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Meaning of Social Psychology
What is social psychology:
Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the behavior and mental functioning of an individual as a consequence of their social environment. Social psychology studies the way in which human beings think, feel and act influenced by the presence or absence of other people in their environment.
According to the psychologist and psychoanalyst Enrique Pichon Riviere, social psychology is characterized by being an operative and instrumental inter-science that is responsible for the study of interactions oriented towards a planned social change.
As a consequence of the above, we can observe that social psychology studies the person in its 3 dimensions: the individual as such and his possibilities for socialization, the person in his different forms of sociability and the human being in relation to specific situations.
Social psychology can be seen from different perspectives according to the other branches of psychology; Psychoanalysis observes social psychology as the study of the individual unconscious that will influence the collective and social, behaviorism indicates that social psychology analyzes the behavior of the individual with respect to the influence of the environment or of other individuals.
See also Psychoanalysis.
In turn, postmodern psychology points out that social psychology examines the elements that make up diversity and social segmentation, finally, the perspective proposed by the groups observes social psychology as one that studies social groups as an intermediate point between the social and the individual.
See also Social groups.
This branch of psychology was born approximately in the year 1879 with the appearance of the volkerpsychologie or Peoples Psychology developed by Wilhelm Wundt where he highlighted the individual in society and its influence on him since the human and the social are closely related and complement each other. Some experts in this science indicate that the father of social psychology is the French sociologist Auguste Comte.
See also Psychology.
Characteristics of social psychology
Examine human behavior.
It indicates the psychological development that the human being must have at a certain age.
Study the relationships between subject to subject, group to group and from society to society.
Determine pathologies or inappropriate forms of behavior.
Community social psychology
Community social psychology is responsible for the study of the relationship between communities and human behavior based on external factors such as social and environmental, also community social psychology intervenes in the prevention of psychosocial problems and improves human development from the strengthening of its community .
Applied social psychology
Applied social psychology refers to the investigation of a significant problem from the social point of view and seeks to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge to perceive the factors that contribute to the possible solution of the problem.
Cognitive social psychology
Cognitive social psychology is based on the study of the mental phenomena involved in knowledge, that is, it analyzes the basic and deep mechanisms from which knowledge is derived, such as perception, memory, learning, knowledge formation and knowledge. logic reasoning.
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FAQ: Why No Danzig Rock Band?
1 What happened Danzig band?
2 Did Danzig take steroids?
3 Is Danzig back with the misfits?
4 Who is Glenn Danzig dating?
5 Who will die for Danzig?
6 What is Danzig called today?
7 Is Danzig German or Polish?
8 Did Danzig do drugs?
9 How old is Glenn Danzig?
10 What are misfits fans called?
11 Are the misfits broken up?
What happened Danzig band?
Misfits and Samhain (1977–1987) In October 1983, after releasing several singles and three albums, and gaining a small underground following, Danzig disbanded the Misfits due to his increasing animosity for the other band members and his dissatisfaction with their musical abilities.
Did Danzig take steroids?
The diminutive wailer for New Jersey spazzers Dillinger Escape Plan is ripped enough for a man five-times his size, and though he's denied using steroids (he chalks his physique up to "eat[ing] a lot of protein and work[ing] out a lot"), we're still not entirely convinced.
Is Danzig back with the misfits?
It's something we've talked about." Danzig went on to say that he is happy with the way the MISFITS shows have been going. The initial comeback performance by MISFITS members Danzig, Jerry Only and Doyle Wolfgang Von Frankenstein took place at the 2016 Riot Fest.
Who is Glenn Danzig dating?
Now the photo's originator, Glenn's girlfriend, the model and actress Ashley Michele Wisdom — who quickly deleted the Instagram story with the photo after realizing the shitstorm she'd caused — has taken to the scene of the crime to host a Q&A, and she was startlingly forthcoming about her relationship with the
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Who will die for Danzig?
Why Die for Danzig? (French: Pourquoi mourir pour Dan(t)zig?, Polish: Dlaczego musimy umierać za Gdańsk?) is an anti-war French political slogan created on the eve of World War II.
What is Danzig called today?
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the Nazis abolished the Free City and incorporated the area into the newly formed Reichsgau of Danzig -West Prussia. Free City of Danzig.
Free City of Danzig Freie Stadt Danzig (German) Wolne Miasto Gdańsk (Polish)
Preceded by Succeeded by German Empire Reichsgau West Prussia
Today part of Poland
Is Danzig German or Polish?
Gdańsk ( German: Danzig; Kashubian: Gduńsk) is one of the oldest cities in Poland. Founded by the Polish ruler Mieszko I in the 10th century, the city was for a long time part of Piast state either directly or as a fief. In 1308 the city became part of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights until 1454.
Did Danzig do drugs?
A still-muscular Danzig acknowledged that a tour today is more physically taxing. As such, "I don't do drugs," he said. "I rarely drink.
How old is Glenn Danzig?
Well, Glenn Danzig's age is 65 years old as of today's date 30th April 2021 having been born on 23 June 1955.
What are misfits fans called?
Something that the Misfits understood from the get-go was how to treat their fans — and how to grow their fan base. One of the things they did was start a fan club, aptly called the "Fiend Club," which sent out stickers, buttons and occasionally music.
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Are the misfits broken up?
The Misfits disbanded in 1983, and Glenn Danzig went on to form Samhain and then Danzig. Several albums of reissued and previously unreleased material were issued after the group's dissolution, and their music later became influential to punk rock, heavy metal, and alternative rock.
What Do The Calibration Numbers Mean Rock Band?
Question: How To Connect Wireless Harmonix To Xbox 360 Rock Band?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


David Steurer, Cornell University (Ithaca, NY, USA) and Institute of Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ, USA), Jan 11 – Jan 14. Host: E. Welzl.
Efficient algorithms for tensor decomposition and their applications (Mittagsseminar, Jan 12).
Ioannis Emiris, University of Athens (Athens, Greece), Feb 6 – Feb 12. Host: B. Gärtner.
Dimensionality reduction for search in general dimension (Mittagsseminar, Feb 10).
Penny Haxell, University of Waterloo (ON, Canada), Feb 20 – Feb 26. Host: E. Welzl.
Stability for matchings in regular hypergraphs (Mittagsseminar, Feb 23).
Anastasia Moskovaya, EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland).
Different Tree Packing Conjectures (Mini-Symposium on Combinatorial Algorithms, Feb 24).
Finding the Sink of a USO with a Hamming Ball (Mini-Symposium on Combinatorial Algorithms, Feb 24).
Guido Brückner, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Partial and Constrained Level Planarity (Mini-Symposium on Combinatorial Algorithms, Feb 24).
Gábor Damásdi, ELTE (Budapest, Hungary).
Algorithmic Proof for the Existence of Six-way Equipartitions (Mini-Symposium on Combinatorial Algorithms, Feb 24).
Torsten Mütze, TU Berlin (Germany), Mar 20 – Mar 24. Host: E. Welzl.
Trimming and gluing Gray codes (Mittagsseminar, Mar 21).
Micha Sharir, Tel Aviv University (Israel), Apr 8 – Apr 9 and Apr 14 – Apr 15. Host: E. Welzl.
Kenneth Clarkson, IBM Almaden Research Center (San Jose, CA, USA), May 1 – May 3. Host: B. Gärtner.
Low-rank PSD Approximation in Input-Sparsity Time (Mittagsseminar, May 2).
Radoslav Fulek, IST Austria (Klosterneuburg, Austria), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
A Picture-Hanging Puzzle (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Tillmann Miltzow, UL Bruxelles (Belgium), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
The Art Gallery Problem is ∃R-complete (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Yoshio Okamoto, UEC Tokyo (Japan), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Tight Approximability of the Server Allocation Problem for Real-Time Applications (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Bettina Speckmann, TU Eindhoven (Netherlands), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Computing Representative Networks for Braided Rivers (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Csaba Dávid Tóth, CSU Northridge (CA, USA), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Minimum Weight Connectivity Augmentation for Planar Straight-Line Graphs (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Miloš Stojaković, University of Novi Sad (Serbia), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Making Hamiltonian cycles on small graphs (Combinatorial Algorithms day, Jun 12).
Jean Cardinal, UL Bruxelles (Belgium), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Dániel Korándi, EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Andrey Kupavskii, EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Dominik Scheder, Shanghai Jiaotong University (Shanghai, China), Jun 12 – Jun 16. Host: E. Welzl.
Thomas Dueholm Hansen, Aarhus University (Denmark), Oct 23 – Oct 27. Host: B. Gärtner.
Simulating Branching Programs with Edit Distance and Friends or: A Polylog Shaved is a Lower Bound Made (Mittagsseminar, Oct 24).
Jean Cardinal, UL Bruxelles (Belgium), Nov 2 – Nov 3. Host: E. Welzl.
Volker Kaibel, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (Magdeburg, Germany), Nov 27. Host: B. Gärtner.
Descriptions of Spanning Tree Polytopes, Distinguished Colloquium, Nov 27.
Torsten Mütze, TU Berlin (Germany), Dec 4 – Dec 8. Host: E. Welzl.
Rainbox cycles in flip graphs (Mittagsseminar, Dec 7).
(ETH Zurich Postdoctoral Fellowship.) The main objective of this project is to discover new fundamental results in the area of computational geometry from a theoretical point of view. We study dynamic data structures and algorithms motivated by the problem of having constantly changing objects in geometric spaces. Preprocessing is crucial to obtain a good query performance, either by independently preprocessing each object, or by a general data structure that captures the proximity information of all the objects (such as Voronoi diagrams). In this setting, we aim to study the following general problem: Given a collection of objects in a geometric space that are changing over time, detect or predict interactions between them or minimize a function defined on them. This general problem depends on several parameters and the result of modifying them is a large collection of related problems that can be tackled with similar sets of tools. If we work with a collection of hyperplanes, we obtain problems like the celebrated dynamic convex hull or dynamic linear programming. If each object is a moving convex polyhedron, we can turn to intersection testing and collision detection. Other variants include fundamental problems such as dynamic Voronoi diagrams and dynamic structures for nearest-neighbors, half-emptiness or linear programming queries. The problems in this collection draw their motivation from geographical information systems, motion planning, robotics, computer graphics or simulation, but are on their own fundamental theoretical questions. While efficient algorithms and data structures exist for some of the problems mentioned above, the vast majority assume that objects are static. In reality however, information is constantly being modified and data structures need to be adapted to deal with this fact. Designing geometric data structures for these problems on constantly changing data is a challenging task and the ultimate goal of this project.
Duration: Sep 2016 – Aug 2018.
(Erwin Schrödinger Fellowship, Financed by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF).) For problems like counting geometric graphs on point sets, we are usually not interested in the exact position of the points, but how they are placed relative to each other. The "order type" of a point set tells us in which order we encounter three points of the set when walking along the boundary of the triangle defined by these points in counterclockwise direction. In previous work, we defined a relation on order types by comparing the set of crossing-free geometric graphs each order type admits. We plan to obtain relations between order types that provide more insight into the structure of maximizing and minimizing point sets. In particular, we are interested in bounding the number of triangulations. We will attempt to prove a long-standing conjecture stating that the number of triangulations is minimized by a certain order type, using the insights obtained from different relations and local transformations. Apart from bounding the number of geometric graphs, we are interested in relations between different order types in its own right.
Duration: Mar 2016 – Mar 2019.
(Hasler-Stiftung, D–INFK.) Ein grundlegendes informatisches Wissen ist in unserer Informationsgesellschaft für fast alle Berufe unabdingbar. Um Informationstechnologie nicht nur konsumieren, sondern mitgestalten zu können, sind fundierte Informatikkenntnisse erforderlich. Gleichzeitig steckt die wirkliche Informatik als Fach in den allgemeinbildenden Schulen noch in den Kinderschuhen. Es gibt daher einen grossen Bedarf nach mehr informatischer Bildung in der Schule.
Wissenschafliche Begleitung des Angebots aus Sicht der Lernforschung, um Nutzen und Wirksamkeit zu untersuchen.
Damit wird erreicht, dass Mädchen und Jungen schweizweit früh mit Informatik bekannt gemacht werden und die Chance erhalten, ihre Begeisterung für dieses Fach zu entdecken. Lehrpersonen erfahren die Informatik als spannende Disziplin, erhalten einfachen Zugang zu grundlegenden informatischen Denkweisen und können diese an die Kinder weitergeben. Wirtschaft und Hochschulen in der gesamten Schweiz profitieren langfristig von besser qualifizierten Schulabsolventen.
M. Dyer, B. Gärtner, N. Megiddo, E. Welzl. Linear Programming. In: Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, 3rd Edition (J. E. Goodman, J. O'Rourke, Cs. D. Tóth, eds.), Chapman and Hall/CRC (2017).
M. Hoffmann, L. Kettner, S. Näher. Two Computational Geometry Libraries: LEDA and CGAL. In: Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, 3rd Edition (J. E. Goodman, J. O'Rourke, Cs. D. Tóth, eds.), Chapman and Hall/CRC (2017).
O. Aichholzer, J. Cardinal, V. Kusters, S. Langerman, P. Valtr. Reconstructing point set order types from radial orderings. International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications 26:3 (2016), 167–184.
O. Aichholzer, A. Fischer, F. Fischer, J. F. Meier, U. Pferschy, A. Pilz, R. Stanek. Minimization and maximization versions of the quadratic traveling salesman problem. Optimization, 66:4 (2017), 521–546.
O. Aichholzer, Th. Hackl, M. Korman, M. van Kreveld, M. Löffler, A. Pilz, B. Speckmann, E. Welzl. Packing plane spanning trees and paths in complete geometric graphs. Information Processing Letters, 124 (2017), 35–41.
S. Allen, L. Barba, J. Iacono, S. Langerman. Incremental Voronoi diagrams. Discrete & Computational Geometry 58:4 (2017), 822–848.
M. Balko, J. Kynčl, S. Langerman, and A. Pilz. Induced Ramsey-type results and binary predicates for point sets. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 24:4 (2017), P4.24.
L. Barba, F. Duque, R. Fabila-Monroy, C. Hidalgo-Toscano. Drawing the Horton set in an integer grid of minimum size. Computational Geometry 63 (2017), 10–19.
L. Barba, W. Evans, M. Hoffmann, V. Kusters, M. Saumell, B. Speckmann. Column Planarity and Partially-Simultaneous Geometric Embedding. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 21:6 (2017), 983–1002.
J. Dohrau, B. Gärtner, M. Kohler, J. Matoušek, E. Welzl. ARRIVAL: A zero-player graph game in NP ∩ coNP. A Journey through Discrete Mathematics. A Tribute to Jiří Matoušek edited by Martin Loebl, Jaroslav Nešetřil and Robin Thomas (2017), 367–374.
S. Fekete, A. Haas, M. Hemmer, M. Hoffmann, I. Kostitsyna, D. Krupke, F. Maurer, J. Mitchell, A. Schmidt, C. Schmidt, J. Troegel. Computing Nonsimple Polygons of Minimum Perimeter. Journal of Computational Geometry 8:1 (2017), 340–365.
R. Fulek, H. Nassajian Mojarrad, M. Naszódi, J. Solymosi, S. U. Stich, M. Szedlák. On the Existence of Ordinary Triangles. Computational Geometry 66 (2017), 28–31.
M. Geyer, M. Hoffmann, M. Kaufmann, V. Kusters, Cs. D. Tóth. The Planar Tree Packing Theorem. Journal of Computational Geometry 8:2 (2017).
A. J. Ruiz, E. Welzl. Crossing-Free Perfect Matchings in Wheel Point Sets. A Journey through Discrete Mathematics. A Tribute to Jiří Matoušek edited by Martin Loebl, Jaroslav Nešetřil and Robin Thomas (2017), 735–764.
M. Balko, J. Kynčl, S. Langerman, A. Pilz. Induced Ramsey-type results and binary predicates for point sets. European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications (Eurocomb 2017), ENDM 61, 77–83.
B. Banyassady, M. Hoffmann, B. Klemz, M. Löffler, T. Miltzow. Obedient Plane Drawings for Disk Intersection Graphs. Proc. 15th Algorithms and Data Struct. Sympos. (WADS 2017), LNCS 10389, 73–84.
L. Barba, J. Cardinal, J. Iacono, S. Langerman, A. Ooms, N. Solomon. Subquadratic Algorithms for Algebraic Generalizations of 3SUM. Proc. 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SOCG 2017), LIPIcs 77 (2017), 13:1–13:15.
L. Barba, J. Cardinal, M. Korman, S. Langerman, A. van Renssen, M. Roeloffzen, S. Verdonschot. Dynamic graph coloring. Proc. 16th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium (WADS 2017), LNCS 10389, 97–108.
B. Gärtner, A. N. Zehmakan. Color War: Cellular Automata with Majority Rule. Proc. International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications (LATA 2017), 393–404.
M. Hoffmann, Cs. D. Tóth. Two-Planar Graphs Are Quasiplanar. Proc. 42nd Internat. Sympos. Math. Found. Comput. Sci. (MFCS 2017), 47:1–47:14.
C. Huemer, A. Pilz, C. Seara, R. I. Silveira. Characteristic polynomials of production matrices for geometric graphs. European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications (Eurocomb 2017), ENDM 61, 631–637.
M. Milatz. Directed random walks on polytopes with few facets (arxiv). European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications (Eurocomb 2017), ENDM 61, 869–875.
T. Mütze, J. Nummenpalo. A constant-time algorithm for middle levels Gray codes. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2017), 2238–2253.
A. Pilz, E. Welzl, M. Wettstein. From Crossing-Free Graphs on Wheel Sets to Embracing Simplices and Polytopes with Few Vertices. Proc. 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017), LIPIcs 77, 54:1–54:16.
A. Thomas. Exponential lower bounds for history-based simplex pivot rules on abstract cubes. 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017), LIPIcs 87, 69:1–69:14.
O. Aichholzer, F. Ebenführer, I. Parada, A. Pilz, B. Vogtenhuber. On semi-simple drawings of the complete graph. Proc. XVII Spanish Meeting on Computational Geometry (EGC 2017), 25–28.
L. Barba, P. Schnider. Sharing a pizza: bisecting masses with two cuts. Abstracts 29th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry (CCCG 2017), 174–178.
J. Bosboom, M. Hoffmann. Netrunner Mate-in-1 or -2 is Weakly NP-Hard. arXiv/CoRR, abs/1710.05121 (2017).
S. Felsner, A. Pilz. Arrangements of Approaching Pseudo-Lines. European Workshop on Computational Geometry (EuroCG 2017), 229–232.
P. Gregor, T. Mütze, J. Nummenpalo. A short proof of the middle levels theorem. arXiv:1710.08249 (2017).
A. Kupavskii, E. Welzl. Lower Bounds for Searching Robots, some Faulty. arXiv:1707.05077 (2017).
A. Pilz. Planar 3-SAT with a Clause/Variable Cycle. arXiv/CoRR, abs/1710.07476 (2017).
P. Schnider. A generalization of crossing families. European Workshop on Computational Geometry (EuroCG 2017), 273–276.
C. Seara, A. Pilz. Convex Quadrangulations of Bichromatic Point Sets. European Workshop on Computational Geometry (EuroCG 2017), 77–80.
Convex hulls in the presence of obstacles. AlgoLunch Seminar, ULB, Brussels, Belgium (November 22, 2017).
Convex polyhedra and their interactions. ETH Zürich-University of Tokyo Strategic partnership symposium (January 20, 2017).
Remembering Michel - Born Free. Franco-Japanese Days on Combinatorics and Optimization in Honour of Michel Deza, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo (December 5, 2017).
Pivoting For Life. Kyoto University Informatics Seminar, Kyoto (December 14, 2017).
ARRIVAL: A zero-player graph game in NP ∩ coNP. Magdeburg Lectures on Optimization and Control, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Germany (May 30, 2017).
Two-Planar Graphs Are Quasiplanar. 42nd Internat. Sympos. Math. Found. Comput. Sci. (MFCS), Aalborg, Denmark (Aug 24, 2017).
Directed random walks on polytopes with few facets. European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications (Eurocomb), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (Aug 29, 2017).
Abstractions for optimization problems (short presentation). Meeting of PhD students from Berlin and Zürich, Strobl, Austria (Sep 9, 2017).
Color War: Cellular Automata with Majority-Rule. 11th International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications (LATA), Umea, Sweden (March 9, 2017).
Solving and Sampling with Many Solutions: Satisfiability and Other Hard Problems. The 12th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2017), Vienna, Austria (Sept 7, 2017).
Different problems in the hypergraph (short presentation). Meeting of PhD students from Berlin and Zürich, Strobl, Austria (Sep 8, 2017).
Arrangements of Approaching Pseudo-Lines. European Workshop on Computational Geometry (EuroCG), Malmö University, Sweden (Apr 7, 2017).
Determining the flip distance between triangulations of simple polygons and point sets. Seminar on Flips, University of Paris 13, France (Nov 28, 2017).
A Generalization of Crossing Families. The European Workshop on Computational Geometry (EuroCG), Malmö University, Sweden (Apr 7, 2017).
Sharing a pizza: bisecting masses with two cuts. 29th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry (CCCG), Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada (Jul 27, 2017).
Partitions of Point Sets (short presentation). Meeting of PhD students from Berlin and Zürich, Strobl, Austria (Sep 10, 2017).
Measures of depth for multiple points. Mittagsseminar / Discrete Mathematics Seminar, TU Berlin, Germany (Dec 8, 2017).
Basics of the Sylvester-Gallai theorem. ETHZ-UTokyo Strategic Partnership Symposium, University of Tokyo, Japan (Jan 20, 2017).
Exponential lower bounds for history-based simplex pivot rules on abstract cubes. 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), Vienna, Austria (Sept 06, 2017).
Von kreuzungsfreien perfekten Matchings zu Polytopen mit wenig Ecken. Festkolloquium "Wege, Ebenen und Netzwerke" 60. Geburtstag Dorothea Wagner, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fakultät für Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany (Festvortrag, Jun 23, 2017).
Lower Bounds for Searching Robots, some Faulty. Institute of Software Technology (IST) Seminar, Graz University of Technology, Austria (Oct 23, 2017).
Trapezoidal Diagrams, Upward Triangulations, and Prime Catalan Numbers. Research seminar: Discrete mathematics, Universität Zürich, Switzerland (May 30, 2017).
From Crossing-Free Graphs on Wheel Sets to Embracing Simplices and Polytopes with Few Vertices. 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG), University of Queensland, Australia (July 4, 2017).
Algorithms, Probability, and Computing. E. Welzl, M. Ghaffari, A. Steger, D. Steurer, P. Widmayer. Contact assistant: Jerri Nummenpalo.
Geometry: Combinatorics and Algorithms. E. Welzl, L. F. Barba Flores, M. Hoffmann, A. Pilz. Contact assistant: Patrick Schnider.
Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Methods. A. Steger, E. Welzl.
Seminar in Theoretical Computer Science (Mittagsseminar). E. Welzl, B. Gärtner, M. Hoffmann, J. Lengler, A. Steger, B. Sudakov. Coordinator: Jerri Nummenpalo.
Algorithmen und Wahrscheinlichkeit. A. Steger, E. Welzl. Contact assistant: Johannes Lengler.
Seminar A Taste of Research: Algorithms and Combinatorics. B. Gärtner, A. Steger, M. Ghaffari.
SE Tue 8–10 CAB G 15.2.
Seminar Geometry: Combinatorics and Algorithms. L. Barba, B. Gärtner, M. Hoffmann, A. Pilz, E. Welzl.
Seminar in Theoretical Computer Science (Mittagsseminar). E. Welzl, B. Gärtner, M. Hoffmann, J. Lengler, A. Steger, B. Sudakov.
Mini-Symposium on Combinatorial Algorithms. Feb 24, 2017 (Michael Hoffmann).
15th Gremo's Workshop on Open Problems 2017. Pochtenalp (BE), Switzerland, Jun 12–16, 2017 (Michael Hoffmann).
Franco-Japanese Days on Combinatorics and Optimization in Honour of Michel Deza. University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, December 4–5, 2017 (Komei Fukuda).
Antonis Thomas, Unique Sink Orientations: Complexity, Structure and Algorithms.
Advisor: Bernd Gärtner (referee) / Co-referees: Emo Welzl, Thomas Dueholm Hansen (Aarhus University).
May Szedlák, Redundancy in Linear Systems: Combinatorics, Algorithms and Analysis.
Advisor: Bernd Gärtner (referee) / Co-referees: Rico Zenklusen (D-MATH), Komei Fukuda, Kenneth L. Clarkson (IBM Research).
Chidambaram Annamalai, Algorithmic Advances in Allocation and Scheduling.
Advisor: Emo Welzl (referee) / Co-referees: Penny Haxell (University of Waterloo), Rico Zenklusen (D-MATH), Ola Svensson (EPFL).
Kilian Risse, Unique Sink Orientations of the Combinatorial Hypercube.
Roland Schmid, Layers of complete geometric graphs.
Christian Schneebeli, Partitions into Crossing-Free Graphs.
Hagar Mosaad, ARRIVAL: A zero-player game.
Stefan Oancea, Exploring graceful labelings of trees.
"Stiftungsrat" of the "Stiftung zur Förderung der mathematischen Wissenschaften in der Schweiz"
Commercialization Agreement with GeometryFactory (www.geometryfactory.com) for packages of CGAL developed at ETH.
17 commercial license agreements for the Miniball software.


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by Luke Greiner
luke.greiner@state.mn.us
Young workers and low wages are often synonymous. With little experience and few skills, young workers largely fill entry level jobs. However, not all workers in their teens and early twenties are earning wages near the minimum. Depending on the industry, median hourly wages for young workers can vary significantly. Thanks to new data provided by DEED's Quarterly Employment Demographics (QED) program, this article will look at how central Minnesota's economy is responding to shifts in the labor market, particularly for the youngest workers.
After nearly a decade of declining employment, the youngest workers in central Minnesota have begun claiming a larger share of total jobs. In 2003 11.3 percent of jobs in the region were held by workers 19 years and younger. This group, however, was impacted by the recession more than any other age cohort, and by 2011 the percentage had dropped to just 8 percent of total jobs.
An increasing number of jobs are held by workers aged 55 years and older because of the size of that generation in the workforce, which naturally decreases the share that can be held by other cohorts. But the actual number of jobs held by teenagers had been shrinking from 2000 until 2011 as well. Since bottoming out in 2011, the share of teenaged workers has steadily climbed back to 9.1% as of 2016, while the number of jobs held by teenagers also increased for the first time in a decade. Looking closer at the data we can see how central Minnesota industries are being shaped by the ages of their employees.
DEED's capacity to communicate detailed labor market data has recently been greatly enhanced by an inter-agency collaboration with the Minnesota Department of Public Safety. The agreement grants DEED access to age and gender data which is then linked to administrative records from Minnesota's Unemployment Insurance program. The outcome is a brand new and unique dataset spanning back to 2003, with quarterly data on various demographic, regional, and labor force variables. This new dataset will enable the LMI office to bring to stakeholders demographic data on the labor market that previously had only limited availability. The use of this dataset will follow strict codes of confidentiality of information, and only medians will be calculated and published.
Interestingly, the share of jobs in the Accommodation and Food Services industry held by workers younger than 20 years has been in steady decline, while the share held by prime working age adults (25-54 years) has increased since 2003. Meanwhile, the percentage of Accommodation and Food Services jobs held by 55 to 64 year olds has more than doubled in less than 10 years. Most of the shift that decreased the ratio of younger workers occurred in the Accommodation part of the industry – think hotels rather than restaurants – declining to 9.8 percent for teenaged workers in 2016 from 22.7 percent in 2003.
In step with statewide minimum wage increases in 2014, 2015, and 2016, teenaged workers - the lowest paid workers in the Accommodation and Food Services industry - saw their wages rise faster than any other age cohort. By 2016 the median hourly wage for workers under 20 years reached $9.50, while the median hours worked slowly crept higher since the end of the recession.
While the median weekly hours worked in the Accommodation and Food Services industry is relatively low, the median weekly hours worked for teenagers in all industries was only slightly higher at 10.23 hours in 2016, although that was enough to be the highest on record (see Figure 1).
Age and Wage Growth
The Construction industry has the highest median hourly wage for teenaged workers, topping $14.42 per hour, compared to a low of $9.25 for the Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation industry. The demand for labor in the Construction industry has pushed median hourly wages for teenagers in central Minnesota to grow 3.8 times faster than inflation from 2010 to 2016. Following the Construction industry, the next highest median hourly wage for teenaged workers was $12.08 in Manufacturing and $11.20 in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry. Workers under 20 in Construction and Manufacturing have the highest median weekly hours worked at 20.5 and 16 hours, respectively.
Median hourly wages for workers of all ages in central Minnesota grew by 15.2 percent from the end 2010 to 2016, far exceeding the 9.3 percent rate of inflation during that period. Possibly from a combination of regaining employment opportunities that young workers were pushed out of during the recession and substantial increases to the minimum wage, teenaged workers in the region enjoyed the fastest wage growth in general, increasing by 29 percent from 2010 to 2016.
Unlike wage growth for teenagers working in Retail and Accommodation and Food Service, the rise in Construction industry pay was not directly impacted by minimum wage increases. Wages for teenaged workers in the Construction industry was higher than the minimum wage before the recent minimum wage increase and was rising years before the policy became law.
Low Levels
As unemployment rates suspend at historically low levels, competition for labor in central Minnesota is driving wage growth with differing velocities for each age cohort. Aside from differences in median hourly wage growth by age, even larger differences are uncovered when disaggregated by industry sector.
Teenaged workers in the Construction industry have experienced faster wage growth than their peers employed in other industries, with median hourly wages increasing 35 percent from 2010 to 2016. As teenaged workers age into their early twenties, their median hourly wages continue to climb, yet Utilities sets itself apart with median hourly wages for 20 to 24 year olds topping $31.51 in 2016. The lucky few 20 to 24-year-olds working in Utilities hold just 4.6 percent of Utility jobs, and enjoyed the fastest wage growth (66%) from 2010 to 2016 (see Figure 2).
The most obvious change happening in workplaces across the region, state, and country is the aging of "baby boomers" which is creating stress and challenges in the labor market. While conversations around retention of the most veteran employees is warranted, the interaction between age and employment is changing in many other less obvious ways.
A unique pattern that emerged from the recession appears to be a change in the pecking order of workers. When median hourly wages are broken down by age and compared pre-recession to post-recession, data show that wages for older workers steadily increased while young workers saw slower or negative wage growth.
In the years prior to the recession the median hourly wage for workers 20 to 24 and workers 65 years and older was nearly identical, but by 2013 the gap widened, and the older cohort had median hourly wages that were $2.62 higher than the younger cohort. Workers 25 to 44 years also saw slower wage growth than their older counterparts, enough so that by 2008 their median hourly wage was less than it was for workers 55-to-64 years old.
This is likely caused in part by the increasing number of older workers working longer and being retained in higher paid positions pulling the median upwards. Simultaneously turnover rates dropped during the recession, immobilizing the career ladder. Young workers with little experience were competing against more qualified and higher-skilled older workers who were finding fewer opportunities to take different jobs or move up, effectively preventing each younger, lower skilled cohort from moving up. The youngest workers were essentially stuck in entry-level jobs.
Now with the economy recovered, the minimum wage rising, and job openings galore, young workers are enjoying rapid wage increases across almost all industries. So what can young workers in central Minnesota expect in the central Minnesota labor market moving forward?
Fast wage growth. Thanks to high demand for labor, wages are going up across the board with particularly high wage growth in Construction.
A need for patience. Peak earning potential occurred between 45 and 54 years in all but four industries: Accommodation and Food Services, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation, Professional and Technical Services, and Mining.
Increased opportunities for employment. This may include even more access to higher-paying occupations than previous young workers had. Large numbers of retirements in combination with an increasing need to fill jobs will open doors to young workers with in-demand skills.
For readers interested in more information about wage growth across age groups and industries in Central Minnesota, check out this interactive Tableau tool: https://public.tableau.com/profile/magda.olson#!/vizhome/CentralYouthWorkerSpotlight_Greiner/MedianHourlyWages_Greiner


text:
Auto Dealer Fraud, Consumer Protection, Contracts, Franchising
Beckley, Beaver, Mount Hope, Oak Hill, Hinton
Glen White
Top Glen White Business & Commercial Lawyers - West Virginia
Nearby Cities: Beckley, Beaver, Mount Hope, Oak Hill, Hinton
Related Practice Areas: Auto Dealer Fraud, Consumer Protection, Contracts, Franchising
File Payne Scherer & File PLLC
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Beckley)
Statement of Practice: General Civil Practice, Insurance Defense, Corporation, Mining, Banking, Municipal and Bond, Real Estate, Trust and Insurance Law, Estate Planning, Trials. File, Payne, Scherer & File was established in the early 1900s. The practice extends throughout southern West Virginia. The firm has achieved the highest rating in Martindale-Hubbell and is included in the...
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Lewisburg)
Shuman, McCuskey & Slicer, PLLC
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Charleston)
Shuman, McCuskey & Slicer PLLC has 25 attorneys with extensive experience optimizing litigation resolutions for our clients and their insurance companies. Our legal representation excels in quality and efficiency. With three purposefully located offices in Charleston and Morgantown, West Virginia, and Winchester, Virginia, our law firm efficiently serves its clients and insurance...
Jenkins Fenstermaker, PLLC
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Hurricane)
The Huntington law firm of Jenkins Fenstermaker, PLLC, has been representing West Virginia clients for more than 75 years. Many of the firm's attorneys are members of the American Bar Association in addition to being members of the West Virginia State Bar and the West Virginia and Cabell County Bar Associations. The lawyers from Jenkins Fenstermaker focus on personalized representation. Clients of...
Frazier Oxley & Proctor L.C.
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Huntington)
Frazier Oxley & Proctor L.C. is a highly experienced law firm in Huntington, West Virginia. Our practice areas include: · Corporate planning and tax law · Estate planning · Criminal defense · ...
Lamp Bartram Levy Trautwein & Perry, PLLC
Founded in 1989, Lamp Bartram Levy Trautwein & Perry, PLLC focus on serving clients' needs in West Virginia, Kentucky and Ohio from its centralized office in Huntington, West Virginia. Awarded the prestigious AV Peer Review Rating from Martindale-Hubbell, the firm concentrates its practices in the areas of general civil litigation, corporate and transactional work, as well as estate...
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Clarksburg)
Business Lawyers Serving Glen White, WV (Fairmont)
Need help with a Business & Commercial Law matter?
You've come to the right place. Whether you are a Fortune 500 company, a small business, or a start-up, a business and commercial lawyer can help with all aspects of running a business.
Business & Commercial lawyers can assist in the formation of a business, the sale of a business and everything in between. While they try to prevent disputes, they can also assist with commercial litigation.
Use FindLaw to hire a local business & commercial lawyer to protect your business interests.
Need an attorney in Glen White, West Virginia?
Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Glen White, West Virginia attorney for legal advice.


text:
Q: SQL how to return column values with same name only once I have a table containing 3 columns consisting of a product (varchar), quantity(integer), price(integer). I want to get the total price of the products and return the product and the total price and ordered by descending alphabetical order. But if the product is repeated I only want to return the product once with its total price.
Heres the table:

product
quantity
price

Pencil
2
4

Notebook
3
5

Notebook
5
5

In this case desired output would be :

product
totalprice

Notebook
40

Pencil
8

My current output is this:

product
totalprice

Notebook
15

Notebook
25

Pencil
8

My query is the following:
SELECT product, quantity * price AS totalprice
FROM schoolproducts
ORDER BY product DESC

A: This is a case for aggregation:
SELECT product, sum(quantity * price) AS totalprice
FROM schoolproducts
GROUP BY product
ORDER BY product DESC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Die Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve ist ein kalifornischer State Park in Sonoma County. Der rund 326 Hektar große Park nördlich der Ortschaft Guerneville ist vor allem für seine alten Bestände von Küstenmammutbäumen (Sequoia sempervirens) bekannt.

Der Park wurde nach dem Holzbaron (engl. lumber baron) James Boydston Armstrong (1824–1900) benannt, der das Land 1878 seiner Tochter Kate für "einen Dollar, Liebe und Zuneigung" überschrieb. Armstrong war während des Holzbooms nach Guerneville gekommen und hatte miterlebt, wie weite Flächen alten Baumbestands abgeholzt wurden (mit Bezug auf die nach Abholzungen stehengebliebenen Baumstümpfe hieß Guerneville anfangs noch "Stumptown"). Sein Plan zur Einrichtung eines Naturparks wurde erst nach Armstrongs Tod umgesetzt. Im Jahr 1917 kaufte das Sonoma County das Land für 80.000 Dollar und betrieb den Park bis ins Jahr 1934, als die Eigentümerschaft an den Staat Kalifornien überging. Im Jahr 1964 wurde der Park mit seinen alten Baumbeständen als "State Natural Reserve" offiziell unter Schutz gestellt.

Heute ist der Park für Besucher ganzjährig geöffnet. Besondere Attraktionen sind der "Colonel Armstrong Tree" als ältester Baum des Bestandes, der "Parson Jones Tree" als größter Baum, sowie der "Icicle Tree", der ursprünglich für seine langen herabhängenden Maserknollen bekannt war, inzwischen aber durch Vandalismus stark beschädigt wurde.

Galerie

Weblinks

 Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve beim California Department of Parks and Recreation

Einzelnachweise

State Park in Kalifornien
Sonoma County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tag: libya
Italy sees major drop in migrant crossings from Libya to Europe. But is the cost too high?
11th September 2017 11th September 2017 Abuse, Articles, Human Rights, International Issues, Mediterranean, Migrants, Refugees
Human Rights at Sea comments in the recent article by The Christian Science Monitor about the increasing concern about the actions of the Italian State and European Union in trampling on customary humanitarian principles and international human rights law relating to migrants and refugees returned to Libya, and the well-documented human rights abuses suffered...
[Updated] Planned EU NGO Code of Conduct threatens life-saving search and rescue operations
6th July 2017 11th July 2017 EU Commission, European Union, Libya, Mediterranean, Migrants, Press Release
PRESS RELEASE Immediate 6 July 2017 Planned EU NGO Code of Conduct threatens life-saving search and rescue operations "Failure to sign this Code of Conduct or failure to comply with its obligations may result in the refusal by the Italian State to authorize the access to national ports, subject to compliance with the existing...
HRAS Intern becomes Erasmus+ Ambassador
14th June 2017 14th June 2017 HRAS, Human Rights, International Issues, Internship, Mediterranean, Migrants, Refugees, rescue, SAR
Melanie Glodkiewicz selected as an Erasmus+ Ambassador "My internship has been a life-changing period" Wednesday 14 June 2016 Human Rights at Sea is delighted to announce that a former intern, Miss Melanie Glodkiewicz, has been selected to become a European Erasmus+ Programme ambassador following her work on Mediterranean migrant projects for the charity and while seconded to...
20 Questions exposing the African Economic Migrant Narrative to the Maritime Community
13th June 2016 13th June 2016 Asylum, Criminalisation, Deprivation of Liberty At Sea, European Union, Governance, Human Rights, International Issues, Mediterranean, Migrants, NGOs, Press Release, Refugees
PRESS RELEASE Immediate – 13 June 2016 "I have no worry about crossing the sea, because as soon as I take decision to leave my family for an unknown world, there is no more worry. I will either succeed or die. That is it." Following extensive field research in the Sahel, Africa, Human Rights...
New Migrant rescue NGO ProActiva Open Arms joins Human Rights at Sea
9th May 2016 9th May 2016 Articles, Human Rights, Migrants, NGOs, Partnerships, Refugees, rescue, SAR
Human Rights at Sea is pleased to announce that the NGO ProActiva Open Arms has joined with the charity as a Supporting Entity enabling overt and mutual support to respective work areas. Proactiva Open Arms, an NGO based in Barcelona (Spain), was founded in September 2015 in order to carry out safety and rescue...
Press Release: Launch of new migrant film trailer 'The Dead Sea'
27th April 2016 28th April 2016 Abuse, Films, International Issues, Migrants, Press Release, Refugees, rescue, Violence Against Women
PRESS RELEASE Launch of new migrant film trailer 'The Dead Sea' UK. 27 April 2016. Human Rights at Sea is delighted to be able to support the release of the new trailer for the forthcoming short film, 'The Dead Sea', exploring the abuses suffered, privations and humanitarian issues for migrants travelling to Europe from North Africa. Often...
End of current SeaWatch migrant rescue operations in the Mediterranean
11th October 2015 2nd March 2016 Articles, Human Rights, Legal, Migrants, Refugees, Smuggling, Supporting Entities
SeaWatch Mediterranean Migrant rescue operations are now complete for the year. We have followed and supported the SeaWatch team since the start of their journey from Hamburg in May 2015. Next stop Berlin. Read the full blog HERE ***...
Updated SeaWatch Migrant Rescue Blog
15th September 2015 15th September 2015 Blog, HRAS Development, International Issues, Interns, Migrants, NGOs, Press Release, Refugees
The updated SeaWatch Migrant Rescue blog can be read HERE...
Updated SeaWatch migrant rescue blog – offshore Libya
23rd August 2015 23rd August 2015 Articles, Blog, European Union, Events, International Issues, NGOs, Refugees, Supporting Entities, Trafficking
The updated SeaWatch migrant rescue blog offshore Libya can be read HERE YouTube Footage HERE ...
HRAS Commentary. Legal, humanitarian and practical issues plague military targeting of Libyan traffickers' boats
27th April 2015 28th September 2016 Articles, International Issues, Legal, Migrants, Refugees, Slavery, Trafficking, Use of Force
HRAS Commentary. Legal, humanitarian and practical issues plague military targeting of Libyan traffickers' boats. Photo credit. D Hammond. Introduction EU leaders have suggested that military capabilities should be used to deny Libyan human traffickers the use of their boats. The idea, coming from politicians such as the French President, Francois Hollande,...
The assassination of Mrs Salwa Bugaighis – Benghazi – 26 June 2014
27th June 2014 27th June 2014 International Issues
9 BEDFORD ROW INTERNATIONAL Comment by David Hammond UK Counsel to the Libyan National Council for Civil Liberties and Human Rights On Thursday 26 June 2014, Libya suffered one its greatest set backs for human rights in Libya since the fall of the Gadaffi regime; the assassination of the prominent human rights lawyer and...


In 2009, of the 20.6% of Benton County households living below the poverty level 52.4% of them received food stamps while in Oregon 51.6% of the 12.6% of households living below the poverty level receive food stamps. Of the 18.6% of Benton County households with one or more people with a disability 39.1% received food stamps. $16,927 is the median income of a family in Benton County receiving food stamps.
U.S. Census Bureau. American Fact Finder. Geography: Benton County, Oregon. People: Poverty: Food Stamps/SNAP. Data Set: 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Survey: American Community Survey.
U.S. Census Bureau. American Fact Finder. Geography: Oregon. People: Poverty: Food Stamps/SNAP. Data Set: 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Survey: American Community Survey.


text:
The Carotid–Kundalini function is closely associated with Carotid-Kundalini fractals coined by popular science columnist Clifford A. Pickover and it is defined as follows:

See also
arccos

References

External links
Carotid–Kundalini function
Carotid-Kundalini Fractal Explorer

Special functions


Full-fledged traditional art performances of Kanazawa, "Kaga-Hosho style of Noh" are presented in public with very reasonable admission fees every winter.
Tickets on the day are sold at the theater. English program is available.
冬の観能の夕べ2019 The free paper for the person who came to Kanazawa published.


text:
Q: JQuery has ID function for class im trying to get my jquiz class to count for 2 IDs for each page.
It only counts the first page correctly. The second page just displays the same score as the first page. Im not sure what im doing wrong
This is what i have:
JQuery:
$(".jquiz li ul li").click(function()
{
    var count1 = 0; //page1 counter
    var count2 = 0; //page2 counter

//right answer
if ($(this).hasClass("correct"))
{

    if ($("#page1"))
        count1++; //page1
    if ($("#page2"))
        count2++; //page2
}

 //page1 quiz counter display
if ($('ul.answered').length == 3)
{
    $('#page1mark').fadeIn('slow');
    $('#page1total').html('You got a '+count1+' out of '+3+' on the page1 quiz.');
}

//page2 quiz counter display
if ($('ul.answered').length == 6)
{
    $('#page2mark').fadeIn('slow');
    $('#page2total').html('You got a '+count2+' out of '+3+' on the page2 quiz.');
}

HTML: Note: the class jquiz is in the tag element OL. It wouldnt let me post the code
   <id="page1" class="jquiz">
   pizza is yum?
   <Ii class ="correct"> true</Ii>

A: You're going about it all wrong.
You should either be doing this whole code block for each quiz, localizing all selectors to that dom element, or you can do this in one event handler, but inside it find out what quiz was activated at the top first (using jQuery.closest('.jquiz')), and limit everything else to within that dom node.
Either way, it looks like each quiz has a different number of questions, so you should store the number of questions for each quiz in the dom, like this:

    ....

    ....

Then, here's an example of the javascript updated with the first method I described above -- setting up a separate callback for each quiz (I think the first method produces more readable code, and the efficiency cost is negligible here). This also incorporates the other above change I suggested:
// For each quiz...
$('.jquiz').each(function() {
    // Cache the current quiz element, limit all selectors below to this element
    var $quiz = $(this);

    // This is a local variable, so it there will be a different copy for each quiz
    var correct_answers = 0;

    // Create a callback for *this quiz*
    $quiz.find('li ul li').click(function() {
        //right answer
        if ($(this).hasClass("correct")) correct_answers++;

        //counter display
        if ($quiz.find('ul.answered').length == $quiz.data('questions')) {
            $('#'+$quiz.attr('id')+'mark').fadeIn('slow');
            $('#'+$quiz.attr('id')+'total').html('You got a '+correct_answers+' out of '+$quiz.data('questions')+' on the '+$quiz.attr('id')+' quiz.');
        }
    });
});

Also, while not directly related to your question, this is worth noting. Looks like someone can just keep clicking on a correct item to increase their correct count indefinitely. Maybe instead of explicitly counting, just let the implicit count do the work. This is probably better even if the rest of your code prevents the possibility for such an incident:
// For each quiz...
$('.jquiz').each(function() {
    // Cache the current quiz element, limit all selectors below to this element
    var $quiz = $(this);

    // Create a callback for *this quiz*
    $quiz.find('li ul li').click(function() {
        //counter display
        if ($quiz.find('ul.answered').length == $quiz.data('questions')) {
            var correct_answers = $quiz.find('li ul li.correct').length;
            $('#'+$quiz.attr('id')+'mark').fadeIn('slow');
            $('#'+$quiz.attr('id')+'total').html('You got a '+correct_answers+' out of '+$quiz.data('questions')+' on the '+$quiz.attr('id')+' quiz.');
        }
    });
});


text:
Hipparion är ett utdött släkte av hästdjur som levde i Nordamerika, Asien, Europa och Afrika under cirka 22 miljoner år fram till cirka 750 000 år före nu under Miocen, Pliocen och Pleistocen.

Hästdjur


text:
Words of the Month - 40 Words for Snow
You've probably heard the line about how the Eskimos have 40 words for snow. Or perhaps when you heard it, it was 9 or 25 or 100 or 400. The idea that the "Eskimo words for snow" trope is generally intended to illustrate is that language reflects what people find important, that a culture that concerns itself more about all the different nuances of snow has more words than a culture for which snow is just snow. Strangely enough, the "Eskimo words for snow" line has taken on a life of its own as something like an urban legend, but in fact it's not really true, and not really meaningful. Let me break down the issues.
First of all, there's no such thing as "the Eskimo language." There are at least six languages and numerous dialects in the Eskimo-Aleut language family, with three main branches. So the first question would be, in which language are we counting the words for snow, because the number will vary from language to language? But suppose we pick whichever one has the most snow words, just to keep things interesting. The next question is, what's a word? Yes, your first reaction may be that everyone knows what a word is, but in fact it's pretty complicated. To look at the English word for snow, would we count snow, snows, snowing, and snowy as separate words? Because there we have 4 already and could quickly add many more. So perhaps we say that what we mean is roots or lexemes, the basic units related by meaning. Thus all my variations and derivatives of snow count as a single "word." But now what about snowflake, snowdrift, and snowstorm? Are these derivatives from the same root, or separate words for our count? And does it really matter? If I use the word snowflake while a speaker of another dialect of English uses the word flingle, do I have fewer words for snow? And even more substantively, is snow less important to me, or is my understanding of snow less nuanced because my word for flakes shares a root with my other words for snow?
To carry that point farther, languages in the Inuit-Yupic-Aleut family are generally polysynthetic, which means that lots of aspects of meaning are built up by adding affixes (in the case of Eskimo-Aleut languages, almost exclusively suffixes) to roots. This is different from English, which mostly leaves its root words alone and uses separate words such as prepositions and adjectives to build up meaning. And that means that in Central Alaskan Yupik, for example, there can be almost infinite variation in a single "word" in the same way that English can create infinite variety by combining separate words into sentences. So for our example, where English might talk about dry powdery snow, fine cold snow, fat clumps of falling snow, good packing snow, wildly whirling blown snow, and the crust on the top of snow where it's melted slightly and then frozen again, in Central Alaskan Yupik each of those noun phrases might be rendered as a single "word." So, do we count each of them in our tally? Perhaps we'd better remind ourselves once more to stick with root lexemes.
Then the next question is, which lexemes actually count as snow terms? For example, English has, in addition to snow, ice, slush, frost, and hail. Are those all "words for snow," or are they each something slightly different? Personally, I'd probably count slush, but not the others, but it's surely a matter of opinion, and it would make an enormous difference to the number of words included in any list.
Considering each of these questions and including only lexemes that definitely denote snow, most of the languages and dialects in the Eskimo-Aleut family include words derived from three basic roots for snow: *qaniɣ "falling snow", *aniɣu "fallen snow", and *apun "snow on the ground". I confess that I'm not sure what the difference would be between "fallen snow" and "snow on the ground," but leaving that aside, what we end up with is that the Eskimo-Aleut languages have as many as three words for our one word snow. Okay, so this isn't the 40 or 400 words for snow of the urban legend, but still, clearly the Arctic peoples do differentiate their snow more carefully than speakers of English, and that's significant, right? Well, not really, because… well, because duh! After all, every group has lots of specific words for the things it needs to differentiate. Painters have many more different words for types of brushes than non-painters, doctors differentiate every individual muscle by name where your average couch potato doesn't, people who deal with horses have all different words for the horses' anatomy and equipment, sailors have words for all different kinds of knots, botanists have words to describe the different shapes and structures of leaves and flowers… So, do "Eskimo languages" have lots of different ways to describe the different significant features of the snow and ice they live with? Of course they do, but this really doesn't tell us anything special about language or culture. People talk about what's in their lives and what's important to them. Well, duh.
Just for fun, though, I've compiled a list of English words for snow. I've left off compounds with roots that are already included (such as snowflake) and I've left off words for which the snow meaning isn't the only or primary meaning (so no plain flake, either), but I've included a second group of words that are not strictly snow but are cold-H2O-based. Just to inflate my list, I've also included borrowed words that may still be considered pretty
"foreign" to most speakers of English, but which do show up in my dictionary and are used by English speakers who discuss such things, which after all, is what this is all about: discussing snow.
snow hail
blizzard ice
flurries frazil
slush frost
névé hoar
firn rime
sleet
(Please note that flingle does not appear on the list. I made it up.)
[Pictures: Bear, stone relief block print by Andrew Qappik, 2010 (Image from Uqqurmiut Center for Arts & Crafts);
On the Varying Shapes of Snow, woodcut from Book 1, Chapter 22 of Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Olaus Magnus, 1555 (Image from Lars Henriksson. For my post on Olaus Magnus, see here);
Spring Break Up, stonecut and stencil by Siku Siggiaju, 2014 (Image from Spirit Wrestler Gallery. For my post on Inuit stonecuts, see here).]
Posted by Anne E.G. Nydam at 10:32 AM 1 comment:
The great blizzard of 2015 has struck, and while it actually hasn't been too terrible here where we are, it's certainly very snowy! School is off, the driveway is covered and the street not much better, and we haven't lost our electricity, so all is good. To celebrate, here's a great wood block print of a blizzard. This is by Charles Turzak (U.S. 1899-1986). Swirling modernist lines look out of place in some pieces of art, but they work well here to show the blizzard's wind. I like the texture of the snow around the central man's feet, and the blaze of headlights in the center left. I've got a number of quiet scenes with beautiful, peaceful blankets of snow, and I'll share some more of those in the next few weeks, since our snow won't be going anywhere soon. But right now the wild, blizzardy chaos of this one is wonderfully exciting.
[Chicago Snow Storm, wood block print by Charles Turzak, 1934 (Image from Ohio University).]
Maya Block Printing
In December we went to a special exhibit at the science museum about the Maya, and there I discovered that the Maya did some relief block printing. This first block is shown beside the image it would make when printed. I like the two little monkeys and the apparently more abstract design below. (If I remember correctly, this is not a huge stamp: maybe about 2 or at most 3 inches tall.) It and the others in the top row of the second photo are single small, flat stamps which were made by pressing clay into molds. The exhibit didn't tell whether the molds were made from wood, stone, or some other material, but in any case this production method would have some interesting implications. First of all, the design to be printed would be carved into some sort of block, meaning that what you carve will eventually be ink-colored, just like intaglio printing and the opposite of most relief printing, since the clay pressed into the mold would then result in raised areas where the mold had engraved areas, which would then be covered in ink and relief printed. Secondly, not only could each printing block make multiple impressions, but a single mold could create multiple printing blocks. This is not a system designed for limited editions! And what were these blocks used for? According to the information written below, "the raised and decorated areas could be pressed onto cloth, paper, or even human skin." I don't know what evidence the archaeologists have (if any) for how these stamps really were used by the Maya, as opposed to how they could have been used. There were no examples of printed cloth or paper on display, but of course such things might simply be too fragile for display.
The stamps in the second row are roller stamps. According to the blurb, "the Maya covered cylindrical stamps with paint and then rolled them onto cloth in order to transfer the designs. Stamps such as these indicate that stamping was common during the Classic Period. Today, Maya women weave similar designs into textiles instead." There are a couple of interesting questions this small blurb raises. Firstly, the archaeologists clearly view these as stamps rather than cylinder seals like those of the Sumerians. (See my post on the earliest block printing. Note, too, that if the flat stamps were actually printed on paper, the earliest of them might predate the earliest extant paper prints from Asia.) Again, I wonder whether any ancient printed textiles actually exist, or whether they are merely assumed. And secondly, it seems odd to me to go from printed textile designs to woven. I would have expected the progression to go the other way - designs made in more complex methods would over time be adapted to the simpler reproduction method that is printmaking.
In any case, despite my questions about how these printing blocks were actually used, I got a kick out of discovering them. Yet more proof of the universality of the concept of relief printmaking. Yes indeed, everybody loves block printing!
[Pictures: Flat stamps, pottery from Guatemala, Honduras, or Mexico, AD 250-1500;
Roller stamps, pottery from Copan, Honduras, AD 250-900 (Photos by AEGN, from Maya: Hidden Worlds Revealed exhibition at the Boston Museum of Science.)]
Escher's Mistake
I'm not one of those people who believes that "perfection is boring." I admire and enjoy the perfection of Escher's carving, just as I admire and enjoy other endeavors in which people strive to do the best possible job they can. But all the same, sometimes it's nice to see that everyone makes mistakes, and that mistakes don't necessarily spoil everything. While I was at the Escher exhibit in Manchester last month, peering closely at M.C. Escher's amazing and pretty much perfect wood block prints, I was tickled to see that on one of his biggest, most famous pieces, the registration was slightly off.
Registration is the lining up of the printing of separate blocks on a single piece, and whenever I've done reduction prints that need to be printed in multiple layers, registration has been my nemesis. So I took heart to see that a) even someone whose work is as perfect as Escher's doesn't always get things lined up perfectly. And b) it didn't matter. The piece is amazing.
[Pictures: detail of Metamorphosis II, woodcut from 20 blocks by M.C. Escher, 1940 (Image from mcescher.com);
further detail of the same.]
Here's a fun addition to my fantasy menagerie, and something that was completely new to me. All I know about it is what I came across while looking up something else, so I make no claims to understanding the history, literature, and cultural nuance of this bit of Japanese folklore. I simply was tickled by the idea. And the basic idea is that household objects, after a long life of service, receive souls and become animate. Usually it takes about a hundred years, and often it involves a long period of neglect before objects come to life. Apparently sometimes stories about these objects were told to teach elements of Buddhism, sometimes their message is to discourage wastefulness, and sometimes they're merely considered mostly harmless and mildly prankish. What delights me about this idea is the seemingly random list of Tsukumogami known from legends and stories. They include possessed or animated sandals, bedding, paper umbrellas, tea kettles, mosquito netting, graters, musical instruments, and lots more.
The Bakezori, a possessed straw sandal, uses his life to scamper around all night chanting "Kararin, kororin, kankororin, managu mittsu ni ha ninmai!" which is apparently meant to mock the more prestigious wooden sandal. The Boroboroton, or animate futon, on the other hand, is downright murderous. In the middle of the night he will throw his owner out of bed and begin to wrap around the sleeper's head and neck in an attempt to strangle him. The umbrella spirit, or Kasa-obake, is a relatively modern creature, not appearing in any of the older folklore, but it's one of the most well-known and popular today. It has one eye and jumps around on one hairy leg.
Many Tsukumogami seem motivated by loneliness. For example, musical instruments
will play by themselves the tunes that former owners used to play, or which were especially poignant, and the sad Abumi-guchi, stirrup-mouth creature, waits forever on the battlefield for its dead soldier to return. But most Tsukumogami are less patient with neglect. They search out other Tsukumogami and either throw boisterous parties together at night, or run away from home together.
Always excepting the murderous futon or the possessed roll of cotton, which will try to smother travelers, I think it would be quite interesting to meet a wandering Tsukumogami. Naturally my imagination tends first toward something like Lumiere or Mrs Potts from Disney's "Beauty and the Beast," but I think Tsukumogami are an idea with a lot of different interesting possibilities for fantasy.
[Pictures: Boroboroton,
Abumi-guchi, wood block prints (presumably) by Toriyama Sekien from Gazu Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro, c 1781 (Images from Wikimedia Commons).]
Labels: fantasy, mythical creatures
Escher's Fantasy Places
As promised, I have more M.C. Escher for you today, and this time I've chosen some fantasy pieces. Of course in some ways fantasy themes (broadly defined) appear in a high percentage of Escher's work: all the pieces with strange creatures, all the pieces with impossible topography, all the pieces with transformations, odd juxtapositions, and counterfactual elements. But I've selected a few pieces that show scenes of pure fantasy.
Still Life and Street is a classic fantasy world: books becoming buildings, or some some juxtaposition of scale. It makes me think of E. Nesbit's story "The Town in the Library in the Town in the Library," although Escher's picture clearly shows the library town of a grown man rather than one built by naughty little children. As always, Escher's wonderful details add to the magic, from the patterns on the books to the flowers in the windows, and the laundry lines all the way down the street. Notice the perfect shadows that the plants on the roof cast onto the wall opposite! I'd love to do this theme myself some day, although I'd have to come up with some twist to bring something new to the concept.
The Drowned Cathedral is an illustration of the Breton legend of Ys. Escher was inspired by hearing a performance of Claude Debussy's prelude La cathédrale engloutie (1910) based on the legend. The story itself is rather lurid involving murderous orgies, the Devil, a drunken wanton princess betraying her father, the king who in turn pushes his sinful daughter off the back of his magic horse and into the flood… Sex, violence, and a moral - all the ingredients of a popular blockbuster. However, the part of the story illustrated by Escher (and Debussy) is the last melancholy and mysterious trace of the destroyed city of Ys, whose drowned cathedral bells can still be heard sometimes when the sea is calm. (Compare with the legend of Kitezh.)
Castle in the Air seems rather like a companion piece to The Drowned Cathedral, with similar black sky and water, complex ancient architecture reflected in the water, and the fantastical scene observed by someone on the water. In this case the buildings are even more impossibly situated, and the observer watches, mysteriously, from the back of a large turtle. If this is an illustration of a particular story, I don't know it. (Note the detail of the reflection of the turtle's back and rider
superimposed on the shadow of the turtle's bottom and flippers visible beneath the surface. This was an idea Escher would come back to in 1955's Three Worlds.) This is one of Escher's earliest pieces in which he was exploring the landscapes of his imagination rather than the real world.
[Pictures: Still Life and Street, woodcut by M.C. Escher, 1937 (Image from wikiart);
The Drowned Cathedral, woodcut by Escher, 1929 (Image from cbcradio);
Castle in the Air, woodcut by Escher, 1928 (Image from wikiart).]
Labels: artist, block printing, fantasy
Creation is Embarrassing
Back around 1959, Isaac Asimov was invited to participate in a brainstorming group set up by MIT and the government to generate creative ideas for a missile defense system. Asimov's only formal contribution to the group was an essay on creativity, which many a modern business manager and classroom teacher would do well to read. In it Asimov tries to distill what he thinks are the necessary ingredients for creativity, and what are the benefits of group brainstorming. He wrote
…creation is embarrassing. For every new good idea you have, there are a hundred, ten thousand foolish ones, which you naturally do not care to display… The world in general disapproves of creativity, and to be creative in public is particularly bad. Even to speculate in public is rather worrisome. The individuals must, therefore, have the feeling that the others won't object.
I think he's pinpointed a couple of important things here. First, that although all the world loves a success, it is generally not very impressed by the steps that lead up to that success. Every great idea comes after a long trail of discarded ideas, but while being the genius who puts forward the winning idea is respected, putting forth all the preliminary ideas that lead to it is not only not respected, but often actively discouraged. So how do we carry on with our own creativity in the face of potential embarrassment? Mostly by keeping our ideas to ourselves. And how do we teach and encourage creativity? By trying not to mock, of course, but even more importantly, by giving room for private thought and permission for solitude. So the second point here is that we can't be creative if we're always in a public jumble of other people, without the chance to work through our own series of foolish ideas, quietly combing out the few precious strands.
Asimov makes a third point, however: that group work can be enormously helpful in multiplying the fund of knowledge that can then potentially be combined in new, unexpected ways. I know that I've often benefitted from running half-baked thoughts past tolerant family members. They respond with the facts, ideas, fancies, and questions that occur to them, which are inevitably somewhat different from those that had already occurred to me. But, Asimov asserts, this process only works in a group in which "all people at a session be willing to sound foolish and listen to others sound foolish." This requires a special kind of people, and a special kind of group dynamic. Many a highly intelligent person has squelched their ability for creativity through too deep a concern for respectability making them unwilling to sound foolish. Many a highly eccentric person has squelched the creativity of others through too deep a concern for their own colorful self making them unwilling to listen to others sounding foolish.
So what does creativity require? Silly people willing to spend time with their own silly thoughts, punctuated by time spent being silly together. Perfection! Therefore I challenge you: have you been silly today?
[Picture: The Electric Boots, engraving by A&E Taylor, from The Children's Fairy Geography by Forbes Edward Winslow, 1879. (Image from The British Library.)]
Quotations from On Creativity, by Isaac Asimov, c 1959. You can read Asimov's full essay at MIT Technology Review.
Escher's Greys
Last week I was lucky enough to see the M.C. Escher exhibit at the Currier Museum of Art. According to their blurb, "This Escher retrospective [was] one of the largest and most comprehensive ever offered in the United States." Certainly it was big, and had, in addition to much Art, lots of interesting stuff including sketches, blocks, and proofs that shed light on Escher's process, and his development of themes and techniques over the course of his life. I enjoyed it very much and came away with a number of things I noticed that I want to feature in upcoming blog posts.
Today I'll share something I found interesting about Escher and his greys. Of course Escher did lots of lithographs, in which you find the same sorts of gradations of grey as in a pencil sketch, and he did some mezzotints, in which you can get some of the richest shades possible in any printmaking technique, but as always I'm going to focus on the wood block prints. Escher did lots of pieces with multiple blocks, even for images that were simply "black and white." That's because he often wanted black, white, and one or more shades of grey, too. Sometimes his grey blocks were printed with grey ink: that is, ink that was presumably a mix of black and white pigments. But the thing I found interesting and unexpected was that in many prints Escher appeared to ink his "grey" blocks not with grey ink but with black ink spread so thinly that the white paper showed through and made it read grey. This is the sort of thing that's hard to see in a reproduction on a poster or in a book (or, I'm afraid, a computer screen), so it was one of those revelations that come from seeing the art in person.
All three of these pieces posted here have a related composition, with the misty grey scene in the background, framed in a black silhouette almost like cut paper in the foreground. As an idea for a multi-block piece this is really inspiring me and I'd definitely like to try for myself something with this concept. Escher, of course, takes an idea that I might toy with and pushes it to the extreme. This third piece, for example, is made from not just two blocks, but black plus five greys! I could barely even pick them all out while looking at the original. Looking at Escher's work makes me feel dreadfully lazy - the talent and skill are obvious, but the sheer amount of dogged work he put into his planning, carving, and printing is mind-boggling.
One more note regarding the printing of these pieces: it was the norm for artists not to print their own blocks but to have them printed or "published" by professional printing studios. Escher did do a fair bit of his own printing and was proud enough of himself for it that he marked self-printed pieces "eigen druck," which translates basically as "own printing." But I did not note in the exhibition whether these particular pieces were "eigen druck" or not. I think getting the level of grey correct would be pretty tough, since the grey comes from the rolling of the ink rather than mixing ahead of time. I'm guessing that means Escher was more likely to get the professionals to do it, but perhaps it means he would prefer to do it himself to get it exactly the way he wanted.
[Pictures: Calvi, Corsica, wood block print by M.C. Escher, c 1933;
Cloister of Monreale, Sicily, wood engraving by Escher, 1933;
Coast of Amalfi, wood block print by Escher, 1931 (Images from WikiArt).]
Posted by Anne E.G. Nydam at 8:28 AM 1 comment:
Her Majesty's Hobbit
Today is J.R.R. Tolkien's birthday (born 1892). We recently went to see the third installment of Peter Jackson's "Variations on a Theme by Tolkien," and while I won't say that I didn't enjoy it, my primary feelings were of disappointment. What a wasted opportunity to do a really good adaptation of The Hobbit at last! Oh well. So today I'll honor Tolkien with some illustrations of his work that he actually liked: those by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. (At the time, in the early 1970s, she was Crown Princess, and her pseudonym was Ingahild Grathmer.) Her illustrations were published in the Danish editions of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings in 1977. (She was also said to have been involved in the translation: a multi-talented woman.)
While these illustrations are, I believe, simply pen and ink, they have a definite block print vibe, with nice solid black blacks and white whites. They were apparently "redrawn" by Eric Fraser for a 2002 reissue, but I really don't know what that means or what "redrawing" accomplishes. As Tolkien himself noted, Margrethe's illustrations have a certain similarity to his own, especially noticeable in the picture of Smaug on his hoard. (I don't know whether Margrethe had seen Tolkien's pictures when she did hers.) There's a certain stylized whimsy without being cutesy that seems appropriate, especially for The Hobbit, which isn't nearly as serious or epic in tone as The Lord of the Rings. But the Nazgul is pretty cool, too!
[Pictures: Smaug from The Hobbit,
Nazgul from The Lord of the Rings;
Eowyn faces the Lord of the Nazgul's mount from The Lord of the Rings, I presume all these illustrations to be pen and ink, done by Margrethe II of Denmark, 1977-ish, and redrawn by Eric Fraser, 2002-ish. (Images from io9).]


text:
PACIFIC-12 CONFERENCE MEN'S TOURNAMENT
Justin Cobbs
Mike Montgomery
Colorado – 59
California - 56
THE MODERATOR: Coach, can you tell us what you're thinking right now?
COACH MONTGOMERY: Well, Colorado and ourselves are pretty equal, pretty even. We beat them by 1 at our place. They beat us here on a neutral. The things that you don't do and the things that you know you struggle with a little bit always come back to haunt you.
I thought we didn't play hard enough first half. I thought they competed harder than we did, probably coming off the fact that they lost to us. We were kind of back on our heels a little bit. They outrebounded us pretty substantially. In the second half we got a little life and had multiple opportunities to go ahead, but just made critical mistakes in critical situations, whether it be good defense and a missed rebound, even with one possession left. Rebound the ball, we had probably a couple of opportunities to score. Missed free throws at times; you can't miss free throws.
They went to Scott late, which is nice to have a go‑to guy at the block. He scored a couple baskets that hurt us. But it was just, games like that, teams that are fairly even, you have to make plays at critical times. We've had some problems with that throughout the year. We make two or three plays at the end. Don't turn it over. We turned it over twice when the momentum was clearly on our side. Could have gone ahead. Turned it over. Had to play defense.
When you give up 59 points, I don't know how much better defensively we can play. But we've had difficulty off and on all year long scoring the ball.
Q. Can you talk about, the second half you obviously got your transition game going with some defense, why you didn't have that in the first half?
COACH MONTGOMERY: Because we didn't play hard enough. We weren't coming up with 50‑50 balls. We were back on our heels. Second half we started scrapping; we started getting it together defensively. We got out on the break. We pushed the ball. That is the way we have to play. We don't have the luxury of trying to just outscore people.
We have to be really scrappy on defense. We have to do our jobs. We have to help each other and that helps us get out on the break where we're best, like most teams are best. We're not, I wouldn't classify us as a pure shooting team.
Q. A lot of people have said this is a play‑in game for your team in terms of the NCAA tournament. Do you think you guys are still a tournament team after this?
COACH MONTGOMERY: Did anybody who knows what they're talking about say that or just people talking?
Q. Just people.
COACH MONTGOMERY: People talking, so they don't know and I don't know. There is a committee that knows, and I'm not on that committee. Can we compete in the tournament? Yes. Are there others that will be in that we're better than? Absolutely. But at this point it's out of our hands. The job needed to be done for sure before, so now we're at the mercy, and we've made it tough on ourselves.
Q. Can you talk about how you finished out the end of the second half? Discuss what the problems were in finishing it out.
COACH MONTGOMERY: In this game or the season?
Q. No, the second half of this game, at the end of the second half.
COACH MONTGOMERY: Well, we were down 9 and very fortunate to be only down 9 at the half, because we didn't do much very well. We didn't play very hard. We weren't getting 50‑50 balls. We were getting outrebounded, couldn't shoot it. We were getting pretty good looks, relative to what a good look would be, but it wasn't going in. They were running on us, and we just played.
Now we came out‑‑ again, if you look at it, Ricky Kreklow hits two threes to start the second half, and those were not shots we hadn't made all first half. So we've got six straight points and it goes from 9 to 3 just like that. It's not very complex. It wasn't like we were doing anything different. We just got a couple shots to go down. We got a little life, and we had a 3‑5, 5‑4 or 6, kept right in that range, and then we got even with them and had a real chance. We made some mistakes down the stretch.
Substitution patterns are difficult for us a little bit. Sometimes we feel like we're getting some offense, but we're giving up something on defense. I don't have a lot of big‑guy depth so sometimes we get stuck there. But big guys are having to play a lot of minutes and they're having to play against really good players.
So we just played harder. We played harder, played together, moved the ball, attacked the basket, and maybe they kind of did what we did in the first half. Got back on their heels a little bit.
Q. Justin, would you say that your offensive difficulties in the first half ended up ultimately costing you in this game given the deficit at halftime and what the final score was?
JUSTIN COBBS: No, it's just energy. We didn't have any energy, so we lost.


In the process of learning the programming languages, we usually use the PC to work with the appropriate applications, environments, programs, read books, use mass online courses. Now, when smartphones are with us always and everywhere, it's a sin not to take advantage of their capabilities to learn programming skills or improve them.
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Thus, the application offers a developer kit that allows you to easily create projects and Python scripts on Android-devices.
Support SL4A programming for access to Android functions: network, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.
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Practice Mode questions are sorted by different topics. The user can choose them himself. There are 10 questions. The user can continue the test, even if he gives the wrong answer. All questions and answers will be displayed at the end of the workout.
This application is a quick guide for Python. The manual will be especially useful for beginners who want to learn the rules of Python syntax. The guide covers the basics of Python programming, so users will have enough knowledge to create some simple and productive application. The manual consists of the following topics: variables, conditions, functions, cycles, lists, strings, dictionaries.
Developers of the application advise us to skip long, complex books on Phyton. In order to learn how to program on Phyton 3.0 faster, they offer a short and concise application that will teach everything necessary for Phyton programming.
This book is written for people who do not have any knowledge in programming or are newcomers. She focuses on the most important concepts with examples.
This application finally differs from the previous ones in that it affects not only Python itself, but also Django. This is essentially an English language tutorial in Python and Django on the Udemy platform. Its content includes such topics as Python and Hello World, a review and history of Python, functions, classes, databases, modules, and packages, JSON, Django installation, admin interface, Django template language and others.
There are 18 lectures, Hour high-quality content, community, video and audio lectures, presentations, articles, you can save courses for offline viewing.
A collection of tutorials on Python 2 and 3. It will tell you about the history and philosophy of Python, how to install Python, work with numbers and strings in Python, the types of data and variables, functions, etc.
Python Programming Tutorial – Tutorial on Python.


text:
Q: How can I use such statement in smarty? {assign var=tmp_url value=setURI(array('page' => 1))}

It seems array() can't be used in smarty ?
I tried various ways ,but none work.
Anyone knows the trick?

A: as far as I can tell there is no native way of setting an array in smarty you could assign the array to smarty templete in your php and call it page
then accesss it in smarty like this
 {assign var=tmp_url value=setURI($page[1])}

or you could use a plug in. there are some other options in this thread but I'm not sure what will be best for you. you may need to find another way of doing what you want or modifying your function in some way so it can take a string

A: You could use {php} tags to assign the variable value in there:

Foo!{$var}

{php}
$this->assign('tmp_url', setURI($page[1]));
{/php}
bar

A: try this,
In php file, write a function
<?php
 function getSetUri(){
   return setURI(array('page' => 1));
 }
?>

In template file, just call the function
{assign var=tmp_url value=getSetUri()}


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