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Joseph S.  Lehmann (* 28. Februar 1801 in Glogau; † 19. Februar 1873 in Berlin), Pseudonym: H. Anselmi, war ein deutscher Schriftsteller, Journalist, Literaturkritiker, Übersetzer, Kaufmann und Direktor der Niederschlesischen Eisenbahn in Glogau. 1832 gründete er das Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes und blieb über vierzig Jahre lang dessen Herausgeber.

Jugend und Lehre
Joseph Lehmann wurde als ältester Sohn des jüdischen Kaufmanns Samuel Lehmann in Groß-Glogau geboren. Er hatte mehrere Geschwister.

Während der Jugendzeit Lehmanns entwickelte sich in Glogau, das als Festungsstadt infolge des Tilsiter Friedens bis 1814 von den Franzosen besetzt war, ein reiches und emanzipiertes jüdisches Kulturleben. Aus der Talmudschule von Glogau gingen namhafte jüdische Gelehrte  hervor wie Michael Sachs und Salomon Munk, Joseph Zedner, nachmals Kustos für Hebraistik an der British Library, und der in Heidelberg habilitierte Altphilologe, Schulleiter der jüdischen Freischule in Strelitz und spätere Buchhändler Joseph Lehfeldt (bis 1839 Levy). Samuel Lehmann schrieb in seiner Freizeit Verse; als Autodidakt hielt er seine Kinder an, ihre Bildung auch nach absolviertem Schulbesuch durch Selbststudium zu vervollkommnen.

Seit 1815 besuchte Joseph das Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Breslau. Ursprünglich sollte er Apotheker werden und wurde einem reisenden Händler mitgegeben, der ihn nach Frankfurt (Oder) mitnahm. Als sich keine geeignete Lehrstelle für den Jungen fand, entsandte der Freund ihn nach Berlin in Begleitung eines Tuchhändlers, der mit der Familie Veit verwandt war. Die Familie gehörte zur jüdischen Oberschicht und besaß einen der raren Schutzbriefe, die auch den Nachkommen das Aufenthaltsrecht gewährten (Generalprivilegierte). Joseph Lehmann konnte eine Ausbildung zum Buchhalter im Berliner Bankgeschäft Gebrüder Veit, gegründet von David Veit (1753–1835) beginnen, dessen Sohn und Nachfolger Uhde David Veit (1794–1837) gleichzeitig mit Lehmann die Arbeit aufnahm. Offenbar gelang es Lehmann, bei einer schwierigen Gläubigerverhandlung diplomatisch, aber entschlossen vorzugehen und die Firma Veit vor einem größeren Verlust zu bewahren. Die Veits nahmen ihn daraufhin wie ein Familienmitglied auf.

Erste Jahre in Berlin
In Berlin besuchte Lehmann im Wintersemester 1821/22 die Vorlesungen Hegels und verkehrte, "obwohl jünger und eine bescheidenere Stelle einnehmend, als die Meisten der Genannten", in den Kreisen, die Heinrich Heine aufsuchte, darunter Rahel und Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, Eduard Hitzig, Adelbert von Chamisso. Die Aktivitäten im Verein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden, den Eduard Gans, Leopold Zunz, Moses Moser, Maximilian Heine und dessen Bruder Heinrich (den Lehmann bei der Familie Veit einführte) gegründet hatten, nahm er durch Vermittlung von Moritz Veit wahr, den Neffen seines Arbeitgebers David Veit. In dem daraus hervorgegangenen Cultur-Verein zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen und künstlerischen Bestrebungen unter den Juden hielt Lehmann im Frühjahr 1842 eine Rede auf der Generalversammlung; "dabei brachte er dem alten Kulturverein im neuen ein Hoch". Am 20. August 1835 wurde Joseph Lehmann in die Gesellschaft der Freunde aufgenommen, wo er nach dem Tod von Moses Moser im August 1838 den Vorsitz übernahm und rund zehn Jahre innehatte. Am 24. Oktober 1840 hielt er dort eine Huldigungsrede auf Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Zudem engagierte er sich in der jüdischen Gemeinde, nach 1840 auch im Vorstand. Für den jüdischen Buchbindergesellen Joseph Prager aus Glogau erlegte Lehmann 1833 die Einbürgerungsgebühr.

Seine außerordentliche Sprachbegabung ermöglichte ihm, ohne Hochschulstudium mindestens acht Fremdsprachen zu erwerben. Neben Englisch und Französisch sprach er geläufig Italienisch, erlernte auch die Idiome Skandinaviens und der iberischen Halbinsel sowie einige orientalische Sprachen. Gedichte, die er unter dem Pseudonym H. Anselmi im Gesellschafter, oder Blätter für Geist und Herz von Friedrich Wilhelm Gubitz veröffentlichte, wurden vom Publikum zeitweise Heinrich Heine zugeschrieben. Ab 1837 lieferte Lehmann auch anonyme Korrespondenzberichte aus Berlin für Cottas Allgemeine Zeitung.

Am 26. August 1831 heiratete Joseph Lehmann Therese Veit (1804–1832), die Nichte seines Arbeitgebers und Tochter des Farbwarenhändlers Philipp Veit (1758–1838) und der Caroline geb. Veit. Moritz Veit, der inzwischen mit Joseph Lehfeldt einen Buchhandel eröffnet hatte und später Lehmanns Zeitschrift verlegte, wurde auf diese Weise sein Schwager. Therese starb jedoch bei der Geburt ihres ersten Kindes. In zweiter Ehe war Lehmann mit Johanna Lehfeldt (1812–1878) verheiratet, der Schwester seines Glogauer Jugendfreunds  Lehfeldt. Ihre Kinder waren Therese Friederike Auguste Emilie (1837–1925), die am 14. Dezember 1862 Leonhard Heinrich Lehfeldt (1834–1876), den Sohn des Verlagspartners von Moritz Veit ehelichte; Elisabeth (1840–1915), verheiratet mit dem Mediziner Mortimer Feig (1833–1899) und Mutter des Arbeitsrechtlers Johannes Feig (1873–1936); ferner Agathe (1842–1927) und Franziska (1846–1910). Der spät geborene Sohn Felix Lehmann (1852–1914) wurde Gründer des Verlags Feig und P. Lehmann, der im Cotta-Verlag aufging, und später Direktor des Cotta- und Union-Verlags.

Gründung des Magazins für die Literatur des Auslandes
Alexander von Humboldt, dem Lehmann in den Salons der Sara Levy und im Mendelssohnschen Haus begegnet war, empfahl ihn wegen seiner Fremdsprachenkenntnisse dem preußischen Außenminister Bernstorff. Dieser verschaffte Lehmann 1828 einen Posten in der Redaktion der Allgemeinen Preußischen Staats-Zeitung. Für den damaligen Herausgeber, den Diplomaten Johann Karl Heinrich Philipsborn (Nachfolger von Heinrich Clauren), betreute Lehmann neben politischen Artikeln auch ein Feuilleton.

Drei Jahre später legte Lehmann den Plan zur Gründung eines Beiblatts vor, das die Leserschaft mit Erzeugnissen fremdsprachiger Literatur bekannt machen sollte. Die Herausgabe dieser Zeitschrift mit zahlreichen unsignierten, zumeist ihm zuzuschreibenden Artikeln darf als das eigentliche Lebenswerk des Autors Joseph Lehmann gelten. Über vierzig Jahre lang gab es kaum eine Nummer, in der nicht ein mehr oder minder umfangreicher Beitrag von ihm stand; nach 41 Jahren Redaktionstätigkeit war die seinen Tod meldende Nummer vom 1. März 1873 "die erste, welche nicht einen Artikel aus seiner Feder enthält".

Das Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes war anfangs eine selbstständige, gesondert zu abonnierende Beilage der Staatszeitung und als fachwissenschaftliches Referentenorgan der ausländischen Literatur eingerichtet. Die erste Nummer erschien ohne programmatische Einleitung am 1. Februar 1832 mit einer Rezension der zweibändigen Biographie Friedrichs des Großen von Lord Dover (George Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover) als Aufmacher. Angekündigt wurden wöchentlich drei Hefte, was bis 1861 beibehalten wurde. Die Nummer vom 24./25. Januar 1832 feierte erstmals den Geburtstag Friedrichs des Großen, was eine stehende Tradition des Blatts wurde bis in Lehmanns Todesjahr. Die Mittlerleistung des preußischen Königs zur Literatur und Sprachkultur Frankreichs stand Pate für das eigene Vorhaben.

Länderkolumnen fassten die wichtigsten literarischen Entwicklungen in den Sprachräumen von Europa, Asien und Übersee zusammen; hinzu kamen Übersetzungen von Artikeln ausländischer Zeitschriften und Zeitungen. Eine Rubrik Deutsche Literatur im Ausland informierte über das Erscheinen und die Aufnahmen von Übersetzungen deutschsprachiger Literatur in aller Welt. Neuerscheinungen ausländischer Literatur wurden nicht nur in ausführlichen, oft mehrere Fortsetzungen umfassenden Rezensionen behandelt, sondern auch in Kurzmeldungen und einer auf die Nennung der Titel beschränkten Rubrik Bibliographie bekannt gemacht.

So entwickelte sich das Magazin zu einem vielseitigen, nicht nur gelehrte, sondern auch literarische Entwicklungen widerspiegelnden Kompendium der Weltliteratur. Nach der Thronbesteigung Friedrich Wilhelms IV. im Jahr 1843 trat Joseph Lehmann aus seinem Beamtenverhältnis aus, und die Zeitschrift ging in seinen Besitz über. Sie erschien fortan im Verlag seines Schwagers Moritz Veit und seines Freundes Lehfeldt (Veit & Co.), ging mit diesem zeitweise nach Leipzig und wurde zu einem regulären Wochenblatt von dreimal so starkem Umfang. Auch an der Gründung der bei J. J. Weber in Leipzig erscheinenden Illustrirten Zeitung im Jahr 1843 war Lehmann beteiligt. 1844 wurde Lehmann von Heinrich von Bülow als Übersetzer ins Ministerium der auswärtigen Angelegenheiten berufen.

Joseph Lehmann gehörte gemeinsam mit Alexander Mendelssohn zu den Förderern des 1844 gegründeten Berliner Handwerker-Vereins. Nach der Märzrevolution von 1848 beteiligte sich Lehmann mit Wilhelm Adolf Lette, Robert Prutz sowie Ludwig und Otto Crelinger an der Gründung des Constitutionellen Clubs. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde Lehmann Feuilletonredakteur der am 27. Februar 1849 erstmals erschienenen, von David Hansemann gegründeten und von Carl Weil herausgegebenen Constitutionellen Zeitung, wo Lehmann unter anderem die Memoiren von Henriette Herz in der stark bearbeiteten Version von Joseph Fürst abdruckte. Später wurde Rudolf Haym Redakteur der Zeitung, der jedoch im Dezember 1850 die Konzession entzogen wurde.

Eisenbahndirektor in Glogau
Zu diesem Zeitpunkt war Lehmann bereits von Berlin nach Glogau übersiedelt, wo er 1849 mit Unterstützung des Bankiers Crelinger Direktor der niederschlesischen Zweigbahn sowie Stadtverordneter wurde. In dieser Eigenschaft nahm er an volkswirtschaftlichen und patentrechtlichen Kongressen teil und setzte sich unter anderem für die Erweiterung des Eisenbahnnetzes und des Zollvereins durch Verträge mit den Niederlanden ein. Im Juli 1854 konnte er anlässlich einer Reise nach Paris den bereits schwer erkrankten Freund Heinrich Heine in der Rue d'Amsterdam Nr. 50 aufsuchen.

Rechenschaftsberichte Lehmanns über seine Tätigkeit als Direktor, Artikel und Stellungnahmen zum Thema finden sich in der Zeitung des Vereins Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen, aber auch im Magazin, das sich zunehmend für technische Sachbücher öffnete und über die Weltausstellungen berichtete. Ein Höhepunkt seines Wirkens war die feierliche Eröffnung der unter Bauleitung von Robert Bail – der mit Joseph Lehmann und dem Kommerzienrat Wilhelm Lehfeldt die Direktion bildete – errichteten Oder-Eisenbahnbrücken am 17. Mai 1858. Seit 1858 gehörten der Gewerbeverein und der gesamte Magistrat der Stadt Glogau dem Centralverein für das Wohl der arbeitenden Klassen an; 1863 trat Lehmann als persönliches Mitglied bei. Zur Betreuung der Redaktion des Magazins für die Literatur des Auslandes hielt sich Joseph Lehmann allerdings immer wieder auch in Berlin auf.

Ab dem 33. Jahrgang (1864) erschien das Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes mit wöchentlich einer Nummer in einer Auflage von ca. 1500 Exemplaren in Ferdinand Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung (Harrwitz und Goßmann). In einer Annonce für die ersten fünf Hefte hieß es: "Das 'Magazin' hat sich stets bestrebt, ein Organ des Gedanken-Austausches von Nation zu Nation zu sein. Es will Jedem, der nicht Muße und Gelegenheit hat, den literarischen Erscheinungen des Auslandes selbst nachzugehen, gleichwohl aber das Bedürfniß fühlt, sich von dem unterrichtet zu halten, was auf den verschiedenen Gebieten der geistigen Bewegung zur Erscheinung kommt, ein hauptsächlich auf die ausländische Literatur gegründetes Bild von diesen geistigen Vorgängen bieten."

Konservative Wende und letzte Jahre in Berlin
Obwohl sich Lehmann 1848/49 "vorübergehend" mit dem liberal-demokratischen Konstitutionalismus identifiziert hatte, nahm das Magazin spätestens seit der Thronbesteigung Wilhelms I. eine nationalkonservative, später dezidiert kaisertreue Haltung ein. Als 1861 die Tagebücher von Karl August Varnhagen von Ense an die Märzrevolution und die nachfolgende Ära der Reaktion erinnerten, diffamierte Lehmann die Herausgeberin Ludmilla Assing durch Teilpublikation des aus Akten des Kammergerichts entwendeten, seither verschollenen Testaments des Schriftstellers, der angeblich eine zwanzigjährige Sperrfrist verfügt hatte. Diese hatte jedoch nicht für seine Universalerbin gelten sollen.

Über die Aktivitäten im deutsch-französischen Krieg von 1870/71 heißt es in Lehmanns Nachruf: "Mit jugendlicher Begeisterung nahm er die Sache des Vaterlandes in die Hand und das Blatt wurde ein Hauptquartier des literarischen Feldzugs gegen den Friedensstörer." Die Annexion von Elsaß-Lothringen flankierte Lehmann politisch durch Aufsätze über Goethes Straßburger Zeit oder Berichte über Spendensammlungen für die durch deutsches Bombardement dort zerstörte Bibliothek; Friedensappelle wie den von seiner Mitarbeiterin Jenny Hirsch eingesandten lehnte der Herausgeber ab. Auch sein Nachfolger ließ keinen Zweifel daran, "daß dem Weltbürger, dem Menschenfreund nichts Menschliches fremd sein sollte, daß aber für Deutschland gearbeitet werde in diesen Blättern, und daß die Liebe zum Heimathlande die erste Bedingung fruchtbringender Thätigkeit ist". Im deutschen Kaisertum sah Lehmann allerdings nicht die Wiederbelebung des mittelalterlichen Gottesgnadentums, sondern den Monarchen als "Schirm der Gewissens- und persönlichen Freiheit" und "Wahrer der Gleichheit [...] vor Recht und Gesetz, der Gleichheit aller sittlichen und humanen Ansprüche an den Staat".

Im Jahr 1865 war Joseph Lehmann endgültig nach Berlin zurückgekehrt. Er engagierte sich bei der Gründung der Berliner Volksküchen durch Lina Morgenstern und im Verein zur Förderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit des weiblichen Geschlechts, den Jenny Hirsch und Wilhelm Adolf Lette 1866 in Berlin gegründet hatten und zu dessen Vorstandsmitgliedern sein Schwiegersohn Mortimer Feig gehörte. Auch an den Vorbereitungen zur Gründung der Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, die ihn ehrenhalber zu den "Immerwährenden Mitgliedern" zählte, war Lehmann beteiligt. Für Studierende mit herausragenden Leistungen am Jüdisch-Theologischen Seminar in Breslau, mit dem er schon während der Gründungsphase in enger Verbindung stand, stiftete er einen Stipendienfonds von 1800 Reichstalern, den seine Witwe nach seinem Tod aufstockte. Mitwirkende bei der Redaktion des Magazins waren zuletzt der Verleger Dr. Julius Harrwitz (1819–1875), der Jurist Hans Herrig (1845–1892) und sein Schwiegersohn, der Stadtrichter Leonhard Lehfeldt, der ihm als Chefredakteur nachfolgen sollte.

Er starb an einem Schlaganfall, nachdem er die Nummer 8 des Jahrgangs 42 des Magazins für die Literatur des Auslandes vom 22. Februar 1873 noch durchkorrigiert hatte. Am 23. Februar 1873 wurde Joseph Lehmann beigesetzt. Sein Grabmal auf dem Jüdischen Friedhof Schönhauser Allee trug die Inschrift: "Begründer des Magazins für die Literatur des Auslandes, in welchem er über 41 Jahre und bis an seinen Tod seinen Landsleuten edle Geistesgaben zu liefern nicht müde ward." Von Kaiserin Augusta, die schon 1857 zum 25-jährigen Bestehen des Magazins gratuliert hatte, erhielten seine Angehörigen ein Beileidsschreiben.

Fünf Jahre nach Lehmanns Ableben ging das Magazin, inzwischen die zweitälteste literarische Wochenschrift Deutschlands, am 1. Januar 1879 an den Verlag Wilhelm Friedrich in Leipzig über. Seither wurde es (nach 1881 auch als Organ des Allgemeinen Deutschen Schriftsteller-Verbandes) von Eduard Engel herausgegeben, der die Auflage auf 4000 Exemplare steigern konnte. 1888 wurde es unter dem Titel Magazin für Literatur neu ausgerichtet und mit Deutschland. Wochenschrift für Kunst, Literatur und soziales Leben zusammengelegt. Bis 1915 existierte es noch als Das Magazin. Monatsschrift für Literatur, Musik, Kunst und Kultur.

Ehrungen
 Im September 1858 erhielt Joseph Lehmann auf Fürsprache von Alexander von Humboldt den Roten Adler-Orden vierter Klasse "mit der Dekoration für Nicht-Christen".
 Am 12. Oktober 1866 erhielt Joseph Lehmann die Ehrenbürgerwürde der Stadt Glogau. Der Ehrenbürgerbrief wird heute in der Thomas Braun Collection des Merton College in Oxford aufbewahrt. Der Text der Urkunde lautet:

Werke
 [als H. Anselmi:] Das Traumbild. An Heinrich Heine. In: Der Gesellschafter, oder Blätter für Geist und Herz Jg. 6, Nr. 85, 29. Mai 1822, Beilage: Bemerker Nr. 9, S. 402 (Web-Ressource).
 [als H. Anselmi:] Des Schlesiers Lied. In: Deutsche Blätter für Poesie, Literatur, Kunst und Theater, Nr. LXV, 20. März 1823, S. 177 (Web-Ressource).
 [als H. Anselmi:] Ein Lied von dem Liebchen. In: Deutsche Blätter für Poesie, Literatur, Kunst und Theater, Nr. LXVI, 21. März 1823, S. 180 (Web-Ressource).
 [als H. Anselmi:] Streifzüge eines literarischen Partheigängers. In: Abend-Zeitung, Nr. 242, 23. Oktober 1823, S. 966 f. (Web-Ressource).
 [als H. Anselmi:] Zwei Blumen für Liebe und Freundschaft. In: Westteutscher Musenalmanach für 1824. Hrsg. v. Johann Baptist Rousseau, Schulz und Wundermann, Hamm und Münster S. 258 f. (Web-Ressource).
 Gesellschaft der Freunde. Vortrag des interimistischen Vorsitzenden in der General-Versammlung  vom 3. März 1839. Privatdruck, Berlin 1839 (Web-Ressource).
 Festrede des Vorstehers in der Jubel-General-Versammlung der Gesellschaft der Freunde am 30. Januar 1842. Privatdruck, Berlin 1842, S. 8–10 (Web-Ressource); Toast auf Ihre Majestäten, den König und die Königin, so wie auf das Königl. Haus. Ebenda, S. 16 (Web-Ressource).
 Gesellschaft der Freunde. Rede des Vorstehers, gehalten in der General-Versammlung vom 23. Februar 1845. (Auf den Wunsch mehrerer Freunde für die Mitglieder der Gesellschaft gedruckt.) Privatdruck, Berlin 1845 (Web-Ressource).
 Deutschland, Oesterreich und Italien. Erinnerungsblätter an die im September 1858 in Triest stattgefundene Konferenz der deutschen Eisenbahn-Verwaltungen. Veit, Leipzig 1859.

Briefe
 Briefe an Heinrich Heine im Heinrich-Heine-Portal.
 Briefe H. Heine's an den Herausgeber des "Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes". In: Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes Jg. 37, Nr. 2–3, 11.–18. Januar 1868, S. 17 ff., 33 ff. (Webressource).
 Briefwechsel mit Dr. Immanuel Levy in Breslau ausführlich zitiert in Geschichte des Jüdisch-Theologischen Seminars (Fraenckel'sche Stiftung) in Breslau. Festschrift zum fünfzigjährigen Jubiläum der Anstalt, Th. Schatzky, Breslau 1904, S. 20–27; 41 f., 49–51, 75 (Web-Ressource).
 Briefe an Joseph Muhr (1772–1848) im Bundesarchiv.
 Briefe an Leopold Zunz, online bereitgestellt vom Leopold-Zunz-Archiv.
 Auktionsangebot von Briefen an Joseph Lehmann bei Christie's, abgerufen am 7. Oktober 2020, teils erworben vom Heinrich-Heine-Institut.

Literatur

 Deutsche Journalisten. Joseph Lehmann. In: Illustrirte Zeitung Bd. 50, Nr. 1292, 4. April 1868, S. 229 f. (Web-Ressource).
 Joseph Lehmann †. In: Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes Jg. 42, Nr. 9, 1. März 1873, S. 125–128 (Web-Ressource).
 Alexander Jung: Den Manen Joseph Lehmann's! In: Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes Jg. 42, Nr. 10, 8. März 1873, S. 141 f. (Web-Ressource) bei google books.
 Ludwig Salomon: Das goldene Jubiläum einer deutschen Zeitschrift, in: Die Gartenlaube 1882, Heft 3, S. 56 (Wikisource).
 Gustav Karpeles: Joseph Lehmann und Heinrich Heine. In: Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes Jg. 61, Nr. 5, 30. Januar 1892, S. 71–82; dass. in: Heinrich Heine und seine Zeitgenossen, Lehmann, Berlin, S. 19–39 (Web-Ressource).
 Isidore Singer, Max Cohen: Lehmann, Joseph in der Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) (Web-Ressource).
 Ernst Appel: Das "Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes" – ein Spiegel der internationalen Presse von 1832–1872. Ein Beitrag zur Pressegeschichte. Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 1953.
 Manfred Hellge: Der Verleger Wilhelm Friedrich und das "Magazin für die Literatur des In- und Auslandes". Ein Beitrag zur Literatur- und Verlagsgeschichte des frühen Naturalismus in Deutschland. In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens, Jg. 16 (1976), S. 791–1215.

Weblinks
 Das Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes in Wikisource

Einzelnachweise

Chefredakteur
Herausgeber
Übersetzer
Träger des Roten Adlerordens 4. Klasse
Person (Berlin)
Person des Judentums (Berlin)
Person (Judentum)
Deutscher
Geboren 1801
Gestorben 1873
Mann


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
# aurelia-authentication

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/SpoonX/aurelia-authentication.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/SpoonX/aurelia-authentication)
[![Known Vulnerabilities](https://snyk.io/test/npm/name/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/test/npm/aurelia-authentication)
[![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/nwjs/nw.js.svg?maxAge=2592000?style=plastic)](https://gitter.im/SpoonX/Dev)

> Aurelia-authentication is a token-based authentication plugin for [Aurelia](http://aurelia.io/) with support for popular social authentication providers (Google, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Windows Live, FourSquare, Yahoo, Github, Instagram) and a local strategy, i.e. simple username / email and password. It developed of a fork of [paul van bladel's aurelia-auth](https://github.com/paulvanbladel/aurelia-auth/) which itself is a port of the great [Satellizer](https://github.com/sahat/satellizer/) library.

Aurelia-authentication makes local and third-party authentication easy. Aurelia-authentication does not use any cookies but relies on a token (designed for JWT, but has basic support for others as well) stored in the local storage of the browser. If your server is setup right, it can be a simple as just to select your server endpoint from your [aurelia-api](https://github.com/SpoonX/aurelia-api) setup, add your third-party client ids and you are ready to go.

You have multiple endpoints? No problem! In the recommended setting, aurelia-authentication makes use of [aurelia-api](https://github.com/SpoonX/aurelia-api) which can set up multiple endpoints. Just specify in your aurelia-authentication configuration which endpoint you want to use for your server and which further endpoints you want to be configured and your token will be sent automatically to your protected API when the user is authenticated.

With aurelia-authentication you can:

* Use local login or third-party providers to authenticate the user
* Automatically add your token to requests to the specified endpoints
* Automatically refresh your token
* Extensively customize the settings
* Use standalone or in conjunction with [aurelia-api](https://github.com/SpoonX/aurelia-api)
* Use [Auth0](https://auth0.com) as your only authentication provider (see [the relevant section](auth0.md) for more info)
* Update valueConverters using the 'authorization-change' binding signal.
* Subscribe to the 'authorization-change' event.
* And more

## Important note

We've simplified installation and usage! This plugin should now be installed using `jspm i aurelia-authentication` or (for webpack) `npm i aurelia-authentication --save`. Make sure you update all references to `spoonx/aurelia-authentication` and `spoonx/aurelia-api` and remove the `spoonx/` prefix (don't forget your config.js, package.json, imports and bundles).

## Installation

### Aureli-Cli

Run `npm i aurelia-authentication --save` from your project root.

Add `aurelia-authentication` to the `build/bundles/dependencies` section of `aurelia-project/aurelia.json`.

Aurelia-authentication has submodules (currently only the authFilter). You need to add it to the aurelia build resources in your package.json.

```js
"aurelia": {
  "build": {
    "resources": ["aurelia-authentication/authFilterValueConverter"]
  }
},
```

### Jspm

Run `jspm i aurelia-authentication`

If the installation results in having forks, try resolving them by running:

```sh
jspm inspect --forks
jspm resolve --only registry:package-name@version
```

E.g.

```sh
jspm inspect --forks
>     Installed Forks
>         npm:aurelia-dependency-injection 1.0.0-beta.1.2.3 1.0.0-beta.2.1.0

jspm resolve --only npm:aurelia-dependency-injection@1.0.0-beta.2.1.0
```

### Webpack

Run `npm i aurelia-authentication --save` from your project root.

Add `'aurelia-authentication'` in the `coreBundles.aurelia section` of your `webpack.config.js`.

Aurelia-authentication has submodules (currently only the authFilter). You need to add it to the aurelia build resources in your package.json.

```js
"aurelia": {
  "build": {
    "resources": ["aurelia-authentication/authFilterValueConverter"]
  }
},
```

### Typescript

Add to your `typings.json`

```js
"aurelia-authentication": "github:spoonx/aurelia-authentication",
```

and run `typings i`

or run

```sh
typings i github:spoonx/aurelia-authentication
```

## Documentation

You can find usage examples and the documentation at the [aurelia-authentication-docs](http://aurelia-authentication.spoonx.org/).

The [changelog](doc/changelog.md) provides you with information about important changes.

## Usage

### Add a configuration file

Set your custom configuration. You can find all options and the default values in the [baseConfig](http://aurelia-authentication.spoonx.org/baseConfig).

```js
/* authConfig.js */
var baseConfig = {
    endpoint: 'auth',             // use 'auth' endpoint for the auth server
    configureEndpoints: ['auth']  // add Authorization header to 'auth' endpoint
    facebook: {
        clientId: 'your client id' // set your third-party providers client ids
    }
```

### Configure the plugin

Register the plugin and apply your `authConfig`.

```js
/* main.js */
import authConfig from './authConfig';

aurelia.use
  /* Your other plugins and init code */
  .plugin('aurelia-api', config => {
    // Register an authentication hosts
    config.registerEndpoint('auth');
  })
  /* configure aurelia-authentication */
  .plugin('aurelia-authentication', baseConfig => {
      baseConfig.configure(authConfig);
  });
```

### Use AuthService in a view-model

```js
import {AuthService} from 'aurelia-authentication';
import {inject} from 'aurelia-framework';

@inject(AuthService)
export class Login {
    constructor(authService) {
        this.authService   = authService;
        this.authenticated = false;
    };

    // use authService.login(credentialsObject) to login to your auth server
    // authService.authenticated holds the current status
    // authService.getPayload() gives you the current payload object
    login(credentialsObject) {
      return this.authService.login(credentialsObject)
        .then(() => {
            this.authenticated = this.authService.authenticated;
        });
    };

    // use authService.logout to delete stored data
    // set expiredRedirect in your settings to automatically redirect
    logout() {
      return this.authService.logout()
        .then(() => {
          this.authenticated = this.authService.authenticated;
        });
    }

    // use authService.authenticate(name) to get third-party authentication
    authenticateFacebook() {
      return this.authService.authenticate('facebook')
        .then(() => {
          this.authenticated  = this.authService.authenticated;
        });
    }
}
```

### Quick authService api overview

```js
authService
  // the Rest instance of aurelia-api used for requests. '.client.client' is the used httpClient instance (from aurelia-fetch-client)
  .client
  // the current authentication status
  .authenticated
  // signup into server with credentials and optionally logs in
  .signup(credentials: Object[, RequestObtions: Object[, redirectUri: string]]): Promise<Response>
   // log into server with credentials. Stores response if successful
  .login(credentials: Object[, RequestObtions: Object[, redirectUri: string]]): Promise<Response>
  // deletes stored response. Sends optionally a logout request
  .logout([redirectUri: string]): Promise<>|Promise<Response>
  // manually refresh authentication. Needs refreshToken options to be configured
  .updateToken(): Promise<Response> {
  // link third-party account or log into server via third-party authentication. Stores response if successful
  .authenticate(provider: string[, redirectUri: string][, userData: Object]): Promise<Response>
  // unlink third-party
  .unlink(provider: string): Promise<Response>
  // get profile
  .getMe([criteria: Object|string|number]): Promise<Response>
  // update profile
  .updateMe(data: Object[,criteria: Object|string|number]): Promise<Response>
  // check if token is available and, if applicable, not expired
  .isAuthenticated(): boolean
  // get token payload if available
  .getTokenPayload(): Object
  // get the token ttl if available
  .getTtl(): Number
  // get the token exp if available
  .getExp(): Number
```

Additionally, you can use `AuthFilterValueConverter` and `AuthenticatedStep` for UI feedback.

You can find more information in the [aurelia-authentication-docs](http://aurelia-authentication.spoonx.org/).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
est le sixième album des Jackson 5, sorti sous le label Motown le . C'est aussi le premier album live du groupe, enregistré d'une part lors d'une émission de télévision en juillet qui fut diffusée le 19 septembre sur ABC, et d'autre part lors de leur concert dans leur ville d'origine le .

Il se classa en  au Billboard Top Pop Album et  au classement R&B.

Titres

 I Want You Back - Alphonso Mizell / Berry Gordy, Jr. / Deke Richards / Freddie Perren - 4:16
 Maybe Tomorrow - Alphonso Mizell / Berry Gordy, Jr. / Deke Richards / Freddie Perren - 4:19
 The Day Basketball Was Saved - D. Debenedictis / B. Angelos / B. Kohan - 7:58
 Stand! - Sylvester "Sly Stone" Stewart - 4:15
 I Want to Take You Higher - Sylvester "Sly Stone" Stewart - 2:08
 Feelin' Alright - Dave Mason - 4:12
 Medley: Walk On/The Love You Save - The Corporation - 4:57
 Goin' Back to Indiana - The Corporation - 4:47

Pochette

Photo : Larry Raphael

Liens externes
 Goin' Back To Indiana
 Discographie des Jackson 5

Notes et références

Album musical sorti en 1971
Album publié par Motown
Album des Jackson Five ou des Jacksons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Today's Question
6 Largest Ski Areas in the World
These areas offer space and size, as well as fancy five-star resorts and après-ski activities.
Marek Biernacinski
If you love to ski, you probably have your favorite go-to destinations. But does your list include some of the largest ski resorts in the world? Recognized as a snow-lover's mecca, the Alps offer more skiing per square kilometer than anyone could hope to find in the U.S. or any other non-European country. For those looking for sheer space and size over anything else—as well as incredible experiences in fancy five-star resorts offering dozens of après-ski activities—here are the world's six largest ski resorts by area.
1. Portes du Soleil – France & Switzerland
Credit: esp_imaging / iStock
Portes du Soleil is the biggest of the largest ski resorts in terms of sheer area. The fact that it lies in the Franco-Swiss domain means that its skiing areas are not entirely linked up like the others on this list. However, it must be acknowledged as the largest in square kilometers. Many individuals who prefer a fully linked resort will be annoyed by how much time it takes to go from one area to another, sometimes needing a bus just to get to the part of the resort you seek. Still, if you've ever wanted to ski France or Switzerland, where better to go than a place where you can accomplish both in one day?
2. Les Trois Vallees – France
Credit: Gosiek-B / iStock
When compared to the Les Trois Vallees (the Three Valleys), however, which is all completely connected, Portes du Soleil may seem to shrink. Offering 105 square kilometers of area where guests can ski and over 62,000 meters of combined vertical drop, this is the grandest, if not entirely the largest, ski resort of them all. The resort has been around for over 40 years and offers its patrons an option to plan their ski trips and itinerary through a personalized iPhone app.
3. Sella Ronda – Italy
Credit: Marcin Wiklik / iStock
The Sella Ronda is a bit of a mystery in terms of its actual size, as it was estimated some time ago and not again since. The circuit's length is around 40 kilometers, although it also offers a number of valleys nearby. The resort itself is seeing a rise in popularity and is more often included in lists of the world's largest ski resorts.
4. Paradiski – France
Credit: hopsalka / iStock
Paradiski connects two enormous ski areas, Les Arcs and La Plagne, which helped it become as large as it is today. Guests can cross the valley between the two areas via cable car and take in the spectacular views. The ski resort offers 264 pistes and a peak height of 3,250 meters. Guests can stay in one of three resorts, Les Arcs Paradiski, Peisey-Vallandry Paradiski, or La Plagne Paradiski, which means a different experience is possible every time an individual returns to the area.
5. 4 Vallees – Switzerland
Credit: mountainpix / Depositphotos
Guests can almost always be sure of snow coverage in this particular area, which still offers some of the most skiing by area in the world. With seven downhill trails, 500 kilometers of cross-country trails, 410 kilometers of pistes and 23 enduro trails, 4 Vallees offers individuals ski experience options that most suit their enjoyment of the sport. In addition, 4 Vallees has a strong après-ski presence, unlike any other resort.
6. Via Lattea – France & Italy
Credit: clamon / iStock
Via Lattea offers a technologically advanced opportunity to move with ease from one side of the ski resort to the other when, just a few short years ago, the act of doing so took almost all day. As one of the largest ski areas in the world, Via Lattea (Milky Way) offers three resorts in Italy and one in France, as well as nearly 250 connected runs and 70 lifts. Elevations can increase to as high as 2,800 meters when guests reach the summit of Monte Motta. Via Lattea offers visitors the chance to ski without borders, and though it is much smaller than the Portes du Soleil in terms of area, it seems truly able to deliver on this promise.
More in Geography
What Are Sand Dunes and How do They Form?
What (and Where) Is New England?
What Is the Difference Between Holland and The Netherlands?
6 Apr 2020 – 2 min read
The Most Severe Blizzards Ever Recorded
Winter wonderlands can turn deadly when inclement weather hits.
Marek Biernacinski 17 Apr 2019 • 4 min read
5 Northernmost Capitals in the World
The world's northernmost capital cities offer a bit of a different world.
Trip Trivia © 2021


Front Derailleur The updated front derailleur is slightly smaller than its predecessor maintaining the ability to shift smoothly under full load.
Brake Levers Perhaps the biggest draw of electronic shifting for triathletes is the ability to shift from the brake levers when out of aero, and the new Dura-Ace does not disappoint. The ability to shift while climbing, without breaking rhythm, can gain a rider valuable time on rolling courses. Even on flat courses, shifting at the brake levers is useful at turn- around points, as well entering and exiting transition.
With a strong return spring, Shimano's Dura-Ace brake levers offer excellent feel, especially when paired with the new DuraAce brakes. The new levers are an even bigger benefit when paired with the proprietary brakes increasingly prevalent on new Tri bikes. Brakes Shimano's Dura-Ace brakes have gained a reputation as some of the most powerful brakes available. The new symmetrical dualpivot design lives up to that reputation and couples the power with terrific modulation. The new 9000- series brakes always offer progressive and predictable braking force, allowing the rider to brake later on both wet or dry descents. There is also a new direct mount option for frames with compatible posts, offering the same excellent response in a lighter and smaller package for improved aerodynamics. Shifters Shimano now offers two options when it comes to electronic shifters, single and dual button setup. The dual button pods (which came with our test group) are similar to the previous version. The left pod controls the front derailleur, right pod controls the rear. Or vice versa, since the new Dura-Ace is programmable, you can assign the function each button performs to suit your preference.
The new single button pods are designed to shift the rear derailleur only, left for up shift, right for down shift. Designed more for time trialists, the single button setup would be a good choice for a flat fast course like Ironman Florida, or for strong cyclists who rarely need to drop into the small ring. In both cases, the new shift pods are slightly smaller than before with more rounded edges, fitting nicely in hand at the end of extensions. Junction Box and E-tube Wiring The new E-tube wiring is not only lighter and thinner, but requires no heat shrinking of connections, making for easy customization. By plugging in a diagnostic unit from your computer and connecting it to the junction box of your bike, you can program shift speed from your computer. You have the choice of four speeds to suit your preferences. The junction box also lets you charge the internal battery unit without removing it from the seatpost. Cassette The obvious change in the gruppo is the 11-speed cassette. For triathletes wanting to stay within narrow power ranges to preserve their legs, they no longer have to choose between a closely-spaced cassette for optimal cadence or a wide-ranging gear ratio for efficiency. Titanium sprockets and a carbon-fibre spider carrier for the larger gears allowed Shimano to cram the extra cog in without adding weight. Shimano Dura Ace wheels With the move to 11 speed, Shimano took the opportunity to revamp its entire wheel range. The lineup is now divided into the Accelerate (C24, C35) series, lower profile rims that makes for great all around training wheels; and the Blade series with deeper 50 mm and 75 mm profiles for aero advantage.
The new C75 wheels have been in development with Shimano pros for several years, and has finally been released. Featuring the smooth rolling and durable hubs Shimano is famed for, the C75 has a wider, blunter rim profile, that puts its aerodynamic performance on par with the latest wide rim designs from hed and Zipp. We found the new shape vastly improved crosswind handling compared to previous Shimano offerings, making the tubular only wheels usable for all but the windiest conditions. When used with Shimano's carbon specific Blue brake pads, the C75 offered some of the best braking we've experienced, with good stopping power and modulation. The C50 is useable as both a training and racing wheel, and is available in both tubular and clincher setup. Put it all together and you have a gruppo that manages to improve on something that was impressive enough before. Once again Shimano has provided lots of good reasons to think seriously about going electric.


In 1978, various US researchers argued that a signal originating from within the Soviet Union, the so-called Russian Woodpecker, was an experiment in global mind control. Thirty years on, what do we know?
Before sentencing Ira Einhorn to life in prison in 2002, Judge William Mazzola called him an "intellectual dilettante who prayed on uninitiated, uninformed, unsuspecting, inexperienced people." Judge Mazzola also berated Einhorn for mentioning psychotronics, a word he stated that was not in his dictionary and therefore did not exist.
Despite omissions from dictionaries – including Microsoft Word which continues to underline it in red – psychotronics is an interdisciplinary science concerned with the interactions of consciousness, energy fields and matter. There are thousands of references to it on the internet, and, especially, Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) used the word in introducing "The Space Preservation Act of 2001" (H.R. 2977), on October 2, 2001, well before Mazzola's judgment. Kucinich described "psychotronic" devices as weapons that were "directed at individual persons or targeted populations for the purpose of … mood management, or mind control." And whereas Mazzola seemed to think Einhorn had invented this "pseudo-science," in truth, Einhorn was merely one of the first promoters of the potential dangers relatively new technology was posing to the nations of the Earth.
Writing in the Winter 1977/78 edition of CoEvolution Quarterly, Einhorn wrote about the exact synchronicity between the so-called Woodpecker's shortwave pulses and naturally occurring alpha brainwave frequencies. In his article A Disturbing Communiqué, he advanced the opinion that the Russians were engaged in a sinister mind control experiment of Orwellian dimensions: they were sending out a specific "beam" across the Western world. Were they trying to brainwash the non-communist countries?
Posing the question was sufficient for "the Russian Woodpecker" to become associated with Einhorn. It was, for the Woodpecker, an unfortunate situation to be in, as soon, Einhorn would become the subject of a high-profile murder investigation. From the late 1970s onwards, the Woodpecker signal was thus primarily used to "prove" that Einhorn was largely "an intellectual dilettante;" research into the signal itself became marginalised.
The Russian Woodpecker was a Soviet signal that could be heard on the shortwave radio bands worldwide between July 1976 and December 1989 – the latter date marking the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union. It sounded like a sharp, repetitive tapping noise – giving rise to the "Woodpecker" name. The signal could be replicated by tapping a pencil on a table between eight and fourteen times each second.
The random frequency was heard on disrupted legitimate broadcast, amateur radio, and utility transmissions and resulted in thousands of complaints by countries worldwide to Moscow. The complaints were however non-specific: it seemed that whatever the Russians were doing, was interfering with "business as usual" in the West, and could the Russians please rectify the problem. The answer was "njet," but also invited another question: what was the signal?
Today, it is known that the signal came from the Duga-3 system, which was officially part of the Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missiles early-warning network, also known as an over-the-horizon radar (OTH) system and it is this that the Soviet Union post 1989 gave as the official explanation. In principle, it therefore seemed to be a mundane cause and purpose, tied in with the Soviet's defence system and not with a global mind control technology.
However, though Einhorn's name has become mostly associated with the conspiracy theories of the Russian Woodpecker, he was not the first to put these thoughts to paper. In The Zapping of America, published in 1977, Paul Brodeur wrote that "a report published in The New York Times on October 30, 1976, revealed that in recent months a mysterious broadband, short-wave radio signal had been broadcast intermittently from the Soviet Union. The signal was so powerful that it disrupted radio and telecommunications through the world […] Dr Zaret is concerned about the Russian signal […] because of its potential hazard to human beings […] It was very clear that such an encoding impressed onto carrier wave-lengths could have a central-nervous-system effect." Dr Milton Zaret had previously been retained to investigate the so-called "Moscow signal," in which the US Embassy in Moscow was found to be subjected to a microwave beam by Soviet authorities.
Today, most researchers tackling the Woodpecker refer to Einhorn's article, and not to Brodeur's book. Even though Mazzola argued Einhorn often tried to pass himself off as a legitimate scientist, when he was not, Einhorn seldom if ever made unsupported allegations. In this instance, he was not merely agreeing with Brodeur, but was also supported by his good friend and former military intelligence officer Lt. Colonel Thomas Bearden, USAF (Ret.), who – in retrospect correctly – claimed this signal emanated from the Soviet Union and had been traced to an installation in the cities of Riga and Gomel – near Chernobyl. He added that it was emanating from a "Tesla Generator" and even claimed that the signal was responsible for weather modification wars covertly waged upon an unsuspecting United States citizenry by the wily and unscrupulous Russians. Specifically, he held the machine to be responsible for a drought in the western states, which ostensibly caused severe effects on farming and the economy in 1976. As far as "conspiracy theories" go, Bearden's went beyond the scope of Einhorn's.
Alas, the true purpose of the Woodpecker remains the subject of speculation, largely because in the public mind, it is "merely" tied to a single allegation of a convicted murderer. But even if that were the case, what few have realised, is that Einhorn at least to some extent has been proven right.
In the 1970s, some of this "secret war for our mind" was exposed in a number of Congressional enquiries, but most commentators seem to believe, or accept, that everything stopped, and largely that – from the little information that had not been destroyed prior to the investigation began – it had been unsuccessful. Though the latter might have been the case in the mid 1970s, it is definitely clear that it did not end.
Adey had obtained a copy of the Russian-language manual describing use of the mini-Woodpecker, which said that it was a "distant pulse treatment apparatus" for psychological problems, including sleeplessness, hypertension, and neurotic disturbances. Interestingly, when the Associated Press reported on Adey's scoop, it concluded that "the LIDA may have been the forerunner of a device that is presently bombarding Europe and the United States with very powerful waves." An interesting conclusion, and a direct reference to the "big" Woodpecker.
LIDA had not been approved for use with humans in the US, though it was known that the Russians had done so since at least 1960, according to Adey. This meant that they had ample time to build a bigger version. Officially unable to test it on humans, Adey said he had put a cat in a box and turned on the LIDA: "Within a matter of two or three minutes it is sitting there very quietly […] it stays almost as though it were transfixed," he said. That would definitely qualify LIDA as a behaviour modification device – mind control.
The story becomes even more interesting when it is noted that Dr. Adey's work with the LIDA machine was funded by none other than Dr. Eldon Byrd, neuro-electromagnetic researcher, under contract to the US Navy. Byrd stated that "The LIDA machine was made in the 1950's by the Soviets. The CIA purchased one through a Canadian front for Dr. Ross Adey, but didn't give him any funds to evaluate it. I provided those funds from my project in 1981, and he determined that the LIDA would put rabbits into a stupor at a distance and make cats go into REM." This immediately reveals the role of the CIA in its acquisition, who, via a series of fronts, distanced themselves from the actual operation and testing of the tool – plausible deniability. We note that these experiments occurred in the 1980s, post the 1970 Congressional hearings, when allegedly such research had been stopped.
Whereas the CIA were officially asking what had happened to the device since the 1950s, and noting that the Soviets could have miniaturised it since, another question could be whether they had rolled it out on a grander scale. And it is definitely a curious coincidence that a similar signal was indeed beamed out by the Russians, and heard practically all over the Western world.
In short, by 1984, the CIA was fully aware of the possibility to apply "the Woodpecker" on an individual or global scale. And it must have left some CIA employees to query whether this wasn't indeed the true purpose of the Russian Woodpecker. Indeed, according to Ira Einhorn, who had infrequent contacts with the world of American intelligence, even by the late 1970s, there was unconfirmed speculation that the Woodpecker was more than it seemed and used for precisely that purpose.
A blueprint for global mind control?
The all-important question is why the Soviets would want to beam a brain-washing signal to the West. Apart from the obvious and logical answer, it was Walter Bowart, who in his revised and updated edition of his classic Operation Mind Control tackled a then emerging trend: the move away from traditional means of warfare, to non-lethal warfare, in which technologies such as ELF waves, microwaves and other forms of electromagnetic manipulation were the new rage. It was, of course, a trend that Allen Dulles had predicted. Dr. Andrew Michrowski focused on this area too, at the time stating that "The Soviets are on the verge of a break-through into a new weapons technology that will make missiles and bombers obsolete. […] They could induce panic or illness into whole nations." In short, Dulles' 1953 prediction by the late 1970s seemed to have been realised.
In 1976, Time Magazine reported that Washington had known for some 15 years that its Moscow Embassy had been bombarded with microwaves. The purpose was to jam the sophisticated electronic monitoring devices inside and on the roof of the building. But the State Department decided to launch a medical investigation of the thousands of US diplomats and their families who served in Moscow since the early 1960s. In the wake of the microwave disclosures, former embassy employees and their families recalled suffering strange ailments during their tenure in Moscow, ranging from eye tics and headaches to heavy menstrual flows. Some pointed out that former ambassadors to Moscow Charles Bohlen and Llewellyn Thompson both died of cancer, though an official link between the cancer and the microwave bombardments was never confirmed.
At the end of the Cold War, the signal was turned off, and NATO accepted the official Soviet explanation, that the signal had been an unfortunate by-product of Russia's ABM system. There are possibly good reasons why the US, whether in 1989 or 1978, when Einhorn made his allegations, wanted to keep the controversy low-key. Jerry Smith has argued that "in 1977, the US government sold the Soviets a supermagnet knowing that it was going to become part of the Woodpecker program. This magnet was a 40-ton monster capable of generating a magnetic field 250,000 times more powerful than that of the earth's magnetic field. […] The United States not only knew what it was for, they sent a team of scientists to help the Russians install it." The team installed the magnet at the Gomel site, which was near and powered by the Chernobyl reactor, which in 1986 became the focus of a nuclear tragedy. There has been speculation whether the highly unlikely scenario of this tragedy (blamed, as usual, on bad design and maintenance) might have been linked to the nearby Woodpecker; so far, nothing beyond speculation has been put forward.
The big question, today, is not whether the Russian Woodpecker could have been. Today, it is no longer a question whether the Woodpeckers would have been able to, or whether Einhorn's claims were outrageous – or dead right. Today, the question is whether the Woodpecker was coincidentally a signal that corresponded with known brainwashing frequencies, or whether it was purposefully designed as a brainwashing wave. In this scenario, allegations by Dr. Andrew Michrowski that "The Soviets are on the verge of a break-through into a new weapons technology that will make missiles and bombers obsolete. […] They could induce panic or illness into whole nations" are more than intriguing scenarios to ponder.
Should anyone dare to subject the history of the Western world between 1976 and 1989 to an analysis, might they find potential incidents in which "panic or illness" changed the course of history? Probably the biggest question to ponder is this: noting the allegation made by several qualified scientists that missiles and bombers would soon be obsolete, is it a chronological coincidence that the end of the Cold War occurred when more and more discussion about the Woodpecker began to appear in the Western media? Is it a coincidence that once the Cold War ended, the signal was turned off? Was it no longer necessary? The unthinkable question is whether the Woodpecker was indeed a form of "non-lethal warfare" that literally "eased Western minds" – zapped them with smoothing waves – into believing – or accepting – that there was no such thing as a Communist threat – paving the way for the end of the Cold War.
The question is so big, it will never receive a satisfactory answer. Some, including Judge Mazzola, will state that it is unscientific to even pose the very question. But interestingly, Francis Crick's book The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul, published in 1994, mapped Crick's foray into the "Neural Correlates of Consciousness" (NCC), an approach which suggests that consciousness is operated from a neuronal level – and that tinkering with neurons will therefore bring changes to consciousness.
Crick, coincidentally the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, stated that the 40 Mhz wave was instrumental in our perception of reality. Most NCC studies – and hence experiments – focus on vision as a means of manipulating the perception of time and space. Though ideal for laboratory experiments, in the shadowy regions in which intelligence agencies operate, where NCC was not studied for purely scientific advances but for military applications, sound would obviously have been a more preferable method: sound travels further and easier than visual displays, which require line of sight. And that the Woodpecker travelled far and strong, was in evidence when most of the Western world complained about it to the Soviets.
Whether coincidence or design, whether it deliberately, accidentally or not all modified our brain, are questions that will forever hang over the Woodpecker. In the field of electronic harassment, whether the Moscow or Woodpecker signal, the US government has shown a general unwillingness to openly investigate. But it is clear that the Woodpecker was not the lone delusion of Ira Einhorn, but widely supported by all of those who investigated the signal and/or had inroads into the world of American intelligence. In the end, the importance of the Russian Woodpecker is that even if it wasn't, all the information is there to realise it could have been. And that, in itself, is intriguing enough. And begs the question why all of the above, is not better known.
This article appeared in Paranoia Magazine, Issue 48 (Fall 2008).


Bollywood music : The background score or music plays a huge role in bollywood movies. The music is the soul of the movie. The music is what gets people to the theatres. It really does wonders for the movie. The starcast and movie also count but the music of a movie is what actually makes a difference. Bollywood has produced legends like R.D.Burman and Lata Mangeshkar.
A Bollywood movie is almost incomplete without a song. Before in olden days there used to be atleast fourteen-fifteen songs, but nowadays there are usually six-seven songs. The music of a movie makes people hum along and dance to its tunes. The new trend set in Bollywood movies are the 'dance numbers' which are an added attraction for the audiences. The background score of movies improves on the quality and speakers louder for the movie. The movie usually carries the story ahead and merges with the story. In other words music and movies are two sides of the same coin. They go together hand in hand and are incomplete without each other.
Bollywood Movies & Indian lifestyle. Everyone has a similar, boring routine to follow. Going to the cinema hall to catch a good movie adds a little spice to our otherwise monotonous lives. Bollywood movies or hindi movies have become an essential part of Indian families. Watching one of these movies is like watching a fantasy. Bollywood films been evolving from time to time. There has been a trend of love triangles lately. Bollywood movies range from emotional sagas to patriotic legends, romantic comedies to heart stopping thrillers, movies for children to bold documentaries. There is something for all kinds of audiences. There is entertainment packed for everyone. Hindi being the national language also has a national audience. Majority of India is rural so majority of the audience is also rural. Usually directors go for something, which will be accepted by audiences of all kinds but recently many directors have been experimenting and making movies on bold subjects. Sometimes movies are made to bring about awareness among the people.
These movies very beautifully express the cultures and ideas of Indians. These movies show how much importance Indians give to love, emotions and feelings. There are so many people who get together , for months, and work from morning to evening everyday and then when the product ( movie ) is ready, it is all worth it!
It is not only the actor or actress or bad guy (who always gets beaten up) who make up the movie, there are technicians, dancers, editors, make-up artists, spotboys, many people who work very hard to give us few hours of entertainment.


text:
As the World Shut Down, Travel Agents Went to Work
By: Mistie BugarinPosted on August 16, 2020
"Your call is important to us. All our representatives are currently assisting other customers. Your estimated wait time is two to three hours."
That was a message a lot of travelers heard in March as they called into online booking sites attempting to rebook their travel plans or get a refund. When they finally were able to speak to a live person, in many cases, they weren't offered much help.
Michelle Fee heard these horror stories too often.
"We heard of some people waiting on hold for over seven hours only to be told there was nothing they could do to help them," Fee says. "Unfortunately, a lot of these online booking travel agencies were designed for high volume, not a high level of service."
Fee is the CEO and founder of Cruise Planners, a home-based travel agency franchise company. A former travel agent herself, Fee has always believed in the value of having a professional travel advisor help plan your vacations. She says the pandemic has only made their value more apparent.
"When travel restrictions went into effect, travel agents sprang into action and worked around the clock to get their clients home safely, apply for refunds or credits for future travel and help them rebook a future trip. They truly served as an advocate for their clients and did everything they could to help protect their travel investment."
Navigating a Quickly Changing Landscape
Where many online travel booking sites fell short, travel advisors stepped up. They were on the phones constantly with travel suppliers, working to navigate complex and quickly changing policies, and ultimately do right by their clients, whether that meant canceling a trip entirely or rescheduling for a later date.
It required long, tedious hours, and Cruise Planners franchise owner Scott Murphy admits it's been challenging, but he feels a sense of obligation to take as much worry away from his clients as possible.
"As much as I wish I was making sales instead of refunding trips, I had to do the right thing for my clients," Murphy says. "I focused on walking them through all their options to postpone versus cancel outright so they could make the best decision for themselves."
Travel is Resilient
Despite the impact the coronavirus has had on the travel industry, travel agents remain optimistic about the future of their business.
"The travel industry is incredibly resilient," Cruise Planners franchise owner Karen Holmes says. "This isn't the first time we've been hit with a difficult situation, but people love to travel and want to get back out there as soon as possible. I'm focused on prepping for the surge in travel I know is coming."
Fee is already starting to see that pent-up demand.
She notes that although cruises remain docked, Cruise Planners is a full-service travel agency and has a steady stream of bookings for all-inclusive resorts, luxury properties and villas and local attractions that have started to welcome guests back. Bookings for 2021 also continue to rise.
"We know many travelers are still waiting for a time they feel it's safer to travel," Fee acknowledges, "but we also know there is huge pent-up demand for travel. We are seeing strong bookings already for 2021 and we expect there to be an even bigger surge once a vaccine is announced."
Cruise Planners franchise owner Anoop Mittra echoes that sentiment.
"Humans are wanderers," he says. "They want to go and see the world."
Travel Agents Will be Key to the Travel Rebirth
Fee admits it will take some time for the travel industry to fully recover and that travel might look a little different, but she knows travel agents will play a huge role in the industry's resurgence.
"Travelers are going to want to know they will be safe," she says. "But with guidelines and policies varying by destination and supplier, it can be a lot to process by yourself. Travel agents will be key to helping travelers navigate this new world and provide guidance on safe destinations and activities."
She also thinks many travelers who opted to use online booking sites in the past will not want to relive the poor experiences they endured.
"For many people, they only get to take one trip a year," Fee says. "You never think something is going to go wrong, but if it does, you want to have someone advocating on your behalf to protect your travel investment."
Why Now is the Right Time to Get Into Travel
Even though the travel industry continues to feel the effects of the coronavirus, Fee believes this is actually one of the best times to get into the travel advisor business.
"No new business is going to get up and running overnight," she says. "Now is a good time to start—you can even do it part time—so you can establish the foundation of your business, learn about the industry and be in a position to capitalize on the pent-up demand for travel in 2021."
Looking to take your travel advisor business to the next level? See how Cruise Planners gives you the tools and resources you need to be successful. Significant discounts are available to existing travel agents. Learn more at www.cruiseplannersfranchise.com.
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agentsShuttravelworkworld
UPDATE: 2 injured in Region hotel shooting, police say | Crime and Courts
Victorian coronavirus hotel quarantine nurse alleges DHHS relaxed infection controls to appease guests


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Gallagher Group may refer to:

 Gallagher Group (New Zealand), an electronics company specialising in animal management, security, and fuel systems
 Gallagher Group (UK), a civil engineering, groundworks contractor and property development company


text: meta shiny squirrel foobar element


Using "User Given Devices" is quite simple, you just need to enter a device name, for example /dev/sdz4 in the Floppy drive: combobox instead of selecting Primary or Secondary.
It is how Kfloppy recognizes the "User Given Devices" mode.
It is a security, to avoid that the user writes anything in the combobox that is by chance a device name.
Unfortunately, using any device instead of a floppy device has a few consequences. The major one is that Full Format cannot be selected anymore. Doing so will result in a error message box when trying to start the format. However you can use Zero out and quick format instead. It will not format the device, just zeroing it out, but in practice it is nearly the same; especially all data on the device will be erased.
Even if you can specify a floppy device like /dev/fd0u2880, Kfloppy will refuse to make a Full Format on it.
On Linux®, you can select any file system that you want. On BSD™, only UFS is currently supported (and not tested at time of writing this documentation).
When you are ready to format, click on the Format button as usual. You will get a message box asking you to verify the device name.
This is the last chance to check the device name before formating. After it, it is too late.


Our advertising rates are excellent value and we have some great packages for long term advertisers. An eighth of a page advert costs as little as £34 per month!
*per flyer and per month and exclude discounts.
Payable in one payment or via Direct Debit.
PLEASE NOTE: ALL FIRST ADVERTS ARE PAYABLE UPFRONT AND IN FULL.
Other artwork formats may incur an artwork charge.
Whilst every care is taken when printing, we cannot guarantee an exact colour match due to variations in print processes. Bookings are accepted on this basis only.
yourlocalflyer is delivered to 55,000 ABC1 homes throughout Milton Keynes. yourlocalflyer is also delivered to community areas in each location, such as local shops, restaurants and hairdressers making sure your advert is seen by an even wider audience.
Furzton, Emerson Valley, Westcroft, Tattenhoe, Shenley Church End, Shenley Brook End, Shenley Lodge, Oxley Park.
Broughton, Middleton & Milton Keynes Village, Monkston, Monkston Park, Kents Hill, Woolstone, Wavendon Gate, Walnut Tree, Old Farm Park, Browns Wood, Caldecotte.
Stony Stratford, Old Stratford, Two Mile Ash, Bancroft Park & Blue Bridge, Bradwell, Loughton, Great Holm, Crownhill, Medbourne, Grange Farm.
Bletchley – Derwent Drive, Poets, Racecourse, Shenley Road, Whaddon Way, Whalley Drive, Windmill Hill & Fenny Stratford.
The Villages – Drayton Parslow, Great Brickhill, Newton Leys, Newton Longville Stoke Hammond.
We deliver to all deliverable doors in each distribution areas.
Deliverable doors are doors with a street accessible letterbox. With some estates around Milton Keynes growing at a very fast rate, we can not guarantee that EVERY house on EVERY estate will receive a flyer. With so many new estates we are splitting the deliveries to these.
Below are the monthly magazine deadline dates for advertising and editorial submission.Please book your advert well in advance as we fill up VERY quickly!


Proposed legislative amendments to the Mining Act.
The Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, and Forestry (MNDMF) introduced Bill 173, the Mining Amendment Act, 2009 in the Ontario Legislature on April 30, 2009. Bill 173 passed Third Reading on October 21, 2009 and received Royal Assent on October 28, 2009.
The amendments modernize the way mining exploration is to be carried out in Ontario. The modernized Mining Act promotes balanced, sustainable development that is respectful of Aboriginal communities and private land owners, while supporting a vibrant industry and competitive investment climate.
Public Consultation on the proposal for this decision was provided for 60 Days, from May 05, 2009 to July 04, 2009.
As a result of public consultation on the proposal, the Ministry received a total of 86 comments: 0 comments were received in writing and 86 were received online.
On Monday, May 4, 2009, MNDMF posted a summary of the proposed legislative amendments to the Mining Act (Bill 173) on the Environmental Registry (#010-6559), soliciting comments from the public for a period of 60 days, ending Saturday, July 4, 2009.
At the end of the posting period, 750 responses were received regarding the legislative proposals through the Environmental Registry process. It should be noted, however, that of that 750, 86 comments were received through the Environmental Registry site directly and the other 664 comments were received through alternative media (emails, written letters, postcards).
All 86 comments received through the Environmental Registry site directly are available for public viewing by contacting the Contact person listed in this notice.
The Ministry received a wide variety of comments from a number of stakeholders from the mineral industry to environmental organizations to municipalities to private land owners.
Mineral industry stakeholders communicated a concern that the amendments may go too far in addressing issues such as Aboriginal consultation and regulation of exploration activities. A number of comments expressed concerns regarding the prospector's awareness program and the degree in which the details of the amendments will be shaped by the regulations that will be developed.
The Ministry considered all input received through this posting. Changes were made to the original proposal as reflected in the Mining Amendment Act, 2009.


eBook Crazy About Pies More Than 150 Sweet Savory Recipes For Every Occasion available at aerabooks.ml with Format PdF, ePub, Audiobook & Magazine. Please Create a FREE ACCOUNT to read or download Crazy About Pies More Than 150 Sweet Savory Recipes For Every Occasion FOR FREE.
Finally I can download and read Crazy About Pies More Than 150 Sweet Savory Recipes For Every Occasion Thank you!


The Proceedings of the Japan Academy, then the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, has been published for 100 years. The publication started in 1912. The first issue contained articles describing the outline of the Imperial Academy instead of scientific ones.
The first scientific paper appeared in issue No. 2 of volume 1 of the Proceedings in 1913. The paper entitled "The Ellipsograph of Hazama Gorobei Shigetomi" was written by Dairoku Kikuchi (see photo), the President of the Imperial Academy at that time. Kikuchi was an eminent mathematician and realized that the Japanese Mathematics developed in the Edo period (1600-1868) was quite unique and its level was as high as that of those in Western countries. Kikuchi was eager to introduce the excellent works of the Japanese Mathematics and, as one of those, described the invention of the Ellipsograph by Hazana Gorobei Shigetomi who was well-known in his research on astronomical observation.
The publication of the Proceedings was irregularly at the beginning. Since volume 2 of the Proceedings in 1926, the publication has been ten issues of each volume per year, separately for Mathematics (Series A) and Natural Sciences (Series B).


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Lemon Gallery
"TOGETHER APART" was launched on March 20, 2020. What started as a local project has grown to reach artists globally witch a collection of work from 80+ visual artists of varying mediums! Along with the gallery is a the work of 100+ local musicians put together by Into Fruition that you can listen to on Spotify - "Together Apart"
THE GOAL is to showcase how we are all connected even while apart, encourage people to make art and have something to look forward to during uncertain times and facilitate a space for artists of any level to have a voice. By collecting work digitally, we were able to curate a show that is not limited by distance (or social distance). The idea for each piece to be in the same, square format and printed at 5"x5", was to unify the work in a way that promotes all of the individual pieces as a whole. Right now it can feel difficult to find motivation or feel genuinely connected, so the hopes with this project is to help bridge parts of that gap and encourage people to be part of a collaborative effort.
ABOUT THE SHOW - SUBMISSIONS CLOSED VIEW THE VISUAL ART GALLERY HERE
Part 1: Online Gallery (May 22nd) // Part 2: Physical Show TBD
COST: Free, donations accepted at ------------ venmo: @nomelarts ----------- to support the studio
PRINTS: All prints are available for sale! For pre-order, email nomelartsbuffalo@gmail.com. Proceeds will benefit the artists, Nomel Arts and the "Together Apart" zine. Nomel Arts will be printing all submitted work at 5" x 5" to hang at our studio space at 445 Rhode Island St. for a gallery event TBD! Prints will all be framed by Five Points Framing, who is creating frames for each piece using scrap molding. We are SO EXCITED to celebrate with a gallery opening on the other side of this!
ZINE: As a way to further document this project, we will be putting together a zine with all of the submissions and information about "Together Apart" which will be for sale in the near future!
Make sure to follow us on Facebook and Instagram to stay updated!
(Don't worry, I won't send many)
Nomel Arts
Unit 156-158 UPPER
@nomel.arts.buffalo
Nomel.Arts.Buffalo@gmail.com


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Q: Rails 3.2 HTTP streaming fails (Thin server on Windows) I'm trying to get my pages to stream but I'm getting the following error:
Error 321 (net::ERR_INVALID_CHUNKED_ENCODING): Unknown error
I've tried in both Chrome, IE and Firefox.
def login
    redirect_to_stored and return if session[:user]
    if request.post?
        if session[:user] = User.authenticate(params[:login], params[:password])
            redirect_to_stored(notice: 'Login successful') and return
        else
            flash_now :alert => "Login unsuccessful"
        end
    end
    on_document_load "$('#login').focus();"
    render :layout => 'login', :stream => true
end

I get the following response headers:
Cache-Control:must-revalidate, private, max-age=0
Connection:close
Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8
Server:thin 1.5.0 codename Knife
Set-Cookie:_rails3.website_session=biglongstringhere; path=/; expires=Sat, 02-Mar-2013 01:44:38 GMT; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie:__profilin=p%3Dt; path=/
Set-Cookie:__profilin=p%3Dt; path=/
Transfer-Encoding:chunked
X-MiniProfiler-Ids:[a bunch of stuff in here (this isn't the actual text)]
X-Request-Id:695da38a40064d87cbd463c83fef0a88
X-Runtime:0.034002
X-UA-Compatible:IE=Edge

Looking in Chrome's inspector, the file 'login' shows the Status as 'failed' but when clicking it, the Status Code is 200 OK. Another thing I've noticed is that if I put the following in before the original render call, the response displays OK, but Chrome inspector still thinks the Status response was in error (like the 1st time). Is the connection being closed before the rest of the body has a chance to be delivered? I don't understand what's wrong here.
render(:text => 'test', :stream => true) and return

As an addendum, the rails log does not show any errors. It renders everything just fine.

A: I have two servers; one at work and one at home. The one at home doesn't use nginx or any downstream application to communicate with Thin. Thin on its own produces an error...but using nginx in front, the files are served appropriately. Strangely though, when I don't have any streaming explicitly enabled in my rails app, the files are still served as Content Type: chunked.
Heck, even my public website is being served as chunked...but I never had streaming enabled in Rails...so that must mean the final result is chunked but not the actual rendering of the html. How can I actually test this then?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Niall Carson/PA Wire/Press Association Images Minister Joan Burton
# troubled water?
Joan Burton: 'Eamon Gilmore has always been supportive of me and I am for him'
Recently there has been speculation that the relationship between the leader and deputy leader of the Labour Party is turning sour, but she says this is not the case.
Sep 15th 2013, 7:30 PM
MINISTER FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION Joan Burton has dismissed speculation that there is a rift between her and Labour Party leader Eamon Gilmore.
Speaking on RTE's the Marian Finucane Show this morning, she said that her relationship with Gilmore is a "professional relationship".
She said that in "a political party like the Labour Party there is a lot discussions around policies.
'Discussions'
"I like to discuss politics, sometimes that annoys some. But decisions affect people, so you have to have discussions to work out what's the best thing to do."
When asked did she believe that that her discussions irritate Eamon Gilmore, she answered:
No, I think that is just a feature of politics. He has been extremely supportive of me as deputy leader.
I would say, and Eamon has acknowledged this, that the Labour party has done particularly well, since he became leader and I became deputy leader and we have worked very well together on very important issues like that of the bank guarantee – he supported me 100 per cent.
'Friendly relationship'
She added that she has "absolutely" been there for him too.
Does that mean that we spend all our time in each others company. No. It is a political , professional relationship that is friendly but that has a lot of discussion in it, but I think that is the way it always is politics and a lot of other fields.
She said, "Eamon Gilmore has always been supportive of me and I am for him" but when asked about how she felt about not being appointed Minister for Finance she said she respected Gilmore's decision.
He made his decision, it was his call. I spoke about it at the time I said I was disappointed and surprised, but I got on with it. I have enjoyed being involved in social welfare where it is a hard time for many in the country and reforming it is a big job. I wouldn't like people to think differently.
"There is nothing decided on welfare cap" – Joan Burton>
Christina Finn
christinafinn@thejournal.ie
@christinafinn8
EAMON GILMORE JOAN BURTON LABOUR PARTY LEADERSHIP LOVE/HATE RELATIONSHIP TROUBLED WATER?
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Email "Joan Burton: 'Eamon Gilmore has always been supportive of me and I am for him'".
Feedback on "Joan Burton: 'Eamon Gilmore has always been supportive of me and I am for him'".


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14 October 2019 Diary of a Charleston Tour Guide
This week, we visit South Carolina Society Hall at 72 Meeting Street. This building is another that has played a part in the lives of Charlestonians and visitors for 215 years. When constructed as the home of the South Carolina Society in 1804 by local rice planter, attorney and gentleman architect Gabriel Manigault, there were no columns or portico in front. Those weren't added until 1825 when the exterior was updated in the classical revival style.
22 Rutledge Avenue - Manning Simons House
17 September 2019 Diary of a Charleston Tour Guide
This week we visit 22 Rutledge Avenue, the last house on Rutledge across from Colonial Lake. 22 Rutledge is an unusual construction for Charleston; the style is Renaissance Revival, and from the sidewalk there is little indication of the amount of property behind the house. Tucked behind 22 Rutledge is a carriage house, pool and lush garden.
69 Barre Street - Governor Bennett House
This week, we visit 69 Barre Street, very close to the Ashley River. The last post dealt with Washington Jefferson Bennett, who lived just a few blocks away at 60 Montagu. 69 Barre was built by his father Thomas Bennett after his term as Governor of South Carolina was completed. In addition to being Governor, Bennett was also a banker, served as Mayor of Charleston, and was a member of the South Carolina Legislature.
60 Montagu Street
27 August 2019 Diary of a Charleston Tour Guide
This week we visit 60 Montagu Street, in the area of Harleston Green and close to the Ashley River. Montagu street was named for one of Carolina's last Royal Governors, Sir Charles Greville Montagu.
60 Montagu is a large property with a grand house of approximately 9,400 square feet with formal gardens in the rear. Set on a high raised basement, this double house was built in the Adam style around 1800 by a planter and factor Theodore Gaillard, Jr.
6 Chalmers Street - Old Slave Mart Museum
The history of the enslaved African Americans brought against their will to the port of Charleston in the 17th , 18th and 19th centuries is similar to peeling back the layers of an onion – there's always another layer to discover. The best place to begin to unpack the institution of slavery in Charleston is the Old Slave Mart Museum at 6 Chalmers Street, open Monday-Saturday, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Built in 1859, this structure is the only surviving example of a slave auction house or gallery in South Carolina, and it has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975.
19 East Battery
19 East Battery is the newest house on this historic strip, turning 99 years old this year. This double house constructed of brick on a raised basement with a double side piazza was designed in 1920 by Albert Simons, a native and famous architect son of Charleston. With almost 7,000 square feet, "the gold house" as it is often referred to, is an early 20 th century Charleston mansion.
332 East Bay Street - Primrose House
332 East Bay Street was built in 1817 in the Regency style. This stuccoed brick home, painted a cheery yellow, has side piazzas and a curved piazza on the front. Since 332 East Bay sits on a corner with a small business strip to one side with a substantial garden on the other side of this large lot, Primrose House stands out in the immediate vicinity.
30 July 2019 Diary of a Charleston Tour Guide
15 Church Street is part of the early 18 th century extension of Church Street after Vanderhorst Creek (now aptly named Water Street) was filled in. The property was originally owned by Captain Timothy Phillips of the Revolutionary War era, but the present house dates from 1842. The front of the property gives no indication of the size of this large property with dependency buildings.
59 Tradd Street
59 Tradd Street is a jewel of a property, built by John Dart in 1773. 59 Tradd is a single house with approximately 2800 square feet, a small house by Charleston standards and the color of butter.
In the early part of the 20 th century, 59 Tradd became home to a young Alicia Rhett, one of Charleston's most famous residents. Alicia was born in Savannah, but she was what Charlestonians would call well connected.
28 South Battery
This week we simply go next door from last week's post and visit 28 South Battery, built in 1860. While we don't have a sprawling Italian villa like 26 Battery, we do have the second floor arcades that mimic the house next door.
This approximately 5,000 square foot house was built by George S. Cook, the famous Civil War photographer. Cook, an orphan, later attempted several unsuccessful careers, but found his calling when the daguerreotype was born. He would set up a studio in a town, teach photography, then sell his business to his students and move to another town. He finally came to Charleston in 1849, built 28 South Battery the same year South Carolina seceded from the Union, and proceeded to document the Civil War here in photographs. Cook is also known for his photographs of the 1886 earthquake in Charleston.
18 June 2019 Diary of a Charleston Tour Guide
This week we visit 32 South Battery, just a few doors down from last week's post. Built around 1782, 32 South Battery originally enjoyed a front row view of the Ashley River and Charleston Harbor across what is now White Point Gardens, the first public park in Charleston. The view is still good, and the mansion commanded a huge price when it was sold in 2015: $7.72 million.
32 South Battery was built for Colonel John Ashe, a wealthy gentleman who made his fortune in shipping; appropriately, the framing of the house used wooden pegs similar to those in shipbuilding. The construction is attributed to Mr. Miller of the Miller and Fullerton partnership. Miller's partner was Scottish master builder John Fullerton whose name is associated with several grand houses in Charleston during this era.


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Civil Aviation Authority to Replace DGCA
On Feb 20,2013
The Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ajit Singh today said that Civil Aviation Authority, (CAA) will soon replace the Directorate General of Civil Aviation(DGCA). Addressing a press conference, the Minister said that the Bill for creation of the Authority is likely to be introduced in the second part of the Budget session of Parliament. The Civil Aviation Authority will be headed by a Chairperson who will be supported by Director-General and seven to nine members. Chairperson, DG and Members will be appointed by the Central Government on the recommendation of a Selection Committee. In this backdrop, the CAA would take over the responsibilities of the DGCA in areas like air safety, airspace regulation, setting aviation standards, licensing of airlines, pilots, air traffic controllers and consumer protection.
It would have financial and operational autonomy to take expeditious decisions on matters relating to a range of activities. It will have power and authority to call for information including financial information and conduct investigations, power to issue directions, power of seizure, power to punish any person, operator, company or a Government Department, if they fail to comply with its orders or directions and the punishment will be in the form of fine as prescribed under the Rules.
The Authority shall have full financial autonomy and shall have a separate fund, the Civil Aviation Authority of India Fund which will be used for all expenses of the authority in connection with the discharge of its functions including salaries etc. The Authority will be a self-funding entity duly authorized by the Government and will have power to fix and collect fees and charges for all functions, duties and services required to be performed by the Authority. Authority may levy charges for safety oversight functions of the air navigation services, safety fee from the passengers for safety oversight functions and safety fee for surveillance inspection of air transport operators etc. with the prior permission of the Government. It is proposed to create this fund by collecting fee from air navigation service providers and passengers in additional to the budgetary support given by the Government.
The main functions and powers of the proposed CAA, which would replace the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) will be to regulate civil aviation safety and provide for the better management of civil aviation through safety oversight of air transport operators, airport operators, air navigation service operators and providers of civil aviation services. It will also issue licenses, certificates, permits, approvals etc. required to be issued under the Aircraft Act, 1934 and Aircraft Rules. Besides, it will also provide environment regulations for airports, airlines and other civil aviation activities and protect interest of the consumers.
The minister said that the reasons for establishment of Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) are because of shortage of trained human resource, its inability to recruit and retain adequate manpower due to procedural and structural problems. The manpower has remained the same over the years though passenger traffic, cargo and aircraft movements have increased manifold. Therefore, DGCA is overloaded with increased work and under-staffed. It has limited delegation of financial powers and incapable to make adequate structural changes to meet the demands of a dynamic Civil Aviation sector.This necessitates replacement of DGCA with CAA which will have more administrative and financial power to deal with the fast changing domestic and global aviation scenario.
…is it just lightening the burden of dgca with caa or total replacement of dgca by caa ?.. can u gv me the link of the draft proposal bill or anything of kind in original ….
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A variety of Adelaide Hills grown pears and apples are used to create complexity in flavour by balancing the malic and citric acid in the fruit.
This recipe is slow cooked on low temperatures to retain the delicate and pretty flavours.
As with all our pastes, we only use natural pectin to set the product.
This results in a beautiful spreadable consistency and retains the fruits natural flavour.
Click here to find your nearest stockist OR click here to add the pear paste to a Grazing Box and allow us to handcraft your entertaining solution for you.
Serving suggestion: The pear paste is the most delicate of the paste range and its pretty flavours match a vache curd, ricotta or balance out the robust flavour of a blue cheese or a beautifully aged, crumbly cheddar.
The pear paste is a wonderful addition to a breakfast menu or a dessert.