text:
The Complete Winners List – Oscars 2015
Eddie Redmayne for The Theory of Everything
Julianne Moore for Still Alice
Alejandro González Iñárritu for Birdman
JK Simmons for Whiplash
Achievement in costume design
The Grand Budapest Hotel – Milena Canonero
Achievement in makeup and hairstyling
The Grand Budapest Hotel – Frances Hannon, Mark Coulier
Best foreign-language film
Ida – Pawel Pawlikowski
Best live-action short film
The Phone Call – Mat Kirkby, James Lucas
Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1 – Ellen Goosenberg Kent, Dana Perry
Achievement in sound mixing
Whiplash – Craig Mann, Ben Wilkins, Thomas Curley
Achievement in sound editing
American Sniper – Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman
Patricia Arquette for Boyhood
Achievement in visual effects
Interstellar – Paul J Franklin, Andrew Lockley, Ian Hunter, Scott R Fisher
Feast – Patrick Osborne, Kristina Reed
Best animated feature film
The Grand Budapest Hotel: Adam Stockhausen, Anna Pinnock
Achievement in cinematography
Birdman: Emmanuel Lubezki
Achievement in film editing
Whiplash – Tom Cross
Citizenfour – Laura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, Dirk Wilutzky
Glory from Selma – Lonnie Lynn (Common), John Stephens (John Legend)
Alexandre Desplat – The Grand Budapest Hotel
Original screenplay
Alejandro González Iñárritu, Nicolás Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris, Armando Bo – Birdman
Adapted screenplay
Graham Moore – The Imitation Game
credit: MULADAR NEWS
Tags: 2015, Birdman, Complete, Eddie Redmayne, Grand Budapest, Julianne Moore, List, oscars, oscars 2015, Red Carpet, Winners
A Full List of Winners at The 20...
List of Golden Globes 2013 Winne...
The 88th Academy Awards Results
Oscars 2014 – Winners list
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The 86th Academy Awards took place Sunday 2 March at the Academy's Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills. The top winner for the night, however, was "Gravity" with seven awards. In addition to Alfonso Cuarón's win for director, the film also won for visual effects, sound mixing, sound editing, cinematography, film editing and original score.
12 Years a Slave – Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen and Anthony Katagas, Producers
Best performance by an actor in a leading role
Matthew McConaughey, Dallas Buyers Club (Focus Features)
Best performance by an actor in a supporting role
Jared Leto, Dallas Buyers Club
Best performance by an actress in a leading role
Cate Blanchett, Blue Jasmine (Sony Pictures Classics)
Best performance by an actress in a supporting role
Lupita Nyong'o, 12 Years a Slave
Achievement in directing
Gravity, Alfonso Cuaron
Her, Spike Jonze
12 Years a Slave, John Ridley
Achievement in music written for motion pictures (Original song)
"Let It Go" from Frozen; Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez
Achievement in music written for motion pictures (Original score)
Gravity, Steven Price
Achievement in production design
The Great Gatsby, Production Design: Catherine Martin; Set Decoration: Beverley Dunn
Gravity, Alfonso Cuaron and Mark Sanger
Gravity, Emmanuel Lubezki
Gravity, Glenn Freemantle
Gravity, Skip Lievsay, Niv Adiri, Christopher Benstead and Chris Munro
The Great Beauty, Italy
20 Feet From Stardom, Morgan Neville, Gil Friesen and Caitrin Rogers
The Lady in Number 6: Music Saved My Life, Malcolm Clarke and Nicholas Reed
Helium, Anders Walter and Kim Magnusson
Gravity, Tim Webber, Chris Lawrence, Dave Shirk and Neil Corbould
Mr. Hublot, Laurent Witz and Alexandre Espigares
Dallas Buyers Club, Adruitha Lee and Robin Mathews
The Great Gatsby, Catherine Martin
credit: The Daring Librarian
Tags: 12 Years a Slave, 2014, Annual Academy Awards, Cate Blanchett, Gravity, List, MATTHEW McCONAUGHEY, oscars, oscars 2014, Winners, Winners list
The U.S. Military Academy at Wes...
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List of Golden Globes 2013 Winners
The Golden Globes awards ceremony takes place at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, its home since 1961. The most famous people in Hollywood gathered into the Hotel ballroom for the chance to be awarded one of the coveted Golden Globes. Evening was hosted by Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, aired live Sunday on NBC. Here is list of winners:
Best Motion Picture, Drama: Argo
Best Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical: Les Misérables
Best Actress, Drama: Jessica Chastain (Zero Dark Thirty)
Best Actor: Daniel Day-Lewis (Lincoln)
Best Actress, Comedy or Musical: Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook)
Best Actor, Comedy or Musical: Hugh Jackman (Les Misérables)
Best Director: Ben Affleck (Argo)
Best Supporting Actress: Anne Hathaway (Les Misérables)
Best Supporting Actor: Christoph Waltz (Django Unchained)
Best Foreign Language Film: Amour
Best Animated Film: Brave
Best Screenplay: Quentin Tarantino (Django Unchained)
Best Original Score: Mychael Danna (Life of Pi)
Best Original Song: Skyfall (music and lyrics by Adele and Paul Epworth)
Best Series, Drama: Homeland, Showtime
Best Series, Musical or Comedy: Girls, HBO
Best Actress, Drama: Claire Danes (Homeland)
Best Actor, Drama: Damian Lewis (Homeland)
Best Actress, Comedy or Musical: Lena Dunham (Girls)
Best Actor, Comedy or Musical: Don Cheadle (House of Lies)
Best Miniseries or Movie: Game Change
Best Actress, Miniseries or Movie: Julianne Moore (Game Change)
Best Actor, Miniseries or Movie: Kevin Costner (Hatfields & McCoys)
Best Supporting Actress: Maggie Smith (Downton Abbey)
Best Supporting Actor: Ed Harris (Game Change)
Ben Affleck credit: Intemporelle
Hugh Jackman credit: Eva Rinaldi Celebrity
Mychael Danna credit: Canadian Film Centre
Quentin Tarantino credit: crazyoctopus
Christoph Waltz credit: Zadi Diaz
Claire Danes credit: david_shankbone
Jessica Chastain credit: GabboT
Anne Hathaway credit: Horustr4n
Tags: 2013, Anne Hathaway, Argo, Ben Affleck, Best Actor, best actress, Best Director, Best Series, Beverly Hilton Hotel, Daniel Day-Lewis, Globes, Golden, golden globe, golden globe 2013, golden globe 2014, golden globe nominations, golden globe winner, Hugh Jackman, List, Winners
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A Full List of Winners at The 2012 Oscars
Best Actor: Jean Dujardin, "The Artist"
Best Actress: Meryl Streep, "The Iron Lady"
Best Picture: "The Artist"
Best Cinematography: Robert Richardson, "Hugo"
Best Art Direction: Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schavo, "Hugo"
Best Costume Design: Mark Bridges, "The Artist"
Best Makeup: Mark Coulier and J. Roy Helland, "The Iron Lady"
Best Foreign Language Film: "A Separation"
Best Supporting Actress: Octavia Spencer, "The Help"
Best Editing: Kirk Baxter and Angus Wall, "The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo"
Best Sound Editing: Phillip Stockton and Eugene Gearty, "Hugo"
Best Sound Mixing: Tom Fleischman and John Midgley, "Hugo"
Best Documentary: "Undefeated"
Best Animated Feature: "Rango"
Best Visual Effects: "Hugo"
Best Supporting Actor: Christopher Plummer, "Beginners"
Best Original Score: Ludovic Bource, "The Artist"
Best Original Song: Bret McKenzie, "Man or Muppet"
Best Adapted Screenplay: Alexander Payne, Nat Faxon and Jim Rash, "The Descendants"
Best Original Screenplay: Woody Allen, "Midnight in Paris"
Best Live Action Short: "The Shore"
Best Documentary Short: "Saving Face"
Best Animated Short: "The Fantastic Flying Books Of Mr. Morris Lessmore"
Best Director: Michel Hazanavicius, "The Artist"
credit: chickpokipsie
Tags: 2012, 84th Annual Academy Awards, academy awards, actor, Actress, Celebrity, Film, Full, Hollywood, hollywood and highland center, kodak theatre, List, Movie, oscars, oscars red carpet, the oscars, Winners
The Iron Lady, Margaret Thatcher...


Located just a few steps off Chapin Beach in Dennis, Chapin's offers an "off the beach" styled menu at affordable prices.
John and Stephanie Lowell have been farming oysters on Cape Cod since 2003. Their farming site has unique growing characteristics that are passed on to their award winning oysters as they mature.
They are passionate about what they do, and you can taste their passion in the quality of their oysters.
See you in mid March!!


text:
Southeastern > Academics > Academic Programs > The Center for Southeast Louisiana Studies > Historical Collections > Photo Collections > E-G Photo Collections > Flood in Mississippi, 1927
Center for Southeast Louisiana Studies
Judge Leon Ford III Lecture
James H. Morrison Lecture
Related Historical Links
Florida Parishes
Gulf South Historical Association
Southeast Louisiana Historical Assoc
West Florida Bicentennial
Oral History Collections
Oral History Subject Index
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H-K Photo Collections
L-M Photo Collections
N-Q Photo Collections
R-S Photo Collections
T-Z Photo Collections
Flood in Mississippi, 1927
Pix # Date of Pix Size of Pix No. of Pix Kind of image Negative
1 1927 8 x 10 2 B&W copy print 35mm B&W (4)
Train and houses under water. Valley Park, Mississippi, May 2, 1927 written on picture.
Shows top of train, train station, cars, cows, and houses under water. Yd. M. V. R. R. Station, Egremont, Mississippi, May 2, 1927 written on picture.
Scene of railroad track with horses and cows on it. north from railroad water tank, Leland, Mississippi, April 30, 1927 written on picture.
Scene of a railroad track with cows and horses on it. Buildings to the right of track are under water. Leland, Mississippi, May 1, 1927 written picture.
Scene of a bridge that has collapsed in the middle and is touching the water. There are about ten men standing on the bridge. BR. L123-2, May 9, 1927 written on picture.
Scene of a partially submerged railroad track with a man sitting on it holding up the number 28. Near Helm, Mississippi, BR L133-4, May 9, 1927 written on picture.
62 35mm Negatives (some duplicates)These photographs were taken in Valley Park, Leland, Greenville, Cleveland, Greenwell, Arcola, E. Cairo, Wickliffe, Rolling Fork, and near Helm, Mississippi in April and May 1927.
Page 1, Negs. 18, 32; Page 2, Neg. 28Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Shows some houses under water.
Page 1, Neg. 19; Page 2, Neg. 7
Cleveland-Leland, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Water with just the tops of houses showing and some boats in the water.
Page 1, Neg. 20
Cleveland-Leland, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Water with just the tops of some trees showing.
Mississippi, April 26, 1927, Rescue boat in the water.
Leland, Mississippi, April 25, 1927, Scene of people in boats.
Near Leland, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Boats on the water.
Page 1, Negs. 26 & 28
Wicliffe to E. Cairo, Mississippi, April 22, 1927, Water.
E. Cairo, Mississippi, April 22, 1927, Scene of some water.
Page 1, Negs 31 & 34; Page 2, Neg. 24
Cleveland, Mississippi, April 24, 1927, People lined up between railroad track and the road.
Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Buildings under water.
FLOOD IN MISSISSIPPI, 1927 Continued
Page 2, Neg. 1
Arcola, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Water with animals on land to the right of picture.
Arcola, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Scene showing buildings under water.
Arcola, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Scene showing houses flooded.
Page 2, Negs. 4 & 20
Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Scene showing people trying to get away from the flood.
Arcola, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Island of land with animals on them.
Page 2, Negs. 6 & 8
Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Scene showing flooded streets.
Leland, Mississippi, April 25, 1927, People in horse and buggy getting away from the flood.
Leland, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Scene showing flooded buildings.
Leland, Mississippi, April 25, 1927, Scene showing a flooded house.
Leland, Mississippi, April 25, 1927, Relief party near Leland, Mississippi, April 25, 1927 written on bottom right corner of picture.
Rolling Fork, Mississippi, May 2, 1927, Scene showing cars under water.
Rolling Fork, Mississippi, May 2, 1927, Scene showing train cars under water.
Mississippi, May 12, 1927, Scene of a flooded street.
Rolling Fork, Mississippi, May 12, 1927, Scene of a flooded railroad track.
Greenville, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Scene showing train cars flooded.
Greenville, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, A group of men walking across a street.
Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1984, Scene of a town.
Cleveland, Mississippi, April 24, 1984, Scene of a lot of tents.
Cleveland, Mississippi, April 24, 1927, Scene showing people standing beside a railroad track.
Cleveland, Mississippi, Scene of people standing beside some tents.
Wickliffe, Mississippi, April 22, 1927, Scene of a railroad track surrounded by water.
Greenville, Mississippi, April 30, 1927, Scene of a horse and buggy going through some water.
Greenville, Mississippi, May 1, 1927, Scene of flooded street.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gold's plunge to the lowest level in more than a year may have a silver lining. Numerous European banks are signaling this downward drift is close to ending, and gold prices will probably climb back to $1,300.
Gold's appeal has been fading this year with prices sliding near to the key $1,200 level, partly because of an upbeat outlook on the U.S. economy that's strengthened the dollar. The metal saw some relief late last week as U.S. hiring cooled in July and China moved to support its currency, and traded at $1,212.84 on Monday. "But looking at the next six months, we are actually around the bottom for this cycle already, so it is more suited in the long term for investors as a decent level for purchasing for their portfolios," he said.
Although the headline level for the U.S. business cycle looks very healthy, there are some concerns over credit stress, making it questionable whether the U.S. consumer can withstand materially higher interest rates, he said.
The view that bullion's pain may be nearing an end is shared by Nic Johnson, a Pacific Investment Management Co. money manager, who said late last month that falling gold prices in the absence of rising real yields suggest the metal has cheapened versus other U.S.-denominated haven assets. That along with comments by President Donald Trump "lamenting the strong dollar" could reignite interest in the metal, he said in a blog.
Gold in dollars has the potential to rise as global output may have peaked, Northern Star Resources Ltd. Chief Executive Officer Stuart Tonkin told Bloomberg Television. "Even that slight scarcity, or the view of a declining profile" of production, reserves and resources among the biggest companies will keep a base under gold, he said.
Still, the big money is wagering gold's recent troubles aren't over. The latest government data show hedge funds and other large speculators raised net-short bets on the precious metal in the week to July 31 to the most since at least 2006. Traders are concerned a stronger dollar, economic growth and the Federal Reserve's plan to raise interest rates will further dim prospects.
← Metals Stocks & Gold at risk of one year skid as jobs report looms.


PMP sits down for an exclusive interview with a brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa).
Pest Management Professional (PMP): Thanks for agreeing to meet with me.
Brown recluse (BR): No worries. I hope you didn't mind meeting me here in my parlor. I'm not much for going out.
BR: I suppose, yes. Better that than "fiddleback," "brown fiddler" or "violin spider." As you can imagine, high school was difficult for me.
PMP: Why would anyone call you those nam— [BR silently indicates the markings on his cephalothorax.] Oh. That's … unique.
BR: Not really. Many spiders have similar markings, which is why they are often mistaken for me. There's a much better way to identify me.
PMP: That's a lot of eyes looking back at me!
BR: Ah, but not as many as most spiders. [BR points to his six eyes with one of his eight legs.] Most spiders have eight. But I have [counts aloud] one-two-three and one-two-three. Three sets of two: one median pair and two lateral pairs.
PMP: I hope you don't mind the change of subject, but do I detect a bit of a Southern twang in your voice?
BR: You're confusing twang with a Midwestern drawl. Me and my kin are spread out roughly from southeastern Nebraska through southern Iowa, Illinois and Indiana to southwestern Ohio. … Um, why do you keep squirming in your seat?
PMP: I'm sorry. Just a little nervous, I guess. I'm unaccustomed to being this up close and personal with a spider.
BR: Oh. You're one of them — afraid I'm going to jump across the table, are ya?
BR: You needn't worry. I really have to be provoked before I bite. Generally, I just kind of retract from being touched. It's my defense mechanism. But if I find my way into your work gloves and you stick your finger in and hit me — yeah, you might get a bite. But what would you expect?
PMP: Well, let's say, for the sake of argument, you do bite me.
BR: I doubt I would, but if I did, there's a good chance you wouldn't even feel it initially.
PMP: So your bites are pretty harmless, then?
BR: Not exactly. My bites are occasionally quite serious.
BR: My bites have a hemotoxic venom that's potentially deadly. So most of my bites are minor, although a small number of them produce severe lesions. An even smaller number of bites result in severe skin and systemic symptoms. But rarely.
BR: Here's some perspective: It's estimated that 80 percent of reported bites attributed to me have been misdiagnosed. But that doesn't mean people won't continue to freak out about me. Extermination of me is fairly common in the lower Midwestern U.S. But I'm good at choosing my homes. I have a great real estate agent.
PMP: Yeah, it's nice. A little off-kilter though, isn't it?
BR: Asymmetrical webs are how we roll. It might look like a tangle of disorderly threads, but I assure you, it's good shelter. This woodpile against this garage was an ideal place to settle in. The rates are good. The view is nice.
PMP: It's cozy. Do you spend all of your time here?
BR: Generally, but I don't cook for myself and often go out to eat at night. And I know a nice little corner of this garage that's just thick with crickets, cockroaches … and all kinds of soft-bodied insects. Delicious.
PMP: Those are all the questions I have for now. Thanks for inviting me into your home for this interview.
BR: No problem. Just do me a favor and try not to scare off any crickets on your way out. After two days of roaches, I've got a craving.
PMP: I'll do my best.


Reminiscent of old filament bulbs but made with energy-saving LED. The brown clear-glass spreads a warm, decorative light. Pair it with a lampshade or use it on its own to create a retro look.
The light from this LED bulb feels as strong as the light from a traditional 35W incandescent bulb. Light colour: warm glow (2200 Kelvin). The light bulb can be used in temperatures from -20°C till +40°C. This product bares the CE mark.
The LED light source consumes up to 85% less energy and lasts 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.As the light can be dimmed, you are able to choose lighting suitable for every occasion.


The world loves a winner. The most popular success stories involve situations where seemingly insurmountable obstacles are overcome to finally reach the finish line. It might be called the Rocky syndrome or rags-to-riches, but the message glorifies surviving the struggle.
Whether it is sports, war or business, the price of victory is often extreme in what it demands from individuals. The circumstances can cause great stress and drive some to the point of breaking and beyond. Yet, supposedly, if victory does come, the metrics of success make the price paid worthwhile.
Millions of vehicles are on the road at any one moment with the name Goodyear plastered on their tires. Those, and all others, owe their existence to the efforts of Charles Goodyear, one of this country's most tenacious entrepreneurs. However, few know the terrible price paid by this man and his family in the pursuit of his dream.
"…42 years old— sick, tired, poor and exhausted. For Nearly a decade he had devoted himself with monomaniacal zeal to his quest. He had endured poverty, ridicule, life threatening illnesses, a half-dozen times being put in jail and long self-torment in the knowledge that his wife and children has suffered as much or more than he.
This was the period when success was still years away. Even when he did finally develop the process of vulcanization, Goodyear was robbed of much of his financial success because he was too exhausted from the stress to fight any longer.
Unfortunately, literally millions of small business owners pursue their own Impossible Dream and are broken in the process. For many, it is not only financial failure; it is also a breaking of the heart and spirit.
The irony of small businesses is that success and growth will often make cash flow problems even worse, up to and including the failure of the business. It is axiomatic that growth consumes cash, and fast growth consumes cash fast.
However, the stresses of small business ownership are not limited to those related to finances. The crushing hours create stresses in relationships and on the home front. Partners and management teams often have personality conflicts and intense disagreements over even small issues. Competition, product deadlines, problems with new products – the list is virtually endless.
Part of the job description of entrepreneurship is the ability to function under stress and pressure. The simple fact is, however, many simply reach their limit and can't continue to fight the daily fight necessary for small business people. Just as some soldiers reach a point of battle fatigue and shell shock and get pulled out of the line, so do many entrepreneurs lose their battles with stress and pressure.
While there are many different reasons companies fail, close scrutiny often reveals the real, final cause is the total effect of all those factors. An entrepreneur running a small business simply loses the ability to juggle all that leads to success. If Goodyear had quit and failed, stress and fatigue would have beat him, but that is not how his story ended.
Milan Heger built a successful architectural and design business in Seattle. By 2005, his success spurred him to add a new furniture line. While he enjoyed early success, the recession that started in 2008 quickly eliminated his customer base. He progressively reduced his staff, finally being the only remaining employee. After endless sleepless nights and losing his retirement funds, he finally reached the end. He stated at one point, "I'd sit in the car in the driveway and not want to get out. It's hard and continues to be hard." While the recession built the coffin, stress drove in the nails.
Any entrepreneur must evaluate the reality of running a small business and understand that it is often like continually being in a combat situation. Both Goodyear and Heger show that if stress is left uncontrolled, it can cause failure. If the stress becomes unbearable, it may be time to methodically close a business before all is lost. That leaves the entrepreneur with the potential to fight yet another day. Just because one venture fails, it doesn't mean that there won't be future success. Sometimes a break and stress management strategies can give the entrepreneur enough energy and creativity to tackle challenges in new ways.
For more about small business success from those who have endured the hard road check out advice for small business owners. You can also learn how an AccessDirect virtual phone system for your small business can help alleviate your stress.


Doors that go along with keys are extremely important, specially the main keys to the key doorways of your house. The doors at a cabinet as well as a bedroom at which people do private activities are good whenever they're done with keys also. Unluckilynot everybody is aware that he / she has to have keys with good caliber, or it's likewise unfortunate if they must dwell in an older house where all of doors and the keys are old as well. When they receive secured, chances are they will be informed to have keys that are good. Listed here are the methods to open secured doorsTo start a locked door using something: Look a lock pick on your device cupboard. You can certainly do this if you learn how to utilize it. Make certain to possess the manual book of this for those who really can't. Use a unique key that can open a locked door called the bumping critical.
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text:
package griffon.javafx.editors;

import griffon.core.editors.AbstractPropertyEditor;
import griffon.core.formatters.Formatter;
import griffon.core.formatters.ParseException;
import griffon.javafx.formatters.ColorFormatter;
import griffon.metadata.PropertyEditorFor;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static griffon.util.GriffonNameUtils.isBlank;

/**
 * @author Andres Almiray
 */
@PropertyEditorFor(Color.class)
public class ColorPropertyEditor extends AbstractPropertyEditor {
    public static String format(Color color) {
        return ColorFormatter.LONG.format(color);
    }

    @Override
    public String getAsText() {
        if (null == getValue()) return null;
        return isBlank(getFormat()) ? format((Color) getValueInternal()) : getFormattedValue();
    }

    protected void setValueInternal(Object value) {
        if (null == value) {
            super.setValueInternal(null);
        } else if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
            handleAsString(String.valueOf(value).trim());
        } else if (value instanceof List) {
            handleAsList((List) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Map) {
            handleAsMap((Map) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Number) {
            handleAsNumber((Number) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Color) {
            super.setValueInternal(value);
        } else {
            throw illegalValue(value, Color.class);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected Formatter<Color> resolveFormatter() {
        return !isBlank(getFormat()) ? ColorFormatter.getInstance(getFormat()) : null;
    }

    protected void handleAsString(String str) {
        if (isBlank(str)) {
            super.setValueInternal(null);
            return;
        }
        try {
            super.setValueInternal(ColorFormatter.parseColor(str));
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            throw illegalValue(str, Color.class, e);
        }
    }

    protected void handleAsList(List<?> list) {
        if (list.isEmpty()) {
            super.setValueInternal(null);
            return;
        }

        List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();
        values.addAll(list);
        switch (list.size()) {
            case 3:
                values.add(1d);
                break;
            case 4:
                // ok
                break;
            default:
                throw illegalValue(list, Color.class);
        }
        for (int i = 0, valuesSize = values.size(); i < valuesSize; i++) {
            Object val = values.get(i);
            if (val instanceof Number) {
                values.set(i, parse((Number) val));
            } else if (val instanceof CharSequence) {
                values.set(i, parse(String.valueOf(val)));
            } else {
                throw illegalValue(list, Color.class);
            }
        }
        super.setValueInternal(
            new Color(
                (Double) values.get(0),
                (Double) values.get(1),
                (Double) values.get(2),
                (Double) values.get(3)
            )
        );
    }

    protected void handleAsMap(Map<?, ?> map) {
        if (map.isEmpty()) {
            super.setValueInternal(null);
            return;
        }

        double r = getMapValue(map, "red", 0d);
        double g = getMapValue(map, "green", 0d);
        double b = getMapValue(map, "blue", 0d);
        double a = getMapValue(map, "alpha", 1d);
        super.setValueInternal(new Color(r, g, b, a));
    }

    protected double parse(String val) {
        try {
            return (Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(val).trim(), 16) & 0xFF) / 255d;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            throw illegalValue(val, Color.class, e);
        }
    }

    protected double parse(Number val) {
        return val.doubleValue();
    }

    protected double getMapValue(Map<?, ?> map, String key, double defaultValue) {
        Object val = map.get(key);
        if (null == val) val = map.get(String.valueOf(key.charAt(0)));
        if (null == val) {
            return defaultValue;
        } else if (val instanceof CharSequence) {
            return parse(String.valueOf(val));
        } else if (val instanceof Number) {
            return parse((Number) val);
        }
        throw illegalValue(map, Color.class);
    }

    protected void handleAsNumber(Number value) {
        double c = parse(value);
        super.setValueInternal(new Color(c, c, c, 1d));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2011 is over and good riddance. Sure, it was funny in parts and sometimes exciting, but it dragged in the third act and the ending was something of a let down. The low-budget was painfully obvious at times, and the performances were pretty bad. That said, we'll probably stick around for the sequel. It's already looking like a marked improvement.
But! That isn't why you're here. You're here because you're looking for another edition of our internationally famous Monster of the Month series. For the final freak of the 2011, we return to the world of cinema to bring you...the Razorback.
The eponymous beast of a 1984 Australian film directed by Russell Mulcahy, the Razorback owes its name to an old-fashioned term for feral pigs. These wild hogs were known for their sharp bristly fur, although this overgrown specimen sports a particularly shaggy mane. The Razorback is depicted as a nearly unstoppable force of nature, charging through doors like a hurricane and brutally mauling any who are unlucky enough to be in its way. It's a snarling, snaggle-toothed engine of destruction, shrugging off gunshots like mere bee-stings. In the end, it takes the whirling blades of an industrial fan to stop the Razorback; shredding the rampaging beast into hunks of furry flesh. A fitting end for such a mindless monster.
Razorback is one of many unique exploitation films that Australia has produced and is highly recommended. You'll never think of pigs the same way.
What? This doesn't get a "schlock" tag?
I thought about it, but schlock implies ineptitude or carelessness, and Razorback is a pretty well made movie...y'know...for being about a giant pig, at least.


text:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace Azure.ResourceManager.AppComplianceAutomation.Models
{
    /// <summary> Indicates whether all the resource(s) are compliant. </summary>
    public readonly partial struct IsPass : IEquatable<IsPass>
    {
        private readonly string _value;

        /// <summary> Initializes a new instance of <see cref="IsPass"/>. </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"> <paramref name="value"/> is null. </exception>
        public IsPass(string value)
        {
            _value = value ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
        }

        private const string TrueValue = "True";
        private const string FalseValue = "False";

        /// <summary> True. </summary>
        public static IsPass True { get; } = new IsPass(TrueValue);
        /// <summary> False. </summary>
        public static IsPass False { get; } = new IsPass(FalseValue);
        /// <summary> Determines if two <see cref="IsPass"/> values are the same. </summary>
        public static bool operator ==(IsPass left, IsPass right) => left.Equals(right);
        /// <summary> Determines if two <see cref="IsPass"/> values are not the same. </summary>
        public static bool operator !=(IsPass left, IsPass right) => !left.Equals(right);
        /// <summary> Converts a string to a <see cref="IsPass"/>. </summary>
        public static implicit operator IsPass(string value) => new IsPass(value);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is IsPass other && Equals(other);
        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool Equals(IsPass other) => string.Equals(_value, other._value, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public override int GetHashCode() => _value?.GetHashCode() ?? 0;
        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override string ToString() => _value;
    }
}


In our science for non-science majors course "21st Century Physics," we investigate modern "Hubble plots" (plots of velocity versus distance for deep space objects) in order to discuss the Big Bang, dark matter, and dark energy. There are two potential challenges that our students face when encountering these topics for the first time. The first challenge is in understanding and interpreting Hubble plots. The second is that some of our students have religious or cultural objections to the concept of a "Big Bang" or a universe that is billions of years old. This paper presents a guided inquiry exercise that was created with the goal of introducing students to Hubble plots and giving them the opportunity to discover for themselves why we believe our universe started with an explosion billions of years ago. The exercise is designed to be completed before the topics are discussed in the classroom. We did the exercise during a one hour and 45 minute "lab" time and it was done in groups of three or four students, but it would also work as an individual take-home assignment.


Are you living like an orphan or an adopted child of God? The gospel of Jesus Christ doesn't simply reconcile us vertically to God but also reconciles us horizontally to one another. In this book Russell Moore invites you into a conversation about adoption between both God and us, and with us and children who are in need of a family. I believe more firmly now than before that adoption forms a "real" family and that our adoption in Christ means the church is a family made up of all adopted sons and daughters of God.
As Christians we should care about the things that God cares about which is people. And if Christians did not adopt, do foster-care, help single parents, or care of orphans then we would be hypocrites to be only known as being pro-life. We should be caring for human life at all stages and care for individuals as Christ would.
The mission to share the love of Jesus includes caring for those around us. Too often we think of missionaries as those off in a far away country serving the Lord, but each of us are missionaries too and even more so if we are looking out for children around us from other countries. Once you read this book you'll never view adoption the same again and that's why I highly recommend and encourage you to learn more through reading this book.
This month we are sharing Our Core Values.
We believe these values are very important to be servant leaders and hope it will remind you of God's desire for His Church.
Our responsibility is simply to seek the Lord, rely on His Spirit, and obey Him. God calls and empowers us for ministry.
Our responsibility is to worship Jesus with our whole life surrendered unto Him. Singing is EASY, Surrender is HARD.
Our responsibility is to love and care for others. We don't pretend to have all the answers but love God and love everyone created in God's image, and maintain healthy boundaries in our relationships.
Our responsibility is to promote the spiritual welfare of His sheep (Christians) and healthy sheep will automatically and naturally reproduce healthy sheep.
Our responsibility is to emphasize the grace of God and what He has already done for us: Jesus loves us, died for us, lives to prays for us, forgives us, and is always with us to help and guide us.
Our responsibility is motivated by our love for God and for people. We are honest and are called to bless others because we never outgrow serving.
Our responsibility is to 'Simply teaching the Bible Simply' in a loving and relaxed way helping people learn how to apply the Bible from its context. We will not compromise living in obedience to the Bible.
Our responsibility is to be good managers and careful with every penny of God's money and resources with great integrity. We know where God guides, He provides because He owns it all.
Our responsibility is not to build our own ministry or criticize another man's servant, and we cooperate with like-minded churches. Jesus will build His church and the authority of God's Word will last forever. He alone gets the glory.
Our responsibility is to be flexible, willing to go wherever the Lord leads as God equips the called. We live from the Gospel and are faithful unto the Lord. Blessed are the flexible for they shall not be broken.


The traditional policy-making process is so cumbersome that their edicts need to be timeless.
Sounds better, less expensive: will your school impede the creative development of your students or embrace tools that let you get out of the way?
IRIDESSE will offer a diverse assortment of fresh new designs ranging from casual to contemporary to classic, but all will be timeless.


text:
You are here > Home > Food & Drink > Restaurant at Birmingham College of Food
Restaurant at Birmingham College of Food
University College, Summer Row, BIRMINGHAM, West Midlands, B3 1JB
Restaurant at Birmingham College of Food (formerly known as The Atrium and The Brasserie) offers both exceptional à la carte dishes as well as an amazing value set menu, and enjoys a great reputation with the public and professionals alike.
It provides students on our food and hospitality courses with the perfect environment to put their training into practice serving real-life customers.
AA College Restaurant of the Year Nomination
* Lunch (à la carte and set menu): 12 – 1pm
Dinner (à la carte): 6 – 7:15pm
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ucbofficial
Birmingham's award-winning independent museum The Coffin Works is a truly unique space…
Coffin Works Museum
The shelves and workbenches at Newman Brothers are full of original stock and tools of…
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is currently closed for essential infrastructure works.…
Paradise Birmingham
Opening TBC - Paradise is the latest chapter in Birmingham's compelling histor will…
The Library of Birmingham
The ten-level Library shares a spacious entrance and foyer as well as a flexible studio…
Royal Birmingham Society of Artists
The RBSA Gallery is owned by the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, making it one of a…
Theatrix Birmingham
Housed in an iconic Grade II listed building, Theatrix is a brand new bar, restaurant and…
The Jam House
Located in the heart of The Jewellery Quarter of Birmingham, the Jam House occupies a…
RBSA Gallery
A gallery space set over three floors. The ground floor houses three small exhibition…
The Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (RBSA) is an artist-led charity which supports…
St Pauls Gallery
St Pauls Gallery is the World's leading retailer in signed limited edition album cover…
Argentea Gallery
Argentea Gallery is dedicated to showing the very best contemporary photography from both…
The Hive Cafe & Bakery
Located in the heart of the city, in a beautiful grade II listed former jewellery…
St Paul's Birmingham
St Pauls has been at the heart of the Jewellery Quarter since 1779. Throughout its…
Colley Ison Gallery
Reuben Colley Fine Art is an independent art gallery set in the heart of Birmingham.
Birmingham Cathedral St Philip's
Built in 1715 as the new parish church "on the hill", St Philip's is a rare and fine…


A guy walks into a bar and rudely demands a shot of 12-yr old scotch.
The bartender thinks "this guy doesn't know the difference," so he pours a shot of 2-year old scotch.
The patron takes one sip and spits it out. He promptly hollers at the bartender I said 12-year old scotch, you bozo!"
Still unimpressed the bartender pours some 6-year old scotch.
The patron takes a sip...same reaction.
But the bartender still doesn't believe the patron knows the difference. So he pours a shot of 10-year old scotch. Again, same reaction from the patron.
Finally, the bartender is convinced. He pours the patron a glass of 12-year-old scotch. The patron takes a sip and is most satisfied.
All the while this has been going on, a drunk at the end of the bar has been watching.
"Shay mishter, tashte this!" The patron obliges...he promptly spits it out.
"That tastes like pee!," he shoots back at the drunk.
The drunk replies: "It ish. Now how old am I?"
How can you tell if a blonde has been using your lawnmower?
The Test!\n A guy walks into a bar and rudely demands a shot of 12-yr old scotch.


After the founders of New Naratif (Kirsten Han, Sonny Liew and PJ Thum) and Wham met Mahathir in August last year, Seah alleged that they invited "Dr M to bring democracy to Singapore". Shanmugam promptly shared Seah's post.
This led to a torrent of abuse and death threats against them by the PAP's IB (Internet Brigade), the group in Singapore that most resembles Trump's "very fine people". It is unclear if this amorphous group has any direct link to the party, but the party has never distanced itself from them and they have never been punished for their vile words.
Seah, in all his Trumpian decorum, thanked those who agreed with his views, while saying: "It is regretful that I see all kinds of abusive remarks that are made by many different individuals (and trolls) against each other." Implying, of course, that all sides are to blame. What Seah did not do is apologise for or retract his comments (still online here).
Seah's and Shanmugam's argument, as laid out by the latter's press secretary, is that by saying "Southeast Asia" Thum actually meant "Singapore".
– There are numerous other South-east Asian countries—Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam—that are far less democratic than Singapore. Even assuming the 93-year old Mahathir is able to morph into some freedom fighter, why would he start in Singapore?
– The majority of Singaporeans don't like Mahathir. He could never plausibly "bring democracy" here.
Many have suggested that it was wrong for those Singaporeans to meet Mahathir. I find this puzzling. As its coverage attests, New Naratif is trying to build a business that focusses on the whole of South-east Asia. How can Singaporean media outfits grow if we prevent them from meeting our neighbours' leaders? If you think that I am naive and that Malaysia and New Naratif are actually in cahoots and guilty of sedition, hmmm…see Exhibit A above.
Finally, this may not represent "a deliberate" spread of misinformation but is in my opinion—I think I'm still entitled to that—highly regrettable and irresponsible online behaviour from PAP politicians Seah Kian Peng and Shanmugam.
Are you sure you have not made any silly, contradictory statements?


From Cedar Grove (5,035'), we'll hike up the Copper Creek trail. When we meet snow, some of us will switch to skis and others to snowshoes. We'll set up camp in Upper Tent Meadow (9,189') and make a side jaunt to Mt Hutchings (10,785'). Saturday, we'll pack over Granite Pass (10,673') to the north side of the Monarch Divide, traverse up and down through the Volcanic Lakes basin, and make camp at East Kennedy Lake (10,100'). Sunday, we'll climb Kennedy Mountain (11,433') and the rarely visited Slide Peak (10,915') and return to our camp. Memorial Day, we'll pack out all the way back to Cedar Grove and head home.


Massachusetts has it all. Boston, Concord, Plymouth, Cape Cod, the Berkshires, the Connecticut River Valley and hundreds of small towns, quaint villages and lush parks, farms and scenic vistas in between. We are all about cycling, touring, tourism and fun.
The goal of this our tours is to celebrate cycling in Massachusetts and to have fun. Join us for all the excitement as we explore Massachusetts, cruising through the beautiful countryside of rolling fields, majestic woods, and picturesque towns.
Would you like to be a sponsor of Cycle Massachusetts?
Cycling Massachusetts supports the community by arranging inclusive community bike rides, cycling events and affordable European tours. We are also committed to supporting numerous cycling and urban livability organizations including MassBike, Liveable Streets Alliance and Bikes Not Bombs.


1.Malchau H. On the importance of stepwise introduction of new hip implant technology : assessment of total hip replacement using clinical evaluation, radiostereometry, digitised radiography and a national hip registry: University of Gothenburg; 1995.
2.Basso T, Klaksvik J, Syversen U, Foss OA. Biomechanical femoral neck fracture experiments—a narrative review. Injury. 2012;43(10):1633-9.
3.Schemitsch EH, Bhandari M, Boden SD, Bourne RB, Bozic KJ, Jacobs JJ, et al. The evidence-based approach in bringing new orthopaedic devices to market. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 2010;92(4):1030-7.
4.Malchau H, Bragdon CR, Muratoglu OK. The stepwise introduction of innovation into orthopedic surgery: the next level of dilemmas. The Journal of arthroplasty. 2011;26(6):825-31.
5.Sommer C, Gautier E, Muller M, Helfet DL, Wagner M. First clinical results of the Locking Compression Plate (LCP). Injury. 2003;34 Suppl 2:B43-54.
6.Wagner M, Frenk A, Frigg R. New concepts for bone fracture treatment and the Locking Compression Plate. Surgical technology international. 2004;12:271-7.
7.Schmidt AH. Locked plating for subtrochanteric fractures: The next big thing. Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2008;23(2):106-12.
8.Aminian A, Gao F, Fedoriw WW, Zhang LQ, Kalainov DM, Merk BR. Vertically oriented femoral neck fractures: mechanical analysis of four fixation techniques. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(8):544-8.
9.Floyd JC, O'Toole RV, Stall A, Forward DP, Nabili M, Shillingburg D, et al. Biomechanical comparison of proximal locking plates and blade plates for the treatment of comminuted subtrochanteric femoral fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(9):628-33.
10.Crist BD, Khalafi A, Hazelwood SJ, Lee MA. A biomechanical comparison of locked plate fixation with percutaneous insertion capability versus the angled blade plate in a subtrochanteric fracture gap model. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(9):622-7.
11.Wieser K, Babst R. Fixation failure of the LCP proximal femoral plate 4.5/5.0 in patients with missing posteromedial support in unstable per-, inter-, and subtrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(10):1281-7.
12.Glassner PJ, Tejwani NC. Failure of proximal femoral locking compression plate: a case series. J Orthop Trauma. 2011;25(2):76-83.
13.Nowotarski PJ, Ervin B, Weatherby B, Pettit J, Goulet R, Norris B. Biomechanical analysis of a novel femoral neck locking plate for treatment of vertical shear Pauwel's type C femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2012;43(6):802-6.
14.Berkes MB, Little MT, Lazaro LE, Cymerman RM, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. Catastrophic failure after open reduction internal fixation of femoral neck fractures with a novel locking plate implant. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(10):e170-6.


This section affords the opportunity for philatelic sharing of any kind. This is where you can be creative and pull from your favorite non-traditional topics – the lighter side. The contents remain the property of the author/submitter where appropriate. If you have something you think would be of interest, please contact Charles J. DiComo, PhD. Enjoy!
What follows are example of the essential tools of philately – those items any serious stamp and postal history collector should have in their "stamp den" to manipulate, analyze, repair and store their collections. Remember we are only the temporary custodians of these objects, and caring and preserving them for future generations is vital. If you have something you think would be of interest, please contact Charles J. DiComo, PhD. Enjoy!
Charles sent her examples from his collection of stamped envelopes with letters being sent from New York to London in the 1890's, along with representative stamps, rates, etc. Above is the product of Leonie's work – very accurate – she even incorporated a red wax seal along with other ephemera. We are very pleased to have assisted in ensuring philatelic and historic accuracy.
These devices are vintage wax seal stamps. They were used to seal an envelope flap to prevent tampering after melting hot wax on the flap. The crosshatched grill-like pattern device is from the 1850's. The "WARD 2" device is from the early 19th century. The handles are crafted from wood and end piece from brass. From the collection of Dr. Charles J. DiComo.
This is a modern day reproduction (circa 1920's) of a duplex, circular date stamp (CDS) from Albany, NY MAR 11th-dated, with patent killer which would cut a small circle in the stamp it cancelled to prevent re-use. This type of device was utilized in the 1860's.
This is mounted on a wood block and is an exact match to the Figure 2 example shown in the Scott Specialized Catalog of U.S. Stamps and Covers – Introduction section in patent defacing cancellations. Most likely fabricated for Scott's illustration in their catalog. From the collection of Dr. Charles J. DiComo.
The roller-ink Tornado Pen shown below is from the Dr. Charles J. DiComo collection of "Stamps on Objects". It is made by Retro 51 and depicts classic postage stamps from Switzerland, Hungary, Finland and the United States. A fine quality writing implement for the stamp enthusiast.
Bill Schultz was kind enough to share this fantastic table that Janice Earley covered in stamps a few years ago. They were stamps her grandmother had collected for her. A great memento.
Letterlocking refers to the process by which a substrate such as paper, parchment, or papyrus has been folded and secured shut to function as its own envelope. It is part of a 10,000 year-old information security tradition, variations of which have been used in cultures throughout the world. The following links will shed light on this practice. Enjoy!
Historic Letterlocking: The Art and Security of Letter Writing, by Jana Dambrogio.
Before Envelopes, People Protected Messages With Letterlocking, by Abigal Cain.
The art and science of letterlocking , by Heather Denny.
Dictionary of Letterlocking by Jana Dambrogio, Daniel Starza Smith, et al. 2016. Dictionary of Letterlocking (DoLL).
One of our longtime members shared the PDFs below, if you have a love of words, and need a good laugh – Enjoy!
What follows are links to videos posted on external sites related to philately, stamp and postal history collecting, How To's, etc. Enjoy.
How NYC stamp collectors stick together in a digital age, By Michael Scotto, NY1 Spectrum News, June 22, 2018.
What follows is a collection of historical philatelic periodicals, publications and ephemera related to the Philatelic Society of Lancaster County and the surrounding region, and beyond.
The Young Collector, A Monthly Stamp Paper, June 1897, Volume 1, No. 6. Published by W.O. Smith, Red Lion, PA.


Rofo researches and displays commercial real estate listings from top brokerage firms and landlords in Pinehurst, ID making it easier to find available commercial space and compare current asking rental rates. In Pinehurst, ID there are currently and 2 warehouse spaces for rent with 1 real estate professionals to help you find the right space for you. Filter your search below and get free advice from recommended brokers in Pinehurst, ID.
110 S 3rd St is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
1618 Pinecreek Rd is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
206 Wyoming St is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
607 N Division St is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
NKA Happy Trails LN is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
607 N Division St is an industrial property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 2 industrial spaces for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
Parcel 1 Pinecreek Rd is a land property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 land for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
705 N Division is for lease in Pinehurst, ID.
603 D St is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
1 multi-family space 16,552 square feet.
160 Pinetree Dr is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
1 multi-family space 24,393 square feet.
208 Burke Ave is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
601 A St is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
1 multi-family space 5,227 square feet.
206 Wyoming St is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
110 S 3rd St is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
1618 Pine Creek Rd is a multi-family property for lease in Pinehurst, ID. The property currently has 1 multi-family space for lease and is marketed by CBC Corporate.
Please describe your commercial real estate requirements in Pinehurst, ID. We'll introduce you to local properties that match your criteria.


What are these decision aids for?
You need accurate information to make informed decisions about your health. These decision aids give you facts about health conditions and the pros and cons of different treatment choices.
How can these decision aids help you?
The information on this website can help you to understand your choices and prepare questions to ask your doctor. Then you and your doctor can discuss which option is right for your unique case and make a decision together about a treatment plan.
Are the options discussed in these decision aids appropriate for you?
Some of the options in these decision aids may not be appropriate for your individual situation. Talk with your doctor about how the information in these decision aids relates to your specific condition. Note that these decision aids from PATIENT+ do not approve or authorize care, treatments or tests. The care, treatments and tests described in these decision aids may not be covered by your health plan. If you have questions about whether your health plan covers a particular treatment or test, talk to your health plan or doctor.
All personal information captured by this website will be treated completely confidential and will not be provided to any third party. For usage of a decision aid, only your email address will be registered (if entered) for the time you use the application. After closing the decision aid, this information will be deleted.
The information system is developed to be used in patient care and research. We put a lot of effort in this system, however, we do not accept any responsibility or accountability for its content, other than dictated by law.


Discussion in 'Tomato Firmware' started by david3, Dec 26, 2010.
@ ds408User: It might be worthwhile to (in Winscp) delete the vpn_route.sh file, create a new file (or edit existing), paste the contents (using it's builtin editor), save, set permission, and do the nvram setfile and nvram commit, and restart (ofcourse). I fixed my "could not execute external.." issue once like that.
Thanks for the reply, I logged on with WinSCP and checked the permissions, they are set to 775 as specified in the instructions in post #43, and therefore as far as I can tell the script is marked as executable. I have followed all the instructions in post #43 but just can;t get it to work properly. Any other ideas, and thanks again for your time.
Actually if I search for the file route-up.sh using WinSCP it doesn't seem to exist on my router. Can someone tell me if they have this file and if so where it is? Or is it a command that OpenVPN recognizes without needing an external script file?
Finally solved it, following the instructions in post #43 works (as everyone says ), now I have one PC on the VPN, the rest directly connecting through my ISP, and if the VPN is dropped my PC that should only use the VPN loses internet connectivity until the VPN is back.
The reason I was getting a script failed error was because I cut and paste the script from this thread into notepad and then copied that file using WinSCP to my router. Doing this means it has invalid end of line characters causing the script to file. Cutting and pasting it straight into the WinSCP editor and saving it worked!
Thanks to everyone and especially thanks to the poster of post #43, I've been looking for how to do this for weeks.
If you are using Client 2 VPN, use the vpn_client2_ip_list variable. I have not tested Client 2, but it should work.
If you have vpn client 1 set up, but connect to vpn client 2, the if statement in your script still grabs the client ip list for client 1.
And in the advanced config for each vpn client, call the appropriate script.
I have created a VLAN on br3 and assigned port 4 on the router to that VLAN. It's on a different subnet than br0 (obviously). br3 is set to 192.168.4.1 and it's DHCP server is set to hand out only a single IP address of 192.168.4.2. So, the moment a device is plugged in to port 4 of the router, it's assigned that IP address. The idea was to have a single port on the router that's always routed through the VPN (If it's connected).
I tried adding that ip the the vpn_client1_ip_list and firing up the vpn client, but that client can't connect to the internet when the vpn is connected.
The question is: what do I need to add and where in order to route the client on br3 through the VPN?
That's it..., any tips are welkom.
That's close to what I want, but I don't want all of my main LAN through the VPN (only one client, the rest of it goes through ISP as normal). This is why I'm using the method in post #43. The other thing is, this method allows me to still access my router remotely via my ISP, which is a must for my configuration. If I don't use the method from post #43, I lose access to my router externally.
All I want, at this point, is the be able to route br3 through the VPN. Everything else is set up and working exactly how I'd like.
I have a DDNS (ip adress use WAN ip) running and can connect externaly to my router with the previous setup.
When you use bridge 0 for your VPN connection (as I do), and in the VLAN settings only add port 4 to that VLAN, make another VLAN for your main LAN with the rest of the ports?
Correction: ddns use "use external IP adress checker"
I should have been more clear with what I meant when I said I cannot access the router externally. I *can* access it externally, via the VPN, but the location I'm connecting from allows very few ports, SSH is only allowed on port 22 for example. When connected to the VPN, I cannot use port 22 for SSH any longer (My VPN provider allows port forwarding, but only on ports >2048, so I can't use port 22 for SSH) and I can't access my router remotely from this location.
I need my router to be accessible via my ISP, not the VPN, which is what you're describing.
Thanks for the added info though, it is appreciated.
I'm one step closer. DNS now resolves on my VLAN that I want to route through the tunnel. I think that's because I'm using dnsmasq as a local DNS server and I have "Accept DNS Configuration" set to disabled.
To my firewall, as I read somewhere (I can't remember where now...soooo many resources and soooo much reading) that the VPN client doesn't add the required rules for NATing bridges other than br0.
I still don't have internet access on my VLAN though, so I'm pretty much lost as to what to do.
to the firewall. Use whatever bridge interface you have clients on you want routed through the VPN. So, now I have my main LAN with a single client routed through the VPN, and a VLAN which I've assigned port 4 on the router too which all DHCP clients are routed through the VPN as well.
Does anybody know what goes in the "/root/vpn_route.sh"?
It is not mentioned in any of lfjeff's posts?
Quite an interesting thread as been looking at this for a vodafone sure signal that won't run behind a vpn, is there any way that this can be done using the GUI on Tomato?
You could echo the script into that file using the init script instead of uploading it and saving to nvram. I haven't tried it, but it should work.
You could even echo the contents of the vpn_route.sh on there and save it to nvram as well if you wanted.
all sorted, thanks "quidagis" had a re-read and sorted it thanks again for the useful post.
I'm going to be implementing lfjeff's solution (post #43) on my Asus RT-N16 this coming weekend (currently I have something similar working, but more the opposite where I have all traffic going through the VPN and I selectively send traffic, based on IP, to the regular WAN connection—but, since I only want a handful of devices to use VPN and the rest of the network to function as normal, lfjeff's solution will be a lot better/easier to maintain as I add new devices).
1. What does the WAN connection have to be? Currently, my modem is in bridged mode and so Tomato is handling my PPOE connection (giving Tomato a dynamic public WAN IP). Is this OK? Or, would I be better off having the modem handle the PPOE connection, DMZ everything to the Tomato router and have it set with a static WAN IP?
2. Does this solution selectively use DNS based on the route? What I mean is, will VPN traffic use the VPN server's DNS servers and regular WAN traffic use the DNS I specify? With my current solution, no matter what I do, DNS goes through the VPN provider.
3. Is it possible to have the device(s) connected to the VPN connection fall back to the regular connection if VPN goes down? Since I'm basically doing this to access Hulu Plus and Netflix on my Apple TV (I'm in Canada but want to "appear" as though I'm in the USA), if VPN goes down I'd like it to just fall back to my regular internet connection (ie. Hulu Plus won't work, Netflix will access the Canadian library). This isn't a huge deal though, as I could just change the IP of the Apple TV if the VPN goes down (thus, sending traffic through the regular WAN connection), then set it back to the VPN-based IP when VPN is back up again.
Any advice, etc. much appreciated!
...would this work (ie. would it provide a fallback to the WAN in the even the VPN connection goes down)?
And one final question (for now) for those who got lfjeff's solution (post #43) working—in your OpenVPN client settings > Advanced, do you have Accept DNS Configuration enabled or disabled? My VPN provider requires this setting to be enabled, but from what I gather, doing this also negates any other "up" scripts. Would this cause a problem?
Just a quick update, applied lfjeff's solution (post #43) to a fresh Tomato USB-VPN (Tomato Firmware v1.28.9054 MIPSR2-beta K26 USB vpn3.6) tonight on my Asus RT-N16 and it's working like a charm!
Just an FYI for anyone getting a "Route script failed: could not execute external program" error in their logs (which I got initially)—I fixed this by copying/pasting the script from these forums directly onto the router (via vi using telnet) and editing on their. Previously, I was first saving the script to my Mac and it just didn't like it.
Anyway, thanks again to everyone on this thread—this is exactly what I was looking for!
I'm really hoping someone can help me with this, I've been trying to get this going for 2 days now. I've followed #43 to the best of my abilities, I logged into the router with WinSCP and created the vpn_route.sh file and tried to put it in /root but it gives me a read-only error so it won't let me. In WinSCP I see /<root> as the top level of the tree with 20 subfolder underneath (bin, cifs, cifs2, dev, etc, home, jffs, lib, mmc, mnt, opt, proc, rom, root, sbin, sys, tmp, usr, var, www) and I've tried putting it in various other folders and applying it to nvram with jeff's script. When I do the "check" that David3 provided "ls -al vpn_route.sh" it never shows up as being under root.
I'm really really bad with linux, so this is very tough for me. I asked a guy at work and he said I might have to go with the jffs to do it. I did a bit of looking around and enabled that, cleared my jffs flash and then was able to put it in that folder, with the same results (nothing). This is killing me because I think I'm close. The OpenVPN works great with my PIA VPN service but of course it sends everything through there. I only want my new smart TV to go through the tunnel at all times.
I'm using the following firmware: Tomato Firmware v1.28.7501 MIPSR2Toastman-RT K26 USB VPN and an Asus RT n16 router.
When I do David's check script for "nvram get vpn_client1_ip_list" it shows up with 192.168.1.5, which is the static DHCP binding that I gave my TV, so that's all good.
PLEASE can someone tell me how to get that .sh script into root? I would be very grateful at this point.
I logged into the router with WinSCP and created the vpn_route.sh file and tried to put it in /root but it gives me a read-only error so it won't let me. In WinSCP I see /<root> as the top level of the tree with 20 subfolder underneath (bin, cifs, cifs2, dev, etc, home, jffs, lib, mmc, mnt, opt, proc, rom, root, sbin, sys, tmp, usr, var, www) and I've tried putting it in various other folders and applying it to nvram with jeff's script. When I do the "check" that David3 provided "ls -al vpn_route.sh" it never shows up as being under root.
You're trying to put it in the root of your router, which isn't where you want to put it. You want to create/put the .sh file in root's home. So, in WinSCP, put it in /tmp/home/root or /root (they're the same place—one is an alias of the other I think) and that should work.
Then you should be good to go! I've done this process to two RT-N16 routers in the past month and a half and both worked perfectly!
I never managed to make lfjeff's script to work out on my Cisco Linsys E4200, however I was lucky enough to find another solution based on iptables rules.
Below you will find a little script. Edit as you need ( The IP address you gave your TV is already in place - ip_address1="192.168.1.5"), paste the code to ADMINISTRATION - SCRIPTS - WAN Up, reboot the router and you should be all set. Since you're not Linux skilled you don't have to fiddle with command lines, nvram or any other stuff like that.
# If your IP addresses don't fall in a contiguous range, you'll need separate rules instead.
# SHELL COMMANDS FOR MAINTENANCE.
# Delete table 100 and flush any existing rules if they exist.
QQQTJ, windozer and richardvoyageur like this.
Quidagis, you are THE man! THanks a lot for this info. I am going to try it as we speak... I had the same kind of question (even if this post was with a different question originaly). I presume many people like me would like the routing selected according to the DESTINATION of the ip. Basically you did it (in theory). Now I am going to try to implement that today!
Quidagis, I cleant a bit the code to make it simpler for a simple test. I will make it more complicated later as my rules are already ready!
The only thing left to do from this code is (and i quote) to paste the code to ADMINISTRATION - SCRIPTS - WAN Up, reboot the router?
#Here I assume the OpenVPN tunnel is named "tun11".
I just tried the code below which is the one you sent, but I cleant it again!
But when i put that nobody has internet except the 192.168.1.196.
@ quidagis - mate thanks so much for your script, (From post no. #90) it works a treat, I have 3 devices that are using my normal ISP and the rest of my devices all going out via the VPN, great work man, and thanks for the script. I just have one question, I would now like to be able to find out what IP addresses are listed, Can i FTP into the router and find an ip table somewhere or is there a command that I can issue into the router?
Thanks and sorry to hijack this thread.
Wanna find out what IP addresses are listed?
You go to TOOLS -SYSTEM and execute: "nvram get no_vpn_lst" --- no quotes, OK?
Just use your custom IPAs and you should be all set.
When you say my custom cript, you mean the one from post 129?
The funny thing is that your Static DNS are the same as mine. I use both from OpenDNS and one from google!
However, my script, is only giving me VPN on 192.168.1.196 and no internet on the other machines.
Can you see something weird?
Yes, your custom script from post 129.
The only difference worth to mention, I have four (4) wan interfaces.
The other difference, my internet connection is via Cable-DHCP, yours is PPPoE. That should not pose a problem as far as I know. Maybe my WAN type being Cable-DHCP creates that extra WAN interface.
You're a lifesaver and a friend for life! This worked brilliantly, could never get jeff's code to work, even with the other hints and help from the rest of the thread. this way is MUCH easier to do, first try success. whatismyip.com is showing proper proxied IP for the TV and normal ISP for everything else. SWEET dude. thanks so much. anyone wanting to do this should use this method unless proficient with Linux. Actually, just do this one, it's still easier. One cut and paste basically, along with your normal VPN setup from your VPN service. Reboot the router and it comes up golden.
Good to know it's worked out for you.
Yes, this method it's easier than lfjeff's. Besides, you can filter not just IPAs but ports, protocols and websites too. And the added bonus that is all GUI, no command lines to type and no messing around with routing tables / nvram variables.
Have a nice day, amigo.
Is it possible to specify a list of domain names that go through the VPN?
If you can't specify a domain how do you convert from a domain to a list of IP addresses and keep this list updated?
@ quidagis, good work, thanks for sharing I only found your post by searching for ages on Google so thanks for posting and yeah credit to the OP.
I run that command and can see that I have 2 devices running via the normal ISP and the rest out via the tunnel.
I was just wondering, since I run that command and have them two ip addresses how would I go about "un-committing" them to nvram and then I can paste them into the script that you posted, I don't mind using ftp or telnet to get into the router if there's a way to do ip tables.
How ever, It's cool, I have the 2 devices that I want with static ip addresses doing what I wanted. normal isp.
Thanks again for posting and taking the time to reply bud.
1. I want to be able to remote access my home network from outside, specifically: The remote web admin of the router, a remote web admin of Transmission running on a machine on the LAN, other services running on LAN machines using specific ports etc - all of which have port-forwards set in the router. I would also like to be able to remotely OpenVPN in to the OpenVPN server running on my Tomato router. But as my VPN provider doesn't allow incoming ports I can't "come in" through the VPN tunnel, so it requires my DYNDNS address to resolve to the ISP IP and not the VPN IP. I read bmupton's post#113 which seems to be a solution to a similar issue, but frankly I don't understand it.
2. This is REALLY WEIRD but I swear it's true. All web traffic is going out via the VPN, have checked IP geolocation etc, and all websites work fine. Except one - www.linksysinfo.org ! This clearly doesn't make any sense at all, all other websites work fine, have flushed DNS on my computers, but on every machine if I go to www.linksysinfo.org with the VPN connected it never loads, and as soon as I disconnect the VPN, it loads straight away. Any ideas at all?
EDIT - Ignore that - this turned out to be an issue with one particularly node of the VPN provider and nothing to do with my router.
Please inform us if it is working on your firmware (version) and routeur (model). Thanks.
I collected some IPs to bypass and I re-ordered them to use them in the script above.
However, you will notice that it is a long list.
Netflix for example, uses amazon EC2 servers... that is why you have many servers.
Please note that I am not 100% if they are all working... have a try and give us a feedback please.
# Disney (ESPN) STILL NOT WORKING!!
# FOX NOT WORKING YET!
That would be cool if we could have this in another file that would call the script... i dont know if i am clear... but it otherwise the script is going to be too long, right?
You don't need to call the WAN-up script. You need another script you run from TOOLS - SYSTEM - EXECUTE SYSTEM COMMANDS to add the new rules.
BTW, something I forgot to mention. Every time you add / delete a rule it takes effect immediately, NO NEED TO REBOOT. That's the beauty of this approach, no messing around with routes / nvram. Simple and elegant.
I still did not manage to successfully run the script to bypass some adresses! I am working on it for a while now and I dont know what is wrong!
I tried the latest shibby firmware and not I am testing this on the latest Toastman firmware for my Asus RT-N66U.
In the VPN client I have what is in the tutorial.
Basically it is working with those settings. VPN is running OK.
However, I can not run even the basic script from Quidagis! It is sooo frustrating.
and remember you have to remove or comment out "auth-user-pass /tmp/userpass.conf" from / in Custom Configuration.
Quidagis, thanks a lot... really!
Please could you give me the script, then i would only copy and paste it.
And I would like all traffic to netflix to use the VPN (on any computer).
All the other trafic to use the ISP settings.
It would really help me if you could do that... i know you did a lot already and i am grateful for that... but i am so frustrated still... i hope you understand.
So, all you need is to let all traffic go ISP except one destination website (Netflix).
The routeur was set with PPPOE and VPN. It was working in a "normal" way.
All PCs connect to the RT-N66U.
I tested your scripts and they are working OK now.
However, (there is always an however with me ). I am disapointed that i need to use a second routeur for that!! I dont understand why it is not working.... anyone as an explanation?
No-one else using Quidagis script from post#90? The one that forces all traffic over VPN EXCEPT certain IPs? It's working fine as per my previous post but now can't access anything remotely. Any ideas? Thanks!
I don't understand why you need a second router. What do you want to do exactly?
I would like to try your script as I´m interested in bypass the VPN with some of my devices, but I´m running a Merlin Firmware ver. 3.0.0.4.270.24 on a ASUS RT-N66U router but I couldn't find where to run the script.
Merlin firmware is Tomato-RT based. My piece of advice... flash a full Tomato mod so that you can get OpenVPN.
Read as many guides as you can to flash your router and avoid a possible brick. Shibby's mod would be my choice.
Thanks for your advice, but I tried several times Tomato mod and was unable to get OpenVPN connected but with Merlin firmware I did.
Last night I was able to load the script via WinSPC, but bypassing is not working at all. I was making a test only with 1 IP address, but not lucky.
Do you think it can be the firmware? Even if Merlin one is based on Tomato based?
I can also try to flash it again with tomato mod.
Maybe it's the software, I can't say for sure.
I successfully installed Tomato's firmware and the script is running perfectly. Thanks for all!!
- Is there a way to have i.e. an IPAD connected through the VPN for watching Hulu Plus or Netflix and when finishing change the connection through ISP instead? I know that changing the IP address is one way to do it, but is anyother "less disturbing"?
You don't have to worry about changing anything. Just build the rules for that specific website by typing the WEBSITES_IP_RANGES list. The script will do the rest for you. Any device connected to the VPNed router will be able to surf websites on that list.
On the other hand if you built a specific rule for your iPad, that's another story. If you did build a rule for the iPad (IP_ADDRS_LST), forget about building that rule, delete it and you're done. You'll still be able to surf the listed websites.
1. "Have one LAN device 192.168.0.X route OUTSIDE of the VPN on normal WAN"
# IP addresses, contiguous range AND/OR individual.
# IP_ADDRESSES - RANGE(S) AND/OR INDIVIDUAL(S) - $ip_addrs will bypass VPN tunnel - "NORMAL WAN"
2- "Receive incoming connections on specified ports e.g. Port 1234 through the normal WAN"
You can find lots of documentation on PORT FORWARDING which is what you need to accomplish what you want.
3- "Have the Dynamic DNS client report the WAN address, not the address of the VPN endpoint"
"Use WAN IP Address aa.bb.cc.dd (recommended)"
Set Dynamic DNS 1 to match service of choice.
Hi, thanks a lot for your reply. The problem is that I am using the Tomato router connected to a fiber modem. The modem does the connection to the ISP then forwards all ports to the Tomato router as DMZ (the modem does not have bridge mode). So in my case the fiber modem gets the public IP from the ISP, the fiber modem has LAN address of 192.168.1.1, the Tomato router has LAN address from the modem of 192.168.1.2 to which all traffic is DMZed, and the Tomato router gives out client addresses of 192.168.0.x to my devices.
So when I am connected to VPN, if I "use external address checker" I get the public IP of the VPN endpoint, and if I "use WAN IP" that just gives me the 192.168.1.1 address of the fiber modem.
I know how to do port-forwarding in standard use. But my VPN provider doesn't forward incoming ports on the tunnel, and (as above) I can only get my DDNS to obtain the VPN endpoint public IP, not the public IP of the fiber modem. IF... I could find some way for the DDNS to use the fiber modem public IP, then I would need some way for certain incoming and outgoing ports to bypass the VPN.
Does that make sense? Sorry if I'm not describing it well.
The public IP address you get from the ISP... is it dynamic or static? If a static one... no problem, set Dynamic DNS to CUSTOM IP ADDRESS.
I am really happy I find this thread, Thank you for following it , I'm zero knowledge of Unix and and just wondering if your Script working with with VPN tunneling PPTP?
I'm using E4200 with tomato-E4200-NVRAM60K-1.28.0501.2MIPSR2Toastman-RT-N-VPN.bin and connect with Astrill VPN via VPN tunnelling PPTP client and working.
They have their own OpenVPN Application I can load to my router with GUI to work like your script.and working too for me.
But some how for my requirement I need PPTP tunneling for faster speed compare to OpenVPN.
The solution to stay away from freezes, DON'T START PPTP CLIENT WITH WAN and run the script (http://pastebin.com/download.php?i=m1rrG3tj) from TOOLS -SYSTEM - EXECUTE SYSTEM COMMANDS after starting PPTP client manually.
Hello Q , I admire u taking your time and helping other people in this forum.
Remember not to run the script in Wan UP - leave it blank, OK? PPTP won't work, at least not on my router.
What I meant, the existing Setup for the Start With WAN always disable and connected Astrilll and working. if I enable It didn't work.
And with tomato-E4200-NVRAM60K-1.28.0501.2MIPSR2Toastman-RT-N-VPN.bin it didn't work .if I run your script, error but forgot to note the error.
I was working beautiful per your instruction. even I saw note ..
I tried Reboot/ Plug out/ erase NvRam your script still there!
Your script is Champion !!!! and the only thing if I reboot the Router, I need to to connect via PPTP client again and execute your script.
and if the router down/reboot (without you aware of) and the IP will be exposed.
in TYPE ---> PPTP and keep alive connection and run your script from Execute System Commands and it WORKS!!!!
Thank you Q. you make my day today.. SO I'm not worried my IP exposed if the router down or reboot and always protected.
Thank you to all Firmware Developers too certainly.
Can I just edit to the IP range at the system command and execute again ?
How can I erase the script without factory default?
it's possible to run you script automatically, after the PPTP connection in Basic Wan Setup has been established ..?
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory"
No worries about these messages.
Since you're connecting from "Basic WAN Setup" try running the script from "WAN Up" so that you don't have to run it manually. It should work with no problem.
You're free to do whatever you need / want.
"How can I erase the script without factory default?"
What you type at System Command is transient (unless committed to nvram, which is not the case), no need to delete anything. On the other hand, if you type/paste the script to Wan Up, just delete, save blank and reboot.
You are the Champ, it WORKS!!!!
The thing every time I made change at Basic setup the router Freeze,(cant access the router, need Power Cycle and after that your script works flawless, I suspect the Firmware is not stable yet.
It is also the same thing if I save the script after editing.
But If I reboot on purpose the router working, but will loose DNS so Just go to Status and do the Disconnect and Connect => and your script working after WAN PPTP connected.
I will try to change my firmware per your link above. do you know Shibby AIO is specified for? I want to activate Samba server later.
Do you think your script will Work with DD-WRT.?
- Run the script by Cut and Paste from ADMIN==>Scripts==WAN UP and Save, and the script will run automatically or Reboot (in my case).
- we are not to be worried of exposing our IP which is specified for VPN but it goes through regular ISP, if the VPN down or the router reboot by it self the Script will run automatically after Wan connected (some time we are not aware that actually our device is connected through regular ISP instead of VPN tunnel).
This solution will not happened without Quidagis the credit all goes to him.
I've come to the conclusion that freezes are the result of PPTP taking long to connect. Changing firmware might not solve that issue, give it a shot though, maybe you're lucky. Shibby's All_In_One has all Tomato bells and whistles, Samba included.
I haven't tried on DD-WRT yet. If you can get a K26 firmware it might work. IDK for sure. lfjeff on post # 31 says "..., as the K24 version does not implement the "ip rule" commands correctly. "
BTW, the credit for the script is not mine. I just changed/added a few lines here and there, that's all.
I have a related question. I want to route the internet traffic of one machine on my server lan through the VPN to a client lan. I have multiple site-to-site clients connecting to the server. How would I go about doing that. I have been mucking around with the scripts in this thread but not been able to make it work. Thanks!
Out of curiosity, has anyone been able to get ljeff's script from post 43 (http://www.linksysinfo.org/index.php?threads/any-way-to-bypass-vpn-selectively.33468/#post-164693) to work with multiple VPN tunnels? ie) some devices on tun11, some on tun12, everything else on WAN?
Q, when i did read your post, i had to think of all that... it took me another half a day to redo all that!!
Thanks Q. I dont know why i was even installing the other routeur... it made the overall more complicated.
I now connected my Modem directly to the routeur. Should i activate the Firewall on the modem? It is on a different subdomain, like modem is 192.168.0.1 and the routeur is 192.168.1.2 Is that OK.? I mean... it works, but i want to be sure in terms of security!
The part that tells is what tunnel device to use (near the top of the script) will ALWAYS return tun11 if vpn_client1_ip_list is set, so what I did was created two scripts, identical except for that bit, and call them individually in the clients.
I have not tried running both tunnels simultaneously, though. I imagine that firing up the second tunnel will destroy the routing for the first tunnel, but maybe not. I only have one VPN provider and can only make a single connection, so I cannot test.
Sure, activate the FW. In terms of security is the best you can do.
If your modem is in bridge mode, then it is passing all data straight through to the router. The only firewall in operation will be Tomato's.
So I will set the firewall on the modem.
Luckily enough my VPN provider allows multiple concurrent logins under a single account, so I can have a US exit for the PCs and occasionally put the xbox on a European exit node for NHL Gamecenter at the same time (ergo needing two clients open enough. But, on to the good news.....I got it! Haven't coded in about 10 years, and near zero experience with linux/netfilter/iptables, but it works.
As you said, it requires two different scripts. I inserted some logging and it turns out that even with both VPN clients up, whichever client is started second still returns $route_gateway_1 as its gateway even if the first client is connected. Please keep in mind the scripts are large (about 4k each, though could be trimmed since they include the logging commands) so I had to save them in jffs. Please note that I do not feel anywhere competent enough to answer any questions regarding debugging and such, but I wanted to include them here in case anyone is looking for a similar solution to mine.
I've included the two scripts as well as the logfile outputs for each below, hopefully people can use put them to use. In order to help, the start/stop order was start client 1, start client 2, stop client 1, stop client 2. The scripts should be used in the same way as ljeff said in post 43, you just wind up with one script specific to VPN client 1, and one specific to VPN client 2.
I would have loved to include everything as inline code, unfortunately I was WAY over the 15k post limit. Anyway, good luck to everyone else!
On cisco routers/switches you can define "interesting traffic" using ACL's, and that traffic goes through the VPN.
For example, 172.16.0.1/24 to 192.168.0.1/24 could be defined as interesting traffic and would be sent over the VPN, whereas 172.16.0.1/24 to anywhere else would go to the open internet rather than through the VPN tunnel. This allows you to truly bridge two private networks.
Any idea if this kind of functionality already exists or could be integrated into tomato? I'm not a programmer, otherwise I'd work on it myself.
You mean like exactly what's being done here?
Read some of the other comments in that thread as well. You can "mark" traffic based on criteria (source/destination), then do something based on those marks. Linux iptables already has this capability.
Well, I'm trying to refine my vpn rules and went with quidagis' script as I am really looking more to only put BitTorrent and traffic to Socks5 proxies (receiving on port 1080) onto the VPN.
No, it doesn't look correct. I believe if you tried that you'd get an error from the iprange module stating that you're not giving it correct syntax.
Basically, there's no point to use of the iprange module in 99% of cases out there. Get rid of it and just use -s (--src) or -d (--dst) for matching against source or destination addresses or network ranges in CIDR format.
Also, I don't know if you can accomplish what you're doing based on source address given how the NAT layer works. You'd have to experiment/try.
I have been following the discussions and my thanks to Quidagis for some excellent work.
I am facing a similar issue that was raised above without any solution. I need to access the SSH Daemon on Tomato remotely for two reasons: 1) Remote Admin and 2) I use it as a SSH proxy for internet access.
I had the need to selectively bypass the VPN and Quidagis' script in post 90 and 130 addressed this need. I still cannot access the ssh daemon remotely. I was wondering whether adding the router address of 192.168.1.1 to the script in posting 90 and 131 would solve my issue but I am not sure what else it may do.
I am experimenting with this issue on shibby's tomato firmware. So far, the only script that has worked for me was Tunde Oloworaran's script - this is because I am assigning all known devices a static IP address.
but sadly, that doesn't work for me at all.
Can anybody suggest an addition to the script I'm using below that will allow me to completely bypass VPN based on destination IP Address?
I've recently released code and instructions on GitHub on how to build a Domain-Specific VPN router based on a Raspberry Pi.
This solution allows for a plug-n-play appliance that you install between your provider modem and your router that allows for multiple outbound VPN connections (PPTP only for now), for each VPN connection you can specify a wildcard domain to route down it. This way "normal" internet connectivity remains on your native connection, but domains you specify as "interesting" route down the VPN connection you specify.
Thanks for sharing your result. Now I have Tunde's script working as well. What a joy!
In 2012 and early 2013 I had lfjeff's script work perfectly, but I don't know what happened now; I have flashed numerous builds and red-button cleared nvram numerous times but it wont work. As soon as I set vpn_clientlist1 variable to nvram, those ips have no internet at all. Secondly, after adding vpnroute.sh to the custom config, all the other ips successfully bypass the vpn.
To make Tunde Oloworaran's script work for me (exclude/bypass vpn for IPs 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.127), I replaced all the "ip rule add" lines with my line. I put my DHCP range from 1 to 127... and I manual configure my device an ip from 128 to 255 to access via vpn.
I suppose you'd need to add a CIDR range instead of a single IP address? I don't know; I haven't tried it.
To get the CIDR range for your 'destination' whether it be an ip or domain, you can use WhosIP: Get IP address information from command-line. You'd need to execute whosip with -r switch - then you can see the CIDR to add. Example - Hulu has two sets of CIDR ranges (23.64.0.0/14 & 23.32.0.0/11) shown below.
Owner Name:  Akamai Technologies, Inc.
Contact Name: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
Using WHOIS (to query ARIN, RIPE, etc.) is not the only step you need to do to determine a network block for a company. It's a proper start, but you need to look at actual routes being advertised on the Internet to determine what the proper network size (re: CIDR) is.
Use a public looking glass like route-views.routeviews.org. If you want to know how to do this, I can tell you.
And quite often companies have multiple AS numbers making this a very tedious, very painful process. Welcome to Networking 101.
Tunde Oloworaran's script works perfectly for bypassing. But it breaks my tunnelbroker IPv6; without the script, tunnelbroker IPv6 works perfectly.
Did anyone ever find out why ifjeff's solution only works selectively? I could never get it to work on my e4200 with shibby 110 or 112 firmware builds.
I can get Quidagis's first script to work fine, but I lkie ijeff's better since it uses the IP's you want to pass through the vpn as opposed to listing all the ip's that you don't want to go through.
Another thing I noticed is that it breaks port forwarding on ip's supposedly outside of the vpn.
I have successfully been able to use lfjeff's post to setup VPN-specific clients. The one thing that doesn't work anymore is the connection to my cable modem interface. I can ping it, but can't access through a browser. Any ideas?
Thanks bimmerm3m5, I will try that with my IP 10.0.1.1/24.
before the start of each script yes?
If inserted into the relevant Administration -> Scripts section as bimmerm3m5 states, then no, the hashbang (#!/bin/sh) line is not needed.


L eslee Rowlands is an Art educator with over 30 years of experience teaching students of all ages. Her aim is to offer a supportive learning environment in which the participants are inspired and can develop the confidence to explore and pursue their artistic side.
Leslee is currently working on several projects inspired by travel and returning home to Australia. As an artist she has won prizes for photographic works and painting. Her work is held in several private collections.