text:
Al-Khasawneh è stato anche Ambasciatore di Giordania in Egitto, Francia, Kenya, Etiopia, Unione africana, Lega araba e UNESCO. È stato anche coordinatore generale e direttore dell'Ufficio del processo di pace e dei negoziati in Giordania.
È sposato con l'attrice e giornalista Rana Sultan.

Studi
 Laurea in Diritto presso l'Università della Giordania.
 Diploma esecutivo in contro-radicalizzazione e antiterrorismo presso la National Defense University.
 Diploma esecutivo in politiche pubbliche della John F. Kennedy School of Government dell'Università di Harvard.
 Master in International Affairs, Diplomacy and Economics presso SOAS, University of London.
 Master in diritto internazionale e dottore in giurisprudenza presso la London School of Economics and Political Science.

Incarichi
 Ministro degli Affari Esteri.
 Ministro degli affari legali.
 Presidente del Consiglio dei comitati legali dei ministri della Giordania.
 Membro delle commissioni per lo sviluppo economico, i servizi e gli affari sociali del Consiglio dei ministri della Giordania.
 Professore a tempo parziale presso la facoltà di giurisprudenza dell'Università della Giordania e l'Istituto giordano di diplomazia.
 Direttore generale del Jordan Information Center.
 Consigliere del Primo Ministro della Giordania presso l'Ufficio di Legislazione del Primo Ministro.
 Ambasciatore del Regno hascemita di Giordania al Cairo.

Altri progetti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ASBO International has been the voice of school business professionals for more than 100 years, and in FY2018, we remained committed to being your source of information and resources and your advocate.
The ASBO International annual report summarizes our fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, and highlights this year's successes.
Download ASBO International's 2018 Annual Report.


If you own property that qualifies for Section 8's "tenant-based" rental assistance, your tenant is likely a low-income earner. This federal initiative utilizes the Housing Choice Voucher program to help tenants pay for rent and utilities. Today, there are roughly 5 million low-income recipients in the United States. Property owners who rent to Section 8 tenants often have stories that run the gamut of experiences from extremely problematic and divisive to idyllic and rational.
If you currently own a home that is inhabited by Section 8 tenants and you aren't pleased with the way they are treating your property, fulfilling their financial obligations, or interacting with neighbors, you might be wondering how you can sell your house fast in Raleigh, NC. Fortunately, our "sell my house fast for cash" services ensure any home, regardless of age, quality, or condition will be sold. In this two-part series, we will discuss how you can prepare your Section 8 housing for a fast sale.
If your home is currently being rented by Section 8 tenants, the buyer will be responsible for taking over the lease. The leasing terms for Section 8 housing typically run for a year. Either you or the prevailing owner must honor this lease. However, if the tenant is paying month-to-month, the new owner is only responsible for giving the tenant a 60-day notice to vacate. This can create friction when putting your property on the traditional market. However, you can get an instant cash offer for your home today by contacting the home investors at Real Estate Solutions Providers.
The main issue when trying to sell your Section 8 property, is that the Housing Assistance Payments (HAP) contract formed between you and the Public Housing Agency (PHA) must be transferred to the new owner or they will be required to pay rent costs. This is another challenge facing many property owners who are hoping to sell their Section 8 housing.
If you decide to sell your Section 8 housing, you want to be certain that you follow the correct procedures or you could find yourself facing costly penalties. Always keep PHA informed about how you plan to proceed with your sale. It's important that you allow your tenant to inhabit your property until you have spoken with a representative of the PHA. You could potentially face severe consequences for moving your tenant within the initial terms of the lease.
Parting ways with your Section 8 housing can help alleviate the stress of owning property you no longer want to be responsible for. If you are thinking, "how can I sell my house fast for cash?" you should contact a home investor from Real Estate Solutions Providers. Keep reading part two to learn more.


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Bread and Roses TV
Islam and the "culture of offence": missing the point
Posted by Maryam Namazie
Charlie Hebdo, free expression, Islam, Islamism, offence
First published in Open Democracy on 12 February 2015
In the age of ISIS, dissent and criticism of religion is a life and death necessity. It has been – and remains – key for human progress.
Dissent and criticism of religion has always been a crucial aspect of free expression. Historically, it has been intrinsically linked with anti-clericalism and the dismantling of that which is deemed taboo, sacred and untouchable by the gatekeepers of power.
Such criticism has been key for human progress and is still needed. In the age of ISIS, this criticism is a life and death necessity for those living under Islamism's boot.
So yes, I am Charlie – no ifs and buts.
Those who condemn the massacre in Paris but blame Charlie for "offending Muslim sensibilities" (implying that they somehow got what they deserved) have bought into the Islamist narrative that "Muslims" are more offended by cartoons than mass murder.
This is validated by multiculturalism as a social policy and cultural relativism, which sees Muslim "communities" and "societies" as homogeneous and one and the same with the religious-Right.
So even though there is a rich historical and artistic tradition of depicting Mohammad, Islam's prophet, over many centuries, it's deemed offensive today.
And despite many Muslims or those labelled as such have sided with Charlie, it is the terrorists/fascists who are deemed to be the "authentic" Muslims.
The homogenised "culture of offence" discounts the many believing secularists, feminists, freethinkers, and atheists and socialists amongst those deemed "Muslim".
It ignores the widespread dissent and resistance, which can also be seen in response to Charlie.
An Algerian copy editor Mustapha Ourad was gunned down in Charlie's hallway.
Many "Muslims" joined rallies and held up "Je Suis Charlie" signs or pens.
A French Muslim cafe owner was threatened for putting up a "Je Suis Charlie" sign in his East London cafe.
Lassana Bathily, the Malian-born Muslim employee hid customers at the Paris kosher supermarket saving lives.
Even in Iran – a theocracy where blasphemy, heresy, apostasy, enmity against god, and another 130 offences are punishable by death – Nasrin Sotoudeh, a human rights lawyer showed her solidarity whilst journalists trying to rally in support of Charlie were attacked and prevented from protesting by security agents wielding clubs and chains.
An Iranian newspaper was shut down for publishing a photo showing solidarity with Charlie. In Turkey, two columnists from a daily are facing an investigation for 'religious defamation' after featuring the Charlie cover.
Cartoonists across the Arab world – from Egypt to Lebanon to Qatar and Jordan took a stand with Charlie and against the terrorists.
And still we are told that Charlie offended "Muslims" and must be held to account!
Clearly not all Muslims were offended, and even those who were did not go on to kill for it.
What is packaged as the "culture of offence" is really Islamism's imposition of blasphemy laws and theocracy under the pretext of respect for "Muslim sensibilities".
Only in Europe of course does this far-Right fascist movement use "offence" to silence and censor.
In countries where they have state power, there is no need for such niceties.
In Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq and Syria, the "offenders" are called what they are – apostates and blasphemers – and legally murdered in broad daylight in the same way Charlie Hebdo's journalists were "executed".
Terrorism and indiscriminate violence, including via Sharia laws, have been pillars of Islamist rule for decades, aiding in creating a climate of fear and as a warning to those who refuse to submit.
The "culture of offence" absurdly implies that civility and manners are all that are needed to stop abductions and the slaughter of generations from Nigeria, Iran to Algeria.
But the "culture of offence" is a smokescreen. It serves to legitimise Islamist terror and blame the victims.
It misses the point.
Islamism is an international far-right movement that has murdered innumerable Charlie Hebdos over several decades across the Middle East, North Africa, Asia, including many "Muslims", who have dared to speak or mock or just live 21 century lives prohibited by the Islamists.
Being a woman, a freethinker, being gay, being unveiled, improperly veiled, an atheist, going to school, driving a car, having sex, falling in love, laughing out loud, dancing… "offends" them.
Calling for civility, censorship, silence or "respect" for the "offended" is merely heeding the Islamist demand for submission at the expense of dissenters.
But as Rosa Luxemburg said: "Freedom is always the freedom of dissenters".
So yes, I am Charlie but I am also the many Muslims, ex-Muslims and none who dissent day in and day out often at great risk to themselves.
I am freethinker Raif Badawi, sentenced to 10 years in prison and 1000 lashes for a website promoting public discussion of religion and politics which has been deemed "insulting of to Islam" by the Saudi regime.
I am 30 year old blogger Soheil Arabi, sentenced to execution in Iran for "insulting the prophet" on Facebook.
I am poet Fatma Naoot, on trial for "insulting Islam" in Egypt due to her criticism of Islamic animal slaughter.
I am 28 year old Mauritanian journalist and anti-slavery activist Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mkhaitir who has been sentenced to death in December 2014 for "insulting the prophet".
I am 32 year old Egyptian journalist Bishoy Boulous Armia who has been given a five-year prison sentence for causing "sectarian strife" and "insulting Islam" because he reported on the persecution of Christians in Egypt.
I am the artists and writers in the Gaza Strip who face a campaign calling for their murder for "insulting Islam".
I am Jakarta Post editor-in-chief, Meidyatama Suryodiningrat , accused of blasphemy for a caricature on ISIS, which according to an Islamist group filing a complaint, has "insulted Islam".
I am Algerian novelist Kamel Daoud who has had calls for his execution because of "insults [to] Allah".
I am bloggers Tan Jye Yee, 26, and Vivian Lee, 25, charged in Malaysia under the Sedition Act for insulting Islam and Ramadan in Facebook.
I am women's rights campaigner Souad al-Shammary who has been imprisoned since 28 October 2014 on accusations she has "insulted Islam" and the prophet in Saudi Arabia for demanding an end to male guardianship rules for women.
I am 47 year old British-Iranian Roya Nobakht was sentenced to 20 years in prison in Iran for "insulting Islam" when she said on Facebook that the Iranian regime was "too Islamic".
I am 49 year old mother of five Asia Bibi has been in prison for five year awaiting execution for blasphemy in Pakistan.
I am 27 year old Mohsen Amir-Aslani hanged in September 2014 in Iran for insulting prophet Jonah and making 'innovations in religion' through interpretations of Qur'an.
And I am Muhammad Shakil Auj, Dean of the faculty of Islamic Studies at the University of Karachi, was shot dead by gunmen in September 2014 two years after being accused of blasphemy.
So yes, I am Charlie, Raif and Roya – no ifs and buts.
I am, we are, all of them.
This is a slightly adapted version of a speech by Maryam Namazie in tribute to Charlie Hebdo and others, given at the Conference on Sharia Law, Apostasy and Secularism held in London, 7 February 2015.
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On Paris and Copenhagen: Islam and the "culture of offence": missing the point
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MIAMI -- When Martin Gill met two young brothers named John and James, whom he later adopted, they had ringworm and no smiles. Four years later, at ages 4 and 8, their smiles come easily.
When Dennis Baxley met an 8-month-old baby named Jeff, whom he too adopted, the boy had been shaken to the point of brain damage and blindness. Baxley said they had an "instant bond".
For all three children, adoption meant rescue from abuse or neglect.
But Baxley is among several Christian leaders who doesn't think Gill should have been allowed to adopt.
Now the state Legislature is faced with a bill aimed at overturning the state's 1977 ban on gay adoption, and Florida's Third District Court of Appeals must resolve a lawsuit over the issue stemming from Gill's case. The case is likely to move on to the Florida Supreme Court.
The court case will likely resolve questions posed by gay rights advocates before the bill does.
The legislation is expected to die without coming to a vote before the Legislature adjourns next week.
"This year the bill is not going to be going anywhere to be honest with you," said the sponsor, Sen. Nan Rich, D-Sunrise. "The best chance to get a change in this state ... will be with Gill."
The high court will hold preliminary hearings soon on Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Cindy Lederman's ruling that allowed Gill to adopt the boys in November. Her ruling said the ban violates equal protection rights for the children and their prospective gay parents.
"I may not be the world's greatest parent," Gill said. "But for those two kids I'm the best parent."
Former state legislator Baxley and other conservatives want the state to maintain its gay adoption ban and support the Department of Children and Families' decision to fight Lederman's ruling and the Legislature's decision for a seventh straight year to maintain the law.
They say it's better for the children to remain in foster care and keep their chance to be adopted by a heterosexual person or couple than to be adopted by a gay person or couple. More than 3,000 children in Florida's foster care system await adoption, most of them having suffered abuse or neglect.
"Lederman's decision is wrong," said John Stemberger, president of the Florida Family Policy Council. "She asked, 'Is there any harm done by being in a gay family?' Well, that's not that the standard. The standard is what's best for kids."
He said the bill is "dead" because it's bad policy.
Florida allows gays to foster, but not adopt. Michigan, Mississippi and Utah disallow unmarried couples to jointly adopt, which rules out gay couples.
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association both support allowing gays to adopt, saying there is no evidence that being raised by a gay person is harmful. Stemberger says such groups are biased.
"I don't trust those organizations because they're not doing consensus reports," Stemberger said. "Most of those organizations have very politicized committees that are making those decisions."
Stemberger referred to studies from some sociology professors and the Center for Law and Social Policy. A director from the organization said children live better with their married, biological parents, but the group does not take a position on gay marriages or gay parents.
A psychologist testifying for the state in the Gill case said gay parents provide unfavorable homes because they are less stable and more prone to depression, substance abuse and disorders.
But that was a minority opinion in Lederman's courtroom. Numerous experts in child psychology, social work and other fields testified that there is no science to justify a gay adoption ban.
Even DCF attorney Neil Skene acknowledged Gill "is a wonderful foster parent."
Lederman wrote in her ruling the brothers are Gill's "now and forever." It will probably be several months before the higher court rules in the case. Gill refuses to think he might lose.
"I kind of refuse to believe that that can happen," Gill said, lowering his voice. "That may not be the best legal statement, but I can't go there."


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Home >News >India >Indian cities need urgent reform to unlock their potential, says report
IDFC Institute's report on Reforming Urban India (Jithendra M/Mint)
Indian cities need urgent reform to unlock their potential, says report
2 min read . Updated: 29 Jul 2019, 10:33 AM IST Pretika Khanna
Indian cities are more urban than recognised and contribute between 59% and 70% of India's GDP, says report
The survey says that Indian cities fall behind international peers on the staff-to population ratio
Indian cities need urgent reform in order to unlock their economic potential and transform quality of life, according to IDFC Institute's report on Reforming Urban India. The report suggests that the new National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government needs to focus on recognising the extent of urban growth, improve land utilisation, empower urban local bodies and invest in public transport networks.
According to IDFC institute, a think-tank, Indian cities are more urban than recognised and contribute between 59% and 70% of India's gross domestic product. The two month old NDA government in their budget for FY 2019-20 has budgeted approximately ₹48,000 crore for the ministry of housing and urban affairs which is a 11.8% increase since last year's budget.
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Given the rapid rate of urbanisation, the survey says that existing cities suffer from neglect due to unacknowledged development. "Air quality and congestion are worsening, house prices continue to soar, and amenities and services like clean water, public spaces, public transport, and solid waste management are severely deficient. The local bodies entrusted to govern cities do not have sufficient finances, expertise, or personnel to plan for and address these challenges," the report said.
Census 2011 estimates that 31% of India is urban. However, the report says that alternative definitions peg India's urbanisation rate to be anywhere between 47% and 65%.
"It is worth revisiting incentives and policies that disproportionately benefit rural areas so that they do not become reasons for residents to resist conversion from rural local bodies to urban local bodies," the report suggested.
Missions such as the Smart Cities Mission, to develop 100 smart cities and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) were launched by the NDA government between 2014 and 2019.
The report suggests that the existing land use planning process should be replaced with a more flexible approach, including a mechanism to review and change plans periodically. It adds that a significant share of land in cities, owned by various public authorities, is either being used suboptimally or kept vacant. According to the survey, this use of this land should be optimised by creating a detailed inventory of land ownership and use and then identifying suitable strategies such as leasing, outright sale, providing public housing.
The survey says that Indian cities fall behind international peers on the staff-to population ratio. Janaagraha's Annual Survey of India's City-Systems reports that Mumbai has approximately 1,300 staff for every 1,00,000 citizens, compared to New York, which has about 5,000 employees per 1,00,000 citizens.
To address the severe capacity constraints and weak finances, the report suggests that urban local bodies can begin to address their lack of capacity through training their employees in financial and risk management, organisational and administrative matters, design, and implementation of projects.
"As the engines of growth, cities should receive a larger slice of the revenue pie. One recommendation is to allocate a portion of Goods and Services Tax collections for cities. Equally, cities should augment their own revenue collection via property taxes, user charges, and municipal bonds," the survey suggests.


Classic Pinot Grigio flavors, but nice & refined. It is marvelously crisp & bright, great acidity, with a bit of a floral quality to it. Lemon & white flowers on the nose round out this clean, dry, lemon-zest-forward wine.


To the untrained eye, social media is a useless tool for growing sales. You can't directly sell on the site, and likes and retweets do not always equal sales growth. So how can Facebook or Pinterest lead to more sales and lead generation?
Don't ever underestimate the power of social media for sales. On those platforms, your audience awaits you, and if you're too slow to create accounts, your competitors will get to them before you. Social media is one of the best tools out there to simultaneously promote your brand, generate strong leads and, most importantly, grow your sales.
In order to make these platforms work for you, you have start creating accounts and building a presence. Follow these four effective tips for using social media to generate sales and see what a little social media marketing can do for you.
Social media marketing is never a one-stop show , especially when you're trying to generate sales and leads. This first step takes a lot of work, but as you go, you'll truly learn who your audience is and how you should go about reaching them.
After opening your accounts, begin by regularly posting. Some marketers believe you shouldn't post every day as it's "too much," but it's not really too much until your audience says so. Post articles, ask questions of your audience and invite them to share your page and visit your site. Connect your social media accounts so your posts reach consumers on multiple platforms. Remember, not everyone has a Facebook and Twitter account. Though they are usually the largest, some users stay on more targeted sites like Pinterest and Instagram so you want to be sure you're reaching out to them as well.
Using Google Analytics. Image source: Google Analytics Blog.
Your customers are online at this time. If you continue to post at or around this time, you have a better chance of reaching your audience.
You're posting the right kind of content that people are responding to. Keep at it and find new ways to get people commenting on your posts.
From here, you can be better assured that you're reaching your target audience, and you're giving them good information that they want and will return for again and again. Always keep looking for new ways to improve this. Periodically, you should be posting at other times of the day to see if there is a demographic you are missing.
This first step is also easier if you have an analytics tool like Google Analytics. With this one tool, you'll be able to monitor all sorts of activity on your website and your social media accounts. You'll see how long the average person is staying on your website and how high or low your bounce rate is.
From here, you'll be better able to see where improvements and adjustments can be made, just like Nissan Motor Company does. The car manufacturer uses Google Analytics to better understand their users' preferences, such as colour, make and model, while still measuring conversion rates. Google Analytics was able to provide both features and help Nissan better tailor its ads and campaigns.
With all of your various social media posts, you'll have so much data to better predict what your audience is looking for and turn leads into sales .
Google Analytics case study of Nissan Motor Company.
Every social media marketer worth his or her salt knows that having Facebook and Twitter accounts are essential. They have the biggest number of members, and those members are as diverse as any. From teenagers to their grandmas, you can find them on either Facebook or Twitter. Most marketers will also recommend their clients create other accounts with Pinterest, Instagram and YouTube to attract a more dedicated audience.
But did you know that social media really reaches beyond these platforms? Did you ever consider blogging, podcasts or live chats? These forms of social media are often overlooked because your audience isn't immediately present. You have to work to gain an audience , but once you start and get going, your audience's effect on your sales will be felt much harder than on Facebook or Twitter.
Blogging is one of the best ways to establish a lasting relationship and conversation with potential clients. It's a great way to keep clients coming back to your site over and over as you post more content. Google's algorithm also pushes websites that are frequently updated higher in their search results so you'll have an added search engine optimisation advantage over your competitors.
Similar to blogs, podcasts bring relevant content to your audience on a weekly or monthly basis, or really as often as you like. Many consumers like to see who they're buying from, and if people can connect your face to your brand, they'll be more likely to remember you. Podcasts also offer you the chance to host interviews with other industry experts as well as panel discussions about big news in your industry.
Live chats allow you to respond to consumers and connect with them. Platforms, such as Reddit's "Ask Me Anything" threads and Google Plus's hangouts, bring interested consumers to the table to get real, honest answers to their questions. This is a great opportunity for you to show off your personality and illustrate what makes your company stand out from your competitors.
No one does this better than Marriott International, the hotel chain that excels at business blogging. CEO and writer Bill Marriott maintains an authentic voice and honest rendering of his life and his experiences throughout each article. Written from his perspective, the blog tackles Marriott's personal adventures as well as his views on the hotel industry, offering personal advice for business success. Who better to take advice from than one of the biggest hotel owners in the world?
Bill Marriott's blog gives a personal touch.
This is by far the best use of these mediums: establish yourself as an expert within your community. By writing creative content that offers helpful information to readers, you present yourself as more than just a seller. You're someone who is active in his or her industry, someone who's always looking out for the next advancement or the latest news. Your audience will come to see you as someone they can trust for honest advice and an answer to their industry questions.
When it comes time to buy, you'll be the one they go to.
A good social media marketer can take this and apply it to the content you've just created. You worked hard on it, and it's generating quite the buzz around Facebook and other social media sites. More people are sharing it, and traffic is coming in more steadily to your site. Now how to you turn avid readers into avid clients?
It's simple: don't give away your content. Make your audience work for the great content they know you provide.
This tactic works best if you offer a teaser of your content. Allow users to see the first 100 words of your article or the first 30 seconds of a video. This will both intrigue and entice buyers. Before they can move any farther down the screen, ask them to either fill out a form or sign into their free account with your site.
By asking your reader or viewer to fill out a form, you ensure that you have a consumer who is genuinely interested in you and your product or service. They want the latest updates from your industry, and they know that a quality product or service is worth a few seconds of paperwork. Ask for their name, email, and why they're visiting your site. . You might also ask for how they found your site.
In turn, you'll be able to pass on your lead to a sales person or better direct your marketing efforts towards assisting your consumers' most common problems. You'll also see how people are finding you and get ideas on how people can better find out about you.
For ecommerce sites, it's almost essential for buyers to have their own accounts. They can put their favourite items on wish lists or in their shopping cart, which then allow you to see which products are selling the best and how you can better promote those products.
The One Question uses a different approach to get leads.
Your lead generation tactics don't always have to be forms or accounts. Get creative like the people at The One Question (T1Q). Their home page asks, "What should I do with my life?" Viewers are then invited to take a short quiz to help them discover an answer, which requires giving T1Q an email address. Boom! A lead is generated, and now the user can work towards answering that question with the great content on T1Q's site.
Now admittedly, some will turn back, but those who don't are going to be stronger leads. Your form doesn't have to be elaborate. In order to get an account, a customer should only need their name, a valid email address and maybe their birthday. Either feature should only take about 30 seconds to fill out, long enough to get some good information and short enough not to lose their attention.
Social media isn't always about posting questions on Facebook or blogging. Some lead generation and sales growth can come from directly responding to people who either are talking to you or about you. Traditionally, businesses have remained stoic, announcing new information through press releases, but with social media, more businesses are interacting with their customers, and it's showing potential for major sales growth.
Start by interacting with your clients through comments and tweeting back to them. You'll show them that you value their input and opinion without coming on too strong. Be yourself and answer in the same voice that writes for your blogs and articles.
A company's social media account can serve as a customer service extension.
You should also be posing questions regularly to garner feedback on how you're perceived and what your company could do better. Customers love it when their voices are heard and taken seriously, and if you don't open your mouth, how will you ever know?
No one really likes getting negative comments or complaints, but they can provide you with an opportunity to show clients that you take responsibility for your company and you're willing to go the extra mile to please them. If you handle a tense situation with open communication and a genuine desire to make things better, your customers will be more likely to look past the negative comment, respect you for facing the problem head-on and continue to buy from you.
Don't forget about comment sections on blogs and articles. This is where your industry goes to discuss the subject and further debate or ask questions. Who better to answer those questions than a real expert? By answering these questions and providing links to your site, readers will start coming to you for more advice.
This tactic is especially effective if you're on your competitor's website. Don't badmouth their company, but show that you are equally as competent and also have great ideas to share.
Kimpton Hotels and Restaurant uses Twitter as a social listening desk.
One of the best examples of this is Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants, a master of using Twitter to its full advantage. The company hired four people to monitor what they call the social listening desk, a position all about watching what people were posting about the company and responding back in creative and memorable ways. When one guest complimented the hotel but mentioned she was feeling unwell all in a tweet, the front desk sent her tea, soup and a kind get-well-soon card. The desk is also monitoring guests' birthdays and other special occasions so they can make them extra special.
You might not have the man power to routinely monitor every tweet or post to your Facebook page, but the main takeaway point here is that you should be looking for opportunities to interact directly with consumers . By showing them that you care and you'll go out on a limb for them, you're giving them a lasting reminder that when they go to book a trip or order a dress, they're going to go to you first.


Our lab focuses on understanding the dynamics of genome organization in human cells, and how these dynamics shape cell fate in differentiation, cellular reprogramming, and cancer. We have a dual approach of generating time series data in-house using human cells and by using mathematics to identify patterns in data and fill in major unknowns. Another topic we are interested in is emergence of function. Recently we built a highly idealized mathematical foundation that combines genome (within cell) and diffusion (between cell) dynamical forces. The trade-off between these forces gives rise to the emergence of function in a tissue.


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Posts Tagged 'Gripen NG'
A fighter for Canada
Posted by picard578 on December 21, 2015
Canada is a Western country that at the first look has most at common with Russia. It is huge, but vast majority of its population is concentrated in a narrow swath of land to the south, near the US-Canadian border. It borders United States to the south and west, while to the east is rest of the NATO and to the north is inhospitable Arctic, with its vast natural riches and strategic importance.
Defense of northern Canada depends mostly on three or four forward operating locations – fourth one is the only with permanently assigned squadron, and that one consists of transport aircraft. Only the far east and south of Canada have proper air bases. CF-18s are based in Bagotville to the extreme south-east and Cold Lake to the south-west. Extreme north is patrolled by long-range patrol squadrons using CP-140 Aurora aircraft; no fighter aircraft are present there on a continuous basis, despite primary mission of Canadian fighter jets being to patrol Canadian airspace. Main warning system is a chain of radar stations making up the North Warning System (DEW Line). Read the rest of this entry »
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged: Canada, F-18E, F-35, fighter aircraft, fighter for Canada, fighter selection, Gripen, Gripen NG, JAS-39, lightning II, Rafale, SAAB Gripen, Super Hornet, Typhoon, vs | 22 Comments »
Posted by picard578 on March 16, 2013
AIRFRAME PERFORMANCE
Contrary to some claims, F-35 has rather simple and conventional aerodynamics. Basic configuration is similar to F-16, however lack of LERX, and use of lower-performance but stealth-friendly chimes for high AoA lift enhancement, means that it will have far less body lift than F-16 to help compensate for its high wing loading, and wing lift will also be smaller at high AoA. Result will be (for a modern fighter) disastrous turn rate.
Further, it has internal carriage, which adds drag compared to low-drag AAMs and pylons, and its far higher weight also means more inertia that has to be overcome.
Gripen is, on the other hand, built for maneuverability. Close-coupled canards, wing-body blending, and wing shape all help increase lift during maneuvers, allowing aircraft to both achieve higher angles of attack, and to turn tighter at same angle of attack. Particularly canards create vortices that reattach air flow to the wing at high angles of attack. Aside from helping air flow over the wing, Gripen's canards also help air flow over the body. Canard also has advantage over tail as the control surface – as center of gravity for modern aircraft is towards rear of the aircraft, usage of canard results in longer moment arm than it is case with tail. Further, Gripen has large degree of wing-body blending, and it's wing loading is also far lower than that of F-35.
While thrust-to-weight ratio is below 1 for both aircraft, Gripen has far lower drag than F-35, partly compensating for F-35s superior thrust-to-weight ratio. While F-35 achieves maximum of Mach 1,6, clean or not, Gripen can achieve speeds of over Mach 2 clean.
First thing that can be noticed about both Gripen and F-35 is that neither has rearward visibility from cockpit. In Gripen's case, attempt was made to attenuate the problem by installing rear-view mirrors onto the canopy forward frame. However, while Gripen's visual and IR signatures are far lower than F-35s, Gripen itself does not have IRST, which means that F-35 may be able to detect it first.
In gun department, Gripen uses German BK-27, a 27-milimeter revolver cannon which was also supposed to be equipped to F-35, but in the end, F-35 received 25-milimeter rotary-barrel GAU-22. In air-to-air combat, BK-27 has a large advantage over GAU-12 in that delay between pilot pressing the button and full rate of fire being achieved is just 0,05 seconds, as opposed to 0,4 seconds for GAU-22. Further, on F-35, trap door must open if gun is internal (and assuming it wasn't open already), possibly adding another 0,5 seconds to process. Maximum rate of fire is 1 700 rpm for BK-27, and 3 300 rpm for GAU-22. Muzzle velocity is 1 025 m/s for BK-27 and 1 040 m/s for GAU-22, but BK-27s shells – weighting 260 g as opposed to GAU-22s 184 g for HEI and 215 g for AP – will bleed off speed slower, and be less affected by wind and other air turbulences.
Therefore, in first half of second – which is crucial in dogfight; rarely will opponent fly in the same directon for full second or more – BK-27 will fire 14 projectiles massing 3,64 kilograms, and GAU-22 will fire 16 projectiles massing 2,94 – 3,44 kilograms, but only assuming that F-35 pilot opened gun doors beforehand – if he didn't, GAU-22 will not fire any projectiles at all. GAU-22 may be a sign that US have (finally) understood that 20 mm cannons are not sufficient for modern air-to-air combat, similar to WW2, when they delayed introduction of 20 mm cannons instead of 50 caliber machine guns as main fighter armament well into Korean War. However, it is more likely that it was thought of as compromise between air-to-air and air-to-ground combat, considering that F-35 is primarly ground attack aircraft.
FORCE PRESENCE AND SUPPORTABILITY
While F-35A costs 197 million USD flyaway, Gripen C costs 40 million USD flyaway. As such, Gripen can provide almost 5 times as large force as F-35A can. Further, due to Gripen's lower maintenance and turnaround times, same force will be able to fly far more sorties. Gripen is also designed to operate from roads, and has STOL capability, something that F-35A lacks, though not the (even more expensive) F-35B.
5-TH GENERATION?
According to this article, Lockheed Martin's definition of 5-th generation fighter is following:
— stealth
— high maneuverability
— advanced avionics
— networked data fusion from sensors and avionics; and
— the ability to assume multiple roles.
Comparing F-35 and Gripen, it can be seen that while F-35 is stealthier on radar, Gripen has far lower IR and lower visual signature. Unlike F-35, it also has high maneuverability, and both aircraft have advanced avionics and multirole capability, while networked data fusion will be avaliable on Gripen NG. F-22 has high maneuverability but is not multirole, while Rafale and Typhoon only lack stealth. Thus, F-22, F-35, Typhoon, Rafale and Gripen NG are all equally 5-th generation aircraft, with Gripen C/D being just one step away.
And while another article defines fifth generation fighter as "being able to operate in anti-access environment featuring integrated air defenses…", that capability can also be achieved in several ways, radar stealth being just one aspect of survivability, and rather limited one considering proliferation of passive sensors.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged: 5, comparision, F-35, gripen c, Gripen E, Gripen NG, SAAB Gripen, saab gripen vs f-35, vs | 65 Comments »
Saab Gripen analysis
Posted by picard578 on February 16, 2013
SAAB Gripen is a result of relaxed-stability fighter rush initiated by (at the time) revolutionary F-16 fighter aircraft. It is not surprising that SAAB opted for delta-canard layout they themselves pioneered in 1960s, but other options were also evaluated (and rejected). This was influenced by testing programme of Viggen in late seventies, which verified benign high AoA characteristics of the layout. To Sweden, choice of small, cheap but highly capable fighter aircraft was obvious.
In 1979, after cancellation of too expensive B3LA project (a development of subsonic trainer and light attack aircraft), Swedish Air Force carried a reexamination of its requirements. Conclusion was that only affordable option was development of multirole aircraft capable of carrying out air superiority, ground attack and reconnaissance missions. Thus the JAS programme was born, drawing name from specified requirements (Jakt – fighter, Attack – attack, Spaning – reconnaissance).
In March 1980, Government endorsed the plan, but insisted that foreign contractors should be allowed to bid for the contract. As a response, Swedish (state-owned) aircraft industry formed a JAS Industry Group, comprising Saab-Scania, Volvo-Flygmotor, Ericsson Radio Systems and FFV to manage the bid by Swedish industry. Formal proposals were requested in 1981, and JAS IG submitted their proposal on 1 June 1981. After evaluation of proposals, it was decided to go forward with JAS proposal. On 30 June 1982, a fixed-price proposal was signed between the FMV and IG JAS for 5 prototypes and 30 JAS-39A aircraft. Following month, name Gripen was selected for the aircraft.
Ericsson was tasked with developing multi-mode radar, while FFV developed navigation and attack systems.
Mock-up of the final design was unveilled in early 1986. However, development of Flight Control System caused delays in final assembly of the aircraft, with first Gripen rolling out of assembly on 26 April 1987, after 7 years of development. First flight was achieved on 9 December 1988, but after its sixth flight, on 2 February 1989, aircraft veered off the runway and carwheeled. Following that, FCS was fixed, and on 4 May 1990, JAS-39-2 flew with new software. Fifth and final prototype flew on 23 October 1991. Testing showed drag to be 10% lower than predicted, and airfield performance was also better than specifications. In June 1992, contract for second batch of aircraft was approved.
On 4 March 1993, first production Gripen (JAS-39-101) made its flight, with second production aircraft delivered for service testing on 8 June 1993. It soon crashed during air display over Stockholm due to the pilot loosing control and having to eject. Following the accident, further flight testing was suspended until FCS was revised. Revisions included changes to canard deflection angles in combat mode. Testing continued on 29 December 1993.
One JAS-39A was converted from production line to serve as prototype for twin-seated trainer, JAS-39B. It features 65,5 cm fuselage stretch, and rear cockpit that is, except for lack of HUD, identical to the front one.
On 12 June 1995, SAAB and British Aerospace announced joint development of export variant. In 2001, joint venture was registered in Sweden as Gripen International. As Gripen was designed solely for Sweden's needs, Export Baseline Standard was developed, resulting in C and D variant of the aircraft. Soon, Swedish Air Force decided to also acquire the new version, with last 20 aircraft of Batch 2 and 30 aircraft of Batch 3 conforming to EBS specification.
EBS featured retractable inflight refuelling probe on the port air intake, full-color English-language cockpit displays in Imperial units, new computers, night-vision compatible cockpit lightning, FLIR and reconnaissance pods, more powerful air conditioning system, OBOGS and stronger wings with NATO standard pylons.
In December 2004, BAe sold large portion of its stake in Gripen International to Saab, finally selling remaining 10% of their stake to Saab in June 2011. On 26 April 2007, Norway signed an agreement on common development of aircraft, with agreement between Saab and Thales Norway following in June, concerning development of communications systems. In June 2007, NATO Link 16 was added to datalink systems of Gripens in Swedish service.
On 23 April 2008, Gripen Demo (requested in 2007) was presented, serving as demonstrator for Gripen NG. On 27 May 2008 it had maiden flight, and demonstrated supercruise ability on 21 January 2008, flying at Mach 1,2 without reheat.
In 2010, Sweden awarded 4-year-contract for improving Gripen's radar and other equipment. On 25 August 2012 Sweden announced plan to buy 40-60 Gripen NGs, following Switzerland's decision to buy 22 Gripens of the same variant. On 17 January 2013, Sweden's government approved decision to buy 60 Gripen E's, with first deliveries in 2018.
Unlike with Viggen, Gripen's test flights revealed no aerodynamic, structural or engine deficiencies; in fact, all of them were better than predicted. Only structural "fix" was added strake behind each canard surface.
Basic data (Gripen C)
Length: 14,1 m
Wing span: 8,4 m
Height: 4,5 m
Wing area: 25,54 m2; 30 m2 with canards
Wing loading:
326 or 383 kg/m2 with 100% fuel, 4 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinder
287 or 337 kg/m2 with 50% fuel, 4 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinder
266 or 313 kg/m2 with 50% fuel and 2 Sidewinder
(*depending on wether canards are counted)
Thrust-to-Weight ratio: (80,51 kN – 18 100 lbf – thrust)
0,95 with 50% fuel, 4 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinder
Fuel fraction:
0,27 (6 622 kg empty, 2 400 kg fuel) – 2 270 kg fuel was for A version's "peace setting"; C version has only war setting
6 622 kg empty
7 997 kg with 50% fuel and 2 Sidewinder
8 605 kg with 50% fuel, 4 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinder
14 000 kg max takeoff
Maximum AoA:
>100 degrees (aerodynamic limit)
50 degrees (FCS limit)
Mach 2,0 dash
Mach 1,15 cruise
Combat radius:
Ground attack, lo-lo-lo: 650 km
PS-05/A:
Range: 120 km vs 5m2 target (80 km vs 1m2 target)
Operational G capability: 9 g
Flyaway cost: 38 to 44 million USD (in FY 2013 dollars)
Cost per flying hour: 4 700 USD
Saab Gripen is designed as a lightweight, highly maneuverable fighter. Close-coupled canard + delta wing arrangement was chosen to optimize maneuvering performance while also providing acceptable strike capabilities. Testing programs have verified excellent recovery capabilities for both Gripen versions. Further, delta canard configuration has inherently good battle damage tolerance due to "overlapping" surfaces, as well as positive trim lift on all surfaces, high maximum lift coefficient, good air field performance, and spin recovery capability. Floating canard also offers stable aircraft if EFCS fails.
To minimize weight, 30% of the structure is carbon-fibre composite. Aircraft is inherently unstable, and SAAB claims that it is first inherently unstable canard fighter to enter production.
While Gripen has low wing loading and good lift at high angles of attack, as well as relatively short wingspan, its thrust to weight ratio is below 1 at combat weight. Aircraft has operational service life of 8 000 flight hours.
One of things that can be noticed is large degree of wing/body blending, similar to F-16, which results in higher lift during maneuvers, as well as little or no interference drag that usually originates from wing-body juncture. Only exception to that are intakes, which are in side arrangement, with flat surfaces used for mounting canards. Body itself, having a "waist" noticeably thinner than parts immediately in front or aft of it, is clearly designed for transonic maneuvre.
Two small strakes are visible on the upper fuselage, located just behind canard surfaces, and single strake can be seen at bottom of fuselage; their purpose is to help enhance directional and lateral stability at high angles of attack.
Saab Gripen has canards that are relatively large compared to the wing. Canards are positioned close in front and slightly above the wing, and are tilted upwards, with large sweep-back. Location of canards at sides of air intakes prevents obstruction of air flow.
Primary purpose of close-coupled canards is not to act as control surface, but to increase lift at high angles of attack, where aircraft relies mostly on vortices to provide lift, by strengthening vortices generated by the wing and preventing their breakdown. Size and angle of Gripen's canards are used to achieve as good as possible separation – vertical and horizontal – between canard's tip and wing's lifting surface, thus allowing for maximum vortex lift during high-alpha maneuvers – improvement of lift due to the close coupled configuration could be up to 50%, when compared to lift produced by surfaces in isolation. While thrust vectoring only increases maneuverability at very low speeds, and in supersonic regime, close-coupled canards are effective at any speed, though level of effectiveness varies with speed. As such, aircraft with close-coupled canards can have smaller wings for same lift at higher AoA (improving roll rate), being able to turn tighter at any air speed than otherwise possible with same wing size and angle of attack value, and achieving higher instantenenous turn rate. This also means that aircraft will be able to have lower wing span for same wing sweep and lift values, improving roll rates; smaller wing and reduced angle of attack also mean reduced drag when turning, allowing fighter to maintain energy better. However, downwash from canards also reduces wing lift at low angles of attack, reducing maximum payload fighter can carry.
Compared to LEX, canards are more versatile. Aside from being able to act as a control surface, canards can adjust position so as to produce maximum lift at any given angle of attack.
While Gripen managed to achieve angles of attack between 100 and 110 degrees during flight testing, normal AoA limit is 50 degrees as extremely high AoAs have no tactical use. Further, position of canards contributs to the fuselage lift of the fuselage just behind the canards during the turn, and canards themselves create lift, both in level flight and in turn.
Canard also has advantage over tail as the control surface – as center of gravity for modern aircraft is towards rear of the aircraft, usage of canard results in longer moment arm.
Canards can be tilted forward to nearly 90 degrees in order to aid braking during landing.
Wing itself is standard delta wing, offering large surface area, large volume and high strength for its weight. Shape of the wing ensures creation of vortexes at high angles of attack by wing's leading edge, improving lift; wings are also equipped with small LERXes to strengthen said vortices. Another high lift device are leading edge flaps, which are used to increase lift at high AoA. When deployed during high-alpha maneuvers, flaps improve lift; however, they can also cause vortex breakdown. They also redirect air flow towards root of the wing, countering the tendency of air flow over delta wing to move towards wing tip. While usage of flaps can reduce drag, it only happens at speeds near stall speed, while in most other cases they increase drag. When flaps are not deployed, dogtooth leading edge configuration results in creation of single strong vortice at each wing, helping lift by countering tendency of delta wings to move air flow towards wing's tips, and leave rest of the wing in stall. Wing is neither anhedral or dihedral, being located at half of the hull height. Due to wing's (lack of) thickness, external actuators are required to control elevons.
Due to the Gripen being aerodynamically unstable aircraft, usage of delta wing also results in large trimmed lift during level flight, improving maximum lift by 10-20%, possibly more. Combination of close-coupled canards and low wing loading further improves air field performance, allowing for STOL capability.
While mechanism of lift creation at high AoA create additional drag, they increase lift and thus turn rate. But what some ignore while talking about drag "penalty" of close-coupled arrangement is that flow separation, aside from causing loss of lift, also causes major increase in pressure drag.
Rail launchers are located at wing tips, improving weapons loadout and allowing two missiles to be carried with minimum increase in drag, as well as improving lift/drag ratio of the wing.
Gripen's air intakes are two-dimensional intakes, similar to those used at RA-5C. Intakes are separated from aircraft's surface by fuselage boundary layer splitter plate, and provide adequate handling of fuselage boundary layer. High-alpha testing revealed no deficiencies in intake performance.
Tail fin is small relative to fighter's size, compared to that of other Eurocanards and F-16. This might theoretically result in problems at high AoA; but usual way to change direction of aircraft is to rotate around X axis and pull nose up, and Gripen has additions on lower surface that may make fin unnecessary for directional stability.
One of major downsides of Gripen is its cockpit. While it allows good forward and side visibility, rearward visibility is very limited. This is dictated by its strike requirements, where exhaust from cooling unit is located behind cockpit to hide it from ground-based IR sensors. While SAAB did attempt to attenuate the problem by installing mirrors on forward canopy frame, it is only a partial solution.
Cockpit originally featured three monochrome multi-function displays, and wide-angle holographic HUD. It also has HOTAS controls that allow pilot to select many functions without lifting hands off the control stick or throttle. Ejection seat, unlike in previous aircraft, is not SAAB's, but from Martin-Baker.
Engine is based on General Electric F-404 engine. Version used in Gripen, lincense manufactured by Volvo, had thrust boosted from 16 000 to 18 000 lbf (that is, from 7 257 to 8 165 kgf).
Operational characteristics
Gripen is capable of taking off and landing on roads, and could be capable of using unpaved runways. It can take off from 800 meter long snow-covered landing strips. Landing distance is reduced to 500 meters through usage of canards as air brakes, which is activated automatically when nose wheel establishes ground contact, as well as usage of elevons and large air brakes located at each side of fuselage behind the wing.
Further, it can be maintained by team of one specialist and five minimally-trained conscripts, and has very good combat turnaround time – less than 10 minutes. Gripen requires 10 man hours of maintenance for each hour in the air, and mean time between failure is 7,6 flight hours. Engine can be changed on road by 5 people in less than one hour. Airplane's on-board systems include built-in "self-test" capabilities, with data being downloaded to technician's laptop. All service doors to critical systems are at head level or lower for the easy access. Result is that Gripen requires only 60% of maintenance work hours of Viggen.
Aside from providing superior agility, Gripen's FBW system is capable of automatically compensating for combat damage, including disabled or destroyed control surfaces – for example, using canards if aelirons are disabled.
Due to its aerodynamic layout, Gripen can be "parked" at 70 to 80 degrees of alpha. When giving adverse aeliron input, flat spin starts at up to 90 degrees per second rotation, and can be stopped by pro aeliron input. Aircraft has demonstrated spin recovery capability for complete cg and AOR range, as well as control capability in superstall, allowing recovery. During the spin testing, in one occasion when spin entrance was gained by wild maneuvering in afterburner, surge in thrust was recorded at high AoA and side-slip angles, but was immediately followed by instant recovery to full power.
Aircraft has operational G load limit of 9, and ultimate limit of 13,5 Gs.
Gripen is armed with single Mauser BK-27 cannon, housed in a fairing on port side of aircraft's belly (can be seen here). It currently also uses Sidewinder IR AAMs, though these are to be replaced with IRIS-T missiles. BVR missile is AIM-120 AMRAAM, though aircraft is also capable of using MBDA Meteor, Matra Mica, and BAe Sky Flash (built in Sweden as Rb-71).
For anti-ship combat as well as ground attack, it can carry SAAB RBS-15 missile (though only Mk3 version of the missile supports land attack missions). Dedicated air-to-ground missiles are AGM-65 Maverick (built in Sweden as Rb-75).
Fact that Gripen uses revolver cannon is a large advantage over aircraft using Gattling guns: while Gattling guns typically take 0,5 seconds to achieve full rate of fire, revolver cannons take only 0,05 seconds. As such, while M61A1 will fire 25 rounds in first half of second, weighting total of 2,5 kg, BK-27 will fire 13,45 rounds, weighting total of 3,5 kg. Larger caliber also ensures greater damage-per-hit, important due to stronger airframes of modern fighters.
Aside for gun, Gripen also has 6 missile hardpoints on wings. Two of these are in wingtip configuration, ensuring minimal drag in flight, while other four are mounted on low-drag pylons. Another hardpoint is located at the bottom of aircraft's hull in centerline configuration. It is usually used for fuel tank carriage, though it can also carry targeting pods as well as ground attack ammunitions.
Sensors & EW suite
Gripen is equipped with radar PS-05/A, that is capable of detecting targets with RCS of 5 m2 at distance of 120 kilometers, which translates into 80 kilometers against 1 m2 target.
EW suite is built around AR-830 Radar Warning Receiver, with receiveing antennas at front and back of missile launch rails. BOL dispensers are bult into ends of missile launch rails and have capacity of 160 chaff packs or flares; BOP/C dispensers are built into the fuselage, and BOP/B into end of the wing pylons. Lattermost can trail BO2D towed repeater RF decoy, which can be used at supersonic speeds.
Gripen's limited sensory suite in versions so far is a large shortcoming in combat – namely, lack of IRST, which means that Gripen pilot will have to rely on visual detection (not possible during night, insufficient in bad visibility conditions) or on opponent using his own radar (relying on opponent being an idiot should never be part of any plan). This was realized by SAAB, and Gripen NG will be given IRST; earlier version of Gripen, however, will either have to be retrofitted with an internal IRST system, or settle for using FLIR pod for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions (if possible). That is probably connected to the fact that Gripen was always intended as a defense weapons, and could thus rely on directions from the ground.
Signature reduction
While the fact that Gripen is relatively small aircraft automatically means smaller IR and visual signatures, there were some specific attempts made at further reduction. Just behind cockpit are located ducts, which are used to release exceess heat from heat exchangers, reducing Gripen's IR signature as seen from ground.
As far as radar signature is concerned, care was taken to reduce frontal RCS, though side RCS is not likely to be large as long as radar emitter is not at precise 90 degrees angle relative to the aircraft, which would result in return from aircraft's side surfaces – in particular tail, nose and intake surfaces.
Datalinks and communications
Flygvapnet pioneered the use of datalinks in the combat aircraft, fielding first versions on SAAB 35 Draken in mid 1960s. Gripen is equipped with four high-bandwidth, two-way data links, with range of around 500 kilometers. This allows for exchange of targeting information and other data, even when one of aircraft is on the ground. One Gripen can provide data for four other aircraft, as well as get access to ground C&C systems and SAAB-Ericsson 340B Erieye "mini-AWACs" aircraft. It can also allow fighters to quickly and accurately lock on to target by triangulation of data from several radars. Annother possibility includes one fighter jamming the target while another tracks it, or several fighters using different frequencies at the same time to penetrate jamming easier.
Gripen NG
For Gripen E, SAAB has stated that empty weight will be under 7 000 kg, and engine also apparently has 22 500 lbs of thrust. It also has 3 300 kg of internal fuel, achieving 1 300 km combat radius with 30 minutes loiter time in AtA configuration on internal fuel, or 1 800 km with no loiter time. OTIS IRST will also be added.
Gripen NG will be significantly cheaper than other 4,9 generation aircraft, such as Eurofighter Typhoon or Dassault Rafale, and with 22 ordered by Switzerland and 40-60 by Sweden itself, it has prospect to achieve success on export market as well. Some sources place flyaway cost at less than 50 million USD; my estimate is that it will likely be around 45 – 55 million USD per aircraft.
According to some reports, wing area is double of Gripen C's, fuselage is 20% longer, but it is made out of carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites, reducing weight compared to Gripen C. All images of Gripen NG to date, however, seem to be using Gripen C / Gripen Demo as basis (Gripen Demo is test aircraft built by using Gripen C airframe, and images that could indicate wing area don't show any difference in fuselage dimensions). Another presentation also shows Gripen NG's empty weight as 7 120 kg, and wing loading as 317 kg/m2 in combat configuration with 50% fuel. (Interesting point is that same presentation states that IRIS-T will be able to shoot down BVR missiles from other aircraft, though slide in question is not entirely clear). OTIS IRST will operate in 3 – 5 and 8 – 11 micron wavelengths.
Conclusion? I won't draw conclusion about NG until it is airborne and in service.
Image of Gripen landing. Take note of air brakes and canard position:
JAS-39 Gripen landing
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged: aerodynamics, analysis, design, development, EW suite, Flygvapnet, Gripen E, Gripen NG, JAS-39, SAAB Gripen, sensors, Swedish Air Force, weapons | 50 Comments »
Saab Gripen NG
Posted by picard578 on October 14, 2012
Two months ago, I have contacted SAAB about Gripen NG and changes it will have when compared to earlier versions of Gripen (A, B, C, D – Gripen NG encompasses versions E and F).
I got following answers:
1) Gripen NG will be equipped with imaging IRST (imaging IRST works similar to IR camera and can create video image from IR radiation it receives). It will be forward-looking only (FLIR).
2) Airframe will be increased in size, and wingspan will also increase. Wing area will increase, so wing loading, while slightly higher than for C/D models, will still be low.
3) Cockpit will not be changed; rearward visibility will be facilitated by mirrors.
Posted in news | Tagged: Gripen, Gripen NG, JAS-39, JAS-39E/F, SAAB, SAAB Gripen | 2 Comments »


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We recommend that you choose a contrasting colour to that of the garment. Please note colours are a guide and may vary slightly from that on your screen. Please note if there is an existing brand logo on a garment it may result in your choice of position not being suitable. In this event we will contact you.
Please note the colours on vinyl are a guide and may not be an exact match. On his vis garments the maximum width may have to be smaller to fit between the reflective bands.
Please note if there is an existing brand logo on a garment it may result in your choice of position not being suitable. In this event we will contact you.
High Visibility Yellow T shirt. Saturn Yellow.
100% polyester Bird knit fabric for wicking.
2 x 5cm wide high visibility strips around Body, one over each shoulder.


Wil was among the lucky few who were able to pick up a Nintendo Switch before they seemingly sold out worldwide and dove headlong into Legend Of Zelda Breath of the Wild and has a great deal to say of it!
Adam brings us news of PAX Unplugged, the brand new all table top gaming event PAX will undertake in Philadelphia this November.
Vincent wonders if YouTube TV is all it's cracked up to be, or if it's simply cracked.
< #53 - And The Winner Is - La La Light!