text:
Tag: teshuva
Teshuva: A Letter from Charlotte
It is a day before S'lichot. I live in a country that has done no teshuva, that avoids the consequences of four centuries of white privilege and white power.
On Tuesday, my husband, Ralf, and I left the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, where we both teach. We walked to our car wondering why a helicopter was circling overhead.
On Thursday morning, after two nights of mostly peaceful protest (yes, really), I listened to a well-known, local, liberal white journalist insist to Charlotte's mayor on the radio that videos of the killing of Keith Scott should be released. Why? Because, he suggested, protesters would then see why Scott was shot. If there were "reasons" for the police shooting, protestors would realize they were reacting on the basis of hyped stories, and everything in Charlotte would calm down.
Convenient, isn't it? Convenient not to face the fact that in North Carolina, as in the entire United States, the disenfranchisement and oppression of black America is a daily reality. White and privileged conservatives have made national news by their every effort to gerrymander districts, to limit and restrict black votes. White liberals have, mostly, responded by not responding to the stink of this reality, a stink sadly measured in statistics: Who is being arrested, who is being stopped, who is being killed? Black people. Here and across this nation.
White America should be surprised how little protest it has witnessed. It's nothing. It cannot compare to the violent oppression black America knows every day.
Thursday, on campus, I heard students and faculty decry violent protest. It shouldn't be done that way. Violence only leads to violence, they said. Even black students said this – as if they had to reassure their white colleagues that they knew that there should be well-mannered attempts to be heard by a system that has been, for centuries, deaf and dumb. Black people need to whisper, and politely, too.
It is convenient for white people to insist that black people behave themselves. Frequently this takes the form of referring to Martin Luther King as the ideal role model and depicting the Civil Rights Movement as the appropriate way for a tormented people to clearly, kindly convince white people to be nice.
But to insist that black people make sure not to act too angry, not to reach for rocks or trash cans is the privilege of the powerful. The powerful can and do use the police and the national guard and curfews and the law to make sure that black people are controlled. To make sure their movements are confined. To make sure they can't vote. To make sure…. Shall we count the ways?
This is violence, too. It is widespread, endemic and pernicious. It is a violence inherent in the political, social and economic systems built by a white elite.
My black students tell stories of that violence. Your car breaks down and when the police approach you make sure to move very, very slowly when you get out of the car. Be careful not to drive in late night or early morning hours at all – stay inside and at home lest your actual appearance in the world be regarded as a danger. Make sure to give white people all the space they need to be anxious. Be understanding about their fears, be able to explain why they don't need to fear who you are or what you want from them.
White America has done enough to convince itself that they've done enough. But what has been done is nothing, really.
There has been no teshuva. There has been no constant, clear, precise acknowledgment of this country's past. White people have owned black people. White people have controlled black people. White people do not need for black people to explain why racism is still "a problem." They need a teshuva that will have actual consequences, that will offer genuine reparation, that is widespread, systemic, and institutionalized.
Yesterday I sat with five students in an advanced class on the history of European antisemitism. One white student spoke about the inevitability of Martin Luther King's name coming up in white conversations about black protest, and added, "and they killed him."
Even during that raw, open conversation, I wondered: Were we white people in the room approaching the teshuva we are responsible for wholeheartedly embracing?
Did we even make a start?
Our Parents' Legacies – Our Teshuva
The scene is terrible, traumatic. Jacob is about to deceive his father with his mother's help. Isaac, who can barely see, questions Jacob again and again. Is he really Esau? He doesn't sound like Isaac's eldest son, but he does smell like him, and his hands are hairy, as are Esau's. Despite his doubts, Isaac eats the meal. He gives Jacob the blessing he had intended for his firstborn, beloved child.
Esau returns and discovers his loss. Bitterly, he asks whether Jacob got his name due to his naturally duplicitous nature. Ya'akov comes from a Hebrew root that means 'heel,' but may also describe the worst sort of sneaky behavior – coming up from behind, crushing the enemy under your heel, circumventing, overreaching. Jacob is, means, "crooked." Esau cries out in anguish: "Father, have you no blessing for me?"
The Zohar teaches that when a soul is about to be born, it chooses its parents. And then, the Zohar explains, we are to go through life doing teshuva, facing and resolving not only all our failings from previous lives, but even the failings we experience at the hands of our own mothers and fathers.
Truth has been withheld from Isaac before. Surely, he knew. He asked only one question on that long walk to Mount Moria: "Father, where is the sheep for the burnt offering?"
Isaac is wiser now, more inclined to question when Jacob – or is it Esau? – arrives at his bedside. Who are you? Are you really? How did you manage to return so quickly? Who am I really talking to?
Isaac was just a toddler when his elder brother was banished to the wilderness. Ishmael, like Esau, is described as an active, physically adept man – sturdy and fleet-footed. Ishmael will not be favored. Isaac will inherit.
Does Isaac see his brother in his impulsive elder son? Does Isaac feel compelled to do teshuva for his parents, who arranged Hagar's pregnancy, who are responsible for Ishmael's creation, who later make certain that it is their Isaac, not Abraham's firstborn, Ishmael, that inherits all that his father has?
The child of an alcoholic often grows up to be over-responsible, to assure his or her family's safety. There will not be unpredictable rages, irresponsible behavior. The family's safety will be protected. Teshuva for the neglect of the parent becomes a lifelong – and worthy endeavor. The child who has been abused grows up to the same insistent responsibility: There will not be a repeat; her children will be guarded, cared for. No harm will befall them.
Does Isaac, the pawn in the story of his near-sacrifice – the helpless inheritor of his father's legacy – does this man need to redress the wrong against a brother who did not deserve his secondary status?
Isaac does not succeed. Esau pays the price. But so does Jacob. Jacob, who lies and deceives others will be deceived himself – he will be tricked into marrying the wrong sister, forced to work double time to pay the bride price for the girl he really wanted to marry. Jacob's own sons will deceive their father when he is old, claiming that their brother Joseph died in the desert when they had themselves sold him into slavery. The job of teshuva goes on, and continues, generation after generation.
We are often blind in the face of our own complicated motivations. But Judaism also insists that the world is created anew each day for a reason. We can make up for our parents' mistakes. We can make up for our own. Teshuva, return, is a choice.
May it be our practice.
I Will Lift You Up
Ezra opened the scroll in the sight of all the people,
for he was above all the people; as he opened it,
all the people stood up (Nehemiah 8:5).
Note the "he," please. That's how most folks imagine the ritual of hagbah, lifting the Torah. It's a guy thing, based on a guy story in a mostly guy text.
The first (and only) time I saw a woman perform hagbah, I wanted – immediately and badly – to lift a Torah scroll myself. Lori, after all, was just about my size (very small). If she could do it, I thought, so could I.
Every year, I vowed to do the weight training, strengthen my skinny arms, and lift the Torah. Every year I'd fail to do the training, regret my lack of time and commitment, and renew the vow.
Four years passed. By that time, I'd been diagnosed with osteopenia. I'd been given the wake-up call: Do weight-bearing exercise, take your calcium and magnesium daily, and protect those aging bones.
During those same years, our son, Erik, had been increasingly devoting his exercise regimen to strength training. When I bemoaned my failure to get with any program, he created one specially designed for me (and for hagbah). I need only do four specific exercises two times a week at the gym, increase reps and/or weight as I go and, Erik promised me, I would do hagbah within two months.
I was devoted to the cause. I reported on my progress to my twenty-one year old personal trainer. The ten pounds I could barely move became twenty, thirty, and thirty-five after eight weeks of training. I was pulling up forty percent of my body weight and it was the time of year when the Torah scroll was near center and relatively balanced on both posts. I was ready to give it a try.
"Weak," my husband Ralf pronounced, as my arms shook.
"Wobbly," I agreed.
Hagbah, Ashkenazi style, demands that the congregation see three full columns of Torah. The scroll has to be held high and turned so that everyone in the congregation can see it. Drop the Torah, and everyone present is required to fast during the day for 40 days.
Hagbah is serious business.
I wrote my senior thesis for ordination on hagbah. My teshuva, a response to a halakhic question, began with a true story:
A small community has gathered for a Shabbat service. This morning, the rabbi looks around and notes who is in the room. She knows everyone present – who has back problems and who is in ill health, who is mourning, and who is anticipating a life cycle event. This morning, she sees that not a single Jewish person is present who could take on the mitzvah of hagbah.
There is one man in the room who would certainly do so, if she asked. He is married to a Jewish woman and has raised both his children Jewishly. He has lived Jewishly for two decades. He attends services regularly, prays alongside his Jewish friends and family, and supports the small congregation wholeheartedly. He happens to be one of the most morally upstanding members of the congregation, and the rabbi has long appreciated his ethical sensibilities and calm nature.
Can that man perform the mitzvah of hagbah?
It's a long teshuva, I admit. I wandered through plenty of ancient history and lots of rabbinic writing. In the end, my answer was that halakha permitted the non-Jew to raise the Torah.
The fellow in the story has long since joined the tribe officially. He is one of our regulars where hagbah is concerned, and his way of lifting the scroll is extraordinarily beautiful. He turns with confidence, the scroll held securely and firmly overhead.
Before services last night, I approached him as he and his wife were setting up for oneg.
"Steve," I said, "I need help with hagbah."
He gestured to his clothing. "I didn't really dress for it," he said.
"Well actually," I said, "I need you to be right there when I do it so if I lose the Torah you can catch it! But it's a secret," I said quickly. "I want to surprise everyone."
Steve grinned. "You're going to do it?" he asked.
"If I feel I can, I will try," I said.
Before hagbah, I told my congregation about the way I teach this portion of the service to our bar- and bat-mitzvah students. I let them know that the one prayer they can sing with a leetle more speed at their service is the one we sing when the Torah is raised (v'zot). "Be kind to the person doing hagbah," I say, "and don't chant too slowly."
I asked my congregation to be bar- and bat-mitzvah students that night. "Stand," I said, "when the Torah is raised and feel free to sing that prayer at a nice pace."
I saw a long-standing member whisper to our temple administrator. Both women knew about my goal. I could practically hear the question: "Is she going to try it?"
I gripped the posts. I told myself that my earlier attempt that same afternoon was mere rehearsal. This was for real. I needed to brace myself and be tough. "I will lift you up," I thought to myself.
I wanted everyone to see that a woman could be strong enough for hagbah. The Torah is the repository of gorgeous and frightening stories, loving and harsh law, enigmatic and revelatory narratives. When we lift the Torah, we honor and recognize that we humans are those self-same things – beautiful and scary, tender and cruel. We are carriers of secrets and capable of bringing light. Our Torah is our mirror, and to look into it is to look into ourselves.
Black fire on white fire, so the Talmud says. And all colors in between, I think.
"I will lift you up," I thought.
To see another woman performing hagbah, check out the video on the page below:
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/texts/Liturgy_and_Prayers/Siddur_Prayer_Book/Torah_Service/hagbah_gelilah.shtml
Until the Heart Breaks
When I was a child I sang in the synagogue choir,
I sang until my voice broke. I sang
first voice and second voice. I'll sing
Until my heart breaks, first heart and second heart.
A psalm.
What do we long for? For connection. For safety. For love.
Why do we sing? Because we hope.
Tonight, Yom Kippur begins, and with it, a day when we sing from the midst of our broken hearts.
We have accrued dross and weight that is unbearable – how can we throw off the miseries we experienced – much less committed this past year? How can we forgive ourselves, feel we have the right and the chance to try again, to start again, to believe again? Teshuva, return — we pray for it.
From the depths we must call out, from the knowledge and the full recognition of our failings. There must be a way to waken, to see the world clearly. We belong to this world.
More importantly, the world belongs to us. We are responsible.
When has night given way to morning? The rabbis say: When you look into the face of the person who is beside you and you can see that this person is your brother or your sister, then the night has ended.
When you have learned that everyone is particular and yet connected to the source of life itself, to the earth we live on, to the people who share it with us, the morning has begun.
May I sing the song of my people with commitment and joy. First voice.
May I sing the song of humanity with hope. Second voice.
May I sing all things divine, for they are everywhere around me, in the faces of those who walk beside me, in the souls of those I do not know, in the footprints of the creatures who hide in the trees.
I'll sing until my heart breaks.


text:
module XMonad.Prompt.Pass
    ( -- * Usage
      -- $usage

      -- * Retrieving passwords
      passPrompt
    , passPrompt'
    , passTypePrompt

      -- * Editing passwords
    , passEditPrompt
    , passEditPrompt'
    , passRemovePrompt
    , passRemovePrompt'
    , passGeneratePrompt
    , passGeneratePrompt'
    , passGenerateAndCopyPrompt
    , passGenerateAndCopyPrompt'

      -- * Misc
    , passOTPPrompt
    ) where

import System.Directory (getHomeDirectory)
import System.FilePath (combine, dropExtension, takeExtension)
import System.Posix.Env (getEnv)
import XMonad.Core
import XMonad.Prompt ( XPrompt
                     , showXPrompt
                     , commandToComplete
                     , nextCompletion
                     , getNextCompletion
                     , XPConfig
                     , mkXPrompt
                     , searchPredicate)
import XMonad.Util.Run (runProcessWithInput)

-- $usage
-- You can use this module with the following in your @~\/.xmonad\/xmonad.hs@:
--
-- > import XMonad.Prompt.Pass
--
-- Then add a keybinding for 'passPrompt', 'passGeneratePrompt',
-- 'passRemovePrompt', 'passEditPrompt' or 'passTypePrompt':
--
-- >   , ((modMask , xK_p)                              , passPrompt def)
-- >   , ((modMask .|. controlMask, xK_p)               , passGeneratePrompt def)
-- >   , ((modMask .|. shiftMask, xK_p)                 , passEditPrompt def)
-- >   , ((modMask .|. controlMask  .|. shiftMask, xK_p), passRemovePrompt def)
--
-- You can also use the versions that let you specify a custom prompt:
--
-- >   , ((modMask , xK_p)                              , passPrompt' "Ask 'pass' for" def)
--
-- Note that, by default, we do not use fuzzy matching in this module.
-- To enable this feature, import the "XMonad.Prompt.FuzzyMatch" module
-- and add the relevant functions to your prompt configuration:
--
-- > myXPConfig :: XPConfig
-- > myXPConfig = def
-- >   { searchPredicate = fuzzyMatch
-- >   , sorter          = fuzzySort
-- >   }
-- >
-- > , ((modMask , xK_p), passPrompt myXPConfig)
--
-- For detailed instructions on:
--
-- - editing your key bindings, see <https://xmonad.org/TUTORIAL.html#customizing-xmonad the tutorial>.
--
-- - how to setup the password store, see <http://git.zx2c4.com/password-store/about/>
--   or @man 1 pass@.
--

type Predicate = String -> String -> Bool

getPassCompl :: [String] -> Predicate -> String -> IO [String]
getPassCompl compls p s = return $ filter (p s) compls

type PromptLabel = String

newtype Pass = Pass PromptLabel

instance XPrompt Pass where
  showXPrompt       (Pass prompt) = prompt ++ ": "
  commandToComplete _ c           = c
  nextCompletion      _           = getNextCompletion

-- | Default password store folder in @$HOME/.password-store@.
--
passwordStoreFolderDefault :: String -> String
passwordStoreFolderDefault home = combine home ".password-store"

-- | Compute the password store's location.
-- Use the @$PASSWORD_STORE_DIR@ environment variable to set the password store.
-- If empty, return the password store located in user's home.
--
passwordStoreFolder :: IO String
passwordStoreFolder =
  getEnv "PASSWORD_STORE_DIR" >>= computePasswordStoreDir
  where computePasswordStoreDir Nothing         = fmap passwordStoreFolderDefault getHomeDirectory
        computePasswordStoreDir (Just storeDir) = return storeDir

-- | A pass prompt factory.
--
mkPassPrompt :: PromptLabel -> (String -> X ()) -> XPConfig -> X ()
mkPassPrompt promptLabel passwordFunction xpconfig = do
  passwords <- io (passwordStoreFolder >>= getPasswords)
  mkXPrompt (Pass promptLabel) xpconfig (getPassCompl passwords $ searchPredicate xpconfig) passwordFunction

-- | A prompt to retrieve a password from a given entry.
--
passPrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passPrompt = passPrompt' "Select password"

-- | The same as 'passPrompt' but with a user-specified prompt.
passPrompt' :: String -> XPConfig -> X ()
passPrompt' s = mkPassPrompt s selectPassword

-- | A prompt to retrieve a OTP from a given entry.  Note that you will
-- need to use the <https://github.com/tadfisher/pass-otp pass-otp>
-- extension for this to work.
--
passOTPPrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passOTPPrompt = mkPassPrompt "Select OTP" selectOTP

-- | A prompt to generate a password for a given entry.
-- This can be used to override an already stored entry.
-- (Beware that no confirmation is asked)
--
passGeneratePrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passGeneratePrompt = passGeneratePrompt' "Generate password"

-- | The same as 'passGeneratePrompt' but with a user-specified prompt.
passGeneratePrompt' :: String -> XPConfig -> X ()
passGeneratePrompt' s = mkPassPrompt s generatePassword

-- | A prompt to generate a password for a given entry and immediately copy it
-- to the clipboard.  This can be used to override an already stored entry.
-- (Beware that no confirmation is asked)
--
passGenerateAndCopyPrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passGenerateAndCopyPrompt = passGenerateAndCopyPrompt' "Generate and copy password"

-- | The same as 'passGenerateAndCopyPrompt' but with a user-specified prompt.
passGenerateAndCopyPrompt' :: String -> XPConfig -> X ()
passGenerateAndCopyPrompt' s = mkPassPrompt s generateAndCopyPassword

-- | A prompt to remove a password for a given entry.
-- (Beware that no confirmation is asked)
--
passRemovePrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passRemovePrompt = passRemovePrompt' "Remove password"

-- | The same as 'passRemovePrompt' but with a user-specified prompt.
passRemovePrompt' :: String -> XPConfig -> X ()
passRemovePrompt' s = mkPassPrompt s removePassword

-- | A prompt to type in a password for a given entry.
-- This doesn't touch the clipboard.
--
passTypePrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passTypePrompt = mkPassPrompt "Type password" typePassword

-- | A prompt to edit a given entry.
-- This doesn't touch the clipboard.
--
passEditPrompt :: XPConfig -> X ()
passEditPrompt = passEditPrompt' "Edit password"

-- | The same as 'passEditPrompt' but with a user-specified prompt.
passEditPrompt' :: String -> XPConfig -> X ()
passEditPrompt' s = mkPassPrompt s editPassword

-- | Select a password.
--
selectPassword :: String -> X ()
selectPassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass --clip \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\""

-- | Select an OTP.
--
selectOTP :: String -> X ()
selectOTP passLabel = spawn $ "pass otp --clip \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\""

-- | Generate a 30 characters password for a given entry.
-- If the entry already exists, it is updated with a new password.
--
generatePassword :: String -> X ()
generatePassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass generate --force \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\" 30"

-- | Generate a 30 characters password for a given entry.
-- If the entry already exists, it is updated with a new password.
-- After generating the password, it is copied to the clipboard.
--
generateAndCopyPassword :: String -> X ()
generateAndCopyPassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass generate --force -c \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\" 30"

-- | Remove a password stored for a given entry.
--
removePassword :: String -> X ()
removePassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass rm --force \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\""

-- | Edit a password stored for a given entry.
--
editPassword :: String -> X ()
editPassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass edit \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel ++ "\""

-- | Type a password stored for a given entry using xdotool.
--
typePassword :: String -> X ()
typePassword passLabel = spawn $ "pass \"" ++ escapeQuote passLabel
  ++ "\"|head -n1|tr -d '\n'|xdotool type --clearmodifiers --file -"

escapeQuote :: String -> String
escapeQuote = concatMap escape
  where escape :: Char -> String
        escape '"' = "\\\""
        escape x   = [x]

-- | Retrieve the list of passwords from the password store 'passwordStoreDir'
--
getPasswords :: FilePath -> IO [String]
getPasswords passwordStoreDir = do
  files <- runProcessWithInput "find" [
    "-L", -- Traverse symlinks
    passwordStoreDir,
    "-type", "f",
    "-name", "*.gpg",
    "-printf", "%P\n"] []
  return . map removeGpgExtension $ lines files

removeGpgExtension :: String -> String
removeGpgExtension file | takeExtension file == ".gpg" = dropExtension file
                        | otherwise                    = file

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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How do I apply for a Private Investigation / Polygraph license?
Once you have completed the pre-licensing coursework and requirements you can apply for a license. Please click the following link, CORE.
View a video demonstration on how to create an account.
View a video demonstration on how to apply for a license online (after your account has been created).


Should you look for a soulmate in the street or on the internet?
Today, single people have an array of opportunities at their disposal. Search for a soulmate online using apps, sites, forums or social networks. Alternatively, try the old-school way of dating. Your grandparents probably met each other before the digital age, and they might have done so through mutual connections. Despite the ubiquity of the internet, humans may still meet their future spouses in the street. So, which of the methods should you opt for? Here are the pros and cons of each.
You have no concerns about the accuracy of profile information and photos, as the person is right there in front of you.
You may determine the presence of chemistry sooner, as you can read their body language or simply ask.
You may have mutual friends who will make you more feel more comfortable when you meet.
If you decide to date in groups, you may develop new friendships in the process.
You may ask others for some background information about the person before you approach them.
You may be unsure of the person's relationship status unless others tell you or act as matchmakers.
You may be unsure if they have any romantic interest in you.
Your choice is limited by your social circles and activities. Overall, you meet fewer people.
Your choice is limited geographically unless you meet people coming for special occasions.
Singles may feel awkward making an invitation to a date.
Social media, dating sites, and apps instantly connect you to millions of single people.
There are plenty of real success stories. On average, every fifth relationship starts online.
You can easily reach people outside your area or social circle. Along the way, you will discover what you are truly seeking in a relationship.
Specialized sites may use various tools to suggest potential matches.
Online dating tools are efficient and available 24/7.
It can grow tiring, given the sheer number of people online. Sometimes it feels like searching for a needle in a haystack.
You cannot take anything on faith. On the internet, people lie about their appearance, income, and, unfortunately, marital status. This may get frustrating.
Like Facebook, these sites and apps may be addictive and make you hooked on constant swiping.
Many people are nit-picky, restricting their search to a certain height or zip code.
Without proper organization, the process may feel like a full-time job.
Overall, both options have their benefits. If you are pushed for time or feel uncomfortable chatting up strangers in bars, online dating is preferable. Here, your choice is restricted neither socially nor geographically. Who knows, maybe your soulmate lives on another continent! It is estimated that at least 40 million singles in the U.S.A. have tried it, and these numbers are only growing. You may personally know couples who have met online and can share their success stories.


text:
August 19, 2021 by Gary Price
The World's Best New Public Library: IFLA's Public Library of the Year Award Goes to Deichman Bjørvika/Oslo Public Library in Norway
From the International Federation of Library Associations:
It all started with an endowment of 6,000 books in 1785. Today, Deichman Bjørvika in Oslo has been named as the world's best new public library.When the Norwegian Chancellor and businessman Carl Deichman bequeathed his collection of 6,000 books to the citizens of Christiania (now Oslo) in 1785, he could hardly have imagined that – 216 years later – his legacy would have become a unique public library on six storeys centred around an automatic book-sorting system. Had he lived today, he would have been thrilled to see that his bequest became the foundation for the world's best new public library in 2021. The Public Library of the Year award is presented annually by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in collaboration with the Danish software company Systematic A/S, which also sponsors the award with a USD 5,000 prize. This year, 32 libraries competed for the award, five were nominated and the winner, Deichman Bjørvika in Oslo, was announced on 19 August at the IFLA World Library and International Congress, where IFLA President Christine Mackenzie presented the award.
On the choice of Deichman Bjørvika, jury chair Jakob Lærkes said:
"The Public Library of the Year award is all about paying tribute to role models, and the winning library – Deichman Bjørvika – is a shining example. A beautiful and impressive building which serves as a beacon for future library buildings. Deichman Bjørvika more than lives up to the criteria for the award, and the international jury was particularly impressed by how the building combines environmental awareness with architectural flair. The library is a new paradise for books and reading, while incorporating advanced technological solutions. Deichman Bjørvika shows how libraries can function as institutions that bring people together in towns, cities and local communities."
[Clip]
The building is situated on Oslo's harbour front between Oslo Central Station and Oslo Opera House. The library was designed by two collaborating architectural firms Atelier Oslo and Lund Hagem, who were commissioned to design a building that would inspire visitors to explore all the new facilities and activities on offer.
Santi Romero Garuz, jury member and head of library architecture at Diputació de Barcelona, Spain, highlights the high degree of user-friendliness and the future perspectives of the building as two of the main reasons why Deichman Bjørvika was selected as the award-winner.
"Over and above its spectacular design housing modern technological solutions, the choice of materials, energy solutions and the multifunctional rooms testify to the fact that the library has been built with an eye for sustainability – and the future," he said.
Deichman Bjørvika – facts
Deichman Bjørvika has 13,500 square metres of floorspace spread across six storeys which are all dedicated to different kinds of learning.
The library has about 450,000 different materials, the bulk being available to borrowers via a self-service system.
The first floor is the busiest, with a restaurant, café, information desk and the fully integrated lending machines. The floor below houses a cinema and an auditorium.
The second floor is designed for young children, who can listen, read and romp about in the magic dungeons and playroom. The third floor is home to 'the people's workshop', where it's possible to engage in creative pursuits with everything from 3D printers and sewing machines to music and sound studios.
Everything becomes quieter as you move upwards through the library. The fourth and fifth floors are arranged with reading rooms and study rooms, carrels and classrooms, and where, in addition to quiet contemplation, it's possible to take in the magnificent views of Oslo Fjord and the city.
IFLA/Systematic Public Library of the Year award – facts
The World's Best New Public Library
The Public Library of the Year award is presented by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in collaboration with the Danish software company Systematic A/S with the aim of paying tribute to new public libraries.
The award is presented to a library in any country worldwide which has excelled at combining open and functional architecture with creative IT solutions while at the same time involving digital technologies and local culture.
To qualify for the award, the library must be newly built or housed in buildings which have not previously been used as a library.
The award ceremony takes place at IFLA's annual congress, which this year was held virtually. The award comes with prize money of USD 5,000 (almost DKK 32,000/EUR 4,200), which is sponsored by Systematic.
Learn More, Read the Complete Announcement
Direct to Deichman Bjørvika Website
See Also: Five Innovative Libraries Nominated for IFLA's Public Library of the Year Award 2021
See Also: Oslo's New Main Library Opens This Week (June 14, 2020)
Many photos.
Take a Tour of the Library (in Norwegian with English Subtitles)
Filed under: Associations and Organizations, Awards, Libraries, News, Public Libraries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A private day school in downtown Chicago makes the most of its park-side southern exposure to bring light into the building.
A bold curtain wall of glass and metal panels gives this mid-rise building a sense of verticality among high-rises.
A setback at the fifth floor breaks up the mass and provides a terrace for the dining hall. The school faces the Lakeshore East Park where one entrance is located; the other occurs on an upper pedestrian plaza to the north.
The generous use of glass on the north wall displays the stairs on this side of the school.
Common areas share a consistent design vocabulary, including walls clad in rift-cut white oak, and the manipulation of the ceiling planes, as in the lobby and the library.
Brightly colored alcoves with benches and work surfaces turn single-loaded corridors into ad hoc gathering and learning spaces.
Classrooms maintain the color palette.
On the rooftop playground students enjoy sunshine, fresh air, and exercise amid panoramic views of Chicago's skyscrapers.
How do you give civic scale and stature to a mid-rise school in a high-rise context? This was one of the challenges faced by bKL Architecture in designing the new lower school of GEMS World Academy in Chicago.
Lakeshore East, a 28-acre mixed-use planned community east of the city's downtown Loop and north of the new Maggie Daley Park (record, October 2015, page 78) is the home of two local landmarks: the 82-floor Aqua hotel and apartment tower (Studio Gang, record, May 2010, page 60), with undulating concrete balconies, and Harbor Point (Solomon Cordwell Buenz, 1972), with 54 floors of curved black curtain wall. These will soon be joined by Wanda Vista (Studio Gang again), a sinuous 93-story skyscraper of light, faceted glass shafts for residences and a hotel. The area's centerpiece is the lush 6-acre Park at Lakeshore East designed by James Burnett. Despite topping out at a modest 10 stories, the GEMS School—the new kid on the block—holds its own by enhancing the park's northern edge and giving the neighborhood another kind of eye-catching architecture.
Global Education Management Systems or GEMS, an international network of private K–12 day schools, is making its U.S. debut with the Chicago campus, which opened in September 2014. While tuition is high (about $28,000 to $35,000 annually), the school plans to attract a diverse student body, thanks to a generous financial-aid program. The 83,000-square-foot lower school accommodates 650 students (preK–8) and will share amenities with the institution's upper school, soon due to begin construction on an adjacent property.
A site of only 9,500 square feet led the architects to stack the program vertically. "The lowest four floors abut existing buildings and have only one exposure," notes bKL principal Tom Kerwin. "Fortunately, the building faces south. We quickly realized the learning spaces must be organized along this face to take advantage of the natural light and views." And so emerged a parti, with circulation placed on the north and classrooms and common areas on the south.
A complex site section—due to multilevel Wacker Drive along the Chicago River—resulted in two entry levels, one off the park to the south and another off an upper pedestrian plaza (corresponding to the fifth floor) to the north, which will also provide an outdoor link to the upper school. The first level of an adjacent parking garage helps provide a secure drop-off and pick-up area, used by a majority of students.
The school's concrete structure, which allows higher ceilings and good acoustical isolation for noisy spaces such as the gym and music room, is enclosed by a vertically syncopated curtain wall of glass and brightly colored metal panels. The antic boldness and linear rhythm prevent the school from appearing dwarfed by the much taller and more sober towers nearby. The result is a handsome backdrop for the park and a civic focal point for the neighborhood.
The generous reliance on glass gives the south-facing classrooms, library, dining room, and gymnasium abundant light and panoramic vistas. Even the stairs—on all but the lowest levels—have oversize windows and views, prompting students to use them rather than the elevators. Landscaped setbacks provide a terrace on the fifth floor—which also breaks up the mass—and a rooftop playground on the tenth floor.
The classrooms are all that tech-savvy students and teachers might want in a thoughtfully designed—and well-funded—new school. Each typically incorporates two LCDs with software applications that allow iPad-wielding students to use Web-based communication such as Skype to connect with other classrooms and with other GEMS schools around the world.
Common areas are generously scaled and nicely detailed. The dining hall on level five, finished in rift-cut white oak and colored tiles, opens to a terrace running the full length of the building and has tables with marker-board tops, so kids are encouraged to take notes and doodle over lunch. The gymnasium has windows of fritted glass for light control. The library, imagined as a sky garden, has a palette of bright colors and a ceiling of white hexagonal panels arranged to suggest clouds.
MEP/FP Engineer: WMA Consulting Engineers, Ltd.
Landscape: Wolff Landscape Architecture, Inc.
Life Safety Consultant: Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc.
Owner's Representative: Arcadis U.S., Inc.
Metal/glass curtain wall: Harmon Inc.
James Gauer, an architect and author based in Victoria, B.C.; Chicago; and San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, contributes regularly to RECORD.


Origami Necktie, Paper Crane Tie - Orizuru. (折鶴 ori- "folded," tsuru "crane"). Japanese paper-folding instructions necktie.
Learn the latter portion of making a crane just by looking at your tie! A symbol of happiness, peace long-life and good luck, the crane is often considered the most classic of all Japanese origami.
Shown first: Dark gray on silver; dark gray on champagne. Hand-screenprinted in our Detroit Studio. Many more colors available!


text:
Home Page ContentPress Releases S&T Iskratel and AVM achieve interoperability of their flagship XGS-PON products
S&T Iskratel and AVM achieve interoperability of their flagship XGS-PON products
by Anthony Weaver December 9, 2022
Fruitful cooperation of the two leading European providers efficiently addresses the needs of German operators for open fibre-optic solutions
Kranj, Slovenia, and Berlin, Germany, 6 December 2022 – S&T Iskratel, the leading European broadband-solutions provider, and AVM, one of Europe's leading manufacturers of products for broadband connections and the digital home, today announced they have successfully achieved interoperability of S&T Iskratel's XGS-PON Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) with AVM's FRITZ!Box, an integrated access device with built-in XGS-PON frontend.
The two major European vendors joined forces again with their flagship XGS-PON products, S&T Iskratel's Iskratel Lumia C16 and AVM's FRITZ!Box 5530. This follows the two companies' previous successful interoperability announcements, such as GPON interoperability in 2019.
Iskratel Lumia C16 is a compact 16-port Combo PON OLT, able to serve up to 4,096 users over XGS-PON. Its record-low energy consumption helps operators cut energy bills, implement their sustainability strategy and reduce their impact on the environment. The unique dual nature of Iskratel Lumia C16 facilitates a controlled and cost-effective virtualisation. It allows operators to skip hardware-upgrade cycles which slashes their capex and delivers the lowest possible five-year TCO, resulting in cost savings from 30% to 70%. Iskratel Lumia C16's industry-leading temperature range from –40 °C to +65 °C makes it deployable at central office and in less controlled remote locations such as street cabinets.
FRITZ!Box 5530 Fiber integrates a router and a fibre optic modem (Optical Network Terminal) as a combined device and is connected directly to the optical fibres. This saves electricity and ensures easy and convenient operation. Internet, Wi-Fi, streaming, telephony, Smart Home and much more – FRITZ!Box Fiber is the perfect choice for all fibre connection types. The BBF.247 certification for XGS-PON fibre optic technology and the certification from the Broadband Forum (BBF) for GPON technology confirm the conformity with important standards and thus the smooth operation of FRITZ!Box in the different fibre optic networks.
Dr Mitja Golja, S&T Iskratel's Director of Business Development at Business Unit Broadband, said: "Our superior fibre-access platform repeatedly proves its versatility to operate with leading ONTs in the market. The interoperability with AVM is another milestone in providing an open portfolio that fits the needs of fibre-optic providers in Germany."
Henning Kroll, AVM's Product Manager Fiber Optics, adds: "With the FRITZ!Box 5530 Fiber, providers can offer customers a product directly at the connection that is easy for users to operate and enables a range of services such as streaming, cloud gaming, VPN, data transfer, telephony and Smart Home to be integrated and scaled as desired. The BBF.247 certification from the international Broadband Forum confirms seamless deployment for high-performance fibre optic networks."
More information on the companies' interoperable XGS-PON portfolio is available at S&T Iskratel and AVM webpages, or at Connected Germany 2022, which takes place at Mainz Congress from 6th to 7th December 2022 in Mainz, Germany.
About S&T Iskratel
With 75 years of experience, S&T Iskratel is the leading European provider of smart, safe and sustainable solutions for a better-connected world. Formerly known as Iskratel, the member of Kontron Group nurtures its own development and manufacturing centres, including at the headquarters in Kranj, Slovenia. More than a thousand employees develop high-quality products and support customers in over fifty countries worldwide. Dedicated to drive sustainable progress of society and improve quality of people's lives, S&T Iskratel delivers broadband solutions that continuously reduce operators' environmental impact and energy consumption.
Press contact: pr@snt-iskratel.si. More info at www.snt-iskratel.com.
About AVM
AVM is one of Europe's leading manufacturers of products for broadband connections and the digital home. FRITZ! brand products are easy to use for everyone. They enable fast internet access, easy networking, convenient telephony and versatile Smart Home applications. The FRITZ!OS software regularly offers new features and keeps all FRITZ! products up-to-date and secure. Since starting out in Berlin in 1986, AVM has focused on developing innovative in-house products.
More info at en.avm.de.
Lumera selected by HAYAH to deliver fully digitalized insurance platform
Qualcomm Announces Long-Range Compact Macro Platform for Cost-Effective Outdoor mmWave Deployments
Zain Saudi Arabia launches hi-speed 4G wireless...
Alcatel-Lucent and Korea's KT sign collaboration agreement...
Vodafone Ireland Adds Trend Micro to Business...


text:
Solano County Superior Court"s drug offender…
Solano County Superior Court"s drug offender diversion program costs far less than imprisonment
By Tony Burchyns |
PUBLISHED: June 11, 2011 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: August 29, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
FAIRFIELD — They started doing drugs at ages 11, 13, 14, 24 and 40.
But Friday was the day they hoped to start new lives.
"It"s been a long hard road to get here," 53-year-old Michael Turner, of Sacramento, said as he and four other non-violent drug offenders received medals and sobriety chips, surrounded by friends and family.
"It"s one of the most important accomplishments in my life," the Vacaville native added.
The group was recognized in Solano County Superior Court Dept. 14 Judge Garry Ichikawa"s courtroom for successfully completing the Adult Drug Court program.
The intensive, last-resort treatment program is meant to keep addicts in treatment who"d otherwise face prison terms.
It"s as much about saving money as it is overcoming addiction. Each success story represents savings of more than $30,000 to the criminal justice system, according to the Solano County Superior Court.
"We save lots of money by treating drug addiction, but the real benefit to the community is the return of a productive person," said Ichikawa, who presides over the program.
"The citizens of Solano County should be proud of the county government for working so hard to make this happen," Ichikawa said.
Offenders in the program are offered a clear choice: Go to treatment or go to jail or state prison. In exchange for completing the 12- to 18-month program, the court may dismiss the original charge, terminate probation early or reduce a felony drug charge to a misdemeanor.
Others completing the program Friday were Margaret Dobrec, 55, of Stockton; Rudy Gonzalez, 35, of Fairfield; Jay Matthews, 49, of Vallejo; and Allen Turner, 31, of Vallejo.
"It"s a great program. I wouldn"t be where I am today without it," said Gonzalez, who said he started snorting meth at 24 and smoking it a year later.
Solano County re-established the drug court in 2007 with funding from a state grant, case manager Rich Roesler said. A federal grant has expanded services to include providing county mental health treatment.
But the program"s $185,000 budget, which covers Roesler"s salary, probation department resources and other expenses is set to run out by year"s end, Roesler said.
Meanwhile, 26 addicts are still getting treatment while future funding is up in the air because of the state"s budget crisis, Roesler said.
Future funding decisions also could fall to the Solano County Board of Supervisors, if state lawmakers return some services to the local level, he added.
Those completing the program said they benefited from extra time with counselors to overcome addictions to methamphetamine and other drugs.
Allen Turner, who"s not related to Michael Turner, said he was provided with anger management instruction in addition to the 12-step program. He added he"s a single father who wanted to fight to be in his child"s life after abusing marijuana, alcohol and ecstasy.
"It taught me how to deal with anger and resentment," said Allen Turner. "It changed that whole aspect of my life."
Contact staff writer Tony Burchyns at tburchyns@timesheraldonline.com or (707) 553-6831.
Tony Burchyns


text:
var database = require('../database/db');
var promise = require('bluebird');
var password = require('../utils/passwords');
var User = require('../models/User');

module.exports = {
	getAllUsers: getAllUsers,
	getUser: getUser,
	createUser: createUser
};

var db = database.getDB();

function getAllUsers(req, res, next) {
	db.any('select * from users')
		.then(function(data) {
			res.status(200)
				.json({
					status: 'success',
					data: data,
					message: 'All Users Retrieved'
				});
		})
		.catch(function(err) {
			return next(err);
		});
}

function getUser(req, res, next) {
	var userID = parseInt(req.params.id);
	db.one('select * from users where id = $1', userID)
		.then(function(data) {
			res.status(200)
				.json({
					status: 'success',
					data: data,
					message: 'Retrieved user'
				});
		})
		.catch(function(err) {
			return next(err);
		});
}

function createUser(req, res, next) {
	console.log("INCOMING REQUEST >> " + JSON.stringify(req.body));
	var user = new User();
	user.first_name = req.body.first_name;
	user.last_name = req.body.last_name;
	user.nick_name = req.body.nick_name;
	user.avatar = req.body.avatar;
	user.company = req.body.company;
	user.phone = req.body.phone;
	user.title = req.body.title;
	user.email = req.body.email;
	user.password = req.body.password;
	user.role = req.body.role;

	user.save(function(err, success) {
		if (err) return next(err);
		res.status(200).json({
			status: 'success',
			data: "User " + user.first_name + " " + user.last_name +  " created!",
			message: 'User Created'
		});
	});
}


text:
Rhabdomastax is een geslacht van rechtvleugeligen uit de familie Episactidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van dit geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1969 door Descamps.

Soorten
Het geslacht Rhabdomastax omvat de volgende soorten:
Rhabdomastax blanci Descamps, 1969
Rhabdomastax cornuta Descamps, 1965
Rhabdomastax spinulosa Descamps, 1965
Rhabdomastax tenuis Descamps, 1974

Episactidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Dorling Kindersley Handbook to Reptiles and Amphibians
Home » Dorling Kindersley Handbook to Reptiles and Amphibians
Dorling Kindersley Handbook
Mark O'Shea & Tim Halliday
click on the cover to enlarge
BRAND NEW PRINTING
BRAND NEW PRICE
WAS £12.99, NOW ONLY £9.99
over 400 species accounts
over 600 full colour photographs
Publisher's synopsis: A visual recognition guide to over 400 species of reptiles and amphibians from around the world, this reference is packed with over 600 photographs and maps with precise annotation to make identification sure and simple. Concise and jargon-free text pinpoints the key characteristics of each specimen and provides quick, accessible information. Each entry in the guide combines a precise description with fully annotated photographs to highlight the chief characteristics and distinguishing features of each spcies. A comprehensive introduction describes the anatomy, lifecycle and behaviour of the major groups of reptiles and amphibians, while the initial stages of identification are made straightforward by a clear visual key. Each entry is also accompanied by a map showing the geographical distribution of the species while the text and colour-coded bands give the internationally scientific name and provde at-a-glance information on size, diet, habitat, reproduction and population status. A concise glossary explains all technical and scientific terms used.
Previous UK edition
(now out of print)
American English and Foreign Language Editions
(note: only the UK edition is available from this website)
Dorling Kindersley US edition & Smithsonian edition
French, German & Italian editions
Norwegian, Spanish & Hungarian editions
Japanese, Cantonese Chinese & Mandarin Chinese editions


Everyone wants free FIFA 19 coins and points on Ultimate Team, but no one wants to spend any real money. How to handle this situation with the FIFA 19 hack?
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Every year the same…your player and team is gone and you have to start all over again on Ultimate Team. This can be really annoying and also extremely expensive. So many gamer worldwide are spending their hard-earned money just for FIFA 19 coins and points. While there are many people, which are completely desperate of getting good player, there are some which just spend lots of money in order to get them. These days FIFA doesn't require any skills anymore. If you got great player you will succeed. This is how it goes today. That is even better for you, because you can get the FIFA 19 coin generator and run it for yourself. A few minutes are necessary to run it on your computer, smartphone or directly on your gaming console. Normally the FIFA 19 coin generator is available in many different languages including german, french and also dutch. Especially in Europe the people are crazy about FIFA and the game. Every year before its release the people are going nuts.
After they spent hundreds of Euro they will also go nuts, but in a different way. Lots of money, lots of packs but only a few or no great player. Never ever expect Pele, Messi or Ronaldo. You are more likely to get average player and also lots of "rare" Items like player contracts. Don't go after this method by spending real money for FIFA Points. Instead learn how to run the FIFA 19 coins hack, which will make you save lots of time. Trading is not an opportunity anymore since the price range. Also buying coins is more harm than charm on your account. Basically EA wants you to spend all the money on their FIFA Points. This is over from now on, because running the FIFA 19 coins hack is much easier in recent days. Simply check out the YouTube or Facebook page.
Take a look and start generating free FIFA 19 coins and points directly on your PC, Xbox or PlayStation. It also works on the Nintendo Switch and smartphones since the latest update. Have fun!


text:
Q: How to find calculations of 2D string arrays in double format C#? I have a Console Application in C# that allows a user to input 5 days of the week and then 5 numerical values corresponding with the days in a single 2D array.
The array is in string format so I tried to Parse the second half of the string data and produce a sum of them but it says my index is out of bounds, any ideas?
Code posted below:
//Ask the user to enter five days of the week and rainfall data for each day

double rainsum = 0;

Console.WriteLine("Please enter 5 days of the week.");

//Store the data in a two dimensional string array named rainfallData[]
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
  for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
  {
    rainfallData[i, j] = Console.ReadLine();
  }
  if (i == 0)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Please enter the corresponding rain data.");
  }
}

Console.WriteLine("Data placed in raindallData[] array.");

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
  Console.WriteLine();
  for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("rainfallData({0},{1})={2}", i, j, rainfallData[i, j]);
  }
}

//Use iteration to calculate the following from the values in rainfallData[]:
//a) sum
Console.Write("Data values calculated using iteration. \n a) Sum of rainfallData[] = ");
for (int i = 1; i < rainfallData.Length; i++)
{
  Console.WriteLine();
  for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
  {
    rainsum += double.Parse(rainfallData[i, j]);
  }
}
Console.WriteLine(rainsum);

//End Program
Console.ReadKey(true);

A: Your problem is that rainfallData.Length refers to the number of items in the 2d array - in your case this is 2 x 5 = 10, but you were putting that index in the first dimension and causing the out of bound error.
If I were you I would have started my code like this:
int columns = 2;
int days = 5;

string [,] rainfallData = new string[columns, days];

Now each and every time that refer to the bounds of each dimension use columns and days respectively.
The you'd write your code this way:
//Ask the user to enter five days of the week and rainfall data for each day
Console.WriteLine("Please enter 5 days of the week.");

//Store the data in a two dimensional string array named rainfallData[]

for (int j = 0; j < days; j++)
{
    rainfallData[0, j] = Console.ReadLine();
}
Console.WriteLine("Please enter the corresponding rain data.");
for (int j = 0; j < days; j++)
{
    rainfallData[1, j] = Console.ReadLine();
}

Console.WriteLine("Data placed in raindallData[] array.");

for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    for (int j = 0; j < days; j++)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("rainfallData({0},{1})={2}", i, j, rainfallData[i, j]);
    }
}

//Use iteration to calculate the following from the values in rainfallData[]:
//a) sum
double rainsum = 0.0;
Console.Write("Data values calculated using iteration. \n a) Sum of rainfallData[] = ");
for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    for (int j = 0; j < days; j++)
    {
        rainsum += double.Parse(rainfallData[i, j]);
    }
}
Console.WriteLine(rainsum);

Just for your edification here's how I might have really tackled this:
int days = 5;

Console.WriteLine("Please enter 5 days of the week.");
string[] first = Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => Console.ReadLine()).ToArray();

Console.WriteLine("Please enter the corresponding rain data.");
string[] second = Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => Console.ReadLine()).ToArray();

string[][] rainfallData = new[] { first, second };

Console.WriteLine("Data placed in raindallData[][] jaggard array.");
Console.WriteLine(String.Join("", Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => $"rainfallData[0][{1}]={rainfallData[0][x]}\n")));

Console.WriteLine(String.Join(Environment.NewLine, Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => $"rainfallData[1][{1}]={rainfallData[1][x]}")));

double rainsum = rainfallData.Sum(i => i.Sum(j => double.Parse(j)));
Console.WriteLine($"Data values calculated using iteration. \n a) Sum of rainfallData[][] = {rainsum}");

Here's an even more robust way:
double[] readNumbers(int items, string title)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Please enter {items} of {title} data.");
    int attempt = 0;
    return
        Enumerable
            .Range(0, items)
            .Select(x =>
            {
                double result;
                while (!double.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out result))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Input not a number. Please try again.");
                }
                return result;
            })
            .ToArray();
}

int days = 5;

double[] first = readNumbers(days, "first columnn");
double[] second = readNumbers(days, "rain data");

double[][] rainfallData = new[] { first, second };

Console.WriteLine("Data placed in raindallData[][] jaggard array.");
Console.WriteLine(String.Join("", Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => $"rainfallData[0][{1}]={rainfallData[0][x]}\n")));

Console.WriteLine(String.Join(Environment.NewLine, Enumerable.Range(0, days).Select(x => $"rainfallData[1][{1}]={rainfallData[1][x]}")));

double rainsum = rainfallData.Sum(i => i.Sum());
Console.WriteLine($"Data values calculated using iteration. \n a) Sum of rainfallData[][] = {rainsum}");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
McCown est un patronyme porté notamment par :

 , personnalité américano-canadienne de la radio ;
  (1966-), avocat américain ;
 , acteur américain ;
 Eugene McCown (1898-1966), peintre, pianiste et auteur américain ;
 John Porter McCown (1815-1879), militaire américain ;
 Josh McCown (1979-), joueur américain de football américain ;
 Luke McCown (1981-), joueur américain de football américain ;
  (1977-), joueur américain de football américain ;
  (1908-1969), paléoanthropologue américain.


Let's get down to brass tacks. Do you like brain teasing apps that challenge your maths ability under time pressure? If the answer is "yes" then we have an app for you! If the answer is "no", then for goodness sake give it a go anyway, you might be surprised!
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The app's appeal spans from children trying to improve their maths skills right through to retirees trying to stay sharp. Essentially, it's a quick, fun challenge for everyone. So, give it a go…unless… you're chicken?


1 Kings 11:38 38 Then it shall be, if you heed all that I command you, walk in My ways, and do what is right in My sight, to keep My statutes and My commandments, as My servant David did, then I will be with you and build for you an enduring house, as I built for David, and will give Israel to you.
God's best was for there to be enduring blessing upon His people. The only way that would happen is if His people would trust and obey God. Pray that God's people and all Americans will realize there can be continual blessing in America as we allow God to lead us in the days to come in righteousness and truth.


text:
Title 14 → Chapter I → Subchapter C → Part 25 → Subpart B → Subject Group
Subpart B—Flight
Ground and Water Handling Characteristics
§25.231 Longitudinal stability and control.
(a) Landplanes may have no uncontrollable tendency to nose over in any reasonably expected operating condition or when rebound occurs during landing or takeoff. In addition—
(1) Wheel brakes must operate smoothly and may not cause any undue tendency to nose over; and
(2) If a tail-wheel landing gear is used, it must be possible, during the takeoff ground run on concrete, to maintain any attitude up to thrust line level, at 75 percent of VSR1.
(b) For seaplanes and amphibians, the most adverse water conditions safe for takeoff, taxiing, and landing, must be established.
[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-108, 67 FR 70828, Nov. 26, 2002]
§25.233 Directional stability and control.
(a) There may be no uncontrollable ground-looping tendency in 90° cross winds, up to a wind velocity of 20 knots or 0.2 VSR0, whichever is greater, except that the wind velocity need not exceed 25 knots at any speed at which the airplane may be expected to be operated on the ground. This may be shown while establishing the 90° cross component of wind velocity required by §25.237.
(b) Landplanes must be satisfactorily controllable, without exceptional piloting skill or alertness, in power-off landings at normal landing speed, without using brakes or engine power to maintain a straight path. This may be shown during power-off landings made in conjunction with other tests.
(c) The airplane must have adequate directional control during taxiing. This may be shown during taxiing prior to takeoffs made in conjunction with other tests.
[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5671, Apr. 8, 1970; Amdt. 25-42, 43 FR 2322, Jan. 16, 1978; Amdt. 25-94, 63 FR 8848, Feb. 23, 1998; Amdt. 25-108, 67 FR 70828, Nov. 26, 2002]
§25.235 Taxiing condition.
The shock absorbing mechanism may not damage the structure of the airplane when the airplane is taxied on the roughest ground that may reasonably be expected in normal operation.
§25.237 Wind velocities.
(a) For land planes and amphibians, the following applies:
(1) A 90-degree cross component of wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and must be at least 20 knots or 0.2 VSR0, whichever is greater, except that it need not exceed 25 knots.
(2) The crosswind component for takeoff established without ice accretions is valid in icing conditions.
(3) The landing crosswind component must be established for:
(i) Non-icing conditions, and
(ii) Icing conditions with the most critical of the landing ice accretion(s) defined in Appendices C and O of this part, as applicable, in accordance with §25.21(g).
(b) For seaplanes and amphibians, the following applies:
(1) A 90-degree cross component of wind velocity, up to which takeoff and landing is safe under all water conditions that may reasonably be expected in normal operation, must be established and must be at least 20 knots or 0.2 VSR0, whichever is greater, except that it need not exceed 25 knots.
(2) A wind velocity, for which taxiing is safe in any direction under all water conditions that may reasonably be expected in normal operation, must be established and must be at least 20 knots or 0.2 VSR0, whichever is greater, except that it need not exceed 25 knots.
[Amdt. 25-42, 43 FR 2322, Jan. 16, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 25-108, 67 FR 70827, Nov. 26, 2002; Amdt. 25-121, 72 FR 44668, Aug. 8, 2007; Amdt. 25-140, 79 FR 65525, Nov. 4, 2014]
§25.239 Spray characteristics, control, and stability on water.
(a) For seaplanes and amphibians, during takeoff, taxiing, and landing, and in the conditions set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, there may be no—
(1) Spray characteristics that would impair the pilot's view, cause damage, or result in the taking in of an undue quantity of water;
(2) Dangerously uncontrollable porpoising, bounding, or swinging tendency; or
(3) Immersion of auxiliary floats or sponsons, wing tips, propeller blades, or other parts not designed to withstand the resulting water loads.
(b) Compliance with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section must be shown—
(1) In water conditions, from smooth to the most adverse condition established in accordance with §25.231;
(2) In wind and cross-wind velocities, water currents, and associated waves and swells that may reasonably be expected in operation on water;
(3) At speeds that may reasonably be expected in operation on water;
(4) With sudden failure of the critical engine at any time while on water; and
(5) At each weight and center of gravity position, relevant to each operating condition, within the range of loading conditions for which certification is requested.
(c) In the water conditions of paragraph (b) of this section, and in the corresponding wind conditions, the seaplane or amphibian must be able to drift for five minutes with engines inoperative, aided, if necessary, by a sea anchor.


The City of Hutchinson, in preparation for this week's rain, is asking residents to "Adopt a Catch Basin". The amount of snow and ice the City has received this year has left many catch basins blocked. Most of the time water will find its way to a catch basin, but sometimes it may need a little help. With weather forecasts calling for over an inch of rain this week, the City is asking for assistance from its residents in clearing snow and ice away from catch basins to assist in reducing the chances of urban flooding. If you know of a catch basin by or around your home or business, please assist the City in clearing away snow and ice so water can run smoothly to the storm water inlet. With over 3,600 catch basins, the City will not be able to get to every outlet between now and Wednesday when the rain is expected.
The City has set up equipment to respond to some of the localized flooding and a crew will be working on addressing issues that surfaced over this past weekend. If you know of a specific issue or "trouble spot", please contact Public Works at (320) 234-4219 or fill out the online "report a problem" sheet (https://www.ci.hutchinson.mn.us/report-a-problem) from the City's website to let staff know of these issues. There will also likely be some backyard drainage issues with the rain and the frozen ground. In these cases, residents are encouraged to pump the water to the street. Natural drainage patterns will take some time to reestablish due the amount of snow and ice we currently have in place.


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It has to be because unemployment problems in northwest Indiana are similar to those in southeast Chicago.
Richard M. Daley
Richard M. Daley's quotes
In the coming days, I know there will be some reflecting on my time as mayor. Many of you will search to find what's behind my decision. It's simple. I have always believed that every person, especially public officials, must understand when it is time to move on. For me, that time is now.
I've reached out to other mayors throughout the United States to form an Olympic Task Force of Mayors, and to community leaders, Congress, and businesspeople. As thousands of people around the country join the movement, it gets more and more exciting.
They knew that Roosevelt and the Democratic party made a difference on them, on their quality of life issues, and they believed in that. But today it is completely different.
I'm one who demands a lot from people. I'm not afraid to look at alternative ways in city government. That's what I've done in my two years and will continue to do in the next four.
The spirit of the Olympic movement is great for young people because it teaches them about the training and discipline required to compete. Even if they don't make the teams, they can rededicate their lives to the art of sport, discipline, and physical fitness.
We're competing against other great cities: Madrid, Rio de Janeiro, and Tokyo. That's why it's important that we all join together on the final path to Copenhagen. Having the support of President Obama is key.
I've given it my all. I've done my best. Now, I'm ready with my family to begin the next phase of our lives.
That area environmentally is a waste. You can't do anything. I don't care if the Sierra Club goes out there. It is fully polluted! You're not only going to work to clean up the environment, but also you will put people to work.
I think the state has some serious problems. Just look at the layoffs going on across the state, not just in Chicago. It affects the middle class. It pushes people down.
Everybody would love to be mayor of Chicago. If you look at what we have done over many, many years and where we are today and the commitment by the business community, the commitment by the not-for-profit community - all this coming together - this is a wonderful city.
You go out there and ask them what their future is today. If we don't build that today, there's nothing.
And the political system is changing rapidly in this country, and we better realize that. The elephants or donkeys are not what younger people look to. They look at individual candidates' philosophy, and I think it's a different time and a different generation.
I enjoy getting things done. My philosophy is the edge, the edge of something. There's where we have to go in local government, in not only the philosophy but the creativity in people around you. They have to go to the edge.
I believe the way I describe the problems in Chicago is that it's a metropolitan area. I've said that everywhere. The uneducated child is not just my problem, it's the state's problem. It's also the federal government's problem.
I've very proud to be mayor of our great city. It's a city with a heart and a soul. Chicago has a unique spirit. Our business community wants to give back.
I don't fight the suburban areas or collar counties. I get along with them; they're former Chicagoans anyway.
That's an economic development program in the metropolitan area. If they don't see that, and you don't get these things done, then you're competing with Texas and California and Atlanta; then you really have problems.
Why should a city be mandated to do something by the federal government or state government without the money to do it?
People have to be confident about their sites. We're confident, number one, because under my administration we're managing our airports better than we've ever done before.
We are going to sign a treaty with Mexico. We are competing internationally. We need another international airport for international cargo, international travel, international businesses.
My dad came out of the Roosevelt era and the Depression. One person and one party made a difference in his life. That's what everybody forgot when they called my father and other people political bosses.
I'm the one who gets called up about a problem. I'm the one who gets called up about the street lighting and the abandoned car. I'm the one who gets blamed if the police don't arrive. I'm the one they blame if a city truck is broken down.
They really do a disservice because these men and women came out of the Depression, they came out of the war.
Alcohol and drug addiction are problems, and we should use outside agencies that know the business. They do business all over the country. Why don't we contract them to do it? See, we should be in certain businesses.
You have nothing coming into a major metropolitan area to relocate or locate your business and employees. And you can go across the country and you'll see that.
So you keep raising these taxes, and all of a sudden the business community says, 'Why are we here? We can go someplace else and use their phones.' That's one of the problems that directly affects the business community.
First National Bank laid off 1,000 people; where do they go? There are no jobs for them. So we are having serious economic problems in this country. We are in a real economic crisis.
Well, the problem of the federal government is that they print money and go in debt. That's their national policy, Democrats and Republicans it doesn't matter. And this is where I differ.
We also need people like social workers, volunteers, the Christian Industrial League, drug treatment programs to make sure you are getting them a job. That's what you have to do. Otherwise, we just keep stepping around these things.
There has been loss of steel manufacturing. Those people need jobs. Where you have to build the third airport is where people are. So you're right; if his site isn't playable, then our site is right next to it.
And then for the first time in history a Cook County state's attorney was reelected for a third time.
I think that unless you grew up in New York or Chicago or Los Angeles, you're sheltered.
Chicago kept industry, attracted new business, became the center for convention trade and transportation.
Jane Byrne
My dad was born in Chicago in 1908... his parents came from Russia. They settled in Chicago, where they lived in a little tiny grocery store with eight or nine children - in the backroom all together - and my grandmother got the idea to go into the movie business.
While Mayor Daley surprised me today with his decision to not run for reelection, I have never been surprised by his leadership, dedication and tireless work on behalf of the city and the people of Chicago.
My place in Chicago is a 105 year old house, but I really like contemporary spaces too, so it's refreshing and fun to be in a space where you can do contemporary things.
Ted Allen
I'm always going to get more of a charge playing Chicago than I will Duluth or some place like that. Just because of the history and the people there are way more knowledgeable than a lot of other cities. It's an amazing music scene with some great bands and great musicians.
We are proud to have with us the poet lariat of Chicago.
We got into all the trouble you could ever imagine. We figured that if the Jones boys and all the gangsters ran Chicago, we had our own territory now. All the stores, all the crime, we were in charge of everything, my stepbrother and my brother.
I'd seen the current stage production and the 1975 production of Chicago. I liked them both very much, but I didn't use them necessarily as inspiration.
I joined the Army and was sent to the MIT radiation laboratory after a few months of introduction to electromagnetic wave theory in a special course, given for Army personnel at the University of Chicago.
Jack Steinberger
Chicago is a city of contradictions, of private visions haphazardly overlaid and linked together.
My father actually moved out from Chicago just so he could play tennis 365 days a year, so it was - it was a place we played every day. We played before school. We played after school. We woke up. We played tennis. We brushed our teeth in that order.
However, I was a restaurant critic at Chicago magazine before I worked at Esquire, and I've been a really enthusiastic home cook for a long time. It's just something I'm passionate about.
I have a friend who lives in the South Side of Chicago. I helped out at a church charity there where they try to give a bit of cohesion to a desperate area. Everyone was very welcoming.
Sara Paretsky
Hollywood is run by people who sit up in their executive office, who are not connected to Mississippi, Alabama, Chicago, South Carolina. They know nothing about that, they don't go to church, and they make their decisions about what they think is right.
Chicago is one city. We shall work as one people for our common good and our common goals.


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Just outside of Munich, a startup plans a new process to recycle Lithium-ion batteries
Mike Butcher @mikebutcher / 5 months
Companies like Redwood Materials (raised $792 million), Li-Cycle (Canada, raised $667.7 million) and Green Li-ion (Singapore, raised $15 million) have made a name for themselves in recycling batteries. The activity of recycling existing lithium batteries remains one of the hardest nuts to crack as the world tries desperately to move to more renewable, clean sources of energy.
Right now Lithium-ion batteries are one of the few viable solutions for decarbonizing energy, but the world has a high dependence on countries that mine lithium, which creates undesirable environmental impacts, supply chain constraints and geopolitical tensions.
Tozero is a new startup out of Germany that says it is offering a novel process to recover critical materials such as lithium, nickel and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries.
It's now raised €3.5 million in a pre-seed financing round led by Berlin-based Atlantic Labs. Verve Ventures, Possible Ventures, angels and other founders joined the round, for example former VW board member Jochem Heizmann, as well as co-founders of Personio and FINN, among others.
With the fresh funding, tozero will build their prototype plant in Munich, Germany. This is where one-third of Europe's lithium-ion batteries are planned to be produced by 2030.
Sarah Fleischer and Dr. Ksenija Milicevic Neumann, tozero's co-founders, also have the support and technical advise of Prof. Bernd Friedrich, a pioneer in battery recycling research at IME, RWTH Aachen University.
Tozero's idea is to put the raw materials from batteries such as lithium, cobalt, nickel etc. back into the market as fresh battery-grade materials to battery producers. If it works, this would decrease the environmental footprint of the battery industry. One can but hope…
Can battery recycling help end US reliance on China?


"The WTO has now rejected every allegation of unlawful subsidies to Boeing with the single exception of one measure—a Washington State business and occupancy (B&O) tax rate. Boeing has pledged from the beginning of this case to comply with the WTO's rulings, and the B&O tax rate will be no exception. Boeing will support the United States and Washington State as they take steps necessary to fully comply with today's ruling.
"We trust that our example will prompt Airbus and the European Union to immediately bring themselves into full compliance with the substantial rulings against these parties by the WTO."
In 2006, after attempts to negotiate a bilateral agreement, the U.S. Government (USG) filed a case with the World Trade Organization claiming Airbus had received $22 billion in illegal subsidies. U.S. officials estimated the economic benefit of those subsidies (in 2006 dollars) at more than $200 billion.
The biggest and most impactful of the subsidies is known as launch aid – highly subsidized loans to Airbus for the development of new products. Repayment is tied to airplane delivery targets, so typically does not begin until several years after a program is launched. What's more, the interest rates on the loans are significantly less than commercial lenders would charge, and in the event a product does not hit a pre-determined sales target, remaining loans on the product are forgiven.
Launch aid provides significant advantages to Airbus, among them artificially low cost of capital, lower program risk, and the ability to price its products lower than the competition. It also enables Airbus to introduce new products faster than it would be able to do otherwise. The continuation of launch aid and other European subsidies to Airbus poses a significant risk to America's ability to compete successfully in the global commercial airplane market.
In June of 2010 the WTO ruled in favor of the United States on 80% of the total alleged subsidy amounts, and in May of 2011 a WTO appellate panel upheld all of the key findings of the earlier panel. The WTO ruled that Airbus had received $18 billion of illegal subsidies, including $15 billion of launch aid. Airbus-sponsor governments were given until December of 2011 to remove the harmful effects of all illegal subsidies. On September 22, 2016, the WTO confirmed the European governments not only failed to meet the compliance deadline to remedy $17 billion worth of past subsidies provided to Airbus, but that an additional $5 billion in illegal launch aid has since been provided to support the A350. In a last ditch effort, the EU appealed that ruling. The WTO rejected the appeal in May 2018, opening the door for the U.S. Government to initiate the WTO process for imposing tariffs on European exports to the United States to mitigate these violations.
In retaliation for the U.S. WTO case against European subsidies to Airbus, the European Union brought a counter case against the United State alleging "indirect" subsidies to Boeing of $23 billion. The alleged subsidies focused on NASA and Department of Defense contracts with Boeing for research and development projects. It also challenged federal, state and local tax breaks, and government support for infrastructure used by Boeing.
The USG's defense against the charges noted that the NASA and DoD contracts in question were arms-length commercial transactions where Boeing was paid for research commissioned by the two government agencies. The USG further noted that the NASA research projects were undertaken for public benefit, and that the results and benefits were widely shared, including with Airbus. On the issue of tax breaks, the USG noted that the federal tax break on U.S. exports had already been eliminated, and it noted that the state and local tax breaks that were challenged are common economic development tools consistent with WTO rules. Similarly, the infrastructure projects named in the complaint comply with WTO rules because they are public in nature, and not for Boeing's exclusive use.
In March of 2011 the WTO dismissed 80% of the total subsidy amounts the EU claimed, and in March of 2012 a WTO appellate panel upheld the earlier ruling. The WTO found $3.25 billion in subsidies to Boeing, noting that an additional $2.2 billion subsidy claim in the form of U.S. export tax credits had already been eliminated. Of the remaining subsidies, $2.6 billion were related to NASA R&D programs, $154 million to Defense R&D programs, and $500 million to state and local tax breaks. The USG complied with this ruling by the September 2012 deadline set by the WTO. NASA and defense R&D contacts were adjusted to secure commercial rights for the U.S. government (per the WTO ruling). Some of the tax breaks had expired and therefore are no longer relevant, and those that remain in place are too small to have a meaningful competitive impact on Airbus. In 2017, the WTO confirmed that Boeing had complied with virtually all of its rulings in this case.
The EU in February 2015 brought another complaint to the WTO, this time on tax breaks the state of Washington recently enacted to attract new investment by aerospace companies in the state. In November 2016, the WTO dismissed the EU's claims on seven of eight Washington state tax incentives in question. The EU prevailed only on the "claw back" provision of the state's B&O tax reduction as applied to the 777X. The WTO declared the tax incentive a "prohibited subsidy" because of the way it was structured.
The USG appealed the ruling and on Sept. 4, 2017, it was reversed. The Appellate Body declared that Washington state tax incentives for aerospace investments are not a prohibited subsidy as the EU claimed. In so doing it brought an end to that case. No further appeal of the decision is available to the EU.
Myth: There is no end in sight for this dispute.
Fact: The WTO has spoken for the very last time on the illegality of Airbus subsidies. There are no more appeals left for the EU to pursue. Now begins the process for the United States to impose billions of dollars in WTO-approved sanctions, which should be in place this year.
Myth: If the U.S. Government pursues sanctions, we will end up with a trade war.
Fact: Not so—such sanctions are a part of the rules-based global trading system. The USG has diligently followed a WTO dispute resolution process designed to bring about EU compliance, while avoiding the kind of unilateral actions that can lead to a trade war. It is a process the EU endorsed when the WTO was created, and that the EU has used many times to successfully challenge illegal trade actions by other countries, without sparking a trade war.
Myth: Boeing gets illegal subsidies too.
Fact: The WTO has dismissed the vast majority of the EU's claims on this subject. There is only one limited finding against the United States, and Boeing will support the United States and Washington State as they take steps necessary to fully comply with today's ruling.
Myth: Resolution of this dispute cannot happen until the EU and US cases have both run their course.
Fact: Neither party's obligation to comply with the rulings against them is contingent on the outcome of other cases. WTO cases are separate and distinct in that regard.
Myth: As evidenced by Boeing's large backlog of orders and its record profits, Boeing clearly has not been harmed, nor is it competitively disadvantaged by the support Airbus receives from European governments.
Fact: The WTO has examined this exhaustively and found, again and again, that Boeing has been harmed to a massive degree—billions upon billions of dollars in sales and market share lost to subsidy-created Airbus airplanes. Boeing cannot be expected to stand by and do nothing, especially with emerging new competitors watching closely to see how this dispute turns out.
Myth: Aerospace is different from other industries and requires some level of government support.
Fact: Boeing has proven otherwise. We have financed all of our new airplane programs without the kind of government handout that launch aid represents.


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Ypenburg district is working on a carbon-neutral heat network
Ondertekening samenwerkingsovereenkomst warmtenet Ypenburg - foto Martijn Beekman
The objective of local residents' initiative Hernieuwbare Warmte Ypenburg (HWY) [Renewable Heat Ypenburg] is to ensure that the heat supply in the Ypenburg district will be affordable as well as carbon neutral. The current heat network, which crosses municipal boundaries, must be adapted to become more sustainable. In order to streamline the efforts aimed at increasing the sustainability of the heat network, a partnership agreement was signed today by HWY, the municipality of The Hague, the municipality of Pijnacker-Nootdorp and Eneco.
The Ypenburg district situated on the boundary between The Hague and Nootdorp was constructed in the period 1997 - 2000 and has a natural gas-based heat network. At the time, this was an energy-efficient solution that saved a lot of carbon emissions compared with having a central heating boiler in each separate house. Since then, options have become available that make it possible to create a fully carbon-neutral energy supply.
Based on the partnership agreement, the two municipalities, Eneco and the residents concerned will proceed to investigate together which type of sustainable heat source will be a viable option for Ypenburg's heat network. When this source has been identified, work will start to make it available and link it to the heat network.
Frank Lentz, chair HWY: "This partnership crosses the boundaries between the city and the region as a whole and brings the stakeholders together. This results in consolidation, a wider perspective and surprisingly good solutions."
Liesbeth van Tongeren, Councillor in charge of Sustainability, Environment and Energy Transition in the municipality of The Hague: "This partnership clearly shows that making the switch to a sustainable heat supply can take place in consultation with the residents of a district. We are investigating the best match between the existing infrastructure and the new opportunities and techniques that have developed. Moving towards an energy-neutral heat supply together, that is what we strive for!"
Frank van Kuppeveld, Councillor in charge of Energy Transition in the municipality of Pijnacker-Nootdorp: "Increasing the sustainability of Eneco's heat network is a very good and necessary step for the municipality of Pijnacker-Nootdorp. Our aim is that the 'De Venen' will be one of the first gas-free districts. This will be achieved in consultation with the residents and at costs that will be equal to or lower than the current charges. By working together we can make good progress."
Manja Thiry, Director Heat at Eneco: "It is fantastic that the local residents' initiative HWY is interested in switching to a carbon-neutral heat network. Just like the municipalities of The Hague and Pijnacker-Nootdorp, we are happy to contribute to this transition. Together we will succeed even faster in making the heat supply more sustainable."