Before Judges Cuff, Simonelli and Fasciale.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-1675-08.
Gerard P. Egan (Egan Young) of the Pennsylvania bar, admitted pro hac vice, argued the cause for appellant (Brandon J. Lauria (Egan Young), attorney; Mr. Egan, of counsel and on the brief; Mr. Lauria, on the brief).
Josh J.T. Byrne argued the cause for respondents (Swartz Campbell LLC, attorneys; Jeffrey B. McCarron and Mr. Byrne, on the brief).
This matter involves plaintiff Mark Lanzilotti's allegations of legal malpractice and fraud against his former attorney, defendant Mark Greenberg,1 who represented Lanzilotti in a criminal matter in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. A jury convicted Lanzilotti on several drug-trafficking charges. Lanzilottiwas sentenced to two concurrent terms of life imprisonment. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the conviction and sentence, and the United States Supreme Court denied Lanzilotti's petition for certiorari. United States v. Lanzilotti, 58 F. App'x890, 901 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 864, 124 S. Ct. 176, 157 L. Ed. 2d 117 (2003). Following the appeal, pursuant to a stipulation Lanzilotti's sentence was vacated and he was resentenced to a term of thirty-years imprisonment. He is presently serving his sentence in a federal facility in Pennsylvania.
Lanzilotti admits his involvement in the manufacture of methamphetamine, that the evidence against him was overwhelming and he had no absolute defenses. However, he claims he would have received a lesser sentence had Greenberg not committed malpractice by making fraudulent misrepresentations about plea agreements, the untrustworthiness of the government's plea negotiations, and the "winnability" of his case.
The trial judge granted summary judgment to Greenberg, concluding that an expert was required to establish the standard of care and breach thereof. Alternatively, the judge concluded that exoneration is a predicate for a legal-malpractice claim arising from a criminal prosecution. We affirm.
Prior to Lanzilotti's arrest, he and Marc "One Star" met with Greenberg and paid him a $5000 retainer, half of which One Star paid. Lanzilotti had a long-standing personal relationship with One Star, and Greenberg had represented One Star in an unrelated criminal matter involving the manufacture of methamphetamine. After Lanzilotti's arrest, he and One Star again met with Greenberg, and One Star continued to pay Lanzilotti's legal fees.
Following his arrest, Lanzilotti knew the federal government sought his cooperation and wanted information about One Star, who the government believed to be the P2P oil supplier. Lanzilotti did not cooperate, due to either loyalty to One Star or fear of retribution. However, he claims that Greenberg advised him there was no benefit to cooperating because Lanzilotti would receive the same sentence, thirty years to life, as if he lost at trial, even if he cooperated; rather, Greenberg advised Lanzilotti that his "only option here is to go to trial and win and get no time, and we can win. It's a winnable case."
Lanzilotti also claims he asked Greenberg to negotiate a plea agreement but Greenberg advised against it stating, "the feds can't be trusted. There's nothing to make them stand by their word, I'm telling you, I got experience in this, they're just going to screw you over." Lanzilotti admitted, however, that Greenberg's statements made no sense to him based on his understanding that "[n]obody goes to trial. Everybody knows that you can't beat the feds." Lanzilotti also admitted that One Star and Richard Haag, another seasoned criminal Lanzilotti knew, told him there was no benefit to a plea dealbecause "[t]he feds can't be trusted."
Prior to trial, Lanzilotti and Greenberg attended a reverse proffer, where the government presented all of the evidence it had accumulated against Lanzilotti. According to Lanzilotti, Greenberg explained that the Assistant U.S. attorney asked them to attend the reverse proffer because he believed Greenberg was not telling Lanzilotti everything about his exposure if he proceeded to trial. Lanzilotti understood that the Assistant U.S. attorney also believed Greenberg might be telling Lanzilotti that if he went to trial and lost, he would only receive a five to ten-year term of imprisonment. Notably, Lanzilotti admitted that the United States attorney emphasized at the reverse proffer that he faced thirty years to life imprisonment but would face "a lot less time" if he cooperated. Lanzilotti did not cooperate. Instead, he proceeded to trial, where he gave perjured testimony.
A jury convicted Lanzilotti of manufacturing methamphetamine and conspiracy to manufacture methamphetamine. Following the verdict, the government offered him another opportunity to cooperate and explained the mandatory minimum sentences and United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG).3Plaintiff knew he faced thirty years to life imprisonment but still did not cooperate. He claims he did not cooperate because Greenberg said he would have to retain another attorney.
Prior to sentencing, Greenberg advised Lanzilotti, in writing, that the United States attorney placed Lanzilotti on a "43" offense level, which carries a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment, calculated as follows: a base "38" offense level based on the quantity of methamphetamine manufactured, plus a three-level enhancement for defendant's supervisory role in the "cooks" of the methamphetamine and a two-level enhancement for his obstruction of justice stemming from his perjury at trial.
Greenberg also advised Lanzilotti that the government again requested his cooperation in exchange for a possible motion for a downward departure based upon substantial assistance. Greenberg explained to Lanzilotti that "there is no guarantee that the Government would file a Motion for Downward Departure even if you did cooperate or that the Judge would grant such a motion. This option [to cooperate] is, however, available to you and you may wish to consider it."
Lanzilotti subsequently retained a different attorney to represent him at sentencing. The attorney objected to the three-level enhancement for Lanzilotti's supervisory role and filed a motion for a downward departure on the grounds that (1) Lanzilotti had rehabilitated himself, and (2) the USSG "overstate the seriousness of the offense" and constitute cruel and unusual punishment. The federal district court overruled the objection, denied the motion and sentenced Lanzilotti to two concurrent terms of life imprisonment based on a "43" offense level.
Lanzilotti appealed his conviction and sentence. He contended, in part, that the court erred in overruling his objection to the three-level enhancement for his supervisory role and erroneously denied his motion for a downward departure. Lanzilotti, supra, 58 F. App'xat 900-01. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed Lanzilotti's conviction and sentence. Id.at 901. The court found that out of approximately twenty participants in the drug-trafficking scheme, "Lanzilotti was one of the three or four most culpable." Id.at 900. Accordingly, the court concluded that Lanzilotti's sentence was properly enhanced by three levels under USSG 3B1.1(b). Ibid.
Lanzilotti filed motions thereafter, which he later withdrew after entering into a stipulation that his sentence should be vacated and he should be resentenced at a "42" offense level to a thirty-year term of imprisonment.4 The stipulation also provided that Lanzilotti "voluntarily and expressly waive all rights to appeal or collaterally attack [his] conviction, sentence, or any other matter relating to this prosecution . . . ."
4. the resolution of this case could only be through trial and the case was "winnable."
in the end it does have to do with the whole manner of how a criminal defense attorney handles and counsels a client in a case such as this. That really is the subject of this [and is] beyond the ken of the average juror. The average juror cannot decide that simply on a question of whether they believe or not believe, whether [Greenberg] said what [Lanzilotti] contends [Greenberg] did to [Lanzilotti], whether it's true or not true, or whether . . . [Greenberg] had some basis to . . . say what he said, it all is bound up in the overall counseling and handling and management of a client in the context of a very serious Federal prosecution.
The judge also concluded, in the alternative, that Lanzilotti could not demonstrate legal malpractice because he knew the government sought his cooperation and advised him of the possibility of a lesser sentence if he cooperated, yet he declined to pursue that option.
Also, in the alternative, citing McKnight v. Office of the Public Defender, 197 N.J. 180 (2008), the judge concluded that exoneration is a predicate for Lanzilotti's legal-malpractice claims under the particular facts of this case. Thus, the judge determined that summary judgment was proper because Lanzilotti was not exonerated.
On appeal, Lanzilotti does not challenge the judge's ruling on exoneration. He merely contends, in part,that expert testimony is not necessary to prove legal malpractice because this is a common-knowledge case. We disagree.
Our review of a ruling on summary judgment is de novo, applying the same legal standard as the trial court. Coyne v. N.J. Dep't of Transp., 182 N.J. 481, 491 (2005); Chance v. McCann, 405 N.J. Super. 547, 563 (App. Div. 2009). Thus, we consider, as the trial judge did, "'whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.'" Liberty Surplus Ins. Corp. v. Nowell Amoroso, P.A., 189 N.J. 436, 445-46 (2007) (quoting Brill, supra, 142 N.J. at 536). Summary judgment must be granted "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact challenged and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment or order as a matter of law." R. 4:46-2(c). If there is no genuine issue of material fact, we must then "decide whether the trial court correctly interpreted the law." Massachi v. AHL Servs., Inc., 396 N.J. Super. 486, 494 (App. Div. 2007), certif. denied, 195 N.J. 419 (2008). We review issues of law de novo and accord no deference to the trial judge's conclusions on issues of law. Zabilowicz v. Kelsey, 200 N.J. 507, 512-13 (2009).
"The elements of a cause of action for legal malpractice are (1) the existence of an attorney-client relationship creating a duty of care by the defendant attorney, (2) the breach of that duty by the defendant, and (3) proximate causation of the damages claimed by the plaintiff." McGrogan v. Till, 167 N.J.414, 425 (2001) (citing Conklin v. Hannoch Weisman, 145 N.J.395, 416 (1996)). "Because the duties a lawyer owes to his client are not known by the average juror, a plaintiff will usually have to present expert testimony defining the duty and explaining the breach." Stoeckel v. Twp. of Knowlton, 387 N.J. Super. 1, 14 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 188 N.J.489 (2006). "Expert testimony is required in cases of professional malpractice where the matter to be addressed is so esoteric that the average juror could not form a valid judgment as to whether the conduct of the professional was reasonable." Sommers v. McKinney, 287 N.J. Super.1, 10 (App. Div. 1996). Expert testimony is also generally required to establish a causal link between the alleged negligence and actual damages in a malpractice case. SeeBrach, Eichler, Rosenberg, Silver, Bernstein, Hammer & Gladstone, P.C. v. Ezekwo, 345 N.J. Super.1, 15 (App. Div. 2001) (holding the trial court properly dismissed the defendant's legal malpractice counterclaim where there was no expert testimony establishing the requisite standard of care and proximate causation).
It is the rare legal-malpractice case where an expert is not required because "the duty of care to a client is so basic that it may be determined by the court as a matter of law." Brizak v. Needle, 239 N.J. Super.415, 429 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 122 N.J.164 (1990). Such rare cases include the attorney's failure to conduct an investigation into a claim, id.at 429-30, the failure to execute and record a bond and mortgage, Stewart v. Sbarro, 142 N.J. Super.581, 591 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 72 N.J.459 (1976), and the failure to file a cause of action within the statute of limitations, Fuschetti v. Bierman, 128 N.J. Super. 290, 295 (Law Div. 1974). However, "if the adequacy of an investigation or the soundness of an opinion is the issue, a jury will usually require the assistance of an expert opinion." Sommers, supra, 287 N.J. Super. at 11. "To the extent that [a] plaintiff challenges the quality of the work done on [his or] her behalf, [the claim is] properly dismissed . . . because of [the] failure to submit an expert report." Id.at 13-14 (citing Brizak, supra, 239 N.J. Super.at 432).
In this case, Lanzilotti challenges the adequacy and soundness of Greenberg's representation. This requires an evaluation of Greenberg's opinion about plea negotiations in drug-trafficking cases brought in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and whether and how such negotiations occur. It also requires an evaluation of Greenberg's opinion that the case was "winnable" at trial, and whether Lanzilotti suffered any damages proximately caused by Greenberg's conduct. Without question, these issues are clearly beyond the ken of the average juror and require expert testimony. The judge, therefore, correctly granted summary judgment for Lanzilotti's failure to submit an expert report.
The judge also correctly granted summary judgment because exoneration is a predicate for a legal-malpractice claim arising from a criminal prosecution. In a legal-malpractice action against a criminal defense attorney, the cause of action does not accrue until the client is in some way exonerated. McKnight, supra, 197 N.J.at 182.7 Exoneration includes dismissal of a charge "or any disposition more beneficial to the criminal defendant than the original judgment." Ibid.(citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Any cause of action Lanzilotti may have had against Greenberg evaporated when Lanzilotti exhausted his federal appeals without any form of exoneration. He, thus, has no colorable legal-malpractice claim against Greenberg.
As for Lanzilotti's fraud claim, we first note that he argues, incorrectly, that the judge usurped the jury's function by determining the fraud issue and concluding there was no material misrepresentation. The judge did no such thing. The judge merely restated Greenberg's argument that "the elements of common law fraud have not been made out here. There is no material . . . misrepresentation that's been shown here by the plaintiff in this matter." The judge then granted summary judgment based on Lanzilotti's failure to submit an expert report and, alternatively, on the lack of exoneration. Thus, we reject Lanzilotti's argument that the judge usurped the jury's function by determining the fraud issue and concluding there was no material misrepresentation.
We also reject Lanzilotti's claim that he established the elements of common-law fraud. Fraud must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. Stoecker v. Echevarria, 408 N.J. Super. 597, 617 (App. Div), certif. denied, 200 N.J. 549 (2009). "To establish common-law fraud, a plaintiff must prove: '(1) a material misrepresentation of a presently existing or past fact; (2) knowledge or belief by the defendant of its falsity; (3) an intention that the other person rely on it; (4) reasonable reliance thereon by the other person; and (5) resulting damages.'" Banco Popular N. Am. v. Gandi, 184 N.J. 161, 172-73 (2005) (quoting Gennari v. Weichert Co. Realtors, 148 N.J. 582, 610 (1997)).
Lanzilotti argues that Greenberg made material misrepresentations about a plea agreement, which caused Lanzilotti damage, that is, a greater sentence than he would have received if he had cooperated.8 Lanzilotti admits that to establish the first element of fraud he "must first show that a plea agreement was in fact available and then that [Greenberg] communicated contrary information to him." To establish the first element, he relies on a purported letter from his sentencing attorney, which states that FBI agents had advised the attorney that Greenberg was offered, but rejected, a plea agreement to a charge that would not involve Lanzilotti's cooperation. Lanzilotti argues the letter creates a material dispute as to whether the government had, in fact, offered a plea agreement. He is wrong. The purported letter constitutes inadmissible hearsay and contains double hearsay, and it, therefore, cannot be used to defeat summary judgment. See R. 4:46-5 (requiring a party opposing summary judgment to respond by affidavits meeting the requirements of Rule 1:6-6, which requires affidavits to be "made on personal knowledge, setting forth only facts which are admissible in evidence to which the affiant is competent to testify"); El-Sioufi v. St. Peter's Univ. Hosp., 382 N.J. Super. 145, 164 (App. Div. 2005) (reiterating that only admissible evidence may form the factual basis for summary judgment).
Because there is no admissible evidence indicating the government offered a plea agreement, Lanzilotti cannot prove by clear and convincing evidence either that Greenberg made any material misrepresentations about a plea agreement or that any of Greenberg's statements about a plea agreement were false. He also cannot prove that he would have received a lesser sentence if he had cooperated.
Lanzilotti contends for the first time on appeal that Greenberg made a fraudulent omission about Lanzilotti's eligibility for a reduction of the mandatory minimum sentencing requirement pursuant to "federal safety valve," 18 U.S.C.A. 3553(f). Although we should decline to consider this contention, we nevertheless conclude it lacks merit.
Lanzilotti was not eligible for the "federal safety valve" because he had a supervisory role in a continuing drug-trafficking scheme. 18 U.S.C.A. 3553(f)(4). Also, he did not cooperate as required by 18 U.S.C.A. 3553(f)(5). He had numerous opportunities to cooperate but refused to do so despite knowing that he faced thirty years to life imprisonment and would likely receive a lesser sentence if he cooperated. Greenberg advised him to consider cooperating prior to sentencing and Lanzilotti refused to do so even when represented by a different attorney. Accordingly, his fraudulent-omission claim fails.
Associates, as a defendant in this matter. We shall refer to both defendants collectively as "Greenberg."
2 Lanzilotti was also indicted on similar charges in New Jersey. Greenberg represented Lanzilotti in the New Jersey matter, as well. That representation is not the subject of this appeal.
3 18 U.S.C.A. app. 1A3.1 to 8F1.1.
4 The reduced sentence was based on a "38" base offense level with a two-level enhancement for Lanzilotti's supervisory role and a two-level enhancement for obstruction of justice.
5 Greenberg also raises the collateral estoppel argument in this appeal, which we reject. Lanzilotti does not seek to collaterally attack and overturn his sentence. He seeks damages resulting from Greenberg's alleged legal malpractice and fraudulent misrepresentations. These claims were never previously litigated on the merits, and thus, are not barred. See Hennessey v. Winslow Twp., 183 N.J. 593, 599 (2005).
6 Lanzilotti also contended his perjury did not bar recovery because Greenberg "provided [him] with a false script for his testimony." There is no factual support whatsoever for this contention, and thus, we reject it.
7 Similarly, in Pennsylvania exoneration is a predicate for a legal-malpractice claim arising from a criminal prosecution. See Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A.2d 108, 115 (Pa. 1993) (indicating that "a plaintiff will not prevail in an action in criminal malpractice unless and until he has pursued post-trial remedies and obtained relief which was dependent upon attorney error").
8 We decline to consider Lanzilotti's argument, raised for the first time on appeal, that his damages also consist of "additional legal fees he had to pay [Greenberg] to take this case to trial, and had to suffer through several days of an extended trial, and then suffered additional monetary damages when he had to hire additional attorneys to seek a reduction in his sentence." See State v. Robinson, 200 N.J. 1, 20 (2009); Alloway v. Gen. Marine Indus., L.P., 149 N.J. 620, 643 (1997).


"Magnetic three states of matter: A quantum Monte Carlo study of spin liquids," Y. Kamiya, Y. Kato, J. Nasu, and Y. Motome, Phys. Rev. B. 92, 100403(R) (2017).
 "Anyons in an exactly solved model and beyond," A. Kitaev, Ann. Phys. 321, 2 (2006).
 "Designing Kitaev Spin Liquids in Metal-Organic Frameworks," M. G. Yamada, H. Fujita, and M. Oshikawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 057202 (2017).


text:
Master in Sports and Entertainment Business
Advertising Degrees
Business Administration Degrees
Business Communications Degrees
Business Management Degrees
Communications Degrees
Construction Management Degrees
Contract Management Degrees
Customer Service Degrees
Data Analysis Degrees
Ecommerce and Social Media Degrees
Economics Degrees
Finance Degrees
Hospitality Management Degrees
Human Resources Degrees
International Business Degrees
Marketing Degrees
Office Management Degrees
Operations Management Degrees
Organizational Management Degrees
Organizational Psychology Degrees
Retail and Merchandising Degrees
Risk Management Degrees
Supply Chain Management Degrees
Careers in Marketing
Careers in Accounting
Careers in Economics
Careers in Human Resources
Associate in Sports and Entertainment Business
Bachelor in Sports and Entertainment Business
Careers in Sports & Entertainment Business
Certificate in Sports and Entertainment Business
Doctoral in Sports and Entertainment Business
Executive MBA Degree
How to Become A Financial Analyst
Mba in Project Management
MBA in Sports and Entertainment Business
Online MBA Finance Programs
Sports Management MBA
Home » Subjects » Business Degrees »Sports and Entertainment Business Degrees
Sports Business Degree
Studies in sports and entertainment business can lead students to extremely rewarding careers. In addition to being a growing industry, it also offers some of the most challenging jobs around. The demand for professionals with knowledge and skills to manage various sectors within this industry is increasing year by year. Pursuing degree programs in sports and entertainment business enables students to have a strong theoretical foundation in various aspects and branches of this field.
Degree Programs in Sports and Entertainment Business
Students who are keen to establish careers in sports and entertainment business can choose from a wide array of degree programs offered in this area of specialization to increase their prospects of doing so. They can opt for various degree programs such as:
Associate's degree program in sports and entertainment business
Bachelor's degree program in sports and entertainment business
Master's degree program in sports and entertainment business
MBA degree program in sports and entertainment business
An associate's degree program in sports and entertainment business may take 2 years to complete while bachelor's degree program may stretch for 4 years. However, these degree programs can also be finished in less or more time depending on the format. These degrees help learners to increase their chances for being hired to entry-level positions within the sports and entertainment industries. Master's and MBA degree programs are the most sought-after ones in this area. Students can become eligible for applying for a number of jobs by earning master's level degrees in sports and entertainment business. There are a number of courses covered in these programs. Some of them include:
Principles of sports management
Pubic relations
Legal aspects of sports and entertainment business
Understanding the business of the entertainment industry
Online Programs in Sports and Entertainment Business
There are a number of online accredited institutes that offer degree programs in sports and entertainment business. Students who cannot enroll in the regular degree programs can apply in the online courses and work towards earning valuable academic credentials. The online learning model is based on a lot convenience and flexibility. Students can attend classes from any location and do their assignments at any time. The cost of these programs is also more affordable than the fee of the campus based degree programs in sports and entertainment business.
The jobs prospects for sports and entertainment business professionals are also bright. According to statistics given on O*NET, up to 19% growth within the 2010-2020 period has been estimated in the employment of Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes, which reportedly have a median wage of $63,370 annually as of 2012. However, the precise salary of sports and entertainment business managers will depend on their degree level, expertise and experience.
How Long Does It Take to Complete a Sports Business Degree?
Educational institutes such as Rutgers University, University of Northwestern Ohio and Monroe Community College are offering Sports Business degrees. Students can enroll in a 2-year long Associate of Science (A.S) in Sports Management or a 4-year long Bachelor of Arts (B.A) in Administration Sports and Entertainment Marketing. Students can also pursue a 1 to 2 year long Master of Science (M.S) in Global Sports Business.
What Are the Requirements to Complete a Sports Business Degree?
The Associate of Science (A.S) in Sports Management requires students to complete around 62 credit hours, the Bachelor of Arts (B.A) in Administration Sports and Entertainment Marketing requires students to complete approximately 180 units, and the Master of Science (M.S) in Global Sports Business requires students to complete 40 credit hours. They have to study a range of modules such as Sports Management, Sports Media and Pop Culture, Sports Performance Coaching, Principles of Marketing and Sports Marketing.
How Much Can I Make after Completing a Sports Business Degree?
With a Sports Business Degree, students can work in fields like; Sports Promotion, Athletic Administration, Equipment Development and Retail, Facility and Event Management, and Sports Marketing. O*Net Online has reported that Business Managers and Agents of Athletes, Performers, and Artists made an annual median salary of $66,040 in May 2018. The job outlook data predicts that employment opportunities for these professionals will increase from 7% to 10% from 2018 to 2028.
The salary figures mentioned above are taken from Click Here
Q:Where can athletic trainers work?
A:Athletic trainers are professionals who prevent, diagnose and treat muscle and bone related injuries and illnesses. The majority of athletic trainers are found working in colleges and universities to provide their services to members of the sports teams. They also work in the offices of health care practitioners, hospitals, fitness and recreation centers, and in nursing and residential care facilities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


October 08, in the frame of Amber Festival , a new collaborative network has been founded by a group of artists and cultural operators, coming from Caucasus, middle east and Europe. Abdo Nawar( Shams) and Claudine Dussollier(ZINC) are for RAMI Plat-form founding members.
amberNetwork is a new network in the region of Middle East, Caucasian and Turkic Countries, between individual artists and organizations working and producing in the field of Art and Technology. This project emerged from the lack of contact and exchange among artists in the mentioned region. This is true of arts in general and especially true of the emerging field of Arts and Technology . Turkey as a country and Istanbul as its largest city have a developing art scene that traverses between diverse geographies, cultures and religions. We believe that an Istanbul based network will be very useful and efficient to develop the cultural exchange and mobility of artists and artworks. amber Network was initiated within amberFestival. The first meeting held on 16th November 2008 in İstanbul with the participations from Turkey, Iran, Palestine, Kyrgyz Republic, Armenia, Lebanon, Marseille, Greece and Belgium.
Such a network is important for developing cultural exchange of an artistic dimension among countries that become members of the network as well as the larger regions they form part. We believe that it will constitute an institutional framework of production and communication that will be beneficial to the artists and to their far and close neighbors. In a broader sense, this project aims to promote and serve the idea that exchange of all sorts promotes contact and that contact bears an unconditional potential for universal understanding. We believe that the uncanniness and inherent curiosity of the art form is a good means for cultural exchange and contact.
amberNetwork aims at connecting individual artists, art technicians and organizations that are working in the field of Arts and Technology, in Middle East, Caucasian, Balkan and Turkic Countries.
• To create a smooth passage over Istanbul between European countries and middle eastern and Turkic countries.
The art and technology circles in Turkey have had a continuous and developing relationship with similar circles in Europe and the Balkans. The art and technology festivals/platforms that took place in Turkey in the recent years all featured artists and experts from most regions of Europe, including the Balkans but lacked in terms of artists who are not from Europe. Even though there is an established group of artists who combine digital technologies with artistic concerns in the former Soviet Republics, the Middle East, Turkic Countries and North Africa, these artists are not well known in Turkey. The latter's art circles are mostly interested in gaining access to the European art world. In sum, Turkish art circles in general and Art and Technology circles in particular lack when it comes to establishing relationships with their non-European counterparts.
This project aims to remedy this situation by establishing a new international network of artists and art professionals from the area that lies to the East and South of Turkey, the cluster of regions that are non-European. The objective is to bring together in Istanbul a new art World that, Turkish artists, researchers and cultural institutions have not had access and/or interest before. By doing so, the project will open a space in which art operators and artists of member countries will have better access to non-European artists who are working in the field of art and technology. At the same time, it aims to make Istanbul an art center that does not only orient towards Europe, to its West but also to the parts of the World about whose artistic output the Turkish art public has little or no knowledge. amberNetwork roughly targets the following countries: Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Bulgaria, Greece.


Are you able to sit on the outside and watch whats going on on the inside?
These are questions that are often raised when people get more and more interested in the practice of 'yoga'. Once the journey of Asana begins at some later stage there becomes a need for more peace and tranquillity that leads to the beauty of sitting in silence – better known as meditation.
Sitting in silence for 5, 10 – 20 minutes or more a day can enhance more ability to stop reacting and begin responding.
Why don't you try it. Set yourself up with a space that is constantly there, i.e. a yoga block to sit on or a cushion or even a folded blanket that you can just grab and have available in the same spot everyday. Don't even try and plan a time to start with just sit when you have time for as long as you have time for.
I often find that the more pressure you put on yourself – i.e. I must sit for 15 mins everyday at 6.30am, then the less likely it is to happen – give yourself some freedom to sit when you can and have some time.
Maybe have some nice things around, i.e. candle, photo of a chosen guru or something beautiful (sunset), use meditation music if you like (or not!), and maybe a crystal or incense – these aren't at all essential and if it causes stress thinking about arranging that then LEAVE it!
Diets do not work for weight loss!
By adminhb|2017-02-23T18:41:36+01:00August 3rd, 2013|Blog, Yoga|Comments Off on Can you ignore your minds chatter?


Heat things up in our Envy V-Neck Tankini with its stunning v-shaped neckline and HAPARI's signature coverage and support. Envy is a new print with some serious tropical style. Bright white and blue florals contrast on the black background for a sultry look. The V-Neck Tankini features secret pockets for Illusions™ and three-way straps for a personalized style and fit. Pair this top with Black or White Bottoms.


all in my "lunch hour"
Last night spin training hills and sprint session. V hard.
It felt faster but timer said only 1 minute 8 seconds faster than last week. 3 miles 33.28 av speed 5.3 mph. Not the quickest but will get better. Plus it was dark, raining, windy, half cross country, 6 gates 2 cattle grids and a numpty in a 4x4 pulling a trailer slowed me down. Honest.
Yesterday I got back in the saddle in front of a fitness class so they sweated to my choice of music and were pushed to a 7.5 minute hill climb finale.
Today a bimble around on the ridge geocaching, found my first one. Nerd alert!
Very hard session 7.6 miles hill training. Thought I was going to die. More uphill than down, down was suicidal due to road conditions, hairpin bends and flail hedge trimmer. Will do again as its not far from home and only took 45 mins. Be a good building block for the 321 challenge next year.
New challenge decided for 2015. Its a biggy, once the publicity pics are created then all will be revealed but it does involve a bike, a dog, a big bike ride and a long walk. Some mountains and very little sleep.
Good news is doc says I am not ill, just injured. Results of lots of tests show all negative, CT scan to go but confidence is high that I have "simply" hurt myself rather than anything sinister. Huge sigh of relief celebrated by huge breakfast.
45 mins of stationary cycling bit at least it was outside. 17.3 Km av hr 117 max 138 steady pace building session.
Please support this epic adventure!


And upload a sitemap.xml file - I spent ages trying to find a way to generate for these pesky sitemap.xml files and found this sitemap generator. It's fantastic and does loads of additional stuff such as point out 404 errors and broken links.
I'll go on about xml sitemaps and their importance to Google, Yahoo, Ask, MSN/Live when I have more time.


Netflix Renews '13 Reasons Why' For a Third Season!!! | Welcome to Moviz Ark!
Netflix Renews '13 Reasons Why' For a Third Season!!!
"13 Reasons Why" was renewed for a third season on Netflix, the streaming company announced on Wednesday.
The third season, which will debut in 2019, will consist of 13 episodes. Brian Yorkey will return as showrunner, with Joy Gorman, Mandy Teefey, Kristel Laiblin, Tom McCarthy, Steve Golin and Selena Gomez returning as executive producers.
The renewal of the controversial teen drama comes weeks after it debuted its second season, which premiered May 18.
The first season of the drama received both praise and criticism for its graphic depiction of teen suicide. During the second season, a scene in which Devin Druid's character Tyler is violently sexually assaulted in a bathroom with a mop handle was met with controversy.
Viewers of the show were divided on that scene: Some say that showing a sexual assault in such graphic detail is too disturbing, while others say it needs to be shown to portray the pain that some teenagers experience. For his part, Yorkey defended the scene.
The show is produced by Paramount Television and Anonymous Content for Netflix.
Watch Netflix's announcement video on the show's twitter account below.
← Tarantino's 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood' Adds Damian Lewis, Dakota Fanning Among Others!!


Ok, first, let's all agree that there was likely a collective groan at the mere mention of the world Millennial. The Pew Research Center defines this generational group as anyone born between 1981 and 1996, and it's a generation that has been obsessed over by marketers, blamed for quote-unquote killing everything from American Cheese to marriage, golf to motorcycles, and above all discussed ad nauseam.
No matter what you say about the attitudes surrounding a particular generation, there are still differences between each generation. Compared to their grandparents (according to the Pew Research Center), millennials are better educated, more racially diverse, and face significant economic pressures that their grandparents didn't. It's also a generation more willing to make less money in exchange for a life they're excited to live.


On Sunday evening, August 23, quite a few members of the Frederick County Promenaders Square Dance Club, along with several dancers from the Hagerstown Gad-Abouts Square Dance Club and the Four County Squares, performed a demo at the Baker Park band shell from 6:30-6:55. It was the perfect venue, as the park was packed with people who came to watch the Sunday evening concert.
With Art LaVigne as our caller, we danced a pattern and tip, and then invited people from the audience to participate. Once the experienced dancers and audience members were "squared up", we had at least five squares dancing. Judging from the smiles and laughter of everyone involved, everyone had a great time.
See the gallery for pictures of the event!


EXECUTIVE ACCESS: WaterColor guests staying at this 360 Blue property have access to 5 award winning community pools, 2 tennis courts at both Shark's Tooth Club and at WaterColor, limited tee time access to award winning Shark's Tooth and Camp Creek Golf Courses, 20% off daily or weekly passes at the WaterColor Fitness Center and complimentary use of any two kayaks, canoes and other amenities offered at the WaterColor boathouse for one hour at no additional charge during each day of stay.
DETAILS: Sophisticated style reigns in this multi-family residence with accommodations for six in our Beach District. Inside, a neutral background allows artwork to shine, while the Gulf takes center stage outside. The living room is furnished with a beautiful white queen sleeper sofa and a love seat. Both face the entertainment area with a flat screen television and DVD player. The dining area features a white washed table that seats six. Honey-toned cabinets and stainless steel appliances provide a nice atmosphere for cooking in the kitchen. The serene mood continues in the master bedroom, where the king bed faces a unique hand-painted armoire containing a television. The private bath has a double vanity, jetted tub, and walk-in shower. A second bedroom is furnished with a queen bed, television with a DVD player, and adjoins a bath with a walk-in shower and single vanity. Glass doors in the living room and master bedroom provide access to the furnished balcony, where partial views of the breathtaking Gulf can be enjoyed from the third floor vantage point. This residence is adjacent to the Beach Club and only one block from Town Center shopping and dining.
Working with 360 Blue made our holiday so easy. They provided clear and helpful instructions via their website. Condo was spacious and well maintained. Bikes were well maintained and were great fun! We would highly recommend this condo and will definitely stay here again.
Always enjoy the spaciousness of 20 Goldenrod Circle #302. The addition of bunkbeds in the 2nd bedroom do jam up the space available when two couples are using the facility.
We are so delighted that you all enjoyed your vacation with us in Watercolor! Thank you for staying with 360 Blue, we hope to see you again soon!
Beautiful unit! Very clean, very comfortable—GREAT location! 3 ladies needing some friendship time and it was the perfect place for us! Met all of our needs! Beautiful view of ocean and sunset! I'd only recommend adding some coasters to protect the tables! :) highly recommend and hope to return some day!
We are so glad that you enjoyed your stay with us in Watercolor for a memorable girls trip! We agree that this condo is the perfect spot to make lasting memories and get to and from all the wonderful shops and dining in the Watercolor and Seaside area! Thank you for staying with 360 Blue, we hope to see you again soon!


text:
Presidential Directors Ralph & Andra Williams
The Williams compiled an interesting combined resume: Ralph, a retired army pilot and officer, and Andra, a registered nurse, realtor and exchange student coordinator. The Williams knew all about working harder and were ready to work smarter when they found Kynect. Andra with her sales background enjoyed talking to people and had a drive for success. Yet that drive was contingent upon a feeling that she was helping people. For his part, Ralph was a bit quieter, but had military discipline and consistency in his favor. Today, the Williams enjoy the freedom and flexibility their Kynect business has afforded them. Andra loves the fact that she is helping others build a future. And Ralph, shedding his former shyness, can't stop talking about Kynect. "All six of our children work Kynect, too, so it's like heaven on earth," Andra says. "Our last career stop is by far the most fulfilling," Ralph says.


text:
/Spain to invest ...
Spain to invest €235 billion to tackle climate change over next decade
It comes as the country sets a target of 100% renewable electricity by 2050.
Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has vowed to spend €235 billion over the next 10 years in a bid to combat climate change in Spain.
He apologised for the country's inaction on climate change over the last decade, which he blamed on the hostile economic crisis Spain suffered for around six years.
A new energy and climate change plan is expected to be submitted soon to the European Union, revealed Sanchez, which will see investments of €235 billion from 2021-2030.
He added that a new eco-friendly legislation will be presented to parliament by the end of January.
"Spain is ready to contribute to creating a global economy that is prosperous, fair and ecological," the PM announced at a high-level discussion in Madrid.
Sanchez added that he is aiming for the newly eco-conscious country to become 'socially just', while keeping labourers such as coal miners in mind, who are set to lose their jobs as Spain plans to switch to 100% renewable electricity by 2050.
Written by BayRadio


The 26th August, 2017 marks 50 years since Burt Munro completed his record breaking run at the Bonneville Salts in Utah. He set an under 1000cc class record of 295.453 km/h (183.59 mph) among others and in 2006 he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame. The Southland Motorcycle Club are holding special beach races on the 26th August 2017 at Oreti Beach to celebrate Burt Munro's record breaking achievements.
More information and entry forms will be available soon on the Southland Motorcycle Club (SMCC) website.


The second weekly Goa Lotteries that is the Rajshree Cosmos will announce their results for 06th February 2019. Apart from Rajshree Gomti, the Goa state also conduct Rajshree Cosmos Lottery on a weekly basis with the next result to be announced on 06th February 2019 i.e. Wednesday.
Our website Gamblingindiainfo keeps a close check on all the lotteries conducted by the Goa Government and we upload the results as soon as they are revealed. Rajshree Cosmos have 6 different prize money, the minimum amount is Rs 120/- which is for the fifth prize, Rs 250/- for the fourth, Rs 300/- for the third, Rs 9000/- for the second and the grand prize is of Rs 26 Lakhs. There is one consolation prize as well which is of Rs 1000/-.


text:
South African mathematician elected as first President of the International Science Council
Daya Reddy, an internationally recognized mathematician from South Africa, was elected to the position at the Council's founding General Assembly. Peter Gluckman of New Zealand became the President-elect.
The newly elected Officers of the International Science Council, 4 July 2018. Photo: Simon Cassanas for ISC
Paris, 4 July 2018 — At its founding General Assembly held in Paris, the members of the International Science Council elected Reddy to represent the Council for the first three years of its existence.
Reddy was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. He obtained his Bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Cape Town, and a PhD degree from Cambridge University. He was appointed professor of applied mathematics at the University of Cape Town in 1989, and served as dean of its science faculty from 1999 – 2005. He currently holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He has served as President of the Academy of Science of South Africa, and is an elected Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences and of TWAS, The World Academy of Sciences.
He is currently co-chair of the research branch of the InterAcademy Partnership, a network of some 130 national science academies of science and health sciences. He has held numerous visiting positions, including those of Visiting Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Computational Sciences and Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, and the Timoshenko Lecturer at Stanford University. He is a recipient of the Award for Research Distinction of the South African Mathematical Society, the Order of Mapungubwe from the President of South Africa, and of the Georg Forster Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.
"I am honoured by the confidence ISC members have placed in me at this historic juncture for international science", he said, adding: "Our task is daunting, but unity is strength and I am confident that the combined forces of our membership across all scientific disciplines will enable us to meet the ambitious goal we have, to assert ourselves as the global voice for science."
The International Science Council is a new global organization representing more than 180 scientific organizations from all around the globe. The new Council will be the only non-governmental global body representing both the natural and social sciences, and results from the historic merger of the International Social Science Council (ISSC) with the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Led by a Governing Board, the Council will develop an impact-oriented agenda focusing on science for policy and policy for science, aimed at enabling international research coordination to contribute more effectively to major issues in the international public domain.
"This merger has been many years in the making, and as President-elect and an Executive Board Officer of ICSU I had the privilege of following the process in the front row," continued Reddy, adding "I want to use this opportunity to thank very sincerely the many individuals who have committed enormous energy and time to bringing it to fruition."
Reddy's research interests lie in the domain of mathematical modelling, analysis and simulation in mechanics. He has made significant contributions to theories of complex material behaviour, and to the development of stable and convergent methods of computational approximation. He maintains an active engagement in biomechanics, including research into aspects of cardiovascular mechanics.
The Council was officially launched this week in Paris, during events hosted by the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. The programme includes a public-facing launch event featuring high level keynote speakers as well as high level representatives of the French government and the scientific community on July 5.
At the second General Assembly of the new Council, which will be held in 2021, the Presidency will pass to Peter Gluckman.
The other elected Officers of the Governing Board are:
Elisa Reis (Vice President)
Jinghai Li (Vice President)
Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Secretary)
Renée van Kessel (Treasurer)
About the International Science Council (ISC)
The International Science Council (ISC) is a non-governmental organization with a global membership of more than 180 organizations, including national scientific bodies, International Scientific Unions and Associations, and Affiliated Members.
The ISC was created in 2018 as the result of a merger between the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC). This makes the Council the unique representative body of both the natural and the social sciences.
More information about ISC is available on its website, http://www.council.science
Denise Young, Head of Communications, International Science Council – denise.young@council.science, +33 6 51 15 19 52
Lizzie Sayer, Communications Officer, International Science Council – lizzie.sayer@council.science, +33 6 22 34 44 83
Public launch event of the Council explores values of science and links between science, politics and society
International Science Council holds first General Assembly in Paris
Celebrating the official launch of the International Science Council
Latest updates on the launch of the International Science Council
Statutes and Rules of Procedure
Two regional meetings held in Cartagena de Indias
Electronic ICSU General Assembly to approve ICSU-ISSC merger treaty opens 11 May
Call for expressions of interest to host the 2nd General Assembly of the International Science Council
Call for Nominations: International Science Council Governing Board
The ICSU/ISSC merger, explained
World's leading bodies of social and natural sciences to merge in 2018, becoming "International Science Council"
ICSU's global membership meets in Taipei for 32nd General Assembly
IRDR names Qunli Han as new Executive Director
Professor Mazlan Othman appointed as new Director of ICSU ROAP
What do members have to say about the proposed ICSU-ISSC draft strategy?
ICSU/ISSC hold meetings to plan strategy and governance for merger
ICSU President to receive International Meterological Prize from WMO
New report from scientific experts provides a unique guide to translate Sustainable Development Goals into reality
ICSU Regional Office for Africa publishes reviewed Science Plans
21st Meeting of the ROLAC Regional Committee held in Havana, Cuba
ICSU and ISSC Transition Task Force meets to discuss possible structures for new merged council for all the sciences
ICSU and ISSC hold high-level strategy workshop to inform proposed merger
Scientists and experts gather in Paris to define strategy for a new organization for all sciences
Members of Strategy Working Group and Transition Task Force appointed to develop frameworks for possible ICSU-ISSC merger
Former ICSU President M.G.K. Menon passes away
World's top bodies representing the social and natural sciences vote to pursue a merger, forming a single organization representing all social and natural sciences by 2018
Chad Gaffield becomes President-Elect of the Royal Society of Canada
ICSU's response to the 2014 External Review
Call to host the ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Carribean
Call for nominations: Scientific Committee for Health and Wellbeing in the Changing Urban Environment: a Systems Analysis Approach
New Scientific Committee and Chair appointed for ICSU World Data System
New members of the Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the conduct of Science announced
Jenny Baeseman appointed SCAR Executive Director
International Council for Science announces Dr. Heide Hackmann to be Executive Director and Dr. Lucilla Spini, Head of Science Programmes
Future Earth Engagement Committee announced
ICSU publishes report of External Review Panel
External Review of ICSU (2014)
Call for nominations: ICSU Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the conduct of Science
Invitation to ICSU Members to host the CFRS secretariat
International Cartographic Association becomes member of ICSU
Canadian climate scientist is new President of the International Council for Science
South African mathematician elected as next President of the International Council for Science
Leading scientists from around the world gather in Auckland for key strategy summit of scientific organizations
Call for nominations: ICSU Executive Board
Carolina Vera appointed to Future Earth Science Committee, Jane Lubchenco steps down
Future Earth Interim Engagement Committee announced
Prof. Malegapuru Makgoba honoured with the Order of Mapungubwe
Videos of the 30th General Assembly
ICSU President Yuan Tseh Lee receives French National Order of Merit
Government of Malaysia and ICSU sign five-year agreement to host ICSU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
ICSU's new Executive Director appointed
Responsibilities of scientists underlined by scientific community
Nobel Prize winning scientist is new President of ICSU
Canadian climate scientist elected as next President of the International Council for Science
Global science community to gather in Rome


Volcano ERUPTS Without Warning After "Experts" Assure that Earthquake "Swarms" Meant Nothing!
A volcano erupted suddenly in central Costa Rica today, belching smoke and ash up to 3,000m (9,840ft) into the air. The volcanic ash is settling on several cities, sending hundreds of people to hospitals, complaining of breathing difficulties and skin problems. This took place despite assurances from Geological "experts" who said that swarms of small earthquakes in and near the volcano for the past few weeks "are not signs of an imminent eruption." Some of those same "experts" have said the exact same words about three volcanoes on the US west coast which have suddenly begun experiencing earthquake swarms: Mt. Saint Helens, Mt. Hood and Mt. Rainier in Oregon and Washington states.
When the Costa Rica volcano erupted today, the "experts" were stunned and the public was totally unprepared. Will this be the case on the US west coast as well?
Throughout Costa Rica, some schools were shut and some flights into the country cancelled or diverted.
Costa Rica's National Emergencies Commission has advised people to wear masks and tight clothing to protect their lungs and skin.
"It seems to me to be the strongest (Turrialba) eruption in the past six years," volcanologist Gino Gonzalez told reporters.
Earthquake Swarms – Assurances of "No Eruption"
Prior to this eruption, there were several weeks of small earthquake swarms in-and-around the volcano, which experts did not believe signaled an eruption. When the volcano erupted today, experts were shocked and the public was completely unprepared.
Similar swarms of earthquakes have begun at three US volcanoes, Mt. Saint Helens and Mt.Hood, in Oregon and Mt. Rainier in Washington. Experts have told the public there "is no sign of imminent eruption" at any of these volcanoes, but given the exact same assurances were offered to the people in Costa Rica, one may have good cause to question the validity of those assurances.
You can read the story about the THREE US volcanoes that are experiencing earthquake swarms, HERE and learn how to prepare just in case the experts in the US are as WRONG as the experts in Costa Rica!
GOVERNMENT EXPERTS,are ALWAYS paid LIEING WHORES,when will the people start using their eyes and STOP listening to these EXPERTS,who don't have anymore of a clue then any 6 th grader does……..
Da Sh!t be hittin da fan, now! According to my appraisal of astronomical events, I predict we will see a rapid increase in earth quakes and volcanoes, accelerating to a zenith in about September of 2017. Then the space rocks will come. It's a tough call for preppers. Before you take off to your bunkers in the highland plains of Colorado and Wyoming, you might want to consider what will happen if Yellowstone blows. Eventually, coastal areas will become graveyards, but before massive pole shift and meteor splashes, allot of nasty stuff can happen far inland. I recommend retaining the ability to stay mobile.
Mt. Hood is in Oregon, Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Rainier are in Washington.


text:
CURRENT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
source "${CURRENT_DIR}/../integration_test_setup.sh" \
  || { echo "integration_test_setup.sh not found!" >&2; exit 1; }

# Appends to "WORKSPACE" the declaration of 2 local repositories.
# Assumes the main content of WORKSPACE was created previously.
function add_local_repos_to_workspace() {
  cat >> WORKSPACE <<EOF
local_repository(
  name = "repo",
  path = "a/b"
)

local_repository(
  name = "main_repo",
  path = "c/d"
)
EOF
}

# Appends to the WORKSPACE file under a given path (the first argument) the dependencies needed
# for proto_library.
function write_workspace() {
  workspace=""
  if [ ! -z "$1" ];
  then
    workspace=$1
    mkdir -p "$workspace"
  fi

  cat >> "$workspace"WORKSPACE << EOF
# TODO(#9029): May require some adjustment if/when we depend on the real
# @rules_python in the real source tree, since this third_party/ package won't
# be available.
new_local_repository(
    name = "rules_python",
    path = "$(dirname $(rlocation io_bazel/third_party/rules_python/rules_python.WORKSPACE))",
    build_file = "$(rlocation io_bazel/third_party/rules_python/BUILD)",
    workspace_file = "$(rlocation io_bazel/third_party/rules_python/rules_python.WORKSPACE)",
)

load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")

http_archive(
    name = "rules_proto",
    strip_prefix = "rules_proto-7e4afce6fe62dbff0a4a03450143146f9f2d7488",
    sha256 = "8e7d59a5b12b233be5652e3d29f42fba01c7cbab09f6b3a8d0a57ed6d1e9a0da",
    urls = [
        "https://mirror.bazel.build/github.com/bazelbuild/rules_proto/archive/7e4afce6fe62dbff0a4a03450143146f9f2d7488.tar.gz",
        "https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_proto/archive/7e4afce6fe62dbff0a4a03450143146f9f2d7488.tar.gz",
    ],
)
load("@rules_proto//proto:repositories.bzl", "rules_proto_dependencies", "rules_proto_toolchains")
rules_proto_dependencies()
rules_proto_toolchains()

# @com_google_protobuf//:protoc depends on @io_bazel//third_party/zlib.
new_local_repository(
    name = "io_bazel",
    path = "$(dirname $(rlocation io_bazel/third_party/rules_python/rules_python.WORKSPACE))/../..",
    build_file_content = "# Intentionally left empty.",
    workspace_file_content = "workspace(name = 'io_bazel')",
)
EOF
}

# Creates directories and files with the structure:
#  x/
#   person/
#     BUILD
#     person.proto (imports "bar/bar.proto", has strip_import_prefix = "")
#     phonenumber/
#       phonenumber.proto
#   phonebook/
#     BUILD
#     phonebook.proto (imports "person.proto" & "phonenumber/phonenumber.proto")
#
# The BUILD files could use directly "proto_library" rules or a macro called
# "proto_library_macro" that should be created beforehand using write_macro().
#
# Expected arguments:
# 1. The name of the proto library rule. Can be "proto_library" or
#    "proto_library_macro".
# 2. A row in the BUILD file that specifies the strip_import_prefix attribute on
#    proto_library. Should be left empty if a macro is used.
# 3. A load statement that includes a macro containing a wrapper around
#     proto_library.
function write_setup() {
  mkdir -p x/person/phonenumber
  proto_library_name=$1
  extra_attribute=$2
  include_macro=$3
  if [ "${include_macro}" -eq "" ]; then
    include_macro="load('@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl', 'proto_library')"
  fi

  cat > x/person/BUILD << EOF
package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
$include_macro
$proto_library_name(
  name = "person_proto",
  srcs = ["person.proto"],
  deps = [":phonenumber_proto"],
  $extra_attribute
)

$proto_library_name(
  name = "phonenumber_proto",
  srcs = ["phonenumber/phonenumber.proto"],
  $extra_attribute
)
EOF

  cat > x/person/person.proto << EOF
syntax = "proto2";

option java_package = "person";
option java_outer_classname = "Person";

import "phonenumber/phonenumber.proto";

message PersonProto {
  optional string name = 1;

  optional PhoneNumberProto phone = 2;
}
EOF

  cat > x/person/phonenumber/phonenumber.proto << EOF
syntax = "proto2";

option java_package = "person.phonenumber";
option java_outer_classname = "PhoneNumber";

message PhoneNumberProto {
  required string number = 1;
}
EOF

  mkdir -p x/phonebook

  cat > x/phonebook/BUILD << EOF
$include_macro
$proto_library_name(
  name = "phonebook",
  srcs = ["phonebook.proto"],
  deps = ["//x/person:person_proto"],
)
EOF

  cat > x/phonebook/phonebook.proto << EOF
import "person.proto";
import "phonenumber/phonenumber.proto";

message Agenda {
  required PersonProto person = 1;
  required PhoneNumberProto number = 2;
}
EOF
}

# Creates the files in the following directory structure:
#  proto_library/
#                BUILD <- empty
#                src/
#                    BUILD <- has target "all" for all .proto
#                    address.proto  <- imports "person.proto"
#                    person.proto   <- imports "address.proto"
#                    zip_code.proto
function write_regression_setup() {
  mkdir -p proto_library/src
  touch proto_library/BUILD

  cat > proto_library/src/BUILD << EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
    name = "all",
    srcs = glob(["*.proto"]),
    strip_import_prefix = "",
)
EOF

  cat > proto_library/src/address.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

// Always import protos with a full path relative to the WORKSPACE file.
import "zip_code.proto";

message Address {
  string city = 1;
  ZipCode zip_code = 2;
}
EOF

  cat > proto_library/src/person.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

// Always import protos with a full path relative to the WORKSPACE file.
import "address.proto";

message Person {
  string name = 1;
  int32 id = 2;
  string email = 3;
  Address address = 4;
}
EOF

  cat > proto_library/src/zip_code.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

message ZipCode {
  string code = 1;
}
EOF
}

# Creates the directories and files in following the structure:
#  a/b/
#      WORKSPACE <- workspace referenced as "repo"
#      BUILD <- empty
#      src/
#          BUILD <- "all_protos" with strip_import_prefix
#          address.proto <- imports "zip_code.proto"
#          zip_code.proto
#  c/d/
#      WORKSPACE <- workspace referenced as "main_repo"
#      BUILD <- empty
#      src/
#          BUILD <- "all_protos" with strip_import_prefix
#          person.proto <- imports "address.proto" and depends on @repo//src:all_protos
function write_workspaces_setup() {
  mkdir -p a/b/src

  touch a/b/BUILD
  cat > a/b/src/BUILD <<EOF
package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
  name = "all_protos",
  srcs = glob(["*.proto"]),
  strip_import_prefix = "",
)
EOF

  cat > a/b/src/address.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

// Always import protos with a full path relative to the WORKSPACE file.
import "zip_code.proto";

message Address {
  string city = 1;
  ZipCode zip_code = 2;
}
EOF

  cat > a/b/src/zip_code.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

message ZipCode {
  string code = 1;
}
EOF

  #### WORKSPACE(c/d) ####
  mkdir -p c/d/src

  touch c/d/BUILD

  cat > c/d/src/BUILD <<EOF
package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
  name = "all_protos",
  srcs = glob(["*.proto"]),
  strip_import_prefix = "",
  deps = ["@repo//src:all_protos"]
)
EOF

  cat > c/d/src/person.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package demo; // Required to generate valid code.

// Always import protos with a full path relative to the WORKSPACE file.
import "address.proto";

message Person {
  string name = 1;
  int32 id = 2;
  string email = 3;
  Address address = 4;
}
EOF

}

# Creates macros/BUILD and macros/proto_library_macro.bzl, which contains a
# macro that wraps the proto_library rule. The macro passes to proto_library the
# same "name", "srcs", "deps" and adds "strip_import_prefix=''"
# This will be a common use case for the "strip_import_prefix" attribute.
function write_macro() {
  mkdir macros
  cat > macros/BUILD << EOF
export_files(["proto_library_macro.bzl])
EOF

  cat > macros/proto_library_macro.bzl << EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
def proto_library_macro(name, srcs, deps = []):
  proto_library(
      name = name,
      srcs = srcs,
      deps = deps,
      strip_import_prefix = "",
  )
EOF
}

# Creates the directories and files from the following structure
#   java/com/google/src/
#                       BUILD
#                       A.java
function write_java_library() {
  # should depend on x/foo:foo
  mkdir -p java/com/google/src
  cat > java/com/google/src/BUILD << EOF
java_library(
  name = "top",
  srcs = ["A.java"],
  deps = [":jpl"]
)

java_proto_library(
  name = "jpl",
  deps = ["//x/person:person_proto"]
)
EOF

  cat > java/com/google/src/A.java << EOF
import person.Person.PersonProto;
import person.phonenumber.PhoneNumber.PhoneNumberProto;

public class A {
  private PersonProto person;

  public A(PersonProto person) {
    this.person = person;
    PhoneNumberProto number = person.getPhone();
  }
}

EOF

}

############# TESTS #############

function test_legacy_proto_library_include_well_known_protos() {
  write_workspace ""

  mkdir -p a
  cat > a/BUILD <<EOF
proto_library(
  name="a",
  srcs=["a.proto"],
  deps=[":b"],
)

proto_library(
  name="b",
  srcs=["b.proto"],
  deps=["@com_google_protobuf//:duration_proto"],
)
EOF

  cat > a/a.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package a;

import "a/b.proto";

message A {
  int32 a = 1;
  b.B b = 2;
}
EOF

  cat > a/b.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto3";

package b;

import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";

message B {
 int32 b = 1;
 google.protobuf.Duration timing = 2;
}
EOF

  bazel build //a:a || fail "build failed"
}

function test_javainfo_proto_aspect() {
  write_workspace ""

  mkdir -p java/proto/
  touch java/proto/my.proto
  cat > java/proto/BUILD << EOF
load(':my_rule_with_aspect.bzl', 'my_rule_with_aspect')
my_rule_with_aspect(
  name = 'my_rule',
  deps = [':my_java_proto']
)

java_proto_library(
  name = 'my_java_proto',
  deps = [':my_proto'],
)

proto_library(
  name = 'my_proto',
  srcs = ['my.proto'],
)
EOF

  cat > java/proto/my_rule_with_aspect.bzl <<EOF
def _my_rule_impl(ctx):
  aspect_java_infos = []
  for dep in ctx.attr.deps:
    aspect_java_infos += dep.my_aspect_providers
  merged_java_info = java_common.merge(aspect_java_infos)
  for jar in merged_java_info.transitive_runtime_jars.to_list():
    print('Transitive runtime jar', jar)

def _my_aspect_impl(target, ctx):
  aspect_java_infos = []
  for dep in ctx.rule.attr.deps:
    aspect_java_infos += dep.my_aspect_providers
  aspect_java_infos.append(target[JavaInfo])
  return struct(
    my_aspect_providers = aspect_java_infos
  )

my_aspect = aspect(
  attr_aspects = ['deps'],
  fragments = ['java'],
  implementation = _my_aspect_impl,
  required_aspect_providers = [[JavaInfo]]
)

my_rule_with_aspect = rule(
  implementation = _my_rule_impl,
  attrs = {
    'deps': attr.label_list(aspects = [my_aspect]),
  }
)
EOF
  bazel build java/proto:my_rule &> "$TEST_log"  || fail "build failed"
  expect_log "Transitive runtime jar <generated file java/proto/libmy_proto-speed.jar>"
}

function test_strip_import_prefix() {
  write_workspace ""
  write_setup "proto_library" "strip_import_prefix = '/x/person'" ""
  bazel build --verbose_failures //x/person:person_proto > "$TEST_log" || fail "Expected success"
}

function test_strip_import_prefix_fails() {
  write_workspace ""
  # Don't specify the "strip_import_prefix" attribute and expect failure.
  write_setup "proto_library" "" ""
  bazel build //x/person:person_proto >& "$TEST_log"  && fail "Expected failure"
  expect_log "phonenumber/phonenumber.proto: File not found."
}

function test_strip_import_prefix_macro() {
  write_workspace ""
  write_macro
  write_setup "proto_library_macro" "" "load('//macros:proto_library_macro.bzl', 'proto_library_macro')"
  bazel build //x/person:person_proto > "$TEST_log" || fail "Expected success"
}

# Fails with "IllegalArgumentException: external/lcocal_jdk in
# DumpPlatformClassPath.dumpJDK9AndNewerBootClassPath.java:67
function DISABLED_test_strip_import_prefix_with_java_library() {
  write_workspace ""
  write_setup "proto_library" "strip_import_prefix = '/x/person'" ""
  write_java_library
  bazel build //java/com/google/src:top \
      --strict_java_deps=off > "$TEST_log"  || fail "Expected success"
}

function test_strip_import_prefix_glob() {
  write_workspace ""
  write_regression_setup
  bazel build //proto_library/src:all >& "$TEST_log" || fail "Expected success"
}

function test_strip_import_prefix_multiple_workspaces() {
  write_workspace "a/b/"
  write_workspace "c/d/"
  write_workspace ""
  add_local_repos_to_workspace
  write_workspaces_setup

  bazel build @main_repo//src:all_protos >& "$TEST_log" || fail "Expected success"
}

function test_cc_proto_library() {
  write_workspace ""
  mkdir -p a
  cat > a/BUILD <<EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(name='p', srcs=['p.proto'])
cc_proto_library(name='cp', deps=[':p'])
cc_library(name='c', srcs=['c.cc'], deps=[':cp'])
EOF

  cat > a/p.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto2";
package a;
message A {
  optional int32 a = 1;
}
EOF

  cat > a/c.cc <<EOF
#include "a/p.pb.h"

void f() {
  a::A a;
}
EOF

  bazel build //a:c || fail "build failed"
}

function test_cc_proto_library_import_prefix_stripping() {
  write_workspace ""
  mkdir -p a/dir
  cat > a/BUILD <<EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(name='p', srcs=['dir/p.proto'], strip_import_prefix='/a')
cc_proto_library(name='cp', deps=[':p'])
cc_library(name='c', srcs=['c.cc'], deps=[':cp'])
EOF

  cat > a/dir/p.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto2";
package a;
message A {
  optional int32 a = 1;
}
EOF

  cat > a/c.cc <<EOF
#include "dir/p.pb.h"

void f() {
  a::A a;
}
EOF

  bazel build //a:c || fail "build failed"
}

function test_import_prefix_stripping() {
  mkdir -p e
  touch e/WORKSPACE
  write_workspace ""

  cat >> WORKSPACE <<EOF
local_repository(
  name = "repo",
  path = "e"
)
EOF

  mkdir -p e/f/bad
  cat > e/f/BUILD <<EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
  name = "f",
  strip_import_prefix = "bad",
  import_prefix = "good",
  srcs = ["bad/f.proto"],
  visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)
EOF

  cat > e/f/bad/f.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto2";
package f;

message F {
  optional int32 f = 1;
}
EOF

  mkdir -p g/bad
  cat > g/BUILD << EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
  name = 'g',
  strip_import_prefix = "/g/bad",
  import_prefix = "good",
  srcs = ['bad/g.proto'],
  visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)
EOF

  cat > g/bad/g.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto2";
package g;

message G {
  optional int32 g = 1;
}
EOF

  mkdir -p h
  cat > h/BUILD <<EOF
load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
proto_library(
  name = "h",
  srcs = ["h.proto"],
  deps = ["//g", "@repo//f"],
)
EOF

  cat > h/h.proto <<EOF
syntax = "proto2";
package h;

import "good/f.proto";
import "good/g.proto";

message H {
  optional f.F f = 1;
  optional g.G g = 2;
}
EOF

  bazel build //h || fail "build failed"
}

run_suite "Integration tests for proto_library"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: applying a list of Strings to an arbitrary function I'm trying to write a function which allows you to "apply" a list of Strings to an arbitrary function. Here's what I've got so far:
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, FlexibleInstances, OverlappingInstances, TypeFamilies #-}

class Apply a c
  where apply :: a -> [String] -> c

instance (Read a, Apply b c) => Apply (a -> b) c
  where apply _ [] = error "not enough arguments"
        apply f (x:xs) = apply (f (read x)) xs

instance (a ~ b) => Apply a b
  where apply f [] = f
        apply _ (_:_) = error "too many arguments"

Examples:
g1 :: Int -> Bool
g1 x = x > 10

g2 :: Bool -> Int -> Int
g2 b n = if b then 10*n else n-1

test1 = apply g1 ["3"]              -- False
test2 = apply g2 ["True", "33"]     -- 330
test3 = apply g2 ["False", "0"]     -- -1
test4 = apply g2 []                 -- error "not enough arguments"
test5 = apply g2 ["True", "3", "x"] -- error "too many arguments"
test6 = apply (length :: [Int] -> Int) ["[4,5,6]"]           -- 3
test7 = apply (tail :: [Char] -> [Char]) [ "['a','b','c']" ] -- "bc"

I'd like to write something like the following:
wrap :: (Show b, Apply a b) => a -> ([String] -> String)
wrap f xs = show $ apply f xs

but GHC complains with: Could not deduce (Show a0) arising from a use of 'show' ...
However, specific definitions work:
w1 xs = show $ apply g1 xs
w2 xs = show $ apply g2 xs

and result in functions of type [String] -> String:
test8 = w1 ["20"]          -- "True"
test9 = w2 ["False", "3" ] -- "2"

Is there a way I can get wrap to work? Is there a better way to implement apply?

A: You can also try changing the declaration of Apply to
class Apply a c | a -> c
     where apply :: a -> [String] -> c

And adding the FunctionalDependencies extension, your current wrap signature works
I believe this is all related to the Overlapping Instances error that you get after the "Could not deduce" error.

A: It seems to work if you add ScopedTypeVariables and write this:
wrap :: forall a b . (Show b, Apply a b) => a -> ([String] -> String)
wrap f xs = show (apply f xs :: b)

To be honest I'm not quite sure why this fixes it, but you're in delicate territory with the two overlapping instances for Apply and I think this was needed to persuade GHC to use the passed in Apply instance declared in the type signature of wrap instead of resolving the call to apply immediately with the a ~ b instance and then wanting Show for the type of f as a consequence.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Illinois need not adopt the exact reforms found in Wisconsin, Indiana or Michigan. But we sure need to move in that direction if we are going to compete for jobs.
One creative solution is available to us that has not been tried elsewhere. Under federal labor law, states may authorize their local communities to decide for themselves whether to embrace right-to-work. Why not empower Sangamon County, or Effingham County, or any of our other local governments to decide for themselves if they would like to compete for the jobs that come with new manufacturing plants or transportation facilities built by the many hundreds of companies that will consider expanding only in flexible work areas?
[Rauner] says "right-to-work" laws aren't his focus.
"Pushing any specific labor regulation is not my priority at all," Rauner said.
Yet, now it's suddenly a first-year priority.
Experts say it is unlikely Illinois will become a right-to-work state because the General Assembly is controlled by Democrats backed by unions that provide campaign contributions and volunteers. While Gov.-elect Bruce Rauner supports right-to-work zones, he is unlikely to tackle the issue as he faces larger issues such as a shortfall, pension obligations and a slow economic recovery.
"Illinois doesn't need right to work (laws) to compete with its neighbors," said [Illinois Chamber of Commerce Chief Executive Todd Maisch].
Maisch said the state should focus on measures that would move the economy forward, such as a bill to fund upgrades to the state's infrastructure. On that issue, he said, the chamber will work closely with labor to push lawmakers at the state and federal level to act on proposals.
"Business and labor do have joint agendas," Maisch said.
I'd call yesterday a "pivot to the right".
I am absolutely impressed by the comment from Maisch. Not even a talking point, just a statement of fact and where priorities can align.
In Bruce's world, you don't have the right to earn a decent living.
Rauner can babble and generate bogus charts all he wants…where's the beef, err bills?
Oh and once he gets some schmo to sponsor a bill, when will there be a floor vote? Details, Details. Can't wait till the SotS.
"Pushing any specific labor regulation is not my priority at all," Rauner was quoted in regards to right-to-work, Illinois Radio Network, 10-17-14.
Rauner needs to focus on issues that can actually be addressed and not waste political capital on issues that will not change. Focus on workers compensation and unemployment insurance (outside of the budget) would be the best route to making Illinois more competitive for jobs. In fact, those two issues would do more for job growth than right-to-work.
This is typical hypocritcal talk. It's ok for Bruce and his rich friends to make millions but, not the common worker. We all know what right to work means. It's to get rid of unions so, these companies can pay their employees pennies so, there buddies on wall st can make millions. I just wish these politicians would just come out and say it. They always like to hide behind the truth. Nothing but a bunch of crooks if you ask me. You wait one day the people of this country will turn on these people when their wages are so low they feel like they are living in a third world country.
"Right to Work" will be a political slogan for him, appealing to out of state national funders. His goal could become Washington.
Neither will actually occur, but they will continue to attract political support.
The Governors' doing a big favor for The Speaker who will probably just sit back and let that labor money roll in..
Is "causation" truly a more significant issue that higher med pay rates for comp than for general health insurance?
For example, I've heard that the workers comp reimbursement rate for a knee replacement is much higher than what ordinary health insurance would pay.
With universal health insurance, we can reduce the med pay costs carried by comp insurers and thus lower comp premiums.
Also, I was taught in school that expansive comp liability rules arose from a widespread lack of general health insurance. If everyone has basic health insurance we can scale back workers comp coverage for marginal cases.
You're entitled to your opinion. Got any facts?
I for one cannot see where Rauners' frequent references to "corrupt union bosses" during the recent election campaign are anything but anti-union. These references were made not by his opponents but by Rauner himself.
So I guess there won't be a "look for the union label" campaign for medical marihuana?
Walk, if nothing else, Griff and Uiehlein are getting some rhetoric for their membership in the $20 Million for Starters Club.
"Right to work" is wonderful if the goal is to create high employment numbers with jobs paying so low that many more working people are on food stamps.
Nearly all the right to work states have extremely high numbers of people on food stamps.
Those are the issues businesses constantly cite, so let's deal with them. Then business will have to come up with a new excuse for no growth.
I agree with RNUG, in that if Gov. Rauner wants to be pro-business, the focus should be on workers' comp and on stability with regard to taxes (I don't see tort reform as a priority since I don't think our system gets verdicts noticeably worse than in other areas).
The Gov. needs to keep his eye on the ball. WC really matters. Union shops? It is just not that big of a deal, particularly in states like Illinois where for the wages you pay you also tend to get a pretty high quality work force. Companies are OK paying more for wages where you also reduce turnover costs. Better paid people tend to stick around.
BR is just loading up the cart with all his fav issues….and then he will go for the workers comp like AHOY says But he should go BIG at the start because you can always back away.
Why is it that those who propose right to work "employee empowerment zones," or whatever they're called, are not employees themselves? These zones are proposed by the likes of Rauner, Heritage, ALEC and other organizations that promote the interests of super-wealthy.
What I dislike about his recent presentation in Decatur is just how politically tone-deaf it is. He spent millions trying to wash away the effects of his anti-union comments to win the General Election, then this?
He has been in the Office for a few weeks and has a lot to learn. Yet, the very people he has fired up with his Power Point presentation are not only the ones who know more about Illinois government than he, Bruce Rauner somehow thinks they are going to work with him in the end.
Worse - his ridiculous kicking of the union hornet's nest won't solve the primary problems he is facing this year. Even if he got his way, and magically turned every Illinoisan into a happy Hoosier - it won't solve the economic woes he is facing as our governor.
He is saying the wrong things at the wrong time to reach a goal that cannot be determined as beneficial to our state. He is sinking and wrecking the political future of the Illinois Republican party, which I couldn't imagine sinking or being wrecked further.
Illinois Republican governors during my lifetime were known for being competent and moderate enough to remain elected in Illinois. Rauner was elected riding partially on that image.
Throw all that away if Governor Rauner continues talking like this.
Somebody needs to be demonized here and it's not going to be Rauner. Anybody that's surprised by any of this hasn't been paying attention. He softened the rhetoric a bit in the fall because he knew that it wouldn't do him any favors beyond the primary. But all of these comments are directly out of Rauner's playbook.
a) It's simply a case of him stating exactly how he feels and not part of any overarching political strategy.
b) He's falling back to his successful primary scheme of throwing red meat to the right wing in order to distract them from his moderate views on social issues. Only now, instead of trying to win the nomination, he's laying the mattresses for a soon-to-be-unveiled budget that includes some tax increases.
Maybe the modus operandi of the Rauner administration will be: talk like a conservative, govern like a moderate. We'll know when he signs a budget into law this summer.
The unions that Bruce Rauner is fighting against have been tamed. In the past there were more radical labor organizations.
The system that evolved out of the 1930s thru 1950s worked pretty well. Workers made more money. Rich people made more money. The Elites got a National Security State that allowed them to meddle around the world. Everyone was content (obviously Civil Rights Movement drew attention to lingering injustices).
But then JFK cut taxes on Elites. And they started investing in the infrastructure to dismantle a system that worked.
I always assumed there was at least a 50% chance that Rauner would start running for POTUS by courting "Conservative" ideologues.
Mitt Romney only needed one term as Governor of Massachusetts. Why would Rauner debase himself by making deals to provide effective governance to Illinois when he could do simple stuff that courts Right Wing zealots?
BC, if someone is trying to knock down the pay of social classes of citizens, I'd characterize it as a social agenda.
And coming from someone self-described in the .01 percent, you might even call it Class Warfare.
Illinois wages (largely due to organized labor) are higher than surrounding states. Since work comp costs are driven in large part by the lost wages of the injured employee it becomes a given that our costs will be higher than those states with lower average wages.
Rauner sees higher wages for workers versus surrounding states as an impediment to the "job creators". He simply does not believe better wages for either skilled or unskilled labor is an economic benefit.
Recall his initial comments regarding the minimum wage. Welcome to the venture capitalist method of governing.
Wordslinger — I agree with you…I'm no Rauner supporter. I'm just wondering if there is an actual political strategy here? He can't think "right to work" is going to pass the GA. So is he just spouting his beliefs for the heck of it? Is he laying the groundwork for a presidential run? Or is there an actual Illinois political/governing strategy here?
That is the hypocrisy of it all. Heritage and ALEC have the Freedom to Associate and form a Union to Collectively Bargain for lower wages.
Yet employees are quickly losing their right to do the opposite.
BC, I hope the answer to your question is (b) but I fear it is (a).
Another chip to play. Just stacking them up so Madigan and Cullerton know what's on the table.
He's hearing from all quarters here. He knows who elected him and how high their frustration is. All of this turf will be battled over on a hundred yard field, where only 10 yards of it is in play. You can't please everyone completely, but you can talk to everyone.
He won with an unusual coalition of supporters. They all need to hear something from him. That being said, I believe RNUG hit the nail on the head for what's likely to occur. Scroll up, he's pretty close if not precisely correct.
I'm not sure that I see the chip to play. Right to work isn't a new concept in Illinois. The reason it hasnt gone anywhere here is that both public and private sector unions have built relationships with lawmakers across the political spectrum.
The national talking points really don't apply here. But Griff and Uiehlein deserve a little red meat for their money.
And unless he's Blago delusional, Rauner's not considering running for president. But I'm sure he likes to hear his name mentioned.
The Rauner statement that Rich noted "Pushing any specific labor regulation is not my priority at all," was assumed to be deceptive by the labor movement in Illinois. There is no surprise in his current stance at all and if any unionized worker in the state voted for Mr. Rauner based on that statement then unfortunately they were fools.
Todd Maisch would take a totally different stance on the right-to-work zone proposal being floated by Rauner if the Republicans had majorities in the Assembly. So now he looks reasonable right?
Guy, if Gov. Rauner is listening to all quarters here, I guess he's choosing to disregard the voice of Candidate Rauner who said any type of labor legislation was not a priority at all.
I don't understand why anyone is surprised by this.
Worker's compensation is a huge issue in the manufacturing and distribution businesses. Talk to any business owner. Much bigger than taxes. It is out of control. The IL WC reforms from a couple of years ago are a drop in the Pacific.
I'm sure he heard him too Sling. lol. Just as I'm sure he's paying attention to reaction and support from the Decatur visit. Government is stew. Everything goes in. Some stuff evaporates, other stuff dominates the taste. Wait until you taste a spoonful. They see if you want more. Or not.
Guy, for some reason, I think you're missing the point that what Candidate Rauner insisted for a year was not a priority at all is now a top priority for Gov. Rauner.
Some might question the sincerity or truthiness of one of those fellas.
I don't understand your stew analogy, but I do know the difference between chicken salad and chicken stuff.
If Rauner really thinks that he can -change- public opinion on right-to-work in Illinois, through giving a lot of speeches and Powerpoints, then he's got some reality problems.
There is a whole bunch of social science research he should consult here, before he goes much further down this road. By squishy social science standards it's a very very strong finding.
If you've got a sympathetic legislature you might be able to quickly run all kinds of things through - practically speaking, a strike on RTW laws will politically devastate a lot of unions (see Wisconsin). But … see Democrats, Springfield.
There's just no way Rauner is going to be able to "rally the public" to pressure Madigan / Cullerton to act here.
He's hearing from all quarters here. He knows who elected him and how high their frustration is.
Rauner has zero respect for the people in this State that make a living wage. Without a Union the employer will decide any benefits, wages, working conditions. Does any sane person want to put all their eggs in that basket? People like him want to see a race to the bottom for wages. He likes to say things for shock value but wake this lion up I'm thinking he will get bit.
What A Guy is trying to say is that Rauner's recent rhetoric is part of the act. It's schtick.
Anybody think prevailing wage is going away? Does anyone really believe a bill will pass ending project labor agreements? Can he find enough votes to pass "enterprise zones?" Not. A. Chance.
I know it. Rauner knows it. Some people here know it too. This is all an act designed to make Rauner look like the great compromiser when "all" he gets is WC reform, an AFSCME contract with no raises and an end to compounded COLAs in the pensions.
Pretty much all of this rhetoric is as genuine as a Carhartt jacket, an old beat-up van and a $20 watch. Don't over-react to what he's saying, wait until he does something.
Rauner can't publicly be a pragmatist, but he has to know that is the only way he can govern, given his hand, the GA, the Four Tops, the Constitution, and the budget and money constraints present.
Great take - 47th Ward -.
47, I'm not so sure. He ran away from it during the campaign, so I don't that he's pleasing any bloc of voters by bringing it back.
I also don't think its a bargaining chip. If he can find someone to sponsor legislation like this, I could see it getting a vote and being disposed of rather quickly.
Seriously, how many GOP right-to-work votes are there in the GA, much less Dem votes?
I agree with Wordslinger. A bargaining chip has to have some meaning. This one doesn't.
Even if your take is a better one, 47 - he is damaging himself with this driveling nonsense. He just flushed away any honeymoon he could have had with the State.
Your take requires that he be a lot smarter than that. He hasn't shown to me that he is that nuanced.
Rich, I'm trying real hard to balance this idea of what Rauner is saying and believing, and the realities Rauner is facing, and a Crew that is really good at understanding governing thriugh the politics.
If this is the real Rauner (I waver), then the duality of his rhetoric is alarming, almost Blagovian in lacking realities.
The $20 million is a Blago move, now realized.
It's not a bargaining chip, it's subterfuge. And the target isn't labor or even the Democrats, it's his pals and donors.
He went to Decatur, Mike Carrigan's home town, for that speech. That was aimed at Carrigan. It was aimed at the right-wingers in the business world who eat that stuff up. That speech was for their benefit, not Carrigan's. That makes them feel better about backing a fellow plutocrat, even one who was kind of squishy on other issues.
It's not about bargaining. It's about acting. He is trying to stay in character.
Wasn't. Was not aimed at Carrigan.
Again, watch what he does, not what he says.
I agree with 47th. Rauners's talking to past and potential wealthy donors.
47, playing to the donors makes some sense. Like I said, Uiehlein should at least get some red meat for his money. If that's all it takes to tap his millions, he's an easy mark.
I really dont know what Rauner is all about, what he plans to do about anything. The messages have been conflicting or even contradictory.
Sometimes I get the impression he's like Ron Burgundy and will just read whatever is put in front of him (careful with that).
Sometimes I think the red meat stuff is what he really believes and he will go to the wall for it, based on his rhetoric.
Eventually, we'll find out, I think. Where that $20 million and counting goes will be instructive.
No one does. It was that kind of campaign. And, more importantly, he hasn't done anything yet. When he does something, we'll get some idea of what his intentions are.
There are almost no votes for right-to-work and that isn't going to change no matter how many speeches he gives. But there are some votes to be had to give AFSCME a zero growth contract. There might be some votes for more WC reform, especially if the doctors eat most of it. There are plenty of votes to end compounded COLAs. If he got all of that, don't you think he'd spike the football and sign the tax hike?
It's for big donors and their captive minions. 47th spot on. I'd go further and say the key audience is out of state. This is not about policy in Illinois at all.
===designed to make Rauner look like the great compromiser when "all" he gets is WC reform, an AFSCME contract with no raises and an end to compounded COLAs in the pensions=== If Rauner gets one of those 3, he'll be doing pretty well. And he isn't getting the last 2.
If Rauner does belie call this, to the pint of governing like this (you can believe, and know you can't govern that way), how does Rauner think this will "fly"?
I can't see legislative avenues, and I can't see EOs that can go far enough.
Is it an act, or is it being delusional?
An end to compounded COLA`s for future retirees is what you said was it not?
I wouldn't be so sure on Rauner not getting a full slate. Provided of course we are talking of no compound cola for new hires, pesky constitution.
Do you really see AFSCME striking for raises when the budget deficit is close to 9 bil??
I am not convinced Team Rauner knew that Carrigan is from Decatur.
Looks like a Gov. Walker wannabe in installments - this will be Rauner inhaling the blow dart gun he is bringing to a gun fight - not a photo op and will be ugly.
Can we all quit talking about a Honeymoon? In a race like that and a state like this, you're lucky to get a wedding night. And he barely got that with griping about ticket prices, etc.
I almost completely agree with 47. He's not going to walk into any negotiation in this state on defense. The people who supported him expect him to be on offense. Does some of this go too far??
Of course it does here and elsewhere. It doesn't go far enough in other places. We're going to land somewhere in between on a whole variety of these things. There won't be Right to Work. I bet you couldn't get 30 votes in both chambers combined for that.
Worker's Comp is very much in play. GOP has some making up to do in that arena. They'll come home for that I bet (in the House, the Senate was already there). COLAs are definitely in play.
If Rauner wants to be pro-business, then he needs to tackle worker's comp and property taxes. Even when a business loses money, it still has to pay the high property taxes in IL. Serious reform of property taxes would not be a freeze that won't happen. It would be shifting primary funding of public schools from property taxes to state taxes.
But you know it will be somewhere in the middle?
No one knows how all this will go, that's another point.
Greg Hinz notes in Crains online today that Illinois had the fifth most manufacturing jobs in the country at the end of 2012.
California has the most, by far, followed by Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois, then Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, New York and North Carolina.
Of the Top Ten states for manufacturing jobs, two (TX and NC) were right-to-work states. Two (IN and MI) have since passed right to work laws.
Sometimes people talk just to talk. Perhaps Rauner just wanted everyone to know, once and for all, how much he hates unions.
Does he have a plan to bring about a right to work law in Illinois? Of course not. Does he think he has a chance to pass one? Not if he's as smart as advertised.
As someone on this blog pointed out during the campaign, guys like Rauner are never contradicted in the course of their normal business day. He can opine on any topic and everyone agrees or at least keeps silent. Perhaps he thinks everybody hates unions as much as he does.
How so? Please elaborate…for once.
Can't wait to see all the GOP members pushing green buttons on this one. Gonna be awesome. Welcome back folks.
All I'll say is it will probably get more votes than Rod's GRT in the House.
I am a retired Illinois State employee and the Dept. I retired from did not have union bosses. Many years ago I filled a non-union position for a short time and was forced to work uncompensated overtime because my non-union bosses could force me to do so without any union repercussions. Without a contract there are no rules!
I agree with the comments that his goal is the White House. I think he's trying to put on a show for the Koch Beothers and their like. But I've been told he's not a viable Repub candidate because he's pro-choice.
There actually are rules. The Dept of Labor has a bunch of them and they enforce them.
Without a contract there are no rules!


This entry was posted on January 21, 2010 at 2:40 pm and is filed under La República with tags Camara de Comercio de Lima, CCL, Censo, Censo Economico, cuentas nacionales, empleo, encuesta, Farid Matuk, formal, inei, informal, Magda Quispe, Matuk, metodologia, ocupacion, PEA, Peters Anders, Renan Quispe, rural, trabajadores, Universidad Catolica, urbano, Waldo Mendoza.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.