text:
Home Rule Municipality in Colorado, United States
City of Lafayette, Colorado
Home Rule Municipality
Location of Lafayette in Boulder County, Colorado.
Coordinates: 39°59′42″N 105°6′2″W / 39.99500°N 105.10056°W / 39.99500; -105.10056Coordinates: 39°59′42″N 105°6′2″W / 39.99500°N 105.10056°W / 39.99500; -105.10056
County[1]
January 6, 1890[2]
Named for
Lafayette Miller
Home Rule Municipality[1]
Christine Berg[3]
• Mayor Pro Tem
Gustavo Reyna[4]
• City Administrator
Gary Klaphake[5]
5,210 ft (1,588 m)
3,026.78/sq mi (1,168.59/km2)
UTC−7 (MST)
UTC−6 (MDT)
ZIP code[9]
Both 303 and 720
US 287, SH 7, SH 42 NW Parkway
www.cityoflafayette.com
The City of Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiːˈɛt, ˌlæf-/) is a Home Rule Municipality located in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 24,453 at the 2010 United States Census.[10]
4 Labor
6 Recreation
7 Today
10 Notable people
Lafayette is located in southeastern Boulder County at 39°59′42″N 105°6′2″W / 39.99500°N 105.10056°W / 39.99500; -105.10056 (39.995, -105.100556).[11] It is bordered by the town of Erie to the north and east, by the city of Broomfield to the east and south, and by Louisville to the southwest. U.S. Highway 287 is the main road through the city, leading north to Longmont and south to Broomfield and Denver. State Highway 7 leads east from Lafayette to Brighton and west to Boulder. There is also an exit off Interstate 25 to the city.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Lafayette has a total area of 9.6 square miles (24.9 km2), of which 9.5 square miles (24.5 km2) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km2), or 1.50%, is water.[10]
Mary E. Miller, Representative Women of Colorado, 1914
Lafayette was founded in 1888 by Mary E. (Foote) Miller. She and her husband, Lafayette Miller, had moved to the area to farm land they had purchased from Denver coal speculators Francis P. Heatly and Edward Chase. The farm also included land acquired by Mary's brother, James B. Foote and father, John B. Foote via the Homestead Act in 1871.[12] In 1874 the Millers moved to Boulder. Lafayette Miller ran a butcher shop and was a town trustee. Lafayette Miller died in Boulder in 1878, after which Mary Miller moved back to the farm with their six small children. In 1884 coal was discovered on the Miller farm, and in 1887 John H. Simpson acquired a coal lease from James B. Foote and sank the first Simpson Mine shaft, thereby starting the coal mining era. In 1888 Mary Miller designated 37 acres (0.15 km2) of the farm for the town of Lafayette, which she named after her late husband. In July 1888 a second mine, the Cannon, went into operation and the first houses were built. Mary Miller submitted a revised 89 acres (0.36 km2) plat for the town in 1889.[12] Also in early 1889, Mary Miller leased the rights to mine coal for 12.5 cents per ton to Charles Spencer and John H. Simpson. The two commenced sinking the Spencer coal mine 200 yards west of the Simpson coal mine.[12] On April 2, 1889,[2] the town of Lafayette was incorporated.[12] As stipulated in the original property deeds for the platting, no alcohol could be sold or distributed east of what is now known as Public Road.[12][13][14] In 1904, the Lafayette Town Board mandated that the "alcohol clause" be added to all platted additions to Lafayette. "Alcohol clause" deed restrictions weren't repealed by the City of Lafayette until the 1980s.
Lafayette quickly became a part of the coal-mining boom that all of eastern Boulder and southwestern Weld counties were experiencing, with the combined Spencer/Simpson mine being the largest and most productive. The Cannon floundered and failed to produce profitable quantities of coal. It closed in 1898.[12] By 1914 Lafayette was a booming town with two banks and four hotels. Lafayette was also the location of one of the nation's first distributed electrical grids powered by the Interurban Power Plant that served Louisville, Boulder, Longmont, and Fort Collins.[12]
Mary Miller continued to be a leader in the community, especially in January 1900, when the town's business district burned. She founded the Farmers' & Miners' State Bank with S.T. Hooper, C.C. Brown and G.C. Beaman in June 1892, which closed in August 1894. Mary Miller then formed the Lafayette Bank in 1900.[12] She was elected president of the bank, and according to a Denver Post article reprinted in the Lafayette News and dated Dec. 13, 1902, was "the only woman in the United States known to be president of a bank."[15] The bank closed in 1914 because of roughly $90,000 in bad loans to the striking United Mine Workers. Mary Miller remained devoted to the temperance movement and eventually ran on the 1913 Prohibition Party ticket for the U.S. Senate seat won by Gov. John F. Shafroth.[12] She also ran for the state treasurer seat on the Prohibition Party ticket.[15] Miller died in 1921 at her daughter-in-law's home at 501 E. Cleveland Street.
Lafayette continued to thrive as a coal-mining town. Northern Coal Field miners, members of United Mine Workers, walked off the job in the aforementioned strike starting in April 1910.[16] The United Mine Workers expanded the strike to all of Colorado in 1913.[12][17][16] The Long Strike is nationally noted for the Ludlow Massacre of miners' families by the National Guard in the Southern Coal Field near Trinidad, Colorado.
Until about 1915, residents of the city were largely caucasian Midwestern transplants and Western European coal miners who'd immigrated from England, Wales and Ireland. The 1900 and 1910 census show no families with Latino surnames residing in Lafayette.[12] Coinciding with the start of the Long Strike of 1910-1914, the coal operators began recruiting strikebreaker workers who were immigrants from Eastern Europe and Mexico. United Mine Workers Lafayette Local 1388 meeting minutes show scant traces of Latino membership from 1903 until September 1913. Initially banned from membership, union locals realized during the Long Strike of 1910-1914 the necessity of forming labor alliances with native-born and immigrant Latinos. Entering their $10 annual Lafayette Local 1388 dues at the September 25, 1913, meeting were initiates Frank Gonzales, S. Gonzales, F.H. Gallegos, A. Dominguez, Guy Dominguez, Jesus Guzman, Gabriel Vigil, Teofila Tafoya, D. Romero, Ben Martinez, Juan Guerrero and Francisco Guerrero.[12] After the strike, Rocky Mountain Fuel Company encouraged their employees in the Southern Coal Field, largely immigrants from Mexico and second- and third-generation residents of New Mexico and Colorado, to relocate to the Lafayette area. Those Latino families located in Serene initially then moved to Lafayette after the Columbine Mine closed. In the 1920s and 1930s sugar factories in surrounding counties also recruited Latino workers to harvest sugar beats. The 1920 census showed 1,800 Lafayette residents, with 25 individuals having Latino surnames.[12]
In 1927, Lafayette's coal miners walked off the job again, a strike nationally recognized as a great Wobbly (Industrial Workers of the World, a radical labor group) strike. This time, the mining massacre was closer to home, resulting in the deaths of five Lafayette resident miners just northeast of town in the Columbine Mine Massacre on November 27, 1927, in what is now the ghost town of Serene near Erie.
Another female financier came to the miners' aid. Josephine Roche, the daughter of John J. Roche, the anti-labor president of the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company (RMFC) which owned many of the mines in the Lafayette area, used some shares of the company she had inherited from her father after his death in 1927, bought a controlling interest in the company, and immediately began the most labor-friendly mine operation in the United States. She became a top assistant to Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins. Back in Lafayette, life became much better for the coal miners with the more labor-friendly management of the RMFC.
Coal mining declined as an industry from the 1930s through 1950s as natural gas replaced coal. The Black Diamond mine closed in 1956, and Lafayette became once more an agriculture-based community. As Denver and Boulder grew, residential growth in Lafayette increased. With the increase in residential growth, the farm-based economy changed and commercial, small industrial and manufacturing factors became more important. Thankfully, Lafayette's ethnic diversity continued to expand with population growth. In 1940, 76 Hispanic or Latino adults were recorded as residing in Lafayette, with a total population of 2,062.[18] By 2016, 4,400 (18 percent) of Lafayette's 25,000 residents were Hispanic or Latino.[19]
Industry[edit]
No historical record of east Boulder County would be complete without a discussion of the industry that helped make Denver, Colorado what it is today. Not only did coal mined in Lafayette, Louisville, Marshall and Erie heat Denver's growing number of households starting in the late 1880s, it also fueled Denver's smelters, cotton mills, breweries, paper mills, shoe factories and power plants.[12]
In 1899, the Colorado Inspector of Coal mines estimated that the 405-square-mile Northern Coal Field contained 2.56 billion tons of coal.[12]
Up to the turn of the 20th century, Denver customers consumed most of the coal mined in the area as fast it could be hauled up from the subterranean tunnels. Lafayette coal mines were wired for telephones starting in 1891, almost 15 years before the rest of town, because the Denver coal dealers needed a quicker way to place orders.[12]
The first recorded evidence of coal near Lafayette was made in the summer of 1864 by General Land Office surveyor Hiram Witter, who noted in his field survey notebook for Township 1 South, Range 69 West that "In the NE 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of Sec. 1 is an outcrop of coal 1 chain long (66 feet) and 4 ft. thick, extent unknown." This would be the area where today's Baseline Road crosses over Coal Creek east of Lafayette. Witter drew a line through a notation in his notebook that the "coal bank had been opened" and replaced it with "coal outcrop." The notation "had been opened" may indicate that the coal was being "worked" by settlers.[12]
Area pioneers gathered coal from surface outcrops to use for home heating. One outcropping of coal, mentioned by Mary Miller as being discovered in 1872, was located at about the center of the Foote-Miller Farm and mined by the Cambro / Pluto slope mine from 1917 to 1928.[12]
Mary Miller and her brother, James B. Foote, leased some of their farm land north of the Cambro / Pluto coal outcrop first to John H. Simpson, who would sink two separate Lafayette coal mines — the Simpson in late 1887 and the Spencer in 1889 — then to James Cannon Jr. in 1888. The Standard mine, about a mile east of the Spencer-Simpson mines, was also sunk in 1887.[12]
By the early 1880s, railroads were the largest consumer of Colorado coal, and Lafayette joined the coal mining bandwagon when Colorado & Southern Railway completed a 3-mile spur from Louisville in 1889, paid for by the newly-formed Spencer-Simpson Coal Company. That spur eventually connected to Erie. The railroad links to Erie, Louisville, Lafayette and Marshall coal mines nurtured the industrialization of coal mining — masses of men and machinery cranking out hundreds of tons of coal per day.[12]
The coal under Lafayette and most of the area northwest of Denver known as the Northern Coal Field or Northern Field is sub-bituminous coal, a soft, friable coal that was highly suited for household heating stoves and for firing steam boilers. Sub-bituminous coal, also called lignite, had two problems when it came in contact with air, the first being that the coal could sometimes spontaneously combust.[12]
A significant factor in Lafayette's coal mining history were the three successive Denver-based coal conglomerates — United Coal Company, Northern Coal Co. and Rocky Mountain Fuel Company — that controlled coal production and employed thousands of local coal miners. From 1891, when United Coal was formed, to 1944, when Rocky Mountain Fuel Co. reorganized and closed most of its mines, the coal operators influenced not only how mass-scale coal was mined, marketed and sold, but how communities adjacent to the coal mines — Lafayette, Louisville, Erie, Canfield and Marshall developed. The era of industrialized coal mining, defined by coal company executives in suits sitting around tables in downtown Denver offices, meant that some Boulder County towns survived and some didn't.[12]
In 1898, only 5 percent of coal mined in Lafayette was used for home heating, the rest went to Denver power plants, manufacturers and steam locomotives. From June 1, 1897, to May 31, 1898, over 680,000 tons of coal were shipped to Denver from Northern Field coal mines. In the 1920s and 1930s, Great Western Sugar in Longmont and the Valmont Generating Station in Boulder were primary coal consumers. By the mid-1940s, most of the coal mines had closed.[12]
Most of the mines associated with the bankrupt Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., including the Columbine, were closed in 1946, after which area mines were owned and run by independent owners. Lafayette's last mine, the Black Diamond, located at today's U.S. 287 and Baseline Road, closed in 1956. The independently-owned Hi-Way mine in Louisville and the Gorham in Superior closed in 1955. Erie's Eagle mine was the last coal mine to operate in the Northern Coal Field. It closed in 1975.[12]
Very little evidence of Lafayette's coal mining past remains today. A few structures moved from the mine camps dot Old Town and the Lafayette Miner's Museum retains some of the tools of the coal mining trade. Other than that, there are no remnants of the coal mining that shaped and dominated the town.
Labor[edit]
The extended and sometimes violent coal miner's strike of 1910-1914, called "The Long Strike," put Lafayette at the forefront of unionized labor's struggle for fair wages. Union miners belonging to United Mine Workers of America were determined to get fair wages and safety improvements in a dangerous workplace, while coal mine operators wanted the mined coal to continue flowing.
In the Northern Field, the Long Strike started April 1, 1910. United Mine Workers of America miners wanted an increase of 3 cents per ton for machine mining, 4 cents for pick mining, a 5.55 percent increase for day wages and dead work, an 8-hour work day, selection of checkweighmen, union recognition and enforcement of state labor and mine safety laws.[12]
At a convention in Trinidad in September 1913, United Mine Workers delegates from across the state endorsed a statewide strike, which became the greatest labor upheaval in Colorado history. Coal miners statewide accused operators of favoring profits over the safety of workers, and their demands included coal operators' recognition of the union, an increase in wages of 10 percent, an eight-hour workday for all classes of labor in or around the coal mines, payment for deadwork, the right to have union-paid weigh bosses, the right of the miners to trade wherever they pleased (instead of company stores), the right to choose their own boarding place and their own doctor, the enforcement of the Colorado mining laws and "total abolition of the notorious and criminal guard system." [12]
During the strike, Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., owners of the Simpson and Vulcan mines in Lafayette, the Acme mine in Louisville and the Industrial mine in Superior, recruited and paid the railroad fare for nonunion coal miners from W. Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky and Joplin, Missouri. Strikebreakers were labeled either "scabs" or "blacklegs." [12]
Those on strike, members of United Mine Workers, were called "rednecks" because they wore red handkerchiefs around their necks. After asking Boulder County Sheriff M.P. Capp to deputize up to 75 company men to help guard the mines, which he refused, Northern Coal and Coke Co. hired West Virginia-based Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency guards to protect the company's assets. The Baldwin-Felts guards, known in southern coal states for protecting coal trains and payroll shipments, were hired to prevent trespassing on company property.
In September 1910 coal operators, including RM Fuel's E.E. Shumway, asked Denver District Court Judge Greeley W. Whitford to issue an injunction to restrain striking miners from gathering in groups, posting notices or interfering with nonunion operation of the mines. Whitford agreed to the injunction and appointed Baldwin-Felts detectives as enforcers.[12]
Elected in November 1912, Colorado Governor Elias M. Ammons sent the Colorado militia to Boulder County to quell the strike violence after a Sept. 17, 1913, gun battle raged on the east side of Lafayette. Union sympathizers said that nonunion employees at the Simpson mine, "the Bulgarians," fired indiscriminately at union members returning from work at an adjacent union mine. The nonunion workers claim that union sympathizers started the fight by throwing rocks through one of the company buildings in the Simpson compound.[12]
All sides agreed that numerous volleys of gunshots, estimated at over 1,000 rounds, originated in both the stockade — shooting toward downtown Lafayette — and in downtown Lafayette shooting toward the stockade. One person inside the stockade was injured by a gunshot, and one horse was killed.[12]
After U.S. troops brought in to referee the strike encamped near the Lafayette cemetery on Oct. 28, 1913, they proceeded to confiscate all guns in Lafayette, even searching homes room-by-room to do so. The following week, children of union men refused to go to school with two boys whose fathers had scabbed the previous summer.[12]
The Long Strike was called off by the UMWA in late 1914. The large Colorado coal operators who'd refused all of the miners' demands, Rocky Mountain Fuel Co. and Colorado Fuel and Iron, agreed only to rehire the miners that went on strike. The general consensus was that the UMWA's 1913-1914 statewide strike didn't accomplish much, and it was decades before the union regained its influence in Colorado.[12]
Edward Lawrence Doyle (1886-1954), Lafayette resident from 1908 to 1912 and UMWA Dist. 15 secretary-treasurer based in Denver from 1912 to 1917, is better known for his involvement in the fateful 1914 Ludlow Massacre, where he played a key role in communicating to national media the union's perspective of the killings. As part of that job, he corresponded regularly with labor activist Mother Jones and with author Upton Sinclair, who wrote "King Coal," an exposé on the dangerous conditions Colorado coal miners faced. Doyle was entrusted by Sinclair to proofread "King Coal" for accuracy prior to its release in 1917.[12]
In 1909, Doyle worked as a checkweighman at the Capitol mine east of Lafayette where he advocated for miners' safety, including dogging the mine's owner to remove snow and ice that regularly blocked the mine's escape shaft after snow storms. Doyle worked his way into leadership of Lafayette Local 1388 during the first few years of the Long Strike, where he organized the group's civil disobedience efforts. Doyle aggressively rooted out turncoat union members hired by coal operators to spy on the organization. He also planted two of his own union men, hired from out-of-state, who posed as scabs in each local coal mine.[12]
Between 1849 and 1870, California goldseekers — followed by the grand Concord Coaches of the Overland Express and Mail Co. — traveled the Cherokee Trail, an ancient north-south trading route overlapped today by U.S. Highway 287 in Lafayette. From 1864 to 1868, the Cherokee Trail/Laramie Road was a principal travel corridor to the west and a key part of the Overland Mail and Express Co.'s 1,000-mile route, which originated in Atchison, Kansas. The Front Range portion of the Southern Route went north from Denver to LaPorte and Virginia Dale where the trail rejoined the Central Overland Route in Laramie, Wyoming.[12]
The Overland Mail and Express Co.'s 600-mile Denver to Salt Lake City Division was composed of 46 stage stations spaced every 10 to 15 miles. The stagecoach crossing at Boulder Creek north of Lafayette was at today's N. 109th Street near Brownsville, about 1/2-mile east of U.S. Highway 287. Starting in 1864, three Overland Stage Line stations in Boulder and Broomfield counties operated under the purview of Ben Holladay's Overland Mail and Express Co.: Little Thompson stage station about 2 miles north of today's Longmont, Boon's Ranch (Boulder Station) stage station at Boulder Creek, and Church's Ranch stage station (then called Child's stage station) located near today's Old Wadsworth and 105th Street in Westminster. The Burlington House in what is now Longmont became an Overland Stage Line home station a few years later.[12]
From 1866 to 1871, Lafayette and Mary Miller operated the Miller Tavern Ranch, a saloon and stage stop for the Mason & Ganow stagecoach at the former Stearns Dairy north of Dillon Road on U.S. 287, today known as the Rock Creek Farm.[12]
The Mason & Ganow stagecoach company launched on Oct. 17, 1868, to compete with Wells Fargo and promoted daily overnight service from Denver to Cheyenne, about 100 miles. Heading north, the stagecoach left Denver at 8 a.m. and arrived in Cheyenne at 7 a.m. the next morning. Traveling south, the stagecoach left Cheyenne at 6 p.m.
Lafayette pioneers Adolf and Anna Waneka ran the two-story stage stop on Coal Creek located where today's U.S. 287 crosses Coal Creek in Lafayette but it, too, was a meal stop and not a swing station.[12]
The Rocky Mountain News for Nov. 19, 1867, listed six stage companies operating from Denver: Wells, Fargo & Company with stages leaving daily for points east via the Platte and points west via Salt Lake City; Denver, Valmont and Boulder stage company leaving Thursdays and Saturdays; United States Express Company leaving daily for points east via Smoky Hill route; Hariman & Harmon's stage leaving for South Park each Thursday; Denver, Idaho and Georgetown Express leaving Denver Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays; the Denver and Santa Fe Stage Line, leaving Denver for points south every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.[12]
Ben Holladay's Overland Mail and Express Co. was sold to Wells, Fargo & Company in 1866 for $1.8 million in cash and stocks. After the Transcontinental Railroad was completed to Cheyenne in 1867, stagecoach travel declined, and the majority of stagecoaches heading from Denver to Cheyenne carried passengers looking to catch an eastbound train.[12]
By early 1869, Wells Fargo had sold all of its stagecoach operations, including the Denver to Cheyenne run, which was acquired by John Hughes. Robert Spotswood and William McClelland bought the stage line from Hughes and continued running the Denver to Cheyenne stage until Nov. 27, 1869.[12]
Recreation[edit]
Lafayette's most popular recreation destination is the city-owned Waneka Lake, a man-made reservoir situated in Waneka Lake Park at West Emma Street and Caria Drive.
Waneka Lake Park is a recreational and wildlife refuge in a suburban setting. Waneka Lake Park features playground structures, shelter facilities, picnic tables, benches, fishing areas, and a 1.2 mile fitness trail for walking, biking or running within its 147 acres.[20]
The southeast corner of Waneka Lake Park features Lafayette's oldest structure, the Waneka Granary. Although there's general agreement that the granary was built in the 1870s, who built it is in dispute. The late Charles "Clancy" Waneka believed that Lafayette pioneer Adolf Waneka built it, while Clancy's cousin, Charles "Chuck" Waneka has always argued that the pioneer Harmon Family built it. In either case, the structure provides an excellent window into early construction methods including hand hewned logs and square iron nails.[12]
Colorado Div. of Water Resources records (Dam ID = 060225) indicate that the lake was built by Adolf Waneka in 1865 to hold water coming out of a nearby spring. This was corroborated by Clancy Waneka, who in 1989 told the Lafayette News that "Sometime in the 1860s (Adolf Waneka) scooped out a small reservoir that held about 13-acre-feet and this was recorded and is a matter of record in the State Engineer's office." [21] Adolf gave his interest in the lake to his son, Henry "Boye" Waneka, who then sold to William, Frank and Guy Harmon in 1897. Northern Colorado Power Company documents from 1906 and reservoir records at the Colorado Div. of Water Resources both show that the original name of Waneka Lake was "Henry Waneka No. 1 Reservoir." [12] Northern Power expanded the lake, which was later called Plant Lake, in 1906 to store 28 million cu. ft. (790,000 m3) of water for its steam generators. Mary Miller and the power company split 50/50 the rights to the additional water stored. When town founder Mary Miller owned the lake, it was known as the Millar and Harmon Reservoir.[12]
Locals named the reservoir "Plant Lake" shortly after Northern Colorado Power Company constructed the 6,000 kilowatt Northern Colorado and Interurban Power Plant on the south edge of the lake in 1905-06. It supplied alternating current to the electric-powered Interurban passenger trolley service that connected Boulder to Denver. Joseph J. Henry of Denver developed the power plant business plan and directors included W.F. Crossley, Tyson Dines, W.H. Allison, Sen. F.E. Warren (from Wyoming), William J. Barker, Thomas Kelly, Robert S. Ellison, William Mayer and C.C. Bromley.[12]
Blue Ribbon Hill east of Lafayette was initially thought to be the best place for the new Northern Colorado electric plant, due to the presence of Coal Creek water. The power plant was instead located at what is now Waneka Lake. Boulder County Clerk records show that Mary Miller bought the reservoir in 1904 from William, Frank and Guy Harmon, but the Harmons retained rights to some of the water flowing into Miller and Harmon Reservoir. The power plant was last used in the 1920s and was torn down in 1963.[12]
Boulder County Clerk and Recorder records show that the City of Lafayette bought "Henry Waneka Reservoir" from J.B. Telleen in October 1972. Several years later, the State of Colorado deemed the reservoir unsafe, but the City of Lafayette made repairs and brought the reservoir up to muster.[22]
Today[edit]
The Lafayette City Council serves as the community's legislative body, enacting ordinances, appropriating funds to conduct city business, and providing policy direction for city governance through the city administrator. The council consists of seven members who are elected on a non-partisan basis in odd-numbered years. Terms are staggered as four seats must be filled each election year. The three councilors with the most votes serve four-year terms and the fourth receives a two-year term. The mayor and mayor pro-tem are selected by the City Council for two-year terms. The current mayor of Lafayette is Alexandra Lynch and the mayor pro-tem is Jamie Harkins.[23]
Notable political vacancies in Lafayette's history:
Died in office: Lafayette Miller, 1878, town of Boulder trustee; died while in office.
Removals: Richard W. Morgan, 1907, Colorado state senator; removed from office for accepting $700 bribe.
City council resignations: Walter Moon, 1891 (an alderman); Carl Williams, 1980; John Drennen, 1986; Candy Fox, 1996; Bryan Olson, 1996; Mike Romero, 1999; Dennis Buck, 2000; Mark Hoskins, 2001; Tom Anderson, 2001; Andy Proctor, 2002; Dave Schneller, 2003; Tom Hogue, 2003; Alex Schatz, 2005; Kerry Bensman, 2010; Chris Cameron, 2010; Tom Dowling, 2016; Gustavo Reyna, 2018; Christine Berg, 2019; Merrily Mazza, 2019.
In 2010 leaders were signed for several empty big-box stores on South Boulder Road. Jax Sporting Goods moved into the old Ace Hardware building on the corner of S. Boulder and Highway 287, and next door Sunflower Market opened a new store where Albertsons had been housed. In 2014, new commercial buildings were built in the same marketplace, that house a few restaurants like Chipotle, and telecommunications companies like AT&T.
Lafayette has a variety of events each year, including a peach festival, a wine festival, and Lafayette Days. Every January an oatmeal festival in cooperation with the Quaker Oats Company was held with a fitness run around Waneka Lake, but it was last held in 2019. Festival Plaza is a gathering place in Old Town Lafayette on Public Road and Chester Streets. The Plaza is composed of a series of four smaller interconnected plazas each designed with features to promote various events.
Lafayette public schools are part of the Boulder Valley School District. The main public high school in Lafayette is Centaurus High School, which has approximately 1,000 students. Peak to Peak Charter School offers kindergarten through high school. The public middle school is Angevine Middle School. This school feeds into Centaurus and is also very diverse. The elementary schools are Lafayette, Alicia Sanchez, Bernard D. 'Pat' Ryan STEAM school, and Pioneer Elementary, a bilingual school where English and Spanish are both spoken. Alexander Dawson School is a private K-12 college prep school in the north part of town.
1900 970 136.6%
1920 1,815 −4.1%
1980 8,985 156.9%
2010 24,453 5.4%
Est. 2016 28,261 [8] 15.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[24]
As of the census[25] of 2010, there were 24,453 people, 9,632 households, and 6,354 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,584 people per square mile (997.8/km²). There were 9,997 housing units at an average density of 1,052.3 per square mile (408.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.6% White, 1.1% African American, 0.9% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.4% some other race, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.2% of the population.[26]
There were 9,632 households, of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them; 49.9% were headed by married couples living together; 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present; and 34.0% were non-families. Of all households, 25.5% were made up of individuals, and 5.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Average household size was 2.54, and average family size was 3.08.[26]
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.[26]
For the period 2009-2011, the estimated median income for a household in the city in 2010 was $66,202, and the median income for a family was $79,212. Male full-time workers had a median income of $54,313 versus $50,166 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,711. About 9.3% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line.[27]
Bob Beauprez, Republican politician
Devon Beitzel, former professional basketball point guard
John C. Buechner, educator, politician and City Councillor
Rachel K. Gillette, an attorney who specializes in law relating to marijuana
Lars Grimsrud, aerospace engineer and performance automobile enthusiast
Maria Handley, member-at-large of the Democratic National Committee
Steven Lindsey, a retired U.S. Air Force officer and NASA astronaut
John Massaro, also known as John Vincent Hazlett, guitarist and wrote songs for Steve Miller Band
Mary E. Miller (1843–1921) founded the town of Lafayette, Colorado
Marilyn Sitzman, receptionist and witness to the assassination of JFK
Jessica Watkins, geologist, former international rugby player and 2017 NASA astronaut candidate [28]
Edward Lawrence Doyle, (1886-1954) coal miner and United Mine Workers Dist. 15 secretary-treasurer based in Denver from 1912 to 1917. Doyle corresponded regularly with labor activist Mother Jones and with author Upton Sinclair, who wrote "King Coal," an exposé on the dangerous conditions Colorado coal miners faced. Doyle was entrusted by Sinclair to proofread "King Coal" for accuracy prior to its release in 1917.
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^ a b "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs. Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
^ a b "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
^ "Staff Directory: Christine Berg". City of Lafayette. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
^ "Staff Directory: Gustavo Reyna". City of Lafayette. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
^ "Staff Directory: Gary Klaphake". City of Lafayette. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
^ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jul 25, 2017.
^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original (JavaScript/HTML) on November 4, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lafayette city, Colorado". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Conarroe, Doug (2017). 80026: An illustrated history of Lafayette, Colo. - 1829 to 1929 (1st ed.). 6000 Bees LLC. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
^ "History of Lafayette". City of Lafayette. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
^ "Mary Miller". City of Lafayette. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
^ a b "Mrs. Mary E. Miller". Lafayette News, Lafayette, Colo. 13 December 1902.
^ a b Lafayette, Colorado History - Treeless Plain to Thriving City. Lafayette, Colo.: Lafayette Historical Society. 1990. pp. 15–19. ISBN 0881071544.
^ Conarroe, Carolyn (2001). Coal Mining in Colorado's Northern Field (2nd ed.). 6000 Bees LLC. ISBN 0971107319.
^ McKintosh, Marjorie (2016). Latinos of Boulder County, Colorado, 1900 to 1980. Old John Publishing.
^ "Lafayette, Colorado population". Suburban Stats.
^ City of Lafayette. "Recreation Facilities". Retrieved 29 March 2018.
^ "Clancy Waneka". Lafayette News. 27 September 1989.
^ Patten, Andrew R. (2006). History of Waneka Lake - Lafayette, Colorado. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ "City Council - Lafayette, CO - Official Website". cityoflafayette.com.
^ a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Lafayette city, Colorado". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates (DP03): Lafayette city, Colorado". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ "Astronaut Candidate Jessica Watkins". NASA.
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text:
Rockland District High School » For Families » Course Calendar » Diploma Requirements
An Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) will be granted to a student who earns a minimum of 30 credits of 110 hours each.
18 Compulsory Credits
Students must earn the following compulsory credits to obtain the Ontario Secondary School Diploma:
4 credits in English (1 credit per grade)
3 credits in mathematics (at least 1 credit in Grade 11 or 12)
2 credits in science
1 credit in Canadian history
1 credit in Canadian geography
1 credit in the arts (music, art, drama)
1 credit in health and physical education
1 credit in French as a second language
½ credit in civics and ½ credit in career studies
Plus one credit from each of the following groups:
1 additional credit in English, or French as a second language, or a Native language, or a classical or an international language, or social sciences and the humanities, or Canadian and world studies, or guidance and career education, or cooperative education
1 additional credit in health and physical education, or the arts, or business studies, or French as a second language, or cooperative education
1 additional credit in science (11 or 12), or technological education, or French as a second language, or computer studies, or cooperative education
In addition to the compulsory credits, students must complete:
12 Optional Credits
40 hours of community involvement activities
The provincial literacy requirement
An Ontario Secondary School Certificate (OSSC) will be granted to a student who earns a minimum of 14 credits of 110 hours each
7 Compulsory Credits
2 credits in English
1 credit in Mathematics
1 credit in Science
1 credit in Arts or Grade 9 to 12 Technology
1 credit in Canadian History or Canadian Geography
1 credit in Physical and Health Education
7 Optional Credits
In addition to the 7 compulsory credits, students have to earn 7 optional credits in courses of their choice, selected from the full list of courses available in the school. Optional credits allow students to build an educational program that suits their individual interests and meets apprenticeship or work requirements.
A Certificate of Accomplishment (COA) may be granted to a student who leaves school before fulfilling the requirements for the Ontario Secondary School Diploma or the Ontario Secondary School Certificate.
The Certificate of Accomplishment is a way of recognising the accomplishments of students who plan to take other kinds of further training or who plan to find employment after school. An Ontario Student Transcript will be attached to indicate what credits have been earned. A Certificate of Accomplishment will only be issued once.
Substitutions for compulsory credits
In order to allow flexibility in designing a student's program and to ensure that all students can qualify for the Secondary School Diploma, substitutions may be made for a limited number of compulsory credits. These courses must be selected from course offerings that meet the requirements for compulsory credits. To meet individual students' needs, the principal may replace up to three of these courses (or the equivalent in half courses) with courses that meet the compulsory credit requirements. Each substitution will be noted on the student's Ontario Student Transcript.
Students may receive credit without taking a course if they have demonstrated that they have the skills and knowledge from prior learning to meet the expectations for the course set out in the curriculum. To receive a credit through the PLAR process, students are assessed through a formal test, along with other methods of evaluation appropriate for the subject area.
Students may obtain a maximum of four (4) credits through the PLAR process, but not more than two (2) in one subject area. PLAR applies only to courses in Grade 10 to 12.
ALL attempts at a course in Grade Eleven and Twelve will appear on the student transcript INCLUDING courses from which the student has withdrawn after five instructional days from the mid-term report.
Forty hours of documented community involvement is a requirement of graduation.
Passing the Ontario secondary school literacy test (OSSLT) or the Ontario literacy course is a requirement of graduation.
The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test
All students beginning Grade 9 in the 2001-2002 school year and in subsequent years must pass the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test given in Grade 10 in order to earn a Secondary School Diploma or they must pass the grade 12 Ontario Literacy Course. This test, designed by the Ontario Education Quality and Accountability Office evaluates students' reading and writing skills based on curriculum expectations in language and communications up to and including Grade 9.
Accommodations may be made for students with an IEP and in accordance with EQAO policies. Students whose Individual Education Plan indicates that the student is not working towards a Secondary School Diploma may, with parental/guardian consent and the approval of the principal, be exempt from writing the test. Students who might benefit from a deferral of the test may include students who have been identified as exceptional and students registered in English as a Second Language courses and students who were not successful in achieving the reading and writing skills appropriate to Grade 9. A parent/guardian may request such a deferral. As well, the principal in consultation with the parent/guardian may initiate a deferral.
Community Involvement Activities
As part of the diploma requirements, students must complete a minimum of 40 hours of community involvement activities during their years in the secondary school program. Students, in collaboration with their parents/guardians, will decide how they will complete the community involvement requirement.
Community Involvement activities may take place in a variety of settings (e.g. Not-for-profit organizations, hospitals, informal settings, etc.). Students may not fulfil the requirement through activities that are counted towards a credit (e.g. Co-operative education and work experience), through paid work, or by assuming duties normally performed by a paid employee.
The requirement is to be completed outside students' normal instructional hours - that is, the activities are to take place in students' designated lunch hours, after school, on weekends, or during school holidays. Please note that the "Notification of Planned Community Involvement" form must be brought to the principal for approval BEFORE the student starts an activity that does not fit in with the activities approved by the board.
The principal will decide whether the student has met the requirements of both the ministry and the Board for these activities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As promised, Taming the Terminal isn't over yet! Bart Busschots joins us to talk about SSH Agents. We'll talk about how Apple changed things in El Capitan so that you'll have to log into your server with your passphrase more often, and how Bart has a fix for that problem. Bart does a great job of reminding us of what we learned about SSH back in parts 29 and 30 of Taming the Terminal so it's easier to get back up to speed to follow along. And as always, Bart's full tutorial is available at bartbusschots.ie/….


Fresh off her incredible half-time show last month, Lady Gaga is heading to the Superbowl of drag to sit on the judging panel of RuPaul's Drag Race.
Gaga is set to be one of the biggest stars to sit alongside RuPaul and Michelle Visage and will joining the ranks of Debbie Reynolds, Martha Wash, Jackie Collins, Janice Dickinson as well as a plethora of other divas, stars and celebrities.
It seems Mother Monster was recruited for the show after straight up asking RuPaul on Twitter last year.
The news was revealed in a short trailer posted this morning by Gaga and broadcaster LogoTV to much buzz. The season 9 contestants featured in the trailer look as though they may even need some medical attention.
Watch the teaser for Lady Gaga's RuPaul's Drag Race appearance below.


Why all the fuss over mammograms, and who is the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)?
The USPSTF is an independent panel of physicians who review guidelines for clinical screenings. The Task Force updates their recommendations every five years, with their most recent draft update made this year and their previous update in 2009, when they recommended biennial screening mammography for only women ages 50-74. The Task Force's 2009 changes and 2015 review have created a lot of media, which has resulted in additional media and attention being given to several unfounded mammography studies that are not backed by solid research or new technologies.
What exactly are the flaws in recent studies and the USPSTF data?
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for screening guideline development are considered the "gold standard" among the medical community; many recent studies' methods do not meet those standards and are NOT considered "trustworthy guidelines" by respected doctors.
No direct research was used in many of the recent studies or by the USPSTF. Statistics and computer models that estimate screening mammography benefits by ages are NOT accepted scientific approaches. Trusted research should include randomized, double-blinded study methods that measure real outcomes. Gold standard research reflects a 30% decrease in mortality from breast cancer since 1990 due to screening women 40+ annually and improved treatments; the National Cancer Institute puts the drop in mortality at 35% since the mid-1980s.
No breast imaging or breast cancer experts were included on the USPSTF panel or meetings.
New and improved technology was NOT considered.
Many recent studies and the USPSTF do NOT take into account improved mammography techniques and technology, thereby misrepresenting their statements regarding over-diagnosis and harms of mammography. Outdated data has biased the results and often does not take into account the benefits of life-years saved and improved, and sometimes less invasive, treatment options offered when cancers are detected earlier.
There is no way to dictate which non-invasive cancers (DCIS) will be fatal.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer found in the milk ducts of the breast tissue, however it only accounts for less than 1/3 of the cancers detected at Charlotte Radiology. Additionally, it is impossible to know which of these DCIS cancers will develop into the more dangerous invasive cancers.
Age matters more than family history!
Cancers in women under 50 are often more aggressive, making screening women under 50 even more important.
75% of women diagnosed have no family history; we risk NOT detecting the majority of breast cancers in women under 50.
What are the possible impacts of these flawed recommendations?
Unnecessary Deaths: Analysis of the Task Force's methodology (and some recent studies) shows that if their recommendations are followed, approximately 6,500 additional US women each year would die from breast cancer.
Loss of Coverage for Mammograms for Some Women: The USPSTF revised grading and recommendations put insurance coverage for annual mammograms, as well as all mammograms for women age 40-49, at risk, as the Affordable Care Act only requires private insurers to cover exams given a grade "B" or higher by the USPSTF (a "B" was only given to mammograms for women ages 50-74 every other year).
Charlotte Radiology is one of the nation's largest radiology practices, serving the greater Charlotte area for nearly 50 years. Locally, our data supports our recommendation for annual screening mammography for women ages 40+.
Why start at age 40?
From July 1996-December 2013, we have conducted more than 1.1 million screening mammograms. Of the breast cancers detected using screening mammography, more than 20% were found in women ages 40-49. Additionally, 40% of life-years-lost to breast cancer are in women diagnosed in their 40s.
The bottom line is that early detection is the key to beating breast cancer. Additionally, annual screening results in lower recall rates than does biennial screening and finds cancer at its earliest stage - providing a more favorable prognosis.
How prevalent is DCIS cancer vs. Invasive cancer?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer, however DCIS or non-invasive cancers make up less than 1/3 of the cancers detected at Charlotte Radiology. In a review of our data from 2011-2014, invasive cancers accounted for 71.7% of the total cancers detected, and approximately 45% of those invasive cancers were found in screening mammography patients.
What about recommendations for Tomosynthesis or 3D Mammography?
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (also known as 3D Mammography) creates multiple images that allow the radiologists to look at different layers of the breast tissue, helping to distinguish normal breast tissue from abnormal breast tissue. Tomosynthesis is of greatest benefit to women with dense breast tissue. The USPSTF also reviewed tomosynthesis and concluded there is "not enough evidence to determine whether it will result in improved health or quality of life or fewer deaths among women." Data on mortality takes 20-30 years to gather; so it is too soon to formally assess mortality rates for 3D mammography. However, "accuracy data" is available. In fact, Charlotte Radiology's data of 3D mammography reflects a 35% decrease in our recall rate in women with dense breast tissue, which helps decrease the anxiety of false positives often cited as a harm by the USPSTF. Additionally, we are finding a higher cancer detection rate increasing our catches of invasive breast cancers.


text:
The Instant Insanity Problem
Solution to the Instant Insanity Problem
Creating Instant Insanity Cubes
Years ago, a puzzle arose by the name of Instant Insanity by which you would take $4$ cubes of varying colours (e.g. red, orange, yellow, and green) with each cube having different colours on it, and try to stack them up as a rectangular prism. To solve the puzzle, you'd have to make it so that each rectangular face of the prism contained all four of the colours. The colours of the ends of the rectangular prism did not matter. For example:
The image above only shows two of the four rectangular faces of the rectangular prism, but each rectangular contains all of the colours. If the other two rectangular faces that are hidden also have one of each colour, then this would be a solution to the Instant Insanity problem. Notice that the colours of the ends don't matter. Now let's look at an arrangement of the cubes that is not a solution:
This is clearly not a solution to the Instant Insanity problem because one of the rectangles of the rectangular prism is missing red and has two oranges.
Now it might seem like finding a solution with four cubes is rather easy. The thing is, there are thousands of possibilities, so trial and error is not an effective approach.
Imagine we take the four cubes and disassemble them in the following manner:
For example, here is a set of four coloured cubes (red, yellow, green, and blue) with a solution:
Now what we are going to want to do is create a graph representing each cube. We will have the colours be vertices of the graph, and edges be opposite faces of the cube. Front/back, left/right, and top/bottom are considered opposite faces of the cube. From the example above, we obtain the following graphs of the four cubes:
Now we're going to layer the graphs of the four cubes on top of each other, or superimpose them to make one large graph. We will label the edges of this superimposed graph with numbers corresponding to the cube they came from. The superimposed graph in our example is as follows:
Now we will be able to find a solution if we can find two subgraphs. Both of these subgraphs must have three specific properties:
1. Each of the subgraphs must contain exactly one edge from each cube. That is, a subgraph cannot contain two edges from one cube.
2. There cannot be any shared edges between the two subgraphs.
3. Each vertex of these subgraphs must be incident with exactly two edges.
For our example, we can obtain the following subgraphs:
Note that if two subgraphs with these properties cannot be formed, then there does not exist a solution to the set of cubes. If more than two subgraphs can be formed with these properties, then there is more than one solution to the set of cubes.
Now we're going to use these two subgraphs in order to tell us the orientation of the cubes. The first subgraph will tell us the colours of the faces of the cubes in the front/back positions, while the second subgraph will tell us the colours of the faces of the cubes in the left/right positions of the rectangular prism. Notice that the other edges of the cubes do not matter since they are either hidden or irrelevant to the problem, so we will not colour them in the example. Hence we obtain the following solution:
Notice that all four faces of the rectangular prism contain each colour once. Hence we have found a solution. Verify that the colours on the cubes exist by taking the figure from earlier and constructing it into $4$ cubes, then orient them from the information given in the two subgraphs we found.
You can easily create your own set of Instant Insanity cubes by working in the reverse process. First create two subgraphs with the three properties mention earlier, and super impose them. Then use any other colours for the rest of the faces of the cubes. Separate the graph into the $4$ graphs representing cubes $1$, $2$, $3$, and $4$. Each of these graphs will tell you the colours of opposite faces of the cube. You can then construct the cubes and verify the solution by orienting the cubes in accordance to the two subgraphs you started with.


text:
Fawning Farewells? Not for Republicans
By L. Brent Bozell III
Published Jan. 11, 2017
For weeks, the liberal media have celebrated all that President Barack Obama means ... to them. CNN produced a two-hour documentary on the Obama legacy that never mentioned things like annual trillion-dollar deficits. Fareed Zakaria wrapped up the show saying, "He ran an administration that was largely scandal-free and did it all the while under a microscope because he looked different."
This kind of fake news will continue through Obama's farewell address and President-elect Trump's inauguration. But let's dig in to media history to recall how differently the media treated President Ronald Reagan as he delivered his farewell address to the American people in 1989. The night before the speech, CBS reporter Lesley Stahl spoke for the media elites on NBC's "Later" with Bob Costas. "I predict historians are going to be totally baffled by how the American people fell in love with this man and followed him the way we did," she said.
That was a confession. No matter how diligently Stahl and her liberal colleagues had tried, their attacks on Reagan could not weaken his hold on the public.
Just moments after the speech, ABC brought in Sam Donaldson to kvetch. He said: "It was a very self-congratulatory speech. The president talked about his accomplishments in very glowing terms. He talked about the deficit once. But he didn't mention a lot of things that historians will look and say 'No, it didn't happen just that way, and it didn't turn out that well.'"
It was common to bring up what Reagan wouldn't mention. The morning after the speech, ABC anchor Lark McCarthy announced: "The speech did not mention the Iran-Contra scandal, the hostages or Panama. And there was no mention of ethics or the continuing nightmare of terrorism." Correspondent Jeanne Meserve did the same, saying, "The president barely mentioned the federal deficit and didn't talk at all about some of the other failures of his presidency: Central American policy, the Iran-Contra affair and the American hostages in Lebanon."
On "CBS This Morning" that day, co-host Harry Smith pressed Reagan's daughter Maureen Reagan about poverty: "He talked about being proud of what's happened with the economy, about the millions of new jobs that have been created. And as I listened to that, I also thought one out of five babies born in the United States are born into poverty. There are hundreds of thousands of people in this country now that are homeless, have no place to live. I wonder, how does your father reconcile that in his mind? How does he reconcile those two things?"
That evening, CBS reporter Richard Threlkeld gave Reagan credit for one achievement: "peace abroad." As for the recovery, he argued, "Things are not nearly as prosperous as the president makes them sound," ludicrously claiming that Jimmy Carter was a better president. "On average, more new jobs were created every year under Jimmy Carter than Ronald Reagan," he said.
Appearing on the CBS late-night news show "Nightwatch" with Charlie Rose that same evening, Laurence Barrett of Time magazine noted that Reagan didn't say much about then-president-elect George H.W. Bush: "That would have prompted all of us to say, 'Hey, why didn't he mention the horrendous problems he's leaving George Bush?' Reagan pumped a lot of electricity into the American system when it needed it. He's leaving it to George to pay the electricity bill." Barrett slammed Reagan as "the perpetrator of the great free-lunch illusion: that we could have all of these goodies and not pay the bill."
That was then. This is now. Joe Klein of Time magazine summarized Obama's tenure by saying: "There would be little melodrama and absolutely no hint of scandal during his time in office. The conservative fever swamps would be no less pustulent than they were during the Clinton presidency — indeed, the level of race-based hatemongering was frightening — but somehow the Obamas never let it get to them."
• 01/06/17 Freedom of Association Is Great ... for Libs
• 01/04/17 Can Speculation Be Defined as News?
• 12/30/16 Cultural Winners and Losers of 2016
• 12/28/16 The Newspapers Bully Sen. Sessions
• 12/23/16 The real War on Christmas . . . is a real war
• 12/21/16 Who is advocating for 'banana republicism'?
• 12/16/16 Obama Underlines Failure at 'The Daily Show'
• 12/14/16 Whitewashing the Black President's Legacy
© 2020 Creators Syndicate


text:
Mostra Journal
Versão Português VignettePoster
Find the Theathers
Mostra Central
Nine Chronicles For A Screaming Heart
Nove Crônicas Para Um Coração Aos Berros
In this mosaic of human relationships and everyday situations, men and women of all ages feel an intense need to reinvent themselves. Larissa no longer likes Mário. Leopoldo doesn't know if he should stay or go. Júlio still lives with his mother. Simone is tired of being a prostitute. Vanise reminds herself of what it means to be a woman. Phillip does not want to return to Germany. Carol holds too many memories. André wants to make a different kind of music. Denise decides to experience new things while there's still time. They all live in a moment of deviation, each in their own way.
GUSTAVO GALVÃO
Born in Brasília, Brazil, in 1976. He graduated in journalism from the University of Brasília and studied film at Escuela Superior de Artes y Espectáculos in Madrid. Galvão made his debut in feature films direction with Nine Chronicles for a Screaming Heart (2012, 36th Mostra). He is also the director of the feature A Violent Dose of Anything (2013, 37th Mostra).


text:
'This is getting silly': Qld CHO defends her AstraZeneca vaccine advice
By Stuart Layt
July 1, 2021 — 12.29pm
For our free coronavirus pandemic coverage, learn more here.
Under fire from the federal government and medical professionals, Queensland's Chief Health Officer has fronted a defiant press conference to defend her comments about whether people under 40 should get the AstraZeneca vaccine rather than Pfizer.
Dr Jeannette Young drew criticism when she said on Wednesday it was her advice that no one under 40 should get the AstraZeneca vaccine in the current circumstances, due to the small risk of the clotting side-effect.
On Thursday, at a rowdy press conference where journalists barked questions over each other, Dr Young said the reaction to her comments was "getting absolutely silly" and clarified her stance.
She did not change her position.
"I don't want an 18-year-old in Queensland dying from a clotting illness who, if they got COVID, probably wouldn't die," Dr Young said on Wednesday.
That position received flak from the federal government and many commentators, after Prime Minister Scott Morrison earlier this week announced that GPs would be given indemnity against any adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca vaccine.
"My advice is very, very clear that people who are 60 years of age or older should be going to their GP or a Commonwealth vaccine clinic to get AstraZeneca," Dr Young said.
Queensland Chief Health Officer Jeannette Young. Credit:Getty
"Anyone under 60 ... if you haven't had your first dose and you are under the age of 60 and at least 16 years of age, then you should be scheduling yourself as soon as it becomes available to you to get the Pfizer vaccine."
The Queensland CHO said she was basing her advice on the facts available and her extensive experience as a public health expert.
"I am a doctor. I've been involved in Australia's vaccination program now for 16 years. I have the vaccination rate here for our little ones up to five years old up to 95 per cent. I am on the record as supporting vaccination," she said.
"But I want the right vaccine to go to the right person."
A feisty Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk backed Dr Young's expertise at the Thursday press appearance.
"Not only has [Dr Young's work as CHO] kept us safe, but it has actually allowed our economy to open up faster than most other places in Australia," the Premier said.
Federal Health Minister Greg Hunt responded to Dr Young's comments on Wednesday by saying the advice of the peak medical advisory body, the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI), was the "guiding light" for the vaccine rollout.
"Critically, what we've done is continue to follow the medical advice and the medical advice is that AstraZeneca is preferred for over 60s, that Pfizer is preferred for under 60s," Mr Hunt said.
Dr Young's stance was backed by Christopher Blyth, who co-chairs ATAGI, who said people under the age of 60 should only be considering AstraZeneca in "pressing" circumstances.
"There are some situations where that would be warranted, but they are quite small," Professor Blyth told ABC Radio on Thursday.
WA and NSW have both said they would not change their advice on which age group should receive which vaccine, while Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews appeared to side with the Commonwealth, saying people should listen to their GP and not politicians about which jab to get.
Dr Young is the country's longest-serving chief medical officer, having taken up her Queensland position in 2005, and is due to be appointed the state's governor in November.
Queensland Health
Stuart Layt covers health, science and technology for the Brisbane Times.Connect via Twitter or email.


text:
Carolyn Russell (* 18. Mai 1974 in Montreal) ist eine ehemalige kanadische Squashspielerin.

Karriere
Carolyn Russell spielte von 2001 bis April 2011 auf der WSA World Tour. Ihre höchste Platzierung in der Weltrangliste erreichte sie mit Rang 40 im März 2007. 1997 wurde sie Vize-Panamerikameisterin im Einzel. Bei den Panamerikanischen Spielen gewann sie mit der Mannschaft 1999 und 2007 die Goldmedaille sowie 2003 die Silbermedaille. Mit der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft nahm sie 1996, 2000, 2002, 2006 und 2008 an Weltmeisterschaften teil. Sie wurde 2006 kanadischer Landesmeister.

Erfolge
 Vize-Panamerikameisterin: 1997
 Panamerikanische Spiele: 2 × Gold (Mannschaft 1999 und 2007), 1 × Silber (Mannschaft 2003)
 Kanadischer Meister: 2006

Weblinks

Squashspieler (Kanada)
Panamerikaspielesieger (Squash)
Kanadischer Meister (Squash)
Teilnehmer an den Panamerikanischen Spielen (Kanada)
Geboren 1974
Kanadier
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bright, light clear straw yellow. Intense, fruity, aromatic, recalls wisteria. Very pleasant and fresh, with lovely fruity sensations and a final touch of sweet almond. Excellent as an aperitif, this wine can accompany the whole meal, from delicate rice and pasta dishes through to fruit desserts.


text:
Basta (în ) este un sit arheologic pre-istoric din Guvernoratul Ma'an, Iordania, situat la 36 de kilometri la sud-est de Petra. Este numit după satul contemporan din apropierea orașului Basta, care a găzduit o importantă garnizoană otomană în timpul Primului Război Mondial și a Marii Revolte Arabe.  Ca și locul din apropiere de Ba'ja, Basta a fost construită în jurului anului 7.000 î.Hr. și aparține perioadei pre-cereamice a Neoliticului B.  Basta este unul dintre primele locuri cunoscute ca având o populație stabilită, care a crescut culturi și animale domestice. Casele din Basta erau case uni-familiare, circulare, construite din calcar, cu podele din lemn. Deoarece așezarea Bastei este de dinainte de perioada olăritului, toate instrumentele găsite acolo erau fabricate din piatră și os. Instrumentele descoperite la acest sit includ pietre de moară și capete de săgeată din granit, acestea din urmă fiind remarcate pentru calitatea meșteșugului lor.

Nu s-au găsit morminte dedicate la Basta. În schimb, oamenii din Basta antică și-au îngropat morții sub casele lor pentru a-și aminti mai bine de strămoși. La fața locului au fost găsite o serie de figurine în formă de animal, care prezintă o gazelă șezând, un bou sau o vacă, un cap de urs și un cap de berbec. Se presupune că aceste figurine au servit unui scop religios.

Basta se află la o altitudine de aproximativ 1.460 de metri. Satul modern găzduiește 1.491 de persoane.

Referințe

Lectură suplimentară

 Gebel, Basta II: The Architecture and Stratigraphy. Berlin 2006.
 Nissen, Basta I: The Human Ecology. Berlin, 2004.

Situri arheologice din Iordania
Localități din Guvernoratul Ma'an
Așezări neolitice
Megasite-uri


text:
NWLA Family Justice Center helps domestic violence victims
The NWLA Family Justice Center in Bossier City. (Courtesy of Bill Davis)
By Bill Davis, Special to the Press-Tribune
The idea of NWLA FJC began more than 10 years ago to provide centralized services to victims of domestic violence right here to northwest Louisiana.
Bossier/Webster Parish District Attorney Schuyler Marvin had a vision to develop a one-stop shop to help coordinate various services for domestic violence victims, yet he "did not want to duplicate services that were already being provided by churches and other places that helped people in need," he noted.
"It was a huge undertaking and a long process to get it started," Marvin said. He said some people would tell him that there's not much domestic violence here because this is a nice place to live. "Sure, we're a nice place to live, but that's full of bull to think we don't have domestic violence going on." So, he wanted to do something about it.
In late 2007, a formal request from the 26th District Attorney's Office, along with community collaborators, was made to the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement (LCLE) to establish the Family Justice Center.
Office space was donated from Willis Knighton Health Systems, and with continuing workshops, meetings, community partnerships, the idea became a reality. Assistance from other family justice centers helped develop the structure for the operation, and in early 2016, a grant through the Victims of Crime Act provided the funding that allowed the NWLA Family Justice Center to open its doors.
The center is located at 1513 Doctors Drive in Bossier City and is a collaboration among public and private agencies, serving nine parishes in Caddo, Bossier, Webster, Bienville, Claiborne, DeSoto, Jackson, Sabine and Red River.
Jeri Bowen serves as the director for the NWLA FJC, and the vision of the center to become a central source to aid victims of domestic violence has become a reality.
"We work to ensure victims get counseling services, help with protective orders,
work with our partners such as Geaux Bags for children's services and Project Celebration to provide a safe house, provide transportation services, or bus services," Bowen said. "We also help victims with food and hygiene items, utility deposits, and medical and dental care, school relocation for children, all in an effort to have no out-of-pocket cost for victims of domestic violence."
Bossier Sheriff Julian Whittington has been in law enforcement for more than three decades and has seen the tragic impact that domestic violence has on victims and their families.
"The court process can be lengthy and burdensome, and some give up, thinking it might take too long," said Sheriff Whittington. "The Family Justice Center can help cut through all that and directly help victims get the services they need."
In July 2019, Sheriff Whittington committed another deputy – Dep. Stephen Mackey – to be assigned to FJC as part of the Domestic Violence Unit. He and Downey work alongside a Bossier City Police Officer and three victim advocates at the center.
For help, call (318) 584-7171, and the after-hours hotline number is (318) 226-5015.
BPT Staff


with support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.
The main theme of the exposition - methods and mechanisms of transformation of traditional culture into contemporary art. The exhibition presents painting, graphic art, photography, multimedia, objects of artists living in Udmurtia or working with Finno-Ugric theme.
"Contemporary Udmurtia is a laboratory for search of a new language which can express contemporary condition of the society in the Russian region. Works included into the exposition refer to different traditions, reminding us about their diversity. It is an artistic and anthropological research which discovers connections between different sign systems of contemporary culture, between tradition and art". Daria Tkacheva, art critic.
Zoya Lebedeva (flor textile, woodcut, video projection), Alexander Pilin (felt objects), City of Ustinov art group micro objects), Pavel Aksenov (graphic art), Andrey Yakovlev & Lili Aleeva (photography), Dmitry Ermakov, Lev Vakhitov (documentary), students of the A. Rodchenko Moscow School of Photography and Multimedia, video artists from Tver, Izhevsk, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.
Curator of the project: Alexander Yuminov.
Opening of the exhibition will take place on April 07 at 19.00.
April 08, 18.30. Master class by the artist Zoya Lebedeva "What the grass keeps silent about? No magic involved." Acquaintance with authorial weaving techniques: "flor textile", "carton-tool". Participants can create their own works from junk and utility waste. Utility waste as a cause for contemplation. Trodding untrodden paths - weaving and painting as a simple away to become familiar with art.
April 13, 18.30. Authorial guided tour with the director of Pro Magazine Group publishing house Ekaterina Chudakova.
Admission fee: 150 rub., discount - 100 rub. Free admission on Wednesdays.


This is a speech prepared by Stuart McCarthy and delivered by Marj Matchee to the mefloquine rally at Parliament Hill, Ottawa, on the afternoon of September 19th, 2017.
I am privileged to have been asked to share these words with you today, and proud that they are being delivered by this courageous lady, this warrior, Marj Matchee.
Thankyou all for being here, particularly those of you who have travelled from so far away.
My message is for Mr Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada.
When the Government of Canada deployed the Canadian Airborne Regiment to Somalia in 1992 in the service of the United Nations, what few Canadians know is that the members of that contingent were subjected to an unlawful experiment of the toxic antimalarial drug, mefloquine. This simple fact has been omitted from most of the history books.
In response to those crimes, the Chrétien government rightly initiated the Somalia Inquiry, uncovering much wrongdoing and resulting in the disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment. But Mr Chrétien made two fatal errors which have haunted Canada to this day.
The first was to shut down the inquiry just as it began to turn its attention to the mefloquine drug experiment. Had the inquiry taken its natural course, it would have found that the toxic effects of mefloquine contributed directly to the events now known as the Somalia Affair. The reason the inquiry was shut down is well known to everyone here at this rally. Corruption. Many lives have since been lost, and countless families destroyed, because of that corruption.
The second error was to underestimate the determination of Marj Matchee, a member of Flying Dust First Nation, who has been subjected to 25 years of gross injustice by successive Canadian governments. As you can see, Marj stands here today undeterred, still fighting for the truth.
Mr Trudeau the lady delivering this speech now represents a growing Army of some of the world's finest soldiers, from at least five democratic nations, whose resolve has been tested in places like Mogadishu, Al Amarah, Khas Uruzgan and Panjwaii. I doubt you will find those names on Instagram or Snapchat, so I humbly suggest you Google them. In those places these soldiers lived by the code of the warrior, prepared to lay down their lives in defence of the democratic principles you now claim to represent. Google those words too if you must – "warrior" and "democratic".
Grave injustices have been done to these warriors by Canadian and other governments, for a quarter of a century. In subjecting them to unlawful drug experiments in Somalia and elsewhere. In covering up the extensive harms and crimes caused by this toxic drug. In denying these warriors proper health care, and worse, mistreating them or accusing them of malingering. In the repeated lies and denials from government officials every day since, including officials from the Trudeau government. And in the culture of impunity that has denied natural justice to our brothers and sisters for all these years.
Today we lay the shame of these injustices at your feet Mr Trudeau.
As Marj Matchee speaks here, she voices the words of an international Army that will no longer tolerate the blatant corruption which has too easily poisoned the democratic institutions we fought to protect. And we stand here together with Canada's native veterans, including those of the the Flying Dust band, the Cree. Today with this voice, our voice, we take up this fight with the most powerful weapon of all – the truth.
Loud, clear and united, we now say this to you Mr Trudeau – reopen the Somalia Inquiry.
Let the truth be told. Let justice be done. Let those truly responsible for the Somalia Affair be finally held to account. Let the historical record be corrected.
And as you heed this call Mr Trudeau, as you ponder this fateful decision, know these two things: the world is watching, and history is forever. Make the right decision or carry this shame for eternity.
This entry was posted in Advocacy, Clinical Drug Trials, Media, Our Stories and tagged Canada, Clinical Trials, Corruption, Courage, Leadership, Media, Military, Policy, Politics, Roche, Somalia. Bookmark the permalink.


In a new report, clinicians at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) describe the implementation and effectiveness of a hospital-wide clinical improvement initiative for acute care patients at risk for DASH and demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing readmission rates.
"Patients with a DASH diagnosis can be found anywhere in the hospital, so it was important to include our entire patient population in our efforts," said Barbara E. Lakatos, DNP, PCNS-BC, APN, program director of the Psychiatric Nursing Resource Service at BWH and the lead author of the paper. "If not appropriately identified and treated, delirium can lead to negative outcomes and poor quality of life for those affected. We are committed to preventing this by assessing patients in an effort to correctly diagnose and treat those who present with potential DASH conditions so we can improve their care and outcomes."
"Whenever a patient was identified as high risk for DASH, we convened an interdisciplinary care team for a discussion about the best approach for that patient," said Adam C. Schaffer, MD, hospitalist at Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals and co-author of the report. "Although we established guidelines, the approach for each patient was personalized and directed by the collaborative care team with consideration of the patients' individual health history and symptoms."
"The success of this program shows the importance of a collaborative approach between nurses and physicians and driven by hospital leadership, in order to implement standardized assessment tools and clinical guidelines to effectively improve outcomes for our patients," said Lakatos.
Added David Gitlin, MD, chief of the division of Medical Psychiatry at Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals and co-author of the paper: "A key reason for these positive results is that our DASH program was embedded in the clinical culture at the Brigham. Successful implementation and sustainability in other organizations will similarly require aligning with processes and resources already in place."
Article authors: Barbara E. Lakatos, DNP, PCNS-BC, APN, program director, Psychiatric Nursing Resource Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Adam C. Schaffer, MD, is hospitalist, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals; David Gitlin, MD, chief, division of Medical Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals; Monique Mitchell, MS, PCNS-BC, APN, program director, Psychiatric Nursing Resource Service, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals; Leslie DeLisle, MS, PCNS-BC, APN, program director, Psychiatric Nursing Resource Service, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals; Mary Lou Etheredge, MS, PCNS-BC, APN, executive director, Nursing Practice Development and Psychiatric Nursing Resource Service, Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals. Andrea Shellman, MHSA, senior consultant, Center for Clinical Excellence, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Monica Baytos, MPH, senior analyst, Analytics Planning and Performance Improvement, Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Hospital-wide program for delirium, alcohol withdrawal and suicide/harm impacts readmission rates ." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 1 Jul. 2015. Web.