text:
Pipeline Routing Consideration
1 Overview of the Article
3 Developing A pipeline Route
3.1 Identify the Connecting Facilities
3.2 Develop Preliminary Routes on Maps
3.3 Identify Obstacles along the Routes
3.4 Identify and Review Pipeline Impact on Communities
3.5 Select the Most Feasible Route for Survey
3.6 Develop the Pipeline Route Utilising Appropriate Scale
3.7 Obtain a Permit to Survey from Government
3.8 Carry Out Pipeline Route Survey
3.8.1 Pipeline Centreline Survey
3.8.2 Detailed Route Survey
3.8.3 Cadastral Survey
3.8.4 Soil Investigation Survey
3.8.5 Location Classification Survey (Applicable to Gas Pipeline)
3.9 Review the Routes and Reroute Accordingly
3.10 Seek Government Approval
Pipelines provide the most economical and efficient means of conveying fluid over long distances. In the oil and gas sector, pipelines are used to convey liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon from various facilities as may be required.
Due to the difficult terrains encountered along the pipeline route, pipeline construction is difficult. An accurately selected pipeline route significantly reduces the effort required to design and construct the pipeline.
This article is aimed at explaining pipeline routing for onshore pipelines. The routing discussed is in conjunction with the survey and soil investigation performed to firm up the pipeline route. Factors to be considered during pipeline routing will be discussed. Though the routing considerations stated here are mainly for an onshore pipeline, some offshore or water bodies considerations are fused into the article
Figure 1: Ongoing Pipeline Construction on a ROW
Pipelines may traverse a few kilometres, a hundred or thousands of kilometres. In the case of short pipelines, routing is easy; however, as pipelines become longer, pipeline routing becomes more difficult.
A pipeline may be entirely onshore, offshore or both. Pipelines may be designed to be installed above ground or below ground. The installation state also greatly influences the selection of the pipeline route.
Various obstacles may be encountered between a pipeline's start and endpoint. These obstacles include roads, railways, water bodies, bad soil conditions, and utilities. The above-listed parameters greatly influence the pipeline route.
Pipeline routing is performed to determine the optimal route from the pipeline's start to the endpoint.
Pipeline routing is a key activity performed during the design stage of a pipeline. It is performed across all the design stages including Conceptual stage, Front end engineering design and detailed engineering design. In some cases, minor changes may be made during the construction stage. The changes during construction may result from uncaptured obstacles and information during route surveys and soil investigations.
Pipeline routing considerations include:
Establish the shortest possible route. Shorter route results in a reduced cost of material and construction. Short route may also eliminate the need for intermediate pumping or compression station but this may not entirely be true if there are numerous obstacles along the route.
Minimize roads, rail and water bodies crossing.
Minimize the number of bends. Bends angle should be limited to maximum 90 degrees. The bend radius should satisfy the requirements of codes and standards such as ASME B31.4 and 31.8.
Avoid inhabited areas as much as possible.
Utilize existing pipeline right of way as much as possible. Utilizing other utility infrastructures and cables ROW should be considered. Interference between cables and pipelines should be properly investigated before the decision of parallel routing is taken.
Minimize environmental impacts by avoiding protected areas, cultural resources etc.
Avoid areas with side hills.
Access from the existing road to the ROW is key for transporting construction equipment and pipeline materials..
Route development takes several stages; the development of the route is performed on a desktop by marking on maps which may be available in the public domain. One of the key software used for preliminary route development is google earth. It provides satellite imagery and a street view of the earth which is utilised for pipeline routing. Other more advanced software's utilised include ArcGis and QGis. Offshore pipeline preliminary routings may be developed using a combination of google earth maps and admiralty charts. Note the charts used should be the latest version to show all facilities and infrastructures within the pipeline route. As the route is developed, it is refined until the final route is approved. Also, note that the final route must have gone through several approval stages from local to federal government depending on the Country's regulations.
Figure 2: Cropped Out section of an Admiralty Chart
The admiralty charts provide details of water body's depth, the location of obstacles such as existing pipelines and cables, and the location of facilities such as seaports, anchoring zones etc.
Below are the steps to be taken to develop a pipeline route. Note these steps may vary due to design requirements or local regulations.
A pipeline must connect at least two facilities, e.g. a fuel storage facility and an export or import terminal, a crude processing facility and a refinery, a wellhead and a flow station, a gas processing facility and gas distribution facility etc.
The first step is locating these facilities appropriately on a map or GIS software. For new facilities, location selection is not solely the responsibility of a pipeline engineer but a joint task performed by all departments (process, piping, mechanical and pipeline). The client should be well briefed on selecting the respective facilities. The coordinates of these locations are noted.
After identifying the facilities, preliminary routes are developed. While developing a pipeline route, developing more than one option may be required, which is further analysed to determine the best. In some instances, Company's best option presented to the government for approval is never approved. An already-developed alternative route is then presented.
Developing a preliminary pipeline route is mostly performed using google earth software.
Google Earth seems to be the most effective tool for preliminary pipeline routing. It uses satellite imagery that is periodically updated, thus providing reliable information. Existing pipeline and powerline right-of-way scars can be easily seen on Google Earth satellite imagery because the scars from construction or maintenance are evident. Roads, rails, rivers and other water bodies are also easily identified.
The engineer gradually and carefully identify paths that are predominantly free from obstacles, i.e., from buildings, crossings, etc. This is done by carefully placing marks along the map and using a line to connect the marks. Note the coordinates of the marks are noted as they are placed along the route.
A pipeline should be routed to avoid cemeteries, reserved forests and lands housing sacred objects.
Below is a preliminary route drawn on google earth for illustration. The route connects a proposed power plant to an existing terminal gas station. The various turning points along the route are aimed at minimising pipeline proximity to existing facilities.
Figure 3: Preliminary Route Drawn on Google Earth
After the preliminary routes are developed, all obstacles are properly noted and documented. In addition to marking the obstacles on the route, a detailed list of all obstacles with their description is developed. The obstacle list should include details such as:
The name of the obstacle, e.g. road crossing, river crossing, railway crossing, pipeline crossing.
The centre point coordinate of the obstacle.
Description of the obstacle this may include information such as dual carriageway, major river.
The start coordinate of the obstacle, i.e. start point of the road or river crossing.
The end coordinate of the obstacle.
The total length of the obstacle, i.e. total river crossing length, total road crossing length.
The state, local government and community the obstacle is located
The community should be consulted during the planning stage of the pipeline because the pipeline has a significant impact on the community. Pipeline and Community safety should be reviewed, and the route updated to accommodate all recommendations. Safety of the pipeline is key; close community interaction with the pipeline may lead to pipeline vandalisation.
The land is also critical to the community; therefore, the ease of land acquisition from the community and other organisations should be factored into the pipeline route.
In this sense, the preliminary most feasible route does not refer to the route with the lowest construction cost. In selecting the most feasible route, the pipeline's safety and constructability are key factors. The pipeline's impact on the environment and other factors should be considered. The most feasible route is thus presented to the government to seek a survey permit.
After the preliminary route is marked out on maps or appropriate software, the route is further presented on a standard back sheet with an appropriate scale.
The route may be developed on A1 or A2 paper with an appropriate scale depending on the length of the pipeline. Typical drawing scale used includes 1:50,000, 1:100,000 etc
Obtaining a permit to survey is very important because the pipeline route developed is through lands owned by individuals, organisations, etc.; therefore, the appropriate government authority must grant a permit. The developed route is submitted with the application for the permit to survey. After reviewing the route and the application, the government may grant a permit to survey or reject it. The government may give reasons for rejection, and alternate routes may be developed and resubmitted.
A granted permit permits the holder, together with his workers and equipment, to enter any route specified to perform activities such as:
Survey and take levels of the land along the proposed route;
Dig and bore into the soil and subsoil;
Cut and remove trees, vegetation and other objects that may impede the survey activities
Perform all acts necessary to ascertain the suitability of the proposed route for the planned pipeline.
While trying to access the proposed route, access through a third-party facility may be required; therefore, the permit also grants the holder the right to access these third-party facilities. Before any land or third-party facility is accessed, discussion and notification shall be served accordingly to all parties, in some cases a minimum of 14 days.
A route survey is the most critical activity performed in the technical execution of pipeline routing. It is only performed after the preliminary route has been developed. Most of the alterations to the preliminary route result from a detailed survey performed. Before acquiring a ROW, the route must be surveyed and deemed okay for the pipeline construction.
Below are major surveys performed to firm up a pipeline route.
Figure 4: Pipeline Route Survey Works
A pipeline centreline survey is performed to verify the preliminary desktop-developed route. It is performed to confirm the suitability of the route for pipeline construction.
During this activity, the surveyor performs a reconnaissance survey of the entire route, utilising equipment such as a global positioning system (GPS), theodolite, magnetic compass, inclinometer etc. While inclinometers estimate the slope along and across the pipeline route, theodolite, GPS and magnetic compass are used to estimate positions on the pipeline route.
During this survey, the route is established on the ground, restrictive areas are identified, and detours to the preliminary route are established and firmed up. While performing this operation, developmental plans and information required for obtaining clearance for the pipeline are obtained.
The surveyor establishes stakes and flag control points on the ground at key locations along the proposed pipeline centreline, rivers, canal, major roads, rail, terminal stations etc. these stakes and control points are also necessary if the Client desires to verify the activity performed by the survey physically.
At the end of this survey, the route is updated on topographical maps, ground profile showing elevation along the route is developed. Also, a report shall be developed showing details including:
Ground profile along the route
Topographical features
Bathymetric feature for water bodies
Land use pattern
Crossing details
Site location suitable for pipe storage
Soil strata along the route
Features such as forest reserves
Developmental plans
Site photographs
A bathymetric survey shall be performed for offshore pipelines as part of the centreline and detailed route survey to determine the depth of water and map out features of water bodies
In some cases, a detailed route survey may be performed separately to supplement the centreline survey, while it may be performed in conjunction with the centreline survey. The detailed survey covers a minimum of the envisaged right of way (ROW). Some of the detailed information to obtain if not done during the centreline survey include:
Reconfirm the pipeline alignment on the ground
Obtain all topographical features within to beyond the envisaged right of way
Finalise crossing angles and locations
Obtain ground levels and contours
Obtain details of land use
Reconfirm or establish stakes at all turning points/intersection points (TP/IP)
Along the proposed pipeline route, a cadastral survey is performed to establish land ownership boundaries, land ownership status, restriction and interest in the designated land.
This survey is used to plan for ROW of acquisition, dispute settlement etc.
The cadastral survey shows all the information on land ownership and status obtained from relevant government agencies or persons. At the end of this survey, maps showing physical delineation are developed, and a detailed report covering the entire proposed route is developed.
A soil investigation survey is performed to obtain the physical and geotechnical properties of the soil along the pipeline route for engineering design and construction planning. Soil investigation activities performed include
Obtaining disturbed samples from boreholes
Visual engineering classification of soil along the proposed pipeline route
Perform standard penetration test at a specific location
Laboratory testing of the collected soil samples to determine engineering properties
Usually, boreholes are drilled at an identified location, usually around 250m apart, except:
At the intermediate point where a change in soil type is observed
For streams, river crossings and canals, boreholes shall be drilled on both banks and one on the bed of the water body.
At least one borehole shall be made at railroad and highways.
The samples obtained from boreholes are tested to determine properties including:
Type of the soil up to the boring depth
Soil bulk and dry density
Natural moisture content
Grain size
Water table level
For clayey soil; Un-drained shear strength
Soil angle of internal friction
A location class survey is performed to determine the level of development along the pipeline route. The development is a function of the number of building intended for human occupancy.
Location classes are defined in ASME B31.8 section 840.2.1.
To determine the number of buildings intended for human occupancy for an onshore pipeline:
Lay out a 0.4km wide zone along the pipeline route with the pipeline on the centreline of the zone.
Divide the pipeline into random sections 1.6 km in length.
Note that each dwelling unit in a building is considered a separate building intended for human occupancy.
Four location classes are defined in ASME B31.8, which are location classes 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Location Class 1: Any 1mile (1.6km) section that has 10 or fewer buildings intended for human occupancy
Location Class 2: Any 1mile (1.6km) section that has more than 10 but fewer than 46 buildings intended for human occupancy
Location Class 3: any 1mile (1.6km) section that has 46 or more buildings intended for human occupancy except when a Location Class 4 prevails
Location Class 4: Areas where multi-storey buildings are prevalent, where there is heavy or dense traffic, and where there may be numerous other utilities underground
Note: The higher the location class, the lower the design factor (F); this results in a higher wall thickness, thereby increasing pipeline safety. See ASME B31.8 Table 841.1.6-1 and Table 841.1.6-2 for design factors corresponding to the various location classes.
If required, the developed route is refined utilising the survey results. Based on the survey results, detours to sections of the route may be proposed resurveyed and implemented. The detours may result from avoiding unstable soil, hilly grounds, cemeteries, religious centres, forest reserves, rivers etc.
The refined route developed on a proper back sheet is further used to obtain final approval to construct the pipeline.
Seeking government approval implies obtaining a permit to construct the pipeline. All documentation, including the surveyed route, is collated and submitted to the government to grant the construction of the pipeline
ASME 31.8: Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
Code of Federal Regulations 49 (CFR 49), Part 192
Oil Pipelines Act Chapter 338; Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990
DPR P-1P: Guidelines and Procedures for the Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems in Nigeria
Search All Posts
PROTECTIVE CERAMIC COATINGS IN MINING INDUSTRY-MATERIALS & METHODS NDT 3D scanning technology solutions for corrosion, denting (mechanical damage),...


CasinoRoom has been a mainstay since 1999 and are able to offer you the best in the business with everything they have to offer. The casino comes from a collective background involving sports, major poker and entertainment, however today they are a standalone casino, which has been designed and developed by Ellmount Gaming Limited, a company registered in Malta.
The games include a large selection of Microgaming, NetEnt, Betsoft, Microgaming, NextGen Gaming, Evolution Gaming, NYX Interactive and Aristocrat Gaming. There is an incredible range of slots available, which includes 3 and5 reel slots. The addition of other various game categories such as table games, video poker and roulette will complement the entertainment you can enjoy.
When you get ready to play at CasinoRoom and have registered an account you shall be able to enjoy a welcoming bonus of 100%, which has a maximum claimable value of $800.00. The minimum deposit is $25 and the maximum is $400. This bonus will furthermore give you up to 60 free spins as well, the free spins you receive will be available on the Starburst, a video slot from Net Entertainment.
As a regular player, additional promotions will become available as you make future deposits. These will be offered weekly with occasional special event promotions as well.
The game variety will impress you when you see the sheer amount of slots you can choose from let alone the other assorted games. The casino offers games from a number of market leading developers, which includes Microgaming and Net Entertainment, two of the best in the business. The game selection includes progressive jackpot games, 3 reel classic games, 5 reel video slots, video poker, roulette and blackjack. There is a mobile casino featuring a selection of the games you find online. This is compatible with most mobile platforms.
Playing at the casino will give you a number of great reasons to trust the casino with your information and the confidence to deposit in a safe manner. The casino works closely with Gambleaware, who are there to ensure safe and responsible gaming takes place, while also ensuring all information is kept secure. Lotteries and gaming authorities also play a part in this due to the casinos licensing.
To make a deposit into the casino you will be able to look into making a deposit with one of many different web wallets. The casino will also remember your information provided to ensure you do not need to provide the same information over and over. The information kept by the casino is very private and will not be shared with any third party members. Banking options include credit cards, Neteller, Paysafe cards, Skrill and Ukash. The casino will give you the option to make a bank transfer as well, just keep in mind that these transfers may take longer than other methods.
When you would like to withdraw from your account it is a simple process. The easiest way would be to use the method you used when you made a deposit, but the other methods are also available should you wish to use them.


text:
Sally L. Satel, M.D.
Sally Satel was educated at Cornell University and the University of Chicago. She is a lecturer at the Yale University School of Medicine and a Staff Psychiatrist at the Oasis Clinic in Washington, DC. Satel is the author of PC, M.D.: How Political Correctness Is Corrupting Medicine and has written numerous articles on health issues that have appeared in dozens of academic journals, as well as The Wall Street Journal, The New Republic, The New York Times, and SLATE.
PC, M.D.: How Political Correctness Is Corrupting Medicine (Basic Books, 2000)
ONE NATION UNDER THERAPY: HOW THE HELPING CULTURE IS ERODING SELF-RELIANCE (with Christina Sommers View Bio)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Can you think of your last difficult conversation? Did it go well? If your answer is no, you are not alone! They often don't go smoothly…which is why we go to tremendous efforts to avoid having them!
The problem stems from the fact that a difficult issue will always get bigger and become more dangerous if we don't deal with them. By avoiding it, the issue will fester, increase in pressure until it explodes.
Here are some tips to help you have more successful Courageous Conversations….
This is the first Video in a series which are intended to help you become more comfortable in an uncomfortable scenario.


We have so much to celebrate—more than 168,000 visitors, more than 127,000 books and 40,000 movies checked out during the last nine months, and gold LEED certification for environmentally friendly features. Join us for fun, food and music along with the unveiling of A Green Story, the Fox River Mural at 2 p.m. This beautiful tile mural celebrates the natural life along the Fox River. The last opportunity to purchase a tile with your own personal inscription will be July 31. Please visit www.gailborden.info/store/ to check tile availability.
Discover the history of comic books, take a look at comics-related toys, games and statues from the 1920's to today, then try your hand at drawing comics!
Comic Book Mania! Convention* All ages. Saturday, July 10 10 a.m. – 4 p.m. No registration or admission fee. Guest Artists: Read Elgin resident Will Lytle's blog from www.gailborden.info as he pursues his quest to be the youngest solo kayaker to travel the length of the Mississippi River this summer. Reading the blog can count toward the summer reading program!
Best Costume Competition All ages. 2:30 p.m.
Starman Film Festival - All Day!
Marvel/DC Tournament 1:15 p.m. Kids entering 3rd grade and up can register for either tournament at gailborden.info/ register, at the Youth Help Desk or by calling 847-429-4685. Prizes will be awarded.
Presented by Dr. Terrence Wandtke Associate Professor of Literature and Media, Judson University Tuesday, July 13 7 – 8 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Author of The Amazing Transforming Superhero: Essays on the Revision of Characters in Comic Books, Film, and Television, Dr. Wandtke looks at how superheroes have changed through the years and how events in American history as well as characteristics of graphic novels have influenced the development of superheroes. Please register. *This project is made possible by a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. The Institute of Museum and Library Services is the primary source of federal support for the nation's 123,000 libraries and 17,500 museums. The Institute's mission is to create strong libraries and museums that connect people to information and ideas.
Three ways to register: • Online at gailborden.info/register •	In person at the Early Learning or Youth Center Help Desk •	Call 847-429-4595 Programs take place at the Main Library unless otherwise noted.
Register for the 2010 summer reading program by July 23 at the Main Library or Rakow Branch or online at gailborden.info. The last day to finish the summer reading programs and receive all prizes is August 7.
Age 2 – kindergarten July 5 – July 27 Mondays 2 or 7 p.m. Tuesdays 9:30 or 11 a.m. No registration required. 30 minutes of puppets, stories, movies and music. Nedrob returns from outer space and meets friends and heroes in the neighborhood. On July 12, the Family Picnic replaces the 7 p.m. Next Door Neighbor Storytime.
Un programa para la familia Comenzando el 7 de Julio al 28 de Julio Los miércoles a las 7 de la noche No se requiere registracíon. Nedrob regresa del espacio y conoce amigos y heroes en la vecindad. ¡30 minutos de marionetas, cuentos, películas, manualidades, juegos, música y más!
Grades 1 – 2 July 5 – July 29 Mondays 2 p.m. Thursdays 10 a.m. No registration required.
Learn about all kinds of heroes—real and imaginary, human and not—through stories, games, crafts and more in this 45-minute program. Grades 3 – 5 July 1 – July 29 Thursdays 10 a.m. No registration required. Tuck in your cape and join the fun! Bring your imagination to life like never before with action-packed fun, solving puzzles and experiencing new quests.
School-aged children July 7 – July 28 Wednesdays 2 – 3:30 p.m. No registration required. Enjoy a variety of activities at the Main Library including Wii video games, crafts, board games and more.
Boys and girls age 6 and older Thursdays, July 8, August 12 3 – 4:30 p.m. (drop in anytime) South Storyroom No registration required. Bring your collections to show or trade or learn how you can start collecting and trading. Earn free cards by answering trivia questions.
cards you no longer want to the Sports Trading Card Club. Contact Carol Skelton at 847-608-5011 or cskelton@gailborden.info.
Elementary age children Main Library: Saturdays, July 10, August 14 10, 10:30, 11 or 11:30 a.m. Registration required. Practice reading skills by cuddling up with a good book and reading aloud to a fully trained and certified therapy dog. Register for a 20-minute session. Please call 847-429-4595 or visit gailborden.info to check if space is available.
Find The Library on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube!
Bring a picnic supper to the library's west lawn at 6 p.m. Beverage and dessert will be provided by the library. No registration required.
Monday, July 12 6:30 p.m. Touch and climb real city vehicles and meet the City of Elgin's heroes who drive the firetrucks, ambulances, police and public works vehicles. In the event of inclement weather, this program will be canceled.
Monday, August 9 7 p.m. Dance and sing with D.J. Carlos from Highland School. Enjoy Latin music, interactive songs and games. In case of inclement weather, tickets will be needed for the 7 p.m. performance and will be handed out on a first-come, first-served basis at the Greeter Desk beginning at 6 p.m. on the evening of the performance.
Children ages 5 to 8 years old, please bring a caregiver of at least 14 years of age.
Comic Book Trivia Competition Grades 3 – 8 Thursday, July 22 7 – 8:30 p.m. Registration required. Put your knowledge to the test playing Wheel of Borden Comic Book Trivia. Compete to win valuable collectible comic books. Everyone will receive a prize.
Family Event Tuesday, July 27 7 – 8 p.m. No registration required. Representatives from Animal House Shelter, No Splitting Hares and Hooved Animal Rescue and Protection Society will share their stories. You'll meet dogs, rabbits and a horse!
All ages. Kids, please bring an adult. Sunday, August 1 2 – 3:30 p.m. Registration required. Hawthorne Hill Nature Center naturalist April Anderson will lead a walk to find, catch and learn about insects of summer. Insects will be released back into their habitat unharmed.
Build It Up! Trash to Treasures: Children's Flea Market Sellers entering grades 2 – 9 (all ages welcome to buy) Friday, July 16 1:30 – 3 p.m. Northeast parking lot Advance registration in person as a parental permission slip must be signed. Bring your old treasures to sell and earn some spending money. Nothing will be priced over $4. Rain date is Friday, July 23.
Children younger than 12, please bring an adult. Saturday, July 17 10:30 a.m. Community Rooms No registration required. A fun, interactive show filled with music, stories and humor for the whole family.
District residents - August 23 Out of district residents - August 30 Visit gailborden.info, pick up a flier in the Early Learning Center, or call 847-429-4595.
Children younger than 8, please bring an adult. Thursday, August 19 2 p.m. Community Rooms Registration begins Monday, August 2. Children are invited to bring their imaginations and building abilities to a fun-filled building block program. Building materials provided.
With Artist Doug Klauba Grades 3 – 5 Thursday, August 12 3 – 4 p.m. Community Rooms Registration required. Doug Klauba illustrates many superheros and villains including the Phantom, Superman and Zorro. In this energetic workshop, participants will create their own super hero or super bad guy. Class size is limited to 25. Participants should bring their own pencils and thin black markers.
Sponsored by the Rotary Club of Elgin.
Preschool and school-aged children Tuesdays in July and August No registration required. Drop in anytime on Tuesdays for fun activities such as LEGOS, coloring sheets, games and sidewalk chalk.
Saturday, July 24 11 a.m. No registration required. Bring a brown bag lunch and enjoy some buggy stories. Then join Ms. April from the Hawthorn Hill Nature Center on a bug hunt around the building. Drinks provided.
Elementary age children Saturdays, July 31, August 28 10, 10:30, 11 or 11:30 a.m. Registration required. Practice reading skills by reading aloud to a fully trained and certified therapy dog. Register for a 20-minute session. Please call 847-429-4595 or visit gailborden.info for available space.
Advance registration is required for all teen activities.
Thursday, July 1 2 – 3:30 p.m. Relax and enjoy making your own bath and beauty products while sipping on a homemade smoothie.
Thursday, July 15 2 – 3 p.m. Design your own wallet using colored tape, discarded graphic novels, manga, teen magazines and your imagination.
Thursday, July 22 2 – 4 p.m. Explore the Halo universe with eight anime shorts from prominent Japanese anime producers.
Thursday, July 29 2 – 5 p.m. Tear up the track as Mario, Luigi or your favorite Nintendo character and race to the finish line to see if you'll be our tournament winner.
With Artist Doug Klauba Thursday, August 12 4:30 – 5:30 p.m. Community Rooms Doug Klauba's paintings and drawings have been recognized for their heroic-deco style and have included the Phantom, Superman and Zorro. His illustrations have been used for posters, ads, book covers, magazines and calendars. In this energetic workshop, he will discuss super heros and villains, then brainstorm with participants to help them create their own super hero or super bad guy. Class size is limited to 25. Participants should bring their own pencils and thin black markers.
Grades 6 – 8 Applications available August 2. Enthusiastic middle school students are needed to serve on a teen advisory board to brainstorm library program ideas, make suggestions for teen materials, help with special projects and more. Meetings held once a month at the library. Contact Jennifer Bueche at jbueche@gailborden.info or call 847-429-5973 with questions.
Grades 7 – 10 Applications, available at the Youth Center Help Desk August 16, require a parent's signature. Volunteens spend one hour each week in the Youth Center preparing craft materials, scanning books, shelving materials and doing other tasks. Sessions begin in September.
Programs take place at the Main Library unless otherwise noted. Meeting Rooms 1 and 2 are located on the second floor.
Tuesday, July 6 7 p.m. Meeting Room 2 William Phillips is vice president of the Greater Chicago Region of the Jane Austen Society of North America. He will discuss meals enjoyed by the gentry in Austen's day, how dishes were prepared in the early 19th century and how Austen used food and eating to develop character and create comic situations. No registration required.
Pride and Prejudice Book Discussion Tuesday, August 3 7 p.m. Meeting Room 2 No registration required.
Super-Couponing with Coupon Queen Jill Cataldo Super-Couponing 1* Thursday, July 8 7 – 8:30 p.m. Community Rooms Change the way you shop by discovering the secrets of couponing. Find out which stores let shoppers multi-stack coupons, how to track sales and discounts online and, best of all, how to get stores to pay you to shop. This is a prerequisite to Super-Couponing 2. Registration required.
Super-Couponing 2: Saving on Everything!* An Advanced Class Thursday, August 26 7 – 8:30 p.m. Community Rooms Learn how to combine multiple discounts, store promotions and coupons to maximize grocery savings. Coupon Queen Jill Cataldo will also teach you how to apply Super-Couponing principles to clothing, toys, housewares and many other items, saving up to 90% off regular prices. Super-Couponing 1 is recommended as a prerequisite. Registration required.
Bring your lunch or buy it at LaTazza Café and enjoy a short introduction of highlights as Gail Borden's own Bob Cassinelli reveals little-known trivia about the featured film. Coffee and tea will be served. No registration. Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941) Monday, July 12 Special Start Time! 10:30 a.m. – 12 noon Summer Stock (1950) Monday, August 9 11 a.m. – 12:45 p.m.
Presented by Dr. Jason Y. Hui Monday, July 19 7 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Dr. Hui will explain why diets don't work, why eating fat doesn't make you fat, what hormones are out of control in your body, how you can regain energy and vitality and much more. Discover the library's collection of health-related books, DVDs and other resources. Please register.
Presented by Healthcare Professional Sue Salach Monday, August 16 7 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Do you have problems saying "no"? Do you find your hand up even before anyone has asked for a volunteer? Do you find it difficult to keep up with your calendar? Sue Salach will talk about healthy ways to create boundaries without all of the guilt. Please register.
Drawing From Experience in Commercial Art and Publishing* With Artist Doug Klauba Thursday, August 12 7 – 8 p.m. Community Rooms Professional illustrator Doug Klauba will discuss his experiences working with publishers, authors and various clients in producing commercial art for magazines, books and comic books as well as provide insight into the creative process he uses for his work. Time permitting, he will give one-on-one portfolio reviews, so bring your work to share. Please register. Photo Release - All program participants agree to be photographed during library activities and programs for use in future library publications.
With Human Resource Management Consultant Tom Hovany Wednesday, July 28 6:30 – 8:30 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Learn about the job interview process and how to prepare for successful interviewing. Please register.
Tuesdays, August 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 1 – 2 p.m. Meeting Room 2 Bring your job-related questions to these open discussion meetings. Learn, share, and network! Please register.
With Kathleen Callahan, Program Director of Community Based Job Training, Elgin Community College Wednesday, August 4 6:30 – 8 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Career tuition assistance + Specialized training = Healthcare job! Learn about education and training needed for healthcare careers. Please register.
Thursday, August 5 7 – 8:30 p.m. Meeting Room 1 Learn how to prepare your online application in this bilingual program, presented in English and Spanish. Please register.
Bicycles on Parade - Art in Motion 2010 Pick up a Tour d' ArtBike Competition Passport at Gail Borden Library and head out to the downtown area to see what local artists have done to transform bicycles into works of art. Fill out the passport entry form with at least 10 names of bicycles in the competition for a chance to win an LCD TV, Nintendo Wii, Taste of Elgin Basket and more! Entry forms can be put in the drop-off box on the Greeter Desk at the library until 5 p.m. July 11. Voting for the Community's Favorite Bicycle will take place from July 12 to 29 at 5 p.m. online at gailborden.info or at the library, where all bicycles in the competition will be on display. After the voting, there are two ways you can own one of these works of art, by silent auction July 31 or live auction August 1 at 1 p.m. at Art & Soul on the Fox 2010 Festival.
Presented by Jeanette Via, Microsoft Office Specialist Certified, and a Spanish-speaking Lab Assistant. To register, bring your Gail Borden Library card to the Computer Center in advance. Students are encouraged to bring their own laptops. Classes are free and held in the Computer Training Room.
Presentado por Jeanette Via, Especialista Certificada de Microsoft Office, y un asistente que habla español. Para inscribirse, traiga por adelantado su tarjeta de la Biblioteca Gail Borden al Centro de Computación. Exhortamos a los estudiantes a que traigan sus propias computadoras portátiles. Las clases serán en el Salón de Entrenamiento de Computación. Todas las clases son gratis.
Saturday, July 17 or August 21 10 a.m. – 12 noon Start Windows programs, type in a Windows program and issue program commands using a menu bar and toolbar.
Saturday, July 17 or August 21 1 – 3 p.m. Create a new document using Word, then learn how to edit using various commands and print your document.
Saturday, July 24 10 a.m. – 12 noon Learn about the Windows Control Panel and how to browse, move, copy and delete folders and files on the computer.
Saturday, July 24 1 – 3 p.m. Identify hands-off operating systems folders, backup, restore and recover files through a variety of methods.
Wednesday, August 28 10 a.m. – 12 noon Learn how to browse, open, copy, create and restore files.
sábado, 17 de julio o 21 de agosto 10 a.m. – 12 mediodía Inicie los programas de Windows, escriba en un programa de Windows, y ejerza comandos utilizando la barra del menú y la barra de herramientas.
sábado, 17 de julio o 21 de agosto 1 – 3 p.m. Cree un documento nuevo usando el programa de Word, luego aprenda cómo editarlo usando varios comandos, e imprima su documento.
sábado, 24 de julio 10 a.m. – 12 mediodía Conozca el Panel de Control de Windows y aprenda a buscar, mover, copiar y borrar archivos y documentos en la computadora.
sábado, 24 de julio 1 – 3 p.m. Identifique los archivos de los sistemas operativos, y haga copias de seguridad, restaure y recupere archivos a través de una variedad de métodos.
Manejando los Archivos de la Computadora miércoles, 28 de agosto 10 a.m. – 12 mediodía Aprenda cómo buscar, abrir, copiar, crear y restaurar archivos.
Thursdays, July 15, August 19 2:30 – 4:30 p.m. Computer Training Room No registration required. Do you have questions about computer hardware? Is there something you'd like to do using computer software but not sure where to begin? Stop by for one-on-one assistance. If your question relates to a portable device such as a laptop, digital camera or MP3 player, please bring it along.
THE MAIN LIBRARY AND RAKOW BRANCH WILL BE CLOSED: Sunday, July 4, for the holiday. Both will re-open Monday, July 5.
Monday - Thursday 9 a.m. - 9 p.m. Friday - Saturday 9 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Sunday 1 - 5:30 p.m.
Monday - Wednesday 9 a.m. - 8 p.m. Saturday 9 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Sunday 1 - 5:30 p.m.
This newsletter contains recycled paper and is printed with soy-based ink.
September is Library Card Sign-up Month! Join Gail Borden Library in our effort to put more library cards in people's hands during September! It's easy—local businesses give a small discount during September when shown a Gail Borden Library card. It's a win-win situation when more people in the community use their library card and local businesses see more people come through the door. During September, the names of participating businesses are posted in the library rotunda, an area that welcomes approximately 3,000 people each day, and are listed in the library's November/ December Explorer newsletter, which is mailed to about 53,000 households and businesses. To become a participating business, contact Liz Clemmons at 847-429-4698.


This highly detailed miniature model of the E-Class makes an eye-catching addition to any collection. The hand-assembled precision model is finished in an authentic paintwork colour and features a high-quality printed interior with accurately replicated interior details. The doors, bonnet and boot can be opened, allowing closer inspection of the car's interior. The model, which depicts an AMG Line variant with panoramic roof, LED Intelligent Light System and 50.8 cm (20-inch) multi-spoke AMG light-alloy wheels, is supplied in Mercedes-Benz designer packaging. The packaging includes a screwdriver for releasing the model and a glove to prevent fingerprints on the windows or paintwork.


The Service and its original content, features and functionality are and will remain the exclusive property of Official Karmen Karma and its licensors.
Our Service may contain links to third-party web sites or services that are not owned or controlled by Official Karmen Karma.
Official Karmen Karma has no control over, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third party web sites or services. You further acknowledge and agree that Official Karmen Karma shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or services available on or through any such web sites or services.


The idea for the mural at the courthouse came from District Court Judge Susan Jonas, who saw the residents' artistic potential after seeing a mural they created and entered into the 2009 ArtPrize in Grand Rapids.
If you had just one hour to go anywhere in the community, where would you go and what would you do?
This was the question posed to residents of the Ottawa County Juvenile Detention Center as part of an art project in coordination with the Ottawa County District Court in Holland. The goal was to get the teens to think about their community and their role in it.
Residents were then asked by art teacher Angie Briggs-Johnson, who works with the juvenile center through a contract with the Ottawa Area Intermediate School District, to put those thoughts on paper in the form of drawings.
For Jordan-Marie Viet, 17, who took part in the project, the experience really got her to reflect on the city she grew up in.
"I just thought about the community," she said. As a 17-year-old, her first thought of what she would do was go shopping.
"To be honest I said the store," she said with a laugh. The exercise, she said, brought a group of kids with troubled pasts together to do something for the community.
With more than 100 residents creating the drawings, Briggs-Johnson compiled a handful of those that seemed to best represent everyone and is now turning them into a three-part mural to be displayed at the district court.
The idea for the mural at the courthouse came from District Court Judge Susan Jonas, who saw the residents' artistic potential after seeing a mural they created and entered into the 2009 ArtPrize in Grand Rapids. That mural is hanging on the walls of the courthouse in Fillmore.
The art program at the detention center is a way for the teens there to have an outlet. Art comes naturally to many of them, who at some point in their past may have been a part of a gang, tagging buildings with graffiti.
The mural will be dedicated at a ceremony coinciding with the start of Law Week Monday, May 4, at 4:30 p.m. at the district court building in Holland, located at 57 W. Eighth St.
This art dedication is open to the public. For information about other Law Week events, visit www.miottawa.org.
— Follow this reporter on Twitter @SentinelCurtis.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
  <s:Body>
    <u:GetInsightParams xmlns:u="urn:Belkin:service:insight:1"></u:GetInsightParams>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
9/11 Conspiracy Authenticity
Home » Must Read » 9/11 Conspiracy Authenticity
By Parhlo
Self proclaimed the "9/11 Truth Movement," various groups and individuals have been propagating several different conspiracy theories regarding the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (pictured above).
One such theory claims that the attack was a false-flag operation carried out by the U.S. government in conjunction with other world leaders.
The 2007 documentaryZeitgeist, the Movie by Peter Joseph contains a section, entitled All the World's a Stage, devoted to unraveling the commonly-accepted account of what happened on 9/11.
Alleging that the Bush Administration knew of the planned attacks before they occurred, the film claims that the attacks were deliberately executed to justify the United States' war on terror and obscure its real goals of economic gain and increased control over the population.
Supporters of a controlled-demolition theory argue that only the detonation of planted explosives, not the impact of aircraft, could have resulted in a complete collapse of the Twin Towers.
Another theory, brought forth by Morgan Reynolds, who served as an economist for the Department of Labor during Bush's time in office, suggests that no planes were involved in the attacks at all and that video footage of the attacks was doctored.
This theory is widely rejected even by 9/11 conspiracy theorists, although David Shayler, a journalist and former member of the British security service MI5, supports Reynolds' stance, stating that the airplanes seen on the video were actually missiles surrounded by holograms.
These, and other similar versions of the events of September 11, 2001, are dismissed as unsubstantiated by the government, engineering organizations, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), but a thriving Internet community devoted to conspiracy theories continues to keep the faith.
Child Pornography: Here's All You Need to Know About the 'Dark Web'
Flight MH17's weirdest conspiracy
The United States Senator John McCain – ISIS Conspiracy


text:
Flim Star
BIRTHDAY May 11, 1978
BORN PLACE France
BIRTH SIGN Taurus
Laetitia Casta Bio
EDIT/Suggest of Laetitia Casta
Who is Laetitia Casta
A French actress and model who gained the recognition after working for Victoria's Secret Angel in 1998 till 2000 and as a spokesperson for L'oreal.
Early Life (Childhood)
Her father is from Corsica and mother is from Normandy, thus spent her childhood in these two places.
She has blue eyes and full curvaceous figure. She was discovered by an agent when she was 15 while lying in the beach with her family. She has brown belt. She had once invited a homeless man for dinner in hotel while in London.
She had dated with photographer Stephane Sednaoui and gave birth to his daughter in 2001. She is engaged to Italian actor Stefano Accorsi and has two children from him.
NETWORTH And ACHIEVEMENT
was the "Marianne" in her town hall which has been the French tradition. Has been the winner of several awards and reconized for her performances.
The rumor on her split is on the news but is not the truth.
Height of Laetitia Casta
Height in Feet
Height in Inch
Height in Meter
Height in CentiMeter
5 Feet 7 Inch height inFrance
5 Feet 7 Inch height ofFlim Star
5 Feet 7 Inch height ofTaurus
5 Feet 7 Inch height ofFemale
People Born On 1978 People Born On December 11 More on Flim Star
Related Bio
Miriam Shor
An American television actress,film actress and threater actress and singer. She is best known after her performance in the rock musical Hedwig. She is also starred in number of televison series like Swingtown, Younger.
Miriam Shor Biography
Cierra Ramirez
A charming, beautiful and gorgeous American actress who played movies like Star and Stella Save the World, Girl in Progress as well as various television series like CSI: Miami, Desperate Housewives and so on.Beside acting she is a singer also.
Cierra Ramirez Biography
An American actress and also a film director who is best known for appearing in the horror movies especially in the Halloween series noticed for her screams in the movies.
Danielle Andrea Harris Biography
Alanna Masterson
Alanna Masterson is a beautiful American actress. She is mainly known for her role in the television series The Walking Dead as Tara Chambler. She also appeared in the film Peach Plum Pear in the role of Dora Bell Hutchinson.
Alanna Masterson Biography


text:
Pepper J. Keenan (8 de mayo de 1967), es un guitarrista y vocalista estadounidense, popular por su trabajo con las bandas Corrosion of Conformity y Down. Se unió a Corrosion of Conformity en 1989, pero no se convirtió en el vocalista de la banda hasta 1994 en el lanzamiento de Deliverance. En 1991 formó la agrupación Down junto a Phil Anselmo de Pantera, Jimmy Bower de Eyehategod y Kirk Windstein y Todd Strange de Crowbar. Esta figurado en el puesto 73 en el listado Los 100 mejores vocalistas del Metal de todos los tiempos.

Discografía

Corrosion of Conformity

Down

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Corrosion of Conformity
 Alberta Stars

Músicos de heavy metal
Guitarristas de heavy metal
Cantantes masculinos de Estados Unidos
Cantantes de heavy metal de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Oxford

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"Ross Lort"
Mortimer-Lamb House
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/permalink/landmark494
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Civic Address
5180 Glencarin Drive
The Mortimer-Lamb House is a one and one half-storey, Arts and Crafts-style residence with a steeply pitched, side-gabled roof. The original cottage form has been enlarged with a later addition on the west side of the house. Located next to the Burnaby Lake Regional Park Wildlife Rescue Care Centre…
Associated Dates
Formal Recognition
Community Heritage Register
Harold & Katherine Mortimer-Lamb Residence
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Enactment Type
Council Resolution
Enactment Date
The Mortimer-Lamb House is a one and one half-storey, Arts and Crafts-style residence with a steeply pitched, side-gabled roof. The original cottage form has been enlarged with a later addition on the west side of the house. Located next to the Burnaby Lake Regional Park Wildlife Rescue Care Centre, the house has picturesque views of Burnaby Lake.
Heritage Value
Built circa 1922, the Mortimer-Lamb House is valued for its association with first owners, Harold Mortimer-Lamb (1872-1970), and his wife, Katherine Mary Mortimer-Lamb (1873-1939). Born in Leatherhead, Surrey, England, Harold Mortimer-Lamb immigrated to Canada in 1889. Seven years later in Vancouver, he married Katherine Mary Lindsay, a native of Winnipeg. Mortimer-Lamb was a key figure in the B.C. mining industry, serving as Secretary of the Mining Association of B.C. between 1900 and 1945, and also as the Secretary of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In addition to his professional life, Mortimer-Lamb was a pioneer art photographer and was among Canada's leading art critics, and this house served as a central gathering place for renowned Canadian artists of the day. Mortimer-Lamb's daughter, Molly Lamb Bobak (born 1922), became a renowned watercolourist, and was the only woman ever hired as an official Canadian war artist. The Mortimer-Lamb House is a significant example of the work of noted architect, Samuel Maclure (1860-1929) and his partner, Ross Lort (1889-1969). Maclure, who was a close friend of the Mortimer-Lamb family, was British Columbia's leading residential architect, and was renowned for his high quality designs for prominent citizens in both Vancouver and Victoria. Maclure was a leading exponent of the Art and Crafts design movement in B.C., and established a sophisticated local variation of residential architecture. The Mortimer-Lamb House was designed at the time when Maclure was in partnership with Ross Lort. In 1907, Lort began working for Maclure's firm as a draftsman, and by 1920 was in charge of Maclure's Vancouver office. Lort's architectural career spanned some sixty-years, and he designed some of the province's most familiar houses, apartments, institutions and places of worship. The Mortimer-Lamb House is also a significant local example of the Arts and Crafts style, and incorporates elements such as board-and-batten siding on the ground floor, shingled gables and leaded casement windows. It is a testament to the domestic architecture built outside of established suburbs during the post-First World War era, typically modest in scale and representative of middle-class residential ideals.
Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage character of the Mortimer-Lamb House include its: - treed setting with views of Burnaby Lake - residential form, scale and massing as expressed by its one and one-half storey height, rectangular plan and steeply pitched side-gabled roof - wood-frame construction - Arts and Crafts elements such as board-and-batten siding on the ground floor, cedar shingles in the gables and open soffits - original straight-leaded casement windows in single and multiple-assembly - internal red-brick chimney with corbelled cap
Burnaby Lake Area
Harold Mortimer-Lamb
Katherine Mary Mortimer-Lamb
Molly Bobak
Mining Association of B.C.
G.F. and J. Galt Limited
Samuel Maclure
Ross Lort
Primary Historic--Single Dwelling
Primary Current--Single Dwelling
Cadastral Identifier
P.I.D.002-977-788
The Mortimer-Lamb House is comprised of a single residential lot located at 5180 Glencairn Drive, Burnaby.
Contributing Resource
City of Burnaby Planning and Building Department, Heritage Site Files
Burnaby - Glencarin Drive
St. John the Divine Anglican Church
St. John the Divine Anglican Church is a landmark wood-frame Gothic Revival church, with Gothic windows and spire. It is located on Kingsway, one of Burnaby's main commercial thoroughfares, near the SkyTrain transit line and across the street from Central Park.
St. John the Divine Anglican Church is valued as a symbol of the traditions of early Burnaby pioneers and as the oldest surviving church building in the city. Established in 1899, St. John was the first church in the community and was located at a prominent intersection of the old Vancouver-Westminster Road (now Kingsway) and the British Columbia Electric Railway's interurban station at Central Park. This prominent intersection of the road and rail developed as the town centre of the Central Park district. The first St. John church was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt at the same location in 1904-05. This church is additionally significant for its association with prominent local architect Joseph Henry Bowman (1864-1943) who emigrated from England in 1888. Bowman was a member of the parish, and designed both the first church and its subsequent replacement. Bowman's prolific career embraced many stylistic changes and technological advances, and this church is a surviving example of one of his rare religious commissions. The design of the new church's nave and vestry was based on the Gothic Revival style of Christ Church Anglican in Surrey, B.C., which had been the former church of St. John's incumbent Rev. William Bell. Evolving over time as the congregation grew, the church received a number of early additions, and in 1953 was substantially renovated and enlarged through a new design by Vancouver architect Ross Lort. The original church nave was separated from the tower and turned to allow for a large addition. The congregation relocated to a new church in 1998, and at that time removed the church's memorial windows, leaving behind a number of the original art glass windows installed in the 1920s. The church building was renovated in 2004-05, and surviving original elements were retained and restored, including of the original church tower and interior chancel ceiling. A valued feature of the building is the original cast iron church bell that remains in the tower. It was purchased by the children of the congregation in 1912, and in 1924 was rededicated on Armistice Day as a memorial to Burnaby resident Lt. James Donald McRae Reid, who died in the First World War.
Key elements that define the heritage character of St. John the Divine Anglican Church include its: - location on the north side of Kingsway, opposite Central Park - ecclesiastical form, scale and massing as expressed by the offset tower and tall, gabled roof - tower with its original horizontal wooden drop siding, bellcast square roof with octagonal drum above and bellcast octagonal spire - cedar shingle roof cladding - metal cross at peak of spire - Gothic Revival details such as: Gothic lancet windows with leaded stained glass panels; Gothic entrance door at the base of the tower; pointed-arch louvers in the tower; and exterior gable end scissor-trusses - interior features such as wooden scissor-trusses with diagonal fir tongue and groove panelling on the ceiling above, fir tongue-and-groove panelling on the wall of the nave, and original cedar and fir pews and altar rails - cast iron bell in tower
Garden Village Area
Lt. James Donald McRae Reid
Joesph Henry Bowman
Primary Historic--Place of Worship
Primary Current--Place of Worship
St. John the Divine Anglican Church is comprised of a single institutional lot located at 3891 Kingway, Burnaby.
Name Access
St John the Divine Anglican Church
Burnaby - 3891 Kingsway
Central Park p. 25
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/permalink/museumlibrary6266-25
Burnaby Village Museum
Burnaby's Heritage
South Burnaby
ST. JOHN THE DIVINE ANGLICAN CHURCH 3895 Kingsway Joseph H. Bowman, Architect, 1904-05 Ross Lort, Architect, Addition in 1953 Heritage Register: Inventory opposite page: St Johns c. 1905 [BCA] below: St. Johns o. 1912 [BCA] Established in 1899, St. John was the first church in the
1 Digital Chapter
Original Book
Catalogue record for source book
Read The Book Online
Burnaby Lake p. 81
Crofts style, employing elements such os Gboord-ond-botten ground floor, shingled gables, and leaded casement windows. The large addition on the west side ot the house was completed in 1956. The house was designed while Samuel Maclure was in partnership with Ross Lort (1889-1969), who began working
Una Patience Carlson p. 360
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/permalink/museumlibrary6180-360
Pioneer Tales of Burnaby
Part III: 1911-1920
properly written. The front page of Vol. Ill, No. 37 dated Thursday, August 6, 1925 carries two main stories - one an account of a Boy Scout camp at Grantham's Landing under the leadership of Commissioner Day, scoutmasters Corbett and Rutland, and assistant scoutmaster, Ross Lort. "Only a misanthrope
Mabel McClean Hawkshaw p. 360
Burnaby Heritage Planning 2
Burnaby Village Museum 4
Book Chapter 4
Landmark Description 2
St John the Divine Anglican Church 1
Burnaby - 3891 Kingsway 1
Burnaby - Glencarin Drive 1
Digital Book 4


text:
Solemn Pontifical Mass for the Feast of the Purifi...
Candlemas in the Dominican Rite
Vestments from the Era of Pope Clement VIII
Cardinal Koch: "The Crisis of the Church is Above ...
Implement the Motu Proprio: A Bishop Speaks
An Other Modern Requiem Missal
Review: Two Editions of the CTS New Sunday Missal
Mass of Reception from Mount Calvary, Baltimore (A...
4th Sunday of the Year, Simple English Propers
Four Missals Reviewed (Part 3 of 3)
Murals by John Singer Sargent at the Boston Public...
A Review of "The Dorchester Review"
Crisis Magazine on the Vatican II Hymnal
Details: Ambrosian Reliquary
Mozarabic Liturgy Celebrated by Archbishop of Tole...
The Singing Priest
Pugin: God's Own Architect
The Sacred Liturgy: The Neglected Foundation to Bu...
Thomas More College Installs New Altar, Places Tab...
The Other Modern: Slovak Girls' Academy, Pennsylvania
The Musical Shape of the Liturgy
Vatican Approval for Neo-Catechumenal Way Only App...
NLM Quiz no. 10: What is this Book? The Answer
The Third Sunday in Ordinary Time, Simple Propers
Maryvale Institute Offers Course on Sacred Art at ...
Russian Liturgical Chant
Sint-Andriesabdij, Bruges
Superior of Spanish Priestly Society on the Promot...
The Sacred Liturgy in New France
The Entrance Defines Space and Time
The Two Feasts of St. Peter's Chair
John Hunwicke's Latin Sermon from Newman's Pulpit ...
St. Cecilia in Stained Glass
Anglican Ordinariate in England Celebrates 1st Ann...
Antependium, Santa Maria Della Salute, Venice
A "Conference Room Tomb" outside Turin
The Benedictine Arrangement in Homiletic and Pasto...
Second Sunday, Simple English Propers
Magister on the Neocatechumenal Way Liturgy
Wood Carvings by Johannes Kirchmayer
The Meaning and Prayers of the Mass: Church of Our...
Solemn Mass, Legnano
The Ancient Origins of the Nativity Scene (Part 2)
Vespers for the Theophany at St. Michael's Russian...
Dominican Gradual of 1950 Reprinted
Missa Cantata at Broughton Hall
St. Bede the Venerable Parish, Holland, Pennsylvania
The Continuing Papal Witness to the Suitability of...
"Orienting" the Sacred Liturgy
St. Louis Catholic Church, Memphis
EF Mass at Roman Basilica of Opus Dei
Epiphany, Holy Family and Joan of Arc
New England College Adopts "Simple English Propers...
A New Una Voce Chapter for Southern Ontario Residents
The Byzantine Blessing of Water on the Vigil of th...
English Propers for Epiphany
FIUV in Rome: Mass and Homily of Cardinal Castrill...
Epiphany Customs and Blessings (NLM Reprint)
Book Arts: Modern Illuminators and Potentialities ...
Solemn Mass in Prestigious Parisian Basilica of St...
Antiphons in the Roman Missal vs. the Roman Gradual
On the Vesture of Deacon and Subdeacon in the Domi...
The Santo Bambino of Aracœli
A Monk of Le Barroux on the Monastic Vocation
Should An Icon Be Veiled?
Midnight Mass, St. George Cathedral, Southwark, Lo...
Gospel Canticles in Dominican Chant
Publication of the Date of Easter on the Day of th...
Top Ten Things I've Learned about Sacred Music
One of the most ancient iconographic traditions in the depiction of Christ's Nativity is the placement of an ox and an ass near the manger in which He was laid by His Mother. No such animals are mentioned in the Gospel, and yet they consistently appear in the scene from very early times; indeed, some early images of the Nativity show only the Christ Child in the manger, with the ox and the ass nearby, leaving out Mary, Joseph, the angels, the shepherds, the Magi, the star and even the stable. The presence of the two animals was evidently enough to indicate which event of the life of Christ was being depicted, leaving the viewer to supply the rest of the story for himself. (Such highly succinct and simplified images are typical of much early Christian art.)
The so-called Sarcophagus of Stilicho, in the Basilica of St. Ambrose in Milan. ca. 400 A.D.
The first surviving source referring to them in connection with the birth of Christ is the thirteenth homily on the Gospel of St. Luke by Origen, who states that the manger in which Christ was laid "was that very one, which the prophet foretold, saying, 'The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's manger.' " (Isaiah 1, 3. The word for master, 'kyriou', is also of course the word for 'Lord', here in the possessive case.) For Origen, the ox, a clean animal, symbolizes the people of Israel, while the unclean ass symbolizes the gentiles, who nevertheless know the manger of their Lord, while, as the prophet himself goes on to say in the same verse, "Israel hath not known me, and my people hath not understood."
The same homily ends with the exhortation, "Having understood this manger, let us strive to know the Lord, and become worthy of the knowledge of Him, and to receive His birth, the resurrection of His flesh, and also His glorious return in majesty; to Him be glory and dominion unto all ages. Amen." When speaking of the importance of knowing the Lord in His birth and His resurrection, Origen here touches upon the most crucial doctrine of the Christian faith in the ancient world: not the divinity of Christ, but the humanity of God.
This fundamental dogma of Christianity was a teaching entirely alien to the mind of the ancient world. The absolutely transcendent One of Plato could not take such interest in the welfare of the human race as to join it; and the impersonal Prime Mover of Aristotle could not become a Person. Hence the myriad Christological heresies in the early centuries of the Church, all of them variations on a single theme. Accepting the mindset of the age, which taught that the divine nature is alien and separate on all levels from the human, each heretic claimed that something must lack in some way from either the fullness of Christ's divinity, or the fullness of His humanity. Origen, therefore, is indirectly refuting such heretics, particularly the Gnostics, who were widespread throughout the Church in his time, and particularly in Egypt, where he preached these homilies. The true knowledge of the Christian is for him knowing the reality of God's birth, resurrection, and by inference suffering and death. To the mind of the heretics, all these corporeal realities are entirely incompatible with Divinity, and this "fact" is the basic tenet which the "Gnostics", i.e."Knowers", claimed to know.
(pictured right: a rare image of 'Master Origen', from the church of St. Peter in Hamburg, Germany, 1383. Although Origen was branded a heretic by the Fifth Ecumenical Council, many of his works were approved by various authorities, most notably Cassiodorus, and widely read in the Divine Office in the West before the Tridentine Reform.)
Prophetic confirmation of the belief that God became knowable in the Incarnation, and is thenceforth known to man, was found by the early Christians in the Greek version of the canticle of Habakkuk, a Biblical passage of the greatest importance to both theology and liturgy. The Septuagint translation of the opening verses is based on a variation of the Hebrew consonantal text, read with different vowels from those now found in the Hebrew Bible.
O Lord, I have heard Thy report, and was afraid: I considered Thy works, and was amazed: in the midst of two living beings Thou shalt be known; when the years draw nigh, Thou shalt be acknowledged; when the time is come, Thou shalt be manifested; when my soul is troubled, in wrath Thou wilt remember mercy. (chapter 3, 1-2)
This passage has been understood by the Fathers of the Church to refer to various manifestations of the Lord, and is certainly the reason this canticle is used in almost every historical Christian liturgy. Tertullian understood "the two living beings" to be Moses and Elijah appearing alongside the Lord at the Transfiguration (Against Marcion 4, 22); he was followed in this by St. Augustine in The City of God (18, 32), who also referred it to the two thieves crucified on either side of the Lord. The Roman Rite has followed this latter interpretation by singing these words as the first Tract of Good Friday. Origen, on the other hand, refers the prophecy to heavenly beings, rather than earthly ones. In his famous theological treatise On First Principles (frag. 8), he writes that the two Seraphim who appear before the Lord in Isaiah 6, and the two living beings in the canticle of Habakkuk "should be referred to Christ and the Holy Spirit."
The Prophet Habakkuk, by Girolamo Romanino, from the Sacrament Chapel of the church of St. John the Evangelist in Brescia, Italy. (1521-4.) The quotation on the banderole, of the opening words of the canticle, follows the Old Latin text, which was translated from the Septuagint, rather than the Vulgate version of St. Jerome.
St. Methodius of Olympus quotes the same two passages of Scripture together, in the fourth chapter of his beautiful work The Oration on Simeon and Anna, and explains the latter thus:
(Habakkuk) speaks of knowledge, recognition, showing forth. As to the first of these: "In the midst of two living beings Thou shall be known," he refers to that overshadowing of the divine glory which in the time of the Law rested in the Holy of holies upon the covering of the ark, between the cherubim, as He says to Moses, "There will I be known to Thee." (Exodus 25, 22) … But when He says, "As the years draw near, you shall be recognized," He means, as has been said before, that glorious recognition of our Savior, God in the flesh, who is otherwise invisible to mortal eye; as somewhere Paul, that great interpreter of sacred mysteries, says: "But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons." (Galatians 4, 4-5)
St. Methodius was a fierce opponent of the theology of Origen, against whom he explains the "two living beings" as angels, rather than the Son and the Spirit. More significantly, he is the first to associate the words of Habakkuk directly with the Incarnation. (In the controversies of the early sixth century that lead to the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople, Origen's explanation was the object of a more direct attack by the Emperor Justinian, among others.) This prophecy of Habakkuk is thus established by the Fathers as a prophecy of God's self-manifestation in various ways, including the Incarnation, which is revealed to man by the birth of the Savior.
Ancient Christian and Jewish interpreters of the Bible accepted without question that nothing in it was written by chance, and that everything in it carried several different meanings. (On this, see the magisterial work of Prof. James Kugel, The Bible As It Was, Harvard, 1999.) The Greek word for "living beings", "zōōn", and its Latin translation "animalium", can also be understood as "animals" in the modern English sense. Origen had connected the manger of the Nativity with Isaiah 1, where manger and master (or Lord) are known by two animals. Habakkuk's words can be read to say that the Lord is known "in the midst of two living beings" or "animals". The last step in interpretation was that the two animals should be identified specifically as an ox and ass, according to the words of Isaiah.
In the early seventh century, there appeared an apocryphal Infancy Gospel, attributed to St. Matthew, formally titled On the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior. The unknown writer borrowed much of his material from earlier apocryphal works, among them, the very ancient Protoevangelium of James; many of the traditional stories first attested in his work are in fact much older, and it must not be assumed that he was the first to explicitly associate the prophecies of Isaiah and Habakkuk with the events surrounding the birth of Christ, as follows.
And on the third day after the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ, the most blessed Mary went forth out of the cave, and entering a stable, placed the child in the stall, and the ox and the ass adored Him. Then was fulfilled that which was said by Isaiah the prophet, saying: 'The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib.' The very animals, therefore, the ox and the ass, having Him in their midst, incessantly adored Him. Then was fulfilled that which was said by Habakkuk the prophet, saying: "Between two animals Thou art made manifest." (chapter 14)
The ivory back cover of the Lorsch Gospel Book, ca. 800, now kept in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London; at the bottom, the Birth of Christ, with St. Joseph, the Virgin Mary, the two animals, and the appearance of the Angel to the shepherds.
In the same vein, the following responsory is sung on the Octave of Christmas, the feast of the Circumcision.
R. Blessed and venerable art thou, o Virgin Mary, who without touch of shame, wast found as the Mother of the Savior: * He laid in the manger, and shone forth in Heaven.
V. O Lord, I have heard Thy report, and was afraid: I considered Thy works, and grew fearful: in the midst of two animals Thou shalt be known.
This theme of Christmas as the revelation of God's salvation is also expressed in the liturgy by the frequent repetition, in both the Mass and the Divine Office, of the second verse of Psalm 97, "The Lord hath made known his salvation: he hath revealed his justice in the sight of the gentiles". They are sung in the Gradual of the third and most solemn of the Masses of Christmas; "His right hand hath wrought for him salvation, and his arm is holy. The Lord hath made known etc." In ancient times, when introits were sung with several versicles, they would also have been sung at the beginning of the Mass; there now remains only the first verse of the Psalm, "Sing ye to the Lord a new canticle, because he hath done wonderful things". All of these texts are repeated at the Masses of the days within the octave of Christmas and on the Circumcision. The same psalm is sung at Matins of Christmas with the antiphon "The Lord hath made known, alleluja, His salvation, alleluja."; these words are then also used as the versicle of both Lauds and Vespers throughout the octave.
The association of these words with the Incarnation may be found already towards the end of the second century in the writings of St. Irenaeus, the contemporary of Tertullian and the first to denounce the Gnostic heresy.
The knowledge of salvation (spoken of by Zacharias in the Benedictus) was the knowledge of the Son of God, who is both called and actually is, salvation, and Savior, and salutary. … as bringing salvation, thus: "God has made known His salvation in the sight of the gentiles." For He is indeed Savior, as being the Son and Word of God. (Against Heresies 3.10.2 in fine)
More than one modern writer has failed to grasp or acknowledge the pastoral concerns of men like St. Irenaeus, Origen, or the fathers of the Council of Nicea, when they assailed heresies like Gnosticism or Arianism. In defending the full humanity and the full divinity of Christ, they are also defending the fullness of God's salvation for the sake of every single person alive, of whatever sort or condition. For the heretics, human nature cannot be saved by the divine nature, because the latter can have nothing in common with it. The faith of the Church can look upon a newborn in a manger and proclaim to all men that in Him, God has made known His Salvation, which is Himself.
Labels: Christmas, Church Fathers, Sacred Art


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  ~ Copyright 2013-2018 the original author or authors.
  ~
  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
  ~
  ~      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  ~
  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  ~ limitations under the License.
  -->

<configuration>
	<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/base.xml"/>
	<logger name="feign" level="DEBUG"/>
	<logger name="com.netflix.discovery.InstanceInfoReplicator" level="ERROR"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.brave" level="TRACE"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging" level="INFO"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.brave.log" level="DEBUG"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.brave.trace" level="DEBUG"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.brave.instrument.rxjava" level="DEBUG"/>
	<logger name="org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.instrument.reactor" level="TRACE"/>
	<root level="INFO">
		<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
		<appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
	</root>
</configuration>


We're struggling to think of a more stylish couple than this pair!
When we first came across Úna and Daryl's real wedding, we couldn't quite believe our luck - a chic and contemporary day, chock full of drop-dead gorgeous details, in one of our favourite venues, with jaw-dropping bridal style and an impeccably-dressed groom? Throw in the outrageously generous cake table and we're in our element! We'll be sharing all of the beautiful photographs from their Mount Druid bash tomorrow, but for now, we're whetting your appetite with this impossibly sweet wedding film by Wedding Storytellers. So sit back, enjoy and don't forget to check back in with us tomorrow for a closer look!


text:
Temporary Protected Status Under the Trump Administration
Across the world, many foreign nationals must flee their home countries in order to gain safety within the United States (US). The US should treat such immigrants with the respect and courtesy they deserve. Certain persons who immigrate to the US because of external disastrous forces within their home countries are offered Temporary Protected Status, also referred to as TPS. Temporary protected status provides safe harbor for immigrants affected by significant hardship and allows them to build respectable lives within the US. In fact, many of those with temporary protected status have lived in America for decades. They have integrated into their communities, contributing significantly to the US workforce and economy.
Recently, President Donald Trump challenged the legitimacy of the TPS program, attempting to cancel TPS rights for immigrants from several countries. If this occurs, it would upend the lives of thousands of individuals and families protected via TPS. This policy would tear families apart. The US would force parents to choose between leaving their children, many of whom were born in America, or moving their entire family to their country of origin to face potential danger. Because of the dire consequences those with temporary protected status face today, it is imperative that the general public, especially immigrants and those involved with immigration law, understand as much as possible.
About Temporary Protected Status (TPS)
In 1990, President George Bush signed the temporary protected status (TPS) program into law. According to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) may attribute TPS rights to immigrants from specifically designated countries. Foreign nationals from TPS countries are likely incapable of returning to their home countries without significant risk of bodily harm. TPS ensures that such individuals are protected as long as their country of origin meets the DHS's qualification criteria.
Those who DHS grants TPS status must re-register when required to maintain protection and benefits. If an immigrant to the United States is eligible for or granted TPS, it means they have certain rights. These rights include protection from deportation or removal from the US, the ability to work via an employment authorization document (EAD), and leave to travel outside of the US by travel authorization. Additionally, official TPS designation protects grantees from DHS detainment regarding their immigration status.
Finally, it should be noted that TPS status does not naturally lead to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status, acquisition of a green card, or naturalization. But possession of TPS rights does not bar a person from applying for benefits such as adjustment of status to gain LPR or green card rights, as long as the applicant meets all other eligibility requirements. If you or a loved one is protected under TPS but has been denied other immigrant benefits, the advice of an expert immigration attorney can help.
What countries currently meet the qualification criteria for Temporary Protected Status (TPS)?
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) currently designates countries as TPS based on a specific set of criteria. According to the USCIS website, these criteria consider "any conditions in the country that temporarily prevent the country's nationals from returning safely, … [or] where the country is unable to handle the return of its nationals adequately." Some TPS-eligible situations include civil war or unrest, diseases or epidemics, environmental disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, or earthquakes, and "other extraordinary or temporary conditions." Some countries have been TPS-designated for a very long time. For example, the US added Honduras to the list after Hurricane Mitch in 1998. In fact, many Hondurans have been present in the US for nearly two decades.
Countries that currently meet TPS qualification criteria are listed on the USCIS's website. Though the TPS rights of several of the below countries face potential termination, at this time the list includes:
El Salvador*
Haiti*
Honduras*
Nicaragua*
Sudan*
The Trump administration terminated TPS rights for those countries marked with an asterisk (*). Because of this, TPS-designated persons from these countries no longer qualify for special protection. As of October 3, 2018, an injunction from a federal judge was issued. It prevents any deportation of TPS immigrants from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Sudan pending further litigation.
Who can apply for Temporary Protected Status (TPS)?
Any foreign national from an eligible country may apply for temporary protected status (TPS). In order to successfully apply for TPS designation, a foreign national must also meet additional eligibility requirements. These include a person's prompt and appropriate filing for status during registration or re-registration periods and continual presence and residence in the United States since the eligible country's designation date (known as "continuously physically present" or CPP). When considering CPP, "continual residence" allows for what the USCIS describes as "casual and innocent departures" from US soil. In such instances, the USCIS makes final rulings on admissibility on a case-by-case basis.
A person's criminal history may bar them from receiving TPS. Other reasons a foreign national may be denied TPS include: inadmissibility based on the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), participation in terrorism or acts of persecution, or failure to meet standards regarding CPP or continual residence. If you have petitioned for TPS rights and were denied, an experienced immigration attorney at Davis & Associates may be able to help you.
How do you apply for Temporary Protected Status (TPS)?
A foreign national who meets all eligibility requirements for temporary protected status (TPS) may formally apply during a registration or re-registration period. In certain instances, individuals may be eligible to apply for TPS benefits after a registration period ends. The TPS registration and application process requires a variety of paperwork, evidence, and fees, including:
Form I-821, Application for Temporary Protected Status
Form I-765, Request for Employment Authorization (optional)
Evidence documents, including passports
In addition to the above filing requirements for TPS applications, any person with a possible reason for inadmissibility must complete and submit Form I-601, Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility. A complete list of requirements and submission materials for TPS applications can be found on the USCIS website. If you have questions about your TPS application, an immigration attorney can guide you through this intricate process.
Remember, any person approved for TPS has not been granted lawful permanent resident (LPR) status. Therefore, any TPS-designated foreign national will not receive a green card. If you wish to apply for a green card, you absolutely can. But, you will have to meet all eligibility requirements and apply via the appropriate process.
Temporary Protected Status and the Trump Administration
The temporary protected status (TPS) program provides numerous benefits to both immigrants and the United States. Despite this, President Donald Trump has recently challenged the program, facilitating the termination of TPS rights for six countries. The Secretary of Homeland Security, now Kirstjen Nielsen, cancelled the TPS designation of all foreign nationals from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Nepal, Honduras, and Sudan. These decisions directly contrast the counsel of many at the State Department. This includes officials from US embassies and those with expert knowledge of the countries facing TPS cancellation.
The outright termination of TPS status for immigrants who have lived in the United States for an extended period of time is troublesome. For example, some TPS immigrants have resided in the country for nearly two decades. During that time, they've grown their families and careers on US soil. If successful, Trump's cancellation of TPS rights would place hundreds of thousands of immigrants in danger of deportation. In many cases, removal would tear families apart – countless thousands of TPS-designated immigrants have children born within the United States.
Injunction Ordered in October 2018
On October 3, 2018, US District Judge Edward M. Chen of the Northern District of California issued an injunction to temporarily prevent the Trump Administration or the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from enforcing its termination of TPS benefits pending litigation. Judge Chen stated that the administration may have violated the Equal Protection Clause by "basing its decision 'on animus against non-white, non-European immigrants.'" This provides momentary relief for the hundreds of thousands who face dire consequences should their TPS rights disappear.
A New York Times article highlights the challenges faced by TPS designees and their fears regarding potential deportation from the United States. One TPS immigrant stated, "I feel like an American person." Continuing, another stated "If Trump suspends TPS and they send me back to Sudan, that's like sending me to…death." Yet Judge Chen's injunction does not apply to those immigrants from Nepal and Honduras. The Trump administration also terminated these immigrants' TPS rights earlier this year.
Talk to an Expert Immigration Attorney Today
The Trump administration will certainly continue to challenge the protections and rights of immigrants across the United States. If a designation of TPS safeguards you and your family, you have rights. But your right to live, learn, and work in the United States may be in jeopardy. An experienced immigration lawyer from a trustworthy law firm can help. They will provide expert counsel and appropriate representation, ensuring protection of your family's rights. Whether you simply wish to continue your TPS designation, desire lawful permanent resident (LPR) status via a green card, or have other TPS questions, the guidance of a skilled immigration attorney is priceless. The lawyers at Davis & Associates continue to monitor the legal proceedings regarding temporary protected status and updates will be provided when available.
Have questions or concerns about your temporary protected status (TPS), the Trump Administration, or any other immigration issue? Contact Davis & Associates today for a free consultation.
Posted in Deportation, Immigration Law, Latest News and tagged Temporary Protected Status


The Summoner in "The Friar's Tale" in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales is an example of a religious figure who abuses his power and leads a secretly sinful life. The Summoner ultimately makes a deal with the devil that ends with his descent into hell. The point of the tale is to paint summoners in an unflattering light and reveal their hypocrisy. Summoners wouldn't have been very popular figures in the Middle Ages due to the fact that they got people in trouble for committing sins. This tale has multiple implications for the modern day, especially as it relates to modern day business ethics.
In the illustration of a summoner below, from the illustrations in the Ellesmere manuscript, the summoner looks shifty, slightly hunched and carrying a coin purse that hints at his greed. Even his horse looks sinister, seeming almost cat-like in its posture and holding its head low instead of proudly. This illustration very much aligns with the behavior of the Summoner in The Friar's Tale.
The tale itself describes how the Summoner uses spies saying, "as any hauk to lure in Engelond,/ That told hym al the secree that they knewe./ For hire aqueyntance was nat come of/ newe./ They weren hise approwours prively (lines 1340-1343),/" which means that the Summoner uses these spies to gather information on citizens. The tale then describes how he uses these secrets to blackmail these people saying, "He took hymself a greet profit therby./… He koude somne on peyne of Cristes curs./ And they were glade for to fille his purs (line 1344, lines 1347-1348)." This line describes how the Summoner uses these secrets, not to promote good and lessen sin, as you would think would be the role of a religious figure, but to "fille his purs" and profit at the expense of others. A lesson in business ethics that can be taken from this moment in the tale is the performance of immoral acts under the guise of morality. The company Healthgen grappled with this issue as one of its senior managers, Filip Kowalski, made a donation to a client's private foundation. The question surrounding this transaction was whether it was charity or bribery. The description of the case on Harvard Business School's publishing website states, "After a natural disaster, Healthgen- at the request of the director- donated products to help during the crises. After Healthgen wins an important contract, the media alleges that the donation was made to secure support of the regional health director. Were the efforts to boost company sales and support public health a donation or a bribe?" Although Healthgen probably had better and less damaging intentions than the Summoner in the tale, the Summoner was using his religious duty as a means to gather money by blackmailing and spying, doing "good works" by catching sinners through nefarious means. Healthgen was donating to charity while simultaneously gaining unfair advantages on competition. Therefore, The Friar's Tale is relevant to today in that it has lessons wrapped into it, such as associating with reputable institutions and not having ulterior motives when doing good works, a subject similar to the one Zach Prephan deals with in his discussion of the Pardoner and modern day Wall Street.
Later in the tale, after the Summoner enters into a business deal with the devil, he is eventually taken straight to Hell. The devil states, "Thy body and this panne been myne by right./ Thou shalt with me to Helle yet tonyght,/…And with that word this foule feend hym hente./ Body and soule he with the devel wente (lines 1635-1636, lines 1639-1641)." Here, although the devil only laid claim to the Summoner's body, the Summoner also gave his soul to Hell by participating in immoral acts. This warning not to participate in unethical business transactions with unethical parties has contemporary relevance. The business Chiquita Brands learned this when they paid off terrorists to protect employees in Colombia. A description of the case on Harvard Business School's Publishing website states, "The Justice Department began an investigation, focusing on the role and conduct of Chiquita and some of its officers in this criminal activity. Subsequently, Chiquita entered into a plea agreement that gave them the dubious distinction of being the first major U.S. company ever convicted of dealing with terrorists, and resulted in a fine of US $25 million and other penalties." Although this case was complicated as it was dealing with the safety of its employees in a foreign and politically turbulent zone, Chiquita still suffered damage from its association with "devils," or immoral individuals.
The Summoner in The Friar's Tale is ultimately a warning against living a monetarily motivated life at any cost, which will inevitably lead to sin, poor decisions, and a downfall. The Summoner's immoral business practices led to an unfortunate fate, much like many businesses today that suffer for their poor ethical decisions. Ultimately, The Friar's Tale is a commentary on the hypocritical life of the Summoner and is meant to expose what is believed to be the nature of summoners in general.
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales . Edited by Robert Boenig and Andrew Taylor, second ed., Broadview Editions, 2012.
Soltes, Eugene, and Brian Tilley. "Charity or Bribery." Harvard Business School Publishing, Harvard Business School, 13 Dec. 2017, cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/118052-PDF-ENG.
"The Summoner on Horseback." Alamy, 1343, Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library, http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-geoffrey-chaucer-s-canterbury-tales-the-summoner-on-horseback-english-83358508.html.


Help local searchers find you!
For any local estate agents, the success of the business falls completely on attracting local customers to your doors (and website). Well it may be great to see your website bringing in people from all over the country, if your business is aimed at specific area those visitors are practically pointless and this will just waste your time and resources on visitors that won't benefit you.
So how can you ensure you are doing everything you can to optimise for those local customers?
For a local estate agent this is a must. Optimising for keywords like "Estate Agents in (your area)" and "Properties for Sale in (your area)" is key to driving the right kind of traffic to your website. To do this you will need to make sure that the Page Title, H1 tag and page content on all of your web pages includes geographical keyword phrases.
Remember if you have multiple estate agency offices for different towns, your web pages need to be unique so that the search engines won't tag them as duplicate content.
Using a blog correctly is a great way to bring in the local community. You can write about what local services you provide, local events going on or general local community information. Showing you know about the community brings people in and you can be seen as a trusted authority for the area.
Remember to include your geographical key phrases in your article titles and to promote your blog through social networking channels such as twitter.
Sharing your knowledge and expertise with local bloggers and local people through social networks, this helps you become an established source and expert in your community. It doesn't just help your reputation it also gets your company brand out there.
Search is becoming more and more local these days, as more and more people prefer to search online for local businesses.
Knowing this, you have to know sign yourself up to local accounts (such as Google Places). These accounts provide the option for your business to be rated and reviewed for the services they have provided by customers.
Your ranking on Google Places is based on Google's ranking algorithm that awards well-optimised pages and reputable inbound links to your website.


If you're planning to travel to London, you may be overwhelmed by the many fun things available for visitors. In fact, there are so many things to do that it can be easy to think you'll decide "on the ground" and then get overwhelmed and do and see less than you thought you would.
London is famous for its many food festivals, especially in summer. Food trucks are the favourite place to eat for many Londoners, and if you head to a car park that's no longer used, you'll be likely to find some of the tastiest street food in the country.
Trafalgar Square is a fun place to visit, and you'll often find dance demos, free film screenings, different sculptures, and more. Something is always going on here, so be sure to wander around the square at least once when you're visiting the city.
The city is currently seeing a revival of outdoor cinemas, and there are many of them located throughout London. Head to Dalston or Peckham for the Rooftop Film Club or check out the Film 4 Series which you'll find at Somerset House. Want to really relax? The Hot Tub Cinema is the place to go and the Nomad Cinema is constantly moving around different parks and squares throughout London.
London is an incredible city and something is always happening. Devote an entire day to just visiting different neighbourhoods, and be sure to sort out your transport in London in advance so you can ride the tube without paying for single passes which can quickly add up.
Regent's Park is popular with visitors, however many forget to check out Queen Mary's Gardens. If you're lucky enough to be in London in the summer, you'll be able to see 12,000 different rose bushes, and the garden will be bursting with colour and an incredible fragrance. Don't forget to see the lake and sculpture park which is an interesting visit and full of wildlife.
Hyde Park Corner is where Brits have been expressing their right to free speech since the 19th century. Vladimir Lenin and George Orwell are just two of the many people who have made the most of their democratic rights, and it's a good place to go and see what real Londoners are thinking, and the issues that residents and visitors are passionate about. Feeling brave? Get up there and have a go yourself.
These caves were built by the Druids, Romans and Saxons, and visitors can explore the underground labyrinth which has seen performances by Pink Floyd, David Bowie and Jimi Hendrix. Grab a guide and learn all about the cave's history.