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ethical principles in nursing research
Nursing practice must be based on reliable evidence and nurse education must equip practitioners with the skills to challenge existing practices, read published research critically and evaluate its role in clinical practice. Within a healthcare context, this means that the nurse should act fairly in the distribution of benefits, treatments, and costs. Intervention: It the intervention designed to maximize good and minimize harm? b. Make sure to research and find out how you can use the Australian Nursing Code of Conduct, Code of Ethics, and RN Standards of Practice in writing the essay body. There are four main ethical principles that are important to nurses to use on the wards and these can be integrated for Mr P. and are used in everyday use. Ethical … Health Canada's Research Ethics Board (REB) follows the ethical principles set out in the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS). 9. Ethical context of nursing research Roberta Heale,1 Allison Shorten2 Nursing research is held to the same ethical standards as all other research involving human participants. Declaration of Helnski a. At the core, these ethical principles stress the need to (a) do good (known as beneficence) … Clearly some interventions (for diagnostic, therapeutic and/or research purposes) may be … Ethical Principles of Global Health Nursing Practice 1. As you know, scientific research must be conducted in accordance with ethical principles. Although the principles will be considered individually, they are not mutually exclusive, and the article demonstrates that they are closely linked. The ethical principles of research are defined in: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of ConductStandard 8: Research and Publication The National Academy Of Sciences, National Academy Of Engineering, and Institute Of Medicine Of The National Academies have a more detailed and comprehensive set of ethical guidelines for scientific research: Committee on Science, Engineering, … Nurses need to understand and apply ethical principles to their own research, as well as to the reading and review of research. The principle of nonmaleficence ensures the safety of the patient and community in all care delivery. This article, the first of two looking at nursing ethics and research, outlines the foundations and development of an ethical framework for nursing research. Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research. Finally, education in research ethics should be able to help researchers grapple with the ethical dilemmas they are likely to encounter by introducing them to important concepts, tools, principles, and methods that can be useful in resolving these dilemmas. Justice is fairness. Objective A sound knowledge of the ethical principles that guide nursing practice and research are essential for any researcher. All nurses must be aware of these principles, and practise in accordance with them. This ethical component is so important that the American Nurses Association even created a code of ethics to guide nurses in the ethical dilemmas they will inevitably face as part of their jobs. The full code of ethics is an extension of these pr… Nurses need to understand and apply ethical principles to their own research, as well as to the reading and review of research. These principles have been widely adopted by diverse research disciplines and as such, they express common standards, values and aspirations of the research community. x�]Y��Ƒ~ǯ��Ù��4�#�Ҳ$���#����v� Nursing Times; 110: 1/3, 20-23. Ethical issues in nursing contain all the tough decisions the healthcare profession faces each day in caring for society. According to the Clinical Ethics Network website (2011), the Four Substances offered by Beauchamp and Childress is individual of the most popularly used firm of guidelines in the nursing occupation. 13 min read. ETHICAL PRINCIPLE IN NURSINGRESEARCH1. Nursing research: ethics, consent and good practice. 1. However, we do all this with the intention of providing care and in patients' best int… 1. Principle of respect of human dignity3. These are the five ethical principles that have been presented; nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice, and privacy/confidentiality. Furthermore, this particular model not only refers to ethics in a clinical setting, but also more generally.Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research . Revised in 2000 3. %��������� Two of the internationally accepted, fundamental core principles underpinning both nursing practice and research are the principle of beneficence (do good) and the mirror principle of non-maleficence (do not harm). The code establishes six primary principles to help nurses resolve ethical dilemmas. Qualitative research, however, generates specific ethical problems because of the close relationship that researchers form with participants. Print version: page 56. NIH Clinical Center researchers published seven main principles to guide the conduct of ethical research: Social and clinical value; Scientific validity; Fair subject selection; Favorable risk-benefit ratio; Independent review Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research Paper. It outlines the role of nurses in clinical research and the regulatory frameworks that underpin it, and explores the consent process and ethical principles. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Nurses must be fair when they distribute care, for example, among the patients in the group of patients that they are taking care of. By DEBORAH SMITH. (0.90) 2. Under what conditions might a treatment be withdrawn or altered? It demonstrates nurses' commitment to persons with health-care needs and persons receiving care. Learn more about them. %PDF-1.3 Nursing Research Paper Writing; Nursing Term Paper Writing; Nursing Assignment Writing; Nursing Essay Writing; Nursing Case Study Writing; Nursing Coursework Writing; Pricing; Login; Reach Us; Select two moral or ethical principles and discuss how they could impact on the delivery of healthcare. The code establishes six primary principles to help nurses resolve ethical dilemmas. Nursing practice must be based on reliable evidence and nurse education must equip practitioners with the skills to challenge existing practices, read published research critically and evaluate its role in clinical practice. Ethics and nursing research. Authors I Holloway, S ... participation and protection from harm--are the same as in other types of research and have their basis in moral and ethical principles. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN NURSING RESEARCH 2 CODE OF ETHICS 1. American Nurse Association a. Although each of the principles will not directly translate into the Western or Māori equivalent, the nurse will be able to identify with each in their own way and use them in their decision-making. While there are many ways to conduct an ethical analysis, the focus here will be on the four primary ethical principles foundational to nursing practice (defined above) and how they relate to the scenarios. Five principles for research ethics. Nursing Standard. What are ethical principles in nursing? Nursing Path. Members of ethics review bodies are responsible for determining whether or not proposals for human research demonstrate the principle of justice. Describe the issues and a possible solution in a 3-5 page paper. These are the five ethical principles that have been presented; nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice, and privacy/confidentiality. v��uєp'�Ǽ���[~���/Ǝ����ؒ���{�O��7}���|��?�����[��G7�jj�Uَ�\��#>mw�5��d��&z��ғ�M5ѓ�$�m�[rΣ�	8vrλ�\������bX(m�C(rO"����� �w*��ŁF��r�q!�j�D��V�(D��D���K8{�7O�mr�q�z %l�����Ľ‡��. The ethical principles that nurses must adhere to are the principles of justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, accountability, fidelity, autonomy, and veracity. One of the first internationally recognized efforts to establish ethical standards 2. Principle of beneficence2. The ethical principles have been identified by many authors in the professional literature and include respect for persons/autonomy, beneficence, non- maleficence, justice/fairness, veracity, fidelity and confidentiality (ICN, 1996, Beauchamp and Childress, 2001, Polit and Beck, 2004, Storch et al, 2004). In healthcare there is a basic dilemma experienced by all nurses, midwives and care staff. The beneficence principle requires researchers to avoid doing potential harm to patient, maximize on the benefits and minimize on the risks (Grady, 2018). Treatment could potentially add years to their life, but the patient decides that they would rather not go through it, and want to be allowed to die at home. A number of core ethical principles are recognised in the healthcare setting. Follow Published on May 7, 2013 ... for self development. The global health nurse promotes an environment in which the human rights, dignity, values, customs, and spiritual beliefs of the individual, family, and community are respected. Learn more about them. Furthermore, this particular model not only refers to ethics in a clinical setting, but also more generally.Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research. Respect for persons – autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy . Although the principles will be considered individually, they are not mutually exclusive, and the article demonstrates that they are closely linked. The principles detailed below draw upon: The Belmont Report. All of these principles play a key role in ensuring optimal patient safety and care. Noble-Adams R(1). ������g��F776A4 Qualitative research, however, generates specific ethical problems because of the close relationship that researchers … This article considers the seven ethical principles that are most frequently highlighted in the literature. According to the Clinical Ethics Network website (2011), the Four Principles offered by Beau champ and Childless is one of the most popularly used set of guidelines in the nursing profession. The code, most recently revised in 2015, is a non-negotiable set of ethical guidelines that gives guidance to nurses and provides a framework for navigating and assessing options that are aligned with ethical values. In these situations, there may be good arguments on both sides of the issue and different ethical principles may conflict. Principles of research ethics . Before we proceed, here's the question in which you are required to write an essay on ethical and legal issues in nursing based on a case study on a Registered Nurse, Michelle. 4 0 obj Ethical principles underpin decision making in the research process. In addition to these technical skills, however, nurses also need an understanding of the moral and ethical principles that accompany being responsible for someone's medical care. Consider the following case: Case 03. Adopted in 1964 by the World Medical Association b. Permalink: https://eaziessay.com/ethical-principl…nursing-research/, The second principle is Beneficence, and involves the consideration of treatment, and balancing the benefits against the risks. Posted on November 26, 2020; By Kennedy NRW; Nursing Assignment Help (0) Comment; All students … Some of the issues--such as informed consent, the dignity and privacy of the research subjects, voluntary participation and protection from harm--are the same as in other types of research and have their basis in moral and ethical principles. Five principles for research ethics. Acknowledge how international and national ethical principles have influenced ethical nursing research. The ethical principles of research are defined in: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Standard 8: Research and Publication The National Academy Of Sciences, National Academy Of Engineering, and Institute Of Medicine Of The National Academies have a more detailed and … Although the nurse may wish the patient to change their mind and accept treatment, they must respect the patient's autonomy, providing they are making an informed decision. To care for patients, we must often intervene in ways that in everyday life would be considered at best inappropriate and at worst immoral or illegal. This suggests that nurses should respect the decisions of patients, even if these decisions go against that the nurse believes to be right, either professionally or personally. Adopted in 1964 by the World Medical Association b. We ask questions seeking sensitive personal information, we touch, we press, we probe and we may even hurt. 3. These situations create difficult decisions for research known as ethical or moral dilemmas. The ethical principles in nursing includes definitions of fidelity, beneficence, autonomy and integrity. Nuremberg Code a. developed after the Nazi atrocities were made public in the Nuremberg trials. The principles of research ethics, based on respect for individuals, should not be confined to research. Whether planning research or reading research, understanding and applying ethical principles is an important element of ensuring the highest quality evidence for practice. Nursing practice is informed by research, and all nurses, midwives and care staff should be research aware even if they do not consider themselves research active. According to the Clinical Ethics Network website (2011), the Four Principles offered by Beauchamp and Childress is one of the most popularly used set of guidelines in the nursing profession. Ethical principles in nursing: Justice Nursing Times; 110: 1/3, 20-23. City staff and students conducting research must respect the following principles: 1. Principles of research ethics There are a number of ethical principles that should be taken into account when performing undergraduate and master's level dissertation research. Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research. Some are rooted in time and will never change, while others are brought about by new changes in technology. 2. The ethical principles provide a set of guidelines for nurses to adhere to in their professional lives, and can be applied to all situations.Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research, Nurse/Patient Communication Example Esssay, Borderline Personality Disorder essay paper. Nursing Standard. Smith, D. (2003, January). These principles are: justice, respect for participants and beneficence. Non Maleficence is the third principle, and means that the nurse should cause no harm to the patient. Essay to demonstrate an understanding of research methodologies and ethical principles underpinning research. These fundamental principles should be considered when preparing your research project. Providing the patient is making an … The nurse should always act in a manner that is of benefit to the patient.Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research. "When you conduct a research study, the work doesn't end with approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)," says Linda Lewicki, PhD, RN, Senior Nurse Researcher at Cleveland Clinic and Vice-Chair of the IRB. All benefits of all treatment should be weighed against the risks, and if the treatment is disproportionately harmful to the patient then the nurse should not go ahead with it. Providing the patient is making an informed decision, the ethical principle says that this decision should be respected. 7 ethical principles in nursing. Ethical guidelines are established for clinical research to protect patient volunteers and to preserve the integrity of the science. Explain why ethical theories used in nursing practice are important for nursing research. The Declaration of Helsinki in 1964 is a statement about ethical principles, initially applied to medical research, but which now guides all types of research. Ethical principles underpin decision making in the research process. An example of this might be a patient who has been diagnosed with cancer. The full code of ethics is an extension of these principles. The fourth and final principle is Justice. Like many professional associations in the health care field, the American Nurses Association sets a formal, standardized code of ethics which nurses must follow. The 7 ethical principles that every nurse should adhere to include the principles of: justice; autonomy; beneficence; veracity; research; leadership; nonmaleficence. Ethical issues in qualitative nursing research Nurs Ethics. Of the three core principles, the most important is 'respect of persons' where the participants' welfare takes precedence over interests of the researchers, society … This essay uses the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN, 2018) checklist to critically appraise the methodologies of two quantitative and two qualitative research articles on the management and treatment of pressure ulcers (PU's). These Ethical Principles have to be upheld at all times by all Nursing Practitioners in whatever role they fulfil as direct or indirect patient care providers, including, amongst others, educators, administrators, researchers, policy developers and others, in any setting whatsoever. Nonmaleficence goes hand-in-hand with beneficence in … 1995 Sep;2(3):223-32. doi: 10.1177/096973309500200305. She authored the first ethics textbook for nurses in the United States and set the groundwork for the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics used today. These six principles define nurses' responsibilities as doing good, not doing harm, giving fair and equal care, respecting their patients' rights to make decisions, being honest and following through on their promises. Nonmaleficence goes hand-in-hand with beneficence in that you do no harm but also do what is right. These are the most prevalent issues nurses face. "You have to comply with federal regulations and keep in mind the ethical principles of the Belmont Report. Cover your bases with these ethical strategies. The Ethical Principles Of Nursing Essay 1633 Words | 7 Pages. stream In the Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) must establish minimum standards and requirements for nursing education in professional and ethical issues. This is the most well known of the main principles of nursing ethics. Veteran Sungai Bilu No.128, Melayu, Kec. Author information: (1)Gynaecology Service, Christchurch Women's Hospital, New Zealand. Ghostly Substances Of Nursing Research Paper. The principles draw on the United Nations . These principles can help nurses to examine the ethical practices in nursing. Declaration of Helnski a. Ethics for Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Sharon Cannon and Theresa Delahoyde CHAPTER OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this chapter, the learner will be able to: 1. Nursing research: ethics, consent and good practice. Furthermore, this particular model not only refers to ethics in a clinical setting, but also more generally.Ethical Principles Of Nursing Research. The Four Principles of Health Care Ethics. The ethical principles in nursing includes definitions of fidelity, beneficence, autonomy and integrity. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN NURSING RESEARCH 2 CODE OF ETHICS 1. More specifically, it is selecting interventions and care that will cause the least amount of harm to achieve a beneficial outcome. 1: Development, theories and principles. Nursing Times; 110: 1/3, 20-23. Ethical considerations:: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical issues in research with human participants and national rules and regulations related to informed consent and confidentiality. These provide a basis for complex decision-making by weighing up multiple factors and consequences of the care process. Monitor Staff January 2003, Vol 34, No. Nurse values research as a means ofdevelopment of nursing profession & participatesin nursing research adhering to ethical principles.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com 19. Citation: Bowrey S, Thompson JP (2014) Nursing research: ethics, consent and good practice. Learn more about them. b. Learn more about them. 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ethical principles in nursing research 2020


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Thomas de Kluyver: make-up should be a form of expression, not a mask
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The Perth-born make-up artist brings his golden touch to Gucci Beauty
Ever since Thomas de Kluyver wrapped himself up in shiny silver foil and painted his face to look like Guy Pearce in The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, for one of the early iterations of Tinaween (Robbie Spencer's iconic club night), it was clear that he was destined for big things. His most recent appointment as Global Makeup Artist for Gucci Beauty is by far the biggest. In his new role, the Perth-born make-up artist is responsible for bringing Alessandro Michele's otherworldly visions to life both on and off the catwalk, starting with the inaugural campaign for Gucci Beauty. Pegged to the launch of a 58 strong collection of lipsticks, the Martin Parr shot campaign is a riot of colour, whimsy, and quirk, pushing the boundaries of traditional beauty imagery to include moments of awkwardness and imperfection - punk rocker Dani Miller's lipstick smudged teeth being the most notable (and viral) example. Currently preparing the beauty looks for the Gucci Cruise show (watch it live here), we sat down with Thomas to talk about the early years, his work with one of the most iconic fashion houses in the world and what the future has in store for him.
Let's start with the beginning, how did you first get into make-up?
Thomas de Kluyver: I used to go to raves back in Perth in the early 2000s with all my friends and I would end up doing neon make-up on all of them. Then I met this guy who worked at the MAC counter, who then said I should come and work there over Christmas because they needed extra people. I just kind of learnt how to do make-up by being there on the counter and having people sit down.
How did that evolve into a career?
Thomas de Kluyver: I quit MAC and I was kind of doing some shoots but my main vocation in life at that point was to go out. I used to wear make-up myself, and then I moved to London in 2007 and was working on the door of a club and that's where I got booked for my first shoot in for Dazed, actually.
What is it about being a make-up artist that appealed?
Thomas de Kluyver: I never really thought that I would be a make-up artist in the beginning, but what I love about it is I'm obsessed with art, fashion, and music, and it's a job where you can put all of your loves and everything you find beautiful onto the face. I love having different people in front of me, finding out about their personality, then creating make-up to make them feel empowered or a certain way. I love the transformative power of make-up.
How do you think you use make-up to convey an emotion or a feeling?
Thomas de Kluyver: I tend not to do it in a very literal way, but so many people tell me when they see my make-up that it made them feel happy or a certain way. I always try to look outside the box or at whatever I'm shooting and try to do something special with make-up that gives it something extra or takes it outside of just normal make-up. I love the idea of make-up being a form of expression rather than a mask or something you can cover up with or you're wearing something because that's what you're meant to wear.
What do you think a look should bring to either editorial shoots or a runway?
Thomas de Kluyver: I think make-up has the power to lift an outfit sometimes. Even just an orange lip with the right colour, a contrasting colour or something, it can make an outfit.
Let's talk about the new Gucci Beauty collection. What are your favourite products?
Thomas de Kluyver: We have 58 shades of lipstick coming out, 36 of which are satin texture, which is really highly pigmented, very long lasting, and very emollient so they feel really nice when you put them on the lips. We have 18 shades of Voile which are like a sheer texture of lipstick, like a classic sheer. Again, they've got a bit more punch than a normal sheer lipstick. We have four balms; one of which is clear and three that have a slight tint to them. All of the shades can be used on the cheeks and there are nine shades that you can also use on the eyes which I think is nice. As a make-up artist, when I'm backstage or at a show we're always using lipsticks and anything everywhere. So I think it's nice that the Gucci boy or girl has the opportunity to do the same things we do. I think people do that anyway but it's nice that the product is formulated so you can do whatever you want with it. There's a real freedom here and I think the spirit of the collection is about individuality.
What about in terms of the campaign, what kind of techniques were you using?
Thomas de Kluyver: So we had four very different characters for the campaign. When I was speaking with Alessandro about campaign direction we wanted to do looks that really feel like what the individual characters in the beauty campaign would actually wear. For Dani Miller we did the 'Crystal Black' lipstick, she went straight for the bullet and just painted it across her eyes. We used 'Goldie Red' which is kind of the star colour of the collection – it's number 25, which is Alessandro's lucky number. It's the perfect shade of red which is not too blue and not too orange, and she's got that on her lips. All of the make-up in all of the looks use lipsticks, but there are other looks where we have used them on the eyes and cheeks.
What is it about Gucci Beauty that resonates with you as a brand?
Thomas de Kluyver: I think for me, I always want to inspire women to use make-up as a form of self-expression, to be yourself, to have fun with it and use it to feel good. The same with clothes and I think Alessandro designs clothes in the same way. I think that's where it connects very well. Both of us are very obsessed with the past but also the future, and I think it's that mix of the past and the future that works very nicely.
What's it like working with Alessandro?
Thomas de Kluyver: He's really inspiring. He loves make-up and he understands make-up. As a make-up artist, you often work with a lot of designers who are absolutely terrified of doing anything. He's not terrified of anything. You can show him anything and he's either like no or I love it but he's excited that you're there and present so he wants to see loads of things all the time
How do you think the beauty industry has evolved since you first started out?
Thomas de Kluyver: I feel like five years ago when designers would do a show, they wanted one individual look and they squished every single model into that look. I think now, especially when we do the Gucci show, we have different looks for different models. For every shoot, it's a different look. I think beauty and fashion as well have become so much more about individuality and being authentic to yourself. Before they used to be about this trend, that trend, you have to have this coat, that coat. I think now it's so much more about being yourself and being unique. I think uniqueness is being celebrated.
Where do you see it going from here?
Thomas de Kluyver: I think you'll see make-up being worn in different ways by more diverse groups of people. I feel like boys never used to wear make-up, now my male friends do. It used to just be like gay boys but now it's more inclusive of everyone. In terms of products and tech, I'm really interested to see what happens. I see something coming that's very crazy, Blade Runner-esque and robotic. Like a machine that does your make-up, some fun little tool that puts make-up on, weird transfers or something. I love things like that, I'm obsessed with contacts at the moment. We just did a really big project in Japan and bought tons of those crazy lenses. We used some in the Gucci show, we used green ones. They're fun. I'm obsessed with changing people's eye colours. For me, the future is going in that direction. A little weird but I think that's what nice. It's expressing yourself and having fun with it.
Gucci Beauty is available at Harrods.
HeadBeauty FeatureThomas De KluyverGucciGucci BeautyAlessandro Michele
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Pat McGrath has just become the first Dame for make-up artistry Beauty news

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Grimm's Rainbow Sunset is the latest rainbow release and is a stunning version of the traditional large 12-piece rainbow. It can be used to stack, sort and build unique rainbow sculptures or integrated into other toys as children get older. It can be used for endless creative play such as a tunnel for cars, a house for dolls or paddock for animal figurines - their imagination will run wild! The large rainbow also makes a very attractive piece for your child's bedroom!
Help other Village Toys users shop smarter by writing reviews for products you have purchased.


ÖL Ljus Lager is a golden coloured ale with those roasted malt aroma notes of the mash tun, which you experience passing a traditional brewery. It has a light sweetness with biscuit and roasted malt notes. The aroma and taste very much reflecting the aromas of the working brewery.
Whilst IKEA may not be ones first choice for real ale and many discount their beers entirely, the light and dark lagers do have some merit and should be tried to decide one's opinion.


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Richard Flores IV is the author of the science fiction novels, Dissolution of Peace, Volition Agent, and Broken Trust. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of Plasma Frequency, a bimonthly, semi-pro magazine of speculative fiction. He lives in Auburn, Washington with his wife and three children. When not writing, he works a day job where he daydreams about writing. His hobbies include reading, television, video games, blogging, and watching San Jose Sharks hockey.


text:
set -e
set -x

if [[ "$(uname -s)" == 'Darwin' ]]; then
    brew update || brew update
    brew outdated pyenv || brew upgrade pyenv
    brew install pyenv-virtualenv
    brew install pkg-config
    brew install ninja
    brew install meson

    if which pyenv > /dev/null; then
        eval "$(pyenv init -)"
    fi
    if which pyenv > /dev/null; then
        eval "$(pyenv init -)"
    fi

    case "${PYVER}" in
        py27)
            pyenv install 2.7.10
            pyenv virtualenv 2.7.10 conan
            ;;
        py33)
            pyenv install 3.3.6
            pyenv virtualenv 3.3.6 conan
            ;;
        py34)
            pyenv install 3.4.3
            pyenv virtualenv 3.4.3 conan
            ;;
        py35)
            pyenv install 3.5.0
            pyenv virtualenv 3.5.0 conan
            ;;
        py36)
            pyenv install 3.6.0
            pyenv virtualenv 3.6.0 conan
            ;;

    esac
    pyenv rehash
    pyenv activate conan
else
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib wget unzip

    wget https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v1.8.2/ninja-linux.zip
    unzip ninja-linux.zip
    sudo mv ninja /usr/bin/ninja
    rm ninja-linux.zip

    # Will fail if no python3 available
    pip3 install meson || true
fi

pip install -r conans/requirements_dev.txt
pip install -r conans/requirements_server.txt
pip install -r conans/requirements.txt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Join us as we examine the effect of economic, social and political history on the cinematic treatment of love, romance and couple-hood over three decades of classic film in this Lorain Public Cinema series featuring The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947) with Gene Tierney and Rex Harrison. For adults and film lovers ages 18 and up. Preregistration required.


Sony has released an end-to-end IP based surveillance system designed to enable co-ordinated emergency response from site administrators, police and other respondents, who can control cameras and gain access to the live footage simultaneously via the Internet.
The turnkey IP Surveillance solution is built on Cisco Infrastructure and includes fixed-view and pan/tilt/zoom IP addressable cameras with built-in web servers and Ethernet ports, "Real Shot" camera recording and video management software, Sony's SSM monitor line-up and a network attached storage server to record and archive video.
The SNC-Z20N network video camera is the new addition to the remote pan/tilt/zoom camera line-up. Its embedded web server can handle up to 50 simultaneous viewers monitoring remote sites through its auto-focus 25x optical zoom lens with 12x digital zoom. The camera also has web server capability with an assignable IP address and can cater for access from laptops or handheld PC's using a Wi-Fi link, further extending further the versatility of the system in emergency situations.
The network application server component allows for the management of up to 16 cameras and can record and archive video up to one month.
The product represents the security industry's first end-to-end IP-based system according to Sony, with results from early implementation of the system - a pilot program held on two campuses of the Grossmont Union School District in San Diego County in the US - has shown a significant drop in vandalism and inappropriate use of school facilities and resources.


The Shimano Curado 200E7 beats all reels in its class, hands down, in every aspect of our on-the-water tests.
The Shimano Curado 200E7 was recently redesigned from the ground up in a ground-breaking effort to make it smoother, smaller, lighter, more comfortable to use and just plain better all around. Did Shimano succeed? Read on to find out.
Though the Shimano Curado 200E7 was already an extremely popular, reputable reel within the bass fishing market, the redesign reinforced its place in the field as the reel of choice for serious fishermen and set a new standard by which other reels in its class are judged.
Why Should You Buy The Shimano Curado 200E7?
Before buying my first redesigned Curado 200E7, I had actually bought a comparable Abu Garcia reel. The Abu reel was nice, but it had some issues. After using it on the water and not being able overcome its problems, I returned it and bought the Curado. I have been sold on them ever since.
And let me tell you right up front that I'm an ultra-experienced baitcaster user, not a newbie. I've been using baitcasting reels for well over 20 years. So the problems I experienced with the Abu reel weren't user error.
I actually wanted to buy something other than the Shimano Curado 200E7, which is why I bought the Abu Garcia reel to begin with. But as it turned out, the Abu reel just didn't satisfy me and I ended up buying my first Shimano Curado 200E7 for that very reason.
So here we are quite a bit later and I now own several of the Shimano Curado 200E7 reels. Anytime I need a new reel, I don't even bother shopping around any longer. I simply buy another Curado.
If you're not fishing with the Shimano Curado 200E7 reels, you're missing out on true baitcasting reel performance.
Check out the Shimano Curado 200E7 by Clicking Here.


text:
Posts published in "Day: May 8, 2007"
Snake sighting on the back porch
Have to pull duty on Saturdays from 0900 to 1200 every month or so. Yesterday was one of those Saturdays.
Just before noon, the Mrs. called and said there was a snake on the back porch under the shed. The snake was wrapped around the post, apparently trying to climb up and get a bird.
The snake crawled under the lawnmower and the Mrs. wanted me to know so I could get it when I came home.
Well, no snake and I walked around the yard as well. Also went out this morning several times meandering slowly with shovel in hand snake hunting.
The Mrs. had no idea what kind of snake it was, except it was about four feet long, brown and yellow looking; sounds like a water snake to me.
There were some king snakes outback and if that is what this one is, it is welcome as long as it stays out of sight and out of the garden.
Hate the thought of reaching into a tomato vine for a tomato and that thing crosses my hand or arm.
Went over to the gardening guru's house last week and admired his garden. It's a sight to see. He said he doesn't do anything special to his tomatoes except a little cotton burr compost and water on occasion. He did mention you have to pinch off suckers everyday.
His garden is like looking at something on a television show. Why if Oprah had a gardening spot on her show, I'd recommend this gent's garden for it is simply a pleasure to see and admire. It is amazing what a little TLC will do with dirt.
Just a reminder, postage goes up May 14th to 41 cents for first class.
Two days last week, we received somebody else's mail for two days in a row. Don't know where our mail went and it is not here yet. You think my creditors will believe me when I say I didn't get a statement?
YOUTH presents awards at luncheon
ALDINE– Supporters and friends of YOUTH met last Wednesday, for a luncheon and awards ceremony to mark the 17th anniversary of the founding of this unique private social service organization.
Founded in 1990 by Sylvia Bolling, Executive Director, her vision and goal was a group to empower positive change in the lives of youth and their families.
Bolling has seen this vision succeed through her hard work and partnerships with community members. The luncheon was to thank these supporters, and honor those in the community that have helped. Participating in the ceremonies was emcee Jerome Gray of KPRC television, and Bolling's daughters Shawna and Kenyetta.
Awards were given as follows: Christian Community, to Jen Van Kirk of Young Life; Community Education, to Margarita Byrum, AISD area superintendent; Service, to Juanita Honeycutt, YOUTH board member and volunteer; and Business to Gilbert Hoffman, Northeast News Publisher.
In addition, informal recognition was given to Paul McDonald for his Christian Ministry, and Steve Mead, AISD school board member, Optimist club president, and community activist, Shirley Reed, Grandparents raising Grandkids, Viola Garcia, AISD school board member and original GED teacher at North Harris College, and Martha Fowler, volunteer and early staff member. Pastor Jerry Martin received his Light of Hope Award.
In his remarks, emcee Jerome Gray recounted being raised in a poor section of Philadelphia, and the importance of a community center, Heritage House, to his life. There he learned the lesson to "Never Give Up-Always Give Back," a message similar to Bolling's at YOUTH.
Bolling told the history of the Youth Organization United To Help (Y.O.U.T.H.), and its start from her car and no facilities in 1990, to the acquisition of a building in 1995, and the current facility which has over 20 programs for youth and serves hundreds of children and their families. She closed by performing a song in sign language, Never Give Up, Keep the Dream Alive by Yolanda Adams.
New Eastex Fire Station displayed


text:
1828.mshaffer.com › Word [major]
MA'JOR, a. [L.] Greater in number, quantity or extent; as the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.
1. Greater in dignity.
My major vow lies here.
2. In music, an epithet applied to the modes in which the third is four semitones above the tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semitones.
Major and minor, in music, are applied to concords which differ from each other by a semitone.
Major tone, the difference between the fifth and fourth, and major semitone is the difference between the major fourth and the third. The major tone surpasses the minor by a comma.
MA'JOR, n. In military affairs, an officer next in rank above a captain, and below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.
1. The mayor of a town. [See Mayor.]
Aid-major, an officer appointed to act as major on certain occasions.
Brigade-major. [See Brigade.]
Drum-major, the first drummer in a regiment, who has authority over the other drummers.
Fife-major, the first or chief fifer.
Sergeant-major, a non-commissioned officer, subordinate to the adjutant.
MA'JOR, n. In law, a person of full age to manage his own concerns.
Evolution (or devolution) of this word [major]
MA'JOR, a. [L.]
Greater in number, quantity or extent; as, the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.
Greater in dignity. My major vow lies here. Shak.
In music, an epithet applied to the modes in which the third is four semitones above the tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semitones. Busby. Major and minor, in music, are applied to concords which differ from each other by a semitone. Major tone, the difference between the fifth and fourth, and major semitone is the difference between the major fourth and the third. The major tone surpasses the minor by a comma. Encyc.
MA'JOR, n.1
In military affairs, an officer next in rank above a captain and below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.
The mayor of a town. [See Mayor.] Aid-major, an officer appointed to act as major on certain occasions. Brigade-major. [See Brigade.] Drum-major, the first drummer in a regiment, who has authority over the other drummers. Fife-major, the first or chief fifer. Sergeant-major, a non-commissioned officer, subordinate to the adjutant.
In law, a person of full age to manage his own concerns.
In logic, the first proposition of a regular syllogism, containing the principal term; as, no unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven, [the major.] Every man in his natural state is unholy, [minor.] Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven, [conclusion or inference.]
Ma"jor
Greater in number, quantity, or extent; as, the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.
An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.
Of greater dignity; more important.
Shak.
A person of full age.
Of full legal age.
[Obs.]
That premise which contains the major term. It its the first proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference].
* In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called the major.
Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of pitch from another tone.
Major axis (Geom.), the greater axis. See Focus, n., 2. -- Major key (Mus.), a key in which one and two, two and three, four and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds. -- Major offense (Law), an offense of a greater degree which contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault. -- Major premise (Logic), that premise of a syllogism which contains the major term. -- Major scale (Mus.), the natural diatonic scale, which has semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the third is major. See Scale, and Diatonic. -- Major second (Mus.), a second between whose tones is a difference in pitch of a step. -- Major sixth (Mus.), a sixth of four steps and a half step. In major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful. -- Major term (Logic), that term of a syllogism which forms the predicate of the conclusion. -- Major third (Mus.), a third of two steps.
A mayor.
[Obs.] Bacon.
MA'JOR, adjective [Latin] Greater in number, quantity or extent; as the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.
MA'JOR, noun In military affairs, an officer next in rank above a captain, and below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.
MA'JOR, noun In law, a person of full age to manage his own concerns.
MAJOR, noun In logic, the first proposition of a regular syllogism, containing the principal term; as, no unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven, [the major ] Every man in his natural state is unholy, [minor.] Therefore, no man in his natural state, is qualified for happiness in heaven, [conclusion or inference.]
It gives the original meaning of words
— Patryce
distrustful
DISTRUSTFUL, a.
1. Apt to distrust; suspicious.
2. Not confident; diffident; as distrustful of ourselves.
3. Diffident; modest.


text:
Azé is the name of the following communes in France:

 Azé, Loir-et-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher department
 Azé, Mayenne, in the Mayenne department
 Azé, Saône-et-Loire, in the Saône-et-Loire department

See also
 Aze (disambiguation)
 Azay (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mark Holub – Schlagzeug
Dieser Inhalt ist vorübergehend nur auf Englisch verfügbar.
Drummer, composer and bandleader originally from the US and now based in Vienna, he is most notably known as the bandleader and composer for Led Bib.
With Led Bib, he was nominated for the Mercury Music Prize 2009 (One of 12 albums of the year) and he was also a winner of the Peter Whittingham Jazz Award 2005. Led Bib have topped college radio charts across the US and Canada and have played live across TV and radio in Europe including BBC 2, Channel 4(UK), WDR, BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, ORF(Austria), XFM, Radio 1 (Prague), BBC Radio 3, Radio 6(NL) ,BBC Radio 4 and many more. They have released 8 albums and have toured to some of the highest profile festivals in Europe including North Sea Jazz Festival, Jazzfestival Berlin, London Jazz Festival, Saalfelden Jazz Festival and many others.
Holub is also active in other projects including 'Blueblut' a power trio with Pamelia Kurstin – theremin and Chris Janka – guitar who have toured across Europe, Japan and South America and are about to release their 3rd album, Falb/Holub/Satzinger a free jazz sax trio from Vienna, Perlin Noise, a contemporary classical/improv ensemble led by Sicilian composer and double bassist Alessandro Vicard, and he also features regularly on the improv scene with various collections of players including work with Colin Webster, Irene Kepl and many others.
As a teacher, Mark encourages drummers to find their individual voice on the instrument based on their own personal interests. The lessons focus obviously on groove and technique, but also on touch and getting the right feel. Lessons are available for beginners to advanced players and can either take place at the student's house or in my studio in the 7th district.
Kontaktiere Mark
Instrumente Schlagzeug
Genres Blues, Improvisation, Jazz, Rock
Sprachen Englisch
Unterricht zu Hause Ja
Musik. Früherziehung Ja
Rhythmus Ja
Nimm' mit Mark Kontakt auf!


text:
Tegan & Sara 2016 Australian Tour
Canada's Tegan & Sara are returning to Australia, with the announcement of two exclusive shows in Sydney and Melbourne. Performing tracks from their new album Love You to Death, the band will also be appearing at the now sold out Splendour in the Grass.
Love You To Death is the band's 8th studio album and once again finds the group working with producer Greg Kurstin (Adele, Sia, Beck, Ellie Goulding). It is slated for release on June 3rd, with the first single 'Boyfriend' out now.
Boyfriend has already received rave reviews from fans and press alike. Vulture exclaims "Are there two greater pop songwriters walking this Earth than Tegan & Sara Quin? Not many. And oh baby, they're finally back with more synth-pop perfection." SPIN calls the track a "swirling, lushly synthesized confection (handclaps and a f**king killer chorus included),"and Rolling Stone proclaims "The synths beam and blare over thundering percussion, while Sara Quin belts the song's charmingly cheeky and lovestruck hook."
Tegan & Sara have been featured by Buzzfeed in a comprehensive document of the duo's journey over their 17-year career, from their early days to indie rock success, signing to a major label and performing at the Academy Awards, right up to recording Love You to Death. In the unprecedented music profile, Tegan discloses that the album is about "how debilitating and transformative" relationships can be, including those Tegan & Sara have with each other. The album is a product of their strengthened bond and of being more comfortable with who they truly are, and Buzzfeed identifies it as their "strongest, catchiest record to date."
Born in Calgary, Alberta and now residing in Vancouver, BC, Tegan and Sara have won 3 Juno Awards, 2 Polaris Prize nominations and a Grammy nomination.
Sunday 24 July 2016 – Splendour in the Grass, Byron Bay
Monday 25 July 2016 – 170 Russell, Melbourne
Tuesday 26 July 2016 – The Metro, Sydney
www.teganandsara.com
Splendour in the Grass
Splendour Sideshows
Frankie Cosmos Australian 2020 Tour
Raise 'Em Up – Give A Real Hand to Those Affected by the Australian Bushfires
Crooked Colours Australian 2020 Tour


text:
The Free Library > Health > Health, general > Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences > March 17, 2016
The Free Library > Date > 2016 > March > 17 > Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
A clinicopathological study of cutaneous granuloma.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+clinicopathological+study+of+cutaneous+granuloma.-a0470559615
MLA style: "A clinicopathological study of cutaneous granuloma.." The Free Library. 2016 Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited 29 Jan. 2022 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+clinicopathological+study+of+cutaneous+granuloma.-a0470559615
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. A clinicopathological study of cutaneous granuloma.." Retrieved Jan 29 2022 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+clinicopathological+study+of+cutaneous+granuloma.-a0470559615
APA style: A clinicopathological study of cutaneous granuloma.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 29 2022 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+clinicopathological+study+of+cutaneous+granuloma.-a0470559615
Granulomas form as a response to insoluble, non-degradable, or slowly released antigens, which cause transformation of histiocytes into activated macrophages, epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. There are two types of granulomas which differ in their pathogenesis; foreign body and immune granulomas. Foreign body granulomas are formed around inert foreign bodies without T-cell mediated immune responses. Immune granulomas are caused by a variety of agents like persistent microbes or self-antigens, which induce a persistent T-cell mediated immune response. (1) In clinical practice, foreign body granulomas and immune granulomas of infective origin are mostly encountered.
Granulomas from different agents often share clinical similarities and histology also often creates a picture of ambiguity. In such situations, a co-ordination between the dermatologist and pathologist becomes mandatory.
The study was undertaken to study the incidence and varied clinical manifestations of various cutaneous granulomas, to correlate the clinical and laboratory findings, mainly histopathology, in establishing clinicopathological concordance and confirming aetiological diagnosis. An attempt was also made to compare the efficacy of diagnostic strategies used with other studies.
This cross-sectional study based on hospital records was done in the Dermatology and Venereology Department of a tertiary care hospital. Proper permission was taken from hospital authorities for use of data for research purpose; any identification data was duly removed. A period of one year was chosen for operational feasibility as collected hospital records had to be analysed and some data needed to be corroborated with the results in the Department of Pathology. The number of cases collected over this period also seemed adequate for the study. Data was included in a specially prepared proforma for the study and subjected to statistical analysis. Photographs and photomicrographs used were available with the authors.
* Statistical methods used were descriptive statistics and Chi squared tests were done whenever appropriate for drawing inference.
* Patient's presenting with chronic (More than six weeks) skin lesions.
* Lesions comprising of indurated nodules, noduloulcerative lesions, papules, sinuses with or without scarring, non-healing ulcers, verrucous and hypertrophied plaques, vascular mass with induration and manifesting two out of three cardinal signs of leprosy.
* Patients who had undergone mandatory investigations like blood haemogram, routine examination of urine and stool, blood biochemistry, biopsy and histopathological examination (Except the cases of syphilis as serological tests are considered confirmatory for diagnosis).
* Patients who had undergone special investigations like direct microscopy for fungal elements, slit skin smear, Mantoux test, Dark Ground Illumination (DGI) tests, serological tests for syphilis and fungal culture in Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar whenever indicated. Special stains like Gram's, Giemsa, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Lactophenol Blue and Ziehl Neelsen complemented the above tests.
* Those who had not undergone the mandatory tests, except the cases of syphilis.
* Cases with incomplete data.
Out of a total of 14,164 cases seen in the Dermatology OPD in the study period, number of cases presenting with cutaneous granuloma was 300 (2.11%). The commonest cutaneous granuloma encountered was leprosy (69.33%) followed by fungal (11.33%) and tubercular (8%) granuloma. Syphilis along with other less frequently diagnosed granulomas accounted for 1.34% of cases (Fig. 1).
Maximum cases were from the 20-29 years age group; youngest was a case of BCG granuloma, 6 months of age. (Fig. 2). There was a definite male preponderance of 72.33%. Patients from urban background outnumbered rural 2.06:1. History of trauma was elicited in 38 patients (24 males, 14 females) presenting with fungal and tubercular granulomas. The site most commonly affected was the upper extremity (30.36%) followed by lower extremity (29.68%), trunk including genitalia and lymph nodes (22.09%) and scalp, face and neck including lymph nodes (17.86%).
Out of 208 clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy, clinical features of tuberculoid leprosy (TT) were seen in 20 (9.6%), borderline tuberculoid (BT) in 99 (47.6%), mid borderline (BB) in 25 (12.0%), borderline lepromatous (BL) in 28 (13.5%) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) in 36 (17.3%) including 4 (1.92%) cases of histoid leprosy. Smear positivity for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was found in 25.96%. A total of 174 (83.7%) cases showed evidence of leprosy on Histopathological Examination (HPE); of these clinical and histopathological correlation was found in 124 (59.6%). The clinicopathological concordance among the various subtypes of leprosy was significant with a p value of 0.008, Chi-square value=18.900 and df=4 (Table 1).
Fungal granulomas accounted for 34 (11.33%) cases, of which 25 (73.5%) were sporotrichosis, 4 (11.76%) chromoblastomycosis (Fig. 3), 3 (8.82%) mycetoma and 1 (2.94%) each of rhinosporidiosis and candida granuloma. Histological evaluation showed definite evidence of fungal granuloma in 26 (76.47%), non-specific changes in 6 (17.64%) and 1 (2.94%) showed a picture consistent with tubercular granuloma. No specific organism or asteroid bodies were seen in any of the cases of sporotrichosis; characteristic muriform or sclerotic bodies (Fig. 4) could be seen in all 4 cases of chromoblastomycosis, grains with multiple small abscesses (Fig. 5) were seen in 2 out of 3 cases of mycetoma and the single case of rhinosporidiosis (Fig. 6) showed multiple sporangia in different stages of development (Fig. 6, 7). A total of 25 (73.53%) cases confirmed a growth consistent with the causative organism when subject to mycological culture.
The next group was tubercular granulomas. Out of the 24 clinically diagnosed cases, clinical features of lupus vulgaris (Including one case of BCG granuloma) was seen in maximum number of 12 (50%), scrofuloderma in 10 (41.7%), tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in 2 (8.3%) cases. Biopsy and HPE showed definite evidence of tubercular granuloma in 22 (91.67%) cases; 11 (91.67%) of lupus vulgaris, all cases of scrofuloderma and 1 (50%) case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. A single case of scrofuloderma showed presence of bacilli. Mantoux positivity was seen in 20 (83.33%) cases.
Primary and secondary syphilis accounted for 17 cases. Dark Ground Illumination (DGI) was found to be positive in 13 (76.47%) cases. Serological tests showed 100% positivity. Biopsy and HPE were not available.
Four patients diagnosed clinically as foreign body granulomas, presenting with indolent, asymptomatic nodules over different areas of the body like breast (Scar), forehead, forearm with antihelix and lower leg were biopsied. Excision biopsy and HPE showed pictures of a suture granuloma, silica granuloma, ruptured sebaceous cyst and gouty tophi with granulomatous reaction (Fig. 8), showing 100% concordance. Parasitic granuloma was clinically considered from the history and site of presentation in 3 patients, viz. nodules over forehead in one; abdomen, ear and arm in another; and scrotal en largement with discharging sinus in the third. Histopathological examination was consistent with our clinical diagnosis in all 3 (100%) cases; bodies of cysticerci (Fig. 9) and microfilaria (Fig. 10) with granulomatous reaction were established in 2 and 1 case respectively.
Three cases were clinically suspected to be suffering from Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV); two cases presented with bubo, 1 with genital elephantiasis. Lymph node biopsy showed consistent findings in 2 (66.67%) patients (Fig. 11).
Rhinoscleroma involving the nose was the clinical diagnosis in 2 cases, which gave consistent findings on histology (100%). Donovanosis was clinically suspected in 2 cases, presenting as granulomatous ulcers over genitalia; diagnosis was established in one case (50%) through tissue smear and HPE. The other case showed features of non-keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma. Two cases were clinically diagnosed as actinomycosis from lesions over maxillary and mandibular regions.
HPE gave consistent findings in one case (50%). Features of granulomatous mycosis fungoides was found on HPE of noduloulcerative lesions on face of an old man presenting with similar lesions over the face, trunk, upper extremities showing 100% clinicopathological concordance.
Out of the 283 cases that underwent biopsy and histopathological examination, 236 cases showed positive results accounting for 83.39%. Seventeen cases that did not undergo biopsy were clinically suspected cases of syphilis where serology and bacteriological study were considered confirmatory for clinical purpose (Table 2).
Syphilis was not included in the table as biopsy and histopathological tests were not done.
The commonest cutaneous granuloma in our study was leprosy followed by fungal granuloma, tubercular granuloma and others amounting to an OPD attendance of 2.11%. Our study is very similar to a study by Permi et al. where maximum number of cases was of tuberculosis followed by leprosy and other granulomas accounting for 2.1%. (2)
Males outnumbered females in our study with a ratio of 2.6:1 comparable with most studies, while it differed from observations by Zafar et al. The maximum number of cases was seen in 20 to 29 years' age group, which is in conformity to studies by other authors. (2-4)
The highest number of cases with cutaneous granuloma was leprosy accounting for 208 (69.33%) cases. Leprosy was the commonest clinical type in most studies, while tuberculosis formed the commonest group in few others. (2-7) The highest number of cases was seen in the Borderline group amounting to 152 (73.08%) cases, which are in agreement with few and differed from other studies where TT and LL were the common types. Histopathological examination of all biopsies showed definite evidence of leprosy in 174 (83.7%) cases, correlation was found in 124 (59.6%), which is similar to earlier studies by workers where it ranged from 33.75 to 80.4%.
The maximum concordance was observed in the LL group (77-78%), which is similar to studies by various workers where parity with LL ranged from 75.86% to 95.2% respectively. This reiterates the fact that maximum parity is observed in the polar group, as they are stable and show a fixed histopathology. (6,8) Concordance observed in the borderline group was 56.58%. Many observers have found minimum concordance in borderline groups, probably because of variable lesions with variable histology in the same patient. The low parity in the TT group in our study disagrees with other workers and could be due to incorrect clinical assessment. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in 25.9%; it has varied from 25.72% to 44.6% in various studies. (9)
The highest number of cases of fungal granuloma comprised of sporotrichosis (73.5%), followed by chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, rhinosporidiosis and candida granuloma. The pattern is different from studies by workers in Singapore and Mangalore, where commonest types were mycetoma and aspergillus respectively, while it is similar to a recent study from the same part of the country. The relative difference in our clinical pattern from the earlier studies is probably due to the significantly different geographical location and governing diverse conditions of temperature and humidity. (2,10) Concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis for the fungal granulomas was 26 (76.46%) showing the following pattern; sporotrichosis 72%, chromoblastomycosis 100%, mycetoma 66.6%, rhinosporidiosis 100% and candida granuloma 100%. Out of all the cases subject to fungal culture, consistent growth was confirmed with 25 (73.53%) with sporotrichosis showing 76%, chromoblastomycosis 75%, mycetoma 66.67% and candida 100% positivity.
Rhinosporidiosis did not show any growth. A disparity may occur between fungal culture and histology in situations where tissue set for culture does not contain viable fungus, has been ground too aggressively and has been sampled from two different areas. (11) Direct microscopy from crusts and scraping was positive in 2 (50%) cases of chromoblastomycosis and one case of candida. One case of mycetoma showed thick hyphae of eumycetoma, while neither yeast like cells or asteroid bodies were seen in sporotrichosis which is similar to other studies, possibly due to the paucity of yeasts in tissues. (12) The diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was confirmed by HPE; no growth was seen on culture. R. Seeberi is in fact a protistan parasite that cannot be cultured. (13)
Tubercular granuloma made up for 24 (8%) cases and displayed a clinical pattern, which matched with studies from across the country where lupus vulgaris was the commonest type followed by scrofuloderma and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis; scrofuloderma was the commonest clinical type in some other studies. Mantoux test was found to be positive in 20 (83.33%) cases; positivity has been reported from 68 to 100% in various studies.
Out of 24 cases of tubercular granuloma subject to histopathology, 22 (91.67%) cases showed definite evidence of tubercular granuloma, which is similar to 96% concordance observed by Acharya et al. and differs from Sharma S et al. who observed in approximately 70.9%. One of the cases with inconsistent histology had a picture consistent with fungal granuloma. Caseation necrosis was seen in 4 (25%) cases of lupus vulgaris, 1 (50%) case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and 10 (100%) cases of scrofuloderma along with AFB positivity in only one case of scrofuloderma, comparable to a study by Thakur et al. Though demonstration of AFB is very specific for diagnosis, it cannot be detected easily as observed from other studies too. (6,14-16)
Syphilis constituted 17 (5.67%) cases. All the cases were reactive with Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test; and tested positive by treponemal tests. Dark-Ground Illumination (DGI) microscopy showed treponema pallidum in 13 (76.47%) cases. Serological tests form the mainstay in the diagnosis and followup of syphilis. (17) Moreover, as most patients were reluctant to undergo biopsy, none of the patients presenting with primary and secondary syphilis had been further sent for histopathological confirmation. Two cases were clinically diagnosed as actinomycosis. Gram stain showed gram negative bacilli, HPE confirmed presence of suppurative granulomas with central actinomycotic colonies in one patient. Permi et al. and Mirza M et al. found similar findings in all their cases, while 100% concordance was found by Bansal et al. (2,6) Patients clinically diagnosed as foreign body and parasitic granulomas showed 100% clinicopathological concordance in conformity to other studies.
In these cases, history and clinical background, rather than morphology helped in clinical diagnosis. (2) Three cases clinically diagnosed as LGV were confirmed through histopathological examination of lymph nodes. Donovanosis clinically amounted to 2 cases; tissue smear and HPE confirmed diagnosis in 1 (50%). Donovan bodies have been found from 21% to 75% in other studies. (18) both the cases of rhinoscleroma diagnosed clinically showed histopathological confirmation. Section from both cases showed abundance of plasma cells, foamy histiocytic cells, polymorphs and Russell bodies. Histiocytes and plasma cells were seen predominantly in all their cases by Permi and Meyer, while Russell bodies were seen in 40% and 22.22% cases respectively. (19) A clinically suspicious case of noduloulcerative lesions was histopathologically confirmed to be granulomatous mycosis fungoides.
Out of the 283 cases who underwent biopsy and histopathological examination, 236 cases showed positive results accounting for 83.39% clinicopathological concordance, which is similar to studies by authors who have obtained 92%, 87.8% and 88.7% positivity. (26,20) But it differed from studies by authors where etiological diagnosis was established in only 22.7% and 31% respectively. (4,21) The studies which showed similar findings with ours used similar diagnostic methods in establishing their diagnosis. Studies which differed in their findings were also conducted along similar lines; minor variation was seen in the special stains used. The high percentage of clinicopathological concordance in most studies bears testimony to the fact that time tested technique of biopsy and histopathological evaluation for diagnosis of granulomatous disorders was and still reigns as the gold standard. The absence of concordance in some patients could be attributable to some drawback either with the dermatologist or the pathologist or a communication gap. A thorough clinical evaluation followed by cooperation between the clinician and pathologist is mandatory and is much more relevant in dermatology than in any other discipline of medicine.
Granulomatous lesions encompass a wide plethora of clinical manifestations and an equally robust basket of diagnostic tools. In developing countries, granulomas of infective origin are frequently encountered. Setting too high standards for diagnosis will prove to be exorbitant, burdensome and unfeasible for patients who come from various strata of life and often acquire these pathogens during occupational exposure. Arrival at an early diagnosis becomes mandatory to mitigate the inexorable threat of morbidity and mortality, besides curtailing mental, physical and financial loss. Histopathology remains a time tested tool for establishing a correct diagnosis like in many other diseases pertaining to various organ systems of the body. (16)
But, in the present scenario, integration of newer ancillary tools like immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) etc. as a diagnostic adjunct to histopathology will definitely provide a solution to the problem of diagnostic ambiguity even further.
I am very grateful to Dr. Swapna Kakoty, Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Dr. Uddip Talukdar, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, FAAMC&H for their continuous guidance and immense help towards the statistical analysis and editing of this manuscript.
(1.) Kumar V, Abbas A, Aster J. Inflammation and repair. In: Kumar V, Abbas A, Aster J, et al, editors. Robbin's & cotran pathologic basis of medicine. South Asia ed. Reed Elsevier; 2014;69-111.
(2.) Permi HS, Shetty JK, Shetty PK, et al. A histopathological study of granulomatous inflammation. NUJHS 2012;2:15-19.
(3.) Pawale J, Belagatti SL, Naidu V, et al. Histopathological study of cutaneous granuloma. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2011;2:74-79.
(4.) Zafar M Naved Uz, Sadiq S, Memon M Arif. Morphological study of different granulomatous lesions of the skin. J Pak Assoc Derma 2008;18:21-28.
(5.) Bansal C, Batra M, Sharma KL, et al. Facial granulomatous dermatoses: a clinic-pathological study. Journal of Saudi Society of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery 2013;17:55-61.
(6.) Bal A, Mohan H, Dhami GP. Infectious granulomatous dermatitis: a clinico pathological study. Indian J Dermatol 2006;51:217-220.
(7.) Dhar S, Dhar S. Histopathological features of granulomatous skin diseases: an analysis of 22 skin biopsies. Indian J Dermatol 2002;47:88-90.
(8.) Thakkar S, Patel S. Clinical profile of leprosy patients: a prospective study. Indian J Dermatol 2014;59:158-162.
(9.) Sharma A, Sharma RK, Goswami KC, et al. Clinico-histological correlation in leprosy. JK Science 2008;10:120-123.
(10.) Bordoloi P, Nath R, Borgohain M, et al. Subcutaneous mycoses: aetiological study of 15 cases in a tertiary care hospital at Dibrugarh, Assam, northeast India. Mycopathologica 2015;179:425-435.
(11.) Ribes JA, Vanover-Sams CL, Baker DJ. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13:236-301.
(12.) Verma S, Verma GK, Singh G, et al. Sporotrichosis in sub-himalayan India. Plos Negl Trop Dis 2012;6:e1673.
(13.) Arseculeratne SN. Rhinosporidiosis: what is the cause? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2005;18:113-118.
(14.) Acharya KM, Ranpara H, Dutta R, et al. A clinicopathological study of 50 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis in Jamnagar District. Indian J Dermatol 1997;63:301-303.
(15.) Sharma S, Sehgal VN, Bhattacharyya SN, et al. Clinicopathologic spectrum of cutaneous tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis of 165 Indians. Am J Dermatopathol 2015;37:444-450.
(16.) Thakur BK, Verma S, Hazarika D. A clinicopathological study of cutaneous tuberculosis at Dibrugarh district, Assam. Indian J Dermatol 2012;57:63-65.
(17.) Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2005;16(1):45-51.
(18.) Rege VL, Sukla P. Profile of genital sores in Goa. Ind J Sex Trans Dis 1993;14:10-14.
(19.) Meyer PR, Shum TK, Becker TS, et al. Scleroma (Rhinoscleroma) a histologic, immunohisto chemical study with bacteriologic correlates. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1983;107:377-383.
(20.) Gautam K, Pai RR, Bhat S. Granulomatous lesions of the skin. Journal of Pathology of Nepal 2011;1:81-86.
(21.) El-Khalawany M, Meerag I, Eassa B, et al. Clinicopathological feature and the practice of diagnosing infectious cutaneous granulomas in Egypt. Int J Infect Dis 2011;15:e620-e626
Bornali Dutta [1], Rajib Ray Baruah [2], Mohammad Muidul Huda [3], Bijoy Chandra Gogoi [4], Anjali Dutta [5]
[1] Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, FAAMC&H, Assam.
[2] Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Surgery, GMC&H, Assam.
[3] Retd. Professor and HOD, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, AMC&H, Assam.
[4] Retd. Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology AMC&H, Assam.
[5] Retd. Professor, Department of Pathology, AMC&H, Assam.
Financial or Other, Competing Interest: None.
Submission 20-01-2016, Peer Review 29-02-2016, Acceptance 05-03-2016, Published 17-03-2016.
Dr. Bornali Dutta, C1, Krishna Cauvery Enclave, D Neog Path, Behind Dona Planet, ABC, Guwahati-781005, Assam.
E-mail: dr.bornali.dutta@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2016/275
Table 1: Showing Clinical and Histological
correlation of the various Types of Leprosy
Histopathologica   P value
Clinical    Yes     No
TT          20      10        2 = 18.900
BT          59      40           df=4
BB          15      10        p value = 0.008
BL          12      16
LL          28      08
Table 2: Showing overall Clinicohistopathological
correlation of Cutaneous Granulomas
Histological
Confirmation        P value
Clinical Types                    Yes    No     Chi squared test was
not done as some of
Leprosy                           174    34     the expected values
Fungal granuloma                  26     8        were less than 5
Tubercular granuloma              22     2
Foreign body granuloma            22     2
Parasitic granuloma               4      0
Lymphogranuloma venereum          3      0
Actinomycosis                     2      1
Rhinoscleroma                     2      0
Donovanosis                       1      1
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides   1      0
Fig. 1: Distribution pattern of Cutaneous Granulomas:
Granulomas (In percentage)
Fig. 1: Distribution Pattern Of Cutaneous Granulomas (in %)
Leprosy                           (69.33)
Fungal                            (11.33)
Tubercular                          (8.0)
Syphilis                           (5.67)
Foreign Body                       (1.33)
Parasitic                           (1.0)
LGV                                 (1.0)
Actinomycosis                      (0.67)
Rhinoscleroma                      (0.67)
Donovanosis                        (0.67)
Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides    (0.33)
Note: Table made from pie chart.
COPYRIGHT 2016 Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited
Title Annotation:
Dutta, Bornali; Baruah, Rajib Ray; Huda, Mohammad Muidul; Gogoi, Bijoy Chandra; Dutta, Anjali
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
Perforated peptic ulcer: a clinical analysis and outcome.
Management of congenital neurological defects: anaesthesiologist's challenge.
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)


text:
Q: system command bash I want to use the system command in a bash shell script. Being more specific,
if some condition  in awk is satisfied (number of working nodes is 17) I want
to send me an email, I wrote the following code:
showq | grep nodes | awk '{if ($3 == 17) system("mailx -s 'Everything is Ok' armando@nodes.com <<EOF Tranquiquis EOF")  ; else  print "some nodes are not working"; fi }'

if I typed that I get the message:
awk: {if ($3 == 17) system("mailx -s Everything
awk:                       ^ unterminated string
The problem I think is related to how the body of the message is specified. I don't
know how to do it. I have tried several ways to fix the error but no success.
regards.

A: As 2 other answers have stated, the problem is your use of single quotes.  Unfortunately, the recommended solution they give (backslash escaping the single quote) does not work.  You cannot get a single quote by escaping it within a single quoted string.  The easiest solution for you is to write:

system("mailx -s \"Everything is Ok\" ...

A: you are using single quotes for awk command, and inside them, single quotes for the text you should escape them with a backslash.

A: I found the problem, it had nothing to do with single quotes. Actually, I was using commands like 'showq' but one must use the whole
path of the command in this way: '/opt/moab/bin/showq' in crontabs.
Thanks.

A: showq | grep nodes | awk '
{
  if ($3 == 17)
    system("mailx -s \47Everything is Ok\47 armando@nodes.com <<eof" RS \
    "Tranquiquis" RS "eof")
  else print "some nodes are not working"
}
'

*

*Use octal escapes instead of single quotes

*You need newlines inside of that heredoc

*"fi" is not valid for Awk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Microcenter: Toshiba Canvio Desk 3TB SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Desktop External Hard Drive for only $109 for Black Friday 2014!
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Dallas PD holds community event to help people find jobs, stop recent violence
One dead in small plane crash in Texas
Barry downgraded back to tropical storm as it makes landfall in Louisiana
A Little Night Music
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Jerry Jones declines to discuss national anthem policy
Jerry Jones says he has been told not to discuss NFL anthem policy
Jerry Jones declines to talk about anthem policy
Doocy explains declining interview after Jerry Jones wouldn't speak about anthem protests
Video Posted Jul 30 2018 09:31PM CDT
OXNARD, Calif. - The annual training camp chat between FOX 4's Mike Doocy and Cowboys owner Jerry Jones did not happen this year.
Right before their time to talk, the Cowboys told Doocy he could not ask any questions about the national anthem policy. Doocy said, "No thanks."
"If you don't want me to sit in this chair I won't sit in this chair," Jones said.
"Okay, alright," Doocy said.
"That's good," Jones said.
Doocy said he has no hard feelings against Jones but was upset that the restrictions came with little warning. It was only after Doocy declined that they then said the NFL made the requirements.
"In some ways I'm violating my own policy here. I've always felt its better even if there are conditions put on an interview to talk to the newsmaker to get some information out of them that would be of value to viewers," he said. "So if I let you down I apologize. I just couldn't accept the way it happened in this particular case."
Jones' remarks at the Cowboys camp news conference last week might have bene the last we hear from him regarding the anthem policy for some time. He drew the ire of the NFL when he declared his players must stand for the anthem.
It was a departure from the policy NFL owners had decided on in May that players on the field should stand. But those who want to stay in the locker room as a form of protest will not be penalized.
Even that policy is currently on hold while the NFL and players' association meet confidentially to work out a new anthem agreement.
Michael Lysko, a former Canadian football league commissioner, says the NFL is likely banning Jones from commenting to avoid jeopardizing those talks.
"I think it's always better for the league to have a common voice," Lysko said. "It's always better for the league to work with the PA to sort issues out."
Lysko says its critical the NFL and players' union reach an agreement on the anthem. Some surveys say the anthem protests and debate surrounding it were behind a drop in TV ratings last season.
"It doesn't make their job easy at all to have even their owners who are supposed to be on their side, doing things counter to what they are trying to do collectively," Lysko said.
For now, Jones been following the NFL's decree to stay silent on the anthem and refused to take questions on the topic in interviews on Sunday.
If the NFL and players' union are to reach an agreement on an anthem policy, that could happen very soon. Preseason starts on Thursday.
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STATELINE, Nev. (AP) - Defending champion Tony Romo birdied six of his final 11 holes to take the first-round lead Friday in the American Century Championship at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course.
The former Dallas Cowboys quarterback turned NFL analyst shot a 2-under 70 and scored 26 points in the celebrity tournament that uses the modified Stableford scoring system.
Arizona Cardinals cornerback Patrick Peterson was two points back, and former major league pitcher Derek Lowe was another point behind. Hall of Fame pitcher John Smoltz was fourth at 22, and actor Jack Wagner, a two-time winner in the event, had 21.
Josh Brent's arrest warrant recalled after arrest for public intoxication in Coppell
The arrest warrant for probation violation against former Dallas Cowboys player Josh Brent has now been recalled.
Brent was arrested nearly two weeks ago in Coppell for public intoxication, resisting arrest and assault on a public servant.
A 911 caller said there was a man talking to himself and sitting under a tree in a parking lot. Police say Brent had to be tased before he was taken into custody.
New warrant issued for ex-Cowboy Josh Brent for probation violation
A new arrest warrant has been issued for ex-Dallas Cowboys lineman Josh Brent for allegedly violating the terms of his probation.
That warrant is the first step in what could be a move to revoke Brent's probation after his recent arrest.
Brent is serving 10 years probation for the drunken driving death of Cowboys teammate, Jerry Brown Jr. in a 2012 accident. He was arrested June 30 after Coppell police received a call about a man sitting under a tree and talking to himself in a Wendy's parking lot.
Dallas officers return fire at suspect, fatally shoot him
North Texas dental office offers free services to low-income, underinsured patients
Crews to begin emptying apartments where crane collapsed


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Melbourne is home to more than 100 art galleries, ranging from large public galleries to smaller independent commercial galleries and artist-run spaces. However much time you've allowed for exploring the city's galleries, double it.
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Melbourne's compact Arts Precinct is home to four of city's the biggest and best galleries: the Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia – the world's first major public gallery dedicated to Australian art – NGV International, Buxton Contemporary and the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art.
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Discover groundbreaking works by local and international artists in galleries and cooperatives all across the city. Top spots to explore include the CBD's Flinders Lane and city-fringe suburbs Fitzroy, Collingwood, Prahran and Windsor. Slightly further afield, Armadale is well worth a visit for its high-end commercial galleries.
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For art in the outdoors, wander among the sculptures at the Heide Museum of Modern Art and Herring Island, or explore the city's public art.
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Tim Ross, comedian and design geek, introduces some unique Melbourne locals and the museums they inhabit.
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See one of the most impressive collections of European, Asian, Oceanic and American art at this iconic Melbourne gallery.
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Focus your attention on a diverse range of contemporary photo-based art exhibitions from local and international, emerging and established artists.
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