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Staff Menu (IO ID#: 1050652):
ExchangeRight Net Leased Portfolio 28 DST - 1031
Offered By ExchangeRight Real Estate LLC
%* TARGET IRR %-%
6.82%* TARGET AVG CASH ON CASH
* TARGET EQUITY MULTIPLE
Estimated Hold Period 3-5 years
Webinar coming soon
1031 eligible DST offering featuring credit tenants on long term leases. Diversified Portfolio Including Medical, Grocery, Discount Retail, Agricultural, Pharmaceutical, and Discount Automotive.
Experienced real estate company that reports having over $2.1 billion of assets under management across over 600 properties.
The Portfolio is 100% leased across 8 different tenants and 23 different properties.
Portfolio is geographically diverse and includes a diversified mix of tenants including Walgreens, Dollar General, Hobby Lobby, O'Reilly Auto Parts and more.
Leverage 54.61% Loan-to-Value/ 2.50x Debt Service Coverage Ratio
Tenant & Property Diversification 8 Different Tenants & 23 Different Properties
Credit Tenancy 19 of the 23 Properties are Leased to Investment Grade Tenants
Long Term Existing Leases Existing Lease Terms Range From 9 - 15 Years Remaining
Portfolio includes a diversified mix of tenants including multiple credit quality tenants
Experienced repeat Sponsor with multiple 1031 eligible Net Leased Portfolios
Geographic diversification among Properties in Portfolio
Low leveraged Portfolio (54.61% Loan-to-Value) with 2.50x Debt Service Coverage Ratio
ExchangeRight Real Estate LLC
ExchangeRight is committed to providing 1031-exchangeable DST offerings of value-added multifamily properties and net-leased portfolios. Our multifamily platform targets Class B apartments with stable income and value added upside potential. Our multifamily offerings feature strong cash flow, high debt coverage ratios, conservative underwriting, long-term fixed-rate financing, and the potential to enhance return with value-added strategies.
In addition to intentionally structuring offerings with an alignment of interest with investors, the principals of the company have taken a personal investment position in each DST offering that has been brought to market. Each of our DST offerings provides both 1031 and cash investors with pass-through tax deferral advantages.
http://www.exchangeright.com/
Warren Thomas, CPA
David Fisher, CPA
Joshua Ungerecht
Dave Van Steenis
Warren currently serves as a managing member for ExchangeRight Real Estate. He is focused on the securitization, broker dealer, and registered representative relations sides of the business. Warren is the co-founder and president over a number of integrated wealth management and securitized real estate companies with Joshua Ungerecht. Prior to focusing on the securitized 1031 exchange market in 2003, Warren developed an extensive tax practice including estate planning, financial planning, and real estate advisory services. Warren has over 30 years of experience as a CPA and has been an active commercial real estate investor for the past 15 years. He graduated in 1978 from Biola University with a B.S. in Business Administration, specializing in Accounting. He also earned a master's degree in Taxation from Golden Gate University in 1993. He maintains Series 6, 7, 22, 24, 39,63, and 79 Securities Licenses.
David Fisher enjoyed a successful career in banking and finance for 20 years. He is now focused on the management success of ExchangeRight and on managing his own investments. He began his career with KPMG in the tax department, and then worked in tax, treasury, and acquisitions for Wells Fargo for over nine years. He was North American Head of Asset and Structured Finance for HSBC's Investment Banking division for the last seven years of his banking career. David and his banking teams executed international financings in excess of $4 billion. He has been an active real estate investor for the past 10 years and has interests in over 30 partnerships across nine states. He graduated from the University of Northern Iowa in 1993, Magna Cum Laude in Accounting, and earned national honors with the Elijah Watt Sells Award on the May 1993 CPA exam.
Joshua currently serves as a managing member for ExchangeRight Real Estate. He is focused on the operations, investment structuring, and acquisitions aspects of the business. Concurrently, he serves as CEO and Chief Investment Officer over a number of integrated wealth management and securitized real estate companies. He developed one of the industry's leading due diligence platforms in securitized real estate analysis. Together with Warren Thomas, Joshua has overseen the acquisition of over $500 million in real estate since 2003. Joshua graduated from The Master's College, Summa Cum Laude with a B.A. in Theology, Apologetics, and Missions, and is currently on leave from Talbot Graduate School, where he was pursuing an M.A. in Philosophy of Religion and Ethics. He also maintains Series 7, 22, 24, 63, 65, and 79 Securities Licenses and an active California real estate license.
Dave currently serves as Chief Financial Officer for ExchangeRight Real Estate. He is focused on financial reporting and acquisitions for the Company. Dave began his career with KPMG in the financial services audit practice, and most recently was with Kaufman Jacobs Real Estate Investments were he was involved in the investment acquisition, capital markets, and financial reporting aspects of the business. Dave graduated from Trinity Christian College with highest honors with a B.S. in Accounting and a Finance concentration. Dave is a CPA and is also a CFA Level III candidate.
Completed Prior Programs
Targeted Annualized Return
Actual Annualized Return*
Net-Leased Preferred Equity Fund 1 Shorter-term fund to acquire and sell net-leased assets for the Sponsor. Range of 12-20%** Average
Return of
Net-Leased Perferred Equity Fund 2 Shorter-term fund to acquire and sell net-leased assets for the Sponsor. Proforming as expected. Range of 8-12%** 10%
Acquisition Notes Company that issues short term debt capital to the Sponsor to acquire and sell net-leased assets. Performing as expected. Range of 12-14%** 12%
Multifamily 1 - Van Mark Creek Apartments One apartment community consisting of 144 units. 7.16% 7.27%
Net-Leased Preferred Equity Fund 4 Shorter-term Fund to acquire and sell net-leased assets for the Sponsor. Performing as expected. 7.00% 7.00%
Acquisitions Notes II Company that issues short term debt capital to the Sponsor to acquire and sell net-leased assets. Performing as expected. Range of 8-
12%** 10%
Acquisition Notes 3 Company that issues short term debt capital to the Sponsor to acquire and sell assets. Performing as expected. 8.25% 8.25%
Net-Leased Portfolio 1 Portfolio of two long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar. One of the two properties sold in January, 2015 at a 10.59% annualized net profit to investors. Current remaining property return shown in chart and is exceeding expectations. 7.25% 7.25%
Net-Leased Portfolio 2 Portfolio of seven long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (6) and Dollar General (1). Performing as expected. 7.45% 7.45%
Net-Leased Portfolio 3 Portfolio of nine long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (8) and Dollar General (1). Performing as expected. 7.52% 7.52%
Net-Leased Portfolio 4 Portfolio of eleven long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (8), Dollar General (1), Aaron's (1) and Advance Auto Parts (1). Performing as expected. 7.00% 7.00%
Net-Leased Portfolio 5 Portfolio of fourteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (5), Dollar General (4), Advance Auto Parts (2), AutoZone (1), Sherwin Williams (1) and The Christ Hospital (1). Performing as expected. 7.58% 7.58%
Net-Leased Portfolio 6 Portfolio of sixteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (3), Dollar General (8), Advance Auto Parts (1), AutoZone (1), CVS (1), Dollar Tree (1) and Tractor Supply (1). Performing as expected. 7.83% 7.83%
Net-Leased Portfolio 7 Portfolio of sixteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Family Dollar (4), Dollar General (8), Advance Auto Parts (1), CVS (1), Napa Auto Parts (1), and O'Reilly Auto Parts (1). Performing as expected. 7.77% 7.77%
Net-Leased Portfolio 8 Portfolio of thirteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (3), AutoZone (2), CVS (1), Dollar General (2), Family Dollar (1), Franciscan Alliance (1), Ross Stores (1) and Tractor Supply (2). Performing as expected. 7.46% 7.46%
Net-Leased Portfolio 9 Portfolio of twenty-two long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (4), AutoZone (4), CVS (1), Dollar General (9), Hobby Lobby (1), Napa Auto Parts (2) and TCF National Bank (1). Performing as expected. 7.20% 7.20%
Net-Leased Portfolio 10 Portfolio of twenty-two long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (3), AutoZone (1), CVS (1), Dollar General (5), Dollar Tree (1), Family Dollar (4), Napa Auto Parts (2), O'Reilly Auto Parts (2), PNC Bank (1) and Tractor Supply (2). Performing as expected. 7.09% 7.09%
Net-Leased Portfolio 11 Portfolio of seventeen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (3), CVS (1), Dollar General (5), Family Dollar (2), Hobby Lobby (1), Napa Auto Parts (3), Sherwin- Williams (1) and Walgreens (1). 6.77% 6.77%
Net-Leased Portfolio 12 Portfolio of nineteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (3), Dollar General (9), Family Dollar (1), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Kroger (1), Napa Auto Parts (2), Tractor Supply (1), and Walgreens (1). 6.15% 6.30%
Net-Leased Portfolio 13 Portfolio of twenty long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (1), CVS, (1), Dollar General (5), Family Dollar (4), Hobby Lobby (1), Napa Auto Parts (1), Sherwin Williams (4), Tractor Supply (1) and Walgreens (2). 6.64% 6.80%
Net-Leased Portfolio 14 Portfolio of seventeen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (1), Athletico Physical Therapy (1), Dollar General (6), Fresenius Medical Care (2), MedSpring (1), Napa Auto Parts (1), O'Reilly Auto Parts (1), Tractor Supply (1) and Walgreens (3). 6.53% 6.60%
Net-Leased Portfolio 15 Portfolio of sixteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (2), CVS (1), Dollar General (6), Family Dollar (1), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Goodwill (1), Hobby Lobby (1), Indianapolis Osteopathic Hospital (1) and Walgreens (2). 6.53% 6.53%
Net-Leased Portfolio 16 Portfolio of nineteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (3), Dollar General (7), Family Dollar (1), Hobby Lobby (1), Sherwin Williams (1), Tractor Supply (2) and Walgreens (4). 6.78% 6.78%
Net-Leased Portfolio 17 Portfolio of sixteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (1), Dollar General (7), Goodwill (1), Pick 'n Save (Kroger Guarantee) (1), Napa Auto Parts (1), Tractor Supply (2), Verizon Wireless (1) and Walgreens (2) . 6.84% 6.84%
Net-Leased Portfolio 18 Portfolio of seventeen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (1), CVS (1), Dollar General (6), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Hobby Lobby (1), Napa Auto Parts (1), Tractor Supply (2) and Walgreens (4). 6.64% 6.64%
Net-Leased Portfolio 19 Portfolio of twenty one long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (2), Dollar General (9), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Hobby Lobby (1), Napa Auto Parts (2), Verizon Wireless (1) and Walgreens (3). 6.76% 6.76%
Net-Leased Portfolio 20 Portfolio of sixteen long-term net-leased properties leased to Advanced Auto Parts (3), Dollar General (4), Fresenius Medical Care (1), BioLife Plasma Services LP (1), NAPA Auto Parts (1), Pick n Save (1), Tractor Supply (2), Verizon Wireless (1) and Walgreens (2). 6.50% 6.50%
Net-Leased Portfolio 21 Portfolio of twenty long-term net-leased properties leased to Advanced Auto Parts (1), Dollar General (6), Frensenius Medical Care (3), Hobby Lobby (1), Nappa Auto Parts (2), O'Reilly Auto Parts (1), Tractor Supply (3) and Walgreens (3). 6.38% 6.42%
Net-Leased Portfolio 22 Portfolio of fifteen long-term net-leased properties leased to BioLife Plasma Services (1), CVS (1), Dollar General (4), Family Dollar (1), First Midwest Bank (1), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Pick 'n Save (1), Tractor Supply (2) and Walgreens (3). 6.27% 6.27%
Net-Leased Portfolio 23 Portfolio of twenty four long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (2), AutoZone (2), Dollar General (8), Family Dollar (2), GIANT Food Store (1), Tractor Supply (2), and Walgreens (7). 6.19% 6.30%
Net-Leased Portfolio 24 Portfolio of 24 long-term net-leased properties leased to Advance Auto Parts (2), BioLife Plasma Services (2), CVS (1), Dollar General (5), Dollar Tree (1), Fresenius Medical Care (1), Pick 'n Save (1), Sherwin Williams (1), Tractor Supply (3) and Walgreens (7). 6.13% 6.13%
Net-Leased Portfolio 25 Portfolio of 21 long-term net-leased properties leased to BioLife Plasma Services (2), Dollar General (8), Family Dollar (2), Hobby Lobby (1), Hy-Vee (1), Tractor Supply (3), and Walgreens (4). 6.10% 6.15%
Net-Leased Portfolio 26 Portfolio of 19 long-term net-leased properties leased to Advanced Auto Parts (1), AutoZone (1), CVS (1), Dollar General (5), Hy-Vee (1), Pick n' Save (1), Tractor Supply (4), and Walgreens (5). Proforming as projected. 6.08% 6.10%
Net-Leased Portfolio 27 Portfolio of 18 long-term net-leased properties leased to Advanced Auto Parts (1), BioLife Plasma Services (1), Dollar General (4), Dollar Tree (1), Hy-Vee (1), O'Reilly Auto Parts (2), Pick n' Save (1), Tractor Supply (1), and Walgreens (6). Proforming as projected. 6.34% 6.34%
Multifamily 2 - Mira Bella and San Martin One (1) apartment community consisting of 378 units. Performing as expected. 6.81% 6.81%
Multifamily 3 - Lakeside at Arbor Place Apartments One (1) apartment community consisting of 246 units. Performing as expected. 6.91% 6.91%
Multifamily 4 - North Austin Apartment Portfolio Three (3) apartment communities consisting of 422 units. Performing as expected. 6.61% 6.61%
Multifamily 5 - Crystal Lake Florida Apartments One (1) apartment community consisting of 224 units. Performing as expected. 6.55% 7.11%
Multifamily 6 - El Paso Apartment Portfolio Two (2) apartment communities consisting of 393 units. Performing as projected. 5.95% 6.03%
*These returns were provided by and calculated by the Sponsor
**These investment opportunities are open-ended (i.e. Investors come into the fund at different times) resulting in a range of returns
*** Past performance may not be indicative of future results.
On July 10, 2019 (the "Loan Closing Date"), the Sponsor acquired the Properties for an aggregate acquisition cost of $102,971,709 and then assigned all of the Properties to the Trust pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement. The Properties are now owned 100% by the Trust. In conjunction with the purchase of the Properties, ExchangeRight NLP 28 Master Lessee ("Master Lessee") became the lessor under the Tenants' leases. The Trust is a passive owner of the Properties and is not to be involved in any manner in the active management of the Properties. The Manager has been appointed to manage the Trust pursuant to the Trust Agreement.
Investors are being offered the opportunity to invest in a portfolio of twenty three (23) single-tenant, long-term net-leased retail assets (the "Portfolio", or the "Properties") that are currently 100% occupied. The Portfolio is composed of a diversified tenant base:
39.96% Discount Necessity Retail (Dollar General, Dollar Tree, Hobby Lobby)
25.47% Pharmaceutical (Walgreens, Fresenius Medical Care)
25.20% Grocery (Pick 'n Save)
7.87% Agricultural (Tractor Supply)
1.51% Discount Automotive (O'Reilly Auto Parts)
ExchangeRight Net-Leased Portfolio 28 DST, a Delaware Statutory Trust ("DST"), owns the Portfolio, and ExchangeRight Real Estate, LLC ("Sponsor") is offering beneficial interests in the trust to investors. The Sponsor is retaining at least a 1.0% ownership interest in the Portfolio and is offering up to 99.0% of the beneficial interests in the DST to accredited investors ("Beneficial Owners"). The Trust expects to provide the Beneficial Owners a return on their investment in two primary ways: (i) in the form of monthly cash distributions to the Beneficial Owners; and (ii) upon any Disposition of the Properties.
The total offering amount is $117,100,000 of which $53,157,000 is equity and $63,943,000 is long-term fixed rate financing.
This offering is designed for two types of investors. "Existing 1031 Investors" who have already sold or are planning to sell an existing property that is 1031 eligible and want to invest in this offering to complete their 1031 exchange. As well as "Cash Investors" who are investing with funds that are not part of an existing 1031 exchange but want the option for future sales to be 1031 exchange eligible. Existing 1031 Investors may invest for a minimum of $100,000; Cash Investors may invest for a minimum of $25,000 at the Sponsor's discretion.
Tenant Location Credit Rating Size Current NOI Lease Type Lease Expiration
Dollar General Battle Creek, MI BBB 9,195 $82,768 NNN 1/31/2034
Dollar General Houston, TX BBB 7,534 $117,824 NNN 6/30/2033
Dollar General Lambertville, MI BBB 7,619 $94,280 NNN 2/28/2034
Dollar General Mishawaka, IN BBB 9,263 $99,815 NNN 5/31/2034
Dollar General Soddy Daisy, TN BBB 10,700 $122,096 NNN 5/31/2034
Dollar General Youngsville, LA BBB 9,090 $89,465 NNN 1/31/2034
Dollar Tree Beech Island, SC BBB- 9,692 $95,200 NN 2/28/2029
Fresenius Medical Care Sout Congaree, SC BBB 8,147 $267,280 NN 12/31/2032
Hobby Lobby Appleton, WI N/A 73,970 $442,584 NN 7/31/2029
Hobby Lobby Hendersonville, TN N/A 55,644 $522,500 NN 9/30/2029
O'Reilly Auto Parts Lexington, SC BBB 7,268 $105,132 NN 11/30/2029
Pick 'n Save (Kroger Guaranty) Oconomowoc, WI BBB 60,454 $863,800 NN 12/31/2029
Pick 'n Save (Kroger Guaranty) Wales, WI BBB 61,082 $656,958 NN 12/31/2029
Tractor Supply Lake Charles, LA N/A 18,900 $267,744 NN 5/31/2034
Tractor Supply Springtown, TX N/A 19,054 $255,999 NN 6/30/2034
Walgreens Aurora, IL BBB 14,798 $375,000 NNN 9/30/2032
Walgreens Flint, MI BBB 13,833 $288,459 NN 2/28/2029
Walgreens Fort Worth, TX BBB 13,886 $293,000 NN 11/30/2028
Walgreens Hammond, IN BBB 14,439 $374,962 NNN 8/31/2033
Walgreens Newport News, VA BBB 14,599 $390,000 NNN 8/31/2030
Walgreens North Aurora, IL BBB 14,730 $325,000 NNN 2/28/2030
Walgreens Orland Park, IL BBB 15,008 $246,313 NN 1/31/2033
Walgreens Peoria, IL BBB 13,382 $185,000 NN 8/31/2029
*Credit Ratings are from S&P (Standard & Poor)
Tennant Summaries**
Pick 'n Save was founded in 1975 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and is now the premier supermarket chain in Wisconsin with over 100 stores serving customers. Featuring competitive employee benefits and a strong commitment to promote from within, Pick 'n Save employs approximately 10,000 employees. In 2015, Pick 'n Save became a wholly owned subsidiary of Kroger (NYSE: KR). The Kroger Co., together with its subsidiaries, operates as a retailer in the United States. It operates under the banner brands, such as Kroger, Ralphs, Fred Meyer, King Soopers, etc., as well as Simple Truth and Simple Truth Organic brands.
Dollar General (NYSE: DG) is one of the nation's largest small-box discount retailers. Dollar General has over 121,000 employees operating over 13,300 locations in 43 states. It strives to make shopping for everyday needs simpler and hassle-free by offering a carefully selected assortment of the most popular brands at low everyday prices in small, convenient locations. Dollar General Corporation was founded in 1939 and is based in Goodlettsville, Tennessee.
Tractor Supply Co. (NASDAQ: TSCO) is a leading chain of retail stores that each carry products related to home improvement, agriculture, truck maintenance, livestock, equine care, and household pet care. It employs over 17,000 individuals and operates over 1,200 stores across 47 states.
Walgreens (NASDAQ: WBA) is the largest drug retailer in America—employing approximately 248,000 people and operating 8,678 stores throughout the United States. Walgreens' products include over-the-counter medicine and consumer products, pharmacy services and photo services. Walgreens has expanded through a series of strategic acquisitions and was included in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list for the 20th consecutive year.
Fresenius Medical Care (NYSE: FMS) provides dialysis and related products, inpatient/outpatient care products, and services such as engineering to hospitals and related facilities. Fresenius operates more than 2,100 dialysis centers in North America and has over 100,000 employees.
O'Reilly Automotive, Inc. (NASDAQ: ORLY) is the fastest growing chain of specialty auto parts retailers in the United States. It began with a single location and has expanded to include over 5,219 stores in 42 states. Its stores provide do-it-yourself and professional service provider customers a selection of brand name, house brands, and private label products for domestic and imported automobiles, vans, and trucks.
Hobby Lobby owns and operates a chain of over 600 arts and craft stores throughout the United States, which are estimated to employ over 23,000 individuals. The average store is over 55,000 square feet, and offers more than 70,000 arts, crafts, hobbies, home decor, Holiday, and seasonal products. Hobby Lobby is privately held and does not carry any long-term debt. It ranks 91st on the Forbes list of America's Largest Private Companies.
Dollar Tree, Inc. (NASDAQ: DLTR) operates discount variety retail stores. It operates through two segments, Dollar Tree and Family Dollar. This segment operates 7,001 stores under the Dollar Tree and Dollar Tree Canada brands, as well as 12 distribution centers in the United States and 2 in Canada.
**Tenant Summaries have been provided by Sponsor and have not been verified by Realty Mogul or North Capital Private Securities
Appraisals for all properties available upon request. Please email investor-help@realtymogul.com.
The Portfolio contains properties located in the following cities and states:
Lambertville, MI
Soddy Daisy, TN
Youngsville, LA
South Congaree, SC
Lexington, SC
Oconomowoc, WI
Wales, WI
Springtown, TX
Hammond, IN
Sources of Funds Cost
Equity $ 53,157,000
Debt $ 63,943,000
Total Sources of Funds $ 117,100,000
Use of Funds Cost
Purchase Price $ 102,971,709
Acquisition Closing Cost $ 5,490,966
Acquisition Fee $ 1,691,843
Reallowance of Acquisition Fee $ 531,570
Broker-Dealer Fee and Marketing Allowance $ 4,252,560
Syndication Costs & Third Party Costs $ 135,000
Organizational, Offering Costs, Pre-Paid Taxes, & Insurance $ 668,056
Reserves (excluding Pre-paid Taxes & Insurance) $ 1,225,404
Sponsorship Cost $ 132,892
Total Use of Funds $ 117,100,000
The Portfolio has existing debt:
Lender: Societe Generale Finacial Corporation
Loan Origination Date: 7/10/2019
Loan Proceeds: $63,943,000
Loan to Cost: 54.61%
Interest Rate: Fixed (4.032%)
Amortization: 10-year interest only
Recourse: Non-recourse to the Trust, but recourse to the Trust and principals of the Sponsor for certain (i) "bad acts," and (ii) environmental indemnification
The Sponsor is to make distributions directly to investors who own a beneficial interest in the DST on a pro-rata basis.
Distributions are expected to start for each investor within 45 days of the completion of that investors beneficial interest in the DST. Distributions are expected to continue on a monthly basis thereafter. These distributions are at the discretion of the Sponsor and made directly by the Sponsor, neither Realty Mogul Co. nor any of its affiliates have any control or discretion on the timing or amount of distributions.
One-Time Fees:
Acquisition Fee $1,691,843 Sponsor Capitalized Equity Contribution 3.18% of the offering amount.
Reallowance of Acquisition Fee $531,570 Sponsor Capitalized Equity Contribution 1% of the offering amount. Paid to Exchange Right Securities, an affiliate of Sponsor.
Broker-Dealer Fee $3,455,205 Broker Dealers Capitalized Equity Contribution 6.5% of the offering amount. Paid to North Capital(1) or other licensed broker-dealers based on the amount of equity capital raised. Additional 0.5% paid to Exchange Right Securities, an affiliate of Sponsor, of which up to half may be reallowed to broker-dealers. Surplus fees retained by Sponsor.
Marketing & Due Diligence Fee $531,570 Broker Dealers Capitalized Equity Contribution 1.0% based on the amount of equity invested by investors through RealtyMogul.com, third-party Broker Dealers (including North Capital(1))are entitled to additional fees based on equity they originate. Surplus fees retained by Sponsor.
Syndication Costs $85,000 Sponsor or Third Parties Capitalized Equity Contribution Approximately 0.16% of the Maximum Offering Amount
Organizational & Offering Costs $106,314 Sponsor Capitalized Equity Contribution 0.2% of maximum offering amount.
Sponsorship Cost $132,892 Sponsor Capitalized Equity Contribution Approximately 0.25% of the offering amount. To reimburse Sponsor for accounting, due diligence, marketing, distribution, and other costs.
Disposition Fee 2% Manager Disposition Proceeds
2.0% of gross proceeds from disposition of property if disposition price is greater than $117,100,000.
Asset Management Fee
0.40% of gross rental income Manager Operating Cash Flow
Property Management Fee 2.5% of gross rental income Manager Operating Cash Flow
Trustee Fee $750 annually Third-Party Operating Cash Flow Unaffiliated third party
Master Lease Operating Profit N/A Master Lessee Operating Cash Flow Master Lessee will retain operating revenues from the Properties that exceed the annual base rent.
The above presentation is based upon information supplied by the Sponsor or others. Realty Mogul, Co. along with its respective affiliates, officers, directors or representatives (the "RM Parties") hereby advise you that none of them has independently confirmed or verified any of the information contained herein. The RM Parties further make no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any such information and undertake no obligation now or in the future to update or correct this presentation or any information contained herein.
ExchangeRight Net Leased Portfolio 28 - PPM
ExchangeRight Net Leased Portfolio 28 - Executive Summary + Exit Strategy
ExchangeRight Net Leased Portfolio 28 - Proforma
Review of PPM
Before making any investment decision, potential investors should carefully review the Private Placement Memorandum prepared by Sponsor (the "PPM"), including but not limited to, the Risk Factor section of the PPM and all exhibits of the PPM. The PPM contains additional risk factors and information regarding the DST that are not contained herein.
Portfolio Risk
DST's are ill equipped to address the untimely and unexpected need to raise capital or to re-tenant a property or to carry a property in the event of excessive vacancies. The Master Lessee is not likely to have the necessary resources to replace tenants as a result of default or untimely turnover. This risk is increased by an investment which includes multiple properties.
1031 Risk
Although it is intended that interests will be acquired on a tax-deferred basis under Code Section 1031, each investor must satisfy a number of technical requirements to qualify for tax deferral under Section 1031. Also, no assurance can be given that investors will be able to complete a qualifying Section 1031 exchange in the future when the Portfolio is sold.
Real Estate Investment Risk
Any investment in real estate carries certain inherent risks, and there is no guaranty as to the future occupancy of the Properties or operating results. Factors which might influence outcome include:
Changes in national or local economic conditions
Changes in the local market, including the entry of new competitors
Changes in the financial condition of the major tenant or tenants
The occurrence of casualties or natural disasters
The enactment of unfavorable laws
Master Lease Risk
The Properties are subject to a Master Lease to an affiliate of the Sponsor whose only assets and source of revenues will be the underlying Properties and which may not be able to meet its obligations as they come due. As with any Master Lease, if there is a significant upswing in rents, that upside accrues to the Master Lessee, but if there is falloff or vacancy, that risk is likely to fall on the investors. There is a substantial risk that, if the Master Lessee is unable to meet its obligation to pay rent, a default or foreclosure may occur under property financing which could result in a substantial or total loss of an investment.
Conflict of Interest Risk
There are various potential conflicts of interest among the Sponsor, the Trustees, the Signatory Trustees, the Master Lessee, the Property Managers, and others engagement in the management and operation of the Properties, one or more of whom may be affiliated with the others.
DST Risk
IRS established seven prohibitions over the powers of the DST Trustee, which include the following:
Once the offering is closed, there can be no future equity contribution to the DST by either current or new co-investors or beneficiaries
The DST Trustee cannot renegotiate the terms of the existing loans, nor can it borrow any new funds from any other lender or party
The DST Trustee cannot reinvest the proceeds from the sale of its investment real estate
The DST Trustee is limited to making capital expenditures with respect to the property to those for a) normal repair and maintenance, (b) minor non-structural capital improvements, and (c) those required by law
Any liquid cash held in the DST between distribution dates can only be invested in short-term debt obligations
All cash, other than necessary reserves, must be distributed to the co-investors or beneficiaries on a current basis, and
The Trustee cannot enter into new leases or renegotiate the current leases
Some of these restrictions are ameliorated in part by the introduction of a Master Lessee, who will have the ability, for example, to enter into or renegotiate leases. However, the existence of a Master Lessee carries with in its own set of risk factors. In addition, DST Members will have no voting rights, and therefore no control over future decisions regarding sale of the properties or roll-up into a limited liability company.
ExchangeRight Net-Leased Portfolio 28, LLC (the "Signatory Trustee") has based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations and predictions about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about the Property, including, among other things, factors discussed below:
General economic performance of the local and national economy;
Required capital expenditures at the Property
Competition from properties similar to and near the Property
Adverse changes in local population trends, market conditions, neighborhood values, and local economic and social conditions
Supply and demand for property such as the Property
Interest rates and real estate tax rates
Governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies
The enactment of unfavorable real estate, rent control, environmental, zoning or hazardous material laws
Uninsured losses
Anticipated market capitalization rates at the time of sale
Limited Transferability of Securities
Each Beneficial Owner will be required to represent that he is acquiring the Interests for investment and not with a view to distribution or resale, that such Beneficial Owner understands the Interests are not freely transferable and, in any event, that such Beneficial Owner must bear the economic risk of investment in the Interests for an indefinite period of time because: (i) the Interests have not been registered under the Act or applicable state "Blue Sky" or securities laws; and (ii) the Interests cannot be sold unless they are subsequently registered or an exemption from such registration is available. There will be no market for the Interests and the Beneficial Owner cannot expect to be able to liquidate their investment in case of an emergency. See "Restrictions on Transferability" in the PPM. Finally, the sale of the Interests may have adverse federal income tax consequences. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences" in the PPM.
Sale of the Property
The proceeds realized from the sale of the Properties will be distributed among the Beneficial Owners, but only after satisfaction of the claims of other third-party creditors and Affiliates of the Sponsor. The ability of a Beneficial Owner to recover all or any portion of its investment, accordingly, will depend on the amount of net proceeds realized from such sale and the amount of claims to be satisfied therefrom. There can be no assurance that the Beneficial Owners will realize gains on sale of the Properties.
Loss of Deposit
The Signatory Trustee may on behalf of the Trust retain the deposit of a Purchaser who is in default under the Purchase Agreement. See "Summary of Purchase Agreement and Escrow Instructions - Deposit; Liquidated Damages" in the PPM.
No Representation of Beneficial Owners
Each Beneficial Owner acknowledges and agrees in the Purchase Agreement and Escrow Instructions that legal counsel representing the Depositor, the Signatory Trustee, the Property Manager and their Affiliates do not represent, and shall not be deemed under the applicable codes of professional responsibility to have represented or to be representing, any or all of the Beneficial Owners.
Receipt of Compensation Regardless of Profitability
The Sponsor, the Signatory Trustee, the Property Manager and their Affiliates are entitled to receive certain significant fees and other significant compensation, payments and reimbursements from the acquisition and operation of the Properties regardless of whether the Properties operate at a profit. See "Estimated Use of Proceeds" and "Compensation of the Sponsor and Affiliates" in the PPM.
Hurricane Risk
The Portfolio contains properties located that lie near the Atlantic Ocean and/or Gulf of Mexico, which is subject to frequent and sometimes destructive hurricanes. There can be no assurance that a sizable hurricane will not cause significant damage to the properties, in which case the business and financial condition of the Trust would be materially adversely affected. There is no guarantee that the Trust or the tenants will procure adequate hurricane insurance for the properties.
The Portfolio contains properties located in areas which can be subject to frequent and sometimes destructive tornadoes. There can be no assurance that a sizable hurricane will not cause significant damage to the properties, in which case the business and financial condition of the Trust would be materially adversely affected. There is no guarantee that the Trust or the tenants will procure adequate tornado insurance for the properties.
No RealtyMogul Site Visit
The properties within the Portfolio have not been physically inspected by a representative of RealtyMogul or any of its affiliates.
No Fiduciary Duty
The Trust, the Signatory Trustee, and the Property Manager and their Affiliates will not have a fiduciary duty to the Beneficial Owners as would be applicable to a limited liability company, partnership, or corporation and, therefore, may take actions that would not be in the best interests of one or more of the Beneficial Owners. As permitted under applicable Delaware law, the Signatory Trustee and the Delaware Trustee have expressly disclaimed all duties to the Beneficial Owner except for the duties expressly contained under the Trust Agreement.
The above is not intended to be a full discussion of all the risks of this investment. Please see the Risk Factors in the Private Placement Memorandum for a discussion of additional risks.
The above presentation is based upon information supplied by the Sponsor and others. Realty Mogul, Co., along with its respective affiliates, officers, directors or representatives (the "RM Parties") hereby advise you that none of them has independently confirmed or verified any of the information contained herein. The RM Parties further make no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any such information and undertake no obligation now or in the future to update or correct this presentation or any information contained herein.


Flax yarn import greatly declined by 39.16% compared with the prior year, according to updated figures announced by European Commission. The variable dropped strongly from 89 720 Euro in 2016 to 54 590 Euro previous year, in comparison with the prior year when it grew by 25.73%. The overall changes for the previous 13 years hit a fall of 78.26%. Likewise, it has attained the compound average annual growth rate of 0.01% over the five years with a modest overall decline since the 2005. It averaged 103 568.46 Euro from 2005 to 2017 and it attained its all-time high of 251 090 Euro in 2005 and record low of 37 240 Euro in 2012.


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Pricing is for a pack of 10 paper bags.
Need party favours to fill these party bags? Check out our selection of party game prize packs and party game prizes to suit popular party themes.


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Welcome to A.S. Radin & Associates Career Opportunities. Prior to completing the below request for a live interview, please review the career summary relevant to your area. Buffalo * Rochester * Syracuse * Albany.
Live interviews are being conducted Wednesday – Friday August 1-3, 2018.
To be used to set up a live interview.


text:
<?php
defined('C5_EXECUTE') or die("Access Denied.");
global $c;
Loader::model('collection_types');
Loader::model('collection_attributes');
$dt = Loader::helper('form/date_time');
$uh = Loader::helper('form/user_selector');

if ($cp->canEditPageType()) {
	$ctArray = CollectionType::getList();
}

$pk = PermissionKey::getByHandle('edit_page_properties');
$pk->setPermissionObject($c);
$asl = $pk->getMyAssignment();

$approveImmediately = false;
if ($_REQUEST['approveImmediately'] == 1) {
	$approveImmediately = 1;
}
?>

<?php if ($approveImmediately) { ?>

		<?php echo t("Note: Since you haven't checked this page out for editing, these changes will immediately be approved.")?>

<?php } ?>

<form method="post" name="permissionForm" id="ccmMetadataForm" action="<?php echo $c->getCollectionAction()?>">
<input type="hidden" name="approveImmediately" value="<?php echo $approveImmediately?>" />
<input type="hidden" name="rel" value="<?php echo $_REQUEST['rel']?>" />

	<?php if (!$c->isMasterCollection()) { ?>

<?php echo t('Standard Properties')?>

<?php echo t('Custom Attributes')?>

		<li <?php if ($c->isMasterCollection() || !$asl->allowEditPaths()) { ?>style="display: none"<?php } ?>><?php echo t('Page Paths and Location')?>

	<?php } ?>

	<div id="ccm-properties-standard-tab" <?php if ($c->isMasterCollection()) { ?>style="display: none" <?php } ?>>

	<?php if ($asl->allowEditName()) { ?>

		<?php echo t('Name')?>

<input type="text" id="cName" name="cName" value="<?php echo htmlentities( $c->getCollectionName(), ENT_QUOTES, APP_CHARSET) ?>" />
			<?php echo t("Page ID: %s", $c->getCollectionID())?>

	<?php } ?>

	<?php if ($asl->allowEditDateTime()) { ?>

		<?php echo t('Public Date/Time')?>

<?php print $dt->datetime('cDatePublic', $c->getCollectionDatePublic(null, 'user')); ?>

	<?php } ?>

	<?php if ($asl->allowEditUserID()) { ?>

	<?php echo t('Owner')?>

		<?php
		print $uh->selectUser('uID', $c->getCollectionUserID());
		?>

	<?php } ?>

	<?php if ($asl->allowEditDescription()) { ?>

	<?php echo t('Description')?>

<textarea id="cDescription" name="cDescription" class="ccm-input-text" style="width: 495px; height: 50px"><?php echo h($c->getCollectionDescription())?></textarea>

	<?php } ?>

	<?php if ($asl->allowEditPaths()) { ?>

		<?php if ($c->getCollectionID() != 1) { ?>

		<?php echo t('Canonical URL')?>

		<?php  if (!$c->isGeneratedCollection()) { ?>
			<?php echo BASE_URL . DIR_REL;?><?php  if (URL_REWRITING == false) { ?>/<?php echo DISPATCHER_FILENAME?><?php  } ?><?php
			$cPath = substr($c->cPath, strrpos($c->cPath, '/') + 1);
			print htmlentities(substr($c->cPath, 0, strrpos($c->cPath, '/')),ENT_QUOTES,APP_CHARSET)?>/<input type="text" name="cHandle" value="<?php echo htmlentities($cPath,ENT_QUOTES,APP_CHARSET)?>" id="cHandle" maxlength="128"><input type="hidden" name="oldCHandle" id="oldCHandle" value="<?php echo htmlentities($c->getCollectionHandle(),ENT_QUOTES,APP_CHARSET)?>">

		<?php   } else { ?>
			<?php echo $c->getCollectionHandle()?>

		<?php   } ?>
			<?php echo t('This page must always be available from at least one URL. That URL is listed above.')?>

		<?php } ?>

		<?php if (!$c->isGeneratedCollection()) { ?>

			<?php echo t('More URLs') ?>

			<?php
				$paths = $c->getPagePaths();
				foreach ($paths as $path) {
					if (!$path['ppIsCanonical']) {
						$ppID = $path['ppID'];
						$cPath = $path['cPath'];
						echo '
' .
			     			'<input type="text" name="ppURL-' . $ppID . '" class="ccm-input-text" value="' . htmlentities($cPath,ENT_QUOTES,APP_CHARSET) . '" id="ppID-'. $ppID . '"> ' .
			     			'' . t('Remove Path') . '
'."\n";
					}
				}
			?>

	     		<input type="text" name="ppURL-add-0" class="ccm-input-text" value="" id="ppID-add-0">
		 		<?php echo t('Add Path')?>

<?php echo t('Note: Additional page paths are not versioned. They will be available immediately.')?>

		<?php } ?>

	<?php } ?>

	<div id="ccm-properties-custom-tab" <?php if (!$c->isMasterCollection()) { ?>style="display: none" <?php } ?>>
		<?php Loader::element('collection_metadata_fields', array('c'=>$c, 'assignment' => $asl) ); ?>

	<input type="hidden" name="update_metadata" value="1" />
	<input type="hidden" name="processCollection" value="1">

</form>

	<?php echo t('Cancel')?>
	<?php echo t('Save')?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Retrieve the business-friendly spreadsheet for a report.
Filters can be overriden. Filters MUST be overriden if the report is not already filtering.
eliminate query Whether to eliminate empty rows / columns (Default: false).
elimination-threshold query When you eliminate, you can specify a threshold of elimination between 0 and 100. If the threshold is set to 0 (which is the default), only fully empty rows and columns are eliminated. With 100, everything is eliminated. With a value inbetween, say, 50, the rows and columns with less than 50% of filled cells are eliminated (Default: 0).
populate query Whether to populate cells with facts (Default: true). If false, populate with metadata, that is, aspects and concept data type, period type, balance.
row query Filters the spreadsheet to display only the rows specified (default: no filter). Deactivates elimination.
column query Filters the spreadsheet to display only the columns specified (default: no filter). Deactivates elimination.
flatten-row-headers query Whether to flatten row headers to single columns (Default: false).


I am constantly observing the way children react to situations, their behavior, their happiness quotient etc. Why? Because I am always questioning myself as a mom. I wonder what the right things are to tell my children, the right way to behave, how strict I should be or how lenient should I be. And my disposition towards my children has changed from being very mild to being very strict and in between. Recently, I saw this video and it made a huge difference.


text:
Le isole del Golfo di Olenëk (in russo: острова Оленёкского Залива, ostrova Olenëkskogo Zaliva) sono diversi gruppi di isole nel mare di Laptev, Russia. Amministrativamente appartengono al Bulunskij ulus della Repubblica autonoma di Sacha-Jacuzia.

Geografia

Le isole sono situate nel mare di Laptev, nell'ampio golfo dell'Olenëk, che si trova ad ovest del delta della Lena. Nel golfo sfocia con un grande delta l'omonimo fiume Olenëk.

La zona dove si trovano queste isole è soggetta a un rigido clima artico, con frequenti tempeste e bufere. Il mare intorno a queste isole è congelato per circa nove mesi l'anno di modo che le isole sono fuse con la terraferma.

Isole nella parte ovest del golfo dell'Olenëk

Isola Salchaj (остров Салхай), circa 40 km a nord-ovest del delta dell'Olenëk (). Lunga 6,7 km e larga 3 km, ha un'altezza massima di 18 m. L'isola è disseminata di laghi e paludi.
Isola Orto-Ary (остров Орто-Ары), 1,5 km a nord di Salchaj, da cui la separa lo stretto di Čugas (пролив Чугас) (); è lunga 5 km e larga 2,7 km. Un piccolo isolotto senza nome si trova a nord-ovest.
Isola Dagdalach (остров Дагдалах), a nord di Orto-Ary, al di là dello stretto di Orto-Ary, è quasi attaccata alla terraferma (), dalla quale la separa uno stretto canale. L'isola è lunga 5,5 km e larga 3,3 km ed è coperta da molti laghetti.

Isole del delta dell'Olenëk
Le isole del delta dell'Olenëk sono centinaia di isole, alcune più grandi, altre minori e molte senza nome che costituiscono di fatto il delta del fiume. Una piccola parte di esse forma la baia Ogonnër-Kubata (залив Огоннёр-Кубата) nella sezione occidentale. Di seguito, sono elencate da ovest a est:

 Alachan-Ėppet-Aryta (Алахан-Эппет-Арыта), ().
 Oččuguj-Ėppet-Aryta (Оччугуй-Эппет-Арыта), a ovest di Ulachan-Ary e a sud di Ogonnër-Aryta (), sull'isola ci sono 6 laghi.
 Ėppet-Bel'kej (Эппет-Белькей), si trova ad est di Oččuguj-Ėppet-Aryta ().
 Ogonnër-Aryta (Огоннёр-Арыта), si trova ad ovest di Ulachan-Ary (), sull'isola ci sono 14 laghi.
 Ogonnër-Bel'këjdere (Огоннёр-Белькёйдере), un gruppo di tre isolette situate all'interno della baia Ogonnër-Kubata, tra le isole Ogonnër-Aryta e Ulachan-Ary.
 Oččuguj-Ary (Оччугуй-Ары)
 Šved-Majaktach-Aryta (Швед-Маяктах-Арыта, in lingua jacuta significa "isola svedese del faro"), si trova a 9 km dalla terraferma ().
 Golub-Tërjur-Aryta (Голуб-Тëрюр-Арыта), ().
 Ulachan-Ary (Улахан-Ары, in lingua jacuta significa "isola grande"), si trova proprio di fronte allo sbocco principale dell'Olenëk, ad ovest di Kugun-Aryta (). Ha un'altezza massima di 4 m.
 Ot-Ary (От-Ары)
 Ilin-Golub-Tërjur-Aryta (Илин-Голуб-Тёрюр-Арыта), ()
 Boldër-Aryta (Болдёр-Арыта)
 Sjugjuldër-Aryta (Сюгюлдёр-Арыта)
 Olëte-Aryta (Олёте-Арыта)
 Okuollach-Aryta (Окуоллах-Арыта)
 Kërsjuse-Aryta (Кёрсюсе-Арыта)
 Kugun-Aryta (Кугун-Арыта), si trova tra Ulachan-Ary, ad ovest, e Džangylach, ad est ().
 Chobuoch-Aryta (Хобуох-Арыта), posizionata a nord del gruppo, ad est di Okuollach-Aryta e a ovest di Kas'jan-Bettimete.
 Kas'jan-Bettimete (Касьян-Беттимете), una tra le più settentrionali.
 Kas'jan-Aryta (Касьян-Арыта)
 Džangylach (Джангылах), la più grande isola del gruppo, lunga 21 km e larga 16 km; si trova ad est di Kugun-Aryta ().
 Chachys-Bël'këë (Хахыс-Бёлькёё), a nord-ovest di Džangylach.
 Boris-Aryta (Борис-Арыта)
 Bylyktach-Aryta (Былыктах-Арыта, in lingua jacuta significa "isola di fango"), si trova a 2,4 km dalla terraferma ().
 Tigjan-Aryta (Тигян-Арыта), a sud di Bylyktach-Arytatra, tra quest'ultima e la terraferma ().
 Isole Tisjan-Bël'këjdërë (Тигян-Бёлькёйдёрё)
 Chastach-Ary (Хастах-Ары)
 Isaj-Bël'këë (Исай-Бёлькёё), si trova a 6,7 km dalla terraferma (), a sud di Chastach-Ary da cui è divisa da un sottile canale.
 Tigjan-Bettiemete (Тигян-Беттиемете)
 Tongoloch-Bël'këë (Тонголох-Бёлькёё)
 Kjurjur-Ary (Кюрюр-Ары)
 Charytka-Bël'këë (Харытка-Бёлькёё), la più orientale del gruppo ().

Isole del delta della Lena
Il delta della Lena si divide tra una moltitudine di isole piatte. Un gruppo di esse si trova nel golfo di Olenëk dove sbocca l'Olenëkskaja, uno dei bracci principali della Lena. Le isole sono (da ovest a est):
Ulachan-Uės-Aryta (Улахан-Уэс-Арыта),
Čyčas-Aryta (Чычас-Арыта),
Petruška (Петрушка),
Džangylach-Aryta (Джангылах-Арыта),
Samach-Ary (Самах-Ары),
Džachsalach-Aryta (Джахсадах-Арыта),
Basyrgastach-Aryta (Басыргастах-Арыта),
Bel'kёj Aryta (Белькёй-Арыта),
Tyalyr-Mengnjach-Aryta (Тыалыр-Менгнях-Арыта),
Soduom-Aryta (Содуом-Арыта),
Chomo-Aryta (Хомо-Арыта),
Kjurjul'gen-Aryta (Кюрюльген-Арыта),
Ulachan-Aryta (Улахан Арыта),

Note

Voci correlate
Isole russe dell'Artico
Isole del delta della Lena

Collegamenti esterni
 Mappa nautica delle isole Ogonnër-Bel'këjdere: S-50-XXIX,XXX (1987)

Golfo di Olenëk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


During The Game Awards 2018 developer, Midwinter Entertainment announced its new Surival shooter called Scavengers. The trailer was also dropped and shows several armed people dropping from an orbiting space station to an icy world to take on the elements and other threats.
Scavengers uses SpacialOS technology and on stage, was described as a "Survival shooter coopertition" that's designed for "replayable session based multiplayer experiences".
The Scavengers website seems to tease more about survival elements such as surviving the cold and also the cooperation with class-based teamwork. It describes each round as a puzzle that you'll need to work together with your team to solve.
Scavengers is set in a not-so-distant future where a destructive event has caused a new ice age. The new icy world of many threats including other raiders, mutated monsters, limited resources, the weather on the planet itself, and of course other players.
It seems this teamwork may quickly turn into free for all to see who will survive once the outside danger has passed considering the limited resources and probably also just player lust for power.
You can sign up to become a part of the playtesting group for Scavengers which will begin in 2019. No official release date was announced as of yet.


text:
Vermont is the latest state to declare a hepatitis A outbreak
Researchers develop the first mosquitoes synthetically designed to neutralize dengue
China: Wuhan officials report 17 additional coronavirus cases
Anthrax in Zimbabwe: Scores being treated after eating tainted meat
Taenia solium drugs: Study examines efficacy against the pork tapeworm
Outbreak News Radio
Drugs and antibiotics
Home » US News » New Jersey reports pediatric death due to Enterovirus D68 in Mercer County
New Jersey reports pediatric death due to Enterovirus D68 in Mercer County
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Friday notified the New Jersey Department of Health that a Mercer County child who died last week tested positive for the respiratory illness enterovirus D68 (EV-D68).
Map of New Jersey/ National Atlas of the United States
"Our thoughts remain with the family at this very difficult time," said Health Commissioner Mary E. O'Dowd. "While the child has tested positive for EV-D68, the cause of death has not yet been determined and it is unclear if EV-D68 played a direct role or was a contributing factor in his death."
The Mercer County's child's death is the first New Jersey child death involving EV-D68.
The CDC also notified the Department Friday of an additional confirmed case of EV-D68 in a Middlesex County child. Including tonight's two new confirmed cases of EV-D68, the state currently has nine confirmed cases of EV-D68 in the following counties: Camden, Burlington, Mercer, Middlesex, Morris Essex, Passaic and Sussex.
Related: Rhode Island: Child dies from Staphylococcus aureus sepsis associated with enterovirus D68 infection
From mid-August to October 3, 2014, CDC or state public health laboratories have confirmed a total of 538 people from 43 states and the District of Columbia with respiratory illness caused by EV-D68. The 43 states are Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
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Austin, Texas: 1st rubella case reported since 1999
Polio news from the Philippines: 4 new cases reported
Chikungunya epidemic in Djibouti: 'Unprecedented', according to media report
San Francisco, New York and Los Angeles airports to implement health screenings for novel coronavirus
Nipah virus infection reported in Khulna, Bangladesh: Media reports
Norovirus reported at Yosemite National Park
Karachi reports 3rd human rabies case in January… so far
India issues travel advisory for China due to novel coronavirus
Novel coronavirus: Thailand reports 2nd confirmed case
Nigeria closes out 2019 with two additional confirmed monkeypox cases
Maine reports more than 2,000 Lyme disease cases in 2019
Novel coronavirus in China: Diagnostic test, 2nd death in Wuhan
E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks linked to romaine lettuce declared over
Monkeypox alert issued in Eastern Cameroon: Media report
Research: Pig virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, shows cross-species transmission to poultry
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Do Datadog has the ability to exclude some of the websites from profiling? Do Datadog has the ability to exclude some of the websites from profiling?
ie, Suppose client has 10 websites hosted in IIS but he needs only 3 websites to be profiled.Is it possible to do so?
Any help is highly appreciated :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ten Questions for 21st Century Planetary Science
Brandon Keim
The National Research Council has identified the ten big questions confronting planetary science in the 21st century — and they are big. Among the gaps remaining to be filled in our knowledge of Earth: how it (and other planets) formed; what happened during the first 500 million years; how the core functions, and why Earth […]
The National Research Council has identified the ten big questions confronting planetary science in the 21st century -- and they are big.
Among the gaps remaining to be filled in our knowledge of Earth: how it (and other planets) formed; what happened during the first 500 million years; how the core functions, and why Earth has plate tectonics and continents; how micro-scale material processes affect its processes; and how life formed and shaped the earth.
Seeing these questions arrayed in one place is surprising, and a bit humbling -- the power and scope of modern science makes it easy to forget that there's much we don't know. I was also reminded of John
Horgan's The End of Science, in which the acclaimed science journalist contended that few breakthroughs remained in the pure sciences.
Published in 1996, the End of Science now has the feel of an old news story on the dominance of America Online -- very much an artifact of its time.
Origin and Evolution of Earth: Research Questions for a Changing Planet [National Research Council]
Image: Wadis in southeast Jordan, courtesy of Earth as Art's Landsat-7 image collection.
Note: A wonderful interview with Horgan here.*
The Return of Pangea
Northern Lights' Source Found in Giant "Magnetic Ropes"
Life on Earth -- and Other Planets -- May Have Originated in Space ...
New Explanation For DNA Ingredient's Emergence From Primordial Soup
WiSci 2.0: Brandon Keim's Twitter and Del.icio.us feeds; Wired Science on Facebook.
Brandon is a Wired Science reporter and freelance journalist. Based in Brooklyn, New York and Bangor, Maine, he's fascinated with science, culture, history and nature.
TopicsEarth ScienceGeologyspace


Without trying to be naughty as it may sound in some Philippine dialect, Poque-poque is an Ilocano dish made of eggplant with onions, tomatoes, and egg. It was one of the dishes that I really missed, and it was one of the dishes I got to eat—but with a twist.
Goodness gracious! I didn't realize that my second season (anniversary) of running had just passed last August 17! And as of that date I accumulated a total of 2,012 kilometers (since August 17, 2008, my first ever race). I've no idea though how much of it was earned during the last 12 months, but it's at least 1,000 kilometers. So I guess that wraps up my second season of running!
Yesterday was the first day of race packet claiming for the forthcoming Condura Run 2010, Run for the Dolphins, and I couldn't think of any way it could be better. I arrived pretty late in Condura Village (across ROX, Bonifacio High Street) at around 8:30PM and I feared that claiming is already closed for the day since on the claim receipt it states that claiming is only until 8PM that day (11AM – 10PM on Friday, February 5 and 11AM – 6PM on Saturday, February 6), but to my surprise there were people still manning the area. You can't miss it because the booths are plenty, reminiscent of SCSM, and was very, very organized, clustered by distance and sorted by last name. There's even a dedicated area for international runners. Going back, I went to the 42K area and looked for letter "R" (my last name) and asked if it was still okay to claim my packet. Without any hesitation I got a "Sige Sir" (surely, Sir) response and I presented my claim receipt. Their method was as efficient as it can be and in just a while I had my race packet—very easy! They even offered me this Sunday's copy of Condura Run 2010 Special section of The Philippine Star dated February 07, 2010 (now that's what I call an "early edition"). Make sure to get one because it contains the detailed route of all events plus more information about the race.
As for the race packet, it comes in a big brown envelope containing another smaller envelope with two race bibs (one containing your number and another blank one for some messages) with eight safety pins; a section of March 29, 2009 edition of The Philippine Star containing last year's race results, flyers and product samplers from sponsors, a reflector, and a very nice finisher's shirt (which I really love!).
One thing I noticed though was that the lower left section of your race bib where a barcode containing your number should appear doesn't have any markings! Make sure to write your race number there using a waterproof-permanent marker just to be safe on the results aspect. While you're at it fill up the information at the back of the race bib. You'll never know if it may come in handy!
I really enjoyed the night and to the new faces I met it was a pleasure to meet you all. To those who had asked to be paced or asked for my target time I'm sorry if I wasn't able to give my commitment promise or gave a definite answer as I really just intend to enjoy this race—no pressure, no expectations, just fun! Just give this race for me to savor and next time I promise to be of service to fellow runners. This would be my comeback race after two months of hibernation so I hope you all understand. Good luck to all Condura runners! Run safe!
To all QCIM pacers please be informed that there would be a final pacers' briefing tomorrow before the race, 4AM at Max's Restaurant inside QMC.
Good luck to all runners! Run safe!
2009 is my first full year of running and with the first half completed its time to have a look back at some of my highlights for the first six months of the year.
The year started with "bi-polar" races: one was well praised and the other went in infamy. Of course I'm referring to TNF Thrill of the Trail in Nasugbu, Batangas and PSE Bull Run in Bonifacio Global City, respectively. While people can't stop being enthusiastic about their wonderful experience with the trails of Batulao and the race overall (including myself), it was the complete opposite on the other side of the track—I've never heard of so much complaints about a race and it probably had the record of the longest queue at the finish.
The following weekend race was probably redemption for a lot of runners with the Happy Run—another RunRio event that was one of the most organized and fun race of the year thus far.
It was also during this month that I acquired my Garmin 405—just a day before we were off for Batangas for the TNF Thrill of the Trails where it had an excellent stage for a debut. Also having a debut on this race was my first trail shoes, New Balance 811.
February was the first month since I started running that I had zero races. This was the first of two months that I was in Ohio, USA and in spite of being race-less I was not run-less: the below freezing temperature wasn't enough to stop me from running outdoors—an experience that I suggest everyone try at least once in their lives. While I was "chilling" on the other side of the world the race scene in the Philippines ensued the love month. There wasn't much high-profile races for this month making my craving for races more bearable.
Before leaving for the US I managed to have my first LSD (Long Slow Distance) run along one of the dreaded routes in the Metro—EDSA, from North Ave. all the way to the SM Mall of Asia grounds.
By the time race season was starting in the US due to the arrival of spring I was unfortunate enough to be packing my bags for home thereby missing the opportunity to participate in races stateside, but on the bright side I was back for one of the most anticipated races of the year—Condura Run. This race was one of the rare opportunities to run on the SkyWay and was also my first half-marathon and first race medal. Also first for this event was the Carbo-Loading Party of takbo.ph which they say was a first for a half-marathon race.
This was the month of LSDs for me as there were only a handful of races set. Among these routes were Commonwealth Ave. to Bonifacio High Street via C5; Commonwealth Ave. to SM Mall of Asia via Quezon Ave., España Ave., and Roxas Blvd.; and my first LSD on trails in Montalban.
Arguably the highlight race of this month was the Greenfield City Run in Sta. Rosa, Laguna. With its free shuttle service many runners were given chance to run outside Metro Manila and experience the fresh landscape of the rural areas.
May boasts the longest and one of the most difficult races in the country, The North Face 100 (or simply TNF100). Many underestimated the trails of Sacobia, Clark before they even embarked on it so it was a shock for many, even seasoned ultramarathoners, on how difficult this race was this year resulting in only a select few proud finishers. This was my first attempt at an ultramarathon and I am very proud to be one of the few finishers of this race. It was also my longest distance-wise at 100K, and time-wise at 30 hours (raw time that includes eating, resting, and some dozing off).
May also sparked my return to trekking with our initial climb to the summit of Mt. Maculot in Cuenca, Batangas. This became a "team-building" activity for me and my takbo.ph friends and because we had taken an unexpectedly difficult trail it also served as my training for TNF100 that followed two weeks after.
The month was ended by a rivalry of two high-profile races: The Earth Run at McKinley Hill and Microsoft's IE8 Run at Bonifacio Global City. It was a difficult time for runners on which "side" to choose but in the end The Earth Run came out with being more competitive and having more attendance.
The month kicked off with another high-profile and highly anticipated race, the Mizuno Infinity Run. Coming from a popular footwear brand, this race has a good set of followers which were not disappointed with the race outcome as it became the first race to have a "Time Challenge." This year's participants had their finish time recorded for next year's race where they can challenge their previous record for a chance of a prize.
The second week of June was the Independence Week with the 12th of the month being the Independence Day of the Philippines. For a change I left my running shoes home and put on my trail running shoes for the first Freedom Climb—40 summits nationwide simultaneously having flag raising ceremonies to commemorate the occasion. It was the first official climb of our takbo.ph offshoot group, the RunHikers as a group, in Pico de Loro, Cavite.
If May brags of an ultra-trail race, June is not far with an ultra and trails. More like a month-wide split of the TNF100, June had an ultramarathon road race: Botak 100, and two trail run (and bike) races: King of the Mountain (KOM) in Timberland and Men's Health All Terrain in Sta. Elena, Laguna.
The All Terrain race was a good race overall especially for introducing trail runs for beginners. The race was well-organized flawed only by the fact that the trails were a little dull. This was salvation for Men's Health reputation from their abysmal past races.
Finally to close the first half of the year was Botak 100—the first ultramarathon road race in Mega Manila. Despite Botak's attempt to salvage their reputation from the last race that plagued them, it was "A" (H1N1) viral issue that hampers their efforts. That issue led them to postpone the side events of this race to the dismay of some runners (myself included). Fortunately enough the ultramarathon road race pulled their reputation forward that Botak could be proud to say that they "pulled it off." Surely there were still a lot of shortcomings but as an "active spectator" all these issues were negligible. Welcome back, Botak!
Truly it was a roller-coaster ride for the first half—events fell on either side of the poles. From the best to the worst these races and other side events really made the first half of 2009 quite remarkable. Now that the second half is about to begin, will it be able to outshine the half that was? Or will the race organizers sit on their laurels and stop innovation? I guess we'll all find out soon enough.


This is very easy and quick stir fry. Hard boiled eggs are stir fried with onion tomato masala and lastly spiced with pepper powder. This yummy masala egg pepper fry goes well with all variety rice, pulao and biryani also. The recipe as follows..
Boil eggs with enough water for 15 minutes in medium heat. Then turn off the stove and leave the eggs in stove stove for 5 minutes. Then drain and peel the shells and cut each in to 4 pieces(vertical) and keep aside.
Heat oil in a pan, add mustard and fennel seeds wait till it splutter then add chana dal and fry till light golden brown.
Then add crushed ginger , garlic, curry leaves and sliced onions and saute for 1-2 minutes.
After that add tomato and saute till it turns soft and add chilli n garam masala powder and stir fry for a minute.
Now add enough salt,sprinkle little water and stir well and then add cut egg pieces and gently mix well with the masala. Take care not to mash the egg yolks with masala.
Then add pepper powder and mix well and lastly add finely chopped cilantro and turn off the stove.
That's it...Masala Egg Pepper Fry is ready to serve.
Instead of chilli powder you can also add slit green chillies and stir fry along with onion and proceed other steps.
You can also add fried curry leaves just before serving ( I did so).
Instead crushed ginger n garlic , use 1/2- 1 tsp of ginger garlic paste.
I love eggs and this looks very tempting. I'm going to try this.
Love this sort of egg fry simply with rasam and rice,delicious and inviting.
looks spicy n garam garam dear...beautiful masala ingredients!!
Sangee, share panninathukku romba thanks. Always on the the look out for simple egg recipes such as this.
Thanks for the help, this was really nice to look at.
Masala egg fry looks spicy and yummy.
This is quick and looks yummy too..
wow Sangee, ithu super aayiriku :) hope my tamil is ok ;)..love this egg fry..!!
i loved this version of egg fry dear...egg is my hubbys favorite....bookmarking this recipe !wishing u n ur family a merry christmas !
i love eggs, this looks spicy & delecious!
Egg fry looks so very yum.
mmm...looks delish!! Loved the pics.


text:
Free Books / Health and Healing / Homeopathy / Tissue Remedies of Schüssler /
Morphine Habit
This section is from the book "The Twelve Tissue Remedies Of Schussler", by William Boericke, Willis A. Dewey. Also available from Amazon: The Twelve Tissue Remedies of Schüssler.
Natrum Phos
M. J. Luys reports the case of a physician who had been accustomed to take about seven grains of morphine daily. Small doses of Natrum phosphoricum were given subcutaneously (with glycerin and water), and as they were gradually increased, the morphine was progressively diminished. In two months the morphine was discontinued entirely, and then the doses were progressively diminished, and finally stopped altogether in two weeks more. There remained no desire for the morphine.
Kali Phos
Young lady, aged 20, intelligent, handsome, moving in the tipper circles of society, nevertheless a confirmed morphine fiend. Two general practitioners of prominence and a specialist had attempted to cure her but failed utterly, due, as I afterwards learned, to the extreme prostration of the nervous system, amounting to almost total collapse.
I began the treatment with fear and trembling. I followed the mode adopted by our most noted and successful practitioners. But my patient was, apparently, destined to die. I had used one after another all the nerve tonics I could find in any school of medicine. I was defeated and felt thoroughly discouraged.
On my way to the patient's home, after I had resolved to relinquish the treatment, I happened to think of Kali phos. I returned to my office, got a supply of it, and started her taking a dose every fifteen minutes. At the same time I stopped all other heart and nerve "tonics." The change was wonderful. I could push the anti-morphine treatment and could sustain the nerve force. The sharp, intense headache, sleeplessness, wild, staring eyes, brown, dry tongue, and that horrible sinking, "all gone" sensation rapidly yielded to the cell-salt, and she made a good recovery. She is now, four years later, a remarkably vigorous, healthy and happy woman, without the least desire for the opiate, and has, as she expressed it, "a perfect terror of morphine".
I ascribe all the credit of the cure to Kali phos. (I used the 3x potency), for the other treatment could not have been completed had it not been for the cell-salt. (B. A. Sonders, M. D., Winterset, Ohio).
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text:
Texas Cookin' è il secondo album discografico di Guy Clark, pubblicato dalla casa discografica RCA Victor Records nel settembre del 1976.

Tracce
Lato A

Lato B

Musicisti
Texas Cookin'
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Chips Moman - chitarra elettrica
 David Briggs - pianoforte, clavinet, armonie vocali
 Charlie Bundy - basso, armonie vocali
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
 Jerry Jeff Walker - armonie vocali
 Nicolette Larson-De Vito - armonie vocali
 Lea Jane Berinati - armonie vocali
 Susanna Clark - armonie vocali
 Danny Rowland - armonie vocali
Anyhow, I Love You
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Rodney Crowell - chitarra acustica, armonie vocali
 Waylon Jennings - chitarra elettrica, armonie vocali
 Danny Rowland - chitarra elettrica
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 David Briggs - pianoforte
 Lea Jane Berinati - pianoforte elettrico
 Mickey Raphael - armonica
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
Virginia's Real
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Chips Young - chitarra acustica
 Mike Leech - basso
 Jerry Kroon - batteria
 Johnny Gimble - fiddle
 Jack Hicks - banjo
 Mickey Raphael - armonica
 Chuck Cochran - pianoforte elettrico
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
It's About Time
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Rodney Crowell - chitarra acustica, armonie vocali
 Danny Rowland - chitarra elettrica
 David Briggs - pianoforte elettrico, clavinet
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
Good to Love You Lady
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Jerry Jeff Walker - chitarra acustica, armonie vocali
 Danny Rowland - chitarra elettrica
 David Briggs - pianoforte
 Lea Jane Berinati - pianoforte elettrico
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Pete Grant - chitarra pedal steel
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
 Hoyt Axton - armonie vocali
Broken Hearted People
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Danny Rowland - chitarra elettrica
 David Briggs - pianoforte, pianoforte elettrico
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
Black Haired Boy
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica
 Danny Rowland - chitarra acustica
 David Briggs - pianoforte, pianoforte elettrico
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Pete Grant - dobro
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
 Lea Jane Berinati - armonie vocali
Me I'm Feelin' the Same
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Brian Ahern - chitarra acustica, chitarra elettrica
 Danny Rowland - chitarra elettrica
 Lea Jane Berinati - pianoforte elettrico, armonie vocali
 Mickey Raphael - armonica
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 Tommy Williams - fiddle
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
 Emmylou Harris - armonie vocali
The Ballad of Laverne and Captain Flint
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Danny Rowland - chitarra acustica, chitarra elettrica
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - batteria
 David Briggs - clavinet
 Mickey Raphael - armonica
 Tracy Nelson - armonie vocali
 Rodney Crowell - armonie vocali
The Last Gunfighter Ballad
 Guy Clark - voce, chitarra acustica
 Charlie Bundy - basso
 Chris Laird - finger cymbals
 Byron Bach - violoncello
 Waylon Jennings - armonie vocali
 Mike Leech - arrangiamento strumenti ad arco
Note aggiuntive
 Neil Wilburn - produttore (Freeflow Production)
 Registrazioni effettuate al Chips Moman's American Studios di Nashville, Tennessee, eccetto il brano Virginia's Real registrato al RCA Studios (Nashville, Tennessee)
 Grease Bros. - fotografie

Note

Collegamenti esterni
  (LP - Titoli e durata brani - Produttore)


If you really want to know Morocco, book now the 12 days Imperial Cities and Desert Tour. You will live 12 days through the whole Morocco, visiting the most typic places of this country. The tour starts from Casablanca, then Rabat, Meknes, Azrou, Midelt, Errachidia, the Ziz Valley, the Dunes of Merzouga, the Todra Gorge, the Dades Valley, the Roses Valley, Ouarzazate and it characteristic Kasbah of Ait Banhaddou, then Marrakech, Assaouira, El Jadida (on the Ocean with its fortified city of Mazagan) and then back to Casablanca. You will have the chance to know the most important places of Morocco in just 12 days. Book your Tour right now.
After Breakfast and after 3 hours driving we will arrive to Essaouira in the Souss valley, and only there, the argan tree grows, from which argan oil is harvested. In town, the women's cooperatives that run the sector market this renowned oil. Skin moisturizing, anti-ageing: its properties have been proven. To familiarize yourself with another facet of the local crafts, visit Chbanate Street, accessible from the Bab Marrakech bastion, and its weaving workshops producing wool blankets that can either be ecru or brightly colored. Also Kasbah's Sqala, the old artillery platform of the medina's maritime ramparts, the view over the port's Sqala, the ocean coastline and the medina, a UNESCO-listed World Heritage Site, is remarkable. At street level, in the souks that surround the Clock tower, some of Morocco's best parquetry craftsmen fashion sandarac wood with ancestral precision. After lunch and visiting the city we will head back to your hotel.
Dinner and overnight in a Riad.
After breakfast we will departure to the city of El Jadida, near the coastal road. We will cross the town of Oualidia and Safi, known for its beautiful pottery to reach El Jadida where we will have lunch. In the afternoon, you will have the opportunity to visit the ancient medina, which is an old Portuguese fort declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site and known with its great citadel and bastions after this we will continue our journey to Casablanca the economic capital of Morocco .
After breakfast we will head to Mohammed V Airport (depending on your flight timing). End of our services.


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Difference between revisions of "Shorthand"
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[[Image:Scribe.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of an Ancient Egyptian scribe.]]
Ever since there has been a written word, scribes have devised ways to transcribe the spoken word into a written form with the greatest ease. Dating as far back as the ancient Egyptians, archeologists have discovered traces of shorthand among scribal texts and artifacts. In fact, their shorthand became the normal writing style; leaving hieroglyphics for ornamental scrolls and decoration on temple and tomb walls.
==Definition==
Shorthand is a system incorporating the use of symbols or abbreviated words to form a new written language to substitute for a traditional language using full-length words, and by doing so this saves the employer of shorthand time.
==Ancient And International Stenography==
==Overview==
The Ancient Egyptians placed the scribe on an elite level and training to become one was met with extreme rigor. The scribe would, "Begin to study at five years of age. The rigours and harsh training of these young apprentices was well documented. Note the connotation of the egyptian word for teach, seba, which also means to beat." (Kreitzman 1)
Throughout the years, hundreds of different shorthand systems have been developed, and all have their own unique rules. Many of the modern systems use single letters to represent similar sounding whole words. For example, the letter C would represent the word 'See', when written in shorthand. Other systems use pictures to represent words. For example, a small circle, with a larger circle encompassing it would represent the phrase 'Around the world'. The picture method of shorthand involves much more memorization and practive for the stenographer, whereas the letter substitution system is more intuitive and would be less challenging to master.
The concept of Stenography (not the writing itself) was remediated throughout history in Eastern and Western cultures. Caligraphy has evolved as the formal, correct, way to write letters and words, whereas everyday handwriting is arguably a form of shorthand. Much like the alphabet itself, Stenography can be seen as a digital interpretation of an analog idea.
==Ancient History==
Dating back to the inception the written word, there is archeological evidence of shorthand. From civilizations like the Greeks and Romans scribal texts and artifacts have been recovered that depict their efforts at abbreviated language. In fact, for the Greeks and Romans shorthand became the normal writing style; leaving hieroglyphics for ornamental scrolls and decoration on temple and tomb walls. The term stenography was created to refer to the art of shorthand, therefore a person who employs shorthand may be labeled a stenographer.
The Ancient Egyptians placed of the scribe on an elite level and training to become one was met with extreme rigor. The scribe would, "Begin to study at five years of age. The rigours and harsh training of these young apprentices was well documented. Note the connotation of the egyptian word for teach, seba, which also means to beat." (Kreitzman) The concept of Stenography (not the writing itself) was remediated throughout history in Eastern and Western cultures. Caligraphy has evolved as the formal, correct, way to write letters and words, whereas everyday handwriting is arguably a form of shorthand. Much like the alphabet itself, Stenography can be seen as a digital interpretation of an analog idea.
During the Han Dynasty (207BCE – 220CE), the Chinese developed two forms of rapid writing known as xingshu (running script) and caoshu (grass script). Still used today, the different strokes in the former are combined and others left out whereas in the latter the entire character is written in one continuous stroke. This has made these forms of stenography incredibly difficult to read without extensive training. Over the years there has been an effort made to standardize these forms of Stenography but they have been met with a deal of opposition. This can be seen as a pop and whistle of this technology. No matter how much training in the writing one can have, every piece transcribed will be inconsistent with the others in the basic structure of the physical construction of the words themselves. Unlike using the Western alphabet (which is standardized) to make a group of manuscripts, using xingshu and caoshu is a lot riskier because the message will fundamentally change from scribe to scribe.
[[Image:Caoshu.gif|thumb|right|Mandarin Caoshu.]]
The ancient Romans also used shorthand and Stenographic techniques but in different ways. Vital military messages would be written in shorthand and, combined with Steganography (meaning "covered writing" [Dunbar 2]), they could successfully be transmitted as far as the messenger could travel. The information would be tattooed onto the bald head of the messenger and, after the hair grew back, they would travel with a fake message to their destination. Upon arrival their heads would be shaved and the true message would remain intact.
The ancient Romans also used shorthand and Stenographic techniques but in different ways. Vital military messages would be written in shorthand and, combined with Steganography (meaning "covered writing" (Dunbar), they could successfully be transmitted as far as the messenger could travel. The information would be tattooed onto the bald head of the messenger and, after the hair grew back, they would travel with a fake message to their destination. Upon arrival their heads would be shaved and the true message would remain intact.
==Contemporary and Western Stenography==
=Modern Shorthand: Pitman, Gregg and Teeline=
[[Image:Gregg.jpg|thumb|right|Gregg Shorthand.]]
There are many forms of shorthand being used in contemporary Western culture. However, the two most used are Pitman Shorthand and Gregg Shorthand. Sir Isaac Pitman in England developed Pitman Shorthand in 1837. Over the years it has been altered and adapted into over 15 different languages, but is used mostly by secretaries in the UK and America. Acting as a remediation of the Chinese scripts, Pitman Shorthand relies heavily on the thickness, length, and placement of each stroke. This, again, has made it hard to decipher; even among other stenographers because the width of each "letter" can be contested by anyone. Because of this inconsistency, this style began to loose favor after the invention of the mini tape recorder.
There are many forms of shorthand being used in contemporary Western culture. However, the three most used are Pitman Shorthand, Gregg Shorthand, and Teeline Shorthand.
John Robert Gregg invented Gregg Shorthand in 1888. To this day Gregg is primarily used in the US, although it has been adapted into some other languages. Unlike the Pitman style that has characters assigned to every letter, Gregg is phonetic. For example, form, elephant, and rough would all use the same stroke for the F sound even though they are spelled differently.
Today we can see how the ancient esteemed profession of the scribe has been recreated into the court reporter. Just like in antiquity, the court reporter has to be extremely skilled with their tools in order to be accurate enough to transcribe every word said while maintaining a high level of ethical pride. Their tools are also designed to copy information as fast as possible making their machine a remediation of the physical motions of the hand.
==Pitman==
We can also see traces of the ancient Roman's strategic techniques in contemporary international espionage and information transferring. Vital data has been transfered hidden in other data streams using encrypted languages and forms of digital shorthand. The Cold War can be seen as an example of the measures governments went through in order to relay a message. The United States invested millions of dollars in Stenographic techniques and technologies in order to counter Soviet transmissions and intercept some information for themselves. In fact, this war can be seen as built upon nothing more than the fear and proper usage of Stenography.
Sir Isaac Pitman in England developed Pitman Shorthand in 1837. Over the years it has been altered and adapted into over 15 different languages, but is used mostly by secretaries in the UK and America. Acting as a remediation of the Chinese scripts, Pitman Shorthand relies heavily on the thickness, length, and placement of each stroke. This, again, has made it hard to decipher; even among other stenographers because the width of each "letter" can be contested by anyone. Because of this inconsistency, this style began to loose favor after the invention of the mini tape recorder. "It is perhaps the most rapid shorthand system and is favored by many court and convention reporters. The Pitman system makes use of shading (a line heavily drawn has a meaning different from that of the same line lightly drawn) and of differences in slope and position on a given line; it is geometric in outline and is difficult to master but makes possible very great speed." (Colombia Encyclopedia, Glatte)
==Gregg==
John Robert Gregg invented Gregg Shorthand in 1888. To this day Gregg is primarily used in the US, although it has been adapted into some other languages. Unlike the Pitman style that has characters assigned to every letter, Gregg is phonetic. For example, form, elephant, and rough would all use the same stroke for the F sound even though they are spelled differently. Gregg "published a popular system of business shorthand that is still in use today. Its outlines are curved and natural, resembling those of ordinary script; need for lifting the pen was eliminated as much as possible, so that a cursive motion is used; there is no shading, but variation in length of line indicates variation in meaning. The outlines were scientifically worked out for simplicity and writing ease." (Colombia Encyclopedia, Leslie)
==Teeline==
Developed in 1968, Teeline shorthand was developed by James Hill, who was originally an instructor of Pitman shorthand. This system is mainly employed within the confines of The United Kingdom, and is primarily used by journalists. The Teeline system is similar to its predecessors: Pitman and Greg. (Glatte)
[[Image:Stenographymachine.jpg|thumb|left|Stenography Machine.]]
=The Downfall of Shorthand: From Stenography to Phonography=
[[Image:phonautograph.jpg|right|M.L. Scott's Phonautograph]]
After the invention of recorded sound, the use of shorthand went into decline. Stenography was replaced by Phonography, and later its function was replaced by the Phonograph. As the primary function of stenography was to transcribe live testimonial, tools for recording have been able to achieve this with more efficiency, and without human error. Eventually stenography evolved into phonography, which was a more advanced version of the former. It was considered "a natural method of writing all languages by one alphabet, composed of signs which represent the sounds of the human voice;...brieder than any other system, and which speakers can be followed verbatim." (Daily Atlas) As stenography involved mechanical dexterity, and was thought to utilize the intellect, it was taught to students, and used by teachers. (Porcupines Gazette) It attempted to capture and edify aspects of oral expression, and evolved to focus on the vocal element as opposed to the spelling of the word. (Gitelman) This was due to the fact that there was no way at that point to capture certain intonations of the speaker. Although spelling out the word was a way to capture the content of vocal expression, there was no way to capture the manner in which speech was expressed. The logic of capturing oral expression was extended into the subsequent invention of the Phonoautograph. This device was invented by M.L. Scott and purported to visibally fix sound on a tablet. This was a tool to capture the actual vocal expression, and to represent it visually.
==Works Cited==
However, the difference between this and stenography lies in the fact that the sound waves were not mediates a symbolic system of letters. At the same time the sounds were able to be read as they were visually distinct, and thus they were represented. Human voice was able to be distinguished from the sound produced by musical instruments. The acoustic vocabulary of tones and frequencies were employed to show how different sounds were represented visually on the tablet. This is a remediation of stenography as it attempted to capture the ephemeral sonic event, and to represent this event visually in a semiotic system. However, stenography employed writing, and the language used was the alphabet. It relied almost exclusively on the human labor of the stenographer. The Phonoautograph relied on the interface between sound and machinery much like the camera did with visual material substrate. There was an attempt to transcribe the graphic representation of sonic waves back into words, thus mimicking the process of stenography, however, this proved to be impossible, as all words looked visually different. "It is difficult to imagine the importance of the discovery, whether in respect it be in respect to the unimpeachable accuracy of the process, the entire absence or trouble and expense in reporting any articulate sounds, or the great saving of time, and exhausting labors of parliamentary reporters." (Porcupine's Gazette)The Phonograph extended the notion of converting oral experience into evidence.
Dunbar, Bret. A Detailed Look At Steganographic Techniques and Their Use in an Open-Systems Environment. Washington, DC: SANS Institue, 2002.
Kreitzman, Anita. History of Shorthand. Kings Park, NY: National Court Reporters Association, 2007.
Just Updated:
Macanair, John. Stenography Compendized. Glasgow: British Library, 2007.
shorthand." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (September 26, 2010).
Glatte, H. Shorthand Systems of the World, 1959.
Leslie, L. A. Story of Gregg Shorthand, 1964.
The Daily Atlas, Volume: XII; Issue: 127: Boston, Massachusetts, 1843.
Porcupine's Gazette:The Marvels of the Nineteenth Century- Sound Recording Itself; Volume: LXII; Issue: 3189;: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1861.
Winston, James. Stenography Completed. London: London, 1727.
[[Category:Dossier]]
Statue of an Ancient Egyptian scribe.
3 Ancient History
4 Modern Shorthand: Pitman, Gregg and Teeline
4.1 Pitman
4.2 Gregg
4.3 Teeline
5 The Downfall of Shorthand: From Stenography to Phonography
5.1 Works Cited
Dating back to the inception the written word, there is archeological evidence of shorthand. From civilizations like the Greeks and Romans scribal texts and artifacts have been recovered that depict their efforts at abbreviated language. In fact, for the Greeks and Romans shorthand became the normal writing style; leaving hieroglyphics for ornamental scrolls and decoration on temple and tomb walls. The term stenography was created to refer to the art of shorthand, therefore a person who employs shorthand may be labeled a stenographer. The Ancient Egyptians placed of the scribe on an elite level and training to become one was met with extreme rigor. The scribe would, "Begin to study at five years of age. The rigours and harsh training of these young apprentices was well documented. Note the connotation of the egyptian word for teach, seba, which also means to beat." (Kreitzman) The concept of Stenography (not the writing itself) was remediated throughout history in Eastern and Western cultures. Caligraphy has evolved as the formal, correct, way to write letters and words, whereas everyday handwriting is arguably a form of shorthand. Much like the alphabet itself, Stenography can be seen as a digital interpretation of an analog idea.
Mandarin Caoshu.
Modern Shorthand: Pitman, Gregg and Teeline
Gregg Shorthand.
Teeline
Stenography Machine.
The Downfall of Shorthand: From Stenography to Phonography
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