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Infectious Disease Behavior Environment Infection Protection
Indoor Transmission: Outdoor Activities Could Pose Lower Risks In Warm Temperatures
Posted on May 07, 2020, 4 p.m.
Studies suggest that activities held outdoors in warmer temperatures could pose lower risk for COVID-19 than those done in confined indoor spaces. As reopening of states is being considered, states should look to ease rules to allow more access to recreational, religious, and business activities that occur outside, according to Scott Gottlieb, MD, former commissioner of the FDA from 2017 to 2019.
This study analyzed case reports extracted from the local Municipal Health Commission of 320 prefectural municipalities in China between January 4-11, 2020, identifying all outbreaks involving 3+ cases and reviewed the major characteristics of the enclosed spaces in which the outbreaks were reported and associated indoor environmental issues.
318 outbreaks with 3 or more cases were identified involving 1245 confirmed cases in 120 prefectural cities. These were divided into 6 venues in which the outbreaks occurred : homes, transport, food, entertainment, shopping, and miscellaneous. Among the identified outbreaks 53.8% involved three cases, 26.4% involved four cases, and 1.6% involved ten or more cases.
The dominant category was home outbreaks at 214 of 318 outbreaks (79.9%), this was followed by transportation at 108 (34% many outbreaks in this area involved more than one venue category). Most home outbreaks involved 3-5 cases, and only a single outbreak in an outdoor environment venue was identified which involved two cases.
The researchers concluded that all identified outbreaks of 3+ cases occurred during an indoor environment/event, which confirms that sharing indoor space is a major SARS-CoV- 2 risk.
It really is not a surprise that stagnant indoor air has an increased chance of exposure than fresh outdoor air, as well as the virus having infinitely higher chances of surviving to transmit indoors. Fresh air will help to carry particles away, and during the warmer temperatures there is more direct sunlight that most viruses do not do well in. Going back to studies of the 1918 Spanish flu that showed more patients recovered in the outdoor air, which was suggested to act as a natural disinfectant along with the sunlight having germicidal properties; these act to support the current findings.
"The efficacy of open air treatment has been absolutely proven, and one has only to try it to discover its value," stated the Surgeon General of the Massachusetts State Guard.
It would appear as if modern day may need to take a look back at the past and take a lesson from a former pandemic in which fresh air, sunlight, and improvised face masks worked a century ago. If you pair that with social distancing and proper hygiene of modern day they all might help us now, and allow some outdoor activities to reopen.
"Parks, beaches — as long as they're not cheek to jowl, cycling, walking, this is good," said Tom Frieden, the former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Enjoy nature. It's good for us, and it has very low risk of spreading the virus."
"It definitely spreads more indoors than outdoors," said Roger Shapiro, a professor at Harvard University's T.H. Chan School of Public Health. "The virus droplets disperse so rapidly in the wind that they become a nonfactor if you're not really very close to someone outdoors — let's say within six feet."
"The virus can't magically teleport," said Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security. "It needs a cough or sneeze or something, singing, talking, spitting. ... It's not magnetism or something like that."
"You can go to the beach, you can go to the park, and it can be safe," he said. "It's just you have to be cognizant of the fact that the virus is there," said Adalja. "There's not some kind of black or white answer to all of this stuff," he said. "People are going to have to make a lot of decisions about what risk tolerance they have."
http://connect.medrxiv.org/relate/content/181
https://medium.com/@ra.hobday/coronavirus-and-the-sun-a-lesson-from-the-1918-influenza-pandemic-509151dc8065
https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/496483-evidence-mounts-that-outside-is-safer-when-it-comes-to-covid-19
https://cuencahighlife.com/fresh-air-and-sunshine-were-good-for-1918-flu-victims-how-about-for-coronavirus/
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50,000 Facebook Votes: Stand Strong North Carolina! | Public Advocate of the U.S.
50,000 Facebook Votes: Stand Strong North Carolina!
In the days following North Carolina's decision to ban the so-called "transgender bathroom agenda", the Homosexual Lobby and their allies have gone to war to punish the state.
Companies and entertainers have threatened to hurt North Carolina's economy if the state doesn't adopt the radical Homosexual Agenda.
One response by Public Advocate to these political terrorist-style threats was to launch a Facebook Campaign to rally support to Governor McCrory and his beleaguered state.
North Carolina may be in the national spotlight, but this issue is affecting Michigan, Virginia, Missouri and so many more!
This is a national fight.
LIKE & SHARE to show you STAND WITH NC!
And the response has been overwhelmingly supportive.
As of this press release, more than 50,000 Facebook Conservatives have voted their support for the North Carolina Biological Bathroom Bill with Likes, Shares and Comments on Public Advocate's posts.
"As the pressure builds on his office, Public Advocate and our supporters remind Governor McCrory that this is what's best for North Carolina and for America," Eugene Delgaudio, president Public Advocate.
Credit for Artwork to "Unknown Creator".


Orlando, Florida is perhaps one of the hottest destinations for both commercial and private charter flights in the nation. With virtually limitless things-to-do, a bustling business and corporate economy, and many airports from which to choose, picking the right charter flight to Orlando can seem a daunting task. At Charter Flight Group, we take the anxiety out of the choice.
With over 30 years experience in charter flight service, Charter Flight Group is in a unique position to help anyone find exactly the right private aircraft as well as the perfect Airport to serve as your entry to Orlando.
If you are traveling alone, perhaps all you need to charter is a Cessna Caravan.
If you are bringing along your entourage, you may need something slightly larger like a Citation Jet or Falcon 50. Or perhaps, you plan on bringing the entire crew along.
In this case, your private charter flight may be better served by a Global 5000 or a Boeing 737, equipped for luxury travel naturally. Regardless of your private flight needs, we has the charter plane to suit you.
Of course, we understand that safety and convenience are your main concerns when booking your private charter jet, so one of our flight consultants can be reached 24/7 and provide you with the peace of mind that nothing will be left to chance. In addition, we see to it that all charter aircraft exceed FAA regulations by performing regular safety audits through ARGUS and WYVERN. This ensures that your flight will be safe, smooth, and on-schedule.
When you book your private jet through CFG, you are ensured of service to the best and most exclusive airfields in Orlando.
If privacy is a concern, you may ask your private flight consultant to book your flight to enter Orlando Executive Airport. Located in the heart of Orlando, this airport does not serve commercial flights, ensuring privacy along with speedy and dignified service by Transit Authorities upon landing. In addition, this airport provides door-to-door service so that your ground transportation may be waiting on the tarmac upon your arrival.
Of course, perhaps privacy is not a concern. Perhaps you would like PR opportunities upon your arrival by private jet. No worries. Just plan to have your charter consultant arrange for a landing at the adjacent Orlando International Airport.
Both Orlando International and Executive are situated close to the downtown business district and provide easy access to the finest hotels and lodging.
If you prefer a more remote area, just to the north and north-west you may have your private jet land at either Sanford or Apopka.
Or maybe you would like to land closer to such attractions as Disney World. In this case, your charter flight crew may bring you to Kissimmee.
Regardless of your needs, CFG consultants can see to it that your private charter trip is perfect.
For Corporate travelers, Orlando provides some of the most fertile companies in America with which to do business.
Disney World and affiliates is the single largest employer in the region, with over 53,000 employees, not to mention Universal Studios. Wal-Mart has a large distribution facility, both the State of Florida and Federal Governments have numerous important offices located in Orlando, and the healthcare industry is well-situated here. Whatever your business requirements in Orlando, CFG consultants can match you to the right airport.
Of course, with Disney and Universal in town, your business trip may not be all business. However, besides these attractions, Orlando boasts a wide array of other venues for your amusement and relaxation.
Cirque de Soleil, Epcot, and Sea World are among the most popular attractions your flying consultant can arrange. In addition, there are many fine gardens, golf courses, professional athletic events, and museums one can visit.
Why Choose Charter Flight Group for your Orlando Charter Flight?
Why should you choose Charter Flight Group when booking your private charter to Orlando?


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Significance of experience and its effect
1. Please provide a statement that addresses your reasons for transferring and the objectives you hope to achieve. You can type directly into the box, or you can paste text from another source. (Approximately 650 words)
2. USC believes that one learns best when interacting with people of different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. Tell us about a time you were exposed to a new idea or when your beliefs were challenged by another point of view. Please discuss the significance of the experience and its effect on you. (Approximately 250 words)
3. Describe how you plan to pursue your academic interests and why you want to explore them at USC specifically. Please feel free to address your first- and second-choice major selections. (Approximately 250 words)
4. What do you personally expect to get out of studying engineering or computer science in college? (Approximately 250 words)
5. While the world as a whole may be more technologically advanced than ever before, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) has outlined 14 Grand Challenges that engineers should focus on to improve life on the planet. Learn about the Grand Challenges at www.engineeringchallenges.org and tell us which challenge is most important, and why. (Approximately 250 words)
6. For each college or university term (excluding summer) in which you were enrolled in less than four semester-unit courses or three quarter-unit courses, please provide a brief explanation as to why you were unable to enroll full time. (Approximately 250 words)
Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems. Unlike electrical and computer engineers, computer scientists deal mostly with software and software systems; this includes their theory, design, development, and application. A degree in computer science can lead an individual to several fields and specialization i.e data scientist, web developer, systems analyst, business analyst, network architect and even software engineering.
By the by, the negligible nearness of a PMO doesn't ensure venture accomplishment in projectised associations (Ikeda, 2006). Ward and Daniel (2013), found that, now and again, the nearness of a PMO really lessens senior administration fulfillment, while Aziz (2014) calls attention to that there exists uncertainty with respect to the job of a PMO while considering the earth wherein the PMO is made. As authoritative societies decides hierarchical conditions, it is the authoritative culture that will decide the job, and at last the adequacy, of the PMO.
Denison, Haaland and Goelzer (2003) contemplated the connection between hierarchical culture and viability among various organizations universally, after some time, and a relationship between's authoritative culture and business execution. They distinguished four hierarchical social attributes – association, consistency, versatility and strategic that they straightforwardly identified with various authoritative viability criteria, to be specific deals development, benefit, piece of the pie, item quality, representative fulfillment and by and large organization execution (Denison and Mishra 1995 refered to by Denison, Haaland and Goelzer, 2003:207; Denison and Neale, 1996).
Kotter and Haskett's milestone study found that an association's way of life legitimately impacts its main concern, with culture-strong associations outflanking their partners (Kotter and Haskett 1992 refered to by Cooper, 2000; Kreitner and Kinicki, 1998:67 and Suda, 2008). Projectised associations achieve vital and business objectives through the conveyance of undertakings, so an authoritative culture which isn't steady of task the board, valorises a feeble venture the board condition, prompting an unfriendly effect on the projectised association's main concern (Du Plessis and Hoole, 2006a; Swan, Scarbrough and Newell, 2010).
Nguyen and Watanabe (2017) contemplated the effect of hierarchical culture on the exhibition of development extends in Vietnam, and found that there were different social factors that impacted the presentation of Vietnamese development ventures, with one social factor sticking out, to be specific dreary temporary worker promise to contract understandings. Fleury (2009) examined the collaboration among culture and skill, and discovered proof of specific qualities ruling others in associations, prompting the ruling worth turning into the main deciding variable of undertaking achievement. The previous is additionally bolstered by Greenberg and Baron (1993:316-318). It would thus be able to be concluded that associations with a, for instance, learning/self-actualisation culture, will probably ascribe venture accomplishment to variables, for example, showcase development, rather than the more customary, and demonstrated, venture achievement factors referenced in different undertaking the executives writing (Slevin and Pinto, 1987; Crawford, 2000; Kerzner, 2009:60-63). The accompanying Tesla Motors contextual analysis serves to outline this view.
Tesla's hierarchical culture is one of a kind in the vehicle producing industry. It is principally determined by (CEO) Elon Musk's exceptionally specific and solid administration character (Schein 2004:242), and their foundations as a beginning up in Silicon Valley. The organization's primary social guideline is to "move quick and break things" (Bučko, 2018). This culture has demonstrated to not be useful to the timeous finishing of undertakings, as outlined by the various postponements of Tesla's Model 3 vehicle. In the second from last quarter of 2017, Tesla conveyed only 222 of the 400,000 car on request (Wieczner, 2018: Online). After this generation delay, the vehicle's conveyance was deferred as far as possible of the final quarter 2017, with the date later again pushed ahead to January 2018. Tesla supported the generation delay by expressing the organization was focussing on conveying a quality item (Stewart, 2018: Online). Towards the finish of 2018, Musk admitted that Tesla "came surprisingly close to death before it had the option to meet its Model 3 generation objectives" (Kovach, 2018: Online).
The task the executives subculture is made by the character attributes of undertaking administrators, the aptitudes they require to be fruitful in overseeing ventures, and their specialized fitness. It can additionally be more extensive characterized as the conduct of partners inside projectised associations (Du Plessis and Hoole, 2006a). In numerous projectised associations, the undertaking the executives subculture is an effectively existing solid subculture inside the association's way of life (Banister-Hazama and Hazama, 2014). As per Kerzner (2009:80-81), venture the board societies depend on the idea of an association's matter of fact.
Be that as it may, much the same as the PMO, the simple presence of a venture the board subculture won't ensure venture achievement in a projectised association, or possibly that a task will be seen as being fruitful (Greenberg and Baron, 1993:74; Ikeda, 2006). Fleury (2009) explored the collaboration among culture and fitness and found that culture will consistently be the deciding variable for what is viewed as skillful conduct for a specific gathering. In view of this social inclination, the undertaking the board subculture should be the predominant subculture in projectised associations, on the off chance that it is to be the deciding variable in venture execution; Du Plessis and Hoole (2006a) fight that one of the primary driver of task disappointment, is a hierarchical culture that doesn't bolster venture the executives.
To address the last mentioned, Du Plessis and Hoole (2006a) built up an 'operational undertaking the board culture' system, focussing on four task components, to be specific (1) venture process, (2) individuals in ventures, (3) venture frameworks and structure, and (4) the task condition. The system is expected to help projectised associations, which doesn't have a built up venture the board culture, to convey progressively effective activities. Besides, they built up a 'venture the executives culture appraisal device', which associations can use to decide the development of their task the board culture, and consequently decide the potential undertaking execution issues they may understanding (Du Plessis and Hoole, 2006b).
In their writing concentrate to distinguish the components of an authoritative culture steady of task the executives, Morrison, Brown and Smit (2006:48) proposes a hypothesis that puts venture the board at the focal point of an association's way of life, with the viable administration of undertakings becoming the dominant focal point concerning hierarchical capacity. Further speculations on the best way to adjust venture and authoritative culture is advanced by Kerzner (2009:936) and Larson and Gray (2011:77), with Kerzner declaring that task the executives approachs ought to be intended to help an association's way of life, and Larson and Gray (2011:85) proposing a hierarchical model which adjusts the necessities of the undertaking with that of the association.
For venture the executives to be genuinely fruitful in projectised associations, senior administration must start authoritative change to make a corporate culture that supports venture the board (Kerzner, 2009:76), adequately changing the association's DNA (Prahalad and Hamel 1990 refered to by Fleury 2009). Authority profoundly affects hierarchical culture (Schein, 2004; Banister-Hazama and Hazama, 2014; Groysberg et al., 2018: Online), and accordingly impacts authoritative culture, but at the same time is liable for any progressions to an association's way of life (Kreitner and Kinicki, 1998:496). Steyn (2017: Online) states that this change can really be practiced through tasks and projects, with an organized methodology constraining protection from change inside the association.
To start such authoritative change, administration needs to reflectively survey their condition, decide their 'ideal hierarchical capacities', and start the re-building of the association's business procedures to be increasingly steady of an undertaking the executives culture (Ostadi, Aghdasi and Alibabaei, 2010). Notwithstanding, should an association's initiative choose to take this jump to change its business procedures to be increasingly steady of task the executives, it have to guarantee that their way of life adjusts as well (Patah, 2004; de Oliviera, Patah and Chen, 2007). An a valid example is the usage of the '[email protected]' program at Siemens.
To encourage the fruitful conveyance of undertakings, projectised associations require some type of task the executives culture – a subculture to the authoritative culture. This is best delineated by the contextual analysis of the presentation of a program called '[email protected]' that reformed the manner by which undertakings were overseen at Siemens (Patah, 2004).
First presented in 2001, the point of the program was to institutionalize the manner by which activities were overseen over the Siemens bunch all around, by institutionalizing venture the board jobs and duties over the association. The program not just enhanced the conveyance of tasks inside the association, yet in addition began changing the way of life at Siemens concerning how the conveyance of undertakings were drawn closer, just as discernments inside the association with respect to what it implied for a venture to be effective. Changing of discernments is significant, in light of the fact that task achievement is really a matter of observation among key venture partners (Baker, Murphy and Fisher 1988 refered to by Crawford, 2000). The acknowledged advantages of the purposeful preparing projects and training were army: a formally dressed task the executives culture was built up across Siemens, there was improved cross-hierarchical correspondence (identified with venture achievement), more consistency concerning venture arranging and controls, and expanded open doors because of expanded consumer loyalty, straightforwardly identified with better conveyed undertakings (de Oliviera, Patah and Chen, 2007).
Hierarchical culture, and its related social styles, plays an in
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Morgan vs. Peace Dollar: Which has a silver lining?
January 6, 2022 /in Expert Tips, Stories /by Jasper52
Morgan and Peace silver dollars are the quintessential dollar coins issued from 1878 through 1935 considered the most aesthetically pleasing coins ever produced by the United States. This example sold for $7,500 (plus buyer's premium) in 2006. Image courtesy: Brunk Auctions and LiveAuctioneers
A silver dollar is impressive any way you look at it. It's hefty, artistically beautiful, and symbolically as American as apple pie. It's no wonder that the Morgan Dollar and Peace Dollar, both noted for their intricate designs, are the ones most sought after at auction. Which one is the more collectible of the two, though?
Morgan Dollar
Coins — both silver and gold — were first issued for circulation by the United States Mint in 1794. But it may surprise you to know that, at that time, anyone possessing either silver or gold bullion could request that the US Mint create coinage from their bullion in fractional values for use as legal tender. The Coin Act of 1873 changed that policy when it demonetized silver for the first time, putting the United States on the gold standard.
By 1878, the Bland-Allison Act re-monetized silver into dollars. The Mint intended to strike a new silver dollar beginning that year and turned to Assistant Engraver George Morgan, a die engraver originally from Great Britain, to design it. The final design featured a profile of Liberty wearing a Phrygian cap of freedom (modeled after teacher and philosopher Anna Willess Williams) on the obverse and an American Bald Eagle with outstretched wings on the reverse. The Morgan Dollar, named for its designer, was circulated from 1878 until 1904 (it was reissued in 1921 and reintroduced in 2021 as a commemorative proof coin).
The redesigned silver dollar of 1878 was so pleasing to collectors, compared to previously minted coins, that it was promptly named the Morgan Dollar for its designer, George T. Morgan, an Assistant Engraver for the US Mint. This closeup shows a first issue that recently sold for $59,500 (plus buyer's premium). Image courtesy: 3 Kings Auction and LiveAuctioneers
Peace Dollar
The Pittman Act of 1918 required the melting down of existing silver dollars into bullion and purchasing an equal amount of silver from western silver mines to be re-minted into new silver dollars, initially continuing the Morgan Dollar design. However, coin collectors strongly encouraged a unique design to commemorate the world at peace with the end of World War I.
In 1921 a new silver dollar was designed by sculptor Anthony di Francisi after winning a competition sponsored by the Commission of Fine Arts. The obverse featured a profile of Liberty wearing a stylized crown (modeled after his wife Mary Teresa) and a perched Bald Eagle with sun rays in the background on the reverse that together would "…capture the spirit of the country – its intellectual speed, vigor and vitality." The new silver dollar was immediately nicknamed the Peace Dollar.
The Peace Dollar would remain in circulation from 1921 until 1928, with reissues in 1934, 1935 and a collectible proof coin beginning in 2021.
Following War I, a new silver dollar was being considered to celebrate the final victory. The result was sculptor Anthony di Francisi's design for the Peace Dollar. It was first issued in 1921. This lot of 40 uncirculated ones together with 60 uncirculated Morgan Dollars for $4,000 (without buyer's premium) in 2011. Image courtesy: US Asset Forfeiture & Seizures, Inc. and LiveAuctioneers
The Morgan and the Peace Dollars are considered by collectors to be the most attractive and collectible of all United States coins. Both feature Liberty on the obverse and a Bald Eagle on the reverse, but each design's details and artistry make them so distinctive that when they were first released, they set the standard for all future coin designs.
The composition of Morgan and Peace Dollars is identical, but their numbers are dramatically different. Both are of the same thickness, diameter, and weight, minted with 90% silver and 10% copper (the 2021 proof coins of each are .999 silver content). Only the Morgan Dollar was minted in larger quantities, about 650 million circulated for more than 27 years. In comparison, 190 million Peace Dollars were circulated over nine years. For that reason, the Morgan Dollar is the more "collected" of the two types.
Collectors will find many Morgan Dollars in uncirculated condition, meaning that the coins do not feature the usual scratches and wear such coins would naturally encounter over a long period of public use. Coin dealers may point this out as a selling point, however many Morgan Dollars weren't generally circulated by the US Mint and instead were kept in vaults. For that reason, uncirculated Morgan Dollars aren't necessarily scarce.
While assembling a complete collection of Morgan Dollars is more of a challenge and amassing a full set of circulated Peace Dollars is more manageable, each type has its rarities. For example, the Morgan Dollar, reissued in 1921, was minted in San Francisco, but it was also minted in Denver for that year only, making the 1921 D Morgan Dollar quite rare. The 1893 S had a small mintage of only 200,000, and any with an early mint mark of CC (Carson City, Nevada Mint) is quite scarce.
The Peace Dollar was initially minted in high relief in 1921 and 1922 to call attention to the detail of its design. The dies used to highlight the coin's fine detail were subjected to too much pressure. Frequently they would crack or break and would immediately be replaced with the latest coin design, featuring a lower relief. One might occasionally encounter a high-relief Peace Dollar for 1921 or 1922 at auction, but, except for the existence of about 10 or so, all of the high-relief coins were melted down and never circulated. Also, many of the Peace Dollars minted in San Francisco beginning in 1923 are considered rare for their relatively low mintage and are a collector's favorite at auction.
Each Morgan or Peace Dollar will have its distinguishing characteristics such as rarity, condition, mintage, and errors that collectors should watch for at auction. Always check with a reputable dealer, the American Numismatic Association, collectors.com, and prominent coin-grading companies such as the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) and the Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC) to help track the rarities and follow the current value of any Morgan and Peace Dollar.
In the end, both the Morgan and the Peace Dollar are collected equally, based on a personal interest in their symbolism, design, and overall collectibility in the marketpplace. Their history, alone, instills a feeling of pride in any collector who holds one of these beautiful coins in their hand.
Tags: coins
https://www.jasper52.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/1-J52-dollar-lot-1.jpg 294 600 Jasper52 https://www.jasper52.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/j52_logo.png Jasper522022-01-06 09:00:182022-01-06 11:59:59Morgan vs. Peace Dollar: Which has a silver lining?
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United States Edition
The Daniels Corporation returns to Daniels City Centre in Mississauga with a new 40 storey residential tower
Sponsored Feb 27, 2017
Mississauga's City Centre has seen tremendous growth over the past decade as soaring towers have filled the city's skyline. One of the earliest developers in the area was the Daniels Corporation, who established the first master-planned community, just steps from Square One Shopping Centre, in 2004. Since building the first towers, known as The Capital Condominiums, the Toronto-based developer has created a diverse architectural landscape that includes the gargoyle-festooned One Park Tower, the Chicago School of Architecture-inspired Chicago Condominiums and the glowing green Limelight Condominiums.
Following the completion of Limelight in 2013, the Daniels Corporation is returning to the 23 acre, mixed-use community this summer with the launch of a new 40 storey residential tower at Confederation Parkway and City Centre Drive. Although details on the project are still emerging, prospective homebuyers can expect to see contemporary architecture, family-friendly amenities and the latest features and interior finishes. Homebuyers will also have a wide selection of suites to choose from with layouts that include one-bedroom, one-bedroom plus den, two-bedroom, two-bedroom plus den and a limited number of three-bedroom floorplans in the podium.
Situated in one of the GTA's most amenity-rich neighbourhoods, residents of Daniels City Centre will have a wealth of local amenities right at their doorsteps. In addition to the boutique shops and cafes that dot the area, they'll also be within walking distance of Square One. Boasting over 320 shops, services, dining and entertainment options, the retail complex is the largest mall in Ontario and is one of the GTA's premier shopping destination. Major tenants include Hudson's Bay, Simons and Holt Renfrew.
Also in the neighbourhood is Sheridan College's Hazel McCallion Campus, the Living Arts Centre, a three-acre public park, Celebration Square and Mississauga City Hall. Plus, those who do have to travel will have convenient access to Mississauga Transit, GO Transit, Highway 403, 401 and 407.
To be the first to purchase, interested buyers can join the Daniels City Centre Inner Circle™. For a one-time $300 membership fee, you'll get the most comprehensive selection of suites, floors and views to choose from. You'll also get an invitation to Daniels' Preview event including the first advance sale before the general public. And, should you decide to purchase a suite, the membership fee will be applied toward the purchase of your home or fully refunded if you don't.
To learn more about Daniels City Centre or to join the Inner Circle, be sure to register today at DanielsCityCentre.com.
For more information, call 905 819 8889 or email danielscitycentre@danielscorp.com.
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Q: Any way to make Applescript count "&" as a word? When I tell Applescript to count the words of a string like "A & B" with the text item delimiters set to space, it returns 2.  It is not counting the ampersand as a word.  Is there any way to change that?  After all, "&" means "and", which does count as a word.

A: Here's a workaround:
set theString to "A & B"
set wordCount to do shell script "wc -w <<< " & quoted form of theString & " | tr -d ' '"

In this example, it returns: 3

A: This script uses the Satimage.osax scripting addition. After putting the Satimage.osax file in your folder /Library/ScriptingAdditions/Satimage.osax, you should be able to view its dictionary and all of its commands in ScriptEditor.app by going to menu item "Window/Library"
Download Satimage Scripting Addition
set theString to "A & B"
set toExclude to {" "} as list -- Variable For Items To Be Removed From Your List In Line 4

set theWordCount to items of theString -- Returns The Items Of Your String As A List {"A", " ", "&", " ", "B"}

set resultList to exclude items toExclude from theWordCount -- Removes Specified Items From The List
set theWordCount to count items of resultList -- Returns 3 As Your Count

get theWordCount -- This Line Is Not Necessary And Can Be Removed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A Sunny Surprise
New York Sunpointed out
Mrs. Clinton has come under pressure from her rivals for the Democratic nomination, who have stepped up their criticism of free trade and NAFTA in particular. The former first lady has distanced herself from the legacy of NAFTA, but she has done so without faulting her husband's administration. "I have said that for many years, that, you know, NAFTA and the way it's been implemented has hurt a lot of American workers," she said at an AFL-CIO presidential forum in August. She said she was for "smart trade," "pro-American trade," and she touted her opposition to the Central American Free Trade Agreement and to giving the president "fast-track" authority to negotiate future trade pacts.
Wall Street Journalcites a poll
Such a stance is sure to face a challenge in the 2008 general election. Though President Bill Clinton famously steered the Democratic Party toward a less-protectionist bent and promoted the North American Free Trade Agreement, his wife and the current Democratic front-runner, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has adopted more skeptical rhetoric. Mrs. Clinton has come out against a U.S. trade deal with South Korea. Other leading Democrats have been harshly critical of trade expansion, pleasing their party's labor-union backers. In a March 2007 WSJ/NBC poll, before recent scandals involving tainted imports, 54% of Democratic voters said free-trade agreements have hurt the U.S., compared with 21% who said they have helped.
New York Sunproposes a remedy
Enter Vice President Gore. It may seem like ancient history, what with Mr. Gore's current reputation as an anti-global-warming crusader, but back during the NAFTA debate of the early 1990s, Mr. Gore was one of the Clinton administration's most credible and effective spokesmen for free trade. It was Mr. Gore's November 1993 debate against Ross Perot about NAFTA, moderated by Larry King, that reportedly garnered one of the highest ratings in the history of the Cable News Network and that sealed the pact's approval, days later, in Congress. Aside from his vote for the first Gulf War, it was the Tennessean's finest hour. Were Mr. Gore to re-engage today in the debate on trade policy, he'd have plenty of strong arguments to offer. He could point out that the number of American jobs has grown by about 26 million since Mr. Clinton signed NAFTA, to 146 million from 120 million. He could point out that the unemployment rate when Mr. Clinton signed NAFTA in December of 1993 was a seasonally adjusted 6.5% and that there hasn't been a December since then with an unemployment rate above 6%. The most recently reported rate, for August of 2007, stood at 4.6%. So much for the "giant sucking sound" that Mr. Perot predicted would echo from all the American jobs going to Mexico.
Person Career, The Spine, Bill Clinton, Business Relation, president


text:
La bibliothèque Carnegie de Washington D. C. est située dans le quartier de . Sa réalisation fut financée par l'entrepreneur Andrew Carnegie. Conçue par la firme de New York Ackerman & Ross dans le style Beaux-Arts, elle a été inaugurée le .

Ce fut la première bibliothèque Carnegie à Washington et elle fut la première bibliothèque publique.

Elle a servi de bibliothèque publique centrale pour Washington durant près de 70 ans. La bibliothèque centrale a ensuite été relocalisée à la bibliothèque du mémorial Martin Luther King Jr.. Après avoir été fermée pendant dix ans, elle a été rénovée dans le cadre de l'Université du District de Columbia. Actuellement , elle est utilisée par la  et pour divers événements.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Carnegie
Washington
Bibliothèque inscrite au Registre national des lieux historiques
Registre national des lieux historiques à Washington (district de Columbia)
Registre national des lieux historiques en 1969

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you want to crop image then activate Crop image or Crop tool in other words. Video tutorial Here is my recording with steps that you need to perform in order to scale or crop the image in Adobe Acrobat �... 23/11/2007�� Re: Cropping PDF in Acrobat or Pitstop Tech, having been in a publishing environment you're right we did have other things to focus on. Like publishing the books.
How can I edit a image in Acrobat PDF. Please help me.Hi Naveenraju, You will need Acrobat Pro for that. This Help document has all the information that you need: Acrobat Help Edit images or objects in a PDF Please let us know how it goes. Best, Sa . How do I crop an image to 3.5 x 5 11-30. I'm trying to match the size and aspect ratio of an older photo. The old photo was printed at 3.5" x 5 pdf that you can type in Cropping Pages (Acrobat 10) On Demand Learn how to hide irrelevant information from scanned articles by using the Crop feature.
The Set Crop pages in pdf acrobat Boxes dialog box opens, indicating the margin measurements of the cropping rectangle and the page to be cropped. You can override the crop area you defined, making new selections in the dialog box before clicking OK. Other applications may ignore the mask and reveal the stuff you were trying to delete.


I would like to update my Galaxy S2 to , Jelly Bean. Download and install Samsung Kies on your computer. Once the download is complete, connect your Galaxy S2 to your computer via USB cable. Open Kies and wait for it to detect your phone. Before Updating to Jelly - Steps to Update your - Jelly Bean. Samsung has yet again released a new firmware update for Galaxy S2 I; Android Jelly Bean Official Firmware for users. 12 Oct - 8 min - Uploaded by androidadn Hello guys! follow this simple tutorial tu update your Samsung Galaxy S2 to the latest Android.
8 Sep - 5 min - Uploaded by jyothiraj h Downloads: 1. Android Jelly Bean [XXLSJ] Package File: Link 1. Unfortunately Samsung released this firmware update through Samsung Kies and OTA (Over The Air) only in limited regions. To overcome with this, we have come up with a complete step by step tutorial for manually flashing this Android XWLST Jelly Bean based firmware on your Galaxy S2 GT-I device. The Indian Samsung Galaxy S2 (model number GT-I) is being officially upgraded to Android Jelly Bean as we speak.
The Galaxy S2 I handset had received the official Android Jelly Bean OTA update, but if you need to manually flash the firmware on your device. Official Jelly Bean Update for the Samsung Galaxy S II I This will put the device on software that is as up to date as the Samsung Galaxy S III and the Samsung Galaxy Note II. The update is official, which means you can get it via Kies or an OTA. We have put together all detailed step-by-step guides on how to update Samsung Galaxy S2 to XXMS7 Android Jelly Bean. If you are. I upgraded my galaxy s2 to jellybean and it works great the only problem I had was my picture mail wouldn't work so I had to get my msl. 12 Parts: Before Updating to Jelly Bean, Make Sure: Rooting Your Samsung Galaxy S2 Files You Will Need To Root Your Device Important: Enable USB Before Updating to Jelly - Steps to Update your - Jelly Bean.
12 Oct - 8 min - Uploaded by androidadn Hello guys! follow this simple tutorial tu update your Samsung Galaxy S2 to the latest Android. When we saw the T-Mobile Galaxy S II get it's Jelly Bean update, we knew the Skyrocket couldn't be far behind. They're essentially the exact. Samsung has yet again released a new firmware update for Galaxy S2 I; Android Jelly Bean Official Firmware for users. The Indian Samsung Galaxy S2 (model number GT-I) is being officially upgraded to Android Jelly Bean as we speak.


text:
Kirkor Bezdikyan, also known as Krikor Agha Bzdikian or Kirkor Bezdikian, was the second mayor of Adana, Cilicia who was in office from 1877 to 1879, during the Ottoman Empire.

Life
He was credit for starting the first modern municipal governance at the time city was flourishing with the cotton trade, hence many Ottoman and European businesses and officials were moving to the city. Before being a mayor, he was elected to the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies at the first democratic election held on 18 March 1877. He was one of the three deputies of Adana Vilayet, and the only one to represent the non-muslims of the province. Short-lived first parliament was dissolved on 28 June 1877 and the non-muslim representation for the province was abolished for the second election.

During Bezdikian's mayoralty in Adana, the roads were widened and paved with cobblestone, drainage canals and trenches were opened, more importantly the first municipal regulations were put in effect. He designed and constructed the first clock tower of the city, Büyük Saat. Bezdikyan, successor Sinyor Artin and Mangoyan were the three ethnic Armenian mayors of Adana in the late 19th century.

Kirkor was the member of the wealthy Bezdikyan family, who had a 100-hectare farm in İncirlik. He had one house in Hıdır İlyas, one house in Sarı Yakub, one house and two shops in Faki Durmuş neighborhoods in the city. Law of Abandoned Properties that enacted by the Turkish government on 15 April 1923,   confiscated all his family property and distributed them to the immigrants and exchanged populations that arrived from Balkans and Crete.

References

People from Adana
Mayors of Adana
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Armenian architects
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


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text:
Israel charges 2 Jewish extremists in arson
JOSEF FEDERMAN
JERUSALEM - Israel on Sunday charged two Jewish extremists in an arson attack that killed a Palestinian toddler and his parents last July - culminating a drawn-out investigation into a case that has helped fuel months of Israeli-Palestinian violence.
The indictments came as Israel said it had broken up a ring of Jewish extremists wanted in a series of attacks on Palestinian and Christian targets. While Israel's prime minister trumpeted the arrests as a victory for law and order, the charges drew criticism from Palestinians, who said they were too little and too late, and from the suspects' relatives, who claimed their loved ones had been tortured by Israeli interrogators.
While Israel has been dealing with a wave of vigilante-style attacks by suspected Jewish extremists in recent years, the deadly July 31 firebombing in the West Bank village of Duma sparked soul-searching across the nation. The attack killed 18-month-old Ali Dawabsheh, while his mother, Riham, and father, Saad, later died from their wounds. Ali's 4-year-old brother Ahmad survived and remains in an Israeli hospital.
The attack was condemned across the Israeli political spectrum, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu pledged "zero tolerance" in the fight to bring the assailants to justice. Investigators placed several suspects under "administrative detention," a draconian measure typically reserved for Palestinian militants that allows authorities to hold suspects for months without charge.
"Enforcing the law is the life's breath of democracy, of the rule of law. We are not restricting it to one sector, and we are not focusing on only one sector," Netanyahu told his Cabinet on Sunday.
But critics have noted that lesser nondeadly attacks, such as firebombings that damaged mosques and churches, had gone unpunished for years.
And as the investigation into the Duma attack dragged on, Palestinians complained of a double-standard, where suspected Palestinian militants are quickly rounded up and prosecuted under a military legal system that gives them few rights while Jewish Israelis are protected by the country's criminal laws.
At one point, Defense Minister Moshe Yaalon said there were difficulties in prosecuting because of lack of evidence.
When a wave of Palestinian attacks erupted last fall, many Palestinians pointed to the unsolved Duma attack as one of the main sources of frustration motivating attackers.
In Sunday's indictment, Amiram Ben-Uliel, a 21-year-old West Bank settler, was charged with murder. The Shin Bet internal security service said Ben-Uliel had confessed to planning and carrying out the attack, and said a minor was charged as an accessory. It said the arson was in retaliation for the killing of an Israeli by Palestinians a month earlier.
Yinon Reuveni, 20, and another minor were charged for other violence against Palestinians, including setting fires to two of the Holy Land's most famous churches - the Dormition Abbey, a Benedictine monastery located just outside Jerusalem's Old City, and the Church of the Multiplication of the Loaves and Fish on the shores of the Sea of Galilee. All four were charged with belonging to a terrorist organization. Another 23 were implicated in attacks, it said.
In a statement, the Shin Bet said it had thwarted a "Jewish terror organization" that dreamed of overthrowing the government and establishing a religious theocracy that would be headed by a king, rebuild the biblical Jewish Temple and expel non-Jews.
It quoted what it said was a document confiscated from an activist that said killing non-Jews who refuse to leave the land, including women and children, is permissible. "If you want to strike a blow to the damned," it said, setting a house on fire "on top of those inside" is an effective tactic.
The statement was not clear whether the other suspects had yet been officially charged. One of the men named in the statement, Meir Ettinger, a grandson of the late ultranationalist Rabbi Meir Kahane, has been held in administrative detention since August.
Members of the Dawabshe family praised the indictments but said Israel must do more.
"You say that this a democratic state and I want justice. Catch the rest of them," said Hussein Dawabshe, the toddler's grandfather. "It is very good that they caught (the two). It's a lead. They now need to follow the lead all the way through."
Relatives of the suspects, meanwhile, accused the Shin Bet of torture. "The confession ... was extracted with force and beatings using methods that remind of the inquisition," said Itamar Ben-Gvir, a lawyer representing the two arson suspects.
The Shin Bet has said that its tactics are all within the scope of the law, and the nation's leaders have backed the agency against the charges.
The extremists are part of a movement known as the "hilltop youth," a leaderless group of young people who set up unauthorized outposts, usually clusters of trailers, on West Bank hilltops - land the Palestinians claim for their hoped-for state.
Dvir Kariv, a recently retired Shin Bet official who tracked Jewish extremists for over two decades, described the hilltop youths as a small but extremely dangerous group because of their anti-democratic views. "They group believes that through violence they will succeed in turning this country into a theocracy," he said.
He said these activists reject even the country's most hard-line politicians as being too soft, and that even the most radical West Bank rabbis wield no control over them. He estimated the "violent hardcore" at about 100 activists, and a "second circle" of a few hundred others.
He said prosecuting the Duma activists would send a powerful message and weaken the extremists. "It definitely has an important influence," he said.
Last month Israeli police made arrests after a video emerged of extremists at a wedding at which guests can be seen celebrating the Duma attack.
The Yesha council, an umbrella group of West Bank settlements, commended Sunday's indictment and said the suspects do not represent it.
"It is now clear that these acts were perpetrated by a fringe group of anarchists bent on destroying the state of Israel and the freedom and justice that it represents," it said in a statement.
In the past three months of violence, Palestinian attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers have killed 21 Israelis, mostly in stabbings, shootings and car-ramming attacks. That figure does not include two Israelis killed Friday, in a shooting attack on a Tel Aviv restaurant. An Arab man who remains on the loose is the primary suspect, though a motive hasn't officially been determined yet.
During that time, at least 131 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli fire, 90 of them identified by Israel as assailants. The rest died in clashes with security forces.
Israel says the violence is being fanned by a Palestinian campaign of incitement. The Palestinians say it is rooted in frustrations stemming from nearly five decades of Israeli occupation.
The violence continued Sunday as a female Israeli soldier was shot in the West Bank city of Hebron, the military said. She was moderately wounded and troops were searching for the shooter. A few hours later, also in Hebron, the military said another soldier was shot and wounded.


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v1.0 - May 01 2013 - Public Release.
v1.1 - May 10 2013 - Added additional info for ZBrush's DPSubPix setting.
v1.2 - July 26 2013 - Fixed a typo in Mudbox's Normalize To Search Distance setting ('Checked' meant to be 'Unchecked').
v1.3 - January 30 2014 - Updated procedure for ZBrush, and added procedure for V-Ray for C4D.
v1.4 - April 20 2015 - Updated procedures to disable displacement map filtering and utilize the VRayHDRI loader for 3ds Max.
This tutorial attempts to cover and clarify the process of generating and applying accurate displacement maps from either ZBrush or Mudbox, to V-Ray for Maya, V-Ray for 3ds Max, V-Ray for Cinema 4D, or Arnold for Maya (MtoA).
There's often a lot of confusion and misinformation surrounding displacement maps and how they're supposed to work. You'll sometimes see artists load a displacement map onto their low resolution geometry and play with intensity and depth values until it looks somewhat similar to their high resolution geometry and assume that's it's as close as they can get. But with a correct workflow you don't have to fiddle with settings or settle for 'close enough' - it'll just work correctly from the start to match your high resolution geometry as accurately as possible.
We'll first cover some of the underlying concepts behind how a floating-point displacement map works and how to recognize if you're getting correct results. Then we'll cover some of the common pitfalls that artists frequently encounter and how to avoid them. And finally I'll provide the step-by-step procedures to make displacement mapping work accurately in your software of choice.
If you already know the underlying concepts and just want the technical step-by-step procedures, click here to skip right to it.
Displacement mapping is a method of taking high resolution geometry information and baking it to an image map that can be applied to low resolution geometry. This map then gets used by your renderer to replicate the high resolution geometry detail as accurately as possible. A properly generated floating-point displacement map will make your low res geometry match your high res geometry very accurately - right from the start.
This is because a correctly generated floating-point displacement map works in a very logical way: The displacement map's pixel values correspond directly to your 3D package's scene units. So a pixel value of 1.0 will displace your mesh by 1.0 scene units. A pixel value of 0.5 displaces your mesh by 0.5 scene units. And a pixel value of 0.0 doesn't displace your mesh at all. All very logical. And because the displacement map's pixel values are stored in floating-point format, they can contain pixel values far above 1.0, and negative pixel values far below 0.0. It's a great way to store precise displacement information.
3 planes on different locations along the up/down axis, each made of just one polygon, and each with a default planar UV map.
The top plane is at 35.0 units on the up/down axis.
The middle plane is at 0.0 units on the up/down axis.
The bottom plane is at -20.0 units on the up/down axis.
Three identical planes located at different spots on the up/down axis.
Download this test setup in multiple formats if you want to try it yourself.
We'll import the scene into a program like ZBrush or Mudbox, subdivide the middle plane a few times, and do some simple sculpting on it. First we'll pull a point in the center up just enough so it touches the plane above it, and then pull two points down on the sides until they just touch the plane on the bottom. We'll also write something across the surface for some additional detail.
The middle plane with sculpting applied to reach the top and bottom planes.
Once we're done, we can go ahead and generate the displacement map for the middle plane (using the procedure listed below). We can now open and inspect the map in a program like Nuke - which works natively with floating-point images.
In the Nuke viewer we can test our generated displacement map. When we hover our cursor over the center point of the image - which corresponds to where we pulled up the mesh to touch the top plane - Nuke shows us a pixel value of roughly 35.0, which if you'll recall is exactly where we placed the top plane along the up/down axis. Also when we hover over the general location corresponding to either of the two points we pulled down, we see pixel values of roughly -20.0, also exactly where we placed the bottom plane along the up/down axis.
Hovering over points of the displacement map in the Nuke viewer shows their pixel values. Here the image is red because displacement only needs one channel to store its info - so it's stored in the Red channel. Also the negative pixel values are not directly visible because they are below 0.0 - the black point of our monitors.
While we might not be able to directly SEE much in the displacement map from a raw visual standpoint, the data it contains is certainly there... and that's really all a displacement map is - an image being used to store displacement data.
So we can assume that this is a correctly generated displacement map since we know ahead of time how high and low we placed the upper and lower planes along the up/down axis. And sure enough when we apply the displacement map to the middle plane in our 3D software (using the procedure listed below) and hit render, we get the exact same result we had in our sculpting program - the center point just touches the top plane 35.0 units above it, the two points on the side just touch the bottom plane -20.0 units below it, and the rest of the details displace correctly. No 'displacement amount', 'shift', or 'middle point' settings had to be fiddled with - it correctly and accurately displaces the mesh right from the start.
The displacement map applied to the middle plane and rendered - exactly matching what we had in our sculpting program.
Even though this example uses fairly extreme values (35.0 units up and -20 units down) the results are still accurate. In another example we apply displacement to a more complex object with multiple UV seams and still get correct results - even across the seams. The boxes on the side of the sphere are 5 units wide on all sides, and serve as a visual indicator to confirm correct displacement amounts.
Displacement mapping applied to a more complex object, with displacement occurring over multiple UV seams with no issues.
And finally, below is a example of floating-point displacement mapping in a real world production setting. The detailing you see on the right comes purely from displacement mapping - there are no normal or bump maps involved - and it matches the high resolution geometry of the original sculpt precisely.
On the right: The basemesh with displacement mapping applied.
Displacement mapping generally requires a good UV layout of your object. There can be no overlapping UVs as it will cause errors in the generated maps. Also, ZBrush in particular does not like UVs to rest directly on the edges of the UV sheet (as some automatic UV generation methods will do) - so make sure your UVs are always placed slightly within the edges of the UV sheet.
Remember that while sculpting at higher subdivision levels, the positions of lower subdivision vertices are often also being affected. So the low res mesh you imported into your sculpting program may no longer be exactly the same as the low res mesh you're using to generate your displacement map. Always double check to make sure the low res mesh you generated your displacement map from is the same as the mesh you're applying your displacement map to.
Since the pixel values of a floating-point displacement map correspond directly to scene units, your object's scale becomes an important factor for guaranteeing accurate displacement amounts. If you scale your low-res mesh up or down after you've already generated your displacement map, your displacement map will no longer have accurate intensity values relative to the new scale of the basemesh. The map will either have to be regenerated with the new object scale, or compensated for by the 'Displacement Amount' setting in V-Ray, or displacement 'Height' setting in Arnold. For example: if you scaled your object up x2, then you'll have to increase the displacement amount setting x2 to compensate.
The procedures listed below cover generating 32bit floating-point displacement maps, but if you're in a production setting that's especially concerned about saving harddrive space, you can also use 16bit floating-point (half-float) and still get practically identical results. However it's important to be sure you use a 16bit floating-point format to store your image, and NOT a 16bit integer format. An integer format will not work correctly in this workflow, and you'll have to do the whole 'displacement amount' and 'shift' song and dance to make them work. This is because integer formats do not support negative pixel values, which are used by floating-point displacement maps to represent carved-in areas. If you're not sure how to get one or the other, stick to the procedures listed below to get 32bit floating-point displacement maps.
In an ideal world, floating-point displacement mapping always produces exact, accurate results with absolutely no differences from the original high resolution mesh. Unfortunately 3D software is hardly ideal - and each software package tends to have it's own methods to accomplish similar tasks. Where this can sometimes cause subtle shifts in precision for displacement is the topic of smoothing algorithms. Some software packages use an algorithm like Catmull-Clark to smooth their meshes, and other packages use their own entirely different method. Until the day comes that all software packages can agree to use the same algorithms (like Pixar's OpenSubdiv initiative - email your software companies encouraging them to implement it!) there can be slight changes between your high res mesh to your displaced low res mesh. The good news is these shifts are often subtle and become much less of an issue if your basemesh isn't VERY low polygon. Basically, don't expect displacement to be a magic bullet. If you're trying to turn a simple polygon cube into an apple through displacement mapping only, don't be surprised if you run into issues. Give your low polygon object proper form and polygon resolution, and let displacement carry the details.
So now we know how floating-point displacement maps work and what to expect from them. It's just a matter of pushing the right buttons to correctly generate and apply them in our 3D packages. Below I've laid out step-by-step procedures of how to generate floating-point displacement maps from the major sculpting package of your choice - and apply them in the renderer of your choice.
Each of the settings in the following workflows are the result of careful testing. If you're curious about any of the settings, just click the "(?)" next to a step to view a popup explaining what the setting does and why it's set as it is.
Open or Import your high-res mesh with multiple subdivision levels.
If you imported your high res mesh from another program - rebuild the lower subdivisions by going to the Tool palette, expanding the Geometry subpalette, and clicking the 'Reconstruct Subdiv' button until at the lowest desired level.
In the ZPlugin palette, expand the Multi Map Exporter subpalette, and make sure the Displacement button is highlighted.
Setting this to ON compensates for the way ZBrush handles UV maps internally - which is flipped along the vertical axis compared to programs like Maya and Max.
Click the 'Export Options' button to reveal additional map options.
Set the 'SubDiv Level' slider to the subdiv level you want your low resolution basemesh to be.
Setting this to ON is supposed to produce a higher-quality displacement map.
But through experimentation I have found it to be unreliable and generally unnecessary at larger resolutions.
At times it can even result in a displacement map that is completely useless - So I recommend leaving it OFF.
This setting determines the accuracy of the displacement map created for the object.
Higher values cause a higher-quality displacement map to be generated, but will take longer to generate.
If your high resolution mesh is very high poly (16mil or larger), or your displacement map size low (2048 or lower), then you can get away with setting this to a lower value like 2.
Setting this to OFF disables UV Smoothing on our low res mesh.
We'll match this setting in our renderer to ensure an accurate mapping of displacement details.
Setting this to 0 makes the displacement map pixel value of 0.0 act as the mid point where no displacement is being applied - which is what we want for an accurate floating-point displacement map.
Setting this to OFF stores our displacement information using only the RED channel of our generated displacement map.
32bit Displacement only needs one channel to store its info, so this setting will slightly reduce file sizes without losing any info.
Setting this to ON enables the export of a 32bit floating-point displacement map.
This setting determines the scale of the generated displacement map's pixel values.
Since we want an exact 1:1 match, we'll leave this at a default value of 1.
Here is a screengrab of the above settings to verify.
Click the 'Save' button to run the displacement map generation.
Your displacement map is now ready for use!
In versions prior to ZBrush 4R6, the Multimap Exporter Plugin only allowed for export in 32bit TIFF format - which Maya and 3ds Max can have issues with. So if you use the Multimap Exporter plugin in versions prior to 4R6, you'll probably have to convert your generated 32bit TIFF to EXR in Nuke or Photoshop before using them in Maya or 3ds Max. If converting to EXR in Photoshop, be sure the image mode (Image menu -> Mode) is set to RGB Color and NOT Grayscale, as this can also cause problems.
In the Tool palette, expand the Geometry subpalette, and set your current 'SDiv' value to the subdiv level you want your low resolution basemesh to be.
In the Tool palette, expand the Displacement subpalette, and click the large empty box in the upper right and select any alpha image from the popup menu.
Now that an image is loaded into the box, the 'Mid' value below and to the right should no longer be greyed out, so set it to a value of '0'.
Click the same large box with the alpha image in it now, and select 'Alpha Off' from the upper left to clear the box once again.
Click the 'Create And Export Map' button, choose a filename and directory to save your map to, and select 'OpenEXR 32bit' as the file type.
Go to 'UVs & Maps -> Extract Texture Maps -> New Operation' from the menu bar.
Check 'Displacement Map' from the 'Maps To Generate' list.
In the Target Models box: select your mesh at the lowest desired subdivision level for your basemesh - usually level 0.
Setting this to CHECKED will generate the displacement map from the low res mesh after it has been turned into a subdivision surface.
This is also how we will setup our corresponding renderer to treat the low res mesh at render time.
Setting this to UNCHECKED disables UV Smoothing on our low res mesh.
Set 'Use Creases & Hard Edges' to CHECKED.
In the Source Models box: select your mesh at the highest subdivision level.
Setting this to CHECKED will apply a polygon face smoothing to the highest level mesh, which will smooth any polygon edges still visible in the high res mesh.
This value becomes less important the higher polycount your highest subdivision level is, and can optionally be left UNCHECKED at very high polygon levels.
Setting Method to Ray Casting will generally provide the highest quality displacement map.
But if you run into issues with intersecting or thin geometry, you can also try the 'Subdivision' method.
Set Choose Samples to 'Closest To LowRes Mesh'.
Set 'Test Both Sides' to CHECKED.
The search distance specifies how far rays get casted from the low resolution mesh's surface to search for the high resolution mesh's surface.
The Best Guess button usually does a good enough job coming up with a value for this, but sometimes in cases of extreme displacement it can fall short.
If you know your object has extreme displacement amounts, it may be better to manually set this to a higher value to ensure no clipping occurs in your displacement map.
Select 'Generate one map for all targets' from the dropdown.
Image size: Choose the image resolution that best suits your needs (Recommended 2048 or higher).
Setting this to UNCHECKED makes sure no pixels in your displacement map get affected by antialiasing - which would distort their height values.
Setting this to UNCHECKED disables any premature clamping of your displacement map pixel values according to the Search Distance value.
Set 'Map Type' to 'Texture'.
Click the 'Base Filename' options box (...), choose a filename and directory to save your map to, and select 'OpenEXR 32bit Floating-Point' as the file type.
Set 'Preview As Bump Map' to UNCHECKED.
Click the 'Extract' button to run the displacement map generation.
Import your low-res mesh (Double check that your low-res mesh is the exact same mesh you generated your displacement map from).
Select your mesh, open the attribute editor, and have your object's Shape node tab selected. Then in the attribute editor's menu click 'Attributes -> V-Ray' and check 'Subdivision', 'Subdivision and Displacement Quality' and 'Displacement Control' to add those extra attributes to your mesh's Shape node.
Scroll to the bottom of the attribute editor and expand the 'Extra V-Ray Attributes' rollout.
Setting this to CHECKED will turn our low res mesh into a smooth subdivision surface before applying the displacement map.
This matches the way ZBrush and Mudbox were setup to generate the displacement map.
Set 'Edge Length' to a value of 4.0 to begin with, and lower as needed for better displacement quality (at the expense of higher render times).
While Normal Displacement is generally the best all-around setting for displacement mapping type, you may be able to get even higher quality results with 2D Mapping.
As long as your UVs are good, you can experiment with both displacement types to see which gives the best results.
Setting this to CHECKED will have V-Ray keep displaced face edges connected without splits.
Uncheck 'Filter Texture' to disable filtering of your displacement map and preserve the high frequency details of your sculpt.
Leave all other settings at their defaults. Here is a screengrab of the above settings to verify.
Open Hypershade, create a VRayMtl and assign it to your mesh.
In the Shading Groups tab in Hypershade, select your newly created VRayMtlSG and hold right click to select 'Graph Network' to see your object and VRayMtl nodes in the work area of the Hypergraph.
Add a 'Displacement' node to the work area from maya's list of hypershade nodes on the left, then middle-click-drag from the Displacement node to the VRayMtlSG node and then select 'Default'.
We have both ZBrush and Mudbox set to store the generated displacement map's information to the RED channel only.
Which would result in a displacement intensity 1/3 what it should be (since the other channels are just black).
Select the 'File' node in hypergraph, open the attribute editor, and load in your previously generated displacement map in the 'Image Name' box.
In the attribute editor's menu click 'Attributes -> V-Ray' and check 'Texture Input Gamma' and 'Allow Negative Colors' to add those extra attributes to your File node.
Scroll to the bottom of the attribute editor, open the 'V-Ray Extra Attributes' rollout, and change color space to 'Linear' and check 'Allow Negative Colors'.
Open the Maya Render Settings window, go to the 'V-Ray' tab, and open the 'Global Options' rollout. Make sure that the checkbox next to 'Displacement' is checked.
You're all setup! Render to verify.
Select your mesh, then in the Modify tab add a 'Unwrap UVW' modifer to your object.
Under the Edit UVs rollout click the 'Open UV Editor...' button.
This is a hack to prevent 3ds Max from smoothing your UVs since it does not have this functionality built in.
Meshsmooth's 'Old Style Mapping' is similar but still distorts your UVs unpredictably.
Add a 'Turbosmooth' modifier to your object above the Unwrap UVW modifier.
Set Iterations to 0 (or whatever smoothness you'd like to see in the viewport).
Setting this to a value of 3 ensures your mesh behaves as closely to a subdivision surface as possible, and thereby prevents edge artifacts.
If your low res mesh has a fairly high poly count then you may be able to get away with setting this to a value of 2.
Add a 'VRayDisplacementMod' modifier to your object.
While 3D Mapping is generally the best all-around setting for displacement mapping type, you may be able to get even higher quality results with 2D Mapping.
Click the 'None' button, and choose 'VRayHDRI' from the Material/Map Browser popup.
Open the material editor and drag the VRayHDRI button to an empty material editor slot or your graphite material node graph and choose 'Instance' as the method.
In the VRayHDRI's properties, select the '...' button next to the bitmap box to locate and load in your previously generated displacement map into the bitmap box.
In the Color Space group, make sure type is set to 'None' to tell V-Ray our generated displacement map is a linear image.
Leave all other settings to their defaults. You can close or minimize the material editor.
Back in the VRayDisplacementMod modifier, Uncheck 'Filter Texmap' to disable filtering of your displacement map and preserve the high frequency details of your sculpt.
This value sets the boundary of displacement, so the idea is to set it large enough that it contains all your displaced detail without any clipping.
Setting these values unnecessarily high can slow down the renderer.
Open the 3ds Max Render Setup window, go to the 'V-Ray' tab, and open the 'Global Switches' rollout. Make sure that the checkbox next to 'Displacement' is checked.
Create a 'vrayAdvancedMaterial' from the Create -> Shader -> VrayBridge menu in the material manager. Drag it onto the model in the object manager.
Next, create a 'vrayDisplaceMaterial' from that same menu. Drag this also onto the model in the object manager so you should now have two materials side by side with the displacement on the right of the advanced material.
Open the vrayDisplaceMaterial. In the texture slot, click the arrow and add a VrayBridge -> vrayShader.
Click on the shader and in the drop down set it to 'vrayBitmap'. Set the colorspace to linear and load in your generated displacement map. Finally check the box for 'Allow Negative Colors'.
Back in the main options for the vrayDisplaceMaterial, check the boxes for 'Tight Bounds' and 'Use As Subdivision Surface'.
Also make sure that Displacement type is set to '3D Mapping', and 'Keep Continuity' is checked.
At this point we also want to make sure that the 'Amount' value is set to '3.0' instead of '1.0'. This is a hack that's needed specifically for Cinema 4D since it expects displacement information in the GREEN and BLUE channels of our EXR. When it finds nothing in those channels (since we saved our displacement information in the RED channel only), it averages the information in the RED channel with the empty GREEN and BLUE channels - resulting in displacement 1/3 as strong as it should be. So setting the 'Amount' setting here to 3.0 instead of 1.0 compensates for this to give us the correct displacement amount to match our original high-res mesh.
In Render Settings -> VrayBridge -> Displacement, start with the default edge length set to '4.0' to begin with, and lower as needed for better displacement quality (at the expense of higher render times).
Make sure Displacement is checked on in the options tab of the vray render settings.
C4D procedure generously provided by Rich Nosworthy.
He's also put together a Video Tutorial of the above procedure if anything is still unclear.
Select your mesh, open the attribute editor, and expand the 'Arnold' rollout and the contained 'Subdivision' and 'Displacement Attributes' rollouts.
Setting this to CATCLARK will turn our low res mesh into a smooth subdivision surface before applying the displacement map.
Under the Subdivision rollout, set 'Iterations' to a value like 5 to begin with, and raise as needed for better displacement quality (At the expense of higher render times).
Setting this to LINEAR disables UV Smoothing on our low res mesh.
Open Hypershade and assign a aiStandard material to your object.
Click the shading groups tab in Hypershade, then select your newly created aiStandardSG and hold right click to select 'Graph Network' so you see your object and aiStandard nodes in the work area of the Hypergraph.
Add a 'Displacement' node to the work area from maya's list of hypershade nodes on the left, then middle-click-drag from the Displacement node to the aiStandardSG node and then select 'Default'.
Select the 'File' node in hypergraph, go to the attribute editor, and load in your previously generated displacement map in the 'Image Name' box.
Open the Maya Render Settings window, go to the 'Override' tab, and make sure that the checkbox next to 'Ignore Displacement' is unchecked.
Hopefully that helps clear up the often confusing topic of Displacement Mapping for you. It's an incredibly important tool to help keep your high resolution assets lean and production friendly.
Rich Nosworth for generously providing the procedure for VRay for C4D.
Scott Denton for helping to test the above procedures.
Have you found this tutorial helpful?
If so, consider chipping in whatever you feel it's worth so I can dedicate more time to creating free high quality content to share with the CG community.


text:
Boost the Annual NFL Bankroll By Betting On Pair of Dark Horse Picks
Written by Eric Williams on January 13, 2016
If you love making wagers where the favorite looks like a virtual lock to bring home the bacon, even if they are offering a lower return than their underdog counterparts and you're ready to cash in on this weekend's NFL divisional round matchups, then you're going to enjoy this look at my top two favorites to win and cash in! If you wish to check our NFL betting lines, click here.Okay, with that said, let's get started.
"I want to be out there." 7⃣ | https://t.co/YsosAAXyOI pic.twitter.com/1ZL25AdXoz
— Pittsburgh Steelers (@steelers) January 13, 2016
Betting on Green Bay +7 vs. Arizona
When: 8:15 PM ET, Saturday, January 16, 2016Where: University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, ArizonaWhile I genuinely believe that Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers is the best in the business today, I'm having a hard time envisioning the Green Bay Packers pulling off the upset over the Arizona Cardinals when the two Super Bowl hopefuls square off on Saturday.Green Bay finished the regular season ranked 15th in scoring (23.0 ppg), but the Pack had a tough time passing the rock with Rodgers and company finishing a surprising 25th in passing (218.9 ypg), mostly because of the season-stealing injury to No.1 wideout Jordy Nelson.Green Bay did finish the regular season ranked a solid 12th in points allowed (20.2 ppg), but they're going to have their hands full in trying to stop an Arizona Cardinals offense that ranked first in all four major offensive statistical categories, including scoring (30.6 ppg, second).Not only will the Packers defense have its hands full in trying to stop Carson Palmer, Larry Fitzgerald and the rest of Arizona's underrated skill position players, but they're also going to have to overcome a Cardinals defense that ranked fifth overall and seventh in points allowed (19.6 ppg).Green Bay has gone 5-1 ATS in their last six road playoff games and 8-3 ATS in their last 11 playoff games, but the Cardinals are 5-2 ATS in their L/7 playoff games and 21-9 ATS in their last 30 games against their NFC counterparts.60 percent of the betting public likes the Packers to cover, but I don't!Lest anyone forget, Arizona beat the shiznit out of Green Bay in its overwhelming 38-8 rout in Week 16.
Aaron Rodgers is one of the most talented players in the NFL today.
Betting on Pittsburgh +6.5 vs. Denver
When: 4:40 PM ET, Sunday, January 17, 2016Where: Sports Authority Field at Mile High, Denver, ColoradoPittsburgh got past a completely dysfunctional Cincinnati Bengals team in their strange (more like, sad) wild card matchup lat weekend but they're facing a more complete – and sane – Denver Broncos team on Sunday!Pittsburgh quarterback Ben Roethlisberger is still banged-up with a shoulder injury he suffered against Cincinnati last weekend while 'all-world' wide receiver Antonio Brown could potentially miss this game altogether following Vontaze Burfict's cheap-shot heard 'round the world.Pittsburgh has an explosive offense that ranked third in total offense and fourth in scoring (26.4 ppg) while the Steelers' also finished an impressive 11th in points allowed (19.9 ppg) despite a notoriously slow start on that side of the ball early this season.Denver is well-rested after getting a bye last weekend and they're playing at home.Future Hall of Fame signal-caller Peyton Manning should be fired up to lead his team to victory and the Broncos have a vicious defense that finished first against the pass, third against the run and fourth in points allowed (18.5 ppg).The Steelers are 4-1 ATS in their last five divisional playoffs games, but they're also 0-3-1 ATS in their last four road playoff games and 0-3-1 ATS in their last four playoff games overall.51 percent of the betting public likes Pittsburgh to cover… but I'm not among them!


Quantitative measurements of cerebrospinal fluid flow through the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt using radioisotope were carried out on 34 hydrocephalic patients (18 children and 16 adults) and the relationship between the flow rates and the computed tomographic (CT) scan images was studied. 1) The flow rates in the prone position was 0.04–0.20 (mean+S.D., 0.10+0.05) ml/min in 13 patients whose shunt systems were functioning adequately. There was a good correlation between the flow rates and closing pressures of the shunt valves. 2) The 21 patients with malfunctioning shunt systems were devided into two groups as follows; the obstruction or lower flow group in which shunt flow was in 0–0.05 ml/min and the overflow group with rate over 0.20 ml/min. In the former group, there were 3 cases in which the shunt flow in a sitting position was very low and the cause of the malfunction was thought to be placement of an inadequate system with a higher pressure valve. 3) In 4 cases of 5 children in which the ventricles were of normal size during shunt malfunction, their ventricular sizes on CT images changed to small or slit-like ventricles after shunt revision. 4) A few cases of hydrocephalic adults, in which the shunt-catheters were thought to be obstructed with no shunt flow in the prone and sitting positions showing no progressive dilatations of the ventricles on CT images, were diagnosed with the added findings of RI cisternography as shunt-independent arrested hydrocephalus. In the diagnosis of shunt malfunction and selection of the most adequate system in shunt revision, it is necessary to analyze together the data on CT images, quantitative measurement of shunt flow rates and RI cisternography as well as the clinical manifestations.


text:
/*
Test the vtgate's ability to route while watching a subset of keyspaces.
*/

package keyspacewatches

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"testing"
	"time"

	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"

	"vitess.io/vitess/go/mysql"
	"vitess.io/vitess/go/test/endtoend/cluster"
)

var (
	vtParams              mysql.ConnParams
	keyspaceUnshardedName = "ks1"
	cell                  = "zone1"
	hostname              = "localhost"
	mysqlAuthServerStatic = "mysql_auth_server_static.json"
	sqlSchema             = `
	create table keyspaces_to_watch_test(
		id BIGINT NOT NULL,
		msg VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
		PRIMARY KEY (id)
	) Engine=InnoDB;`
)

// createConfig creates a config file in TmpDir in vtdataroot and writes the given data.
func createConfig(clusterInstance *cluster.LocalProcessCluster, name, data string) error {
	// creating new file
	f, err := os.Create(clusterInstance.TmpDirectory + "/" + name)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if data == "" {
		return nil
	}

	// write the given data
	_, err = fmt.Fprint(f, data)
	return err
}

func createCluster() (*cluster.LocalProcessCluster, int) {
	clusterInstance := cluster.NewCluster(cell, hostname)

	// Start topo server
	if err := clusterInstance.StartTopo(); err != nil {
		return nil, 1
	}

	// create auth server config
	SQLConfig := `{
		"testuser1": {
			"Password": "testpassword1",
			"UserData": "vtgate client 1"
		}
	}`
	if err := createConfig(clusterInstance, mysqlAuthServerStatic, SQLConfig); err != nil {
		return nil, 1
	}

	// Start keyspace
	keyspace := &cluster.Keyspace{
		Name:      keyspaceUnshardedName,
		SchemaSQL: sqlSchema,
	}
	if err := clusterInstance.StartUnshardedKeyspace(*keyspace, 1, false); err != nil {
		return nil, 1
	}

	clusterInstance.VtGateExtraArgs = []string{
		"-mysql_auth_server_static_file", clusterInstance.TmpDirectory + "/" + mysqlAuthServerStatic,
		"-keyspaces_to_watch", "ks1",
	}

	// Start vtgate
	if err := clusterInstance.StartVtgate(); err != nil {
		return nil, 1
	}
	vtParams = mysql.ConnParams{
		Host: clusterInstance.Hostname,
		Port: clusterInstance.VtgateMySQLPort,
	}
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	return clusterInstance, 0
}

func TestRoutingWithKeyspacesToWatch(t *testing.T) {
	defer cluster.PanicHandler(t)

	clusterInstance, exitCode := createCluster()
	defer clusterInstance.Teardown()

	if exitCode != 0 {
		os.Exit(exitCode)
	}

	dsn := fmt.Sprintf(
		"testuser1:testpassword1@tcp(%s:%v)/",
		clusterInstance.Hostname,
		clusterInstance.VtgateMySQLPort,
	)
	db, err := sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
	require.Nil(t, err)
	defer db.Close()

	// if this returns w/o failing the test we're good to go
	_, err = db.Exec("select * from keyspaces_to_watch_test")
	require.Nil(t, err)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package br.ufsc.lehmann.geocode.reverse;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import br.ufsc.db.source.DataRetriever;
import br.ufsc.db.source.DataSource;
import br.ufsc.db.source.DataSourceType;

public class VehicleFillDupesReverseGeocoding {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
		DataSource source = new DataSource("postgres", "postgres", "localhost", 5432, "postgis", DataSourceType.PGSQL, "stops_moves.patel_vehicle_stop", null,
				null);
		DataRetriever retriever = source.getRetriever();
		System.out.println("Executing SQL...");
		Connection conn = retriever.getConnection();
		conn.setAutoCommit(false);
		Statement st = conn.createStatement();
		st.setFetchSize(1000);

		ResultSet stopsData = st.executeQuery("SELECT to_fill.stop_id, trim(filled.street) " //
				+ "FROM stops_moves.patel_vehicle_stop to_fill inner join "//
				+ "stops_moves.patel_vehicle_stop filled on ST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(to_fill.centroid_lon,to_fill.centroid_lat), 2100), 3857), "//
				+ "ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(filled.centroid_lon,filled.centroid_lat), 2100), 3857), 5) "//
				+ "where to_fill.stop_id <> filled.stop_id "
				+ "and to_fill.street is null "
				+ "and filled.street is not null ");
		Map<Integer, String> toFill = new HashMap<>();
		System.out.println("Fetching...");
		while(stopsData.next()) {
			toFill.put(stopsData.getInt(1), stopsData.getString(2));
		}
		System.out.printf("To update %d registers", toFill.size());
		stopsData.close();
		st.close();
		int registers = 0;
		conn.setAutoCommit(false);
		PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("update stops_moves.patel_vehicle_stop set street = ? where stop_id = ?");
		for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : toFill.entrySet()) {
			ps.setString(1, entry.getValue());
			ps.setInt(2, entry.getKey());
			ps.addBatch();
			registers++;
			if(registers % 500 == 0) {
				ps.executeBatch();
				conn.commit();
			}
		}
		ps.executeBatch();
		conn.commit();

	}
}