Today is the day. No more procrastination. No more excuses. No more stuck in who I am so that I forget who you are. Today is the day to be my authentic self so you can shine your authenticity. Today is my day...and yours.
We have been collectively shaken awake. No longer living in a world where everything is okay, we cannot longer afford to be wrapped in the comfortable blanket of our illusions. Wide awake, we notice that while we thought we were wrapped in a comforting blanket; in fact, we have been embedded in the cracks of a shattered window of illusions. Not only is everything not okay, we are pushed from complacency and propelled into the uncertain. Read more.
Rethinking Madness: Psychosis and Spiritual Awakening: Free Webinar, March 22, 11 am PT. Register here.
Charter partner, CRAZYWISE Film in collaboration with Shades of Awakening invites you to a live discussion about how we can bring change to the current paradigm that governs the diagnosis and treatment of severe mental emotional distress.
Over the past 30 years, the broken brain and chemical imbalance theory of "mental illness" has had mixed results at best. While sales of psychoactive pharmaceuticals have increased 8000%, suicide and mental health disability rates in the US have also shot up. It's time we rethink madness. Are there spiritual aspects to mental illness? Is there a relationship between shamanism, spiritual enlightenment and psychosis? Are these just breakdowns, or can they be breakthroughs?
Let's come together to reframe the experience called 'mental illness'. Join host Dabney Alix of Shades of Awakening for a live discussion and Q&A with panelists Gabor Mate, Robert Whitaker, Will Hall, Ekhaya Esima and CRAZYWISE director Phil Borges. It's time to shift the conversation, in our homes, in our hospitals and in our communities.
The 2017 Festival of Faiths, Compassion: Shining like the Sun, will take place April 19 – 22 in Louisville, Kentucky. Don't miss this limited time offer to purchase tickets at a reduced rate! Use the code COMPASSION and receive 25% off all tickets! Offer valid through Sunday, March 12.
We'd like to share with you a typical day in the life of the Charter. We begin by processing between 150 and 300 pieces of e-mail. It is distributed to our lead volunteers in each of our sectors. Mimi Hicklin, our administrative assistant responds to new city and partner registrations and sets up a number of conference calls to have new city applicants meet with Marilyn Turkovich in a future conference call. Mimi, also maintains the events calendar on accessed through our homepage, and posts blogs and articles on our website Conference calls begin with east coast U.S., European and African and Middle East cities and partners start at around 6 am PT and calls to Hong Kong and Australia begin about 5 pm PT. On Thursdays we have our lead volunteer meeting to find out what is happening with our work. We usually sponsor at least up to four webinar and conference calls each week and these are expertly lead by Reed Price. Unfortunately Reed has had to cut back his hours with us, but is still faithfully giving us volunteer hours. We are getting approximately 10 new city campaigns beginning each month and between 20-30 new partners to support our city initiatives. There really is never a dull moment with the Charter. Want to volunteer with us? We need help in so many ways: translating (especially in French and German), folks to help with our new Marketplace, and we need leads in business, arts, environment and education. We are still at only 1.5 employees and in order for the Charter to be fully functioning we need at the very least three people. Are you a member of the Charter? If not, we'd like you to become a member. Membership currently supports 1/3 of our annual budget. If you are a member, please renew your membership or consider making a donation to the Charter.


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Royal visit for The Hague Security Delta
You are here: Home / Latest updates on Resilience / News & Updates from our partners / Royal visit for The Hague Security Delta
King Willem-Alexander pays working visit to The Hague Security Delta
His Majesty King Willem-Alexander made a working visit to The Hague Security Delta (HSD) at The Hague on Thursday, 23 March, where he spoke with representatives involved in HSD and toured the campus to view HSD initiatives.
Recognised as the national innovation centre for safety, the HSD Campus houses 50 of the more than 250 HSD partner organisations working to collaborate on knowledge and innovation in the security field and towards the shared goal of more security and more jobs.
During his visit, King Willem-Alexander had the opportunity to meet with the teams behind four different HSD initiatives. The first was the Cyber Security Academy where students can pursue an Executive Masters in Cyber Security for government and industry. The Academy is a joint initiative between the University of Leiden, Delft and The Hague University and the King spoke with students and professors about the challenges they face—maintaining an adequate supply of qualified teachers, preparing for and anticipating the rapid obsolescence of knowledge in the constantly changing security landscape and maintaining the right balance between privacy and security.
The second initiative saw the King meet SAM, a security robot—developed by Robot Security Systems/Lobeco in collaboration with Trigion, TU Delft and users—which can autonomously supervise. With the assistance of investment by HSD and its partners, SAM has successfully been deployed in the Port of Rotterdam.
The third initiative was the National Cyber Testbed, a research project on finding ways to make society resistant to cyber attacks as 'Smart Cities' and 'The Internet of Things' increase. A joint venture between TNO and HSD in consultation with The Hague and the metropolitan area of Rotterdam, the project focuses on growing vulnerabilities to hacking and ways to eradicate them.
The final initiative King Willem-Alexander met with was Sweetie 2.0 – an advanced chat robot developed by Tracks Inspector, Leiden University and Tilburg University whose artificial intelligence makes it a tool for the prevention of child abuse. Its work is done through the use of webcams
Published: 26 March 2017 by staff Filed Under: News & Updates from our partners Tagged With: Cyber Security, Den Haag, HSD

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sailendra Prasad Talukdar, Born on 10th July, 1948. Graduated from St. Xaviers College, Calcutta with Honours in Chemistry in 1967. Passed L.L.B. from University of Calcutta and joined Judicial Service in 1974. Promoted to Higher Judicial Service in the year 1992. Author of the book "The Legal Miscellany" (1978). Held Enquiry Commission being appointed by the Government of West Bengal. Was Member Secretary, Calcutta Legal Services Committee. Underwent training on "Gender and Law" in Warwick University, Coventry, U.K. Was editor of two journals namely, "Justice and the People" and "Bicharer Bani" (Voice of Justice). Worked in various capacities like District & Sessions Judge, Burdwan; Registrar, High Court, Calcutta; Legal Remembrancer and finally, as Principal Secretary, Judicial Department, Government of West Bengal, before being elevated as Judge of the High Court, Calcutta on 18th of April, 2002.


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Brazil pushes plans for mining on tribal lands to European diplomats
(Reuters News, 10 Jan 2020) European leaders have voiced concerns that President Bolsonaro's policies will increase deforestation and threaten indigenous cultures.
Brazil's government on Friday said it was pushing ahead with plans to allow mining on tribal lands, briefing European diplomats on proposals that have drawn criticism from indigenous advocates in Brazil and overseas.
Mining and Energy Minister Bento Albuquerque told the diplomats that "significant leadership" from native communities had asked for the opportunity to mine on their lands, according to a public statement on the ministry's website.
The initiative is part of President Jair Bolsonaro's push to encourage farming, ranching and mining on tribal reservations, which he has criticized for slowing economic progress. European leaders have voiced concerns that his policies will increase deforestation and threaten indigenous cultures.
"There is a lot of misinformation regarding this issue, so it is important that the international community listen to what the government has to say," said Alexandre Vidigal, secretary for geology and mining at the ministry, in the statement.
The ministry said representatives of France, Sweden, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands and the European Union took part in the meeting on Thursday.
The Indigenous Missionary Council (CIMI), which advocates for native rights in Brazil, has argued against Bolsonaro's plans to open up mining on reservation lands, saying most indigenous groups are opposed. Conflicts between illegal miners and natives have led to bloodshed on both sides in recent years.
Reuters News, 10 Jan 2020: Brazil pushes plans for mining on tribal lands to European diplomats
"The Kyoto Club is an Italian non-profit umbrella organisation"
Kyoto Club


Detailed Description: The SANIPLUS is used to install a complete bathroom. It offers a high level of styling that makes it the ideal conterpiece for a modern bathroom. Build a complete bathroom for residential applications. Vertical pumping up to 15ft and 150ft horizontally. Designed to work with our rear discharge toilet that only uses 1.28 gallons of water per flush.
Have a question about Saniflo 2?


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Jan Kadúch (* 6. Juni 1992) ist ein tschechischer Bahn- und Straßenradrennfahrer.

Karriere
Kadúch wurde 2009 in Bánovce nad Bebravou tschechischer Meister im Einzelzeitfahren der Juniorenklasse. Im nächsten Jahr belegte er bei den nationalen Meisterschaft in Holíč den zweiten Platz hinter dem Sieger Daniel Turek. Außerdem wurde er 2010 Dritter bei der ersten Etappe der Juniorenaustragung der Friedensfahrt. Seit 2011 fährt Kadúch für das tschechische Continental Team ASC Dukla Praha. In seinem ersten Jahr dort belegte er den vierten Platz in der Gesamtwertung bei der Wyscig Szlakiem Bursztynowym.

Erfolge – Straße
2009
  Tschechischer Meister – Einzelzeitfahren (Junioren)

Erfolge – Bahn
2012
  U23-Europameisterin – Scratch
  Tschechischer Meister – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit (Roman Fürst, Ondřej Rybin und Ondřej Vendolský)

2013
  Tschechischer Meister – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit (Ondřej Rybin, František Sisr und Ondřej Vendolský)

Teams
 2011
 2012
 2013
 2014

Weblinks

Radsportler (Tschechien)
Tschechischer Meister (Radsport)
Geboren 1992
Mann
Tscheche

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Cobol dashes are confusing me
Possible Duplicate:
cobol difference with Picture having a dash (-) and a having a X

I'm tying to get to grips with Cobol and can't understand the dashes when formatting a number. I have this example:
--9
Am I correct with the following?
The first dash - If number is a negative put a dash otherwise don't.
the second dash - I'm confused with this. There is already a dash at the start to specify whether its negative or positive.
9 - Numeric digit (0-9)
An example would be good. :S
Thanks

A: from stackoverflow:cobol-difference-with-picture-having-a-dash-and-a-having-a-x

The dash means that if you have a negative number, a dash will be
  shown beside (at the left) of the number. Only one dash will be
  displayed. If the number is positive, a space will shown for every
  dashes.

A: In view of your previous question, Im not sure what you are having trouble with. But lets try again...
In COBOL, numeric display fields may contain various types of "punctuation". This "punctuation" is defined in the items PICTURE clause. A few examples of the type of "punctuation" symbols you can use are: Explicit decimal points, plus/minus signs, CR/DR indicators and thousnads separators (commas in North America). There is a well defined set of rules that determine what type of "punctuation" can occur in the PICTURE clause and where. This link to PICTURE CLAUSE editing explains how to construct (or read) any given PICTURE clause.
One thing that you, and many others new to COBOL, trip up on is that a data definition in COBOL specifies two distinctly different types of information about numeric display data. One is the range of values it may hold and the other is how
that range of values may be displayed. Your example: PICTURE --9 tells me two things about the data item: 1) Values are integers in the range of -99 through to +99, and 2) Displaying this item will take 3 spaces. If the number is positive, spaces will appear before the first non zero digit. If the number is negative a minus sign will appear immediately to the left of the first non zero digit. Consider the following COBOL DISPLAY statement:
 DISPLAY '>' DISP-NBR '<'

IF DISP-NBR has a PICTURE clause of: --9 this is how various values will be displayed.
  0 displays as: >  0<
 -1 displays as: > -1<
-11 displays as: >-11<
 10 displays as: > 10<

Note that all displays take 3 character positions. At least 1 digit will always be displayed (because of the '9' in the PICTURE clause), other than that, no leading zeros are displayed. A minus sign will display only for negative values. The minus sign, if displayed will be to the immediate left of the first displayed digit.
Now to answer you specific question: The total number of character positions needed to display a numeric display data item is determined by the length of the PICTURE. You have a 3 character PICTURE so 3 character positions are needed. When
a sign is specified in the PICTURE, a space is always reserved for it. This is what limits the range of integers to those containing at most 2 digits. The second minus sign indicates 'zero supression'. Zero supression just means not printing leading zeros. Only 1 minus sign is ever printed and it will be to the immediate left of the first displayed digit.
COBOL contains a lot of flexability with respect to displaying numbers. Understanding the numeric display PICTURE clause is key to understanding how this all works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Dangers of Crossing a Strongman
Apr. 18 2008 00:00
The conflict that boiled over this week between Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and a powerful rival clan highlights some troubling logic in the Kremlin's pacification of Chechnya in recent years.
Kadyrov, whom President Vladimir Putin has named a Hero of Russia, seems to be winning a battle of egos with Sulim Yamadayev, another Hero of Russia who, like Kadyrov, is a former rebel who switched sides to fight with federal troops in Chechnya. A grateful Kremlin has rewarded Yamadayev and his two brothers, Ruslan and Badruddi. Sulim Yamadayev was allowed to head up the Defense Ministry's elite Vostok battalion in the republic, while Ruslan Yamadayev was elected to the State Duma in 2003 on the United Russia ticket.
In another apparent sign of gratitude, Badruddi Yamadayev -- who was sentenced to 11 years in prison for attempted murder in 2003 -- was granted an early release under unclear circumstances and somehow allowed to command a platoon in the Vostok battalion, Interfax reported.
Kadyrov, of course, has greater leverage in Moscow than the Yamadayev brothers, who are thought to enjoy the support of top generals distrustful of the Chechen president. He has good relations with both Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.
Kadyrov, therefore, probably feels justified in his decision to unleash his fury on the Yamadayev clan after a convoy of Vostok battalion vehicles refused to yield to his motorcade Monday, resulting in several car collisions.
At least two Vostok soldiers have been killed since the standoff, the Yamadayevs' property has been searched, and Badruddi Yamadayev, who was leading the Vostok convoy, has been hit with charges that could land him in prison for five years.
Chechnya's parliament has demanded that the Defense Ministry expel Sulim Yamadayev from Vostok, which would make all Interior Ministry and Defense Ministry units in the republic manned by ethnic Chechens completely loyal to Kadyrov.
It is unclear what, if any, control the federal government would have in the republic if the local strongman's loyalists are calling the shots in military and police units that technically report to Moscow.
Kadyrov's press service issued a flurry of news releases accusing the Yamadayev brothers of murder, torture, extortion and kidnapping over the course of several years.
One may wonder why Kadyrov, whose own fighters have been accused by human rights activists of similar crimes, waited until now to make allegations against the Yamadayevs. A Kadyrov aide shed some light on the possible reasoning behind the delay. The Yamadayevs have been trying to oust Kadyrov, and the fender-bender became "the last straw," the aide told The Moscow Times.
The implicit, disturbing logic is that local commandos are free to kill, torture and kidnap people in Chechnya -- as long as they don't cross Kadyrov.


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The State-By-State Well-Being Survey Is Bad News for the South
In a state-by-state survey of well-being in the United States for 2013 by Gallup and Healthways, the South as a whole isn't looking too great.
Matt BermanNational Journal
Have you been thinking about packing up the family and shipping out to sunny West Virginia? Despite the recent chemical spill, which briefly shut down the water supply for 300,000 residents and ratcheted up extreme pessimism, do you figure the state may still be worth a shot?
A new survey out Thursday should give you pause.
In a state-by-state survey of well-being in the United States for 2013 by Gallup and Healthways, West Virginia comes in a distant last place. The Well-Being Index is ranked using a 0-100 scale for six sub-indexes: life evaluation, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviors, and basic access. West Virginia came in last place for every sub-index aside from work environment, where it came in 14th.
West Virginia is virtually without peers in relative misery. The state has ranked dead last in well-being since 2009. But before that—in 2008, when the first survey was taken—it was second to last, beat out only by Mississippi.
(Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index)
The South as a whole isn't looking too great, either. Here's a map split into five quintiles of well-being. Green states are the top, blue the second group, yellow the third, orange the fourth, and red the bottom.
The best place to live in the U.S. to attain maximum well-being? One of the Dakotas. North Dakota, with the nation's lowest unemployment rate at just 2.6 percent, leads the country in well-being, edging out South Dakota. Both states pushed past 2012's champion, Hawaii, to take the top spots for 2013.
So if you're already living in West Virginia, don't despair! There's always room for you in North Dakota.
Matt Berman is a former online editor at National Journal.


I am putting together some work for a project via PBSnet. More info to come. Basically, it's a website that gives me my own little forum to post articles providing information to help you all help yourselves. Each post will offer some new wisdom or insight into knowledge most people aren't aware of, but become aware of after they read the article. I am still working on the name my section,…I am thinking something like "Daily Enlightenment with Simon." I will be researching and finding out valuable information that I think you all should be aware of, and then posting it in my column. Kind of like what I do here, except it will be a website with other people's work as well. I'll be sure to provide all links as they come. This project is just beginning to get underway so be looking forward to more coming in the not-so-distant future. Thanks for reading and I'm looking forward to sharing this new forum with all of you. Wide eyes opn. Love to all.
Click this link and you can talk to an A.I. bot. The novelty wears off quick, it did for me anyway, but check it out nonetheless. Apparently there are several bot sites like this, all beta testing it would appear for A.I. intelligence platforms. Here's the link… CLICK HERE>>> http://www.existor.com/ Enjoy. Love to all.


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Subsidized Gulf carrier competition forces Delta to cancel ATL-Dubai
By Kate Modolo • posted Oct. 28, 2015 10:00 am
Updated on Nov. 2, 2015
Delta will no longer fly between Atlanta and Dubai effective Feb. 11, 2016. The announcement comes amid overcapacity on U.S. routes to the Middle East operated by government-owned and heavily subsidized airlines, and less than a month after Delta reduced service between the world's busiest airport and the Middle East's largest hub.
The 777 aircraft used to operate ATL-DXB will be redeployed to other Trans-Atlantic markets where it can compete on a level playing field that's not distorted by subsidized state-owned airlines.
Between 2008 and 2014, about 11,000 daily seats were added between the U.S. and Dubai, Doha, and Abu Dhabi – more than 95 percent of which are flown by Gulf carriers Emirates, Qatar and Etihad airlines. Of the 14 daily flights between the U.S. and Dubai, only two are operated by U.S. carriers. Despite the increase in passengers traveling on these flights, the number whose journeys actually originate or end in the Gulf has essentially remained flat.
Delta, along with American and United through the Partnership for Open & Fair Skies have asked the U.S. government to open consultations with Qatar and the UAE to address the issue of $42 billion in government subsidies given to the Gulf carriers, which violate the Open Skies agreements between the U.S. and those nations. In August, the Partnership submitted a nearly 400-page document to the U.S. government clearly outlining the harm subsidized Gulf carriers are doing to U.S. airlines. The request to open consultations has broad support from government officials, mayors, community leaders and airline employees.
Related: Gulf carriers have distorted playing field, Delta executive says in interview.
Between 2008 and 2014, about 11,000 daily seats were added between the U.S. and Dubai, Doha and Abu Dhabi – more than 95 percent of which are flown by Gulf carriers.
Gulf Carriers
Targeting the U.S.
U.S. Sen. David Perdue selfie with Delta team during fly-in
Massive subsidies threaten "Open Skies"


100% natural & 100% aluminum free. No Streaks!
The importance of natural deodorant!
Nature Glide Anti-bacterial Deodorant Oil is a porous all-natural liquid that blocks unwanted body odor using only 100% all-natural non-toxic ingredients. Traditional toxic deodorant products contain aluminum compounds that act as a plug within the sweat ducts and temporarily stops the flow of sweat and can be absorbed by your skin. Nature Glide uses natural anti-bacterial ingredients that lay on the surface of the skin, naturally breaking down odor causing bacterial and then fades away during the body's daily activities. The scientifically designed anti-bacterial conduit also conditions the your skin.
Because of heavy unhealthy chemicals and the ability for the body to absorb these chemicals, most retail deodorants can last days without re-application, even after a shower. This is not natural, sanitary, or healthy. A natural deodorant needs to be applied daily and during hot or balmy days may need to be applied twice daily. We have become so accustomed to the effects of the heavy chemicals in most retail deodorants that we do not even realize the severe harm we are causing ourselves, and passing on to our children. Not to mention the damage caused by drainage water from our showers that continues to carry and recycle these heavy chemicals throughout our water systems.
Parabens are a very common ingredient that are found in everyday cosmetic products and your deodorant as well. You may have seen "paraben free" labels, and it's a good thing. So why is everyone so down on parabens after it has been used for nearly 70 years? Since 2004, studies found evidence linking parabens to breast cancer. They are said to disturb the body's hormonal balance and to mimic estrogen, as estrogen is said to play a part in breast cancer formation.
Aluminum compounds within deodorants act as a plug within the sweat ducts and temporarily stops the flow of sweat. However, these compounds can be absorbed by your skin. Just as the parabens, these compounds can mimic estrogen, which promotes growth of breast cancer cells.
Silica is a known skin irritant, it may also be contaminated with crystalline quartz which is a carcinogen (capable of causing cancer).
Triclosan is another ingredient that can irritate your skin and cause contact dermatitis. Your body contains good as well as bad bacteria, but triclosan kills both. The FDA classifies triclosan as a pesticide, while the IARC has it listed as a possible carcinogen.
The IARC claims that if talc contains asbestiform fibers, then it is considered a carcinogen. The quantity of asbestiform fibers in popular commercial deodorants is unclear as it is not regulated in cosmetic products.
Propylene glycol is another common ingredient with health hazards. It may cause delayed allergic reactions, and is considered a neurotoxin, which may cause kidney and liver damage.
The "n" stands for a number. So the label may say, for example, steareth-1. It is actually derived from vegetables, but it is reacted with a known carcinogen, ethylene oxide.


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Se denomina ave híbrida, ave mixta, ave mestiza—en cruces intraespecíficos—  o mulo—en casos estériles—, al ejemplar o población producida por el cruzamiento de dos taxones de la clase aviar.

Generalidades

Mayormente se trata de hibridaciones entre dos especies de aves distintas, pero el término es aplicable también a la cruza entre dos subespecies de una misma especie de ave. En los casos de cruces interespecíficos, por lo común ocurren entre dos especies del mismo género, sin embargo, se han acumulado numerosos casos de híbridos aviares intergenéricos.

Fenotípicamente, el ave heterocigota resultante puede parecerse a cualquiera de sus taxones parentales o, por lo común, exhibir una apariencia con variables niveles de mixtura entre ambos.
En cuanto a su fertilidad, el resultado puede dar individuos fértiles, infértiles y semifértiles. Todos los híbridos aviares de taxones intraespecíficos (trinominales) producen descendencia fértil. Para los casos de cruces interespecíficos o intergenéricos el resultado dependerá de cuáles son los taxones intervinientes, del concepto de especie utilizado para definirlas, etc. La posibilidad de infertilidad estará condicionada por la proximidad genética de los parentales, su semejanza en el número de cromosomas, su sexo (mayor fertilidad en el homogamético —aves machos—), diferencias en el pH del esperma frente al del oviducto de la hembra, compatibilidad en la formación del cigoto, sobrevida del embrión, etc.

Híbridos de aves en la naturaleza

Los híbridos aviares pueden darse en la naturaleza de manera completamente natural, como sucede con el pato y el tero. Excepcionalmente, ejemplares de especies de aves que viven en simpatría, pero reproductivamente aisladas entre sí, llegan a formar parejas mixtas que producen descendencia híbrida.

Otro caso de hibridación natural de aves ocurre cuando una pareja o bandada de una especie se aleja de su distribución natural y se instala en la geonemia de otra, la que es abundante allí. En estos casos ocurre la absorción del ave migrante por la residente. Un ejemplo de este tipo es el ocurrido con la población atlántica del cormorán guanay (Leucocarbo bougainvillii), la que terminó siendo absorbida por emparejamientos mixtos con el cormorán imperial (Leucocarbo atriceps).

Frecuentemente, aves híbridas han sido descritas como especies muy raras, hasta que, tiempo después, se demuestra que su rareza es el resultado de su origen híbrido. Un caso de este tipo es el faisán imperial (Lophura imperialis), el cual en realidad es un ocasional híbrido entre el faisán de Edwards (Lophura edwardsi) y una de las subespecies del faisán plateado (Lophura nycthemera annamensis).

Un ejemplo similar es el del gorrión italiano (Passer italiae), en el año 2011 un análisis genético demostró que tiene un origen híbrido, por la cruza del gorrión común (Passer domesticus) con el gorrión moruno (Passer hispaniolensis).

También pueden presentarse casos de aves híbridas como resultado directo de acciones antrópicas. Por ejemplo, cuando, consecuencia del desarrollo humano, se elimina una barrera natural que impedía el flujo genético entre dos especies o, de otro modo, con la creación involuntaria de "puentes" biológicos que permiten el avance poblacional de uno o ambos taxones y el contacto entre ellos. Un caso de este tipo es el ocurrido luego de la masiva desforestación del bosque chaqueño y de la selva atlántica en el centro y este de Brasil, Paraguay y el norte de la Argentina, trasformando áreas forestales en paisajes abiertos, permitiendo que las poblaciones de dos taxones alopátricos estrechamente relacionados (forman una superespecie) de pájaros carpinteros campestres, los que naturalmente habitaban en áreas abiertas ubicadas al norte y sur (Colaptes campestris y C. campestroides, respectivamente), expandieran sus poblaciones y produjesen una ancha franja territorial de contacto donde los ejemplares híbridos son los dominantes.

Otro origen artificial que puede dar como resultado que se produzcan híbridos de aves en la naturaleza es la liberación de ejemplares de un taxón en el área geográfica de otro, tanto de forma premeditada como por producto de fugas. Un ejemplo de hibridación de este tipo ocurre en anátidos, siendo la principal causa del riesgo de extinción en Europa de la población occidental de la malvasía cabeciblanca (Oxyura leucocephala) al hibridar fácilmente con la introducida desde América malvasía canela (Oxyura jamaicensis), dando poblaciones intermedias y una homogeneización de la diversidad biológica.

La hibridación en especies de aves playeras es inusual, pero se han registrado numerosos casos de este tipo, por ejemplo, el correlimos de Cox (Calidris × paramelanotos), un híbrido entre el correlimos pectoral (Calidris melanotos) y el correlimos zarapitín (Calidris ferruginea).

Híbridos de aves en cautividad

En aves de ornato

En cautiverio, es frecuente la hibridación de aves ornamentales. En aves cantoras, el objetivo suele ser el conseguir un ejemplar con características vocales superiores o rasgos cromáticos o morfológicos novedosos. Son ejemplos, las cruzas de canario (Serinus canaria domestica) con cabecita negra (Carduelis magellanica), con jilguero europeo (Carduelis carduelis), con verderón común (Chloris chloris), con lugano (Spinus spinus), pardillo común (Linaria cannabina), etc., así como cruces entre ellos.

En otros casos se pretende que genes de una especie de ave, los cuales permiten expresar un determinado color, sean incorporados a otra especie que carece de dicho color, fijándolos luego por retrocruzamiento (introgresión) en el acervo génico de la especie que carecía de ellos. Este es el caso de la manera en que originalmente se han conseguido los plumajes con tonalidades rojas en las variedades del canario doméstico que poseen dicho factor, cruzando ejemplares de canarios comunes con ejemplares del cardenalito de Venezuela (Carduelis cucullata), el que posee de manera natural un plumaje de tonos rojizos y tiene la facultad de transmitir genéticamente las enzimas biocatalizadoras que producen ese color por asimilación de los carotenoides incorporados en la alimentación.

Al hibridar aves ornamentales se logran especímenes de fenotipos novedosos, con formas y colores atípicos, los que luego son bautizados con un nombre original y mantenidos como líneas independientes, a la manera de especies plenas. Esto es muy frecuente en el caso de los grandes psitaciformes del género Ara, en los cuales se practica un intenso cruzamiento, lo que genera combinaciones cromáticas muy variadas, dado lo contrastante de los colores del plumaje de cada especie.

De manera similar ocurre con la mayoría de las especies de gallináceas criadas en cautividad, dando cruces curiosos, incluso entre distintas tribus y hasta familias taxonómicas, entre los que participaron gallinas domésticas, gallinas de Guinea (Numida meleagris), faisanes, pavos domésticos y reales, crácidos, etc.

En aves productivas

En aves producidas comercialmente para aprovechar sus huevos o partes de su cuerpo (carne, plumas, etc.) se recurre habitualmente a la hibridación de líneas, con el objetivo de obtener individuos con ventajas superlativas. Este es el caso de la producción de huevos o de pollos.

Los pollos híbridos criados en todo el mundo para el consumo de su carne son mayoritariamente de la variedad broiler o ''Rock-Cornish'', en referencia al cruce entre el pollo macho Cornish' y la hembra Barred Rock.

La propia gallina doméstica también tendría un origen híbrido entre el gallo bankiva (Gallus gallus) y un aporte menor del gallo gris (Gallus sonneratii).

Un ejemplo interesante es el caso del mulard, un estéril pato doméstico híbrido intergenérico producto de la cruza entre el pato común doméstico (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) y el pato criollo doméstico (Cairina moschata domestica).

La investigación sobre la hibridación en las aves

Se ha constatado casos de hibridación en el medio silvestre en alrededor del 16 % de todas las especies de aves del mundo; la cifra se eleva al 22 % si se le añaden las especies con registros de híbridos solo en cautividad.

El ''Proyecto de Híbridos Aviares'' reúne la abundante literatura científica que se ha producido durante siglos sobre la hibridación en aves.

Dependiendo del concepto de especie que se escoja como el más adecuado para aplicar en aves, la ocurrencia o no de hibridación puede ser una variable clave para determinar la jerarquía taxonómica que le corresponde a una población aviar determinada, si merece la calificación de especie independiente respecto de otra. Bajo los conceptos filogenético y evolutivo de especie, su valor es relativo, siendo elevado en el caso del concepto biológico de especie.

Véase también
 Biotecnología
 Ingeniería genética
 Mutagénesis
 Psittacula intermedia
 Quimerismo

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Imágenes de distintos híbridos de Galliformes
 Imágenes de distintos híbridos de Aves de granja


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text:
Shalyah Fearing Sings Miley Cyrus On 'The Voice' & Makes Fans Everywhere Proud
By Marenah Dobin
The Voice's Shalyah Fearing is impressive, to say the least. She is the youngest in the whole competition at age 16 and she is repping Team Adam very well. Even so, she has built a reputation for her skill as a gospel singer. But, on Monday, she stepped out of her wheel house and shined. Voice star Shalyah Fearing sang a cover of Miley Cyrus' "The Climb," and it was the perfect metaphor for her journey in this competition. Oh, and she totally slayed the performance and showed everyone how diverse her singing talent really is.
Before the performance aired, Shalyah's coach Adam Levine explained that this song was a great choice for Shalyah and demonstrated that she can excel with a variety of songs. Levine said, "Miley would be proud of Shalyah. She's really showing that she can do anything and that's an important skill." Then when talking about how the meaning of the song related to Shalyah's climb to be a successful singer, Levine said, "The emotion is there. I feel what you're singing. This is going to be a big moment for you." And, he was so right.
Christina Aguilera said the song "had a great story" and was "so ironic to everything [she] was going through." She also mentioned that it was "nice to hear something different from the gospel choices [she] has done."
Pharrell chimed in, saying, "You didn't do what you've done in the gospel world, but you could still feel the gospel in you. And, you could feel that this was aspirational for you." And he said that "a lot of girls [her] age could relate to that performance."
Levine continued with the praise, saying, "I love you. You're amazing." And, fans pretty much all agree. Shalyah is really living the dream as the youngest person in the competition and is holding her own while impressing us all.
Image: Tyler Golden/NBC


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Arizona State University Learns About Marine Corps Leadership
by U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Justin Boling - September 28, 2015
The Marine Corps Leadership Seminar came to Arizona State University, Sept. 11, 2015.
The Seminar was an event supporting Marine Week Phoenix, which aims to connect the Corps with the people of the greater Phoenix area.
A team completes a leadership exercise during a Marine Corps Leadership Seminar at Arizona State University at Tempe, Ariz., Sept. 11, 2015. The seminar was an event supporting Marine Week Phoenix, which aims to connect the Corps with the people of Arizona. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Justin Boling)
"Gen. Joeseph Dunford, while serving as the assistant commandant of the Marine Corps, tasked me to create a program to speak to universities," said Dr. Kenneth D. Dunn, the director of the seminar and retired Marine Corps colonel. "The mission is to educate universities about the Marine Corps by sharing Marine Corps leadership principles with students and key influencers around campus."
The seminar has visited 35 schools sharing leadership with more than 800 students and 1,100 influencers, such as teachers, coaches and members of the local community.
"The leadership seminar goes back to the design of this universities charter," said Navy Capt. Steven Borden (Ret), the director of the Pat Tillman Veterans Center." Our military community is important and their inclusion is important to the University."
Some topics discussed included: Defining leadership, decision making, command presence, leading subordinates, communication and the importance of delegation.
"This type of information is invaluable to students." Borden said. "The sharing of this knowledge leads to the success of all, who make up or university."
Participants were split into teams to conduct leadership and team building challenges. The challenges allowed teams to use concepts they learned in the earlier class.
Capt. Jordan Harris, a Marine Corps Leadership Seminar instructor, speaks to two Marine Corps veterans during a seminar at Arizona State University at Tempe, Ariz., Sept. 11, 2015. The seminar was an event supporting Marine Week Phoenix, which aims to connect the Corps with the people of Arizona. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Justin Boling)
"The leadership seminar is like planting seeds and the fruit it bears are meaningful relationships," said Col. Mark Hollahan, branch head of Equal Opportunity and Diversity Branch, USMC Manpower and Reserve Affairs." Those who attend learn valuable skills and we get to educate them about the Marine Corps."
The guest speaker was ASU alumni and Marine Corps Leader, Brig. Gen. Daniel Yoo, the commanding general of 1st Marine Division.
"It has been 30 years since I left ASU," Yoo said. "It was the foundation of my career."
Yoo spoke of the two things he learned at the university, which led to success: The importance of education, which led him to constantly seek self-improvement through both military and academic education, and that initiative is critical to maximize opportunities.
"My [officer selection officer] was a very inspiring person," Yoo said. "He told me when I was conflicted about joining or pursuing a graduate degree, higher education is important, but learning leadership and gaining experience is invaluable.
"Something about Marine Corps leadership really sets you apart."
Leadership is the strength of the Corps. Marine Week Phoenix helps people understand all of the capabilities these leaders can bring to the fight.
By U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Justin Boling
The U.S. Marines | Comment on this article


text:
Fish Myths
By Dr. Phil MaffetoneDecember 8, 2020Nutrition
Salmon is very popular due to high levels of omega-3 fats, right? And who has never eaten a tuna salad sandwich in their life? But what real nutrients remain in fish and other seafood by the time we eat them … and is this food still safe?
In our nutritional worldview fish is a virtually unimpeachable protein source. But is this really the case?
Many of us were introduced to fish as a Friday tradition. And who can forget the breaded and deep-fried fish sticks that were standard in school lunch programs? Still others have been turned off to fish from having it served up overcooked to a fibrous cardboard texture that makes it difficult to swallow.
Can it get any more disgusting?
Still, most health-conscious people have been conditioned to believe in fish as a healthy animal protein option. But there are many things to consider before eating the "catch of the day."
Many people choose fish because of the healthy fats, right? Well, not so fast there, Charley Tuna. While fish industry claims that wild fish and other seafood, frozen or cooked, causes minimal loss of the health-protective omega-3 fatty acids, this may be far from the truth. The science shows that once a fish leaves the water, sometimes weeks or months by the time we eat it, these vital fats quickly degrade, with little of these unstable omega-3 fats remaining.
The specific fats we're referring to are the famous polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA. While both work closely together, sometimes converting to the other as needs change, especially in the brain, they are quite unstable compared to their cousins, the monounsaturated and saturated fats, also found in fish — and which are not damaged by air, light or temperature.
However, omega-3 oils are not stable to heat, oxygen (air) and light during processing, storage or cooking. Researchers found that up to 85 percent of the EPA-DHA omega-3s were destroyed in the frying process, with canning and microwaving destroying high amounts too. Light cooking destroyed the least EPA and DHA, with raw fish having the highest amounts depending upon their freshness.
While most wild seafood contains some omega-3 fats, herring, sardines, anchovy, and mackerel are among the highest sources, However, these four omega-friendly fish are also the least liked and consumed compared to salmon and tuna.
Salmon, with more than a decade of heavy healthy marketing, and tuna (a favorite for generations as the standby sandwich), may be the most popular fish. However, shrimp, a crustacean, is more popular than both fish.
Like other foods, smoking is one of the oldest ways to preserve fish. It is a process of using salt and smoke components. As popular as smoked fish may be, this process also destroys a significant portion of omega-3 fat.
Cook It?
How much can you cook fish before the valuable omega-3 fats and proteins are destroyed? In short, if you smell your fish cooking you may have crossed the line to overcooking, with a significant loss of EPA. That's because the membranes break down even at moderate temperatures, leaking out the oil and damaging those precious fats.
Cooking temperatures and their effects
122°F (50°C): The protein myosin in meat begins to denature
131°F (55°C): Highest survival temps for harmful food-borne bacteria
132°F (56°C): Optimal cooking temps for meat
140°F (60°C): Upper limit of fish doneness.
150°F (65°C): The protein actin in meat begins to denature
While we know fish is high in protein, much of it may be damaged during cooking. Protein is denatured between 120–160°F (49–71°C). Denaturing is a disruption of the protein by higher temperatures, and in addition to affecting its nutritional value it also can significantly influence taste and texture.
While it may be best to use a thermometer to ensure food safety and avoid overcooking, experience really matters in finding this optimal window of doneness. Remember, you can taste it to see if it is properly cooked before serving. You can always cook it more as necessary — but you cannot un-cook fish if you leave on the heat too long.
Fish Safety
Of course, our oceans and other waterways have excess levels of toxic pollutants which find their way into the fish and other living things. The longstanding recommendation that women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant or are breast-feeding, and young children, should avoid eating fish due to the risk of mercury contamination should be concerning to everyone. There are also suggestions that other types of fish be eaten in limited amounts. For example, larger species like tilefish, swordfish and king mackerel live longer, so these fish accumulate more toxins over their lifetimes. Medium-sized fish like blue-finned tuna that also live in the oceans, being safer.
Smaller fish and other seafood that live near the shores and scavenger species, sometimes called bottom feeders, are more-susceptible to ingesting a wide range of pollutants that are toxic to humans. Shellfish in particular can be high in pollutants. From medicines and motor oil to fertilizers and microbes, from run-offs, spillage and other sources (legal or not), find their way into our waterways, they may consumed by near-shore sea animals. (These animals may also be eaten by larger animals who then accumulate their toxins.)
Another potential issue with fish is parasites and bacteria. These are two primary dangers when eating uncooked fish, and a reason to cook them at 131-140°F (60°C) to destroy that danger. In addition, freezing fish at temps of at least –4°F (–20°C) can destroy most, but not all, parasites, although not bacteria. This is a key reason most "fresh" fish sold in retail stores and served in restaurants, including sushi, has actually been frozen. Many of these fish are put into deep freeze right from the time they are caught.
Better options
Many people know there are many healthier options available for quality protein foods, such as organic eggs, cheese and meats. And for EPA-DHA, there are fish oil capsules (modern manufacturing makes it possible to distill out most harmful contaminants). Natural antioxidants such as vitamin E and rosemary extract, help protect omega-3 fish oil liquid supplements from degrading. While these liquid fish oil products last longer refrigerated, we should avoid refrigerating fish oil capsules as the cold temperatures can allow air to leak inside and can begin destroying some of the omega-3s.
Obtaining relatively fresh seafood (that's been fresh-frozen), from a trusted source, and cooking it very lightly, while avoiding farmed fish, are the healthy choices when choosing fish. I'm less concerned that the heat destroys some of the EPA-DHA as I personally take fish oil concentrates to maintain my omega-3 levels.
Hădărugă DI, et al. Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2016; 12. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.12.20.
Bienkiewicz G, et al. Changes in the EPA and DHA content and lipids quality parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) at individual stages of hot smoking. Heliyon. 2019;5(12):e02964. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02964.
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/cooking-for-geeks/9781449389543/ch04.html
CookingFishFish MythOmega-3Protein


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text:
May 18, 2018 / 9:58 AM / a year ago
Leading Hong Kong independence activist convicted of rioting, sentencing to come
Venus Wu
HONG KONG (Reuters) - A Hong Kong court on Friday found a prominent independence activist in the Chinese-ruled territory guilty of rioting, a verdict that could see him put behind bars for up to 12 years.
FILE PHOTO: Edward Leung, a candidate from the Hong Kong Indigenous, chants slogans on the podium before the final poll result is announced in Hong Kong, China February 29, 2016. REUTERS/Bobby Yip/File Photo
The closely watched case concerned an overnight protest in 2016 that turned violent, injuring about 130 people, mostly police, when masked activists threw bricks and burned trash cans to vent anger at what they saw as China's encroachment on the former British colony's culture and autonomy.
The prosecution argued that Edward Leung played a leading role in inciting what it called a riot, but Leung said he was only trying to support hawkers selling street food and protect people on the scene when police used force.
Leung's lawyer, Edwin Choy, said he was unhappy with the verdict but had not discussed an appeal.
"He should be cleared of the charge (of rioting)," Choy said. "His speech and action ... did not amount to a breach of peace."
The jury, after about 25 hours of deliberation, cleared him of inciting a riot and failed to reach a decision on another rioting charge. Each rioting charge carries a maximum term of 10 years.
He had earlier pleaded guilty to one charge of assaulting a police officer, which carries a maximum sentence of two years.
Sitting in the dock, Leung, 26, tilted his head back, closed his eyes and smiled when he was cleared of the incitement charge. Cheers erupted from a crowd of at least 50 people watching the trial streamed live outside of the courtroom.
Leung later appeared glassy-eyed and wiped his eyes, but kept his smile as he was remanded in custody.
Another defendant, Lo Kin-man, who was also found guilty of rioting, cried uncontrollably. Three other defendants also cried after they were cleared of all charges.
A hearing on mitigation for the pair has been set for Monday before the court decides on a date for sentencing.
LAW "IN NEED OF REFORM"
Hong Kong law defines a riot as an unlawful assembly of three or more people where any person "commits a breach of the peace".
This offence, which carries a maximum penalty of 10 years behind bars, was last amended in 1970, a few years after a months-long pro-Communist riot against British rule killed at least 50 people, including children.
British-based NGO Hong Kong Watch said the law was "urgently in need of reform because it is being used to disproportionately punish political protesters in Hong Kong".
Hong Kong reverted to Chinese rule in 1997 under a "one country, two systems" arrangement that promises it a high degree of autonomy and freedoms not enjoyed in mainland China, including an independent judiciary.
Leung was a leader of Hong Kong Indigenous, a political group that organizes anti-China protests and advocates "localism", promoting a local Hong Kong identity instead of a Chinese one.
Another leader of the group, Ray Wong, was also charged with rioting, but he had skipped town.
Leung's rise and fall echo the ebbs and flows of the city's radical youth activism following the pro-democracy "Umbrella Movement" protests in 2014 that saw major roads occupied for months.
He also supported and promoted Hong Kong independence and Friday's verdict is likely to deal a further blow to the movement that has lost much of its steam amid a series of court cases fought by activists and lost.
Communist Party leaders in Beijing have repeatedly slammed calls for independence, fearful of the idea catching on in the mainland. President Xi Jinping warned last year that any attempt to endanger China's sovereignty would be an act that crosses a "red line".
Only 3 percent of some 1,300 university students polled in March supported Hong Kong independence, while about 12 percent backed "localism", according to a survey conducted by the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Most students, over 50 percent of them, said they did not have any political leaning.
A different study conducted by the university in 2016 showed that one in six people, or 17 percent, supported independence, while 58 percent opposed it. The poll surveyed about 1,000 people over 15.
Reporting by Venus Wu; Editing by James Pomfret and Nick Macfie


We have reached a milestone this week: congratulations to Lodder on 500 answers!
Congratulations also to johanpw and FFrewin on ~ 300 answers each.
Oh gawd....I need to get a life lol.
Well done to all others who have contributed, be it a large or small amount. Every little helps, in making JSE a better and more informative place.
Congratulations indeed. I can personally say that I've been helped (both directly and indirectly) by all three of these good folk. So thank you all.
Congratulations and thank you for your amazing contribution to the community, this certainly inspires more people to contribute, which was exactly my case.
Do we need to use the exclamation mark each time we refer to Joomla?
A new Joomla service - Site building on www.joomla.com.
How to judge a new question: flagging, vote to close, editing?
Do you also think that JSE members should vote more often?
Why disallow some review queues when daily vote max is reached?


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text:
How Much Can Your Learn from Your Relative's Obituary?
A well-written obituary can tell you so much about a relative's descendants.
I am in awe of professional genealogists like Megan Smolenyak. She finds the living descendants of long-lost military servicemen so their remains can be returned to the family.
Living descendants are hard to find! Let's say you're looking at a family in the 1940 U.S. Census with lots of little children. Unless the boys' names are very unusual, how can you be sure where they are today? And what about the girls? How can you find them if they married? What are their names now?
The only tool I have—one that can be incredibly helpful—is a long, detailed obituary.
Do you know how many names and facts you can learn from a well-written obituary?
Imagine the deceased is your mother's third cousin. You don't know what became of her, who she married or who her kids are. Let's take a closer look at everything there is to learn from a detailed obituary.
The following is a real obituary. I've changed every single name and place to protect the family's identities. The obituary text is in black and my notes are in reddish brown.
Let's examine this obituary and put together a family tree based on the facts presented.
Joan G. Ericson Logan passed away on December 13, 2018 at the age of 96. [Ericson is her maiden name; Logan is her married name.] She was the oldest of seven children born to the late Howard B. and Grace Ann Ericson on April 15, 1922 in Jefferson City, MO. [That's a packed sentence! We have Joan's birth date and place, her parents' names, but not her mother's maiden name, and the facts that she has 6 younger siblings. We know her father is dead, but it doesn't specifically say her mother is dead, although that may be what was meant.]
Joan graduated from Jefferson City High School. She received her B.S. degree in Education from Logan State College. Then attained further studies at Indiana University, majoring in school librarianship. [We now have the names of 3 schools where Joan may be found in yearbooks, school newspapers, or other records.] Joan's teaching career, which included English, band, choir and elementary school librarian, spanned over 33 years in the State of Missouri. After retiring from the Logan Public School System, she went on to become a 9-year volunteer in the Ashcroft College Library System where she received the Volunteer of the Year Award in 2003. [We know where she was working, geographically. As a volunteer, we may expect to find her in several local newspaper articles. There was almost certainly a 2003 newspaper article about her being named Volunteer of the Year.]
Joan united with Mr. Anthony Mark Nelson, Sr. and to this union [Were they married? This seems like an unusual way to say it.], one son was born, Anthony Mark Nelson, Jr. (deceased). [We can look for an obituary for Anthony Mark Nelson, Jr. some time before Joan's death.] Anthony, Jr. married Darlene Stanton, a high school classmate and to this union, 3 children were born. [This time it says they were married, even though it's using that "union" word again. Knowing his wife's name, we can look for a marriage announcement.]
Subsequently, Joan met and married Mr. James Emery Logan, Sr. while students at Logan State College. To this union [See what I mean? This time it does say they were married.], one son was born James, Jr. He married Angela Marie Thompson and to this union 4 children were born. [Here's another marriage announcement to look for.]
Joan was a lifelong member of the United Methodist Church in Jefferson City. She served as the church pianist, organist, coordinator of the annual Christmas and Easter presentations. She was especially proud when James, Jr. was ordained as a United Methodist Elder. [Between Joan's extraordinary involvement and her son being an elder, this church definitely has information to offer about this family. Church newsletters and other publications could be very helpful to telling this family's history.]
Joan was preceded in death by her siblings, Henry, Howard, Andrew and Anthony Ericson. [We've already learned that these siblings were younger than Joan, but we now know we can look for their death records.] She leaves behind to cherish her memory two siblings Anna Elena Worthington [Anna Elena may be widowed or divorced since she has a different last name, but no husband's name is given.] and William (Irene) Ericson [William is Joan's brother and Irene is his wife. While it seems odd, this is how it's done. The spouse who is not the blood relative is mentioned in parenthesis.]; a son, James Emery Logan, Jr. (Elaine), grandchildren: Fred Nelson [the Nelson grandchildren should belong to Joan's first son Anthony Mark Nelson, Jr. and his wife Darlene Stanton.], Edgar (Maryann) Nelson and Victoria Nelson, James Emery Logan, III (Colleen), Valerie T. Simpson (Tyler) [Valerie was a Logan, and this tells us she married Tyler Simpson.], Christian F. Logan (Elizabeth) and Jacklyn Logan, 12 great grandchildren, 1 great great grandchild and a host of nieces and nephews.
That was a LOT of information. We can build a family tree from this information, plugging in the facts we have. We'll make some guesses for birth years. My rule of thumb is to estimate that a husband and wife are about the same age, they had their first child at age 25, and the children were born 3 years apart. An estimation like this will put your people's ages in the right ballpark. Your research will be a little easier when you have a rough idea of their ages.
Now, with a basic tree, we can search for all these names and find hard facts.
This tree is made entirely from information in the obituary.
If Joan were your distant cousin, how happy would you be right now?
When the day comes that you're asked to write an obituary for a loved one, like your parent, how many genealogy clues will you include for future generations to discover? Don't skimp on the details.
Maybe it's time to let your immediate family know what you'd like your obituary to say.
And speaking of clues:
1925 Death Photo Holds a Clue to My Ancestor's Life
How to Avoid Going Down Wrong Path
4 Key Places to Discover Your Ancestor's Hometown
Posted by DiAnn Iamarino at 6:17 AM
It's Time to Make Your Family Tree Clear and Consi...
Gearing Up for All Your New DNA Matches
Which Global Map is Best for Genealogists?
How to Make Custom Family Trees for the Holidays
How Much Can Your Learn from Your Relative's Obitu...
3 Tricks for Better Genealogy Search Results
3 Ways to Prove Your Family Tree is Correct
Closing the Book on One Family at a Time


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text:
Obama Helped STONEWALL Mortgage Reform
One of McCains biggest mistakes in the first two debates has been explaining his history of trying to fix Fannie and Freddie. Obama keeps saying that McCain believed in Deregulation and generally that is true. However, in the case of Mortgage Reform McCain has been a leader.
On the other hand, in Senator Obama's first year in the US Senate there was a strong mortgage reform that made it out of the house of the Senate Banking committee, the Republicans couldn't bring it on to the floor because of a Democratic Filibuster. SENATOR OBAMA SAT ON HIS HANDS and did not lift a finger to help end the filibuster, nor did any democratic senator:
Obama Voted 'Present' on Mortgage Reform
The only banking 'deregulation' in recent years was that of Fan and Fred.
By PETER J. WALLISON
In each of the first two presidential debates, Barack Obama claimed that "Republican deregulation" is responsible for the financial crisis. Most viewers probably accepted this idea, especially because Republicans generally do favor deregulation.
But one essential fact was missing from the senator's narrative: While there has been significant deregulation in the U.S. economy during the last 30 years, none of it has occurred in the financial sector. Indeed, the only significant legislation with any effect on financial risk-taking was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, adopted during the first Bush administration in the wake of the collapse of the savings and loans (S&Ls). FDICIA, however, substantially tightened commercial bank and S&L regulations, including prompt corrective action when a bank's capital declines below adequate levels and severe personal fines if management violates laws or regulations.
If Sen. Obama had been asked for an example of "Republican deregulation," he would probably have cited the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLBA), which has become a popular target for Democrats searching for something to pin on the GOP. This is puzzling. The bill's key sponsors were indeed Republicans, but the bill was supported by the Clinton administration and signed by President Clinton. The GLBA's "repeal" of a portion of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 is said to have somehow contributed to the current financial meltdown. Nonsense.
Adopted early in the New Deal, the Glass-Steagall Act separated investment and commercial banking. It prohibited commercial banks from underwriting or dealing in securities, and from affiliating with firms that engaged principally in that business. The GLBA repealed only the second of these provisions, allowing banks and securities firms to be affiliated under the same holding company. Thus J.P. Morgan Chase was able to acquire Bear Stearns, and Bank of America could acquire Merrill Lynch. Nevertheless, banks themselves were and still are prohibited from underwriting or dealing in securities.
Allowing banks and securities firms to affiliate under the same holding company has had no effect on the current financial crisis. None of the investment banks that have gotten into trouble — Bear, Lehman, Merrill, Goldman or Morgan Stanley — were affiliated with commercial banks. And none of the banks that have major securities affiliates — Citibank, Bank of America, and J.P. Morgan Chase, to name a few — are among the banks that have thus far encountered serious financial problems. Indeed, the ability of these banks to diversify into nonbanking activities has been a source of their strength.
Most important, the banks that have succumbed to financial problems — Wachovia, Washington Mutual and IndyMac, among others — got into trouble by investing in bad mortgages or mortgage-backed securities, not because of the securities activities of an affiliated securities firm. Federal Reserve regulations significantly restrict transactions between banks and their affiliates.
If Sen. Obama were truly looking for a kind of deregulation that might be responsible for the current financial crisis, he need only look back to 1998, when the Clinton administration ruled that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could satisfy their affordable housing obligations by purchasing subprime mortgages. This ultimately made it possible for Fannie and Freddie to add a trillion dollars in junk loans to their balance sheets. This led to their own collapse, and to the development of a market in these mortgages that is the source of the financial crisis we are wrestling with today.
Finally, on the matter of deregulation and the financial crisis, Sen. Obama should consider his own complicity in the failure of Congress to adopt legislation that might have prevented the subprime meltdown.
In the summer of 2005, a bill emerged from the Senate Banking Committee that considerably tightened regulations on Fannie and Freddie, including controls over their capital and their ability to hold portfolios of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities. All the Republicans voted for the bill in committee; all the Democrats voted against it. To get the bill to a vote in the Senate, a few Democratic votes were necessary to limit debate. This was a time for the leadership Sen. Obama says he can offer, but neither he nor any other Democrat stepped forward.
Instead, by his own account, Mr. Obama wrote a letter to the Treasury Secretary, allegedly putting himself on record that subprime loans were dangerous and had to be dealt with. This is revealing; if true, it indicates Sen. Obama knew there was a problem with subprime lending — but was unwilling to confront his own party by pressing for legislation to control it. As a demonstration of character and leadership capacity, it bears a strong resemblance to something else in Sen. Obama's past: voting present.
This is the type of Response that Senator McCain needs to deliver tomorrow to prevent America from making a disastrous mistake on election day.


I have had two Panasonic mirrorless cameras converted, one to "super-color" and one to "standard IR." Both were done fast and expertly, and the results from them are outstanding. Two infrared photographs from these systems have won prizes in juried competitions. Of course I take my share of the credit, but the high quality of the infrared images means LifePixel gets its share as well. I will do business with LifePixel again as I update my equipment.
I had my GF1 converted recently. I purchased the Super Blue filter. This is the second IR camera I have owned (the other being a Nikon D70s). I am enjoying shooting in both B&W and color. The only issue so far has been how to adjust WB, since I like to shoot RAW images. This was easily solved by setting custom WB for the current lighting every time I shot. This allows me to post process my images in Photoshop. I am loving this camera and take it with me all the time.
This is my first Panasonic camera conversion, I've had 2 LifePixel Nikon DSLR conversions in the past. I wanted a smaller IR camera so I could take it everywhere. I do take my GX7 IR with me 90% of the time. The image quality is excellent and I don't have to worry about which lens I use.


Well, last night was the big night for Donald Trump to appear on "Saturday Night Live." There was plenty of criticism of the appearance, and some thought it was shocking that Lorne Michaels even let it move forward, but who could resist the ratings The Donald provides.
Trump began the evening with an acknowledgement that he is a controversial candidate, but assuring the audience he's a nice. Almost as if he anticipated the audience fearing he'd to start hurling insults at them. "I don't hold grudges against anybody," Trump began the show saying. "Like Rosie O'Donnell." Trump tried to be self-deprecating, poking fun at himself, but most of the jokes fell flat.
Ahead of the show, the Deport Racism PAC offered $5,000 if any audience member would stand up and disrupt the show by calling Trump a racist. Someone did take them up on the offer.
Trump didn't appear in the episode's cold open, which was about the Friday evening First In The South Democratic forum in South Carolina hosted by MSNBC's Rachel Maddow. Once again, Larry David was the perfect Bernie Sanders, but coming face to face with three Donald Trumps must have been a little weird. But undeterred, he returned to take up the offer calling Trump a racist.
"As a businessman I can fully respect that," Trump replied.
As for Trump on stage with two other fake Trumps for the Trump-off, he was as honest as a Trump can be: "They don't have my talent or money or especially my good looks," Trump said.
One sketch featured performer Kenan Thompson who impersonated reggae star Toots Hibbert and in a weird twist Trump actually implied he might shoot Hibbert.
With only 12 solid minutes in the 90-minute-long program, Trump didn't generate a heck of a lot of buzz. He remained uninteresting, refrained from being offensive and if my boyfriend is any indication, it was was a pretty big snorefest. After Hillary Clinton mocked Trump with an unforgettable impression, it must have been difficult for Trump to top. Maybe he didn't even try.


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non-rivalrous
non-rivalrousnon-rivalrousnon-rivalrousnon-rivalrous
which future?
inner work
outer work
non-rivalrousnon-rivalrousnon-rivalrous
gospel of peace
The teachings of Jesus truly are a gospel of peace. But what about that part, "Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword" (Matthew 10:34 KJV)? It is possible that Jesus was making a statement that, like any other belief system, will be a cause for contention because of human nature and agency. Some will refuse to accept a path of peace. Yet he clearly promoted peace: "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God" (Matthew 5:9). Peace is the opposite of anxiety. In today's anxious world, we need these teachings as much as ever.
Thorough scholarship. "Dr. Keizer is a scholar who has researched the historical message of Yeshua for half a century and published many books and articles reconstructing the authentic teachings. He completed his M. Div. studies at the Episcopal Divinity School with classes at Harvard Divinity School…earned his Ph.D. degree at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, CA; was a member of the faculty at the University of California in Santa Cruz teaching Religious Studies and Classics."
Independent thinker. Dr. Keizer belongs in the IDW hall of fame. He resigned from the Episcopal Church in 1967 to pursue his research and spiritual practices without pressure to conform to their standard Christian doctrine. He was consecrated an independent Bishop in 1976. Like Martin Luther, he carries the tradition that a seeker of truth can access truth and inspiration without a human authoritative intermediary. His websites are www.hometemple.org and www.wisdomseminars.org. You can download the work cited below for free at https://independent.academia.edu/LewisKeizer
Interpretations of New Testament teachings. The following subsections present a few segments of Jesus' teachings from Keizer's redactions. The teachings are clarified by contextual and cultural understanding as well as extensive comparison of all available historical documents related to the teachings. For the benefit of those not wanting to look up the Jewish terminology, there are the equivalent English terms in brackets. Keizer admits that the teachings sound similar to some Buddhist teachings, though he finds them related to Kabala, the mystic tradition of Judaism. It should be expected that some teachings and terminology would be passed down from the Jewish spiritual traditions that Jesus was familiar with. These traditions were not familiar to the European converts, so some of the meanings were misinterpreted or incomprehensible.
Non-attachment to the physical world. Jesus "told his disciples that kichesh (renunciation, non-attachment) is the existential condition of his [divine energy] for spiritual rebirth. The only remedy for impermanence is non-attachment to the illusions of material reality" (Keizer, 2015, p. 160). This is like the Zen teaching that freedom or enlightenment comes from dying before one's death, in other words, a complete acceptance of death that includes the understanding of limitations of one's influence. With clarity of the principle that "you can't take it with you," savoring the simple enjoyments in life seems a better way of living than striving after security, domination, or competitive advantage. Sustaining life becomes an adventure, a creative challenge, rather than a predictable chore.
Non-attachment was also self-release from anxiety, worry, and fear. The instruction to Martha illustrates one kind of worry. "When Mary is criticized for laying aside women's kitchen work to hear the teachings, [Jesus] says, 'Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things, but one thing is needful' " (p. 162).
Materialism and wealth. "Let him who has grown spiritually wealthy be Sovereign, and let him who possesses worldly power renounce it" (Thomas logion 81). Keizer (2015) notes, "Attachment is an egoistic emotional state natural to all of us. It desires to possess and control all the elements of its life, whether people or things. It is selfish. … It is obsessed with material goods and finances. It wants to keep parental control over its grown children. If it does charitable acts, it always exacts a price—social or emotional" (p. 562). Jesus remarked that it is more difficult for a rich person to find spiritual liberation than it is for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle. This kind of exaggerated saying was a common literary form at the time, and emphasized a near impossibility. Those who accumulate much wealth often become slaves to their possessions. Jesus said not to worry about clothes or food; "instead seek the [divine realm of the physical], and all these things are provided for you," a statement found in several sources: Q (Matthew 6:29, Luke 12:27), Papias, and Greek Thomas logion 36 (p. 163). In other words, "If you make the divine kingdom your first priority, all needs will be provided for you" (p. 165).
Freedom. It seems the unassuming people, disinterested in accumulating wealth, would be easy prey for the strivers to take advantage of. On the contrary, they should be immune to being controlled, because they can't be convinced to subjugate others. They refuse to be a link in a chain of oppression. Like Victor Frankl, they find a mental freedom even in the most oppressive circumstances. They are told, "Do not be afraid of those who can kill the body but cannot kill the [soul or spirit]" (p. 162). "Become passers-by" (Thomas logion 42; p. 161). He may have meant these would not be constrained by holding on to land, nor prevented from the learning that travels could bring. Alternately, it could mean simply to understand yourself as passing temporarily thru this existence, and thereby not being emotionally attached to land one may own.
Highest value. "The divine sovereignty entrusted to the new humanity is precious and invisible to the old humanity. It must be sought by each disciple individually, and when found it must be valued as a spiritual treasure beyond all earthly treasure" (p. 166). "The Tao is beyond price" (Lin, 2007, p. 204).
Keizer, L. (2015). The pre-Christian teachings of Yeshua. Available from https://independent.academia.edu/LewisKeizer
Lin, D. (2007). The Tao of daily life. Penguin Group.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License..


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"Isn't it true that only the 'Regenerated,' that is, only the 'Born Again,'
the 'Saved' people can communicate with God, for the purpose of solving their problems?"
Answer #5
The answer is yes. The only ones that have access to God are those that are
His own. Because the only access to God is through whom? Christ. It
[Bible] says, "No man comes to the Father, except by me." You can't go to
God on any terms, for any reason, unless you come through Christ. The way
has been opened for us. And that's what the writer of Hebrews means when he
says, "Let us come boldly unto the Throne of Grace, to find help in time of
need."
No, there is no promise in the Bible that God will answer the prayer of an
unsaved person, no promise at all. God is not obligated. God is not bound.
God has made no such promise, because there is no access to God. Access only
comes through Christ.
You say, "Does that mean that God never does for a person what they ask
done?" That's a very difficult question, and it's been asked a number of
times. I would venture to say, that an unbelieving, unsaved person might
pray a prayer to God, "Well, God, I wish I had a wife." And three months
later find a girl and marry her. Or he might pray, "You know, I wish my
mother would get well," and maybe his mother get well.
So it is possible that circumstances could appear to look like God answered a
prayer, when in fact, it was just the working out the providential plan of
God anyway, and the prayer was irrelevant to what God was going to do. I
mean, if you pray, "Lord heal my mother," only one of two things can happen.
Either she does or doesn't get healed, and if she does, it does not mean that
God answered your prayer. It just means she got better.
But, it also true, and I want to say this, that God may for His own purposes,
hear the cry of an unregenerate person. The point is this, He is not
obligated to do that. There is no claim on that. Because, you see in John
it says, "if you ask anything," Jesus said, "in my NAME." If you come in
Christ's name, if you come in Christ, then the Father will do it. He has no
obligation to answer the prayer of an unregenerate person, though sometimes
He may in His sovereign choice. And sometimes, it may appear as if a prayer
has been answered, simply by the way things turned out.
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Paideia's spring course offerings highlight wellness, service, and citizenship
The first four courses offered to Penn undergraduates as part of the new Stavros Niarchos Foundation Paideia Program will focus on passion, civility, effective communication, and a deep dive into American Chinatowns.
The first courses offered to Penn undergraduates as part of the new Stavros Niarchos Foundation Paideia Program will focus on passion, civility, effective communication and a deep dive into American Chinatowns.
The program, announced in March with a $6 million gift from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, reimagines the ancient Greek ideal of Paideia—"education of the whole person"—for the 21st century and beyond, with courses focusing on wellness, service, and citizenship.
"Paideia emerged out of a concern regarding the state of civic discourse about contentious issues in the United States today," says Michael X. Delli Carpini, the program's faculty director. "Anyone paying attention to the news knows that we're in a moment of hyper-partisanship and the absence of agreed-upon facts. This combination works against our ability to deliberate about the pressing issues of the day in productive ways."
The program aims to "give students the skills, knowledge, experiences, and values to talk with those different from themselves in their ideological views or in other ways and to have robust discussions and even disagreements but in ways that are informed and that treat each other and their views with mutual respect," he says.
Paideia will begin as a five-year pilot program, building on and collaborating with existing programs and organizations on campus. It will include cosponsored events and deliberative forums, co-curricular opportunities, internships, undergraduate fellowships, and a set of Paideia-designated courses open to all of Penn undergraduates, the first of which will be offered in the coming semester. Course selection opens today.
The four inaugural Paideia courses are:
Grit Lab: Fostering Passion and Perseverance in Ourselves and Others, with Angela Duckworth in the Department of Psychology in the School of Arts and Sciences.
At the heart of the course are cutting-edge scientific discoveries about passion and perseverance for long-term goals. The ultimate aim of Grit Lab is to empower students to achieve personal, long-term goals so they can help others achieve the goals that are meaningful to them. The first half of the course is about passion. Each student will identify a project that piques their interest and resonates with their values. The second half of the course is about perseverance. Students will aim to develop resilience, a challenge-seeking orientation, and the habits of practice that improve any skill. Grit Lab requires students to apply what they learn in their daily lives and to teach what they've learned to younger students.
"The first time I heard the word Paideia it was in the context of the National Spelling Bee as the name of the word list for official competition," Duckworth says. "Now I better appreciate its meaning and couldn't be more excited to be part of the initiative here at Penn. I'm going to try in this class to apply everything I know as a psychologist to what we learn and how we learn it. My goal is that the students learn something about the world, themselves, and how they can make a unique contribution to making the world better, particularly for younger people for whom they are role models."
Can We Talk? Courageous Civility for Troubled Times, with Harris Sokoloff of the Graduate School of Education
Civil dialogue is an aspiration, a theory and a practice, and one of the most misconstrued terms in contemporary political discourse. In this course, students will explore attributes of civil dialogue: aspiration, theory, and practice.
This exploration will include the history of civility in American politics, the philosophical roots of the modern practices of civil dialogue, and the approaches, practices, and techniques of civic dialogue: ways to frame issues, self-examine biases, convene a diverse group, and guide a dialogue to a productive result.
"It has become increasingly difficult for each of us to have productive dialogue and deliberation with others about public issues whether we agree with the other person or not," Sokoloff says. "If we agree, our conversations tend to reinforce our assumptions, rather than to explore ways to stretch our understanding of ideas and events. If we disagree, those interactions that do occur too often devolve into diatribes, name calling, call-outs, or cancelling."
Participants in this course "will learn skills that can be used in a variety of settings to engage with others to seek deeper understanding of ideas and actions, perhaps even a new, more productive understanding of one another," he says.
Rhetoric and the Community, with Jeremy McInerney of the Department of Classical Studies in the School of Arts and Sciences
The class is designed to improve the quality of students' speaking abilities. Through debates, impromptu speeches, and other types of oral reports, students will develop their skills as speakers. The emphasis is on practical advice, constant positive criticism, and an active exploration of the art of oratory.
"It will emphasize the role of effective oral communication in contributing to a higher level of engagement and discourse in the community," McInerney says. "The class will be particularly helpful to those planning careers in advocacy, public service, teaching, and other areas where confident, thoughtful, and articulate communication are important."
The Chinese Body and Spatial Consumption in Chinatown, with Kenneth Robert Lum of the Weitzman School of Design and Chi-Ming Yang of the Department of English in the School of Arts and Sciences
The course "takes as its topic the imagining and reimagining of the Chinese body by dominant white culture from the 19th century through to today," Lum says. "Outside of the pithy narrative of Chinese contract laborers building the railroads, the place of the Chinese in American history remains an understudied and undertheorized topic in America's foundational stories."
The course will look at representations of the Chinese and Asian body since the Limehouse district in East London and the advent of Chinese contract laborers to American in the 19th century. The localization of the Chinese throughout the Americas within Chinatown precincts was also subject to representational imaginings that were negotiated through the lens of civic planning, literature, and later in cinema.
It will offer a deep dive into the history and evolution and nature of Chinatowns in the United States, and is intended to educate students about the nature of various ethnic communities in a way to make them appreciate the design of public space, Delli Carpini says.
As part of the course, students will travel to a large Chinatown in the U.S. to talk to people in an ethnographic way to help understand what it means to negotiate difference, he says.
Kristen de Groot Writer
Philosophy,


text:
A Guidebook to TRANSLIT's Video Content Translation and Interpretation Services
There are a number of distinctions when it comes to the discussion of techniques such as subtitling, captioning, dubbing, and voiceover within the language industry. Although all of them fall under the realm of translation or interpretation services, they are quite different from one another.
Subtitling: A commonly known example for subtitling would be of Netflix or similar streaming platforms offering subtitled video content of the spoken dialogue in a number of different languages, excluding the source language. This enables them to appeal to a wider audience with varied language preferences.
Captioning: Whereas captioning, would be referred to as just the transcription of the video content in its original language. This text version of the audio can be further divided into open and closed captioning. Open captioning is offered as an inherent part of the video content and cannot be turned off. On the other hand, the closed captioning service while viewing the content is optional. A good example of this is the availability of the option button for generative captions on Youtube videos.
Although originally intended for the hearing impaired, captions are now widely used in today's world for a number of reasons which are explored further in this article.
Voiceover: This technique specifically concerns itself with translated voiceover narrations which are placed over the original spoken dialogue of the videos. This kind of technique is not emotive but more descriptive in nature and may not always take the form of a verbatim report. Voiceovers are more commonly adopted in the corporate world in order to deliver training and informational videos.
Dubbing: Out of all the above-mentioned techniques, special care and effort must be taken to ensure accuracy while providing dubbing services. The important features of this technique involves perfect lip-synching of the spoken dialogue, accuracy in tone and emotion, selecting the best suited talent.
At TRANSLIT, we offer all of these services while maintaining exceptional quality and authenticity standards.
For non-native speakers of any language, consuming content outside their spoken language is quite a task. This is when services such as subtitling and dubbing come into play to close the language barriers around video content. It is known from research that kids pick up any language quicker when they consume content with the use of subtitles. Not only for kids, but consuming content such as movies, tv shows, and more with subtitles also play a key role for people from all age groups who want to acquaint themselves with learning a new language and its nuances.
Subtitling can be defined as the art of developing written content based on spoken dialogue through visually communicated videos. These videos may be in the form of a film, television series, web series, informational/educational content, gaming and so much more. Apart from the source language viewers, subtitles are mainly used as a tool to promote and expand the reach of a company's viewership base for its videos, thus overcoming the limitations posed by languages and cultural differences.
The next important question to ask would be, how do you know which one is best suited to your business needs? The answer depends on the following three factors:
1) Your motivation for developing content and therefore the content type: It is important to determine the motive behind the video and the appropriate type of translation or interpretation services to be used. For example, if a multinational company wishes to create an internal communications informational video, it may be better understood when dubbed into another language along with developing the correct subtitles.
2) Your viewers' preferences: In this case, the company may be required to identify its demographic's key content consumption patterns as well as the amount of time spent on the particular medium. Based on research, 85 percent of videos are watched without sound on Facebook.
3) And most importantly, your budget: Choosing an option such as dubbing brings with it a number of expenses including but not limiting to, employing voiceover actors, dubbing equipment, studio space, editing, etc. All these factors contribute to an increase in costs for companies opting for this service. Hence, it is important to weigh the financial requirements concerning your business project while opting for such services from a translation and interpretation services company.
With smooth-sailing customer service, TRANSLIT will take care of all your language needs to help you build that everlasting bond with your customer.
/By Sayali Khartadkar// Intern, TRANSLIT//


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