text:
Why Did Rdio Music App Fail: 5 Lessons to Learn
What Happened to Rdio App: 5 Lessons to Learn from its Failure
Blog » Learn from Failures » What Happened to Rdio App: 5 Lessons to Learn from its Failure
3813 Views | 4 min | Published On: February 28, 2022 Last Updated: March 1, 2022
The competition in the mobile app development industry is fierce! With a new app releasing every single day and the market being already occupied by giants, it is hard for some to survive and win the space. Today we will talk about one such app that did not survive, the Rdio music app.
Once, it was a big name in the music streaming industry and competed directly with Music Apps like Spotify. While earlier Rdio was said to be superior to Spotify, it failed in the long run. On the other hand, Spotify is still growing with all leaps and bounds,
Now, the matter of the discussion is how did it happen? In this article, we will look at different reasons behind the same and what you can learn from its mistakes.
But, first, let's get the basics clear.
What Was Rdio: The Best Music Streaming App of the Past
Rdio was one of the first innovative music streaming services of America. The goal of its developers was to build a product that is flawless, beautiful, and social. One of the most engaging and innovative features of the app was to show users what their friends are listening to and provide recommendations based on the same – their friend's playlist.
It provided Ad-free subscription streaming service in more than 80 countries. The brand served users through a website and a mobile app for iOS, Android, BlackBerry, and Windows Phone, which used Rdio's servers to stream music or download it for offline streaming. It also provided a native desktop client app for Windows and OS X, as well as a Windows Store app.
Rdio's inventory was accessing content from the 4 main record labels and the Merlin Network and the aggregator Catapult, BFM digital, boomer tunes, CD Baby, INgrooves, and the Orchard. The brand also provided social networking features like the ability to share albums, songs, and playlists with others on social apps like Twitter and Facebook.
In the year 2015, Rdio filed for bankruptcy in which they had to pay $200 million and also announced the sale of their IP property to Pandora Radio. The price on which Pandora Radio purchased was $75 million in cash. Now, let's figure out the reasons behind its failure.
Why Did Rdio Music App Fail and the Mistakes it Made?
Rdio was an excellent product designed with perfection and minimal designs. Because it avoided flashy animations and focused on building a product that allowed users to focus on music alone, you can call it an amazing idea and service. But, then why did things go south?
The company's only weakness was not having an excellent marketing and service distribution department. Also, the fact that Rdio was the first mover in the field of music streaming did not cover them once Spotify was launched. Also, the service never focused on acquiring users ever.
On the other hand, Spotify had an impressive business model and robust marketing strategy that helped them acquire more subscribers fast. While Rdio wanted users to pay and become subscribers to access the app's services, Spotify did not have any such barrier and sustained using the Ads business model only in the starting.
Seeing its competitor, Rdio also implemented this strategy but it was a little late because the market was now in love with Spotify. The founders of the Rdio app focused on making money without building a product that is loved by customers. That was their biggest mistake.
4 Things You Should Learn From Rdio Music App Failure
Due to immense competition in the mobile app market, failing products and mobile apps are no surprise. But, if you are also trying to build a mobile app and want it to give you maximum returns, you need to learn from mistakes that others made in the app development and marketing process. Here are some things that you should learn from Rdio's failing story:
1. Use Your Resources Where Needed
Rdio was a great product and it was also loved by customers because of its minimalist and attractive designs. Moreover, it was far ahead of its competitors and also had the first-mover advantage. But, it was over-engineered.
The app was under development for two years and the polished work done on the app was clearly visible in its engaging designs. Rdio was having a calming blue and white app design and a simple grid of album artwork. However, the company over-assigned its resources towards design and development but forgot to pay attention to marketing and other aspects.
2. Marketing and Brand Awareness are Crucial
Gone are the days when people used to believe "If you build it, they will come." The competition in the industry is fierce and people are trying hard to get attention.
Rdio was launched in 2010 while Spotify made its entrance into the market in 2011. However, in 2010 as well people were talking about Spotify and a few knew that Rdio existed. The fact is that Rdio was an amazing product but with poor marketing. Its competitors took advantage of this thing and capitalized on the opportunity.
3. Deliver Value Before You Sell Your Product
One thing is simple in the mobile app development industry, your first goal should be to deliver value, and making money should always come after that. There are many examples of businesses that followed this strategy. For example, Instagram, the photo-sharing app was released in 2010 and it introduced paid advertising in 2013. For three years, the business focused on acquiring users without expecting them to pay anything.
On the other hand, Rdio charged users to join and use the app. The app did not provide any value but asked for money right away. A big mistake in the modern mobile app world.
4. (Sometimes!) It Is All About Not Making Sense
"Rdio made the mistake of trying to be sustainable too early," says an early employee of Rdio in an interview with CB insights. He said that the founders of the app made the mistake of trying to be profitable without achieving the required astronomical growth curve. That was the reason they did not offer their services for free. Moreover, most of the revenue that they were generating through subscriptions was going in the content licensing deals.
In the subscription business model, your subscribers are your revenue stream. And to lure them, it is crucial to give something for free, which is why you observe Spotify going after every individual on the planet. Another example is Netflix, a subscription-based app that was always in losses but still made it to the billion-dollar mark. Check out How Netflix Works here.
To conclude, we can say that a mix of wrong business model, priorities, and timing was what gradually caused Rdio to fail and go out of business. However, let bygones be bygones. The goal of this piece of content was not to highlight the mistakes of Rdio's founders but to help budding entrepreneurs learn from the mistakes that others made. Hope it helps!
Rate this article!
Strange!
Boring!
(1 ratings, average: 5.00 out of 5)
Nikhil Bansal is the Founder and CEO of Apptunix, a leading Software Development Company helping startups as well as brands in streamlining their business processes with intuitive and powerful mobile apps. After working in the iOS app development industry for more than 10 years, he is now well-equipped with excellent problem-solving and decision-making techniques.
Tags: Rdio music app, Rdio music app failure, Why Did Rdio Music App Failed
Create Your Own Multi Vendor Ecommerce App Like Amazon, eBay, Alibaba | Live Demo | Admin Panel
The DevOps Approach To Software Development: Essentials And Best Practices For 2022
Key Takeaways From Google Wave Failure
3298 Views | 7 min | June 27, 2022
Why Google+ Failed: 5 Lessons To Learn For Entrepr...
3922 Views | 10 min | January 25, 2022
Why Shyp App Turned Out To Be A Failure – Mi...
4164 Views | 10 min | May 16, 2021
Get Hold of Untapped
Possibilities & Digital Trends
Hit Business Models | Takeaways from Failures | Technology Trends


text:
The Internet Had a Field Day with Scarlett Johansson's Comments About Representation in Art
Between her role as a cyborg in manga adaptation Ghost in the Shell and her original plan to portray a transgender man in Rub & Tug, Scarlett Johansson isn't exactly the spokesperson for representation onscreen.
All considered, her comments in a recent interview with As If magazine about "political correctness" in art did not fly under the radar.
Johansson said, "You know, as an actor I should be allowed to play any person, or any tree, or any animal because that is my job and the requirements of my job."
When asked how she feels about the restrictions that come with fair representation, she said, "I feel like it's a trend in my business and it needs to happen for various social reasons, yet there are times it does get uncomfortable when it affects the art because I feel art should be free of restrictions."
Social media users had some ~thoughts~ about Johansson's take:
Soon after the frenzy erupted online, Johansson clarified her statements, telling Entertainment Weekly that the interview was "edited for click bait and is widely taken out of context."
"The question I was answering in my conversation with the contemporary artist, David Salle, was about the confrontation between political correctness and art," she explained. "I personally feel that, in an ideal world, any actor should be able to play anybody and Art, in all forms, should be immune to political correctness. That is the point I was making, albeit didn't come across that way. I recognize that in reality, there is a wide spread discrepancy amongst my industry that favors Caucasian, cis gendered actors and that not every actor has been given the same opportunities that I have been privileged to. I continue to support, and always have, diversity in every industry and will continue to fight for projects where everyone is included."
Woman 'dies of embarrassment' when handyman spots sex toy stuck on bathroom wall
90 Day Fiance's Evelyn Cormier, David Vazquez Zermeno Finalize Divorce
Fire Island Review: Joel Kim Boosters Lively Gay Rom-Com Puts the Pride in Pride and Prejudice
Stars Who Went to Comic-Con in Disguise
Curtis Pritchard has already signed huge big money deal to appear in panto after Love Island

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Motion M-103 began as an innocuous way of eliminating islamophobia in Canada. It was designed to end systemic racism and religious discrimination. However, this is further from the truth or its implications.
The bill suggests that Muslims are being uniquely targeted for discrimination, however, there is no strong evidence to support this theory. Research indicates that Jews are being discriminated against more than any other religious group. There have been more reported cases of violence and vandalism in Canada against those who are Jewish and the survey included Muslims. Jewish people are only a small fraction of the Canadian community when compared to Muslims.
Recent reports from Statistics Canada from 2013 (most recent report), indicate indeed that Jewish people are more likely to be targeted for hate crimes. Hate crimes against Jewish people were recorded at 181, while hate crimes against Muslims were 65 (less than half).
54.9 police-reported hate crimes per 100,000 individuals reporting that they were Jewish.
6.2 hate crimes per 100,000 individuals reporting that they were Muslim.
84% of crimes against Jews were reported to be non-violent and mostly mischief related.
67% of crimes against Muslims were non-violent and mischief related.
Hate crimes targeting Muslim populations were more likely to be violent offenses (33%).
Additionally, statistics conclude that most hate crimes (66%) were based on sexual orientation, while hate crimes based on religion/ethnicity were 44%. Additionally, out of those hate crimes, only 14% were violent. The majority was mischief related.
Is Motion M-103 Supported By Evidence?
It does not appear to be, according to the most recent statistics we found regarding hate crimes. Eliminating "hate speech" will not quell the issue facing Muslims. The statistics support that Jewish people are targets for more non-violent hate crimes, while Muslims are significantly subjected to more violent hate crimes. It should be noted, however, that the report did not indicate what defined a violent crime such as assault, murder, or uttering threats.
The report did note that women were a higher target for crimes (47%) which may be attributed to wearing head coverings.
The report does conclude that Muslims are at higher risk for violent hate crimes. A ban on speech will not decrease this number. Increased awareness and policing will help protect people from violent crimes, but a ban on speech will not be very effective. Additionally, hate crimes based on sexual orientation were significantly higher. So what are we going to do about that?
The Canadian government says that those who engage in acts of terrorism aren't really Muslims. Yet they do profess to be. A more accurate statement would be that they represent an "extreme" form of the religion that is not represented by the Muslim people as a whole. As in everything in life, there are always extreme forms of something ie. "alt-left", "alt-right", etc. that is not represented by people as a whole and comprise a small fraction of the population. However, even this small fraction can do a lot of damage.
What Motion M-103 will do is eliminate any speech that is against Muslims or Islam whether it is true or not. We will no longer be able to state the truth or any opposing opinions on the matter thereby quenching our rights of freedom of expression by simply stating that we do not agree or here are the facts in a particular situation. "Do not agree" is not the same as hate speech, and neither is a presentation of facts over a particular documented incident- of which there is not evidence to support that any such thing exists against the Muslim community.
Terrorism is a much larger reality, and although Muslims have been the recipients of fear, eliminating freedom of speech will not remedy this problem. It will not extinguish fear and violates our constitutional rights. Canada has protected the rights quite adequately by incorporating that Muslim boys and girls can be segregated in schools, leave for prayer, and have special dietary restrictions in place. Yet we have removed evidence of God, and Christian prayers/celebrations so that we do not offend others. This doesn't seem particularly inclusive.
And what about protection for the Jewish population who statistically are targets for hate crimes?
The real war is with terrorism. While the public needs to separate out terrorism from being a Muslim, Motion M-103 will do nothing but create long-term problems for the country. "Islamophobia" will not stop, nor will any of the issues surrounding it cease until we address the real issue. Until then, all we are doing is telling people that they do not have the freedom to speak against a certain group (but all others are fine!), nor do they have a right to voice their opinion. Seems pretty "unCanadian"- especially given the fact that the claims are not supported.
Additionally, keep in mind what other freedoms we may be sacrificing if this bill passes. While we need equality and compassion for others, this is not the way to do it. All it's doing is creating inequality which will, in the end, result in civil unrest.
If you are against Motion M-103, please sign the following petition. This effects media, businesses, and normal citizens who could, unknowingly, be subjected to being charged with hate speech. Not only that, but it does violate freedom of expression.
Also, read this article which goes into further explanation and provides thoughtful insight into the situation.


text:
Q: Running C# MVC application at root of iis server with multiple application pools I am having a problem with a site I am trying to prototype for my organization.  I am building a C# MVC site that will eventually be the front-end for all of our sites.  When I deploy it to the root of the server, it cuts off access to all our sub-sites that also run on MVC.  Our classic ASP sites work, but I think that's be cause the MVC routing engine can't handle those archaic sites anyway.
So, here's the layout of our application pool:

*

*root site (currently classic asp)

*sub-sites that have their own resource pools

I want to run my site at the root, and still be able to have the other applications run independently while they are upgraded/integrated with the root site.
When I try to access any sub-application directly, I get a 401.2 access denied error.  I have tried adding the sub-applications to a routes.IgnoreRoutes statement, and straight up adding a route for the sub-application.
Can anyone help me figure out if I can do this, and what I would need to do to make this work?  Do all the sub-applications have to be a part of the same project?  Any help/guidance you could provide would be immensely appreciated.
Edit:. All of the applications fall under one "site." Ourdomain.com/applications. I want mine to run at ourdomain.com, and still be able to run all of the applications.

A: Ok. I figured it out.  I had to remove a bunch of stuff from the web.config that I deployed to the root of the site.  Bearing in mind that I have to deploy a pre-compiled application, here's what I removed:
<configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
</configSections>
<appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
</appSettings>
<entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
</entityFramework>

Something else I had to do since our site uses active directory authentication is add the following to authorization:
<allow roles="DN\domain users"/>

The regular
<deny users="?"/>

was blocking all access to sub-applications without the roles being allowed at the root level web.config - regardless of the apps having their own web.config that specified their access rights.

A: This solution for overriding user's access to specific folder but not for all of them in root application https://serverfault.com/questions/135825/disable-authentication-on-subfolders-of-an-asp-net-app-using-windows-authentic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Cute Talking Ginger's biggest fan? Well, if you've already tried the app, you must have already helped fluffy Ginger brush its teeth, you might have already brushed its incredibly soft fur, too, even poked or tickled him, but we're pretty sure you haven't yet worked your fashion talent on sweet Ginger, haven't you? Then how about doing it right now enjoying the soon to become one of your top favorite animal dress up games? You have a super wide cool, both funny and chic costumes collection to browse through and dress him up with so, give your first shot! How about choosing some Mario-like overalls for him and a nice little red plumber hat, too? You could also opt for a fancy, sharp looking elegant tuxedo, imaging that you're dressing up cute Ginger as a business man or as an English lord, and pair it with a gentleman hat, too, and some classy polished shoes, maybe with a pair of eyeglasses, as well. Keep digging, keep switching from a funny cartoonish, to an elegant, smart-looking and then to a casual chic, funny cute fashion look for your tomcat friend here and decide which one suits his feline cuteness best!


text:
St. Kitts Nevis dead last at basketball championships
What a disappointment it was, as the Federation's basketball team could not muster a single win — as the team lost all its games by an average of more than 30 points — at the Caribbean Basketball Championships in Jamaica.
The disappointment began with the massive loss against Jamaica in the opening day match-up. The Kittitians found themselves down 114-56 at the end of regulation.
The 58-point defeat was easily the largest for any St. Kitts national team in a regional tournament.
The second game against Barbados had similar fortunes as the team lost again by a huge margin, 94-52.
The third game was a slight improvement in terms of the team's competitiveness — however the result remained the same — with another disappointing 93-63 loss to the US Virgin Islands.
Prior to their fourth game there was some glimmer of hope as they were about to face traditional rivals Antigua-Barbuda.
The Antiguan Bulldogs, as they are known, have faced St. Kitts on numerous occasions in some of the most memorable games in Caribbean basketball history.
Both teams have had varying successes when playing against each other. Thus the St. Kitts team was hoping at best for their most competitive match of the tournament.
This was not to be as the Antigua Bulldogs gave St. Kitts-Nevis another thrashing, with a 102-76 victory.
The final game of the tournament saw St. Kitts-Nevis playing St. Vincent and The Grenadines for the last placed position in the tournament.
The Vincentians enjoyed there only win thanks to the Kittitians with an 84-69 victory.
Marvin Davis led all the Kittitian scorers averaging 12.5 ppg while teammate Levi "By-By" Fyfeild also averaged in double figures with 10 ppg for the tournament.
Davis and William Natta were the eighth and ninth ranked rebounders overall for the tournament.
Good performances also came from George "Goolay" Gaton who also averaged 10 ppg.
Gaton played particularly well in the final three games where he had 16, 12 and 16 points respectively. FyField was also among the tournament leaders in 3-pointers made and was among the team leaders in assists along with Lyle Duggins and Duon McSheene.
Fyfeild also led the team in minutes played as well as blocked shots along with Duggins and Nasharn Maynard, while Davis was among the tournament leaders in steals.
The very disappointing performance of the team will definitely bring into question the readiness of the team to participate in a tournament such as the CBC Championships, which is easily the most competitive any regional tournament.
The St. Kitts-Nevis team last participated in the tournament in 2000 with similar fortunes in standings but were much more competitive with single digit losses against Jamaica, USVI, Antigua and a one-point loss against Trinidad.
The national team contingent consisted of 12 players and five officials; including Manager Malcolm Knight, SKABA President Wendell Pemberton, Assistant Coach "Sully" Douglas, Coach Glen "Ghost" Phillip and FIBA Referee Ian Liburd.
The team played a total five matches, losing all by an average of 30 plus points.
St. Kitts was the only team not to have the services of oversees based players.
According to reports from the tournament teams such as the host team Jamaica, runners-up the USVI and even Antigua-Barbuda and St. Vincent & the Grenadines all featured a high percentage of foreign-based players.
St. Kitts boasts it's share of foreign players including Sandy Point born Terrence Herbert who is playing professionally in Europe, former college stars Lincoln Glasford, Jason Noland, Omari Cranstoun and Vance Clarke as well as high school phenom Kraidon Woods.
The team's disappointing performance would have been greatly enhanced and improved had the services of the mentioned players been acquired.
It also begs the question, why was a team sent in the first place without any of the players mentioned knowing the level of play at the tournament?
The St. Kitts-Nevis team last participated in the tournament in 2000 with similar fortunes in standings but were much more competitive with single digit losses against Jamaica, USVI, Antigua and a 1 point loss against Trinidad. The final tournament standings were:
1. Jamaica
2. USVI
3. Cuba
4. Bahamas
5. Barbados
6. Antigua
7. St.Vincent and the Grenadines
8. St.Kitts-Nevis
Previous articleCotton Ground bring redeemed brothers to their knees
Next articleThe Final Countdown
Charles E. Mills Secondary School Athletes Take Top Honors
Department Of Sports To Celebrate Excellence
Wimbledon Final: Halep Breezes by Williams 6-2, 6-2
US Women Win 4th World Cup Title, 2-0 Over Netherlands
CONCACAF Gold Cup: US Defeats Jamaica 3-1, Mexico Next Up


So, if you're anywhere near Edinburgh right now you'll be more than aware that the Edinburgh Fringe Festival is kicking off for its 70th year and it's gonna be a good one. Ya know, it is only the best Festival in the world + it's on our doorstep. I'm excited.
I have so many good memories of past Fringe Madness from before I even lived in Edinburgh, right up to the last few years when we've been in the thick of it. In 2015 we hit the Fringe for one last day of freedom the night before we went into hospital to have Oscar, before celebrating his birthday last year by taking him to his first show and we plan to do it all again this year.


text:
Skorogoszcz ( Schurgast) ist eine Ortschaft in der Gemeinde Lewin Brzeski im Powiat Brzeski der polnischen Woiwodschaft Oppeln. Die oberschlesische Ortschaft Schurgast hatte bis 1945 das Stadtrecht inne.

Geographie

Geographische Lage
Die Ortschaft liegt im Westen der historischen Region Oberschlesien am rechten Ufer der Glatzer Neiße auf 159 m ü. NHN,   sechs Kilometer östlich von  Lewin Brzeski (Löwen), 20 Kilometer südöstlich von  Brzeg (Brieg) und 19 Kilometer nordwestlich von  Oppeln.

Das Umland gehört zur Schlesischen Tiefebene am Rande des  Glatzer Neiße-Tals hin zur Falkenberger Ebene.

Nachbarorte
Nachbarorte von Skorogoszcz sind im Osten Chróścina (Weißdorf), im Südosten Borkowice (Borkwitz), im Westen der Gemeindesitz Lewin Brzeski (Löwen) und Buszyce (Buchitz) sowie im Norden Wronów (Frohnau) und Mikolin (Nikoline).

Geschichte

Der Ort Schurgast wurde 1223 erstmals als Scorogostov most urkundlich erwähnt, wobei außerdem die Einweihung der Kirche in Anwesenheit von Bischof Lorenz von Breslau erwähnt wird. 1228 wird der Ort als Scorogostov erwähnt. 1239 wurde der Ort als Storogostomnost erwähnt. Im Jahre 1271 erhielt der Ort das Stadtrecht. 1300 wird für Schurgast ein Vogt und eine Zollstelle erwähnt. 1328 wird die Stadt Surgasd von Herzog Boleslaw im Tausch gegen Bowallno erworben.

1719 zerstörte ein Brand fast den kompletten Ort. Am 14. September 1741 rückte das preußische Heer in Schurgast ein. Der Wiederaufbau des Ortes war weiterhin im Gange und zählte 1741 nur knapp 300 Einwohner. Nach dem Ersten Schlesischen Krieg 1742 fiel Schurgast mit dem größten Teil Schlesiens an Preußen. Kurz darauf begannen rund um Schurgast Arbeiten zum Bau eines Fort. Kurz nach Fertigstellung dieser wurde die Anlage wieder aufgegeben. Die durch den Brand verlorenen Stadtrechte wurden 1760 durch König Friedrich II. wieder verliehen. 1770 wurde im Ort eine evangelische Schule eingerichtet. 1783 zählte der Ort 62 Bürger.

1802 begannen die Arbeiten für die evangelische Kirche am Ring. Der Kirchenbau wurde 1806 fertiggestellt und am 30. September 1806 geweiht. Nach der Neuorganisation der Provinz Schlesien gehörte die Landgemeinde Schurgast ab 1816 zum Landkreis Falkenberg O.S. im Regierungsbezirk Oppeln. 1825 erhielt die evangelische Kirche von Schurgast zusätzlich einen Kirchturm. Am 16. Juni 1835 wurde der Ort erneut durch ein Feuer zerstört. Dabei wurden 24 Wohnhäuser, 45 weitere sowie die katholische Pfarrkirche zerstört. 1845 bestand der Ort aus der Dorfgemeinde Schurgast und der Schloßgemeinde Schurgast. Die Dorfgemeinde zählte 21 Häuser und 150 Einwohner, davon 74 evangelisch. Die Schloßgemeinde zählte ein Schloss, eine Ziegelei, eine Brauerei, eine Brennerei und 34 Häuser. 1845 lebten 294 Menschen in der Schloßgemeinde, davon 144 evangelisch. 1865 lebten 705 Menschen im Ort, davon 361 katholisch, 337 evangelisch und sieben jüdisch. 1874 wurde der Amtsbezirk Schloss Schurgast gegründet, welcher aus den Landgemeinden Schurgast, Dorf, Schurgast, Schloß und Weißdorf und den Gutsbezirken Schurgast und Weißdorf bestand. Erster Amtsvorsteher war der Rittergutsbesitzer von Cramon in Schurgast. 1885 zählte Schurgast 719 Einwohner. Am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts befanden sich in Schurgast eine Korbflechtschule und eine Korbflechterei.

1930 wurde über die Glatzer Neiße eine Stahlbrücke erbaut. 1933 hatte Schurgast 1.096 Einwohner, 1939 zählte der Ort 1.224 Einwohner. Bis 1945 befand sich der Ort im Landkreis Falkenberg O.S.

Beim Herannahen der Roten Armee gegen  Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs flüchtete
am 22. Januar 1945  die Bevölkerung von Schurgast. Kurz darauf rückte die Kriegsfront bis an die Stadt heran. Die Kämpfe um Schurgast dauerten ca. zwei Wochen lang. Bedingt durch die Kämpfe und den darauffolgenden Einmarsch der Roten Armee am 4. Februar 1945 wurden zahlreiche Gebäude im Ort zerstört, darunter die evangelische Kirche und die Bebauung am Ring. Die Reste der Kirche wurden später beseitigt.

Nach Kriegsende 1945 wurde die Region von der Sowjetunion unter polnische Verwaltung gestellt.
Der bisher  deutsche Ort Schurgast wurde in Skorogoszcz umbenannt. Es begann die Zuwanderung polnischer Migranten, die zum Teil aus Gebieten östlich der Curzon-Linie kamen, wo sie der polnischen Minderheit angehört hatten. Die verbliebenen deutschen Einheimischen wurden im Juni 1946 von der örtlichen polnischen Verwaltungsbehörde  vertrieben.

1950 kam der Ort, der zunächst der Woiwodschaft  Breslau zugeordnet worden war,  zur Woiwodschaft Oppeln. 1999 kam der Ort zum Powiat Brzeski.

Demographie

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Jakobuskirche
Die römisch-katholische St.-Jakobus-Kirche (poln. Kościół św. Jakuba Apostoła) wurde 1852 im neoromanischen Stil erbaut. Ein Vorgängerbau wurde bereits im 13. Jahrhundert erbaut, welcher 1835 durch einen Brand zerstört wurde. Der Backsteinbau besitzt einen rechteckigen Chor sowie einen massiven, auf einen rechteckigen Grundriss stehenden Glockenturm am Westportal. Der Hauptaltar ist bestückt mit Figuren des Hl. Jakobus und der HL. Katharina, welche aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammen. Im Inneren hängt das Gemälde Kuss des Judas von Raphael Schall aus dem Jahr 1853. Das Kirchengebäude wurde 1966 unter Denkmalschutz gestellt.

Weitere Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Durch Kriegseinwirkung wurde 1945 das Schloss Schurgast zerstört. Erhalten hat sich jedoch der angrenzende Schlosspark.
 Der evangelische Friedhof wurde 1750 angelegt und 1994 unter Denkmalschutz gestellt.
 Der Wasserturm aus dem Jahr 1910 wurde 1999 unter Denkmalschutz gestellt.
 Neogotisches Pfarrhaus aus Backstein
 Gedenkstein zur 777-Jahr-Feier auf dem Ring

Vereine
 Freiwillige Feuerwehr OSP Skorogoszcz
 Sportverein LZS Skorogoszcz

Persönlichkeiten
 Karl Gratza (1820–1876), deutscher katholischer Geistlicher und Mitglied des deutschen Reichstags, zwischen 1853 und 1865 Pfarradministrator in Schurgast
 Joseph Wolny (1844–1908), katholischer Geistlicher und Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags, zwischen 1868 und 1884 Pfarrer in Schurgast
 Fedor von Spiegel (1845–1907), Rittergutsbesitzer und Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags

Verkehr
Durch den Ort verläuft die Landesstraße Droga krajowa 94.

Literatur
 Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien, Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865,  S. 1156–1158.
 Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi:  Erdbeschreibung der preussischen Monarchie, Band 3, Teil 1, Halle 1792, S. 24–25.
 Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetisch-statistisch-topographische Uebersicht der Dörfer, Flecken, Städte und andern Orte der Königl. Preusz. Provinz Schlesien. 2. Auflage. Graß, Barth und Comp., Breslau 1845, S. 615.

Weblinks

 Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon, fünfte Auflage, Band 2. Leipzig 1911., S. 660.
 Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 1888

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Schlesien
Ort der Woiwodschaft Opole
Gmina Lewin Brzeski
Ersterwähnung 1223
Stadtrechtsverleihung 1271

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nicole Miller is a Licensed Professional Counselor and earned her Master's in Clinical Psychology from The Illinois School of Professional Psychology. Nicole works with adults and adolescents. She provides counseling and therapy for adults who are struggling with family issues, life transitions, depression, anxiety, anger management, emotional instability, grief and loss, and PTSD due to physical and sexual abuse. She also treats adolescents struggling with social and emotional issues.
Nicole frequently works with individuals and couples who are considering divorce or working through a difficult time during or after a divorce.
She also provides private therapy to adolescents, working in tandem with a therapist who provides therapy to the adolescent's family. This multi-dimensional approach protects the client/therapist alliance, while offering parents input and influence.


I agreed and started to figure out which horror movies that I am too frightened to watch alone I would most like to see. Current candidates: The Descent and Halloween.
But every time I suggest a day for this movie night, he claims that the other friend is unavailable. When I get in touch with this other friend, he agrees that he is unavailable but won't suggest a day when he is available. He is normally the most available person ever and nobody else seems to be having trouble making plans with him.
I'm pretty sure my friend is interested in me romantically and it is not reciprocated. I'm pretty sure that I'm being set up here and I'm really not happy about it.
But I don't want to have it out with him in case I'm wrong. I've just gone quiet on it for the past week or so, but he keeps asking me when.
Would it be super rude to suggest we invite a few other people? I'm a little reticent because it's his apartment. I'd invite a few other people and then do it at my place but I have the world's smallest television.


Welcome to the Texas Down Payment Assistance Grants page for first time home buyers. We're glad you've made your way here!
If you find any information has changed for the Texas First Time Home Buyer page, please provide us with the updated details using our Contact! Your support and assistance benefits every future visitor just like you.


text:
Chilliwack Office (604) 792-1376
Abbotsford Office (604) 852-3646
Langley (604) 534-1376
Commerical Litigation
News Release: Truth and Reconciliation in Practice
Personal Injury Law	Oct 12, 2016
In late 2015, the Benchers of the Law Society of British Columbia have unanimously agreed that addressing the challenges arising from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's findings and recommendations is one of the most important and critical obligations facing the country and the legal system today. To the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, reconciliation is about establishing and maintaining a mutually respectful relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples in this country. In order for that to happen, there has to be awareness of the past, acknowledgment of the harm that has been indicted, atonement for the causes, and action to change the behaviour.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's final report contains 94 recommendations to guide Canada towards this goal of reconciliation. Recommendations 27 and 28 speak specifically to the legal profession. Recommendation 27 calls upon the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to ensure that lawyers receive appropriate cultural competency training, which includes the history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal- Crown Relations. Recommendation 28 calls upon law schools in Canada to require all law students to take a course in Aboriginal people and the law.
The Benchers recognize that reconciliation goes beyond these two recommendations to include a number of legal issues currently impacting Aboriginal communities. These include child welfare, overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in custody and the need for enhanced restorative justice programs, the disproportionate victimization of Aboriginal women and girls, Aboriginal rights and title (including treaty rights, the implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, unresolved residential school claims, and issues concerning jurisdictional responsibility for Aboriginal peoples. While the majority of the recommendations contained in the communal report are not directly aimed at lawyers, their implementation largely depends on the engagement of lawyers. Accordingly, the Law Society of British Columbia will begin to implement key initiatives
Personal Injury Law Nov 5, 2018
Get a Grip On Winter
With shorter days upon us and cooler temperatures in the forecast, winter is fast approaching. Before we know it, snow...
Personal Injury Law Oct 12, 2016
Waxing your board: Liability on the slopes
This past winter has been one of the best in recent memory for snow conditions on the local mountains. While...
Personal Injury Law Mar 8, 2013
Fore-Warned: Negligence on the Golf Course
Chilliwack is blessed with some of the most beautiful and playable golf-courses around, and may have more golf per capita...
Get our newsletter delivered to your inbox.
Baker Newby
Chilliwack Office
P.O. Box 390, 9259 Main Street,
Chilliwack, BC V2P 6K2
info@bakernewby.com
Abbotsford Office
200 – 2955 Gladwin Rd,
Abbotsford BC V2T 5T4
© 2020 Baker Newby Full-Service Lawyers. All rights reserved.


At the tender age of 17 Tommy Four Seven already had a residency at Fire Club in London and played in famous clubs like Fabric very early on. He also studied Music Technology in London before moving to Berlin. His heart and soul is music. So it's clear that a record label like CLR would take Tommy on board, which he has been a integral part of since 2009, enjoying global success as a producer and DJ. He is also a regular at Berghain, where he performs alongside greats like Chris Liebing, Brian Sanhaji and Monolog. His aim is clear: to make massive Techno! Tommy is known for his extraordinary productions and landed a real hit in the techno scene with his darkly driving track "Armed". We look forward to sweating to his set in Holland!


This large Starfish is known as the Crown of Thorns (Acanthaster planci). The crown-of-thorns receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface. It is the second-largest Starfish in the world.


I provided some website support for my friend Claire from Nikita Handmade, a business selling patchwork yoga bags made from recycled fabric. I helped with some photography at the great Stacks On Festival organised by Culture Jam – great event crew, creating beautiful themed parties in Melbourne. Then there are Heath and Justin – who run an online shop called Forest Superfoods, bringing you all the organic good stuff you usually don't find in supermarkets and that make your body happy. Each time you place an order they plant a native Australian tree. I also met Zak from Zebra Dream Coconut Ice-cream, who makes some of the best organic ice-cream in town and helped with some mobile optimisation on his website. I also helped Davide and Laura launch their Project "Reel Motive".


"Got the best training as a CNA have recommended two CNAS still yet to recommend more "
"This is a very simplified and detailed training school which everyone can attend and be sure of never forgetting your skills and knowledge."
"Is the best school "
"The instructors are very vast in this health field. They bring in their field experiences and communicate the facts simple and clear. They give students ALL skills they need to know. "
"Because they are very good teachers in this school they make you understand clearly, and learning good skills for your future"
"D owner is an excellent instructor.he is d one who normally takes d cna classes.he is excellent to d core in his teaching techniques.unless if u don't know what u are doing dats when u will fail in class exam n state exam.he will definately explain everything to you to its simplest possible form,even to an ordinary lay man's language.I really enjoyed having my cna class at Cumberland medical institute.Except u dont know what u are doing that u will regret going to d school.i give kudos to mr jonah n uncountable thumbs up."
"Very excellent lectures, very accommodating and understanding staff. I am glad I chose the school"
"It's a learner friendly environment. The instructor is very patient, thorough and in-depth, and goes over and beyond to teach the knowledge and skills for the job."


text:
'She held her so close': Witness saw slain mother cradling her baby before stabbing
Awad said he was taking a break from work when he sat down across from the victim and her baby in a lounge area in the apartment's lobby. He told the victim he thought her daughter was cute, but, he said, the victim didn't respond. She just continued to hug and kiss her baby, he said Sunday night. "It looked like she knew something was going to happen to her and she wanted to spend all her time holding and loving her daughter." Awad said he saw police bring the baby, who he said looked to be about four to six months old, outside after they responded to her mother's stabbing. He said he gave them water for the girl. He said he is shocked and saddened by what happened. Read more…


text:
March 10th Newswire
KingCrash
- As announced earlier today (http://www.rohwrestling.com/news/the-hunt-returns-in-atlanta/), The American Wolves (Davey Richards & Eddie Edwards) will reunite for one night to take on Wrestling's Greatest Tag Team (Charlie Haas & Shelton Benjamin)! Saturday April 2nd in Atlanta, GA during "Honor Takes Center Stage", two of wrestling's top team demonstrate why ROH is the home of tag team excellence! "I knew the Wolves would step up to the challenge." stated Shelton Benjamin, "They're fighters, just like me and Charlie, but unfortunately for them, they will go down fighting in Atlanta. We will come into this match as the new champions, you can bank on that, and there is no way we will let a victory slip away one day after ending the Kings' title run."
- In case you missed the announcement earlier this week, a limited number of tickets were released yesterday for the sold out events in Atlanta. Just a few remain at this point so if you're looking to come out and see us during Mania weekend don't delay in placing your order. Tickets for Altanta can be ordered here: http://www.rohstore.com/index.php?dispatch=categories.view&category_id=3.
- Speaking of title opportunities, ROH officials received a video message from Eddie Edwards today regarding his ROH World Title opportunity at "Manhattan Mayhem IV" against champion Roderick Strong. We will have that message available to you next week along with several comments from Strong, Steve Corino, and others as we prepare for "Defy or Deny" and "Manhattan Mayhem IV"!
- ROH's return to Plymouth, MA on 3/18/11 for "Defy or Deny" promises to be another can't miss event. Last time we were in Plymouth the fans witnessed one of the greatest tag team matches in ROH history when The Kings of Wrestling battled The American Wolves for the ROH World Tag Team Titles (available here on DVD: http://www.rohstore.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=477). Our goal is to come back with an even bigger event, and with what is already announced, it has the potential to be our best event yet in Plymouth's beautiful Memorial Hall. Tickets for "Defy or Deny" are available here: http://www.rohstore.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=207.
- Yesterday ROHWrestling.com announced the return of TJ Perkins to competition on March 18th & 19th (http://www.rohwrestling.com/news/tj-perkins-comes-back-to-roh/). In Plymouth he squares off with ROH World Tag Champion Chris Hero while in NYC he faces "The Generic Luchador" El Generico in two very different contests. "Preparation is key." offered Perkins, "That is something I learned a long time ago, and that is something that has helped me immensely in wrestling. ROH officials have given me two very different opponents, two men who are at the top of their game, and two men who I know I can take to their limit. I respect their talents, but they should also respect mine. I look forward to another opportunity to prove myself before the ROH faithful, and another opportunity to show the world that I am one of the elite."
- House of Truth member Michael Elgin continues his "Hit List" at "Defy or Deny" on 3/18 in Plymouth, MA. "Life Intervention Expert" Truth Martini has once again used his managerial skills to secure Elgin a match with an ROH World Championship contender. This time Elgin will have an opportunity to take out Eddie Edwards one night before Edwards battles Strong in the biggest match of his career. Edwards has a huge roadblock to overcome on his way to "Manhattan Mayhem IV" and could very well enter his Title match severely battered and bruised. We know Elgin's objective is to physically decimate Edwards before NYC but we also know that Edwards is one of the most resilient competitors to ever compete in ROH. There will be a lot at stake in this one!
- Mark Briscoe vs. Kyle O'Reilly has also been added to "Defy or Deny" on 3/18 in Plymouth, MA!
- Don't miss two great offers now available exclusively in the Ring of Honor Online Store. First, for every 3 Ring of Honor DVD's you purchase, get 2 FREE. Then, save $5 Off Live Event Tickets for most upcoming ROH shows including next weekend's events in Plymouth, MA and New York City. For complete details on both offers click here: www.rohwrestling.com/news/save-on-roh-dvds-and-live-event-tickets/.
- Steve Corino sent word recently to the ROH office in regards to the upcoming "Defy or Deny" event in Plymouth, MA. "As fans in Dayton heard and saw last month, part of my Pro-Wrestling Recovery is finding people that inspire me to be a better person. In ROH one of those people is Grizzly Redwood." Explained Corino, "I can understand why he and everyone else in the locker room do not trust me. I felt like I let him down when we teamed against The Bravado Brothers last month and I am hoping that he will team with me again in Plymouth, MA. I have had success in Plymouth in the past year and I feel that if Grizz gives me another chance and ROH officials allow it, we can be successful." Last month Corino explained that not many people knew about Grizzly's past. Grizzly spent the first 4 months of his life in intensive care and was not suppose to live. He was in and out of hospitals all of his life and he is a true fighter since day one who has never shown any signs of deceit or jealousy. Despite all of his struggles in life he never gave up and Corino says that he looks up to that.
- Speaking of Grizzly Redwood, Prince Nana's "Project" Tommaso Ciampa will battle Grizzly Redwood on 3/19 in NYC at "Manhattan Mayhem IV." Not much is known about Ciampa but the history between The Embassy and Grizz is well documented. Look for the "ROH on HDNet" debut of Ciampa and the new Embassy this Monday night! The Embassy has also officially signed for 4/1 and 4/2 in Atlanta, GA!
- Davey Richards promises to be in the best shape of his life going into his Pure Rules match at "Manhattan Mayhem IV" against Christopher Daniels. "I have been training night and day," stated Richards, "When it comes time for me to challenge for the ROH World Championship again I will be unstoppable. Daniels is the perfect opponent to take me to my limit but if I'm defeated then I know I'm not ready for a title match." Expect more words from Davey Richards next week at ROHWrestling.com.
- "The Prodigy" Mike Bennett will have his first championship opportunity on March 18th in Plymouth, MA when he challenges "The Fallen Angel" Christopher Daniels for the ROH Television Title. Many skeptics have said that Bennett was "all hype with no bite," but the last couple of months have proved many people wrong. Early in his ROH career, Bennett and his trainer Brutal Bob would constantly make appearances when the TV Title was present, whether at ringside or during backstage interviews. . At this time Bennett showed literally no reason to deserve a title shot of any kind. However, as the months went by he impressed with big wins over Colt Cabana, Mark Briscoe, and Steve Corino. Bennett also had a great showing in the 2011 Top Prospect Tournament and the Finals can be witnessed this Monday on "ROH on HDNet" with Bennett facing Kyle O'Reilly. If Bennett can somehow manage to live up to everything he says, then it is very possible that he could leave Plymouth on the 18th and enter NYC with the ROH TV Championship around his waist.
- Days ago ROH officials announced that three of the top current generation Joshi stars from S-Ovation in Japan will be heading to Atlanta for "Honor Takes Center Stage" on 4/2 and 4/1 (http://www.rohwrestling.com/news/joshi-comes-to-atlanta/). Hiroyo Matsumoto, Ayumi Kurihara, and Tomoka Nakagawa will debut in Ring of Honor and are looking to impress with a completely different style then fans are accustomed to. Sara Del Rey sent word to the ROH offices after the announcement was made. "This has made my day," stated Del Rey, "I have faced Kurihara before and she got lucky. I have been waiting to even the score with her ever since. Make it happen ROH!" You can catch all the action live on iPPV with GoFightLive.TV (http://www.gfl.tv/Events/Fight/Wrestling/Honor_Takes_Center_Stage_Both_Shows/968). With a great deal of only $19.99 for BOTH events, or $14.99 individually, it's a can't beat buy for the best wrestling around!!
- We have two new DVD's up for preorder in the Ring of Honor Online Store. "SoCal Showdown II" from Los Angeles, CA features Roderick Strong vs. El Generico for the World Title and The Kings of Wrestling vs. Wrestling's Greatest Tag Team. "ROH on HDNet Vol. 6″ is also available featuring the tournament to crown the first ROH World TV Champion. For more information or both titles click here: http://www.rohstore.com/index.php?dispatch=categories.view&category_id=1.
Eddie Kingston said:
....It's like watching Lost and getting angry at the end. "Fuck I've been watching this show for six years and it turned out to be the bullshit thing I thought it would be!"
BalooUpoo
ROH is getting better and better lately. I've been buying all the DVDs for years now, trying to complete my collection on ebay. They really are setting the future trend for wrestling PPV with all of their iPPVs. they are leading the charge.
I am the Miz's biggest fan and I am awesome!
Wrestling excelence = ROH CHIKARA SHIMMER
Events I will attend on my wrestling road trip: SHIMMER 26TH & 27TH MARCH, ROH 2ND APRIL, WRESTLEMANIA 3RD APRIL, RAW 4TH, PWG WINNING 9TH APRIL.
A list of the top 100 woman's wrestlers of all time = Japanese wrestlers you don't know about.
A list of the worst 100 woman's wrestlers of all time = a list crammed full of American and Canadian wrestlers you don't care about.
BalooUpoo Mar 11, 2011


text:
Home » News & Analysis » VADM Brown: Future Fleet Must Be Bigger, Leverage Unmanned Vessels
VADM Brown: Future Fleet Must Be Bigger, Leverage Unmanned Vessels
January 13, 2020 5:04 PM • Updated: January 14, 2020 2:39 PM
Vice Adm. Richard A. Brown, commander, Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet, delivers his remarks during a change of command ceremony for the amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6) at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, Calif., in 2019. US Navy Photo
The Navy needs a bigger fleet – and while ongoing budget talks don't sound promising for the buildup of manned warships that some had envisioned, the surface force is working hard to quickly bring unmanned vessels into the force to expand its reach and capability.
Vice Adm. Richard Brown, the commander of Naval Surface Forces and Naval Surface Force Pacific, told a small group of reporters that "we need a larger fleet. The world is not getting any safer, and what the Navy brings to world security is just tremendous."
"Whether the number's 355, 365, 345, it's somewhere around there," he said, but he noted that upcoming decisions on a force structure assessment and the Fiscal Year 2021 budget request are still predecisional and continue to be debated among Navy and Defense Department leadership.
"We've got to get there. But ships are expensive, and crews are expensive. And so it's really competing requirements and what's valued most at the time the budgets are developed that determines, here's the number today and what's the number tomorrow," he said.
"But I gotta tell you, the security environment isn't getting any more secure, it's getting less secure, and it's a maritime security environment hands down. And when the United States Navy's not there, it creates a sucking vacuum and people fill it in. And it's usually not good people."
That said, Brown is optimistic that unmanned surface vessels can make a big difference in how the Navy operates and fights, and can do so sooner than some might think.
From providing intelligence to acting as a decoy to firing missiles on a target passed from another ship, Brown said he has a good idea of what USVs could bring to the fight, and his command is working on finalizing concepts of operations for U.S. Fleet Forces Command and for Congress.
"I think it's well within the possibility that we'll fight fleet on fleet with unmanned surface vessels deep into that fight," he said, calling it a fundamental change to how the fleet fights akin to the introduction of carrier-based aviation to a battleship-centric fleet ahead of World War II.
SURFOR stood up the Surface Development Squadron 1 (SURFDEVRON) in May to develop CONOPS for unmanned surface platforms, as well as for the Zumwalt-class destroyers and other new additions to the surface fleet in the future.
Though Brown didn't want to get into too many specifics on how the SURFDEVRON has used its first Sea Hunter Medium Unmanned Surface Vehicle (MUSV) so far, he said, "it's operated with strike groups, it's operated with ships, we're learning a lot."
Brown owes Fleet Forces commander Adm. Christopher Grady a plan of action and milestones and an outline of the CONOPS by next month; a draft of the CONOPS by April and the final CONOPS by September, according to a memo from Grady obtained by USNI News.
As for talks with Congress, Brown said "I don't think any of the concerns coming out of Congress is that USVs, whether they're medium displacement or large displacement, aren't necessary. I think that generally the lawmakers recognize the same that we do, that this is going to be gamechanging for the future fight," he said.
"But they have a responsibility to guard taxpayers' money, and we have a responsibility to make sure that we build the systems and build the correct systems and don't waste taxpayers' money."
Article Keywords: Adm. Christopher Grady, Commander Naval Surface Forces, medium unmanned surface vehicle, Naval Surface Force Pacific, Sea Hunter, sna 2020, Surface Development Squadron 1 (SURFDEVRON), U.S. Fleet Forces Command, Vice Adm. Richard Brown
Categories: News & Analysis, Surface Forces, U.S. Navy
← Naval Surface Forces Looking Closely at Warfare Training for Individuals, Watch Teams Three Allied Frigates Converge on East Coast Ahead of Eisenhower CSG Deployment →


Maamria: "We have to strengthen"
After conceding a goal after just 18 seconds from kick-off, a second promptly followed to give a vulnerable Swindon side all the encouragement they needed to win all three points.
"You can't do that. It was unforgivable really," Maamria said. "We do our prep, we focus a lot on the first 10, 15 minutes, we have our gameplan and we play into their hands and they score from our kick-off.
"What you can't do is go away from home and give away two goals in six minutes. What we have learned it that we are a very reactive team. We react to things rather than being proactive. We keep coming back from losing positions, going behind to come back in games and sometimes at home, we can do that, but we can't do it away from home. You can't give a team, a club likes Swindon with their fans two goals in six minutes and expect something out of the game.
"We want to be on the front foot, take the initiative in games, score early, score again and that is a learning process and where we need to improve.
Maamria made minimal changes following Saturday's win against MK Dons and he explains how a lack of squad depth is hampering the side at the moment.
"It was a brilliant effort on Saturday, a big win against the leaders and today I should have changed two or three personnel, but I don't have the depth in the squad to make the changes.
"In hindsight I shouldn't have played JCR and Ronnie. Revs was playing with a knock, Kenners was sick all weekend but that is what we have got. To be fair to those lads, we had some fantastic performances. Joel Byrom was awesome, Timlin was brilliant, Alex Revell was brilliant and Kennedy had another great performance.
"He was really sick but he insisted on playing and he showed great determination. Some of the lads play with a lot of ambition and they really mean business. I think we need two or three more bodies, winning players, so when the heavy schedule comes in we can change one or two personnel and the performance levels will still be as high.
With no FA Cup tie at the weekend, Stevenage now have a free-weekend which Maamria says is very much welcome.
"We need it. There are a lot of sore bodies there, a few players playing with knocks and fair play to them but they have been putting their bodies on the line and insisting they want to play.


text:
Humiriaceae (o, alternativament Houmiriaceae ) és una família de plantes amb flors perennifòlies. Conté 8 gèneres i unes 50 espècies. Aquesta família és exclusivament neotropical, excepte una espècie que es troba a l'Àfrica occidental tropical.

Referències

Malpighials


In recent years the experiences of the underdeveloped regions of the world have dramatically diverged from one another. Economic growth has accelerated in Asia, while growth has slowed in Latin America and has come to a halt in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is a fundamental reversal in trend. Before World War II, Asia lagged behind the other regions. Between 1913 and 1950 its per capita GDP actually declined, while Latin America grew rapidly and Africa followed not far behind. Furthermore, the recent growth in Asia has been impressive when viewed in historical perspective. In Angus Maddison's estimates, the 3.54 percent annual growth rate recorded in Asia between 1973 and 1998 is the highest level recorded in any time period for any region of the world (Table 1).
The number of people living at an income level of less than $2.00 per day has declined in Asia from about 1.6 billion people in 1980 to about 600 million in 2000. In Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa, that number increased from about 289 million to 548 million - with the bulk of the growth occurring in Africa.
Another way to look at what has happened to poor people in the developing world is to examine directly the incomes of the bottom one-fifth of the population in these nations. To do so I have again used Bhalla's income estimates to compute the per capita income (or consumption) level of the first quintile of households in 1980 and 2000 and on that basis calculated the implied annual rate of income growth for the poorest quintile in the seven largest countries in Asia (Table 3).
Again the general pattern is clear. The continent's economic growth has substantially raised the average incomes of its poorest households. In general, furthermore, there is a positive association between the rate of economic growth among the seven nations and the rate of income growth for the poor, though the number of observations is too small to test the statistical significance of this relationship. The fact is that of the seven countries considered here the incomes of the poor in the four most rapidly growth countries grew at a substantially higher rate than was the case in the three nations where economic growth was relatively slow or, in the case of the Philippines, non-existent.
To be sure, in every case except that of Indonesia, the incomes of the poor grew more slowly than did the economy as a whole, implying that the relative share of the national income received by this group declined.2 Nevertheless there is no doubting the fact that Asia's economic growth has substantially raised the incomes of the poor.
That the poor benefited in this way is an event of historic importance. There are 465 million people in the poorest quintiles of China and India alone. The fact that in China the income of these low income people grew by 6.6 percent per year and in that in India the expenditures of the poorest quintile increased by 3.3 percent per year implies a historically unprecedented process of poverty alleviation. There never has been a twenty year period in which the incomes of so many of the poorest people in the poorest countries grew so rapidly.
An industrial revolution is underway in Asia and the resulting growth in manufacturing there has been a critical element in its economic growth.3 Between 1980 and 2000, the last year for which it is possible to obtain consistent data, the East Asia and Pacific region (as defined by The World Bank) saw its manufacturing sector grow by 10.2 percent per year and its manufactured exports increase by the very high rate of 13.2 percent annually. South Asia too experienced high rates of growth of manufacturing and manufactured exports (Table 4). Furthermore, the Asian experience stands in contrast to what happened elsewhere. Latin America's manufacturing sector as a whole grew slowly, though computed from a small base, its percentage increase in manufactured exports was high. In the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa both the manufacturing sector and manufactured exports lagged seriously behind that of the manufacturing - that economic growth was most rapid.
Within Asia, China was by far the star performer. On all three measures - increases in GDP per capita, manufacturing output and manufactured exports - China's growth exceeded that of the other six countries in the region (Table 5). Even so, economic growth of Thailand, other regions.
It was in Asia - the location of the boom in India and Indonesia too was impressive in these years. In all four of these cases the growth in manufactured exports exceeded the growth of the manufacturing sector, and that in turn grew more rapidly than did the economy as a whole. Indeed that same pattern prevailed for the three countries that grew relatively slowly. Put more generally, all of the big Asian countries experienced a boom in manufactured exports and in the cases of China, Thailand, India and Indonesia that export boom was associated with a general process of rapid economic growth.
The recent growth experience of the big Asia countries since 1980 has come as much of a surprise as did the economic development that occurred in the smaller 'Asian Tigers' - South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong - during the 1970s. No one that I know of predicted it and the growth that occurred cannot easily be explained by conventional economic analysis.
During the 1980s and much of the 1990s there was a widespread belief in the development community that market liberalization was the key to long-term growth. Joseph E. Stiglitz writes governments were told that 'free markets were the solution to the problems of developing countries' and that, as Gerald M. Meir reports, 'markets, prices and incentives should be of central concern in policymaking.'4 To that end, the policies that were required by the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank as a condition for assistance almost always involved freeing markets from governmental intervention. In this regard, The Heritage Foundation devised an index of economic freedom which ranks countries on ten variables designed to indicate the extent to which free markets are operative.
To this day, the authors of the index claim that 'the countries with the most economic freedom also have higher rates of long-term economic growth.'5 In fact, however, The Heritage Foundation's own index makes it clear that market fundamentalism was not responsible for the growth in the big Asian countries.6 On one hand, as indicated in Table 6, the index for Asia and Pacific countries ranks that region as 'mostly unfree' with a higher score (less free) than Latin America and the Caribbean, and the North Africa and Middle East regions, and barely different from that of Sub-Saharan Africa. As is also shown in Table 6, where the seven large Asian countries are ranked in descending order of economic growth rates, there is no association between rates of economic growth and the economic freedom index. Of the seven, only Thailand is designated as 'mostly free.' China, the most rapidly growing country, is considered 'mostly unfree,' as are India and Indonesia, the other two countries with rates of economic growth of at least 3.5 per cent per year.
Institutions are critical to success in development because they determine the structure of incentives and levels of competencies present in a society. Where substantial rewards are offered for the use of modern technology and people are empowered effectively to use advanced production methods, growth is likely. Where the incentives work inadequately in encouraging the use of advanced technology or people are not sufficiently well educated to employ sophisticated production methods, economic development will fail.
What differentiates the era of globalization from preceding periods are the technologies that developed during the late twentieth century with regard to communications, information processing, storage and retrieval, and transportation.11 In each case, the advances that occurred allowed firms to extend their production processes over a greater geographic space than had been the case in the past. With those advances, it became possible more widely to disperse the production of intermediate and final manufactured goods. Multinational firms now could minimize their production costs and still maintain quality control by having subsidiaries or licensed firms undertake production at locations far from the head office. Referred to as chains, linkages, or alliances, this geographic dispersion of production has resulted in manufacturing's being undertaken in poor countries that in the past had only been suppliers of raw materials or agricultural products. Those technologies then provided opportunities for development. The growth data suggest that the countries of Asia, more than nations in Latin America and Africa, possessed the institutions which enabled them successfully to take advantage of those opportunities.
The spread of manufacturing to Asia, like the diffusion of growth more broadly, was unanticipated. Even John H. Dunning, a leading theorist and promoter of 'alliance capitalism' was doubtful. Writing as late as the early 1990s, Dunning thought that 'there would appear to be little prospect that most of the poorer countries will derive much immediate benefit from the new global economic order,' though he did concede the 'possibility' that growth might occur in China and India.12 In general, however, the success of Asia's policies and institutions in facilitating growth has come as a great surprise to economists.
But in 1978 when China began the process of rewarding innovation and opening the country to outside knowledge, its economic growth rate accelerated. And similarly, in the mid-1980s when under the government of Rajiv Gandhi, India created an environment more favorable to growth by relaxing the constraints under which businesses in that country functioned, growth there too accelerated.15 From circumstances in which the incentives and ability to adopt modern technology were constrained, the leaderships in both these poor countries moved to reconstruct an economic environment that had proved to be harmful to modernization.
A crucial question that the Asian economic success raises is whether, in Gavin Kitching's words, globalization 'marks the beginning of a process that may lead to the achievement ofÂ… a material standard of living' that the people in the poor countries will regard as 'satisfactory or acceptable.'19 Asia has not yet accomplished that goal, and Africa and Latin America have an even longer road to travel. And it must be added that this question arises at all only if development can be accomplished without an environmental crisis. In this, it has to be assumed the World Bank is right when it optimistically argues that effective technological responses to environmental degradation means, 'continued and even accelerated economic and human development is sustainable and can be consistent with improving environmental conditions.'20 If the possibility of a binding environmental constraint is put aside, the issue that determines the answer to Kitching's question is whether globalization will proceed in a way that allows growth not only to be sustained in Asia and but also to accelerate in Latin America and Africa.
In this regard, two important potential impediments loom. Both concern future changes in the rules governing international trade. Because of them, there is a real risk that late-comers to globalization will confront a less favorable international environment than did the pioneers in Asia. The first is that as the rules concerning the global economy become codified, they will impose a market fundamentalist straight-jacket on the development process. The second is that the process of trade liberalization will come to a halt and future developers will not have as much access to the markets of the rich countries as had been the case for the Asian developing nations.
As we have seen, Asia's economic growth did not occur in a laissez-faire environment, and growth is not an outcome that automatically happens when a market environment is created.21 An imposition of market fundamentalist rules - rules constraining the use of government instruments and policies to achieve specific objectives - would run the risk of outlawing the very policies that have enabled the Asian nations to develop.
The risk in this regard derives primarily from the fact that market fundamentalism forms the basis of the development policies insisted upon by the United States government. That is the content, for example, of the Bush Administration's new foreign assistance program. Under its Millennium Challenge Act, many of the criteria that are imposed on a country before it qualifies for assistance are of the kind present in The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom. Under the terms of the program, a country must satisfy 16 different standards, six of which come under the heading of 'encouraging economic freedom.'22 None of the criteria involves the kind of promotive activities that have been successfully employed in the rapidly growing Asian countries. To date only two countries, Madagascar and Honduras, have qualified for assistance on the basis of these standards. In explaining the selection of Madagascar, the Millennium Challenge Corporation's Chief Executive Officer noted that it was selected because the government of that country had adopted a 'pro-reform, pro-free marketÂ…approachÂ….'23 If rigorously imposed as the basis for evaluating whether a country should be a recipient of foreign assistance, this market fundamentalist bias could seriously hamper the nations of Africa and Latin America as they attempt to follow Asia's lead with regard to growth.
Aside from the risks that governments may be barred from intervening to achieve development, the second threat to development concerns market access. In this regard, the future of development will to a large extent will be shaped by the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Round of trade negotiations. Initiated in 2001, these talks were intended explicitly to address the problem of economic development. In them the poor countries are seeking enhanced access to markets - particularly agricultural markets - in the rich nations. Whether growth spreads beyond Asia will be determined by whether Doha results in an agreement and its content.
To date in these talks, the developed countries have proved reluctant to further open their markets to the products of the developing world. This resistance reflects the fact that there is only tepid support for liberal trade in several of the rich countries. This is the case when, for example, liberalization involves the dismantling of agricultural subsidies as it does in France, or the elimination of non-tariff barriers to manufactured imports as it does in the United States. In both of these countries, an alliance of the political right and left stands in opposition to enhanced trade liberalism.
The appeal of protectionism lies in the fact that liberalizing trade causes painful dislocations. International trade, of course, benefits consumers. It makes more goods available at lower prices than would be the case without it. Nevertheless those decreased prices put pressure on industries that compete with imports. With increased overseas competitors, domestic firms may experience reduced profits or even go bankrupt; and employees may be forced to accept lower wages or may lose their jobs altogether. Specific industries and their employees are therefore in effect asked to bear the costs of the gains that global market integration produces. Not surprisingly, they resist.
In practice, however, the admonition to share the benefits of trade has largely been overlooked. Compensatory policies are not included in the trade agreements themselves, and they have been neglected or treated as an after-thought when those agreements are considered by legislators. In this regard a consultative board's report to the Director-General of the WTO complained that the organization 'says practically nothing, even by way of exhortations, to WTO Members and to aid-giving institutions, or adjustment assistance.'27 And yet dislocations are every bit as much part of the process of global market integration as are the increases in well-being for which that globalization is responsible.
In a worst case scenario, a failed Doha Round will mean that the developing world will confront a toxic combination of continued restricted access to international markets, while being compelled domestically to adopt market fundamentalism. In this setting, rich countries, under pressure from the political opponents of liberal trade, will fail to open their markets to the products of the poor nations. This in itself would constitute a major blow to the interests of the poor countries. But the damage that would result from the continued stunting of their exports would then be compounded. With a Doha failure, bilateral agreements would become even more important than they are at present.
With that the case, the United States in particular would be able successfully to insist upon market fundamentalism as the price that poor countries will have to pay to gain access to its markets. In the process countries aspiring to growth will be denied the very tools that have proved effective in achieving high rates of economic growth.
But even beyond those who reject modernization in the name of 'community-based' economies, there is a more general failure in the movement to appreciate the real positive importance of globalization. To begin with, its adherents have not acknowledged the significance of the economic advances that the integrating of the world economy has resulted in. Because of that, the movement is too willing to entertain policies that would slow growth such as the imposition of standards on wages. At the same time, because it undervalues growth, the movement supports protectionism in the developed world as part of its effort to defend the interests of workers there. In this too it has not come to terms with the damage that the resulting slowing of growth would inflict on the poor of the underdeveloped world. But above all, the movement has not come to see that globalization can be used to link together the interests of the poor and working classes of both rich and the developing nations.
There is a new politics waiting to be born here. Such a politics would call for a globalization that was composed of three equally important components. It would of course require liberal trade as fundamental to successful globalization. In this it would point to the many persisting situations in which both rich and poor countries adhere to a special-interest driven protectionism that stifles growth. But it would also insist, as a matter of fairness and justice, that generous assistance is provided to workers who are displaced by global market integration. Doing so is the only way to ensure that globalization is fair and that its benefits are as widely distributed as possible. And, third, it would explicitly call for the right of governments to engage in development-promoting interventions in their economies. The international policy framework governing globalization must not be confined to a growth-inhibiting laissez-faire regime.
Admittedly, implementing a package that further extends trade liberalization, adds the right of poor countries to employ government interventions and secures new social policies to reduce the harsh edge of globalization will not be an easy accomplishment. It will necessitate the emergence of a social movement that advocates for the poor by affirming the desirability of economic growth, while at the same time insisting that the fruits of that growth be extended widely. But success in this project would have a double pay-off. On one hand it would serve to speed growth and thereby reduce poverty. On the other hand the adoption of compensatory policies to offset the costs of globalization might well reduce the populist hostility to international market integration that exists all over the world and that threatens to derail the process. It would thereby speed growth and hasten the day when global poverty is eliminated.
Political and economic activism can be made consistent with the interests of the poor in both the rich and the poor nations. But what is needed is that activists do a radical rethinking of their position. They will have to shift their focus from attempting to impede globalization to an effort to promote it in their own countries as well as elsewhere, with support systems in place to compensate those who pay the price for its gains.
We do not yet have a political movement that accepts this viewpoint. The ever-more-integrated nature of the world economy increasingly means that we need one.
This paper was presented to a research seminar held at the University of New South Wales on Friday 19th August 2005. Jay R. Mandle is W. Bradford Wiley Professor of Economics, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York. His publications include Globalization & the Poor (Cambridge, 2003).
1. Angus Deaton, 'Counting the World's Poor: Problems and Possible Solutions,' The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 16, no. 2 (Fall 2001), pp. 125-48.
2. Thus the experience of these countries is not consistent with that reported by David Dollar and Aart Kraay who find that for a much bigger sample of countries that the incomes of the poorest fifth rise proportionately with average income. See David Dollar and Aart Kraay, 'Growth is Good for the Poor,' Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 7, No. 3 (September 2002), pp. 195-225.
3. For the continued importance of agriculture as a source of employment in poor countries see Louis A. Ferleger, 'A World of Farmers, But Not a Farmer's World,' The Journal of the Historical Society, Vol. II, No. 1, Winter 2002, pp. 43-53.
4. Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002), p. 13; Gerald M. Meier, 'The Old Generation of Development Economists and the New,' in Gerald M. Meier and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds) Frontiers of Development Economics: The Future in Perspective, (Washington DC and New York: The World Bank and Oxford University Press 2001), p. 17.
6. In the index, a score of 1.99 or less is used to designate a 'free' country; a 'mostly free country scores between 2.00 and 2.99; a score 3.00 to 3.99 goes to 'mostly unfree' nations; and 4.00 to 5.00 is reserved for 'repressed' nations. The Heritage Foundation, 2005 Index of Freedom, (Washington: The Heritage Foundation, 2005) p. 59.
7. Simon Kuznets, 'Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections,' in Assar Lindbeck (ed.) Nobel Lectures: Economic Sciences 1969-1980, (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, 1992), p. 87.
8. Douglass C. North, Understanding the Process of Economic Change, (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005), p, 168-9.
11. Thomas L. Friedman has brought this development to the attention of a wide audience in his The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1999) and The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2005).
12. John H. Dunning, 'The Advent of Alliance Capitalism,' in John H. Dunning and Khalil A. Hamdani, The New Globalism and Developing Countries, (Tokyo: The United National University Press, 1997), p. 35.
13. Jay R. Mandle, 'Economic Reform and the Communist Party in China,' Socialism and Democracy, (Fall/Winter, 1987), pp. 71-6.
14. J. Bradford DeLong, 'India Since Independence: A Analytic Growth Narrative,' in Dani Rodrik (ed.) In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narratives of Economic Growth, (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003), p. 190-3.
16. Charles Gore, 'The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Development Countries,' World Development, Vol. 28, no. 5, (2000) p. 796.
17. Dani Rodrik, The Global Governance of Trade As if Development Really Matters (New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2001), p. 28.
18. Charles Gore, 'The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries,' p. 797. See also Alice H. Amsden, The Rise of 'The Rest': Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 251-283.
19. Gavin Kitching, Seeking Social Justice through Globalization: Escaping a Nationalist Perspective, (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001), p. 219, 218.
20. The World Bank, World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment, (Washington DC: The World Bank 1992), p. iii. Emphasis in original.
21. Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents, pp 53-60.
22. Report on the Criteria and Methodology for Determining the Eligibility of Candidate Countries for Millennium Challenge Account Assistance in FY 2004, p. 2. http://www.mca.gov.
23. Millennium Challenge Corporation Chief Executive Office Paul Applegarth on the Board's Decision to Approve the First Millennium Challenge Compact with Madagascar, March 14, 2005, htt://www.mca.gov/public_affairs/press_releases/remarks_031405.shtml.
24. Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, 'AGOA's 'Wearing Apparel' Rules of Origin,' http://www.agoa.info/index.php?view=about&story=apparel_rules.
25. Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramanian, 'Why Prospects for Trade Talks are Not Bright,' Finance and Development, Vol. 42, no. 1, March 2005, p. 20.
26. Gary Burtless, Robert Z. Lawrence, Robert E. Litan and Robert J. Shapiro, Globaphobia: Confronting Fears About Open Trade (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998), p. 131.
27. Peter Sutherland et al, The Future of the WTO: Addressing Institutional Challenges in the New Millennium (Geneva: World Trade Organization, 2004), p. 16.
28. Gavin Kitching, Seeking Global Justice through Globalization, p. 290.
29. Jay R. Mandle, Globalization and the Poor, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 49-52.


Everyone recovers differently, but there are a few things to know when you start running after plantar fasciitis. Here's what I learned.
Last week was the first week in a long time that I actually felt like my old running self. I barely noticed my plantar fasciitis, my PT told me I didn't need to come back for needling & scraping, and my legs felt like they actually had pep! I've been getting some questions about my running now that I'm increasing mileage after struggling with plantar fasciitis for months so I wanted to share my experience!
Can I still run if I have plantar fasciitis?
Everyone is different but I found that initially running less helped. Then, not running often enough seemed to hinder my recovery. After an initial period of running less, I started increasing the number of days I ran (while still keeping the daily mileage low), and I started to heal faster. Definitely work with your physical therapist on this decision!!
How can I prevent plantar fasciitis from returning?
Make sure you stay on top of stretching, rolling and improving any muscle imbalances. I learned this the hard way!
How long does plantar fascia take to heal?
Everyone is different. Mine took about 5 months to really go away, but some people only have it for a few weeks. I am still aware of my foot so it's not 100% gone but it's not a constant pain anymore. It probably also depends on how quickly you address the problem (and the root cause) and how soon you start treat it. You can see my post about how I treated plantar fasciitis here.
I've gradually been increasing my mileage over the past few weeks, and my goal is to add a mile to my long run each week, assuming things continue to feel good. Here's what last week looked like!
This run finally felt like fall! 65 degrees and slightly less humid!
This was the first run where I I felt like myself in a LONG time! I think finally having AC back in our bedroom (it was replaced last Tuesday!) is helping me sleep better, which is improving my workouts!
I don't typically do needling and a massage on the same day, but it's just the way it worked out last week. My PT worked on my calf and foot and my massage therapist focused on my back, glutes, and psoas.
I knew this would be a recovery day but decided to see how I felt that morning before I decided if I ran or did the elliptical or just took Maizey on an extra long walk. I felt great when I woke up (thanks to the body work the day before I bet!) so I ran. Plus, the mornings have been so pretty!
We were sent off on our run with such a gorgeous sunrise!
This was my highest weekly mileage since July (when I was running in Utah) and I felt amazing!!!
I'm so happy you've found ways to keep doing your thing even with your injury! This is a great post to motivate those who might be struggling from a sports injury and thinking they can't do anything because of it. My coaches at my gym always encourage us to keep moving in ways that won't upset our injury until it's better because doing something is better than nothing.


text:
Hengoed is an electoral ward for Carmarthenshire County Council and Llanelli Rural Council in Llanelli Rural, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

The ward is to the west of the town of Llanelli. The ward covers the villages of Furnace, Pwll, Sandy and most of the valley of the River Dulais. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 3,745.

Representation
Hengoed was a ward to Llanelli Borough Council from 1973, represented by three borough councillors until the 1987 election, when the representation reduced to two councillors.

Hengoed became an electoral ward to Dyfed County Council, electing a Labour Party councillor Hugh Peregrine at the 1989 and 1993 elections.

Since 1995 Hengoed has been an electoral ward to Carmarthenshire County Council, electing two county councillors, a mixture of Labour Party, Plaid Cymru and People First representatives.

Hengoed is also one of the community wards to Llanelli Rural Council, electing four community councillors.

Labour county and community councillor, Penny Edwards, had been elected as Hengoed county councillor in 2015, following the death of her husband George Edwards. She was subsequently elected to the community council in 2017. She was unable to stand for re-election in May 2022 because of ill health and died a short while afterwards, on 22 May 2022.

Carmarthenshire County Council elections

* retiring councillor in the ward standing for re-election

2017 election
Susan Phillips gained a seat back for Plaid Cymru at this election. She had been the Post Mistress of Pwll Post Office for 15 years and was born and bred in the ward.

2015 by-election
A by election was held following the death of Labour county councillor George Edwards. It was won for Labour by his widow, Penny Edwards.

References

Carmarthenshire electoral wards
Llanelli Rural


Agneepath Trailer Video Download 3GP, MP4, HD MP4, And Watch Agneepath Trailer Video. Agneepath Official Trailer Video Download 3GP, MP4, HD MP4, And Watch Agneepath Official Trailer Video. Deva shree ganesha agneepath full song hd. Chikni chameli agneepath video download mp4, avi 3gp format. Agneepath official theatrical trailer.
Chikni chameli agneepath video download mp4, avi 3gp format. Deva shree Download agneepath official trailer shakib khan, shiba ali khan fan made 2. Operation Agneepath (Teaser Trailer).3gp Video Song, New Bengali HD Video, Full HD Video Song, p Video Song, p Video Song, Album Video. Operation Agneepath (Teaser Trailer) Video Song, New Bengali HD Video, Full HD Video Song, p Video Song, p Video Song, Album Video SOng.
Download 3gp mp4 mobile smartphone videos on Agneepath. Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin - Agneepath Video - 3gp mp4 Download. Film: Agneepath Duration: Race 3 Trailer - Salman Khan Video - 3gp mp4 Download. Motu Patlu New. Action Agneepath Poster · Trailer. | Trailer. 1 VIDEO | IMAGES. A young boy's father is lynched before his eyes; fifteen years later he returns home for. Results 1 - 10 of Talaash, Jannat 2, Agneepath Mp4, Avi Trailer Players 3gp, Mp4, Avi Zara Dil Ko Don 2 3gp, Mp4, Avi ebuddy for java download free. agneepath doregama, agneepath film s for, amitabh bachchan agneepath s, agneepath Nokia amitabh bachchan agneepath s free trailer 3gp full movie. 26 Dec Download: Chikni Chameli Agneepath video song Mono.3gp Free Download Agneepath OFFICIAL Trailer 2 Stereo.3gp Download.
Share Free Love Sms A to Z Sort By New 2 Old Sort By Download Theatrical Trailer New Agneepath. 3gp video songs, telugu mp4 video songs, Teluguwap a2z. File: Agneepath-Theatrical Trailer-Promo.3gp - Size: Mb - Uploaded on: 8th of October - Total Downloads: - Screenshot: file. Ads. Result for operation agneepath bangla movie trailer. image Operation Agneepath Teaser Trailer | Reaction Shakib Khan Shiba | By Stageflix Download Now . Free Download Agneepath (Theatrical Trailer).3gp. [Download File]. Size: ( mb). Downloaded: Times. Related Files. Shakira (No Problem).3gp [ mb] .
Download Free Agneepath Dialogue Hrithik Roshan 3gp Mp4 Mp3 Youtube Videos - laurenmichellestern.com Agneepath (dialogue Trailer) | Sanjay Dutt | Hrithik Roshan. Download free Operation Agneepath Teaser Shakib Khan Shiba Ali Khan Ashiqur 2 7 Youtube Video on many video type quality 3gp Mp4 Flv Webm 2D 3D SD HD DEVIL ডেভিল TRAILER SHAKIB KHAN KOYEL BENGALI MOVIE HD. Tải video new bollywood trailer 3gp Movie and Songs Video Download 3GP, MP4, HD MP4, And Watch new bollywood trailer Agneepath Trailer - Official. 3gp. Download Video AGNEEPATH DIALOGUE TRAILER SANJAY DUTT HRITHIK ROSHAN Mp4 Movie 3GP Download AGNEEPATH DIALOGUE TRAILER.


Council members serve four-year terms and they can be re-elected for unlimited consecutive terms. The next Municipal Election will be held in October 2017. A Councillor must reside within the Division from which they are elected and they must be qualified voters of the Municipality.
The Reeve and Deputy Reeve are elected annually by Council at the Organizational Meeting held each October.
Council Representatives on the slate of Boards and Committees are also appointed at the Organizational Meeting as the positions become vacant. Appointments to the Boards and Committees vary from one to three years.
Under the Alberta Governments Bill 20 (2015) "Municipal Government Amended Act" (One of three new Bills that the Alberta Government has approved in the last three years in order to amend various portions of the MGA) Alberta municipalities will be required to establish, by bylaw, a code of conduct for elected officials. This amendment has been approved but will not come into effect until the adoption of the related regulation – anticipated in the Fall of 2017. However, Foothills County Council decided to adopt a Code of Conduct ahead of the requirement so that it would be in place prior to the elections in the fall. The Code of Conduct that was approved was developed based on a "sample" regulation that was provided by the Province, but it is anticipated that the final regulation will be very similar. If the regulation, once adopted, requires that the current Code be amended the new Council may pass a bylaw amending the Code.


We are still experiencing issues with the above. Timeline on resolution is currently unclear, however, we are working extremely hard to fix this. We will post updates here from time to time until resolved. Thanks.
Service Disruption Update. All issues resolved, BizON marketplace is back to 100% capacity. Thanks for your patience.


Who will win the US Presidential Elections in 2008?
I just published the interpretation of this horary question: Will Hillary Clinton be the next President of the United States?.
And also the answer at this question: Who will be the next US President?
Well, I haven't received the proper horary question on this subject yet, nor I could find one asked to some other astrologer and posted on the internet. So, no prediction yet.
But here's my challenge to you: if you feel involved and stirred by the US 2008 Presidential Elections and feel that you'd really want to know the answer, just send me an email with your question, well phrased, clear and genuine. You may include the date, time and location where you were at the time at deciding to ask me the horary question.
I may also use the moment when your question arrives and my location in order to erect the horary chart and will post the chart delineation here, on this page. Should several such questions arrive, they will be all published here and it'll be quite interesting to try to identify common patterns and differences.
What is the place of free will in horary astrology?
What will happen in 2012? Will the world end?
Will Hillary Clinton be the next President of the United States?
Did Mary Magdalene bare a child fathered by Jesus?
Was September 11 staged by the US Government?
Did the Americans really land on the Moon on 20th July, 1969?
Does intelligent life exist in our galaxy outside planet Earth?
Are extraterrestrial intelligences in visitation of our planet?
Is the Anti Christ coming true?
Shall there come an 'anti-christ' and how will we know him?
Is the Koran indeed the word of God who sent Gabriel to reveal the scriptures to Prophet Mohammad?
Will George W. Bush be sworn in as President of the USA in 2001?
Will Ben Laden be caught and if so when?


The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) and the Office of Apprenticeship (OA) have issued a Request for Information (RFI) from industry intermediaries to support the expansion of apprenticeships in targeted industries. ETA and OA seek to award multiple contracts to assist industries in launching multi-employer apprenticeship models that address the talent needs of those industries and increase the number of Apprenticeship opportunities available nationwide. This effort will help establish approximately 8-10 sector-based intermediaries to serve in a leading role in the Sectors of Excellence in Apprenticeship (SEAs), a new industry-led apprenticeship initiative. Intermediaries will partner with DOL to support employers, consortia of employers, industry associations, joint labor-management organizations, educational institutions, and others in developing and/or expanding Register Apprenticeship programs. Responses to the RFI are due by March 11. The RFI is available on FedBizOpps.


Marc Jacobs Honey Eau de Parfum is a sunny delicious floral - energetic and alluring, with a sparkling, golden touch. The perfect mix of brightness and warmth.
The fragrance energizes with the freshness of green pear brightened with a splash of fruity punch and juicy mandarin. At the heart of the fragrance is orange blossom, a note of sparkling femininity that mingles with nectars of honeysuckle and peach. Honey, vanilla and smooth woods dry down to a warm, golden base.
Eau de Parfum. 1oz / 30ml.