A lot of attention is given to smartphones on the premium end of the spectrum, but those often represent just a small portion of what consumers can afford. Many will prefer to buy cheaper but serviceable phones, especially those that come from reputable brands. One such example is Motorola's G series, whose sixth generation has yet to be announced. Continuing to whet fans' appetites, the third G6 model, the Moto G6 Plus, has just appeared on Geekbench, showing off just how powerful it is despite its expected price tag.
Thanks to advancements in technology as well as improvements in economics, mid-range phones have narrowed the gap between them and high-end premium models. Of course, a large gap still exists but, for most users, the compromise between battery life and performance is just fine.
Not that the Moto G6 Plus is a slouch. On Geekbench, it gets a single-core score of 866 and a multi-core grade of 4123. That's thanks to the Qualcomm Snapdragon 630, sadly not the 660, running the show. There's also 4 GB of RAM, which, until recently, is still the max amount of memory the likes of Samsung are sporting.
Not indicated but expected, the Moto G6 Plus will have a 5.93-inch Full HD+ 18:9 screen, probably no notch, on its front and dual cameras on its back. It will be joined by the Moto G6 and the Moto G6 and Moto G6 Play when Motorola announces its 2018 roster this week.


[Google Maps] Regarding "App fails message" and app closes by itself.
I had developed a mobile application having two screens but while accessing it through mobile, App closes automatically if I doesn't do anything for around 40-50 seconds in both screens: 1st and 2nd screen this issue exists. And a msg. of "App fails" is displayed.
Can anyone suggest any feasible solution to remove this issue.
If you developed a mobile application why are you using Google Maps for web?
You should use this one instead https://www.outsystems.com/forge/component/1396/google-maps-mobile/.


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text:
Jean Baptiste Guillaume Marie Anne Séraphin Joseph, comte de Villèle (* 14. April 1773 in Toulouse; † 13. März 1854 ebenda) war ein französischer Staatsmann. In der Epoche der Restauration hatte er ab Dezember 1821 die Funktion des Finanzministers inne; gleichzeitig wurde er de facto (offiziell ab September 1822) auch Präsident des Ministerrats, d. h. Regierungschef. Beide Ämter übte er bis zu seiner Entlassung im Januar 1828 aus. Ferner war er Ritter des Ordens vom heiligen Geist und Offizier der Ehrenlegion.

Frühes Leben
Jean Baptiste Guillaume Marie Anne Séraphin Joseph, comte de Villèle gehörte einer aus dem Lauragais stammenden, im 17. Jahrhundert in den Adelstand erhobenen Familie an. Er war das einzige Kind des 1822 verstorbenen Louis François Joseph de Villèle, Herr von Mourvilles-Basses, und der Anne Louise Blanc de la Guizardie. 1788 trat er in die Marineschule von Alais ein. Er wurde königlicher Marineoffizier und versah in der Folge Seedienste in West- und Ostindien, sodass er beim Ausbruch der Französischen Revolution von Frankreich abwesend war. Zuerst begab er sich nach Hispaniola, dann mit seinem Verwandten, dem Konter-Admiral Armand de Saint-Félix, auf die Île de France. Die revolutionären Ereignisse von 1793 zwangen Saint-Félix, sich auf die Île Bourbon zurückziehen, wohin Villèle ihn begleitete. Auf dieser Insel wurde Villèle, der ein Gegner der Revolution war, am 21. Mai 1794 während des Terrorherrschaft verhaftet, aber nach deren bald darauf erfolgter Beendigung im Oktober 1794 wieder freigelassen.

Im Oktober 1796 erwarb Villèle auf der Île Bourbon ein bescheidenes Gut, wurde durch Kaffeeanbau vermögend und heiratete am 13. April 1799 Barbe Mélanie Ombeline Panon Desbassayns, Tochter des reichen Pflanzers Henri Paulin Panon Desbassayns und dessen Gattin Marie Anne Desbassayns. Das Paar bekam fünf Kinder.

Erste politische Erfahrung sammelte Villèle in der Kolonialversammlung von Bourbon, wo er erfolgreich für die Bewahrung der Kolonie vor ständigen Einmischungen der Pariser Autoritäten kämpfte und auch verhinderte, dass unzufriedene Inselbewohner den Schutz der Engländer anriefen. Die Ankunft des von Napoleon entsandten Generals Decaen stellte die Sicherheit auf der Insel wieder her.

Beginn der politischen Karriere
1807 kehrte Villèle nach Frankreich zurück und lebte auf seinen großen Besitzungen in der nahe Toulouse gelegenen Gemeinde Mourvilles, deren Maire er im Januar 1808 wurde. Ferner war er seit 1811 Mitglied des Rates des Départements Haute-Garonne. Der Herrschaft Napoleons abhold wirkte er beim Widerstand der Royalisten mit und trat 1813 in deren Geheimgesellschaft Chevaliers de la Foi (d. h. "Glaubensritter") ein.

Als nach der ersten Restauration der Bourbonen, die Villèle enthusiastisch begrüßte, Ludwig XVIII. in der Erklärung von Saint-Ouen (frz. Déclaration de Saint-Ouen) eine Verfassung versprach, ließ Villèle im Mai 1814 die Flugschrift Observations sur le projet de constitution drucken, in der er dieses Vorhaben des Bourbonenkönigs als zu demokratisch kritisierte und die Wiederherstellung der absoluten Monarchie forderte. Während Napoleons Herrschaft der Hundert Tage schloss er sich den dagegen Widerstand leistenden Royalisten um den Herzog von Angoulême an und steuerte zu diesem gefährlichen Unternehmen 20.000 Francs aus seinem eigenen Portemonnaie bei.

Mitglied der Chambre introuvable
Nach der zweiten Restauration erhielt Villèle im Juli 1815 das Amt des Maire in Toulouse, das er bis Februar 1818 ausübte. Kurz nach seiner Übernahme des Maire-Amtes trug sich am 15. August 1815 in Toulouse die Ermordung des als Anhänger Napoleons verdächtigen Generals Ramel zu. Villèle, der dieses Attentat nicht hatte verhindern können, wurde dann mit einer knappen Mehrheit von drei Stimmen für das Département Haute-Garonne auch zum Deputierten in die Chambre introuvable gewählt. Dabei schloss er sich den diese Kammer dominierenden reaktionären Ultraroyalisten an, die für die Abschaffung der Verfassung, Wiederherstellung des alten Großgrundbesitzes sowie harte Bestrafung der ehemaligen Revolutionäre und der Bonapartisten eintraten. Bald stieg Villèle zu einem der Wortführer der Ultras auf. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Partei verfolgten Ludwig XVIII. und die von Richelieu geführte Regierung eine gemäßigtere, auf friedlichen Ausgleich bedachte Politik.

Häufig kam es zu Konflikten zwischen der Regierung und den Ultras, so etwa Anfang 1816, als Villèle und seine Parteikollegen ein von Innenminister Vaublanc vorgelegtes Wahlgesetz energisch ablehnten. Villèle plädierte für eine deutliche Herabsetzung des Wahlzensus, um das Wahlrecht, das zweistufig sein sollte, auf ärmere Schichten wie die Bauern zu erweitern. Die Ultraroyalisten misstrauten nämlich der städtischen bürgerlichen Mittelschicht, die sie u. a. der Sympathie für liberale Ideen verdächtigten; von den Bauern nahmen sie hingegen wegen deren größerer Abhängigkeit ein für die altadeligen Großgrundbesitzer eher positives Wahlverhalten an. Auf kantonaler Ebene sollten nach Villèles Konzept alle über 25-jährigen Franzosen, die mindestens 50 Francs jährliche Steuerleistung erbrachten, ihre Stimme abgeben dürfen, während alle Franzosen ab der gleichen Altersstufe, aber mit über 300 Francs jährlicher Steuerabgabe an der Wahl der Deputierten der Arrondissements teilnehmen könnten, unter denen dann der König die Vertreter der Departements aussuchen würde. Ferner sollten die Abgeordneten der Kammer nur alle fünf Jahre und dann zur Gänze neu bestimmt werden. Über das Wahlgesetz kam keine Einigung zustande und am 5. September 1816 löste der König die Chambre introuvable auf.

Weitere Opposition gegen die Kabinette Ludwigs XVIII.
Obwohl die Ultras in der vom 25. September bis 4. Oktober 1816 neugewählten Kammer nun in der Minderheit waren, nahm Villèles persönliche Autorität ständig zu. Nüchtern und geschäftsgewandt übte der rednerisch begabte Politiker eine gemäßigte Oppositionstätigkeit gegenüber dem weiterhin vom Herzog von Richelieu geführten Kabinett aus. Als Medium für Regierungskritik nutzte er auch die Presse, insbesondere Le Conservateur. Seine Aversion gegen die Charte Ludwigs XVIII. ließ mit der Zeit nach, und allmählich wurde er der bedeutendste Führer der Ultraroyalisten. Vergeblich war aber sein Widerstand gegen ein neues, vom Innenminister Lainé ausgearbeitetes, das städtische Bürgertum gegenüber dem Landadel begünstigendes und am 5. Februar 1817 beschlossenes Wahlgesetz, nach dem nur jeder über 30-jährige, mindestens 300 Francs jährliche Steuerleistung erbringende Franzose ein Stimmrecht für die in den Departementshauptstädten abzuhaltende Direktwahl der Deputierten hatte; auch sah es eine jährliche Erneuerung eines Fünftels der Abgeordneten vor.

Besonders erfolgreich äußerte sich der wirtschaftskompetente Villèle zu Finanzangelegenheiten. So unterbreitete er Vorschläge zur Realisierung einer seriösen Kontrolle der öffentlichen Ausgaben und kritisierte, freilich vergeblich, die kostspielige Aufnahme enormer Staatsanleihen durch die Regierung zur Bedienung der Staatsschulden, die durch sich auf die napoleonische Ära beziehenden Kriegsentschädigungsforderungen erhöht wurden. Ferner trug Villèle wesentlich zur Annahme des Änderungsantrages der Haushaltskommission von 1819 bei, der sich dem Spezialitätsprinzip bei den Ausgaben widmete.

Als Richelieu wegen des Erfolgs der politischen Linken bei den Ergänzungswahlen vom Oktober 1818 mit seiner Forderung nach einer Wahlgesetzänderung und Annäherung an die Ultras nicht durchdrang und deshalb im Dezember 1818 zurücktrat, war bei der daraus sich ergebenden Regierungsumbildung Villèle kurzzeitig als möglicher Marineminister im Gespräch. In der Folge ging das Kabinett auf die Linke zu und betrieb einen liberaleren Kurs, doch die weitere Erstarkung und Radikalisierung der Linken sowie die Beunruhigung der Regierung über die 1819 erfolgte Wahl des – der Befürwortung der Hinrichtung Ludwigs XVI. verdächtigen – Abbé Henri Grégoire in die Deputiertenkammer veranlasste einen erneuten Kurswechsel des Kabinetts, das nun die Zusammenarbeit mit den Ultras suchte.

Nach der Ermordung des Herzogs von Berry (14. Februar 1820) gingen die liberalen Jahre zu Ende und es begann eine dritte Restauration. Richelieu wurde wieder Ministerpräsident und konnte nun auf die Unterstützung von Villèle und anderen Ultraroyalisten bauen. Villèle befürwortete das am 28. März verabschiedete Gesetz zur Beschneidung individueller Freiheiten sowie jenes vom 31. März zur Wiedereinführung der Zensur und beteiligte sich eifrig an den Debatten über das am 30. Juni beschlossene neue Wahlgesetz des doppelten Votums, das ein doppeltes Stimmrecht für die 23.000 reichsten Franzosen festschrieb. Allerdings bestritt er, dass seine Partei alle früheren Rechte der Aristokratie wiederherstellen wolle. Er war einer der Vizepräsidenten der Deputiertenkammer und übernahm vom 8. bis 11. Juni 1820 vorübergehend deren Vorsitz.

Regierungschef unter Ludwig XVIII.
Richelieu musste nach Wahlerfolgen der Ultraroyalisten am 21. Dezember 1820 zwei ihrer Führer, Villèle und dessen engen Freund Corbière, als Minister ohne Portefeuille in sein Kabinett aufnehmen. Villèle demissionierte aber am 25. Juli 1821, da er Richelieus Politik noch immer als zu liberal betrachtete.

Der Sturz Richelieus brachte – erstmals unter Ludwig XVIII. – die Ultras an die Macht. Mit seinem Freund Corbière wurde Villèle mit der Bildung des neuen Kabinetts beauftragt, an welcher der mit den Ultras sympathisierende spätere König Karl X. wesentlich mitwirkte. Villèle übernahm am 14. Dezember 1821 das Amt des Finanzministers als Nachfolger von Antoine Roy  und war zugleich de facto, seit dem 5. September 1822 auch offiziell Regierungschef. Vom König am 17. August 1822 zum Grafen erhoben, dominierte er bis Ende 1827 die nun illiberal-konservativ ausgerichtete Politik Frankreichs. Bei Hof erhielt er u. a. durch Sosthène de La Rochefoucauld und die Gräfin von Cayla, Zoé Talon, Unterstützung. In sein im Dezember 1821 gebildetes Kabinett traten Corbière als Innenminister, Pierre-Denis de Peyronnet als Justizminister, Mathieu de Montmorency-Laval als Außenminister, der Herzog von Belluno als Kriegsminister und Aimé Marie Gaspard de Clermont-Tonnerre als Marineminister ein; der Marquis von Lauriston blieb Minister des königlichen Hauses.

Als Finanzminister bemühte sich Villèle um die Erreichung eines ausgeglichenen Budgets und konnte die Staatsverschuldung beträchtlich verringern. Er suchte die Industrie mit Mitteln des staatlichen Finanzinstituts Caisse des Dépôts anzukurbeln und begann dabei mit der Sanierung des Hafens von Dünkirchen.

Restriktive Pressegesetze; Scheitern von Komplotten; reaktionäre Bildungspolitik
Der Regierungswechsel zog u. a. die Entlassung liberaler Beamter nach sich. Zwar wurde die Zensur im Februar 1822 abgeschafft, doch schränkte ein im gleichen Jahr beschlossenes und von Villèle verteidigtes Präventivpressegesetz die Pressefreiheit insofern erheblich ein, als Zeitungen nun wegen ihrer generellen Ausrichtung, wenn diese im Gegensatz zum Staatsinteresse stand, verboten werden konnten und jede Gründung eines neuen Blatts eine vorherige behördliche Bewilligung benötigte. Dies bedeutete für die liberale Presse einen schweren Schlag.

Bereits seit 1821 und auch im Jahr 1822 suchten Teile der liberalen Opposition durch geheime Komplotte und Militärerhebungen die restaurative Phase zu beenden und dem Liberalismus wieder zum Durchbruch zu verhelfen. So wurde der General Jean-Baptiste Berton wegen seiner gescheiterten Revolte am 5. Oktober 1822 hingerichtet; ebenso wurden vier junge Unteroffiziere von La Rochelle am 21. September 1822 unter dem Vorwurf des Umsturzversuchs der Monarchie enthauptet. Deputierte wie La Fayette waren darin verwickelt. Alle Aktionen der Oppositionellen schlugen jedoch fehl.

In den Universitäten sah Villèle bedrohliche Brutstätten der Agitation. Er schloss 1822 die Medizinische Fakultät für drei Monate, weil dort der Rektor der Pariser Akademie verhöhnt worden war; ebenso musste die aufrührerische École normale supérieure bis März 1826 ihre Pforten schließen. Villèle ließ auch die von zahlreichen Studenten besuchten Vorlesungen von Guizot und Royer-Collard aussetzen. Der katholische Traditionalist Frayssinous wurde im Juni 1822 als Großmeister der Universität eingesetzt und leitete das Schulwesen. Bischöfe überwachten den Grundschulunterricht und Priester agierten in Gymnasien als Philosophielehrer. Diese Maßnahmen steigerten den Antiklerikalismus der Liberalen.

Militärintervention in Spanien
Auf dem Veroneser Kongress sagte Außenminister Montmorency zu, dass sein Land militärisch in Spanien intervenieren werde, um dem zur Anerkennung der liberalen Verfassung von 1812 gezwungenen König Ferdinand VII. wieder zur absolutistischen Herrschaft zu verhelfen. England lehnte eine solche Einmischung vehement ab. Montmorency hatte sein Versprechen außerdem ohne Abstimmung mit seinem Kabinett getroffen. Dennoch billigten die meisten Amtskollegen die Entscheidung des im November 1822 nach Paris zurückgekehrten Außenministers. Villèle, dem viel am Erhalt des Friedens gelegen war, leistete aber gegen die geplante Militärexpedition starken Widerstand und konnte hierbei auf die Unterstützung Ludwigs XVIII. bauen. Wegen dieses Konflikts trat Montmorency am 26. Dezember 1822 zurück, woraufhin er in François-René de Chateaubriand einen Nachfolger erhielt.

Letztlich gaben Villèle und der König dem Drängen der Ultras und der Staaten der Heiligen Allianz nach; am 28. Januar 1823 wurde der Krieg gegen Spanien beschlossen. Die Majorität der Kammer stimmte für die durch die Militärintervention nötig werdenden Maßnahmen, doch unter heftigem Widerspruch der Linken, insbesondere des Deputierten Jacques-Antoine Manuel. Villèle wies die Behauptung einiger Oppositioneller zurück, dass es zwischen dem napoleonischen Einmarsch auf der iberischen Halbinsel von 1808 und der nun geplanten Intervention Parallelen gäbe. Manuel wurde wegen einer als Billigung der Hinrichtung Ludwigs XVI. interpretierbaren Äußerung aus der Kammer ausgeschlossen, was den Rückzug fast der gesamten dortigen Linken zur Folge hatte. In diesen Vorfall mischte Villèle sich nicht ein. Der Herzog von Angoulême befehligte dann das französische Expeditionskorps und setzte Ferdinand VII. wieder in seine Macht ein. Die Kosten des Feldzugs zerrütteten erneut die Staatsfinanzen, doch der kriegerische Erfolg stärkte den Einfluss der Ultras und das Ansehen Frankreichs in Europa.

Machtzementierung; vorläufiger Fehlschlag der Emigrantenentschädigung
Aus dem siegreichen Krieg gegen Spanien suchte Villèle politisches Kapital zu schlagen. Auf seinen Rat hatte Ludwig XVIII. die liberale Mehrheit im Oberhaus durch die Ernennung von 27 neuen Pairs gekippt, und nach der Auflösung der Kammer am 24. Dezember 1823 bot Villèle bei den Wahlen vom Februar und März 1824 seinen ganzen Machtzuwachs auf, um sich die Kammermajorität zu verschaffen. Tatsächlich gingen die Wahlen für die Rechte mit einem bedeutenden Erfolg aus. In der neuen Kammer (chambre retrouvée), die erstmals am 24. März 1824 zusammentrat, saßen nun 410 royalistische und ultraroyalistische, aber nur 19 liberale Abgeordnete. Um sich diese enorme rechte Mehrheit auch für die Zukunft zu sichern und so seiner Regierung größere Stabilität zu gewährleisten, schaffte Villèle die jährliche Neuwahl eines Fünftels der Abgeordneten ab und führte stattdessen die siebenjährige Legislaturperiode (Septennalität) der Kammer ein. Einen entsprechenden Gesetzesentwurf nahm die Pairskammer am 7. Mai 1824 an, sodann auch die Deputiertenkammer. Allerdings bildete sich nun innerhalb der Kammermehrheit eine heftige Opposition der äußersten Rechten um Villèles scharfen Gegner La Bourdonnaye.

Weniger Erfolg hatte ein von Villèle eingebrachter Gesetzesvorschlag, der die Konvertierung staatlicher Rentenpapiere vorsah. Dabei sollten die zahlreichen Besitzer von Staatspapieren zur Veräußerung solcher Titel gebracht werden, deren Kurs höher als der Nominalwert war, um diese danach zu einem geringeren Kurs wieder kaufen zu lassen. Mit den dadurch gewonnenen Mitteln sollte die "Emigrantenmilliarde" finanziert werden, also die Entschädigung früherer Emigranten, die während der Französischen Revolution ihre Güter verloren hatten. Dies bedeutete, dass bürgerliche Rentner für die durch die Revolution und das Regime Napoleons angefallenen Schulden gegenüber der Emigrantenaristokratie hätten aufkommen müssen. Das Projekt erregte großes Aufsehen und wurde u. a. von den Liberalen heftig bekämpft. In der Deputiertenkammer brachte der Finanzminister seine Gesetzesinitiative am 5. Mai 1824 mit 238 gegen 145 Stimmen durch, scheiterte aber an der Pairskammer, in der er weniger Einfluss besaß. So lehnten die Pairs sein Vorhaben am 3. Juni 1824 mit einer Mehrheit von 34 Stimmen ab.

Aus seinem Misserfolg zog der Finanzminister die Konsequenz, sich von Chateaubriand, der sich gegen den Rentenreduktionsplan ausgesprochen hatte, zu trennen. Interimistisch übernahm Villèle am 6. Juni 1824 daher auch das Amt des Außenministers, das dann ab dem 4. August 1824 Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas ausübte. Chateaubriand wurde aber ein erbitterter Gegner Villèles, die Partei der Ultraroyalisten spaltete sich weiter, und Villèle geriet nun auch in die heftige Kritik zweier Zeitungen, Journal des Débats und Quotidienne.

Durch königliche Ordonnanz vom 16. August 1824 wurde die Zensur vorübergehend wiedereingeführt und am 26. August ein von Frayssinous geleitetes Ministerium für Erziehung und geistliche Angelegenheiten errichtet. Außerdem wurden mehrere Bischöfe in den Staatsrat eingeführt und andere zu Pairs ernannt, was den steigenden klerikalen Einfluss anzeigt. Ludwig XVIII. starb am 16. September 1824.

Regierungschef unter Karl X.

Wachsender kirchlicher Einfluss; Beschluss der Emigrantenentschädigung
Auf das Ableben Ludwigs XVIII. folgte die Thronbesteigung seines 67-jährigen Bruders Karl X., der das Kabinett Villèle im Amt bestätigte und sich – trotz seiner bisherigen Unbeliebtheit – kurzzeitig populär zu machen verstand. So verfügte die Ordonnanz vom 29. September 1824, angeblich gegen den Rat Villèles, die Wiederherstellung der Pressefreiheit. Der Bourbone war aber sehr reaktionär, wollte die königliche Macht nicht von einem parlamentarischen System eingeschränkt sehen, führte manche alte monarchische Traditionen wieder ein und förderte als tiefgläubiger Katholik die weitere Stärkung des kirchlichen Einflusses in seinem Reich. Seine anfängliche Popularität schwand daher rasch.

Am 21. November 1824 beschloss das Kabinett, den Kammern zwei – vom politisch moderater gewordenen Villèle abgelehnte – Gesetzesentwürfe vorzulegen, deren einer die erneute Erlaubnis religiöser Kongregationen, und zwar auf dem Verordnungsweg durch den König, und deren anderer die Wiedereinführung der Gotteslästerung als Straftatbestand vorsah. So sollte Kirchenfrevel mit schwersten Strafen belegt werden. Zwar gingen diese Entwürfe trotz starker Kritik durch, doch wurde das Sakrileggesetz nie angewendet.

Es gab auch einen neuen Anlauf für die Emigrantenentschädigung. Einen entsprechenden Antrag brachte die Regierung am 3. Januar 1825 in die Deputiertenkammer ein. Demnach sollte knapp eine Milliarde Francs in Form einer Übergabe von dreiprozentigen Rentenpapieren als Entschädigung ausgezahlt werden. Es kam zu heftigen Kontroversen in beiden Kammern, die auch Grundsatzdebatten mit der ganz allgemeinen Geißelung der Französischen Revolution durch die Rechten sowie umgekehrt jener der Emigration durch die Linken beinhalteten. Villèle entgegnete bei diesen Diskussionen u. a. denjenigen, die den Emigranten ihre Flucht während der Revolution vorwarfen, dass diese keine andere Wahl gehabt hätten, wenn sie nicht durch die Guillotine sterben wollten; nur die Emigration der Bourbonen habe den Franzosen ihren König bewahrt, der ihnen den allgemeinen Frieden und Wohlstand zurückgegeben habe. Letztlich wurde der Regierungsentwurf in der Deputiertenkammer mit einer Mehrheit von 135 Stimmen sowie in der Pairskammer mit einer Majorität von 86 Stimmen angenommen und am 27. April 1825 als Gesetz verabschiedet. Auch ein modifiziertes Rentenreduktionsgesetz ging durch.

Im gleichen Jahr 1825 erreichte Villèle, dass seine Partei und der König zustimmten, die Unabhängigkeit Haitis gegen einen ehemaligen Plantagenbesitzern zugutekommende Entschädigungssumme von 150 Millionen Francs anzuerkennen. Mit diesem Schritt wollte Villèle auch dahingehend wirken, dass Spanien ebenfalls die Unabhängigkeit seiner amerikanischen Kolonien akzeptierte. Bei den sich im nächsten Jahr entwickelnden Diskussionen über die Verteilung der Entschädigungen kritisierte die rechte Konteropposition die Anerkennung von Haitis Souveränität, die Villèle mit Hinweis auf die Interessen des französischen Handels und der enteigneten früheren Siedler sowie den Schwierigkeiten einer Militärintervention und den damit verbundenen Kosten verteidigte, wobei er von den Linken Unterstützung erhielt.

Im Lande wurde unterdessen wegen der unverkennbaren Absicht des Ministeriums, die Verfassung allmählich zu beseitigen, wogegen nur noch die Opposition der Pairskammer wirksam war, die Missstimmung immer größer, namentlich als die Regierung den Jesuitenorden sehr förderte. Dessen Anhänger besetzten nun viele hohe Staatsämter; der schon 1822 einsetzende Trend, dass Geistliche zunehmend den öffentlichen Unterricht beherrschten, verstärkte sich. Insgesamt bestimmten Hof und Kirche politische Entscheidungen erheblich mehr als unter Ludwig XVIII. Liberale kritisierten daher die wachsende Macht einer "Priesterpartei". Diese suchte die ihr feindlich gesinnte Journale als dem Thron und der Religion gefährlich durch tendenziöse Prozesse auszuschalten. Doch die Gerichte stellten ihre Unabhängigkeit durch wiederholte Freisprechung der angeklagten Zeitungen unter Beweis und die Presseprozesse trugen eher zur Vermehrung des Einflusses freisinniger Autoren bei.

Zunehmender Widerstand gegen die Regierung Villèles
Am 28. November 1825 starb der liberal gesinnte General Maximilien-Sébastien Foy, und der Umstand, dass über hunderttausend Menschen seinem Leichnam folgten und für sein Denkmal mehr als eine Million Francs zusammenkamen, wurde von den Gegnern Villèles so geschickt genutzt, dass er um seine Entlassung bitten zu müssen glaubte, die ihm aber verweigert wurde.

Die am 31. Januar 1826 wiedereröffnete Kammer genehmigte zwar das Finanzgesetz, aber das vom Ministerium eingebrachte Gesetzesvorhaben zur Einführung des Erstgeburtsrechts wurde von der Pairskammer am 7. April 1826 verworfen. Wäre dieser Entwurf, an dessen Diskussion Villèle nur geringen Anteil nahm, durchgegangen, hätten die ältesten Söhne im Erbfall von Gütern mit über 300 Francs Grundsteuer einen größeren Erbteil erhalten. Nach der Regelung der Revolution bekamen hingegen alle Kinder den gleichen Erbteil. Der Gesetzesvorschlag zielte darauf ab, der Zerstückelung großer Güter entgegenzuwirken und somit die ökonomische Basis aristokratischer Großgrundbesitzer zu verbessern. Als finale Auswirkung des Erstgeburtsrechts erhofften sich die Ultras eine Aushöhlung des Prinzips bürgerlicher Gleichheit und einen Machtzuwachs des Adels, also die Rückgängigmachung der aus der Revolution entstandenen Gesellschaftsstruktur. Die Ablehnung der ministeriellen Vorlage bedeutete für Karl X. und seine Regierung eine schwere Niederlage.

In der Sitzung der Kammer vom 12. Dezember 1826 attackierten die äußerste Rechte und die liberale Opposition gemeinsam die Regierung, und auch künftig gab es zeitweilig einen solchen vereinten Widerstand der beiden unterschiedlichen Parteien gegen das Kabinett. Auf der Seite der Rechten kam es außerdem in Religionsfragen zur Bildung einer gallikanischen Opposition, deren Wortführer, der Graf von Montlosier die Jesuiten unter großem Beifall angriff. Kritik musste das Kabinett auch wegen seiner Politik bezüglich der englischen Intervention in Portugal einstecken, die wegen der Fortschritte portugiesischer Absolutisten erfolgt war, welche die liberale Charta Peters I. zu beseitigen suchten; jedoch konnte sich Villèles Regierungsmannschaft in beiden Kammern mit deutlicher Mehrheit durchsetzen.

Um die Attacken der liberalen Oppositionspresse abzustellen, entwarf der Justizminister Peyronnet den in der Öffentlichkeit bald als "Gesetz der Gerechtigkeit und Liebe" verhöhnten Plan, die Pressefreiheit stark zu beschränken. Zwar wagte die Regierung nicht, die erst von Karl. X. bei seiner Thronbesteigung abgeschaffte Zensur wieder einzuführen, doch suchte sie wenigstens eine vor dem Verkauf zu erfolgende Vorlage aller Bücher und Broschüren im Innenministerium vorzuschreiben und durch gesteigerte Stempelgebühren und hohe Geldstrafen die Pressevergehen der Journale zu verteuern, dadurch ihre Abonnentenzahl zu verringern und so ihre Wirksamkeit zu untergraben. Nur kirchliche Schreiben sollten von der Regelung nicht betroffen sein. In der Tat wäre bei Verwirklichung dieses sofort starke Kritik erregenden und von Chateaubriand als "Vandalengesetz" titulierten Regierungsvorhabens das Fortbestehen liberaler Zeitungen enorm erschwert worden. Sogar die Académie française erklärte in einer während ihrer Sitzung vom 16. Januar 1827 mehrheitlich verabschiedeten Supplik an Karl X. ihre Besorgnis über den geplanten Angriff auf die Medien.

Auch in der Deputiertenkammer kam es zu großer Entrüstung, als sie den Gesetzesentwurf vom 14. Februar bis 12. März 1827 debattierte. Zwangsmaßregeln der Regierung wie die Absetzung der gegen ihr Vorhaben auftretenden Mitglieder der Académie française (Joseph François Michaud, Abel-François Villemain u. a.), Schließung der Vorlesungen Victor Cousins und Guizots an der Sorbonne und des Generallehrerseminars steigerten noch die Erbitterung. Trotz der allgemeinen Proteste und den damit vereinigten Bemühungen der Konteropposition (La Bourdonnaye, Neuville u. a.) wurde der Entwurf mit 233 gegen 134 Stimmen am 17. März in der Deputiertenkammer angenommen. In der Pairskammer wurde er aber von der zur Prüfung ernannten und vom Herzog de Broglie geleiteten Kommission so sehr verwässert, dass die Regierung ihn am 17. April zurückzog, was in Paris heftig bejubelt wurde. Ein Beitrag im Journal des Débats vom 28. April 1827 forderte Villèle sogar unverblümt zum Rücktritt auf.

Als der König am 29. April 1827 die Nationalgarde auf dem Marsfeld inspizierte, tönte aus dieser der Ruf: "Vive la charte! À bas les jésuites! À bas les calotins!" ("Es lebe die Charte! Nieder mit den Jesuiten! Nieder mit den Pfaffenfreunden!") Darüber hinaus wurde Villèle von zwei am Finanzministerium vorbeiziehenden Legionen der Nationalgarde verspottet. Diese Ereignisse veranlassten den König auf Drängen Villèles noch in der Nacht vom 29. auf dem 30. April zur Unterzeichnung des Befehls, die gesamte Nationalgarde aufzulösen. Villèle sann auf eine Umgestaltung des Wahlgesetzes, um das aristokratische Element in den Kammern zu verstärken, und legte in diesem Sinn ein Jurygesetz vor, das nach wesentlicher Abänderung durch die Pairskammer durchging. Eine königliche Ordonnanz vom 24. Juni 1827, die von Villèle, Corbière und Peyronnet kontrasigniert wurde, setzte außerdem die Zensurgesetze von 1820 und 1821 wieder in Kraft. Dieser Akt steigerte aber die Unbeliebtheit der Regierung beim Volk weiter.

Den ministeriellen Bestrebungen gegenüber gründete Chateaubriand die Gesellschaft der Freunde der Pressefreiheit, deren Hauptaufgabe war, an Stelle der verdrängten oder unter Druck stehenden Journale der Zensur nicht unterliegende Flugschriften unter das Volk zu verbreiten, um es über die wichtigsten Ereignisse und Interessen aufzuklären. Aus dieser Gesellschaft entwickelte sich ein neuer Verein, der bald nach seinem Motto Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera genannt wurde. Die regierungsfeindliche Gesinnung des Volks sprach sich sowohl beim Leichenbegängnis Manuels († 20. August 1827), der ja der Verteidigung des Königsmords verdächtig war, als auch bei den Freisprechungen von Verfassern antiministerieller Schriften aus.

Auch die Außenpolitik Villèles konnte seine Stellung letztlich nicht festigen, obwohl der Vertrag Frankreichs vom 6. Juli 1827 mit Russland und Großbritannien zur Unterstützung des griechischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges gegen das Osmanische Reich und die Vereinigung einer französischen Flotte unter Admiral Henri de Rigny mit der russischen und britischen am 20. Oktober 1827 im Seesieg von Navarino und in der Vernichtung der türkischen Flotte resultierten.

Sturz
Da Villèle nicht mehr über eine sichere Majorität in der Deputiertenkammer verfügte und sich mehrfach mit starker Opposition in der Pairskammer konfrontiert gesehen hatte, suchte er Karl X. davon zu überzeugen, ihm durch einen politischen Befreiungsschlag in die Lage zu versetzen, die Macht des Ministeriums wiederherzustellen. Die auf Villèles Rat erschienenen königlichen Ordonnanzen vom 5. November 1827 sahen die eine Umgestaltung der Pairskammer im Sinne der Regierung durch die Ernennung von 88 neuen Pairs vor, ferner die vorzeitige Auflösung der Deputiertenkammer mit anschließenden Neuwahlen sowie die erneute Aufhebung der Zensur. Durch einen frühen Wahltermin – der auf den 17. und 24. November 1827 festgelegt wurde – hoffte Villèle, die organisatorische Festigung der Opposition zu verhindern. Da er aber eigenmächtig gehandelt und insbesondere bei der großen Zahl neu ernannter Pairs seine Kollegen nicht um Rat gefragt hatte, so verletzte er durch diesen Akt nicht nur die Pairskammer, sondern auch seine Ministerkollegen. Die neuen Pairs waren meist Bischöfe und reaktionäre ehemalige Emigranten, und unter den Deputierten, denen er Hoffnung auf die Pairswürde gemacht hatte, ohne sie zu erfüllen, bereitete sich eine heftige Opposition vor.

Infolge der Abschaffung der Zensur konnte sich die Presse wieder heftigere Angriffe auf die Regierung leisten, und die erwähnten neuen Vereine zur Verteidigung der Pressefreiheit unterstützten die Wahlkampagne der Opposition, deren Führer auf der Linken und Rechten während des Wahlkampfs miteinander kooperierten. In der ersten, in den Wahlkollegien der Arrondissements abgehaltenen Runde siegte die Opposition mit großem Erfolg, was vor allem in Paris heftig gefeiert wurde. Es kam in der Hauptstadt in der Nacht vom 19. auf den 20. November 1827 zu Ausschreitungen, bei denen sogar Barrikaden errichtet wurden. Das dagegen eingesetzte Militär wurde der Situation rasch Herr, wobei auch Tote zu beklagen waren. Drei Deputierte besprachen sich deshalb mit Villèle, und einer dieser Abgeordneten, Benjamin Constant, ließ anklingen, dass die bei den Wahlen unterlegene Partei diese Unruhen vielleicht organisiert hatte. Der erste Minister entgegnete, dass die Partei, welche die Auflösung der Nationalgarde bedauerte, noch mehr Interesse an der Anstiftung des Aufruhrs gehabt haben könnte. Die Besprechung blieb ergebnislos. Im zweiten Wahlgang schnitten die ministeriellen Kandidaten besser ab, was wiederum den Verdacht nährte, die Polizei habe die Unruhen angestiftet, um die Wähler von der Abgabe regierungsfeindlicher Stimmen abzuhalten. Indessen vermochten die Sympathisanten der Regierung im Endergebnis nur noch 180 Abgeordnete zu stellen, während die Liberalen es nun auf eine gleiche Anzahl von Sitzen und die Rechtsopposition auf 75 Sitze brachten.

Zunächst wollte Villèle, der wiedergewählt worden war, von einem Rücktritt noch nichts wissen, aber er hatte seinen Kredit auch bei vielen Männern des engsten Umfelds Karls X. verspielt. Sie verlangten die Bildung eines Kabinetts, das in der Lage sein sollte, aus den Royalisten wieder eine einheitliche Partei zu machen. Der König bestand darauf, dass sein enger Vertrauter Jules de Polignac einen Ministerposten im Kabinett erhalten musste. Diesen Plan bekämpfte Villèle jedoch heftig, während Karl X. wiederum einen Eintritt Chateaubriands in die Regierung negierte. Der Premierminister sah schließlich ein, dass er vom Monarchen nicht mehr ausreichend unterstützt wurde, und bat um seine Entlassung, welchem Wunsch Karl X. am 3. Januar 1828 willfahrte. Das neue Kabinett stand unter der obersten Leitung von Martignac. Der bleibende Verdienst Villèles war die langfristige Sanierung der französischen Finanzen.

Späteres Leben und Tod
Zusammen mit Corbière und Peyronnet wurde Villèle am 3. Januar 1828 zum Pair ernannt, entsagte aber dem politischen Leben. Als etwa Georges Humann ihm im Namen der Deputierten des Zentrums, die Revolutionswirren vermeiden wollten, am 31. März 1830 den Vorschlag machte, anstelle Polignacs wieder an die Spitze der Regierung zu treten, lehnte Villèle ab. Trotzdem übte er noch einigen Einfluss aus, da viele Abgeordnete seinen Rat und seine Unterstützung suchten.

Im Juli 1830 zog sich Villèle ins Privatleben nach Toulouse zurück. Dort lebte er, ohne noch aktiven Anteil an den öffentlichen Angelegenheiten zu nehmen. Nur 1839 verfasste er in der Gazette de France einige bemerkenswerte Artikel über das allgemeine Wahlrecht und die Finanzlage. Er starb am 13. März 1854 knapp 81-jährig in seinem in der Rue Vélane gelegenen Toulouser Stadthaus. Sein Leichenbegängnis fand in der Kathedrale Saint-Étienne statt. Seine letzte Ruhestätte fand er in der Kapelle des Schlosses von Mourvilles.

Seine Memoiren hatte Villèle bis zum Jahr 1816 niedergeschrieben. Sie wurden von seiner Familie anhand seiner Korrespondenz vervollständigt und als Mémoires et correspondance de Villèle (5 Bände, Paris 1887–1890) herausgegeben.

Literatur
Villèle (Jean-Baptiste-Séraphin-Joseph). In: Louis-Gabriel Michaud (Hrsg.) : Biographie universelle, 2. Auflage, Bd. 43, S. 453–461.
Villèle, Jean Baptiste Guillaume Marie Anne Séraphin, in: Encyclopædia Britannica, 11. Auflage, Bd. 28 (1911), S. 79f.

Anmerkungen

Finanzminister (Frankreich)
Mitglied der Pairskammer (Restauration)
Ritter des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies
Ritter des Ordens vom Heiligen Geist
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Offizier)
Franzose
Geboren 1773
Gestorben 1854
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The former Destiny's Child member also defends Simon Cowell's accusations that she's "horny": "I'm just curious!"
Ray Mickshaw / FOX
When Tonight Show host JayLeno asked Simon Cowell to describe fellow X Factor judgeKelly Rowland in one word, he didn't hesitate to call her "horny."
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One day before the season three premiere of the Fox singing competition, Rowland didn't exactly disagree with the salty Brit's assessment.
"Oh, trust me honey — when it comes to the bodies and the faces, I like to put everything together. You know, 'Under that shirt it looks like there is something there — can you please show us?' I'm just curious! I just want to see what's there," Rowland told The Hollywood Reporter. "Of course, I keep it on the panel and they are on the stage and I keep it very professional, but a girl is curious. Why not? The rest of the world is. So I just want to show the rest of the world what I'm seeing too."
PHOTOS: 'X Factor' Season 3 Premiere Hits Hollywood
In all seriousness, Rowland said that she knows there is a job to do. And if a contestant thinks they can skate by on just their looks, they are in for a rude awakening.
"Simon picked me because I'm smart, and I'm definitely up for the job," she said. "I actually turned somebody down because they had a wonderful look and they sounded awful. I'm not going to do that to myself and my integrity and I am not going to do that to the rest of the world. It's more than that…I don't cut any corners."
On a conference call with reporters, Rowland didn't hesitate to name-check who she said has the most talent — surpassing both season one and two's offerings. Among the artists Rowland believes America will fall in love with is Lillie McLoud ("incredible," said Rowland,) group act Restless Road, and rumored standout Josh Levi.
Even better: there will be no L.A. Reid-type tantrums over the group categories this season, as each mentor — including Paulina Rubio and Demi Lovato — is happy said to be pleased with their assignments.
"The truth is, all of the categories are super strong and I am so happy for all of us because we are all happy with our categories, and we are all very passionate about our categories, too," said Rowland, who is rumored to be overseeing the [spoiler] category. "It's going to be an incredible year. I think America is going to be surprised at how much talent we have in each group."
STORY: 'X Factor' Shake-Up: Inside the Series' New Format
When describing her judging style, Rowland (who famously put together the successful girl group Little Mix on X Factor UK) said she is "firm..but honest."
"I remember coming up in the music industry and I ran into people who had some harsh things to say, but I grew more from people who were more constructive and gave details about how I could grow," she said. "I paid more attention to those people and want to apply it to the way that I am a judge. It's about seeing people grow and become something wonderful."
As for advice for contestants seeking a career in a reality show setting, Rowland cautions that singers should "make sure they are doing it for the right reasons."
"Nowadays fame and television makes everything look so glamorous. What I do admire about the contestants on the show is these contestants have a week to be prepared, to be ready for interviews, to be camera ready, to get a makeover, to know songs, placement on the stage and dance steps," she said. "That's a lot. And people are watching you each week. You are pushed a little bit faster to grow. You either rise to the occasion or you fall. Sometimes they fall because they didn't believe in themselves enough."
As for Cowell's newest journey into fatherhood, Rowland is confident that he will be "a pretty cool dad."
"He has guided so many people into their careers and he's like a father figure for several groups that he put together and it's going to be a breeze for him," she said.
Asked to describe her fellow judges, Rowland said Rubio is "adorable and witty, and so beautiful"; Lovato makes "you fall in love with her immediately..she's passionate and has such a beautiful heart and I love the way she leaves the contestants with something hopeful they can hold onto"; and Cowell is "very smart, and I trust him."
"But this isn't about the judges, this is about talent," she said. "And finding great talent, as well."
Still, she couldn't help but take one dig at Cowell and his role as the lone male on the panel.
"It is the year of the woman. Women rule and the men are just less there," she said. "You have Simon looking like a sad puppy dog with three women on the panel. It's just sad. It's hilarious, actually."
Either way, the Destiny's Child star is ready for the season to get going.
"I'm so excited about my new job," she gushed.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Perl CGI->Vars() not properly hashing cgi parameters I am trying to use MySQL, Perl and JS to make a simple registration form for my website.  The Perl script works fine when given parameters directly via cmdline or via the URL and the MySQL properly registers the user.  The issue is with the JS; when I sent the data via a JSON post the Perl script receives the post and attempts to create a hash of the parameters given via the code:
%params = $cgh->Vars()
However, this doesn't properly split the parameters and assign them to individual keys.  Instead, the Perl script creates a hash that looks like this:
%params data
$VAR1 = 'POSTDATA';
$VAR2 = 'action=register&uname=d&pass=d&first=d&last=d&email=anemail@themailplace.com&phone=d';

I suspect that the JS needs to change how it is submitting the data and not the way the Perl script is accepting the data. In any case, here is the JS:
$(document).ready(function(){
    $("form#register-form").submit(function() { // register-form is submitted
        var username = $('#username').attr('value'); // get username
        var password = $('#password').attr('value'); // get password
        var repassword = $('#repassword').attr('value'); // get password
        var firstName = $('#firstName').attr('value'); // get password
        var lastName = $('#lastName').attr('value'); // get password
        var email = $('#email').attr('value'); // get password
        var phone = $('#phone').attr('value'); // get password

        if (username && password && repassword && firstName && lastName && email && phone) { // values are not empty
            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: "/cgi/login.pl", // URL of the Perl script
                contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                dataType: "json",
                // send username and password as parameters to the Perl script
                data: "action=register" + "&uname=" + username + "&pass=" + password + "&first=" + firstName + "&last=" + lastName
                    + "&email=" + email + "&phone=" + phone,
                // script call was *not* successful
                error: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
                    $('div#register-result').text("responseText: " + XMLHttpRequest.responseText
                        + ", textStatus: " + textStatus
                        + ", errorThrown: " + errorThrown);
                    $('div#register-result').addClass("error");
                }, // error
                // script call was successful
                // data contains the JSON values returned by the Perl script
                success: function(data){
                    if (data.error) { // script returned error
                        $('div#register-result').text("data.error: " + data.error);
                        $('div#register-result').addClass("error");
                        } // if
                    else { // login was successful
                        $('form#register-form').hide();
//                        $('div#register-result').text("data.success: " + data.success + ", data.userid: " + data.userid);
//                        $('div#register-result').addClass("success");
                    } //else
                } // success
            }); // ajax
        } // if
        else {
            $('div#register-result').text("enter username and password");
            $('div#register-result').addClass("error");
        } // else
//    $('div#register-result').fadeIn();
    return false;
    });
});

Unless relevant to the issue, please ignore the fact that I do next to no checks on the info submitted by the form.  Let me know if you require any more information.  Thank you in advanced.

A: You are not sending JSON to server so using contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", will over ride default 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
Using the default, server script deals with the key/value pairs as it would for any other form submission

A: Per the CGI documentation:

If POSTed data is not of type application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data, then the POSTed data will not be processed, but instead be returned as-is in a parameter named POSTDATA.

So remove your content type specification and allow jQuery to use its default application/x-www-form-urlencoded.  (multipart/form-data is used for form data that includes file uploads.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you love using spreadsheets to track things like your editorial calendar, project management and more, you'll love Airtable. Today I'm sharing how to use Airtable to keep track of everything.
Airtable is a spreadsheet-type application that has SO much more to offer than a basic spreadsheet. It literally can be customized to fit any needs. It's not difficult to use and has a really great free version that can get anyone started. Each spreadsheet is called a 'Base' and each row is referred to as a 'Record'.
Personally, I use Airtable to keep track of quite a few business-related things. I plan on expanding my Airtable use in the near future, but here's what I'm currently tracking with Airtable. I keep each of my blogs and their base's in separate workspaces. You can literally have unlimited workspaces, which makes my life so much easier and organized. In each blog's workspace, I have bases for my blog post keyword planner, a social media calendar and an email calendar. Again, this will expand soon, but for now, that's how it's looking.
In the blog post keyword planner, I keep track of each blog post, it's target keyword, a meta description, an image description, it's call to action & related posts. I keep track of my actual editorial calendar in Asana, so this is just for tracking keyword stuff.
In the social media calendar, I have separate tables for each network, and then one at the end to keep track of the posts I want to share from other people and their relevant links. I'm able to create 'categories' for each post on each day (for example: "quote", "this week's blogpost", "old blogpost", etc.). Then, I can just write a bunch of posts at once and then schedule them at my convenience.
Lastly, in my email calendar, I track both emails to be sent and the email opt-ins I'm creating. For the emails being sent, I make a note of what list it should be sent to and when. For opt in's, I list each blog post and determine if that blog post will include an opt-in. If it does, I then make sure to indicate which list/tag the opt-in should add the reader to.
Airtable can literally be used however you want. You can deeply customize it, especially if you're a premium member. They also have a huge library of templates, which I'll include some of my favorites here. You can also find templates from other users too!
You could create a base to track all your financial information. This template is pretty awesome. It allows you to track every account and all of each accounts spending and information. If you need a budget and can't seem to find anything that helps, give this a try.
If you're a project manager or just someone who needs to track some projects, give the project tracker base a try. You can track each overall project and all of the tasks associated with it. This base really highlights being able to link to other tables while in the same base.
I'm definitely using the event planning base for my next party or event. Keep track of the schedule, location(s), sponsors, speakers, events, etc. all in one place! The possibilities with Airtable truly are endless.
Have you ever used Airtable?


Why Do Martial Arts Dojo Use Japanese Terms, etc.?
Well, it makes them feel good, it makes them feel like they are a part of something greater than themselves, and it also makes them feel connected to the mystical, exotic and more interesting culture and life then what they live in already. These and other reasons drive practitioners into the use of Japanese terms, characters and ideograms.
What those terms actually do for us when properly translated and defined is provides us with a bit more insight as to the what, when, where, how and why of these interesting teachings from their culture and beliefs on martial arts. Granted, most terms are not translated correctly but with the advent of translations sites from the vasti-ness of the Internet Verse or Cortex, for you firefly friends, that ability to correctly translate simple terms increased ten-fold.
Terms are limited in use yet one of the benefits is that when translated we often find, as a direct opposite to English terms and words, the term, character and ideogram have "Several different" translations and meanings.
The characters/ideograms mean "one mind; wholeheartedness; one's whole heart." The first character means, "one," the second character means, "heart; mind; spirit."
Note: I remember that most never truly understood who, why and how the term, "Wholeheartedly," became a part of the system practiced until someone pointed out the various definitions from the use of Japanese characters/ideograms, etc.
When you look at the group of defined English translations you will see, and as it is taught in the actual dojo that uses this term, that it deals with "Heart and Mind and Spirit" where further definitions and meanings can and do come from how practitioners interpret, perceive and gain perspective on from the study of the system and the martial discipline.
Yet, using them in the dojo, verbally, such as counting repetitions, etc. is more an ego self-soothing pride boosting and associative need from survival instinctual meaning not often conscious to the individual type thing.
I remember once a very prominent Koryu Practitioner said, "When I left Japan my Sensei told me that I should teach in America as I would for Americans, the teachings in Japan are for Japanese (and of course visiting guest students like this practitioner)." Now, I don't have that quote exact but the meaning in his post/article was that one should use the cultural etiquettes of the Dojo and Sensei and Country/Culture/Beliefs where you train but when you go to another then train, practice and apply your knowledge and experience to that Dojo, Sensei (if not you), Country, Cultural belief system and that means using here English, American style clothing to train in, and so on.
Then there is the conception of learning from the proverbial, "First Generation Students" of the masters from which they learned their martial arts but in reality, as to my experiences and research only, they were not exposed to those cultural beliefs as they pertain to marital arts and they were actually exposed to the more watered-down educational sport oriented forms of martial arts.
Except for the very few who truly were exposed, over long periods of time that span decades "In-country" practicing what we understand as "Koryu," to traditional martial disciplines practically none of the modern martial artists were ever exposed to and trained in that more traditional martial disciplines.
Is Kata Training for Self-Defense?
A person once stated that Okinawan's didn't practice contact practice like kumite because it "Eschewed the concept because their techniques were too potentially lethal." I get this itchy feeling whenever I hear someone spout the deadly applications of karate. Granted, at one time long, long ago - historically speaking of the early 1600's - the techniques applied as Ti or Toudi may have been devastating but as to deadly I perceive that as more a result of gravity or weapons over Te (karate as it is called today).
In the early years as karate was introduced in this country it was almost exclusively about kicking and striking. Seldom was any other, regarding karate in a strict sense, methodology referenced toward self-defense. Mostly, it was about competitive aspects and we all know that competitive aspects has nothing to do with self-defense, fighting or combatives of the empty hand, i.e., hand-to-hand, kind.
Personally, as I have come to understand, karate as to striking and kicking has its human limits governed by survival of the tribe and the human instinct to communicate through violence, when necessary, in a way that is guaranteed to prevent grave bodily harm or death, i.e., those proverbial potentially lethal applications.
Striking and kicking are about getting what you want and enforcing rules that often govern human interactions be they in a family environment or a more tribal societal family like environment. It was not meant to be a deadly lethal system. I repeat, karate in its bare educational sport oriented form, was not meant to be a deadly lethal system.
If you goal is to cause grave bodily harm or death then your best bet is to get a weapon and apply it with a killer mind-set/mind-state because unless you accidentally cause an adversary to fall where gravity kills them karate ain't going to get the job done. Violence, except in rare cases predation violence, seldom results in grave bodily harm and/or death (here agin is where accidents happen). As one source indicated, it is about communications.
Bunkai, Henka, Ouyou-bunkai, Omote-Ura and Embusen are being touted as the way of self-defense but in reality those training paths are about learning concepts and principles but fall way short of providing the kind of defensive goals one needs in conflict and violence. They are paths a novice needs to open the conepts up for interpretation and understanding but are NOT about defense against violence of a predatory nature.
This brings me down to self-defense. SD is about avoidance, avoiding the socially emotionally driven monkey dances almost all humans, especially males, endure from their testerone overloaded youthful interactions that don't often end in grave bodily harm and/or levels of lethal force that would end in death. This comprises what I would say is about 98% of modern violence. I would also say that 98% of martial arts in modern times is about sport competition rather than self-defense. I would go a bit further to say that the teachings of modern martial arts is about 98% ineffective in real self-defense, i.e., a predatory resource/process situation. I would say that for 98% of martial artists who believe they know self-defense that only about 2% of those will ever deal with a predatory resource/process type assault. I will go even further to say that 98% of martial artists who believe they know self-defense that only about 2% of those actually know and understand the full comprehensive understanding of self-defense.
I will also say that 98% of all martial artist who believe they know self-defense have no experience nor have they received training from anyone with experience in self-defense, fighting and combatives. Lets add one more, 98% of all bunkai taught as being applicable self-defense, fighting and combatives is not valid, i.e., they won't or don't work in self-defense, fighting and/or combative situations.
Kata is not training self-defense. Kumite is not training in self-defense. Sport competitive participation is not self-defense. Bunkai do not teach self-defense techniques. Martial arts self-defense models do not teach self-defense that works.
I could go on but I sense that it may be overkill. Karate, all martial arts, have benefits and are beneficial to all who partake of its studies but as to kata or other distinct parts they are not the means to achieve proficient ability in fighting, combatives or self-defense (especially SD).
Note: Such terms used in a teaching model like bunkai, henka, ouyou, omote/ura and embusen are just excuses to tell ourselves we are actually learning a combative fighting defense system. Yes, they have purpose but in the end they are just ways to describe things so the initiate can achieve greater understanding toward actual hands-on ability to fight, defend and apply combatives in a violent way.
Note II: Being traditional or classic or even modern does not equate to ability in the fight. It may get you started but it won't take you the entire way. This stuff has been a bane of discussion since the first moment the caveman lifted a piece of tree to club an attacking beast over the head for protection.
What are the differences between Okinawan karate and Japanese Karate?
"Okinawan Karate Vs. Japanese Karate. The differences and why … " is the original question asked by Charles B. Stanley on the Ryukyu MA Research and Discussion Facebook group. It inspired this article.
These are my thoughts and mine alone. If you wish to see the research behind it simply review my bibliography but understand that those contributed to my personal feelings in this article.
First, understand the differences between the cultures because that is the very essence in the differences between Okinawa and Japan. In a nutshell the Okinawan culture is similar to Japanese only in the sense they both sought out and absorbed what they felt was beneficial to them from all the surrounding cultures over their history. You can say that the Chinese influences were one of the greatest for both but more so for Okinawa as can be understood by the study of Okinawan history.
Second, what was absorbed by each differed. In general the Okinawans although part of their culture involved militaristic philosophies and disciplines that took a back seat to other more socially and philosophically and peaceful oriented cultural influences. In general the Japanese focuses heavily on their militaristic oriented (think of bushido and samurai here) influences of which the concept of "Shikata" dominate even today.
Third, when I look at Japanese culture in martial arts vs. Okinawan culture in martial arts - at least in what was taught late 1950's and onward - I see differences such as Okinawans using sparring/fighting contests vs. an almost exclusive use of kata, forms that come from the shikata concepts in their society, as a means of learning how to defend, fight and apply combatives. There was also a much higher military like discipline in the practice hall in Japan vs. Okinawa where a very relaxed family like atmosphere existed. This will be hard to prove historically as well as disprove ergo why it is my theory, view and belief.
The differences have become harder to perceive simply because of the concerted effort by Okinawa to have their martial arts accepted and approved by the Japanese budo-like societies/organizations. Remember that the Japanese orgs changed drastically after the war ended simply because of requirements made by American leadership as a requirement/part of the surrender agreements.
As to teaching a modified version to the Japanese I think that was a result of the Okinawan need and effort to gain acceptance and approval, nothing more and nothing less. It seems less about what was taught then how it was taught. The focus on kata become dominant vs. applying it in a fight contest and so on. As I stated earlier on in this thread the educational version effected both cultures and since it was driven by strong suggestions from the Japanese government both instances, Japan's schools and Okinawan schools, the end result was pretty much the same except I would expect the Okinawan teachers to have a certain Okinawan flavor of an influence on their own. This also leads to the possibility that no matter what when said and done the end result was a more homogenous version of karate that encompassed the needs, wants and requirements of both societies making its cultural essence a mixture over either one being a dominant influence. Remember, both Japan and Okinawa have a history of absorbing what they wanted and needed into their way and that way differs between Japan and Okinawa only in general ways as far as I can tell.
In the end, it is not actually a matter of Japan vs. Okinawan karate but the study of the actual fundamental principles of those varying disciplines because in truth that is the real connection between them that levels the playing field. Principles actually transcend any societal cultural belief system since they are all the same since all human physiques, etc., are kind of identical, i.e., we all have blood, we all breathe, we all have a skeletal system and we all have muscular systems, etc. that need alignment, structure, etc. in order to work and in karate apply force and power to achieve our goals in self-defense.
Innovative Practice, when can it be acceptable vs. detrimental?
"At what point is innovation (in regard to the practice of karate) acceptable and when does it become detrimental?" asked by Kyle Pjd on Ryukyu Martial Arts research and discussion Facebook group.
First, an excellent question if I do say so myself. The answer I would give is, "It depends." It does depend on a variety of factors and one critical factor is the practitioner, the individual learning and practicing. I can only say, from my perspective; my perception; my experiences as limited as they are, etc.
Third, to achieve this level both the deshi and the sensei must understand concepts such as "Shu-ha-ri and Shin-gi-tai." I don't need to go into this here because there are others more qualified who have published excellent literature on the subject such as Sensei Michael Clarke of Shinseidokan Dojo of Australia. I will say that most practitioners achieve a solid understanding of the "Shu" levels but rarely go beyond into the "ha-ri" levels.
1. Go-dan levels in a perfect world (it doesn't exist but it is a good gaol to set).
2. A certain level of maturity that in my opinion cannot be achieved until one reaches the age of fifty years.
3. A level of symbiotic mentoring with others that also relates to age as in mentoring age, i.e., about twenty years as a mentor (not to be compared to the age of the individual as indicated in no. 2.
This is the bare minimum and only when one achieves some level of understanding, knowledge and expertise here and through continued studies will they reach a level that allows them to be innovative. It is also important that they reach a level where they can perceive and determine what is innovative and what is simply change for change sake. Too many have simply made cosmetic changes to their practice so they can self-promote and create a "New System" so they can be masters with all that entails from a strictly commercial standpoint.
As can now be seen herein to achieve a level that allows for innovative change is also a very complex model that is often too complex to explain fully and completely in an article or comment but you can at least see through this effort that it is not a simple nor easy answer and to actually achieve it is rare indeed. Asking the question is a good start but only a start for the road is long, treacherous but achievable to at least a few.


Corey Belanger: Purveyor of fine spirits, spirit…hope and goodwill.
By Councilor Belanger: Thank you Mr. Vice Mayor [Councilor Leahy was in the Chair]. I think this is a great motion. And to get to Mayor Elliott's points, that Lowell, we've always been a city of immigrants. That is our foundation. We have many nationalities here. I visited many of the schools and it's encouraging to see how diverse we really, really are, all the way to a young age.
But we got a problem that's serious and it's going to get far worse, of refugees, undocumented or illegal aliens, which ever term you choose to use, are pegged for Lowell. We are on that list. Many of which are unskilled and uneducated. And they're on their way.
Jeez Rodney, Could you make a hat less cool? I'm not asking you to go flat billed-sticker on, but can we at least get a little commitment in the bend? You look like a sixth round draft pick out of Saskatoon. I don't think we're asking too much here. The Folk Fest is only the biggest event on the City Calendar. Loosen up, bruh! Send the Super Mayor costume to the dry cleaners for a couple days, tip a couple wine coolers, and let the citizens know this event is actually going to be fun.
PS. Are you serious with that weak sauce knot? Strong Mayors go nothing less than double Windsor. It's in the charter, bub!
Double PS. Belanger looks like he just wrapped up four loops of Golden Tee.
Triple PS. Who's taking this picture? Is it possible to take a picture this bad with today's technology?


Test and evaluate your knowledge by labelling the diagram provided in the shortest possible time, and with the fewest possible errors. The final evaluation takes into account both the time taken to do the quiz and the number of tries made in finishing the test.
Click on the multiple choice boxes to obtain a list of choices of labels, then select the best among these choices.
The final evaluation takes into account both the time taken to do the quiz and the number of tries made in finishing the test.
To be able to recognize and locate anatomical structures involved in the digestive process.


text:
require 'albacore/support/updateattributes'

module NCover
  class ReportFilterBase
    include UpdateAttributes

    attr_accessor :filter, :filter_type, :item_type, :is_regex

    def initialize(item_type, params={})
      @filter = ""
      @item_type = item_type
      @is_regex = false
      @filter_type = :exclude
      update_attributes(params) unless params.nil?
      super()
    end

    def get_filter_options
      filter = "\"#{@filter}\""
      filter << ":#{@item_type}"
      filter << ":#{@is_regex}"
      filter << ":#{(@filter_type == :include)}"
      filter
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What is a crisis? Have you ever experienced a crisis in your professional life? The noun crisis comes from the Latinized form of the Greek word krisis, meaning "turning point, a critical moment." In this program, a Chief Operating Officer guides participants through a true story of leading through a major crisis while acting ethically, maintaining personal integrity, and doing the right thing for shareholders AND stakeholders.


WT?... I'm presenting at KSCOPE13!
ODTUG has partnered with Rittman Mead Consulting to offer a business intelligence Master Class series in India this October. This event is geared towards business intelligence developers, architects, and managers in the region.
It's that time of year again; time to vote for the ODTUG Hyperion SIG Board. The election calls for three (3) members for the 2013-2014 Board of Directors.
The reviews are in and Kscope13 was the best Kscope yet! This year's conference was packed with more than 300 sessions and countless networking opportunities for attendees.


text:
The second of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: V Gran Premio Extraordinario de Eva Duarte Perón) was a Formula Libre Grand Prix motor race that took place on February 25, 1951, at the Costanero Norte street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Classification

References

Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)
Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)
Buenos Aires Grand Prix


The company said it will now begin immediate negotiations with trade unions.
LUFTHANSA TECHNIK AIRMOTIVE Ireland (LTAI) today announced it is to start a process "to consider closing the company".
The firm has a jet engine overhaul facility at Rathcoole in Dublin which employs 400 people. Today Lufthansa said it will consult with employee representatives and begin immediate negotiations with trade unions.
This decision follows an "extensive review of operations", the company said, in the context of "declining revenues and shrinking international market opportunities".
Commenting on the announcement, Managing Director of LTAI Wolfgang Mörig praised the workforce for their contributions over the years and expressed "regret" that the company is now at this point.
He noted "the increased quality and efficiency of the new generations of aircraft engines, with reduced need for overhaul".
Workers were informed of the company's decision today and UNITE regional officer Willie Quigley told TheJournal.ie that "you could hear a pin drop".
I'm sure there was absolute horror and devastation in the families when they heard. A lot of them have young kids and kids in college and Christmas is just five or six weeks away.
The union represents more than 200 of the workers in the plant and Quigley said representatives will be looking at "every potential alternative" to closure.
"If all that fails, we've no other choice than to get the best possible redundancy deal and secure pensions, but right now we'll be trying to get the company to look at alternatives to keep it as it is, even with reduced numbers," he said.
A council with representatives of all three unions involved will hold a meeting on Monday morning and they will then meet with management in the afternoon to start negotiations.
Lufthansa Technik took a 60 per cent shareholding of Airmotive Ireland, which was set up by Airlingus, in 1997. It took full ownership in 1999.


In spite of what advertisers and "experts" would have you believe, all bleaching products utilize the same active agent – peroxide. The difference between products is the concentration of peroxide. Over the counter products (Crest White Strips) are limited by law to a lesser concentration than the products used under a dentist's supervision.
When used as directed, bleaching is safe and not harmful to enamel. Some people can experience discomfort if there is dentin (the softer, yellow, "live" part of your tooth) exposed at the gumline. These areas need to be covered during bleaching to prevent sensitivity.
Over the Counter Products - these are inexpensive and can be quite effective when used properly.
Office Bleaching – we use the Iveri Whitening System, which utilizes a soft, flexible mouthpiece loaded with bleaching gel. It takes 15 minutes, during which time a powerful light is focused on the upper and lower teeth. This costs $100 and can generally be done at the time of a routine cleaning appointment.
The last bleaching option involves thin, flexible upper and lower mouthpieces that are used at home. This involves an upper and lower impression and lab fabrication of the mouthpieces from stone models. We use Iveri bleaching gel that is given to patients along with the mouthpieces. This costs $350 and is the most effective type of bleaching. Also, the mouthpieces can be retained by patients and reused from time to time. We charge $25 for a bleaching gel refill.
Bleaching is NOT permanent. Teeth will return to their original shade over time and require re-treatment periodically. If you are interested in bleaching, please call for a cleaning and exam and we will be happy to consult with you regarding bleaching.


text:
// Copyright 1998-2015 Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

#pragma once

/**
 * Mac implementation of an Http request
 */
class FMacHttpRequest : public IHttpRequest
{
private:
	// This is the NSMutableURLRequest, all our Mac functionality will deal with this.
	NSMutableURLRequest* Request;

	// This is the connection our request is sent along.
	NSURLConnection* Connection;

public:
	// implementation friends
	friend class FMacHttpResponse;

	// Begin IHttpBase interface
	virtual FString GetURL() override;
	virtual FString GetURLParameter(const FString& ParameterName) override;
	virtual FString GetHeader(const FString& HeaderName) override;
	virtual TArray<FString> GetAllHeaders() override;
	virtual FString GetContentType() override;
	virtual int32 GetContentLength() override;
	virtual const TArray<uint8>& GetContent() override;
	// End IHttpBase interface

	// Begin IHttpRequest interface
	virtual FString GetVerb() override;
	virtual void SetVerb(const FString& Verb) override;
	virtual void SetURL(const FString& URL) override;
	virtual void SetContent(const TArray<uint8>& ContentPayload) override;
	virtual void SetContentAsString(const FString& ContentString) override;
	virtual void SetHeader(const FString& HeaderName, const FString& HeaderValue) override;
	virtual bool ProcessRequest() override;
	virtual FHttpRequestCompleteDelegate& OnProcessRequestComplete() override;
	virtual FHttpRequestProgressDelegate& OnRequestProgress() override;
	virtual void CancelRequest() override;
	virtual EHttpRequestStatus::Type GetStatus() override;
	virtual const FHttpResponsePtr GetResponse() const override;
	virtual void Tick(float DeltaSeconds) override;
	virtual float GetElapsedTime() override;
	// End IHttpRequest interface

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 */
	FMacHttpRequest();

	/**
	 * Destructor. Clean up any connection/request handles
	 */
	virtual ~FMacHttpRequest();

private:

	/**
	 * Create the session connection and initiate the web request
	 *
	 * @return true if the request was started
	 */
	bool StartRequest();

	/**
	 * Process state for a finished request that no longer needs to be ticked
	 * Calls the completion delegate
	 */
	void FinishedRequest();

	/**
	 * Close session/request handles and unregister callbacks
	 */
	void CleanupRequest();

private:
	/** The response object which we will use to pair with this request */
	TSharedPtr<class FMacHttpResponse,ESPMode::ThreadSafe> Response;

	/** BYTE array payload to use with the request. Typically for a POST */
	TArray<uint8> RequestPayload;

	/** Delegate that will get called once request completes or on any error */
	FHttpRequestCompleteDelegate RequestCompleteDelegate;

	/** Delegate that will get called once per tick with bytes downloaded so far */
	FHttpRequestProgressDelegate RequestProgressDelegate;

	/** Current status of request being processed */
	EHttpRequestStatus::Type CompletionStatus;

	/** Number of bytes sent to progress update */
	int32 ProgressBytesSent;

	/** Start of the request */
	double StartRequestTime;

	/** Time taken to complete/cancel the request. */
	float ElapsedTime;
};

/**
 * Mac Response Wrapper which will be used for it's delegates to receive responses.
 */
@interface FHttpResponseMacWrapper : NSObject
{
	/** Holds the payload as we receive it. */
	TArray<uint8> Payload;
}
/** A handle for the response */
@property(retain) NSHTTPURLResponse* Response;
/** Flag whether the response is ready */
@property BOOL bIsReady;
/** When the response is complete, indicates whether the response was received without error. */
@property BOOL bHadError;
/** The total number of bytes written out during the request/response */
@property int32 BytesWritten;

/** Delegate called when we send data. See Mac docs for when/how this should be used. */
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didSendBodyData:(NSInteger)bytesWritten totalBytesWritten:(NSInteger)totalBytesWritten totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(NSInteger)totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
/** Delegate called with we receive a response. See Mac docs for when/how this should be used. */
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response;
/** Delegate called with we receive data. See Mac docs for when/how this should be used. */
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;
/** Delegate called with we complete with an error. See Mac docs for when/how this should be used. */
-(void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;
/** Delegate called with we complete successfully. See Mac docs for when/how this should be used. */
-(void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;

- (TArray<uint8>&)getPayload;
- (int32)getBytesWritten;
@end

/**
 * Mac implementation of an Http response
 */
class FMacHttpResponse : public IHttpResponse
{
private:
	// This is the NSHTTPURLResponse, all our functionality will deal with.
	FHttpResponseMacWrapper* ResponseWrapper;

	/** Request that owns this response */
	const FMacHttpRequest& Request;

public:
	// implementation friends
	friend class FMacHttpRequest;

	// Begin IHttpBase interface
	virtual FString GetURL() override;
	virtual FString GetURLParameter(const FString& ParameterName) override;
	virtual FString GetHeader(const FString& HeaderName) override;
	virtual TArray<FString> GetAllHeaders() override;
	virtual FString GetContentType() override;
	virtual int32 GetContentLength() override;
	virtual const TArray<uint8>& GetContent() override;
	// End IHttpBase interface

	// Begin IHttpResponse interface
	virtual int32 GetResponseCode() override;
	virtual FString GetContentAsString() override;
	// End IHttpResponse interface

	NSHTTPURLResponse* GetResponseObj();

	/**
	 * Check whether a response is ready or not.
	 */
	bool IsReady();

	/**
	 * Check whether a response had an error.
	 */
	bool HadError();

	/**
	 * Get the number of bytes received so far
	 */
	const int32 GetNumBytesReceived() const;

	/**
	* Get the number of bytes sent so far
	*/
	const int32 GetNumBytesWritten() const;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 *
	 * @param InRequest - original request that created this response
	 */
	FMacHttpResponse(const FMacHttpRequest& InRequest);

	/**
	 * Destructor
	 */
	virtual ~FMacHttpResponse();

private:

	/** BYTE array to fill in as the response is read via didReceiveData */
	TArray<uint8> Payload;
};


since two days I'm working with Log4j 2 . I try to migrate from Log4J. I'm using it in an Eclipse application. I put the necessary jars of the binary distribution into a basic plugin and a log4j2.xml into the root. This worked well so far. Now I tried to add a custom appender to log4j. The class is in the default source package of the Eclipse plugin. Annotations are set like in the homepage documentation.
In the first try I tried to provide the package of the Appender via the log4j2.xml. I set the attribute package in the configuration element. It seemed to me, the attribute is completely ignored? At least the class from the given package was not loaded.
In the second try I tried to provide the package via the static method '...log4j.core.config.plugin.PluginManager.addPackage'. I debugged the method to get a hint why it didn't work. It tried to transform my package 'com.application.logging' into a URI 'com/application/logging' and started to search with it somehow. It might have found them treating them as file, as the classes were lying in a subdirectory. But as there was no file scheme in the beginning of the URI, it searched a not existing jar.
The XML parser of the configuration can't resolve the name of my appender in the end.
Do you have an idea then I do anything wrong, or then there is an open issue? I can provide more details on request. Is there a programmatical way to register my appender to Log4J 2 before the Logger initialization?


The City of Seattle granted a permit to United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) in fall 2018 to pilot test a new e-bike parcel delivery system in the Pioneer Square/Belltown area for one year. The Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) commissioned the Urban Freight Lab (UFL) to quantify and document the public impacts of this multimodal delivery system change in the final 50 feet of supply chains, to provide data and evidence for development of future urban freight policies.
What are the total changes in VMT and emissions (PM and GHG) to all three affected cargo van routes due to the e-bike pilot test in the Pike Place Market and neighboring areas?
What is the change in the delivery van's dwell time, e.g. the amount of time the van is parked, before and after introducing the e-bike?
How does the e-bike system affect UPS' failed first delivery (FFD) attempt rate along the route?
If UPS begins to stage drop boxes along the route for the e-bike (instead of having to replenish from the parked trailer) what are the impacts to total VMT and emissions?
How do e-bike delivery operations impact pedestrian, other bike, and motor traffic?


at the historic home "Etowah" at 4511 Bay Shore Road.
of grassroots preservation support, this architecturally and historically significant home has been embraced by the local preservation and design communities and is not to be missed.
Proceeds for this limited-time event benefit the historic preservation mission of the Sarasota Alliance for Historic Preservation (SAHP).
Tickets MUST be purchased through Eventbrite (below) for this limited-time opportunity. No SAHP sales at the door.
From the Etowah Showhouse, ticket holders are invited to tour the beautifully restored 1926 Benjamin F. McCall home and its two cottages located nearby at 2445 Alameda Avenue from 11 am to 2 pm. In addition to the McCall home's distinctive architecture the gardens are Florida Friendly with 80 labeled plants. Landscape architect Martha Horton, a former Alliance board member will be on hand to discuss the plantings with visitors.
the day accompanied by your SAHP/Eventbrite ticket.
Purchase tickets early, this event will FILL UP QUICKLY.
The Board of Directors of the Sarasota Alliance for Historic Preservation supports the preservation of all the historic resources on the city owned bay front land including the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall and former Selby Public Library, aka G.Wiz. If you would like to see these publicly owned buildings preserved let your Sarasota City Commissioners know. Contact them by email at commissioners@sarasotafl.gov or by phone at 941-954-4115. Please donate to the effort to preserve the original Selby Public Library/G.Wiz by selecting the DONATE button, located on the right sidebar, to help defray legal costs associated with appeals that have been filed opposing planning and development services staff's determination that the building is not historically or architecturally significant.
When I think of the Sarasota Bayfront, I think magic, and I'm not alone! Prehistoric Indian middens along Sarasota Bay attest to the draw of the water, as did the early settlers of today's Osprey, who so loved their deep connection with Little Sarasota Bay that they named their skiff Magic.
Our connection to the water has been demonstrated by many noteworthy waterfront buildings. Recently named one of the 10 best cities in the South by Southern Living magazine, Sarasota has strong ties to its coastal locations that are often reflected in the design and location of our buildings.
Because of our community's connection to the water, recent redevelopment plans for Sarasota's Bayfront have generated significant community conversations involving issues of access, recreation, safety and historic preservation.
Throughout the country, the recognition of the historic significance of 20th-century resources and the threat of changes in sea level have been identified as the two of the most important challenges facing our communities.
Both issues are a consideration for preserving the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall and the Gulf Coast Wonder and Imagination Zone, G.Wiz, known to many as the former Selby Library building.
No single answer exists, but the extensive removal of iconic structures from our waterfronts because of their vulnerable locations is a solution deemed unacceptable to many, including citizens, planners, architects and historic preservationists. Imagine Key West without the Ernest Hemingway home or Miami Beach without the Fontainebleau.
Construction of the Van Wezel was funded by a 1967 city bond referendum that was championed by one of Sarasota's most devoted arts patrons and thenmayor, David Cohen. City officials adopted a selection committee's recommendation to retain the services of Taliesin Associated Architects of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation to design the building.
A recent study by the Van Wezel Foundation concluded that the hall should be replaced, in part because of the difficulty of renovating it in compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency regulations.
If historically designated, the Van Wezel could be exempted from those requirements. Provisions in the regulations were developed to allow for the rehabilitation of historic structures that are vulnerable to threats from wind and water, in recognition of their community importance.
G. Wiz was designed as a county library in 1975 by Walter Netsche of Skidmore Owings and Merrill. Selby Library was meant as an iconic piece of architecture in a community known for its architecture.
The library building was adaptively reused to serve as G. Wiz in 2000. It can be adaptively reused again.
The importance of adaptive reuse to the vitality of our cities and the historic preservation movement spurred the creation of the "ReUrbanism" program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. ReUrbanism is built on the principle that building reuse encourages economic growth and stimulates vibrant communities.
Both buildings are outstanding examples of 20th-century civic architecture and are potentially eligible for state grants.
The board of directors of the Sarasota Alliance for Historic Preservation commends Sasaki Associates and members of The Bay for their tireless efforts to engage our community in the visioning process for the Bayfront.
We believe that incorporating these two historic buildings into their plans will enhance their final design and promote sustainability. Guest columnist Lorrie Muldowney is the president of the Sarasota Alliance for Historic Preservation, a nonprofit organization created to preserve and enhance our historic places.
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For years doctors have been uncertain what the optimal goal should be for patients with high blood pressure. The aim of course is to bring it down, but how far and how aggressively remained a mystery.
Researchers report that lowering blood pressure to 120 — instead of the current guideline of 140, or even higher for older people — could prevent more than 100,000 deaths a year in the United States alone.
The projections are based on earlier findings from the Sprint study, an analysis of more than 9,300 people age 50 and older that found that intensive blood pressure treatment could be lifesaving for adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
For this new analysis, in Circulation, scientists used data on a broad sampling of 2,185 men and women 50 or older at high risk for heart disease. They followed them from 1999 through 2011, tracking their blood pressure and their use of antihypertensive medicines. The researchers calculated that nationwide implementation of such treatment could result in 107,500 fewer deaths annually.
There are trade-offs — risks and side effects from drugs — and there were lingering questions about whether older patients needed somewhat higher blood pressure to push blood to the brain.
At any case, making positive lifestyle changes can help enhance your quality of life and reduce your risk of heart disease due to high blood pressure. Make changes that matter!


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The Highest Peak East of the Rockies Just Got a New Name
Harney Peak is getting a new namesake.
BluclotFlickr
A federal board's Thursday decision to rename Harney Peak to Black Elk Peak surprised South Dakota's governor, but vindicated activists who unsuccessfully argued to state officials last year that the peak shouldn't bear the name of a man whose soldiers killed Native Americans.
The decision by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names will cause "unnecessary expense and confusion," Gov. Dennis Daugaard said Thursday in a statement. The governor said he's heard little support for renaming the peak, which is South Dakota's tallest and stands in the Black Hills National Forest.
"I suspect very few people know the history of either Harney or Black Elk," Daugaard said in a statement.
Black Elk was a Lakota spiritual leader who died in the mid-20th century.
"He's definitely a very powerful visionary that is at least deserving of the peak's name," said Wayne Frederick, a representative on the tribal council of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe in southern South Dakota. "It's extremely uplifting."
Frederick said he was in a council meeting all day, and when he learned of the change, he passed his phone around to several representatives near him. "They were in disbelief," he said.
The federal board determined from the input received that Harney Peak was concerning to Native Americans in the area, said Lou Yost, the board's executive secretary for domestic names. The vote was 12 in favor, none against and one abstaining, he said.
"In this case, the board felt that the name was derogatory or offensive being that it was on a holy site of the Native Americans," Yost said, adding that the change applies to federal usage on new maps or other products.
Army Gen. William S. Harney's men massacred Native American women and children during a battle in September 1855, according to historic records.
Some people last year argued to the state's Board on Geographic Names that Harney Peak was offensive and should be changed, but the board decided against backing a new name. Members of Daugaard's administration opposed efforts to have the name changed, and state lawmakers eventually approved a law in 2016 that limited the board's autonomy.
Republican U.S. Sen. John Thune said in a statement that the federal board's "unilateral" decision is upsetting and "defies logic" since it goes against state officials' recommendations.
Basil Brave Heart, a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, proposed the change to Black Elk Peak. Brave Heart didn't answer a telephone call for comment Thursday.
"I don't want to see a peak that's named after someone that violated women and children," Brave Heart said in 2015. "Our people had to live under that icon, that man who did that to our people."
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