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Movement of electrons in atomic orbitals
Discussion in 'Chemistry' started by Muzaffar, Jul 1, 2013.
Muzaffar Registered Member
Thank you so much exchemist once again for doing your best. I've probably got a layout of the concept of particles as waves (thanks to your "light" example) but for now i think its better if i remember the basic concept of orbitals as "a region with a high probability of finding a an electron". Ill probably be studying QM sometime as well. I'm sure ill have a better idea of waves then. Ill be sure to look back to this essential thread as well. Thanks a lot
exchemist said: ↑
That is a question that is still argued over, among those interested in the philosophy of Quantum Theory. You get this with light of course. We can see light reflected, refracted and diffracted, and we know it has a wavelength and frequency, all of which are wave properties. But it seems it can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete units (which we call photons) and it can exert pressure on a surface on which it falls, which is particle-like behaviour. With beams of electrons and other particles of matter, we find we can also get diffraction effects (interference fringes for example). Which is wavelike behaviour! The wavelength of a particle is related to its momentum, by de Broglie's relation: lambda = h/p, in which lambda = wavelength, p = momentum and h is Planck's constant. So higher momentum particles have a shorter wavelength - or higher frequency.
As to what the "waves" are, that's a good question. The things that make a thing seem to exist are the properties of it that one can measure. With Quantum Mechanics one needs a short excursion into the maths and then back again to see how physical properties relate to the waves. In QM, all the information about a wave-particle in a particular state is contained in something called its "state function" or eigenfunction, or sometimes wavefunction. This complex-form mathematical function has wave-like qualities. (If you ever study alternating current theory in physics, you will find complex numbers crop up there as well - because that is also a theory of waves.) To determine the value of a physical property, such as energy or momentum, one "operates" mathematically on the state function with the appropriate QM operator. The simplest operation is for position. To find the probability of the particle being found in a given volume of space, one multiplies the function by its complex conjugate (this is the complex number equivalent of squaring it) and integrates this over the volume of space in question.
So, you can think of the "waves" as being waves of probability, or rather, the square root of probability. The pictures you see in textbooks of the shapes of orbitals are plots of the probability obtained in this way. But you cannot hope to know everything about a particle at once, in the way you can in classical physics. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle says that delta p.delta x >/=h/4 pi, in which delta p and delta x are the uncertainty about the momentum and position of the particle and h is again Planck's Constant. This is why you cannot track the "orbit" of an electron. If you could write down an orbit for it, you would be able to say what its position and momentum were exactly. In QM, this CANNOT be done. And the reason why is the inherently fuzzy nature of the probability waves which determine what you are allowed to know about a system of particles.
It is not easy and has troubled the best minds of science. Einstein himself hated it, saying God does not play dice. But, all the evidence is that God DOES play dice and that probability waves are how matter really does behave on the atomic scale.
My best advice to you, since you are starting out on this mysterious adventure, is to pay close attention to anything you are taught in physics concerning waves: wavelength and frequency, phase, amplitude and energy, reflection, refraction, diffraction, resonance and standing waves, constructive and destructive interference and what happens when you superimpose waves of different frequencies on top of one another. All these come up time after time in QM and are used to explain all sort of things in chemistry, from atomic and molecular spectra to chemical bonding itself. So if you understand waves, you will "get" QM - at least qualitatively.
Muzaffar, Jul 3, 2013
exchemist Valued Senior Member
Muzaffar said: ↑
OK, good luck, and have fun.
exchemist, Jul 3, 2013
Layman Totally Internally Reflected Valued Senior Member
Trippy said: ↑
It has advanced, substantially. We now have Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory which correctly predicts some of the oddities in chemistry (things like why rule violations occur).
I think that even these types of orbitals have been shown to be at distances where the circumference of these orbitals are distances where the wavelength of the electron will be a full wave length. It was presented together in my chemistry course.
There is a zero probability of the electron being at distances that are not a full wave length, so then they are restricted to these orbitals that don't have a width. That is why I think the electron must move around the atom, in order for it to have this type of self interaction. There could only be one electron in a orbital at a time.
Then when the electron changes from one orbital to another it vanishes and is not detectable. So then it as if the electron can in effect cancel itself out since the circumference of the orbital will be a half wave length. It then emits a photon to change its energy level to be appropriate for it be in a lower orbital, or it can absorb photon to be in a higher orbital. Then the electron makes a quantum leap to the other orbital, in effect jumping over the half wave lengths of circumference.
I find it hard to imagine how this could all take place if the electron wasn't at least traveling at "luminal" speeds around the atom. For instance, you couldn't have a lazy river in a theme park that makes waves that lengths are shorter than the circumference of the river and then have no waves with the wave machine still turned on just because the lazy river was a half wave length in circumference. There would always be waves in the river that would not be able to catch up to the other waves in the river. Then if they did get around to canceling all the waves in the river with the wave machine still on, it would then create waves.
There would have to be some sort of superluminal communication between the waves of electrons in the atom.
Layman, Jul 4, 2013
Layman said: ↑
Well, like anyone, you are free to speculate, but little of what you say here bears much resemblance to the current QM model of electrons in an atom or molecule.
To take one instance, electronic transitions between orbitals do not involve any "vanishing". The electron eigenfunction couples to the oscillating field of the photon being absorbed or emitted and the transition takes a finite time to occur, described throughout the process by the time-dependent form of the Schroedinger equation (as opposed to the time-independent one, which describes stable states).
If you take a look at the wiki on Superluminal Communication you will find that one theory or experiment that shows this is Evanescent Wave Coupling . I think the electron wave in the orbitals of the atom would be a form of Evanescent Wave Coupling .
To take one instance, electronic transitions between orbitals do not involve any "vanishing".
I don't agree, this theory is based off of spectral lines.
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As you can see there are gaps in the spectral lines so that the orbitals where there are not electrons they do not create spectral lines. It is as though the electron does not exist at these ranges where it could then create spectral lines in the gaps between the lines that it does actually create. The theory behind what causes these spectral lines has changed but the fact remains that spectral lines still do occur and is what is seen from experiment.
The electron eigenfunction couples to the oscillating field of the photon being absorbed or emitted and the transition takes a finite time to occur, described throughout the process by the time-dependent form of the Schroedinger equation (as opposed to the time-independent one, which describes stable states).
This is also the same equation that has been attributed to leading to alternate universes. But then the "universes" where electrons could exist between different orbitals don't ever exist, this is why I often preferred the Copenhagen Interpretation . The electron can never be found between orbitals via any type of experiment, ever. If the Schrodinger Equation says that there should be electrons between orbitals then it would seem like it would be incomplete. It would be accounting for things that are happening that actually never do. We haven't ever seen decoherence from a universe that has spectral lines to a "universe" where there was not spectral lines. It is a consistent result of experiment.
Layman;3084064 I don't agree said: ↑
spectral lines[/url].
No, the gaps in the spectrum are simply because the electron can only occupy certain energy levels and it is transitions between these that create spectral lines. These transitions therefore involve energy changes only at a discrete and limited set of energy values. Since the frequency of the photons emitted or absorbed in this process depend on their energy, you get only a discrete number of spectral lines from this process. The gaps are at all the energies that do not correspond to these transitions. Nothing whatever to do with electrons "vanishing".
Aqueous Id flat Earth skeptic Valued Senior Member
Correct. Layman has taken the Balmer emission series for Hydrogen and jumped to conclusions about how to interpret it. He mentions encountering this in a chemistry class, but forgot the Rydberg equation (spectral line wavelength is related to the change in energy of the electron as it traverses orbitals). It would of course be problematic to assign spectral lines to electrons (or orbitals) since you would be assigning too many electrons to the atom. In this case, his assumption implies that Hydrogen has 4 electrons, and it gets worse if you include the other series not mentioned. He also said the theory has changed but this isn't quite correct. Balmer in 1885 had no way of knowing his discovery was a subset of the ways energy transitions can be induced as per Rydberg's later more general formulation. From a very early perspective, then we can see that the theory of quantum state of the electron, as a function in change of principal quantum number, as further related to the difference in mean radii of two two orbitals in question, has not changed, at least not as far as how spectrum line wavelength applies to the electron state changes. The other thing missing from this picture is that spectra are collected on bulk matter, obviously not on individual atoms, so the displayed result shows all the permutations for all the atoms in the sample under test, for which electron transitions are randomly distributed events.
Aqueous Id, Jul 5, 2013
arauca Banned Banned
Aqueous Id said: ↑
Does QM. have any explanation for a benzene ring or even an acetylene molecule ?
arauca, Jul 5, 2013
arauca said: ↑
Certainly. For example the explanation of "resonance", and even more so of aromaticity, in conjugated rings depends on it.
Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member
Yes. Molecular orbital theory not only provides a good explanation for it, but for the chemistry of benzene.
Trippy, Jul 5, 2013
Can you give some detail explanation.
Molecular orbitals are predicted by quantum mechanics. It's a consequence of the delocalization of electrons.
In the simplest case, that of Hydrogen.
You start off with two spheres, the 1S orbital, and bring them together. Quantum mechanics predicts that the wave functions of the two 1s orbitals add to give two wave functions. The first wave function is the result of adding two 1s orbitals together with the same phase, is a bonding orbital because it concentrates electron density between the hydrogen atoms, and stabilizes the molecule. The second wave function is the result of adding to 1s orbitals of opposing phases, is an antibonding orbital because it concentrates electron density away from the center and destabilizes the molecule. The Pauli exclusion principle predicts that only two electrons can occupy an orbital, however, bringing two hydrogen atoms together only gives you a total of two electrons, so they can both occupy the same orbital. Quantum mechanics predicts that the bonding orbital is lower energy than the antibonding orbital, both electrons occupy this orbital, and so dihydrogen is stable at STP. The bonding orbital is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the antibonding orbital is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).
Chemistry occurs when another molecule or atom comes along and starts contributing electron density to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of another molecule. In the case of hydrogen, this splits the molecule.
The same basic principles apply to Benzene, only the result is a little more complicated because there are more atoms involved, and you're using p-orbitals:
Resonance occurs because there are molecular orbitals that delocalize electrons across the whole molecule. This approach also explains the rules regarding aromaticity at the same time that it explains the paramagnetism and reactivity of oxygen:
Thanks but this nothing new for me , I am familiar with sigma bonds and pi bonds which are the double bonds . but the triple bond is a little less understood because some how in acetylene the pi bond is overcrowded
Not a smuch as you might think.
Although I suppose, arguably, the flipside is that the 'overcrowding' you refer to is part of what makes acetylene so unstable (explosively so under the right conditions).
Well since you go around all the time wearing a pointed hat maybe you would like to take a look at the wiki for what you mention the Balmer Series and the Borh Model that according you hasn't changed since it was based off of spectral lines.
"In the simplified Rutherford Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the Balmer lines result from an electron jump between the second energy level closest to the nucleus, and those levels more distant. Shown here is a photon emission. The transition depicted here produces H-alpha, the first line of the Balmer series. For hydrogen () this transition results in a photon of wavelength 656 nm (red)."
So then you don't even believe that an electron quantum leaps in the atom from one orbital to another?
Read-Only Valued Senior Member
No, that's not what he said or even implied. He clearly said, in bold even, only at a discrete and limited set of energy values. That means that there are no intermediate "locations." It's like either A or B - there's no place in between for electrons.
Read-Only, Jul 6, 2013
Sure it does. Just not in some magical "instantaneous" process involving vanishing and reappearance. It's very rapid but it is not instantaneous. It's a coupling "resonance" between the initial and final states and with the oscillating electric field (usually) of the photon.
Re your other post, in the Bohr model, yes, you would need to have magical instantaneous disappearance and reappearance, as classical mechanics can't explain the jumps. BUT the Bohr model predates the QM model and is now of historical interest only. By the way the classical Bohr model can't explain how you can have an electron in an s orbital either. Electrons in s orbitals have zero angular momentum, and yet do not fall into the nucleus - although they can go right up to it, unlike electrons in orbitals that do have angular momentum, such as p, d and f.


The Packers' start to the offseason has been postponed.
While players around the NFL reported for their first day of work, Green Bay's voluntary offseason conditioning program was delayed Monday after the biggest blizzard in more than a century blew through Wisconsin.
With Lambeau Field buried under more than a foot of fresh powder, the Packers got themselves a mid-April snow day.
According to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, the Packers plan to begin the offseason program Tuesday morning.


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Baseball, softball return home eyeing conference success
Tyrell Walden-Martin
After struggling in the first month of the season, Quinnipiac baseball and softball will head back to Hamden in the upcoming days and begin Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference action.
The softball team has struggled to begin the 2015 season, as the Bobcats currently hold a 4-18 record.
After losing to Ohio to begin the season, Quinnipiac earned its first win of the year on Feb. 13th against Army. The Bobcats won 7-5 and never trailed in the game.
Quinnipiac would go on to lose six-straight games against out-of-conference foes Charlotte, Ohio, Pittsburgh, LIU Brooklyn, Boston University and Florida Gulf Coast before defeating Boston University 2-1 in Fort Myers, FL.
The Bobcats have struggled in scoring runs this season, having only scored 57 runs in 22 games. Quinnipiac also has a team batting average of just .243 overall.
Despite struggling at the plate, Quinnipiac showed promise that it could score runs on any given day.
The Bobcats most recent loss came against N.C. Central in Lychburg, Va. In that game, Quinnipiac scored 10 runs on a season-high 20 hits. Even though the team lost, the sudden boost of offense could give them confidence going forward.
Senior infielder, Nikki Barba leads the team in total hits (25), on-base-percentage (.507), slugging percentage (.661) and is second on the team in runs batted in (nine) and home runs (three).
Middle-of-the-order hitter Dani Edmands is batting .288 with a home run and five RBI's on the season, as well.
Senior pitcher and utility player Hannah Lindsley leads the team with four home runs and 12 RBI's, and is second on the team with a .634 slugging percentage. Lindsley has also recorded 45 IP on the mound, striking out 28 batters in the process.
The Bobcats return to Hamden for a nine-game home stretch, which begins Thursday when they host UMass Lowell in back-to-back games. First pitch is set for 2 p.m.
The baseball team has shared similar struggles as the softball team so far this season. The Bobcats currently own a 4-13 record.
Quinnipiac started its season in a four-game series against James Madison in Harrisonburg, Va. The Bobcats lost the first game by a final score of 7-2, but went on to win the next two contests by a final score of 6-5 and 8-4.
Quinnipiac lost its next 11 games against out-of-conference opponents such as Belmont, Bradley, Vanderbilt, Lipscomb and Rhode Island before earning two wins in three games against Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference foe Saint Peter's in Jersey City, NJ.
Quinnipiac has struggled at the plate, posting a .215 batting average so far. Their pitching, meanwhile, has posted a 5.72 team ERA.
Senior infielder, Vincent Guglietti leads the team in slugging percentage (.377), runs scored (14) and has hit the only home run this year for the team. Guglietti is also tied for second on the team in RBI's with seven.
Senior infielder, Scott Donaghue is tied for first on the team with hits (18), is tied for second on the team for runs batted in (7) and is the only player on the team that has at least a .300 batting with at least 20 at-bats on the season.
Shortstop Matthew Batten leads the team in stolen bases with eight.
Sophomore pitcher Thomas Jankins leads the team with 26 IP, and is tied for first with two wins. He's the only Quinnipiac pitcher to throw a complete game so far.
Justin Thomas is the other arm with two wins in 16.2 IP. The lefty has pitched in four games for Quinnipiac, three of which were starts.
The Bobcats play two away games against Central Connecticut State and Yale before returning for their home opener on Saturday against conference foe Siena. It will be a double-header with the first pitch of the first game scheduled for noon at the QU Baseball Field.
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Quinnipiac baseball scores double-digit runs in second straight game in win over Yale
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Quinnipiac baseball drops both games on Saturday against Canisius
Quinnipiac baseball falls in late innings to URI
Quinnipiac baseball completes weekend sweep of Saint Peter's to open MAAC play
Quinnipiac baseball secures 2-1 series win against Niagara

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DC You - Are You Ready to Hashtag This?
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Sometimes it's good to be bad. And in the New DC Universe, there's a place for those who use the term "hero" loosely.
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Are You Ready for Midnighter's Steve Orlando?
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Can't wait for our new June comics? We don't blame you, which is why we're giving you a sneak peek of each and every one of them in all of this month's Convergence comics and right here on DCComics.com!
Everyone feels guilty about something. For some, that guilt becomes a burden and a gnawing presence—one that can rip a person in two and drive them to seek vengeance. That vengeance becomes their very existence, consuming them and motivating their every move. People like this have likely suffered unimaginable loss and they feel responsible. Or they may be suffering from the curse of El Diablo…
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Rick Flag
Resourcefulness. Intuitiveness. Bravery. Skill in combat. All these qualities are useful assets for a soldier, and Rick Flag has them in spades. His exemplary military record put him on Amanda Waller's radar, and she drafted him to lead the Suicide Squad, much like his father, Rick Flag Sr., did before him. The younger Rick accepted the new role, but he wasn't exactly thrilled about the gig.
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Captain Boomerang
An Aussie marksman with an unmatched talent for his namesake weapon, Captain Boomerang has enjoyed two careers—as the Flash's enemy and a member of the Suicide Squad.
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The Suicide Squad's most tragic member, June Moon has been both blessed and cursed to play host to a supernatural entity.
When mild-mannered June Moone inadvertently opened herself up to possession by a powerful magical entity known as the Enchantress, her life was forever changed. Upon speaking the words "Enchantress," June transforms from her mortal self and completely succumbs to Enchantress' parasitic whims, which are often as powerful as they are uncontrollable.
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Good news from Internet Marketer where mobile marketing will be the next era that Internet marketing heading too. So take some time to learn this and invent a series of games or application and sell it online. I tell you will earn a lot from there.
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Pop Poll: Who Should Play the Riddler in Batman 3?
Joseph Gordon-Levitt Rumoured to Play The Riddler in Batman 3
22 July, 2010 by POPSUGAR Celebrity AU
The Batman rumours continue to circle. The latest: The Riddler may appear in the follow-up to The Dark Knight and Joseph Gordon-Levitt's name is currently attached as "interested." We've heard rumblings of this before, but now that director Christopher Nolan is coming off a successful partnership with JGL in Inception, the gossip seems more probable than ever. I think Gordon-Levitt could be great for the part but the script reportedly calls for an actor between the ages of 35 to 45. If Nolan decides to stick with someone older, previously rumoured Johnny Depp could fit the bill, although he's a little over the cap at age 47. Anthony Michael Hall's name was also attached a while back, but that sounds unlikely. So riddle me this: who would you put in the villainous role? For me, the first guys that come to mind in that age range are Jude Law or Ewan McGregor. Perhaps one of them could step in, but do you have any casting suggestions?
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Unfortunately, the code does not address situations where HVAC equipment or ducts impede access to all parts of an attic, or scissor trusses for a cathedral ceiling in the center of the home make access to the other side difficult.
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As of the end of 2010, Spain was the world's fourth largest producer of wind power, and in representing 95 per cent of the nation's industry, the Spanish Wind Energy Association (AEE) has its work cut out as the driving force behind future progress. The country has already outshined many another and proved to be a true success story, and this looks set to continue for the foreseeable. As crucial rises in oil and gas prices continue to emerge, Spain appears to be increasingly supportive of its blossoming wind industry and the AEE plans to continue its efforts in assisting the Spanish government to recognize this technology as crucial for the country's future. In the words of Answers by José Donoso, chairman of AEE, "Wind is our energy and we should support it." IRJ met with Donoso to investigate how the AEE will continue to help Spain to do just that.
IRJ: 2009 was one of the best years for wind power in Spain with 2,459 megawatts of new capacity added to the grid, but 2010 was a difficult year with a about 1,500 megawatts installed in the country. How will 2011 unfold and what are the AEE's predictions for this year end? Where does Spain stand today in terms of future development?
JD: 2011 is a year that comes full of uncertainties for the wind industry. Particularly, because we need the government to dictate the new regulatory framework that will rule the industry from 2013 onward. As you know, wind installations in Spain have a long maturing process, from six-to-eight years, which means that in order to install in 2013 the companies should already be buying turbines. And they are not, because they need to know what the rules of the game will be by then.
In terms of new installed capacity, the rhythm of installation should be similar to this year, around 1,500 megawatts, but there is a big but. In 2010, 700 megawatts of the new capacity installed were in the government's goals for 2011. This implies the risk that the Spanish wind industry might not grow as much this year.
IRJ: Effective December 31, Spain stood at 20,676 megawatts installed. What might you define to be the key projects and areas of growth that have been achieved within Spain over the past year and what will they mean for the future development outlined?
JD: In 2010, the Spanish wind industry reached the goals that were established in the Renewable Energy Plan 2005-10. The industry has proved its ability to grow orderly and reach the government's objectives in time. All we ask for now is that the new regulation will allow us to maintain our leading role in this industry worldwide.
Spain is also an important player in terms of innovation and invests heavily in it. Actually, we export technology for over €2,000 million per year. In recent years, the trend has been to manufacture bigger turbines—two-thirds megawatts—and more efficient machines for medium-low levels of wind. Turbines in Spain are the more advanced in Europe in terms of grid integration. Otherwise, we need to continue advancing in the competitiveness of our industry in order to be more independent to the political and regulatory movements.
IRJ: There is also a lot of talk about emerging European countries that are beginning to embrace wind and other renewable industries. How active are AEE member companies in these areas and how do you think these companies transferrable skills and experience at home will play out in other upcoming locations? Perhaps they can learn from Spain's moves on grid integration here too?
JD: Spanish companies are already strong internationally. Nevertheless, AEE is very active supporting the internationalization of Spanish wind companies, as we understand the value of diversification in a globalized world. And we are also active transferring our know-how, which is considered an example all over the world, to countries that are less mature in this industry. In this sense, we are always open to offer our experience in a system considered an example of efficiency and in grid integration, among other things.
IRJ: In looking at AEE specifically, what are your plans for the coming year? Are there any focus issues or new areas you plan on exploring? What are AEE's key messages today?
JD: The role of AEE is to stand up for the wind industry's interests and we do that every day. Our main goal for this year is to negotiate with the government a new regulatory framework that responds adequately to both the industry and the society's interests. In this sense, we are asking for a regulation that takes into account that the Spanish system, the feed in tariff, has worked and is considered an example of efficiency worldwide. Spain needs wind energy to comply with the European Union's goals for 2020, and the government should support that with the new regulation.
Other than that, the activity of AEE is concentrated around its working groups, in which all our associates—we represent 95 per cent of the sector—play a leading role. We have working groups on environmental and labour issues, operation and maintenance, offshore and technology, internationalization and other different areas that affect our industry. We publish different studies and make the voice of the industry audible wherever we needed.


Dear Pauline: I know your mom would not want you to feel regret at the choices you needed to make.
I often have clients that come in wondering if their parents who had Alzheimer's could understand or hear the words that were spoken to them. I can assure you that even though it didn't seem that they could hear in the physical world, their soul heard every word that was spoken or whispered in their ear.
Your mom knows the love and concern you had for her and the love you hold in your heart.
Our bodies may not last forever, but our soul is eternal and carries all the information within ourselves. Our soul has had many lifetime journeys and will continue until the day we decide we have learned all the lessons we want to learn, as our soul continues to expand and learn from each lifetime here on Earth. We come down to Earth with our soul family, which was formed before our journey began. You picked your mom and dad and the rest of your family (yes, even your siblings) for the lessons and things your soul wanted to learn in this lifetime. Your siblings and soul family can be here to teach you some of those toughest lessons.
The Earth is our school room, a place to learn, and heaven is our home. It's hard to think we picked certain lessons to learn while here this time on Earth.
Making tough decisions might have been something you chose to learn so your soul would recognize certain aspects of feelings and emotions. As we learn our lessons that we chose here, our hearts and souls open up to greater knowledge and love. We understand what it feels like to have had to make hard decisions that affect others.
If we look at the circumstances that happen to us in our everyday lives, we start to realize there is a lesson in almost every choice or situation that is happening to us. As we look deep into our trials and tribulations, we can try to decipher what lessons are hidden in the problems we are experiencing.
Many people go through life trying to learn the same lessons, making the same mistakes in their lives over and over again until one day a light bulb goes off and they see the lesson for what it is. This is when they can see the lesson and learn from it. Every lesson is not a punishment, but a way for our soul to keep growing.
I often tell my clients that if there were no trials and tribulations in our lives, and everything was always happy and carefree, our souls would not be able to learn the valuable lessons that we all came down here to learn. Our hearts and souls open up and expand as we learn empathy and how to feel compassion and sympathy for others. It makes us better people when we know how others are feeling and we feel for them. We all are learning these lessons.
When we realize what the lesson is, we can say, "Thank you, I understand," handle it with grace and then ask that the lesson be taken away.
When we get to heaven is when we find out in our life review how we did with the lessons we chose -- not to judge, but to see where we handled things and learned from them, or how we could have done better.
I tell clients, "Learn your lesson this time around so our souls can grow, and we don't have to bring the same lesson with us next time we come back to the Earth plane."
I am not immune to these lessons myself, so I know how hard it is to have a parent who has Alzheimer's and has to be in a care facility. I now understand the lesson of having no control over certain situations and having to surrender to that feeling. I know why I had to learn that lesson as I always want to be in control. There is a deep-hearted feeling when you seem to have no control over what is happening in your life and the feelings that come with it -- I now understand this.
Know in your heart that you did the very best with your mom in the situation you were given. Our parents only feel the love we have for them, and their souls know the lessons that had to be learned. Heaven is our home and their souls are now free from any disability and illnesses they had while here on Earth.
I used to tell my father, who was brought up having horses, "Dad, you get to have all your horses back when you get to heaven," and he would say, "I'll have a herd." I see him now in heaven, and when he shows up, he brings his horses with him.
They are now watching out for us and hear our thoughts and prayers, so have no regrets. It's only the love that matters.
Bonnie Page is a psychic medium and reiki master. She is available for private readings and reiki sessions at Messages From Heaven Healing And Learning Center, 646 Central St., Suite 3, Leominster, of by telephone at 978-297-9790. If you would like to ask Bonnie a question for her column, email bonniepage@verizon.net.


Eni SpA intends to make available transportation capacity from 01/04/2015, 06:00 a.m. to 01/10/2015, 06:00 a.m. through non-discriminatory and transparent single-round auctions according to the system marginal price rule. The available capacity will be offered on different routes through two different products, the subletting and the logistic swap products, and shall be allocated among the interested operator(s) by means of auctions in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Auction Procedure attached hereto.
along the TAG pipeline system ("East Pipeline System") 38 lots for subletting product.
If you are interested in participating in this auction, please click here for the Online Registration by 17th November 2014 at 4:00 p.m. and you will receive all necessary information in order to complete your registration.
Please note that the deadline for submitting the complete Documentation as per Article 7 of the Auction Procedure is 21st November 2014 at 1:00 p.m. The Documentation consists of a notarized Application Form, a Bid Bond and a Declaration in accordance with the Auction Procedure. Please note that only the companies which do not have any unpaid pending debts toward Eni S.p.A. for amounts in excess of Euro 250.000,00 (two hundred and fifty thousand/00) resulting unpaid upon expiry of 30 days after the established due payment date are entitled to participate to the auction and that only one company of the same corporate group will be entitled to participate to the auction.
Finally, in relation to the subletting products please be informed that the above mentioned available transportation capacities do not include the corresponding capacity at the relevant Italian entry point.
1 One lot is equal to 5.400 Ncm/h for subletting products and equal to 60 MWh(25°C)/h for logistic swap products.
2 If some lots will not be allocated within the Swap Logistic Product allocation process, such lots will be offered in the allocation process for Subletting Products.


text:
Lars Åke Svensson (30 June 1926 – 25 June 1999) was a Swedish ice hockey goaltender. He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics and placed third and fourth, respectively.

In the early 1950s Svensson was the back-up goaltender for Thord Flodqvist. Between 1949 and 1956 he played 52 international matches and won European titles in 1951 and 1952, finishing second at the 1951 world and 1956 European championships, and third at Europeans in 1950 and 1955. Nationally, Svensson played with UoIF Matteuspojkarna in 1947–52, with AIK in 1952–55, and with Hammarby IF in 1955–56. He was awarded the Stora Grabbars Märke #43 in ice hockey, a Swedish sports honorary award created in 1928 by Bo Ekelund.

References

External links

1926 births
1999 deaths
Ice hockey players at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Ice hockey people from Stockholm
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Highest peak in Greene county, Hunter Mountain, sits in the Catskill mountains. Although known for its ski resorts, at Upstate Stock we prefer it's summertime splendor. Covered in boreal forests & lush foliage, Hunter Mountain was deemed "forever wild" under the state constitution.
Red clover forms in abundance upstate & it is known as an amazing herbal remedy to mild skin conditions. Combined with Juniperus Communis (juniper berry)this collection sports a brisk energy that is sure to add a spring to your step. Finally, chamomile helps to create a musky & floral scent that is incredibly unique.


What is better than a bundle of joy as a new parent? Well, of course, it is two bundles of joy! However, traveling with two little ones is not that easy. If you are a parent of twins or have an infant and a toddler, you need to have double the baby care equipment. Don't worry! We have got you covered.
A Tandem Stroller should be on the top of your shopping list, as it can help you take your precious babies along with you wherever you go. They are strollers that are built for carrying twin babies or an infant and a toddler together. Let us walk you through the features of the best tandem strollers that you can buy for your lovely babies.
The Delta LX Side by Side Tandem Stroller is one of the best rated in the market which helps in carrying your babies in style, without having the curse of being bulky and too heavy.
It has a lightweight frame that can fit into a standard 30-inch wide doorway with shock absorbent front wheels to add to the perfect mix. The side-by-side arrangement gives better comfort to the baby. It has a multi-position reclining feature, comfortable shoulder pads and a 5-point harness. It also has a compact umbrella fold with a built-in cup holder and high capacity storage bags!
Wait, there is more! The stroller can hold an infant or a toddler of up to 35 pounds on each seat. This stroller is JPMA certified and meets all ASTM and CPSC standards. In simpler words, this stroller has been verified to be safe by experts who test strollers for a living!
You will like this stroller because it is light-weight, folds nicely into a compact shape, and is also very affordable.
JOOVY is one of the most reliable brands when it comes to baby care equipment like strollers. All the products from the JOOVY label have unmatched quality with a lot of smart features and unbeatable price, and this stroller is no exception to this.
The front seat accommodates the infant from the age of 3 months and up to 45 lbs. The removable rear seat can hold toddlers from up to six months and up to 45 lbs. The stroller can take a maximum combined child weight of 90 lbs. Both the seats have a multi-position recline and have a full-coverage canopy. The parking brakes and good quality suspensions make sure that you are your babies have a smooth ride.
This is one of the best tandem double strollers in the market with a removable back seat. Available at a very reasonable price, it is a steal!
The DuoGlider is one of the best twin strollers with car seats included that you can find in the market at present. Graco is committed to the idea of making the experience as comfy as possible for the parent as it is for the babies. With reclining seats, rotating canopy, footrest and a child's tray for the babies and a one-hand fold, a complete parents' tray and a storage basket with a large capacity, it stands true to its word by making the experience more straightforward for the parents as well.
The whole set is completed with the twin car seats and strollers along with them. They can be easily removed and washed in cold water with soap and dried in the sun.
This stroller has individual trays and canopies for each baby, extra-large storage space, trays for parents, one hand standing fold keeping one hand free for the babies and much more. These are just some of the features that you can get at an affordable price with the DuoGlider from Graco.
European style canopies to keep your kids away from the harmful sunlight and reflective piping on the accents to make your babies and you stand out in the crowd are some of the best features of this fantastic double stroller.
Excellent front and back wheels with a great suspension ensure good maneuverability as well. This beautifully designed stroller has a compact structure and is lightweight, which ensures that you get a lot of value for every penny that you pay for it.
With a lightweight design, excellent maneuverability and excellent storage capacity at an unbelievably low price, it is easy to list down what you will love about this double stroller!
This unique design for double stroller boasts of multiple riding positions for the babies while strolling. Both the babies can be either sitting or one sitting and one standing on the stroller.
This fantastic stroller also boasts of top-notch materials like imported Nylon and metal frame, giving it an irresistible appeal. Moreover, the foot activated brake ensures safety. The ample amount of storage space offered also adds towards making this stroller an attractive deal.
Although it looks very bulky and heavy, the stroller is surprisingly lightweight and can carry weights up to 50 lbs easily.
This stroller promises all the quality and elegance in design than a Delta branded double stroller ensures.
Be it plenty of accessible storage, cup holder for parents, five-point harnesses for the safety of babies or stylish side by side design – the LX double stroller by Delta offers it all.
Like other Delta designs, the lightweight and sleek design at a very affordable price are what you will like the most about this stroller from Delta.
The Chicco Cortina is one of the chic and customizable double strollers in the market today. It allows a car seat to fit by the front seat inclining forward and the rear seat reclining backward – all this without installing any external adapters.
It also offers removable canopies to accommodate older toddlers with ease. The storage basket also removes the general pain of using it by providing a rear zip to put things in and take things out of it easily.
Overall, the Chicco Cortina has been designed to suit smart parents like you and your cute babies.
The classy look, the rich features, and the comfort that this stroller offers at an affordable price are what make it immensely likable. Wherever you go with your babies, you should turn some heads. This baby stroller ensures just that!
This double sit and stand stroller offers everything that a perfect tandem stroller should provide and much more. The double stroller has excellent storage space, both sitting and standing options for the rear seat, removable canopies to provide protection from the sun and a large under the seat storage basket to keep anything and everything that you need when you are out with your bundles of joy. Moreover, it has an organizer for parents that keeps all small things that come in handy for you in a systematic manner.
What is most likable about this piece is the sleek design and excellent capacity that Baby Trend offers at a very reasonable price.
Now that you know which ones are the top tandem strollers in the market go ahead and buy one of these for your twins! This way, your babies will be carried around comfortably.


text:
Q: Error message translation issue in laravel I'm trying to translate my error message in to french. But the validation message contains in the
app/Rules/MatchOldPassword.php file
I have translated the error messages in validation.php file, but how can I translate this error message which is in a different route
Here is my code for MatchOldPassword.php
<?php

namespace App\Rules;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class MatchOldPassword implements Rule
{
    /**
     * Determine if the validation rule passes.
     *
     * @param  string  $attribute
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public function passes($attribute, $value)
    {
        return Hash::check($value, auth()->user()->password);
    }

    /**
     * Get the validation error message.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function message()
    {
        return 'The :attribute need to be matched the with old password.';
    }
}

A: Use the __ method for string translation
/**
 * Get the validation error message.
 *
 * @return string
 */
public function message()
{
    return __('validation.<key>'); // the key is the key specified in your validation file
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The delay comes as some states — particularly in the southern United States — are grappling with major increases in fuel station skimming attacks. In September, KrebsOnSecurity published a detailed look at nine months' worth of fuel pump skimming incident reports filed by police and regulators in Arizona, which said it saw more fuel station skimming attacks in the month of August 2016 than in all of 2015 combined.
That report about Arizona's skimmer scourge found that thieves tend to target pumps that are furthest from the pump station and closest to the street. They also favored stations that did not employ basic security measures such as tamper-evident security tape and security cameras.
Crooks involved in fuel pump skimming generally are tied to organized crime gangs, as evidenced by this Nov. 2015 investigation into fuel theft gangs operating in Southern California . The thieves most often use stolen master keys or bribery to gain access to the pumps. Once inside the pumps, the thieves hook up their skimmer to the pump's card reader and PIN pad. The devices also are connected to the pump's electric power — so they don't need batteries and can operate indefinitely. Increasingly, these thieves are installing Bluetooth-based skimmers that can transmit stolen data wirelessly, allowing thieves to avoid taking the risky step of retrieving their skimmer gear.
Some pump skimming devices are capable of stealing debit card PINs as well, so it's good idea to avoid paying with a debit card at the pump. Armed with your PIN and debit card data, thieves can clone the card and pull money out of your account at an ATM. Having your checking account emptied of cash while your bank sorts out the situation can be a huge hassle and create secondary problems (bounced checks, for instance).
Want to learn more about skimming devices? Check out my series, All About Skimmers.
This entry was posted on Friday, December 2nd, 2016 at 12:06 pm	and is filed under Other. You can follow any comments to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Cmon… its credit debit wire or else..rotchilds will do it alll the ways. All they got to do call to them intermediaries..in russia or ukraine.
Then the intermeduary from rotchild providing information.
Then lower lever thugs will attack.
After attack they blame lower level guys in bus.
All you need now is to mention how the moon landing was faked and you'd have a conspiracy theory trifecta.


text:
FactTank-logos
NEWS IN THE NUMBERS
Many Americans, especially blacks and Hispanics, are hungry for help as they sort through information
By John B. Horrigan and John Gramlich
While only 20% of Americans say they feel overloaded by the amount of information they encounter in modern life, many are open to getting some help in finding material that can help them make decisions.
A new analysis of a November 2016 Pew Research Center survey shows that 76% of U.S. adults say they would benefit "a lot" from having at least one of seven different kinds of help in accessing information that can help them make decisions. (See chart below for full list.) About four-in-ten (41%) say three or more of these possible forms of assistance would help them a lot.
Americans are especially likely to say they would benefit from improvements in the services they use to go online. Seven-in-ten cellphone users (70%) say they would benefit from an unlimited data plan, with 50% saying they would benefit a lot. And nearly three-quarters of home internet users (72%) say having more reliable service would help them gather information for decisions, with 48% saying it would help them a lot.
There are notable differences by race and ethnicity. Among cellphone owners, 79% of Hispanics and 77% of blacks say unlimited data plans would be at least somewhat helpful, compared with 67% of whites. And among home internet users, 82% of Hispanics and 81% of blacks say more reliable home internet service would be at least somewhat helpful, compared with 68% of whites.
More than half of adults say that training in the digital realm would help them when it comes to accessing information that can aid in making decisions. Around six-in-ten (61%) say they would like training on how to use online resources to find trustworthy information, while 55% would like training that can build confidence in using computers, smartphones and the internet.
Again, there are differences in the views of whites and minorities on these questions. While 75% of Hispanics and 70% of blacks would like training on how to use online resources to find trustworthy information, the same is true for 55% of whites. Three-quarters of Hispanics and 66% of blacks would like training on using computers, smartphones and the internet, compared with 48% of whites.
There are smaller, yet still significant, gaps when looking at education. Those with a high school diploma or less are more likely to want training in both areas than those who have graduated from college.
Americans are somewhat less likely to say they would benefit from turning to libraries when it comes to accessing information that can help them make decisions. Some 47% and 43%, respectively, say having a library nearby or one with longer hours would help in this regard.
However, there are large differences about the value of libraries by race and educational attainment. By nearly two-to-one, blacks and Hispanics are more likely than whites to see benefits in having a library nearby or having better library hours. Americans with a high school diploma or less are also more likely than those with a college degree or more to see these benefits.
The role of close family and friends is also important in guiding people to information that can assist in decision-making. Nearly three-quarters (74%) say having more people in their social circles with knowledge of key issues would help at least somewhat in decision-making, with 37% saying this would help a lot.
Emerging Technology ImpactsTechnology AdoptionInformation Seeking
John B. Horrigan is a former senior researcher focusing on the internet and technology at Pew Research Center.
POSTS	BIO	EMAIL
John Gramlich is a senior writer/editor at Pew Research Center.
POSTS	BIO	TWITTER	EMAIL
How Americans see digital privacy issues amid the COVID-19 outbreak
Most Americans – especially Millennials – say libraries can help them find reliable, trustworthy information
The state of privacy in post-Snowden America
Key takeaways on Americans' views about privacy, surveillance and data-sharing
Key findings about Americans' confidence in science and their views on scientists' role in society


If you are someone who's looking for the fitting home for you that's simply near the Miami Seaside, then be assured that there are lots of rental items in the area that would suit your wants and funds at the same time. This ground plan permits for the lounge and bedroom to both be oceanfront. Good seashore condominium for personal use or as a rental. Maui Vista is so effectively located to some of the greatest seashores in Kihei as well as nice eating places and each comfort you want. Seascape has a true resort really feel and the facilities include a swimming pool going through the seaside, sizzling tub, BBQ space for the household to collect, elevators and a wonderful gated crosswalk to the beach.
Within the Central Valley, we offer exclusive Escazu luxurious condominiums, Santa Ana, Cariari, Sabana, Rohrmoser, Heredia and Alajuela where you will see that beautiful condos for sale and for rent in Costa Rica. This might bring challenges depending on every celebration's life-style, so pay shut consideration to how properly the condominium unit is insulated. Premium Beachfront Galveston Island Rental at Pointe West Resort.
Featuring one hundred eighty diploma ocean views that overlook the islands of Moloka'i and Lana'i, the massive, household-friendly pool will supply residents a place to loosen up and escape the stresses of daily life. This condo provides ground to ceiling sliding glass doors, that open onto a big lanai. Below you will discover a small selection of Costa Rica condos for sale Each of our condominium actual estate listings in Costa Rica includes a brief description and a picture.
This property presents a very strong rental history and comes totally turn key with the exception of some personal artwork pieces. Moreover, the neighborhood of Windstar on Naples Bay presents a 72-slip deep water marina with a Dock Master and a personal seaside club that's positioned on Keewaydin Island which residents can take pleasure in through a shuttle service to this secluded seaside.
One of the best seashores in Kapalua are easily accessible from the Kapalua Coastal Path, which is barely steps away from the lanai or take the Kapalua Shuttle, a complimentary service to house owners in the resort. AC models all through this rental for our warm summer time months. Architectural particulars abound in this 3100 sq ft first floor unit with three-four bedrooms and 2 full bogs.


text:
Mickey Lill (3 August 1936 – October 2004) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Everton, Plymouth Argyle and Portsmouth.

Career
He began as a trainee at London non-league club Storey Athletic before being spotted by West Ham United. However, he left for then-Champions Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1954 still as an apprentice.

The winger made his first team debut on 7 December 1957, scoring in a 2–1 win at Preston North End. However, he did not feature again that season as Wolves won the league title for a second time. He really broke through at Molineux in the following campaign as the club successfully retained the League Championship, making 18 appearances and scoring 12 goals.

Their league triumph gave Lill the chance to appear in the European Cup during the 1959–60 season, but he still found himself on the sidelines often and left for Everton in early 1960.

He played for two full seasons at Everton as the club twice finished in the top five. He was sold in the summer of 1962 to Second Division Plymouth Argyle. After less than a season with the Pilgrims, he moved along the South coast to fellow second-tier club Portsmouth in March 1963.

After a little over two seasons at Fratton Park, followed by one season in the Southern League with Guildford City, Lill left English football in May 1966 to join Germiston Callies in South Africa. He soon became manager/coach of the club after retiring from playing for the period 1968 to 1973. He left Callies to manage Jewish Guild (based in Johannesburg). He eventually worked as a PE teacher at Sacred Heart College, Observatory, just outside central Johannesburg.

He died of cancer in October 2004, aged 68.

References
Mickey Lill, Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Database

1936 births
2004 deaths
Footballers from Romford
English footballers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Guildford City F.C. players
Germiston Callies F.C. players
Jewish Guild players
Rangers F.C. (South Africa) players
English Football League players
Deaths from cancer in South Africa
English expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in South Africa
English expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Association football wingers


Alex Peabody shows off a can of her Bev rose wine.
Alix Peabody was 24 years old and suffering from a big health crisis when she started throwing some parties at her aunt and uncle's house in Sonoma to raise money to pay for her medical bills.
After going through this upheaval, she realized that she wanted to change directions and do something centered around women that was more meaningful. She then received a notification that she had to transfer some funds from the 401k plan she had from her first job out of Dartmouth as a math major.
So, she took her entire life savings and decided to buy 300 gallons of rosé wine and some cans to put it in, and she started Bev. "I cashed it all in to buy this tote of rosé and see where it took me," Peabody says.
That was in mid-2017. Today, cans of Bev rosé, which will have the updated tagline "break the glass" printed right on the side of the bright, salmon-pink cans, are now found more than 200 storefronts and bars throughout southern California, and they've been picked up by Reyes Beverage Group, which is the largest beer distributor in the country. Bev is the first and only wine product that Reyes distributes.
Though Peabody and her brand are building momentum, it wasn't a sure thing. Peabody purchased those initial 300 gallons of rosé to use in a guerilla marketing campaign. She took the cans to events throughout southern California, and then she had friends take them to events, and then later, she would approach clients about purchasing and investing in the brand.
Though she was showing up at events and marketing, the sales weren't coming through. "I very much put myself into a big, precarious situation where my only way out was through," she says, and at that point, she had maxed out her credit card, had only $12 left in her bank account and was sleeping at a friend's house.
Besides stores, bars and restaurants in southern California, Bev also is sold online, and that's a key reason why Peabody chose wine over another alcoholic product. "Wineries can sell their wine direct to consumers through their wine clubs, and other types of spirits can't," she says.


A highly requested topic that I get asked about A LOT is nutrient timing-- AKA what to eat and when to eat it. I know that there are TONS of conflicting sources of information on this, but it CAN BE a lot simpler than most people realize!
So as you see, you should prioritize 3 OTHER things before you start really honing down on your nutrient timing.
- Avoid large amounts of fat around your workouts. Fats slow digestion and therefore nutrient uptake!
- Eat the bulk of your carbs in the meals around your workouts. ¹ Are you noticing a trend yet?
If that seems confusing, or like a lot of different "rules", don't sweat it! Step 1 is to work on optimizing the meals around your workouts, and then you can experiment with the other suggestions once you've gotten that down.
So there ya have it-- nutrient timing made simple!


Our customer support team is ready to help you with any request. If you are not a customer and are interested in Aramark services or products, please Request More Information here.
Fill out an online support request and we'll respond within 24 hours.
We truly value you as a customer and would like to have more customers just like you!


Sproutary allows you to manage all aspects of payments, online or good old fashioned check or cash. Care centers can setup automatic invoicing for families.
AutoPay allows families to setup their credit/debit or checking account to pay their tuition.
Create invoices Weekly, Bi-Weekly or Monthly.
Bill tuition every week, two weeks, month, or even daily drop ins.
Your families can login and check their invoices, print out history for taxes.
Customize invoicing, tuition, payments and more per family.
How do I create a refund or credit?
Sproutary first needs to verify your business details with our payment processor before you can start accepting payments online. Go to the settings page and click Verify Business.
How do I take credit card payments online?
Check "Allow families to pay with their Credit or Debit cards." Families will now be able to login and add their credit card details.
How do I take electronic check(ACH) payments?
Check "Allow families to pay with their Checking Account. (ACH/eCheck)." Families will now be able to login and add their bank details.
Is there a fee for accepting payments online?
Sproutary gives you the best rate possible from our payment processor and never adds a fee on top.
Credit Cards fees are 2.9% + 30¢ per transaction.
eCheck/ACH fees are 0.8% per transaction, maximum of $5.00.
Can I pass the fees on to families?
You can pass on none, half, or the whole processing fee to your families.


Apple made a slew of announcements today as it revamped its iBooks presence on the iPad to make it more friendly to educators. There's iBooks 2, which adds textbooks from big names; iBooks Author lets anyone create periodicals for iDevices; and iTunes U, a learning center full of free video and more. Pretty exciting stuff, but not the most exciting announcement of the bunch.
With iBooks 2, Apple is making a hard push to drag textbooks kicking and screaming into the digital age, making them interactive, searchable and media rich. It makes a lot of sense, and the iPad is definitely the tablet to do it on. According to MSNBC's Rosa Golijan, there's 20,000 education apps on the platform, and 1.5 million iPads being used for educational purposes.
That's probably why Apple could secure the biggest names in the textbook industry — Pearson, McGraw-Hill, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt "make 90 percent of the textbooks available," according to Apple VP of global marketing Phil Schiller, who spoke at the announcement event — and why Apple was able to make this very impressive announcement: cheap text books. Like, under $15 cheap.
Textbooks represent an enormous investment for schools, educators and students. They can drive up student loans. They loose a lot of value right after you buy them. Heck, while we're piling on, they're also pretty damn heavy. The advantages of a digital solution aside, the ability to keep them cheap — and only time will tell if Apple is able to do that — is definitely what's impressing me most about Apple's iBooks 2 announcement.
It'll also be interesting to see what users do with iBooks Author, as now anyone essentially has the tools to package a multimedia "book" and sell it on iBooks.
You can read more about iBooks Textbooks here, as well as iBooks Author here and iTunes U here.


Assiut University received a representative academic delegation from the American Purdue University and the International Education Institution. The visit of the delegation was for the purpose of discussing possible means of cooperation between the two universities and funding projects in fields such as agriculture, water, and energy. Vice President for Community Service and Environment development, Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Latif held a meeting with the delegation in which he asserted the University's tendency to keep strong ties with as many world universities as possible. This will improve the scientific research environment and encourage successful exchange of expertise among universities.


text:
Submitting a commercial loan request to a lender: A primer for brokers
Layne Sapp named finalist in 2005 Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year awardsMortgagePress.comErnst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year The 19th Annual Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award celebration in Palm Springs, Calif. was held from Nov. 17-20, 2005. Attended by the nation's top entrepreneurs, the event culminated in Saturday's ceremony, emceed by Jay Leno, where the finalists and winners were announced. Out of the 400-plus national nominees invited to Palm Springs, 35 were named as finalists in one of the 11 national categories, including financial services; services; supporter of entrepreneurship; International Lifetime Achievement Award for Activism, entrepreneurship and leadership; media/entertainment/communications; health sciences; technology; realizing business potential; distribution/manufacturing/security and real estate/hospitality/construction. Layne Sapp, founder and CEO of Mountlake Terrace, Wash-based MILA Inc., was the only Pacific Northwest entrepreneur from the region that includes Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Alaska to be named as a finalist. In fact, he is the first regional entrepreneur to make the nationals in five years. Sapp shares the financial services winners circle with fellow finalist Robert L. Riter, chairman of American Chartered Bank, a Chicago-area full-service commercial and retail bank. James E. Stowers Jr., founder of American Century Investments, was named the category winner. "It is a thrill to be named with such powerhouses of the industry," said Layne. "I know everyone says, 'It's an honor just to be nominated,' but to carry that nomination to the national stage and then share the spotlight with the likes of Robert Riter and James Stowers truly is an honor. I share the spotlight gladly with every MILA associate who has helped realize our vision over our 21-year history." Sapp attributes the Ernst & Young honor to MILA's proprietary loan management system AccessPoint, which has spearheaded the company's 803 percent growth since its introduction in 2002. The only online loan management tool to provide instant loan commitments, the technology is putting MILA in a category by itself within the wholesale lending industry. With Sapp at the helm, the company aims to solve the business problems of brokers across the country by providing them a uniquely robust online loan management tool that allows them to be both broker and banker right from their desktop. Having been recognized by other leading business watchdogs such as Inc 500, Mortgage Technology News, Deloitte & Touche, Puget Sound Business Journal and the Better Business Bureau, MILA and its founder are poised to make industry history in the coming years with plans to expand to 22 new states by the close of 2006. For more information, visit www.mila.com.
Judge Grants UWM Partial Win In Ultimatum Lawsuit
AML's declaration that the ultimatum violated antitrust law survived.
A&D Mortgage Launches Temporary Rate Buydowns
Offering 3-2-1 and 2-1 buydown options.
Zillow: 2M Homes No Longer Require A Jumbo Loan
This is the result of FHA's update to the baseline conforming loan limit in high-cost areas topping $1 million.


text:
2015 Enquirer All-City Softball Team
All-City Team is made up of players from five city schools and voted on by city coaches
2015 Enquirer All-City Softball Team All-City Team is made up of players from five city schools and voted on by city coaches Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1LqurIR
Bill Broderick, Battle Creek Enquirer Published 10:02 p.m. ET June 22, 2015 | Updated 10:12 p.m. ET June 22, 2015
Harper Creek pitcher Taylor Shellenberger named to All-City team.(Photo: The Enquirer)
The Battle Creek Enquirer All-City Softball Team is made up of players from the five city schools and voted on by city coaches and the Enquirer sports staff:
Keosha Ridley
Battle Creek Central
Ridley provided important senior leadership on a young Battle Creek Central team as was voted team captain and team MVP for her efforts.
Ridley, a pitcher, led the team in RBIs and batted .240 on the year while also having the club's highest fielding percentage.
"Keosha was good at keeping composed and keeping her head high at all times," BCC coach Joshua Dreps said.
Jailee Keller
In her first year on the varsity, Keller had a breakout season as she hit .333 for a 15-13 Harper Creek team.
The junior also had 32 RBIs with a .418 on-base percentage and earned all-district honors and was an honorable mention selection on the all-conference team.
"Jailee put a ton of time in this past winter and it showed. Jailee loves softball and is a true competitor. I am looking forward to her senior season to be even better than her junior season. She will need to step up and be a leader next year," Harper Creek coach Bill Burritt said.
Aubrey Greenfield
A good all-around player for Harper Creek, Greenfield had a big senior season in her second year on varsity - helping the Beavers to a 15-13 season.
Playing multiple positions, Greenfield hit .432 and finished second on the team in hits with 35 RBIs while earning all-district honors and honorable mention honors in the conference.
"Aubrey is one of those players that really could play any position for us. She is a lot of fun to coach," Burritt said.
Anna Pascoe
As a sophomore, Pascoe was a steadying force on the infield for Harper Creek by playing every inning of every game at first base for the Beavers, who went 15-13 on the season.
Pascoe hit .361 on the season with 25 RBIs and a .419 on-base percentage and was named all-district and honorable mention all-conference.
"Anna was also one of the players that put in a lot of time in this winter working on her hitting and fielding. I don't have to be hard on Anna as she is harder on herself if she does something wrong. She is an all-around great kid," Burritt said.
Haleigh Pickett
One of the key pitchers for Harper Creek in the Beavers' lineup, Pickett made great strides in her first year on varsity as a junior.
Pickett went 7-8 from the mound and had an ERA of 4.92 as she helped Harper Creek to a 15-13 season.
"Her record doesn't reflect the quality of pitcher she is. She will continue to work on her location and different pitches this summer and we are looking for to her being our No. 1 pitcher next year," Burritt said.
Taylor Shellenberger
Shellenberger started the year out with a knee injury which wouldn't keep her off the field. She played shortstop and pitched. The junior batted .359, leading the team in doubles, and was 7-5 from the mound.
Shellenberger has been named All-City three times and earned all-league and all-district honors this season.
"She is a true competitor and a leader on our team," Burritt said.
Sam Tilley
A senior leader for a 15-13 Harper Creek team in its first season in the Interstate 8 Conference, Tilley is a returning member of the All-City team.
Playing third base for the Beavers, Tilley batted .295 with 23 RBIs in her second year on the varsity.
"She has one of the stronger arms on the team. Sam is a great person and we will miss her smiling face next year," Burritt said.
Katie Wade
As a sophomore, Wade led the team in RBIs (30), hits (36) and triples (4) and was second on the team in batting average at .404.
Wade was a key defensive player for the Beavers as she split time between center field and shortstop, earning all-league and all-district honors while helping Harper Creek to a 15-13 season.
"This year Katie put a lot of time in the winter hitting and fielding. It showed on the field. I am looking for Katie to step up and be a leader on and off the field next year," Burritt said.
Kerynna Dean
An up-and-coming player in the Lakeview program, Dean had a big sophomore season from her catching position and was voted Rookie of the Year by her teammates.
Dean batted .372 on the season and earned honorable mention honors in the SMAC.
"She's a first-year varsity player with great potential as a leader. She made the transition from JV to varsity seem effortless due to her hard work ethic. We expect great things from her in the years to come," Lakeview coach Brian Ratliff said.
Kimberly Kucharczyk
The top all-around player for Lakeview, Kucharczyk was voted MVP of the team as well as earning the Golden Glove Award from her spot at shortstop and third base.
The junior batted .402 on the season and finished with 24 RBIs, while earning all-conference and all-district honors.
"She's a hard-nosed player who proves daily that she is totally team oriented. She is completely selfless and willing to do whatever it takes to help the team at any moment. She is also a great communicator on the field thus making her a great leader," Ratliff said.
Shayna Starring
One of the team's top run producers, Starring had a big senior year at the plate and was voted Best Offensive Player by her team from her third base position.
Starring hit .350 on the season with two home runs and 14 RBIs, earning honorable mention all-conference honors, while also stepping in to pitch.
"She worked hard all season and filled many roles for the team. She did a nice job from the mound and had a very successful offensive season. She will be greatly missed next year," Ratliff said.
Paige Tobin
Tobin had a good all-around senior season for the Spartans as a key defensive player in the outfield. And as a four-year varsity player, she was an important leader on a young team.
Tobin was Lakeview's center fielder and batted .305 on the year with 16 RBIs and was given the Best Sportsmanship Award by her teammates.
"She is a four-year varsity player and has served the program well with her outstanding leadership skills. She was very dependable in the outfield. She demonstrates what giving 100-percent looks like every day," Ratliff said.
Kaylee Clothier
Clothier had a breakout season as a freshman for Pennfield, playing the key position of shortstop and also contributing at the plate, earning all-conference honors.
Clothier led Pennfield with a .418 batting average with a .500 slugging percentage, eight extra-base hits and 28 RBIs.
"A power hitter, very strong freshman who adjusted to the varsity very quickly. We leaned on her this season and anticipate more from her in the future. She is a very devoted and motivated young athlete," Pennfield coach Pam Metcalf said.
Brooke Lenz
Lenz had a solid junior season in her second year on the varsity, as an all-around good player for the 12-19 Panthers as she also contributed from the mound.
Lenz hit .312 on the season with 20 RBIs and led the team with a .968 fielding percentage from first base.
"A strong hitter, she had many opportunities to help the team with a big hit and would more often than not come through for the team," Metcalf said.
Tess Needham
A senior leader for the Panthers, Needham helped Pennfield to a 12-19 record from her third base position, coming up with big hits throughout the season.
Needham hit .299 on the season and was second on the club with 23 RBIs with seven extra-base hits while earning honorable mention honors in the league.
"A team leader and captain, we will miss her positive attitude and leadership. She worked hard to improve her game," Metcalf said.
Jessica Roan
The leader on the field from her catcher position, Roan was also the team's leadoff hitter and team captain as a junior in her second year on varsity, while earning honorable mention all-conference honors.
Roan hit .386 on the season with a .535 slugging percentage with 16 stolen bases and 15 RBIs.
"Being the leadoff hitter and captain speaks volumes about her importance to the team. Her leadership was crucial for our success. She is a very willing athlete to do what the team needed and caught most of the season," Metcalf said.
Alexa Stephenson
A key piece of the future for Pennfield as the Panthers' pitcher, Stephenson is a second-year varsity player as a junior and helped her squad to a 12-19 record while earning all-conference honors in the Interstate 8.
Stephenson went 10-10 on the mound for Pennfield with a 2.98 ERA. She also played first base and showed some power with a .396 batting average and a .485 slugging percentage with 21 RBIs.
"She will be crucial to our success next year as she has been improving each year. She hits in the power slot and we needed her most every game. She gets better every year, we look forward to a good senior year," Metcalf said.
Abby Mullis
The top pitcher for a young St. Philip team looking to rebuild the program, Mullis took the mound for the Tigers in all but two games. The junior also contributed at the plate and finished the season as the Tigers' leadoff batter.
"She came to some clinics over the winter and really improved. Her hitting was impressive also. By the end of the year she worked her way into our leadoff spot in the lineup. Luckily, she is only a junior. What a great kid and a hard worker," St. Philip coach Peggy Boucher.
Meredith Johnson (Lakeview), Shelby Sanchez (Lakeview), Nia Johnson (BCC), Abby McClure (St. Philip), Zoey McCleary (Pennfield)
Contact Bill Broderick (269) 966-0678 or bbroderi@battlecreekenquirer.com. Follow him on Twitter @billbroderick


text:
Home Latest House to Probe Alleged Fraud in IPPIS
House to Probe Alleged Fraud in IPPIS
By Udora Orizu
The House of Representatives Committee on Public Accounts, yesterday set up an enquiry into allegations that the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System, (IPPIS,) was riddled with fraud and irregularities, which had led to the none payment of salaries and allowances of Federal Civil Servants.
The committee initiated the inquest in the course of engaging tertiary institutions and other agencies on their financial audit reports for 2018-2019.
The committee was alarmed that leakages and sharp practices were observed in the course of their earlier engagement, with other agencies, particularly, the J.S. Tarkar University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State.
The Rector of the school, told the committee, that pending salaries for the years under review, were due to anomalies in the IPPIS, a salary payment system introduced by the President Muhammadu Buhari government in 2017.
He said the backlog of salaries is from people, who were not captured by IPPIS.
In his response, the Chairman, Hon. Wole Oke said, ''That's why we must look into IPPIS. We were told here, that the salaries of personnel of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi (Benue State), went into accounts of staff of Jigawa State. IPPIS must be investigated, to detect some of the irregularities observed in the system. We have observed some serious irregularities in the system''.
The committee, then resolved to write the Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning, Mrs. Zainab Ahmad and the Accountant General of the Federation, Ahmed Idris to explain alleged sleaze, in the federal staff payment system.
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Amy Darracott of Plain Jane Events has a job that many people are envious of, planning some of the coolest parties and corporate parties going on at any time in London. Her day to day can involve anything from hiring drag queens to organising pop-up bars for Gordon Ramsay's restaurants, but one of the parts of the job she enjoys most is organising Christmas parties. I sat down with her and got the inside scoop on how best to plan a Christmas party that'll blow your employees away.
Curran: So Amy, when do companies need to start planning their Christmas parties?
Amy: We don't often see bookings until about August when people come back from summer holidays, but ideally you'd book as early as January to make sure you can secure a good date for your party. If you leave it too late there will be no venues with Thursday or Friday slots available, they disappear fast. Also, don't forget to communicate with the invitees! You want to make sure everyone saves the date because Christmas is such a busy time of the year.
Curran: What are the things people always forget to arrange?
Amy: Staff and entertainment are key, they're the things that people always forget to organise and if you don't nail them then your party can just end up being another boozy night out. Get your thinking cap on and make the entertainment something special.
I actually don't think that great Christmas party entertainment has to be Christmas themed. I worked on an awesome party which was Night Circus themed. It was quirky and in your face, but there were no Santa's in sight! Really you just want to do something that's a lot of fun.
Curran: Does a meal out to a restaurant cut it these days?
Amy: I think it can certainly make the cut - there are restaurants coming up with some really innovative Christmas menus in London and you have to cater for all budgets. Not everyone has £300 per head, lots of restaurants do great deals, especially if you book early, but if you have the budget, why not do something wild. You can go to a restaurant any day of the week after all!
Curran: What type of venue works best?
Amy: If you're able to, go for a blank canvas venue that has space for lots of embellishment. You want to make the venue into a total dreamland, so that people forget where they are and are totally in the moment. That's much harder to do with a space that has a lot of it's own character already, although if the vibe of the place fits your theme it could work well.
If you have a smaller budget, you can still make people feel like they're in another world, some venues have a couple of pre-defined possible layouts and lots of kit around to totally make the place over, so checking about that first can save a lot of money and effort.
Curran: How much do companies need to spend per head?
Amy: To make it a special evening, £100 per head is a really realistic budget, especially if the venue has some infrastructure itself. If you want to go to town and make it a night to remember, you'll be looking in the region of £200-220 per head.
If you're looking to plan a Christmas party, find out more here and we'll find you some jaw-dropping options.


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RadTV is looking to partner with physicians, medical illustrators and animators, content providers, photographers and videographers, and others who can help us continuously improve the quality and appeal of our programming. For more information, please send an email to partners@radiologyTV.com.
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If you have questions or would like more information, please contact Jim Koehler at 1-844-MY RADTV .
By submitting this form you are agreeing to contact Radiology TV and in turn allowing us to record and store your name, email address, and any additional information you have provided us in the form. This data is stored only so we can properly respond to your message. We do not supply 3rd parties with any information submitted via contact form to our website.


text:
Evacuate the Dancefloor – singel Cascady z 2009
 Evacuate the Dancefloor – album Cascady z 2009


King Baldrik Ironheart was tragically slain in battle, and his son, the new King Valdan, has taken the throne. He and his brother, Prince Thenar, along with the remaining advisors to the throne, are hard at work getting the country back in order. Some cities had to be abandoned and are still being cleared of demons, and refugee camps house those who had to flee their homes. Production in the mines was drawn to a stand-still when demons blockaded the entrances, but people are hard at work to clear them and rescue anyone still trapped within.
In a smart diplomatic move, King Valdan has made an offer to Count Sebastian Everest of Winterdark to send Dwarven craftsmen to help with rebuilding in exchange for supplies. Lord Azmar, one of King Valdan's advisors, has been heading this front. One noble in Travance has already responded, Lord Blackthorne, who sent a shipment of food to Calisvorin as a gesture of goodwill. Separately, Seámus Aeislin of Clan MacInnes is leading a small army on a campaign to wipe out demons in the High-lands, Calisvorin, and Asgaard.
Upon getting ready to send the promised aid to Travance, the Dwarves discovered that their dark cousins had surrounded their homeland in force with claims in hand to the throne that King Valdan had just taken. In their weakened state, whether then put his people through more war and death, he suggested they bring this claim together to Travance.
Now in Travance, they seem to be willing to tell their side of things to anyone willing to listen, The Dark Dwarves claim to have prof in the form of a Legacy Document, that they say will be arriving the following day.
Up until shortly before the Rift, all dwarves were one people, and they lived deep within the mountains. The seat of their kingdom was called Flamestone, named for an ever-burning piece of stone that formed the heart of their great forge.
There was some growing unrest due to the current rewards structure in dwarven society - wealth was only passed through families and nobility always controlled it. Some dwarves grew weary of constantly giving up the spoils of their hard work to the noble families. At the same time as this unrest was nearing a tipping point, the youngest of the King Gorm Redbeard's sons, Gren, was leading an expedition into a cavern opened up by recent tectonic activity. During this expedition, Gren came upon a strange object. He realized that with the current societal structure in place, he could not keep it for himself, and would have to turn it over. He decided instead to secret it away, and co-opted the cause of the discontented dwarves as a smokescreen.
What followed turned into a bloody civil war. The dark dwarves, as they would come to be known, won by leveraging their workers' knowledge of tunnels and back entrances into a particularly brutal brand of guerrilla warfare. A hero of the dark dwarves, Gromish Stonefist, and his crack team of resistance fighters eventually succeeded in killing King Gorm, putting a halt to the whole war. The oldest prince, now king, Brant, led the dwarves in a flight from Flamestone for greener pastures. They eventually settled in what it now known as Calisvorin.
The new dark dwarven society, still ensconced in their ancestral hall, wanted nothing more to do with the trappings of their cousins. Their masonry and smithing became more about strength and practicality, so that they might better fend off the lurkers of the underdark, and to remind each other that they were not like their cousins and did not prefer ornamentation and wealth as a measure of greatness.
There was still a great deal of tension and even the occasional skirmish for years after the war was officially over. Some of these skirmishes were triggered by those who stayed behind turned out to be spies and plants of King Brant, while others were fueled by the pangs of loss of former friends and even families. Propaganda was common; the surface dwarves began to spread the notion that the dark dwarves were lazy, pointing to the lack of obvious ornamentation on their crafts. A common insult was to say they were too lazy to make their own kingdom, so they stole one.
Over time, this hurt the reputation of the dwark dwarves on the surface, and hurt relations between them and the other races on the surface of Arawyn. This, too, was part of the plan of the surface dwarves, in the hope that by depriving the dark dwarves of trade they would eventually break.
The dark dwarves responded in kind, putting forth an image of the surface dwarves as thin-skinned and weak. They, too, had a favorite insult for the other: they called the surface dwarves cave-ins.
But though their walls were far from pretty, they were strong, and they held. The dark dwarven work ethic allowed them to survive in the underdark and even prosper. Their eventual trade relations with the dark elves caused many to see them as evil, and some of them - like some of all races - certainly are. They care little for manners or similar customs from the surface, and this has not helped their image. But so long as they are left alone, they are happy.
The dark dwarves never understood why the original structure of dwarven culture was the way it was, though. The dwarven nobility feared that if power was taken out of the hands of the few who had been trained their whole lives to lead that the beauty and direction of dwarven craftsmanship would fall to ruin. In a sense, they were right.


text:
Wayne Artman (* 24. November 1936; † 9. November 2006 in Beverly Hills, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Tonmeister.

Leben
Artman begann seine Karriere 1973 mit Hall Bartletts Literaturverfilmung Die Möwe Jonathan. Beginnend mit der Woody-Allen-Komödie Der Strohmann bis hin zu Last Boy Scout – Das Ziel ist Überleben arbeitete er ein Vierteljahrhundert mit dem Tonmeister Tom Beckert zusammen, sie wirkten bis 1991 an über 50 gemeinsamen Spielfilmen mit. 1988 waren beide, gemeinsam mit Tom E. Dahl und Art Rochester, für Die Hexen von Eastwick für den Oscar in der Kategorie Bester Ton nominiert.

Ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre verlagerte Artman seinen Arbeitsschwerpunkt zum Fernsehen, wo er an zahlreichen Serien und Fernsehfilmen mitwirkte. Für die Miniserie Frank Sinatra – Der Weg an die Spitze war er 1993 erstmals für den Primetime Emmy nominiert, eine zweite und letzte Nominierung erfolgte 1996 für den Fernsehfilm Die Ehre zu fliegen.

Artman zog sich 2000 aus dem Filmgeschäft zurück und starb 2006 im Alter von 69 in Beverly Hills.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1976: Der Strohmann (The Front)
 1979: Lawinenexpress (Avalanche Express)
 1980: Die blaue Lagune (The Blue Lagoon)
 1981: Ich glaub' mich knutscht ein Elch! (Stripes)
 1982: Conan der Barbar (Conan the Barbarian)
 1984: Conan der Zerstörer (Conan the Destroyer)
 1985: Hilfe, die Amis kommen (National Lampoon's European Vacation)
 1986: Nummer 5 lebt! (Short Circuit)
 1987: Die Hexen von Eastwick (The Witches of Eastwick)
 1988: Genie und Schnauze (Without a Clue)
 1989: Tango und Cash (Tango & Cash)
 1991: Last Boy Scout – Das Ziel ist Überleben (The Last Boy Scout)
 1992: Brennpunkt L.A. – Die Profis sind zurück (Lethal Weapon 3)
 1992: Eiskalte Leidenschaft (Final Analysis)
 1993: Codename: Nina (Point of No Return)

Nominierungen (Auswahl)
 1988: Oscar-Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Ton für Die Hexen von Eastwick

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Tonmeister
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1936
Gestorben 2006
Mann


This leather belt is tan in colour with a rounded metal buckle.
It has tan stitching around the edges and the buckle is secured to the belt with a single metal rivet.
TO FIT WAIST SIZE: 66cm-75cm / 26"-29"
Like this belt, but the size is too big? Consider getting an extra hole made in it..... Do it yourself with a leather hole punch or drill for a neat hole, or alternatively take it to your local shoe repair store where they have all the tools on hand!


Potential damage could occur to the rear LCD screen which could affect performance. For safety purposes, please remove the battery before working with any electronic components.
Using a Philips #00 screwdriver, remove the four 6.2mm from the left and right sides of the outer cover.
Pull the orange connector cable away from the main body of the camera using the tweezers.
Using a Philips #00 screwdriver, remove the three 4.3 mm screws by rotating screwdriver to the left.
Use the Phillips #00 screwdriver to remove the two 3.4 mm screws.
Using blunt tweezers, gently flip the small locking flap of the zero force insertion connector up for both connectors.
Use blunt tweezers to pull the left ribbon connector out of the zero insertion force connector.
Using the same tweezers, pull the right ribbon connector out of the zero insertion force connector.
Slide out the LCD screen by pulling towards the right.
The buttons beside the screen fall out easily. Remember where they were and put them back when finished with the screen.