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The G. B. Dealey Library and Reading Room at the Hall of State
A quiet place to read or study… (click for larger image)
by Paula Bosse
I spent time this week walking around the G. B. Dealey Library and Reading Room at the Hall of State in Fair Park. It is part of the Dallas Historical Society, and it is a quiet, high-ceilinged, airy-but-cozy Western-themed oasis filled with lots of warm wood and featuring two large murals by legendary El Paso artist Tom Lea. If you haven't seen it, I highly encourage you to go take a look.
What we now call the Hall of State was the architectural jewel in the crown of the Art Deco splendor created throughout Fair Park for the Texas Centennial Exposition in 1936. The room now housing the Dealey Library was originally the West Texas Room — one of four geographically-specific rooms in the Hall of State. The two Tom Lea murals (one depicting a cowboy, the other, pioneers) are on opposite walls (walls finished with an adobe-like plaster, decorated with famous Texas brands, in relief). One wall is covered with cowhide. There are painted ceramic tiles set into both the walls and the floor (the ones on the floor decorated with images of cactus are great!). There is a wood sculpture of a cowboy, carved by Dallas artist Dorothy Austin, who was only 25 years old when the Centennial opened. And … well — like everything in the Hall of State — everywhere you look you see incredible attention to detail. Every fixture, grating, knob … everything is absolutely wonderful.
In 1989, after a two-and-a-half-year renovation, the West Texas Room became the home of the G. B. Dealey Library (named in honor of the former publisher of The Dallas Morning News). The project was headed by architect Downing Thomas who took great care in choosing the Arts and Crafts-style furniture (the chairs, tables, and bookcases were handmade by Thomas Moser in Portland, Maine, the chairs emblazoned with bronze Texas stars and upholstered in tanned leather), reading lamps with mica shades (made by Boyd Lighting of San Francisco), and a woven rug by Sally Vowell of Fort Worth (I don't recall seeing a rug, but there's a lot to take in and I might have missed it). I really love this room.
When the library opened in November, 1989, the first guest through the doors was Tom Lea who had been shocked to learn that his then-53-year-old murals were still in place. And they're still there, 81 years after Lea created them. And you should go see them.
The library and reading room is open Tuesday-Sunday, same hours as the Hall of State. If you are interested in researching materials from the collection of the Dallas Historical Society, you are encouraged to contact the staff in advance of your visit and make an appointment; though the room is open to the public, research hours are limited. More about this and the hours of operation can be found here.
Below, one of the Tom Lea Murals can be (partially) seen above the cowhide wall-covering and above Dorothy Austin's cowboy sculpture. (Click photo to see a larger image.) That light fixture is fantastic! (See the full Tom Lea mural here.)
Here's the view from the back corner looking toward the entrance, over which can be seen Lea's second mural.
In the photo at the very top, you can see the floor, which is studded with all sorts of cactus-themed tiles. Here are examples of four of them.
My absolute favorite of the cactus tiles is this one, in a very Japanese-like rendering.
That's what the room looks like today. Here are a few photos of the West Texas Room under construction in 1936 (photos from the Dallas Historical Society's Centennial Visual Collection). The first one shows Dorothy Austin standing below the Tom Lea mural, about where her cowboy statue would be placed. Those ceilings are pretty high.
And here's the statue. (See Austin's statue close up, here, in a 2014 photo by Carol M. Highsmith, from the Library of Congress.)
And here is a look into the room from the entrance, showing a construction crew at work.
Below are 28-year-old Tom Lea's thoughts on being informed of his important commission, from the El Paso Herald Post, March 24, 1936. (Click to see larger image.)
It seems strange that Lea was only in the preliminary-drawing stage of the murals' creation in March — the Centennial was scheduled to open in June, less than three months away. (It's worth noting that even though the Centennial — which ran for almost six months — opened in June, the Hall of State did not open to the public until September, three months behind schedule and the only Exposition building that did not meet its deadline. It was finally dedicated on September 5, 1936, the 100th anniversary of Sam Houston's election as the first President of Texas.)
Below, a photo of Mr. Lea at the 1989 opening of the Dealey Library, with his 1936 mural behind him.
via Tom Lea Institute
To read more details on the 1989 opening of the G. B. Library and the renovation of the West Texas Room, please check out these articles from The Dallas Morning News archives:
"A Rare Blend — Art Deco, Western and Shaker Unite for a Modern Adaptation at the Hall of State" by Mariana Greene (DMN, Nov. 12, 1989)
"G. B. Dealey Library Dedicated at Fair Park — Center Will House Texas Documents" by Todd Coplivetz (DMN, Nov. 13, 1989)
"How the West was East at the Hall of State Redo" by Alan Peppard (DMN, Nov. 14, 1989)
"An Old Friend Triumphs Anew: The Hall of State Redo Affirms the Power of Great Architecture" by David Dillon (DMN, Nov. 14, 1989)
"Reviving a Cultural Paean to Dallas — Fair Park Changes Designed to Restore Centennial's Glory" by David Dillon (DMN, April 9, 1986) (this article concerns Fair Park as a whole)
Sources & Notes
Photos of the Dealey Library and Hall of State door (below) are by me.
Photos of the West Texas Room from 1936 are from the collection of the Dallas Historical Society. You can search through low-res thumbnails of some of the images from their very large collection here.
As mentioned above, if you plan a trip to the Dealey Library in order to inspect or research items from the DHS collection, these materials must be requested in advance and an appointment must be scheduled (info here).
More on Tom Lea (1907-2001) can be found at the Tom Lea Institute website, here (with specific information on the Hall of State murals here); a profusely illustrated blog post with an emphasis on his time as a WWII artist-correspondent can be found here.
Obituary for Dorothy Austin Webberley (1911-2001) can be found on the Dallas Morning News site, here; family obituary is here.
Detailed info on the architecture and design of the Hall of State can be found in a Dallas Historical Society PDF, here. The Wikipedia entry is here (someone please correct the erroneous info that the Dealey Library is in the "East" Texas room!), and the always informative Watermelon Kid site has information on the East Texas and West Texas rooms here.
A series of photos of Fair Park, taken in 2014 by Carol M. Highsmith, can be found at the Library of Congress website, here. Her photo of the Hall of State is below.
And, lastly, a photo I took showing one of my favorite elements of a building packed with aesthetically pleasing details (seriously, everywhere you look): one of the doors of the main entrance to the Hall of State, designed by Houston architect Donald Barthelme, honoring Texas industry (ranching, timber, oil, agriculture, etc.). That sawmill blade gets me every time. And the aerial perspective of oil coming up through a derrick (middle right) is pretty cool, too. (Click to see a larger, more exciting image!)
Copyright © 2017 Paula Bosse. All Rights Reserved.
Update on Accessing Dallas City Directories For Free
A couple of months ago I wrote the post "How to Access Historical Dallas City Directories Online," which was, mainly, to give instructions on how to view, for free, scanned city directories from the years 1875 to 1979 online, via the Dallas Public Library website — all that is needed is a current library card issued in the city of Dallas.
Last night, I stumbled across twenty of these Dallas directories on the Portal to Texas History site, issued in various years between 1902 and 1961, scanned in their entirety by the Dallas Public Library. Ironically, several of these scans are far superior to the ones viewable on the Dallas Public Library website (scans which come from HeritageQuest, a database offered to libraries nationally). Many of those scans are, frustratingly, only partial — especially concerning the years 1936-1943; the scans on the Portal site come from directories in the collection of the Dallas Public Library, and they are complete. I'm know I see these things from a nerdy perspective, but this is very exciting!
I've updated my post linked above, but to see the 20 Dallas directories (complete with residential and business listings, street directories, and ads), you can find them here.
Thank you, Dallas Public Library for the full scans, and thank you, University of North Texas for providing them to the public for free on your becoming-more-indispensable-by-the-day Portal to Texas History website and database!
Image from the 1902 Worley's Dallas Directory, found on the Portal to Texas History site, here. (Hiram F. Lively was a lawyer and county judge.)
How To Access Historical Dallas City Directories Online
Ad from the 1883 Dallas directory… (click for larger image)
Two of the most important resources I use in delving into Dallas history are newspaper archives and city directories. A couple of years ago I wrote about how to access the indispensable online historical archive of The Dallas Morning News, beginning in 1885 (that post is here), but I haven't written about how to use the equally important database(s) containing scans of Dallas city directories, beginning with the 1875 directory.
1888-1889 Morrison & Fourmy's Dallas directory
There are two ways to do this online: for free, and as part of a subscription (pay) service. I started out by accessing the directories through the Ancestry website, which you have to pay for/subscribe to. It was only recently that I discovered that (as far as I can tell) the exact same directories available on Ancestry are accessible through the Dallas Public Library website — for FREE. All you need is a library card. (You must be a resident of the City of Dallas in order to qualify for a library card. There is more about who can get a library and how one must do this — it requires physically going to a branch with proof of residency — I've included this information in that earlier post, here.) (There are a few free online sources which require no library card and no subscription — see those at the bottom of this post.)
Once you have your card and have registered for an account at the Dallas Public Library website, here's what you do next:
Log into your account, here
Click on "DATABASES" at the top
Scroll down, click on "GENEALOGY"
Scroll down, click on "HERITAGEQUEST"
Click on "CITY DIRECTORIES" at the top (you will be able to search through many city directories from around the country, not just the ones from Dallas — and, as you can see, there are all sorts of other interesting databases here, too, such as census records, etc.)
Enter the name you're looking for and, voilà.
So why are these directories so useful?
Not only can you determine when someone was living in the city, you can see where they lived, what their occupation was, the name of their spouse, and, in some cases, the race of the person (which, while somewhat disconcerting, can sometimes be quite helpful, especially if the person you are looking for has a common name — up until the '20s or so, African-American residents and black-owned businesses were followed by "(c)"). (All images shown here are larger when clicked.)
1907 Worley's directory
There are also ads, like the one at the top taken from the 1883 directory showing Thomas Marsalis' wholesale grocery business. Ads are not only interesting, they can contain a lot of information, and, in some cases, a drawing or photograph of the business or proprietor.
1878 C. D. Morrison & Co. directory
Typical business listings look like this:
1891 Morrison & Fourmy's directory
For me, one of the most useful things I find about these directories is the section containing the street directory. There are city directories covering more than 140 years of Dallas history, and there are a lot of street names you come across in researching a person or a place that no longer exist, have changed names, have the same name as a street in a different part of town (there used to be a lot of street names duplicated in Oak Cliff before it became part of Dallas), etc. These street guides tell you the names of everyone who lived/had businesses on the street (or at least the name of the head of the household or owner of the business), and it gives the names of all cross-streets. An address of 400 Main Street was not in the same location in 1950 as it was in 1900. (See this post on when and why Dallas street numbers changed.) One of the resources I use most is Jim Wheat's easy-to-navigate list of street names from the 1911 directory (it's faster and easier to use than one of the actual directories!), with links to the pertinent scanned page — these pages show you not only the 1911 address (which is often the same address used today) but they also show you what the address was BEFORE the number changed. I can't tell you helpful this has been for me. (See an example here, which shows that before the number changed, 1400 Commerce was 324 Commerce.)
Pages from the 1905 street guide:
One bit of warning: many of the scanned directories that are online are only partial directories — and some years are missing altogether. The directories from the early 1940s, for instance, are a big headache: some have only 20 pages scanned — one wonders why they even bothered. Inevitably, the pages you need (and need badly) are ones that are not available to you, and you will, verily, let fly words your mother would not approve of. Sometimes you can get around the missing data by jumping to the street guide section or the business listings to see if useful info can be found there, but sometimes you are just going to be completely out of luck. This is when a trip to the Dallas Public Library (or possibly just a polite email to an ever-helpful librarian) will help you fill in the blanks, connect the dots, and get that swearing under control. I think they have a complete — or near-complete — set of city directories, either in hard-copy form or on microfilm. (UPDATE: Many of the incomplete directories mentioned above — issued between 1936 and 1943 — are available fully-scanned, for FREE, at the Portal to Texas History. See link at bottom of post.)
You will find so much useful information in these directories that your head will spin. Right off your neck. In a good way. But it's also just enormous fun to browse them and imagine what the city used to be like in, say, 1889 when that year's list of the city's almost 150 saloons looked like this.
HeritageQuest is the service that provides access to scanned U.S. city directories to libraries across the country (it appears to be the same content the genealogy site Ancestry offers its members). This service is available free to holders of library cards. If you do not live in the City of Dallas, check to see if your local library system subscribes to this HeritageQuest database.
Here are a few other free online sources offering Dallas directory info — and these are available to everyone:
I'm updating this post on April 5, 2017 to include an INCREDIBLE selection of (from what I can tell) fully-scanned directories — twenty of them! This includes various years between 1902 and 1961 — including most issued between 1936 and 1941 (only partial scans of these editions are available through HeritageQuest/Ancestry, but here we can see complete directories). Thanks to the Dallas Public Library, everyone can access these Dallas city directories at the Portal to Texas History, here.
Another fully-scanned Dallas directory available online free for everyone can be found on Archive.org: the 1909 Worley's directory is here.
Jim Wheat's Dallas County, Texas Archives has all sorts of incredible stuff on his fantastic site, including links to directory information. Scroll down quite a ways on his main page here, and near the bottom in the left column you'll see several listings under "Dallas City Directories." Wheat manually transcribed a lot of these things himself, and those of us who research Dallas history owe the late Mr. Wheat a debt of gratitude. (UPDATE: The entire Roots Web website — not just Jim Wheat's pages — has been down for several months. One can only hope his hundreds — if not thousands — of hours of work will someday be back online and once again accessible to researchers of Dallas history.)
The Blue House on Browder
The Rosenfield house, in about 2000 (photo courtesy Homeward Bound, Inc.)
Perhaps you've been following the recent brouhaha over the plans to demolish one of the last remaining 19th-century residences in the Cedars area, south of downtown — Robert Wilonsky of The Dallas Morning News has been covering the story here and here and here. The house is in terrible disrepair, but it has the beautiful details of the period, and it's obvious that it was once a lovely house in a well-to-do neighborhood. Preservation Dallas posted this in-better-days photo on their Facebook page:
I thought I'd see what I could find about the history of the house — mainly I wanted to see if I could find who built it and when.
The house currently has the address 1423 Griffin, but before highways were built and streets were moved around, its address was 1015 Browder. Dallas changed almost every address in 1911, so I checked Jim Wheat's very helpful scan of that year's directory which tells us both the new and the old addresses of houses and businesses and also shows what cross-streets those addresses are between.
1911 directory, Browder Street
The original address of the Blue House was 285 Browder Street, between Corsicana and St. Louis. In 1911, P. F. Erb was living there.
Next, I checked the Sanborn maps. The earliest Sanborn map I could find which actually showed this part of Browder was the one from 1892. Here's a detail showing the two-story frame house on the northwest corer of Browder and St. Louis, with Browder running horizontally along the top. The address is 285 Browder. (The house next to it is 169 St. Louis — more on that house later.)
When you look at the full-page map this detail comes from (here), you'll see larger numbers in the middle of the blocks. The block I'm interested in is block 84. Then I hopped over to the Murphy & Bolanz block book to see what I could find there. (I haven't actually used this block book much, mostly because my old computer would not work with the plug-in required to view the pages, and it takes a while to figure out what you're looking at.) When I clicked on "Block 84" in the index, I found this (click for larger image):
Here's the detail of the pertinent block:
The names and other assorted scrawls indicate title change (I think). This page was very helpful, because it told me that this block was originally part of Browder/Browder's Addition, and it was originally classified as Block 13. The lot in question is Lot 5 (and probably Lot 6, because Erb's name shows up under both. So now I had terms to search on.
And then it was just a tedious slog through the Dallas Herald archives (not to be confused with the Dallas Times Herald archives), the Dallas Morning News archives, and old city directories. Here's what I found.
First mention of this particular parcel of land was in The Galveston News on March 24, 1883. P. S. Browder, a Browder family executor, transferred a lot of property — including the two lots I was interested in — to Mr. & Mrs. Nathan Godbold as part of a quitclaim deed (I'm probably not using the correct terminology here…). For one dollar.
Galveston News, Mar. 24, 1883
A few inches of print over, the record shows that Godbold immediately sold Lots 5 and 6 to Dallas real estate czar Charles Bolanz (misspelled below). For $1,000.
A few months later, in July, it was reported that Bolanz had sold the adjoining two lots to T. S. Holden, a young man who worked as a salesman for a wholesale grocery firm but seemed to be engaged in land speculation on the side. (It's a little odd that Bolanz sold it so quickly for a $200 loss, but I'm sure there was probably more to the story.)
Galveston News, July 2, 1883
At some point, these two lots were sold to Max Rosenfield, another young man who was buying up land in the hopes that its value would increase. From Dallas Rediscovered by William L. McDonald:
"The year 1884 also saw the opening of a new housing subdivision by two Jewish real estate speculators, Gerson Meyer and Max Rosenfield. Their development, bounded by Akard, Corsicana, Browder, and St. Louis streets, was sold primarily to Jewish families who had begun to arrive as early as 1872 as part of the 'Corsicana crowd' — the terminal merchants who followed the construction of the H&TC."
[I couldn't find anything else about this block being a "sub-division," but there definitely was a "Rosenfield & Meyer's Addition" in East Dallas as early as 1886 — see the bottom of this post for more information on Gerson Meyer and the Murphy & Bolanz map of their East Dallas addition.]
In the 1886 city directory, Max Rosenfield is listed as residing at 1118 Browder, which may well have been an address that lasted for a very, very short time — Browder is a very short street, and I wonder if Rosenfield was renumbering addresses in his new development. It does appear to be Lot 5 of the block he and Meyer were developing, though. (Henrietta Rosenfield, widow of Jonas Rosenfield, was Max's mother, and she lived with or near Max for several years.)
1886 Dallas directory
In early 1887, a For Sale ad appeared in the Herald — real estate agents Ducker & Dudleigh were offering what appears to be Lots 5 and 6. By this time, houses had been built on both lots. (The numbers 101 and 102 are confusing here, but the property being offered is the lot at the northwest corner of Browder and St. Louis and the lot adjoining it.) The price for the two-story house on Lot 5 was $6,250, which the Inflation Calculator adjusts to being about $166,000 in today's money, taking into account inflation (but not taking into account Dallas' outrageous real estate prices!).
DMN, May 8, 1887 (click for larger image)
It doesn't look like either property sold, because a few months later, the 1888 directory showed Max still living in the Lot 5 house facing Browder and mother Henrietta living in the Lot 6 house at 169 St. Louis.
Rosenfield placed a For Rent ad in the paper in Feb. of 1889, offering his corner house on Browder.
DMN, Feb. 13, 1889
This appears to have been when businessman Milton Dargan moved in. He is listed as moving into the house at about this time in the addenda section of late changes for the 1889 directory (directories were usually compiled in the year before they were actually published).
In that same directory, Rosenfield had moved in with his mother in the adjoining property.
At some point Dargan bought the corner house. Henrietta continued to live in the St. Louis-facing house until about 1892, when she moved in with Max at his new home on Akard.
And, finally, the "285" address shows up in a directory, in 1891.
Paul F. Erb bought the Browder house from Dargan in 1896 (he also bought the adjoining Lot 6 house facing St. Louis in 1910).
And we're back to Paul Erb, seen in the 1911 directory listing old and new addresses at 1015/285 Browder.
That was a long way to go to establish a chain of ownership. (I'm sure it would have been faster and easier to have consulted city records.)
So. Without access to building permits, it looks as if Max Rosenfield (who, by the way, was the father of John Rosenfield — born Max John Rosenfield, Jr. — legendary arts critic for The Dallas Morning News) was the person who built the 130-year-old house now going through the process of probably being torn down soon. It appears to have been built in 1884 or 1885. In a 1935 Dallas Morning News article celebrating the 50th wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. Max Rosenfield, the house is mentioned: "…their first home, a house built by Mr. Rosenfield and still standing on the northwest corner of Browder and St. Louis streets…" (see the article "Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Rosenfield To Observe 50th Anniversary," DMN, Jan. 6, 1935).
Below is a photo of Max Rosenfield and his new bride, Jenny, probably taken the same year the house was built, 1885-ish, when Max was 26 years old.
Thank you for building such a pretty house, Mr. Rosenfield. Maybe some magnanimous person with deep pockets can have it moved to a new location and restore it to its former loveliness.
Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Rosenfield, on their 50th anniversary
Here's a detail of an 1893 map of the area, with the house in question marked.
And here's the lonely little house in its present hemmed-in location.
Top photo, taken around 2000, from Homeward Bound, Inc., used with permission. Homeward Bound, Inc. took over the house in 1986 (and owned it until October, 2015) for use as Trinity Recovery Center, a substance abuse treatment center. The organization tried hard to save the house, but, according to Homeward Bound, Inc. Executive Director Douglas Denton, when they approached Dallas' Landmark Commission in the 1990s, "they were not interested in the building." Thanks to Mr. Denton for allowing me to use this photo, which shows the beauty of the old house better than any other photo of it that I've seen. He points to the photo below as an example of what this Cedars neighborhood once looked like. The caption for the photo in McDonald's Dallas Rediscovered (p. 125): "Looking north toward downtown along Browder Street near the corner of Cadiz, 1895. These homes, built in the early 1890s, began to be razed in the late 1930s and early 1940s for parking space in the expanding business district." (Photo: Dallas Public Libary)
This would have been about two blocks from the Rosenfield house. Imagine what that neighborhood once looked like!
Watch a news report on the outcry over the possible demolition of this house on the WFAA website, here.
The Dallas Morning News article on the 50th wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. Max Rosenfield in which it is mentioned that Max built the house ("…their first home, a house built by Mr. Rosenfield and still standing on the northwest corner of Browder and St. Louis streets…") is "Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Rosenfield To Observe 50th Anniversary" (DMN, Jan. 6, 1935).
Photo of the Rosenfields as a newly married couple found on Ancestry.com.
50th anniversary photo of Mr. and Mrs. Rosenfield is from the book John Rosenfield's Dallas by Ronald L. Davis (Dallas: Three Forks Press, 2002).
All other sources as cited.
Max J. Rosenfield died in 1935 at the age of 76. His very interesting obituary (probably written by his son, John Rosenfield, amusements editor of The Dallas Morning News), can be found in the Dec. 2, 1935 edition of The News: "M. J. Rosenfield, Business Leader Many Years, Dies."
It's worth trying to figure out how to use the Murphy & Bolanz block books, courtesy of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division of the Dallas Public Library. Background on these very useful books can be found here.
If I've made any mistakes or have drawn any incorrect assumptions, please let me know!
UPDATE: Max Rosenfield developed a real estate partnership with Gerson Meyer, both of whom worked for Sanger Bros. department store. They bought and sold real estate (often to fellow Sanger's employees), apparently as a lucrative side-business (Rosenfield even conducted his real estate transactions from his Sanger Bros. office). They apparently had acquired enough land by 1886 to have their own "addition" — "Rosenfield and Meyer's Addition" in East Dallas. The earliest mention I found of it was this ad from May, 1886.
DMN, May 27, 1886
Their addition was in East Dallas. Below, the map from the Murphy & Bolanz block book (click for larger image):
Gerson Meyer (a Jewish German immigrant, just a couple of years older than Rosenfield), moved to St. Paul, Minnesota in 1897 and continued working for several years in men's clothing.
If something looks too small, click it!
How To Access the Historical Dallas Morning News Archive
The old Dallas Morning News building (click for larger image)
(UPDATED Sept. 11, 2018. This continues to be one of the most popular and most frequently accessed of all Flashback Dallas posts. The online DMN archives — via the Dallas Public Library website — is frequently updated/redesigned. I try to update this page after each potentially confusing update. Scroll down for step-by-step instructions on how to access the DMN archives.)
Yesterday I wrote about how I tracked down the location of a photograph with very little information to go on. I hesitated to include the step-by-step process I used to discover the location, because I was afraid that it would be a little too tediously arcane for most people. But, apparently I was wrong. I've been surprised by how popular the post has become. It's gotten many more hits than most Flashback Dallas posts usually do. I've seen it shared all over Facebook, and it's generated more comments and emails than I expected. It's gratifying that people seem to be interested in the actual process of historical research. Even though I don't necessarily consider myself a historian (I studied Art History in college, and my background is in bookselling), I'm happy to be able to share historical events and forgotten local tidbits with an audience that finds them as interesting as I do. I consider myself a writer and researcher, and sometimes all the fun is in the researching.
Since I began this blog in February of 2014, I've been asked several times how I access the Dallas Morning News archive. Without question, the DMN is the single most valuable resource in the study of Dallas history. Years ago, one would have had to trudge to a library and crank up a microfilm or microfiche reader. Luckily, we are in the digital age, and every edition of the DMN from 1885 to the end of 1984 has been scanned and digitized and can be viewed from the comfort of one's own home. (Also available in this database are various Fort Worth newspapers — from The Fort Worth Register to The Fort Worth Star-Telegram — from at least 1897 to 1990, which is, of course, very handy!) You can view the paper page by page, article by article, photo by photo, comic strip by comic strip, ad by ad. It's incredible. You'll get lost in it for hours. Want to know what was going on 100 years ago today? Easy! Here's the front page of the DMN from July 30, 1915:
DMN, July 30, 1915
So how do you do it? First off, you have to live in the city of Dallas — bad news for those of you living outside the city limits, I'm afraid. (UPDATE: THERE IS A WAY FOR NON-RESIDENTS TO ACCESS THE ARCHIVE — FOR A MONTHLY FEE. SEE UPDATE AT BOTTOM OF THIS POST.) For those of us who do live inside the city limits, not only can we access the database whenever we want, but it's also FREE. All you need is a Dallas Public Library card (information on how to get a free card is here; the DPL's FAQ is here).
So your first step is to get a library card. Once you have a card, go to the Dallas Public Library site's "My Account" page, here, to sign up for the free account. You're now ready to plunge in.
HOW TO ACCESS THE "DALLAS MORNING NEWS ARCHIVES"
Log in to your Dallas Public Library account.
Click on "DATABASES."
Scroll down, click on "MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS & JOURNALS."
Scroll down, click on "DALLAS MORNING NEWS ARCHIVE."
This gets you to a screen where you can search through DMN archives from 1885 to 1984 (results will show scanned images/articles as they appeared in the newspaper when originally published), as well as DMN archives for articles published after 1984 (these results will be text-only — no images). Wave goodbye to big chunks of time as you sit in front of your computer searching and reading and searching and reading.
ACCESS FORT WORTH PAPERS ONLY:
Follow the instructions above. When you reach the main search page, click "Fort Worth Star-Telegram" under "SHORTCUTS" in the left column. This brings up archives for both the FWST as well as The Fort Worth Register. Full scans are available for editions published between 1897 and 1990; after that, it's text-only.
ACCESS THE FULLY SCANNED "HISTORICAL" DALLAS AND FORT WORTH PAPERS SIMULTANEOUSLY:
Follow the steps above. When you reach the main search page, at the top of the left column, under "Search by" click "COLLECTION," then click on "America's Historical Newspapers" — you can now search the fully scanned Dallas Morning News, Fort Worth Register, and Fort Worth Telegram/Star-Telegram, going back to 1885.
ACCESS OTHER TEXAS AND U.S. NEWSPAPERS: To search other (text-only) newspapers (almost none of which go back more than 10 or 15 years), see the options in the left column after having reached the main search page. Consider filters where you can pick several papers to search at once, excluding those that you don't need. It's always confusing after a major re-do of a site, so you just have to play around with it until you figure out how everything works. …Then have everything change again when you finally get comfortable with it.
Note: I find it easiest to SET THE "SORT" OPTION TO "CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER" (so that the results are shown from oldest to most recent) — the default is "Best Matches First" which drives me crazy because the first match is rarely the best, and everything is out of order.
Note: The difference between the "historical" and post-1984 Dallas Morning News archives is that the "historical" (1885-1984) search results include images of fully scanned editions of the newspaper — you see everything the way it looked in the actual newspaper: you can see entire pages as well as individual articles, photos, illustrations, comic strips, ads, classifieds, etc. You do not see any of this in the post-1984 results — the information is still useful, but it's not as interesting and, maddeningly, not as comprehensive. I tend to use one or the other, otherwise, too many non-applicable results are returned.
It takes a good bit of time to figure out how to use the search engine quickly and effectively — it has a lot of weird little idiosyncrasies that can cause you to miss out on lots of things you're searching for (apostrophes, initials, and numbers can be extremely problematic) — but once you start to wander around, you'll be amazed at what an incredible treasure trove is at your fingertips.
Thank you, Dallas Public Library and Dallas Morning News!
Photo at top: "Lintel and pediment above doorway, Commerce St. entrance," ca. 1930s, from the Belo Records collection, DeGolyer Library, Central University Libraries, Southern Methodist University; photo and details are here.
The best newspaper database for those interested in Texas history is UNT's Portal to Texas History Texas Digital Newspaper database, here. They have tons of scanned and digitized historical Texas newspapers (excluding The Dallas News), AND it's free and available to everyone. Below are a few of their offerings of particular interest to Dallasites:
The Dallas Herald — absolutely ESSENTIAL for Dallas goings-on between 1855 and 1887, here
The Southern Mercury, the agriculturally-leaning paper published in Dallas, 1888-1907, here
The Dallas Express — a newspaper printed by and for the city's African-American community — ALSO essential — sadly, only the years 1919-1924 have been scanned, here
The Jewish Monitor — published in Fort Worth, serving the DFW (and Texas) Jewish community, 1919-1921, here
The Texas Jewish Post, 1950-2011, here
Check out all the Texas newspapers UNT has scanned: go to the Advanced Search page and scroll down the "Collections" menu bar to see the full list.
**If you need some research done, I might be able to help. I have access to several resources and am pretty thorough. Let me know what you're looking for and inquire on hourly rates by clicking the "Contact" tab at the top of the page.**
7/31/15 — UPDATE: GENEALOGYBANK.COM — HOW TO ACCESS THE HISTORICAL DALLAS MORNING NEWS ARCHIVE IF YOU ARE NOT A DALLAS RESIDENT: While looking for something completely unrelated, I came across a comment by someone who said he accessed the Dallas Morning News archives — historical and modern — through a site called GenealogyBank.com. It sounds like something similar to Ancestry.com where you are given access to several different types of resources used in genealogical research. The website indicates the cost is $19.95/month or $69.95/year. There is a free 30-day trial (but if you don't cancel it and explicitly tell them you are canceling, they will automatically charge you and you will NOT get your money back). This is the first I've ever heard of this site, so I have no idea whether it's good or bad. (The parent company of GenealogyBank is NewsBank, the company that manages the DMN archive accessible through the Dallas Public Library.) I did ask on a Dallas history group tonight, and a trusted member said that he uses it all the time. He posted a few screenshots, and it's very similar to the archive accessed through the library's website. For those interested, you might want to try the free trial to see if it's something you'd be interested in subscribing to. This is pretty cool, because it offers people who live outside the city limits the ability to access the DMN archives for a relatively small fee each month. I am not promoting or endorsing this site because I had never even heard of it until an hour or two ago. I'd love to hear feedback from people who try it out. The Genealogy Bank website is here. A review of the site from About.com is here. I encourage you to check other consumer sites for pros and cons. I hope this is helpful for those of you who, for some reason, choose to live away from Dallas!
Copyright © 2015-2017 Paula Bosse. All Rights Reserved.
Tracking Down a Photo Location & Discovering a City Pioneer: D. M. Clower, The Man Who Brought the Telephone to Dallas
Mystery house, Dallas, ca. 1908 (click for larger image)
Not too long ago I came across the above photo which had been made into a "real photo postcard." It was postmarked January 12, 1909, and it contained a chatty message.
"A very good picture of our house. Cold as can be here today – guess I will freeze going to the theater tonight. Quite a good deal of snow and sleet. All doing fine – wish you were here to help me make candy & pop some corn. Tom Dechman from Okla. City spent today with us. Maud."
Such a nice photo of a modest little house in Dallas, probably taken in 1908. When I saw it, I thought it would be cool if I could figure out where it was. There wasn't much to go on from the postcard, though. But, as it turns out, there was just enough information to put the pieces together and figure it out. Someone asked me recently how I track down things like this. Basically, I look for a long time in a lot of different places. Here's how I found out where this mystery house was.
Using Ancestry.com, I found Virginia ("Virgil" — sometimes "Virgie") Cavaness in Monticello, Arkansas. She was born in 1871 and would have just turned 37 years old when she received this card. The familiar tone of the postcard message indicated to me that Virgil was probably a close friend or family member.
I found Thomas Dechman in Oklahoma City — he would have been 23 when he visited Maud. He probably wasn't a close friend or immediate family member because she writes his full name out. According to the 1909 Oklahoma City directory (accessible on Ancestry.com), he worked alongside his father, A. F. Dechman, at a wholesale produce company.
Then I checked the Dallas Morning News archives and found this from Dec. 30,1909.
DMN, Dec. 30, 1909
Tom Dechman was Mrs. A. F. Dechman's son. So I searched on "Maud Clower." Maud, born in 1877, was also D. M. Clower's daughter. Mrs. A. F. Dechman was Maud's sister Annie, and Tom was her nephew.
I continued searching the DMN archives for mentions of the Clower family and found that in 1906 Maud Clower had married Jesse (J. D.) Patterson — and, hey, Virgil had attended the wedding.
DMN, Sept. 2, 1906
I checked to see where Maud and J. D. Patterson were living in 1908/1909. Most directories are available on Ancestry (a subscription site), but, as it happens, the 1909 directory is one of the few historical Dallas city directories that is available online (for free) — you can access it here (a few other directories are here). I found a Jesse D. Patterson listed as living at 491 N. Pearl, but no spouse's name was listed, so I cross-referenced the address with the street directory section to determine whether this was the right J. D. Patterson. (Street directories are very helpful — not only do they list the occupants for each address, they also help to pinpoint where specific addresses were as they show which cross-streets those addresses were between; this is extremely helpful when trying to figure out where things were when streets had different names and/or when trying to figure out where things were before all of Dallas' street numbers were changed in 1911. Another useful resource is a page on Jim Wheat's site, which has links to every page of the 1911 street directory — click on a street name and find your address: the "new" address is on the left, and the "old" address is next to it, in bold.)
1909 city directory, residents of N. Pearl Street
Even though this didn't have Maud's name listed alongside her husband's, it DID show that her father, D. M. Clower, was living at the same address. Success!
So there it is. When Maud sent that postcard to Virgil, she and her husband were living with her parents at 491 N. Pearl Street. The house in the photo was at the southwest corner of N. Pearl and Thomas. It's always helpful to check a street map from about the same period for context and to make sure you're looking at the right location — many street names have changed over the years — if a street named "Forest" is being referenced in the 1940s, for instance, you need to know that the old Forest Avenue and the current Forest Lane are absolutely nowhere near each other. Below is a map drawn about 1900, with the location of the Clower house circled in red (this is one of many maps found on the Portal to Texas History site; the one below is a detail of the map found here).
I also checked out Sanborn maps to see if the house in the photo matched the house that was actually on the lot at N. Pearl and Thomas. It does. To see what the general footprint of the house looked like in 1905 (the Clowers lived at 491 N. Pearl from about 1905 to 1910), see here. In the 1921 map (by which time the address had been changed to 2221 N. Pearl), you can see that additions had been made to the house since 1905 and that it looks more like the house in the photo (a room now juts out at the right and there is an out-building behind the house); see the 1921 Sanborn map here. To see what that Uptown block looks like now, see here (N. Pearl is on the left, looking south). Quite a change! It took me a long time to realize just how essential Sanborn maps can be — they are incredibly useful, and I try to use them whenever I can.
I really didn't expect to track down the actual address of an unidentified house found on a picture postcard, but persistence pays off. A bonus of this persistence was that I ended up learning about the very interesting man who owned the house — a man who played a pivotal role in the development of Dallas: Daniel Morgan (D. M.) Clower. Clower was an electrical engineer who, in 1881, installed the very first telephone in Dallas (for Judge John Bookhout) and ran the city's first telephone exchange; he also set up phone systems in other cities. In addition to his work for Bell Telephone, he also ran Dallas' electric company for many years and was responsible for setting up the city's first electric street lights and helped in developing electrified rail systems in the region.
1889 Dallas directory (click for larger image)
During the Civil War, Clower was a Confederate telegraph operator in the 1st Louisiana Regiment (see Clower's fascinating obituary below). When the Union army was advancing after the fall of Vicksburg, Clower directed (and helped in) the destruction of the Confederate telegraph system he had helped set up, in order to prevent its being commandeered by Yankee forces — he and his men raced to pull up over 40 miles of wire and equipment, loaded everything on wagons, bugged out, and then used the same wire and poles to string a new Confederate line into and across Texas.
DMN, Jan. 8, 1922
The war ended before Clower had completed his line northward from Houston, but his efforts had helped lay the telegraph infrastructure that the state of Texas relied on for decades afterward.
The people in the top photo are not identified. When that photo was taken, D. M. Clower and his wife, Ellender, would have been about 73; their daughter Maud and her husband Jesse would have been in their early 30s. I assume it's the elder Clowers, with a mystery bearded man in the foreground.
Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Clower, ca. 1914
You never know what you're going to discover when you read a 106-year-old postcard and wonder where an old house used to be.
Postcard found on eBay.
Daniel Morgan Clower was born in Alabama in 1835; he arrived in Dallas in 1879, coming from Comanche, where Maud was born in 1877. Clower died in 1927 at the age of 92; Maud died in 1948. His wife, Ellender Paralee Clower, died in 1917 (at which time the couple had been married for more than sixty years).
More on Clower can be found in the pages of The Dallas Morning News:
"Telegrapher Tells Civil War Episode" (DMN, Feb. 1, 1924) — a fantastically cinematic account of Clower's past, in his own words
A photo of Clower and Eli Sanger, (DMN, May 1, 1927) — what might well be the last photo of Clower ran in the News just a few months before his death at the age of 92; also in the photo is Eli Sanger, of Sanger Bros. (Clower once had a business in Millican, TX when Sanger's opened there at the close of the Civil War, and he proudly boasted that he was one of their very first customers)
"Daniel Clower Funeral Held" (DMN, Aug. 19, 1927) — Clower's obituary, with photo
Photo of Mr. Clower with text from a Dallas Times Herald story published on the occasion of his 89th birthday can be found here (scroll down to 1924, about halfway down the page), via Jim Wheat's site.
The photo of Mr. Clower and his wife Ellender is from the book A History of Texas and Texans, published in 1914; the accompanying entry about Clower's very interesting life can be found here, via the Portal to Texas History.
That Time When Dallas Changed the Numbers of Every Single Street in Town — 1911
Photo by Silver Lighthouse/Flickr
Here's a topic that isn't very sexy, but it's one of those mammoth-scale city-wide operations that had to be done, but no one wanted to tackle it because it was a huge undertaking and it was going to be a big hassle: re-numbering the streets. All of them. Throughout the entire city. I wasn't aware that something like this had ever happened until I started using old criss-cross directories to try to pinpoint the location of old buildings that were originally built on streets that no longer exist (such as Poydras and Masten).
Why, for instance, is the current address of the Majestic Theatre 1925 Elm St., but in 1909 that same parcel of land on Elm had an address of 463 (-ish)? Weird, huh? Obviously street numbers changed at some point, but when? And why? Eventually I zeroed in on 1910 or 1911 as the year when addresses seemed to have changed, but I was having a hard time finding any information about what prompted the change in the first place. Until I hit on the key phrase "century system." After that, my search became much easier.
As far back as the 1880s, the city seemed poised to address the haphazard street numbering situation, as it was causing "endless confusion" — the powers-that-be had even seemed to settled on the "century system" (so called because each block is numbered up to 100, with a new hundred starting in the next block). But progress moves at a snail's pace in city government, and the plan didn't start picking up steam until fifteen or twenty years later.
In the early days of the 20th century, the numbering of Dallas streets was, as one mail carrier described it, "freakish." Numbers weren't always consecutive. Sometimes odd and even numbers were on the same side of the street. Sometimes a run of numbers would suddenly start all over again. Houses sometimes had TWO numbers. People would move and expect to take their number with them. Buildings and houses often had NO numbers. Street signs were few and far between, and it wasn't uncommon for street names to be duplicated in different parts of town. As you can imagine, unless you were intimately familiar with the area or neighborhood, chances were that you weren't going to be able to find anything. Unsurprisingly, the real pressure to come up with some sort of logical, uniform street numbering system came from the city's postmasters and postal employees (that they managed to regularly deliver mail to the proper recipients is just short of miraculous).
Postmaster Albert G. Joyce (one in a line of several postmasters who tried to effect change over the years) wrote an impassioned/frustrated plea for action in 1904:
(DMN, May, 18, 1904)
Everyone agreed that something needed to be done — especially as the city's population was growing at an astronomical rate, but … nothing got done. Here, at the end of 1907, another exasperated postal employee shared examples of the problem:
(DMN, Dec. 7, 1907)
By 1909, a plan was finally starting to come together. This article describes how the numbering system would be implemented downtown, starting from the Trinity River, with Main and Ervay being the east-west and north-south anchors:
(DMN, Dec. 17, 1909)
Even though the plan had basically been decided on, it wasn't put into action for at least a year. There were three main reasons to delay the implementation: city directories had already been compiled and were to be issued soon, the 1910 census survey was about to begin, and the post office (which would bear the brunt of the impact of the drastic change) asked that the changeover take place before or after the busy holiday season.
By the end of 1910, the final details had been hammered out. The main change to the previous version of the plan was that the city, rather than the property owners, would pay for the re-numbering. Also, I don't know if this was a new detail or not, but there is mention here that numbering east of Greenville Ave. would "begin anew." The re-numbering was expected to be completed in January, 1911.
(DMN, Oct. 1, 1910)
By the middle of January, 1911 the long-put-off task was completed, ending in Oak Cliff. The cost to the city of the "number placement" and the new street signs was $10,500.
(DMN, Jan. 15, 1911)
The problem that had been moaned about for decades had been fixed, and a uniform system of street numbering had finally been put in place.
(DMN, Apr., 30, 1911)
I can't imagine how much of a headache and how unbelievably confusing the whole process and aftermath must have been. Several businesses, concerned that their clientele might have a difficult time "finding" them, hedged their bets by including BOTH address — the old and the new — on their letterhead and in their ads. This two-address thing went on for quite a while with some businesses — in fact, leading real estate man J. W. Lindsley was so annoyed by this practice that he complained about it to the Morning News in 1916 (a full five years after the switch!). Even though, ahem, Lindsley was one of the few advertisers in the Blue Book Directory for 1912-14 who did that very thing:
Unlike his competitor, Murphy & Bolanz, who had just the one (but still felt compelled to add the "new" to the address):
And that is today's lesson on how Dallas finally bit the bullet and gave the entire city new addresses.
(And now I know that Neiman Marcus apparently IS the center of Dallas.)
UPDATE: HOW TO FIND THE OLD OR NEW ADDRESS. When I first wrote this, I'm not sure if I knew about the very handy resource Jim Wheat provided on his website: the 1911 Worley's Dallas street directory, here. This is one way you can determine what the post-address-changeover was if you know the pre-1911 address (or vice-versa): find the street name and click on it. You'll find two columns: one showing the "new" address, and the other the "old" address. (These aren't always exact, but it at least gets you in the right block number to investigate further.) If you don't know a specific address, you can make an educated guess according to the cross-streets. Thank you, Jim Wheat!
Photo of Young St. sign from Flickr, here. It's great.
All newspaper articles from The Dallas Morning News.
The two real estate ads from The Standard Blue Book of Texas, 1912-14, Dallas Edition (Dallas: A. J. Peeler and Company, n.d.).
Slightly fuzzy Ervay-Main sign from Google Street View.
An early article about this issue, "Street Numbering, A Neglected Matter to Receive Attention Soon" (Dallas Daily Times-Herald, Nov. 22, 1889) can be found here.
And if you're interested in just what goes into tackling a problem like this in modern times, hie yourself over to "Street-Naming and Property-Numbering Systems" by Margaret A. Corwin (American Planning Assn., ca. 1976). Read the entire report here, in a PDF. I'm nothing if not thorough.
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text:
CBGB Mixes the Best Sandinista -- a Shot Made with Sriracha -- in St. Louis
by Patrick J. Hurley
The "Sandinista" at CBGB. | Patrick J. Hurley
The Drunken Vegan, a.k.a. Patrick J. Hurley, is a full-time barman at the Civil Life Brewing Company and cocktail enthusiast about town. He's an unapologetic drunkard, a vegan and a bon vivant, and, no, he doesn't think those last two terms contradict each other.
The "Sandinista" is a curious shot, composed mostly of tequila, Sriracha and lime juice. When it's made well, it's surprisingly good. You can find this unique and potent drink at several places around town, but the best place to order one is CBGB (3163 South Grand Boulevard).
KDHX's own Doug Morgan, host of The Record Sto', claims that even though you can find the Sandinista as far away as Chicago and San Francisco, he invented it.
"We drank a lot of 'em on our way to perfecting it," Morgan recalls.
It was about twenty years ago, and he was tending bar at Mekong's Upstairs Lounge. The shot was born of circumstance. Morgan is a little fuzzy on the origins of the name but remembers they were definitely listening to the 1980 Clash album Sandinista. "I once made 60 at once at Grumpy's in Minneapolis. It had made it there, but no one knew its name. They were calling it "Respect the Shot," Morgan says.
We can't independently confirm this origin story, but bartender Matt Wagner keeps serving it the way Morgan first made it.
"I didn't make the first one, but I drank it," CBGB bartender Matt Wagner says. "Sriracha wasn't really popular then, but it was a Vietnamese restaurant." So the bartenders came up with a tasty combination of tequila with Rose's lime juice, Sriracha, Worcestershire sauce and black pepper.
"Now people throw everything in a shaker and mix it up," Wagner laments. He still makes the Sandinista the old-fashioned way. He pours tequila and the lime juice over ice and stirs it well and then strains it into a rocks glass. Next he carefully swirls in some Sriracha and adds a dash each of Worcestershire sauce and black pepper.
The Drunken Vegan checked the label on the Worcestershire sauce at CBGB and found it contained no anchovies: another reason to order the drink there. It's a little spicy, and a little sweet with some earthy complexity, and it's easier to drink than you might think.
Still not sold on this odd-sounding combination? That's OK; there are plenty of options. CBGB is not about fancy cocktails. "Cheap and strong, that's the formula," Wagner explains. The Drunken Vegan had Wagner pick his next round. A very heavy pour of Jameson Irish Whiskey and a bottle of ice-cold Stag came to just $6.
A shot and a beer for six bucks. | Patrick J. Hurley
You'll be hard-pressed to find a better deal in St. Louis, and you definitely won't find a better Sandinista.
Follow Patrick J. Hurley on Twitter at @VeganDrunkard. E-mail the author at Patrick.J.Hurley@HurleyHouse.com.
Follow @gutcheckstl
Drunken Vegan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
North Beach fire displaces up to 30 residents
Dec. 16, 2013 12:00 a.m.
Robert Alexander/Getty ImagesA fire in the North Beach neighborhood displaced as many as 30 residents.
As many as 30 residents were displaced by a one-alarm apartment fire in The City's North Beach neighborhood Sunday morning, a Fire Department dispatcher said.
The fire was reported in a three-story building at 1656 Powell St. near Union Street about 9:30 a.m., the dispatcher said.
Units quickly responded and the fire was under control about 10:10 a.m., the dispatcher said. No injuries were reported.
The blaze and water damage rendered at least 12 units uninhabitable. The cause of the fire was under investigation Sunday.
Filmmakers to release documentary on influential Daly City developer
Collapsed Twin Peaks home is owned by SF Port Commission member


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text:
Crucified Girl (German: Mädchen am Kreuz) is a 1929 German silent drama film directed by Jacob Fleck and Luise Fleck and starring Valerie Boothby, Gertrud de Lalsky and Evelyn Holt. It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's art direction was by Artur Gunther and August Rinaldi.

Cast
In alphabetical order
 Valerie Boothby
 Gertrud de Lalsky
 Evelyn Holt
 Robert Leffler
 Fritz Odemar
 Livio Pavanelli
 Ernő Verebes
 Wolfgang Zilzer

References

Bibliography
Prawer, S.S. Between Two Worlds: The Jewish Presence in German and Austrian Film, 1910–1933. Berghahn Books, 2005.

External links

1929 films
Films of the Weimar Republic
1929 drama films
German silent feature films
German drama films
Films directed by Jacob Fleck
Films directed by Luise Fleck
German black-and-white films
Silent drama films
1920s German films
Films shot at Johannisthal Studios
1920s German-language films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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    arrayReduce = require("..");

tape("arrayReduce(array, callback[, initialValue]) applies a function against an accumulator and each value of the array (from left-to-right) to reduce it to a single value", function(assert) {
    assert.equals(
        arrayReduce([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], function(currentValue, value) {
            return currentValue + value;
        }),
        10
    );
    assert.end();
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you know or see that someone is a victim of domestic violence, or is in danger and needs urgent help, call the NSW Police on Triple Zero 000. You don't have to give your name, you can remain anonymous.
Do you suspect that your friend, neighbour, co-worker, sister, mother, relative or someone you know is, or could be, a victim of domestic and family violence?
Below are some signs you may have observed that someone may be experiencing domestic violence.
This describes violence in a heterosexual relationship, but violence occurs in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) relationships. Read How you can help from sayitoutloud.org.au.
Perhaps you feel her problem will "work itself out" but domestic and family violence doesn't usually end until action is taken to stop it.
It can be hard to know what to do. You, like most people, could be reluctant to intrude or discuss something so intimate.
I shouldn't get involved in a private family matter. Domestic violence is not just a family problem. It's a crime with serious consequences for your friend, her children and the entire community.
She must be doing something to provoke his violence. Problems exist in many relationships but using violence to resolve them is never acceptable.
The violence can't really be that serious. Domestic violence includes emotional abuse, threats, pushing, punching, slapping, choking, sexual assault, and assault with weapons. It's rarely a one-time thing, it usually happens over and over again, and can increase in frequency and become more severe each time. Any act of domestic violence is something to be taken seriously.
If it was really bad, wouldn't she just leave? For most people, the decision to end any relationship is not easy. Leaving a violent relationship is even harder.
Doesn't she care about what's happening to her children? Your friend is probably doing her best to protect her children from violence. She may feel that the abuse is directed only at her and doesn't yet realise it effects the children. She may believe her children need a father or she may lack the resources to support them on her own. The children may beg her to stay, not wanting to leave their home or friends. She may fear that if she leaves she will lose custody of her children.
I know him and I really don't think he could hurt anyone. Many abusers are not violent in other relationships. They appear to be very charming and likeable in social situations despite being extremely violent towards their partner in the privacy of their home. This is often what stops many women from leaving as he isn't abusive all the time or to other people. She may fear that if she tells someone about the abuse, no one will believe her because her partner is seen as being a nice guy. Abusers often use this against their victims, telling her, "Nobody will believe you". Abusers can come across as great guys to other people. Just because you've never seen him behave abusively, don't assume he doesn't.
How can she still care for someone who abuses her? Chances are the man is not abusive all the time. He may actually show remorse for his violence, promising that he will change and asking for forgiveness. She, understandably, has hopes for such changes. Their relationship probably involves good times, bad times and in-between times. On average, an abused woman may leave her abuser 7 to 8 times before she breaks away for good.
If she wanted my help, she would ask for it. Your friend may not want to tell you what is going on, feeling you may not understand her situation or that you will judge her. She may be ashamed of what's happening and that may make her seem stand-offish or withdrawn. Talk to her about abuse in a general way. Tell her you're concerned about women who are abused and that you don't blame women for the violence.
Why doesn't she tell someone? Some women keep the violence a secret for reasons such as: fear of judgement or an unsympathetic response, fear that people will blame her, fear that the violence will get worse if outsiders get involved, worry about what the future holds if she leaves her abuser - she may think she won't be able to cope or won't be able to support herself, guilt and shame because she's made to feel that she's responsible for the violence, cultural reasons that prevent her from telling people about the abuse, and fear that her children will be taken away by him or will be put into care.
The abuser is the one responsible for the abuse and violence. The victim is not to blame.
Domestic and family violence is a crime. It's a dangerous situation and should not be taken lightly.
All women and children have a right to live a life free from violence and abuse.
Violence is never acceptable and is never considered a part of anyone's culture.
Many women live with violence and abuse for years before telling someone or getting help because domestic violence follows a cycle.
The risk of death or injury to a victim is greatest when leaving an abusive relationship or shortly thereafter.
it might be right for her. Or the Rent Choice Start Safely rental subsidy could be more helpful for her situation. Ask her to read, I want to leave but need a place to stay.
Many women find it difficult to talk to anyone about the abuse. For many women who are victims of domestic violence, friends and family are often the first people they talk to about it. She may not know how to find help. It takes a lot of time, planning, help and courage to escape domestic violence. It's important for women to know that help is available from people who know and care about the situation.
"I'm wondering if everything is OK at home?"
"I noticed you have some bruises. How did that happen? Did someone do that to you?"
"I've noticed you seem frightened of your partner [or other person you suspect is hurting them]. Is that right? Is everything OK?"
The person may deny there is a problem or avoid the conversation. If this happens, respect her right to privacy and don't force her to discuss the relationship if she isn't ready. Let her know that you care and are there to listen and support her if she ever wants to talk about anything.
If she is willing to talk, listen carefully and be empathetic. Make sure you are in a place she feels safe. Believe what she tells you. Never blame her for what's happening or underestimate her fear of danger. Let her know that no one deserves to be abused, beaten or threatened.
Be patient. Don't insist that she leave her relationship or criticise her for staying. This can be difficult when you are worried that she or her children will be hurt. She has to make the decision herself and in her own time.
Acknowledge that domestic violence is complex and confusing. She may try to excuse the abuser's behaviour and blame it on outside factors such financial hardship, job loss, stress, alcohol or drug use.
Try to be sensitive to what she is saying, remembering that it takes a great deal of courage and strength for someone who is living with abuse to share this information. Reassure her that the abuse is not her fault. Focus on supporting her and building her confidence.
Victims of domestic violence live with emotional as well as physical abuse. She's probably been told continually by her abuser that she is a bad woman, bad partner, and a bad mother. She may believe she can't do anything right and that there really is something wrong with her. Give her emotional support to believe she is a good and worthy person. Help her look at her strengths and skills. Emphasise that she deserves a life free from violence.
Let her know domestic violence is not her fault. Tell her that she does not deserve to be abused. Say things like, "The way he is treating you is wrong, it's abuse" or "He may feel angry but he has a choice in how he responds in this situation. He can walk away and go into another room." Anger is not an excuse for domestic violence.
As you listen, try to understand the many obstacles, such as the cycle of violence, that stop her from leaving. It's usually very complex. Focus on supporting her in making her own decisions. If she is being abused then the abuser is exercising a lot of control over her life. It's very important that she is encouraged to make choices for herself even if it means staying with the abuser for now. It's often the first step towards freedom. Even if she leaves him and then goes back, don't withdraw your support.
Do not expect that she will leave the relationship. It can be very disturbing to know someone you care about is experiencing domestic violence. But ending any relationship is difficult. Ending a domestic violence relationship can be extremely difficult.
Gather some information about available domestic violence support services in her area. Many women who have found freedom describe someone they knew (a neighbour, doctor, friend) offering support and referring them to a support service. Let her know she is not alone and that people are available to help her. Assure her that they will keep information about her private. Encourage her to speak to the Domestic Violence Helpline or the 1800RESPECT counselling service, both are open 24/7.
She may decide to remain in the relationship or return to the abuser after a temporary separation. Don't pressure her to leave but let her know that you are afraid for her and her children and help her consider how dangerous the violence may be.
Help her make a safety plan. Encourage her to keep a diary of what's happening to her if it is safe to do so. Help her think about steps she can take if her partner becomes abusive again. Make a list of people to call in an emergency. Suggest she hides a suitcase of clothing, money, Centrelink cards, bank books, birth certificates and school records for future emergencies. Acknowledge that she may be in the most danger while she's trying to leave.
If you see an assault in progress, take action. Call the police on triple zero 000. Don't assume that someone else has done so. If you are in your car honk your horn until a group gathers, he stops hitting her or the police come. These situations can be dangerous so whatever you do be sure to keep yourself safe. But do take action. At the very least, watch them. Being a witness in a way that lets him know that you see him may reduce his level of violence.
When talking to your friend or family member there are some things to avoid to ensure she does not feel judged or criticised or too afraid or ashamed to talk about the domestic violence.
Avoid blaming her for the domestic violence. It's likely that your friend may be blaming herself for the domestic violence and may even say to you: "It's my fault". It's important not to agree with her as no one deserves to be abused no matter what. It's a crime. Suggesting she must have done something wrong to provoke the abuse is not supportive. For example do not ask: "What did you do to make him treat you like that?" This suggests that it's somehow her fault. It isn't. Her partner chooses to perpetrate violence against her to maintain power and control in the relationship.
Avoid blaming alcohol, other drugs or mental health issues for his domestic violence behaviour. Alcohol, other drugs and mental health issues do not cause domestic violence, his need for power and control does. Many people use alcohol and other drugs and are never abusive to their partners.
Avoid telling her what to do. When you care about someone and want them to be safe, it's understandable you want to tell them what they should do. Don't say to her, "If it was me ...". It's not you, or about you, so try to keep focused on supporting the victim without speculating on what you might do if you were in her shoes.
She may have lost some of her self-esteem, confidence and decision-making skills due to her partner's controlling and abusive behaviour. To support her in making a decision, she needs to be able to explore options and make her own choices. This will help her gain back self-confidence. Giving information about domestic violence rather than telling her what to do can support her to make her own choices and decisions.
Avoid making negative comments about her partner. It's understandable that if her partner's behaviour is abusive you may feel anger, disgust and hatred towards him. However, if you share any negative comments about the partner with her, it may lead to her feeling she needs to protect him and stand up for him. It's not supportive to talk about him. It's supportive to focus on her feelings and safety.
If you suspect someone you know may be a victim of domestic violence, you can call Crime Stoppers and report your concerns.
The Domestic Violence Line is a NSW-wide telephone crisis counselling and referral service for women and person who identify as female. It's staffed by trained female counsellors and open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
1800RESPECT is a national sexual assault, domestic and family violence counselling and information referral services. It's open 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Their website also has a services directory.
There are many non-profit organisations that help victims of domestic and family violence and their friends and family. Here is a list. You may also want to read about available programs and helpful resources such as apps.
Supporting a friend or relative who is being abused can be frightening, stressful and sometimes frustrating. You need to look after yourself too. If you need to talk to someone, call Lifeline. It's a 24-hour support service.


Canadian soprano Erin makes her eagerly awaited return to WNO after portraying Donna Anna in Don Giovanni in 2007. She has performed leading roles at many of the world's greatest opera companies, including The Metropolitan Opera, La Scala, Opéra National de Paris, and the Vienna Staatsoper.
Fun fact: Erin has run 2 marathons, 10 half-marathons, and countless 10ks and 5ks.
Listen to Erin sing in Don Giovanni and discuss how she manages technical challenges.
Follow Erin on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, or visit her website for more information.
Tenor. Title role in Faust.
Hailing from Argentina, Marcelo makes his WNO debut after engagements at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Oper Stuttgart, Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, Hamburg State Opera, State Opera Prague, and more.
The in-demand tenor studied at the Córdoba Conservatory and Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires, with Renato Sassola. Other roles in his developing repertoire include Turridu in Cavalleria Rusticana, Maurizio in Adriana Lecouvreur, and Calaf in Turandot.
Fun fact: If Marcelo could pick three opera characters to have dinner with, he says he'd discuss love, destiny, politics, songs, and poetry with Manrico (Il trovatore), Don Alvaro (La forza del destino), and Radames (Aida).
Listen to Marcelo sing in Il Trovatore.
Baritone. Title role in Eugene Onegin.
A leading baritone at Bolshoi Opera, Igor has portrayed the charismatic Onegin around the world, wooing audiences at Teatro San Carlo di Napoli to Novaya Opera Theatre.
Igor's WNO debut as Onegin marks his U.S. debut—the first of many stateside performances to come in his exploding career. Igor is a former soloist with Moscow's Novaya Opera and winner of the 2008 St. Petersburg "Three Centuries of Classical Romance" competition.
His prior engagements include Enrico in Lucia di Lammermoor at the Cologne Opera, Germont in La traviata at Glyndebourne Festival, Sharpless in Madama Butterfly at the Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, and more.
"Tchaikovsky's music is so moving and so close to the heart that audiences cannot be indifferent, no matter if they are Russian, American or European," Igor told WNO.
Watch Igor sing Eri Tu from Un Ballo in Maschera.
Soprano. Tatiana in Eugene Onegin.
Anna makes her WNO and U.S. deubt in a role she's masterfully sung with Mikhailovsky Theatre and in concert with Bolshoi Opera. Most recently, Anna portrayed Tatiana alongside Igor Golovatenko as Onegin at the 2017 Festival d'Aix-en-Provence, and the pair reunites again for this production.
The talented soprano was born in Saratov, Russia and made her debut at the Bolshoi Opera in 2012 portraying Nasaya in Tchaikovsky's The Enchantress. As a soloist at the Bolshoi, Anna's engagements include Violetta in La traviata, Elisabeth of Valois in Don Carlo, Micaela in Carmen, Amerlia in Un ballo in Maschera, and more.
Watch Anna sing Iolanta's arioso in Iolanta.
Sopranos. Angels in The Lion, the Unicorn, and Me.
Meet our two talented angels in WNO's heartwarming family opera!
Kylee, 11, makes her WNO debut with The Lion, the Unicorn, and Me. She's loved singing and music ever since she started talking, and has performed in area musical theater productions and vocal recitals since she was four years old. Two of her favorite songs to sing are "The Lonely Goatherd" (The Sound of Music) and "Quiet" (Matilda). When she's not performing, Kylee loves writing, reading, swimming, and arts & crafts.
Holden, 13, made his WNO debut in 2017 as the title character in The Little Prince. Holden says that performing is "exhilarating, because I get to become a different character." He enjoys a wide variety of songs and plays the clarinet in his school's symphonic band. In his spare time, he likes to play ultimate Frisbee.
"Hometown favorite" (Washington Post) Soloman Howard returns to D.C. to reprise the title role of Lion in The Lion, the Unicorn, and Me. Soloman is an alum of the Manhattan School of Music and Morgan State University and a 2014 graduate of our Domingo-Cafritz Young Artist Program. He was last seen on the WNO stage as The King in 2017's Aida.
Soloman has performed on opera stages around the world, from The Metropolitan Opera to Teatro Real de Madrid. Now he's back to display his "magical voice" (Washingtonian) as the brash but endearing lion.
Visit Soloman's website for more information.


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Black in Neuro
Striving for Racial Justice in Academic Biology
100 inspiring Hispanic/Latinx scientists in America
Introducing the Department Committees on Diversity and Inclusion!
HMS and Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM): Looking Back, Looking Forward
Responses to common criticisms of anti-racism action in STEM
What outreach opportunities currently exist at Harvard?
How do we begin to talk about race in our labs and greater academia?
Why is it important to amplify the work of BIPOC scientists, and how can I do it?
10 simple rules for building an anti-racist lab
NINDS strategies for enhancing the diversity of neuroscience researchers
SACNAS (Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science)
'Am I going crazy?!' a critical race analysis of doctoral education
We are pleased to announce that the Department Committees on Diversity and Inclusion (DCDI) has assembled into four major subcommittees, and below is a list of each of the subcommittee leaders. Please reach out to them if you have ideas or feedback for their particular subcommittee
Xavier du Maine (Gu Lab) and Caleb Weinreb (Datta Lab) lead the Training Subcommittee, charged with identifying, creating, and implementing trainings for the Department that will encourage a more welcoming and inclusive culture.
Caroline Palavacino-Maggio (Kravitz Lab) and Maya Jay (Datta Lab) lead the In-Reach Subcommittee, charged with researching and implementing new programs to create more connections across our Department.
Bob Datta leads the Outreach Subcommittee, charged with creating new partnerships and programs that reach beyond HMS to encourage more people from diverse backgrounds to join the Department.
Kevin Mastro (Sabatini/Stevens Lab) leads the Education Subcommittee, dedicated to curating and collecting educational resources related to anti-racism, diversity, and inclusion.
In addition to the subcommittee members listed above, the Core Committee is comprised of: Michael Greenberg, Janine Zieg, Soha Ashrafi, Tari Tan, Jonathan Schneiderman, Chris Reid, Dionnet Bhatti, Chenghua Gu, Rachel Wilson, Gord Fishell, and Dragana Rogulja. The Core Committee will have its first meeting on September 25, 2020.
Together with USN and the Neurobiology admin team, each of the four subcommittees has met with its constituent members to brainstorm on specifics and delegate a series of new initiatives, including new Department programs for the Fall, new training curricula for staff, students, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty, as well as new outreach programs currently under development. There is a lot of work happening, and many of your colleagues are hard at work implementing the many great ideas generated in the past few months. Thanks to the over 40 people who volunteered to be members of each subcommittee, and to the subcommittee leaders who have taken on this important responsibility!


Weaning calves from their mothers is a stressful time on the farm. There are many things to keep in mind during this time, such as the impact weaning has on calves' digestive and immune systems, and what vaccinations and other health precautions need to be taken.
"Rumen development begins early in a calf's life. Dairy cattle producers are generally more concerned than beef cattle producers with nutritional hastening of rumen development because they want to transition calves off milk early in life. Calves in beef cattle operations are generally not supplemented in early life to hasten rumen development, but rumen morphology and microbiota develop early. By the time calves are 3 months of age, more than half their diet consists of forages or any supplements they might be exposed to with their dams," Dr. Shane Gadberry, nutritional specialist with the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension, said. He went on to say that at 5 months of age and older, milk is more like a supplement, with the bulk of the diet coming from forages or possibly creep feed.
During the weaning process, producers need to keep in mind that calves will be experiencing nutritional transitions.
He noted that starch is not a large concern in most of Ozark's forage-based production systems, because byproducts such gluten feed, distiller's grains and soybean hulls do not contain starch. Minerals and additives are also considerations for transitioning calves completely way from their mama's milk.
He recommends spreading out stressors such as weaning, diet change, marketing and castration.


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How to Deal With Sneaky American Editors
Andrew Sullivan links today to a short piece by Tim Parks in the New York Review of Books about the process of Americanizing a book that "explores the Italian national character through an account of thirty years' commuting and traveling on the
country's rail network." He was frustrated by the extent of the copy editing, and after negotiating some changes he wondered what was really going on:
Looking at this re-edit one realizes that the notion of Americanizing a text actually opens the way for a copy editor to impose personal preferences, perhaps imagining that something that sounds odd to his ear is un-American rather than simply my way of writing or his way of reading. Does anybody in the end really know with absolute certainty, all the differences between American and English usages? Aren't there a wide range of usages in both these countries? How can I know, when I see a particular edit, if it is an Americanism I have to accept, or a matter of individual taste I can take issue with?
Yep. Back in my marketing days I dealt frequently with European distributors, and I learned that whenever they disliked some policy of ours they'd insist that "cultural differences" were at issue. But this was often just an all-purpose excuse that they hoped I couldn't argue with. In reality, our differences were most often just the usual ones between a supplier and a distributor.
But of course, you had to be careful. Sometimes there really were cultural differences at work, and you had to be willing to dig deeply enough to figure which was which. Take this complaint, for example:
In my train book, for example, after a few pages discussing the fate of Italian railways under Nazi occupation, I begin a new paragraph "2,104 railwaymen died in the war" and find this changed to "A total of 2,104 railwaymen died in the Second World War." What is the sense of "A total of"? Surely it's not a requirement of Americanization. What does it add? The idea of my counting up the dead? To my ear the bare number has exactly the brutal eloquence that such statements demand. And how could the reader get his war wrong when we'd just been talking Mussolini and Hitler? When I cut "A total of" I find the sentence reappearing in the proofs thus: "In the Second World War, 2,104 railwaymen died…" One hardly needs to go to a creative writing class to appreciate that this formulation has less rhetorical force than "2,104 railwaymen died in the Second World War."
Apparently nobody told Parks why they were doing this. It's simple: if you open a sentence with a number, you're supposed to spell it out. But long numbers are cumbersome to spell out, so normally editors try to recast the sentence instead. This isn't an Americanism at all.
Or is it? It's definitely not house style. I've never worked with an editor anywhere who wouldn't follow this rule. But I've never worked with a non-American editor. So I wonder: Is this really a rule that's common in America but unheard of anywhere else? Would any of my overseas readers care to chime in on this?
POSTSCRIPT: For the record, I've always thought this was a dumb rule. Sure, spell out small numbers at the start of a sentence. No problem. But big numbers? Just leave them in. What on earth is supposed to be so off-putting about it?
I once read a sentence that began like this: "Nineteen sixty-eight was a year of…." Dumb! Off-putting! Did the copy editor who did that really think that any readers would be confused by a sentence that started with 1968?


In this thesis we deal with finite structures which may be interpreted as (natural) language dialogues, respectively can be derived from such.
When reflecting an arbitrary dialogue one might work out arguments and conflicts. We call the resulting formal representation an argumentation framework. Depending on personal principles one might want sets of arguments to withhold certain acceptability conditions. We describe such principles with the term argumentation semantics. It is evident that neither representations nor principles remain indubitable.
Intertranslatability refers to the act of transforming argumentation frameworks with the purpose of equalizing acceptable sets of arguments for different semantics. We point out possibilities as well as impossibilities, introduce a concept of locality and flesh out the expressiveness of the most common abstract argumentation semantics.


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Tiger Woods helps Masters' champion Dustin Johnson with his green jacket after his victory at the Masters golf tournament Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Augusta, Ga. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)
AUGUSTA, Ga. (AP) — Nothing ever comes easily for Dustin Johnson in the majors, except for when he slipped his arms through that Masters green jacket Sunday.
Johnson overcame a jittery start that conjured memories of past majors he failed to finish off. He turned that into a command performance, making sure this one-of-a-kind Masters with no fans also had no drama.
Johnson tapped in for par on the 18th for a 4-under 68 to finish at 20-under 268, breaking by two shots the record set by Tiger Woods in 1997 and matched by Jordan Spieth in 2015.
His five-shot victory was the largest at the Masters since Woods won by 12 in 1997. All that was missing were the roars from a crowd for any of his pivotal putts early and his birdie putts on the back nine that put it away.
"It still feels like a dream," Johnson said. "As a kid, you're dreaming about winning the Masters, having Tiger put the green jacket on you. I'm here and what a great feeling it is. I couldn't be more excited."
The Masters, postponed from April because of the COVID-19 pandemic, was forced to do without patrons for the first time. Johnson still received a warm reception coming up the 18th from club members and their wives, his partner, Paulina Gretzky, and a few champions.
Two-time champion Bubba Watson was there to congratulate him.
"I always dreamed of having one of those," Johnson said as he went to sign his card. "Now I got one."
Johnson's four-shot lead was reduced to one after five holes, and then he quickly restored control. Cameron Smith and Sungjae Im each shot 69 and were the only ones who really had a chance.
Smith got quite the consolation. He became the first player in Masters history to post all four rounds in the 60s, and all it got him was a silver medal. Johnson became the 12th Masters champion to never trail after any round, and his closing 68 broke another record held by Woods — it was his 11th consecutive sub-par round at Augusta National.
No one had a better finish than defending champion Tiger Woods, but only after the five-time Masters champion posted the highest score of his career — three balls in Rae's Creek for a 10 on the par-3 12th hole. He finished with five birdies over the last six holes to salvage a 76.
The betting favorite and biggest basher in golf, Bryson DeChambeau, couldn't even beat 63-year-old Bernhard Langer, who shot 71 and wound up one shot ahead of the U.S. Open champion.
These were only sideshows on a quiet Sunday at Augusta National.
Johnson, the first No. 1 player in the world to win the Masters since Woods in 2002, was the main event. He won for the 25th time worldwide and his second major — he won the U.S. Open from four shots behind at Oakmont in 2016 — comes with some big perks. He can return for the rest of his life and will host the Masters Club dinner next April for champions.
But even a record score, and the widest margin of victory since 1997, didn't mean it was easy. This is Johnson, after all, who for all his talent has dealt with more than his share of misfortune, not all his own doing.
He was the 16th player to take at least a four-shot lead into the final round of the Masters, and only four had failed to win, most recently Rory McIlroy in 2011.
That lead was down to one shot after five holes.
From short of the bunker on the par-5 second, Johnson muffed his flop into the bunker and had to scramble for par at the easiest hole on the course Sunday. After he settled himself with a birdie on No. 3, he came up short of the green and took three putts for bogey, then found a fairway bunker off the fifth tee, had to lay up and made another bogey.
Im started with two birdies in three holes, and saved par with a fabulous flop over a bunker behind the fifth green. Suddenly, he was one shot behind. Ahead of them was Smith, suddenly two shots behind.
Just when it looked as though Johnson might he headed to a meltdown, it all changed on one hole.
Johnson's tee shot to a pin on the top-right shelf at the par-3 sixth settled 6 feet away for birdie. Im chipped from just behind the green to 3 feet and missed the par putt. Johnson's lead was back to three.
Then, with Johnson blocked by pine branches and having to punch low into a front bunker at No. 7, Im from the fairway sailed the green into a bunker, blasted out through the green and made bogey.
Smith was still within two shots when they made the turn, and the wind was stronger that it had been all week, but the Aussie could manage only one birdie, and by then it was too late.
Nothing is sweeter than that walk up the steep hill to the 18th green with a five-shot lead and a green jacket waiting. Except in this case, there was no one to cheer, hardly anyone to watch.
There were no roars this week. White and pink blooms of azaleas and dogwoods were replaced by gold and brown hues of Augusta in autumn. It really was a Masters unlike any other, except there was no mistaking that green jacket.
It's a good fit for Johnson.
More Masters Report Stories
by Mike Lepp / Jan 12, 2021
AUGUSTA, Ga. (WJBF) - The Augusta National Golf Club has announced plans for limited patron attendance at this year's Masters Golf Tournament.
The 85th Masters Tournament is scheduled for April 5th through 11th with efforts being made to follow health and safety standards to include a limited number of patrons.


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At the British Columbia Reconciliation Awards event on Jan. 12, Premier David Eby is flanked by Surrey LIP's senior manager, Lenya Wilks (left) and DIVERSEcity CEO Neelam Sahota at Government House in Victoria. (Submitted photo: Don Craig)
Work to create 'Surrey First Peoples Guide for Newcomers' wins B.C. Reconciliation Award
Ceremony held at Victoria's Government House on Jan. 12
Tom Zillich
A groundbreaking project in Surrey is among winners of the 2022 British Columbia Reconciliation Award.
The creation of the "Surrey First Peoples Guide for Newcomers" has earned the award for Surrey Local Immigration Partnership (LIP), run by DIVERSEcity Community Resources Society.
The goal of the guide is to address a lack of educational resources about First Peoples in Canada, created from an Indigenous perspective.
"The first of its kind in Surrey, the 46-page guide provides information on histories and current challenges of Indigenous, Métis, and Inuit people in Canada, and addresses common misconceptions and stereotypes about the First Peoples, and also celebrates Indigenous brilliance and excellence," explains a post on the Lieutenant Governor of B.C.'s website.
On Jan. 12, Surrey LIP's senior manager, Lenya Wilks, and DIVERSEcity CEO Neelam Sahota attended an awards ceremony at Government House in Victoria, in partnership with BC Achievement Foundation. Fifteen award winners for 2021 and 2022 were honoured at the event, which included speeches by Premier David Eby, Lt. Gov. Janet Austin, Hereditary Chief Sophie Pierre, T'esóts'en Patrick Kelly and Kúkpi7 Rosanne Casimir.
CLICK HERE to watch a livestream of the event.
• RELATED: New 'Surrey First Peoples Guide for Newcomers' seeks to 'uplift and amplify' voices.
The Surrey guide, designed by Nahanee Creative with funding from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), was created and compiled by Jeska Slater.
Published in English in June 2021, the guide provides information on histories and current challenges of Indigenous, Métis and Inuit people in Canada, and addresses common misconceptions and stereotypes about the First Peoples. The document has since been translated into Punjabi, Tagalog and Mandarin.
The British Columbia Reconciliation Award recognizes "individuals, groups and organizations that have demonstrated exceptional leadership, integrity, respect and commitment to furthering reconciliation or inspired others to continue reconciliation efforts."
Other award winners for 2022 are Kwuntiltunaat Kim Baird, T̓łaḵwagila Chief Bill Cranmer, Brendan Eshom, Atomic Cartoons in partnership with GBH, and Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc and the City of Kamloops.
The 2021 award winners are Xele'milh-Doris Paul, Grand Chief Stewart Phillip, Corey Payette, Dawn Drummond, David Suzuki, Cpl. Christopher Voller, Carrier Sekani Family Services, xaȼqanaǂ ʔitkiniǂ (Many Ways of Doing the Same Thing) Research Team, and Marine Plan Partnership for the North Pacific Coast.
The nomination period for the 2023 awards is open until Jan. 20, 2023, on bcachievement.com.
tom.zillich@surreynowleader.com
AwardsSurreyTruth and Reconciliation
New CARP helm for South Surrey resident, volunteer Ramona Kaptyn
White Rock's Coldest Night, set for Feb. 25, already one-fifth of way to $250K goal


We are back with Tip 5 in this free email course for Speaking with Confidence. How have you been applying the tips so far?
In this video, Amnah talks about how you can engage your listeners when you speak.
As usual, tell us what you think about this tip and how you're going to apply it in your everyday English speaking situation by replying to our emails.