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CROSSOVER CHRONOLOGY
PART VIII
by Win Scott Eckert
Search The Wold Newton Universe
CROSSOVER STORIES APPEAR IN BLUE TEXT
CROSSOVER REFERENCES TO SUPERHEROES AND/OR INFORMATION RELATED TO SUPERHERO UNIVERSES APPEAR IN GREEN TEXT (CLICK HERE FOR A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF HOW SUPERHERO CROSSOVERS ARE DOCUMENTED ON THIS CHRONOLOGY)
AN OVERVIEW OF KEY EVENTS IN THE WOLD NEWTON UNIVERSE APPEARS IN BLACK TEXT - not intended as an all-inclusive history - for complete information refer to:
Philip José Farmer's Tarzan Alive, Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, and The Other Log of Phileas Fogg
William S. Baring-Gould's Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street and Nero Wolfe of West 35th Street
Professor H.W. Starr's articles A Submersible Subterfuge, or, Proof Impositive and A Case of Identity, or, The Adventure of the Seven Claytons (both articles included as addenda to Farmer's The Other Log of Phileas Fogg and Tarzan Alive, respectively)
Rick Lai's article The Secret History of Captain Nemo, Pulp Vault number 11, Tattered Pages Press
Peter Cannon's The Chronology Out of Time: Dates in the Fiction of H.P. Lovecraft, Necronomicon Press, 1997
Daniel Harms' The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana, 2nd ed., Chaosium Books, 1998 (including the Timeline of the Cthulhu Mythos by Shannon Appel)
Chris Jarocha-Ernst's A Cthulhu Mythos Bibliography & Concordance, Armitage House, 1999
Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, volumes I and II and the annotations of volume I and volume II by Jess Nevins
other works cited on these pages
A FATHER WITHOUT CREDIT
After Charlie Chan instructs his son, Lee Chan, on some finer points on the psychology of detection, Lee responds, "Gosh Pop! That explains why great detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Arsène Lupin, and Philo Vance could tell so much about a man just by looking at him!" Chan thinks to himself, "Hmm! It is truly said, a prophet is without honor in his own country, and a father is without credit in his own home!"
Charlie Chan Sunday comic strip from March 16, 1941, by Alfred Andriola. The strip was untitled, and so I supplied this title. It confirms that Chan coexists in the same universe with Holmes, Lupin, and Vance. For information on Charlie Chan's genealogy, please click here.
THE HALF-HAUNTED
Judge Keith Hilary Pursuivant is consulted by Jules de Grandin and Dr. Trowbridge.
Short story by Manly Wade Wellman, writing as Gans T. Field, Weird Tales, September 1941. For more on Pursuivant and de Grandin, please read Matthew Baugh's Occult Detectives in the Wold Newton Universe.
TOPPER RETURNS
Cosmo Topper hires Jack Benny's butler Rochester, but Rochester complains that he's going back to Mister Benny.
Jack Benny was the best friend of George Burns, whose wife Gracie Allen once solved a murder case with Philo Vance in 1938.
March 1941 - The events of Meet Captain America: Dr. Reinstein successfully tests his research on volunteer Private Steve Rogers. (Click here for more information.) (The first issue of Timely Comics' (later Marvel Comics) Captain America, published in 1941, included here because of references in The Case of the Shrieking Skeletons and Sting of the Green Hornet. Beyond that, I do not believe that the Marvel Comics Universe is a part of, or should be included in, the Wold Newton Universe. (See also Alternate Universes.) A reprint of this story can be found in The Great Comic Book Heroes, edited by Jules Feiffer, Bonanza Books, 1970, or in Marvel's Captain America: The Classic Years, 1998.)
THE BROKEN VASE
While in New York, private detective Tecumseh Fox has dinner at Rusterman's.
A novel by Rex Stout. Rusterman's is also frequented by Stout's detective, Nero Wolfe, thus bringing Fox into the Wold Newton Universe.
1941 - After briefly escaping from prison the previous year, Brigid O'Shaunessy gives birth of Sam Spade, Jr., in the California State Women's Prison (click here for more information).
1941 - The events of the film The Mad Monster.
April 1941 - Marla Drake, an American cousin of British agent John Drake, dons the skintight black leopard costume of an African witch-doctor and springs into action as the spicy heroine, The Black Fury, later known as Miss Fury, in weekly tales told by Tarpe Mills. (Of course, it is quite flattering that the ideas and speculation expressed in this entry were lifted and used here, despite the lack of any acknowledgment.)
1941 - A child is born to La of Opar. The child is orphaned and eventually grows up to become known as Modesty Blaise (click here for more information).
1941 - Events of the film The Mummy's Tomb.
THE MAYAN MUTATIONS
When a man comes to Doc Savage's headquarters seeking help with his adulterous wife, Ham recommends, "Go look up Sam Spade or some other seedy gumshoe, Herkimer. The world isn't threatened by your wife's infidelities -- and Doc only accepts world-threatening cases." Ham the refers to Monk as a "bolgani." Later on, Monk comments that he bets that a tree city "puts Tarzan's joint to shame."
Marvel Comics' Doc Savage Magazine number 7, January 1977, by Doug Moench, Val Mayerik, and Tony DeZuniga. "Bolgani" is the Mangani word for "gorilla"; click here for the Mangani-English Dictionary. Monk's reference could either be to the real Lord Greystoke or the film Tarzans.
July 1941 - The events of But Our Hero Was Not Dead (aka The Man Who Was Not Dead), in which elderly Mr. Sherlock Holmes (ably assisted by Dr. Watson and Mrs. Hudson) captures a German Intelligence agent and thwarts a planned land invasion of England. But are our heroes really so elderly, or do they only seem so? But for Holmes' discovery of the royal jelly bee pollen life-extension elixir in 1921, the odds would be against Holmes, Watson, and Mrs. Hudson all surviving to extreme old age. Clearly, the royal jelly has had the desired effect and, as with other long-lived inhabitants of the Newtonverse, the three are only feigning their extreme age. Conspicuous by her absence is Holmes' wife, Mary Russell; perhaps the British Government is putting her talents to good use and she is away on a wartime mission. The story is told by Manly Wade Wellman and is found in the anthology The Game is Afoot.
August 1941 - "The greedy grasp of tyranny is upon Europe, and ramparts of evil challenge the free-born peoples of the world to dispute Nazi cruelty if they dare! And there are those who dare, who never refused a dare yet! Messengers of destruction to all evil and injustice -- The Blackhawks!" (Quality Comics' Military Comics No. 1).
August 1941 - Gangster Eel O'Brian is injured by a falling vat of "acid" during a chemical-plant robbery. The outlaw is rescued by a kindly monk and nursed back to health at Rest Haven Monastery. The Eel changes his ways, and, discovering that the acid, which has gotten into his bloodstream, has left him with strange stretching powers, he decides to use these powers to fight crime as Plastic Man (Quality Comics' Police Comics No. 1). Click here for a fuller explanation of Plastic Man's powers.
1941-1942 - Frank Griffin, Jr., grandson of Dr. John "Jack" Hawley Griffin (the first Invisible Man), and the son of Jack Griffin, becomes the Invisible Agent, under the alias of "Frank Raymond." For more information, please read Dennis Power's excellent article, The Invisibles.
December 1941 - First appearance of Wonder Woman (All Star Comics No. 8, Sensation Comics No.1).
December 1941 - The events of the classic film Casablanca (click here for more information).
December 5-7, 1941 - Edgar Rice Burroughs, the chronicler of the adventures of many prominent Wold Newtonites (as well as being the nephew of John Carter), and his son, Hulbert "Hully" Burroughs, become embroiled in a murder mystery, as told by Max Allan Collins in The Pearl Harbor Murders.
December 1941-December 1942 - Michael Walsh's novel As Time Goes By, a sequel to Casablanca, continuing the story of Rick Blaine and Ilsa Lund (click here for more information).
PLASTIC MAN VS. HAIRY ARMS
The villain, Hairy Arms, lures Plastic Man to Wildwood Cemetery, home of the Spirit.
The Spirit isn't mentioned in the tale, which can be found in Volume One of the Plastic Man Archives, but the mention of The Spirit's stomping grounds, Wildwood Cemetery, confirms that Plastic Man and The Spirit exist in the same universe. As usual, the whole of the DC Comics continuity is not incorporated into the Wold Newton Universe; this Plastic Man is an alternate reality version of his counterpart in the DC comics universe (see The Philosophy of the Wold Newton Universe and the Crossover Chronology for more information).
THE BIG FISH
In the rain-swept coastal town of Bay City, L.A. private eye Philip Marlowe has a brush with the Deep Ones and becomes one of the few people to lay eyes on The Necronomicon. Also appearing are Edwin Winthrop, agent of a special section of British Intelligence especially assigned to deal with Cthulhuoid horrors, and his vampire partner, Geneviève Dieudonné. Special Agent Finlay of the "Unnameables" Section of the FBI is also part of the anti-Cthulhu task-force.
This short story by Kim Newman (in the anthologies Famous Monsters, Pocket Books, 1995, and Cthulhu 2000, Del Rey Books, 1999) is a direct sequel to H.P. Lovecraft's The Shadows Over Innsmouth, and is one of the best pastiches I've ever read of any character(s), anywhere. The section of the FBI that employs Finlay is undoubtedly a precursor of the modern X-Files section. Edwin Winthrop and Genevieve Dieudonné are Newtonverse versions of their counterparts in the Anno Dracula Universe, just as Charles Beauregard is a Newtonverse version of his AD Universe counterpart in All-Consuming Fire (1887). Furthermore, The Big Fish cannot take place in the AD Universe because Marlowe and Genevieve meet for the first time in 1977 in that Universe; see Newman's Castle in the Desert.
1942-1943 - Dr. Elwin Ransom is transported to an alternate planet Venus, as told in C.S. Lewis' Perelandra, the second part of the Space Trilogy.
Early May 1942
THE FIERY MENACE
Pat Savage owns several vehicles which she calls "Clarence," "Tarzan," "Adolph Hitler," and "Winston Churchill."
Doc Savage novel by Lester Dent, September 1942. The information and date were derived from Rick Lai's comprehensive Chronology of Bronze. Since Pat's vehicles are obviously named after real people, one wonders who "Clarence" might be?
STING OF THE GREEN HORNET
The Green Hornet (Britt Reid, the grand-nephew of the Lone Ranger) and Kato cross paths with The Shadow and Captain America (Steve Rogers). Also briefly appearing are reporters Clark Kent and Lois Lane, Colonel Nick Fury, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Walter Gibson, biographer of The Shadow, is also revealed to be an agent of The Shadow. Not seen, but mentioned by a couple of Army privates, is Namor, the Sub-Mariner. He is not mentioned by name, but they refer to rumors of a man with tiny wings on his feet who is single-handedly sinking Nazi subs.
A comics mini-series by Jeff Butler and Ron Fortier, published by NOW Comics, taking place just after Meet Captain America. The costumed mystery-man on the cover of issue number four is not Captain America, but his half-strength counterpart, Private Lee Powell, aka the Yankee Commando, who did not receive the final super-soldier injection before the murder of Dr. Reinstein by Nazi spies. Franklin Roosevelt met Sherlock Holmes in 1905.
Again, I do not believe that the whole of the DC Comics or Marvel Comics continuities should be incorporated into the Wold Newton Universe. At best, the cameo appearances of a few superheroes such as Superman, Captain America, The Batman, and the Sub-Mariner in the Newtonverse indicate that they are alternate reality versions of their counterparts in the comics universes. The same goes for the appearance of Nick Fury. (See also Alternate Universes and the crossover rules for superheroes.)
It is my theory that the few superheroes in the Newtonverse only operated through the Golden Age of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s; otherwise, the Newtonverse would look much more like a comic superhero universe than it does today. A second, even smaller wave operated in the 1960s and 1970s.
I have little doubt that Philip José Farmer did not intend to consolidate the DC Comics Universe with the Wold Newton Universe when, in Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, he suggested that Lois Lane was the sister of The Shadow's Margo Lane.
SEVEN STARS Episode Three: THE TROUBLE WITH BARRYMORE
In a follow-up to The Big Fish, Philip Marlowe again crosses paths with Edwin Winthrop, Geneviève Dieudonné, and Special Agent Finlay. The special section of British Intelligence for which Winthrop works is the Diogenes Club, which is now but one section of the larger British Secret Service; the Club's investigations are almost exclusively devoted to the occult and supernatural forces which threaten the shores of Great Britain and her Allies. Also appearing in this case are a bevy of occult detectives: John Thunstone, Gregory George Gordon (aka "Gees"), Lucius Leffing, Dr. John Silence, Judge Keith Hilary Pursuivant, and a Frenchman (Jules de Grandin). Winthrop states that the Allies possess the Ark of the Covenant; however, his statement that the Knights Templar are still in possession of the Maltese Falcon is in error.
Chapter Three of Seven Stars by Kim Newman. Winthrop, Dieudonné, Finlay, Thunstone, Pursuivant, and de Grandin are already part of the Wold Newton Universe. This crossover brings occult detectives Gees, Leffing, and Dr. Silence into the Newtonverse. It also strongly cements the place of Indiana Jones in the Wold Newton Universe, with a reference to the events of Raiders of the Lost Ark. For more on the Maltese Falcon, please click here.
The story picks up again in May 1972 with Seven Stars Episode Four: The Biafrian Bank Manager, available on the Crossover Chronology, Part X.
May 1942-August 1945
ENEMY ACE: WAR IN HEAVEN
At the conclusion of his wartime service, Hans von Hammer surrenders to Sgt. Rock and Easy Company.
Mini-series from DC Comics, 2001, written by Garth Ennis with art by Chris Weston, Christian Alamy, and Russ Heath.
Late May 1942
THE SECRET THAT SAVED A WORLD
The Batman and The Unknown Soldier team up against Nazi spies operating in the U.S. who are seeking America's atomic secrets.
This story of a Golden Age Batman and Unknown Soldier is part of the same continuity in which a 1940s Batman worked with Sgt. Rock and Blackhawk, and is included on that basis. The Unknown Solder would be an Elseworlds version for the Wold Newton Universe and is not part of regular DC Universe continuity. Issue 146 of DC Comics' The Brave and the Bold, by Bob Haney, Romeo Tanghal and Frank McLaughlin.
SUPERMAN VS. WONDER WOMAN
Wonder Woman and Superman, in their battles against the Axis, find themselves on opposing sides of a moral and ethical conflict over the development of atomic weapons. President Roosevelt and Albert Einstein also appear in this wartime adventure.
DC Collector's Edition C-54, 1978, by Gerry Conway, Jose Luis Garcia-Lopez, and Dan Adkins. Although not a crossover in the sense that Superman and Wonder Woman can be found together in any number of DC Comics, this story has a "pulpy" feel that makes it worth including. The addition of Wonder Woman gives the Newtonverse some much-needed female representation. We may presume, as with other superhero additions, that this is a version of the Golden Age Wonder Woman, whose career ended with the war, or, at the latest, in the early 1950s. See also Marvelous, Fantastic Tales in the Wold Newton Universe.
1942 - The events of the film The Mummy's Ghost. MONSTAAH scholar Chuck Loridans writes, "The Mummy's Tomb and The Mummy's Ghost take place in Mapleton, Massachusetts. I think this is a code name for Arkham. The High Priest of Karnak (The Mummy's Tomb) suddenly changes to the High Priest at the Temple of Arkam (The Mummy's Ghost). Additionally, there are many scenes which take place at a nearby university, which has a great Archaeological department. (Some have speculated that the town of Arkham was based on Oakham Mass.: OAKham, MAPLEton.)"
1942 - The Unknown Soldier is "born after a grenade blast hideously disfigures the face of a nameless young grunt." A weapons expert and master of disguise, the Unknown Soldier -- so-named because his face remained hidden behind layers of bandages -- was the army's ultimate weapon. A covert operative who would routinely sneak behind enemy lines and infiltrate the enemies camp, the Unknown Soldier was even capable of gaining access to Hitler's inner circle. (DC Comics' Star Spangled War Stories.)
TARZAN AND CARSON OF VENUS: THE LOVEKING
Tarzan is drawn through a space portal to Amtor (Venus) where he meets Carson Napier.
Comics mini-series published by Dark Horse Comics. See also Alternate Universes.
November 2, 1942 - April Dancer is born in Maine (The Birds of a Feather Affair).
November 1942 - John Paul Clayton, biological son of Tarzan, marries Alice Horatia, the daughter of Sir Holmes Rochester (see Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre) and Alice Gridley, a descendant of Admiral Viscount Horatio Hornblower.
THE PURPLE ZOMBIE
Cole Wilson, a member of The Avenger's Justice Inc. crime-fighting organization, mentions that Lamont Cranston (the identity often used by The Shadow) is a casual acquaintance; in fact, Cranston (most likely really The Shadow posing as Cranston) is briefly glimpsed at a Hollywood party. Norgil the Magician is also mentioned.
DR. TIME
Algernon Heathcote "Smitty" Smith, another Justice Inc. member, mentions his inventor friend, Click Rush.
These are two novels continuing the adventures of The Avenger, written by Ron Goulart under the traditional pen name Kenneth Robeson, published by Warner Books in the 1970s. Again confirms that The Avenger and The Shadow are in the same universe, while bringing Shadow writer Walter Gibson's Norgil the Magician and Doc Savage writer Lester Dent's Click Rush, The Gadget Man, into the Wold Newton Universe.
BLACK CHARIOTS
Norgil the Magician is again mentioned.
Another Avenger novel, written by Ron Goulart, confirming Norgil in the Newtonverse.
1943 - Birth of Ralph O'Brian, son of Eel (Plastic Man) O'Brian (more info here).
1943 - John Thunstone's first recorded case, The Third Cry of Legba, as told by Manly Wade Wellman (although Thunstone did appear one year earlier in The Trouble with Barrymore).
THE MAGIC DRUMS OF THE SHONOKINS
The Shonokins are described as a native American people who pre-date the American Indians. However, The Spirit reveals that the "magic drums" turn out to be a phony cover for a murder plot.
The October 17, 1943 installment of The Spirit. It is doubtful that the con-man in the story is a true descendant of the Shonokins, but that does not prevent the Shonokins from being an historical ancient people. This story had to be written by Manly Wade Wellman, who was a Spirit writer while Will Eisner was away serving in World War II. Pulp expert Rick Lai notes that, "They [Shonokins] are humanoids with cat-like eyes, and their longest finger is the index finger. They are worshippers of demonic horned gods. The Shonokins can't stand to be near the corpse of any of their race. They fought mainly John Thunstone, but Silver John (aka John the Balladeer) tangled with them once in Wellman's After Dark. There is a non-series story by Wellman in which the Shonokins are identified as relatives of a shorter race called the Pineys. Both the Shonokins and the Pineys lived in North America before the American Indians."
1943 - Events of The Mummy's Curse. MONSTAAH scholar Chuck Loridans again contributes, "The descent into a Massachusetts swamp in The Mummy's Ghost, and the ascent from the swamp in Louisiana in The Mummy's Curse can either be explained as fictional, and it really takes place in Mapleton (Arkham); and there just happens to be a Cajun quarter, in that town.... Or my favorite idea: There is a portal in the swamps from Massachusetts to Louisiana. I like to think of the Louisiana swamp as being in Bonaport. As far as a date for The Mummy's Curse, the twenty years later reference must be ignored."
THE GLASS MAN
An Avenger novel, written by Ron Goulart, confirming Norgil in the Newtonverse.
DEMON ISLAND
There is a reference to the occult text, the Necronomicon. Cole Wilson also states that he learned a lot about the fine art of detection from his friend, Nick Carter.
The final Avenger novel by Kenneth Robeson (Ron Goulart), Warner Books, 1975. The Necronomicon is from H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. This reference ties the Mythos to Richard Henry Benson, The Avenger. For various takes on Nick Carter in the Wold Newton Universe, please visit here, here, here, and here.
Early June 1944
THE ANGEL, THE ROCK, AND THE COWL
Batman covertly assists Sgt. Rock and Easy Company on a mission in France, one day before D-Day. Batman actually meets Rock in his Bruce Wayne identity, but Wayne is posing as secret agent "Jack Pimpernel." Winston Churchill also appears.
Issue 84 of DC Comics' The Brave and the Bold, by Bob Haney and Neal Adams. Elseworlds versions of Rock and Easy Company are already a part of the Wold Newton Universe through their appearance in Batman and Captain America. This story is part of a continuity in which Bruce Wayne / Batman was active in WW II, working with Sgt. Rock, The Unknown Soldier, Blackhawk, and Captain America.
THE GREEN GOD'S RING
Jules de Grandin consults John Thunstone's The Darkness Out of the East for information about the Hindu god Siva.
Story by Seabury Quinn in Weird Tales, January 1945, connecting Jules de Grandin and Manly Wade Wellman's John Thunstone. For more information see The Jules de Grandin Chronology by Rick Lai and Matthew Baugh.
ICE STATION ALPHA
The Batman and Blackhawk go up against a desperate Nazi plot. A Hidalgo Trading Company warehouse is also seen in Gotham City.
Since an Elseworlds version of Blackhawk is in the Newtonverse by virtue of the Batman and Captain America crossover, this story can also be included. Although the main Hidalgo Trading Company warehouse was in New York City, it is clear that Doc Savage also kept a smaller auxiliary warehouse in nearby Gotham City. Issue 167 of DC Comics' The Brave and the Bold, by Marv Wolfman, Dave Cockrum and Dan Adkins.
OPERATION: TIME BOMB
The Batman again works with Sgt. Rock and Easy Company behind the lines in Western France.
Issue 162 of DC Comics' The Brave and the Bold, by Bill Kelley and Jim Aparo. The Newtonverse versions of Rock and Easy Company would go on to meet Captain America in Batman and Captain America. In this story Rock actually knows The Batman, even though in their last recorded adventure, The Angel, the Rock, and the Cowl, Rock only met Batman in his "Jack Pimpernel" identity. It is possible that an unrecorded Batman / Rock adventure occurred between these two stories, in which Rock learned that "Jack Pimpernel" was Batman.
LORDS OF THE GHOSTLANDS
Jules de Grandin calls John Thunstone in New York for help, but discovers that his fellow occult detective has been called away from New York.
Story by Seabury Quinn in Weird Tales, March 1945.
BATMAN AND CAPTAIN AMERICA
The Batman and Captain America join forces in this World War II adventure, ably assisted by their trusty sidekicks Robin and Bucky, against their arch-rivals, the Joker and the Red Skull. Also appearing are Sgt. Rock and the men of Easy Company, as well as a version of the War Wheel seen in Blackhawk.
This is an "Elseworlds" graphic novel by John Byrne, jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics. An Elseworlds version of Captain America does exist in the Wold Newton Universe, (see Sting of the Green Hornet, 1942), as well as an Elseworlds version of The Batman (see Batman and Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-Woman, 1939). Note also the appearance of a middle-aged and retired Bruce Wayne along with many other graying pulp characters in the Prince Zarkon books (see Invisible Death, 1970). This crossover introduces Elseworlds versions of Sgt. Rock and Blackhawk to the Newtonverse. See also Alternate Universes and the crossover rules for superheroes.
February 15, 1945 - Jon Moses Sable is born.
1945 - Captain America (Steve Rogers) is thrown into suspended animation in the North Atlantic. Death of Bucky Barnes.
1945 - Birth of Mack Bolan, son of Richard Wentworth (The Spider) and Nita van Sloan.
1945 - Lancaster Sneed (Shockwave), nephew of Sir Denis Nayland Smith and great-nephew of Sherlock Holmes, is born.
THE WEDDING OF THE PHANTOM
Marriage of the 20th Phantom and Diana Palmer. Many luminaries are present at the ceremony, including Mandrake the Magician.
Although this event was not documented by Phantom biographer Lee Falk until the 1970s (the strip ran from October 30, 1977 to February 5, 1978), it actually took place much earlier. The exact date is conjectural.
THE DAI SWORD
John Thunstone first uses the silver sword cane which Judge Pursuivant has given him, and which is an exact duplicate of the judge's own blade.
Since Judge Pursuivant is in The Newtonverse, so is John Thunstone, another Manly Wade Wellman character. The story appeared in Weird Tales, July 1945.
TWICE CURSED
John Thunstone battles the Shonokins with the aid of two brothers named Jackson Warren. One of them will later aid Silver John in his own struggle with the Shonokins.
This story connects to a third Manly Wade Wellman character, Silver John. It appeared in Weird Tales, March 1946. For more on Thunstone and Silver John, please read Matthew Baugh's Occult Detectives in the Wold Newton Universe.
HOUSE OF DRACULA
The Wolf Man, the Frankenstein Monster and Count Dracula are all together again.
Feature film, Universal. For a full account of Dracula, and of the various Talbots and Frankensteins, please read Mark Brown's The House of Frankenstein and Chuck Loridans' Children of the Night.
THE MAN IN CRESCENT TERRACE
Jules de Grandin mentions that his adversary, Grafton Loftus, was once an associate of Rowley Thorne, the archenemy of John Thunstone. De Grandin also calls Manly Wade Wellman on the telephone to discuss Egyptian magic.
TARZAN VS. PREDATOR AT THE EARTH'S CORE
Tarzan and Jane travel to Pellucidar and meet Jason Gridley, David Innes, and Abner Perry, at the same time battling against the alien hunters called Predators. Edgar Rice Burroughs is also briefly seen.
Comics mini-series published by Dark Horse Comics. As with Superman, Batman, and Captain America, the Predators that Tarzan encountered must be "Elseworlds" Predators, due to the fact that Predator has been crossed-over with characters from many other diverse comics universes. Burroughs, of course, is the Newtonverse version of Burroughs, who was John Carter's nephew.
Late 1945 - Following the events of Tarzan vs. Predator at the Earth's Core, Jason Gridley and his bride Jana depart Pellucidar with Tarzan and Jane. Gridley returns to Tarzana, California, and establishes the Gridley Research Foundation, a scientific research and development group (conjecture based on Tarzan on Mars).
BATMAN AND ROBIN IN SCOTLAND YARD!
Batman, Robin, and Alfred travel to London to combat the crimes of Professor Moriarty!
Detective Comics number 110, April 1946. Story by Don Cameron and art by Win Mortimer. The Moriarty featured here is not the Professor who originally fought Sherlock Holmes, but rather a namesake who is copying the original's misdeeds. While some characters in the story refer to Holmes and Watson as fictional, Alfred may actually have the best information: "To Alfred, Sherlock Holmes was more than a fictional character -- he was a real person...."
Furthermore, Moriarty's statement here that "There was never any Sherlock Holmes except in Conan Doyle's brain!" is belied by the statement that this Moriarty "...changes the crimes of the fictional Moriarty just enough so it's no good studying the Holmes stories." The problem with this latter statement is that Moriarty's crimes were never outlined in any detail in Doyle's stories; there's nothing to study in the original Holmes stories, nothing upon which to base a new set of crimes. The logical conclusion is that the original Moriarty was real, and the new Moriarty seen here is basing his crimes upon real crimes committed by the original. Any statements otherwise have been added to promote the idea that Holmes was fictional.
The Moriarty seen here is probably the son of Dominick (Medina) Moriarty and the father of Edgar Moriarty (see The Malevolent Moriartys), whom Batman's son, Bruce Wayne, Jr., would confront in 1986.
Late 1945 - Birth of Jean Rogers, daughter of Steve Rogers.
1946 - Lew Archer becomes a detective after returning from WW II, in a series of books by Ross Macdonald. Archer is the grandson of Professor Challenger.
1946 - Births of Kit and Heloise Walker, the twin children of the 20th Phantom and Diana Palmer.
TARZAN AND JOHN CARTER: WARLORDS OF MARS
Tarzan is transported to Barsoom and meets John Carter.
1946 - The United Network for Law and Enforcement (U.N.C.L.E.) is founded at the same time as the United Nations, funded by member countries to operate as a global security force to counter the forces of THRUSH. Alexander Waverly is recruited from Department Z (Zed) to serve as Number One, Section One (Policy and Operations) (The Dagger Affair, The Rainbow Affair).
1946 - Birth of John Lawrence Talbot, son of Lawrence Stewart Talbot and Miliza Morelle (click here for more information).
THAT HIDEOUS STRENGTH
In the final volume of Dr. Elwin Ransom's adventures, it is revealed that Merlin's art is something older and different than the Renaissance magic of Prospero and others: "Something brought to Western Europe after the fall of Numinor and going back to an era in which the general relations of mind and matter on this planet had been other than those we know." Furthermore, it is told that there is an uninterrupted line of Pendragons from the time of King Arthur, and that Dr. Ransom is the 79th Pendragon.
Novel by C.S. Lewis, the final part of the Space Trilogy (initial volumes are Out of the Silent Planet and Perelandra), which is already in the Wold Newton Universe through other connections. That Hideous Strength takes place vaguely "after the war." The reference to Numenor (spelled "Numinor" by Lewis) from J.R.R. Tolkien's The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings is an allusion to a real, historical place, thus placing Middle-earth and environs somewhere in the distant prehistory of the Wold Newton Universe. C. Richard Davies addresses this very topic in his A Prehistoric Timeline of the Wold Newton Universe. Jean-Marc Lofficier's From Cyrano to Jean-Luc Picard also takes a look at Lewis' Space Trilogy.
1946 - Paul Janus Finnegan, great nephew of Phileas Fogg, is drawn into a series of strange adventures in the "Pocket Universes," where he is known as Kickaha, as told in the The World of Tiers series by Philip José Farmer. Wold Newton scholar Mark Brown adds: "In The Lavalite World, Farmer is discussing Kickaha's family background in chapter 8. I quote: 'Philea Jane Fogg-Fog was born in 1880. In 1900 she married an English physician, Doctor Reginald Syn. He died in 1910 under mysterious circumstances, leaving no children.'" This passage confirms the place of Reginald Syn's ancestor, Dr. Christopher Syn, in the Newtonverse. Additionally, Wold Newton researcher Christopher Carey was able to contact Mr. Farmer regarding a discrepancy concerning the Kickaha genealogy. In Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, Mr. Farmer shows that Phileas Fogg is Kickaha's great-uncle. In The Lavalite World, he states that Phileas Fogg is Kickaha's great-grandfather. Mr. Farmer has resolved the discrepancy by saying that the genealogy given in Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life is the correct one.
December 1946 - Clive Reston, the son of James Bond and "Shrinking" Violet (Holmes) Beauregard, is born. Reston is the grandson of Mycroft Holmes and thus the great-nephew of Sherlock Holmes.
TARZAN IN CASPAK
Tarzan travels to Caspak, the "Land That Time Forgot." Tarzan also mentions Shangri-La.
A graphic novel by Russ Manning published by Dark Horse comics, incorporating two stories, Tarzan in the Land That Time Forgot and The Pool of Time. The date is conjecture, but is based on Farmer's chronology and the fact that the daughter of characters from the original trilogy, which took place in 1916, is featured in these stories. The original Caspak trilogy, by Edgar Rice Burroughs, consisted of The Land That Time Forgot, The People That Time Forgot and Out of Time's Abyss. Shangri-La is from James Hilton's Lost Horizon; based on Tarzan's familiarity with that place, it must be in the Newtonverse.
1947 - The events of Greg Bear's Dinosaur Summer, a sequel to Doyle's Professor Challenger adventure, The Lost World.
July 1947 - An alien craft from the future, bearing three Ferengi and one shape-shifting Changeling, crashes in Roswell, New Mexico (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode Little Green Men). The U.S. military establishes contact, but the aliens soon escape, and the government denies all reports of extra-terrestrial life. However, the chronitogravimetric disturbances in subspace caused by the arrival and departure of the Ferengi shuttle draw the unwelcome attention of unnamed "grey" alien observers. Although these "grey" aliens have already been secretly visiting Earth for some time, when they come to Earth to investigate the chronitogravimetric disturbance, they are drawn into it and also crash near Roswell. This represents the first contact between the "grey" alien colonists and the government, setting in motion the 50+ year-long events of international plots, denials, and cover-ups depicted in the "Conspiracy" episodes of The X-Files.
TARZAN: THE SAVAGE HEART / TALES OF PELLUCIDAR
Tarzan encounters Tyrell Whatley, the son of the late Earl of Whimsey. Thinking Jane dead, Tarzan leaves civilization forever and goes to live in Pellucidar. At the conclusion, Tarzan realizes Jane is alive, but has further adventures in Pellucidar.
This comics mini-series written by Allan Gross, and published by Dark Horse Comics, takes place after Tarzan vs. Predator at the Earth's Core. Tales of Pellucidar is found in Dark Horse Presents number 143. Whatley is most likely a cousin of Lord Peter Wimsey (click here for more information).
TARZAN ON MARS
Tarzan, Jane, La of Opar, the Oparian High Priest Cadj, Nkima the monkey, Jason Gridley, John Carter, Carthoris, Tars Tarkas, Kar Komak, and Vad Varo (Ulysses Paxton) all appear in this sweeping epic novel of religious reform on Mars, otherwise known as Barsoom.
Unpublished novel by John Bloodstone (pseudonym for Stuart J. Byrne), 1956. The Oparian High Priest Cadj, must be the son of the first Cadj, who was killed in Tarzan and the Golden Lion. Further, the Zithad (Dator of the Temple of Issus) that was killed by John Carter in Llana of Gathol was either the son of the Zithad who appeared in The Gods of Mars, or else the Zithad in Tarzan On Mars is the son of the original. That John Carter does not recognize Tarzan from their previous encounter (Tarzan and John Carter: Warlords of Mars) is the result of Bloodstone's fictionalization of these events; as is demonstrated below, the author also changed some dates in order to encourage the belief that this story was pure fiction.
Tarzan On Mars cannot take place from 1939-1946 as implied in the book. There are only brief wartime references, which can be discounted by Bloodstone's fictionalization in order to conceal real events, just as Burroughs did so often. So Jane and La did not disappear in 1939 and Tarzan did not wait until the end of World War II to go after them. (Jane appears in too many stories between 1939 and 1946 for this to be true: Tarzan and Carson of Venus: The Love King (1942); Legion of Hate ('43); The Lost Adventure ('45); Tarzan vs. Predator at Earth's Core (late '45); Tarzan and John Carter: Warlords of Mars (early '46; incidentally, this exploit will stand as Tarzan's first trip to Barsoom); Tarzan's Jungle Fury ('47).) Therefore, this beginning of this adventure has been more accurately placed in 1948, after the events of The Savage Heart.
Just after Tarzan rescues Jane in The Savage Heart (early '48), they return to Africa from Pellucidar. Jane and La get transported to Mars, as described in Tarzan On Mars. Tarzan actually spends several years searching for Jane, to no avail, although he knows her disappearance is connected with the object, the Great Star of Issus. He finally encounters Jason Gridley once more, who introduces him to John Carter's nephew, Jules Carter. At last it becomes clear to Tarzan that Jane has been somehow transported to Barsoom.
It is now 1952. Tarzan, who cannot teleport back and forth between Barsoom at will like John Carter (see The Chessmen of Mars), cannot recreate his earlier teleport to Mars (see Tarzan and John Carter: Warlords of Mars). He enlists Jason Gridley's help to build a rocket. This takes over a year and he launches in late 1953. After over a year of travel in suspended animation (not to mention passing through a dimensional warp that carries Tarzan's rocket to Barsoom's dimension), Tarzan lands on Barsoom in 1955 and the remainder of the events described in the book ensue.
Toward the end of this epic, La is revealed as the true Martian goddess Issus. She is a really a white Martian woman. This is confirmed by the fact that the ancient form of the language spoken by the First Born of Barsoom is exactly the same as the secret ancient language of Opar. It is further confirmed by the fact that, soon after La finds her destined mate, Kar Komak, she, in the Martian fashion, lays an egg. (For more on La and her origins, please read La, Immortal Priestess of Issus!)
In true Burroughsian tradition, the story ends with Jane being carried away by the evil-doers. One possible ending that the author discusses in the end note is that Tarzan rescues Jane and they enlist Carthoris' assistance in constructing a spaceship to return to Earth. I propose that while Carthoris busies himself with the spacecraft project, Tarzan is studying the secret of teleportation-at-will from John Carter and Carter's instructor, Kar Komak. Tarzan eventually succeeds and is able to transport himself and Jane back to Earth. (It is possible that the events of Tarzan at Mars' Core, as related by Edward Hirshman, follow Tarzan On Mars; however, as only 2,000 copies Tarzan at Mars' Core exist, the answer must await further research. In any event, Tarzan and Jane eventually end up back on Earth.)
Apparently La, also, at some point, is transported back to Earth, as Tarzan and Jane encounter her again in 1991 (see my Addendum to Chuck Loridans' The Daughters of Tarzan); perhaps she is sent back to her Oparian refuge on Earth in the wake of some further religious crisis on Barsoom.
ABBOTT AND COSTELLO MEET FRANKENSTEIN
The Wolf Man (Lawrence Stewart Talbot) pursues Count Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster to La Mirada, Florida. An Invisible Man also briefly appears, as do, of course, the two bumblers.
Universal Pictures, 1948. The Wolf Man is in the Newtonverse through a connection to the Cthulhu Mythos (Only the End of the World Again). For a full explanation of the history of the various Frankenstein Monsters, see Mark Brown's The House of Frankenstein. For the history of Dracula and his various "soul clones," as well as the history of the Talbot family (the Wolf Men), see Chuck Loridans' Children of the Night. The Invisible Man appearing at the end of the film is most likely Geoffrey Radcliffe (The Invisible Man Returns); for an explanation of his presence in La Mirada, Florida at this time, please read Dennis Power's article The Invisibles. This time the two bumblers are using the names Chick Young and Wilbur Grey.
RETURN OF THE WOLFMAN: Prologue
In the aftermath of the events of Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein, both the Wolf Man (Lawrence Stewart Talbot) and one of the Frankenstein Monsters enter a half-century slumber in La Mirada, Florida.
Novel by Jeff Rovin, Berkely Boulevard Books, 1998. The Frankenstein Monster here is the creation of Dr. Henry Frankenstein, and is not to be confused with the original created by Dr. Victor Frankenstein. Please read Mark Brown's The House of Frankenstein and Chuck Loridans' follow-up, Children of the Night, for a complete history of the Frankenstein Monsters, Dracula, and the Wolf Man in the Wold Newton Universe.
SIR HAROLD AND THE GNOME KING
Harold Shea, a professor of psychology at the Garaden Institute in Garaden, Ohio, uses his syllogismobile to travel about the multiverse. In this adventure, he visits an alternate Land of Oz.
By L. Sprague de Camp, Wildside Press, 1991. Sherlock Holmes also visited Oz once, but this isn't the Oz to which Holmes went. Perhaps it is the Oz described in Philip José Farmer's A Barnstormer in Oz, which Dennis Power has written extensively about in Ozdyssey. The crossover story is mentioned here because Harold Shea is conclusively in the Wold Newton Universe (see entry for Sir Harold of Zodanga).
1948 - The events of Young Frankenstein (please read Mark Brown's The House of Frankenstein for more information).
1948 - Marriage of Pat Savage and Rex Hazzard.
1948 - Clark Kent marries Lois Lane.
1949 - Doc Savage secretly marries Mayan Princess Monja F'Teema.
THE WHISPERING EYES
Clyde Burke, reporter and agent of The Shadow, passes an old New York house, dating from the 1890s or earlier. The house is identified as "the home of a celebrated detective named Nick Carter, the horse-and-buggy crime doctor of his day."
The final issue of the pulp novel series, The Shadow, written by Walter Gibson (aka "Maxwell Grant"). If there was any doubt, this reference confirms the presence of Nick Carter in the Newtonverse. For more on Nick Carter, please read Dennis Power's Little Big Men: Crabbs and Carters and The Mysterious Case of the Carters by Todd Rutt and Arn McConnell. An alternate genealogy is presented in Jess Nevins' The Carters of Virginia: A Tragedy.
BELOW SUSPICION
Dr. Gideon Fell works with barrister Patrick Butler to solve this case.
Novel by John Dickson Carr.
1949 - Birth of Joel Kent, son of Clark Kent and Lois Lane.
June 1949 - Lee Allyn's first adventure as Captain Zero, in City of Deadly Sleep, by G.T. Fleming Roberts.
1949 - Birth of Rex Hazzard, Jr., son of Captain Rex Hazzard and Pat Savage.
1949 - The Batman returns to solo crime-fighting, as Dick Grayson departs Gotham City for college and, eventually, law school.
ABBOTT AND COSTELLO MEET THE INVISIBLE MAN
The Invisible Man in this case is Tommy Nelson, a boxer on the run from the law after being framed for murder. He uses the invisibility formula concocted by Dr. Philip Gray, who got the formula from Dr. Jack Griffin. The two bumblers, this time using the identities of private detectives, Lou Francis and Bud Alexander, try to assist Tommy, but of course get in the way.
Universal Pictures, 1951. The two bumblers, using a series of different names and aliases, have also been involved in various other events in the Wold Newton Universe. The Dr. Griffin referred to is Dr. John "Jack" Hawley Griffin, the original Invisible Man. Please read Dennis Power's article, The Invisibles, for more information.
1949 - Fearing underworld reprisals against his family, Eel O'Brian retires as Plastic Man. He changes his last name to Dibny and quietly disappears along with his wife and young son Ralph.
1950 - James Bond is assigned to the Double-O section of the British Secret Service and granted a "license to kill."
LE GENTLEMAN EN NOIR
A very elderly Sherlock Holmes (here called "Aldock Hermès") investigates the possible return of Arsène Lupin (the "Gentleman in Black").
A case chronicled by Claude Ferry. For more information see the excellent The Arsène Lupin Timeline by André-François Ruaud.
May 5, 1950 - Kinsey Millhone, daughter of Lew Archer and Rita Millhone, is born in Santa Teresa, California.
May 1950 - Birth of Clark Savage III, son of Doc Savage and Princess Monja.
CURSE OF THE BLACK PHARAOH
Dr. Anton Zarnak has a copy of Abraham Van Helsing's book, The Vampire in Transylvania, on his shelf. The villain of the story is called Khotep.
By Lin Carter, The Nyarlothotep Cycle, 1997. The Van Helsing book solidifies Zarnak's link to Dracula. Khotep seems to be the same as Nephren-Ka from Lovecraft's Haunter of the Dark. The same character is called Kephren in Lovecraft's Imprisoned with the Pharaohs (a.k.a. Beneath the Pyramids) and Khephren in Richard Tierney's Treasure of Horemkhu. Therefore, Zarnak is linked with the heroes of these stories, Harry Houdini and Simon of Gitta. For more on Zarnak, please read Matthew Baugh's Occult Detectives in the Wold Newton Universe.
1950 - Bruce Wayne marries Selina Kyle, the former, and reformed, Catwoman.
1950 - Birth of Kent Lane, son of Kent Allard (The Shadow) and Margo Lane.
1950 - Buckaroo Banzai is born in London, the son of two scientists, Masado Banzai and Sandra Willoughby.
COMBINED FORCES: Being the Latter Day Adventures of Major-General Sir Richard Hannay, Captain Hugh "Bulldog" Drummond, and Berry and Co.
A group of aging British clubland heroes combine forces for one last great adventure, including Richard Hannay, Bulldog Drummond, Berry Pleydell and his wife/cousin Daphne; Daphne's brother Boy Pleydell; and Jonathan (Jonah) Mansel. Irma Peterson, the niece/wife of Bulldog Drummond's arch-nemesis Carl Peterson, also plays the villainess here. It is also revealed that Hannay's son, Peter John Hannay, is an ornithologist with NATO. Many supporting characters from the three series also appear. Also mentioned or appearing: Edward Leithen; Horatio Hornblower; the Clubfoot (aka Dr. Grundt); and Dickson McCunn.
Novel by Jack Smithers, published by Buchan & Enright, London, 1983. John Buchan's Richard Hannay and H.C. "Sapper" McNeile's Bulldog Drummond appear, as well as all the major characters of Dornford Yates' Berry & Co. books. One of these characters, Jonah Mansel, also appeared a lot in Yates' other major series, the Chandos series, which means these books, featuring Richard (William) Chandos would also come in. (See Brad Mengel's The Daring Drummonds for some genealogical information on Chandos and Pleydell.) The whole premise is that these heroes are getting a bit long in the tooth and they want one last adventure. Hugh is portrayed as being in his early '60s, but still vigorous, but Hugh's wife, Phyllis, is suffering from arthritis and doesn't get around much, and consequently has "gone to fat." This would seem to put a wrench in my theory, first expressed in The Malevolent Moriartys, that Hugh and Phyllis have access to anti-aging pills through Hugh's biological brother, John "Korak" Drummond.
The options are that: (1) Hugh and Phyllis have the pills, but are disguising their age, thus making this account a fictionalization with regards to Drummond's age; or (2) we accept this portrayal of the aging heroes as fact, thus making Hugh Drummond, Jr., the character seen in Deadlier Than the Male and Some Girls Do, as well as Horror Wears Blue. While I am still following number (1) as my working theory (despite the portrayal of Hugh and Phyllis in this adventure, I believe Hugh would jump at the chance to regain his youth), I do believe that the swinging sixties Drummond portrayed in Deadlier Than the Male is Hugh Jr.
For the proposition that Irma was the niece, rather than the daughter, of Carl Peterson, please read Rick Lai's A Brief Biography of Dr. Caber.
Regarding the dating of this novel, Beria is still head of the Soviet NKVD (died Christmas 1953), Farouk is still King of Egypt (ousted 1952), and Attlee is still Prime Minister of Great Britain (left office April 1951). Based on this, I selected an early 1951 date (the dust jacket says it takes place in the 1950s). This works well since Carl Peterson is still thought dead in this novel; he returned in Gerard Fairlie's The Return of the Black Gang (1954).
Other characters: Sir Edward Leithen first appeared in Buchan's The Power-House; Dickson McCunn also appeared in a series of books by Buchan; Hornblower and descendants are already incorporated into the Wold Newton Universe; the Clubfoot (aka Dr. Grundt) seems to be the same person as Stumm from Buchan's Hannay novel Greenmantle, although this is not confirmed. Also mentioned are real historical figures Dennis Wheatley, an adventure, science-fiction, and fantasy author; and Compton MacKenzie, a journalist and novelist.
SIR HAROLD OF ZODANGA
Harold Shea and his wife, Blephebe, voyage to Barsoom in search of their kidnapped daughter, Voglinda. John Carter, Ulysses Paxton (aka Vad Varo), and Jason Gridley are all mentioned as coming from the same world as Shea.
Short novella by L. Sprague de Camp in The Exotic Enchanter, Baen Books, 1995. Barsoom, the adopted home planet of the Newtonverse's John Carter, exists in the E.R. Burroughs Alternate Universe. Since Carter came from Earth in the Wold Newton Universe, and Gridley exists there, so does Shea. Shea's adventures began around 1938, when he was a doctoral student. By the time of this story, he is a doctor of psychology, is married, and has a three-year-old daughter. However, there are modern references which might cause one to place this story near the time of its writing, the mid 1990s. I have chosen to ignore the more modern references as literary license and place this adventure, and the previously listed one, in a time-frame near the last original adventures written by de Camp and Fletcher Pratt, as complied in The Complete Compleat Enchanter.
THE LAST GRAVE OF LILL WARREN
John Thunstone writes a letter to his old friend, Jules de Grandin, detailing this adventure.
This story by Manly Wade Wellman further cements the connection between de Grandin and John Thunstone. Weird Tales, May 1951.
1951 - Birth of Bruce Wayne, Jr., who will become the second Robin, and later serve as the third Batman.
June-July 1951 - James Bond's first recorded adventure by his friend Ian Fleming, Casino Royale. Bond goes on to a long career in the Secret Service, as documented by Fleming, Kingsley Amis, John Pearson, John Gardner and Raymond Benson.
1952 - Shang Chi is born. He is the son of Dr. Fu Manchu and an unnamed American woman scientifically chosen to bear him. His name roughly translates as "the rising and advancing of the spirit."
GHOST OF THE KILLER SKIES
On the Spain location of a film he is funding, Bruce Wayne, as The Batman, foils the insane and murderous plot of Heinrich Franz, a descendant of the "Enemy Ace," Hans von Hammer.
Detective Comics number 404, by Denny O'Neil, Neal Adams, and Dick Giordano. Hans von Hammer was featured in the adventure Guns of the Dragon.
WHO KNOWS WHAT EVIL--?
The Shadow and Batman are involved in an investigation into a band of counterfeiters that leads Batman to the small town of Tumbleweed Crossing, Arizona. At the end of the tale, Batman acknowledges that The Shadow has been one of his inspirations, and The Shadow replies that he had been watching Batman's career and has been impressed.
Issue 253 of Batman (by Denny O'Neil, Irv Novick, and Dick Giordano) brings The Shadow back to the West, albeit briefly, from his exile in Shambala. The 1953 date is derived by subtracting six months from The Shadow and Batman's next meeting in 1954.
THE NIGHT OF THE SHADOW
Batman (Bruce Wayne) and The Shadow deal with an escaped convict that The Shadow captured years before, when Bruce was a young boy.
Batman issue 259 by Denny O'Neil, Irv Novick, and Dick Giordano. From Commissioner James Gordon's statement that he started on the Gotham police force thirty years ago (which, according to Mark Brown's researches in The Magnificent Gordons, was in 1924), we can place this tale in 1954. There is a reference to a quarter-century ago for the murder of Bruce's parents, with the young Bruce/Shadow meeting taking place "some time" before that. Since The Shadow first went active in 1929, I have placed the young Bruce/Shadow incident in that year, with the murder of Thomas and Martha Wayne shortly thereafter.
ABBOTT AND COSTELLO MEET THE MUMMY
In Egypt, the two bumblers are involved in a series of adventures concerning the mummy Klaris, the cousin of Kharis.
Universal Pictures, 1955. This time, according to the film credits, the two bumblers are using the names Peter Patterson and Freddie Franklin, although they continue to refer to each other as Bud and Lou.
1954 - Birth of Dawn Drummond-Clayton, daughter of John Armand Drummond-Clayton and Hazel Tennington, and granddaughter of John "Korak" Drummond-Clayton.
1954 - The monster Gojira attacks Tokyo, leaving 180,000 dead and necessitating a decade of rebuilding. American journalist Stephen Martin mistranslates the monster's name as "Godzilla" and the name is adopted worldwide. Godzilla will not appear again until the late 1990s.
1954 - The events of Creature from the Black Lagoon (click here for more information).
1954 - In a post-script to The Angel, the Rock, and the Cowl, Bruce Wayne nabs the Nazi villain, Von Stauffen, who escaped at the end of the adventure back in 1944. Sgt. Rock also lends a helping hand to Wayne, whom Rock recognizes as "Jack Pimpernel." However, in their next meeting, the 1955 tale The Striped Pants War, Rock recognizes Wayne as Wayne.
1955 - Events of Revenge of the Creature (click here for more information).
THE STRIPED PANTS WAR
The Batman and Sgt. Rock versus terrorists in South America.
DC Comics' The Brave & The Bold, issue 96, by Bob Haney and Nick Cardy. Since, in this tale, Sgt. Rock greets Wayne as Wayne and not as "Jack Pimpernel," the only explanation is that Wayne and Rock met again after capturing Von Stauffen in Gotham City, and Wayne explained the Wayne/"Pimpernel" identity to Rock. However, since Rock must know that "Jack Pimpernel" is The Batman (see Operation: Time Bomb), he must also know that The Batman is Bruce Wayne. But.... he doesn't. On the other hand, when the mission is over, Rock tells Wayne that it was a success, "Thanks to you and the Bat-Guy." Since Wayne didn't really do anything, perhaps Rock is slyly indicating that he really does know that Wayne and The Batman are one.
END OF PART VIII
THE WOLD NEWTON UNIVERSE CROSSOVER CHRONOLOGY, PART IX
The Wold Newton Universe Crossover Chronology was created for the sole purposes of entertainment and information.
All rights reserved. The text and design of this page are © 1997-2004 by the author, Win Eckert. No copying or reproduction of this article or any portions thereof in any form whatsoever is permitted without prior written permission and consent of the author.
(This means that if you want to post your own version of Wold Newton continuity and wish to post the text of this Chronology, in whole or in part, as a basis for your version of the continuity, you are legally obligated to ask my permission first.)
The author claims no interest in nor ownership of any images used in the creation of this site, with the exception of the Wold Newton banner, which is © 2000-2004 by Lisa Eckert.


text:
E-Tribe (Hangul: ) is a South Korean record artist and music duo consisting of Ahn Myung-won and Kim Young-deuk.  They are most known for producing "Gee" by Girls' Generation, "U-Go-Girl" by Lee Hyo-ri, "Yayaya" by T-ara, "It's You" by Super Junior, and "I Know" by Se7en.  Due to the consistent success of these singles, the duo has become well accepted and known in the South Korean music scene.

In January 2011, Happy Face Entertainment debuted their own girl group, Dal Shabet.  Their debut song, "Supa Dupa Diva", produced by E-Tribe was released on January 3, 2011.  The duo has also produced a number of their comeback tracks, including "Pink Rocket", "Bling Bling", "Hit U" and "Mr. Bang Bang".

Since late 2011 only Ahn Myung-won uses the name E-tribe. In 2012 he founded Elephant Entertainment. An entertainment company with various artists and is the CEO of that company.

Members

Ahn Myung-won
 Born on January 30, 1978
 CEO of Elephant Entertainment

Former Members

Kim Young-deuk
 Also known as E.D.
 Born on January 20, 1977, in Daejeon City
 Music professor at Daekyeung University since 2013

Credits
Below is a list of works produced and composed by E-Tribe in chronological order. Listed by year and date [MM/DD].

2006
 [02/01] "Slave" (노예) for Lee Hyori
 [03/08] "I Know" (난 알아요) for Se7en

2007
 [06/14] "Girl Like That" for Son Dam Bi

2008
 [03/12] "Let's Get It Party" for Gummy
 [04/08] "4th Hitter" (4번타자) for Honey Boys
 [07/01] "Kiss Me (Feat. Ymga)" for Uhm Jung-hwa
 [07/14] "U-Go-Girl" for Lee Hyo-ri
 [07/14] "P. P. P (Punky Punky Party) (With Nassun)" for Lee Hyo-ri
 [10/01] "It's Okay" (괜찮아) for Nassun
 [10/01] "S.W.E.E.T (Feat. Leo Kekoa)" for Nassun
 [10/01] "After Party (Feat. Sugar Flow)" for Nassun
 [11/27] "Yodel" for KARA

2009
 [01/07] "Gee" for Girls' Generation
 [02/18] "How" (어떻게) for Sori
 [02/26] "Say My Name (Feat. Gilme)" for Nassun
 [02/26] "come2play (Feat. Han Seung-yeon of Kara)" (놀러와) for Nassun
 [02/26] "For You (Feat. Kim Kyung Rok of V.O.S)" (바로 너)for Nassun
 [04/30] "I like choco ft. Nassun and Happyface" for Kim Jung-eun
 [05/14] "It's You" (너라고) for Super Junior
 [05/19] "Crazy" for Lee Jung Hyun
 [05/19] "2night (Feat. Bigtone & Sugar Flow)" for Lee Jung Hyun
 [07/10] "Cold Noodles" (냉면) for Jessica (Girls' Generation) & Park Myeong-su
 [08/25] "Rally" for Jewelry
 [09/17] "Confession" (告白) for Super Junior-M
 [09/17] "Love Is" (사랑이란) for Lee Seung-gi
 [10/29] "Rally Ver. 2" for Seo In-guk
 [11/19] "Mom" (엄마) for E-Tribe
 [11/19] "Mom (Acoustic guitar ver.)" (엄마) for E-Tribe

2010
 [01/28] "Star Star Star" (별별별) for Girls' Generation
 [01/28] "Be Happy" for Girls' Generation
 [03/22] "Star Star Star (Acoustic R&B ver)" (별별별) for Girls' Generation
 [04/16] "Outlaw in the Wild" (황야의 무법자) for Hyuna of 4minute & Nassun
 [04/30] "World Cup Chant" for "The Brotherhood"
 [06/08] "My Luv" for XCROSS
 [07/20] "Whale" (고래) for Nicole Jung of Kara & Park Myeong-su
 [08/26] "U" for 4MEN
 [09/03] "O-IWI-O" for Nassun & MBLAQ's GO. O-IWI-O is a response to Gee
 [10/11] "Blue Moon (Feat. Nassun)" for Sun Woo
 [10/21] "Eyes Nose Mouth (Feat. 4MEN)" (눈코입) for Sun Woo
 [12/02] "Yayaya" for T-ara
 [12/22] "What Are You Doing (4MEN. MIII)" (뭐하) for YWHO家

2011
 [01/04] "Dal Shabet" for Dal Shabet
 [01/04] "Supa Dupa Diva" for Dal Shabet
 [01/04] "Hottie" (매력덩어리) for Dal Shabet
 [01/04] "Bad Guy" (나쁜 남자) for Joo
 [01/05] "Honey Funny Bunny" for U-Know Yunho (TVXQ)
 [01/10] "Cry" for MBLAQ
 [01/26] "Then I can live" (그때난사는거야) for Haeri of Davichi
 [02/16] "Don't know" (잘몰라) for Park Daye
 [02/22] "Uppercut" for Insooni
 [03/08] "Angel" for Kim Hyung Jun
 [03/08] "oH! aH!" for Kim Hyung Jun
 [04/14] "Shakalaka" for Dal Shabet
 [04/14] "Don't move" (그대로 멈춰라) for Dal Shabet
 [04/14] "Pink Rocket" for Dal Shabet
 [05/17] "Shameless Lie" (뻔뻔한 거짓말) for Gayoon from Lie To Me OST
 [06/29] "Yayaya remix ver." for T-ara
 [08/11] "BEEP" for Dal Shabet
 [08/11] "Dream in U" for Dal Shabet
 [08/11] "Bling Bling" for Dal Shabet
 [11/01] "That Man, That Woman" (그남자 그여자) for 4men & MIIII
 [11/01] "That Woman" (그여자) for 4men & MIIII

2012
 [01/26] "Hit U" for Dal Shabet
 [01/26] "Hit U (Remix)" for Dal Shabet
 [01/26] "Dream in U (Remix)" for Dal Shabet
 [06/07] "Mr. Bang Bang" for Dal Shabet

2013
 [02/21] "One Hour Two Hours" (한 시간 두 시간) for MIII
 [08/20] "Why not" for History
 [11/06] "Hush" for miss A
 [11/06] "Hush (Party Ver.)" for miss A

2015
 [05/21] "Slow down" for History
 [07/31] "Pinocchio" for Insooni
 [11/02] "Cry & Blow" (울고 분다) for Joo (singer)

2016
 [06/17] "Hustle" for Park Ki Ryang
 [06/17] "Lucky Charm" for Park Ki Ryang
 [06/17] "Scar" (흠집) for Park Ki Ryang

2017
 [06/07] "B.B.B.BOO" for Cosmic Girls

2018
 [05/30] "love4eva (feat. Grimes)" for Loona sub-unit yyxy

References

External links
KBS biography

Record production duos
Songwriting teams
South Korean record producers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For many, the word "divorce" suggests images of angry interactions, family fractures, exorbitant attorney fees, and months if not years of court battles. Sadly, these images are realities for couples involved in divorce litigation. Statistics show that divorcing couples typically lose a third of their monetary net worth to litigation attorneys and frequently feel physically exhausted and emotionally drained. Statistics also show that the "win lose" mentality intrinsic to litigation increases spousal hostility and tension, and diminishes or even destroys constructive communication – all of which is virtually certain to negatively affect the ability of divorcing couples to positively and healthily co-parent.
Unlike divorce litigation, divorce mediation is a prototype for positive co-parenting. From the outset professional divorce mediators establish the centrality of constructive communication to the process of mediation. They help divorcing couples buy-in to not make disparaging and otherwise inflammatory remarks, and to otherwise speak and listen to each other with respect. Skilled divorce mediators recognize that this centrality of constructive communication not only facilitates resolution of financial issues during the divorce but also opens the way for the mediator to serve as a role model for positive co-parenting both during and after divorce.
All of the foregoing constructive communication skills modeled by professional divorce mediators give divorcing parents firsthand experience with ways to promote positive co-parenting. While the adversarial and accusatorial nature of divorce litigation is antithetical to parents having any opportunity to learn how to constructively communicate and promote positive co-parenting, the cooperative and collaborative nature of divorce mediation opens the way for parents to adopt the constructive communication skills required for positive co-parenting.


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Sabat Fiction-Fest  – ogólnopolski festiwal miłośników fantastyki, odbywający się corocznie w Kielcach w sierpniu lub wrześniu. Jeden z największych konwentów w województwie świętokrzyskim, organizowany od 2014 roku przez Stowarzyszenie Sabat Fiction.

Historia
Festiwal odbywa się od początku istnienia na halach Targów Kielce. Data wydarzenia zazwyczaj przypada na sierpień, z wyjątkiem lat 2015-2017, w których odbył się we wrześniu. W 2018 roku festiwal został połączony z suchedniowskim konwentem Jagaconem i przejął jego logo, które w poprzednich edycjach Sabatu corocznie się zmieniało.

Wydarzenie szybko się rozwija – z roku na rok odwiedza je coraz większa liczba uczestników, która w 2018 roku przekroczyła 3000.

Wraz z każdą edycją zmienia się motyw przewodni festiwalu – w 2018 była nim podróż w czasie, natomiast w 2019 Słowianie.

Tradycyjną atrakcją Sabatu stał się również "Pochód Gandalfa", podczas którego każdy uczestnik festiwalu niesie coś w rękach – mogą to być krzesła, leżaki, stoły, plecaki lub inne osoby oraz tańczy do saksofonowego solo Sergheia Stepanova w piosence Run Away, w wykonaniu SunStroke Project i Flux Light, tworząc marsz na terenie targowych hal.

Program

Główne atrakcje

 spotkania autorskie z gośćmi spejcalnymi oraz panele dyskusyjne z ich udziałem;
 spotkania z wydawcami książek i gier;
 prelekcje tematyczne związane ze dziedzinami fantastyki;
 prelekcje luźno powiązane z fantastyką, głównie rozrywkowe;
 prelekcje popularnonaukowe;
 sesje RPG oraz LARP-y;
 Games Room czyli udostępnianie gier planszowych, karcianych, bitewnych itp;
 udostępnianie starych gier komputerowych;
 turnieje gier komputerowych oraz turniej na broń z pianki;
 konkursy tematyczne z nagrodami, w tym największy na festiwalu konkurs cosplay;

Inne atrakcje
Na Sabacie dostępne są również takie atrakcje jak:

 koncerty;
 rozgrywki DDR oraz karaoke;
 pochód Gandalfa;
 spontaniczne tańce;
 Arena Sabatu;

Bloki programowe
Niektóre sabatowe atrakcje dzielą się na poszczególne bloki tematyczne, które można podzielić na:

Blok Komiksowy
Sabat Fiction-Fest w 2019 roku stał się festiwalem, który posiadał największą czytelnię komiksów (komiksiarnię) spośród polskich konwentów, których główną tematyką nie są komiksy. W bloku komiksowym można znaleźć wiele prelekcji dotyczących historii komiksów, konkretnych wydawnictw komiksowych, rysownictwu oraz paneli dyskusyjnych z autorami lub poświęconych dyskusji na temat przyszłych losów poszczególnych wątków komiksowych.

Blok elektronicznej rozrywki
Inaczej zwany blokiem gier komputerowych, który można podzielić na strefy:

Strefa Free to Play
Można tam zagrać w ulubioną grę z przyjaciółmi lub uczestniczyć w prywatnej rywalizacji/.

Strefa Retrogamingu
Znajdują się w niej stare komputery i konsole, a także takie maszyny jak Pegazus lub Atari.

Strefa Gier Muzycznych
Podczas imprezy można poświęcić czas takim rozrywkom jak DDR, osu! i wiele innych gier muzycznych.

Blok gier komputerowych tworzą także turnieje gier takich jak League of Legends, HearthStone, Fortnite, Fifa itp.

Blok RPG
Warsztaty prowadzenia sesji RPG, prezentacje nowych systemów, spotkania z twórcami gier RPG.

Blok LARP
Gry LARP, które polegają na odegraniu właściwej roli podczas sesji.

Games Room
Blok gier planszowych i karcianych, gdzie prowadzona jest także wypożyczalnia, w której można wypożyczyć grę oraz nauczyć się jej podstaw.

Blok Manga&Anime
Blok poświęcony tematyce mangi oraz anime.

Wystawy, Warsztaty, Strefy foto
Warsztaty, wystawy, strefy, gdzie można kupić rzeczy związane z fantastyką oraz strefy, w których można zrobić zdjęcia na specjalnie przeznaczonych do tego ściankach lub greenscreenie.

Organizacja

Sabat Fiction-Fest jest tworzony przez miłośników fantastyki, gier, filmów, którzy są organizatorami festiwalu. Jednak ważną kwestią w organizacji konwentu są wolontariusze, nazywami helperami, którzy z tak zwanymi "orgami" (organizatorzy) tworzą podstawę trzydniowego wydarzenia. Helperem na wydarzeniu może zostać każda osoba, która ukończyła 13. rok życia i zgłosiła się przy użyciu odpowiedniego formularza.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona Sabat Fiction-Fest
 Oficjalny profil na Facebook festiwalu Sabat Fiction-Fest

Konwenty w Polsce
Konwenty fantastyki w Polsce


DAISSA has 18 years of experience in the Aluminum Composite Materials (ACM) and Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) industry.
Our products are leading edge facade cladding materials, corporate ID and signage materials.
Over the Years our distribution network has grown to include Mexico, Colombia, and now, the United States.
DAISSA is always looking for new distributors/partners in new territiories.


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All in a (Sun)day
It's 12:40 on Sunday afternoon. I have just returned from Charlestown, where I climbed the 294 steps of the Bunker Hill Monument a personal best ten straight times. This I did in addition to walking three miles, after running three, after writing an op-ed that has been sent to two venues, after screening 1948's Oliver Twist, and after sending a story to an embittered, old fossil who would never publish the likes of me. That's Sunday morning completed. This individual's heyday--which was nonexistent--was the late 1960s. They're from Boston. They write about being Jewish in Boston. Nothing else. (And at this point, they're too incapacitated--creatively, not physically--to write hardly at all.) It's beyond boring. For fifteen years I have sent this person work, and I know it would cost them too much to publish me. One must maintain their desperate veil of illusions. They used to dump endless left-handed compliments on me about my "energy." Or, "Well, people will like it." Always said snidely, passive aggressively. And we can't have that, can we, people actually enjoying reading! That's what people who resent me because of what I am and what they are not, but who do on occasion interact with me, like to say. They don't like to talk of talent or genius, because they try to comfort themselves by making it sound like I just work hard (ha ha ha ha; right; you can stay up for 100 years, and see how far you get; what I am and what I do has very, very, very little to do with how hard I work; though I do work harder than everyone, too), and if they could work hard as well--which they vaguely think they might in the future--they'll produce like I produce.
This sundered person long ago resorted to publishing themselves in their own magazine. In November 2011 I went to NYC and schlepped up to Harlem to see them. That's what I'd do on behalf of my work. And they had this miserable office, overlooking an alley, and this was an upgrade they said--they were proud of it--and a miserable little hot plate, and you're in your seventies, and you all but weep for a period from fifty years ago when you were a sycophant following Donald Barthelme around, and yeah, of course you're going to hate anything fresh, original, that's not boring, that's done by someone who was everything you wanted to be but knew you never were.
I could change the name, and they might run something. Probably not, though, because it's the classic case, in addition to everything else, that if you have something millions of people can connect with, these people don't want it. They want the pretentiousness, the lack of life, the lack of meaning, the boredom, ad nauseum prose sterility, the crap that imitates their crap and the crap of their heroes who ought not to be anyone's idea of anything you look up to. You know what great writing does? It impregnates. It plants the seed. (Additionally, it's the absorbing egg.) This stuff, it's just wank against the wall. Why do I send what I send to this person? Because what is going to happen is eventually going to happen. And I am laying out all of the evidence, so that later, I, and others, can say, "Jesus, you had this one, too, and you did nothing?" You want to take something, you want to move forward, I'm here to listen. But if that doesn't happen, it gets handled a different way later.
Today's op-ed was about how there there is no meritocracy in art, in worlds of art, in 2018. This is from it:
"Let's compete, cowards. Let's make it a meritocracy. Let's throw down on the basis of who is the best. Ah, but there's the rub, isn't it? Don't like that, do you? Scared that you'll be exposed for being that thing that you've always been afraid you are: and that's not talented enough."
Anyway. I'm off to the symphony. I am loaded for bear this week. I have no forbearance at this point. Nor fear. By the by: one who climbs the Monument five straight times qualifies for Zulu warrior status. More than that, Zulu chief. But ten? Ten puts you at Zulu king. Was it hard? No, it wasn't, really. It wasn't pleasant. Curiously, I would say it was more challenging for my legs than my wind. The key is getting through the first five. Psychologically. Then it starts to feel possible. Today was the forty-first day in a row I climbed. And it's now 129 weeks without a drink. Near the top, on my fourth climb, there was this cute little girl--maybe six--coming down the stairs, and to each of the people in front of me, she'd say, "You're almost there, you can do it." She pulled up next to me and said, "you're good." And finally shaved for the first time in a week. I look quite youthful today, I would say.
It's twenty of seven now. The Patriots were pasted today. Unwise of Dion Lewis to pop off like he did postgame. Man City won the Derby, which was rather better. Patriots are going to be hard-pressed to get a bye. Will be interesting to see if they do not and how they handle it. They always have a cupcake road to the Super Bowl. Obviously I'm exaggerating somewhat--there have been some formidable foes in there. The Ravens, the Jaguars. But bye, home game, home game, is such an easy route to the last dance.
I probably added 100 more stairs today. I have a rule to never take escalators or elevators. There were the Government Center steps, then the steps coming out of the subway a couple times, then the steps up to the second balcony at Symphony Hall. There were a few flubs, but a lively Handel and Haydn Society performance of Beethoven's Emperor Concerto and Schubert's Great symphony. Schubert was kind of folsky--almost like a classical music street busker--but he sure loved to whip up some volume. Art Tatum had a goodly amount of Beethoven in him. Also worked on "Dunedin" while at the concert. Nota Bene, for looking back later, whomever you may be: the "aquifer" line was written there.
Reading stories from this Christmas Chiller anthology:
And here is a post-climb shot, after the ten. My previous best was eight climbs. That was when it was much warmer out. I still haven't tried to put the heat on yet because I have to move about 300 books and records in this veritable death zone of an apartment, and I'm also not confident I won't blow up the building. I have to do something to a pipe with a wrench--I don't know if I have a wrench--and then use a splint on fire to reach into this hole where there may be gas if I do the correct thing with the pipe. It's a multi-part process. I always feel like Raskolnikov when I try something like this. Please God help me get out of this place.
A man in the Monument today asked me how many laps I do. That's the second time someone has used that terminology. I like it. I also like how classical musicians clap when they're on stage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
OnlineLPNtoRN.org
Radiology Nurse – Career and Education Profile
Radiology nurses work with patients undergoing treatment or screening using MRI, sonography, CAT scans, and more.
As a radiology nurse, you'll work with sonographers, radiological techs, and other trained professionals to provide patients with the best care possible. You'll also work assist doctors who are responsible for assessing a patient and developing a treatment plan. Your daily tasks will depend on the patient you're seeing, but it could include educating the patient on the radiological process, monitoring patients during the process, and administering sedatives and other medications if necessary. Some radiology nurses work with patients undergoing radiation to combat cancer, so your tasks may include providing care after the procedure is complete.
Salary and Career Options
Entry-level radiology nurses make about $40,000, but if you have education and experience in this field, you could make upward of $75,000 as a radiology nurse. Many technicians and technologists working with this type of equipment go on to become radiology nurses, and you can also consider specializing to work with a single type of patient or machine. If you want to make more money as a radiology nurse, you can go back to school to earn a master's degree in nursing or even get a doctorate in this field.
Educational requirements for radiology nurses depend on the type of nurse you want to become. Most employers do not hire many radiology LPNs, so you'll need to be certified as an RN to work in this field effectively. RNs complete at least an associate's degree in nursing, and your classes in this kind of educational program will cover both general nursing skills and skills related to radiology. Getting a graduate degree to become an advanced practice nurse allows you to focuse on these specialized classes.
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text:
Home EXTRAS Bird observatory involved in NASA robin study
Bird observatory involved in NASA robin study
June 3, 2020 · by	Admin2017 · 0
Pearl Lorentzen
American robins captured, banded, and released in Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park were used in a scientific study sponsored by NASA. The study tracked birds with GPS for three months and compared 25 years of data from the Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observatory (LSLBO). It found that robins are migrating earlier, some crossed the Rocky Mountains, and snow on the ground impacts when they fly.
The birds were captured during spring migration in 2016 to 2018. One of the birds from the study returns to Lesser Slave Lake each year.
"Last spring, I saw him," says LSLBO executive-director Patti Campsall. He had the little backpack on. The battery was dead, but it shows that the GPS units don't bother the birds.
The study was published by Dr. Ruth Oliver, Nicole Krikun, and others.
Krikun is a former assistant bander at LSLBO. Oliver is currently a Yale University postdoctoral associate at the Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change. They banded and put GPS on 77 robins.
"Robins are a common bird we don't know a lot about," says Oliver. Robins were chosen because they are very common and one of the biggest songbirds.
The paper is entitled 'Behavioral responses to spring snow conditions contribute to long-term shift in migration phenology in American robins' by Ruth Oliver et al. 2020.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines this use of phenology as "periodic biological phenomena that are correlated with climate conditions," which include bird migration and when plants bloom.
"The northern Rocky Mountains represent a significant geographic feature of the landscape, which several individuals traversed in the course of their migration," says the research paper.
Bird's don't like flying over large bodies of waters or hills, says Oliver. She chose LSLBO because Lesser Slave Lake (to the east) and Marten Mountains (to the west) funnel a tremendous number of birds through the park.
Another consideration was Lesser Slave Lake is on the southern edge of the boreal forest. This was the southern edge of the geographic area eligible for NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. This was a variety of linked studies done at the same time in the boreal forest and arctic.
Another important factor was technology improvements, she continues.
The new GPS technology weigh about as much as a nickle. Older GPS were too big to put on songbirds. These were attached to the birds backs with strings under the wings, which are designed to break after a few months.
The battery life of the GPS is about three months, which was enough time for the birds to get from the southern edge of the boreal forest where they were captured to their nesting ground.
Some birds in the study, including the one that comes back to the Boreal Centre each year, nested near Lesser Slave Lake, others further north in the boreal forest, and some reached the arctic.
Robins spend the winter in places as far south as Mexico, Oliver says. Many of the birds in the study nested in Alaska in the summer. One flew to northwestern Alaska – near the Noatak National Preserve, which is well past Nome, Alaska.
Nome Alaska is 2,920 km as the crow flies from Slave Lake, says an online distance calculator.
Krikun was critical to the research, says Oliver.
"It was a super interesting study," says Krikun. Capturing the birds in nets had a "different setup and style."
The differences included the location, size of the net, and use of lures and decoys.
The nets were set up around the open areas by the Boreal Centre for Bird Conservation instead of amid the trees a few kilometres north at LSLBO.
Robins like foraging for food in open areas, says Krikun. Krikun and Oliver removed snow, used bird decoys, bird calls, and walked through the meadow to flush the birds toward the nets.
It was fun thinking up creative ways to attract the birds, says Krikun, but very few of them worked. The normal LSLBO banding uses passive netting without any lures.
At the time, Krikun was the assistant bander at LSLBO, but her work didn't start until May 1. As the study was from mid-April to early May, it worked well with her schedule.
Only birds over 70 grams were used in the study, says Krikun. Each bird was banded by putting a band with a unique number on its leg. The birds were sexed, weighed, and aged.
The net also caught other birds.
Krikun says an exciting one was a sharp shinned hawk. It would have been the first captured in Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park, but she didn't have the right size band and as the location was different it wouldn't have been included in the LSLBO numbers.
The target was 30 birds a year. The study tracked 15 birds in 2016, 27 in 2017, and 13 in 2018.
The research article is available in Environmental Research Letters.
Robin in a tree with a GPS tracker on its back. Courtesy of Brian Weeks.
'Space Robin' drawing by Nicole Krikun, because the robin study was paid for by NASA. The design was used to make team T-shirts.
Map of 55 robins spring migration. Dots are GPS coordinates, connected with shortest lines. Black X are assumed breeding sites based on the bird being in the area for an extended period of time. Courtesy of Ruth Oliver et al. 2020.
Researcher Brian Weeks holds a robin while Nicole Krikun ties the GPS to its back. Courtesy of LSLBO.
Filed in: EXTRAS Tags: Featured
Lesser Slave Lake MLA Pat Rehn responds to Slave… (This response from Mr. Rehn appeared on his Facebook page on Jan. 5) Pat Rehn "I was elected…
Outdoor rinks pop up in response to COVID shutdown Leader staff Word on the street is there are a lot more private skating rinks this winter than…
New chapter in M.D. cat spat: 'vigilante' trapping Leader staff Vigilante action will not be tolerated, says the M.D. of Lesser Slave River.This message appeared on…
Suspicious fire One of the few houses on 12 St. SE to survive the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire was damaged…


text:
Q: Rails Content Security Policy not allowing external images from API I am using an external API to display images from source https://i.ibb.co
The img src URL looks like this: https://i.ibb.co/R0VHJbd/ds.png
In production, I'm having an issue displaying the images. In the console, the error:
Refused to load the image 'https://i.ibb.co/R0VHJbd/ds.png' because it violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "img-src 'self' data:".
However, even after setting my Content Security Policy in the index.html to:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="img-src 'self' https://i.ibb.co; connect-src 'self' https://api.imgbb.com; child-src *; object-src *">

I am still getting the error
I am also getting the same error when attempting to upload through the API, even though the connect-src is defined in my meta tag
Refused to connect to 'https://api.imgbb.com/1/upload?expiration=600&key=<key>' because it violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that 'connect-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
I have rack-cors enabled to allow all requests
application.rb
config.middleware.insert_before 0, Rack::Cors do
  allow do
    origins '*'
    resource '*', headers: :any, methods: :any
  end
end

config/initializers/rack_cors.rb
Rails.application.config.middleware.insert_before 0, Rack::Cors do
    allow do
        origins '*'
        resource '*',
        headers: %w(Authorization),
        expose: %w(Authorization),
        methods: :any
    end
end

config/initializers/content_security_policy.rb
Rails.application.config.content_security_policy do |policy|
  policy.default_src :self, :https
  policy.font_src    :self, :https, :data
  policy.img_src     :self, :https, "i.ibb.co", :data
  policy.object_src  :none
  policy.script_src  :self, :https
  policy.style_src   :self, :https
  # If you are using webpack-dev-server then specify webpack-dev-server host
  policy.connect_src :self, :https, "http://localhost:3035", "ws://localhost:3035" if Rails.env.development?

  # Specify URI for violation reports
  # policy.report_uri "/csp-violation-report-endpoint"
end

How can I resolve this?
Note: This is an Angular project running on the Rails server, so the Angular index.html that is served on the homepage is compiled first, followed by Rails
For reference: my project on Heroku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Local News Onoja declares "Judiciary will be victim if political system fails".
Onoja declares "Judiciary will be victim if political system fails".
DailyCast NG
Onoja declares "Judiciary will be the victim if the political system fails".
A Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) Ogu James Onoja, has cautioned that the judiciary will be the victim, if the current political system fails, and tasked judges on professionalism to ensure that only properly elected leaders are sworn in.
He gave the caution at his country home at Ofante Ogugu, in Olamoboro local council area of Kogi State during Unyi-Ogugu football tournament.
Onoja expressed concern that the failure of the political system has a direct impact on everyone, whether in the private practice or judiciary.
"My advice to judges is for them to bear in mind that the success of the nation's democracy depends on the judiciary. They have a bigger role to play and if they do anything that brings disrepute to the judiciary, we are the ones who will bear the consequences.
"At the end of the day, politicians, and the parliamentarians will do their own and rush to the judiciary, which is expected to be the hope of the common man," he said.
Onoja said whatever happens in Kogi State also affects him, adding that when salaries are not paid, he sends money to his people who are civil servants.
He cautioned that it is not possible for anything that happens anywhere in the country not to affect others.
"It is a fact that the failure of the system is the failure of all of us," he said.
He stressed that at a time like this, there is political tension, with the fear that the country could collapse, with every body's heart is in his mouth because anything can happen.
However, he also expressed a strong belief in the strength of the country to stay together as one entity.
Onoja explained that the failure of the country's political system has overwhelmed the judiciary, especially as political cases coming to court after the elections, would cause suspension on other litigations.
According to him, there will be a stopgap for land matters, and civil matters that are not politically related, all of which culminate to
The senior advocate of Nigeria added that in pre-election matters, under the current electoral law, one must be in court within 14 days, as was the basis of Senator Attai Aidoko's case.
Also, other cases in the court must be determined within sixty days, which is also good for the system, because people had used the time factor to delay justice."
(SAN) Ogu James Onoja
Previous articleAPC accuses PDP, Atiku of sponsoring smear campaign against President Buhari.
Next articleGovernor Ortom urges Benue electorate to re-elect him for better services.
https://www.dailycastng.com


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Bourbon barbecue sauce provides a one-of-a-kind flavor that will leave your taste buds wanting more. Since there is alcohol involved in the recipe, you may want to keep the tempting morsels you prepare with your sauce away from the kids, however. Just tell them it has vitamins and iron in it and they likely won't be disappointed about not being able to have any.
Just a little side note on the ingredients before getting into how to prepare your sauce. If you like a hot and spicy sauce, it is recommended to add a little bit of Tabasco sauce to the recipe.
The first thing you will want to do is saute' the garlic, onions, and bourbon in a large saucepan until the onions become transparent. This will normally take around 10 minutes. You need to use a large saucepan because the other ingredients are going to be added when this is done. Once you add the rest of the ingredients you must bring the sauce to a boil. Once the sauce is boiling you then can lower the heat and let the sauce simmer. Let the sauce continue to simmer until it thickens, which will likely take somewhere around 20 minutes.
Now you will have your very own bourbon barbecue sauce to put on whatever tantalizing dishes you prefer. This basic recipe can make your next barbecue a hit with both family and friends, but don't be afraid to add your own spices or other ingredients to come up with your own special bourbon barbecue sauce.
Some common items that you may consider are any type of pepper that you prefer and some tomatoes. You may also prefer soy sauce instead of Worcestershire sauce, but if this is the case it is recommended to leave out the liquid smoke.
You simply need to mix all of these ingredients together and then just let it stand for a few hours. Now you will have a tasty bourbon barbecue sauce at your disposal without even having to break out any pots or pans. Just as with the other sauce, you can make up your own variations to your liking. The important thing is to have fun and go for the taste that suits you.
Once your sauce is ready you will find that it will give some of your favorite foods a taste that you have never experienced before. Some of the more popular meats that people enjoy with this sauce include steak, roasted pork loin, hot dogs, and chicken. It is also a popular sauce for preparing Woodford and bread pudding.
Some interesting variations of bourbon barbecue sauce include the use of pecans in the sauce, as well as wild mushrooms and sun-dried tomatoes. Whatever it is you want to experiment with, you now have the knowledge that will give you the opportunity to create your own bourbon barbecue sauce.


Items where Author is "Al-Saifi, Nayef M."
Al-Saifi, Nayef M. (2004) Numerical analysis of entropy generation in laminar viscous fluid flow between parallel plates. Masters thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
This list was generated on Thu Apr 18 15:34:04 2019 AST.


Heat the oven to 220°C (gas mark 7) and put in a large baking sheet to heat up.
Brush the pizza base with a little olive oil and sprinkle the chopped garlic on top. Add slices of mozzarella, leaving a 2cm (¾in) border at the edge. Top with the cherry tomatoes and the slices of chorizo. Season well with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Remove the baking sheet from the oven and place the pizza on it. Bake for 7-10 minutes - the dough should be crisp and golden across the edges, and the cheese melted and slightly coloured.
Meanwhile, put the rocket leaves in a bowl and dress with the olive oil and balsamic vinegar. When the pizza is cooked, transfer to a big plate and top with the dressed leaves.
You can spread the base with a tomato pizza sauce, if desired. For an easy alternative to a ready-made pizza base, try a soft-flour tortilla.


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Mark 16:12-17 with Freer Logion.
↑ Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 113.
H. A. Sanders, The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, The Macmillan Company, London 1918.
B. M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981.
Magnifica página del Evangélio de Marcos del Códice Washingtoniano. Siglo V. d.C.