illustration, Auctions, British Comics, Comics, downthetubes Comics News, downthetubes News, Events, Other Worlds
Tags: Auction News, Blake & Mortimer, Catawiki International Comic Art Auction, Don Lawrence, downthetubes News, Hermann, José Gonsález, Robot Archie, SF Comics, Slaviša Ćirović, Ted Kearon, Trigan Empire
Catawiki Auction site offers items from archivist Chris Mouton, British comic art and more
"Biggles" by Ron Embleton and Mike Western, French "Robot Archie" cover art offered on eBay
In Memoriam: Beano, Beezer and Topper artist, John F. Dallas
Listen, pussycats! TV's original Kojak gets recalled in latest "Yours Retro"
The Royal Navy in the desert and a time traveller in the Battle of Britain? Have Commando Comics taken a strange turn?
New thrills in 2000AD, and a fantastic classic Treasury of British Comics comic collection, Karl the Viking, too!


Established in 1897, we're proud to have over 100 years experience in supplying high quality, innovative market leading products to the soft furnishing industry.
Our extensive product range means we've become a customer favourite as a 'one-stop shop' for all your needs. Our products include curtain linings, thermal and blackout linings, curtain tracks and poles, blind systems, workroom accessories, contract fabrics and more.
Whatever soft furnishings you require, we'll be happy to help. We offer a wide array of products available at affordable prices plus, when you place an order online with us and you can enjoy next day delivery* as standard.
Not an Evans customer yet? Don't worry, you can set up an account here – it only takes a moment and once you're set up, you can have your order in as little as 24 hours.
*Order online by 4pm via webtex. Excludes made to measure products.


The insurer's development plan will increase investments with a positive impact on the environment between now and 2020.
BNP Paribas Cardif already had 1.2 billion euros in green investments at the end of 2016 within its general fund. These investments finance the energy transition.
BNP Paribas Cardif will continue to actively contribute to the development of green investments, notably through green bonds, which finance projects with high environmental value. Already in 2014, the insurer contributed to the success of the first green bond issues, including the World Bank's structured green bond issue1 and the Tera Neva climate awareness bond2.
BNP Paribas Cardif also contributes to financing of projects that support renewable energies, protecting biodiversity as well as waste recycling and reuse within the framework of a French government green bond issued in 20173. In addition, the company contributes to the World Bank's SDGs Everyone4 sustainable bond, which provides funding for projects with environmental and social impact that contribute to achieving the United Nations International Sustainable Development Agenda.
This initiative is fully aligned with the strategy of BNP Paribas, which has taken strong positions to support the energy transition, presenting a comprehensive policy in 2015. In particular, the Group has ended financing for coal-fired power plants and announced a commitment to more than double its financing in the renewable energy sector (from €6.9 billion in 2014 to €15 billion in 2020).
BNP Paribas Cardif will at the same time develop its investments with significant positive social impact. The insurer finances more than 6,000 emergency shelter units via the Hémisphère fund created by AMPERE Gestion (SNI group) to accommodate people in distress.
The insurer is one of the main investors in Fonds de Logement Intermédiaire (FLI), an "intermediate housing" fund that has provided accommodation for 644 families in rent-controlled units since 2015.
BNP Paribas Cardif actively supports the social and solidarity economy as well, investing in solidarity funds such as BNP Paribas Social Business France and the NovESS fund launched by Caisse des Dépôts.
At the end of 2016, some 50 million euros had been invested in these different funds with strong positive social impact.
"Socially responsible investment is a pillar of our corporate social responsibility policy. As an insurer, we believe that our investments can positively impact the broader fight against climate change, help provide housing for people in need and encourage further development of the social and solidarity economy," says Laurence Hontarrede, Head of Prospective and CSR, BNP Paribas Cardif.
For BNP Paribas Cardif reporting related to Article 173 of the French law on Energy Transition and Green Growth follow this link.
1 In September 2014, BNP Paribas and the World Bank launched an ethical investment solution, with capital insured through World Bank Green Bonds and exposure to the performance of the Ethical Europe Equity Index.
2 In November 2015, the European Investment Bank (EIB), BNP Paribas and Vigeo launched Tera Neva, a sustainable investment solution that allows investors to align their financial objectives with energy transition goals.
3 In January 2017, Agence France Trésor entered the green bond market with the first French sovereign green benchmark bond, with a maturity of 22 years (Green OAT 1.75% 25 June 2039).
4 In March 2017, the World Bank launched a new financial instrument to expand funding for the Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs Everyone.


Akar bahar is actually a plant root and the name means "bahar root" in the local Indonesian language. It originates from the Molucca islands, and it is processed and shaped to form beautiful and original bangles. Akar bahar is also known as "black coral" although it is actually a dried and processed plant material. The following article can be found on the Jakarta Provincial Governments Official website, and gives a clear background and history of akar bahar bangles.
Betawi masters (Jawara Betawi) were not only identical with thick moustaches, black suits and head ban but they also used akar bahar bangles as an accessory. Akar bahar (Bahar root) bangles have a specific meaning and it gives signs to whoever is wearing it. akar bahar is known as black coral. It comes from a sea plant; it spreads and lives in shells. Black coral has a long shape, when it is dried is becomes stiff. High quality black coral has a hard part like a stone. The hard part of this root is genuine, resulting from the black coral fossil which has hardened. Black coral is not a common plant because it has certain functions and purposes for those wearing it. Black coral bangles will keep the owner healthy and strong. Metaphysically, the bangle will give charisma to the owner. It is not easy to get such bangles. So, those who own black coral bangles are considered superior. Black coral is taken from the 600 meter bottom part of the sea. Before being used, black coral is dried in heat to become stiff, and then shaped into a bangle. Also, black coral is often used for rings or pipes for smoking.
An renowned antique collector, H Azis Munandar, said that such a bangle has a special meaning. Amongst the Betawi people, black coral contains symbolism. Betawi masters who were loyal to the Netherlands, the bangle was used on dfferent hands so that their symbolism and meaning would be better understood. "If a person used the bangle on his right hand, it meant he was an inside security officer. A bangle on the left hand meant the owner was an outside security officer." Munandar explained. Munandar said, akar bahar bangles were used in the Netherlands era. Betawi people who used akar bahar as their bangles were masters.
At present, akar bahar bangles start to become extinct. Many collectors hunt it. Munandar said that he has some kinds of akar bahar bangles. Besides being an accessory, akar bahar bangles are an old Betawi heritage.


The prevention of diseases and pests and optimising your production is a continuous process in which soil plays an important role. For optimum cultivation, we can test your soil for you. Based on the results, we will advise you how to optimise your cultivation and achieve the highest possible yield.
The prevention of diseases and pests and optimising your production is a continuous process in which water quality plays an important role. The quality of irrigation water is also of major importance for Global G.A.P. certification. For optimum cultivation, Mertens can analyse your water for you. In this regard, we work together with Groen Agro Control. Based on the results, we will offer our advice with regard to pesticides and hygiene.
Are your crops showing signs of disease or defects? You can have your crops inspected to enable you to take timely measures. Do your products comply with the Pesticides Act in connection with food safety? You can have this tested through a residue check. The Green Agro laboratory has no obligation to report and will only inform you of the result.
fertilisers are used no more than necessary.


SendBird is the chat and messaging solution for enterprises seeking to transform their customer relationships for the digital age. We help businesses quickly add 1-on-1 messaging and group chat to their mobile and web applications, so they can speak and listen directly to their customers. SendBird has helped transform communication for a range of use-cases from retail, marketplaces, e-commerce, and customer service to user onboarding, media and consumer apps. We're proud to work with Reddit, Nexon, Carousell, GO-JEK, Traveloka, Healthline, and LG U plus, among others across over 150 countries. We're backed by world-class investors: Shasta Ventures, August Capital, Techstars, Y Combinator, FundersClub, Justin Kan, Kevin Mahaffey, and Sandy Kory.


text:
National Signing Day 2014 results: Grading the new 'Cats
With a day to think it over, how did the Wildcats do on National Signing Day?
By Brian Ewart@Brian_Ewart Feb 6, 2014, 10:11am EST
Share All sharing options for: National Signing Day 2014 results: Grading the new 'Cats
Andy Talley and his staff did a good job landing players at the positions where they had a need. How do those players rate though? CAA and FCS schools sign a few players who are on the radar of recruiting services and big time programs, but many more will be under-the-radar types -- guys who are too small, or didn't play at the right school, or just didn't get noticed.
Some of these FCS and CAA recruits will end up making it big; at Villanova, Brian Westbrook is the most notable example, but Brian Finneran had a long NFL career, Darrel Young is starting games for the Redskins, and the Ventrone Brothers have each had professional careers, among others. Ben Ijalana was the highest-drafted Wildcat since Howie Long in 2010 after receiving no other scholarship offers. Who are the standouts in this 2014 class?
2014 National Signing Day: Villanova Football
Rasaan Stewart - Villanova landed its highest-rated recruit in Stewart, who had offers to attend big time schools, including a late pitch from Pitt. The defensive back is a potential factor in the return game, but has the athletic potential to be a major factor in the Wildcats' defense. His talent level isn't unseen in FCS, but this is the type of player who normally ends up there after transferring from a I-A school. A+
Zach Bednarczyk - Andy Talley has always tried to do this; to keep the next starting quarterback of the Wildcats on the depth chart before he is really needed. It hasn't always worked out, but this is the team's latest attempt. Zach will sit on the sidelines next Fall and then be the number-two quarterback in 2015. He has good speed for a quarterback and has the potential to be a good enough passer for Nova's spread offense. A-
Brandon Hitner & Chris Buchalski - It isn't impossible, but it is rare for Villanova to recruit an offensive lineman who is ready to start on Day-1. The 'Cats go after athletic blockers who are usually undersized, like these two, and bet on their strength and conditioning staff to build them into 300-pounders. It isn't a bad bet to make, but building a giant takes time. B+
Ricky Young - Antoine Lewis is out at Villanova and Pat Williams is a senior this season, so the Cats needed another big body who can man the middle of their defensive line. At 6'2" and 290 pounds, Young has the body to take on some of those responsibilities immediately. He may have some growing pains along the way, but Nova has time to develop his skills. A-
Eric Drains - At 6'4" and 275-pounds, Drains is another big strong defensive lineman to help rebuild Villanova's depth. A former wrestler, who has a nose for finding key plays, Drains should provide some strength to challenge opposing offenses. Drains may play a role immediately, but will likely need to learn from the coaches to develop to his full potential. B
Rob Rolle - Villanova needed to get bigger in the secondary to help with matching up against some of the CAA's top passing offenses and Rolle will help with that at 6'1". He also probably has the speed to keep up with anyone he'll face after a standout career running the 4x100 relay and 110 hurdles at Delsea (NJ) HS. A
Malik Reaves - Another step toward a size increase on the secondary, Reaves checks in at 6'0" and 183-pounds. He could play either corner or safety at Villanova, and put up some great stats on defense this past fall. A
Ed Shockley - Villanova needs to replace Joey Harmon in 2015 and has three key juniors who will be graduating a year later. Adding Shockley and Steeb was a look forward to keep that pipeline filled. At 220-pounds, he will need to add a little bit more bulk in the weight room, but could play if needed. He fits well in the mold of other Nova LBs, but will be a few years away from a major role on the field. B
Jeff Steeb - At 6'3" 215-pounds, Steeb has potential to be a monster on the gridiron, but only after a little seasoning in the weight room. He is a hard-hitter who finds his way to the ball carrier and has high potential to develop into a factor. Like Shockley, however, his hey-day at Villanova won't come until 2015 or later. B+
Taurus Phillips - Phillips has run the 40-yard dash in 4.4 seconds and lit up the New York football scene as a running back. He doesn't project well as a tailback in college however, with Villanova instead planning to use him as a slot receiver, which will allow him to use his speed and elusiveness to burn opponents. He will still get some carries though, with Andy Talley indicating his role may be similar to that of Jamal Abdur-Rahman -- a playmaker. Phillips was receiving a lot of late interest from Nebraska and Nova was worried he might have headed west to Lincoln, but he signed yesterday. A+
Alex Padovani - Villanova lost it's big, consistent, receiver Joe Price to graduation and can anticipate at least two more losses at receiver next Spring. Padovani adds a 6'2" 195-pounder to the Wildcats' receiving corps to play on the outside. He has good speed for the position and an above-average vertical, but will want to add a little more muscle to aid in the blocking game. He'll be most useful in 2015 or later. B+
Matt Gudzak - With Ransford Quarrie out, this season, Villanova no longer has a true fullback on the roster. That isn't a big deal, since a "power" runner like Gudzak seems to fit Nova's spread offense much better. Villanova has a few guys in line ahead of Gudzak for carries the next two seasons, but if he develops into a guy who can "punch" it in on short-yardage and goal line situations, he will fill a role the 'Cats sorely need. B+
Steve Weyler - A consistent leg that can kick and punt, Villanova offered him a scholarship with the expectation that he could potentially come right in and kick for the 'Cats immediately, especially after the loss of Mark Hamilton to graduation. A-
This is a great class for the FCS level, exceeded perhaps only by the class that brought John Robertson and most of the rising seniors and redshirt-juniors to the Main Line. Between the high talent and athleticism of this class, there is a lot of potential for it to produce some very productive and possibly great players.
Villanova also gets an A+ for overcoming a massive power outage without missing a beat on signing day. They successfully received all 14 NLIs, processed them and locked down their class without electricity. That's old school.
Follow @VUhoops Follow @Brian_Ewart
Catching Up with the 'Cats: Week 14
The Sun's Arizin: Villanova Wildcats news and links for February 6, 2014
The National Letter of Intent: What Student-Athletes are signing at Villanova
Seton Hall vs. Villanova: Will the Villanova power outage threaten Friday's game?
National Signing Day 2014 results: Villanova
The LOI: What are they signing?


From 6 April 2018, the Government is introducing tax reforms which may impact the way that your business taxes payments in lieu of notice. Previously, an employment contract which did not contain a payment in lieu of notice ('PILON') clause, gave the employer the option to pay the employee their notice pay tax-free, up to £30,000.
From 6 April, this changes, and payments made in relation to notice periods which are not worked will need to be taxed and subjected to employer and employee National Insurance Contributions. This will be the case irrespective of whether or not there is a PILON clause in the employment contract.
When entering into a settlement agreement, if the parties have not dealt with, and taxed, the salary due in relation to an employee's notice entitlement separately, a "post-employment notice pay" tax liability could be charged on the termination payment.
The employer would receive a tax demand for this amount, and there could be penalties, interests and costs charged. Whilst settlement agreements usually contain tax indemnities from employees, enforcing an indemnity is unlikely to be straightforward.
The new statutory rules require employers to split a termination payment between amounts treated as taxable earnings, and amounts benefiting from the £30,000 exemption.
Practically this means that, when making a termination payment which includes notice pay under a settlement agreement, employers will have to carry out a specific statutory calculation to determine how much of the payment is "post employment notice pay". Once established, this sum must then be set out in the settlement agreement and taxed appropriately. The remainder of any termination payment can still be paid tax free, up to £30,000.
For the purposes of this calculation, the post employment notice period is often going to broadly align with the unworked notice period. Under statute, the period is equal to the minimum notice an employer must give by contract or law to terminate employment. This period commences on the last day of employment and ends on the earliest lawful termination date.
The statutory calculations are relatively straightforward for those paid on a monthly basis, with notice periods expressed in months. However, the calculations are more complicated for those who are not paid on a monthly basis or whose notice periods are not expressed in months. This means additional care will need to be taken to ensure the right amount is taxed.
there are no longer any tax advantages to achieve by having no PILON clause in a contract of employment. It would be worthwhile considering whether to amend your employment contracts to include PILON clauses. We would recommend such PILON clauses are limited to payments of basic salary only, and that sums can be paid in instalments.
if you do not have PILON clauses in your contracts, you may wish to review the length of your notice periods to ensure that notice periods are not excessively long (resulting in more of the payment being taxable under the new rules). You should also review whether notice periods should be expressed in months rather than weeks. This would simplify the calculation of the taxable notice pay under the new rules.
the changes to tax rules will push up average settlement costs for some employers, and you should consider other tax efficiency options when negotiating settlement agreements, for example, making payments into the employee's pension. In some circumstances, you may be able to agree that a dismissal was for 'gross misconduct' and therefore without notice. This potentially removes the requirement to tax notice pay under the new rules (although note that this is a grey area under the legislation).
you should consider whether changes need to be made to your template settlement agreements, to refer to the post employment notice period. We can provide you with draft wording, if you require.
Older PostWake-up call: gender pay gap reporting – is your business ready?