Tim was raised in the Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania and is a graduate of Bucknell University (B.A., 1972), Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (M.Div., 1975), and Westminster Theological Seminary, where he received his D.Min in 1981. He became a Christian while at Bucknell University, due in large part to the ministry of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, with which he later served as a staff member. He was ordained by the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) and served as a pastor in Virginia for nine years, while also serving Mid-Atlantic Presbytery's director of church planting for the PCA. He was an associate professor of preaching on the faculty of Westminster Theological Seminary, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1984-1989 while also serving as the Director of the Doctor of Ministry program.
Tim is the founder and senior pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City. Tim and his wife Kathy, along with their three sons, moved to New York City to plant Redeemer in 1989. Since then the church has grown to a weekly worshipping community of over 5,000 people, meeting at five services in three different rented locations in Manhattan. The average age of the church community is 33 years, and over 60% are single. Known for sermons that illuminate the truths of scripture and engage the contemporary mind, Christian and skeptic alike, Dr. Keller's ministry extends beyond NYC. He is the New York Times best-selling author of The Reason for God; as well as The Prodigal God; Counterfeit Gods; Generous Justice; King's Cross and his latest book, The Meaning of Marriage.


text:
Q: Unsure how $(\ell^1)^*\cong\ell^\infty$ I do not really understand how the dual space of $\ell^1$ is isomorphic $\ell^\infty$ in that $\ell^\infty$ is a set of sequences and a dual space is a set of functions. I know I am most likely not understanding something relatively simple but I cannot seem to wrap my head around why this is the case.

A: The way you show one vector space $W$ over $\mathbf R$ (say) can be viewed as the dual of another vector space $V$ over $\mathbf R$ is to figure out a way to make each $w \in W$ act as an $\mathbf R$-linear map $f_w \colon V \to \mathbf R$ that depends linearly on $w$ ($f_{w + w'} = f_w + f_{w'}$, $f_{cw} = cf_{w}$ in $V^*$), and make sure each $f_w$ is a continuous map on $V$ if $V$ and $W$ are Banach spaces (since for those, the dual space is defined to be continuous linear functionals, not all linear functionals).
Example 1.  If $V = \mathbf R^n$ then we can make $V$ look like its own dual space by associating to each $\mathbf v$ the $\mathbf R$-linear map $f_\mathbf v \colon V \to \mathbf R$ where $f_{\mathbf v}(\mathbf x) = \mathbf v \cdot \mathbf x$ for all $\mathbf x \in V$. Each $f_\mathbf v$ is in $V^*$ and the map $V \to V^*$ where $\mathbf v \mapsto f_\mathbf v$ is linear ($f_{\mathbf v + \mathbf v'} = f_\mathbf v + f_{\mathbf v'}$, $f_{c\mathbf v} = cf_{\mathbf v}$ in $V^*$) and injective (if $f_\mathbf v = 0$ in $V^*$ then $f_\mathbf v(\mathbf x) = 0$ for all $\mathbf x$ in $V$, so in particular $0 = f_\mathbf v(\mathbf v) = \mathbf v \cdot \mathbf v$, implying $\mathbf v = \mathbf 0$). Since $V$ and $V^*$ have the same (finite) dimension, a linear injective map between them is surjective and thus an isomorphism, so every element of $V^*$ has the form $f_\mathbf v$ for a unique $\mathbf v$ in $V$. By turning each $\mathbf v$ in $V$ into $f_\mathbf v$ in $V^*$, $V$ turns into its own dual space.
Example 2. (This is the one you asked about.) For a bounded sequence $\mathbf b \in \ell^\infty$ and an $\ell^1$-sequence $\mathbf x \in \ell^1$, the "inner product"
$$
\mathbf b \cdot \mathbf x := \sum_{n \geq 1} b_nx_n
$$
is absolutely convergent.  Write this series as $f_{\mathbf b}(\mathbf x)$, so $f_{\mathbf b} \colon \ell^1 \to \mathbf R$ is $\mathbf R$-linear.
Set $b = |\mathbf b|_\infty = \max_{n \geq 1} |b_n|$. Then
$$
|f_{\mathbf b}(\mathbf x)| \leq \sum_{n \geq 1} |b_n||x_n| \leq b\sum_{n \geq 1} |x_n| = b|\mathbf x|_1 = |\mathbf b|_\infty|\mathbf x|_1,
$$
so $f_{\mathbf b} \colon \ell^1 \to \mathbf R$ is a bounded linear functional on $\ell^1$ and thus it is continuous (a linear map between normed vector spaces is continuous if and only if it is bounded).
Thus to each $\mathbf b \in \ell^\infty$ we have constructed a continuous linear functional $f_{\mathbf b} \in (\ell^1)^*$, so we get a function $\ell^\infty \to (\ell^1)^*$ by $\mathbf b \mapsto f_{\mathbf b}$. That is how we make elements of $\ell^\infty$ into elements of $(\ell^1)^*$. Check this mapping  $\ell^\infty \to (\ell^1)^*$ is $\mathbf R$-linear and continuous.  Then its injectivity is easy: show the kernel is $\{\mathbf 0\}$ by applying $f_{\mathbf b}$ to well-chosen elements of $\ell^1$. Surjectivity of $\ell^\infty \to (\ell^1)^*$ is more subtle (the only "finicky" part,  in your lecturer's terminology), and it depends in an essential way on all of the elements of $(\ell^1)^*$ being continuous linear functionals. See here.
Warning.  By switching the roles of $\ell^\infty$ and $\ell^1$, we get a natural mapping $\ell^1 \to (\ell^\infty)^*$, say $\mathbf x \mapsto g_{\mathbf x}$, where $g_{\mathbf x}(\mathbf b) = \mathbf b \cdot \mathbf x$. This is easily seen to be $\mathbf R$-linear, continuous, and injective, so you might think it leads to $(\ell^\infty)^* \cong \ell^1$. But that is false! The mapping $\ell^1 \to (\ell^\infty)^*$, where $\mathbf x \mapsto g_{\mathbf x}$ is not surjective. And in fact
$(\ell^\infty)^*$ is not isomorphic to $\ell^1$ at all (not even by some mapping other than the one we tried to use). Unfortunately there is no concrete example of an element of $(\ell^\infty)^*$ that's not of the form $g_{\mathbf x}$: that $(\ell^\infty)^* \not\cong \ell^1$ is due to non-constructive reasons related to concepts like Banach limits, nonprincipal ultrafilters, and Stone-Cech compactifications.  See here.

A: Let $L$ be a linear functional on $\ell^1$, we have $L:\ell^1 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. $L$ is defined by its action on a basis, $\{L(e_i)\}$ and can be written as $L(a) = L(\sum_i a_i e_i) = \sum_i a_i L(e_i)$.  So lets form the isomorphism $\phi(L) = \{L(e_i)\}$. If $sup_i |L(e_i)| < \infty$ then $|\sum_i a_i L(e_i)| \leq \sum_i |a_i L(e_i)| \leq \sup_i |L(e_i)| \times \sum_i |a_i|  < \infty$. Hence $\ell^{\infty} \subset \phi(\ell^1)$, Now if $sup_i |L(e_i)| = \infty$, then there exits a subsequence $\{L(e_{n_i}) : |L(e_{n_i})| > N_M, \forall i \geq M \}$. Let $M_N = \inf\{n_p: |L(e_{n_i})| > N, \forall i \geq n_p\} + 1$. Now choose the $\ell_1$ sequence $x_{M_N} = sign(L(e_{M_N})) \times \frac{1}{N^2}$  and other $x_i$ are equal to $0$.  Now $L(x) = \sum_{N} x_{M_N} L(e_{M_N}) \geq \sum_{N} \frac{1}{N} $ which is not in $\ell^1$. Hence $\phi(\ell^1) = \ell^{\infty}$.
EDIT: In the above I assumed $(\ell^1)^*$ is a space of linear functionals on $\ell^1$ of bounded norm i.e., $\sup_x |Lx|/||x||_{\ell^1} < \infty $ for $L \in (\ell^1)^*$. The insight is linear functional which is a linear map of bounded norm is defined by its action on the basis elements and hence can be mapped to a fixed sequence and since the linear functional maps a sequence to its inner product by a fixed sequence and since we want this inner product to converge in norm this forces the sequence to which the linear functional is mapped to have certain  properties w.r.t norm. Here the norm forced upon is $\ell^{\infty}$. In general it's the holder's inequality which dictates what norm is forced upon in the sequence to which linear functional is mapped to so that the inner product converges. Goes to say about beauty of holder's inequality.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
National Park Arizona
Abert's squirrel, also called the tassel-eared squirrel, is one of the most commonly seen mammals at Grand Canyon National Park.
Over 90 species of mammals call Grand Canyon National Park home, giving this park higher mammalian species diversity than Yellowstone. From the largest land animal in North America to some of the highest bat species diversity in the United States, Grand Canyon is home to a far larger mammalian population than many people think. Most visitors to the park see mule deer, elk, and squirrels, but many of Grand Canyon's mammals are secretive or nocturnal and move around unnoticed.
Species Attribute Definitions
Occurrence values are defined below. One or more Occurrence Tags may be associated with each Occurrence value.
Present: Species occurs in park; current, reliable evidence available.
Probably Present: High confidence species occurs in park but current, verified evidence needed.
Unconfirmed: Species is attributed to park but evidence is weak or absent.
Not In Park: Species is not known to occur in park.
Occurrence Tags
Adjacent: Species is known to occur in areas near to or contiguous with park boundaries.
False Report: Species was reported to occur within the park, but current evidence indicates the report was based on misidentification, a taxonomic concept no longer accepted, or other similar problem of error or interpretation.
Historical: Species' historical occurrence in park is documented. Assigned based on judgment as opposed to determination based on age of the most recent evidence.
Abundant:
Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers.
Plants: Large number of individuals; wide ecological amplitude or occurring in habitats covering a large portion of the park.
Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers.
Plants: Large numbers of individuals predictably occurring in commonly encountered habitats but not those covering a large portion of the park.
Uncommon:
Animals: Likely to be seen monthly in appropriate habitat and season. May be locally common.
Plants: Few to moderate numbers of individuals; occurring either sporadically in commonly encountered habitats or in uncommon habitats.
Animals: Present, but usually seen only a few times each year.
Plants: Few individuals, usually restricted to small areas of rare habitat.
Animals: Occurs in the park at least once every few years, varying in numbers, but not necessarily every year.
Plants: Abundance variable from year to year (e.g., desert plants).
Unknown: Abundance unknown
Nativeness
Native: Species naturally occurs in park or region.
Non-native: Species occurs on park lands as a result of deliberate or accidental human activities.
Unknown: Nativeness status is unknown or ambiguous.
List Differences
The Checklist contains only those species that are designated as "present" or "probably present" in the park.
The Full List includes all the checklist species in addition to species that are unconfirmed, historically detected, or incorrectly reported as being found in the park. The full list also contains species that are "in review" because their status in the park hasn't been fully determined. Additional details about the status of each species is included in the full list.
The checklist will almost always contain fewer species than the full list.
Select a Park:
Select a Species Category (optional):
All Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles Vascular Plants
Get Checklist
Get Full List
Visit NPSpecies for more comprehensive information and advanced search capability. Have a suggestion or comment on this list? Let us know.
Pallid Bat
NPS Eric Hope
Grand Canyon National Park is home to one of the highest bat diversities anywhere in the United States, providing habitat to 22 species of bats. Many bats in the park eat insects, with the Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) capable of eating 1,200 mosquito-sized insects an hour. Others feed on fish and yet others eat the nectar of fruit producing plants-helping to pollinate the plants.
However, a fatal disease has started to infect these creatures across the country. White-Nose Syndrome has not reached Arizona but is likely in the next few years. Although it's unlikely you'll encounter all of Grand Canyon's bat species during your visit, look into the evening and night skies to view the only mammals capable of true flight.
Bighorn Sheep thrive in the desert scrub of the Grand Canyon.
One of the largest and most charismatic of Grand Canyon National Park's wildlife is the desert bighorn sheep.
This species is the largest native animal in the park with males weighing up to 300 lbs (135 kg), though two nonnative species living in the park, bison and elk are larger.
Though bighorn are generally associated with mountainous terrain, the unique landscape found in the Grand Canyon provide excellent habitat unlike any other on earth. The canyons have provided remote refuges for these animals and this is the only non-reintroduced population of desert bighorn.
Bison herd on North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, 2017.
American bison are the largest land-dwelling mammal in North America, weighing over 2000 lbs (900kg). Currently, bison are only found on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon.
Grand Canyon Bison Facts
Bison History at Grand Canyon
Bison Impacts and Monitoring at Grand Canyon National Park
Bison Management at Grand Canyon National Park
Elk (Cevus elaphus) are the largest member of the deer family (Cervidae) in Grand Canyon National Park.
The Rocky mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the park come from 303 individuals introduced to the state from 1913-1928 from Yellowstone National Park.
While they can appear calm, elk are wild animals that can be dangerous. Please view these animals from at least 100 feet.
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are very common throughout western North America, and are one of the most commonly seen animals in Grand Canyon National Park.
Their large ears resemble those of mules - hence the name.
They have a narrow tail which distinguishes them from white-tailed deer (Which are common in the United States, but not found in Grand Canyon National Park).
Hog-nosed Skunk
NPS Jen Hiebert
The Grand Canyon is home to one of the world's largest species of skunk, the American hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus).
The park is north of the species' known range, but two skunks were reported by river trips on the Colorado River in 2014. It is unknown whether the species has been overlooked in the Grand Canyon in the past, or if it has expanded its range northwest.
These sightings suggest a breeding population on both sides of the river. Park biologists are beginning a study of the distribution and presence of hog-nosed skunks in the canyon.
Mountain lion kitten being handled by park biologists.
Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are the largest predators found in the Grand Canyon.
There are 18 native South American, 25 native North American, and 40 English names for this species, and the most common are puma, cougar, panther, and catamount.
Humans in Grand Canyon have no reason to fear mountain lions because they do not see humans as prey. For mountain lions, being hit by cars is a common cause of death. Please use caution when driving, especially on East Rim Drive.
This small mammal, often called a ringtail cat, miner's cat, or bassarisk, is Arizona's state mammal. It is a common, albeit rarely-seen member of Grand Canyon's fauna. The musky smell they excrete deters would be predators such as foxes, coyotes, and bobcats.
NPS Photo
Javelina are known by many names: collared peccary and musk hog are commonly used. Javelina young are sometimes called reds because of the color their fur at that stage. No matter what you call them, javelinas are not pigs. They are however, hoofed mammals that look quite like pigs. Ancestors of today's javelinas made the journey, over the Bering land-bridge, eventually to Central and South America.
Arizona Game and Fish Web Site
Grand Canyon, AZ 86023

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The hemp industry is no stranger to Kentucky. How well do you know your cannabis?
"We're making a bet on the biomedical applications of CBD," said Kris Kimel, Space Tango's chairman and co-founder, who for many years headed the non-profit Kentucky Science and Technology Corp.
Hemp was once Kentucky's biggest cash crop, because its fiber makes good rope and fabric. But the United States banned the growing of hemp in 1937 because of its resemblance to marijuana. Kentucky and more than a dozen other states have started to revive the crop on a limited basis in recent years under strict federal oversight.
"We'll see what happens when we take hemp out of the physics and atmosphere of Earth," Kimel said, adding that the company eventually plans to create more subsidiaries for other specific types of biomedical research in space.


Exploring and sharing the Wednesday Word (further information is available on www.wednesdayword.org).
Maintaining a weekly thought of the week display board.
Supporting and leading Key Stage and whole school assemblies.
Being responsible role models within the school living out the Gospel Values.
The school buys the Wednesday Word for every child to explore the next week's Gospel at home. Our Chaplaincy Team deliver the Wednesday Word to each class every week. Please share this with your child. Further information is available on the following website.


According to a criminal complaint, Willard Hartman and Benjamin Krohn had five guns - long guns and pistols - with them.
An Ozaukee County Circuit judge on March 6 bound over for trial the two men accused in early February of bringing a cache of loaded guns — including assault-style rifles — to Homestead High School.
Court records indicate that on the same day Sturgeon Bay residents Willard Hartman and Benjamin Krohn waived their right to a preliminary hearing. Judge Joseph Voiland accepted the waivers and scheduled May 8 arraignments for both men, who are free on separate $5,000 cash bonds.
Hartman and Krohn, both 19, are facing a combined 25 criminal charges for allegedly possessing firearms on school grounds, illegally carrying concealed weapons and possession of drugs and related paraphernalia.
According to a criminal complaint, police discovered the guns and drugs after pulling Hartman over at about 3:44 p.m. Feb. 10 — four days before a shooter killed 17 people at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida — for making an illegal U-turn at West Mequon Road and North River Trail.
An officer reportedly smelled marijuana while speaking with the men, and subsequently searched Hartman's car, in which he found five guns — three assault-style rifles and two handguns — all but one with loaded magazines.
The complaint did not specify whether the men brought the guns into the school with them.
Krohn, who said the guns belonged to him, reportedly told police he and Hartman were there watching a basketball game. He said in the complaint that he brought the guns "in case he wanted to trade or sell them to someone."
Police also found marijuana and oxycodone inside a duffle bag and a backpack in the car, according to the complaint.
If convicted, both men could face several years behind bars and tens of thousands of dollars in fines.


text:
Q: How to vertically align radio buttons I have the following markup:

Transfer Options:

            <input id="radioEmail" type="radio" name="sendType" value="email" disabled>Email

            <input id="radioAttachments" type="radio" name="sendType" value="attachments" disabled>Attachments

            <input id="radioBoth" type="radio" name="sendType" value="both" disabled>Email and attachments

The problem is the buttons are all next to each other on the x-axis. I have been changing things for a day. Moving it out of the row tag and back in, removing almost all the formatting and such. What I want to maintain is the input-group-addon styling, but I want each button on a new row. I've searched and found nothing, any clues?

A: In asking my question I came up with a really crappy answer:

Transfer Options:

        <input id="radioEmail" type="radio" name="sendType" value="email" disabled>Email

        <input id="radioAttachments" type="radio" name="sendType" value="attachments" disabled>Attachments

        <input id="radioBoth" type="radio" name="sendType" value="both" disabled>Email and attachments

This gives me each item on a new row but absolutely ruins the styling of Bootstrap radio buttons


text:
Manchester Magicians
A History of Magic in Manchester
Published 25/09/2021 | By Order of The Magi
The article below, written by the Order of the Magi's past editor Bayard Grimshaw, has been reproduced from "Magi Magoria" published by Supreme Magic in 1974, and covers a very brief history of Magic in Manchester and of course the Order of the Magi – one of the oldest societies for performing magicians in the world, up until the publication date.
Perhaps, one day, our current members could put together a further article dealing with the history of Magic in Manchester from 1974 to the present date…
MAGIC IN MANCHESTER
(Not just we Magi but also)
BAYARD GRIMSHAW
Understandably, the origins of Magic are obscure and a matter for speculation. We may assume that among our remote ancestors, as far back as the beginnings of community life, there came to the fore the "wise men", those whose special knowledge of natural principles enabled them to keep a step ahead of the rest and to astound their fellows by their ability to bring about strange and awe-inspiring results. They would use their power for the common good, or for personal prestige, and perhaps – who knows ? – to amuse and entertain, too.
The first written record of a magical performance as we understand the term today was contained In the Westcar Papyrus, the present whereabouts of which are in doubt: it described a display of Magic given by one Dedi, at the court of King Cheops in Egypt nearly six thousand years ago. Of the precise achievements of the Magi of the Ancient East we know little, though their reputation as wonder-workers has come down to us over the years, and inspired the title of the Order of the Magi.
Of Magic as entertainment during the centuries of the Greek and Roman civilisations we have ample evidence. A Greek writer of the third century has left us a detailed description of a performance of the sleight-of-hand feat known as the Cups and Balls, which, he wrote, "rendered me almost speechless and made me gape with surprise"; the routine he described might pass for one of the present day. Seneca, the great Roman philosopher, wrote of the same feat, and sensibly, wise man that he was, added: "If I get to know how a trick is done, I lose my interest in it". In those days it was done with round white pebbles and wine-cups, and it was from the name of the latter that the performer came to be known by the Romans as an "acetabularius".
So it is plausible to assume that the soldiers who garrisoned the Roman fort of Mamucium on the banks of the Irwell may well have been entertained, at times when the rude Brigantes ceased from troubling, by gifted comrades or by itinerant acetabularii. To their days, the first century A.D., we can ascribe the probable beginnings of Magic in Manchester.
As a centre of trade the city must have attracted, especially on market days, many of the travelling "jugglers" who made their way from town to town from the eighth to the sixteenth centuries. Probably such performers as Banks and Richardson in the seventeenth century, and Fawkes, Pinchbeck, Yeates, Comus and Jonas in the early eighteenth, visited Manchester, for they are known to have toured the provinces. Breslaw, the German who achieved such success in England, certainly appeared here several times between 1773 and 1782; so, almost certainly, did Katterfelto and probably too the illustrious Pinetti.
By the time we come to the nineteenth century we have more precise information. Ingleby visited Manchester in 1808; Philippe (Talon) in 1839, Dobler in 1842; the famed Anderson, the "Wizard of the North," in 1838-39 and again in 1841; Jacobs in 1850 and probably earlier, between 1834 and 1838; while Buck had a "record run" of a hundred consecutive nights in Manchester in 1851. The first Bosco was here about 1857, and Frikell in 1858.
But one instance of Magic in Manchester, looking back a century or so, stands out above the rest: that visit of Robert-Houdin, "father of modern magic", to the Theatre Royal in 1848. An original playbill, announcing the event, is a treasured possession of the Order of the Magi, and is handed into the care of each new President on the occasion of his installation. "The theatre in this city is immense", wrote Robert-Houdin in his Memoirs: "It can hold an entire people … Twelve hundred spectators scarcely filled the pit". And he goes on to devote seven pages to an account of his successful first night.
And so we come to the years of the great illusionists, all of whom visited Manchester on many occasions and attracted huge audiences to the numerous theatres of the city and its surrounding districts. Manchester was not only a stronghold of entertainment but a place of theatrical stores and workshops, the centre of the great Broadhead Tour; it was said that one could lodge in Rumford Street or Brunswick Street and do a year's work on the halls, travelling back to one's "digs" each night by tramcar.
The latter years of the last century, and the first decades of the present, were a golden age of Magic; the art, ever popular with the entertainment-loving public, flourished as never before. Most variety bills had their magician, be he merely a front-cloth act with no more of a repertoire than a few card sleights; but the princes of the profession were those who toured a full show, with their lavish publicity and their own scenery, their regiments of well-trained assistants, their floating ladies and their vanishing ladies and their incredible productions and transpositions.
Hartz, Servais Le Roy, Rameses; Devant, Carl Hertz, De Biere, Lingha Singh; Lafayette, Chung Ling Soo, Houdini, Goldin, The Great Carmo – their names spelt glamour and mystery. Their interviews appeared in the press, articles about them in the weekly and monthly magazines. Their advent to a local theatre, heralded by intriguing posters on the hoardings, aroused delicious anticipation: one could hardly wait for the week to come. And their mysteries provided ample material for speculation and discussion for weeks afterwards.
We must not forget that alongside of these "greats" flourished the lesser lights of the concert and the children's party, the ladies' evening, the soiree and the conversazione. Such were the majority of the founders and early members of the Order of the Magi. They basked in the limelight touched off by their more famous elder brethren, they were in great demand and their date books were full.
Came the time when the variety theatres reeled under the successive blows of the silent cinema and the "talkies", radio and eventually television; when recording "stars" topped the bills in the larger of what few Hippodromes and Palaces survived, "strip" shows the smaller, leaving scant space for the stage magician. For a while Dante, Kalanag, Lyle, Murray, Levante and a few more tried to keep alive the tradition of the big magical show in this country. But in the end it was largely left to the magical societies to keep Magic alive.
At the turn of the century magicians from all over the world, and local magicians in particular, amateur and professional, little-known and well known, used to foregather on Sunday afternoons and evenings at the home of Harry Whiteley at 86 Medlock Street. Mr. Whiteley, performer, author and magical dealer, had countless friends in Magic; he was British correspondent of 'The Sphinx', the great American magical monthly. Famous illusionists, touring the provinces, would when possible break their journeys in Manchester in order to spend an hour or two at Harry Whiteley's; others, working within travelling distance, would come over just for the pleasure of spending a short time with kindred spirits.
Such a one was Chung Ling Soo (W.E. Robinson). Believed by all save those in the know to be genuinely Chinese, he was actually born in America, of Scottish ancestry; but he seemed to have a special affection for Manchester, where he had many friends, and for many years he had a store and workshop at Bolton, where his colleague Ritherdon designed and made much of his elaborate apparatus and scenery.
These informal gatherings led to the formation of an equally informal society, "The Friends of Magic;" Soo was the President. Though this association did not directly lead to the formation of the Order of the Magi, it no doubt had an indirect influence, and it was, as far as we know, the first banding together of magicians in the Manchester area.
It was probably at Harry Whiteley's house that G. W. Panter, M. A. , a keen student of magic a member of the recently formed Magic Circle, met fellow conjurors and, realising their strength, saw the desirability of forming in Manchester a more formally constituted society. At first he consulted with the Council of the Magic Circle, with a view to instituting a northern branch of that body; this was found, for several reasons, to be impracticable. And so, emboldened by news of the success of two magical societies in the U.S.A. , the Society of American Magicians and the Detroit Circle, and two in England, the British Magical Society in Birmingham and the Northern Magical Society – now long defunct – in Liverpool, as well as the Magic Circle itself, Mr. Panter embarked upon the formation of a new society altogether.
An advertisement was placed in the local papers, and a notice displayed in Waite's magic-shop-cum-barber's in Peter Street near to the old Tivoli Theatre, inviting those interested to meet on the 11th March, 1909, at the Cities Hotel, Deansgate. About thirty conjurors attended; support was assured, and with enthusiasm the new Society was duly formed. Mr. Panter was elected President; Mr. Waite became Treasurer and Librarian; and Mr. T. H. Halsall was the first Secretary. On second thoughts he found that he could not spare the necessary time, and two days later he was succeeded by J. W. Riley ("De Meglio"), a well-known performer who managed Wiles' conjuring department and entertainment bureau for many years.
Among those present was a young man named Ronald Bumby, who became President in 1967 and is still happily with us in 1977.
Business being concluded, there was an impromptu entertainment. The first trick, Diminishing and Vanishing Cards, was shown by dear old Arthur Buckle, a well-loved member who became President in 1947 and remained active until his death in 1954; another performer was Mr. Halsall, President from 1936 to 1946, who, the report says, "proved himself to be a master of coins".
The as yet unnamed society promised well from the start. At the next meeting probably inspired by President Panter, the title "The Order of the Magi", a happy choice, was decided upon. The Order was fortunate in having among its members an artist and process engraver, Mr. Holmes, and a printer, Mr. Wildman; so well-designed letter-headings and programmes were readily available. During the first year several open meetings and a Ladies' Evening were held; among the performers were Brothers Ron Bumby and Charles Meyer. A badge was designed and made, and a library was started.
The first issue of "The Magi", the Order's monthly journal, is dated the first of May, 1910. It consisted of two pages of duplicated typescript, and R. Mervyn Varney, a popular entertainer, was the first Editor. A few months later he was taken ill, and he died in July, 1911. Early issues mention visits from Max Sterling, Servais Le Roy, and The Great Raymond, who later became a member; meetings were held at the Deansgate Hotel, and special events at Hime and Addison's Concert Rooms. Brother Holmes designed a printed heading for the journal; it survived unchanged until 1950 when "The Magi" attained the dignity of print. It was a year later that H. Albiston Gee entered upon his long and distinguished editorship.
To recount even a drastically condensed history of the Order over the following years would fill a sizeable volume. Some day, perhaps it can be set down. Even to list the names of those great magicians who became members and honorary officers would take up more space than we have at our present command: Nevil Maskelyne, Servais Le Roy, Max Sterling, Horace Goldin, Chris Van Bern, De Biere, Victor Farelli, Chung Ling Soo, Professor Hoffman, David Devant and Harry Houdini come to mind, while almost everyone else of note visited meetings or corresponded.
And so The Order of the Magi flourished through the years, to reach its Golden Jubilee in 1959. This important landmark in its history was celebrated fittingly by a Jubilee Banquet at the Midland Hotel, attended by civic dignitaries and followed by a notable after-dinner entertainment; a Festival of Magic at the Lesser Free Trade Hall, open to the public, which attracted large audiences for a full week; two "magicians only" events, a session of close-up table magic and a free-and-easy type of show, which were attended by visiting magicians from far and wide; and perhaps most noteworthy of all, an Exhibition of "Magic Through the Ages" at the Central Library, undoubtedly the finest display of its kind which has ever been staged anywhere in the world, which still holds two unbroken records, for total attendance and length of run.
Meeting places have changed over the years: the Order has always lacked a permanent home, though in our present Headquarters at Hulme, only a short distance from the city centre, we are fortunate in having excellent facilities. Presidents, Secretaries, Treasurers, Editors have come and gone, though with less frequency than one might expect, for the Order has been fortunate in its officers and their devotion to their duties.
Members too have come and gone, but here again we have been fortunate. The high standards which have marked the Order of the Magi since its inception in 1909 have been maintained by the recruitment of new members to fill the places of those lost to us through the advancing years. The quality and enthusiasm of some of those recruited in recent years was shown by the formation of an Action Committee, which among other innovations has brought about the publication of the book now in your hands; another fine achievement, in June 1976, was an "At Home" day, "A Day with the Magi", held at our Headquarters. Attended by many magicians from other societies, this was an unqualified success.
The programme included a Children's Show, two Lectures, a session of Close-Up Magic, two Exhibitions, showing the "History of the Magi" and the "History of Playing-Cards", a Dealers' Hall in which four magical dealers were represented, and a great Gala Show. And the noteworthy feature of the day was that every performer, each of the lecturers, all of the workers behind and before the scenes – and even one of the four dealers – was one of our own members. How many other magical societies could attempt so comprehensive an event, to so high a standard, without calling on outside assistance?
One word more: the Order of the Magi can proudly claim three records, uncommon amongst societies of any kind. We have never failed to hold a monthly meeting; we have never failed to publish our monthly journal; and we have never suffered a schism.
For 68 years, through two world wars and immense changes in the social structure, the Order has gone from strength to strength. So long as it can march confidently forward to its Centenary in the year 2009, and beyond, so long will there be Magic in Manchester.
Tagged Entertainment, History, Magic, Magic Club, Magic History, Magic Society, Magical Society, Magician, Magicians, Manchester, Manchester Free Trade Hall, Manchester History, Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall, Manchester Magic, Manchester Magic Society, Manchester Magicians, Order of The Magi, Order of The Magi Manchester, The Order Of The Magi
Hackin' The Hempen – Another Piece of Magi History Rescued & Researched
(or the link between a group of Manchester magicians & The Sex Pistols!)
Recently, one of our members was lucky enough to be able to obtain a programme from a 1952 production by members of The Order of The Magi, entitled "Hackin' The Hempen" (subtitled " A Magical Fantasy"). We are still looking into the origins of such a bizarre show title, and whilst various theories have been suggested, we are keeping an open mind at this time.
The show took place at The Lesser Free Trade Hall, Manchester on Saturday 18th October 1952, just 1 year after the venue reopened after being damaged in 1940 during the Manchester Blitz.
The Free Trade Hall
Located on Peter Street, The Free Trade Hall is an important part of Manchester's history. Built in 1853 – 1856, on the site of the Peterloo Massacre (1819), the venue would play host to many famous names over the years – Charles Dickens, Benjamin Disraeli, and Winston Churchill, and would be the permanent residence to The Hallé Orchestra.
The Lesser Free Trade Hall
The Lesser Free Trade Hall was a smaller venue, upstairs within the same building, which was to later host the Sex Pistols famous concert in 1976, that inspired many bands including the Buzzcocks, Joy Division, New Order, The Smiths, Happy Mondays and Oasis; as well as being partly responsible for Manchester's iconic music scene, including The Hacienda, Madchester, Factory Records, and the indie scene:
https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/sex-pistols-50p-gig-manchester-8331165
The Programme and The Show…
As can been seen from the scan below, The programme, costing 3d was decorated with a lovely line drawing of a bearded wizard, dressed in mystical looking robes, surrounded by a cauldron, skull, spell books and other magical items. This drawing was in fact part of the letterhead used in the 1940's to decorated the society's "Magi Magazine".
The Front Inside Cover
Centre Pages – The Show
The centre pages detail the order of the evening's show, and the performers. It appears that the show's premise was a "History of Magic & Entertainment" starting with Zoroaster, moving through the Magic of Egypt (The Temple of Osiris), Alchemy, Punch & Judy performed by The Order of The Magi's President Fred A. Taylor – "The Swazzle Man", and 19th Century Music Hall. The first half of the show was closed by no other than Magical Legend Ken Brooke.
It is interesting to see that the show's interval lasted only 5 minutes. Today, even in the smallest of venues, it is impossible to imagine that an interval would last any less than 15 minutes. Was the director being optimistic, or are modern day audiences more demanding of a longer break?
The second half of the "Magical Fantasy" is dedicated to up to date, and futuristic Cabaret. We can only assume that Tommy Hill "The Ballunatic" was a balloon modeller, and that Jack Shepherd & Syd Walton performed in drag as "The Widdingtons" – "Two minds with not a single thought!"; no doubt a parody of the famous contemporary Australian Telepathy duo "The Piddingtons".
The penultimate part of the evening was Frank Cleaver's "Flying Saucer" subtitled "Magic of the Future". It would certainly be interesting to see if he had indeed predicted the future of magic!
After over 2 hours of magical entertainment, the show was to close with a Finale of the entire company, followed by "The Queen" – The National Anthem – a tradition that has died in most theatrical productions in the past 60 years.
This is the only online record of The Order Of The Magi's production "Hackin' The Hempen" from 1952. So it seems fitting that we include a full list of all the cast, the majority of whom would have been members of the only Magic Society in Manchester. Perhaps it will help anyone in the future researching any of the magicians, either for personal or professional reasons:
Frank G. Brown – Zoroaster
Reginald Boncey – The Inebriate
Stella Sweet – The Dancer
Len Ainsworth – The High Priest of Os-Ra
Syd Taylor – An Acolyte
Harold Swindells – The Alchemist
Fred A. Taylor – The Swazzle Man (President of The Order of The Magi at the time)
Douglas Ettenfield – The Man
Joyce – The Maid
Edgar Horner – Chairman
Dennis Birch, Stephen Birch and Pat Birch – The Birch Brothers – The Singing Waiters
Leslie Greenhalgh – The Man With The Hat
Arthur Horner – The Pianist
Ken Brooke – The Professor
Tommy Hill – The Balunatic
Jack Shepherd – Vera Widdington
Syd Walton – Gladys Widdington
Oscar Paulson – Tricks & Chatter
Frank G. Clever – Magic of The Future (The Flying Saucer)
Of course, a programme for a such a magical performance wouldn't be complete without credit to those behind the scenes who helped to put it all together.
Production – Will Hughes
Properties – Mal Davies
Electrician – H. Macartney
Stage Managers – George Wade & Norman Crook
Effects and Music – Geoff Lawrence
Show Devised & Arranged by Will Hughes, Syd Taylor and Harold Swindells
The Order of The Magi desires to express its appreciation of the invaluable help rendered by the following –
Miss Stella Sweet
Mr. Frank G. Brown
The Birch Brothers – (Dennis, Stephen and Pat)
Roy Lever
The Staff of The Free Trade Hall
Geoff Lawrence
Mameloks of Oxford Road for the loan of musical items
O. Z. Seferian for ticket work
The Inside Back Cover
The last page of the programme gives us a clue as to the length of the performance, declaring "Carriages at 9.45pm approx".
Reading and researching this programme has been an opportunity to learn a little more about The Free Trade Hall in Manchester, The Order of The Magi, it's members, and activities nearly 70 years ago. Without currently having any more information about each act, it is an opportunity to imagine what magic tricks were performed that night in Manchester City Centre, and if a similar show was to be performed today with the same programme, how each act might differ. There will be more information on the show in at least one issue of The Order of The Magi's society magazine "The Magi" from 1952, and hopefully soon we will be able to provide you with more details.
There is no doubt however, that any of the performers on Tuesday 18th October, 1952 could imagine that the stage they were performing on would be host to one of the world's greatest punk bands just 24 years later.
Can You Help with our Research?
It would be great to hear from anyone related to any of the magicians, or other performers, who took part in "Hackin' The Hempen". We would love to see photos of the performers (especially any promotional material etc). Perhaps you have an 1952 issue of The Magi Magazine that details the planning of the show, or features a report of each act's performance?
If you can help us in our research in any way, please get in touch – webmaster@orderofthemagi.co.uk
Tagged Magic, Magic History, Magic Programme, Manchester Free Trade Hall, Manchester History, Manchester Magic, Manchester Magic Society, Manchester Magicians, The Order Of The Magi, The Sex Pistols


Pride Electrical Services of Florida, Inc. is an established industrial and commercial electrical contractor dedicated to meeting the needs of clients throughout the state of Florida.
The philosophy that powers Pride Electrical Services is simple: work hard for our customers, building a reputation for integrity and quality. Our strong reliance on customer service has kept our clients coming back since 1970. We deliver quality work, on time, on budget—every time; and we remain on-task for follow-up.
Over the years, we have assembled an expert staff representing the top candidates in the field. Our staff specializes in getting problems solved and off the table. We take pride in the positive feedback we receive from clients, who often contact us just to report how pleased they are with the knowledgeable service, energy and customer-friendly attitude our team presents at every job.
Experience can go a long way when tackling complex electrical installations, but the staff of Pride Electrical Services believes it takes more to meet the needs of our clients. We strive to keep abreast of the latest technology and information available in the field. Whether it's the latest in installations or new safety measures, we keep up with the changes that can affect every project; our experience doesn't mean we're attached to old ideas.


The ocean today is at a crisis point; global warming, pollution and land reclamation are already destroying the fragile balance of the sea. When we add to that the destructive effects of over fishing and mismanagement of fish stocks the scientific community agree, we may well witness the total collapse of the oceans ecosystem within our lifetime.
Life in the ocean is all tied into a fragile but robust system called a food chain. Imagine it like a pyramid built of layers called trophic levels. The first and largest trophic level consists of algaes and phytoplankton and bacteria. As we move up the trophic pyramid we encounter various animals from the very small fish and corals to the very large predators and ultimately end up at the top trophic level which is dominated by sharks.
For hundreds of millions of years this amazingly complicated web has self regulated and remained stable, that is until we developed fishing techniques that exceed the sustainable fishing levels. Currently on a worldwide scale almost every species of fish which is caught for commercial or and recreational purposes is fished beyond a sustainable level. Of most concern to us is the shark.
A healthy ocean needs sharks. They regulate populations of other large predatory fish and create stability in the food web. Without sharks in the ocean it is likely that in a very short time the food web would collapse from the top down, resulting in an ocean depleted of fish and human nourishment. In a very real sense the measure of our healthy ocean is the presence of sharks, and in that case we are in serious trouble.
Commercial fishing fleets are currently responsible for between 60 and 100 million shark deaths per year. Many shark species have declined in numbers by 90%. There are currently over 150 species of shark listed on the IUCN's Red List as near threatened or worse. Over 40 of these are considered at serious risk including the great hammerhead, oceanic white tip, grey nurse, the great white, Caribbean reef shark, leopard shark and the tiger shark, just to name a few familiar examples.
While action certainly needs to be taken on a global scale the fight to save our oceans needs to take place in your own backyard. In 2008 the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration reported ½ million sharks killed for recreational purposes, most of these were large sharks and most likely of breeding age. The vast majority of the anglers responsible for this catch are private boat owners and charter fishing boats.
The Shark Friendly Marinas Initiative aims to severely reduce shark mortality along the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf coasts by prohibiting the landing of any shark at participating marinas. This initiative stands to save tens of thousands of sharks per year as well as set a new global standard for responsible management of our oceans' resources.
Here's the bottom line: with this initiative, fisherman will no longer be allowed to bring sharks into a Shark-Friendly Marina for any photographic or trophy display purposes or for any cleaning or processing of the shark for fins, meat, jaws, or any other by-product.
Participating marinas will encourage those fishermen who are determined to fish for sharks to exercise safe catch-and-release techniques. While not as definitive as an outright ban on shark fishing, the acceptance of catch-and-release fishing techniques represents an incremental step in protecting valuable marine resources, with the intent that the long-term cumulative effect of the Shark Friendly Marina Initiative will ultimately make shark fishing less attractive as an activity.
Puerto Del Rey is proud to join the Shark Free Marina Program. Since acquiring the Marina in 2013, the new administration, Putnam Bridge Funding, has made its commitment to the environment one of its top priorities, including work to improve the surrounding waters and eco-systems in the Marina area. Puerto Del Rey has a strong fishing community as part of its boating clientele, and the Marina understands that it is important to connect its recreational fishermenwith groups such as Shark Free Marina, in order to educate and fight against declining shark populations, which are an important component to the ecosystems that makeup our oceans. The Marina has already committed to the protection of the billfish species, by ensuring its annual billfish tournament is conducted as a catch-and-release format, in order to protect the billfish species in Puerto Rico. Puerto Del Rey is excited to begin its latest endeavor with its partnership with Shark Free Marina in order to extend this work to protect shark species.
Puerto Del Rey will support the Shark Free Marina initiative by implementing various new regulations as part of the Marina's overall green-friendly strategies. First, the Marina will make specific amendments to its Harbor Regulations by including a rule which prohibits fisherman from landing any shark at our Marina, including the extension of this rule to the commercial fishermen's docks. Management has already spoken to the spokesperson of the commercial fishermen's group and we agreed that they will not be fishing or catching shark. The Marina will ensure that any new client that brings his or her vessel to Puerto Del Rey is advised of the rule when signing a vessel space license agreement. Further, in order to educate the Marina's current clients, Puerto Del Rey plans to host environmental talks with its clients and the local communities to raise awareness about the importance of protecting this species. The Marina will host these educational activities in coordination with the organization "Pesca, Playa, y Ambiente", a local group which works to promote the conservation of our environment through education.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NOT PEER-REVIEWED
"PeerJ Preprints" is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
View peer-reviewed version
Biases in genome reconstruction from metagenomic data
William C Nelson, Jennifer M Mobberley
Microbiology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
10.7287/peerj.preprints.2953v1
Bioinformatics, Genomics, Microbiology
genome reconstruction, binning, genomes from metagenomes, metagenomics
© 2017 Nelson et al.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Nelson WC, Mobberley JM. 2017. Biases in genome reconstruction from metagenomic data. PeerJ Preprints 5:e2953v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2953v1
Background: Technological advances in sequencing, assembly and segregation of resulting contigs into species-specific bins has enabled the reconstruction of individual genomes from environmental metagenomic data sets. Though a powerful technique, it is shadowed by an inability to truly determine whether assembly and binning techniques are accurate, specific, and sensitive due to a lack of complete reference genome sequences against which to check the data. Errors in genome reconstruction, such as missing or mis-attributed activities, can have a detrimental effect on downstream metabolic and ecological modeling, and thus it is important to assess the accuracy of the process.
Methods: We compared genomes reconstructed from metagenomic data to complete genome sequences of 10 organisms isolated from the same community to identify regions not captured by typical binning techniques. The nucleotide content, as %G+C and tetranucleotide frequencies, and sequence redundancy within both the genome and across the metagenome were determined for both the captured and uncaptured regions. This direct comparison allowed us to evaluate the efficacy of nucleotide composition and coverage profiles as elements of binning protocols and look for biases in sequence characteristics and gene content in regions missing from the reconstructions.
Results: We found that repeated sequences were frequently missed in the reconstruction process as were short sequences with variant nucleotide composition. Genes encoded on the missing regions were strongly biased towards ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, mobile element functions and genes of unknown function.
Conclusions: Our observation of increased mis-binning of short regions, especially those with variant nucleotide content, and repeated regions implies that factors which affect assembly efficiency also impact binning accuracy. To a large extent, mis-binned regions appear to derive from mobile elements. Our results support genome reconstruction as a robust process, and suggest that reconstructions determined to be >90% complete are likely to effectively represent organismal function.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Compositional variance as a function of CDR/MDR length
Tetranucleotide frequency χ2 values were calculated for each CDR and MDR as described in the Methods and plotted against the length of each region. HL-46 serves as a control; having less than half of its genome represented in the reconstruction, CDRs (blue) and MDRs (green) should be indistinguishable. A general negative relationship is observed, however, experimental CDRs (red) show a strong relationship, whereas MDRs (yellow) are poorly explained by this model, suggesting variant sequence comprises a greater proportion of MDRs.
DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.2953v1/supp-1
Analysis summaries
Representation of summarized data for all genomes. Data depiction is as described for Figure 2.
William C Nelson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Jennifer M Mobberley conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Data Deposition
The raw sequence data is freely available from the NCBI and IMG databases. Analysis was performed using third party, open source software and databases. References describing how to acquire data and software are included in the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript.
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as part of BER's Genomic Science Program (GSP). This contribution originates from the GSP Foundational Scientific Focus Area (FSFA) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Sequence data presented was generated at the DOE Joint Genome Institute under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Community Science Project 701. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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How To Become A Weapons Engineer In India
India Surges to Second-Biggest U.S. Weapons Buyer Bloomberg
ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN � WEAPON ENGINEERING You may have the opportunity to serve beyond this, depending on what you want and the needs of the Royal Navy. If you want to leave, you can send us your request one year before completing your specified return of service. How long this return of service is, will depend on the branch you join. You will need to give 12 months� notice. Promotion... 13/05/2014�� Hello Fellow physicist. I have a vision to be an aspiring weapons engineer, not just any form of weapons engineering though. But state of the art �
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India's Nuclear Weapons Program. The Beginning: 1944-1960. Last changed 30 March 2001. Historical Background. The end of World War II marked a revolution in world affairs - the recasting of nations and relations between nations, and the emergence of a new technology which fundamentally changed the �
13/11/2013�� If you are going to be an engineer who offers your services directly to the public, then you must become licensed, writes the Bureau of Labor Statistics on its website. Requirements for a license usually are a degree from a program approved by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology, four years of work in the field and passing your state's board exam.
ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN � WEAPON ENGINEERING You may have the opportunity to serve beyond this, depending on what you want and the needs of the Royal Navy. If you want to leave, you can send us your request one year before completing your specified return of service. How long this return of service is, will depend on the branch you join. You will need to give 12 months� notice. Promotion
Step 2. Graduate from a college accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology with a four-year degree in engineering. "Engineers typically enter the occupation with a bachelor's degree in an engineering specialty," according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,"but some basic research positions may require a graduate degree."
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text:
Gangs and Organized
Strange Events
Friendly Ghosts
Violent Ghosts
Other Ghosts
People in Unusual Circumstances
Sideshow Anomalies
Strange Persons
Odd Happenings
Unusual Places (you can visit)
Lost Objects
Feedback (Email)
Altered Dimensions Paranormal
UFOs over Washington (1952)
// December 26th, 2012 // Sightings
Radar Warnings
In the summer of 1952, Washington National Airport and Andrews Air Force Base became quite alarmed when radar picked up several flying objects over Washington D.C. Even more alarming, coordinates indicated that he objects were flying directly over the White House and the United States Capitol.
Around midnight on July 19, 1952, radar operators at Washington National Airport noted several 'blips' on the radar over Washington D.C. (15 miles from the Washington National airport). These objects appeared to be traveling at 100 to 130 m.p.h. and would then suddenly accelerate to unbelievable speeds – sometimes in excess of 7,200 m.p.h. Washington National radar operators immediately contacted a local radio operator who confirmed that he too was tracking the objects. With two confirmations in hand they decided to further clarify the situation with Andrews Air Force Base.
Washington Tower: Andrews Tower, do you read? Did you have an airplane in sight west-northwest or east of your airport moving east-bound?
Andrews: No, but we just got a call from the center. We're looking for it.
Washington: We've got a big target showing up on our scope. He's just coming in on the west edge of your airport-the northwest edge of it eastbound. He'll be passing right through the northern portion of your field on an east heading. He's about a quarter of a mile from the northwest runway-right over the edge of your northwest runway now.
Andrews: What happened to your target now?
Washington: He's still eastbound. He went directly over Andrews Fields and is now five miles east.
Andrews: Where did he come from?
Washington: We picked him up ourselves at about seven miles east, slightly southeast, and we have been tracking him ever since then. The Center has been tracking him farther than that.
Andrews: Was he waving his course?
Washington: Holding steady course, due east heading.
Andrews: This is Andrews. Our radar tracking says he's got a big fat target out here northeast of Andrews. He says he's got two more south of the field.
Washington: Yes, well the center has about four or five around the Andrews Range station. The Center is working a National Airlines – the center is working him and vectoring him around his target. He went around Andrews. He saw one of them – looks like a meteor. (Garbled)..Went by him..or something. He said he's got one about three miles off his right wing right now. There are so many targets around here it is hard to tell as they are not moving very fast.
Andrews: What about his altitude?
Washington: Well, must be over 8,000 feet as we don't have him in radar any more.
Fighters Dispatched
After the alarming exchange, Andrews Air Force Base immediately notified the U.S. Air Force Air Defense Command. Two F-94 night fighter planes were dispatched but due to runway repairs, it was a couple of hours before they could get off the ground. After the lengthy delay they arrived in the target area only to find vacant skies. Upon finding nothing they returned to base but the objects again began showing up on area radars. This game of cat and mouse continued throughout the night. Several times they had the objects in sight and upon approach the lights would suddenly 'blink out' and disappear. With continual radio contact between the pilots and radar control, it became apparent that when the pilots saw the objects disappear they would also simultaneously disappear from the radar.
Other Airborne Reports
Other aircraft also caught sight of the UFOs. The crew of a B-29 observed that the weather that night was clear with a bright, shining moon. They recalled that there were several meteors spotted both before and after the sightings but the bizarre sightings were definitely not meteors. The objects they described flew exceptionally fast and often seemed to 'disappear'. Some even reported seeing the objects traveling vertically. The entire sighting for the B-29 crew lasted 4 minutes, much longer than a typical meteor sighting.
Commercial pilots also radioed in sightings. Reports began pouring in describing objects ranging from a 'cigarette glow orange' to bright white. Descriptions of the movement of the objects was consistent with the military pilots reports.
The Second Wave
On July 26, 1952, the lights yet again showed up on radar. After confirming the sightings with other radar operators, F-94s were once again dispatched. As in the previous instance, the UFOs would vanish as soon as the pilots approached. After searching for 10 minutes the pilots turned and headed back to base. Upon returning, the blips reappeared on radar. The pilots made their turn and this time reported visual sightings of 4 lights. One of the pilots, in a high state of excitement exclaimed "they've surrounded my plane – what should I do?". Before a response was received, the lights disappeared.
Three days later, on July 29, 1952, Major General John A. Samford, director of air force intelligence, held a press conference. The official explanation was "temperature inversions". He explained that a scientific committee would be formed to examine the incidents in more detail, a study that would never materialize.
Temperature Inversions
The official explanation for the objects seen on radars was 'temperature inversions'. UFOlogists believe that temperature inversions could have been the cause of the blips seen on radar, although highly unlikely. They also point out that this does nothing to explain the hundreds of visual sightings, both from the air and from the ground. In fact, it is apparent that Project Bluebook also discounted this explanation as the Washington DC Lights case was officially classified as 'unknown'.
Pilots also disagreed with the temperature inversions explanation and noted that they were perfectly aware of temperature inversions in the area that night (they are in fact quite common in the Washington DC area). They indicated that they never believed the lights they saw were temperature inversions and wonder why the explanation was so easily accepted by the public since it was common knowledge that the known temperature inversions were at 1000 feet and the objects they spotted were much higher, often in the 8,000 to 10,000 feet range.
Radar operators at Washington National Airport (using a Type ASR-1 radar) and Washington ARTC Center (using a MEW radar) were also skeptical of the temperature inversion theory. Radar controller Barnes stated: "Inversion blips are always recognized by experts, we are familiar with what weather conditions, flying birds, and [other] such things can cause on radar." The operators noted that temperature inversions on radar are typically weak returns and move at a slow ground speed. These blips were distinctly clear (reported as "a very good return" and "solid") and often traveled and unbelievable speeds.
Since temperature inversions are slow moving, some have theorized that the operators may have momentarily looked away from the screen and upon glancing back, mistakenly picked up another, different blip or possibly another aircraft echo. This would explain the 'rapid speed' described by the radar operators. Of course, the radar operators find this explanation troubling due to the fact that it questions their ability to perform their jobs effectively. They are quick to point out that not only were the objects accurately reported, but the fact that their equipment only covers a portion of the sky, there could have been hundreds more of these objects beyond their radar range.
This case is unique in that the objects were viewed and photographed by hundreds of people, including many Air Force personnel who would be considered extremely reliable witnesses. After the incident, Sergeant Harrison described what he saw:
I saw the … light moving from the Northeast toward the range station. These lights did not have the characteristics of shooting stars. There was no trails and seemed to go out rather than disappear, and traveled faster than any shooting star I have ever seen.
Sergeant H. Spiewakowski further explained what he witnessed:
I … observed targets following very erratic courses, sometimes appearing to stop, then reverse course, accelerating momentarily, and then slowing down. Target sightings were all coordinated with W.A.R.T.C. and verified, using radar facilities. Another peculiarity noted was the sudden disappearance of targets of targets then suddenly reappearing 8 – 10 miles farther along the same course … The biggest problem appeared to be the large No. of targets present which made it difficult to have any definite targets singled out for checking.
Other airline pilots reported seeing several 'lights' in the sky. Many people in Washington reported seeing lights too. The Pentagon intelligence officers flatly stated that the objects were nothing more than a weather phenomena, while the sightings continued throughout the month of July…
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Carol McGiffin shed a few tears on Friday's Loose Women after watching a clip of Fay Ripley's Cold Feet character being diagnosed with cancer.
The 58-year-old panelist, who beat breast cancer after being diagnosed in 2014 and has undergone a double mastectomy, was seen being comforted by fellow presenter Nadia Sawlha and as the actress walked out into the studio.
As Fay sat down next to Carol, she said: 'I hadn't seen that yet and I know exactly how it feels.
In December, Cold Feet spoilers revealed that Fay's character Jenny would be told by a doctor that she has breast cancer.
As a result, the new has a ripple effect throughout the group as they all take into account what this might mean to them, and how they can be there for their friend.
'The hardest thing for me was, I just didn't want to let you down,' Fay said to Carol.


All our courses offer the very best in adventure experiences – from thrilling activity sessions to discovering new places on a cultural excursion. Perhaps you'd like to explore Paris or discover the Ardèche by canoe? Maybe you're looking for a ski trip? Whatever your requirement, we'll help make it a memorable experience.
Time away with PGL means you get the very best in support. Our experienced teams look after you and your group throughout your stay, and we do all the hard work, so you can enjoy spending quality time with your group. Our courses come with everything included as standard, from the food, accommodation and activities to the instruction and equipment.
Enjoy a packed itinerary of thrilling adventure activities on land and on water with your brigades or cadets It's a weekend that's sure to delight and inspire everyone.
We'll design an inspiring mix of excursions for you and your group to enjoy. Your Tour Leader will help ensure you have nothing to worry about during your stay.
Discover one of the most beautiful regions of France from the river as you cruise along in an open canoe – a truly awe-inspiring experience they'll never forget.
Sailing on the sea off the beautiful Mediterranean coast – a stunning setting to enjoy a packed programme of watersports in France.
It's the best of both the Ardèche and the Med in one action-packed trip! This is a popular choice for many brigades and cadet groups wanting to travel slightly further afield.


text:
Q: Django's development server on Ubuntu not accessible via browser, only via -curl I am trying to set up a Django website on an Ubuntu server hosted on DigitalOcean.
After following the step-by-step DigitalOcean tutorial here: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-django-with-postgres-nginx-and-gunicorn-on-ubuntu-16-04
I remain stuck as I cannot seem to access Django's development server launched on 0.0.0:8000 with the browser of my local machine. However, I do have a response using -curl from the server's bash terminal. So it seems it can only be accessed from the server itself. Django does not return any error while launching the development server. It lists successful connections (code 200) every time I access it via -curl, but does not show anything when I try to access it via my external browser, as if it is actually not being acecssed.
What I did:

*

*followed this tutorial step-by-step until the launch of Django's development server,

*disabled Ubuntu's firewall and no DO firewall is used

*added '*' in ALLOWED_HOSTS in settings.py

Any ideas? Thank you very much!


Power Loss Protection (PLP) is a mechanism to ensure that the data is not lost while the SSD is writing data when a sudden power failure occurs. PLP requires technical support from the controller firmware and adds capacitors on the PCBA to provide backup power to completely write the last data from the DRAM or storage cache into the NAND flash when a sudden power loss occurs.
Due to the time it takes to write the long program for NAND, sometimes when data are written into NAND, data are lost due to a sudden power loss. Most controllers offer a power protection solution to ensure that the memory device can still operate after the power is suddenly turned off.
The SSD includes controller, DRAM, and NAND Flash. This power loss protection function requires firmware support from the controller. When the controller detects that the power supply has dropped to a certain level, the controller immediately informs the host to stop sending data. Then the data in the DRAM should be written into NAND as soon as possible. Since the power supply is lost, the DRAM will not work. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the backup power provided by the additional tantalum capacitors on the PCBA to have extra time to ensure that the data are completely written to the NAND flash.
Currently, it is necessary to ensure that all data are safely written to NAND memory in some embedded or industrial applications. Therefore, SSD memory devices with power loss protection are recommended for important military systems, medical and industrial applications.
The power loss protection design on UDinfo's SSD products provide about 45ms to ensure that the data in the DRAM is fully protected.


The Bull and the Bear have long been abstract symbols for trends on Wall Street.
But it seems they're not so abstract after all.
The bull as a symbol of raging power, the bear as a symbol of depression (think 'bear with a sore head').
John Coates had been a Wall Street trader for ten years before he studied neuroscience.
He was fascinated by the almost bi-polar behaviour amongst stock-market traders.
In a boom, they were euphoric and manic, buying and selling millions of dollars.
In a crash, they were so depressed they were barely able to pick up the phone.
He was fascinated the way massive highs in the market seemed to alternate irrationally with dramatic lows.
The key word here being "irrational".
What worried the most powerful financial brain on the planet was that these swings were beyond anyone's understanding or control.
This fascinated John Coates throughout his studies.
What he found was surprising.
We think we're governed by our brains, but our brains are governed by chemicals.
The two main chemicals being testosterone and cortisol.
Both of which exaggerate behaviour, irrationally.
Put simply, testosterone makes the strong stronger, and cortisol makes the weak weaker.
Testosterone is produced in large amounts amongst traders when the market is rising and profits are being made: a bull market.
Testosterone increases our desire for risk taking, for dominance and success.
So traders become exuberant, high on risk.
Cortisol is the opposite, it is about risk avoidance, survival.
Cortisol gives a feeling of inaction, paralysis, which makes a crash worse: a bear market.
Which leads to an interesting point.
Women produce around 10% of the amount of testosterone that men do.
So they are only one tenth as prone to mood swings, during trading, as men are.
Which is why Coates' figures show, over the long term, women perform better than men.
They have smaller booms, but smaller and fewer losses, they have less up-and-downs.
If that's true, what could it mean for us?
Well it might be useful in considering how we balance the staff in our agency.
Who is it best to hire for management, new-business, finance, planning, media, production, traffic, creative?
Depending on the client, the brand, the product, the audience, the media, the budget.
Of course, we don't want to just hire one kind of person, that would be rigid and inflexible.
Like a football team, we don't want all of one sort of player.
We need to be flexible enough for different solutions in different situations.
We need to put a squad together, not just a team.
But it's as well to know who might perform better, where, and when, and why.
Isn't that what any good coach, or manager, or CEO, or ECD would want to know?