10am, The Rose & Crown. Come and enjoy some gorgeous Buckinghamshire countryside with a good helping of Tea & Cake along the way.
And a reminder that next week is also the 'Ride and Stride' event – Saturday 8th September. This is open to all Velo's riders – Mary will put together a route visiting a few churches who will be serving tea and cakes.
I am sure that like me you will not have missed the Lance Armstrong story that has or is going to lead to his disqualification from cycling. Here we have a man who has overcome cancer, won the Tour de France 7 times, and has protested his innonence consistently in the face of doping allegations. It seems strange that a man with such determination no longer has the motivation to defend himself in the face of such allegations.
Now I'm not going to spend too much dwelling in these events, like me you can find significant commentary on the matter in your regular daily read. But it has got me thinking. As ever what follows is based on no research whatsoever, and whilst it may purport to be fact, it may not be.
War is a tragic event, history is littered with it, and despite the modern age continues in lots of places around the globe. I don't wish to diminish in anyway the horrors, but it could be argued that the side effects have advanced human development at a rate that would not have happened otherwise.
The second world war and the subsequent cold war has created an era of flight that has shrunk the planet and ensures that you get to your holiday destination in a matter of hours and not days. The development of rockets made the space shuttle possible, and has put vehicles on Mars.
Not far from us, up at Bletchley, world war 2 boffins cracked thousands of codes, and created the early computers that have in turn enabled me to comminicate with you via the wibbly wobbly web this morning.
So what's this got to do with Lance? This is where the lack of research may start to show.
As I understand, young Lance liked to train at altitude, where the body has to work on a reduced oxygen level. Once the body has become acclimatised to this, it is able to perform at normal levels. A prompt return to normal altitude and the subsequent increase in oxygen gives a significant improvement in physical performance.
Of course the modern cyclist cannot spend enough time at altitude, and so the allegations are that after such training, blood is removed and then stored in readiness to be re-introduced at key sporting events.
So how might this benefit the aspiring Fatlete? Well many of us like to enjoy an evening sampling some isotonic beers or wines, but sometimes we don't get the opportunity, or we simply need to save a few pounds towards our new shiny machine. But now all you need to do is to simply drain of a few pints of the red stuff after your night out and stick it in the fridge. The next time your short of pounds or hours just reinject for that instant slightly intoxicated feeling.
Andy Beezer has agreed again to lead a steady paced group to ensure that anyone, as long as you've got a bicycle, gets to enjoy the ride whatever your fitness or speed. So no excuses.
Over the last few weeks we have been having much debate about the Vinghoe Velos, where we have been and where we are going!
Help tackle the growing problem of obesity in the country (not too successful in some cases!) – ok that wasn't one of our founding principles!
And so the Vinghoe Velos was born!
10 intrepid members of the group taking on an endurance ride as they set off to Normandy in September for a wine tasting extravaganza interspersed with daily bouts of cycling!
Bike purchases sufficient to restart the European economy!
2 Tandems regularly competing for the 'Jack' (Stalker) award!
So where now, we ask? – Watch this space for a Social being organised by our very own Publican (not forgetting "the other one") and renowned email raconteur, Gary (@turnoverdigger) Peter – yes there is a story there! The purpose is to openly talk about the good and the bad of the Vinghoe Velos and where it goes next, at the same time possibly having a couple of drinks and also welcoming any new people interested in joining us!
So to this weekend, the tea ride is out today at 10am and tomorrow we meet at the Rose and Crown at 0950 for a quick jaunt around the beautiful 3 Counties. Recognising that the 'quick jaunt' may not be for all, Andy Beezer has kindly offered to lead out a group aiming to average a much more reasonable 12mph.
The route! – 33 miles – not too hilly but remember its going to be warm, plenty of sunfactor 20 and water bottles filled!
The Historic Churches Ride and Stride is on Sat Sept 8th. Mary is happy to plan a route if anyone is interested and to get sponsor forms (half of the money raised goes to the Church of your choice and the rest to the Historic Churches Trust.) Perhaps those interested could let me or Mary know. We'll leave from Ivinghoe Church at 10.00am and possibly head for the hills!
Great turnout last Saturday, and sounds like it was a great ride- sorry I missed it. More summer-like weather this week, so come along for another tea ride- 10am at the Rose and Crown, all welcome, no one gets left behind.
Amazing ride last Saturday in the rain, 7 intrepid riders. Well done! Tomorrow the weather looks lovely, don't forget to apply some suntan lotion. Rose and Crown at 10am for tea, cake and adventure. New riders always welcome.
So there's every likelihood that the weather will follow suit of the first Saturday – the tea riders report that wellies would have been useful!
Elke & Angela will be aiming to follow the same route at non-road bike speed ……..


And here we are. The year that is 2018. It is the second week into the new year and so far, all I've been up to these days is lay on the bed. And I don't even feel bad (for now). I felt like 2017 went by so quickly that even right now, I'm struggling to think of what my personal highlights were for the year. But I can definitely say, closing the year in Michigan with family was the perfect way to wrap the year up for me.
How the trip happened is kinda worth sharing.
It all happened right after I had a confirmation date on when I'll be leaving my job with the bank. Right after I had my discussion with our HR department, I started feeling somewhat depressed that I'll soon be jobless and had to start from square one again with job hunting, interviews, first impressions, etc. My mind went straight into panic mode on spending my December with resumes and scouting around for job opportunities. And if all goes well, hopefully I'll be able to get something lined up in 2018.
My workplace is no more.
But that thought itself just got me even more depressed. I mean, sure, I definitely needed a job eventually but why not just take some time off and enjoy the holiday season. Calla did mention to me before that if it's possible, we should go somewhere for Christmas since Brunei is constantly in a grinch mode during the month of December.
So with that, I decided to scout around for possibilities on where we should go for our Christmas holiday. After talking to my colleagues at the office, one of their suggestions was to try South Korea since it'll be winter and the Christmas spirit is alive there. But I thought it might be a little too stressful for both of us considering we've never been there before and communication might be a bit tough. I gave that a pass. Another colleague suggested somewhere near like KK but we've done that almost every year. So another pass for me.
After a few more brainstorming ideas, I thought the perfect way to spend Christmas with the requirement of at least cold weather and a Christmassy feel, is definitely her hometown. White Christmas. √. Family. √. Plus, who doesn't like to be home for the holidays? But having booked numerous tickets to Michigan before, I expected the price tickets to be somewhat ridiculous considering it would be over the holiday period so I was prepared to scratch this off my list. A quick search on Cheaptickets revealed otherwise. Normally a flight ticket back to Michigan would cost me around BND $2000 - BND $2500 but strangely, this time it was showing me that it's about BND $1200. And over the Christmas period. Shocking, I know!
"Ok, I'll click this and then have a good think about this, close the window and sleep over it to see if it's feasible."
"Thank you for your purchase. Here's your confirmation code."
Needless to say, I had a minor freak out at the office and said out loud to all my colleagues that I think I just bought 2 tickets to Michigan. Everyone jumped out of their seats, took a look at my screen and started freaking out as well. Given that Calla had no knowledge of this, of course, I just felt like it would also be the perfect Christmas present to surprise her with.
So yes, it was an accidental purchase but probably the best one I've made. Of course, given the last drama encountered with confusing my dates, this time I've got everyone to checked to see if my dates were fine. And to be honest, I only started getting excited about the trip when we boarded the plane as throughout the entire time, I was just holding my breath hoping there wouldn't be another mess up. During our transit in KK, my mind started wondering if there could also be a possibility that I might have been scammed as our flight leaving KK wasn't showing up on the departure screen. And when it did, it was showing that our flight was scheduled to Seoul/Incheon instead of Shanghai/Pudong.
Flight 868 to Seoul / Incheon. Wait, not again?
So you can imagine how nervous I was but as soon as we got to the counter, we got confirmation that the flight is indeed scheduled to Shanghai and the screen was probably not updated correctly. What a troll! Right after our bags were checked in and as we boarded our plane, it was an instant holiday mode on for me. And the video below summarises our 36+ hours journey into 1 minute.
So there you go. The wrap up of my 2017. As far as 2018 goes, I am currently unemployed and just chilling hence the title; new year, same me. No goals or resolutions have been set but for starter, a shower would do me good right now. I hope it's been a great start of the year for all of you.


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Posted on20 October, 2018 | 12:48
Indian Man Buries Himself Alive in a Bid to Resurrect as God Three Days Later
An Indian man identified as Deeraj Kharol, who buried himself alive to become God, was rescued by the police after spending 8 hours in the grave.
The Indian man who was rushed to a health center, had been living in a temple in Karocho ka Kheda village, Rajasthan, for a few years and according to odditycentral.com, the man announced that he planned to bury himself alive as part of a bizarre ritual to attain 'samadhi' (salvation) and be resurrected as a God three days later.
However after the Indian man who helped in digging a pit for him near the temple where he stayed, was buried the police got wind of the ritual.
Police officers were deployed to the scene, after people from other villages and hamlets gathered to witness the ritual burial and covered the pit with stone slabs and mud, and started worshiping at the spot.
The villagers who were at the burial spot, reportedly stopped officer Mansingh Dev and his colleagues who arrived at the pit at around 2 am on Thursday from rescuing Deeraj Kharol, according to them, they were there to distract the ritual.
The policemen were however able to convince the village elders, that Deeraj Kharol would die out of suffocation if he wasn't rescued on time. He was reportedly brought out almost unconscious, and taken to a nearby hospital for treatment.
At the hospital, Deeraj Kharol who told the police officers that the burial ritual was an instruction by the "supreme power", said it was his own wish to perform 'samadhi', claiming he wanted to attain salvation.
The Indian man who told authorities to leave the villagers alone and hold him responsible for the incident, has been charged with the villagers who assisted him to bury himself alive.
By Habarurema Djamali
Katamba powerful General Manager of MTN ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A Leader Profile of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
A Leader Profile of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | GET SOLUTION: A paper outlining the personal experiences she had that shaped her as a leader.
What were the experiences that initiated the need for change?
What was her response?
What were key decisions and moments that shaped the trajectory of her career?
How has she communicated her vision and how was it caught by others who have supported her?
Draw out from her experiences, leadership lessons that can be passed on to up-and-coming leaders in and outside the political sphere.


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Home > Press > Fat-Repellent Nanolayers Can Make Oven Cleaning Easier
Fat-repellent coatings for household appliances such as ovens have been unveiled for the first time in Iran during a nanotechnology exhibition in Tehran.
Fat-Repellent Nanolayers Can Make Oven Cleaning Easier
Tehran, Iran | Posted on October 17th, 2018
The nano-products were unveiled at the 11th Nanotechnology Exhibition in Tehran which runs from October 13-16. One of the problems facing users is that they struggle while scrubbing fat off the surface of the oven. However, nanotechnology has solved this problem.
These days, many well-known home appliances companies such as Bosch, Siemens, Samsung, etc. use such coatings on the surface of ovens and fingerprint-repellent coatings on other houseware appliances to make it easier to clean them.
Iranian companies which produce home appliances and face the same challenge have decided to use nanotechnology to solve the problem. Accordingly, in 2016 and at the request of the Snowa home appliances company, researchers across the nation were instructed by the Special Nanotechnology Commission to domestically develop the technology to produce fat-repellent layers.
After passing through the verification stages, the Nanopad Sharif knowledge-based company was commissioned to produce such coatings. Now, the product produced at the company is a liquid capable of creating nano-based coatings with anti-repellent properties.
At the moment, agreements are being concluded with companies which have ordered the liquid called "Sharif Nanopad." The companies will use the nano-coatings in producing houseware appliances. The technology could be used in producing products with similar problems, hence increasing customers' satisfaction.
Iran Front Page
Copyright © IFP News
Aculon, Inc. Enters into Strategic Partnership Agreement with Henkel Corporation to Supply Key Mobile Device Manufacturers with NanoProof® PCB Waterproof Technology October 17th, 2018
Nanomaterials enable dual-mode heating and cooling device: Device could cut HVAC energy use by nearly 20% in the US December 2nd, 2020
New surface treatment could improve refrigeration efficiency: A slippery surface for liquids with very low surface tension promotes droplet formation, facilitating heat transfer May 17th, 2019
Bosch Sensortec launches ideation community to foster and accelerate innovative IoT applications : Creativity hub for customers, partners, developers and makers February 18th, 2019
Iran Develops Water-Repellent Nano-Paint December 5th, 2018
Invited CEA-Leti Paper at IEDM 2021 Identifies Main Challenges Facing Large-Scale Si Quantum Computing: Second Paper Details Innovative Silicon Quantum Device Integration For Effective Qubit Control December 17th, 2021
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals to Participate in Upcoming September 2021 Conferences September 1st, 2021
UVA Engineering researchers join quest to demonstrate photonic systems-on-chip: Future applications include faster, more efficient data centers and next-generation millimeter-wave wireless communication July 30th, 2021
Arrowhead Presents Preclinical Data on ARO-DUX4 at FSHD Society International Research Congress June 25th, 2021


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Serendipity Homemade Ice Cream In Webster Groves To Close; Will Reopen Next Spring in the Grove
COURTESY OF SERENDIPITY HOMEMADE ICE CREAM
Serendipity is leaving its Webster Groves home of eighteen years for the Grove.
For the past eighteen years, Serendipity Homemade Ice Cream (8130 Big Bend Boulevard, Webster Groves; 314-962-2700) has been a staple of the Webster Groves food scene, bringing joy and sweet treats to patrons from its storefront in the heart of the city's Old Orchard shopping district. Now, that era is drawing to a close; the shop's owner, Beckie Jacobs, announced that she will be closing the Webster Groves location on December 23, citing the inability for she and her landlord to reach a new lease agreement as the reason for the closure. Jacobs will reopen her ice cream business in the Grove sometime in the Spring of 2022.
"This is so bittersweet for me," says Jacobs in a release announcing the closure and new location. "After eighteen beloved years in Webster Groves, my customers have truly become family. Unfortunately, I've been unable to come to an agreement with my landlord, who terminated my lease, and I've been unsuccessful in finding a suitable, alternative location in Webster at this time. Fortunately, my plans for a new location in The Grove have been in the works for quite some time and we've got some super cool changes in store for our guests with our new City location."
Jacobs opened Serendipity in 2003, modeling her business off the ice cream parlors she used to visit when she was a kid growing up in St. Louis. Though she admitted to the RFT in a 2010 interview that she wasn't necessarily passionate about the frozen dessert, she liked it enough to see it as a way to develop her career path. That interest propelled her to dive headfirst into the business, enrolling in the University of Wisconsin-Madison's ice cream workshop to learn how to make the dessert before launching her storefront.
In her nearly two decades in business, Jacobs has distinguished herself as one of the city's premier ice cream brands, offering her homemade frozen concoctions to patrons of her shop as well as her wholesale restaurant customers for whom she is known to create custom flavors. She's also made a name for Serendipity as the city's definitive place to celebrate National Ice Cream for Breakfast Day, an annual spectacle held the first Saturday in February. Though the shop will be closed for this year's festivities, Jacobs is ensuring that her loyal customers can still celebrate with her through events at both the Parkmoor Drive-In in Webster Groves and the Sliced Pint downtown.
As for her new location in the Grove, which will be at 4400 Manchester Road, Jacobs says she has big plans, including a larger space, expanded menu and increased hours. In addition to ice cream, offerings at the forthcoming shop will include coffee and pastries for morning visitors and a larger selection on boozy "Spirited Shakes" for the evening crowd. She is also excited to offer new items like coffee floats, which feature coffee over a bon bon, affogato, an Italian concoction which pairs ice cream with a shot of espresso, and small Dutch pancakes, called poffertjes, served with a variety of toppings.
Jacobs had hoped to have the Grove location open sooner than Spring of 2022, but she explains that supply chain problems and construction issues have delayed the buildout. However, in addition to the partnerships with the Parkmoor and the Sliced Pint for "Ice Cream for Breakfast Day," she will be doing pop-ups around town until the shop opens so guests can continue to enjoy her sweet treats.
"The good news [is that] many of the restaurants that already serve my ice cream are stepping up to the plate to be pop-up partners," Jacobs says, assuring St. Louis dessert lovers that they will not be without her wares for too long.
Serendipity Homemade Ice Cream Beckie Jacobs the Grove Webster Groves Old Orchard National Ice Cream for Breakfast Day St. Louis restaurants St. Louis news St. Louis Missouri
Screen Grab Via Google Maps
Webster Groves Mainstay Big Sky Cafe Has Been Sold to Longtime Employee
By Cheryl Baehr | Jan 13, 2022
St. Louis Restaurant Openings and Closings: December 2021
By Cheryl Baehr | Jan 4, 2022
Robin Wheeler
Beckie Jacobs of Serendipity Homemade Ice Cream, Q&A
by Robin Wheeler | Aug 2, 2010
Beckie Jacobs of Serendipity Homemade Ice Cream
by Robin Wheeler | Jul 29, 2010


Purchased the Silent Top Stove Silencer about a year ago. Fits most stove tops easily. Provides alot of extra countertop workspa. ce in the RV kitchen. Only complaint is the edge is warping and separating from the from the main part of the top.
Sturgis Rally Camping Book Online> August of 2019 marks the 79th Sturgis® Motorcycle Rally™ and the experience promises to be unforgettable. This year, take part in an epic milestone in legendary motorcycle culture like you never have before. Book your stay with Glencoe CampResort and claim the best Sturgis lodging and rally.
For the 12th straight year, five-time race champion Ricky Carmichael will design a grueling course for the best. ticket. Camping options for Bike Week at Daytona International Speedway are now avai.
This report focuses on the Global Family Camping Tents Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, exclusively in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Afr.
Jun 04, 2014 · Has anyone been camping and taken their motorcycle — ie packed up all camping gear on the bike? Me and the hubby are going to the BMW motorcycle rally in a couple weeks and we are camping out.
Tents Camp in the midst of spectacular Highland scenery and explore Glen Nevis on the many footpaths that wind through forest and alongside the River Nevis.
No, we pitched tents at the "Bend In the Road" and brought along a broad selection of tiny-displacement pit bikes. We fit right in with this very sensible machine. Photo by Murilee Martin We made the.
A woman was injured in a motorcycle accident that occurred shortly. in the area of East Nye Lane and East College Parkway. The best seats at the Aviation Roundup, held at the Minden-Tahoe.
Van Humbeck, who rides a motorcycle and owns a motorhome, was camping in Goldstream Park for two weeks and. Van Humbeck sa.
Some of the establishments already operational are Crane Paper Bags Limited, which processes paper bags, Biyinzika Enterprise.
7 Ultralight Gadgets for Your Next Motorcycle Camping Trip. Open air, open road, open sky — it's the best of all worlds. But after a long day on the road, you want as many creature comforts as you can get your hands on; the challenge is being comfortable without packing everything and the kitchen sink.
There's so much to do outdoors whether you're holidaying in a caravan, under canvas in a large family tent, backpacking in the hills or just out for a day's walking.
Top it off with a waterproof rain fly. Even summer evenings can get a bit chilly, so an sleeping bag is a must, along with a sleeping pad to cushion campers from rocks and roots under the tent. Campin.
8 India Camping Tent (Volume, Value and Sales Price) We aim to provide the best industry and market research report to a seeker. Today, 'The Market Reports' is a one stop destination for all the repor.
Tyler had a lot of bad demons like I once had & they got the best of him, which is the sad. to for work cause all you have done is raced a motorcycle your entire life. In the last three years.
The roof top tent has become an omni-present fixture 0f the overlanding world. As such, we have published dozens of reviews and op-eds espousing the benefits of truck-top sleeping as well as comparative thoughts on soft-sided tents.
The Redverz Atacama Expedition Tent is the premier motorcycle tent for riders. The versatile garage design allows you stand up inside providing comfort, storage and security.
For those still looking for a place to camp during the 2010 Sturgis motorcycle rally. Jeffries said the campgrounds still has tent and RV spaces available for rally campers. Camping spaces are assi.
Great little tent for changing clothes, showering or using as a privy tent with a camping toilet. BUT.. The instruction pamphlet clearly states that there is a hole in the mesh roof for a shower hose to feed through.
When considering a tent for motorcycle camping, look for a small light weight tent. The simplest and time tested option is a tarp and some rope. If you string your rope between two stationary objects (two trees, two motorcycles or a tree and a motorcycle) and drape the tarp over it, you have the foundation for a tent.
The rise of camping and caravanning has coincided with the fact that many simply do not have the £2,000 or more it costs to go overseas. At the same time, sites in Britain have gone upmarket with spac.
So, outside of the obvious essentials like food, a tent, and your bike, we've made up a short list of camping related gear you really should take on an overnight adventure ride. Headlamp. Just for clarification, we're talking the light that you wear on your head.
Tents for Bike Touring, Bikepacking and In Between For two people traveling over several months, a solid and spacious tent is a must. There are couples that tour and get by with two-man tents, but in my opinion, a two-person tent is really a one-person tent.
Big Agnes' tents are a favorite of many, including The Wirecutter, which rated the company's Blacktail 3 as its best overall tent for camping. They liked the tent's light weight and use of high.
The best seats at the Aviation Roundup. sheriff's deputies were called Thursday morning to a crash involving a motorcycle and vehicle in front of Carson High School near the intersection.
A wall tent would be better, but you would be hard pressed to get even a small one into a car, and can just forget a MC trailer (plus setup and take down would be nightmarish). Most "camping" gear is sadly just designed for a couple weeks a year of use.
Sleeping Bags Like a motorcycle ride, a motorcycle camping trip is only as good as the equipment you bring along, and one of the most important pieces of camping gear is your sleeping bag. You can put up with a lot on a camping trip—bad roads, bad food, bad weather—as long as you get a good night's sleep.
9 of the best tents on the market for motorcyclists Rob Slade 16th July 2015 You may be on a RTW adventure or just staying the night at an ABR Rally, but we're pretty sure you'll be strapping a tent to the back of your bike.
More and more motorcyclists have taken to camping, both to reduce travel costs and to add an extremely enjoyable dimension to their adventures. Motorcycle camping offers an inexpensive, comfortable, relaxing way to see the country, enjoy nature.
On the weekend of April 6-7 the Stumpjumpers Motorcycle Club (SJMC. and KGM transport have also stepped up to create a top notch experience for all participants. SJMC will provide free onsite tent.
The tent also features 20 square feet of floor space. Purchase: $80. Coleman Red Canyon. Capacity: 8 Person Type: 3-Season. If you're looking to bring your entire house with you on a weekend camping trip then the Coleman Red Canyon is calling your name.
The main campground is accessible by vehicles and has paved sites for RVs, as well as grassy tent. exploring, motorcycle and ATV riding, and more. The lake is at 4,828 feet elevation, and although.


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Bal-Sagoth — английская группа, играющая в жанре симфонический блэк-метал, существующая с 1993 года. Как представитель эпик-метала, Bal-Sagoth тяготеют к крупным эпическим формам, создавая сюжетные концептуальные альбомы в жанре фэнтэзи. Альбомы группы объединяются в циклы с продолжением, их сюжеты полны различными языческими, квазиисторическими, квазимифологическими персонажами, в духе книг Говарда Лавкрафта и Роберта Э. Говарда, к которым в текстах песен периодически встречаются отсылки. Сюжеты циклов, как правило, носят героический, космогоническо-эсхатологический характер.

История
Английская группа Bal-Sagoth была основана вокалистом, композитором и поэтом Байроном Робертсом (Byron Roberts). Название происходит от книги Роберта Говарда «Боги Бал-Сагота». Робертс впервые задумал создать коллектив в 1989 году, но реализовал свою мечту лишь когда в 1993 году встретился с гитаристом Крисом Модлингом и его братом, барабанщиком Джоном. Вскоре состав группы был окончательно укомплектован басистом Джейсоном Портером (Jason Porter) и клавишником Винсентом Крабтри (Vincent Crabtree), и группа записала своё первое демо. Запись произвела впечатление на представителей Cacophonous Records, с группой был подписан контракт, и вскоре началась работа над дебютным альбомом «A Black Moon Broods over Lemuria» (вышел в 1995 году).

С тех пор Bal-Sagoth зарекомендовал себя как неординарный коллектив, сочетающий в своей музыке элементы блэк-, дэт- и пауэр-метал Сами музыканты описывают свой стиль как battle-metal, war-metal, epic barbarian metal, true britannic war metal и т. п. Звучание группы эволюционировало от жёсткого, гитарно-«дисторшного», «блэкового» на ранних альбомах к более выверенному, мелодизированному, «симфонизированному» звуку с акцентом на клавишные, хотя характерный «блэковый» вокал по-прежнему имеет место. Состав Bal-Sagoth неоднократно менялся, но «у руля» неизменно оставался главный идеолог группы Байрон. В настоящий момент группа является подопечной авторитетного «металлического» лейбла Nuclear Blast.

Участники

Текущий состав

 Байрон Робертс (англ. Byron Roberts) — концепция, лирика, вокал;
 Джонни Модлинг (англ. Jonny Maudling) — клавишные;
 Крис Модлинг (англ. Chris Maudling) — гитара;
 Марк Гринвелл (англ. Mark Greenwell) — бас-гитара;
 Пол Джексон (англ. Paul «Wak» Jackson) — ударные.

Бывшие участники

 Jason Porter — бас (на выступлениях);
 Vincent Crabtree — клавишные (на выступлениях), а также на нескольких записях демо 1993 года и первого альбома;
 Leon Forrest — клавишные (на выступлениях);
 Alistair MacLatchy — бас (на выступлениях);
 Dave Mackintosh — ударные;
 Dan Mullins − ударные.

Дискография

Номерные альбомы

Демозапись

 Demo (1993)

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт Bal-Sagoth
 Дискографии и рецензии на Russian Darkside e-Zine
 Bal-Sagoth на Encyclopaedia Metallum
 Bal-Sagoth на Metallibrary.Ru
 История группы

Симфоник-метал-группы Великобритании
Блэк-метал-группы Великобритании

Музыкальные коллективы, появившиеся в 1993 году

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Home/Results
Meet Elaine Howley
Meet Ray Gandy
Mile Honorees / Sponsors
Risks & Challenges
Curing Leukemia...One Stroke at a Time!
Elaine Howley (Boston, MA) is recognized by the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame as the co-world record-holder for the fastest Boston Light "Double," a 16-mile out-and-back swim across the Boston Harbor (between L-Street and Little Brewster Island). She became the second female to ever complete the course. Completed on August 12, 2010 in 7:07:48, her swim broke the 41-year-old record by 2 hours, 23 minutes.
Elaine completed the "Triple Crown" of open water, marathon swimming in 2009 by successfully completing swims around Manhattan, NY (28.5 miles); Catalina Island to the California mainland (21 miles); and the English Channel (21 miles).
Elaine has also completed swims of varying distances and difficulties including a 41K in Lake George, NY; a 10-miler in Lake Memphremagog, VT; a 12.5-miler in Key West, FL; and a 2.4-miler in 48 degree water in York, ME.
Learn more about Elaine at her website http:/blog.talesofthebeerbaby.com
A note from Elaine - "In July 1984, at just eight years of age, I lost my little sister, Rachel, to Leukemia. She was only three years old at the time, and I had been the bone marrow donor in the transplant that signaled a last-ditch attempt to save her life. I was devastated and felt inadequate for what I perceived as a failure of excruciating magnitude, but swimming helped me cope and come to terms with what had happened. I swim because I can and because so many children like Rachel can't.
Our swim this July is meant to honor Rachel and her valiant struggle against Leukemia while bringing hope to others dealing with it today.The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society is a charity close to my heart that does the good work of fighting these diseases everyday so that some day, other sisters won't have to go through what we did. Help us find a cure by supporting our swim!"
Consider Signing Up as a Mile Sponsor Today!


In Celebration of My Daughter Lauren.
She is my first born – and today is always a special day. Happy Birthday to my intelligent, beautiful, loving, kind, quirky and awesome daughter Lauren. Time flies! It's a blessing to see her on her journey blossoming, growing and finding her passion using her creativity and intellect. Lauren had a brief stint with Ford Models in high school – but decided modeling wasn't for her. She's always been a great role model for her brother Arie – who learned to hit the books hard watching her when he was a tiny tot. Lauren doesn't like spectacle and as I've often communicated with regard to my children. I always ask permission to share this part of my life because it brings a spotlight on them they don't really care much for. To celebrate publicly with class and with grace always respecting their wishes is paramount. Here's to Lauren!!
Beauty and Brains – my daughter Lauren Watley.
This entry was posted in Beauty, Life, Music and tagged Daughters, Ford Models, Jody Watley, Lauren Watley by Admin. Bookmark the permalink.


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What is Humanism
Why Humanism Matters
Humanists International
Humanism in Australia
Australia's Humanist Societies
President of CAHS
Australian Humanist Magazine
Australian Humanist of the Year
Australain Humanist Conventions
Humanist Community Workers
Campaigns and Issues
Discussion papers/submissions/letters
Freedom of Conscience
Australian Census
School Chaplaincy Program
Senate Prayer
Join a Humanist Society
Humanists Australia
Free thought activity in Australia - a history
Free thought activity in Australia: From margins to mainstream
By Rosslyn Ives
Freethought - 'thought unrestrained by deference to authority, especially in matters of religion,' and 'the school of thought which maintains that, in questions of religion, atheism is the only rationally acceptable conclusion.'[1]
The emergence of freethought in Western Europe and its colonies seems to be an almost inevitable outcome of the many changes that had occurred during the preceding centuries – changes that expanded knowledge and understanding about the place of humans in the scheme of things.
It is usual to mark the more significant changes as beginning in the late 15th century, with the voyages of discovery and exploration across the globe; along with the Renaissance, i.e. the 'rebirth' of human-centred ideas stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts. These changes were followed in the 17th and 18th centuries by the Scientific Revolution which stimulated the development of knowledge based on observation, experi-ments and careful recording. Then during the 18th century Enlightenment thinkers elevated the role of reason over revelation, leading them to critically challenge the long-established dominance of the church and monarchy. Later the American and French revolutions heralded the widening of political and legal rights for men – though not initially women.
By the 1840s and '50s debates about the relative merits and reliability of scientific versus religious knowledge was attracting widespread interest. This led to outspoken free-thinkers openly criticising the veracity of religion. These critics formed groups, held meetings, and wrote pamphlets. Their alternative, non-religious world view was given substantial reinforcement by the naturalist writings of men like Charles Darwin that pointed to the Earth being many millions of years old and species being capable of changing or evolving over time.
By adopting a naturalist interpretation, freethinkers were attacking the credibility of religions, Christianity in particular, which was believed to be crucial to maintaining morals and lawful behaviour in a civilised society. These concerns gave rise to the widely held view that, if free-thinking and the advocacy of non-religious ideas spread,
society would disintegrate into immorality and lawlessness. Consequently those who wanted to be well-regarded members of society were reluctant to associate with free-thinkers (see Darwin below).
An example of a militant freethinker who created a stir in the United Kingdom was Charles Bradlaugh (1833–91). Known as the 'champion of liberty', Bradlaugh was an inspiring example of what freethought activism can achieve. In 1866 Bradlaugh, with Charles Watts, founded the National Secular Society (NSS), a group that developed into a centre for freethought activism in the UK. In association with Annie Besant (theosophist and women's right activist, 1847–1933), Bradlaugh was responsible for reprinting a small American do-it-yourself pamphlet on methods of birth control, Fruits of Philosophy, or The Private Companion to Young married People. When Besant and Bradlaugh were committed for trial at the Old Bailey in 1877, they subpoenaed Darwin as an expert witness on Malthus and population control. However, Darwin pleaded ill health and did not appear.
Bradlaugh's battle to take his seat in the UK parliament attracted much publicity for himself and the NSS. He was first elected for the seat of Northampton in 1880. It was decided that an affirmation was not acceptable and as he was an infidel an oath would not be binding. He was therefore unable to take his seat although repeatedly elected. Eventually in 1886, after a general election and a change of Speaker, Bradlaugh was allowed to take an oath and at last take his seat. In 1888 Bradlaugh secured passage of an Oaths Amendment Act enshrining into law the right to affirm in all circumstances where an oath was otherwise required.
Freethought in Australia
In Australia freethought activism followed the developments in the 'mother country'. However, its beginnings were slower due to remoteness from the northern hemisphere population centres. What spurred greater freethought activity was the 1850s Victorian gold rush which attracted many thousands of fortune searchers from across the world. These newcomers brought news of freethought activism as exemplified by Bradlaugh. Heightened social expectations stimulated intellectual activity in Australia, resulting in the formation of freethought groups in many of the larger population centres of the east coast of Australia, particularly Melbourne due to its proximity to the goldfields.
While this article uses the term 'freethought' as an umbrella term, what the reader may find of interest is the
range of names that the many freethought groups have adopted since the mid-19th century – secular, freethought, rationalist, humanist and atheist – to give the most common ones in order of historical use. Over the years dozens of different groups have been formed. A few groups remained active for many decades, but most folded after only a few years. Although explaining why so many different terms have been used by freethinkers is not the
focus of this article, the reader will be able to pick up a few clues for this proliferation. They might even like to ponder whether the interest of non-religious Australians have been advanced or hampered by this multiplicity of names.
Based on the commonest terms used, the period from mid-1860s until recent times can be divided into three main eras: the secular, the rationalist and the humanist. This division was used by freethought activist Ray Dahlitz in his history of freethought in Australia, Secular Who's Who.[2]
The secular era: 1860–1900
During this period more than 30 groups have been identified. They typically called themselves 'secular' or 'freethought', and occasionally 'progressive' and/or 'spiritualist'. This latter term reflected an interest in spiritualism as a half-way house between religion and no religion that thrived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
One of the earliest groups to form was the Newcastle Secular Society (NSW, 1862), while another strand were the groups that advertised themselves as centres for free and progressive discussion, e.g. Sunday Free Discussion Society (Melbourne 1870), Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists (Melbourne, 1872), Adelaide Secular and Free Discussion Society (1876)
In the early 1880s some Australians became subscribers of a UK publication, The Freethinker. This magazine, established in 1881 by G. W Foote, an active freethinker, has been continuously in print until 2014, when it was converted into an online magazine. The circulation of The Freethinker probably led to the wider adoption of 'freethought' in group names, e.g. Brisbane Freethought Association (1884), Australasian Freethought Union (Sydney, 1884), SA Freethought Society (Adelaide, 1885).
One of the larger groups to be formed in 1882 was the Australasian Secular Association (ASA) – being pre-federation, membership reflected the regular links between New Zealand and the eastern states of Australia. The form-ation of the ASA was inspired by, and modelled on, the NSS of the UK. Most of its activities were in Melbourne which already had an established freethought and radical tradition, with publications being available through Coles Book Arcade run by freethinker Edward William Cole. Among other contributors was the well-known freethought essayist and author For the Term of his Natural Life, Marcus Clarke.
When the ASA asked Bradlaugh to send a representative from the NSS, Joseph Symes was chosen. He arrived in Melbourne in 1884. As well being a militant firebrand and public speaker, he founded and edited a monthly magazine called The Liberator, which ceased publication in 1904 when Symes retired [1]. He returned to England in 1906 and died there in 1907.
Symes also initiated the construction of a Hall of Science, a place where radical ideas on atheism, abortion, birth control and republicanism were discussed. The building was completed in 1889, though its use by free-thinkers was short lived. Due to the economic downturn and Symes' return to the UK, the building was sold. Some years later it was resold to the Catholic Church. The building still exists as part of St Vincent's Hospital on Victoria Parade, Fitzroy.
The Victorian National Trust has recently added the Hall of Science to its heritage register. It is a rare surviving purpose-built freethinkers' Hall of Science or Freethought Hall, since only four other halls are known to survive in the world. One is in Sydney (built 1890), two in Great Britain, and one in the US. The Melbourne building is the second oldest and it is a reminder, not only of these ardent early freethinkers, but also of the social and lasting consequences of freethought in our society today.[4]
The depression of late 1890s had a marked effect on economic activity in Victoria. It also depressed the liveliness of freethought groups, including the ASA, so that few stayed active for many more years.
The rationalist era: 1900–1960s
With most of the existing groups in disarray, the interest of freethinkers was drawn to publications put out by the London-based Rationalist Press Association (RPA), which was incorporated in1899, though it had been formed some years earlier. The printer for the RPA was a company founded by Charles Watts as a family business, Watts and Co. It maintained a close working relationship with the RPA for over 60 years.
The RPA operated by signing up subscribers who received advice on publications. These included a magazine digest of material of interest, along with numerous pocket-sized books including the well-known Thinker's Library series, which included reprints as well as some original titles. Between 1929 and 1951, 140 titles were published in the Thinker's Library series.[5] The RPA's regular magazine, still in production, went through several name changes over the years, eventually becoming the New Humanist in 1972, a reflection of the preferred term 'humanist' adopted widely after the Second World War.
The presence of RPA subscribers during the early decades of the twentieth century, and the appointment of voluntary 'secretaries' to maintain subscriptions and attract new ones, led to the formation of groups or societies identifying as 'rationalist', with the occasional use of 'secular' and 'freethought'. Around 24+ groups have left records of their activities, the main ones being:
1909, the Rationalist Association of Victoria (some RPA subscribers had been meeting informally since 1906).
1910, the Rationalist Association of NSW.
1914, Queensland Rationalist and Ethical Society.
1918, Rationalist Ass of WA and Rationalist Association of SA (1918).
Rationalist groups met to discuss ideas and held public meetings, sometimes published magazines. Their main focus was on disputing the veracity of religion and promoting the value of science and rational thinking. Over the decades the rationalist groups were given greater credibility by counting among their members socially prominent men such as philosopher John Anderson, historian Brian Fitzpatrick, scientists David Rivett and Michael White; lawyer, politician and later Chief Justice Sir John Latham; and the prominent lawyer and later County Court Judge, Alf Foster.
The rationalists in NSW and Victoria were fortunate to receive financial support from a number of wealthy men, both as direct donations and bequests. This helps explain the continued activity of the Melbourne-based Rationalist Society of Australia and the Sydney-based Rationalist Association of NSW, while the groups that had been active in the other states folded or changed names to either atheist or humanist.
A prominent activist during the rationalist era was UK-born John Langley. He became the full-time secretary of the Rationalist Association of Victoria in 1919. He was an outstanding debater and lecturer, having been trained in a Cambridge University theological college before he converted to rationalism. He became the founding editor of The Rationalist when it began production in 1924.
Personality clashes and ideological differences created serious tensions within the Rationalists. This resulted in the deposing of Langley in 1938 and the appointment of Bill Glanville Cook as his replacement as secretary and administrator of the now national Rationalist Association of Australia (RAA), and editor of The Rationalist.
Under Cook's leadership the rationalists continued to hold regular meetings and occasional weekend conferences up until the 1980s. In 1977, when Cook retired, a young lawyer Lesley Vick became the president of the RSA. For many years the RAA managed the money and investment side of rationalist activity, while the Melbourne-based Rationalist Society of Australia was the public face, running meetings, conferences and putting out The Rationalist, which over the years changed name first to The Australian Rationalist (1969-74), then The Rationalist Quarterly (1986-1990), adopting its current title of Australian Rationalist in 1990. After some years of internal wrangling the functions of the RAA was absorbed into the RSA, under the current leadership of Dr Meredith Doig.
The humanist era from 1950s
In the years after 1945, as the destruction wrought by the war, along with the incarceration and murder of millions of Jews, and others such as gypsies and homosexuals, became more fully known, many considered Christianity to be in a state of 'moral bankruptcy'. There was an urge to reconsider the role of religion in the public sphere. This attitude was an influential when the United Nations with entirely secular aims, was formed in 1945.
Some of the same people involved in the formation of the United Nations (UN) called for the need for a secular, ethical alternative to religion. Over 200 delegates, many from existing freethought organisations, met in Amsterdam in 1952 and agreed to form an organisation, the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU), and after much discussion agreed on 'humanism' and 'humanist' as the best freethought names. Many existing freethought groups from around the world affiliated with IHEU, and new groups using 'Humanist' were formed, including in Australia.
IHEU has non-government status at the UN and now has affiliated groups in over 140 countries.
Humanist societies in Australia
As news of formation of the IHEU trickled into Australia it stimulated the formation of humanist societies in most states:
1960, Sydney Humanist Group.
1961, Humanist Society of Victoria, formed through the auspices of the Melbourne Unitarian Church and some Rationalists.
1962, the Humanist Society of SA was formed by the coming together of individuals who belonged to interstate or overseas humanist or rationalist groups.
1964, Sydney Humanist Group changed its name to Humanist Society of NSW and the Canberra Humanist Society was formed.
1965, the Humanist Society of WA was formed and the separate state-based societies affiliated to form a national body, the Council of Australian Humanist Societies (CAHS).
In 1967 what had been the Rationalist Society of Queensland, by agreement with members, changed its name to the Humanist Society of Queensland.
Humanists were active lobbyists on a range of issues such as access to contraceptives, safe abortions, no-fault divorce, homosexual law reform, and the right to voluntary euthanasia, among many other human rights issues.
At the end of 1966 the first issue of The Australian Humanist was produced under the editorship of Bruce Muirden. It was a professional production, printed by E. J. McAlister & Co Pty Ltd in Adelaide. In 1975, after 36 issues it ceased publication. However, in 1983, under the editorship of SA philosopher, Peter Woolcock, the Australian Humanist (new series) was revived. At first it was published three times a year and inserted as a supple-ment in the Victorian Humanist. Copies were sent to the other state Humanist societies for distribution. By the end of 1984, James Gerrand from Victoria had taken over the editorship of the AH. In 1995 the AH become a quarterly
and was mailed out with the State humanist newsletters in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, with a single page of Humanist news for HSSA members. The SA Humanist news page was discontinued in early 2006 and replaced with an A4 insert. Since then Australian Humanist society members have received four copies of the AH per year.
Recognising the forward-thinking step made in 1973 by then Attorney-General, Lionel Murphy, who set up the civil celebrant program, Australian Humanists put in place their annual Australian Humanist of the Year (AHoY) award, making Lionel Murphy the first recipient in 1983, again a pivotal year under the CAHS presidency of John Hirshman. Over the years other AHoYs have included Phillip Adams, Fred Hollows, Peter Singer, Eva Cox, Robyn Williams, Lyn Allison, Tim Flannery, Peter Cundall, Jane Caro and Geoffrey Robertson.
From 1960 to the present, Humanist Societies have continued to be active, by holding regular meetings, putting out publications, and preparing submissions and press releases. Each year representatives from each state-based humanist society meet over three days for a CAHS Convention, where activities for the coming year are planned, speakers heard and AHOY awarded.
In the recent decade, in keeping with the tradition of the frequent formation of freethought groups, there has been a growth in atheist groups. These have been assisted with funding and speakers primarily from the United States. Compared to Humanism or even rationalism the attraction of atheism as a label is the simplicity of its message––no belief in god.
This brief overview has given a generalised picture of organised freethought in Australia since about 1860. Over that time Australia's settler society has changed from being predominantly Christian and of European origin, to the multi-cultural society of today, with a range of different religions and a growing cohort of non-religious people. Social surveys show the non-religious are now around 40 per cent of population, with regular attendance at religious services having fallen below 10%. The more conservative data from the 2011 Census recorded 22 % as non-religious, 61 % as Christian and about 7 per cent as belonging to a non-Christian religion[6]. Take your pick. Either way being non-religious has moved from the margins to the main-stream of society. Today few are offended if people identify themselves as a humanist or atheist, while professing no religion creates few difficulties for most situations in Australian life.
The post WWII migration explains the multi-cultural mix of Australia today, while the growth in the non-religious cohort is most probably due social changes rather than the activism of a few hundred freethinkers in each generation. These social changes include the repealing of laws that restricted the hours of retail and entertainment activity, a fall in regular Church attendance and recruitment into clergy and religious orders, increased freedom of movement due to private means of transport, and the availability of civil celebrants for marriages[7] and funerals.
Rosslyn Ives is a former secondary science teacher with a Master's degree in the History and Philosophy of Science. She is an HSV committee member and editor of Australian Humanist.
1. The Macquarie Dictionary.↩
2. Ray Dahlitz, Secular Who's Who. Melbourne, 1992.↩
3. This publication name has recently been revived, as The New Liberator, by the Rationalist Association of NSW.↩
4. Dr Celestina Sagazio for Young Australian Skeptics website.↩
5. The HSV library has an incomplete collection of the Thinker's Library, donated by former librarian and HSV member Colin Watson (now deceased). [The State Library of Victoria has an almost complete collection of the TL.]↩
6. Data on religious affiliation come from an optional question which some people do not answer.↩
7. 74% of all marriages are now conducted by civil celebrants.↩
This is an expanded version of a contribution given at the 'Secularism in the Modern World' conference, held in Melbourne on 31 October, 2015


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The economic crisis is not just a financial crisis, it's a democratic crisis. Its a crisis in democratic citizenship - said Benjamin Barber, political theorist at Demos. Because democracy is about trust, the real causality of this economic crisis will not be the economic system, it will be democracy itself.
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A second semester 1 credit ensemble. All students who earn a position in the Spartan Brass must enroll for one credit. Sign up for audition times here.
Percussionists (drum set players) must exhibit mastery of all styles and sight reading ability. All Drum Set players will play for Dr. Jon Weber on or before Oct 7th at Dem Hall. Email or see Dr. Weber for details (drumline@msu.edu).
Electric Bass players All E. Bass players must attend the first rehearsal on Oct 7th in Dem Hall and perform with the band (sight read). Bring your own E. Bass, we will supply the amp. Send email to dtt@msu.edu to confirm your spot.


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Faculty Features
Letters to The Quill
The Purple Quill
About The Quill
2020-21 Issues
September 5Check out our new Quill staff members for 2020-21; click Staff above
September 18Did you know that we accept student submissions? You don't have to be enrolled in Journalism to get "published."
September 16New articles may be uploaded every day, but submissions are added by the 10th of each month!
World War Three lurks
Mason Berger '20, Staff Writer|November 8, 2017|95 Views
As we all know very well, the world is in much turmoil. Nations across the globe continue to pose as threats to one another, causing more and more tension as each day goes by. This tension extends beyond just one country against another, it includes countries fighting against groups. Therefore, the start of a third world war could be upon us sooner than we think.
This idea of a third worldwide large-scale military conflict has been brought up ever since the second world war came to a conclusion in 1945. While we came close to one throughout the rest of the twentieth century between the United States and the former Soviet Union, the conflict never became militaristic.
A war today would most likely be nuclear, due to the possession of these deadly weapons by many nations. According to sophomore Joseph Beiter, nuclear weaponry would be the main cause of a new war.
"If we did, it would be over a country trying to prove whether they have nuclear weapons or not," \said Beiter. Due to many countries claiming that they have a variety of nuclear weapons in their arsenal, this could potentially be the reason for a world war.
Today, turmoil is rampant throughout the world. Countries continue to threaten each other with missiles, nuclear bombs, air strikes and more. For example, as many of us know, the United States has expereinced increasing tensions between the U.S. and North Korea.
The two nations have been threatening each other for several years, and the threats have increased as time has gone by. While the United States has plenty of missiles and bombs that are capable of serious damage in their arsenal, it is unknown if North Korea has missiles and bombs that can match that of the United States.
North Korea's leader, Kim Jong Un, is ready for war. The country's Supreme Leader stated, "If the American imperialists provoke us a bit, we will not hesitate to slap them with a pre-emptive nuclear strike. The United States must choose!"
North Korea showcases their arsenal of missiles (photo from Out of Left Field)
President Donald Trump, continually bashes North Korea and Kim Jong Un, who is known as "Rocket Man" to President Trump.
While Trump likes to have his fun with North Korea, he does realize that they could potentially be a serious threat to millions of United States citizens. "We cannot allow this dictatorship to threaten our nation or our allies with unimaginable loss of life," Trump stated in an interview with top-ranked military officers.
This isn't the only one of the United States current problems.
Ever since the end of the second world war, the United States and Russia (Soviet Union until 1991) have had lots of tension towards each other. Recently, the United States has accused Russia of interfering with the presidential campaigns of both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump.
The hacking started in September of 2015, and investigations of the hacking continues. The United States blames the Russian government for many of these cyber-attacks, but Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, denies that the Russian government played a part in these hackings, specifically the presidential campaign. Putin said that a child could have easily hacked into America's presidential campaign.
Another area involving many countries is the conflict in the Middle East.
The Middle East is a hot mess. Land disputes and attacks have been frequent in countries such as Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, and other Middle Eastern countries date back to the end of World War II, when Arabs and Israelis had a dispute over the holy land in Israel.
Along with civil unrest in the Middle East, religiously motivated extremists continue to destroy Middle Eastern countries and threaten countries around the world with attacks. These terrorist groups such as ISIS can potentially provoke a country into starting a war with them.
ISIS rolls through in their vehicles (photo from CNN)
If these countries and terrorist groups would officially go to war, the potential damage to humanity and the world as we know it could be devastating. Many nations and unfortunately terrorist groups have access to nuclear weapons, and nobody knows how these weapons will be used.
Nuclear bombs are becoming more advanced and more dangerous as the years pass and days go by. The first nuclear bomb was used at Hiroshima in Japan in 1945, and that killed at least seventy-thousand people, and injured thousands of others. If this bomb from 1945 killed this many people, how many will the bombs today kill? Hundreds of thousands? Millions? Will it destroy nations? Continents? The world?
The war is approaching, and the world does not have long to settle out these problems because before we know it, nuclear fallout will be a constant sight in our daily lives, wherever you are in the world.
Mason Berger '20, Co-Editor in Chief
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Trump's accomplishments highlight failures of adversaries
Ultimate post game meal entices all
Let's not go Purple, huh?
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To increase health equity in Philadelphia, focus on the social determinants of health | Expert Opinion
Health equity attempts to bridge the gap between the "haves and have-nots" by facilitating access to quality, affordable health for all people.
Sophia Ononye-Onyia is a Yale-trained molecular oncologist and founder of The Sophia Consulting Firm, a New York City life-sciences marketing and communications consultancyRead moreCourtesy of Sophia Ononye-Onyia
by Sophia Ononye-Onyia, For The Inquirer
I'm not a Philadelphia native. I was born thousands of miles away in southeastern Nigeria. Yet, one thing that resonates in both my native Enugu and Philadelphia is the stunning impact of the social determinants of health. According to the CDC, the social determinants are "conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health and quality-of-life risks and outcomes."
Simply put, the wealthier you are, the better your health outcomes.
Health equity is integral to the social determinants. Health equity attempts to bridge the gap between the "haves" and "have-nots" by facilitating access to high-quality, affordable health care for all people. Achieving health equity, eliminating disparities, and improving the health of all groups is a top priority for health officials everywhere, including Philadelphia's new health commissioner, Cheryl Bettigole.
» READ MORE: Philadelphia names Cheryl Bettigole new health commissioner
However, sometimes I wonder whether we can ever truly achieve health equity. The aftermath of slavery and systematic racism in the United States and decades of colonialism and neglect in African countries such as Nigeria have resulted in what can appear to be insurmountable barriers to overall well-being for Black people all over the world. Moreover, socioeconomic status is a consistent and reliable predictor of a vast array of outcomes across a person's life span, including physical and psychological health.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and aggravated severe and pervasive health and social inequities in America and the rest of the world. It is shocking that almost 1 in 4 Philadelphia residents lives in poverty, and people of color represent the vast majority of the city that is considered the poorest in the United States. In my native Nigeria, the number goes up to 40% of the total population or roughly 83 million who live below the country's poverty line.
If we focus on mental health, it is well-demonstrated that Black people are less likely than their white counterparts to seek treatment for conditions such as anxiety and are also more likely to prematurely end treatment. Furthermore, if we draw parallels between Black people in both Philadelphia and Nigeria, there are common themes of lack of access and knowledge of resources to address conditions such as depression and anxiety. These deficiencies have resulted in job losses, separation from families, incarceration, and even suicide and substance abuse for many Black people who are unable to effectively cope with mental health issues.
There are hopeful signs. For example, in March 2020, Philadelphia City Council announced a poverty action plan with new investments and strategies to lift 100,000 Philadelphians out of poverty by 2024. Globally, the United Nations Secretary-General has established a dedicated COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund to complement efforts in low- and middle-income countries to address the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
Industry is also getting in on the action. In March 2021, Merck, became the ninth manufacturer to join the global network of another pharmaceutical giant, Johnson and Johnson, in an effort to increase worldwide access to J&J's COVID-19 vaccine worldwide. Only time will tell the impact of these fairly nascent collaborations, but sustainability in these concerted efforts will help to facilitate the much-needed change that we need to ensure health equity.
Digital health is also making a difference because mobile apps, websites and even telehealth are enabling patients to gain access to innovative tools that can provide real-time support by using medical experts and peer-to-peer networks. Tailored solutions such as the African American Wellness Project (AAWP) hold promise based on shared experience and heightened access to innovative health solutions. However, there is still room for improvement in training the next generation of physicians, allied health professionals, and minority health experts who are racially and ethnically diverse.
Sophia Ononye-Onyia is a Yale-trained molecular oncologist and founder of the Sophia Consulting Firm, a New York City life-sciences marketing and communications consultancy. She is also the host of her firm's Amplifying Scientific Innovation Podcast.
Sophia Ononye-Onyia, For The Inquirer


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India to take over the IoT market
The amount of IoT devices in India is expected to soar from 200 million units in 2016 to 2.7 billion units by 2020 — making India a leader in the IoT market.
More companies around the world are connecting via IoT — a sector worth hundreds of billions of dollars. This is because of its transformational potential as businesses have the opportunity to manage devices better, as well as the ability to analyse data and automate workflows.
According to a NASSCOM report, the IoT market in India is expected to reach US$15billion by 2020, which would account for 5% of the industry worldwide.
India's IoT growth has led to the likes of Amazon, Samsung and Ericsson moving projects to the country over the last week.
Amazon hopes to give Indian citizens access to Alexa via hundreds of third-party devices; Samsung is strengthening its voice assistant offering Bixby by working to bring the solution to more devices; and Ericsson is driving talks with Indian telecom operators to launch IoT services, after launching an IoT marketplace.
Ericsson is also a part of a smart city project in India with some of its IoT solutions, such as Connected Aquaponics and Smart Watergrid Management, currently under control in the country.


text:
The "iron law of prohibition" explains why the DEA is responsible for the fentanyl crisis
Springfield, Virginia, United States - June 14, 2018: Official American government law enforcement agency website of the The Drug Enforcement Administration or simply DEA.
As a result of the prohibition of alcohol in the United States, the supply of beer and wine decreased while that of hard liquor increased. Bootleggers realized they could make more money and be less likely to be caught smuggling one crate of whiskey instead of 20 cases of beer. Alcohol prohibition led to the creation of organized crime syndicates that trafficked in drugs and other illegal goods such as alcohol, prostitutes, and gambling, and much of that ill-gotten money flowed into the pockets of government officials who supported prohibition.
The United States' racist war on drugs is another example of prohibition leading to a worse outcome. After decades of trying to block the flow of heroin into the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration has created a huge market for fentanyl, which is at least 50 times stronger than heroin.
From Vice:
Sanho Tree, a drug policy expert for the Institute for Policy Studies, called the transition from heroin to fentanyl "a logical evolution of this market."
Tree brought up a well-known drug analysis from the 1980s known as "the iron law of prohibition" that has proved to be prescient in predicting the current fentanyl epidemic.
"As you crack down on the original substances, you end up with a substitute that is usually more compact, more potent, easier to smuggle and more problematic, more dangerous," Tree told VICE World News.
Prohibition is a response to the failure of prohibition.
Man smokes legal weed in Nevada, gets arrested in Dubai, could face 3 years
Don't go to Dubai with a bread roll poppy seed on your sweater. Don't go to Dubai with a microscopic speck of pot on your shoe. And don't be like Peter Clark, an American who smoked pot in Las Vegas and was imprisoned in Dubai days later for having trace amounts of THC in his… READ THE REST
Comparing Portugal's and the Philippines's opposite drug policies
In 2001 Portugal decriminalized the consumption of all drugs. Meanwhile, the Philippines deals with drug users by shooting them in the street or throwing them in prison. Neither approach eliminates the harm that drug abuse (and its secondary and tertiary effects) causes to individuals and society, but only one them reduces the harm while the… READ THE REST
Video about heroin users who travel from Sweden to Denmark to shoot up
Vice has an interesting video about what happens when neighboring countries have different drug policies. (Uncensored version here.) While Sweden rigidly sticks to its zero tolerance laws, liberal Denmark introduced drug consumption rooms (DCRs) in 2012, with special areas surrounding them where you won't get arrested for drug possession if it's for personal use. Copenhagen… READ THE REST
Brrrn Board: Six Foot Adjustable Slideboard here to make at home workouts fun again
We hate to break it to you, but gyms are disgusting. Think about it for a hot minute: everyone's sweating, grunting, and throwing basic hygiene social cues out of the window in the name of some gains. Beyond that, we might be banned from gyms once again thanks to a certain global pandemic that shall… READ THE REST
Get a VPN subscription and one year of Boost Mobile for just $110
In terms of germs, the summer gave us a little more leeway than the winter to be relaxed and protected from catching a case of COVID. Now that new strains are upon us, we might have to go back into recluse mode for a while. If history has taught us anything, it's that another lockdown… READ THE REST
Karaoke On Demand is perfect for those who want to scream a tune into the social distancing void
Hey, remember when we used to have a blast with other people instead of giving a hoot about germs? Fun times, fun times. Alas, thanks to the bewildering stupidity of half the country and a new strain of COVID blowing through literally everyone, we're back home and left to our own devices. That's cool, we've… READ THE REST
Diana Ratliff 2 weeks ago


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text:
Common Declaration of Communist and Workers' Parties on the self-proclaimed independence of Kosovo
The undersigned Parties faced with the self-proclaimed Kosovan independence, promoted by the United States of America, NATO and European Union declare that:
Such a step – that violates the international law and United Nations' resolutions on this subject - will have grave consequences in the Balkans region and internationally.
It bring serious dangers for the peoples, triggering border changes, threatening to engulf the whole region in a new escalation of conflicts, wars and external interventions, and raising a dangerous international precedent.
Our Parties voice against the secession of Kosovo from the Republic of Serbia. We demand that all governments refrain from recognizing the Kosovo independence as well as from dispatching troops in the area.
The Parties,
1. PADS – Algeria
2. Communist Party of Argentina
3. Communist Party of Australia
4. Workers Party of Belgium
5. Workers Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina
6. Communist Party of Britain
7. New Communist Party of Britain
8. Communist Party of Brazil
9. Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
10. Communist Party of Canada
11. Communist Party of Chile
12. AKEL, Cyprus
13. Socialist Workers Party of Croatia
14. Communist Party of Cuba
15. Communist Party in Denmark
16. Communist Party of Ecuador
17. Communist Party of Finland
18. Unified Communist Party of Georgia
19. German Communist Party
20. Communist Party of Greece
21. Hungarian Communist Workers' Party
22. Communist Party of India (Marxist)
23. Communist Party of India
24. Workers Party, Ireland
25. Party of the Italian Communists
26. New Communist Party of Yugoslavia
27. Lebanese Communist Party
28. Communist Party of Luxembourg
29. Communist Party of Malta
30. Party of the Communists, Mexico
31. New Communist Party of the Netherlands
32. Communist Party of Norway
33. People's Party of Panama
34. Communist Party of Philippines (PKP 1930)
35. Palestinian Communist Party
36. Communist Party of Peru
37. Portuguese Communist Party
38. Communist Party of Poland
39. Communist Party of the Russian Federation
40. Communist Workers´ Party of Russia
41. South African Communist Party
42. Communist Party of Spain
43. Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain
44. Communist Party of Sweden
45. Syrian Communist Party
46. Communist Party of Turkey
47. Communist Party of Ukraine
48. Union of the Communists of Ukraine
The Last Soviet Republic
The Last Soviet Republic – Alexander Lukashenko's Belarus by Stewart Parker, pbk, 248 pp, Trafford Publishing, Oxford. £9.99
THE FORMER Soviet republic of Belarus is an unlikely candidate for the "axis of evil". But this small landlocked republic, wedged between the might of the European Union and Putin's Russia, has been branded by US imperialism as an "outpost of tyranny" for daring to defend most of the gains of the Soviet era and for refusing to kow-tow to the dictates of Anglo-American and Franco-German imperialism.
Imperialist venom targets one man – Alexander Lukashenko – who rose from the ranks of the old Belarus communist movement as a principled opponent of graft and corruption to win the presidential elections against all odds in 1994 to lead his country along the path of non-alignment and social progress.
Western diplomatic and economic isolation has backfired and attempts to unseat him by bourgeois and phoney "communist" parties funded by imperialism have all failed.
This is because Lukashenko enjoys immense popularity amongst the Belarusians who have been spared the mass unemployment, privatisation and collapse of education and the health service that was the fate of the rest of the former Soviet Union when it took the capitalist road.
This book by Stewart Parker explains why. There are no oligarchs in Lukashenko's Belarus. There's virtually full employment and no one has to emigrate to Western Europe to find work. Over 90 per cent of the farms are still collectivised and most of the country's industry remains in public hands. Health and education are still a priority in Belarus and the state guarantees low-cost food and housing.
When the counter-revolution succeeded in Moscow in 1991 Lukashenko was the only deputy in the Belarusian parliament to vote against the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He opposed the turncoat communists and bourgeois nationalists who came out of the woodwork to dominate the country in the early 1990s.
His record as a collective farm manager and his "clean hands" in the old Belarus communist party and parliament won the trust of working people who comprise the vast majority of the nine million or so Belarusians who live in this land-locked oasis of social justice in Europe.
Last November 80 communist and workers' parties from over 60 countries, including the New Communist Party of Britain, attended the 9th international communist conference in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, to discuss the relevance of the Russian revolution in the 21st century.
Many of those delegates felt they were stepping back in time when they toured the factories, farms and schools of Belarus. Lenin and the Bolsheviks are still honoured and the socialist sector is still largely intact. But Belarus isn't in a time-warp nor are its economists trying to create a nostalgia theme-park for those hankering for the "good old days".
Belarus is a "state of the people" that operates a mixed economy which they call "market socialism" or "social orientation". Though not on the Chinese scale there are joint ventures with countries like Turkey and the Third World and there is a small self-employed and private sector which caters for some of the needs of the consumer industry.
Belarus bore the brunt of the Nazi invasion during the Second World War and it took the Belarusian people years to recover from devastation. The collapse of the Soviet Union could have led to economic chaos, and for a brief period it did when the tools of imperialism were in charge.
But Parker shows in some detail how the Lukashenko government has worked to rein in hyper-inflation and deal with its energy problems to ensure a secure and decent way of life for the millions of workers and farmers in the country.
And he also explains how genuine mass democracy works in this former Soviet republic and how its government defends the country's independence; maintains a strategic relationship with Russia – its biggest trading partner – and demonstrates its solidarity with struggling people all over the world.
Though the author is clearly sympathetic to modern Belarus he is not a communist and this shows in his work. His off-hand description of the people's democracies of eastern Europe as "puppets" and "satellites" of the Soviet Union is simplistic to put it mildly.
He barely mentions the Communist Party of Belarus (KPB) whose eight MPs support Lukashenko's independent bloc in the House of Representatives or indeed how the other pro-government parties relate to the independent bloc.
But it is an easily readable and important book, essential for any understanding of what is happening in eastern Europe today. It's well-worth buying or ordering from your local library.
Labels: Andy Brooks, Belarus
Stalin and the British Road to Socialism
RevolutionaryDemocracy Vol XIII No 2 September 2007. £3 plus 50p P&P from NCP Lit PO Box 73, London SW11 2PQ.
IN THE OLD Communist Party (CPGB) it was sometimes said that Stalin had approved of the British Road to Socialism (BRS) programme — not often and not loudly because the revisionists obviously did not wish to be seen appealing to Stalin and the anti-revisionists did not like to think that Stalin could have approved of the BRS.
Some argued that the apparent paradox could be resolved because the first version of the BRS (the one seen by Stalin) was essentially sound but the 1957 version slipped into reformism and this seems to be the basic position Vijay Singh takes in his article on the BRS in this issue of Revolutionary Democracy.
He compares the CPGB programme before the Second World War, For a Soviet Britain, with the first and later versions of the BRS and puts them into historical context.
Vijay admits that the first version of the BRS proposes the use of our bourgeois Parliament but implies that this was acceptable because that BRS was a road to socialism via a People's Democracy, not to socialism directly — similar to the processes taking place in other countries at the time.
The classic example is possibly Czechoslovakia where the Communists built up a strong base inside and outside Parliament until a certain point was reached and then called out the worker's militia and took state power.
But this People's Democracy version of the BRS, argues Vijay, was not a "peaceful road" and the essence of the dictatorship of the proletariat was kept. These things were added and cut respectively in the later revisionist version.
Vijay's arguments are buttressed by his discovery in the Russian archives, and reproduced here, of minutes of meetings and letters between Stalin and CPGB general secretary Harry Pollitt.
I think that it was assumed by many of us that if Stalin had seen a draft of the first BRS it had just been looked at and returned with a diplomatic acceptance. It is clear that this was not the case and that Stalin and the Soviet Party had a serious input into the programme and that on the whole their amendments were accepted.
These articles are important for our understanding of our communist history and Vijay Singh should be congratulated for them — whatever we make of his opinion on the BRS.
Besides this indispensable reading there is in this volume the usual mix of interesting articles; from thoughts on Che Guevara's economics to the Nandigram scandal in India to the Tukhachevsky Conspiracy in the Soviet Union.
Labels: world communist movement
Common Declaration of Communist and Workers' Parti...


Legend 4: Mercedes-Benz 300 S convertible A.
Mercedes-Benz 300 S convertible A.
In late 1951, the Mercedes-Benz 300 S was launched as a particularly exclusive top-of-the-range model with a sporty touch. The two-door car was available as a coupe, convertible and roadster. In engineering terms, it was based on the 300 but was fitted with an even more powerful engine. Its elegant design took its cue from the classic lines of the 1930s rather than the Ponton models which followed soon afterwards.


text:
The leadership of the Volkswagen Golf in Europe is in danger: this is the car that can take away the throne
January 1, 2022 by Tony Grantly
El ao 2021 may be the last of a reign that lasts already close to four decades. From 1983, the Volkswagen Golf has been the best-selling car of the year in Europe 32 times. Except for a few occasions when he has yielded the throne to the Fiat Punto (1997), Peugeot 206 (2003), Opel Astra (2005 and 2006) and Peugeot 207 (2007), Golf has dominated the European market with an iron fist and has not come down from the throne since 2008 (He has been at the top of the rankings for 13 years without interruption).
The Volkswagen Golf, about to lose the throne
But the Golf has been showing signs of 'exhaustion' for several years and 2021 could be the last of a dynasty That less than a decade ago seemed eternal. The rise of SUVs first, electrification shortly after, and finally the microchip crisis, has caused the Volkswagen Golf to lose close to half a million annual registrations in just six exercises. Of the 648.176 units delivered in 2015, the German compact has become 190.483 in what we have of 2021, according to data from the consulting firm Jato Dynamics, which supposes a cumulative decline of almost 71% (it is said soon).
The GTI version of the Volkswagen Golf 8, Europe's best-selling car.VOLKSWAGEN
The rise of the SUV, electrification and the chip crisis
The drop in Golf sales has been accentuated in 2021, with a 24% crash compared to the same period in 2020, which was already a very bad year. It is no coincidence that it coincides with the boom in sales of a compact SUV from the same brand as the Volkswagen T-Roc (169,189 units in 2021 and a growth of 21%), which uses the same MQB platform as the Golf 7 and 8. And it is not by chance that it coincides with the first full year of life of the Volkswagen ID.3, the 'Electric Golf' of which 62,467 units have already been sold in 2021, according to data from Jato Dynamics.
Volkswagen Golf: three months in free fall
The last few months they have been especially disastrous for Golf. And that's because it is suffering the microchip crisis like no other model in Europe. The sales slump has been unstoppable since October, when was the vigsimo best-selling model on the continent with only 8.649 registrations, less than half of the previous month (15.507). In November it fell until position number 35 with slo 6.755 units dispatched in 25 countries, an unprecedented figure in the history of Golf. And December can be even worse.
Seven generations of the Volkswagen Golf, the best-selling car in Europe.VOLKSWAGEN
Golf in Spain: historical collapse
Slo in Spain, the German compact has fallen to the position number 41 in the sales ranking with only 7,388 registrations until December 23, three times less than the Seat Arona, which leads the domestic market with 21.395 units dispatched, according to data from AutoInfor. Golf sales in Spain accumulate a 42.1% drop so far this year and the month of December is going to be one of the worst of the year with a 53% crash compared to the same period in 2020 (380 registrations so far this month).
Toyota Corolla: the best-selling compact in Spain
In its segment, that of compact, the Golf has fallen to seventh position in Spain and has been overtaken by models such as the Toyota Corolla (with less than three years in the Spanish market), the Mercedes-Benz A-Class (from the premium segment) and up to Kia Ceed (Korean made). The Ford Focus (eighth in its segment) is also poised to overtake the Golf.
The Dacia Sandero is the second best-selling car in Europe in 2021.DACIA
Dacia Sandero, about to conquer Europe
Golf's rivals in Europe are taking advantage of the Golf's 'weakness' to cut distances, and there is even three candidates to seize the throne in 2021. The best placed to give the 'sorpasso' is the Dacia Sandero, which accumulated 177.953 units enrolled up to November with a 18% year-on-year growth. The Romanian utility vehicle is already the best-selling car in some European markets (it was in Spain in 2020) and in July (20,446) and August (14,961) it led sales on the continent ahead of Golf. They are separated by 12,530 units, a difference that may be enough for the German compact to retain the lead for another year.
The Renault Clio 'trusts' in the comeback
The second candidate to unseat Golf is the Renault Clio. The French utility vehicle is the third best-selling model in Europe with 175.563 units enrolled until November. Although accumulates a every 21% year-on-year, the Clio is making up for its poor start to the year with a spectacular comeback which started in September (second two consecutive months) and has led to lead sales in November with 16,353 deliveries, 90 ms than the Sandero. It is separated by almost 15,000 units of the Golf.
A Peugeot 2008 manufactured in Vigo, one of the revelations of the year in Europe.PEUGEOT
Peugeot 2008, the great revelation
The third candidate to surprise is the Peugeot 2008, one of the great revelations of the year with the Hyundai Tucson (13 with a rise of 70%) and the Fiat 500 (ninth with a 35% increase in sales). The French SUV is the fourth best-selling model in 2021 with 173.890 units enrolled up to November and one 28% rise with respect to the same period of the previous year. It is followed by another model of the brand of the lion, the Peugeot 208, with 172.614 deliveries and an interannual variation of -1%.
Toyota Yaris deflates
The list of the 10 best-selling cars in Europe is completed by the Volkswagen T-Roc (169,189 units), the Toyota Yaris (165,961 deliveries), the Opel Corsa (164,125), the Fiat 500 (147,111) and the Lemon C3 (144,859). The Yaris was the Golf's main rival until August, but Japanese utility sales have plummeted in the past three months, probably also because of the semiconductor crisis. In November it lost 65% of its sales volume and fell to 37th place with only 6,496 units registered. He was even surpassed by his 'brother' Yaris Cross with 8,335 deliveries of the Japanese crossover.
The Renault Clio is the third best-selling car in Europe in 2021.RENAULT
The best-selling cars in Europe
Volkswagen Golf (190,483)
Dacia Sandero (177,953)
Renault Clio (175.563)
Peugeot 2008 (173.890)
Peugeot 208 (172.614)
Volkswagen T-Roc (169.189)
Toyota Yaris (165.961)
Opel Corsa (164.125)
Fiat 500 (147.111)
Lemon C3 (144,859)
Renault Captur (144,304)
Volkswagen Polo (141,046)
Hyundai Tucson (136.490)
Dacia Duster (129,196)
Toyota Corolla (128,723)
Skoda Octavia (127,136)
Volkswagen Tiguan (122,910)
Fiat Panda (122,697)
Ford Puma (121,349)
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text:
_L_BEGIN
namespace IO
{
	MemoryStream::MemoryStream()
	: _Size(DEFAULT_BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE)
	, _Position(0)
	, _Buffer(::new Byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE])
	, _Permission(StreamAccessPermission::ReadWrite)
	, _ShouldDeleteBuffer(true)
	{
	}
	MemoryStream::MemoryStream(MemoryStream& instance)
	: _Size(instance._Size)
	, _Position(instance._Position)
	, _Buffer(instance._Buffer)
	, _Permission(instance._Permission)
	, _ShouldDeleteBuffer(false)
	{
	}
	MemoryStream::MemoryStream(StreamAccessPermission permission)
	: _Size(DEFAULT_BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE)
	, _Position(0)
	, _Buffer(::new Byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE])
	, _Permission(permission)
	, _ShouldDeleteBuffer((true))
	{
	}
	MemoryStream::MemoryStream(Buffer buffer, BufferLength length)
	: _Size(length)
	, _Position(0)
	, _Buffer(buffer)
	, _Permission(StreamAccessPermission::ReadWrite)
	, _ShouldDeleteBuffer(false)
	{
	}
	MemoryStream::MemoryStream(Buffer buffer, BufferLength length, StreamAccessPermission permission)
	: _Size(length)
	, _Position(0)
	, _Buffer(buffer)
	, _Permission(permission)
	, _ShouldDeleteBuffer(false)
	{
	}

	MemoryStream::~MemoryStream()
	{
		Close();
	}

	Buffer MemoryStream::Abandon()
	{
		_ShouldDeleteBuffer = false;
		return _Buffer;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::CanRead()
	{
		return _Permission != StreamAccessPermission::WriteOnly || _IsClosed;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::CanWrite()
	{
		return _Permission != StreamAccessPermission::ReadOnly || _IsClosed;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::CanSeek()
	{
		return _IsClosed;
	}

	void MemoryStream::Close()
	{
		if (!_IsClosed)
		{
			_IsClosed = true;

			if (_ShouldDeleteBuffer && _IsClosed)
				::delete [] _Buffer;
		}
	}

	void MemoryStream::CopyTo(ostream stream)
	{
		stream.write(_Buffer + _Position, _Size - _Position);
	}
	void MemoryStream::CopyTo(ostream stream, BufferLength length)
	{
		long available = _Size - _Position;
		stream.write(_Buffer + _Position, length > available ? available : length);
	}

	void MemoryStream::Flush()
	{
	}

	long MemoryStream::GetCapacity()
	{
		return _Size;
	}

	BufferLength MemoryStream::GetLength()
	{
		return _Size;
	}

	long MemoryStream::GetPosition()
	{
		return _Position;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::IsEndOfStream()
	{
		return _Size == _Position + 1;
	}

	Buffer MemoryStream::Read(BufferLength length)
	{
		Buffer buffer = new Byte[length];
		Read(buffer, length);
		return buffer;
	}

	void MemoryStream::Read(Buffer buffer, BufferLength length)
	{
		// If available data is less than which is requested, just copy the available part.
		BufferLength available = length > (_Size - _Position) ? (_Size - _Position) : length;
		memcpy(buffer, _Buffer, available);
	}

	Byte MemoryStream::ReadByte()
	{
		return _Buffer[_Position++];
	}

	void MemoryStream::Seek(long distance, LiongFramework::IO::SeekOrigin position)
	{

		switch (position)
		{
			case SeekOrigin::Begin:
				_Position = 0;
				break;
			case SeekOrigin::Current:
				break;
			case SeekOrigin::End:
				_Position = _Size - 1;
				break;
			default:
				break;
		}
		_Position += distance;

		if (_Position < 0)
			_Position = 0;
		else if (_Position >= _Size)
			_Position = _Size - 1;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::SetCapacity(long capacity)
	{
		if (!_ShouldDeleteBuffer)
			return false;

		if (capacity > _Size) // Need to reallocate.
		{
			Buffer newBuffer = ::new Byte[capacity];
			memcpy(newBuffer, _Buffer, _Size);
		}
		_Size = capacity; // Reset capacity.

		return true;
	}

	long MemoryStream::Write(Buffer data, BufferLength length)
	{
		if (length > _Size - _Position)
			length = _Size - _Position;
		memcpy(_Buffer + _Position, data, length);
		return length;
	}

	bool MemoryStream::WriteByte(Byte data)
	{
		if (IsEndOfStream())
			return false;

		_Buffer[_Position++] = data;
		return true;
	}
}

_L_END


Forms | W. Wayne B.
wisps of light spiral around.
I see a delicate column of mist.
The sky is a gateway above me.
The words grow into an image.
A song fills the void.
Now I have all that I need.
Today I have hope and freedom.
This entry was posted in Poetry and tagged gateway, heart, hope, poem, song, vision, z1914. Bookmark the permalink.