text:
Demand for night shelters increases by 53 per cent in one year
14 December 2017, The Tablet
Pro-life charity calls on UK's top maternity doctor to resign
by Alex Daniel
The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) has called for the resignation of Britain's leading maternity doctor following her appeal for women to have access to home abortions, writes Alex Daniel.
SPUC accused Professor Lesley Regan, president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, of abusing her position of power. In an interview with the Sunday Times newspaper, Professor Regan said that women should be allowed to take abortion pills at home. At present, women seeking a termination in the first nine weeks of pregnancy can take two sets of medication 24 to 48 hours apart in a clinical setting. Professor Regan said that women should have access to the second round of the drug – Misoprostol – at home so that they don't miscarry on journeys to and from the clinic.
Antonia Tully, campaigns director at SPUC, said Professor Regan was "showing a callous disregard for the mental and physical welfare of women", adding: "This [proposal] means that many vulnerable women, who may be desperate about the situation they are in, will be on their own with no medical supervision, taking drugs powerful enough to destroy their unborn baby."
In the interview, Professor Regan, who is based at St Mary's Hospital in west London, told the newspaper that currently women are at risk of having an abortion that is not carried through in "a composed, calm way".
In October Scotland's chief medical officer announced that women can take the abortion pill at home, prompting Scottish bishops to accuse the Holyrood parliament of taking a stance that is "immoral" and "in conflict with public opinion". In November, the bishops wrote to Scotland's first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, calling for further dialogue on abortion.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As regular readers of this Web log are well aware, my dear sister Rose occasionally makes it known that she would like me to take her out to lunch. The purpose of these repasts is ostensibly to catch up with one another on family affairs – but the fact that it allows her to get away from said family, located as it is in the wilds of Fairfax county, for an interlude of blessed, classy and sophisticated experience downtown certainly figures into the bargain. She always suggests – which in the case of my big sister means, demands – reservations at the best Washington restaurants and today was no exception, as we dined at Fiola in Penn Quarter. After cocktails – two Tom Collins martinis, which she ordered in honor of my upcoming birthday on April 1 (and, of course in honor of my Dad, who invented the drink and named me after it in the first place), and a toast to the Martini clan – Mom, Dad, myself, Rose, my brother Rob Roy Martini, and all the relevant spouses, in-laws and offspring, here or far away, in good standing or in the doghouse, we ordered appetizers. Rose went with the ahi tuna and hamachi crudo with porcini crema, ikura roe and black truffle vinaigrette. I selected the English pea velouté with wild nettles and jumbo lump crab. For our entrées, Rose had the lobster ravioli with ginger and chives, while I opted for the Canary Island brazino and calamari with leeks, prosecco zabaglione and caviar. With that, we split a bottle of Venica & Venica Ronco delle Mele sauvignon, Colli Orientali del Friuli 2016. For dessert, Rose decided on the alba hazelnut gianduiotto with Piemontese caramel. A good choice, I knew, since I have had it there before, but the pineapple and goat's milk sorbetto won out for me instead.
"So you're putting Facebook on the same level as the hula hoop?" she challenged.


Description Coenzyme F420 (a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy 5-deazaflavin) is found in methanogenic archaea, the Mycobacteria, and some other species. Forms differ in the number of glutamyl residues attached. The chromophore by itself, FO, often can replace intact F420, so the literature will occasionally describe an enzyme dependent on FO. This does not necessarily mean the FO is not typically part of coenzyme F420 in vivo. However, it appears that only FO, and not F420, occurs in the Cyanobacteria. This property describes the presence of enzymes that use F420 as an electron donor or receptor, as opposed to enzymes of its biosynthesis.


[26.1] Can sizeof(char) be 2 on some machines? For example, what about double-byte characters?
[26.2] What are the units of sizeof?
[26.3] Whoa, but what about machines or compilers that support multibyte characters. Are you saying that a "character" and a char might be different?!?
[26.4] But, but, but what about machines where a char has more than 8 bits? Surely you're not saying a C++ byte might have more than 8 bits, are you?!?
[26.5] Okay, I could imagine a machine with 9-bit bytes. But surely not 16-bit bytes or 32-bit bytes, right?
[26.6] I'm sooooo confused. Would you please go over the rules about bytes, chars, and characters one more time?
[26.7] What is a "POD type"?
[26.8] When initializing non-static data members of built-in / intrinsic / primitive types, should I use the "initialization list" or assignment?
[26.9] When initializing static data members of built-in / intrinsic / primitive types, should I worry about the "static initialization order fiasco"?
[26.10] Can I define an operator overload that works with built-in / intrinsic / primitive types?
[26.11] When I delete an array of some built-in / intrinsic / primitive type, why can't I just say delete a instead of delete a?
[26.12] How can I tell if an integer is a power of two without looping?
No, sizeof(char) is always 1. Always. It is never 2. Never, never, never.
Even if you think of a "character" as a multi-byte thingy, char is not. sizeof(char) is always exactly 1. No exceptions, ever.
Look, I know this is going to hurt your head, so please, please just read the next few FAQs in sequence and hopefully the pain will go away by sometime next week.
For example, if sizeof(Fred) is 8, the distance between two Fred objects in an array of Freds will be exactly 8 bytes.
As another example, this means sizeof(char) is one byte. That's right: one byte. One, one, one, exactly one byte, always one byte. Never two bytes. No exceptions.
Yes that's right: the thing commonly referred to as a "character" might be different from the thing C++ calls a char.
I'm really sorry if that hurts, but believe me, it's better to get all the pain over with at once. Take a deep breath and repeat after me: "character and char might be different." There, doesn't that feel better? No? Well keep reading — it gets worse.
The C++ language guarantees a byte must always have at least 8 bits. But there are implementations of C++ that have more than 8 bits per byte.
I have heard of one implementation of C++ that has 64-bit "bytes." You read that right: a byte on that implementation has 64 bits. 64 bits per byte. 64. As in 8 times 8.
And yes, you're right, combining with the above would mean that a char on that implementation would have 64 bits.
The C++ language gives the programmer the impression that memory is laid out as a sequence of something C++ calls "bytes."
Each of these things that the C++ language calls a byte has at least 8 bits, but might have more than 8 bits.
The C++ language guarantees that a char* (char pointers) can address individual bytes.
The C++ language guarantees there are no bits between two bytes. This means every bit in memory is part of a byte. If you grind your way through memory via a char*, you will be able to see every bit.
The C++ language guarantees there are no bits that are part of two distinct bytes. This means a change to one byte will never cause a change to a different byte.
The C++ language gives you a way to find out how many bits are in a byte in your particular implementation: include the header <climits>, then the actual number of bits per byte will be given by the CHAR_BIT macro.
Let's work an example to illustrate these rules. The PDP-10 has 36-bit words with no hardware facility to address anything within one of those words. That means a pointer can point only at things on a 36-bit boundary: it is not possible for a pointer to point 8 bits to the right of where some other pointer points.
One way to abide by all the above rules is for a PDP-10 C++ compiler to define a "byte" as 36 bits. Another valid approach would be to define a "byte" as 9 bits, and simulate a char* by two words of memory: the first could point to the 36-bit word, the second could be a bit-offset within that word. In that case, the C++ compiler would need to add extra instructions when compiling code using char* pointers. For example, the code generated for *p = 'x' might read the word into a register, then use bit-masks and bit-shifts to change the appropriate 9-bit byte within that word. An int* could still be implemented as a single hardware pointer, since C++ allows sizeof(char*) != sizeof(int*).
Using the same logic, it would also be possible to define a PDP-10 C++ "byte" as 12-bits or 18-bits. However the above technique wouldn't allow us to define a PDP-10 C++ "byte" as 8-bits, since 8*4 is 32, meaning every 4th byte we would skip 4 bits. A more complicated approach could be used for those 4 bits, e.g., by packing nine bytes (of 8-bits each) into two adjacent 36-bit words. The important point here is that memcpy() has to be able to see every bit of memory: there can't be any bits between two adjacent bytes.
Note: one of the popular non-C/C++ approaches on the PDP-10 was to pack 5 bytes (of 7-bits each) into each 36-bit word. However this won't work in C or C++ since 5*7 = 35, meaning using char*s to walk through memory would "skip" a bit every fifth byte (and also because C++ requires bytes to have at least 8 bits).
A POD type is a C++ type that has an equivalent in C, and that uses the same rules as C uses for initialization, copying, layout, and addressing.
As an example, the C declaration struct Fred x; does not initialize the members of the Fred variable x. To make this same behavior happen in C++, Fred would need to not have any constructors. Similarly to make the C++ version of copying the same as the C version, the C++ Fred must not have overloaded the assignment operator. To make sure the other rules match, the C++ version must not have virtual functions, base classes, non-static members that are private or protected, or a destructor. It can, however, have static data members, static member functions, and non-static non-virtual member functions.
The actual definition of a POD type is recursive and gets a little gnarly. Here's a slightly simplified definition of POD: a POD type's non-static data members must be public and can be of any of these types: bool, any numeric type including the various char variants, any enumeration type, any data-pointer type (that is, any type convertible to void*), any pointer-to-function type, or any POD type, including arrays of any of these. Note: data-pointers and pointers-to-function are okay, but pointers-to-member are not. Also note that references are not allowed. In addition, a POD type can't have constructors, virtual functions, base classes, or an overloaded assignment operator.
For symmetry, it is usually best to initialize all non-static data members in the constructor's "initialization list," even those that are of a built-in / intrinsic / primitive type. The FAQ shows you why and how.
Yes, if you initialize your built-in / intrinsic / primitive variable by an expression that the compiler doesn't evaluate solely at compile-time. The FAQ provides several solutions for this (subtle!) problem.
No, the C++ language requires that your operator overloads take at least one operand of a "class type" or enumeration type. The C++ language will not let you define an operator all of whose operands / parameters are of primitive types.
For example, you can't define an operator== that takes two char*s and uses string comparison. That's good news because if s1 and s2 are of type char*, the expression s1 == s2 already has a well defined meaning: it compares the two pointers, not the two strings pointed to by those pointers. You shouldn't use pointers anyway. Use std::string instead of char*.
If C++ let you redefine the meaning of operators on built-in types, you wouldn't ever know what 1 + 1 is: it would depend on which headers got included and whether one of those headers redefined addition to mean, for example, subtraction.
Look, please don't write me an email asking me why C++ is what it is. It just is. If you really want a rationale, buy Bjarne Stroustrup's excellent book, "Design and Evolution of C++" (Addison-Wesley publishers). But if your real goal is to write some code, don't waste too much time figuring out why C++ has these rules, and instead just abide by its rules.
So here's the rule: if a points to an array of thingies that was allocated via new T[n], then you must, must, must delete it via delete a. Even if the elements in the array are built-in types. Even if they're of type char or int or void*. Even if you don't understand why.


text:
Q: WPF Binding in SubSonic 3 to Foreign Keys In WPF and SubSonic 2 using Active Record, I was able to bind to properties in rows from one table and easily follow the foreign key references (properties that returned the foreign key row representation) to bind to fields in the foreign key table.  With SubSonic 3 and ActiveRecord, I'm not quite sure how to do this (easily) anymore.  It looks like the foreign key references return IQueryable(Of T) which does not have a property to get the foreign key row.  There is, however, are functions (First and Single) which accomplish what I would like.
For example, let's say I have an Employee table with a foreign key reference to a Department table, in SubSonic 2, I was able to do something like:
In code:
MyGrid.ItemsSource = New EmployeeCollection().Load()

In xaml:
<grid:DataGrid name="MyGrid">
  <grid:DataGrid.Columns>
    <grid:DataGridTextColumn Header="Employee" Binding="{Binding Path=EmployeeName}" />
    <grid:DataGridTextColumn Header="Department" Binding="{Binding Path=Department.DepartmentName}" />
  </grid:DataGrid.Columns>
</grid:DataGrid>

In SubSonic 3, I cannot figure out the equivalent to the binding to the DepartmentName, i.e.
Binding="{Binding Path=Department.DepartmentName}"

How do I accomplish the this in SubSonic 3?  Thanks in advance.

A: I beleive in WPF that you should bind a collection to an observable collection - see Create A WPF ObservableCollection From A SubSonic 2.2 Collection

A: I see two options:
1) Modify the T4 templates to provide the properties you are expecting.  This may seem more naturally, but I'm not sure you won't end up with those properties on models where they aren't appropriate.
2) Use the ObjectDataProvider to bind to methods on your models.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These lapidary saw blades are steel, with diamond in the outer rim. The strength of steel gives you a thin kerf (thickness of cut) so you don't waste a lot of precious material. The blades will rust if left standing in water for an extended period of time. If you choose to leave your blades in water over night we recommend adding a rust inhibitor to your water.
Always use appropriate safety equipment such as eye, ear and breathing protection when sawing. Also check out our guide to safe operating speeds for saw blades by clicking here.
- Your machine size. What size diamond blade will it accept?
- The size of the arbor (shaft) on your machine. We will provide one free saw blade bush to fit. Arbor sizes are usually imperial 1/2", 3/4", 5/8", 7/8" or 1".
Postage costs for these diamond saw blades are calculated based on weight and will be shown at Checkout before you finalise your purchase.


I've had a blog on Dreamhost since February, and in the last few weeks my site's performance has progressively degraded. It now suffers from frequent downtimes where I receive either 500 Internal Server Error messages or database connection errors. I can still FTP into my site, I can upload things and download static HTML files and images, I just can't access anything that uses the database. Since my site is solely a Wordpress blog, this is a big problem for me.
A member of Dreamhost's support staff suggested that the cause of the problem is my blog's Wordpress theme. During a downtime a few days ago, he reverted the theme to the default and the problem seemed to clear up. However, I've been using the same theme for months without a problem, and when my site goes down I cannot access the admin page or the feed pages, both of which I think are independent of the blog theme. I also cannot connect to the database using phpMyAdmin (I receive an error that reads: "#2013 - Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading authorization packet', system error: 0"). Just to check, during a downtime period yesterday I renamed the directory of my current theme as well as the Wordpress plugins directory, but that did not bring my site back up. I'm certain that traffic load isn't destroying my site; my site doesn't get very many visits at all.
So basically I'm not sure how to fix this. The problem generally resolves itself after some period of time, but having my site go down for four or five hours a day is obviously not an ideal situation. I'm not very experienced with using Wordpress and I'm even less familiar with troubleshooting it. I would like to have a stable site, however. Does anybody have any suggestions?


text:
Adam and Eve and Ted and Alice
A discussion meandered past TOF's optics the other day and put him in mind of a post of his from way back in 2011. This proved at the time to be a favorite among TOFian followers and racked up large numbers of eyeballs. So, TOF bethought himself to tweak the writing a bit and repost it.
John Farrel has written a column at his Forbes site entitled "Can Theology Evolve," quoting from an epistle of Jerry Coyne:
Adam and Eve discover
they are naked.
Human race follows.
"I've always maintained that this piece of the Old Testament, which is easily falsified by modern genetics (modern humans descended from a group of no fewer than 10,000 individuals), shows more than anything else the incompatibility between science and faith. For if you reject the Adam and Eve tale as literal truth, you reject two central tenets of Christianity: the Fall of Man and human specialness."
Now, by "literal truth" Coyne undoubtedly intended "literal fact," since a thing may be true without being fact, and a fact has no truth value in itself. I do not know Dr. Coyne's bona fides for drawing doctrinal conclusions or for interpreting scriptures, although he seems to lean toward the fundamentalist persuasion of naive Biblical literakism. Nor am I sure how Dr. Coyne's assertion necessarily entails a falsification of human specialness (whatever he means by that). I never heard of such a doctrine in my Storied Youth(^1) though it is pretty obvious from a scientific-empirical point of view. You are not reading this on an Internet produced by kangaroos or in a language devised by petunias, so there just might be something a weensie-bit special about humans.
It is not even clear what his claim means regarding the Fall. Neither the Eastern Orthodox nor the Roman Catholic churches ever insisted on a naive-literal reading of their scriptures, and yet both asserted as dogma the Fall of Man.(^2)
Now modern genetics does not falsify the Adam and Eve tale for the excellent reason that it does not address the same matter as the Adam and Eve tale. One is about the origin of species; the other is about the origin of sin. One may as well say that a painting of a meal falsifies haute cuisine.
Still, there are some interesting points about the myth of Adam and Eve and the Fall. Not least is the common Late Modern usage of "myth" to mean "something false" rather than "an organizing story by which a culture explains itself to itself." Consider, for example, the "myth of progress" that was so important during the Modern Ages. Or the equally famous "myth of Galileo" which was a sort of Genesis myth for the Modern Ages. With the fading of the Modern Ages, these myths have lost their power and have been exploded by post-modernism or by historians of science. Before we consider the Fall, let us consider the Summer. No. Wait. I mean the Summary.
(^1) storied youth. Literally. My brother and I wrote stories when we were kids.
(^2) Makes you wonder what their actual reasoning was, if it was not some backwoods 19th century American reading an archaic English translation of some Greek texts.
On the Ambiguity of One
Dr. Coyne's primary error seems to be a quantifier shift. He and his fundamentalist bedfellows appear to hold that the statement:
A: "There is one man from whom all humans are descended"
is equivalent to the statement:
B: "All humans are descended from [only] one man."
But this logical fallacy hinges on an equivocation of "one," failing to distinguish "one [out of many]" from "[only] one." Traditional doctrine requires only A, not B: That all humans share a common ancestor, not that they have no other ancestors. For example, all Americans inheriting the name Hammontree are descended from a single couple in colonial Tidewater Virginia [Jonathon (ca 1693-1758)nand Mary (1697-1726)]. But of course, this does not preclude additional lines of descent. Jonathan and Mary were not all alone in Virginia. Iis easy to see how a group of people may have a common ancestor without having only one ancestor.
Adam and his friends
Dr. Coyne believes the mathematical requirement of a population numbering 10,000 somehow refutes the possibility that there were two. But clearly, where there are 10,000 there are two, many times over. Genesis tells us that the children of Adam and Eve found mates among "the children of men," which would indicate that there were a number of others creatures out there with whom they could mate. Perhaps no fewer than 9,998 others. So even a literal reading of Genesis supports multiple ancestors, over and above a single common ancestor.
Of course, this is not the usual poetic trope or artistic image of one man and one woman alone in a Garden in Eden, but then popular and artistic conceptions of evolution or quantum mechanics are not always precise and accurate, either. Not everyone has the time, inclination, or talent to delve into such matters very deeply, and the end of art is different from the end of philosophy - or genetics. Yet there may be a sense in which Adam (and Eve) were indeed alone.
Mitochondrial Eve, which is the night
prior to the Feast of Mitochondrial
The Red-Clay Men
Dr. Coyne makes much of Mitochondrial Eve not being contemporary with Y-chromosome Adam; but these are common ancestors only in the strict male descent or the strict female descent. Doctrine holds only that all men are descended from Adam, not that they descend through an unbroken line of fathers. The same applies to descent from Eve through mothers, although oddly enough, that is not doctrine, for reasons adduced below. (^4) Since mito-Eve and chromo-Adam are not necessarily the Adam and Eve of the story, what difference does it make if they were not contemporary?
Now obviously, if all men are descended from Adam, then all men are descended from Adam's father, ne c'est pas? At one time, the possibility that Adam's father was a lump of clay was the cutting edge of science. After all, the word adam simply means "red clay." (And still does in Arabic.) When a man dies, his body corrupts, and becomes.... red clay. It was not then unreasonable to early observers of nature that regardless how subsequent generations have been propagated, the first red-clay man came directly from red clay.
IOW, the mythos of Adam and Eve employed the best-known science of its time. Were it being originated today, it would undoubtedly employ the imagery of modern science -- just so people in AD 6000 could laugh at its naivete.
(^4) I have always wanted to use 'adduced' in a sentence. I may now rest satisfied.
Adam and God in a touching scene.
So why Adam and not his progenitor, Bruce?
Evolution points to the answer. Darwin tells us that at some point an ape that was not quite a man gave birth to a man that was no longer quite an ape. Commenters of a decade ago missed that 'not quite' part and assumed TOF meant that an ape gave birth to a human, which is absurd. In a supposedly continuous series, it is more like an inflection point or a 'tipping point.'
The new species was H. sapiens - or at least he likes to call himself that.(^5) He had the capacity for rational thought; that is, to reflect on sensory perceptions and abstract universal concepts. He could not only perceive this bison and that bison, but could conceive of "bison" -- an abstraction with no material existence of its own. Poetically, we might say that a God "breathed" a rational soul into a being that had previously been little more than "red clay."
How long after the red-clay men were formed by evolution was a rational soul breathed in? The texts do not say. It may have been tens or hundreds of thousands of years, at least according to one Eastern Orthodox theologian(^6). If there is a God and he did such things, he was not punching a time-clock.
Hence, Adam as first man, and not simply first man-like hominid.
(^5) He is actually H. loquens. Jury is still out on the sapiens bit.
(^6) Eastern Orthodox. Atheists and other fundies often forget about the Orthodox Church, but it is the second largest Church in Christendom. Together with the largest, the Roman Catholic, they comprise better than 63% of all Christians. Throw in the third largest - the Anglican Communion - and we've got two-thirds of all Christians, well before we get down to the more exotic and idiosyncratic sects. If I want to know "what Christianity teaches," I would be inclined to ask the Orthodox or Catholic churches, as they have near 2000 years of noodling over it. Yet when the Coynes of the world want to tell us 'what Christians believe,' they agitate over the idiosyncratic beliefs of Bill and Ted's Excellent Bible Shack, whose teachings go back to last Tuesday. Go figure.
Whaddaya Mean "First" Man?
Zeno of Elea, concerned about
catching his escaped tortoise.
There is an argument similar to Zeno's Paradox of Dichotomy that holds that sapient man arose by slow, gradual increments. That is, arguing from the continuum rather than from the quanta. Now, "a little bit sapient" is like "a little bit pregnant." It may be only a little, but it is a lot more than not sapient at all. There is, after all, no first number after zero, and however small the sapience, one can always cut it in half and claim that that much less sapience preceded it.
But however long and gradual may have been the screwing-in of the light bulb, the light is either on or off.
Modern genetics finds that genetic change may be specific, sudden, and massive due to various biochemical "machines" within the gene. The ability to abstract universal concepts from particular sensory percepts is an either-or thing, no matter how much better developed it might grow over time. You either can do it even a little bit or you can't do it at all. So, Adam may be considered the first man no matter how many physically man-like apes there were on his family tree.
And that includes those among his 9,999 companions. It is not clear how Dr. Coyne envisions the same sapient 'mutation' arising simultaneously in 10,000 ape-men. It is not impossible, TOF supposes; but it does seem unlikely. So let us default to the sapiens/loquens 'mutation' appearing first in one man and then gradually spreading through a population. Following tradition, let's call him Adam. This in no way contradicts the existence of 9,999 other ape-men with whom Adam is interfertile. They may have been necessary to comprise a sufficient breeding population insofar as the body is concerned, but they need not have been sapient.
The Trent Affair
Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice, embarrassed
to be seen in this motion picture, but
not by a knowledge of good and evil;
Hence: mere brute animals.
Consequently, what Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice were up to with Lilith among the 10,000 makes no difference, doctrine-wise. For that matter, what Eve was up to doesn't matter much, either! The anathemas of the Council of Trent mention only Adam.(^8) They require belief in original sin and related doctrines; they do not require belief in a factual Genesis myth beyond the simple existence of a common ancestor. (Which is why the church consistently taught that mankind was all one species and all material beings with intellect and will, including hypothetical blemyae and sciopods, were "men.")
The anagogical point of the Genesis story was to teach a doctrine, not to relate a history. The truths are not in the facts. Dr. Coyne has discovered that naive-literalists have a coherency problem; but that has been known for centuries. Indeed, St. Augustine pointed it out in the long ago:
For if he takes up rashly a meaning which the author whom he is reading did not intend, he often falls in with other statements which he cannot harmonize with this meaning. And if he admits that these statements are true and certain, then it follows that the meaning he had put upon the former passage cannot be the true one: and so it comes to pass, one can hardly tell how, that, out of love for his own opinion, he begins to feel more angry with Scripture than he is with himself. -- On Christian doctrine, I.37
Gus Hippo
In his book on the literal meanings of Genesis, wherein he extracted multiple literal meanings from different passages,(^9) Augustine wrote:
In the case of a narrative of events, the question arises as to whether everything must be taken according to the figurative sense only, or whether it must be expounded and defended also as a faithful record of what happened. No Christian will dare say that the narrative must not be taken in a figurative sense. For St. Paul says: ""Now all these things that happened to them were symbolic." "And he explains the statement in Genesis, ""And they shall be two in one flesh," "as a great mystery in reference to Christ and to the Church. If, then, Scripture is to be explained under both aspects, what meaning other than the allegorical have the words: "In the beginning God created heaven and earth?" --On the literal meanings of Genesis, I.1.
Note that he regards the figurative [anagogical] sense as the default, and other readings are layered upon this. He discusses how one knows when a figurative meaning is intended, and describes the various figures that are used in both literary and vulgar speech. Thomas Aquinas explains the four reading protocols used by the Church in ST I.1.10 but they go back to the Patristic Age.(^10)
(^8) At least when the Church prosecuted you for heresy, she took considerable pains beforehand to spell out just what the heresy was. This is in contrast to modern versions of PC woke heresies.
(^9) BTW, Augie was quite aware of the issue of light existing before the sun; and points out the ambiguity of "evening and morning" on a spherical Earth. Late-Moderns always think they are the first to think of these things.
(^10) "Metaphorical" counts as one of the various literal readings. "You are the salt of the earth" depends on the actual, literal meaning of "salt." To say "you are the asparagus of the earth" would not mean the same thing. Fundamentalists often say that by using metaphor a passage can mean anything; but this is simply not so. "You are the salt of the earth" cannot mean "Two pounds pastrami; bring home to Emma." But we digress.
Homo loquens
Aristotle illustrated the difference between the sensitive animal form and the rational human form by saying that an animal sees flesh, but a human also sees what flesh is. And so we might imagine Adam sitting around the campfire after an exciting hunt and remembering the bison they had chased and the moment of truth and he suddenly utters the hunting cry that signifies "bison here!" A cry that is in principle no different from those made by other animals, and possibly his fire-mates look about in alarm for the bison the cry signifies.
But Adam has done something different. He has used the sign as a symbol, one that refers to the bison-that-is-not-here-but-remembered. He has become sapient and has invented grammar.(^11) Or perhaps he was just born that way and like any small child reaching seven has just achieved the age of reason. But in all likelihood, his ability to speak in abstractions -- to speak of 'bison' rather than any particular bison -- is coterminous with his sapience.
Alas, none of his fire-mates understand, and he goes through life as lonely as a man who can speak when no one else can listen. It is as if he is alone in a garden (since that is all that "paradise" meant.) For a while, he amuses himself by giving names to all the other animals, even the ones his band does not hunt or flee, but that soon palls. Is there no one else he can talk with?
Then one day he meets a woman-with-words. Perhaps a woman from another band or tribe who has coincidentally received the same mutation, or perhaps someone who has simply cottoned on to what he has been doing. Sometimes an environmental cue is required to activate a gene. Here at last is someone he can talk to. (Perhaps he regrets this later, when she will not shut up. But that is a tale for another time.) The rest, as they say, is history. Later, some of his descendants will fly to the Moon, still chattering away.
(^11) For an amusing take on this, see the Underground Grammarian:
Pleased to Meet You. Hope You Know My Name.
Like any animal, the red-clay ape-men were innocent. They lived, hunted, ate, mated, and died, pretty much in that order. What was good was what perfected their ape-manliness; but they did not know it was good. In a sense, they did not know anything. Like perfect Zen masters, they simply did. (See the zebras in the Underground Grammarian's essay, linked in the previous footnote.)
But Adam is different. Having a rational human form in addition to his sensitive animal form, he is capable of knowing the good. But for Adam to know the good means that Adam is now capable of turning away from the good. Thus, when Adam wills some act that is contrary to what his intellect tells him is good, he is acting in disobedience to "God's commands written in his heart." (Romans 2;12-16) A turning away from the good is called "sin" and, since no one had ever been capable of doing so before, it was the original sin. This is communicated by allegory in the tale of the fruit of the tree.
At the age of reason, children distinguish
right from wrong and get to bore priests
with all sorts of imagined sins.
We can observe this today with children, who mature to a point is when they begin to recognize good and evil. We call it the age of reason. Once upon a time, this recognition must have happened for the first time, and not necessarily in childhood. Today's children have parents and an entire society to serve as examples and hasten the onset; but Adam had no one to teach him, so the realization could have come late. All of a sudden, he knew he had disobeyed the voice in his head, he was naked like an animal, he knew that someday he would die.
So death came into the world - not as fact, but as truth. Animals die in fact, but they do not know that they will. They live, as it were, one day at a time; until one day they don't. Death became true when Adam realized it. What a bummer that must have been. He probably invented whiskey next.
And so he was expelled from the edenic existence of the innocent ape-men animals into a world of worries. Perhaps it was literal. How did the other ape-men react to the odd ones in their midst? Evolution proceeds through reproductive isolation. If Adam and the others like him had stayed in ape-man eden, his genes may have been lost in the larger gene pool and never achieved "take-off" concentration. So some sort of secession seems reasonable. We read that Adam and Eve were expelled; we do not read that no one else was.
Maybe Adam and those he found like him started calling themselves "the Enlightened" or "the Brights" or even just "the Sapients" and this really annoyed the other 9000 or so, who then drove them out as obnoxious little gits.
The temptation of Satan
Most sin, the old joke runs, is not very original. But supposedly the "sin of Adam" has been inherited by all his descendants. This hardly seems fair. If we didn't do the deed, why should we bear the mark?
But this misses the mark. Thomas Aquinas made note that original sin is not a particular transgression, like a crime committed for which one deserves particular punishment, but is the origin or source of such positive sins. It is a predelection inherent to human nature.
Doctrine is concerned with the origin of sin, not the origin of species. Hence, "origin-al" sin. The only time Thomas Aquinas touches (in passing) on the origin of species, he ascribes its possibility to the powers inherent in nature itself as created in the beginning:
Species, also, that are new, if any such appear, existed beforehand in various active powers; so that animals, and perhaps even new species of animals, are produced by putrefaction by the power which the stars and elements received at the beginning.
Tommy Aquino
When Thomas Aquinas discusses Adam and Eve, he focuses on Adam. He goes so far as to say that had it been Eve who sinned, we would have no problem!(^13)
But how is this original sin transmitted to descendants. Again, do not suppose that no one has ever thought of the late-modern trendy objections before. Aquinas writes:
Yet if we look into the matter carefully we shall see that it is impossible for the sins of the nearer ancestors, or even any other but the first sin of our first parent to be transmitted by way of origin. The reason is that a man begets his like in species but not in individual. Consequently those things that pertain directly to the individual, such as personal actions and matters affecting them, are not transmitted by parents to their children: for a grammarian does not transmit to his son the knowledge of grammar that he has acquired by his own studies. On the other hand, those things that concern the nature of the species, are transmitted by parents to their children, unless there be a defect of nature: thus a man with eyes begets a son having eyes, unless nature fails. And if nature be strong, even certain accidents of the individual pertaining to natural disposition, are transmitted to the children, e.g. fleetness of body, acuteness of intellect, and so forth; but nowise those that are purely personal
In ST II-1, Q.81, art. 1 he writes:
For some, considering that the subject of sin is the rational soul, maintained that the rational soul is transmitted with the semen, so that thus an infected soul would seem to produce other infected souls. Others, rejecting this as erroneous, endeavored to show how the guilt of the parent's soul can be transmitted to the children, even though the soul be not transmitted, from the fact that defects of the body are transmitted from parent to child--thus a leper may beget a leper, or a gouty man may be the father of a gouty son, on account of some seminal corruption, although this corruption is not [itself] leprosy or gout. Now since the body is proportionate to the soul, and since the soul's defects redound into the body, and vice versa,(^14) in like manner, say they, a culpable defect of the soul is passed on to the child, through the transmission of the semen, albeit the semen itself is not the subject of the guilt.
So Tommy has noted genetics, and has rejected Lamarckism, even if he doesn't know about genetics and says "semen" rather than "genes." This is what we might call Aquinas' "genetic" explanation. He identified original sin with concupiscence, hence with selfishness (or "wanting" as the Buddha put it).
So he is here hypothesizing a sort of "selfish gene." Perhaps we can find an evolutionary biologist willing to write a book about the selfish gene; though he would likely get the ontology all mucked up.
However, Aquinas finds that this selfish gene is not quite sufficient, and adds a bit regarding "motion by generation," and says we must consider the human species as a whole ("as one man") and the sin (or defect) as applying to human nature per se, rather than to the acts of each particular man. "Original sin is not the sin of this person, except inasmuch as this person receives his nature from his first parent, for which reason it is called the "sin of nature."
IOW, the mythos of Adam and Eve still makes sense when read in the traditional anagogical manner, not in spite of evolutionary learnings but because of them. Of course, we must be wary of concordism. Being compatible with consensus science is a tricky thing. Just ask the clerics who defended long-established geocentrism. If it ain't falsifiable, it ain't science; so we must allow the possibility that what we think we know about evolution is all wrong. That is why it is not a good idea to get too chummy with science, since you never know when she'll pack up her bags and leave you holding the bills.
(^13) To this day most crimes are committed by men, and women are more likely to be devout, etc.
(^14) the soul's defects redound into the body, and vice versa. Gosh, Tommy said that if you tamper with someone's brain, it will affect his thinking! Who'd'a thunk it. Certainly not Late-Moderns, who think they alone have discovered that the body affects the soul /mind.
Labels: amateur theology
Richard Siers September 5, 2021 at 6:36 PM
Excellent. Printed and added to my thin binder titled "The Best".
Rich Siers
Banshee October 25, 2021 at 10:30 AM
Well, I like your essay, which makes a lot of sense, particularly for its intended audience.
That said, the point of the "garden" was that it was seen as being around God's holy mountain, the precursor to the Temple. And just like the priests of the Temple, Adam was instructed to "tend and guard" God's garden (Gen. 2:15). The description of Eden is a mystical description of Israel, and the mountain is Zion. And God is described in Gen. 2:8 as having "placed" the man in the garden, not necessarily him starting out there. So it's the first example in the Bible of God bringing someone out to a holy mountain to spend time with Him.
(Insert "cosmic Temple" theology here. Which is very interesting and fun, and makes a lot of sense of some of the odd happenings in the OT and NT. But basically, humans are the priestly people of Creation, we're supposed to "tend and guard" Creation, all the Jewish temples were little models of the universe with the Holy of Holies representing Heaven, and so on. And of course Jesus as the New Adam, and the Book of Revelation showing Heaven to be the ultimate Temple.)
Now, the interesting bit is that Israel was indeed home to lots and lots of Neanderthals as well as Cro-Magnon people, and the nephilim and their half-human and mostly human descendants, the "giants," have a lot in common with Neanderthal descriptions. I don't insist on it, but it's possible.
(And Ruth was an Amorite, allegedly descended from giants and described in the Bible in terms that remind one of that. So David vs. Goliath was arguably a family fight.)
Some Favorite Ditties


text:
L'UCI Asia Tour 2016 est la douzième édition de l'UCI Asia Tour, l'un des cinq circuits continentaux de cyclisme de l'Union cycliste internationale. Il est composé de 28 compétitions organisées du 20 janvier au  en Asie.

Le sprinteur britannique Mark Cavendish remporte le classement général individuel, et l'équipe cycliste Pishgaman Giant le classement par équipes.

Calendrier des épreuves

Janvier

Février

Mars

Avril

Mai

Juin

Juillet

Août

Septembre

Octobre

Épreuves annulées

Classements

Classement individuel
Classement individuel final

* : coureur de moins de 23 ans

Classement par équipes
Classement par équipes final

Classements par nations élites
Classement par nations élites final

Classements par nations espoirs
Classement par nations espoirs final

Notes et références

Lien externe
 Site officiel de l'UCI Asia Tour

2016
Cyclisme sur route en 2016
2016 en Asie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Straža – wieś w Słowenii, w gminie Lukovica. W 2018 roku liczyła 19 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Miejscowości w gminie Lukovica


text:
Q: how to do image caching in android I have a set of images to be downloaded from their corresponding url. Can anyone tell how to proceed with caching of these images? Please reply.

A: You can get an internal storage cache directory by calling getCacheDir() which is an exclusive area for your app to use as storage, that cant be accessed by anyone or any other app. You can also get an external storage (sd card) cache directory by calling getExternalCacheDir(), which in this case can be accessed by users. You can read up more about this at Androids Data Storage chapter on its dev guide.
In terms of downlaoding and saving the images you can do the following:
URL url = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection ucon = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
Bitmap image = Bitmap.decodeStream(ucon.getInputStream);

File cacheDir = getCacheDir();

File imageFile = new File(cahceDir, "downloadedImage.png");

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(imageFile);

image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos);
fos.close();
fos.flush();

Be careful about downloading large images, as this may cause a OOM error (OutOfMemory), so you may wrap your bitmap object with a SoftReference object to avoid this error. i.e.
SoftReference<Bitmap> softref = new SoftReference(image);


text:
Vulpicida is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Circumscribed in 1993 to contain species formerly placed in Cetraria, the genus is widespread in Arctic to northern temperate regions, and contains six species. The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, compounds that when combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow and green colors.

Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Jan-Eric Mattson and Ming-Jou Lai in a 1993 Mycotaxon publication, to contain yellow species containing vulpinic and pinastric acids and a broadly club-shaped ascus. Mattson published a monograph of the genus later that year. The group of species assigned to the genus were previously recognized as a distinct grouping by Finnish lichenologist Veli Räsänen in 1952, who classified them in the genus Cetraria, subgenus Platysma, section Flavidae, and subsection Cucullatae. The type species is Vulpicida juniperinus, originally Lichen juniperinus as described by Carl Linnaeus in the second volume of his 1753 Species Plantarum.

The generic name Vulpicida is derived from the Latin words vulpes ("fox") and -cida ("who kills"); according to Swedish peasant folklore, the lichen, when consumed, kills foxes but not dogs or wolves.

According to a 2009 molecular analysis using internal transcribed spacer data from five of the six known species, Vulpicida is supported as monophyletic (descended from a common evolutionary ancestor) when using Bayesian analysis. Using a different method for phylogenetic inference, PAUP (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony), the genus is paraphyletic, as Allocetraria nests within the same clade.

Description
The thallus (the vegetative body of the lichen) ranges in form from foliose ("leaf-like", with distinctly formed lobes) and forming rosettes, to somewhat fruticose (branch-like and bushy), with lobes usually dorsiventral with raised tips, sometimes even cylindrical or slightly tapering. The upper thallus surface is bright to dark yellow (resulting from usnic acid), sometimes greenish, often wrinkled or somewhat folded. The lower thallus surface is weakly yellow, with black central parts, and lacks pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the outer surface). The rhizinae (black hair-like strands that attach the lichen to their substrate) are laminal (originating from all across the thallus surface), almost never close to the margin and rather sparse, and either simple or irregularly branched.

The apothecia (the fruit body of the lichen) are somewhat marginal (positioned on the edge or near the margin) or laminal, and comprise a brown disc with an often finely scalloped edge. The asci (spore-bearing cells) are broadly club-shaped, with a wide ocular chamber (a wide, finger-like protrusion of the epiplasm into the apical region of the ascus), and large axial body. The thallus often has a strong staining reaction in Lugol's solution. Spores are spherical or nearly so, and number eight per ascus. Pycnidia are typically abundant, with either a marginal or laminal arrangement. They are generally conspicuous, black, situated on projections, and raised or immersed. The medulla is yellow to orange (from pinastric and vulpinic acids). The pycnidial wall contains some black pigment. The conidia are somewhat flask-shaped or lemon-shaped. The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, which are derived from the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway. These compounds, combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow and green colors.

Species
There are six species in Vulpicida. They are all found in arctic or boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

V. canadensis (Räsänen) J.-E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai
Originally Cetraria junier var. canadensis, published by Räsänen in 1933.
V. juniperinus (L.) J.-E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai
Originally Lichen juniperinus, published by Linnaeus in 1753.
V. pinastri (Scop.) J.-E.Mattsson
Originally Lichen pinastra, published by Scopoli in 1772.
V. tilesii (Ach.) J.-E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai
Originally Cetraria tilesii, published by Acharius in 1814.
V. tubulosus (Schaer.) J.-E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai
Originally Cetraria juniperina (L.) Ach. var. tubulosa, published by Schaerer in 1836.
V. viridis (Schwein.) J.-E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai
Originally Cetraria viridis, published by Halsey, and attributed to Schweinitz in 1824.

References

Parmeliaceae
Lichen genera
Lecanorales genera
Taxa described in 1993


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January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 334 days remaining, (335 in leap years). Also, this is the final day of January.
1961 - Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.
1996 - An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank in Colombo, Sri Lanka killing at least 86 and injuring 1,400.
1999 - Super Bowl XXXIII: The Denver Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons, 34-19. After the game, Family Guy aired its pilot episode.
2001 - In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crashed into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
1964 - Billey Shamrock, Swedish singer and songwriter.
This page was last modified 18:09, 8 Jun 2005.
This page has been accessed 17829 times.


text:
loughboroughLoad mobile navigation
Ghosts plays with baby - claims haunted house mum
SPIRIT: 'I've contacted East Midlands Housing and told them I want to get moved'
Loughborough Echo
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A LOUGHBOROUGH resident says she has moved in to a haunted house.
Stacey McGill moved in to a property in School Street last December, and says her family is experiencing paranormal activity and wants to move out again.
A spirit in the property has been heard shouting 'on, off, on, off' as well as moving posters around on walls, creaking floorboards, setting off her daughter Chelsey's toys, shutting doors, playing with the baby and even pushing her partner - who was left with a bad neck for several weeks after it put pressure on his back.
She also says it is most active at night, waking her eight-month-old daughter at least a dozen times every night and even jumping on her bed - where she tried to grab a snap with her camera phone.
She said: "When we first moved in it felt like I had hairs on me all the time. I didn't say anything until my partner and my brother said the same.
"I contacted a priest and he said it was a spirit - I couldn't believe it.
"I don't know why it's showing itself but I don't fancy staying there. I've contacted East Midlands Housing and told them I want to get moved."
EMH area housing manager for Loughborough Victoria Roberts said: "We have been in contact with Ms McGill and listened to her comments in a sensitive manner.
"We wil offer her our support and advice as a landlord.
"There have been only three tenants, including Ms McGill, in the property in the last 12 years, and we have not heard of anything of this nature happening there before.
"As far as we know, the house does not have an unusual history."
LoughboroughEcho
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LoughboroughLetters from the FrontEvery year Woodhouse author and historian Michael Kendrick composes a special Remembrance article for the Echo readership This year he features letters written from the Front by Albert Allen.
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Loughborough Grammar SchoolRobbie's Rugby Festival raises £20,000The largest 10s rugby tournament in the country celebrated a landmark year with an uplifting day of adrenaline-fuelled pitch action, a full day of family friendly fun and a glamour black tie Festiball in the evening.
LeicestershireFirefighter Have A Go taster events this weekend"At these events, attendees can get hands-on experience of the job-related tests involved in the recruitment process."
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Loughborough Town HallHigh demand for Literature at Lunchtime lecturesAS SO many town residents have been digesting reading matter at Loughborough Town Hall's Literature at Lunchtime lectures, the next talk has been moved from the smaller Council Chamber to the Town Hall's large main auditorium.
Loughborough LightningLoughborough Lightning edged out by Manchester ThunderThe crowd was on the edge of their seats as the visitors secured a 56-55 point win to condemn the side to their first loss under new head coach Anna Carter.
Special FeaturesKinchbus contactless payments continue to boomContactless payments on transport assists faster, frictionless travel
Special FeaturesContactless payments have arrived on KinchbusYou can now tap-on and tap-off all Kinchbus routes
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Special Features'Winning millions can be boring' says successful UK poker playerSam Trickett, Britain's most successful poker player, is one of only 18 people in the world to be successful in high stakes poker playing
LoughboroughWeightlifter launches gofundme Olympic appealSmith (24) studies, works and trains in Loughborough and in 2010 became England's first female weightlifting medallist at a Commonwealth Games aged just 16, going on to win gold in 2014 and silver in the Gold Coast earlier this year.
M1New M1 cameras catch thousands speedingThree thousand drivers have been caught since the cameras were set up in May between junctions 23a for East Midlands Airport and junction 25 at Long Eaton.
LeicestershireTake a drive on the wild side at Twycross ZooThe attraction, which will be open all year round, is aimed at children aged three to seven years old.
LoughboroughFly-tippers blasted for beauty spot mess"It is totally ruined by these lazy and inconsiderate people who dump this stuff and obviously can't be bothered to got to tip and don't care about spoiling the beautiful countryside we have."
TravelAn amazing Dragon Slayer show launches at Warwick CastleIt is fair to say that Dragon Slayer, the explosive new evening show at Warwick Castle, really does have it all.
EmploymentLaw warning for child employersCampaign aims to raise awareness of what children and young people can and cannot be asked to do, to ensure they have a positive experience in the workplace.
M1Charming period cottage nestled in heart of the villageIt overlooks the village green and offers a delightful interior which features latch doors, beamed ceilings and a contemporary kitchen and shower room.


text:
Correction to: Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9)
Takeshi Iwasaki, Kenichi Kohashi, Yu Toda, Shin Ishihara, Yuichi Yamada, Yoshinao Oda
Pathobiology
In the original article published, the data of AJCC stage.
Accepted/In press - 2020
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Correction to: Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Leiomyosarcoma Medicine & Life Sciences
Medical Oncology Medicine & Life Sciences
Iwasaki, T., Kohashi, K., Toda, Y., Ishihara, S., Yamada, Y., & Oda, Y. (Accepted/In press). Correction to: Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9). Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03466-6
Correction to : Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9). / Iwasaki, Takeshi; Kohashi, Kenichi; Toda, Yu; Ishihara, Shin; Yamada, Yuichi; Oda, Yoshinao.
In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2020.
Iwasaki, T, Kohashi, K, Toda, Y, Ishihara, S, Yamada, Y & Oda, Y 2020, 'Correction to: Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9)', Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03466-6
Iwasaki T, Kohashi K, Toda Y, Ishihara S, Yamada Y, Oda Y. Correction to: Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9). Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03466-6
Iwasaki, Takeshi ; Kohashi, Kenichi ; Toda, Yu ; Ishihara, Shin ; Yamada, Yuichi ; Oda, Yoshinao. / Correction to : Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9). In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 2020.
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abstract = "In the original article published, the data of AJCC stage.",
author = "Takeshi Iwasaki and Kenichi Kohashi and Yu Toda and Shin Ishihara and Yuichi Yamada and Yoshinao Oda",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology",
T1 - Correction to
T2 - Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK–STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, (2020), 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9)
AU - Iwasaki, Takeshi
AU - Kohashi, Kenichi
AU - Toda, Yu
AU - Ishihara, Shin
AU - Yamada, Yuichi
AU - Oda, Yoshinao
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - In the original article published, the data of AJCC stage.
AB - In the original article published, the data of AJCC stage.
JO - Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
JF - Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology