text:
Veidistafur sign silver ring
Size 6 US/CA 6 1/4 US/CA 6 1/2 US/CA 6 3/4 US/CA 7 US/CA 7 1/4 US/CA 7 1/2 US/CA 7 3/4 US/CA 8 US/CA 8 1/4 US/CA 8 1/2 US/CA 8 3/4 US/CA 9 US/CA 9 1/4 US/CA 9 1/2 US/CA 9 3/4 US/CA 10 US/CA 10 1/4 US/CA 10 1/2 US/CA 10 3/4 US/CA 11 US/CA 11 1/4 US/CA 11 1/2 US/CA 11 3/4 US/CA 12 US/CA 12 1/4 US/CA 12 1/2 US/CA 12 3/4 US/CA 13 US/CA 13 1/4 US/CA 13 1/2 US/CA 13 3/4 US/CA 14 US/CA
6 US/CA - $85.50 USD 6 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 6 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 6 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 7 US/CA - $85.50 USD 7 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 7 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 7 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 8 US/CA - $85.50 USD 8 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 8 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 8 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 9 US/CA - $85.50 USD 9 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 9 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 9 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 10 US/CA - $85.50 USD 10 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 10 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 10 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 11 US/CA - $85.50 USD 11 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 11 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 11 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 12 US/CA - $85.50 USD 12 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 12 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 12 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 13 US/CA - $85.50 USD 13 1/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 13 1/2 US/CA - $85.50 USD 13 3/4 US/CA - $85.50 USD 14 US/CA - $85.50 USD
Veidistafur sign ring from silver
Veidistafur is a Icelandic stave - the magic sign from Huld Manuscript. The Veidistafur symbol brings good luck on fishing. The ring is solid and made by metal casting from Silver 925. If you like Norse Pagan aesthetics and fishing you`ll like this mens signet ring.
Description of Veidistafur sign silver ring:
The ring is made for order.


text:
Hobart Hurricanes to win at
A golden opportunity for Brisbane Heat to climb up the ranks while disrupting the balance for the Hurricanes. The Hurricanes are looking to make their way to the top four, however, a loss here would make place for the Strikers. Only time will tell the result of this exciting match-up as we head to today's big bash match prediction.
Match Date and Time: 20th January 2023, 2:30 PM IST
Venue: Woolloongabba, Brisbane
Tournament: Big Bash League 2022/23
Today's BBL Match Prediction – Hobart Hurricanes to win at 1.70
Brisbane Heat vs Hobart Hurricanes – Big Bash League match prediction
After a poor run this entire season, Brisbane Heat had the last laugh at the MCG in their last encounter. Winning the toss and choosing the bowl first turned out to be a fruitful decision for the Heat. Michael Neser's magnificent 4/25 overshadowed Nick Larkin's 36-ball 58 as the Stars managed to set a decent target of 160. Despite a below-par target, the Stars put up quite a show with the ball. Liam Hatcher was among the wickets, yet again, with figures of 2/29. Nonetheless, Matt Renshaw played a staggering knock of 90* off just 56 balls to get his side over the line. The match went down to the wire as Heat won off the last ball by 3 wickets.
As for the Hurricanes, they faced yet another defeat in what was a must-win fixture against the defending champions. Opting to bat didn't quite work in the favor of the Hurricanes. Lance Morris & Andrew Tye picked up two wickets each as the Hurricanes were restricted to a mere 146/9. Tom Andrews top-scored in this batting fallout, scoring 27 off 21 balls. In reply, Aaron Hardie's 62-ball 90* sealed the deal for the Scorchers with 15 balls to spare. Riley Meredith was the pick of the bowlers with his 2/35. However, he couldn't avoid his team from a disappointing loss.
Despite this mishap, Hobart Hurricanes have the edge going into this encounter. Overall, the Hurricanes have won 12 matches while Brisbane Heat have just 8 wins under their name. This will serve as a great chance for the visitors to make it two-in-two, after winning their previous meeting by 8 wickets. In this big-bash league match prediction, we predict Hobart Hurricanes to emerge victorious. With that being said, with this exhilarating match-up on the way, we suggest our viewers have some fun. We recommend three-way, over and under, match winners, and in-game betting. Alongside the most competitive odds, they provide you with exceptional returns on investment. Although, keeping a track of team performance will be vital before you place your bet. Remember, always do your research.
Courtesy @TheWestAustralian
Brisbane Heat – BBL match prediction
Not to forget that Brisbane Heat has had some newly introduced firepower to their line-up. Skipper Usman Khawaja and Marnus Labuschagne will have all eyes on them as they take the field. However, it has been Matt Renshaw who gets the ball rolling. His match-winning knock has got his tally to 182 runs in 7 games. Meanwhile, bowlers Michael Neser & James Bazley look in fine form. In 10 games, the former has 15 wickets while the latter has picked up 10 wickets in 7 games. They are a well-balanced squad but will need to work as a team to bag this win.
Squad: Josh Brown, Usman Khawaja(c), Marnus Labuschagne, Matt Renshaw, Sam Hain, Jimmy Peirson, James Bazley, Michael Neser, Matthew Kuhnemann, Spencer Johnson, Mitchell Swepson
Hobart Hurricanes – BBL match prediction
As for the Hurricanes, they are in good hands of skipper Matthew Wade. The team has an exceptional batting line-up with Caleb Jewell and Tim David being key contributors. In 8 games, the former has scored 247 runs while the latter has amassed 258 runs in 10 games. They will be accompanied by the likes of D'Arcy Short and Ben McDermott which will be a huge positive. Meanwhile, the bowling unit needs to really contain the run flow. Apart from that, the duo of Patrick Dooley and Riley Meredith has been sublime. They have both picked up 15 wickets each with the former doing it in just 8 matches. They are the better squad on paper and have been in fine form to back that.
Squad: Caleb Jewell, Ben McDermott, Matthew Wade(c)(w), Zak Crawley, Tim David, D'Arcy Short, Faheem Ashraf, Tom Andrews, Nathan Ellis, Patrick Dooley, Riley Meredith
With a 70% chance of precipitation, it is likely that the gameplay is bound to be disrupted. The temperatures will be steady at around 24 degrees while Humidity will be high at around 70%. On the other hand, the wicket is world-renowned for being one of the bounciest tracks. It is a flat wicket with plenty of help for batters. The average first innings score is 163.
Courtesy of the bounce, there is a good amount of help for pacers in the initial stages. The toss will play a crucial role as batting first will be the preferred choice of the evening.
Brisbane Heat vs Hobart Hurricanes – Betting Tips
Toss Prediction Hobart Hurricanes to win 1.90 Bet on Parimatch
Top Batsman-Brisbane Heat Usman Khawaja 3.00 Try Dafabet today
Match Winner Hobart Hurricanes 1.74 Check Odds on Crickex

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
National Education Policy
Beyond public spectacle: India's new education policy must encompass long-term perspective
The new education policy framework has to be a document which guides the nation to turn India into a knowledgeable and learning society
ETGovernment
July 30, 2019, 13:37 IST
By Prof. M Aslam
The last National Policy on Education was framed in 1986 and modified through Programme of Action (POA) in 1992. Since then many significant changes have taken place in the society in general and education sector, in particular, necessitating to frame a New Education Policy to address this new shift. Accordingly, the Government of India initiated a series of consultations to elicit public opinion on the subject including taking inputs from citizens online.
Subsequently, the government constituted a drafting committee on December 28, 2015, under the Chairmanship of Late TSR Subramanian to help in framing the National Education Policy – 2016. The Committee submitted its report in May same year. Based on this report a document titled, "Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy (NEP) 2016" was placed in the public domain to solicit public opinion.
Draft National Education Policy 2016
It evoked a lot of response from several NGOs, civil society forums and institutions. They organised discussion sessions and consultations to deliberate and disseminate their concerns relating to the NEP 2016. Some of them formulated their recommendations and submitted to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD).
Some of the key issues raised and discussed included the possibility of linking salary with research; integration vs assimilation; prescribing modalities based on authentic data; the need for innovative funding mechanism; need to address unprecedented developments in the information and communication technologies (ICT) and need for a strategy for application of mid-course corrections.
Dr K. Kasturirangan Committee
After receiving all the recommendations and suggestions, the MHRD on June 24, 2017, constituted a committee under the chairmanship of Dr K. Kasturirangan for drafting the National Education Policy. The Committee submitted its report in December 2018. It has now been put in the public domain to solicit public opinion, comments and suggestions.
Some important Concerns
The document in its physical form looks like a comprehensive one but the question remains: "Does it provide us with a comprehensive framework to guide the educational destiny of the country towards the 21st century?
"Education," as Nelson Mandela said, "is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." At times I feel whether those entrusted with the preparation of such an important policy document was able to do any extensive work and research to understand what actually educational policy framework means and how it has been framed in the countries which are presently considered as providing best educational systems such as Austria, New Zealand, Finland and Singapore, among others.
Cristian Aedo and others in a World Bank blog considers Finland: A miracle of education and states that "the Finnish education policy values more quality and less control and competition. Schools, teachers and local authorities are trusted and there is a political consensus about the commonly agreed goals of education." Do we trust school teachers and have we got political consensus? Even the preamble to our draft policy talks of "The Journey of the Committee" rather than the essence of the policy.
The preparation of Education Policy document is a serious exercise which should provide us with an overall framework that governs the operation of the education system in a country. It should clearly define the purpose of education, objective, methods to be used to attain given the objective and instruments to measure quality, success and failure of it.
The purpose of education cannot be constant. It has to be dynamic with the evolving human society. The primitive purpose of education was to provide the progeny with life-skills for survival. With the rise of science, the purpose of education evolved even to the study of nature, its components and its surroundings. As sciences led to technology, the purpose of education shifted once again— it was to impart skills and know-how about the application of sciences for socio-economic purposes.
We now witness that the purpose of education has further diversified significantly involving sustained economic growth, the better quality of life, uplifting the needy, push for socio-economic equity, extensive reach, exploration in diverse realms and global mutual understandings. One cannot deny that the purpose of education is fundamental for policy perspective, therefore, it needs to be clearly defined in the NEP framework.
Lack of local involvement
Looking at the global scenario, I expected that the committee constituted will precede by seeking formal inputs from all the states and Union Territories, rather than relying on those selected people of the committee. In the United States, in the formulation of the education policy, the federal government is advancing its role by building on state and local education policies. For instance, Tamil Nadu in formulating their state education policy made their education system in such a way that they can easily respond to the emerging demands of the new century. Were such documents taken into consideration? Why states can't be actively involved during the formation of national policy, when it is the state governments which will ultimately implement it.
Generally, by tradition, the quality of education has not been in question. With the changing times, the proliferation of and the competition among higher education institutions and the advent of open distance modalities raises the issue in the quality of educational enterprises. All these along with efficient and transparent accreditation mechanism should form an important component of the NEP framework.
Capacity Building of Teachers
A teacher plays an important role in enhancing the quality of education. The teacher training, therefore, assumes great significance for any policy framework for education. The current teacher education and training facilities are grossly inadequate and training programmes are inappropriate in terms of equipping the teachers with competencies required to cope up with the new profile and the roles expected from the teachers and to enable them to carry out their duties in diverse social, economic, cultural and technological environments.
Any national education policy has to have a part of its blueprint or a clear strategy for institutionalizing capacity the building of the teachers, to be achieved in a time-bound manner. Apart from addressing the problem of improving the quality of teaching, the policy document should also provide scope for inviting outstanding NRI teachers to join the system rather than promoting the import of foreign faculty.
ICT is pushing us into the information era and shaping us as a knowledge society. We must perceive and understand the full implications of this latest innovative force manifested through ICT applications and the related motivational thrust (exemplified by OER), both of which are unfolding and driving ahead inexorably, ICT needs to be harnessed to match the expanding demand for education, to develop new socially relevant and multidisciplinary content.
We can also explore experimenting with what Malaysia is doing "Blending the Traditional and the Modern Educational Technologies", rather than running blindly after new technologies. I came across an Editorial by Shobita Dhar in speaking Tree of TOI, it reads, "Kids grow up looking at screens, can't read emotions". I think it says it all the NEP document needs to provide us with a framework for judicious use of ICT.
Setting unrealistic targets
The policies are evolving and should not be subjected to unrealistic targets – such as, "curriculum and pedagogy must be transformed by 2022 to minimise rote learning and instead encourage holistic development."
NEP must provide a clear framework for the management and governance of educational institutions. For example, the relation between a university and the government should be as pre-adjudicated. Universities are established under charters, according to bills passed by the parliament or state legislatures, which invariably define and outline the nature of the relationship between the government and the institution to be established. These documents provide a reasonably well-defined framework, within which universities are expected to function independently. They should be allowed to do so within the overall
National Educational framework, without any ad hoc impositions from the government. This expounds the ideal relationship between the government and universities.
Open and Distance Learning
Having spent decades in imparting education through distance mode, I was shocked to see how ODL was ignored both in the document as well as in the constitution of the NEP committee. It has the greatest potential to democratize education in general and higher education in particular in the country. I hope it will receive due attention in the final document.
The NEP framework has to be a document which guides the nation to turn India into a knowledgeable and learning society. These policies are not frequently framed; therefore there is a need to have a long-term perspective. I feel that it is incumbent on all the institutions to join hands together to ensure that all-pervasive document in the shape of NEP 2019 is in place.
The author is the former vice-chancellor of IGNOU. Views are personal.
Dr K Kasturirangan
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Our environment is full of potentially hazardous toxins and chemicals. From the air we breathe…to the surfaces we touch…to the food we consume…we are constantly bombarded with potentially poisonous surrounding. It is alarming that the industry designed to create and sell products to kill germs…can actually end up harming you and your family. If you had the choice, would you choose to clean with products that are sustainable and eco-friendly…or chemicals that will kill harmful germs but lead to secondary issues? Here are some helpful ways to be buyer beware about the "cleaning" products that you bring into your home, vehicle, and office.
If you walked through the super market with your eyes closed, would you be able to identify the aisle that contains the laundry detergent, cleaners, and air fresheners? If your nose works, then the answer should be yes. That is because MOST of these products contain FRAGRANCE. And that fragrance can cause headaches, sinus problems, and worse. Sure, they may do a good job of making your clothes smell "Spring Clean", or you may mop your way to a house that smells like a pine forest…but why?
Did you know that by law, companies do not have to disclose that scents are in their products? This mean that you won't find the harmful chemical "phthalates" on a label. Instead, you will want to look for "fragrance". If a label includes "fragrance" in the ingredient list, then there is a good chance that phthalates are present in the product.
Avoid these endocrine disrupting chemicals by choosing products labeled as fragrance free or all-natural. Essential oils are a great way to add a safe and therapeutic scent to your cleaning routine. Another idea is to place plants, natural air purifiers, throughout your home or office.
Have you ever had the misfortune of encountering a truly disgusting toilet? Nasty, right? Well, wait until you hear about the horrors that are lurking inside the products that are meant to clean that nasty toilet! Toilet bowls, by nature, are gross…and they NEED to be cleaned regularly. However, at what cost?
Most people will agree that it is not worth the risk to expose themselves, their children, or their pets to such harmful chemicals. Have you ever heard of a toddler playing in the toilet? Well, it happens! Has your dog ever chewed something he wasn't supposed to? That happens also! To avoid potentially fatal accidents…and lung & skin irritation…avoid such products in your home.
Baking Soda, and a few drops of essential oil can make a great abrasive all-natural cleaner. If you are looking for a spray to clean toilet surfaces, then consider MonoFoil•D. It is a antimicrobial and hypoallergenic cleaner that creates a germ barrier….keeping germs and odor at bay longer!
Ah…the ever popular spray cleaner. They come in all shapes and sizes, with a host of uses. Some are disinfectants, others are degreasers, a few "clean" the air, and some clean your oven. No matter what the purpose of your typical spray on cleaning product, there is a good chance that they are laced with quaternary ammonium compounds or ethanolamine. These chemical ingredients are classified as asthmagens by the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinic.
Most of these cleaners are marketed as having the power to make your life easier and healthier. However, the chemicals contained within these products can trigger asthma attacks, and cause serious lung irritation. If you want to avoid using these products, consider an all-natural DIY approach, using a vinegar based cleaner. If DIY isn't your thing, there is another great option. As mentioned above, MonoFoil•D is a sustainable spray cleaner that deodorizes and kills germs….while being 100% kid and pet friendly! No harmful fumes or toxic residue, and it's EPA approved!
Now that you have learned a little bit of truth behind the billion-dollar cleaning product industry, you can make some informed decisions about what types of products will be used in your home or office. What changes are you going to implement in order to create a safer environment for you and your family?
help us spread the word for safety!


text:
import os
import sys
import glob
import binascii
import time
import random
import base64
import hashlib
import threading
import subprocess

current_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
python_path = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(current_path, os.pardir, os.pardir, 'python27', '1.0'))
root_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(current_path, os.pardir, os.pardir))
data_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root_path, os.pardir, os.pardir, 'data', "gae_proxy"))
if not os.path.isdir(data_path):
    data_path = current_path

if __name__ == "__main__":
    noarch_lib = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(python_path, 'lib', 'noarch'))
    sys.path.append(noarch_lib)

    if sys.platform == "win32":
        win32_lib = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(python_path, 'lib', 'win32'))
        sys.path.append(win32_lib)
    elif sys.platform == "linux" or sys.platform == "linux2":
        linux_lib = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(python_path, 'lib', 'linux'))
        sys.path.append(linux_lib)
    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
        darwin_lib = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(python_path, 'lib', 'darwin'))
        sys.path.append(darwin_lib)

from xlog import getLogger
xlog = getLogger("gae_proxy")

import OpenSSL

import ssl, datetime
from pyasn1.type import univ, constraint, char, namedtype, tag
from pyasn1.codec.der.decoder import decode
from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error

from config import config

def get_cmd_out(cmd):
    proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    out = proc.stdout
    lines = out.readlines()
    return lines

class _GeneralName(univ.Choice):
    # We are only interested in dNSNames. We use a default handler to ignore
    # other types.
    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
        namedtype.NamedType('dNSName', char.IA5String().subtype(
                implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)
            )
        ),
    )

class _GeneralNames(univ.SequenceOf):
    componentType = _GeneralName()
    sizeSpec = univ.SequenceOf.sizeSpec + constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(1, 1024)

class SSLCert:
    def __init__(self, cert):
        """
            Returns a (common name, [subject alternative names]) tuple.
        """
        self.x509 = cert

    @classmethod
    def from_pem(klass, txt):
        x509 = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, txt)
        return klass(x509)

    @classmethod
    def from_der(klass, der):
        pem = ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(der)
        return klass.from_pem(pem)

    def to_pem(self):
        return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.x509)

    def digest(self, name):
        return self.x509.digest(name)

    @property
    def issuer(self):
        return self.x509.get_issuer().get_components()

    @property
    def notbefore(self):
        t = self.x509.get_notBefore()
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(t, "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ")

    @property
    def notafter(self):
        t = self.x509.get_notAfter()
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(t, "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ")

    @property
    def has_expired(self):
        return self.x509.has_expired()

    @property
    def subject(self):
        return self.x509.get_subject().get_components()

    @property
    def serial(self):
        return self.x509.get_serial_number()

    @property
    def keyinfo(self):
        pk = self.x509.get_pubkey()
        types = {
            OpenSSL.crypto.TYPE_RSA: "RSA",
            OpenSSL.crypto.TYPE_DSA: "DSA",
        }
        return (
            types.get(pk.type(), "UNKNOWN"),
            pk.bits()
        )

    @property
    def cn(self):
        c = None
        for i in self.subject:
            if i[0] == "CN":
                c = i[1]
        return c

    @property
    def altnames(self):
        altnames = []
        for i in range(self.x509.get_extension_count()):
            ext = self.x509.get_extension(i)
            if ext.get_short_name() == "subjectAltName":
                try:
                    dec = decode(ext.get_data(), asn1Spec=_GeneralNames())
                except PyAsn1Error:
                    continue
                for i in dec[0]:
                    altnames.append(i[0].asOctets())
        return altnames

class CertUtil(object):
    """CertUtil module, based on mitmproxy"""

    ca_vendor = 'GoAgent' #TODO: here should be XX-Net
    ca_keyfile = os.path.join(data_path, 'CA.crt')
    ca_thumbprint = ''
    ca_certdir = os.path.join(data_path, 'certs')
    ca_digest = 'sha256'
    ca_lock = threading.Lock()
    ca_validity_years = 10
    ca_validity = 24 * 60 * 60 * 365 * ca_validity_years

    @staticmethod
    def create_ca():
        key = OpenSSL.crypto.PKey()
        key.generate_key(OpenSSL.crypto.TYPE_RSA, 2048)
        req = OpenSSL.crypto.X509Req()
        subj = req.get_subject()
        subj.countryName = 'CN'
        subj.stateOrProvinceName = 'Internet'
        subj.localityName = 'Cernet'
        subj.organizationName = CertUtil.ca_vendor
        subj.organizationalUnitName = '%s Root' % CertUtil.ca_vendor
        subj.commonName = '%s XX-Net' % CertUtil.ca_vendor #TODO: here should be GoAgent
        req.set_pubkey(key)
        req.sign(key, CertUtil.ca_digest)
        ca = OpenSSL.crypto.X509()
        ca.set_version(2)
        ca.set_serial_number(0)
        ca.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
        ca.gmtime_adj_notAfter(CertUtil.ca_validity)
        ca.set_issuer(req.get_subject())
        ca.set_subject(req.get_subject())
        ca.set_pubkey(req.get_pubkey())
        ca.add_extensions([
            OpenSSL.crypto.X509Extension(
                'basicConstraints', False, 'CA:TRUE', subject=ca, issuer=ca)
            ])
        ca.sign(key, CertUtil.ca_digest)
        #xlog.debug("CA key:%s", key)
        xlog.info("create CA")
        return key, ca

    @staticmethod
    def generate_ca_file():
        xlog.info("generate CA file:%s", CertUtil.ca_keyfile)
        key, ca = CertUtil.create_ca()
        with open(CertUtil.ca_keyfile, 'wb') as fp:
            fp.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, ca))
            fp.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, key))

    @staticmethod
    def get_cert_serial_number(commonname):
        assert CertUtil.ca_thumbprint
        saltname = '%s|%s' % (CertUtil.ca_thumbprint, commonname)
        return int(hashlib.md5(saltname.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest(), 16)

    @staticmethod
    def _get_cert(commonname, sans=()):
        with open(CertUtil.ca_keyfile, 'rb') as fp:
            content = fp.read()
            key = OpenSSL.crypto.load_privatekey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, content)
            ca = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, content)

        pkey = OpenSSL.crypto.PKey()
        pkey.generate_key(OpenSSL.crypto.TYPE_RSA, 2048)

        req = OpenSSL.crypto.X509Req()
        subj = req.get_subject()
        subj.countryName = 'CN'
        subj.stateOrProvinceName = 'Internet'
        subj.localityName = 'Cernet'
        subj.organizationalUnitName = '%s Branch' % CertUtil.ca_vendor
        if commonname[0] == '.':
            subj.commonName = '*' + commonname
            subj.organizationName = '*' + commonname
            sans = ['*'+commonname] + [x for x in sans if x != '*'+commonname]
        else:
            subj.commonName = commonname
            subj.organizationName = commonname
            sans = [commonname] + [x for x in sans if x != commonname]
        #req.add_extensions([OpenSSL.crypto.X509Extension(b'subjectAltName', True, ', '.join('DNS: %s' % x for x in sans)).encode()])
        req.set_pubkey(pkey)
        req.sign(pkey, CertUtil.ca_digest)

        cert = OpenSSL.crypto.X509()
        cert.set_version(2)
        try:
            cert.set_serial_number(CertUtil.get_cert_serial_number(commonname))
        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error:
            cert.set_serial_number(int(time.time()*1000))
        cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(-600) #avoid crt time error warning
        cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(CertUtil.ca_validity)
        cert.set_issuer(ca.get_subject())
        cert.set_subject(req.get_subject())
        cert.set_pubkey(req.get_pubkey())
        if commonname[0] == '.':
            sans = ['*'+commonname] + [s for s in sans if s != '*'+commonname]
        else:
            sans = [commonname] + [s for s in sans if s != commonname]
        #cert.add_extensions([OpenSSL.crypto.X509Extension(b'subjectAltName', True, ', '.join('DNS: %s' % x for x in sans))])
        cert.sign(key, CertUtil.ca_digest)

        certfile = os.path.join(CertUtil.ca_certdir, commonname + '.crt')
        with open(certfile, 'wb') as fp:
            fp.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert))
            fp.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pkey))
        return certfile

    @staticmethod
    def get_cert(commonname, sans=(), full_name=False):
        certfile = os.path.join(CertUtil.ca_certdir, commonname + '.crt')
        if os.path.exists(certfile):
            return certfile

        # some site need full name cert
        # like https://about.twitter.com in Google Chrome
        if commonname.count('.') >= 2 and [len(x) for x in reversed(commonname.split('.'))] > [2, 4] and not full_name:
            commonname = '.'+commonname.partition('.')[-1]
        certfile = os.path.join(CertUtil.ca_certdir, commonname + '.crt')
        if os.path.exists(certfile):
            return certfile
        elif OpenSSL is None:
            return CertUtil.ca_keyfile
        else:
            with CertUtil.ca_lock:
                if os.path.exists(certfile):
                    return certfile
                return CertUtil._get_cert(commonname, sans)

    @staticmethod
    def win32_notify( msg="msg", title="Title"):
        import ctypes
        res = ctypes.windll.user32.MessageBoxW(None, msg, title, 1)
        # Yes:1 No:2
        return res

    @staticmethod
    def import_windows_ca(common_name, certfile):
        import ctypes
        with open(certfile, 'rb') as fp:
            certdata = fp.read()
            if certdata.startswith(b'-----'):
                begin = b'-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----'
                end = b'-----END CERTIFICATE-----'
                certdata = base64.b64decode(b''.join(certdata[certdata.find(begin)+len(begin):certdata.find(end)].strip().splitlines()))
            crypt32 = ctypes.WinDLL(b'crypt32.dll'.decode())
            store_handle = crypt32.CertOpenStore(10, 0, 0, 0x4000 | 0x20000, b'ROOT'.decode())
            if not store_handle:
                return False
            CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR = 0x00080007
            CERT_FIND_HASH = 0x10000
            X509_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00000001
            class CRYPT_HASH_BLOB(ctypes.Structure):
                _fields_ = [('cbData', ctypes.c_ulong), ('pbData', ctypes.c_char_p)]
            assert CertUtil.ca_thumbprint
            crypt_hash = CRYPT_HASH_BLOB(20, binascii.a2b_hex(CertUtil.ca_thumbprint.replace(':', '')))
            crypt_handle = crypt32.CertFindCertificateInStore(store_handle, X509_ASN_ENCODING, 0, CERT_FIND_HASH, ctypes.byref(crypt_hash), None)
            if crypt_handle:
                crypt32.CertFreeCertificateContext(crypt_handle)
                return True

            ret = crypt32.CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(store_handle, 0x1, certdata, len(certdata), 4, None)
            crypt32.CertCloseStore(store_handle, 0)
            del crypt32

            if not ret and __name__ != "__main__":
                #res = CertUtil.win32_notify(msg=u'Import GoAgent Ca?', title=u'Authority need')
                #if res == 2:
                #    return -1

                import win32elevate
                try:
                    win32elevate.elevateAdminRun(os.path.abspath(__file__))
                except Exception as e:
                    xlog.warning('CertUtil.import_windows_ca failed: %r', e)
                return True
            else:
                CertUtil.win32_notify(msg=u'已经导入GoAgent证书,请重启浏览器.', title=u'Restart browser need.')

            return True if ret else False

    @staticmethod
    def remove_windows_ca(name):
        import ctypes
        import ctypes.wintypes
        class CERT_CONTEXT(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = [
                ('dwCertEncodingType', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
                ('pbCertEncoded', ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.BYTE)),
                ('cbCertEncoded', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
                ('pCertInfo', ctypes.c_void_p),
                ('hCertStore', ctypes.c_void_p),]
        try:
            crypt32 = ctypes.WinDLL(b'crypt32.dll'.decode())
            store_handle = crypt32.CertOpenStore(10, 0, 0, 0x4000 | 0x20000, b'ROOT'.decode())
            pCertCtx = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store_handle, None)
            while pCertCtx:
                certCtx = CERT_CONTEXT.from_address(pCertCtx)
                certdata = ctypes.string_at(certCtx.pbCertEncoded, certCtx.cbCertEncoded)
                cert =  OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, certdata)
                if hasattr(cert, 'get_subject'):
                    cert = cert.get_subject()
                cert_name = next((v for k, v in cert.get_components() if k == 'CN'), '')
                if cert_name and name == cert_name:
                    crypt32.CertDeleteCertificateFromStore(crypt32.CertDuplicateCertificateContext(pCertCtx))
                pCertCtx = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store_handle, pCertCtx)
        except Exception as e:
            xlog.warning('CertUtil.remove_windows_ca failed: %r', e)

    @staticmethod
    def get_linux_firefox_path():
        home_path = os.path.expanduser("~")
        firefox_path = os.path.join(home_path, ".mozilla/firefox")
        if not os.path.isdir(firefox_path):
            return

        for filename in os.listdir(firefox_path):
            if filename.endswith(".default") and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(firefox_path, filename)):
                config_path = os.path.join(firefox_path, filename)
                return config_path

    @staticmethod
    def import_linux_firefox_ca(common_name, ca_file):
        firefox_config_path = CertUtil.get_linux_firefox_path()
        if not firefox_config_path:
            return False

        if not any(os.path.isfile('%s/certutil' % x) for x in os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep)):
            xlog.warning('please install *libnss3-tools* package to import GoAgent root ca')
            return False

        cmd_line = 'certutil -L -d %s |grep "GoAgent" &&certutil -d %s -D -n "%s" ' % (firefox_config_path, firefox_config_path, common_name)
        os.system(cmd_line) # remove old cert first

        cmd_line = 'certutil -d %s -A -t "C,," -n "%s" -i "%s"' % (firefox_config_path, common_name, ca_file)
        os.system(cmd_line) # install new cert
        return True

    @staticmethod
    def import_debian_ca(common_name, ca_file):

        def get_debian_ca_sha1(nss_path):
            commonname = "GoAgent XX-Net - GoAgent" #TODO: here should be GoAgent - XX-Net

            cmd = ['certutil', '-L','-d', 'sql:%s' % nss_path, '-n', commonname]
            lines = get_cmd_out(cmd)

            get_sha1_title = False
            sha1 = ""
            for line in lines:
                if line.endswith("Fingerprint (SHA1):\n"):
                    get_sha1_title = True
                    continue
                if get_sha1_title:
                    sha1 = line
                    break

            sha1 = sha1.replace(' ', '').replace(':', '').replace('\n', '')
            if len(sha1) != 40:
                return False
            else:
                return sha1

        home_path = os.path.expanduser("~")
        nss_path = os.path.join(home_path, ".pki/nssdb")
        if not os.path.isdir(nss_path):
            return False

        if not any(os.path.isfile('%s/certutil' % x) for x in os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep)):
            xlog.warning('please install *libnss3-tools* package to import GoAgent root ca')
            return False

        sha1 = get_debian_ca_sha1(nss_path)
        ca_hash = CertUtil.ca_thumbprint.replace(':', '')
        if sha1 == ca_hash:
            xlog.info("system cert exist")
            return

        # shell command to list all cert
        # certutil -L -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb

        # remove old cert first
        cmd_line = 'certutil -L -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb |grep "GoAgent" && certutil -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -D -n "%s" ' % ( common_name)
        os.system(cmd_line)

        # install new cert
        cmd_line = 'certutil -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -A -t "C,," -n "%s" -i "%s"' % (common_name, ca_file)
        os.system(cmd_line)
        return True

    @staticmethod
    def import_ubuntu_system_ca(common_name, certfile):
        import platform
        platform_distname = platform.dist()[0]
        if platform_distname != 'Ubuntu':
            return

        pemfile = "/etc/ssl/certs/CA.pem"
        new_certfile = "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/CA.crt"
        if not os.path.exists(pemfile) or not CertUtil.file_is_same(certfile, new_certfile):
            if os.system('cp "%s" "%s" && update-ca-certificates' % (certfile, new_certfile)) != 0:
                xlog.warning('install root certificate failed, Please run as administrator/root/sudo')

    @staticmethod
    def file_is_same(file1, file2):
        BLOCKSIZE = 65536

        try:
            with open(file1, 'rb') as f1:
                buf1 = f1.read(BLOCKSIZE)
        except:
            return False

        try:
            with open(file2, 'rb') as f2:
                buf2 = f2.read(BLOCKSIZE)
        except:
            return False

        if buf1 != buf2:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    @staticmethod
    def import_mac_ca(common_name, certfile):
        commonname = "GoAgent XX-Net" #TODO: need check again
        ca_hash = CertUtil.ca_thumbprint.replace(':', '')

        def get_exist_ca_sha1():
            args = ['security', 'find-certificate', '-Z', '-a', '-c', commonname]
            output = subprocess.check_output(args)
            for line in output.splitlines(True):
                if len(line) == 53 and line.startswith("SHA-1 hash:"):
                    sha1_hash = line[12:52]
                    return sha1_hash

        exist_ca_sha1 = get_exist_ca_sha1()
        if exist_ca_sha1 == ca_hash:
            xlog.info("GoAgent CA exist")
            return

        import_command = 'security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain ../../../../data/gae_proxy/CA.crt'# % certfile.decode('utf-8')
        if exist_ca_sha1:
            delete_ca_command = 'security delete-certificate -Z %s' % exist_ca_sha1
            exec_command = "%s;%s" % (delete_ca_command, import_command)
        else:
            exec_command = import_command

        admin_command = """osascript -e 'do shell script "%s" with administrator privileges' """ % exec_command
        cmd = admin_command.encode('utf-8')
        xlog.info("try auto import CA command:%s", cmd)
        os.system(cmd)

    @staticmethod
    def import_ca(certfile):
        commonname = "GoAgent XX-Net - GoAgent" #TODO: here should be GoAgent - XX-Net
        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
            CertUtil.import_windows_ca(commonname, certfile)
        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
            CertUtil.import_mac_ca(commonname, certfile)
        elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
            CertUtil.import_debian_ca(commonname, certfile)
            CertUtil.import_linux_firefox_ca(commonname, certfile)
            #CertUtil.import_ubuntu_system_ca(commonname, certfile) # we don't need install CA to system root, special user is enough

    @staticmethod
    def init_ca():
        #Check Certs Dir
        if not os.path.exists(CertUtil.ca_certdir):
            os.makedirs(CertUtil.ca_certdir)

        # Confirmed GoAgent CA exist
        if not os.path.exists(CertUtil.ca_keyfile):
            xlog.info("no CA file exist")

            xlog.info("clean old site certs")
            any(os.remove(x) for x in glob.glob(CertUtil.ca_certdir+'/*.crt')+glob.glob(CertUtil.ca_certdir+'/.*.crt'))

            if os.name == 'nt':
                CertUtil.remove_windows_ca('%s CA' % CertUtil.ca_vendor)

            CertUtil.generate_ca_file()

        # Load GoAgent CA
        with open(CertUtil.ca_keyfile, 'rb') as fp:
            CertUtil.ca_thumbprint = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, fp.read()).digest('sha1')

        #Check exist site cert buffer with CA
        certfiles = glob.glob(CertUtil.ca_certdir+'/*.crt')+glob.glob(CertUtil.ca_certdir+'/.*.crt')
        if certfiles:
            filename = random.choice(certfiles)
            commonname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
            with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
                serial_number = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, fp.read()).get_serial_number()
            if serial_number != CertUtil.get_cert_serial_number(commonname):
                any(os.remove(x) for x in certfiles)

        CertUtil.import_ca(CertUtil.ca_keyfile)

        # change the status,
        # web_control /cert_import_status will return True, else return False
        # launcher will wait ready to open browser and check update
        config.cert_import_ready = True

if __name__ == '__main__':
    CertUtil.init_ca()

#TODO:
# CA commaon should be GoAgent, vander should be XX-Net
# need change and test on all support platform: Windows/Mac/Ubuntu/Debian

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A novel that is a meditation on friendship, love, obsession, power, and abuse, by turns hyperrealist and phantasmagoric, recalling the work of Sade and Bataille.
At the tail end of summer vacation, Gilles Heurtebise drifts between lazy afternoons, swimming, cruising the shores of a nearby lake, and absentmindedly hooking up with old lovers. He has yet to achieve material or romantic stability. He is forty, facing a precarious future with unformed fears and regrets. The one thing that seems solid is Grampa, the ninety-year-old patriarch of a family Gilles has befriended. Gilles grows obsessed by the old man, and a strange sexual bond grows between the two. When the police get involved, and Gilles is witness to a murder, the banality of interhuman violence is brought to a paroxysmal climax.
The winner of France's prestigious Prix Sade, Now the Night Begins is a meditation on friendship, love, power, and abuse in a world where social relations have radically disintegrated. Interwoven with swaths of Occitan, the language of troubadours and love, and by turns hyperrealist and phantasmagoric, the novel recalls Georges Bataille's dark surrealism and the unvarnished violence of Bret Easton Ellis. It proves Alain Guiraudie's status as the preeminent writer of the vulnerability underlying our contemporary malaise.


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text:
Bibliographic details for Main Page
Page name: Main Page
Author: The SpiritWiki contributors
Publisher: The SpiritWiki, .
Date of last revision: 20 December 2022 21:04 UTC
Permanent URL: https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552
Citation styles for Main Page
Main Page. (2022, December 20). The SpiritWiki, . Retrieved 01:19, February 2, 2023 from https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552.
"Main Page." The SpiritWiki, . 20 Dec 2022, 21:04 UTC. 2 Feb 2023, 01:19 <https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552>.
The SpiritWiki contributors, 'Main Page', The SpiritWiki, , 20 December 2022, 21:04 UTC, <https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552> [accessed 2 February 2023]
The SpiritWiki contributors, "Main Page," The SpiritWiki, , https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552 (accessed February 2, 2023).
The SpiritWiki contributors. Main Page [Internet]. The SpiritWiki, ; 2022 Dec 20, 21:04 UTC [cited 2023 Feb 2]. Available from: https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552.
Main Page, https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552 (last visited February 2, 2023).
author = "The SpiritWiki",
title = "Main Page --- The SpiritWiki{,} ",
url = "https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552",
url = "\url{https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=23552}",
Retrieved from 'https://spiritwiki.lightningpath.org/index.php/Special:CiteThisPage'


Guido is specialised in corporate litigation and financing, securities and leasing. He has experience in a variety of corporate law disputes. Guido has specific knowledge of the disciplinary and civil-law liability of directors, supervisory directors and accountants, and appears regularly in procedures at civil courts, Accountancy Division and the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal. Guido also regularly advises on, litigates in and publishes on matters related to leasing.
Guido represents among others financial institutions, lease companies and directors, supervisory directors, shareholders and insolvency practitioners of large enterprises. He always gets quickly to the heart of the matter and enjoys providing clients with concise and practical advice. In complex projects, Guido is always able to keep a firm grasp of the big picture, never losing sight of the key theme.
Treasurer of the Foundation for the Education of Lawyers in the District of the Central Netherlands.


text:
Ultrasound-assisted cannulation of the internal jugular vein. A prospective comparison to the external landmark-guided technique
B G Denys, B F Uretsky, P S Reddy
Circulation 1993, 87 (5): 1557-62
BACKGROUND: Central venous access is an essential part of patient management in many clinical settings and is usually achieved with a blinded, external landmark-guided technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether an ultrasound technique can improve on the traditional method.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively evaluated an ultrasound-guided method in 302 patients undergoing internal jugular venous cannulation and compared the results with 302 patients in whom an external landmark-guided technique was used. Ultrasound was used exclusively in an additional 626 patients. Cannulation of the internal jugular vein was achieved in all patients (100%) using ultrasound and in 266 patients (88.1%) using the landmark-guided technique (p < 0.001). The vein was entered on the first attempt in 78% of patients using ultrasound and in 38% using the landmark technique (p < 0.001). Average access time (skin to vein) was 9.8 seconds (2-68 seconds) by the ultrasound approach and 44.5 seconds (2-1,000 seconds) by the landmark approach (p < 0.001). Using ultrasound, puncture of the carotid artery occurred in 1.7% of patients, brachial plexus irritation in 0.4%, and hematoma in 0.2%. In the external landmark group, puncture of the carotid artery occurred in 8.3% of patients (p < 0.001), brachial plexus irritation in 1.7% (p < 0.001), and hematoma in 3.3% (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein significantly improves success rate, decreases access time, and reduces complication rate. These results suggest that this technique may be preferred in complicated cases or when access problems are anticipated.
Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the femoral vein for acute haemodialysis access. T H Kwon, Y L Kim, D K Cho Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 1997, 12 (5): 1009-12
Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein: a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients. Dimitrios Karakitsos, Nicolaos Labropoulos, Eric De Groot, Alexandros P Patrianakos, Gregorios Kouraklis, John Poularas, George Samonis, Dimosthenis A Tsoutsos, Manousos M Konstadoulakis, Andreas Karabinis Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum 2006, 10 (6): R162
Does ultrasound imaging before puncture facilitate internal jugular vein cannulation? Prospective randomized comparison with landmark-guided puncture in ventilated patients. Hideaki Hayashi, Masaru Amano Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2002, 16 (5): 572-5
Ultrasound-guided external jugular vein cannulation for central venous access by inexperienced trainees. Călin I Mitre, Adela Golea, Iurie Acalovschi, Teodora Mocan, Ana-Maria Caea, Claudia Ruţă, Mureşan Mariana European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2010, 27 (3): 300-3
Ultrasound-guided cannulation versus the landmark-guided technique for acute haemodialysis access. J Farrell, M Gellens Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 1997, 12 (6): 1234-7
Improvement of internal jugular vein cannulation using an ultrasound-guided technique. M Slama, A Novara, A Safavian, M Ossart, M Safar, J Y Fagon Intensive Care Medicine 1997, 23 (8): 916-9
Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided technique for central venous access via the internal jugular vein in 493 patients. U Mey, A Glasmacher, C Hahn, M Gorschlüter, C Ziske, M Mergelsberg, T Sauerbruch, I G H Schmidt-Wolf Supportive Care in Cancer 2003, 11 (3): 148-55
Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein in robotic cardiac surgery. Yao Wang, Gang Wang, Chang-qing Gao Chinese Medical Journal 2013, 126 (13): 2414-7
Uncomplicated central vein catheterization of high risk patients with real time ultrasound guidance. M Gallieni, M Cozzolino International Journal of Artificial Organs 1995, 18 (3): 117-21
The SMART needle. A new Doppler ultrasound-guided vascular access needle. M Vucevic, B Tehan, F Gamlin, J C Berridge, M Boylan Anaesthesia 1994, 49 (10): 889-91


text:
package com.earnstone.geo;

import java.util.HashMap;

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;

public class PlaceMap extends HashMap<Long, Place> {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1929457522350323776L;

	public PlaceMap() {

	}

	public Place add(Place place) {
		return this.put(place.getId(), place);
	}

	public void addPlaces(PlaceList places) {
		for (Place place : places) {
			add(place);
		}
	}

	public PlaceList toPlaceList() {
		return new PlaceList(this.values());
	}

	public static PlaceMap fromString(String content) {
		try {
			ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
			return mapper.readValue(content, PlaceMap.class);
		}
		catch (Exception e) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	public String toJson() {
		try {
			ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
			return mapper.writeValueAsString(this);
		}
		catch (Exception e) {
			return null;
		}
	}
}


text:
The public schools enroll 2,067,000 students: 50% White, 25% Latino, 18% African American, and 4% Asian, with 50% living in poverty, and 9% learning English. The State spends $12,443 per pupil. (Most recent NCES data)
"A fundamental goal of the People of the State is the educational development of all persons to the limits of their capacities. The State shall provide for an efficient system of high quality public educational institutions and services. Education in public schools through the secondary level shall be free. There may be such other free education as the General Assembly provides by law. The State has the primary responsibility for financing the system of public education." Ill. Const. art. 10, §1.
MAJOR CASES
In 1973, in Blase v. State, the Illinois Supreme Court held that the constitution's education provision merely expressed a goal and did not impose an obligation on the General Assembly.
In 1996, in Committee for Educational Rights v. Edgar, the State Supreme Court held that it did not have "judicially manageable standards" by which to determine whether the State was providing the education required by the Illinois Constitution.
In 1999, in Lewis E. v. Spagnolo, the same Court rejected plaintiffs' attempt to distinguish their adequacy claim cases from Edgar and characterized the current case as "once again" asking the Court to "enter the arena of Illinois public school policy."
In 2009, plaintiffs filed Chicago Urban League (CUL) v. State, alleging that the State school funding scheme has a demonstrable, disparate, and adverse impact on minority students, in violation of the Illinois Civil Rights Act. The parties are preparing for trial, and plaintiffs filed a motion for partial summary judgment, which is pending.
In 2012, the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed a lower Court dismissal of Carr v. Koch, in which taxpayers claimed the finance system violated the State constitution's equal protection clause because residents of low-property-wealth districts pay higher tax rates but have lower per-pupil spending.


conversations stimulating and enjoy exploring dreams and possibilities.
I'm a bit old fashion... I like to open doors and pull out chairs.
I'm a native Californian and was raised in Beverly Hills.
likes to play and have fun, and doesn't carry the spirit of anger.


Based on a comparison of 2 countries in 2015, Croatia ranked the highest in subsidies on other olives with LCR 34.0 mil followed by Portugal and. On the other end of the scale was Portugal with LCR 1.62 mil, Croatia with LCR 34.0 mil and with LCR mil.
Buy Subsidies on Other Olives (Local Currency) data for all countries.


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Two box roll off trailers by BENLEE are the market leaders in roll off trailers that can carry two dumpsters at once. These 2 container trailers are great for long hauls to increase productivity. Carrying two roll off boxes is a major productivity win, typically for over 100 miles. We are the leading manufacturer of roll off trailers in North America, so if you are in Texas, Houston, Dallas, or North Carolina, Georgia, or California, a BENLEE two box roll off can make a difference for your company. Call us at 734-722-8100 for a quote. Importantly while we rarely have used roll offs in stock, we do have new trailers that we can deliver today. We have a tandem axle trailer in stock for you!
Roll off Pup Trailers are for sale at BENLEE. We have a trailer for you in stock. We have pup trailers in stock for you and can ship today! The two axle "Dead" roll off Pup are on stock. We can build them in two, three, four or more axles! We also build them with a full set of hydraulics so the trailer can lift and drop a 20, 30, 40, or tall 50 yard box. You can also get a full automatic tarp system on your unit. Call Jeff for a quote at 734-722-8100, or if in the area stop by at BENLEE, 30383 Ecorse Road, Romulus, MI.
Pup trailers are a great way to double your productivity. Carry two loads at once!
Also, note you can rent a pup trailer at Premier Truck Sales and Rental in Cleveland, OH. Just call Jickie at 216-642-5000.
BENLEE roll off trailers are the best of the best, with full support for the decades that you run your unit.
We even have tarp kits and can do full installation of tarping systems. We are a Dealer, Distributor and has great inventory to support all your needs.
Roll off Trucks are used due to they are short and maneuverable. Roll off Trailers are known to be 40′, but our BENLEE Super Mini at 25′ 11″ is a great roll off truck replacement. Why spend $175,000 to $200,000 on a roll off truck when you can spend less than $43,000 on a trailer that could go behind a underutilized power unit, tractor that you might have?
The Super Mini roll off trailer is a roll off truck replacement! This trailer has all the same components as our monster, 6, 7 and 8 axle heavy haul trailers. It is strong, it is robust, it is a winner.
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The vast expanse of forest just north of the Willamette National Forest border is impressive and minimally accessible. This was the view during golden hour from the Gold Butte Fire Lookout. From this perch, my wife and I could see several of the Cascade Volcanoes. Mt Hood didn't seem all that far away.


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YRF & Dibakar Banerjee Reboot "Detective Byomkesh Bakshy"
by YRF User3 | Jul 08, 2016
The mystery unfolds in cinemas worldwide on 3rd April 2015
The co-production venture of YRF & Dibakar Banerjee Productions (DBP) announces its first directorial outing withDibakar – "DETECTIVE BYOMKESH BAKSHY"
"We are rebooting Byomkesh. Right back to his first ever case. We could have called this Byomkesh Begins. Everything else from now on will follow us!" says Dibakar, tongue in cheek. In a contemporary interpretation of war torn Calcutta during the 1940's, the film follows the first adventure of Byomkesh, fresh out of college, as he pits himself against an evil genius who is out to destroy the world. "It's his wits against the most villainous arch criminal the world has seen, in a world of murder, international political intrigue and seduction"
This is the first in a series that will feature Bengali bestseller writer Saradindu Banerjee's most famous creation and India's widest read and best known detective character for the first time in a Hindi feature.
"Sushant Singh Rajput has that dormant volcano thing about him that is just right for my Byomkesh." Says Dibakar of his leading man, "He looks so quiet, so self-absorbed and withdrawn - till you challenge him. Then he explodes and becomes the most dangerous man in the world - at least for the criminals."
The director and the lead are working hard to get the character, feel and the spectacle of the period thriller that starts shooting January 2014.
"DETECTIVE BYOMKESH BAKSHY" releases 3rd April 2015.
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DETECTIVE BYOMKESH BAKSHY - The Game!
Detective Byomkesh Bakshy - Villain Revealed!
DETECTIVE BYOMKESH BAKSHY Trailer Out Now!
Detective Byomkesh Bakshy Releasing Worldwide 3rd April 2015
Detective Byomkesh Bakshy Poster launched in Kolkata
Detective Byomkesh Bakshy in Kolkata
This news is downloaded from yashrajfilms.com at 19-July-2019 11:31 https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2016/07/08/yrf-dibakar-banerjee-reboot-detective-byomkesh-bakshy


As we get older, we will inevitably ask ourselves where we want to be years from now. Asking yourself certain questions and doing certain things now, will set you up for success later. Read on for valuable career info.


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Quality Measuring Tools and Equipment. Measuring tools are highly useful since they provide workers with the ability to correctly mark and measure with precision. However, depending on the job that needs to be performed, a standard measuring tape may not cut it.
The handy little square Gauge Swatch Measurment Ruler Tool from Katrinkles is used for measuring gauge swatches made from any type of yarn. Simply hold the tool up against your work and count how many stitches fit inside the cut out square (along the bottom for stitch gauge and up the side for row gauge).
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Because of rpc.statd not being started when NFS is enabled on devices running a firmware less than 2.00.8, file locking on NFS mounts will fail. This module starts rpc.statd.
Note: The module will not keep track of other NFS/RPC processes.
Note: Starting FW 2.00.08 the rpc.statd will be started by the system startup scripts so this module is no longer required in this case.
This module has no configurable parameters.


Philippe Coutinho scored a hattrick on Wednesday as Liverpool romped their way to a 7-0 win over Spartak Moscow in the Champions League.
Liverpool ended their UEFA Champions League Group Stage campaign on a high, with a thumping 7-0 win over Spartak Moscow. The Reds ran rampant over the Russian Premier League side at Anfield and secured top spot in Group E of the Champions League.
Fans were buoyant with his side's performance in front of goal and Philippe Coutinho was the name on every social media handle. The Brazilian was Liverpool's captain on the night and there were several tweets calling for the move to be made permanent.
What a way to top the group! 7-0. What a great performance. Very much enjoyed that. Everton beware!!!! Coutinho for permanent Captain!!!
He's got the goals, assists and leadership qualities. Once he reduces his pass completion percentage Coutinho will be the perfect captain.
Give Coutinho the armband permanently. Some skippers lead by example. He's a footballing magician, one of the best we've seen at Anfield the past 30 years in terms of ability.
The captain. The magician. The showman. The source of inspiration.
Liverpool have been on fire during the entire group stage and the same was highlighted on Twitter.
Liverpool have broken the record for most goals in a UCL group stage by an English club (22). – 2nd highest of any team in history.
Most goals scored in the Champions League group stage by an English club.


I'm going to rephrase that to, "Why choose an active or passive DI?" Before we get to that discussion, we should define what a DI or Direct Injection (aka Direct Interface) does.
A DI connects high impedance sources to the console.
When we have to hook up instruments with high impedance outputs—keyboards, guitars, practically anything with a 1/4" jack—to a mixer, we could just run a long 1/4" cord. But, most of the time, those outputs are unbalanced and, being high impedance, will pick a lot of noise and loose a lot of signal along the way to the console.
What a DI does is simultaneously lower the impedance so the signal can travel farther, and balance it so it's more resistant to noise. A DI works this little bit of magic either through a passive transformer circuit or some active circuitry. With that little bit of theory out of the way, let's compare the two designs.
Passive DI's require no power to work.
Requiring no power is one of the big advantages of passive DIs over active. There is no battery to die, no amplifier to overload and distort; you just plug it in and it works. Unlike active circuitry which can distort when the incoming signal is too hot, a transformer simply saturates somewhat like a tube. This saturation can sound quite pleasant, and often DIs will be chosen for a given application based on how they sound when they saturate.
With a passive direct box, it's also easy to eliminate ground loops caused by DC offsets, or varying voltage potential on the ground pin between the stage and console. A simple ground lift switch safely lifts pin one, breaking the loop. This can be done on active units, but it requires more design and circuitry (and more cost) to keep from loosing phantom power when pin one is lifted.
By the way, never use a ground lifting adapter on a power connector. Those so-called "cheater plugs" may stop a ground loop, but also leave the device in question dangerously ungrounded, which could kill someone. Use a DI instead.
Active DI's need power, but can do more.
With active circuitry, a designer has the option to do some tone shaping on the signal, or increase the gain before balancing the signal. There are even some clever examples like the Radial JDX which not only captures the signal coming from the guitar head, but also the back electro-magnetic impulse from the loudspeaker. To pull that off, you need active circuitry.
We have a couple Avalon U5 active DIs that even require 120 volts to operate because they are a high voltage Class A design with all kinds of tone shaping possibilities. They sound fantastic and have a price tag to match.
Most active DI's will run from either batteries or phantom power, the later being the preferred choice. Almost all consoles now have phantom, and that provides a much more stable, reliable and powerful source of power for active DI's.
Using a Jensen transformer, this is one of the best passive DIs on the market. About $200.
Also using a Jensen transformer, this active DI sets the standard for powered units.
A clever box that captures both the direct feed from the amp and the speaker impulse.
A more affordable passive DI. The 2 indicates it's a 2 channel version, nice for stereo keyboards. A ProD1 is also available. About $130.
A nearly bullet proof, affordable DI, the IMP2 is used on stages worldwide. About $40.
The U5 is an Class-A fully discreet active design that sounds amazing. At nearly $600, it's not cheap, but many feel it's worth it.
Generally speaking, if the source is active like a keyboard, a passive DI will work great. Passive devices like bass guitars and some acoustic guitars will be better served with an active unit. A specialized pickup like a piezo-electric will need a specially designed, active DI to really maximize the sound.
But those are general rules of thumb. Ultimately, it comes down to matching the right tool for the job. If budgets are tight, passive DIs will work just fine. If you can afford a good active DI, like a Radial J48 for example, and it sounds good with your bass or acoustic, then use it.
My even more general rule of thumb is that an expensive DI will most often sound better than a cheap DI. Sure, you can find cheap ones under $25, and they will balance an unbalanced signal and give you output. But compared to something a little better (think $50-150), it won't sound as good.
On the other hand, we use a lot of affordable yet very decent DIs (Whirlwind IMP 2's—about $40) in our student rooms, and they work just fine. For students playing relatively inexpensive instruments, I'm not sure it makes sense to spend $200 a channel on Radial JDIs. However, on our main stage where we have professional and very serious amateur musicians with instruments that cost more than a good used car, I have no problem spending more. There, we use Radial ProD2s for keyboards, and Avalon U5s for bass and acoustic guitars.
The best way to choose one over the other is to listen to them with your source and your PA. Sometimes, differences that show up in a studio just aren't that apparent in a live sound setting. If all goes well, in an upcoming post, we're going to pull out some of our DI inventory and I'll record some tracks and post them here. Stay tuned!
Some of the information for this article came from the excellent FAQ section on the Radial website. Spend some time poking around there for more DI education.
And by Sennheiser. For more than 60 years, the name Sennheiser has been synonymous with top-quality products and tailor-made complete solutions for every aspect of the recording, transmission and reproduction of sound.


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Canadian Lodging Outlook April 2009
Destinations and Diseases
By Anne R. Lloyd-Jones
Download PDF VersionCanadian Lodging Outlook April 2009
About Anne R. Lloyd-Jones
Anne R. Lloyd-Jones, MAI, CRE, is Senior Managing Director of the New York office and a Director of Consulting & Valuation at HVS, the premier global hospitality consulting firm. Since joining HVS in 1982, Anne has provided consulting and appraisal services for over 5,000 hotels. Anne's particular areas of expertise include market studies, feasibility analyses, and appraisals. She is also an expert in the valuation of management and franchise companies, as well as brands. Her experience includes a wide range of property types, including spas and conference centers. She has appeared as an expert witness on numerous occasions, providing testimony and litigation support on matters involving bankruptcy proceedings, civil litigation, and arbitration. For further information, please contact Anne at +1 (914) 772-1570 or [email protected]
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