text:
Annual Newton Road Race a way for family to give back
For Dean Chronopolous, it's all about keeping it close to home.
This will mark the 10th year of the Bill's Pizzeria 5K Road Race (B5K) in Newton, MA. Dean and the entire Chronopoulos family host this event to benefit the Travis Roy Foundation. 10 years ago, Dean's brother Taso became paralyzed in a car accident, and spent time at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston. It was there that the family realized how heavily they would need to rely on the resources around them.
"During Taso's time at Spaulding, we met a lot of people and their families affected by spinal cord injuries," said Dean. "There was a kid who had just come in and was staying in a room next to Taso's. He had sustained a complete C2-C3 injury. The young man barely had any movement below his eyes and face. Foreign born and alone supporting his young family, they were very limited financially and didn't have any resources for help." Dean and his family knew they had to do more. When people mentioned the Travis Roy Foundation, Dean said he remembered Travis's on-ice accident and how he had been recognized as a celebrity with all his accomplishments in the New England area. The local ties to Boston held strong for Dean. "I realized at that moment I needed to learn more about the TRF and figure out what our contributions would be to the spinal cord injury community."
The Chronopoulos family was still unsure of what Taso's future would look like going forward. "We were overwhelmed by supporters and friends wanting to lend a hand where it was needed. They provided emotional and spiritual support as well as physical labor when it came time to help build a wheelchair accessible house for Taso. People just stepped up."
Taso, Kelly, Travis and Dean after the 2014 Bill's Pizzeria 5K Road Race in Newton, MA.
As they all settled in with a new lifestyle and Taso's desire to gain independence, Dean realized there was more work to be done. "We thought we would do one or two events for the TRF. We all wanted to do more for the SCI community and began brainstorming ideas when a family friend who was involved in the running community and had experience in organizing events suggested a road race to raise funds and awareness." The Chronopoulos family has owned Bill's Pizzeria since the 70's. "We all grew up working there and was a very big part of our upbringing. We wanted to incorporate the restaurant with our eagerness to giveback." That desire to help resulted in the first Bill's 5K Road Race in 2006. With their friend Kelly at the helm with guidance and support, and a selfless desire to pull it all together year after year, the B5K has turned into a highly anticipated, annual community event.
"It's all about getting people involved…as many as possible," Dean said. "What's cool about this race is that we have some of the most elite runners. We also have people who have never run a road race but always wanted to. It's competitive, yet comfortable, supportive, and family-friendly. I love watching the families that ran with their young children in baby carriages. Now, 10 years later, they are running along side with them. They come out to support us every year. That's what keeps our fires burning, it's therapeutic to watch and see this amazing event come together."
Each year, Dean is motivated by everyone who steps up and realizes the importance of continuing the mission. "I can't give enough credit to those volunteers who help us organize and pitch in. We're fortunate to be in the Boston area, with the best people and the best hospitals and rehabilitation centers. We are proud to be involved and to give back to the Travis Roy Foundation and the SCI community. I'm happy to do this little part, and even this little part helps make a big difference."
If you haven't registered for the Bill's Pizzeria 5K Road Race on Sunday, October 25, do it today!
« Back To All News


text:
Q: Web form is not updating tables, why? I have a web application and on page is an update page to update some profile information.  Below is the code I am using to update the table.  But I think it is wrong.  Does anything stick out?  The connection string works cause it is used to read the database to get the profile information, I just removed it due to it containing password/login info for the db.
player is the class of properties that contains player information and ds is the dataset, but I would like to update the database itself online...
 Dim connectionString As String = ""

 Dim GigsterDBConnection As New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString)
 GigsterDBConnection.Open()
 Dim updatetoursql As String = "UPDATE PLAYERS SET FIRSTNAME = '" & player.FIRSTNAME & "', LASTNAME =  '" & player.LASTNAME & "', ADDRESS = '" & player.ADDRESS & "', CITY =  '" & player.CITY & "', ZIP = '" & player.ZIP & "', PHONE =  '" & player.PHONE & "', EMAIL = '" & player.EMAIL & "', REFFEREDBY =  '" & player.REFEREDBY & "' "

 updatetoursql = updatetoursql & "PLAYERID = '" & player.PLAYERID & "';"

 Dim cmd As New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand(updatetoursql, GigsterDBConnection)
 Dim sqlAdapter As New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter(cmd)
 sqlAdapter.Update(ds, "PLAYERS")

I think the issue is something the 3 last lines of the code.  am I doing it right or is their a better way?
Thanks

A: Well, apart from the glaring SQL injection issues waiting to bite you ..... (hint: use parametrized queries instead of concatenating together your SQL statement!!)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand(updatetoursql, GigsterDBConnection)
Dim sqlAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter(cmd)

The problem here is: if you call the SqlDataAdapter constructor this way, what you're passing in is the select command (of the data adapter) - not the update command!
You need to do it this way:
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand(updatetoursql, GigsterDBConnection)
Dim sqlAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
sqlAdapter.UpdateCommand = cmd;

Now you've associated your UPDATE statement with the SqlDataAdapter.UpdateCommand and now it should work.
About the SQL injection: I'd strongly recommend using parametrized queries all the time - at least in production code. So instead of concatenating together your query, use this:
Dim updatetoursql As String =
   "UPDATE PLAYERS SET FIRSTNAME = @FirstName, LASTNAME = @LastName, " &
   "ADDRESS = @Address, CITY = @City, ZIP = @Zip, PHONE = @Phone " &
   "EMAIL = @EMail, REFFEREDBY = @ReferredBy, PLAYERID = @PlayerID"

and then before you execute the command or the SqlDataAdapter.Update statement, set those parameters to the values you have. This is much safer and gives you less headaches and possibly even speed improvements (if that single Update query is only cached once in SQL Server memory).
Also, why go the long and complicated way of a SqlDataAdapter at all??
After you've created the SqlCommand and set all the parameters, just call cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); and you're done!
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand(updatetoursql, GigsterDBConnection)

// set up the parameters here.....
cmd.Parameters.AddWithvalue("@FirstName", FirstName);
... etc.

// just call ExecuteNonQuery - and you're done!
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

A: The big thing that jumps up at me is how open to SQL Injection attacks this code is.
You should not build a SQL string in this manner, but use parameterized queries.
Other then that, you are constructing your adapter incorrectly, as the constructor will take the select command, not the update command. Create the command with the parameterless constructor then assign the command you have created to the UpdateCommand property.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is the secret to getting these higher scores of 600+? The highest I have been able to get is around 300, and I noticed some people are able to get more than double that. Is there a special time or day to play to get double or tripple scores, or do some players get special privileges of their scores automatically doubling or tripling? Anyone have any ideas or suggestions?


Released for English-speaking audiences back in November 2016, Long, Guitars, and the Nashville Skyline is about road trips, music, and romance. What did I think about this yuri visual novel?
With a new month comes a chance for me to try something different. Lately I've been just been pushing out reviews (along with an occasional award nomination or two), which is fine since that's the only reason most people will visit this blog. However, I think I should be giving my dear readers an idea of where I'm going with these reviews.
2016 truly is The Year of Yuri Visual Novels. Kindred Spirits on the Roof was localized and released in February, for instance, which was then followed by the release of Starlight Vega in April. And now A Little Lily Princess has arrived to the delight of yuri fans everywhere. Hanako Games, the British indie company behind Long Live the Queen, has produced a wonderful VN that does not disappoint.


ReciPress is a great recipe plugin for WordPress. Unfortunately the development has been suspended and the plugin hasn't been updated since June 2012, which is a long time in software development. WordPress itself has seen quite a few major upgrades in that time, so you shouldn't be surprised if things start to break down when updating to the latest and greatest WP version.
Fortunately there are plenty of other recipe plugins out there that are actively being developed (like this one, for example!), but those of you that spent an awful lot of time creating all your recipes probably don't feel like starting over again. That is why we've developed a ReciPress import feature for WP Ultimate Recipe Premium.
That's right: your hard work creating those recipes won't be for nothing. With just a click of the button all of your ReciPress recipes will automatically be converted to WP Ultimate Recipe recipes, without any loss of data.
Admittedly, you'll have to buy the Premium version to get this functionality but play around with the free version first and decide for yourself if this plugin is worth it. The fact that you are paying for something also means that there is an actual business that won't be suspended quite as easily as a hobby project.
Also don't forget that we have a 30 day money-back guarantee, so there's absolutely no risk in trying it out. Try our ReciPress import today!


text:
Problem 307

Chip Defects

<var>k</var> defects are randomly distributed amongst <var>n</var>
integrated-circuit chips produced by a factory (any number of defects
may be found on a chip and each defect is independent of the other
defects).

Let p(<var>k,n</var>) represent the probability that there is a chip with at least 3 defects.

For instance p(3,7)  0.0204081633.

Find p(20 000, 1 000 000) and give your answer rounded to 10 decimal places in the form 0.abcdefghij

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


First published in Italian in 2008 and appearing here in English for the first time, Janus's Gaze is the culmination of Carlo Galli's ongoing critique of the work of Carl Schmitt. Galli argues that Schmitt's main accomplishment, as well as the thread that unifies his oeuvre, is his construction of a genealogy of the modern that explains how modernity's compulsory drive to achieve order is both necessary and impossible. Galli addresses five key problems in Schmitt's thought: his relation to the state, the significance of his concept of political theology, his readings of Machiavelli and Spinoza, his relation to Leo Strauss, and his relevance for contemporary political theory. Galli emphasizes the importance of passing through Schmitt's thought—and, more important, beyond Schmitt's thought—if we are to achieve insight into the problems of the global age. Adam Sitze provides an illuminating introduction to Schmitt and Galli's reading of him.
Carlo Galli is Professor of History of Political Theory at the University of Bologna and the author of many books, including Political Spaces and Global War.
Adam Sitze is Associate Professor of Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Thought at Amherst College and the coeditor of Biopolitics: A Reader, also published by Duke University Press.
Amanda Minervini is Visiting Assistant Professor of Italian at Colorado College and translator of Nymphs by Giorgio Agamben.


Extract of sample "In networking protocol,open shortest path first(OSPF)protocol is better than routing information protocol(RIP)because,it converges the network faults,uses the shortest path first(SPF) algorithm and error detection"
A router will send packets to its neighborhood routers so as to trace their positions and status. These packets are referred to as hello packets since they are sent to check how the neighboring routers are doing. For OSPF routers, they have both hello and dead time intervals being exchanged. Various manufacturers of the routers have designed them differently such that, there is a set number hello messages sent to the router, after which if it doesn't respond, it is considered dead (Kamalakannan, Venkatesh, & Mohan, 2014).
In an OSPF topology, the network is divided into areas and uses link state packets (LSP) to update each of its surrounding routers with the corresponding cost. OSPF has high scalability due to its ability to send seven different messages which are used to identify the proximity to the neighbors and also exchange information with the neighbors (Thorenoor, 2010).
In Networking protocol,open Shortest Path first(OSPF)protocol Is Research Paper. https://studentshare.org/information-technology/1656785-in-networking-protocolopen-shortest-path-firstospfprotocol-is-better-than-routing-information-protocolripbecauseit-converges-the-network-faultsuses-the-shortest-path-firstspf-algorithm-and-error-detection.
"In Networking protocol,open Shortest Path first(OSPF)protocol Is Research Paper", n.d. https://studentshare.org/information-technology/1656785-in-networking-protocolopen-shortest-path-firstospfprotocol-is-better-than-routing-information-protocolripbecauseit-converges-the-network-faultsuses-the-shortest-path-firstspf-algorithm-and-error-detection.
Let us write or edit the research paper on your topic "In networking protocol,open shortest path first(OSPF)protocol is better than routing information protocol(RIP)because,it converges the network faults,uses the shortest path first(SPF) algorithm and error detection" with a personal 20% discount.
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text:
using MiscUtil;
using NUnit.Framework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Testity.EngineMath.UnitTests
{
	[TestFixture]
	public static class GenericVectorTests
	{
		[Test]
		[TestCase(1, typeof(int))]
		[TestCase(1.0f, typeof(float))]
		[TestCase(1.0d, typeof(double))]
		[TestCase('a', typeof(char))]
		[TestCase((byte)55, typeof(byte))]
		public static void Test_NUnit_AbilityTo_Infer_Type<TMathType>(TMathType i, Type expectedType)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			Assert.AreEqual(typeof(TMathType), expectedType, "NUnit failed to infer Type: {0}", expectedType);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<TMathType> type intialization/ctor.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase('a', '0', '&')]
		[TestCase(byte.MaxValue, byte.MinValue, (byte)50)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Init<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c) //NUnit can infer best fit type
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>();
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Three = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Four = new Vector3<TMathType>();
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Five = new Vector3<TMathType>();

			vec3Two.Set(vec3.x, vec3.y, vec3.z);
			//four
			vec3Four.x = a;
			vec3Four.y = b;
			vec3Four.z = c;
			//five
			vec3Five[0] = a;
			vec3Five[1] = b;
			vec3Five[2] = c;

			var vecCollection = new List<Vector3<TMathType>>() { vec3, vec3Two, vec3Four, vec3Five };

			//assert
			foreach(var v in vecCollection)
			{
				//these should all be equal
				foreach(var v2 in vecCollection)
					Assert.IsTrue(v == v2);

				Assert.AreEqual(v.x, a, nameof(Vector3<TMathType>) + " failed to initialize x value.");
				Assert.AreEqual(v.y, b, nameof(Vector3<TMathType>) + " failed to initialize y value.");
				Assert.AreEqual(v.z, c, nameof(Vector3<TMathType>) + " failed to initialize z value.");
			}

			//Make sure last one init to default value
			Assert.AreEqual(Operator<TMathType>.Zero, vec3Three.z);

			//Don't check z
			for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
				Assert.AreEqual(vec3[i], vec3Three[i]);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<float> invalid index accessing.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<float>))]
		[TestCase(3)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue)]
		[TestCase(int.MinValue)]
		[TestCase(-1)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Out_Of_Range_Index(int invalidIndex)
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<float> vec3 = new Vector3<float>();

			Assert.Throws<IndexOutOfRangeException>(() => { float val = vec3[invalidIndex]; } );
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<TMathType> type addition operator.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Addition<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c) //NUnit can infer best fit type
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(c, a, b);

			//act
			Vector3<TMathType> resultOne = vec3One + vec3Two;
			Vector3<TMathType> resultTwo = vec3Two + vec3One;

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(resultOne, resultTwo);
			//We test a couple variations of the addition. Should be enough.
			Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Add(a, c), resultOne.x);
			Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Add(a, c), resultTwo.x);
			Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Add(b, a), resultOne.y);
			Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Add(b, a), resultTwo.y);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<TMathType> type addition operator.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Subtraction<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c) //NUnit can infer best fit type
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(c, a, b);

			//operand pairs
			IEnumerable<Tuple<TMathType, TMathType>> operandPairs =
				new List<Tuple<TMathType, TMathType>>()
				{
					new Tuple<TMathType, TMathType>(a, c), new Tuple<TMathType, TMathType>(b, a),
					new Tuple<TMathType, TMathType>(c, b)
				};

			//act
			Vector3<TMathType> resultOne = vec3One - vec3Two;

			//assert
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
				Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Subtract(operandPairs.ElementAt(i).Item1, operandPairs.ElementAt(i).Item2), resultOne[i]);
	}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<TMathType> type multiplcation dot operator.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_MultiplicationDot<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c) //NUnit can infer best fit type
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(c, a, b);
			List<dynamic> manualDotProduct = new List<dynamic>(3);

			//manually compute the dot product
			manualDotProduct.Add((dynamic)a * (dynamic)c);
			manualDotProduct.Add((dynamic)b * (dynamic)a);
			manualDotProduct.Add((dynamic)c * (dynamic)b);

			TMathType dotResult = (dynamic)a * (dynamic)c + (dynamic)b * (dynamic)a + (dynamic)c * (dynamic)b;

			//act
			//tests * operator for dot mutiplication
			TMathType resultOne = (TMathType)typeof(Vector3Extensions).GetMethod("Dot", new Type[] { typeof(Vector3<TMathType>), typeof(Vector3<TMathType>) }, null)
				.Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3One, vec3Two });

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(dotResult, resultOne, (dynamic)Vector3<TMathType>.kEpsilon);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector3<TMathType> type multiplication against a scaler.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Multiplcation_With_Scalar<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c) //NUnit can infer best fit type
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			List<TMathType> parameters = new List<TMathType>() { a, b, c };

			//act
			//test both overloads
			Vector3<TMathType> resultA = a * vec3;
			Vector3<TMathType> resultB = vec3 * b;
			Vector3<TMathType> resultC = c * vec3;

			List<Vector3<TMathType>> results = new List<Vector3<TMathType>>() { resultA, resultB, resultC };

			//assert
			//foreach result we need to manually check the math
			for (int i = 0; i < results.Count; i++)
				for (int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
					Assert.AreEqual(results[i][index], Operator.Multiply(parameters[i], vec3[index]));
		}

		//this is needed to verify that TMathType is being handled correctly.
		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<int> non-generic scalar multiplication.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4, 0, 0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4, 5, -5, 15, 20)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 6, 9)]
		[TestCase(0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_NonGeneric_Multiplication_With_Scalar(int a, int b, int c, int scale, int resultA, int resultB, int resultC)
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<int> vec3 = new Vector3<int>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<int> expectedResult = new Vector3<int>(resultA, resultB, resultC);

			//act
			Vector3<int> result = scale * vec3;

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(result, expectedResult);
			Assert.AreEqual(result.x, scale * a);
			Assert.AreEqual(result.y, scale * b);
			Assert.AreEqual(result.z, scale * c);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> static direction vectors.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		//forward
		[TestCase(0, 0, 1, nameof(Vector3<int>.forward))] //int
		[TestCase(0f, 0f, 1f, nameof(Vector3<float>.forward))] //float
		[TestCase(0d, 0d, 1d, nameof(Vector3<double>.forward))] //double

		//back
		[TestCase(0, 0, -1, nameof(Vector3<int>.back))] //int
		[TestCase(0f, 0f, -1f, nameof(Vector3<float>.back))] //float
		[TestCase(0d, 0d, -1d, nameof(Vector3<double>.back))] //double

		//up
		[TestCase(0, 1, 0, nameof(Vector3<int>.up))] //int
		[TestCase(0f, 1f, 0f, nameof(Vector3<float>.up))] //float
		[TestCase(0d, 1d, 0d, nameof(Vector3<double>.up))] //double

		//down
		[TestCase(0, -1, 0, nameof(Vector3<int>.down))] //int
		[TestCase(0f, -1f, 0f, nameof(Vector3<float>.down))] //float
		[TestCase(0d, -1d, 0d, nameof(Vector3<double>.down))] //double

		//left
		[TestCase(-1, 0, 0, nameof(Vector3<int>.left))] //int
		[TestCase(-1f, 0f, 0f, nameof(Vector3<float>.left))] //float
		[TestCase(-1d, 0d, 0d, nameof(Vector3<double>.left))] //double

		//right
		[TestCase(1, 0, 0, nameof(Vector3<int>.right))] //int
		[TestCase(1f, 0f, 0f, nameof(Vector3<float>.right))] //float
		[TestCase(1d, 0d, 0d, nameof(Vector3<double>.right))] //double

		//one (not really a unit direction)
		[TestCase(1, 1, 1, nameof(Vector3<int>.one))] //int
		[TestCase(1f, 1f, 1f, nameof(Vector3<float>.one))] //float
		[TestCase(1d, 1d, 1d, nameof(Vector3<double>.one))] //double

		//zero
		[TestCase(0, 0, 0, nameof(Vector3<int>.zero))] //int
		[TestCase(0f, 0f, 0f, nameof(Vector3<float>.zero))] //float
		[TestCase(0d, 0d, 0d, nameof(Vector3<double>.zero))] //double
		[TestCase((char)0, (char)0, (char)0, nameof(Vector3<char>.zero))] //char
		[TestCase((byte)0, (byte)0, (byte)0, nameof(Vector3<byte>.zero))] //byte
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Directions<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c, string directionName) //pass in expected values
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			//grabs the property that corresponds to the string in the test case
			PropertyInfo vecDirectionProperty = typeof(Vector3<TMathType>).GetProperty(directionName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static
				| BindingFlags.GetProperty);

			if (vecDirectionProperty == null)
				Assert.Fail("Tried to find property named {0} but couldn't. {1} was null.", directionName, nameof(vecDirectionProperty));

			//act
			Vector3<TMathType> vecDirection = (Vector3<TMathType>)vecDirectionProperty.GetValue(null, null);

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(vecDirection, new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c));
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> magnitude methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(1,1,1,3)]
		[TestCase(2, 2, 2, 12)]
		[TestCase(2f, 2f, 2f, 12f)]
		[TestCase(2d, 2d, 2d, 12d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 2.5d, 6.7d, 1d + 2.5d * 2.5d + 6.7d * 6.7d)]
		[TestCase(-1d, -2.5d, -6.7d, 1d + 2.5d * 2.5d + 6.7d * 6.7d)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Magnitude<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c, TMathType expectedResult)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);

			//act
			//test both static and instance computations
			dynamic result = (dynamic)GrabExtensionMethod<Vector3<TMathType>>(typeof(Vector3Extensions), "SqrMagnitude").Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3 });
			dynamic resultSquared = (dynamic)GrabExtensionMethod<Vector3<TMathType>>(typeof(Vector3Extensions), "Magnitude").Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3 });
			dynamic computedSqr = Math.Sqrt((dynamic)expectedResult);

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(result, expectedResult, "Failed to compute magnitude with {0}:{1}:{2}.", a, b, c);
			if(computedSqr.GetType() == resultSquared.GetType())
				Assert.AreEqual(Math.Sqrt((dynamic)expectedResult), resultSquared, "Failed to compute magnitude with {0}:{1}:{2}.", a, b, c);
			else
				Assert.AreEqual(Convert.ChangeType(Math.Sqrt((dynamic)expectedResult), resultSquared.GetType()), resultSquared, "Failed to compute magnitude with {0}:{1}:{2}.", a, b, c);
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> equivalence methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		//test zeros
		[TestCase(0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(0f, 0f, 0f)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0d, 0d)]
		//positives
		[TestCase(1, 3, 5)]
		[TestCase(1.3f, 3.7f, 5.999f)]
		[TestCase(1.3d, 3.7d, 5.999d)]
		//negatives
		[TestCase(1, -3, 5)]
		[TestCase(-1.3f, 3.7f, 5.999f)]
		[TestCase(1.3d, 3.7d, -5.999d)]
		//odd cases
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, 0)]
		[TestCase(float.Epsilon, float.NaN, float.MaxValue)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.Epsilon, double.MinValue)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Equals<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = vec3One;

			Assert.AreEqual(vec3One, vec3Two,
				"Equivalence for {0} is not working for values {0}:{1}:{2}", nameof(Vector3<TMathType>), a, b, c);

#pragma warning disable CS1718 // Comparison made to same variable
			Assert.IsTrue(vec3Two == vec3Two);
			Assert.IsFalse(vec3Two != vec3Two);
#pragma warning restore CS1718 // Comparison made to same variable

			Assert.IsTrue(vec3Two == vec3One);
			Assert.IsFalse(vec3Two != vec3One);

			Assert.IsTrue(vec3Two.Equals(vec3One));
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> equivalence methods when not equal.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(0,0,0 ,0,0,1)]
		[TestCase(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1)]
		[TestCase(1.5f, 1.3f, 1.5f, 1.2f, 3.6f, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Equals_When_Not_Equal<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c,
			TMathType d, TMathType e, TMathType f)
				where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(d, e, f);

			//assert
			Assert.IsFalse(vec3One == vec3Two);
			Assert.IsFalse(vec3Two == vec3One);
			Assert.IsTrue(vec3Two != vec3One);
			Assert.IsFalse(vec3Two.Equals(vec3One));
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> negation methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Negate<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);

			//acrt
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Negated = -vec3;

			//assert
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
				Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Negate(vec3[i]), vec3Negated[i], "Negation for Type: {0} failed for values {1}:{2}:{3}.", nameof(Vector3<TMathType>), a, b, c);
		}

		//int vectors don't work. Can't normalize them.
		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> normalization methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(1f,2f,3f)]
		[TestCase(1.005f, 5.6f, 2.4f)]
		[TestCase(1d, 2d, 3d)]
		[TestCase(1.33d, 2.5343d, 3.643d)]
		[TestCase(0.00000001f, 0.00000001f, 0.00000001f)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Normalize<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);

			//act
			//Can't directly call extension method. Cast to dynamic for testing purposes only
	Vector3<TMathType> nVec3 = (Vector3<TMathType>)GrabExtensionMethod<Vector3<TMathType>>(typeof(Vector3Extensions), "Normalized")
				.Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3 });

			//assert
			//Asserts that 1 is equal to the magnitude
			if (Operator<TMathType>.GreaterThan(InvokeVector3ExtensionMethod("SqrMagnitude", vec3), Vector3<TMathType>.kEpsilon))
	{
				Assert.AreEqual(Operator.Convert<TMathType, double>(Operator.AddAlternative(Operator<TMathType>.Zero, 1d)), InvokeVector3ExtensionMethod("SqrMagnitude", nVec3),
					(dynamic)Vector3<TMathType>.kEpsilon);
			}
			else
				Assert.AreEqual(Operator<TMathType>.Zero, InvokeVector3ExtensionMethod("SqrMagnitude", nVec3)); //if the vector was too small the new magnitude is 0.
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> min method.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		//Don't expect these odd values to compare properly. They represent non-value value types essentially.
		//[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		//[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		//[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		//[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		//[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase((byte)5, (byte)7, (byte)255)]
		[TestCase('a', '6', '&')]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Min<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{

			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(b, c, a);

			//act
			Vector3<TMathType> minVec3 = Vector3<TMathType>.Min(vec3One, vec3Two);
			//must cast back to TMathType or char fails as it is like a ushort or something.
			Vector3<TMathType> minVec3Manual = new Vector3<TMathType>((TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Min((dynamic)vec3One.x, (dynamic)vec3Two.x),
				(TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Min((dynamic)vec3One.y, (dynamic)vec3Two.y), (TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Min((dynamic)vec3One.z, (dynamic)vec3Two.z));

			//Assert
			//use dynamic DLR to test this without depending on anything else.
			for (int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
				Assert.AreEqual((dynamic)Math.Min((dynamic)vec3One[index], (dynamic)vec3Two[index]), minVec3[index]);
			Assert.AreEqual(minVec3Manual, minVec3);

			//check if equal values first
			for (int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
				if (!Operator.Equal(vec3One[index], vec3Two[index]))
					Assert.AreNotEqual((dynamic)Math.Max((dynamic)vec3One[index], (dynamic)vec3Two[index]), minVec3[index]); //check that the max value isn't equal to the min.x
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> max method.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		//Don't expect these odd values to compare properly. They represent non-value value types essentially.
		//[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NaN)]
		//[TestCase(double.MaxValue, double.MinValue, double.Epsilon)]
		//[TestCase(int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, -0)]
		//[TestCase(float.NegativeInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity, float.NaN)]
		//[TestCase(float.MaxValue, float.MinValue, float.Epsilon)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase((byte)5, (byte)7, (byte)255)]
		[TestCase('a', '6', '&')]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Max<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{

			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(b, c, a);

			//act
			Vector3<TMathType> maxVec3 = Vector3<TMathType>.Max(vec3One, vec3Two);
			//must cast back to TMathType or char fails as it is like a ushort or something.
			Vector3<TMathType> maxVec3Manual = new Vector3<TMathType>((TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Max((dynamic)vec3One.x, (dynamic)vec3Two.x),
				(TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Max((dynamic)vec3One.y, (dynamic)vec3Two.y), (TMathType)(dynamic)Math.Max((dynamic)vec3One.z, (dynamic)vec3Two.z));

			//Assert
			//use dynamic DLR to test this without depending on anything else.
			for(int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
				Assert.AreEqual((dynamic)Math.Max((dynamic)vec3One[index], (dynamic)vec3Two[index]), maxVec3[index]);

			Assert.AreEqual(maxVec3Manual, maxVec3);

			//check if equal values first
			for(int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
				if (!Operator.Equal(vec3One[index], vec3Two[index]))
					Assert.AreNotEqual((dynamic)Math.Min((dynamic)vec3One[index], (dynamic)vec3Two[index]), maxVec3[index]); //check that the max value isn't equal to the min.x
		}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> scaling methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		//[TestCase((byte)5, (byte)7, (byte)255)] //byte cannot be scaled. Doesn't implement * operator for some reason
		//[TestCase('a', '6', '&')] //char cannot be scaled
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Scales<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3 = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			dynamic[] vals = new dynamic[] { a, b, c };

			//act
			vec3 = (dynamic)typeof(Vector3Extensions).GetMethod("Scale", new Type[] { typeof(Vector3<TMathType>), typeof(Vector3<TMathType>) })
				.Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3, vec3 });

			//assert
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
				Assert.AreEqual(vals[i] * vals[i], vec3[i]);
	}

		[Test(Author = "Andrew Blakely", Description = "Tests Vector<TMathType> distance methods.", TestOf = typeof(Vector3<>))]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5f, 7.6f)]
		[TestCase(1, 3, -4)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
		[TestCase(-0, 0, 0)]
		[TestCase(-5.3f, 6.5d, 7.6d)]
		[TestCase(5.3f, 6.5d, -7.6d)]
		[TestCase(1d, 3d, -4d)]
		[TestCase(-1, 3, 4)]
		[TestCase(1, 2, 3d)]
		[TestCase(0d, 0, 0)]
		public static void Test_Vector3_Generic_Distance<TMathType>(TMathType a, TMathType b, TMathType c)
			where TMathType : struct, IComparable<TMathType>, IEquatable<TMathType>
		{
			//arrange
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3One = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, b, c);
			Vector3<TMathType> vec3Two = new Vector3<TMathType>(a, c, a);
			MethodInfo distanceMethodInfo = typeof(Vector3Extensions).GetMethod("Distance", new Type[] { typeof(Vector3<TMathType>), typeof(Vector3<TMathType>) }, null);

			//act
			double distanceZero = (dynamic)distanceMethodInfo.Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3One, vec3One }); //should be 0
			double distance = (dynamic)distanceMethodInfo.Invoke(null, new object[] { vec3One, vec3Two });

			//assert
			Assert.AreEqual(distanceZero, 0d);
			Assert.AreEqual(distance, InvokeVector3ExtensionMethod("Magnitude", (vec3Two - vec3One)), (dynamic)Vector3<TMathType>.kEpsilon);
		}

		private static dynamic InvokeVector3ExtensionMethod<TParameterType>(string methodName, TParameterType objVal)
		{
			return GrabExtensionMethodWithInvoke(typeof(Vector3Extensions), methodName, objVal);
		}

		private static MethodInfo GrabExtensionMethod<TParameterType>(Type extensionClassType, string methodName)
		{
			return extensionClassType
				.GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, new Type[] { typeof(TParameterType) }, null);
		}

		private static dynamic GrabExtensionMethodWithInvoke<TParameterType>(Type extensionClassType, string methodName, TParameterType objVal)
		{
			return extensionClassType
				.GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, new Type[] { typeof(TParameterType) }, null).Invoke(null, new object[] { objVal });
		}
	}
}


text:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2021/01/why-the-loss-of-an-iconic-radio-telescope-is-painfully-personal.html
Why the loss of an iconic radio telescope is painfully personal
The Arecibo Observatory was not only a window to the universe, but also a treasured second home to the Drake family.
Frank Drake observes a solar eclipse in 1977. Drake moved his family to Puerto Rico when he was appointed director of the Arecibo Observatory in 1966—and he's been enchanted with the island ever since.
By Nadia Drake
On the first day of December 2020, dawn in Puerto Rico was spectacular. The skies blazed in shades of lilac and dusky rose, and the rising sun cast a warm glow on a giant radio telescope nestled among the karst mountains near the island's northern shore.
Now, when the sun climbs over those mountains, it shines on the tangled ruins of a scientific and cultural treasure.
For nearly six decades, the Arecibo Observatory was Earth's largest window to the cosmos. Its mammoth, 1,000-foot-wide dish made it exquisitely sensitive, able to capture radio waves that wash over Earth with just a millionth of the energy in a falling snowflake. High above the dish, an enormous 900-ton platform held the equipment needed to focus those radio waves, including a dome filled with a complex reflector system—a structure large enough to engulf a four-story house.
But as the sky brightened on that lavender morning, a crucial cable suspending the platform ruptured—and then another broke, and then another. With an enormous roar, the floating platform slipped out of the morning sun and hurtled toward the shaded jungle floor.
Arecibo's great dish is seen nestled among the rocky hills of northern Puerto Rico on February 13, 2018. FEMA personnel took this aerial photo as they assessed damage to the island's infrastructure following Hurricanes Irma and Maria.
Photograph by AB Forces News Collection, Alamy Stock Photo
When it fell, the thin-skinned dome smashed through the dish and crumpled. The triangular platform swung violently into a rock face and sagged as it came to rest at the cliff's base. The tops of the three support towers snapped off, sending concrete cascading into nearby ravines and parking lots, while plummeting cables lashed the dish and nearby buildings. A catwalk to the platform disintegrated, sending metal and concrete raining down like grotesque confetti.
From the observatory's control room, Ángel Vázquez—chief of telescope operations and an observatory employee for more than 40 years—watched as the platform fell. "We heard a loud sound, a loud bang outside the control room, and ... we started to see the eventual downfall of the observatory," Vazquez said in a video posted on Twitter. "My whole life has been at the observatory."
Nearby, scientist Jonathan Friedman heard a terrible rumble and ran to the crest of a nearby hill. He looked toward the towers, saw a cloud of dust and emptiness, and started screaming.
And I saw a tweet go by reporting that the Arecibo platform "acaba de colapsar"—had just collapsed. It was news I'd been dreading, a story I did not want to write.
I've seen the same kind of golden light that illuminated Arecibo the morning the telescope collapsed. And I've watched as dusk washed over the Puerto Rican mountains, summoning the coquí tree frogs to sing their nightly chorus. Each time I said goodbye to the telescope, I thought it would be waiting when I returned.
For many Puerto Ricans, astronomers, and space enthusiasts, Arecibo was more than a telescope. Like the monuments and cathedrals that humans revere, Arecibo's value transcended its utility. The observatory was potently symbolic, almost sacred, and it has been a part of my family history for more than half a century—a home for my father, and a cherished part of his work as an astronomer. My parents love Puerto Rico, their window to the stars, and over the decades, they shared that love with their growing family.
A titan rises
"The first time I visited Arecibo was in 1964," says Frank Drake, my dad and a former observatory director. In the early 1960s, Dad was best known for conducting Project Ozma, the first scientific search for communicating extraterrestrials, and for the Drake Equation, a formula that estimates how many alien civilizations are detectable in the Milky Way galaxy.
After a sojourn at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Dad joined the faculty at Cornell University, which managed Arecibo. Cornell sent him to the Caribbean to check out the one-year-old telescope, an instrument that seemed blatantly improbable when Dad first heard it described—especially the instrument platform hanging 50 stories above the dish.
"Hanging from what?" he recalls asking in his 1992 autobiography, Is Anyone Out There?, co-written with Dava Sobel. Seeing the telescope in person made it no less improbable, Dad says. He describes it as looking like "an alien visitation" in a steamy landscape—an otherworldly apparition among the rainforested mountains.
"It's just stunning. It was so large," Dad says. The observatory soon became a second home for him, and he would come to treasure Puerto Rico's frequent rainstorms, piña coladas, and the fiery-flowered Delonix regia trees lining the roads to the observatory.
Amahl Drake worked at the National Academy of Sciences before moving to Cornell University in the 1970s, where she helped Frank Drake—then the director of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center—as he managed the Arecibo Observatory.
Funded by the Department of Defense, Arecibo was always an audacious instrument, completely unlike anything else on Earth when it was built. Crafting the titan was a team effort, and the same firms that designed the St. Louis's Gateway Arch and Los Angeles's Dodger Stadium helped design the telescope.
The observatory's primary purpose was to search for signs of Cold War-era projectiles streaking through Earth's ionosphere—a sheath of charged particles high above the Earth's surface. Not much was known about our planet's upper atmosphere at the time, so the facility included a powerful radar that could peer through the layers shrouding Earth and sniff out any disturbances.
"At the time, it was realized that this could be a major radio telescope, and the design was made so it could serve that purpose as well," Dad says. When he arrived, the facility's radar worked well, but the dish's surface was essentially covered in chicken wire fencing, making it too wavy for precise observations of astronomical phenomena such as planetary nebulae, star forming regions, and some distant galaxies.
"I remember taking one look at the reflector dish and thinking, Oh, there's a lot of improvements that need to be made here," Dad says. He spent his early visits recruiting experts to upgrade the observatory's hardware, commuting between the island and upstate New York.
This aerial view shows damage to the Arecibo Observatory on November 19, 2020, after two cables broke and punctured the dish. Less than a month later, the structure collapsed.
Photograph by Ricardo Arduengo, AFP via Getty Images
"A one-way ticket from Kennedy [airport] to San Juan was $45—and you didn't even have to buy it in advance. You could just show up," Dad says. "I could get from home in Ithaca to Arecibo in seven hours."
He didn't mind the constant trips. Working at the observatory was a dream. Built in a tropical paradise, the giant radio dish had the potential to be a world-class facility—and Dad was determined to help it reach that potential. The observatory staff, who were recruited largely from the island, were eager to work on the telescope; even early in its history, Arecibo was an exciting project for the U.S. territory.
Shepherding a giant
In 1966, Cornell appointed Dad to a two-year term as observatory director. He moved his family into a house on the edge of the city of Arecibo, and my three brothers quickly learned several Spanish dialects. The boys loved going to the beach, but they also loved visiting the telescope—often as a special treat on the weekends.
"I was happy and proud," Dad says, "and thought everything was going to be smooth, which it was."
During those years, scientists aimed Arecibo at Mercury and discerned that the tiny planet spins once on its axis every 59 days—not every 88 days, as expected. Using the radar to map the lunar surface, they helped NASA's Apollo program select landing sites for the moon-bound astronauts. Later, Arecibo produced the first maps of Venus.
They pointed Arecibo at newly discovered and mysterious objects that emitted pulses of radio waves—soon to be known as pulsars—to help reveal that they were natural sources rather than artificial messages from faraway civilizations. Additional work determined the pulsation rate of the Crab Pulsar, one of the best-known of these spinning stellar lighthouses.
Dad and his team also helped the Pentagon conduct a few classified tests to figure out whether pulses of electromagnetic radiation could disable radars as powerful as Arecibo's.
Fifty years ago, as my brothers climbed all over the giant telescope in the mountains, Arecibo was thriving. It had a healthy budget, support from the National Science Foundation, and at least one devoted member of Congress: John Davis, from Georgia, who chaired the committee in charge of determining NSF's budget.
During multiple trips to the island, Davis had become enamored with the observatory and with Puerto Rico.
"He thought the observatory was just amazing," Dad says, recalling the congressman's annual visits and his fondness for piña coladas.
By 1974, Dad was in charge of Cornell's National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, which managed the telescope—a position he held for more than a decade. That year, with generous funding from NSF, he oversaw the replacement of the lumpy chicken wire with gleaming aluminum panels, an upgrade that made the telescope much more capable.
Those panels also gave the telescope the ability to listen for missives from chatty extraterrestrials—a search that would fix Arecibo in the public's consciousness, in part thanks to its starring role in Carl Sagan's novel Contact. The observatory also had a new, extremely powerful radar installed that could scrutinize solar system bodies and determine the precise paths of asteroids on potentially catastrophic collision courses with Earth.
Arecibo commemorated the upgrades to the telescope with a festive ceremony, emceed by Congressman Davis, and Dad marked the occasion by transmitting an interstellar message to a clump of stars called the Great Cluster in Hercules. He knew it would likely be a one-way postcard, with an estimated delivery time of 25,000 years, but that didn't matter—Arecibo was finally a world-class instrument, a facility that would continue to make crucial astronomical observations for nearly 50 more years.
Arecibo's golden jubilee
I don't remember the first time I visited Arecibo. It was the early 1980s, and I was just a few months old. Dad was still in charge of managing the observatory, and Mom was his assistant—and they couldn't wait to introduce their baby girl to the island, the music, and the people they loved.
"I took you and dipped your feet in the ocean," Dad told me. "There's a tradition that if you do that, you'll come back to Puerto Rico."
In 2013, the Arecibo Observatory celebrated its 50th anniversary. Frank and Nadia Drake were there for the science and festivities, neither imagining that the telescope would lie in ruins seven years later.
And I did go back, eager to see our old friend in the mountains. In 2013, Dad and I went to the observatory's 50th anniversary party—a week of dancing and science. While Dad drove us up to the site, taking the curves in the still-familiar road just a little too fast, I peered out the window at three enormous towers rising above lumpy limestone hills like sentinels from another age. Improbably suspended between them was the floating platform—the telescope's nerve center.
That week, Dad and I rode the cable car up to the platform, poked our yellow hard hats over the edge, and peeked at the dish hundreds of feet below. Decades earlier, Dad had calculated that it could hold 357 million boxes of cornflakes, and he grumbled that the giant cereal bowl could use some sprucing up after all these years. Jungle mold, he said, is dreadfully persistent.
We trotted back down the suspended catwalk—an alternate route to the platform that has reportedly hosted at least one motorcycle-riding scientist. Dad went off to a science meeting, and I slid beneath the dish where a lush wonderland of grasses, ferns, and orchids binds up the soil and keeps it from eroding.
In the evenings, I chatted with current staff, former directors, and observatory guards who still remembered Dad as a much younger, but similarly white-haired and mischievous, astronomer from the mainland. I heard stories from scientists who'd used the telescope to discover the first exoplanets and detect the first evidence for gravitational waves—and, in a twist, a clandestine nuclear test off the southern coast of Africa.
"Nobody was supposed to know this had happened, but the event created a wave in the ionosphere—like an ocean wave—which went all the way around the Earth," Dad says.
For a long time, not much slipped beyond Arecibo's notice. From its perch among Puerto Rico's limestone caves and waterfalls, "Cornell's Sensitive Giant" was powerful enough to pick up the faintest whispers from the cosmos.
Frank Drake poses for a portrait at his home in Aptos, California, on February 27, 2015. Drake created the Arecibo Message—a simple binary message broadcast into space from the Arecibo Observatory in 1974. The message encodes several things: the numbers 1 to 10, the basic chemistry of life on Earth, the double helix structure of DNA, Earth's population, a graphic of the solar system, a human figure, and a graphic of Arecibo itself.
Photograph by Ramin Rahimian for The Washington Post via Getty Images
We didn't go see the telescope the last time I was in Puerto Rico. I flew down in 2019 with my partner Scott—an astronomer—for a meeting about Arecibo's future in Old San Juan, about 60 miles from the radio dish. The observatory, which had faced years of threatened budget cuts, was now under new management, and the dish had finally been spruced up. I wanted to go see the mold-free dish and visit a favorite swimming hole near the Arecibo lighthouse, but we decided to spend a day in San Juan instead.
I threw on a pair of bell-bottoms and an off-the-shoulder blouse, channeling my mom in the 1970s, and we spent hours walking Old San Juan's cobbled streets. We visited La Perla, the site of some of Dad's shenanigans a half-century earlier, and watched the kites flying above the green near the city's old fort.
We thought we'd be back soon enough, and I made Scott promise we'd go see the telescope next time.
A lost cathedral to science
In the weeks leading up to Arecibo's collapse, the telescope's condition grew increasingly dire. After evaluating the structure, engineers reported in November that without stabilization or repair, its demise was inevitable. But any repairs requiring workers to scale the towers or go up to the platform were potentially lethal. The NSF quickly shut down the telescope and planned to demolish it in a safe and controlled way.
Gravity triumphed quickly, though. Even as new cables were on their way, Arecibo ultimately succumbed to the slow creep of degradation and decay.
Knowing that the giant could fall didn't make the moment any easier to witness. Even folks who've only ever seen the place in photos or feature films lament its destruction, and for those who know and love the observatory, the wound is as gaping as the now-empty space between the telescope's broken towers.
Arecibo was more than a scientific instrument that grew out Cold War tensions. It was a powerful symbol of humanity's boundless curiosity, an engineering marvel, a destination, an invaluable resource for local communities. It still is an inspiration.
For many, the telescope's downfall was as stunning as watching Notre Dame burn. Just as a cathedral is more than a beautiful building, Arecibo was more than a mere telescope, inspiring amazement among practicing astronomers and visiting tourists alike. To appreciate its importance, you didn't need to be versed in science, just as you don't need to be religious to be awestruck by Notre Dame.
Unfortunately, unlike Notre Dame, Arecibo doesn't have any rich benefactors coming to its rescue. Instead, small but motivated groups of scientists, engineers, and community members are rallying for a rebirth. They're writing to representatives, meeting with Puerto Rico's governor—who just designated $8 million for clean-up and a site redesign—and making the case to scientific committees that an instrument of Arecibo's caliber cannot simply vanish without humanity losing out.
If they have their way, Puerto Rico could once again be home to a treasure that gleams beneath violet skies and golden sunlight, tuning into the whispers of the cosmos and greeting each perfect sunrise amidst the intoxicating songs of the jungle's twilight symphony.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Anheuser-Busch InBev is looking to product innovation this summer in an attempt to give Canadians the variety they're clamouring for, including a new brand launching here first.
This spring, the company will launch Bud Light Apple. Kyle Norrington, VP of marketing at Labatt Breweries of Canada, says the decision to launch it in Canada comes from consumer research showing the popularity of apple as a beer flavour and momentum the company has been seeing in flavoured beer as a whole. The new brand is also under the Bud Light label because of the success it had the last time it attempted an entry into a flavoured, more "refreshing" kind of beer.
"When we talked to consumers, we were surprised with how easy it was for us to get into that space because of the credibility Bud Light Lime provided us," he says.
Norrington says Bud Light Apple is a big deal for the company this year, and the major push behind it will roll out at the end of April and through May, with creative by Anomaly and experiential by Mosaic. But the launch campaign will be built around a summer theme, similar to Bud Light Lime's in 2009.
That scale, combined with the ease at which beer enthusiasts can share information around the globe, also means Anheuser-Busch InBev can launch foreign beers in Canada more easily. This is the case with its other big summer launch, Modelo Especial.
Modelo Especial is a premium beer brewed by Corona's brewer Grupo Modelo. Though this is its first entry into Canada, the brand has been one of the top beers in Mexico since 1925 and recently displaced Heineken as the second-biggest import beer in the U.S., behind Corona. Between its unique bottle shape and gold foil-lined label, the brand is positioned as a premium offering, which will be reflected in a campaign by Zulu Alpha Kilo.
Part of the demand for more variety stems from the increasing strength of other beer and alcohol options. Last year, a Statistics Canada report said strength in wine caused beer's market share in the alcohol category to fall to 43% in 2013, down from 50% 10 years prior. And while craft brewers accounted for 6% of total beer sales at that time, much has still been made of the influx of new players, especially given craft beer's rapid growth (sales in Ontario tripled between 2002 and 2014, with sales in B.C. going up by 38% in a single year). Despite this, Norrington says when consumers pay this much attention to a single category, it benefits everyone operating in it.


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Movie Scene Queen
Est. MMXIII
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About the Movie Scene Queen
Advance Movie Screenings
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Category: Advance Screening
Men, Women, & Children Passes
Movie Scene Queen is hosting a screening of Jason Reitman's new film, MEN, WOMEN & CHILDREN at the AMC Waterfront 22 on Tuesday, October 14 at 7PM.
The film has an all-star cast including Adam Sandler, Jennifer Garner, Judy Greer and Ansel Elgort. MEN, WOMEN & CHILDREN follows the story of a group of high school teenagers and their parents as they attempt to navigate the many ways the internet has changed their relationships, their communication, their self-image, and their love lives.
If you are interested, please comment below with your favorite high school memory. I'll start with mine- Schenley High School C/O 2005. Yes, I've been out of high school for ten years and I officially feel old! But, anywho, I enjoyed the basketball games, the trophy room parties, the congested Tripper, and skipping classes to go to lunch but still managing to get on the honor roll!
Gone Girl Passes
The most anticipated book-adapted movie since If I Stay is having a screening this Thursday in the Waterfront.
Directed by David Fincher and based upon the global bestseller by Gillian Flynn – unearths the secrets at the heart of a modern marriage. On the occasion of his fifth wedding anniversary, Nick Dunne (Ben Affleck) reports that his beautiful wife, Amy (Rosamund Pike), has gone missing. Under pressure from the police and a growing media frenzy, Nick's portrait of a blissful union begins to crumble. Soon his lies, deceits and strange behavior have everyone asking the same dark question: Did Nick Dunne kill his wife?A man (Ben Affleck) reports that his wife (Rosamund Pike) has gone missing on their fifth wedding anniversary, but his public portrait of their blissful union begins to crumble under police pressure and a growing media frenzy.
The screening is Thursday, October 2, 2014 at 7:00 PM in the Waterfront. (Please note the different time.) For your chance to grab two tickets, please comment below with your favorite book based movie. MSQ's Favorite Book Based Movie: Precious (2009)
The Good Lie Passes
After their village is destroyed and their parents killed by Northern militia, Sudanese orphans Theo, his siblings and other survivors make a difficult journey to a refugee camp in Kenya. Thirteen years later, the group get the chance to settle in the U.S. They are met in Kansas by Carrie Davis (Reese Witherspoon), who has been charged with finding them jobs. However, seeing how adrift they are in 20th-century America, Carrie endeavors to help them in rebuilding their shattered lives.
There will be two screenings for The Good Lie (PG-13)…
Tuesday, October 14, 2014 @ 7:30 pm
Tuesday, October 21, 2014 @ 7:30 pm.
Both screenings will be held at AMC Waterfront 22. Please comment below with your interest and what date you would like to see the movie.
Annabelle Passes
She terrified you in "The Conjuring," but this is where it all began for Annabelle. Capable of unspeakable evil, the actual doll exists locked up in an occult museum in Connecticut—visited only by a priest who blesses her twice a month. New Line Cinema's supernatural thriller "Annabelle", starring Ward Horton, Annabelle Wallis, and Alfred Woodard, begins before the evil was unleashed. John Form has found the perfect gift for his expectant wife, Mia—a beautiful, rare vintage doll in a pure white wedding dress. But Mia's delight with Annabelle doesn't last long. Members of a satanic cult invade the home of a man (Horton) and his pregnant wife (Wallis) and turn a vintage doll into a conduit for ultimate evil.
The Annabelle screening will be held Tuesday, September 30, 2014 at 7:30 PM in the Waterfront. To secure your chances at getting the special Gofobo code, please comment below with your favorite doll movie (good or bad). MSQ Favorite Doll Movie: Child's Play 2 (1990)
The Gofobo code will be emailed the morning of the screening (9/30).
Star Wars Rebels: Spark of Rebellion Passes
Disney and Movie Scene Queen is hosting a one-time-only event screening of STAR WARS REBELS: SPARK OF REBELLION on the big screen before it debuts on Disney Channel on Friday, October 3rd.
We are showing the movie at the AMC Waterfront 22 this Saturday, September 20th at 10:45am. In addition to the special screening, we are also having interactive pre-screening activities starting at 9:30AM. We encourage families to arrive early to take advantage of the great fun before the start of the movie.
Possible activities to include, but not limited to:
Photo Opportunities with STAR WARS characters
Coloring & Arts and Crafts Area
STAR WARS Costume Contests
Prizes and so MUCH more!
#StarWarsRebels Spark of Rebellion premieres on Disney Channel on October 3rd (9PM ET/PT). The series premieres October 13th (9PM ET/PT) on Disney X D.
To redeem your family four pack, please comment below with your favorite Disney Channel movie. I'll start with mine: The Color of Friendship (2000) and Smart House (1999).
November Man Passes
Code named The November Man, an ex-CIA operative is brought back in on a very personal mission and finds himself pitted against his former pupil in a deadly game involving high level CIA officials and the Russian president-elect. Peter Devereaux (Pierce Brosnan), who has been enjoying a quiet life in Switzerland, is lured out of retirement for one last mission. He must protect valuable witness, Alice Fournier. He soon uncovers this assignment marks him a target of his former friend and CIA protégé David Mason. With growing suspicions of a mole in the agency, there is no one Devereaux can trust, no rules and no holds barred.
Movie Scene Queen is hosting a screening Tuesday, August 26th at South Side Works Cinema, beginning at 7:30 PM. Please click the link below for passes:
http://www.relativityscreenings.com/PittMovieSQ
If you are having trouble accessing the passes with the link above, go back to the Relativity Screenings website and use code PittMovieSQ to redeem your tickets.
Dolphin Tale 2 Passes
Several years have passed since Sawyer Nelson (Nathan Gamble) and the team (Harry Connick Jr., Morgan Freeman) at Clearwater Marine Hospital gave Winter the dolphin a prosthetic tail, thereby saving her life. Now however, a new crisis has arisen. Winter's elderly surrogate mother, Panama, has died, which leaves Winter without a pool mate. According to USDA regulations, dolphins cannot be housed alone; unless a new companion can be found quickly, Clearwater will lose Winter to another aquarium.
The Movie Scene Queen is hosting two screenings for Dolphin Tale 2. For more information, please read below:
Saturday, August 23rd @ 10:00 AM
AMC Waterfront 22
Saturday, September 6th @ 10:00 AM
Please comment below with the date you would like to see the movie AND your favorite animal movie. I'll start with mine…(and I actually have a few) Free Willy (1993), Paulie (1998), Monkey Trouble (1994), Dunston Checks In (1996), and Air Bud (1997).
If I Stay Passes
Mia Hall (Chloë Grace Moretz), a talented young cellist, thought the most difficult decision she would ever have to make would be whether to pursue her musical dreams at prestigious Julliard, or follow her heart to be with the love of her life, Adam (Jamie Blackley), a rock singer/guitarist. However, a car wreck changes everything in an instant, and now Mia's life hangs in the balance. Suspended between life and death, Mia faces a choice that will decide not only her future, but her fate.
The Movie Scene Queen is hosting two screenings for If I Stay. For more information, please read below:
Tuesday, August 12th @ 7:00 PM
Monday, August 18th @ 7:30 PM
Please comment below with the date you would like to see the movie.
Let's Be Cops! Passes
Movie Scene Queen is hosting her LAST screening of LET'S BE COPS on Monday, August 11th at the AMC Waterfront 22. Visit http://www.gofobo.com/RSVP to redeem your passes.
Here is the special Gofobo code: PMSQS9HH
It's the ultimate buddy cop movie except for one thing: they're not cops. When two struggling pals dress as police officers for a costume party, they become neighborhood sensations. But when these newly-minted "heroes" get tangled in a real life web of mobsters and dirty detectives, they must put their fake badges on the line.


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text:
Afton Williamson (Toledo, 7 de septiembre de 1984) es una actriz estadounidense, mejor conocida por su papel protagonista de la oficial de policía Talia Bishop en la serie de ABC The Rookie y como la asistente del fiscal de distrito Alison Medding en la serie original de Cinemax Banshee.

Biografía
Afton Williamson nació el 7 de septiembre de 1984, en la localidad de Toledo en el estado de Ohio (Estados Unidos). Obtuvo una licenciatura en Bellas Artes en la Universidad de Míchigan Oriental y un Máster en Bellas Artes en el Festival Shakespeare de Alabama.

Carrera
Williamson comenzó su carrera como suplente de Kerry Washington en la obra de Broadway de 2010 Race antes de suceder a Washington en el papel de Susan. Más tarde hizo su debut en televisión apareciendo en un episodio de The Good Wife. Posteriormente, trabajó como estrella invitada en diferentes seres de televisión, entre las que caben destacarː Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Blue Bloods y Elementary. Tuvo papeles recurrentes en el drama de CBS A Gifted Man de 2011 a 2012 como Autumn, y en la primera temporada de la serie de televisión Nashville como Makena. De 2014 a 2015, tuvo un papel regular en la serie original de la cadena Cinemax Banshee. Hizo su debut en la pantalla grande en el drama Pariah (2011) dirigida y escrita por Dee Rees.

En 2016, interpretó el papel principal en la serie dramática de VH1 The Breaks. ese mismo año, interpretó a la oficial Wiggins en la miniserie de HBO The Night Of.

Papel y acusaciones en la serie The Rookie
En 2018, Williamson actuó en la serie dramática de ABC The Rookie. En 2019, abandonó el programa tras denunciar discriminación racial, acoso sexual y agresión. Anteriormente el sitio web TVLine había informado que Williamson, quien interpretó a Talia Bishop en la serie, no regresaría para la segunda temporada. Si bien el medio inicialmente afirmó que la separación fue amistosa, Williamson, en una larga publicación de Instagram, declaró que había dejado la serie debido a que «experimentó discriminación racial, comentarios inapropiados con carga racial del departamento de peluquería». Williamson también alegó que fue acosada sexualmente por la estrella invitada Demetrius Grosse, quien interpreta a Kevin Wolfe en un papel recurrente, así como un incidente de intimidación que se convirtió en agresión sexual en una fiesta; el jefe del departamento de peluquería fue identificado como Sallie Ciganovich. Williamson afirmó que había acudido a los showrunners varias veces con estas acusaciones, pero fue ignorada.

Todos los involucrados en las acusaciones las negaron. Se encargó una investigación a través de la firma de abogados Mitchell Sillerberg y Knupp junto con una firma de terceros, EXTTI, que realizó casi 400 horas de entrevistas y examinó videos y otras pruebas. Los resultados de la investigación se publicaron el 17 de septiembre de 2019 y encontraron que las acusaciones hechas por Williamson no tenían mérito y no se podían probar. Williamson se mantuvo firme en sus afirmaciones, calificando los resultados de la investigación como «desgarradores» y postuló que los productores habían mentido para encubrir la verdad de lo sucedido.

Filmografía

Cine

Televisión

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actrices de Estados Unidos
Actrices de teatro de Estados Unidos
Actrices afroestadounidenses
Nacidos en Toledo (Ohio)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Goree Texture by Fania Simon - 8.000" x 6.000"
Goree Texture framed print by Fania Simon. Bring your print to life with hundreds of different frame and mat combinations. Our framed prints are assembled, packaged, and shipped by our expert framing staff and delivered "ready to hang" with pre-attached hanging wire, mounting hooks, and nails.
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Water plays a critical role in ensuring the healthiness of all humans, animals, and plants. However, humans often disregard the multiple benefits of drinking water in their rush to remain firmly based in the rat race. In case you too have been ignoring the medical facets of drinking water at regular intervals you'll need to quickly adopt these practices to ensure that you drink the best water within the best possible form.
The reality that over 70% of earth and human bodies are comprised of water should really impress you in regards to the significance of water in our bodies. Drinking water is not just essential to a healthy life but insufficient safe drinking water seltzer info could cause severe conditions that may be life threatening. Water has to be consumed regularly to ensure that you don't suffer from muscle cramps, your kidneys function normally and your skin does not dry up. In addition, all of your internal organs including your brain, which contains around 90% water, require proper hydration so as to perform at peak levels. Water continues evaporating out of your body so you need to replenish that water so your body can perform effortlessly.
The advantages of drinking water are much more amplified if you start exercising regularly as the sweat will cause dehydration inside your body which will need quick replenishment. Experts think that humans anyway need at least 8 glasses of water every day depending on the surrounding weather and physical exercise incurred by an individual. The actual fact, however, is that often most people simply forget to ensure adequate drinking habits or get bored with this tasteless wonder of life. If you're the type of person then you've got several tasty alternatives that will not only guarantee the intake of adequate water in your system but also improve the taste of that water in a very safe manner which will have you drinking more water each day.
Drinking water has now morphed into numerous tasty avatars that could tempt you from innumerable shelves in stores or supermarkets. Several companies now offer flavored seltzer water, carbonated water, club soda, and flavored sparkling water, among other versions to ensure that you remain hydrated during the day while you sip on these delicious wonders. However, you can examine the label of each bottle carefully as some products might have sugar, artificial flavors, preservatives, and other chemicals that might not be healthy over time or just shove in additional calories in your body. You could also end up paying a lot of money if you consume these tasty drinks every single day. Instead of rushing to stores to get your favorite drink, you can even make such delectable drinks at home and enjoy the benefits of drinking water in a very safe and cost-effective way.
You will simply require a soda club machine or soda maker to convert plain water into bubbly carbonated water. Manufacturers including sodastream offer several models of soda water makers to suit varying budgets and requirements. You can also buy flavor concentrates to produce your own personal delicious flavor that contains no calories, sugar, artificial flavors or preservatives. This ensures good taste minus any side effects.
Although drinking water is essential for great health, fast lifestyle along with the dull taste of water could result in reduced consumption that may be dangerous for your health. You'll be able to still enjoy every one of the benefits of drinking water by blending in various flavors in plain or carbonated water and make certain your body and brain performs at its best at all times.


Posted on July 1, 2008 by Richard Masoner.
Look and see where the Boston police bicycle patrol like to hang out.
I'm with Warren T…gotta dig the Bangles reference. Only your 40-something readers will get that.
Go Gos, I Wanna Be Sedated. Sigh. I miss the 80s. Even Reagan seems warm/fuzzy by comparison. Never thought I'd say that.
I'm with Warren T…gotta dig the Bangles reference. Only your 40-something readers will get that.While we're on the 80s rock theme, here's a really great cover performance:Go Gos, I Wanna Be Sedated. Sigh. I miss the 80s. Even Reagan seems warm/fuzzy by comparison. Never thought I'd say that.
It's weird how this stuff just pops in your head. I see cops in the donut shop and *bam* I hear the song.
Gotta love the 80s. When I was a teen I was totally in love with guitarist Susanna Hoffs, or at least the music video depictions of her.
Bike patrol officers I've seen, incidentally, are just as prone to "bad behavior" as other cyclists — they run stops and red lights, ride on the sidewalk and ride on the wrong side of the street, not to mention that horrendous "pack" behavior people always complain about. I've even seen a 3 man bike patrol riding without any lights in the middle of the night.
It's weird how this stuff just pops in your head. I see cops in the donut shop and *bam* I hear the song.Gotta love the 80s. When I was a teen I was totally in love with guitarist Susanna Hoffs, or at least the music video depictions of her.Bike patrol officers I've seen, incidentally, are just as prone to "bad behavior" as other cyclists — they run stops and red lights, ride on the sidewalk and ride on the wrong side of the street, not to mention that horrendous "pack" behavior people always complain about. I've even seen a 3 man bike patrol riding without any lights in the middle of the night.
At least the bike cops maybe, just maybe break even on calories, as opposed to the pudge rolling around in patrol cars.


The City of Sugar Creek invites the community to take a step back in time August 7-9 with Wayne City Landing Days in Sugar Creek, Mo. This free family festival commemorates the first steamboat landing west of the Mississippi River with live entertainment, food and craft vendors, historical re-enactments, contest, carnival rides, and more.
Saturday's free concert is to support the Wounded Warrior Project with performances from Delisa Dawn & Route 66, Honkytonk Renovators, Phil Vandel Band, Outlaw Jim & the Whisky Benders, and the Selle Brothers. Attendees are welcome to participate in timely contests including baking, brewing, quilting, yodeling, turkey-calling, historical costumes, and more to celebrate the early days of Wayne City Landing.
Shuttle transportation to Wayne City Landing will be available.
Stay updated with Wayne City Landing Days online at facebook.com/waynecitylandingdays.


Westfield Stratford City is dangerously close to home. I can be there door to door inside 15 minutes.
I have my own parking space outside Waitrose and am not far off from doing a Tom Hanks à la The Terminal and moving in.
With much delight, joined by a bunch of other bloggers on the east side of the City, I have been gradually working my way around the various hang outs Westfield Stratford City has to offer.
Back in January it was the turn of All Star Lanes bowling alley and American diner.
My limited experience of bowling alleys is that they were echoey cold fluorescent strip lit places with the atmosphere of a council run badminton court.
All Star Lanes is completely different to this. Warm, lively and without that swimming pool acoustic experience. Better still they have a fabulous American diner style restaurant in house so you can enjoy a meal before or after your game.
There is also a bar serving a range of cocktails – the staff are happy to mix up something off menu and since I was driving I went for a tall lemonade based non-alcoholic cocktail with raspberry and lime.
Fourteen lanes sit alongside the restaurant but you're far enough away not to be bothered by noise. Whilst the atmosphere is truly American and I felt I'd been beamed stateside for the afternoon, the booth seating areas are by no means some 1950s Grease movie pastiche like "Eds Diner", the decor is more like Malmaison with dark wood furniture and coloured lighting.
Stratford City is the fourth of All Star's branches and by far the largest. It boasts nearly twice the number of lanes of other branches at Bayswater, Holborn and Brick Lane.
I started with a short rack of ribs (£7.00) that were joyfully sticky, juicy and tender.
Dining companion Michelle had salt and pepper squid presented in this Chinese take out container.
Jeanne's appealing trio of tostadas came with refried beans, guacomole and coriander.
Surprisingly Louis' dry overdone burger with bacon turned out to be the most disappointing dish. An odd thing for them to mess up considering it's meant to be their signature burger.
Conversely, my blackened chicken fillet burger with portobello mushroom (£9.00) was perfectly juicy when chicken is something other places dry out (Giraffe a few doors down, please take note).
Sides shown above from left are (out of focus) the broccoli with almond butter (£3.00) which we all deemed very ordinary and disappointing, densely mayonnaise-y coleslaw (£3.00), fries (£2.00) and mini mac 'n' cheese (£3.50). Mini mac 'n' cheese was the star of the bunch which we thought would make a meal in itself alongside the whoopie pie dessert (below).
Michelle ordered the mains version of the ribs, served here with sweet potato fries (£16.00 and £3.00). I felt my starter ribs had had the edge sauce-wise but it was nevertheless the same dish in a larger size.
Jeanne opted for one of her all time favourites, pulled pork served here with rainbow slaw (£12.00) and wasn't disappointed.
Margot ordered grilled salmon with candied beets and horseradish cream (£12.00). Above right is a side of cornmeal fritters endearingly known as "hush puppies" (£3.50).
After lingering over mains, it was time for our bowling slot. If you weren't eating at All Stars you could always grab one of these candy bars with your game.
The shoes were better than I remembered too!
A game between five of us took nearly an hour, Jeanne took an immediate lead scoring several lucky strikes whereas I was hit and miss knocking down nine or ten pins in some bowls and big fat zero in just as many others! But I was happy with that given I'd only played once twenty years ago.
Prices per person per game vary from £5 daytime during the week to £8 for Thursday – Sunday evenings. It's £5 for children at all times and a special rack is available for younger kids to roll their balls down the lanes with ease.
On occasion, some big name DJs come in to provide the sounds – I won't say "spin discs" as actually on lane 1 we had a bird's eye view of the digital DJ decks. Posters were advertising the Fun Loving Criminals being on the bill a few weeks later.
Having enjoyed a break with our game arguably we were really too full for dessert but felt we would be doing readers a disservice not to investigate. Dessert portions were huge with the whoopie pie above right virtually the size of a small birthday cake. The brownie was moist and puddingy drenched in chocolate and streaks of caramel and ice cream. Desserts cost between £3 and £5 and were all superb value.
Instead of dessert, Jeanne and I finished off with sweet and nubbly Reece's Pieces flavour deluxe milkshakes (£4.50) which were great taste and texture but could have been served colder. Alcoholic milkshakes such as Baileys or Rum & Raisin are also available although I think I'd have needed to be rolled home after one of those.
Verdict: Hugely enjoyable and atmospheric, All Star Lanes would make a great venue for a birthday party for any age. As nights out go, it's at the more expensive occasion end of the scale but a meal and game will stretch out all evening giving pounds per hour better value than a trip to the cinema. Staff are friendly and helpful but portion sizes are state size so do beware of eyes-bigger-than-stomach over ordering (you need to be mobile for your game!). Watch out for weeknight deals with two course meals and a game for £26 per person. Highly recommended to visit at least once and I can't wait for an excuse to go again.
With thanks to All Star Lanes. Please note there have been some changes to the menu since my visit so not everything above may be available.
I was just checking your blog today for the link to the review 🙂 Beautiful photographs Sarah!
Thanks Margot! Wish I'd got stuck into it earlier!
I'll be very happy to join you there when you do!
LOL – your own parking space. love it! And love the review – such happy memories and gorgeous pictures. I still dream about that pulled pork… For the record, I hadn't bowled since like 1987 either!!
Ha ha, I should leave yellow cones behind when I leave!! We'll have to go back and have our own little bowling olympics, I'm sure you'd get gold medal!!
I used to live around the corner from Westfield in Shepherds Bush, I'd never have moved if I've know they were really going to build it…. we'd had the rumour of a "shopping centre" being built there for 10 years and I'd given up all hope!
Nice review. Isn't that center like a magnet? I could munch my way through all day and all night.
All star lanes is heaps of fun isn't it. I had a work event there once which was great, although my bowling was atrocious.
That looks like a pretty good menu for a bowling alley. I must say I'm impressed.
Wow, your food photography is just exquisite! My mouth is watering away! We went bowling two weekends ago and I wish I had read about this first. We went to Surrey Quays which is okay, this just looks better. Bowling, cocktails and good food – you can't beat that!


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Access to Justice Committee
The mission of the Access to Justice Committee is to assure that every Louisiana citizen has access to competent civil legal representation by promoting and supporting a broad based and effective justice community through collaboration between the Louisiana State Bar Association, the Louisiana Bar Foundation, Louisiana Law Schools, private practitioners, local bar associations, pro bono programs and legal aid providers.
The Access to Justice Committee was established in 1996 to consolidate the efforts of two existing LSBA committees (The Legal Services Committee and The Volunteers In Public Service Committee). As the mission states, the committee helps to strengthen an integrated delivery network by supporting all those who deliver legal services to the poor. The current committee is comprised of 40 volunteer members, both attorneys and non-attorneys, with the common interest of assisting the indigent with their legal needs. These volunteers, with various backgrounds, reside throughout Louisiana and include corporate counsel, legal service attorneys, legal educators, large and small firm representatives, and pro bono directors. Their diverse backgrounds only enhance the committee's ability to work through initiatives from a variety of approaches.
Latest Access to Justice News and Events
Nominations for 2020 Pro Bono Awards Now Open!
Nominations are now open for the 2020 Pro Bono Publico and Children's Law Awards! We hope you will help us acknowledge your local pro bono superstars statewide by submitting a nomination. Find more information and the online nomination form here.
The deadline to submit a nomination is Friday, February 7, 2020 at 4:30 pm. Awards will be presented Tuesday, May 5, 2020 at the Louisiana Supreme Court.
Registration for 2020 Self-Represented Litigant Service Provider Summit now open!
The Louisiana Access to Justice Commission and the Louisiana District Judges Association are hosting a Summit on January 31, 2020 at the Jackson Barracks. The Summit is designed for court personnel, legal aid partners, and other organizations serving the public's legal needs. Sessions will provide resources and direct assistance to courts and organizations serving self-represented litigants including a review of self-help service best-practices, template forms materials, court staff training resources, new technologies, and much more.
To learn more about the Summit, please click here to view the SRL Summit Flyer.
To register for the Summit, please click here.
For more information, contact Projects Counsel Joanna Laidler at 504-619-0106.
Read the latest ATJ news in the November edition of Bar Briefs!
Click here to read about this year's recipients of the Legal Service Innovation Award and the Legal Service Excellence in Advocacy Award as well as an interview skills training developed by the Legal Services for Persons with Disabilities Commitee for law students from Tulane Law School and Loyola University College of Law.
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Access to Justice Home Access to Justice Program Information How You Can Help Access to Justice Access to Justice Calendar Access to Justice Committee Roster / Minutes Access to Justice Commission Access to Justice Subcommittees Pro Bono Resources: Providing Justice for All Self-Represented Litigants Legal Education Assistance Program (LEAP)/ Lawyers in Libraries Louisiana Legal Services Programs and Resources Resources For Louisiana Legal Service Providers Access to Justice Program Newsletter Contact the Access to Justice Department