Amenities: There is a tennis court for the residents use, and the 24-hour guard gate.
Schools: Children who reside on Linda Isle in Newport Beach attend Lincoln Elementary located at 3101 Pacific View Drive in Corona del Mar. The middle school and high school in Corona del Mar High School from 7th to 12th and located at 2101 Eastbluff Drive, Newport Beach.
Linda Isle is a 24 hour, guard gated Newport Beach community. Linda Isle has 106 beautiful custom bay front homes.


Great 2 bedroom, 2 bath first floor condo with outside storage area and attached carport, in the desirable 55+ community of Beacon Lakes. Enter into a spacious dining and living area with lots of natural light and plenty of room for entertaining family and friends. Large kitchen with loads of cabinets also offers sliders leading to outdoor covered patio area, perfect for grilling or enjoying your morning coffee or intimate dinner.Split bedroom plan for privacy. Master bedroom with en suite bathroom, a walk in closet, is located in the rear of the home and is large enough for a king size bed and more. Relax in the additional enclosed Florida room, located in the rear of the home with no rear neighbors just lush green scenery and an extra pavered spot to grill. Enjoy and active lifestyle in this deed restricted maintenance free community which includes recreation complex with clubhouse, game room, community pool& spa overlooking the lake, fitness center, library, gazebo, shuffleboard, picnic tables and BBQ's. Many activities offered daily. Conveniently located near churches, restaurants, beaches,medical facilities & shopping.
US HWY 19 TO OLD BAILYS BLUFF, TURN RIGHT AT BEACON LAKES SIGN, LEFT ON LIGHTHOUSE, LEFT ON PENRICK AND LEFT ON PELORUS.


On Thursday, Feb. 21, at 3:00 p.m. the Library will host a Scholarship@Villanova event featuring Ronald Hill, PhD, Richard J. and Barbara Naclerio Chair and professor of marketing and business law in the Villanova School of Business. Dr. Hill's lecture, "A Manifesto on Marketing as Exchange," will address contemporary trends in the discipline and practice of marketing and also their relationship to human value.
Dr. Hill's research, which will be presented Thursday as part of his lecture, led to his selection for last year's prestigious Outstanding Faculty Research Award. His approach begins with several criticisms of marketing as a discipline, including its recent theoretical tendency to "disregard of the vast majority of consumers in favor of a narrow, affluent socioeconomic subset." Over the years Dr. Hill has developed a broad and eclectic body of research, and his work on the intersection between marketing and society can be found in illustrious publications like Harvard Business Review and Human Rights Quarterly.
Scholarship@Villanova events are dedicated to recognition of bold scholarly publications, exciting ongoing research, and other intellectual contributions of faculty members from all four of Villanova University's colleges. Dr. Hill's talk represents the second spring–semester lecture in this series. In the tradition of past Scholarship@Villanova lectures, this event is free and open to the public, and will be held at the Speakers' Corner on the first floor of the Library.


In the digital era, how do libraries continue to be relevant community resources?
Even though the Sharing Economy model resembles a traditional library borrowing model, libraries are extending their services to borrow everything — from seeds and kitchen appliances to music instruments, crafting tools, sewing machines and opening Repair Cafes.
Join us for the webinar on March 8 at 11:00 am EST (5:00 pm CET) with Loida Garcia-Febo and George Needham!


Assessments supply the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, professionalism and insight that are critical for employee screening. Assessments evaluate and objectively report crucial characteristics that cannot be easily measured by interviews or other means. This paper outlines seven reasons why you should include assessment as a core element of your selection process.


We try to organise and host fundraiser events as often as we could, however, many of our activities are still funded by donation. If you want to support us financially, you could donate through Paypal and we also have a Korean bank account you can donate to.
We are always looking for informational (LGBTQIA-related) articles or other types of writings to display on our website and to share in our Facebook group to provide people useful knowledge and to help people share their experiences. You can either submit an already-written piece or submit a proposal to us at heezy.yang@gmail.com.


text:
Political party in Canada
Progressive Party of Canada
Parti progressiste du Canada
Former federal party
United Farmers of Alberta,
Liberal-Progressives,
Agrarianism[1]
Political position
Politics of Canada
The Progressive Party of Canada was a federal-level political party in Canada in the 1920s until 1930. It was linked with the provincial United Farmers parties in several provinces, and it spawned the Progressive Party of Saskatchewan, and the Progressive Party of Manitoba, which formed the government of that province. The Progressive Party was part of the farmers' political movement that included federal and provincial Progressive and United Farmers' parties.
The United Farmers movement in Canada rose to prominence after World War I. With the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. The United Farmers movement was tied to the federal Progressive Party of Canada and formed provincial governments in Ontario, Alberta and Manitoba. It rejected the National Policy of the Conservatives, and felt that the Liberals were not strong enough proponents of free trade and were too strongly tied to business interests. Generally, farmers groups formed alliances with Labour and socialist groups though, in power, they became closer to the Liberals causing ruptures in several provinces between United Farmer governments and their organizations.
The origins of the Progressive Party can be traced to the politics of compromise under Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier. The most important issue to farmers in western Canada at the time was free trade with the United States. The National Policy implemented by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald in the 1890s forced farmers to pay higher prices for equipment and to sell their produce for less. After World War I, however, neither of the major political parties supported free trade.
At the turn of the century voters in Western Canada began to consider an influx of radical political ideas. From the United States came Progressivism and the Non-Partisan League. From Britain, the new immigrants brought Fabian socialism. This mix of ideology and discontent led to discussion of forming an independent party, especially in the "Grain Growers' Guide", a magazine of the day. The first organizations of agricultural protest were farmers' organizations: Manitoba Grain Growers' Association, Alberta Farmers' Association, and the United Farmers of Alberta. The first big activity was the farmers' march on Ottawa in 1911.
After World War I, farmers' organizations across Canada became more politically active and entered electoral politics on the provincial level. The United Farmers of Ontario ran in the 1919 provincial election and, surprisingly, won. The emergence of the UFO exemplified the scope of farmer politics. It was not just western opposition to the tariff and eastern economic power, It was an occupational or class movement with a realistic chance at federal political influence.[2] Over 1919 and 1920 several federal by-elections were won by "United Farmers" candidates.
In June 1919, Thomas Crerar, Minister of Agriculture in the Unionist government of Robert Borden, quit the Borden cabinet because Minister of Finance Thomas White introduced a budget that failed to sufficiently reduce the tariff. Saskatchewan farmer leader and independent MP John Archibald Maharg withdrew his support from the government and joined Crerar, as did eight other Unionist MPs from the west. This loosely-organized caucus proved to be the beginnings of the Progressive Party.
Owing to the movement's outgrowth from a variety of provincial farmers' organizations, agrarian leaders were divided on an appropriate federal political strategy. Henry Wise Wood, president of the United Farmers of Alberta, opposed turning the farmers' political movement into a formal Third Party. His political experience in the U.S., rooted in observation of the Populists of the 1890s, led him to believe that the social friction caused by such a third party would lead to the destruction, through splintering of the farmers movements in general. Wood argued the Canadian farmers' movement should remain a grassroots democratic organization, or "economic solidarity group". Philosophically, he advocated for cooperative democracy against the autocratic and corrupting tendencies of competitive party politics. Wood's theory of group government was considered revolutionary at the time, with critics accusing his collectivism as introducing "Sovietism" to Westminster responsible government.[3]
The struggle between Wood's "group government" faction, and agrarian leaders including Crerar who advocated a more traditional party-centric approach to federal politics, troubled the party throughout its existence. In their first formal caucus meeting on March 3, 1920, Crerar and eleven allied MPs established the Progressive Party of Canada with Crerar as its first leader.[4] Nevertheless, Crerar was unable to secure support among members of the Canadian Council of Agriculture for the establishment of significant party structure; thus, the party had no formal national organization, with the Canadian Council of Agriculture itself providing a minimal degree of structure.[5] Crerar formally served as parliamentary leader of the Progressives until the provincial organizations accepted his endorsement as national leader by the Canadian Council of Agriculture in 1921.[6]
The new party won 58 of the 235 seats in the 1921 general election, despite the lack of national party structure. Owing to the anti-party character of the Progressives, individual candidates' campaigns were strictly independent of the national organization, and no financial, organizational, or strategic support was provided under a policy of "constituency autonomy".[5] Support for reforming the National Policy was a common denominator, but even this was not universal within the party. Given the autonomy of individual members and lack of formal party organization, some argue that the Progressives are better termed a "movement" rather than a party.
Elected to office
The Progressive Party is commonly perceived as a western protest party, but in fact more Progressive MPs were elected in Ontario (with a sitting provincial farmers' government) than in Alberta in the 1921 election. The party had strong support among western voters, although they were few when compared to the number of seats in Ontario. All the MPs from Alberta were either United Farmers of Alberta candidates who were allied to the Progressives (and included in the totals recorded above) or Labour – no Conservatives or Liberals were elected in that province that election. Ten UFA MPs were elected, the other two seats in the province were taken by Labour candidates. Alberta had elected a UFA government prior to the 1921 federal election.[7]
The Progressives won 24 of the 81 seats in Commons from Ontario; however, the party viewed this as a disappointing result. Despite finishing second in seat count, there were not enough Progressive and farmer MPs to safely secure the balance of power against the narrow Liberal minority government.[8] The Progressives received significant support in the Maritime provinces, but obtained only one seat in New Brunswick. It also got five seats in British Columbia. In addition to their power in Ontario, Manitoba and Alberta, farmers' parties were significant presences in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but this failed to translate into seats in the House of Commons.[9]
The Progressives were divided over what to do following the 1921 election. A significant group of ex-Liberals, including Crerar, supported forming a coalition government with the Liberals. This was resisted by Montreal interests in the Liberal Party and by radical Progressives, including the UFA MPs. These followers of Wood wished to remain a decentralized party with each individual member simply representing his constituents, supporting the Liberal government in what it did in their mind right and opposing it in what it did wrong. The two groups agreed to refuse the position of Official Opposition, normally accorded to the party with the second-largest number of seats, and this was passed on to the third-largest party, the Conservative Party.
Crerar attempted to introduce certain attributes of a standard party to the Progressives, including Parliamentary Whips and a national party organization. These efforts were resisted, however, and in 1922, Crerar resigned as leader. He was replaced by Robert Forke, another ex-Liberal who agreed with Crerar on most issues. The Progressives proved unsuccessful in Parliament and lost much of their moderate support in eastern Canada. While in the 1921 election Crerar had toured across the country, Forke abandoned everything east of Manitoba.
As well, the UFA MPs, other farmer MPs and the three Labour MPs in the House of Commons (J. S. Woodsworth, William Irvine and Joseph Shaw) joined together in the Ginger Group, breaking from Forke's leadership.
In the 1925 election, the Progressives lost almost all of their Ontario members, but were still moderately successful in the west, holding many of their seats in Alberta.
This left the party dominated by the radical United Farmers of Alberta MPs. Forke resigned as Progressive house leader on June 30, 1926, one day after Mackenzie King resigned as Prime Minister. Forke and most of the Manitoba Progressives made a deal with the Liberal Party and ran as Liberal-Progressives in the 1926 election prompted by the fall of the interim Conservative government of Arthur Meighen. The Liberals formed a stable minority government following the 1926 election with the support of the seven elected Liberal-Progressive MPs. Forke entered the Mackenzie King cabinet as Minister of Immigration and Colonization.
The Alberta UFA MPs dropped the Progressive label. Identifying themselves as parliamentary representatives of the United Farmers of Alberta, 11 UFA MPs were elected in the 1926 election and nine in 1930 – most of whom were members of the radical Ginger Group faction of left wing Progressive, Labour and United Farmer MPs. Most sitting UFA MPs joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party, and all the UFA MPs were defeated at the polls in the election of 1935 by the Social Credit Party of Canada political landslide.
In addition to Alberta electing nine UFA MPs in 1930, three MPs were elected as Progressives in the 1930 election, Milton Neil Campbell and Archibald M. Carmichael of Saskatchewan and Agnes Macphail of Ontario (who was known as a proponent of the United Farmers of Ontario). Macphail successfully ran for re-election as a United Farmers of Ontario–Labour candidate in the 1935 election but was defeated running under the same banner in 1940.
After the collapse of the party, most Progressive voters returned to the Liberal Party. The Liberals had always viewed the Progressives as simply "Liberals in a hurry", and for a large group of the party's supporters, this was true. The most important example of this return to the Liberals is T. A. Crerar, who served with the Liberals for decades, first as a cabinet minister and then as a Senator.
The more radical of the progressives split two ways. The Ginger Group was a faction formed in 1924 by radical Progressives and were later joined by several Labour and independent MPs. They would eventually form the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (the forerunner of the modern New Democratic Party).
Others, especially the radical populists, would later turn towards Social Credit ideology, forming a definite line of western protest that continued to run through the Reform Party of Canada to the present day Conservative Party of Canada. The CCF and Social Credit had their roots in the United Farmers movement, from which a large number of MLAs were elected in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Manitoba, and which formed governments in Alberta, Ontario and Manitoba. In Manitoba, the United Farmers of Manitoba changed their name to the Progressive Party of Manitoba after coming to power in 1922.
The Conservative Party received the least of the Progressive's spoils, inheriting little more than the name, in 1942. Its first leader after amalgamation was John Bracken, who was then serving as the Progressive Premier of Manitoba.
More important than these effects on individual parties, the Progressive Party also had a great effect on Canada's governmental system — it was the most successful early example of a third party in Canada. Despite Duverger's law of political science, the Canadian Parliament has always had a third, and sometimes a fourth or even fifth, party present ever since (although no third or fourth party had ever formed a national government in Canada until the Liberal Party rose from third place following the 2011 election to government in 2015.) The Progressives thus served both as a model and a cautionary tale for those that followed after.
Party leaders
Thomas Crerar 1920–1922
Robert Forke 1922–1926
Party leader
No. of candidates nominated
No. of seats won
No. of total votes
No. of popular vote
Thomas Crerar 137 58 658,976 21.09%
Robert Forke 68 22 266,319 8.45%
28 11 128,060 3.93%
15 3 70,822 1.82%
Does not include MPs elected as United Farmers, Labour, Independent, Independent Progressive or other designations who may have been part of the Progressive Party caucus. (see United Farmers of Alberta)
Progressive MP Agnes Macphail was re-elected in the 1935 federal election as a United Farmers of Ontario–Labour candidate but was defeated running under the same banner in the 1940 federal election.[10]
Combined Progressive/United Farmer/Labour results
Popular vote
1917 Elected % Change # % pp Change
Progressive T. A. Crerar 137 * 58 * 658,976 21.09% *
Labour J. S. Woodsworth 28 - 3 85,388 2.73% +0.90
United Farmers of Alberta 2 * 2 * 22,251 0.71% *
United Farmers of Ontario 1 * 1 * 3,919 0.13% *
Independent Progressive 1 * 1 * 3,309 0.115% *
Socialist 1 * - * 3,094 0.10% *
Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- History of Federal Ridings since 1867
Progressive Robert Forke 68 58 22 −62.1% 266,319 8.45% −12.65
Labour J. S. Woodsworth 20 3 2 −33.3% 56,987 1.81% −0.93
United Farmers of Alberta 2 2 2 - 8,053 0.26% −0.46
Labour-Farmer 2 * - * 4,774 0.15% *
Independent Labour 1 * - * 2,901 0.09% *
Socialist 1 - - - 1,888 0.06% −0.04
Independent Progressive 1 1 - −100% 1,768 0.06% −0.05
Farmer 1 * - * 1,130 0.04% *
Farmer Labour 1 * - * 762 0.02% *
United Farmers of Ontario - 1** - -
* not applicable – the party was not recognized in the previous election
**Robert Henry Halbert was elected as UFO in 1921, ran for re-election as a Progressive in 1925 but was defeated.
Progressive 28 22 11 −50.0% 128,060 3.93% −4.52
United Farmers of Alberta 12 2 11 +450% 60,740 1.87% +1.61
Labour 18 2 4 +100% 55,661 1.71% −0.10
Labour-Farmer 1 - - - 1,441 0.04% −0.11
Socialist 1 - - - 672 0.02% −0.04
x – less than 0.005% of the popular vote
United Farmers of Alberta 10 11 9 −18.2% 56,968 1.46% −0.55
Progressive 15 11 3 −72.7% 70,822 1.82% −2.41
Labour J. S. Woodsworth 8 4 2 −50.0% 26,548 0.68% −0.95
Independent Labour 2 * 1 * 15,988 0.41% *
Farmer 5 * - * 11,999 0.31% *
Labour-Farmer 2 - - - 3,276 0.08% +0.04
Farmer-Labour 1 * - * 2,091 0.05% *
Independent Progressive 1 * - * 1,294 0.03% *
United Farmers of Ontario - 1** * *
* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.
** Beniah Bowman was elected as a UFO MP in 1926 and ran for re-election as a Liberal in 1930 and was defeated.
United Farmers of Ontario–Labour 1 - 1** 7,210 0.39% +0.16
Labour 5 2*** - −100% 14,423 0.33% −0.35
Socialist 1 * - * 251 0.01% *
Independent Labour 1 1*** - - 221 0.01% −0.41
United Farmers of Alberta - 9**** - -
Progressive - 3***** - -
** Progressive MP Agnes Macphail ran for re-election as a UFO-Labour candidate in 1930 and was successful.
*** The three Labour and Independent Labour MPs, J. S. Woodsworth, Abraham Albert Heaps and Angus MacInnis successfully ran for re-election as Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates. A fourth Labour MP, Humphrey Mitchell, who entered parliament in a 1931 by-election refused to join the CCF and ran for re-election as a Labour candidate but was defeated. He later joined the Liberals.
**** Of the 9 United Farmers of Alberta MPs, 8 ran for re-election as CCFers and were defeated, the ninth ran as a Conservative and was also defeated.
***** Of the 3 Progressive MPs elected in 1930, one, Agnes Macphail, ran in 1935 as a UFO-Labour candidate and was re-elected, a second, Milton Neil Campbell, resigned in 1933 to become vice-chairman of the Tariff Board of Canada and was succeeded in a by-election by a Liberal, and the third, Archibald M. Carmichael, did not seek re-election in 1935
The study of the Progressive Party is almost wholly dominated by one author, W. L. Morton, whose 1950 book, The Progressive Party in Canada, won a Governor General's Award, and had been the principal text on the Progressive Party ever since. A great number of more recently published works on western politics cite only Morton's book in their discussion of the Progressive Party. Morton, a Red Tory, wrote in the context of a seemingly spreading Social Credit movement. Morton's book was the first in a series exploring the origins of the Social Credit movement.
Provincial parties
Though not part of the United Farmers movement, or indeed a movement of farmers at all, the Fisherman's Protective Union of Newfoundland provides an interesting case that parallels that of the United Farmers. However Newfoundland was not part of Canada until 1949.
The United Farmers of Nova Scotia was formed in January 1920 at meetings that followed the annual convention of the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association. At an April meeting, 300 farmers approved the UFNA's constitution and the publication of a newspaper, United Farmer's Guide. The movement nominated 16 candidates and elected 7 in the 1920 general election. Aligning with the Independent Labour Party they formed the official opposition with 11 MLAs (elected with a 30.9% of the popular vote).[11] Daniel G. McKenzie, a successful farmer and former school-teacher from Malagash, was appointed party and opposition leader.[12]
The party began to lose its momentum in the fall when one of its founders, Major Hugh Dickson, was defeated in the Colchester by-election. In 1921, Nova Scotia Liberal Party Premier George Henry Murray discredited the party in the eyes of the public when he offered to divide the government's budget surplus among members of the legislature. All but one United Farmer MLA accepted Murray's largesse. Later that session another scandal rocked the party when it was revealed that MacKenzie had secretly accepted a government salary of $500. A series of defections followed and by 1925 the United Farmers of Nova Scotia had virtually ceased to exist.[12]
The 1920 provincial election elected 9 United Farmers and 2 Farmer-Labour MLAs who sat together and allowed the incumbent Liberals to maintain confidence in a minority government situation. None of them were re-elected in the 1925 election and no other UF candidates were elected at subsequent elections.
Main article: United Farmers of Ontario
In Ontario, the United Farmers of Ontario formed government as a result of the 1919 provincial election with E. C. Drury as Premier. After the government's defeat in 1923 and the formal decision of the UFO to withdraw from electoral politics, most remaining UFO Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) took to calling themselves "Progressives". In the 1934 provincial election the remaining Progressive MLAs under Harry Nixon ran as Liberal-Progressives in an alliance with the Ontario Liberal Party led by former UFO member Mitch Hepburn. The Liberal-Progressives subsequently joined the Liberal Party.
Main article: Progressive Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Party of Manitoba had merged with the Manitoba Liberal Party in the 1920s to form a Liberal-Progressive party there. Despite this, in 1942, Manitoba Premier John Bracken, a Progressive, was persuaded to become the leader of the national Conservative Party. As a condition of his accepting the leadership, the party's name was changed to Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The Progressive Party of Canada, however, refused to disband, and ran its own candidates in the subsequent federal election against Bracken's Tories. The party's electoral fortunes continued to decline, and most Progressives ended up joining either the Liberal Party or the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), rather than the renamed Progressive Conservatives.
Main article: Progressive Party of Saskatchewan
The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan ran seven candidates and elected six members to the Saskatchewan legislature in the 1921 general election despite the absence of a provincial organization due to the reluctance of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association to break with the Saskatchewan Liberal Party. The Liberals had a tradition of consulting the SGGA about farm policy and of appointing prominent farm activists to cabinet such as Charles Dunning and John Maharg. A political crisis ensued the Liberal government in late 1921 in which Premier William Melville Martin angered the SGGA by campaigning for the federal Liberal Party of Canada against the Progressive Party of Canada in the 1921 federal election. Agriculture Minister Maharg, a former SGGA president, resigned from the Cabinet in protest and crossed the floor to sit as an Independent and become Leader of the Opposition. Martin himself was forced to step down and the federal Progressives won 15 of 16 Saskatchewan seats in the federal election. The SGGA subsequently authorized the creation of local political action committees across the province but were unable to build on the 1921 federal breakthrough and only ran 6 of a possible 63 candidates in the next two provincial elections. In the 1925 provincial election the Progressives again won six seats and formed the official opposition. They were reduced to third party status and five seats in the 1929 provincial election with the Liberals reduced to minority government status due to a strong showing by a revived Conservative Party of Saskatchewan. The Progressives joined with the Conservatives to force the Liberals from office on September 6, 1929 and formed a coalition government allowing the Conservatives leader James T. M. Anderson to take power as premier; one Progressive, Reginald Stipe, was appointed to Anderson's cabinet as minister without portfolio. By the next election the Progressives had disappeared.[13]
While the Progressives moved to the right, more radical farmers gravitated to the United Farmers of Canada (Saskatchewan Section) which was formed in 1926 by members of the Farmers' Union of Canada and the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association. As a result of the Dust Bowl farm crisis during the Great Depression the UFC (SS) became politicised and adopted a socialist platform. In 1930, in response to the Progressive-Conservative coalition, the UFC (SS) under the leadership of George Hara Williams decided to form a new political party. In 1932 it joined with the Independent Labour Party in the province to form the Farmer-Labour Group. Progressive MLA Jacob Benson joined the new party to become its first MLA. In the 1934 provincial election, the FLG returned five MLAs to the legislature and subsequently became the Saskatchewan section of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation.
Main article: United Farmers of Alberta
The United Farmers of Alberta formed was the governing party in Alberta from 1921 until its defeat in 1935. It also elected a number of MPs to the House of Commons of Canada who sat initially as Progressive Party MPs but were re-elected as UFA MPs beginning in 1926 due to a split in the Progressive movement.
List of Progressive/United Farmer MPs
United Farmers
United Farmers of Quebec
Fisherman's Protective Union a similar movement in Newfoundland
Non-Partisan League
List of political parties in Canada
Farmers' movement
^ Tony Fitzpatrick; Huck-ju Kwon; Nick Manning; James Midgley; Gillian Pascall, eds. (2006). International Encyclopedia of Social Policy. Routledge. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-1-136-61004-2.
^ Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01). The Progressive Party in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 76.
^ Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01). The Progressive Party in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 89–93.
^ REA, J.E. (1997-01-01). T.A. Crerar: A Political Life. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 73. ISBN 9780773516298. JSTOR j.ctt81cmp.
^ a b Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01). The Progressive Party in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 118.
^ Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01). The Progressive Party in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 95, 106.
^ Wikipedia: United Farmers of Alberta
^ Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01). The Progressive Party in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 128.
^ Agnes MacPhail, Parliamentary biography, Library of Parliament, accessed February 14, 2008
^ Craig Heron, The Workers' Revolt in Canada, 1917-1925, University of Toronto Press, 1998
^ a b "History - Nova Scotia Federation of Agriculture" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
^ Coneghan, Damian, Progressive Party Archived 2017-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
The Prairie Roots of Canada's Political 'Third Parties'
Federal political parties and parliamentary groups in Canada
Liberal (158)
New Democratic (25)
Independent Senators Group (41)
Canadian Senators Group (12)
Progressive Senate Group (12)
Non-affiliated (8)
Other registered parties
Marxist–Leninist
National Citizens Alliance
Notable historical parties and groups
Anti-Confederate
Bloc populaire
Co-operative Commonwealth
Democratic Representative Caucus
Ginger Group
Labor-Progressive
New Democracy
Progressive/United Farmers
Ralliement créditiste
Senate Liberal Caucus
Strength in Democracy
Unionist
Italics indicate a parliamentary group that acts as a party in the legislature, but does not contest elections
List of political parties
1920 establishments in Canada
Agrarian parties in Canada
Defunct agrarian political parties
Defunct political parties in Canada
Federal political parties in Canada
Political movements in Canada
Political parties established in 1920
Progressivism in Canada
Social democratic parties in Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bitcoin is known for cloaking the identity of people who use it to make anonymous transactions. But in the case of the 12 indicted Russians who are accused of interfering in the 2016 United States presidential election, investigators can use Bitcoin as a tracking device, navigating the blockchain through a trail of transactions to prove guilt.
In a new report from Vice, the myth that Bitcoin transactions are "100% anonymous" is completely shattered.
Blockchain developer Tim Cotten shows how forensic analysts can use public blockchain information to trace Bitcoin purchases to the GRU, Russia's intelligence agency.
In the video below, Cotten walks through how a subpoena would allow law enforcement to find out exactly who made a specific Bitcoin transaction on a certain day, ultimately identifying the person by their name, date of birth and legal residence.
Says Cotten, "Someone with enough time and dedication will be able to trace your path back." What's better for anonymity? Fiat in the form of cold, hard cash.


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Marker Guns
Hunting Scent
Oil-Based Marking Pellets
Nelson Projectiles Less-Lethal/Training
Nelson® Paintball
Paintball 101: Paintball Game Types
Played either indoors or outdoors paintball games take various forms. Whether your game is woodsball, speedball, scenario or tournament play. You'll want to adjust your equipment accordingly-Including your choice of Nelson® Paintballs.
Woodsball/Recreational Paintball
Paintball started out as a recreational game in wooded areas, with capture the flag and elimination being the most common formats. Woodsball can involve any range of players with a variety of bunker types. The size and terrain of woodsball fields make it unlikely that a player can observe more than a small subsection of the field at any given time. This limited field awareness coupled with the usually larger number of players causes woodsball games to generally last for an extended period of time.
Many playing locations often have their own custom variations. Woodsball gives players the freedom to engage in any number of typical and atypical scenarios such as ambushes, assaults on fortified positions and protecting VIPs. Woodsball is commonly played by players who prefer to use military type tactics and concealment.
Recommended Nelson Paintballs:
Nel-Splat, Precision, HotSpot
Speedball is characterized by a small field filled with bunkers. Speedball fields are usually less than half the size of a football field, and located on level, treeless terrain. Bunkers on a speedball field are man-made, and have evolved from wooden spools and crates to corrugated sewer piping to the customized inflatable obstacles in various shapes that are common today.
Because of the small field size, and the lack of foliage or any other objects aside from the artificial obstacles on the field, players can see from one end of the field to the other, and games are usually much shorter than those played in the woods. Since players can see each other and start the game within range of each other, action between opponents is immediate and lasts the entire game.
Speedball is the only format of paintball that is played professionally in major professional leagues, the PSP, and Millennium series. Paintball fields tend to also hold tournaments of their own throughout the year.
Hemorrhage, Nel-Splat
Stock Class Paintball
Stock paintball play has specific rules regarding the configuration of the marker, restricting the technology of the markers to mechanisms available in the early 1980s. Markers used in stock class play must use a pump action to fire, cannot hold more than 10 rounds of paint with in the marker at one time, must be powered by 12-gram carbon dioxide powerlets, and must hold paintballs in a linear feed tube parallel to the barrel.
A 12 gram CO2 powerlet will typically only fire 20 to 40 rounds, depending on the efficiency of the marker, before needing to be changed for a new powerlet. Because the paintballs are lined up parallel to the barrel, they will not naturally fall into the marker while it is held in a level firing position, requiring the marker to be tipped (rocked) forward or backward before being pumped (re-cocked). This complete action for loading another paintball into the chamber of a Stock Class marker is thus called "Rock & Cock".
Recommended Stock Class Paintballs:
Anarchy, Special Forces
Scenario Paintball
Scenario paintball is a type of paintball game that adds a specific theme or story to the paintball game. Themes vary widely, including re-creations of historic battles, popular movie themes, holiday themes and more. The general rule for being a "scenario" is if players or teams are pretending to be something other than paintball players, the game is most likely a scenario.
Almost all scenario games are also "big game" style events, designed with hundreds or thousands of players involved. The games offer extended play times, anywhere from 6 to 48 hours. Players that are eliminated with a paintball hit may return to the game after a pre-set period of time, giving players a chance to be part of the action throughout the event.
Recommended Scenario Paintballs:
Special Forces, Hemorrhage, Nel-Splat, Precision, Hot-Spot
Tournament Paintball
Organized paintball competition is nearly as old as the sport itself.
Though tournament paintball was originally played in the woods, the rise in popularity of teams such as Team Dynasty(Then known as the IronKids) in the late 1990s saw speedball become the standard competitive format.
The small size of speedball fields brings several advantages to competitive play. The artificial nature of bunkers allows each side of the field to be set up as a mirror image of the other, ensuring that neither team possesses a terrain advantage (as can be the case on woodsball fields). The flat, vegetation-free playing surface makes it easier for officials to see players and make the correct call and, coupled with the small field size, allows a spectator to view the entire game at once or be televised.
Recommended Tournament Paintballs:
Anarchy, Special Forces, Hemorrhage
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The Long Island Game Farm — Wildlife Park & Children's Zoo officially opens for the season the weekend of Saturday, April 16 and Sunday, April 17. Now in its 47th season, the park has long provided Long Island students and families with a wide array of animals, education, and ― most of all ― fun. As part of its opening celebrations, the zoo will once again have an array of baby animals in the nursery barn during its springtime hours.
The Game Farm will be open from Thursday to Sunday, April 21 to 24 and Wednesday to Sunday from April 27 to May 1. The park will be open on a limited schedule in early May and will ultimately be open seven days a week beginning Wednesday, May 25. For information regarding dates and hours of operation, please see the events calendar on the Game Farm's website.
In addition to hand feeding and petting its animals, the Game Farm is excited to announce its new Ranger Eric Live Animal Show, which is being held at 1 p.m. on May 14 and May 21. David Rosaire's Dog Show will also return to the zoo beginning Saturday, May 28.
The Game Farm will be open on the following dates over the next two months: April 16-17, 21-24 and 27-30 and May 1, 5-8, 11-15, 18-22 and 25-31. After that time, the zoo will be open seven days a week through Labor Day weekend.
Additional summer shows, events and programs will be announced later in the season. For more information on Opening Week and prices, please visit www.longislandgamefarm.com or call (631) 878-6644.


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Velvet Cacoon - P Aa Opal Poere Pr,33
This album is so phenomenal that it fits in with my other reviews tonight. I don't know too much about the controversy surrounding this band, but I do know them from their debut until now and am always gasping at how awesome and atmospheric these guys get. If you like shoe-gaze heavy stuff like Nadja,Wolves in the Throne Room, lo-fi Black Metal like Xasthur, Brown Jenkins, mid-era melodic Burzum, etc. you'll definitely dig this one. Their most incredible album until this one was Genevieve, which was a lot more loud and agressive in riffs and fuzz compared to this one, but no where near the intensity and emotion that is felt on this one and anyone who's heard that one will attest that that's a really high bar to raise.
It's safe to say that the sound is like drowning in an ocean, not violently though, but slowly so that you can feel every tug of the tide and current as you bob and sway back and forth then gradually sink down listening to something like Wolves in the Throne Room coming at you through the water. It really is the perfect soundtrack to a dream where you are dying slowly and peacefully, very surreal, and then suddenly realize that you can wake up and then the album is over. Maybe it's a mercy suicide soundtrack, assisted murder is illegal so you figure that it's up to you to "do it yourself" and make it the most pleasant last moments you could ever have. Sure... that's a bit twisted and depressing, but that's the beauty of it.
You don't have to turn away because it's an alledged "black metal band", if it's not your thing, or if it IS and you can't get over the shoe-gaze description. It's not emo/indie pop shoe-gaze, it's melodic atmospheric HEAVY fuzz and ambient metal (?) that is extremly morbid and haunting. The vocals are behind the mix as always, the echo effects are great, and it really sounds like a tormented spirit crying out from a deep forest through the mist and fog. This is eerie stuff, it'll make any pop trendy pussy run and sleep with the light on, so don't piss yourself in horror over melody and beauty until you actually give this album a spin.
These guys don't have an official website currently so check around online for more info: Full Moon Productions, Starlight Temple Society label pages.
Ice Bound Majesty - A Tomb To Erect
Gravsahl - ...A part of Nothing
Olde Corpse Road - The Echoes of Tales Once Told (...
Scorched Earth - Mars
Ride for Revenge - Wisdom of the Few
Altar of Oblivion - Sinews of Anguish
Skullfuck- The Supreme Ugliness


Feel the rush and excitement of gas powered Go Karts that can reach speeds up to 45MPH! Enjoy a real racing experience that combines the speed of true European go karts, the power of racing fuel and the superior handling and grip on an indoor asphalt race track. This package is perfect for both experienced and beginner drivers as you will enjoy two thrilling race sessions including a complimentary balaclava and mobile app access to your race stats, live timing and more. Plus, use your included $20 Arcade Game Card to enjoy simulation games or win big prizes in our arcade game room.