text:
Sequoyah Hills is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, named for the Cherokee scholar Sequoyah (c. 1767–1843), inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. It is located off Kingston Pike, between the city's downtown and West Knoxville.  Initially developed in the 1920s, Sequoyah Hills was one of Knoxville's first suburbs and today is home to some of the city's most affluent residents. The neighborhood contains numerous notable examples of mid-20th century residential architecture, with houses designed by architects such as Charles I. Barber, Benjamin McMurry, and Francis Keally.

Originally an agricultural area called Looney's Bend, the modern Sequoyah Hills neighborhood is largely rooted in the development efforts of 1920s-era visionary entrepreneurs E. V. Ferrell, who developed the Scenic Drive area, and Robert L. Foust, who established the "Talahi" subdivision in the vicinity of Cherokee Boulevard and Talahi Drive.  Foust and Ferrell advertised their respective developments as utopian getaways where Knoxville's elite could escape the ills of congested city life.  While the Great Depression led to the financial collapse of the Talahi project and Foust's subsequent suicide, Sequoyah Hills nevertheless continued to develop over the years as Foust had envisioned.

Cherokee Boulevard was home to Knoxville's first Dogwood Arts Trail, which was established in 1955.  In 1979, the Talahi Improvements, which consist of several early landscape elements from Foust's Talahi development, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Location
Sequoyah Hills is located on a peninsula created by a bend of the Tennessee River known as Looney's Bend.  The neighborhood is bounded by the river on the east, south, and west, and by Kingston Pike (US-70/US-11) on the north, though the Kingston Pike/Sequoyah Hills Neighborhood Association includes several streets just north of Kingston Pike.  The area is generally hilly, with a 10 to 15-foot bluff rising above the rivershore along most of the neighborhood's southern edge.  From the edge of the bluff, the land gradually slopes upward, reaching approximately  above the river, affording houses along the upper slopes sweeping views of the river and Knoxville in the distance.

Sequoyah Park, which occupies most of the south side of the neighborhood, lies in the floodplain between the rivershore and base of the bluff.  Cherokee Boulevard, a true boulevard with a grassy median dividing the right and left lanes, runs in a U-shape around the edge of the peninsula.  The other main road, Scenic Drive/Southgate Road, runs roughly north-to-south across the center of the peninsula.  A small commercial center, known as Council Point, is concentrated around the intersection of Kenesaw and Keowee avenues.

History

Early history

What is now Sequoyah Hills was inhabited by Native Americans as early as the Late Woodland period (c. 500–1100 A.D.), as indicated by a 1,000-year-old Indian mound that rises in the median of Cherokee Boulevard. By the 18th century, the area was under control of the Cherokee, whose Overhill towns lay along the Little Tennessee River to the southwest.  The neighborhood's namesake, Sequoyah, was born in the Overhill town of Tuskegee around 1767.

In 1796, Moses Looney (1750–1817), who had served in various capacities with the failed State of Franklin during the 1780s, acquired a  tract of land in what is now Sequoyah Hills.  He and his descendants would remain on this land for several decades, and the area became known as "Looney's Bend."  Other early landowners in the Sequoyah Hills area included future Knoxville mayor James Park, who purchased a  tract in 1804, William Lyon, who built a house and mill near the modern intersection of Lyon's View Pike and Northshore Drive around 1810, and Drury Armstrong (builder of Crescent Bend), who acquired a large tract of land west of modern Scenic Drive in 1846.

The oldest house still extant in Sequoyah Hills, which currently stands at 715 Scenic Drive, was originally built in the 1850s as a tenant house on the farm of Allen Johnson (1808–1898).  Around 1814, George White, son-in-law of James Park and grandson of Knoxville founder James White, built a house along what is now Woodhill Place.  While this house is no longer standing, foundation remnants of a barn that accompanied the house can be seen along Scenic Drive.

Early development

In 1890, Francis Huger, superintendent of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway, acquired over  in Sequoyah Hills with the intent of moving a steel mill to the area.  The Panic of 1893 doomed this venture, however, and the land was distributed to Huger's creditors in 1908.  Knox County road commissioner Peter Blow (1854–1945) built a house on the south bank of the river opposite Sequoyah Hills in 1910, where he operated a ferry.  Blow's Ferry Road, which connected the ferry to Kingston Pike, is believed to have been built along a trail that once accessed a cemetery containing the graves of Civil War soldiers and slaves.

In 1907, several Knoxville businessmen established the Cherokee Country Club on Lyon's View Pike, and erected a clubhouse on a hill with a commanding view of the river valley and the Great Smoky Mountains beyond.  This original clubhouse was eventually demolished, and replaced with the current building, designed by the noted Knoxville architectural firm Baumann and Baumann, in 1928.  In 1913, trolley tracks were extended along Kingston Pike to its Lyon's View Pike junction, aiding in the development of the area.  What is now Sequoyah Hills was annexed by Knoxville in 1917.

With the advent of the automobile, affluent Knoxvillians began fleeing the congested urban neighborhoods for more spacious areas on the city's periphery.  By 1920, several elegant residences, such as the H.L. Dulin House (1915) on Kingston Pike and the C. Powell Smith (1913) and E.C. Mahan (1920) residences on Lyon's View Pike, had been built near Sequoyah Hills.  In 1921, Regal Manufacturing president S. D. Coykendall commissioned noted Knoxville architectural firm Barber & McMurry to build a house on what is now Scenic Drive.

Talahi and Sequoyah Hills

In the mid-1920s, E. V. Ferrell began major residential development in Sequoyah Hills.  To connect his holdings along the peninsula, he built Cherokee Boulevard (named for the Indian mound in the road's median) and improved Scenic Drive as far as its modern intersection with Bluff and Southgate (a gate at this point inspired the name of the latter).  Ferrell chose the name "Sequoyah Hills" to match the name of Cherokee Boulevard.  By 1924, houses had been built at 901, 919, 927 and 937 Scenic Drive, and fifty lots had been sold by the end of the decade.

In 1926, Robert Foust, a partner in the real estate firm Alex McMillan Company, purchased a  tract of land on the southeast section of Looney's Bend with plans to develop a premier subdivision for Knoxville.  Foust envisioned a neighborhood for those "who insist upon and can afford the best," and where "all the ugliness of city life has been shut out."  He named the new subdivision "Talahi," Cherokee for "standing oak forest."  The new neighborhood, Foust believed, would bring together "an Indian past, a technical future, and a natural forest setting."

Foust recruited landscape engineer Earle S. Draper to oversee Talahi's complex landscape designs. The plans called for curvilinear streets, preservation of mature trees wherever possible, and underground utilities.  Lot sizes were to be no less than 5,000 square feet, and were restricted to single-family homes.  Foust's restrictions called for all houses to be built in English Cottage or American Colonial Revival styles (this restriction was abandoned by subsequent developers).  A country club was to be built along the river bank.

Between 1927 and 1929, Foust constructed several landscape features, including entrance pylons, fountains, and a park (Papoose Park).  Talahi was opened to sales in the Spring of 1929.  Unfortunately, only one lot— 940 Cherokee Boulevard— was sold before the stock market crashed later that year.  In the early 1930s, lots in Talahi, originally marketed in the $4,000 to $10,000 range, were selling for just $600.  His finances in ruins, Foust committed suicide in September 1933.

Notable buildings and structures

Talahi Improvements

Before the stock market crash ruined his development efforts in 1929, Foust managed to complete several landscape improvements in the proposed Talahi subdivision.  These include gateposts at either end of the subdivision along Cherokee Boulevard, two fountains, a park, streetlight standards, and stone benches.  The roads were originally paved in concrete, which has been preserved along parts of Talahi Drive, Iskagna Drive, and Taliluna Avenue.

The Talahi Improvements are concentrated primarily between the intersections of Talahi Drive and Cherokee Boulevard and Talahi Drive and Taliluna Avenue, with islands in both intersections containing the two fountains, called "Sunhouse Fountain" and "Panther Fountain," respectively.  Papoose Park, which is surrounded by an iron fence, is situated in the median along Talahi Drive between the two intersections.  Stone walls with inset benches form a broken circle around the Cherokee Boulevard/Talahi Drive intersection, with the north walls opening toward Papoose Park, and the south walls opening toward the lake, where the proposed country club was to have been built.

Sunhouse Fountain is a circular stone fountain with twelve small posts, each decorated with a sunburst motif, and each originally surmounted by a bronze frog (the frogs have since been removed).  Panther Fountain is a circular fountain with a central obelisk resting atop a base of varying geometric shapes.  Water was discharged through panther heads on each of the four sides of the base.  Cherokee motifs decorate the gateposts, pylons, and fountains, suggesting inspiration from both Cherokee folklore and the Art Deco movement's emphasis on abstract figures.

Houses

The Jenkins House on Cherokee Boulevard, built in 1955 and designed by noted Knoxville architect Ben McMurry, Jr., of the firm Barber & McMurry.  In 2008, the magazine Oxford American profiled this house in its list of the best modern homes of the southeast.

University of Tennessee president's house (940 Cherokee Boulevard), a Georgian Revival-style house built by Nashville surgeon Walter S. Nash in the 1930s after the Nash family home in downtown Knoxville was demolished for the construction of the Knoxville Post Office.  Nash purchased the sole lot in Talahi before the company collapsed into financial ruin.  The University of Tennessee purchased the house in 1960 from Nash's son-in-law and daughter, Ray Jenkins and Eva Nash Jenkins, and used it as its presidential mansion until 2009.
Thomas House (715 Scenic Drive), the oldest extant house in Sequoyah Hills, originally built in the 1850s as a tenant house on the farm of Allen Johnson.  The Towle family purchased the farm in 1899, and in turn sold it to developer N.E. Logan in 1923.
726 Scenic Drive, a one-story Minimal Traditional-style Gunnison home built in 1948.  Gunnison homes were a type of prefabricated house popular in the years following World War II.
934 Scenic Drive, a 2.5-story Tudor Revival-style house built in 1928, and designed by landscape architect Elizabeth Dunlap.
937 Scenic Drive, a two-story Neoclassical-style house built in 1924, and designed by the architectural firm Barber & McMurry.
1029 Scenic Drive, a two-story Neoclassical-style house built in 1930, and designed by the architectural firm Barber & McMurry.
Lockett House (1065 Scenic Drive), a two-story Neoclassical style house built in 1931, and designed by the architectural firm Baumann and Baumann.  The property includes an old log cabin moved from Jefferson County.
1079 Scenic Drive, a two-story art moderne house built in 1935, and designed by landscape architect Elizabeth Dunlap.
1119 Scenic Drive, a 1.5-story Tudor Revival-style house built in 1940 for Dr. Clifford E. Barbour, designed by architect Francis Keally and landscape architect Arthur F. Brinkerhoff.

Other buildings

Sequoyah Elementary School, the original part of which (facing Sagwa Drive) was built in 1929, and designed by the architectural firm Barber McMurry.
Sequoyah Hills Presbyterian Church, founded in 1947; the current church building was completed in 1954.

Notable residents

Notable residents of Sequoyah Hills have included Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr., businessman Jim Clayton (owner of Clayton Homes), author Alex Haley, members of the Haslam family including Gov. Bill Haslam, author Cormac McCarthy, actress Patricia Neal, Tennessee Volunteers football coach Robert R. Neyland, actor David Keith, Knoxville mayors George Roby Dempster and Benjamin Morton, and photographer James Edward Thompson.

References

Further reading

 Berwick, Sandy. Reflections on Sequoyah Hills (as told to Sandy Berwick, Chair, Kingston Pike-Sequoyah Hills Association Historical Committee).  Knoxville, Tennessee: Kingston Pike-Sequoyah Hills Association Historical Committee, 1997.
 Fletcher, Robert J (Jeff).  A Historical Perspective of Talahi. (University of Tennessee unpublished paper, 1969.)
 Isenhour, Judith Clayton.  Knoxville - A Pictorial History. (Donning, 1978), page 128.

External links

 Kingston Pike Sequoyah Hills Association — official neighborhood site
 National Register of Historic Places (Talahi section only)
 Citation of Robert Fletcher's Unpublished Paper on the Talahi Improvements

Neighborhoods in Knoxville, Tennessee
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Knoxville, Tennessee


MM 2/5/15 are you married to patience?
MM 2/5/15 the Patience we are married to… from Debby Bellingham on Vimeo.
This entry was posted in MM's and tagged James 1, joy, Patience, trials. Bookmark the permalink.
Spot on for me Deb. Thank you again, so much….. Blessings to you and i hope your cold is not too méchant!
Blessings, indeed. It is a gift to share life with you, Jenny.
A friend of mine's dad just died, minutes ago. My heart aches for her and i've shared your message….
May prayers join yours. Lord, have mercy.


Target's iPhone, iPad, doorbuster and Electronic deals are famous because of their usual 5% discount on items. This time Target released 36 pages of flyer Ad. Other than regular doorbuster, it provides the below deals.
Friday only spend $75 or more and get 20% one shopping trip between 4th and 13th Dec, 2015.


The pumps of the PTO-PQO-PSO series comply with API 674 and ASME standards and are specifically designed and manufactured for process applications where continuous heavy duties are involved, demanding highest operating reliability and longest maintenance intervals.
The pumps of this series are made in horizontal execution, a solution providing several advantages if compared with the vertical one and which has been chosen by Peroni since the mid 60's, when the production of vertical pumps was basically discontinued.
The series includes two pump sizes, 160 and 190. For each size triplex and quintuplex versions are available together with a septuplex model for the 190 size.
The PTO/PQO/PSO series covers the highest range of performances required by the market of reciprocating pumps and its flexible design allows the installation of both plunger and piston type liquid ends.
Continuous shaft support is obtained with individual sleeve bearings for each plunger, with reduced stresses making them intrinsically safe against shaft failure.
Connection of the plunger to the crankmechanism through a spherical joint with subsequent limited loads on the sealing area.
The smallest pump of the series, model PTO 160, is available also in a version adopting the traditional shaft support with two roller bearings at the shaft ends, together with all the other characteristics of the series.
In order to meet the different requirements of the process applications connected with various operating conditions and fluid characteristics, the hydraulic end is defined by combining different configurations of the manifold, valve assembly and sealing systems and by selecting the most suitable materials for each specific application.
The standard hydraulic end arrangement is suitable for a wide range of operating conditions, hazardous fluids and/or containing suspended solids.
Other hydraulic solutions are available for high viscosity fluids and pumping conditions at high or low temperature. Specific liquid end designs are also available for handling slurries with a significant content of solid particles (in terms of size and weight percentage).


Your favourite player sponsored for the season - including Challenge Cup tie games.
PA Announcements at every home matchday; during the run down and when your player scores a try or a goal.
Your/your company's website link and branding on the Club's official website & in our matchday programme.
Two players bar passes to access the post-match presentations.
Right to use sponsorship in company marketing and promotions & up to two personal appearances at company events.
First refusal to have player as your guest at club dinners, golf days and other events.
Two tickets for the end of season 'Star Man Dinner'.
Player's home playing shirt presented to you at the star man dinner.
We've currently sold out of player sponsorships for the 2017 season. Check back here when we sign new players for sponsorship availability.
If you're budget is slightly lower, or you're more interested in the game, why not sponsor the kit, for exposure and your own playing kit memento?
Your favourite player's kit sponsored for the season - including Challenge Cup Tie game.
Name & branding on the website squad page , home page and matchday programme.
We've currently sold out of kit sponsorships for the 2017 season. Check back here when we sign new players for sponsorship availability.
"Having been a Players Sponsor and a Match sponsor over the last few years, I have found it very rewarding from a personal point of view. I am resident in London, and travel to all home and away fixtures.
I've sponsored Andy Bracek for a few years now, it's so entertaining speaking to Andy after the match. He always enlightens me on the finer points of playing in the pack! It brings it in to perspective what the modern game has evolved into compared to when I played down south many years ago.
Coming up from London for every match does involve a lot of travelling on my part, but by spending time in The Harvey's Suite, I get to meet up with the other Club sponsors and in turn we have become friends over the years.
This has resulted in us being able to plan away trips together like the Summer Bash and has really been a bonus of being a Player and Match sponsor of Halifax Rugby League Club."


Just a teeny glimps from South Asia.
I don't know about the pants on this one, maybe too pretty, maybe too PJs...I'd say take those house pants off or no fancy date for you buddy!
How is your day going so far? I hope you're all out there getting all the special attention you deserve.
As for me, well, I miss my dad. It was his birthday yesterday....he would have been 87 years old if he were still with us.
I probably would have baked him lots of sweets today and talked about politics and religion, that's what he liked most.
So what do you guys like most?
And if you were to pick a gift here, which one would it be and why?
All you papas out there, have a wonderful day!
Once again, Amir does a great job bringing the message across. You can view his entire stamp collection here.
Yep, he may be small, but he's not stupid.......or is he?


Rahul Mathur is the founder and Managing director of the ARKA Softwares & Outsourcing Pvt. Ltd. He has been in the IT industry for more than 10 years with a specialization in .Net. Apart from successfully playing his part in a leading software development company, he is an avid reader and writer of technology related articles and blogs.
ARKA Softwares – a top-notch outsourcing company that has been offering IT consulting and support services globally. Established 7 years back, ARKA was founded with the aim to offer best IT services to organizations that either cannot afford to hire an in-house IT team or are not willing to do so. And today, ARKA has enlisted itself among the top Mobile app development companies. This amazing progress in such a short time is the resultant of superior work quality, consistency in performance, and dedicated commitments. We have a long list of satisfied clients around the world who are now pleased to avail our services. By providing dynamic and outstanding software solutions across the country, we have now become the first choice of a huge clientele.
With expert team having more than 5-7 years of experience in mobile application development we can proudly shout our uniqueness out loud. We are different in the way our team thinks, works, and brings out outputs. Our mobile app development team comprises only the self-motivated, competent professionals. Our team focus on quality and creativity rather than delivering the 'same old crap'. We have expertise in creating complex native mobile apps as well as hybrid.
Predicting Future technologies would help us to do something unique in those particular fields and would be a good way to drive the team and prepare them for that. A good leader should be a boss and a friend at the same time. As a leader, I am trying to enhance the quality of team discussions. Communication between the team and leader should be as much specific, efficient, and productive as it can be.
Choosing the best platform for mobile app development is a most crucial step , so this field should be analyzed effectively. We keep in mind that the Quality of work shall not be compromised. There are various factors which we keep in mind while suggesting the platform to clients as the capabilities of one operating system may not be possible in another. So after detailed discussion and based on the requirement we provide the best solution to our clients.
We are going to extend for sure as we want to keep up with the new technologies and competition. We are researching and started working on few of them like: Augmented reality, Artificial intelligence, IoT, Chatbot etc. New technologies are fairly approaching in each field of IT sector so we are optimizing new things for our future projects & our expert researcher are working for in-depth solutions.
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We understand the financial barriers and after a detailed go-through of client's vision and recommendation we present an initial blueprint of the project. Our profound team of highly experienced developers dedicatedly put their efforts to convert clients vision into reality with high-performance immaculate products. We have option to hire our developer and designer in monthly basis and hourly basis. The cost of app depends on various parameters like platform of the app, quality of the app, number of screens, supported OS versions, features of the app etc.
Being an IT Company, we focus on latest & upcoming technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, AR/VR and IoT apps. These technologies will be future of IT industry and have lots of scope to enhance the business and industry. Currently we work on some of these like: AI, Chatbot and researching on others to have proper knowledge and enhance our wings successfully. We are currently working with Healthcare industries who are main users of AI.
Our favourite Industry verticals in 2018 would be Medical and Automobiles as these industries are expanding in way of using technology. Also, crypto currency, iBeacons and IoT are at boom & we have already started to work on them & our team is continuously searching for new ideas .
We provide lots of services in IT industry like mobile app development, website development, ROR development and Digital marketing etc; but if we choose one that specifies our operational area then we would mobile app development. As we are one of the best app development companies here, we offer ultimate solutions for mobile app development.


text:
William "Bill" G. Spears (born 1938) is an American asset manager, philanthropist and board member. Spears is currently chairman, chief executive officer and co-founder of Spears Abacus Advisors LLC, an investment management firm located in New York City.

Early life and education

Spears graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall in 1956. He received his undergraduate degree from Princeton University in 1960 and his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1962.

Business

Spears began his career at Loeb, Rhoades & Company in 1962 and was named a general partner in 1970. In 1972, Spears founded an independent investment advisory business, which became Spears, Benzak, Salomon & Farrell. The firm was acquired by KeyCorp in 1994; Spears served as chairman and chief executive officer of KeyCorp Asset Management from 1996 to 1999. At the time, KeyCorp Asset Management managed $72 billion in total assets. In 1999, he co-founded Spears, Grisanti & Brown.

In 2007, Spears co-founded Spears Abacus Advisors LLC in partnership with Abacus & Associates. He serves as the firm's chairman and chief executive officer.

Boards

Spears' past corporate board affiliations include UnitedHealth Group, Recognition International Inc., Avatar Holdings Inc. and Osborn Communications Corp. Spears served as director of UnitedHealth Group for 15 years until his resignation in 2006.

Honors and Philanthropy

Spears served as a trustee at Choate Rosemary Hall from 1979 to 1991 and became a Life Trustee in 1996. He was chairman of the board of trustees from 1982 to 1987. He established the Spears Endowment for Spiritual and Moral Education at Choate.

Spears served as a trustee at Quinnipiac University from 1993 to 2005 and was chairman of the board of trustees from 2000 to 2005. He is a Trustee Emeritus at Quinnipiac and in 1998 received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from the School of Law. In 2006, he was inducted into the Business Leader Hall of Fame.

Spears became a trustee of the HealthCare Chaplaincy in 1993 and a life trustee in 2001. He served as the organization's chairman from 1996 to 2000. He established The Spears Research Institute in 1998. The institute researches the relationship between spirituality and health.

From 2009 to 2016 Spears served as a trustee of the Nantucket Atheneum. He served as vice chairman of the board for a portion of that time.

Spears served as a trustee of Union Theological Seminary from 2000 to 2007 and as vice chairman during a portion of that time.

Spears is a Life Trustee at the  Asian Cultural Council after serving as a trustee from 2013 to 2019.

Personal life

William G. Spears was married to Joan Spears née Bogardus from 1960 until her death in 2002. They had four children together.

Spears married Maria T. Spears in 2003. Mrs. Spears, widowed in 2000, has a daughter from her earlier marriage. They live in New York City.

References

1938 births
Living people
American chairpersons of corporations
American chief executives
American investment advisors
American philanthropists
Choate Rosemary Hall alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Princeton University alumni
Quinnipiac University people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Texas Rangers Final Series Preview vs Houston Astros
The last one.
By morganprice@morganprice Sep 24, 2020, 4:09pm CDT
Share All sharing options for: Texas Rangers Final Series Preview vs Houston Astros
The Rangers close out their 2020 season with four games against the Houston Astros at home. And they have the opportunity to play spoiler.
Houston has not yet clinched a playoff spot and the Angels are 2.5 games back for second place in the division. They're 5-5 for their last 10 and just lost a series against Seattle.
So if Texas can just pull off some magic and win a four game series, just pretend we're back in 2015 or 2016, it would truly be a great way to end a crapy season.
Houston is setting up their rotation for their playoff appearance, so they don't have a starter listed for Saturday or Sunday's game currently.
Tonight's starter will be Cristian Javier, he's faced the Rangers once and went 6.2 innings and gave up just one run on two walks and two hits. Overall he's 4-2 this season with a 3.33 ERA and 0.99 WHIP in 11 games. Lance Lynn will make his final start of the season, in his last five starts against Houston, he's 1-4, that win coming in July of last year.
Jose Urquidy will take the mound on Friday, when he faced the Rangers on September 15th, he went seven innings and gave up one run on three hits. Kyle Cody will make his second start against the Astros this season. His last start, he went three innings, after having a pitch limit, he gave up just one run on four hits and two walks.
Kyle Gibson will make the start on Saturday, his last start against the Houston was the complete game shut-out, here's hoping he can channel that outing once again.
Jordan Lyles will close out the season for Texas by making his third start against the Astros. He's 0-1 this season with a 3.75 ERA and a 0.83 WHIP in 12 innings against them this season. He went seven innings in his last outing against them, gave up two runs on three hits and a walk.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You can optionally use two special MIME headers for both email and SMS messages to append arbitrary information, such as your own identifier and/or a description, which SmartRelay stores for later use. This allows you, for instance, to associate a unique identifier of your own with each message sent through SmartRelay.
You can then, for example, retrieve the information from a DataExporter feed, to reconcile the values provided in your own information systems. See the DataExporter documentation, which is available on request from Contactlab customer care, for more details.
These headers require the storing of recipient addresses in a user database to be configured when SmartRelay is set up, to enable them to be used. See Setting up SmartRelay for more details. Please get in touch with your usual contact at Contactlab, such as your project manager, account manager or Contactlab customer care for more information.
See External identifier and description for more details about each of these headers.


text:
Data Law
About our practices and your data
At Microsoft, we believe customers deserve to understand our policies for responding to government requests for their data. This transparency also helps inform policymakers as they work to modernize laws that impact our customers. In addition to the detailed frequently asked questions (FAQs) below, there are some core policies we adhere to across our services:
Microsoft does not provide any government with direct and unfettered access to our customers' data, and we do not provide any government with our encryption keys or the ability to break our encryption.
If a government wants customer data, it must follow applicable legal process. It must serve us with a warrant or court order for content, or a subpoena for subscriber information or other noncontent data.
All requests must target specific accounts and identifiers.
Microsoft's legal compliance team reviews all requests to ensure they are valid, rejects those that are not valid, and only provides the data specified.
Our Law Enforcement Request Report and U.S. National Security Order Report are updated every six months and show that the vast majority of our customers are never impacted by government requests for data.
Why do you screen government requests for customer data?
What is the process for disclosing customer information in response to government legal demands?
Why does Microsoft reject a government request?
Is rejecting a request the only way Microsoft resists government requests?
Does Microsoft reject U.S. subpoenas from government entities seeking content data?
How does Microsoft consider potential human rights issues impacted by law enforcement requests?
Does Microsoft provide any data to governments absent a formal legal request?
How does Microsoft determine what countries can request data?
Does Microsoft notify users of its consumer services, such as Outlook.com, when law enforcement or another governmental entity in the U.S. requests their data?
Does Microsoft notify its enterprise customers when law enforcement or another governmental entity requests their data?
Does Microsoft disclose additional data as a result of the CLOUD Act?
How many of the U.S. legal demands were accompanied by non-disclosure orders?
Does Microsoft notify users if their accounts have been compromised by third parties or state-sponsored actors?
Does Microsoft ever challenge non-disclosure obligations or gag orders?
How many enterprise cloud customers are impacted by law enforcement requests?
What services are subject to law enforcement requests?
Did you participate in the PRISM program disclosed by Edward Snowden?
Do you give the U.S. government direct access to Skype and Outlook.com data flows as suggested by some stories reporting on documents released by Edward Snowden?
Where does Microsoft deploy encryption and what level of encryption do you use?
Why don't you use encryption universally?
What do you do with encryption keys?
Does Microsoft build back doors into its products?
What laws apply to Microsoft customer records and content?
What are "content" and "noncontent" data?
Does Microsoft provide customer data in response to legal demands from civil litigation parties?
Does Microsoft charge governments for providing data and content?
How does Microsoft define a FISA order seeking disclosure of content?
How does Microsoft define a FISA order requesting disclosure of noncontent?
How does Microsoft define the accounts impacted that it reports?
Are legal demands subject to secrecy orders included in your reporting?
Does Microsoft ever remove online content at the request of a government or other parties?
What is Microsoft doing to combat revenge porn content on its services?
Does Microsoft monitor for images of online child exploitation?
How is Microsoft countering terrorist content? Does Microsoft monitor for or remove terrorist content across its services?
Who makes the decision to remove terrorist content?
Q: Why do you screen government requests for customer data?
A: Governments play a critical role in keeping the public safe. Microsoft has a team that works around the clock to respond rapidly when governments' requests are legal and valid. Governments had legal means to access people's personal information before modern technology and the same is true today. At the same time, we believe our customers deserve predictability in how and when the government can access their data, and it should be up to national laws and agreed-upon human rights standards — not the discretion of any company — to determine where the line is drawn. By only responding to valid legal process, we strive to offer customers clear expectations for what happens with their data.
Q: Why does Microsoft reject a government request?
A: There are many reasons why Microsoft may reject or challenge a request. For example, we might reject a request if it exceeds the authority or jurisdiction of the requesting agency. We may also reject a request if it is not signed or not appropriately authorized, contains the wrong dates, is not properly addressed, contains material mistakes, or is overly broad.
Q: What is the process for disclosing customer information in response to government legal demands?
A: Microsoft requires an official, signed document issued pursuant to local law and rules. Specifically, we require a subpoena or equivalent before disclosing non-content, and only disclose content to law enforcement in response to a warrant (or its local equivalent). Microsoft's compliance team reviews government demands for customer data to ensure the requests are valid, rejects those that are not valid, and only provides the data specified in the legal order.
Q: Is rejecting a request the only way Microsoft resists government requests?
A: No. Sometimes we seek to narrow the scope of requests. When a request addresses our commercial services, we always attempt to redirect the government to obtain the information directly from our customer. Except in the most limited circumstances, we believe that government agencies can go directly to business or government customers for information about one of their employees — just as they did before these customers moved to the cloud — and that they can do so without undermining their investigation or national security. If needed, we may also file a formal legal challenge in court seeking to modify or quash a legal order.
Q: Does Microsoft reject U.S. subpoenas from government entities seeking content data?
A: Yes. We require a court order or warrant before we will consider releasing content. Like other companies, we've implemented the holding of U.S. v. Warshak, which says that email users maintain a reasonable expectation of privacy in the content of their emails.
Q: How does Microsoft consider potential human rights issues impacted by law enforcement requests?
A: Our Global Human Rights Statement outlines our commitment to respect the human rights of our customers. By verifying law enforcement entities followed the laws and procedures in their jurisdictions before we respond to a request, we seek to ensure we are disclosing customer data only in authorized criminal investigations.
Q: Does Microsoft provide any data to governments absent a formal legal request?
A: We do this only in limited circumstances. Pursuant to U.S. law, we are required to report identified or suspected images exploiting children to the U.S. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). On occasion, we also report some limited information about a user when we have reason to believe the individual is about to harm themselves or someone else due to a public posting on one of our forums, on Xbox LIVE, or through referrals from other customers. If one of our customers or employees, or Microsoft itself, is the victim of a crime, we may report some limited information to law enforcement. Additionally, consistent with applicable law and industry practice, Microsoft sometimes discloses limited information to law enforcement where we believe the disclosure is necessary to prevent an emergency involving danger of death or serious physical injury to a person. Microsoft considers emergency requests from law enforcement agencies around the world, and requires these requests be in writing on official letterhead, signed by a law enforcement authority. The request must contain a summary of the emergency, along with an explanation of how the information sought will assist law enforcement in addressing the emergency. Each request is carefully evaluated by Microsoft's compliance team before any data is disclosed, and the disclosure is limited to the data that we believe would enable law enforcement to address the emergency. Some of the most common emergency requests involve suicide threats and kidnappings. Every six months, we publish information about the emergency requests we receive here.
Q: How does Microsoft determine what countries can request data?
A: Microsoft produces data in response to valid legal requests from governmental entities in countries where Microsoft Corporation is located. We conduct a local legal review of each request we receive against local laws and standards. We also periodically review our screening processes around the world to ensure local judicial procedures are being followed and our global human rights statement is being applied.
Q: Does Microsoft notify users of its consumer services, such as Outlook.com, when law enforcement or another governmental entity in the U.S. requests their data?
A: Yes. Microsoft gives prior notice to users whose data is sought by a law enforcement agency or other governmental entity, except where prohibited by law. We may withhold notice in exceptional circumstances, such as emergencies where notice could result in danger (e.g., child exploitation investigations), or where notice would be counterproductive (e.g., where the user's account has been hacked). Microsoft also provides delayed notice to users upon expiration of a valid and applicable non-disclosure order unless Microsoft, in its sole discretion, believes that providing notice could result in danger to identifiable individuals or groups or be counterproductive.
Q: Does Microsoft notify its enterprise customers when law enforcement or another governmental entity requests their data?
A: Yes. Microsoft gives prior notice to its enterprise customers of any third-party requests for their data, except where prohibited by law. We also provide our enterprise customers with notice upon expiration of a valid and applicable non-disclosure order. Except in the most limited circumstances, we believe governments can obtain information directly from our enterprise customers without jeopardizing investigations or risking harm to individuals, just as they did before the customer moved to the cloud. For the same reason, we believe that our enterprise customers can, except in the most exceptional circumstances, be notified about government requests for their data.
Q: Does Microsoft disclose additional data as a result of the CLOUD Act?
A: No. The CLOUD Act amends U.S. law to make clear that law enforcement may compel U.S.-based service providers to disclose data that is in their "possession, custody, or control" regardless of where the data is located. This law, however, does not change any of the legal and privacy protections that previously applied to law enforcement requests for data – and those protections continue to apply. Microsoft adheres to the same principles and customer commitments related to government demands for user data.
In the first half of 2022, Microsoft received 5,560 legal demands for consumer data from law enforcement in the United States. Of those, 96 warrants sought content data which was stored outside of the United States.
In the same time frame, Microsoft received 41 legal demands from law enforcement in the United States for commercial enterprise customers who purchased more than 50 seats. Of those demands, there were no disclosures of content data related to a non-U.S. enterprise customer whose data was stored outside of the United States.
Q: How many of the U.S. legal demands were accompanied by non-disclosure orders?
A: Microsoft has long believed that secrecy should be the exception, used only temporarily and when clearly necessary to protect sensitive investigations, rather than the norm. Microsoft has repeatedly and successfully challenged the U.S. government to limit its use of non-disclosure or secrecy orders, which prevent us from notifying our customers of a government demand for their data. See Ensuring secrecy orders are the exception not the rule when the government seeks data owned by our customers – Microsoft On the Issues and Continued progress and support in fighting secrecy orders – Microsoft On the Issues. And, in 2021, Microsoft provided testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary in support of statutory reforms to the secrecy order statute. See The need for legislative reform on secrecy orders – Microsoft On the Issues.
In the first of 2022, Microsoft received secrecy orders attached to 27 percent of U.S. legal demands, including federal, state, and local law enforcement demands, totaling 1,670 secrecy orders. Of these, 1,360 were issued by federal law enforcement authorities.
Q: Does Microsoft notify users if their accounts have been compromised by third parties or state-sponsored actors?
A: In December 2015 we announced that we now notify customers if we have evidence they have been the target of an attempted "state-sponsored" attack. These notifications do not mean that Microsoft's own systems have in any way been compromised.
Q: Does Microsoft ever challenge non-disclosure obligations or gag orders?
A: Microsoft sometimes receives requests that prohibit us from notifying our customers. In some cases, we seek permission to notify our customer or even challenge the gag order. For example, in one case, Microsoft challenged a National Security Letter (NSL) pertaining to an enterprise customer because it included a gag order. As a result of the legal challenge, the government withdrew the NSL and was able to obtain the data directly from the customer without compromising the integrity of its investigation. Microsoft recently challenged the U.S. government in court again, arguing that the Justice Department routinely uses overly broad and indefinite gag orders that prevent us from ever notifying customers of requests for their data. We believe that with rare exceptions consumers and businesses have a right to know when the government accesses their emails or records, and we're asking the court to address the matter. More information about that lawsuit can be found here.
Q: How many enterprise cloud customers are impacted by law enforcement requests?
A: In the first half of 2022, Microsoft received 142 requests from law enforcement around the world for accounts associated with enterprise cloud customers. In 95 cases, these requests were rejected, withdrawn, no data, or law enforcement was successfully redirected to the customer. In 47 cases, Microsoft was compelled to provide responsive information: 16 of these cases required the disclosure of some customer content and in 31 of the cases we were compelled to disclose non-content information only. Of the 16 instances that required disclosure of content data, 13 of those requests were associated with U.S. law enforcement.
Q: What services are subject to law enforcement requests?
A: As our law enforcement requests reports have shown, the overwhelming majority of requests seek information related to our free consumer services. By comparison, we have received very few requests for data associated with use of our commercial services used by enterprise customers.
Q: Did you participate in the PRISM program disclosed by Edward Snowden?
A: No. When PRISM was reported we released a statement that said, "We provide customer data only when we receive a legally binding order or subpoena to do so, and never on a voluntary basis. In addition, we only ever comply with orders for requests about specific accounts or identifiers. If the government has a broader voluntary national security program to gather customer data we don't participate in it." Since issuing that statement, the Director of National Intelligence released clarifications that explained PRISM was not a voluntary program but rather an internal government computer system to process targeted data collected through valid legal orders.
Q: Do you give the U.S. government direct access to Skype and Outlook.com data flows as suggested by some stories reporting on documents released by Edward Snowden?
A: We've been clear about this. We do not provide any government with direct access to emails or instant messages. Full stop. Like all providers of communications services, we are sometimes obligated to comply with lawful demands from governments to turn over content for specific accounts, pursuant to a search warrant or court order. Some documents disclosed in the summer of 2013 were interpreted to suggest we made product changes to enable greater government access to customer communication. There were significant inaccuracies in the interpretations of these leaked government documents, and the product changes referenced did not facilitate greater government access to audio, video, messaging, or any other customer data.
Q: Where does Microsoft deploy encryption and what level of encryption do you use?
A: We announced in 2013 that we would increase encryption across our services both when data is traveling and when it is at rest, and we've provided updates along the way. Details on the encryption deployed in our products are regularly updated and can often be viewed by visiting the website associated with that product.
Q: Why don't you use encryption universally?
A: Many of our products use end-to-end encryption or deploy encryption extensively. We invest in encryption because it protects our customers from a range of threats including cybercrime. However, sometimes our customers wish to deploy technologies to fight cybercrime that require content to be decrypted in a secure environment somewhere in the process. For example, some customers may wish to run enterprise software that scans emails to detect phishing attacks or malicious code. Customers may also wish to take advantage of features like real-time language translation in Skype calls, which require us to temporarily and securely decrypt data. Our approach is to give customers choices while continuously working to improve encryption and other security measures so they can be applied broadly.
Q: What do you do with encryption keys?
A: We do not provide any government with our encryption keys or the ability to break our encryption. In most cases, our default is for Microsoft to securely store our customers' encryption keys. Even our largest enterprise customers usually prefer we keep their keys to prevent accidental loss or theft. However, in many circumstances we also offer the option for consumers or enterprises to keep their own keys, in which case Microsoft does not maintain copies.
Q: Does Microsoft build back doors into its products?
A: Microsoft does not build backdoors into any of its products. We've been clear that we do not provide direct, unfettered access to customer data, and history shows we have a track record of declining requests to give voluntary access to customer data.
Q: What laws apply to Microsoft customer records and content?
A: For data hosted in the U.S., Microsoft follows the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. We require at least a subpoena before turning over noncontent records, such as basic subscriber information or IP connection history, and we require a court order or warrant before producing content. Irish law and European Union directives apply to the Hotmail and Outlook.com accounts hosted in Ireland. Skype is a wholly owned, but independent division of Microsoft, headquartered in and operating pursuant to Luxembourg law.
Q: What are "content" and "noncontent" data?
A: Noncontent data includes basic subscriber information, such as email address, name, state, country, ZIP code, and IP address at time of registration. Other noncontent data may include IP connection history, an Xbox Gamertag, and credit card or other billing information. We require a valid legal demand, such as a subpoena or court order, before we will consider disclosing noncontent data to law enforcement. Content is what our customers create, communicate, and store on or through our services, such as the words in an email exchanged between friends or business colleagues or the photographs and documents stored on OneDrive (formerly called SkyDrive) or other cloud offerings such as Office 365 and Azure. We require a court order or warrant before we will consider disclosing content to law enforcement.
Q: Does Microsoft provide customer data in response to legal demands from civil litigation parties?
A: Microsoft receives legal demands for customer data from civil litigation parties around the world. Microsoft does not respond to private requests other than those received through a valid legal process. Microsoft adheres to the same principles for all requests from civil proceeding legal requests as it does for government agencies requests for user data, requiring nongovernmental civil litigants to follow the applicable laws, rules and procedures for requesting customer data.
If a nongovernmental party wants customer data, it needs to follow applicable legal process — meaning, it must serve us with a valid subpoena or court order for content or subscriber information or other noncontent data. For content requests, we require specific lawful consent of the account owner and for all requests we provide notice to the account owner unless prohibited by law from doing so. We require that any requests be targeted at specific accounts and identifiers. Microsoft's compliance team reviews civil proceeding legal requests for user data to ensure the requests are valid, rejects those that are not valid, and only provides the data specified in the legal order. A summary of Microsoft's responses to civil litigation requests for customer data is included in the transparency reports we publish every six months.
Q: Does Microsoft charge governments for providing data and content?
A: Sometimes. Pursuant to U.S. law, Microsoft is entitled to seek reimbursement for costs associated with compliance with a valid legal demand. We only charge in an attempt to recover some costs associated with the need to comply with U.S. legal demands. To be clear, these reimbursements cover only a portion of the costs we actually incur to comply with legal orders. We do not, however, charge in emergency situations or in known child exploitation investigations. For additional information about how we use and protect customer information, please read the Microsoft Privacy Statement.
Q: How does Microsoft define a FISA order seeking disclosure of content?
A: This category would include any FISA electronic surveillance orders (50 U.S.C. § 1805), FISA search warrants (50 U.S.C. § 1824), and FISA Amendments Act directives or orders (50 U.S.C. §1881 et seq.) that were received or active during the reporting period.
Q: How does Microsoft define a FISA order requesting disclosure of noncontent?
A: This category would include any FISA business records (50 U.S.C. § 1861), commonly referred to as 215 orders, and FISA pen register and trap and trace orders (50 U.S.C. § 1842) that were received or active during the reporting period.
Q: How does Microsoft define the accounts impacted that it reports?
A: The number of user accounts impacted by FISA orders that were received or active during the period of time. Since individuals may have multiple accounts across different Microsoft services — all of which are counted separately to determine the number of accounts impacted — this number will likely overstate the number of individuals subject to government orders.
Q: Are legal demands subject to secrecy orders included in your reporting?
A: Yes. All government requests for data, including any that were accompanied by non-disclosure orders, also known as secrecy orders, are included in our transparency reports. Microsoft has a long history of successfully challenging unnecessary secret surveillance, both directly in communications with law enforcement and formally in court. Microsoft has also advocated in Congress to reform the U.S. non-disclosure order statute, 18 U.S.C. § 2705, to ensure that such orders are properly narrowed, time-limited, and only approved by judges when truly necessary to protect a criminal investigation.
Q: Does Microsoft ever remove online content at the request of a government or other parties?
A: Yes. Microsoft periodically receives requests to remove content from its online products or services in accordance with four specific requests for content removal:
Requests from governments, such as claims of violations of local laws or our terms of use
Requests from European residents or Russian residents to filter search results about them on Bing for queries that include their names under the European Court of Justice's 2014 "Right to Be Forgotten" ruling or under amendments to Russia's data protection law, respectively
Requests from copyright owners to Bing claiming infringement of protected works
Requests from individuals to remove "nonconsensual pornography," also referred to as "revenge porn," which is the sharing of nude or sexually explicit photos or videos online without consent
More information about content removal requests can be found in the Content Removal Requests Report, which is updated biannually on our Transparency Hub.
Q: What is Microsoft doing to combat revenge porn content on its services?
A: As a first step, we pledged to remove links to photos and videos from search results in Bing, and remove access to the content itself when shared on OneDrive or Xbox Live, when we are notified by a victim. People can report content to us via this form.
We are committed to working with leaders and experts worldwide on this subject, and continue to work on improving our reporting mechanisms and processes. To learn more about online safety generally, see our website and resources.
Q: Does Microsoft monitor for images of online child exploitation?
A: Child pornography violates the law as well as our terms of service, which makes clear that we use automated technologies to detect abusive behavior that may harm our customers or others. In 2009, we helped develop PhotoDNA, a technology to disrupt the spread of exploitative images of children, which we report to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children as required by law.
Q: How is Microsoft countering terrorist content? Does Microsoft monitor for or remove terrorist content across its services?
A: Although Microsoft does not run any of the leading social networks or video-sharing sites, from time to time, terrorist content may be posted to or shared on our Microsoft-hosted consumer services.
In December 2016, Microsoft joined with three other companies — Facebook, Twitter and YouTube — in a coalition to create an industry hash-sharing database of the most violent terrorism imagery. Images and videos that are reported to us and are identified as terrorist content on our hosted consumer services are removed, hashed and contributed to the industry database. We've also partnered with the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) on a pilot project to better enable nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to surface and serve impactful counter-narrative content via advertisements on Bing. To learn more about countering violent extremism, visit the ISD website.
Terrorism is one of the truly urgent issues of our time. We are committed to doing our part to help address the use of technology to promote it or to recruit to its causes. To learn more about our efforts, please read our blog on Microsoft's approach to terrorist content.
Q: Who makes the decision to remove terrorist content?
A: Microsoft uses a "notice-and-takedown" process for removal of prohibited, including terrorist, content. When terrorist content on our hosted consumer services is brought to our attention via our online reporting tool, we will remove it. All reporting of terrorist content — from governments, concerned citizens or other groups — on any Microsoft service should be reported to us via this form.
Apr 3, 2018 | Data Law Editor
The CLOUD Act is an important step forward, but now more steps need to follow
Mar 21, 2018 | Data Law Editor
Microsoft statement on the inclusion of the CLOUD Act in the Omnibus funding bill
Jan 19, 2018 | Brad Smith
Something extraordinary happened in Washington, D.C., yesterday


text:
William F. (Bill) Greenwood
Notable Burials > William F. (Bill) Greenwood
Title: Baseball Player
Birthdate: 1857
Death Date: May 2, 1902
Plot Location: Section 6, Lot 62
Professional baseball player Bill Greenwood was born in Philadelphia in 1857. On September 16, 1882, at age 25, he made his big league debut with the Philadelphia Athletics. The 1882 season was the first for the Athletics, one of the founding franchises of baseball's American Association. This was actually the second Philadelphia Athletics organization. The first, formed in 1860, was a member of the National Association of Base Ball Players. Greenwood and the Athletics called Oakdale Park in the West Kensington section of Philadelphia home for the 1882 season. The park had been used for amateur baseball since the Civil War but was torn down shortly after the Athletics first season ended. Greenwood played second base and shortstop, and was a switch hitter, able to bat both left and right handed. During his career, which ended in 1890, he also played for the Brooklyn Atlantics, the Baltimore Orioles, the Columbus Solons and the Rochester Broncos. Greenwood passed away on May 2, 1902 in his hometown of Philadelphia.
Support the Friends of Mount Moriah
Help us in our mission to restore and maintain the beautiful Mount Moriah Cemetery by donating to our cause or volunteering at one of our clean-up events.


Lindsay commented on my last post and said some say New Year's Eve (#NYE as we social-media-lites like to call it) is an indicator of how the upcoming year will be spent. I both hope and don't hope this is true! I am currently sitting in my kitchen drinking the last of a Starbucks black coffee (Daybreak was closed today 🙁 ) and writing this post to put off going to the gym. I cannot stand all the New Year's resolution talk going on right now but today I sure do wish I had the motivation of a resolution-er. Given the fact that I work out consistently, it's just any old gym day for me. Stairs, abs, and maybe arms are on my agenda.
My New Year's nails, which I surprisingly haven't messed up yet.
Anyway, New Year's Eve was fun. I pretty much allowed myself to drink and eat what I wanted. We started with a lovely dinner at Bricco Trattoria in Glastonbury, where I un-surprisingly ran into many people I know from around town. My good friend Kelly came to visit and some other old friends, including Greg, were part of my evening too.


Traditional jurisprudence frowns on guilt by association -- unless the defendant is a plant called industrial hemp and the prosecutor is the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration. Recently a coalition of farmers, environmentalists and businesses petitioned the drug agency and the Department of Agriculture to stop treating this plant as a criminal just because it is related to marijuana, a controlled substance. Otherwise, America's farmers and entrepreneurs will be at a disadvantage as other industrial democracies try to exploit hemp's commercial potential and environmental benefits.
The revival of interest in industrial hemp, which has 1 percent or less of the delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, called THC, that gives marijuana its psychoactive effect, flows from the versatility of its seed and fiber. The seed can be converted into food oil, animal feed, paints and cosmetics. The fiber can be turned into textile, rope, carpets, paper products and construction materials. In at least 10 states, farmers also want to assess its value as a rotation crop that is pest- and disease-resistant. Ford researchers abroad are studying it as a lightweight material for radiator grilles and other auto parts.
Neither the drug agency nor Barry McCaffrey, the President's drug policy adviser, find this persuasive. Legalizing hemp, his office says -- removing it from the D.E.A.'s controlled-substance list -- would confuse everyone, especially eighth graders, whose marijuana use has tripled in the last five years. Hemp, it warns, would provide camouflage for growing marijuana. But hemp and marijuana do not cohabit well. Hemp, grown mostly for its fibrous stalk, is planted in dense stands. Marijuana is not, since drug traffickers want a bush with leaves rich in THC, which added sunlight helps provide.
To ease law enforcement's fears, proponents have offered a compromise. The agency would revise its rules to legalize hemp but award jurisdiction to the Agriculture Department. Agriculture would distribute certified seed with a THC level of 1 percent or less to farmers it licensed; it would inspect fields too. The marketplace, not myopic rules, should determine hemp's future in America.


text:
Lettlands post (lettiska: Latvijas Pasts är Lettlands statligt ägda postföretag. Det grundades den 2 januari 1992. Det har omkring 600 postkontor 2018.

Historik
Lettlands post har sina rötter i 1600-talet efter Sveriges erövrande av Livland 1625. För Sverige var det då, i rådande krigssituation i Europa, av stor betydelse att upprätthålla postbefordran till och från de baltiska provinserna. Livland införlivades i det svenska rikets postsystem genom ett edikt av drottning Kristina den 6 september 1638.

År 1625 utsågs boktryckaren Jakob Becker (död 1672/73) från Riga till postmästare för Livland och Preussen, och 1632 utvidgades koncessionen till att omfatta också Estland. År 1631 tog Becker över tryckeriverkstaden på Tartus universitet. Jakob Becker tryckte i Tartu i september 1632 informationsnotisen "Post Ordnung", som reglerade postbefordran i Livland och Kurland. Den anger postens ankomst till och avgång från Riga post samt tariffer.

Till en början var posttjänsten en privat verksamhet tillhörande postmästaren, vilken också fick ett årligt finansiellt tillskott av Rigas stads styrelse och av Livlands guvernör. År 1644 förbands den med det Stockholmsbaserade Postverkets rutter i Finland.
År 1685 initierade hertigen av Kurland Fredrik Kasimir Kettler en egen posttjänst och begärde att de svenska myndigheterna skulle upphöra med sin posttjänst i Kurland, men kung Karl XI nonchalerade.

Källor
Historik på Lettlands posts webbplats

Externa länkar
Lettlands Posts webbplats

Företag i Riga
Företag med statligt ägande
Postväsen
Företag bildade 1992


text:
AFMR Endowment Fund
Introducing the AFMR Endowment Fund
AFMR is launching an Endowment Fund to support the organization's mission of developing and mentoring tomorrow's leaders in medical research.
Every year, AFMR regional and nationally co-sponsored meetings provide young investigators with the opportunity to submit work in competition. Many awardees go on to highly successful careers in medical research.
The Endowment Fund will allow the society to grow its program of honoring early career researchers by expanding these important honors:
Outstanding Investigator Award — recognizing excellence in biomedical research.
Junior Physician-Investigator Award — recognizing projects complementing an overall program of research, teaching & clinical medicine.
Henry Christian Award (named after AFMR's founder) — recognizing the outstanding abstracts submitted at each AFMR regional meetings.
There are two ways to support the Endowment Fund.
Make a general donation.
Contribute in honor of a mentor who has impacted your career.
Honored Mentors will be listed on a dedicated webpage, which will not only acknowledge your donation, but also offer a short blurb describing the mentor's impact on your career.
Trainees can honor a mentor, who will receive an acknowledgement of the honor.
Make the gift anonymously and/or send an acknowledgement.
Become a Sponsor of this Important Initiative
Honored Mentors Program (Minimum donation: $1,000)
Trainees ($50 - $100)
Other (up to $999)
Interested in charitable gift planning or making a recurring gift? Contact us.


text:
Leeds' transformers vanquish Boro
Leeds United, Match reviews
Adam Clayton grows his hair a bit and becomes a lot more like Scott Parker. Darren O'Dea dons a bandage and becomes a lot like vintage Kisnorbo. Michael Brown sees Neil Warnock and remembers that he used to be Michael Brown. It's a world of transformations and rediscoveries at Leeds right now.
The agent of change has evidently been the rediscovery of back-to-front chasing, harrying and discomforting, via the Championship's pass master at that old game.
Solidity had returned in a way we haven't seen in years before this fixture, and throwing the grizzled warrior Paul Robinson in for his debut didn't exactly suggest we were about to get less hard to beat. So it proved.
Every inch a 'Warnock side' from the first minute, played out to belting noise from an also-rejuvenated terrace choir, Leeds also managed to make light of panic in some quarters about whether we were ever going to score a goal again.
Great work from Aiden White, clearly getting used to being a right-sided midfielder, set up Snodgrass to bang home the first, a powerful but straight right-footer past a frankly horrid attempt at goalkeeping.
No-one was fooled that his right peg, that you'd be forgiven for thinking may someday wither away and die due to underuse, has transformed into the clichéd 'wand'.
The goal, though, was no less than Leeds' play deserved in the opening exchanges, which had seen much threat but not quite a magical touch from the impressively position-revolving Becchio, McCormack and Snodgrass.
Very little attempt should be made to fix whatever O'Dea has done to his head. After being flattened by Jutkiewicz, the man that allowed both Ipswich and Celtic fans to have a hearty laugh at my expense post-signing and has done little to let me have the last laugh since, transformed into the bandaged leader of a barricade that Boro barely had a sniff of smashing.
In fairness, this may not be solely bandage-related: this transformation has been coming, as illustrated by our meagre concessions in recent games, but what looked on paper a testing afternoon was pretty much nulled. Emnes was kept quiet – a quick route to killing the entire team it seems – and without calling the fates out, we seem to have quickly lost the panic and Keystone Cops elements that have plagued all efforts at progress in the last three years.
A gift from Justin Hoyte, via McCormack's persistence, quickly provided the second and last goal of the match. It would be fair to say that in recent times, Ross may well have been tempted to take on the shot from a silly angle after breaking clear on the left of the area, but today it was all head-up, do the right thing. After that, it's a cinch: Becchio stabs in an archetypal Becchio goal.
Luciano may well have transformed back to the player he transformed out of when he cut his hair the first time, with first-rate hold up play, some nice touches and the goal, inevitably slightly dented by a few too many of those back-in-and-dive-unconvincingly moments he favours. But hey, Becchio is Becchio. Some things just don't change.
The second half saw Middlesbrough get a bit more motivated in their typically empty stadium, but other than a header into the side-netting, an uncharacteristically Rachubka-esque fumble by Lonergan in the 96th minute and a few probing escapades from their brilliantly-named and handy-looking sub Bartholomew Ogbeche, they didn't look like bothering the boys in blue.
The change in commitment at the club was epitomised by how Adam Hammill was dealt with, as compared to horror-shows in very recent history when he was a Barnsley player. Allowed the freedom of Yorkshire then, he was today denied a millimetre to work anything; his neutering typified by him shooting out for a throw mid-second half.
Boro were reduced to ten when Barry Robson unsuccessfully tried about four times to elbow Adam 'Scott Parker in his head' Clayton in the face, but it didn't really alter how doomed any hope of a comeback was. Leeds still had chances, albeit largely from range, and the full-press never let up. The fans seem convinced, with the most vociferous Only One Neil Warnock yet bellowing out towards to death. 'Colin' is well and truly winning the battle for some of the most suspicious hearts and minds in the business.
Make no mistake – this was a pretty rudimentary victory against an apparent automatic promotion-chaser. The better side won, and Middlesbrough are flattering to deceive as much as they were when they were swarming with second-tier Brazilians.
But hell, we're Leeds, so we need something to worry about. Erm, well you can hold on to the threat that our Executives' dithering with Redfearn for four games could see us fall agonisingly short again, even if this turn-about continues. But if you can keep the natural tendency towards doom at bay for a bit, it just might be worth keeping on believing.
Keystone CopsMichael BrownMiddlesbroughScott Parker
Blackpool Engage In Some Fowl Play
A Rant About Diving


uiowa.edu was registered 3 decades 1 year ago. It has a alexa rank of #10,591 in the world. It is a domain having .edu extension. This site has a Google PageRank of 8/10. It is estimated worth of $ 784,800.00 and have a daily income of around $ 1,090.00. This website is also listed on Dmoz. As no active threats were reported recently, uiowa.edu is SAFE to browse.


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In his book "Primal", Pastor Mark Batterson writes about returning to the heart, soul, mind, and strength of Christianity. He goes on to refer to the "Heart of Christianity" as compassion. I agree. The New Testament details several acts of compassion performed by Jesus. To truly become more "Christ-like", we must become more compassionate. One reason for this blog is to bring the plight of many Nicaraguan children to the attention of those who would not otherwise know. Another reason is to keep our supporters updated on the progress of our feeding programs. I hope that it stirs your heart in some way, motivating you to act and get involved. While we would certainly appreciate support for Metanoia's Feeding Centers, there are several other ways to show your compassion for the world's needy and under-appreciated. Get involved by devoting time, resources, or finances in your local community or abroad. Determine to act on your own, instead of waiting for someone else to do it. Read the quote above again…..and….again. Everyone can do something.
1. I cannot carry a tune in a bucket. (Ask my wife.) Being compassionate is something I can do!
2. As many others do, I love worshipping God through song. Singing praises and worshipping prepares our hearts for the things of God and is a valuable part of our Christian walk. However, how many of us stop worshipping God when the music stops? How many of us stop giving our all when we leave on Sunday morning?
My answer to the question posed in the title is: Yes. Compassion is a form of worship.


Frenchman Mathieu RICHARD and Italy's Francesco BRUNI both secured themselves quart-final slots at Langenargen during the second day of Match Race Germany, stage two of this year's World Match Racing Tour.
The weather gods sent beautiful sunshine and a testing, shifty 8-10 knot breeze which enabled the race committee to complete a further eight flights of the round robin on day two of Match Race Germany.
The morning began with Francesco BRUNI (ITA) maintaining his winning form by taking his first two matches from the only German competitor Carsten KEMMLING and the Swiss entry Eric MONNIN. It was not until his next match that BRUNI failed to maintain his clean scorecard. It was Frenchman Mathieu RICHARD who managed to skilfully take a win from the consistent Italian. BRUNI was also deemed responsible for a collision during the match which resulted in damage to RICHARD's boat and so the umpires inflicted a further 0.5 point deduction to his score line. However BRUNI was not deterred by this defeat and went on to win a further two matches against current Tour leader Adam MINOPRIO (NZL) and defending Tour Champion Ian WILLIAMS (GBR).
"We were not expecting so many points in the first two days of racing, for sure we are happy. It was a challenging match against RICHARD but a good start and winning the right side was key for winning in today's conditions," said the Italian skipper.
RICHARD had a successful day winning all three of his matches taking his winning tally to seven and solidifying his position as the leader on the scoreboard. The French man was rightly pleased with the day's results. "Today was a good day although I feel we were a little bit lucky with the shifty conditions. We were behind MONNIN and BRUNI but a combination of the wind shifts and some luck enabled us to get ahead. The team is doing a great job and we feel good with our performance. A good performance increases our confidence and our motivation to win. I hope it will last until the end of the week but we will have to see," said RICHARD.
Old master Peter GILMOUR (AUS) of Yanmar Racing team put on a typically aggressive display in all three of his matches today, securing three wins in the process and edging him closer to the quarter finals. However he was deducted 1/3 of a point after the umpires decided that he shared some of the responsibility for a collision with Damien IEHL (FRA) which resulted in damage and for which IEHL himself was deducted 2/3's of a point.
When asked to reflect about the jury's decision to deduct a 1/3 of a point, GILMOUR was very diplomatic, "Any decision that goes to the jury, we as sailors know anything can happen and the only guarantee is an outcome. The jury can see things differently and I may not agree. I respect the jury and the umpires have a difficult job and I appreciate what they do."
While BRUNI and RICHARD's impeccable scores today assure them a place in the quarter finals, no one else in the field have yet secured such a certain outcome.
So the pressure is on for all teams to perform in every match and, with three races remaining for each team, the final six is still unclear at this stage.
The umpire team were kept busy all day, adjudicating on levels of aggressiveness not seen thus far in the competition. Whereas penalties yesterday were relatively few and far between, today the intense boat-on-boat action resulted in numerous penalties.
Tomorrow should provide a further spectacle for all the visitors that greet the shores of beautiful Lake Constance.


text:
Pope Francis: Not so much a reformer as a revolutionary
tags: Church reform, Pope Francis, Roman Curia, Vatican
Liberal Catholics, by contrast, who had felt out in the cold during the 35 years during which John Paul II and Benedict XVI occupied the papacy, were optimistic that there would be substance to match the style.
But it is now becoming clear that the new Pope is bent on real change. To some extent style and substance have been interwoven. When Francis visited the southern Italian island of Lampedusa in July – to show solidarity with the African refugees whose flimsy boats find it the easiest part of Europe for them to reach – he ruffled feathers in the Vatican. First, he did not consult the Vatican equivalent of the prime minister's office, the Secretariat of State. And he tried to book his own flight on Alitalia flight, till the airline's protocol people rumbled him.
Symbol and substance have gone hand in hand elsewhere. At the scandal-hit Vatican Bank he first told all the cardinals on its supervisory board that they must forgo their €25,000 annual stipend. But then he set up a five-person commission of outsiders, including a Harvard law professor, to investigate the bank which has been accused of money laundering. In a hand-written document he gave them powers to summon any documents and data they deemed necessary and told them to report directly to him.
He has made moved to rehabilitate Liberation Theology – the Latin American movement which said the Church should work for the political and economic as well as the spiritual liberation of the poor. The theology was condemned as Marxist by the Vatican under previous Popes and its advocates were silenced. But Pope Francis last month met the father of Liberation Theology, Gustavo Gutiérrez, in Rome. He has asked one of the previously-silenced theologians, Leonardo Boff, to send him his writings. And he has removed the block on the canonization of Archbishop Oscar Romero, the champion of the poor in El Salvador who was martyred under a right-wing military government.
Most recently he has upset traditionalists in Rome by announcing that he will stop granting elite priests the honorary title of Monsignor with its anachronistic aristocratic resonance (It means My Lord).
The big question now is: will the new Pope be able to institutionalise that, and all the rest of his raft of changes so that they cannot be reversed by a conservative successor? There are two keys to that: the appointments he makes and the mechanisms he must establish to lock in reform.
The trend in his appointments has been steadily away from the conservatism of the previous three decades. He has replaced Benedict XVI's Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, who chief qualification for the job appeared to be that he was a friend and theological soulmate of the previous pope. Bertone departed with bitterness his month lashing out against the "crows and vipers" who had undermined him.
In his stead Francis has placed Archbishop Pietro Parolin, a talented and respected Vatican diplomat, who will rebuild the Holy See's international credibility and be a key player in Curia reform. In the previous era he fell foul of Bertone and was shunted off to be papal nuncio in Venezuela to get him out of the way.
His return was just the start of what looks to be a big round of far-reaching changes. The old guard, who were reconfirmed in their previous jobs only "provisionally" when Francis took over, are being steadily removed. New men are in place in the key Vatican departments in charge of bishops, clergy and several others.
The extent of the change they are expected to usher in was evident from Francis's big interview this month. Asked allusive religious questions the Pope plunged in with direct answers. Quizzed about "Ignatian spirituality" Francis responded with comments on reform. "Many think that changes can take place in a short time," he said, warning that it would take time to "lay the foundations for real, effective change."
He spoke openly about his failings as a younger man when – confirming for the first time the revelations made in my book Pope Francis – Untying the Knots – that as leader of Argentina's Jesuits, aged just 36, his "authoritarian and quick manner of making decisions led me to have serious problems". He brought up the thorny issue of infallibility and insisted it applied to judgements arrived at by the whole church, including the ordinary people, not just the Pope.
Asked whether the church should drop its rule that divorced and remarried people should not take communion he said that pastoral care came before dogma, and brought up homosexuality in the same context. Not all the dogmatic and moral teachings of the church were equivalent, he declared.
God is to be encountered in the world of today, he said. The Christian who "wants everything clear and safe… will find nothing". Tradition and memory of the past must help us to have the courage to open up new areas to God. The church was wrong in the past in accepting slavery and the death penalty. "Ecclesiastical rules and precepts that were once effective… have now lost value or meaning". The church must "grow in its understanding" and "mature in its judgment".
For a Pope this is explosive stuff. The task facing him now is to translate that vision into practice. That is the business which will begin on Tuesday at his first meeting with his Group of Eight cardinal advisors.
They will arrive in Rome well prepared. The eight men come from every continent and corner of the church. All have been noted critics of the Vatican in the past. In their home provinces they have been consulting local bishops and lay experts about the priorities for reform. They have been in email and telephone discussions with one another. Each has been assembling ideas of his own on how to make Rome more accountable to local churches, so that the Curia is their servant and not their master.
The challenge for Pope Francis next week will be to begin the task of synthesising and co-ordinating the approaches of his new advisers. He has said he wants to proceed carefully, and with the collegial consensus of his brother bishops. But, at the age of 76, he knows he does not have that long.
On Thursday he will celebrate the feast of St Francis of Assisi – whose name this first Jesuit Pope took. In his mind will echo the words that his namesake reputedly heard issuing from a crucifix in the 12th century: "Francis, repair my Church for it is in ruins". The new Pope knows he is charged with no less a task.
'Pope Francis – Untying the Knots' by Paul Vallely was published last month by Bloomsbury
from → Catholic Church, Religion


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Schoenstatt Good Friday Pilgrimage
The Austin Schoenstatt Community will host a Walk with Christ, a Good Friday pilgrimage, through the streets of Austin on April 14 beginning with a send-off blessing from Bishop Joe Vásquez at 12:30 p.m. at St. Mary Cathedral in Austin. The 9-mile solemn walk from the Cathedral to the Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Schoenstatt will focus on Jesus Christ's sacrifice. For details visit www.schoenstatt.us.
Solemn Vespers and Holy Communion, followed by Anointing of the Sick
The Austin Byzantine Catholic community will celebrate a Lenten service consisting of solemn Vespers and Holy Communion, followed by the Anointing of the Sick, on Holy Monday, April 10, at the chapel of St. Edward's University, 3001 S Congress Ave, Austin, TX 78704, beginning at 6:30 PM. ALL CATHOLICS are welcome to attend this service and receive the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick for the healing of physical, emotional, and spiritual ills. For more information, call Deacon Jeff Mierzejewski at (412) 735-1676.
Good Friday Special Collection for the Holy Land
All parishes in the Diocese of Austin are to take up a special collection for the Holy Land on Good Friday, April 14.
Holy Week and Triduum Schedule/Semana Santa
Join us as we commemorate Christ's passion, death, and resurrection here at Saint Mary Cathedral.
St. Vincent de Paul 3rd Annual Fight Hunger Challenge
"You pray for the hungry. Then you feed them. That's how prayer works." Pope Francis Our annual "Help Fight Hunger" Challenge began March 1 and continues through April 30. Help us feed central Texas families in need of food. How to give: ◦Use the pink envelopes marked, "St. Vincent de Paul Help Fight Hunger Challenge" found in the pews to place your donation. Please make checks out to "St. Vincent de Paul Fight Hunger" or "SVdP Fight Hunger" or ◦Give electronically by logging onto E-Giving and designate your funds by typing "St. Vincent de Paul Fight Hunger" or "SVdP Fight Hunger" in the Special Giving Opportunities section. Thank you for your generosity!
March Session of Together in God's Love
Together in God's Love is a four-part marriage preparation series, presenting an overview of the Church's teachings on the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony. The four weekly classes will focus on Catholic marriage as a visible sign of the Holy Trinity and the relationship of Christ to the Church. Each session will include a talk on faith, communication, sexuality, and stewardship within the context of Catholic matrimony. Couples are given the opportunity to engage in conversation, self-reflection, and journaling on these topics. Location: Bishops Hall, Saint Mary Cathedral, 203 East 10th Street, Austin, TX. Date / Time: Sundays, March 5th, 12th, 19th, and 26th - 6:45pm ~ 8:45pm. Registration Fee: $95 per couple Couples must attend ALL FOUR SESSIONS to obtain a Certificate of Completion.
Adult Confirmation Classes for Spring 2017
Have you completed all your Sacraments, with the exception of Confirmation? Would you like to be confirmed in the Catholic Church? Classes begin January 30!
Texas Catholic Pro-Life Day
Texas Catholic Pro-Life Day is Jan. 28. The day will begin with a prayer vigil to end abortion at Planned Parenthood (201 E. Ben White Blvd. in Austin). Then the Chaplet of Divine Mercy will be prayed at 9:15 a.m. at St. Vincent de Paul Parish in Austin followed by Mass at 10 a.m. with Bishop Joe Vásquez. Everyone will proceed to the March for Life at 18th and N. Congress Ave., which begins at 1 p.m. then the Rally for Life starts at 2 p.m. For more information, contact Luisa De Poo at (512) 949-2487 or luisa-depoo@austindiocese.org.
Ascend: An Emerging Leaders Program
The Austin Diocese is now accepting applications for the Ascend class of 2017. Approximately 30 young adults will be selected to participate in a series of retreats and evening courses between February and April. The Ascend class of 2017 will be empowered to make a lasting contribution by practicing applied leadership skills so that they may exercise their faith in positions of leadership in the church as well as in their homes, communities and careers. Applications are due Feb. 10 at 5 p.m. For complete information about Ascend, including the program calendar, application and FAQs
October 22, World Missions Sunday Mass and Dinner
Evening begins with the Sacrament of Reconciliation at 4:00 p.m.
Men's Discernment Dinners
Invite a single Catholic man (high school-adult) to prayerfully consider a priestly vocation.
Fall Together in God's Love dates Announced
Together in God's Love is a four-part marriage preparation series, presenting an overview of the Church's teachings on the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony. The four weekly classes will focus on Catholic marriage as a visible sign of the Holy Trinity and the relationship of Christ to the Church. Each session will include a talk on faith, communication, sexuality, and stewardship within the context of Catholic matrimony. Couples are given the opportunity to engage in conversation, self-reflection, and journaling on these topics. Couples should have taken the PMI (Pre-Marital Inventories), FOCCUS or PREPARE/ENRICH assessments prior to registering for Together in God's Love. Fall dates are Oct 2, Oct 9, Oct 16, and Oct 23 – Time: 6:45pm to 8:45 in Bishops Hall.
Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults, Classes begin September 6
Want to learn more about the Catholic Church? 2016-17 Class information is now online.
Adult Confirmation Classes
Adult Confirmation Classes begin Monday, August 15. Download a registration form on the Adult Confirmation page.
Catholic Faith Formation Updates
Parents, first educators of our children, please join the families of the Cathedral each Sunday, July 10 to August 14, from 10:45-11:45am, in the school cafeteria as we discuss Praying as a Family: Growing Together in Faith & Love Each Day. No registration is required. For more information, contact the Office of Faith Formation at 512-476-4801, or email Jaeson Drummond.
Men's Mass with Bishop Vásquez is July 23
The eighth annual diocesan Men's Fellowship Mass will be held July 23 at 10:00am at Saint Mary Cathedral. All men—sons, brothers, fathers and friends—are invited to attend. A reception will follow the Mass in the Bishop's Hall. Sponsored by the Central Texas Fellowship of Catholic Men. For more information, visit www.CTFCatholicMen.org.
Texas Bishops highly concerned with ruling that puts women at grave risk
June 27, 2016 AUSTIN — The US Supreme Court has decided, in a 5-3 decision, to strike down Texas HB2, a law that protects women's safety while seeking an abortion. The Texas Bishops are highly concerned that this ruling puts women at grave risk. The Texas State Legislature overwhelmingly approved HB2. Its main purpose is to secure surgical center, health and safety standards for women seeking an abortion. Their lives are just as precious as those of their children.
Unity: A Divine Adventure, Saturday, June 25
Saturday, June 25, at Saint Mary Cathedral, 9:00am-4:30pm, sponsored by the Focolare Movement. Program includes presentations, witness talks, Mass, and games for the whole family (programs for children and youth provided). Spanish translation available
Men's Mass, July 23
The eighth annual diocesan Men's Fellowship Mass will be held July 23 at 10 a.m. at Saint Mary Cathedral in Austin. All men -- sons, brothers, fathers and friends -- are invited to attend. A reception will follow the Mass in the Bishop's Hall. The Mass is sponsored by the Central Texas Fellowship of Catholic Men. For more information, visit www.CTFCatholicMen.org.
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