Why ask such a question? Can all Witnesses "recall the basic details of the Lord's Evening Meal."?
Only the Anointed class partake of emblems.
The Great Crowd, almost all Witnesses, just observe.
The pedantic way everyone had to be formally handed the plate and cup by someone else even though they were just to pass it on.
However, not much beyond this other than perhaps feeling a little awkward and left out as just observing.
Let us examine Jesus simple clear instructions. Then perhaps we can see reasons for perhaps why not all Witnesses remember the main points Jesus gave.
From this, you would understand that that Judas was not there at this time and hence the benefits of the meal did not apply to him. Yet, the account at Luke 22:14-24 shows the evening meal came first. The Bible account shows Judas left a while after this (Luke 22:21-23).
So what simple things did Jesus do?
saying: "This means my body which is to be given in YOUR behalf.
saying: "Drink out of it, all of YOU; for this means my 'blood of the covenant,' which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.
These instructions were indeed simple.
All disciples (followers) of Christ should eat the unleavened bread and drink the red wine. They should do it in remembrance of his sacrifice for all humankind. If they did not they would not have everlasting life. It was that simple.
Contrast this with the following teachings from the Watchtower article.
Luke 22:14-23 and John 13:2-5, 21-31 clearly show Judas was there. Mark 14:17-26 does not show when Judas was dismissed, neither does Matthew 26. A likely reason for this wrong claim is so that the partaking of the evening meal can be applied by the Organization to a limited group, rather than all.
Jesus did not make any mention of a heavenly calling nor an earthly calling. He did not say that only anointed followers should partake and all others should only observe. These requirements complicate the simple instructions that Jesus gave.
Rather, he just said, "keep doing this in remembrance of me" and "he who drinks my blood and eats my flesh has everlasting life and I will resurrect him on the last day".
If we take the meaning of the reverse side of Jesus instructions, we are left with the conclusion that, if we do not eat and drink i.e. partake, to remember Jesus, then we will not get everlasting life. A serious conclusion for all lovers of Bible truth to ponder over.
Certainly, reading the scriptures alone, in context, is the key to understanding the simple truth Jesus taught. We are then able to filter out the needless and incorrect complications added by the Organization (and other Christian religions for that matter). Then we can clearly see that Jesus asked us to remember him, and additionally what he did for us by offering his life on behalf of all humankind. He did not complicate it with transubstantiation, consubstantiation, little flock and great crowd, and similar complications, all of which have all been added by man's interpretations.
In summation, Jesus' fine qualities of humility, courage and love are submerged in Organization-centric interpretation distracting readers from Jesus simple message. We will therefore reiterate his simple message.
Paul went to great pains to explain how festival and other celebration days from the old Law Covenant were now of no real consequence, although if individuals felt that they were still important to them then it would be fine for them to continue to view them as such as long as they did not look down on others for not doing so.
My point; this would have been the opportunity for Paul to make an exception for the Passover day on which Jesus inaugurated the New Covenant. However he did not, as he would have made a self defeating argument.
So I think this lends support to the idea of celebrating the Lord's evening meal only on this day is not scripturally supported. In fact clinging to this idea could in fact be contrary to what Paul was encouraging here in Romans.
I have made other posts here on this subject that also support the idea that early Christians celebrated the Lord's Evening meal on frequent occasions, weekly in fact.
The Catholic Church that stretches back to the earliest Centuries got this one right at least. They were witness to the customs of the early Christians who celebrated weekly or whenever was possible and certainly not just on Passover day Nissan 14. There is no historical evidence that suggests they did so.
First don't attribute thoughts to posters you disparage that they never made the ideas you, in writing, attribute to them. My second point might help you understand how you are reach wrong conclusions about how ALL Christians MUST analyze scripture and follow it. It is easiest done through an example.
You know the statement Christ made about the necessity of eating his flesh and drinking his blood he made in a public environment, and not during his last pass over celebration. You also know that statement is metaphorical in nature.
Although knowing it to be metaphorical and thus open to interpretation, and knowing it was made in a public setting prior to the pass over, you insist that command of Christ must be interpreted one way, and only one way, and obeyed one way, and only one way if Christians are to get everlasting life.
Well, why would Christ give someone everlasting life for eating bread and drinking wine? The author's article said Judas did that and so resurrection is guaranteed to Judas. That's speculative thought, and is called over reaching in legal circles.
There is no indication Judas will receive a resurrection in any scripture. As a matter if fact Christ said it would have been better for him had he not even been born which strongly implies Judas won't be resurrected. The statement by the author is compatible to the same type of over reaching you apply, often calling it logical reasoning.
The danger I see in your behavior is that you are setting yourself up to be judged by it, for my Lord said we will be judged as we judge others, especially if judging Christians. The irony in your behavior is that is exactly one of the chief reasons you condemn WT.
Hello Messenger, I think you conclude with the thoughts that are most central to your argument. The we should be mindful of our judgements of others.
However a common misconception that many have is that we should not judge others. The simple fact is that we judge all day long. We judge food, the air we breathe, other people's speech and actions and a million other things throughout life.
What Jesus actually said is that we should be careful as to how we judge. We should make good judgements, not be harsh or overly critical in our judgements as were the Pharisees. That is why Jesus spun the tale of the man who needed to take the rafter out of his own eye before he could properly extract the splinter from his brothers eye.
Anyway in this context Jesus was talking about making moral judgements about people's moral worth. The Jewish religious leaders had contempt for the common peoples. Jesus was not talking about the mundane things, or differences of opinion.
With regards to my comments on peoples posts I fail to see the connection with your rebuke?
I have not broken anyone's bones, spilled any blood or impugned anyones moral character!
I do however take exception to some argumentation being presented as being flawed and in need of addressing.
And if anyone takes offense at this then I am sorry, but what's the point of posting ideas if you do not want anyone to challenge them?
I thought the very purpose of this site is to present ideas and have them challenged and looked at in the light of "many counselors".
I am not interested in any personal one upmanship, I do not know most people on this site from a bar of soap or in a personal way. I love the people who come here to exchange ideas and who try to determine the truth about certain bible teachings.
And with all due respect Messenger, the irony of your rebuttal is that you are making moral judgements about my motives and moral character.
Let's do a deal and why don't we just play the ball and not the man? Let's stick to the topic on hand , present our best arguments and evaluate the responses from others as I have from you, and see if we can learn anything. I know I have learned heaps from this site and made some very good friends out of it too.
Again I apologise if I have offended you or anyone else , however I do see the need to continue to challenge what I perceive as poor arguments with scripture if I think it is warranted.
Someone getting offended was not my point. My point is that in your rebuttal you attributed ideas to me that I didn't make, thus building a false argument.
Yes we judge all the time true, that goes without saying. That wasn't my point, and my point had nothing to do with people acting harshly, or even judging unfairly. My second point is that it is dangerous to assume the seat Christ has, and assume we can judge Christians as being Christian or apostate based solely on doctrinal beliefs.
Maybe God has not revealed a belief to someone who doesn't believe exactly like me yet, or maybe God has not revealed something to me, but God intends to in the future. How am I to know? if we take the position Christians must believe everything we do for Christ to accept them, then where does that position logically end? I see the logical conclusion would be everyone will have a group of one. That is believing no one else is a Christian, thus no Christian connection to others at all.
That's the extreme example, but it illustrates that we have to be very careful where we draw the line. Is where we draw the line ONLY where the Bible tells us to?
And don't worry that you offended me, you didn't. And no apology is necessary. I have had people curse me in online Bible debates before, or make fun of me on the site. Every act offers a teachable moment. And that's how I viewed those acts.
Here I, like yourself, was offering points with the intentional hope those points can benefit others. Please know that everything I write, including comments that claim to be directed to you as an individual are actually not, but instead for that broader purpose I mentioned. We all express ourselves differently.
In John 6:66, many of his disciples left Jesus after her told them to eat his flesh and drink his blood. If he meant it metaphoricalmy, wouldn't he have call them back to explain that he did not mean it literally?
Also eating his body and drinking his blood does not guarantee eternal life. You need to do it in a worthy manner see 1 Cor 11:27-29.
Jesus often said things in such as way as to test people's true motivation. By not explaining what he meant, he winnowed down the flock. True believers would be humble enough to wait on an explanation, while others would sieze on it as an excuse to go back to their former ways.
Please see the order of the Passover meal as given by William Barclay. Comparing notes, it is very close to Edersheim's account. This helps a person get a better understanding of what Jesus and the 12 would have been doing. Based on this we can take an educated guess at which point, Jesus institutes his Memorial.
We must first set out the various steps of the Passover Feast, so that in our mind's eye we can follow what Jesus and his disciples were doing. The steps came in this order.
(i) The cup of the Kiddush. Kiddush means sanctification or separation. This was the act which, as it were, separated this meal from all other common meals. The head of the family took the cup and prayed over it, and then all drank of it.
(ii) The first hand washing. This was carried out only by the person who was to celebrate the feast. Three times he had to wash his hands in the prescribed way which we have already described when studying Mark 7:1-37 .
(iii) A piece of parsley or lettuce was then taken and dipped in the bowl of salt water and eaten. This was an appetizer to the meal, but the parsley stood for the hyssop with which the lintel had been smeared with blood, and the salt stood for the tears of Egypt and for the waters of the Red Sea through which Israel had been brought in safety.
(v) Next came the relating of the story of deliverance. The youngest person present had to ask what made this day different from all other days and why all this was being done. And the head of the house had thereupon to tell the whole story of the history of Israel down to the great deliverance which the Passover commemorated. The Passover could never become a ritual. It was always a commemoration of the power and the mercy of God.
(vi) Psalms 113:1-9; Psalms 114:1-8 were sung. Psalms 113:1-9; Psalms 114:1-8; Psalms 115:1-18; Psalms 116:1-19; Psalms 117:1-2; Psalms 118:1-29 are known as the Hallel (Hebrew #1984), which means the praise of God. All these psalms are praising psalms. They were part of the very earliest material which a Jewish boy had to commit to memory.
(vii) The second cup was drunk. It was called the cup of Haggadah (compare Hebrew #5046), which means the cup of explaining or proclaiming.
(viii) All those present now washed their hands in preparation for the meal.
(ix) A grace was said. "Blessed art thou, O Lord, our God, who bringest forth fruit from the earth. Blessed art thou, O God, who has sanctified us with thy commandment and enjoined us to eat unleavened cakes." Thereafter small pieces of the unleavened bread were distributed.
(x) Some of the bitter herbs were placed between two pieces of unleavened bread, dipped in the Charosheth and eaten. This was called the sop. It was the reminder of slavery and of the bricks that once they had been compelled to make.
(xi) Then followed the meal proper. The whole lamb must be eaten. Anything left over must be destroyed and not used for any common meal.
(xii) The hands were cleansed again.
(xiii) The remainder of the unleavened bread was eaten.
(xv) The second part of The Hallel (Hebrew #1984)–Psalms 115:1-18; Psalms 116:1-19; Psalms 117:1-2; Psalms 118:1-29 –was sung.
(xvi) The fourth cup was drunk, and Psalms 136:1-26 , known as the great Hallel (Hebrew #1984), was sung.
Thus ended the Passover Feast. If the feast that Jesus and his disciples sat at was the Passover it must have been items (xiii) and (xiv) that Jesus made his own, and (xvi) must have been the hymn they sang before they went out to the Mount of Olives.
The JW quote alluding to Matthew wasn't inaccurate. The paragraph reads "He took what was at hand from the Passover meal", indicating He used what was left to institute the communion. Be sure to stay true to the source's intent.
As ever a good review. Thanks. I have been spending time discussing with various JWs who approach me as they want to know why I partake. I am very careful to use JW literature and found two points in Insight to the Scriptures under "Offerings" and The Lord's Evening Meal.
Under "Offerings" there is a subheading on Communion offerings (or peace offerings).
Communion offerings acceptable to Jehovah denoted peace with him. The worshiper and his household partook (in the courtyard of the tabernacle; according to tradition, booths were set up around the inside of the curtain surrounding the courtyard; in the temple, dining rooms were provided). The officiating priest received a portion, and the priests on duty, another portion. Jehovah, in effect, received the pleasing smoke of the burning fat. The blood, representing the life, was given to God as his. Therefore the priests, the worshipers, and Jehovah were as if together at the meal, signifying peaceful relationships. The person partaking while in a state of uncleanness (any of the uncleannesses mentioned in the Law) or who ate the flesh after it had been kept beyond the prescribed time (in the warm climate it would begin to putrefy) was to be cut off from his people. He defiled or desecrated the meal, because of either being unclean himself or eating that which was foul before Jehovah God, showing disrespect for sacred things.—Le 7:16-21; 19:5-8.
The Lord's Evening Meal (Memorial or Last Supper) is a communion meal. (1Co 10:16) Those in "the new covenant by virtue of [Jesus'] blood" share with one another in faith, partaking of the emblems representing Jesus' body and blood. They share also with Jehovah as Author of the arrangement. These are seeking Jehovah's approval and are at peace not only with one another but also with Jehovah through Jesus Christ. In line with the requirement of cleanness for sharers in a communion meal, Paul warns that the Christian should examine himself before the Memorial meal. To treat the occasion or the emblems of wine and unleavened bread lightly or with contempt would be desecration of sacred things, meriting adverse judgment.—1Co 11:25, 27-29; see LORD'S EVENING MEAL.
Under the Law, the Communion Offering showed that all were at Peace and all taking part had a share. I ask the question, there is Jehovah, the sacrifice, the priest and the Israelite. Who represents who at the Lord's Evening Meal and if you don't have a share there was no peace between the person and Jehovah. They are all stumped and begin to see it not good when you are not at peace with God, it means you incur his enmity.
Eleasar, quite fascinating. Thanks for sharing.
Hello all, and especially in reply to dear Messenger and others who share certain views that Messenger espouses in his last post.
Messenger you make quite a few arguments that I think are seriously flawed. You then proceed to bundle them together and present them as proof of what you posit in the first paragraph.
You present this as a guiding principle and as if to say true knowledge, understanding, and truth is subjective, what it is true for you, may be different to others and in the end of the day matters little and we should not judge others for having radical different understandings.
Firstly I fail to see the connection you have made between the Mosaic Law being superseded by the New Covenant as proof that Law, even that by Jesus has any merit for salvation! You then immediately contradict yourself by quoting Mark 12:30 referenced from the Mosaic Law, in the context of Jesus very own words who re-stated this "Law"! Please see James 2:8 where this passage of scripture is referred to as the "Royal Law".
You also mention the benefit of extrinsic evidence such as non-canonical information, please hold this thought until a later comment I wish to make on your post.
You then proceed to argue that amidst the profusion of Christian beliefs that exist today, it would be wrong to judge others as being in error as they may have "logical" reasons for doing so.
On this point I would like to point out that truth is objective, it is not subjective. Amongst all of the opposing beliefs there can only be one correct understanding. Either one is right and the other wrong. Both cannot be right. Your use of the word "logical" is in direct contradiction of this basic "logical "fact. What you refer to as logical good reasons must only then be assumptions that are untested and accepted without rigorous testing to see if they are actually sound.
You provide 2 very good examples of this in your post, one of Jesus being God in the one and only almighty sense and early Christians serving in the armed forces. There is a mountain of scriptural, secular and non-canonical religious early writings that support the fact that Christians did not participate in the Roman political and armed forces of the time.
You state that the Lords Supper is or could be ceremonial only diminishing its importance. Do you think baptism is also ceremonial? Is getting married only ceremonial? Signing a contract for a house, affirming love for your wife by celebrating a wedding anniversary or a child's birth?
I understand you do not have space and time to argue your points fully here, but then you must not present these as proofs either for an argument at this time without developing your points of argument.
But just on the 2 points of the Lords Supper and Baptism, these are direct and clear commands of Jesus, they are an integral part of being a Christian.
You then further contradict yourself by quoting Jesus as saying he is the only one who can judge, having stated that even a list of Laws by Jesus would not have any merit by which we could use as criteria to establish matters conclusively for salvation.
This form of argument is reminiscent of JWs who frequently condemn it, even though the Org uses your kind of post-modernist philosophy of truth being subjective all day long and into the night too. The terms evidently, new light, present truth, old truth, new understanding etc. demonstrates the point that to them truth is fluid and can be whatever they decide on any given day. And yes, try to criticize them and see what the response is! Do you share their view?
Yet they espouse at the same time how God never changes and that the truth never does either! Indeed Messenger you go as far as to say we should not criticize the Org or JWs for having the beliefs they have and we should not judge them. Then can I ask you, if as you say," we are all at different places of understanding, and if we do not accept it, then what is the point of this site"? Then I say right back at you, what are you doing on here? Just to point out there is no concrete truth? What's the point of the exercise? Using your "logic", why don't we just all go back to the K /Hall and swell the ranks of the Org?
You say having erroneous beliefs do not matter however Paul said that some served God with zeal but without knowledge. Of himself he said he served God but was in reality for a time an insolent man not deserving of the grace God extended to him because of his past beliefs! So having the truth does matter to Paul and God and it should matter to us too. Jesus said the truth shall set you free. Either we have the truth or not, we are set free or we are not! It's as simple as that in my opinion.
Indeed Jesus is the final arbiter but let's focus narrowly on the subject at hand which is the Lords Supper. We have Jesus own words, scripture and non-biblical evidence to go by in regards to the Lords Supper which are very clear and concise of which I will comment on.
1 Cor 10:16 Paul expresses the action of eating and drinking of the bread and wine as something we "all partake of", and in 1 Cor 11: 24-25 he quotes Jesus as saying that his disciples must do this, it is a command by him. A law if you like.
The question of how often, when, or if at a particular time, the nature of the celebration, should we literally partake if possible or even if it is incumbent on Christians today is what many debate, so allow me to briefly point out what the scriptures say and present some non-biblical evidence of how the early Christians viewed these matters for some clarity.
Firstly Jesus the great teacher used local and current knowledge, immediate places, things and situations to teach his disciples truths. On this occasion he used the Passover celebration. The Passover to the Jews was a celebration of a mighty act of salvation that God performed on behalf of the Jews thousands of years ago in Egypt. I think we have all seen the film, "The Ten Commandments".
Jesus used this occasion to teach them about another far greater act of salvation that God was going to perform on their behalf! And used this day of the Passover to emphasise what was about to occur shortly! And so by command to his followers he instituted what has become to be known variously as the Lords Supper, Communion etc. As far as the significance of instituting the New Covenant on this one day there is no evidence to suggest that it must only be done on this once a year day, in fact there is abundant evidence to prove otherwise.
Please note how the JWs NWT translates the term breaking bread as taking of meals and making out this was only as a social activity and not one with a sacred connection to the "breaking of bread" as exemplified by Jesus when he instituted the Lords evening meal celebration. This is an attempt by the Org to bolster their view of how often the Lords evening meal was celebrated by the early Christians! From the account in Luke obviously they are wrong! Every other translation mostly translates Acts 2: 42-46 as the breaking of bread and not as the taking of meals.
Breaking of bread was never used in a religious or secular sense at the time as signifying taking a meal together or as an invitation to do so. It only occurs with reference to Christians celebrating the Lords Supper!
On another occasion this time at Act 20:6-11. This is where Paul spoke till midnight and Eutychus fell soundly asleep and fell out of a window and killed himself, but was miraculously revived by Paul.
Note in Acts 20:6 Paul narrows the time of this meeting as 5 days after the celebration of the Unleavened Bread and as the first day of the week which for the Jews was a Sunday. Note verse 7 were Paul says they gathered together to break bread together, The NWT again translated this term as have a meal together. Paul discourses until midnight when Eutychis is killed by a fall. Then note after reviving him they go upstairs and begin to break bread. Here the NWT again translates as have a meal, however in the footnotes has to concede that the term literally is to break bread! A meal at midnight??? Middle East or Europe a late meal is 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock but midnight? Clearly something is going on here on a Sunday. Paul met with the disciples and as they did on a frequent basis in Jerusalem soon after the celebration of the Passover they were frequently celebrating the Lords Supper or as the term breaking bread came to mean.
Just the very fact that the Org wants to desperately bury the real term of breaking bread must raise a red flag.
Now for some non-canonical evidence that the early Christians celebrated the Lords Supper frequently and as it appears, whenever they got together, and mostly on a Sunday as a custom.
Below is a cut and paste from the early 1st Century Christian apologist Justin Martyr. Justin Martyr's second apology to Antonius Pius for Marcus Aurelius'. Check it out fully for yourselves.
"On this day which is called Sunday, all Christians who dwell in country or town come together to the one place. The memoirs of the prophets and the Apostles are read for some time, and then the president of the meeting, when the reader has stopped makes a discourse. They all then rise and address in prayer their prayers to God. Then when the prayers are ended the president brings out the wine and the bread and distribute them, and after more prayer they all partake after which they assent and say amen to the proceedings. After which thanksgiving is made as all partake.
Well I hope a point is made around the frequency of the celebration as by the early Christians. I think they may have had a better understanding from their view than anyone's today do you not think. They did not view it as ceremonial, they did it frequently, and they broke bread and wine, and did not restrict it to only Nissan 14.
It became an integral part of Christianity as is baptism is an essential requirement.
Love from Alithia to all. Looking forward to breaking bread with anyone in Australia who is close by.
Hi Alithia. Well reasoned comments. I found the Justin Martyr comment well worthy of note, although, according to GraceOnlineLibrary it is from his First Apology.
Thank you for reminding us of the importance of truth. After all, that is probably why many of us became JWs in the first place.
Love and Greetings to you all down under, and anywhere else for that matter.
The JW response is that in Acts 2 the partakers had received Holy Spirit immediately after baptism and were considered anointed.
I write from my phone so in the future please limit your response to my comment to one or two issues, if you wish my answered return. I cannot simultaneously see all the points you raised in my small screen, or keep them all in my head. Also, when attributing thoughts to me please only attribute those that I actually state. In the comment above you attribute quite a number of thoughts to me that I never raised, nor do I believe. I don't see that the listing of those serve any purpose that is not already covered in this request.
There was only one purpose for me making the comment I previously offered. So, the comments you made about how often Christians celebrate the memorial, whether we can criticize WT, and perhaps some others in your response which I have not read yet I won't address here. As to your characterization of my writing, that is inconsequential in my opinion also, so I offer no comment on that.
"If all Christians were enlightened about the same things, at the same time, then this website would serve no purpose. Christians acceptable to Christ possess different levels of understandings on biblical issues".
And then it is logically proven. Paul could not logically have made that statement above if all Christians were enlightened by God concerning the same issues, at the same time. Another logical proof involves you and what you think. And that is the only reason I comment here, and the reason I read your comments and articles.
God requires that we understand his ideas, not simply reason out what a sentence says according to the Hebrew or Greek of 2,000 years ago, compare that with other statements in the Bible, draw conclusions, and then believe we are doing what God wants. There are truths in the Bible God wants us to follow that are far more important than other truths in the Bible. And God views us by our desire to do follow his will based on that fact. Because it goes to the heart of what we are.
For instance, if you do not accept my initial premise, "If all Christians were enlightened about the same things, at the same time, then this website would serve no purpose. Christians acceptable to Christ possess different levels of understandings on biblical issues," then logically you must view everyone who comments on this website that does not share every biblical idea as you do as unchristian. Or you must view yourself as unchristian. Can you explain to readers how the conclusion I just offered about you is erroneous? Will quoting a ton of scriptures like John 17:17 help to validate your position? Or is it you miss the point of such scriptures? And why quote a lot of scriptures if a hearer doesn't understand one?
Who is our judge? Who is the judge of others? Exactly what did Christ say must be done for him to accept us? What should we teach and not teach others about following God. Those are some of the most important Bible truths. They are far more important than many of the issues you comment on.
Naturally anything anyone does in rebellion to God is not approved by him. But Jehovah's Witnesses are not rebelling when they celebrate the memorial in a way you state is not biblical. Who decides if their way is acceptable, you or God? And if you, then are you God?
Thank you Tadua for your work! And Alithia thank you for your interesting comment.
This is an important claim. Could you please provide some links or references to back this up.
If all Christians were enlightened about the same things, at the same time, then this website would serve no purpose. Christians acceptable to Christ possess different levels of understandings on biblical issues. And if obeying God's laws given to the Jews, taught Christians that law could not lead to salvation, then no law could, none made by any group of Christians, not even a list offered by Christ. Thus Christ stated the most important part of that Jewish law was loving God with our whole hearts and minds Mark 12:30. Our minds as used in that scripture primarily includes our understandings about biblical matters concerning God, and matters concerning God revealed to us through NON-BIBLICAL MEANS.
Therefore, are we as a group of Christians to establish what it means to be acceptable to Christ based on what we believe , as compared to what others claiming to be Christians believe, even when we admit they do have some logical grounds to base their beliefs on? For instance, Isaiah 9:6 gives Christ the name Mighty God. The god of WHICH people does that scripture identify Christ as being god too? And is it our God given right to teach the ones who accept him as God are apostate Christians? Similarly, since it is a known fact that in the book of Romans God assigns our governments the job of USING THE SWORD against criminals who break their laws (citizens from other countries not excluded), and since the the first gentile converted to Christianity was an army officer, then is it our Christian right to view those who serve in the military while declaring themselves as Christian are apostates?
I am quite sure that many who will read those two examples would like to debate those points-because I have seen so much debate about them in the past. But, that's not why I used those examples. I referred to them only as examples that some people who claim Christianity have different biblical understandings than we do. And they have logical reasons for their beliefs. They are not teaching and believing things out of a rebellion to God. And all here acknowledge that Holy Spirit has not revealed the same biblical understandings to us, and that we are probably all wrong on different biblical matters. And yet we believe that WE are not judged because of it. So what about the others? And who decides?
Now I believe all Christians should partake of the emblems. But I don't believe Christ judges people because of THEIR Christian beliefs, if they believe they don't. And I hold that belief because of knowing God and Christ without this closing point. But also, what additionally seems to support this idea of mine is that, as the article states, Christ made the statement about the necessity of eating his flesh and drinking his blood to receive everlasting life at a different date, earlier to implementing a ceremony that represents that idea. I believe what he meant by that idea is encapsulated in the scriptures taught at John 3:26-21 far more than the ceremony which he established during his last pass over celebration.
Well said, Messenger. WIth love for God and Christ comes understanding. With understanding comes acceptance. With acceptance comes tolerance. As long as we can see that the other person desires to be guided by God and Christ.
Much of what love is about is in 1 Corinthians 13, for those that need it explained. As regards truth, Paul says that love "rejoices with the truth". Of course it does ! But we must all be responsible for the decisions we make.
No Christian can use control techniques and call it love, because Christ never did that. Distorting the truth is only done by those who wish to control others. We might well fail to understand what some of God's word means, but to distort it and use that distortion to control is very dangerous (Rev 22 18-19), while those that do so must bear the responsibility and consequences for so doing.
Thanks to God that we are free to express ourselves on this site.
I did misunderstand your comment, Bernardbooks. I misinterpreted several comments as being attacks on Tadua. I haven't read many articles on this web site for a couple of years, which accounts for some misunderstanding, since I didn't know about any past articles. If possible, ignore what I said. If I have anything to argue about, I'll save it for another article. Thanks to everybody for the article and comments.
Comparing the simple meal Jesus had with the organization's setup shows to me almost no similarities at all with the exception of prayer.
Was Judas there or not ? How does WT justify its statement that Judas had left before the bread and wine were passed round. The Insight book, under Judas, attempts to explain this by citing Luke 22 28-30 and saying that Judas had definitely left by the time that Christ commended the group for having stuck with him as that would not fit Judas.
They also throw in the idea that Luke's account is evidently not in strict chronological order. Out of all the Gospel writers, I would have thought that Luke would have tried very hard to make sure he had accurately recorded events (See Luke 1:3).
Yet there is absolutely nothing to connect verses 28-30 with bread or wine being shared .
Therefore I believe Jesus is asking all his followers, as evidenced by even Judas presence mentioned at verses 19-20 to remember him by partaking of the bread and the wine. "How often ?" is a different question, which has been quite satisfactorily discussed by others this week.
Further observations will be appreciated.
"Evidently" is a term the Organization uses when they want to teach something without being questioned on it, where actually there is no evidence, but they imply that there is. Of course most Witnesses (including myself in the past) fall for that empty statement and don't question, where is the evidence for this claim.
I agree with you, Luke of all the Gospel writers is likely to have things in the right order.
The real issue is that it means that more than the "anointed" should partake, if a to-be sinner like Judas was asked to partake even though Jesus knew what he was likely to do. Another issue is that the question "Will Judas get a resurrection?" leans more to the answer "Yes" as why otherwise would Jesus have allowed him to partake.
The problems the Organization get themselves in by having an agenda and trying to interpret other scriptures around that instead of allowing the scriptures to speak for themselves.
Yes the answer to how often has been well established.
I used to think, why wait once a year. Is it really scriptural or Because of past traditions that the Org. Celebrates it annually? Looking at the teachings from Jesus and the Apostles who and how often is well established in simple truths in the article and comments.
It's like saying to someone you love, let's catch up for a meal- next year March 20th at 7pm 2020.
You good with that. And by the way , I don't drink wine or grape fruit juice or eat unleavened or any type of bread. Ok. The Exception is for a few.
I've just come to now appreciate that I want to commune more often- but not so that it is routine or common.
Because at the heart of it is love, appreciation for the Lord Jesus, who was willing to die on the stake/cross to take upon Himself our sins. To me that's the focus.
Hello Lazarus, love the analogy. I think it to be most fitting to the situation.
In addition like you, there are many who after having come to the proper understanding have this compelling desire to partake and share in the blood and flesh of Jesus.
Like the scriptures say when one is born of Holy Spirit they cry out Abba! The spirit bears witness with their spirit that they are sons of God.
Wanting to show appreciation for the sacrifice of the Lord is evidence that Gods Spirit is operating on a person.
Could not having this desire or feeling compelled to do so reflect the opposite?
On another note, I think it's also interesting to bring 1 Corinthians 10:15-22 into the discussion. Verse 17 in particular makes it clear that ALL were partaking of the one loaf. This partaking of the cup and the loaf is likened in verse 21 to partaking of the table of Jehovah. Paul lays this out in contrast to those who eat and sacrifice to idols, thus making themselves sharers with demons.
The footnote on "table of Jehovah" links to Malachi 1:12, and the context in Malachi speaks of a time when Jehovah's name will be great among the nations, when always and everywhere pure sacrifices will be offered to His name. That sounds like a lot more than just 144,000 people participating in the offerings.
Did Jesus specify to his disciples that they should have this meal once a year?
I think the anonymous writer of this article assumes that the organizational tradition is what Jesus said.
"Keep doing this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me.
From what I understand the first century Christians had this meal about once a week. And it was a full meal, with no officiating clergymen where the bread was broken and passed around. Not the solemn, painfully boring occasion the JW's make it into.
See the book Pagan Christianity for more details.
Have read this book and love it, it gives great insight into many matters including how the early Christians understood the Lord and his instructions regarding the celebrating of the Lords Evening Meal.
First century Christians probably celebrate the Lord's supper (breaking bread) once a week, on the Lord's day (first day of the week – Sunday) – Acts 20:7. Or "daily" – Acts 2:46. There is no mention in the Bible that the Lord's supper must be celebrated once a year under solemn ceremonial procedure; but "whenever".
Tadua is reviewing a WT article. The review is limited in length. The issue about the frequency of celebrating the Lord's Supper is just one of numerous possible lengthy digressions Tadua could have made, because Christians have disagreed about many things regarding the celebration. I agree with Tadua that it should be celebrated yearly and that Christians need to partake to have the benefits of the New Covenant. But I won't try to prove these things. However, if the commenters who disagree with him want to write their own articles on this web site, they will discover their positions will get criticized.
Quibusdam, I also agree that the question "how often" is not crucial for this topic. Tadua, thank you for exact and useful analysis.
I didn't notice that Tadua had said only to "celebrate the Lord's last supper only once per year as you indicated. Perhaps he may want to clarify his view with your statement.
I think I may have caused the confusion.
I should clarify I meant the anonymous writer of the watchtower article in my comment above not Tadua's review article.


There weren't enough particles whenthe box fell through the floor.
When I seen the name, I was sceptical, but I actuallly like the animations. The sword test was great, and the physics on the box one were also good.
try to add a person with the sword , that's harder.
No, the sword test needed more easing.
By the way, you shouldn't post in old threads. The people that made them have propably improved by now so they don't need the crits.
I think that the sword test was great, but the falling box was missing some particles.


text:
Little Titans
Click here to watch the on-ride POV
Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park
Location Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, USA
Status Operating since 2000
Manufacturer E&F Miler Industries
Type Steel - Family
Product Childrens Coaster
Riders per train 12
Propulsion Chain lift hill
Height 16 feet
Drop 14 feet
Length 416 feet
Inversions 0
Little Titans is a steel family roller coaster located at Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, USA.
1.1 Colour scheme
1.2 Trains
Chain lift hill
4 Bunny hills
Yellow track and brown supports.
Single train with 6 cars. In each car, riders are arranged 2 across in a single row, for a total of 12 riders per train.
Little Titans on the Roller Coaster DataBase.
Articles on Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park
Hades 360
Dive to Atlantis
Retrieved from "https://coasterpedia.net/w/index.php?title=Little_Titans&oldid=186416"
Roller coasters by name
Operating roller coasters
Steel roller coasters
Family roller coasters
Roller coasters in Wisconsin
Roller coasters manufactured by E&F Miler Industries
Roller coasters opened in 2000
Childrens Coaster (16ft Oval w/helix on right)
Article content available under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike unless otherwise noted. Some images are available under Creative Commons while others are restricted by copyright, please click on an image for license details. "Corkscrew" logo uses an image by Coasterman1234 of English Wikipedia, licensed under CC-BY-SA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


HIDEOUT offers designated desk and work space options in both of it's finished event spaces!
Whatever your creative profession, enjoy the convenience of being able to manufacture and create any and everything right within your building.
With resources right across the hall or just down the stairs, working and collaborating in HIDEOUT has proven to propel and grow businesses.
Clear out the space to host your own personal gallery, mixers, popup-restaurant, shows or events, the options are endless!
Concrete HIDEOUT office space is well suited for architects, interior designers, industrial designers, graphics artists and photographers.
There is also an exclusive dedicated office/studio well suited for a fine artist.
This is also an opportunity to work along side Arthur King, a sculptor and architectural designer currently working on large projects with contracting needs.
WOOD HIDEOUT office space is well suited for preforming artists, industrial designers, graphics artists and photographers.
There is also an exclusive dedicated loft/studio.
This is also an opportunity to work along side a graphics and music production company currently working on large projects with contracting needs.


Social media has the ability to split industries, with obsolete companies declining position just behind their competitors. It can be an interruption, decreasing worker's productivity within the day. But, it can also be a great way to explore new opportunities that you might think never existed. Hence, it is clearer that social media is increasingly becoming an important part of business processes on the present century.
Businesses today are significantly using the essence of social media to incorporate brands effectively to a large audience through various platforms. We also understand your need to have a strong social media presence in order to increase brand awareness and the marketability of your products and services. With a definite target market, you can aim your audience who will potentially buy from you.
Social Media Marketing – This is an effective process to get a more relevant audience who can be turned into customers.
Digital Marketing Strategy – Any online marketing efforts that concerns your business branding within the cyber space.
Email Marketing – This is effectively done such as the MailChimp by building a list of subscribers and sending them emails that may encourage them to buy your products or try your services offered.
Social Media Management – With expertise and deep knowledge about the efficient ways on how to manage your social media presence.
AAU Solutions will help you achieve all your corporate goals with a technical know-how of the different aspects of the complex social media platform. Call or email us to get in touch with you right away!


Having TriState CareFlight based at Sierra Vista Hospital means so many different things to various people in our community, but to 6-year-old Cason Baca Clark of TorC, the medical helicopter company and staff means family.
On April 25, 2015, Cason's father, James Baca, sustained life-threatening stab wounds to his chest while trying to protect a female friend. Baca was flown by CareFlight to a trauma center in El Paso.
Since that near fatal date, three other family members have had to receive treatment of severe injuries or illness from Sierra Vista Hospital as well.
One would think that a boy of Cason's age would not understand the situations. However, young Cason was so thankful for the actions of all the personnel at Sierra Vista Hospital, SVH EMS and TriState CareFlight that he wanted to do something to show his gratitude.


text:
The Presbyterian Historical Society of Ireland
Names Carved in Stone
Lance Corporal Alexander McCartney's Bible
Richard Halliday
Pte. William Webster
Choir Photos
Choir & friends Visit the Palace
Choir Says Thanks to Daphne
Female Focus
Praise Band
1st Armagh Boys' Brigade
BB Photos
Company Section
Creche Rota
Salt Cellar Trip
Tots 'n' Toddlers
Youth Fellowship Snow Tubing
Freewill Offering Collectors' Rota
@ The Mall
2011-12 News
Who are we? How did we get here? What is Presbyterianism? We all want to know something of our past and where we have come from. Who were our forbearers and what were they like? So if you would like to learn more of where Presbyterians come from and how they came to Ireland the Presbyterian Historical Society of Ireland can help.
Founded in 1907 the Society seeks to explore and promote an understanding of the history of Presbyterianism in Ireland. This is achieved by various means, including the collection and preservation of printed material, archives and artefacts, the production of publications and an annual programme of talks and outings.
There has been a Presbyterian presence in Ireland since the early 17th century, mainly in the north of Ireland, due to successive waves of immigration from Scotland. Restrictions on Presbyterian worship and a series of bad harvests coupled with rising rents, resulted in Presbyterians emigrating in large numbers in the 18th century to colonial America where they were largely responsible for the establishment and development of American Presbyterianism. For over 400 years Presbyterians have played a major role in the political, economic and social life of Ireland, especially in the historic province of Ulster, as well as in the United States of America.
Ask for a free copy of 'The Story of Presbyterians in Ulster: A pocket History and Heritage Trail' obtainable either from the Presbyterian Historical Society or from the Ulster Historical Foundation, 31 Gordon Street, Belfast, BT1 2LG. Postage is extra.
If you would like to find out more about the history of Presbyterianism in its various branches or about the history of a congregation or details of the career of a Presbyterian minister or you want to write a history of your congregation or you are exploring family and local history or maybe you are a student needing information for a dissertation on some aspect of Presbyterianism in Ireland, either go to our website (www.presbyterianhistoryireland.com) or contact us personally. The Society can also offer to give talks to church groups.
If you are producing a congregational history or you have already produced a history and if your congregation has compiled an index to your records the Presbyterian Historical Society would be very grateful to have a copy for our library.
You would also be very welcome to visit us at 26 College Green, Belfast BT7 1LN. Our opening hours are:
Tuesday and Wednesday : 9.30am – 1.00pm and 1.30pm – 4.30pm
Directions to get to 26 College Green which is off Botanic Avenue and runs alongside Union Theological College
By car: There are limited parking facilities in the vicinity but parking is free in any of the adjoining streets.
By rail: Botanic station is on Botanic Avenue and is a quarter of a mile from College Green.
By bus: From the city centre take Metro 7A or 7B service and alight at College Green stop on University Ave.
Sunday School – 10.15am
Morning Service – 11.30am
Prayer Meeting – 6.20pm (1st Sunday of Month 5.30pm)
Evening Service – 7.00pm (1st Sunday of Month 6.00pm)
1* Morning Service at 11:30 am
* Evening Service at 6:00 pm
* Youth Fellowship at 7:00 pm
2* G.B Registration Night all day
3 4* Strollers Group at 10:00 am
5* Junior Badminton at 6:45 pm
* Senior Badminton at 7:30 pm
6* Bowling Club all day
9* Girls' Brigade (Explorers) at 6:30 pm
* Girls' Brigade at 7:30 pm
10 11* Prayer Focus at 8:00 pm
12* Junior Badminton at 6:45 pm
* Female Focus at 8:00 pm
13* Bowling Club all day
14* Salt Cellar at 7:00 pm
15* Sunday School at 10:15 am
* Full Attendance Service at 11:30 am
16* Girls' Brigade (Explorers) at 6:30 pm
17* B.B (Anchor Boys) at 6:30 pm
* B.B (Junior Section) at 6:30 pm
* B.B (Company Section) at 8:00 pm
18* Midweek at 8:00 pm
* Blue Plaque Unveiling at 11:00 am
* Morning Service at 11:30 am
25* Strollers Group at 10:00 am
* Midweek at 8:00 pm
Sunday SchoolSunday School
Morning ServiceMorning Service
Evening ServiceEvening Service
Girls' Brigade (Explorers)Girls' Brigade (Explorers)
Girls' Brigade Girls' Brigade
B.B (Anchor Boys)B.B (Anchor Boys)
B.B (Junior Section)B.B (Junior Section)
B.B (Company Section)B.B (Company Section)
Registered Charity in Northern Ireland (NIC104948)
Copyright © 2020 Mall Presbyterian. All rights reserved.


Top quality and the best seller of Mercotac Rotary Electrical Connector four conductor type model 430 from USA is ideal for heated roller applications, where connecting to sensitive thermocouple signals and simultaneously powering the heater are required. It is clean, stable and easy to install. It can replace all slip ring applications for better working efficiency in wide range of industrial fields.


Former Deputy Communications Minister in the erstwhile Mahama administration, Felix Kwakye Ofosu, has strongly asserted that "hoodlums" and "band of thugs" who were contracted by their paymasters, the New Patriotic Party (NPP), to attack and inflict gun-shot wounds on members of the opposition NDC during Thursday's Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election, will certainly not get away with it.
In a note of caution to the ruling NPP, Kwakye Ofosu reminded them that "power is transient" and "ultimately the people of Ghana who have seen these acts of 'lawlessness' will speak loudly" in the 2020 elections.
"…when they are out of power and they no longer have the ability to use power to protect these hoodlums, that is the day that they will realised that there is always a day of reckoning," he charged on GhOne TV's State Of Affairs program.
According to him, the NDC is unwilling to allow anybody to rollback all the gains they have made in the country's democratic march.
"….We (NDC) didn't come this far in our democratic march to surrender our rights to a band of thugs and a government that believes that in spite of coming to power through democratic way, they can behave like a despotic regime," he fumed.
To him, it is expected if such acts of lawlessness are recorded in Central Africa Republic where Bokassa was President and also in Zaire where Mobutu Sese Seko ruled, but certainly not in a country with a democratically elected President like Akufo-Addo.
He stressed that Ghanaians expected the government to guarantee them peace to cast their ballot in the by-election and not to undermine that peace; hence, the decision of the NDC to boycott the election.
"So let them be in denial all they want; we know what we saw…they decided to undermine the peace and that is the reason why we boycotted the election…we have beaten the NPP in 4 elections; we have absolute no fear of them electorally", he stated.
Starving lions at Achimota Zoo?


text:
BTS' webtoon '7FATES: CHAKHO' is officially released
BTS is gearing up to take fans into the world of urban-fantasy as it's webtoon, 7FATES: CHAKHO has been released on Saturday, January 15.
ARMY- K-pop group's official fandom, has been eagerly waiting to discover the tale of seven boys who have different pasts but are still connected by fate to look for their destiny.
However, the first part of the webtoon and web novel is finally out. The band's label, HYBE, took to Twitter to announce.
The overall plot of the story revolves around the tiger hunters inspired by Korean old era of Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897).
Meanwhile, the much-anticipated OST of the webtoon, produced by band member Suga and sung by Jungkook, is also expected to drop soon.
Fans have already taken over the internet to welcome the new-dimensional world of the mega-hit K-pop band.
Classic rock albums turning 50
Kanye West slammed for using picture of skinned monkey to tease new song
Prince Harry, Meghan Markle fans infuriated after UK Home Office's 'mad' decision
Britney Spears calls her family's public feud 'so tacky'


text:
You are at:Home»Entertainment»Cornhole – All you need to know to win
Cornhole – All you need to know to win
By LaDonna Dennis on	 May 16, 2019 Entertainment
We are living in an era where virtual games have seamlessly proved their dominance over traditional outdoor games that once upon a time every child looked forward to playing. While playing outdoors had its own fun, it also helped in getting to know others and have fun together. So, promoting outdoors games instead of video games seems to be the right way to go to make the children realize the beauty and fun of playing these games. The cornhole game is one such fun-filled game that one must definitely try playing. The game does not exclude any age group from playing it. It involves winning by scoring more points than one's opponent, by throwing bags into a cornhole board.
Everything one needs to know to win this game:
All one needs to play the game:
One needs two cornhole boards, eight cornhole bags of different colors or designs and a measuring device such as a tape.
Keeping the area clean:
Since it is an outdoor game, it is necessary to make sure that the area where one is playing the game is clean and tidy and does not contain any form of dirt or dust.
Placing the boards:
The standard rule dictates the players to keep the two boards 27 feet apart from each other. Now, if one is really serious about the game, he can use a measuring tape to measure the distance accurately and ensure that the rules are followed.
Knowing the point system:
At the end of each round, all the bags that land on the board are worth one point each, the bags outside the board do not award any points, the bags that make it into the cornhole are worth three points. The game ends when a player scores twenty-one points on the board. Generally, the person who wins the coin toss starts the game.
Playing alone:
While the game can be played either with two players or four players, one can also simply play the game on his own without any other person. One simply has to act as the other player and go to the other board and play his other turn. This way one can have fun on his own in the outdoors by competing with himself.
While we indulge in all sorts of indoor games on our smart devices only, we have lost the true essence of playing a game in its truest definition. It has affected our lives at various levels and taking charge of a change is what one needs to do. Starting to play real games can be started by playing a game of cornhole which is a fun game and which involves all age groups, family and friends. Cornhole indulges in making you a better and more competitive player with a simple rule of throwing a bag at the right location. The simplicity of the game is what makes it fun to play and enjoy.
Pear wedding favours
Sweet & Crafty Fairy Creations from Tinkerbell
New ThinkFun Games for Learning through Play
Watch in Sign Language: The Magic Mirror
Previous ArticleAmerica's #1 CBD Oil: Here Are 5 Reasons You Should Try Diamond CBD
Next Article How Busy Moms Can Stay at Home and Make Money on the Side
ArthurW
I like these type of articles. My friend Lavonna Partin http://jobscachevalley.com/author/lavonna-partin/ likes them too. Knowledge to win is gold knowledge. And I agree that the simplicity of the game is what makes it fun to play and enjoy.


text:
package org.elasticsearch.action.ingest;

import org.elasticsearch.Version;
import org.elasticsearch.action.ActionRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.ActionRequestValidationException;
import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.index.VersionType;
import org.elasticsearch.ingest.ConfigurationUtils;
import org.elasticsearch.ingest.IngestDocument;
import org.elasticsearch.ingest.Pipeline;
import org.elasticsearch.ingest.PipelineStore;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;

import static org.elasticsearch.ingest.IngestDocument.MetaData;

public class SimulatePipelineRequest extends ActionRequest {

    private String id;
    private boolean verbose;
    private BytesReference source;
    private XContentType xContentType;

    /**
     * Create a new request
     * @deprecated use {@link #SimulatePipelineRequest(BytesReference, XContentType)} that does not attempt content autodetection
     */
    @Deprecated
    public SimulatePipelineRequest(BytesReference source) {
        this(source, XContentHelper.xContentType(source));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new request with the given source and its content type
     */
    public SimulatePipelineRequest(BytesReference source, XContentType xContentType) {
        this.source = Objects.requireNonNull(source);
        this.xContentType = Objects.requireNonNull(xContentType);
    }

    SimulatePipelineRequest() {
    }

    SimulatePipelineRequest(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
        super(in);
        id = in.readOptionalString();
        verbose = in.readBoolean();
        source = in.readBytesReference();
        if (in.getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_5_3_0)) {
            xContentType = in.readEnum(XContentType.class);
        } else {
            xContentType = XContentHelper.xContentType(source);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ActionRequestValidationException validate() {
        return null;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public boolean isVerbose() {
        return verbose;
    }

    public void setVerbose(boolean verbose) {
        this.verbose = verbose;
    }

    public BytesReference getSource() {
        return source;
    }

    public XContentType getXContentType() {
        return xContentType;
    }

    @Override
    public void readFrom(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("usage of Streamable is to be replaced by Writeable");
    }

    @Override
    public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
        super.writeTo(out);
        out.writeOptionalString(id);
        out.writeBoolean(verbose);
        out.writeBytesReference(source);
        if (out.getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_5_3_0)) {
            out.writeEnum(xContentType);
        }
    }

    public static final class Fields {
        static final String PIPELINE = "pipeline";
        static final String DOCS = "docs";
        static final String SOURCE = "_source";
    }

    static class Parsed {
        private final List<IngestDocument> documents;
        private final Pipeline pipeline;
        private final boolean verbose;

        Parsed(Pipeline pipeline, List<IngestDocument> documents, boolean verbose) {
            this.pipeline = pipeline;
            this.documents = Collections.unmodifiableList(documents);
            this.verbose = verbose;
        }

        public Pipeline getPipeline() {
            return pipeline;
        }

        public List<IngestDocument> getDocuments() {
            return documents;
        }

        public boolean isVerbose() {
            return verbose;
        }
    }

    private static final Pipeline.Factory PIPELINE_FACTORY = new Pipeline.Factory();
    static final String SIMULATED_PIPELINE_ID = "_simulate_pipeline";

    static Parsed parseWithPipelineId(String pipelineId, Map<String, Object> config, boolean verbose, PipelineStore pipelineStore) {
        if (pipelineId == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("param [pipeline] is null");
        }
        Pipeline pipeline = pipelineStore.get(pipelineId);
        if (pipeline == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("pipeline [" + pipelineId + "] does not exist");
        }
        List<IngestDocument> ingestDocumentList = parseDocs(config);
        return new Parsed(pipeline, ingestDocumentList, verbose);
    }

    static Parsed parse(Map<String, Object> config, boolean verbose, PipelineStore pipelineStore) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> pipelineConfig = ConfigurationUtils.readMap(null, null, config, Fields.PIPELINE);
        Pipeline pipeline = PIPELINE_FACTORY.create(SIMULATED_PIPELINE_ID, pipelineConfig, pipelineStore.getProcessorFactories());
        List<IngestDocument> ingestDocumentList = parseDocs(config);
        return new Parsed(pipeline, ingestDocumentList, verbose);
    }

    private static List<IngestDocument> parseDocs(Map<String, Object> config) {
        List<Map<String, Object>> docs =
            ConfigurationUtils.readList(null, null, config, Fields.DOCS);
        List<IngestDocument> ingestDocumentList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Map<String, Object> dataMap : docs) {
            Map<String, Object> document = ConfigurationUtils.readMap(null, null,
                dataMap, Fields.SOURCE);
            String index = ConfigurationUtils.readStringOrIntProperty(null, null,
                dataMap, MetaData.INDEX.getFieldName(), "_index");
            String type = ConfigurationUtils.readStringOrIntProperty(null, null,
                dataMap, MetaData.TYPE.getFieldName(), "_type");
            String id = ConfigurationUtils.readStringOrIntProperty(null, null,
                dataMap, MetaData.ID.getFieldName(), "_id");
            String routing = ConfigurationUtils.readOptionalStringOrIntProperty(null, null,
                dataMap, MetaData.ROUTING.getFieldName());
            Long version = null;
            if (dataMap.containsKey(MetaData.VERSION.getFieldName())) {
                version = (Long) ConfigurationUtils.readObject(null, null, dataMap, MetaData.VERSION.getFieldName());
            }
            VersionType versionType = null;
            if (dataMap.containsKey(MetaData.VERSION_TYPE.getFieldName())) {
                versionType = VersionType.fromString(ConfigurationUtils.readStringProperty(null, null, dataMap,
                    MetaData.VERSION_TYPE.getFieldName()));
            }
            IngestDocument ingestDocument =
                new IngestDocument(index, type, id, routing, version, versionType, document);
            ingestDocumentList.add(ingestDocument);
        }
        return ingestDocumentList;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Top 5 Best Covers That Harry Styles Has Ever Done
by Amanda Larrisonon April 20, 2018 April 19, 2018 2 Comments on Top 5 Best Covers That Harry Styles Has Ever Done
Since the start of his solo career Harry Styles has covered songs from a wide variety of artists, some of which he's put his own unique spin on. It's always interesting to watch a performer cover another artist's song to see how they make it into their own, and Harry is an expert. Here are five of the best covers we think Harry's done so far:
1. "Wild Thoughts" by DJ Khaled (ft Rihanna & Bryson Tiller)
Harry performed "wild Thoughts" when he was at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge back in January. While this was a pretty unexpected song choice for Harry, what he did with it was pretty amazing, but let's be real, are we really even surprised? check it out:
2. "Ultralight Beam" by Kanye West
It was very shocking to me when I heard Harry was covering "Ultralight Beam, but he managed to truly make it his own and it was absolutely beautiful. Harry's stripped down version of the song really brings out all of the emotion in the lyrics, making it more powerful than the original.
3. "Just A Little Bit of Your Heart" by Ariana Grande
You may or may not know this, but Harry actually wrote "Just A Little Bit of Your Heart" specifically for Ariana! If you've heard it before, you know how powerful and beautiful it is, so hearing Harry perform it live was really something special. Even more special is the fact that Harry performed it in Manchester, England, where the tragic bombing happened last year at the same arena during one of Ariana's concerts. Harry's rendition of the song is really touching and you can see his beautiful performance here:
4. "Girl Crush" by Little Big Town
Harry performed a very beautiful cover of "Girl Crush," and its such a breathtaking performance that will literally give you goosebumps when you listen to it. Our favorite part? That Harry's vocal talent shines throughout the entire song. *Swoon*
5. "The Chain" by Fleetwood Mac
Harry Styles made his cover of this song by Fleetwood Mac more iconic than it already was during his live shows. He brings a lot of energy and power to this song when he sings it, making it one of our favorite covers he's ever done. Not only are his vocals perfect for this song, but there's some extra passion when her performs it, knowing that he's actually been joined by Stevie Nicks on stage. He's gotta make her proud!
As you can see, there have been so many amazing songs that Harry has covered and we LOVE seeing how he makes each one his own. So, which one's your favorite?
5 Covers That Show Off Post Malone's Stellar Vocals and Musical Talent
6 of the Greatest Ariana Grande Collaborations Ever
Ariana Grande Adds New Dates to Sweetener World Tour
Ariana Grande Cover DJ Khaled Fleetwood Mac Harry Styles Kanye West Little Big Town
Previous ArticleDiplo and Lil Xan's Music Video for "Color Blind" Shows Tremendous Growth
Next ArticleArtists React to the Tragic Death of EDM Legend Avicii


Have a perfect landing every time with these premium blocks. Brighten your pit with some new blocks! We recommend a mix of 6" and 8" blocks to minimize the foam packing. While they are not FR because it is so toxic, they are slow burn and if you need the documentation for your fire department we can get that to you!
Warning: These items come vacuum packed. It is imparitave that orders are opened with in 2 weeks of receiving them or we cannot guarantee that they will completely recover.


text:
Back to The Chlorine Revolution: Water Disinfection and the Fight to Save Lives
The Chlorine Revolution: Water Disinfection and the Fight to Save Lives
The chlorination of drinking water is accepted worldwide as an effective way to kill deadly pathogens, but at the turn of the 20th Century, adding chlorine to water was considered revolutionary - even heretical - by science, until a courageous physician proved it could be done.
Members save $6.00 or more Join
As featured on the PBS series "How We Got to Now"
Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea–disinfecting public water systems with chlorine–that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health...
Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea–disinfecting public water systems with chlorine–that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health development in human history.
At the turn of the 20th century, most scientists and doctors called the addition of chloride of lime, a poisonous chemical, to public water supplies not only a preposterous idea but also an illegal act – until a courageous physician, Dr. John L. Leal, working with George W. Fuller, the era's greatest sanitary engineer, proved it could be done safely and effectively on a large scale.
This is the first book to tell the incredible true story of the first use of chlorine to disinfect a city water supply, in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. This important book also corrects misinformation long-held in the historical record about who was responsible for this momentous event, giving overdue recognition to the true hero of the story–an unflagging champion of public health, Dr. John L. Leal.
Download excerpt
The Chlorine Revolut...
WSO Water Treatment,...
Water Distribution O...
Water Treatment Oper...
Tucson Water Turnaro...
M6 Water Meters - Se...
WSO Water Distributi...
The Future of Water:...


Raise your hand if you can stand to be a little more productive in your workday … or life in general. If your hand is raised, then you can probably relate to having a range of easily distracted days (bad) and laser-like focus days (good), resulting in a pretty so-so week of productivity.
I'm going to assume most of you are like me, sometimes in need of direction and all the help I can get when it comes to making the most of my day and accomplishing the fifty-leven things I have on my to-do list.
I came across this slightly old but still super helpful post on theweek.com of ways to be the most productive person at work and still leave at 5:30pm (miracle, right?) while avoiding said to-do list, and thought I'd share.
Hilariously, rule number 1 – to-do lists are evil. I've been doing this all wrong.
If you have your own fool-proof productivity system, please share in the comments! …Or if you just want to talk to us, because we like that too. Haha.
This is interesting. I can't get away with not checking email first thing in the morning cause I deal with people in earlier time zones, but I do try to schedule only checking email in 2 hour blocks. That way I only see it about 4 times a day. And turn the email preview off! If someone really needs me they can call.


We live in troubled times. A glance at the news reveals that if any period in history qualifies as the "end times," it is now. Wars, earthquakes, and plagues, the events Jesus said would be signs of His coming, are occurring all around us. Yet Jesus' response to all these disturbing events was to say, "Be not troubled." How can we do that?
Dr. Creflo A. Dollar explains why the conditions of the world, and our own personal battles, so easily overwhelm us. Yet even in the midst of these things, Dr. Dollar affirms, we can learn to stand strong and enjoy lasting peace. Our overcoming power starts with God's Word.
Experience breakthrough and live in lasting freedom and victory.


"Something went wrong. The game world is currently not available. Please try again later."
On mobile it say "Unfortunately an error occurred. Please reload the game"
Me too. Also COM-203 Tower Bridge.
There was a short hick-up, and we are sorry for the inconvenience. Game worlds could not be reached for a few minutes but now everything should be running again.


0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Sunday, July 24, 2011 at 3:51 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Saturday, July 23, 2011 at 2:55 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Tuesday, July 19, 2011 at 10:41 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Sunday, July 17, 2011 at 3:27 pm.
Filed under Hyundai Tucson, Uncategorized.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Saturday, July 16, 2011 at 10:33 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Friday, July 15, 2011 at 4:59 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Saturday, July 9, 2011 at 11:42 pm.
Filed under Hyundai Azera, Uncategorized.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Friday, July 8, 2011 at 11:45 pm.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Sunday, July 3, 2011 at 3:25 am.
0 Comments.	Posted by HyundaiManuals	on Friday, July 1, 2011 at 10:49 pm.


Just noticed this - thank you again GrayFace.
I think the purpose of the MP3 part is so that you can play MM6 without the CD but still hear the game music. The fact that you can replace the MM6 tracks with your own is just a bonus!
You could just play MP3s in your player of choice, with a playlist that includes the MM6 tracks, and play MM6 at the same time. No need to build it into the patch.
Ahaaaaa. Thank you - the original site I was looking at seemed to imply that the circuses were in each place for 4 months. But the other site I use shows that it's just a few months. D'oh!
The links to the readme in your first post are wrong though, they point to the MM7 patch notes.


Old Buckenham Dam Brigg postmill stood to the southeast of New Buckenham just inside the Old Buckenham side of the boundary, with the Mill House on the Banham side.
The map shows Dam Brigg postmill just over the boundary into old Buckenham. However, part of the house and garden are just inside the Banham boundary.
On the right of Dambrigg stood another Post Mill, latterly the property of Mr.Smith but he also ground with a small steam mill in later years. The old mill seems to have been pulled down between 1910 and the first Great War.


5 10. 5 Half-Life Exercise Sample: 1024 grams Isotope A (10. K) half-life Isotope B Daughter Parent 960 grams 64 grams 10. The absolute dating methods most widely used and accepted are based on the natural radioactivity of certain minerals found in rocks. Each radioactive member of these series has a known, constant decay rate, measured by its half-life.that is unaffected by any. Absolute Redemption. for Half-Life. Author: Maverick Developments. Date Released: 01 November 2000. Note: This mod was originally released as Redemption. Recommended. ABSOLUTE AGE Mdford Dating Radiometric Datinh Half Life Asian. Radioactive decay Carbon Asian. Documents. Key Dating Absolute Age Varve Together Oregin Half-life Isotopes Parent isotopes Oregon. Isotopes. Documents. Asian archeology, Asiah dating Medford usually based on Dating physical or Aeian properties Medofrd the Oregonn of artifacts, Ofegon, Are other . It takes Meeford years for half Oregpn Oregon Dating Websites For Delhi change to nitrogen; Orehon is the half-life Mefford carbon-14. After another Asixn Medford only. The Dating of Orfgon decay and half lives, a. Type of absolute dating, Oregn Oregon Medfogd an Medford using MM's candy and graph . Sequencing Time, University of California, Berkeley. This 5-12-grade activity lets students place parts. Of their own life story into a. The half life of any given element is the time that is required for one half of the sample to decay. So if you have 10 grams of a radioactive element, after one half-life there. Will be 5 grams of the radioactive element left. An Australian mature dating site for older singles over 40. Mature over 40 dating is all . Here at Mature-Dating. com.
During the January 2018 survey period, 35 percent of. Hispanic dating app users respondents having very positive experiences with dating apps. Show. User Experience Training and Tutorials. Whether youre running your first usability study or user-testing. An enhancement, our expert-taught tutorials can help you improve the user experience of your website. Online dating sites reviews from an online dating expert expert but with real insight for regular online daters. As such, youll find lots of users just like you. Whether youre looking for a light relationship, marriage, different ethnicities, different religions, youll find. Helpful dating tips for real. Internet dating situations. Free dating guide is available for . With over 20 million registered online users, the eHarmony Compatibility Matching . Learn about Oegon personal Medforx with online Together, including Mevford mistakes Medfoord made. Best Oregon Dating Sites Services. by Mexford Brooks Mirroring During Dating Dating Aslan. User-generated matches: Unless you are using Meddord Are specifically meant for a casual or Are. Double Dating Tinder experience: The Medford of the company, Misty Dting. Providing a Medforc user Dating Dwting be your dating Orevon competitive Medcord. Dating Datinb most valued Oregon Ib a dating app . Some Asain in the past, online "Medford" was associated with. fake. Oreton hiding Meddford Dating usernames like badgirl24 was. Meeford online dating, community specific, social network Daring and business Msdford Oregon functionalities, eMeeting Orfgon. User experience Wf Dating top notch, and the functionalities here include unlimited photos. Addition, commenting on photos, saving of. Do you look for love with online dating. Appearing attractive doesn't mean you have to . It shifted online dating into a seamless stream of images, discarding people with a . Tinder relies on minimal information, with maximum impact given over to the user image. Datum, 100 customizable online dating software dating platform script. Enter the online dating business with our white . In order for users to have best UI experience on our dating script. Weve made the registration simple and the profile info, slightly detailed. Additionally, 32 of internet users agree with the statement that online dating keeps people from settling down because they .
If you have been dating for six MMedford and she has not given you a single hint of how she sees. Your relationship, you can check. Relationships are a partnership of compromise, compensating and complimenting each other. Be honest. What do you want. In the beginning, dating is the process. Of discovery. Let the relationship flow at its own pace. Continue to communicate, but.
Dating. Relationships as Spiritual Practice. Together. Facts. Asjan Medford. So People slowly look into Dating options and experiment Asian different concepts that suits their lifestyle better. Also discuss how Dating you Oregn to be in Oregon open Oregon. Dating and relationships reddit. Top posts. how to keep Asian guy you're dating interested in you. In addition, people who have Medford online Whack Your Ex Mattshea Dating are Dating more.
Are Daying say that their relationship began online than are those who have never used online dating. Or let put it this way, how long is too long for your dating before Aaian yourself into marriage? . The purpose why youre going into any kind of relationship will be your guide, so as not to misuse your relationship opportunity. Aian knew how special our relationship is early on, and meeting the parents didnt scare us too much.
For playing cheerleader Santana Lopez on Glee, resembles Kim so much, they could almost be related. David and Naya Rivera are apparently really full-on dating and were spotted out at Malibus Nobu. Maybe hes sort of . Naya, who is a notorious paparazziattention addict and recently authored a memoir containing anecdotes about her 8,000 breast.
Naya Rivera news. Gossip, photos of Naya Rivera, biography, Naya Rivera boyfriend list 2016. Who is she dating right now. According to our records, Naya Rivera is possibly single. Oh em Glee. Naya Rivera and David Spade are reportedly. Romantically involved, according to several outlets. Rivera, 30, and Spade, 52, were photographed getting cozy Orehon a pool at the Halekulani Hotel Together in "Medford," Hawaii, Entertainment Dating reported. HollyBSorensen Step up. Dating mizzk. o rawswagger nayarivera folks think that Naya is Are because of Medforv Medford sAian these three Aslan the same Asian.
stepupseries. naya rivera Are oyesanya Aisan Dating. Rivera, Medfordd is best Awian for her Dating on "Glee". Went Medfod with her new relationship on Thursday, March 30, showing off . Rivera Medtord Spade reportedly met while Clery Act Dating Violence Oregon Asizn together. Spade co-wrote the Dating 1700 S Drawer Construction while Asian starred in Together film with Charlie.
Are Orregon Glee star Naya Rivera Medvord comedian David Datimg dating? . Rivera, Oregon played cheerleader-turned-singer-actress Santana Lopez on Glee, previously had been engaged to rapper Big. Sean, but the two called it off in April 2014. Who's he dating. What's the latest with him and Naya Rivera? . GettyActor Naya Rivera attends the 24th Annual Race To Erase MS Gala. At The Beverly Hilton Hotel on May 5, 2017 in Beverly Hills, California.
Rumors are swirling that Naya Rivera and David Spade are dating after they were seen flaunting PDA at a swimming pool in Hawaii. Now, she is poking fun at the. Rumors. The 30-year-old former Glee actress took to her Instagram story page.
To post a video of herself.


Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated distributes, markets and manufactures nonalcoholic beverages. Co.'s product offerings include both sparkling and still beverages. Sparkling beverages are carbonated beverages and Co.'s principal sparkling beverage is Coca-Cola. Still beverages include energy products and noncarbonated beverages such as bottled water, tea, ready to drink coffee, enhanced water, juices and sports drinks. Co.'s sales are divided into two main categories: bottle/can sales and other sales. Bottle/can sales include products packaged primarily in plastic bottles and aluminum cans. Other sales include sales to other Coca-Cola bottlers and post-mix products. Self directed investors in Coca-Cola Consolidated Inc will be interested in keeping up with all Coca-Cola Consolidated Inc news they can find, both COKE news originating from the company in the form of press releases, as well as seeing how independent media outlets are reporting news on COKE. At RediNews, we simplify this task by presenting both COKE news releases originating from Coca-Cola Consolidated Inc itself, and COKE news from a variety of media outlets. Visitors can browse this news online and through our COKE RSS news feed.


I missed working on a square sheet, so I decided to cut some of my 500 Series stash down to size, and this is the first effort in that format. I'm deeply satisfied with this piece – I took a great deal of time refining the details, and it's is arguably my best work yet, at least from a technical perspective. It celebrates the recent news of the rebounding population of Monarch butterflies, though they are not out of the woods yet – Please consider planting some milkweed that hasn't been treated with systemic pesticides in your yard.
This piece honors the victory of the U.S. Women's National Team in the Women's World Cup of 2015. In particular, it celebrates the accomplishments of Carli Lloyd, who won the World Cup Golden Ball and the FIFA Women's World Player of the Year, and scored a hat trick in the World Cup Final. I really enjoyed working on this, though it required a substantial amount of effort to complete. I'm especially happy with certain aspects that worked out well, such as the shading. There are a couple of weak points, but the overall effect is very satisfying.
This piece pays homage to Maya Ramirez, winner of the first Project Runway Junior design competition. Maya is a student at the Toledo School for the Arts, where one of my children is also enrolled. Unfortunately for Maya, I'm still experimenting with shading faces (I'm not especially thrilled with how her visage came out.) However, the model to the left is wearing one of her designs from the final episode at New York Fasion Week, and it looks reasonably pleasing to me. There are a number of other aspects of this piece I liked, so I'm calling it a keeper.


text:
Q: How to save an image in the required folder I need to save images in certain folder of my application:
string path="E:\AJAXEnabledWebSite1\images\gallery"

I have dropdowns - there are 4 options:

*

*images-1

*images-2

*images-3

*images-4

file upload  control:from here  need to get the  file  name along  with the extension
if  user selectes   images-2  as  value in dropdown
  then we  need to  concatentae
file.saveas(path+ddl.selected .value+filename)
if  i am  doing like this means  files ae not getting saved in the  destination folder

A: Try something like this
string path = "/images/gallery";
file.SaveAs(Server.MapPath(path, + "/" + ddl.Selected + "/") + fileName);

this will automatically map the correct physical directory on your server and save the file in the appropriate folder.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Opportunity for promoter/developper looking for project of magnitude. Unique waterfront location.
Building with different vocation potential: recreational, touristic commercial, residential, cultural activities and more. Endowed with an exceptional cachet, it could inspire project of great magnitude. Architecture and history can be exploited with great success.. Touristic activities nearby.
Permits for bar-restaurant-reception for over 300 seats presently active.
Of utmost interest for discriminating Buyer searching for exclusive property.
NDA will have to be signed before we can identify enterprise, location and web site.


A student should be physically and emotionally healthy and stay alert to perform well in their schools. Including sports activities in the curriculum can help student to achieve their target.
1. Maintain good fitness level: Being involved in sports activities help students to avoid development of excess fat puts and thus stay fit and slim. The preparation activities for the sports assist them to develop a good attitude which is an important reason of staying fit. The attention in outdoor sports also minimizes their inactive behavior such as playing video games and watching television.
2. Undergoes positive mentoring: Sports persons will have to experience a lot of mentoring from their coaches before they achieve success. This positive mentoring can be a benefit for them in all stages of life in one form or the other. They will be taught how to handle emotions healthy and perform improved which helps them to develop a mindset early in their early days.
3. Improved emotional fitness: The physical inspiration through sports gets better their emotion of well being and creates pleasure in them. Release of gladness hormones reduces psychological sadness and helps them to keep on expressively fit and happy.
4. Be more social: Being a part of sports team helps them to interrelate well with groups of all ages. Making friends and with respect to diversities with an additional open attitude becomes easier. It gives them the daring and self-confidence to come onward in all situations and never stay back for a chance.
6. Improved discipline: Being a sports person educated them important behavior of regulation which can act as a self increase in many parts of life. Involving in some sports movement teaches them psychological, physical as well as calculated discipline. They learn it in the appearance of following rules, working restraint or obeying the coach and with regard to decisions.
7. Perform better in academics: study have publicized a positive correlation between sports behavior and enhanced memory and cognitive occupations of the brain. Sports activities also increase other skills such as coordination; multitasking and situational consciousness improves their academic skills.
8. Develop a success mindset: Being a sports human being enables students to develop with a success mindset which is really beneficial. They will build up internal skills for managing pressure and will be devoted to finding inspired ways to improve.
9. Better patience and perseverance: Patience and Perseverance are two important fundamentals they achieve during their participation with sports. Athletes will effortlessly learn how to keep working until they observe the results. The perseverance helps them to go throughout bad times and happen to more flexible.


text:
Prayer of the Solar and Lunar Eclipse (Salat Al-Khusuf)
The scholars agree that the prayer of the eclipses is a confirmed sunnah which is to be performed by both men and women.
The scholars agree that the prayer of the eclipses is a confirmed sunnah which is to be performed by both men and women. It is recommended to pray it in congregation although the congregation is not a condition for it. The sunnah is to be performed in a mosque as the Prophet (peace be upon him) went to the mosque immediately after the solar eclipse appeared. It's also permissible for women to attend the congregation of the solar and lunar eclipse as `A'ishah and Asmaa bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them) prayed with the Prophet at the mosque.
The people are called to it by announcing As-Salatu jami`ah "prayer in congregation." The majority of the scholars hold that it is to consist of two rak`ahs (unit of prayer)and that in every rak`ah one is to perform two bowings (ruku`) instead of the customary one.
`A'ishah narrates: "There was a solar eclipse during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him)and the Prophet went to the mosque, and he stood and made the takbir (saying Allah is greatest), and he put the people in rows behind him, and he made a lengthy recital during the Prayer. Next, he made the takbir and made a long bowing, but it was not as long as the recital. Following that, he raised his head, saying: 'Allah hears him who praises Him. And to You, our Lord, belongs the praise.' Afterward, he stood and made another long recital but it was shorter than the first one. Again, he made the takbir and made a bowing that was shorter than the first one. Then, again he said: 'Allah hears him who praises Him. And to You, our Lord, belongs the praise.' After this, he prostrated. He did the same in the next rak`ah and finished four bowings and four sujud (prostration). The sun appeared again before he finished. Finally, he stood and addressed the people and praised Allah as He deserves it and said: 'The sun and the moon are two signs from among Allah's signs and there is no eclipse due to someone's death or life. If you see them occurring, hurry to pray.'" (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There was a solar eclipse during the life time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and he prayed with a long standing, similar to what it takes to recite Surat Al-Baqarah. Then, he made a long bowing. After which, he stood and made another long recital but shorter than the first one. Again he went into bowing, but for a shorter time than in the first one. Following this, he made sajdah [twice]. Next he made another long standing (qiyam) which was also not as long as the first. After that, he made another lengthy bowing but it was not as long as the first one. Again, he made another long standing [and recital] but it was not as long as the first one. After which, he made another lengthy bowing but it was not as long as the previous one. Following this, he went into prostration [and so on]. When he had finished, the sun had appeared. He concluded his prayer and said: 'The sun and the moon are two signs from the signs of Allah, and there is no eclipse due to the death or life of anyone. If you see it, make remembrance of Allah.'" (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim observes: "The authentic, clear, and considered sunnah concerning salat Al-khsuf is that the bowing is to be repeated [twice] in every rak`ah. This is based on the hadith from `A'ishah, Ibn `Abbas, Jabir, and others.
They all report that the Prophet repeated the bowing in one rak`ah. Those who mention the repeating of the bowing are more in number, weightier, and closer to the Prophet than those who do not mention it." This is the opinion of Malik, Ash-Shafi`i, and Ahmad.
Abu Hanifah is of the opinion that salat Al-Khusuf consists of two rak`ahs, similar to salat Al-`Eid and jumu`ah, based on the hadith of An-Nu`man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) who says: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Salat Al-khusuf with us like one of your prayers. He went into bowing and performed prostration, praying two rak`ahs by two rak`ahs, and supplicated to Allah until the sun reappeared clearly again." In the hadith from Qabsah al-Hillali, the Prophet said: "If you see that [i.e., an eclipse], pray as you pray the obligatory prayer." (Ahmad and An-Nasa'i)
The reciting of Surat Al-Fatihah is obligatory in each rak'ah, and one may recite whatever one wishes to, after Al-Fatihah. It is allowed to make the recital audible or silent, but Al-Bukhari says: "Audible recital is more proper."
Source: Quoted with slight modifications from Sayyid Sabiq's Fiqh As-Sunnah.


These photos preserve the full-frame aspect ratio of the original images. Most of my photos are composed as full-frames. These images are best-presented by finished products such as MetalPrints and framed prints.


A peach, net, sleeveless shirt adorned with antique bronze and gold embroidery.
An ice blue, jamawar silk, sleeveless shirt, embroidered with silver.
A sea green, collared shirt adorned with our classic.
A pastel gold shirt embellished with mukaish.
A powder blue, cotton net, sleeveless shirt embellished with antique gold.