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Personal genomics or consumer genetics is the branch of genomics concerned with the sequencing, analysis and interpretation of the genome of an individual. The genotyping stage employs different techniques, including single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis chips (typically 0.02% of the genome), or partial or full genome sequencing. Once the genotypes are known, the individual's variations can be compared with the published literature to determine likelihood of trait expression, ancestry inference and disease risk.

Automated high-throughput sequencers have increased the speed and reduced the cost of sequencing, making it possible to offer whole genome sequencing including interpretation to consumers since 2015 for less than $1,000. The emerging market of direct-to-consumer genome sequencing services has brought new questions about both the medical efficacy and the ethical dilemmas associated with widespread knowledge of individual genetic information.

In personalized medicine
Personalized medicine is a medical method that targets treatment structures and medicinal decisions based on a patient's predicted response or risk of disease. The National Cancer Institute or NCI, an arm of the National Institutes of Health, lists a patient's genes, proteins, and environment as the primary factors analyzed to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease through personalized medicine.

There are various subcategories of the concept of personalized medicine such as predictive medicine, precision medicine and stratified medicine. Although these terms are used interchangeably to describe this practice, each carries individual nuances. Predictive medicine describes the field of medicine that utilizes information, often obtained through personal genomics techniques, to both predict the possibility of disease, and institute preventative measures for a particular individual. Precision medicine is a term very similar to personalized medicine in that it focuses on a patient's genes, environment, and lifestyle; however, it is utilized by National Research Council to avoid any confusion or misinterpretations associated with the broader term. Stratified medicine is a version of personalized medicine which focuses on dividing patients into subgroups based on specific responses to treatment, and identifying effective treatments for the particular group.

Examples of the use of personalized medicine include oncogenomics and pharmacogenomics. Oncogenomics is a field of study focused on the characterization of cancer–related genes. With cancer, specific information about a tumor is used to help create a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how a person's genome affects their response to drugs. This field is relatively new but growing fast due in part to an increase in funding for the NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network. Since 2001, there has been an almost 550% increase in the number of research papers in PubMed related to the search terms pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. This field allows researchers to better understand how genetic differences will influence the body's response to a drug and inform which medicine is most appropriate for the patient. These treatment plans will be able to prevent or at least minimize the adverse drug reactions which are a, "significant cause of hospitalizations and deaths in the United States." Overall, researchers believe pharmacogenomics will allow physicians to better tailor medicine to the needs of the individual patient. As of November 2016, the FDA has approved 204 drugs with pharmacogenetics information in its labeling. These labels may describe genotype-specific dosing instructions and risk for adverse events amongst other information.

Disease risk may be calculated based on genetic markers and genome-wide association studies for common medical conditions, which are multifactorial and include environmental components in the assessment. Diseases which are individually rare (less than 200,000 people affected in the USA) are nevertheless collectively common (affecting roughly 8-10% of the US population).  Over 2500 of these diseases (including a few more common ones) have predictive genetics of sufficiently high clinical impact that they are recommended as medical genetic tests available for single genes (and in whole genome sequencing) and growing at about 200 new genetic diseases per year.

Cost of sequencing an individual's genome

The cost of sequencing a human genome is dropping rapidly, due to the continual development of new, faster, cheaper DNA sequencing technologies such as "next-generation DNA sequencing".

The National Human Genome Research Institute, an arm of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, has reported that the cost to sequence a whole human-sized genome has dropped from about $14 million in 2006 to below $1,500 by late 2015.

There are 6 billion base pairs in the diploid human genome. Statistical analysis reveals that a coverage of approximately ten times is required to get coverage of both alleles in 90% human genome from 25 base pair reads with shotgun sequencing. This means a total of 60 billion base pairs that must be sequenced. An Applied Biosystems SOLiD, Illumina or Helicos sequencing machine can sequence 2 to 10 billion base pairs in each $8,000 to $18,000 run. The cost must also take into account personnel costs, data processing costs, legal, communications and other costs. One way to assess this is via commercial offerings.  The first such whole diploid genome sequencing (6 billion bp, 3 billion from each parent) was from Knome and their price dropped from $350,000 in 2008 to $99,000 in 2009. This inspects 3000-fold more bases of the genome than SNP chip-based genotyping, identifying both novel and known sequence variants, some relevant to personal health or ancestry. In June 2009, Illumina announced the launch of its own Personal Full Genome Sequencing Service at a depth of 30X for $48,000 per genome. In 2010, they cut the price to $19,500.

In 2009, Complete Genomics of Mountain View announced that it would provide full genome sequencing for $5,000, from June 2009. This will only be available to institutions, not individuals. Prices are expected to drop further over the next few years through economies of scale and increased competition. As of 2014, nearly complete exome sequencing was offered by Gentle for less than $2,000, including personal counseling along with the results. As of late 2018, over a million human genomes have been nearly completely sequenced for as little as $200 per person, and even under certain circumstances ultra-secure personal genomes for $0 each. In those two cases, the actual cost is reduced because the data can be monetized for researchers.

The decreasing cost in general of genomic mapping has permitted genealogical sites to offer it as a service, to the extent that one may submit one's genome to crowd sourced scientific endeavours such as OpenSNP or DNA.land at the New York Genome Center, as examples of citizen science. The Corpas family, led by scientist Manuel Corpas, developed the Corpasome project, and encouraged by the low prices in genome sequencing, was the first example of citizen science crowd sourced analysis of personal genomes.

The opening of genomic medical clinics at major US hospitals has raised questions about whether these services broaden existing inequities in the US healthcare system, including from practitioners such as Robert C. Green, director of the Preventive Genomics Clinic at Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Ethical issues
Genetic discrimination is discriminating on the basis of information obtained from an individual's genome. Genetic non-discrimination laws have been enacted in some US states and at the federal level, by the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). The GINA legislation prevents discrimination by health insurers and employers, but does not apply to life insurance or long-term care insurance. The passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 strengthened the GINA protections by prohibiting health insurance companies from denying coverage because of patient's "pre-existing conditions" and removing insurance issuers ability to adjust premium costs based on certain factors such as genetic diseases. Given the ethical concerns about pre-symptomatic genetic testing of minors, it is likely that personal genomics will first be applied to adults who can provide consent to undergo such testing, although genome sequencing is already proving valuable for children if any symptoms are present.

There are also concerns regarding human genome research in developing countries. The tools for conducting whole genome analyses are generally found in high-income nations, necessitating partnerships between developed and developing countries in order to study the patients affected by certain diseases. The relevant tools for sharing access to the collected data are not equally accessible across low-income nations and without an established standard for this type of research, concerns over fairness to local researchers remain unsettled.

Other issues

Genetic privacy

In the United States, biomedical research containing human subjects is governed by a baseline standard of ethics known as The Common Rule, which aims to protect a subject's privacy by requiring "identifiers" such as name or address to be removed from collected data. A 2012 report by the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues stated, however, that "what constitutes 'identifiable' and 'de-identified' data is fluid and that evolving technologies and the increasing accessibility of data could allow de-identified data to become re-identified." In fact, research has already shown that it is "possible to discover a study participant's identity by cross-referencing research data about him and his DNA sequence … [with] genetic genealogy and public-records databases." This has led to calls for policy-makers to establish consistent guidelines and best practices for the accessibility and usage of individual genomic data collected by researchers.

There is also controversy regarding the concerns with companies testing individual DNA. There are issues such as "leaking" information, the right to privacy and what responsibility the company has to ensure this does not happen. Regulation rules are not clearly laid out. What is still not determined is who legally owns the genome information: the company or the individual whose genome has been read. There have been published examples of personal genome information being exploited. Additional privacy concerns, related to, e.g., genetic discrimination, loss of anonymity, and psychological impacts, have been increasingly pointed out by the academic community as well as government agencies.

Additional issues arise from the trade-off between public benefit from research sharing and exposure to data escape and re-identification. The Personal Genome Project (started in 2005) is among the few to make both genome sequences and corresponding medical phenotypes publicly available.

Personalized genome utility
Full genome sequencing holds large promise in the world of healthcare in the potential of precise and personalized medical treatments. This use of genetic information to select appropriate drugs is known as pharmacogenomics. This technology may allow treatments to be catered to the individual and the certain genetic predispositions they may have (such as personalized chemotherapy).  Among the most impactful and actionable uses of personal genome information is the avoidance of hundreds of severe single-gene genetic disorders which endanger about 5% of newborns (with costs up to 20 million dollars), for example elimination of Tay Sachs Disease via Dor Yeshorim. Another set of 59 genes vetted by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG-59) are considered actionable in adults.

At the same time, full sequencing of the genome can identify polymorphisms that are so rare and/or mild sequence change that conclusions about their impact are challenging, reinforcing the need to focus on the reliable and actionable alleles in the context of clinical care. Czech medical geneticist Eva Machácková writes: "In some cases it is difficult to distinguish if the detected sequence variant is a causal mutation or a neutral (polymorphic) variation without any effect on phenotype. The interpretation of rare sequence variants of unknown significance detected in disease-causing genes becomes an increasingly important problem." In fact, researchers from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) project estimated the average person to carry 54 genetic mutations that previously were assumed pathogenic, i.e. having 100% penetrance, but without any apparent negative health presentation.

As with other new technologies, doctors can order genomic tests for which some are not correctly trained to interpret the results. Many are unaware of how SNPs respond to one another. This results in presenting the client with potentially misleading and worrisome results which could strain the already overloaded health care system. In theory, this might antagonize an individual to make uneducated decisions such as unhealthy lifestyle choices and family planning modifications. Negative results which may potentially be inaccurate, theoretically decrease the quality of life and mental health of the individual (such as increased depression and extensive anxiety).

Direct-to-consumer genetics

There are also three potential problems associated with the validity of personal genome kits. The first issue is the test's validity. Handling errors of the sample increases the likelihood for errors which could affect the test results and interpretation. The second affects the clinical validity, which could affect the test's ability to detect or predict associated disorders. The third problem is the clinical utility of personal genome kits and associated risks, and the benefits of introducing them into clinical practices.

People need to be educated on interpreting their results and what they should be rationally taking from the experience. Concerns about customers misinterpreting health information was one of the reasons for the 2013 shutdown by the FDA of 23&Me's health analysis services. It is not only the average person who needs to be educated in the dimensions of their own genomic sequence but also professionals, including physicians and science journalists, who must be provided with the knowledge required to inform and educate their patients and the public. Examples of such efforts include the Personal Genetics Education Project (pgEd), the Smithsonian collaboration with NHGRI, and the MedSeq, BabySeq and MilSeq projects of Genomes to People, an initiative of Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital.

A major use of personal genomics outside the realm of health is that of ancestry analysis (see Genetic Genealogy), including evolutionary origin information such as neanderthal content.

Popular culture
The 1997 science fiction film GATTACA presents a near-future society where personal genomics is readily available to anyone, and explores its societal impact. Perfect DNA is a novel that uses Dr Manuel Corpas' own experiences and expertise as genome scientist to begin exploring some of these tremendously challenging issues.

Other uses
In 2018, police arrested Joseph James DeAngelo, the prime suspect for the Golden State Killer or East Area Rapist, and William Earl Talbott II, the prime suspect in the murders of Jay Cook and Tanya Van Cuylenborg in 1987. These arrests were based on the personal genomics uploaded to an open-source database, GEDmatch, which allowed investigators to compare DNA recovered from crime scenes to the DNA uploaded to the database by relatives of the suspect. In December 2018, FamilyTreeDNA changed its terms of service to allow law enforcement to use their service to identify suspects of "a violent crime" or identify the remains of victims. The company confirmed it was working with the FBI on at least a handful of cases. Since then, nearly 50 suspects in crimes of assault, rape or murder have been arrested using the same method.

Personal genomics have also allowed investigators to identify previously unknown bodies using GEDmatch (the Buckskin Girl, Lyle Stevik and Joseph Newton Chandler III).

See also

References

Bibliography

Genomics


Toxic or poisonous substances elaborated by marine flora or fauna. They include also specific, characterized poisons or toxins for which there is no more specific heading, like those from poisonous FISHES.
09/15/2008 - "Comparative study of the use of neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) and neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) for the toxic effect quantification of marine toxins."
01/01/2008 - "Muscle tissue from each individual was assessed for the presence of CTX using two methods: a semi-quantitative ELISA that was recently developed for detecting picogram levels of CTX in fish extract and a neuroblastoma (NB) cell assay commonly used to screen for marine toxins in fish. "
06/20/2011 - "In this study, we evaluate the cytotoxicity of several marine toxins on neuroblastoma cells, focusing on gambierol and its effect on cytosolic calcium levels. "
03/01/1995 - "Neuroblastoma cells in culture were used to detect sodium channel-specific marine toxins based on an end-point determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. "
09/01/2014 - "Detection, occurrence and monthly variations of typical lipophilic marine toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in the coastal seawater of Qingdao City, China."
01/12/2001 - "Quantitative determination of marine toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry."
09/02/2015 - "Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs) are a group of marine toxins that cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans and animals. "
04/01/2015 - "Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest in the state are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and the first ever US closure in 2011 due to diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). "
04/15/1993 - "Okadaic acid (OA), produced by marine phytoplankton, is the parent compound of a family of marine toxins responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). "
01/01/2010 - "The impact of ciguatera onset on European Union (EU) policies will be discussed with respect to EU regulations on marine toxins in seafood. "
02/28/2006 - "Maitotoxin (MTX) is known as one of the most potent marine toxins involved in Ciguatera poisoning, but intracellular signaling pathways caused by MTX was not fully understood. "
07/05/2010 - "Gambierol was isolated as a neurotoxin from the cultured cells of the ciguatera causative dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and classified as a member of the polycyclic ether family of marine toxins. "
01/01/2008 - "Acute phase phospholipids related to the cardiolipin of mitochondria in the sera of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic Ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), and other diseases attributed to chemicals, Gulf War, and marine toxins."
03/01/1995 - "Polyether marine toxins are responsible for the seafood intoxication phenomena known as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (due to brevetoxins), ciguatera (due to ciguatoxin), and diarrheic shellfish poisoning (due to okadaic acid). "
09/01/2014 - "Lipophilic marine toxins are produced by harmful microalgae and can accumulate in edible filter feeders such as shellfish, leading to an introduction of toxins into the human food chain, causing different poisoning effects. "
03/01/2002 - "A wide variety of marine toxins mostly produced by dinoflagellates occurring secondarily in molluscs and mussels are usually ingested by human beings causing poisoning. "
11/06/2009 - "intestinalis together with its phylogenetic position as a basal chordate and lifestyle as a filter feeder constantly exposed to natural marine toxins introduces this species as an important animal model for defining molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie genetic susceptibility to environmentally associated stress."


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Patrik Jonsson
Assault-rifle-toting Texans get NRA to back down on 'weird' claims
By Patrik Jonsson
The National Rifle Association recants its lobbying arm's criticism of grass-roots gun activists who carry rifles into restaurants. Open Carry Texas applauds the NRA for its 'clarification.'
NRA calls Open Carry Texas protests 'weird.' A crack in gun rights bulwark?
No, the NRA hasn't gone soft on gun rights. But it views carrying assault-style rifles into restaurants, as practiced by Open Carry Texas, as doing more harm to the movement than good.
Republicans getting buzzed on pot possibilities?
Most Republican lawmakers are strictly anti-pot, but a growing contingent of libertarian-leaning and tea party conservatives have begun to embrace marijuana legalization.
Montana killing: Deadly clash of teenage mischief, pot, and self-defense?
The killing of a German exchange student renewed international criticism of US 'stand your ground' self-defense laws. Police are investigating whether the alleged shooter set a trap for the student.
Death threats stop gun store from selling 'smart' gun. Why?
The White House has urged gun companies to invent safety technology that could limit a gun's use to its owner. But two gun shops decided not to sell such guns after receiving death threats.
Botched Oklahoma execution shakes even death penalty supporters
A majority of Americans support the death penalty, but a failed execution in Oklahoma is raising questions about what society will accept in the course of capital punishment.
Confederate flag flap at N.Y. school: Why debate is hardly settled
A Long Island principal called the Confederate flag a 'symbol of hate' as he expelled two students who brought the flag to school. But views about the rebel flag are not so categorical in the South.
New York gun owners shrug off tough new rules: What happens now?
The SAFE Act, passed in New York last year, had an April 15 deadline for owners of assault-style weapons to register their guns with the state. Some 1 million residents have refused to abide.
Ohio boy suspended for pointing finger like a gun. 'Zero tolerance' run amok?
Officials at Devonshire Alternative Elementary School in Ohio said Nathan Entingh, 10, formed his hand into a 'level 2 lookalike gun.' But critics say zero tolerance policies punish imaginative play.
Gun debate: Is price of an armed America a more dangerous America?
The number of Americans asserting their right to carry has exploded, from less than a million a few decades ago to 11 million today.
North Carolina forced ultrasound law struck down on First Amendment grounds
The North Carolina legislature ordered doctors to show and talk about an ultrasound before a woman has an abortion. A federal judge ruled that the law violates the First Amendment right of physicians.
Chicago gun laws rolled back again: US judge strikes down ban on gun stores
Chicago's ban on gun stores and private gun sales 'goes too far,' a federal judge says, another legal blow to the gun-control policies the city has employed in an effort to reduce crime.
Target Corp. feels customers' fury over response to card-data breach
Complaints are mounting about Target's response to massive theft of customer credit-card data.
Another tragic test for 'stand your ground' laws, this time in Georgia
A Georgia man admits to shooting a elderly man with Alzheimer's who knocked on his door at 4 a.m. Wednesday, mistaking him for an intruder. Interpretations of Georgia's stand your ground law could be pivotal.
Texas abortion ruling: Abortions instantly curbed in Texas as nation takes stock
A US appellate court has upheld a new law in Texas that restrictions access to abortion, immediately causing some clinics to close. Given the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling legalizing abortion, the Texas case likely will advance to the US Supreme Court.
'Pepper spray' cop gets bigger payout than sprayed students. Wrong message?
John Pike, a former campus police officer at UC Davis, won $38,000 in workers' comp stemming from a 2011 Occupy protest in which he infamously used pepper spray on peaceful students. Where's the justice in that, some are asking.
National manhunt for Florida 'escapees' freed by paperwork: Saboteur in Justice?
Florida justice officials have a lot of questions to answer after forged documents were used to set free two convicted killers recently. They're both still at large.
Can students be barred from wearing patriotic clothes? Dispute goes to court
High school officials in Morgan Hill, Calif., told three students to go home after they refused to turn their US flag-themed T-shirts inside out during Cinco de Mayo. Administrators cited lingering racial tensions at the school between Hispanics and Anglos.
Republicans attack national parks chief over government shutdown closures
At a tense House hearing Wednesday, Republicans pilloried the national parks director for closings during the government shutdown. Democrats counter: What else was he supposed to do?
National parks open despite government shutdown. Why the change of heart?
National parks open in Utah Saturday, despite the government shutdown, after the state cut a deal with federal officials: $166,000 a day for 10 days to help save the lucrative October season.

Assault-rifle-toting Texans get NRA to back down on 'weird' claims

By Patrik Jonsson

June 5, 2014

Heavily armed men and women making appearances in US restaurants and hardware stores appear to be gaining proxy power over the national debate concerning whether to expand or contract gun rights for Americans.

That's one conclusion drawn by the actions of the National Rifle Association, which, after issuing a rare critique of gun owners who "open-carry" scary-looking long rifles into retail stores, subsequently offered a just-as-rare apology for calling open carry advocates "weird" and "downright scary." The apology was posted Tuesday on the NRA's lobbying website.

To be sure, the NRA — a 5-million-member-strong organization that spends about $3.5 million lobbying for gun rights on Capitol Hill every year — is feared in Washington. Yet the apology by chief lobbyist Chris Cox, who called the original critique a "mistake," suggests to some that grass-roots groups like Open Carry Texas, which has been staging heavily armed demonstrations in support of more open-carry, are the ones who are driving the national gun agenda and forcing the NRA's tiller.

"Legislators … and the media perceive the NRA as being the big gorilla in the room, but the reality is that, since the advent of the Internet, grass-roots organizations have been increasing their strength to the point" where the NRA no longer has any wiggle room, as it did in the 1990s, to compromise on gun legislation, says Paul Valone, president of Grass Roots North Carolina, a powerful state gun lobby.

Case in point, says Mr. Valone: Thirty-eight state gun rights groups played a role in forcing the NRA to take a no-compromise stance on the post-Sandy Hook gun-control package touted by President Obama — a stance that may have doomed what many Americans saw as a "common sense" approach to gun control.

The NRA began as a grass-roots organization itself, but its stakeholder base has diversified to include everyone from individual gun owners to gunmakers.

But as grass-roots groups stage increasingly bold demonstrations in the counter lines at retail outlets such as Starbucks, Chipotle, and Home Depot, the NRA confronts the delicate task of keeping intact both its coalition and its capacity to cut legislative deals in Washington.

Does the NRA "represent Joe Six-Shooter or the good folks at Bushmaster, Browning, and Smith & Wesson?" Jacob Weissman mused in The Atlantic, shortly after the December 2013 Sandy Hook massacre in Newtown, Conn. "The messy truth is, as you might imagine, somewhere in-between.… in any event, it's clear that the NRA isn't just representing your average Joe Six-Shooter."

On May 30, the Institute for Legislative Action, the NRA's lobbying arm, posted a statement on its website criticizing Open Carry Texas and its members for their open-carry protests, which have led some corporations to ask gun owners to not carry firearms on their properties.

"To state the obvious, that's counterproductive for the gun owning community," the NRA statement read.

The stance sparked fervent debate in the "gun-blogosphere" — where some influential gun bloggers agreed with the NRA's criticism — and was lauded among moderates.

"It was a rare, welcome sight for the American mainstream — the NRA agreeing with the public and endorsing a position in line with common sense," writes Steve Benen, for MSNBC.com.

Meanwhile, Open Carry Texas lashed out at the NRA criticism on its Facebook page: "If they do not retract their disgusting and disrespectful comments, OCT will have no choice but to withdraw its full support of the NRA and establish relationships with other gun rights organizations that fight for all gun rights."

In walking back the original comments, Mr. Cox said they represented one staffer's personal views.

"Ultimately, what this comes down to is a tactics discussion," Cox said in an interview with NRA News. "Some people believe that the best way to effectuate that sort of policy change is in protest. And what they did in Texas is, some people decided to protest the absurdity of the ban on … open carry of handguns by carrying their long guns openly, and legally."

Chiding those activists as "weird or somehow not normal was a mistake," Cox added. The NRA, he said, "unequivocally" supports open carry laws.

In response, OCT, also on its Facebook page, thanked and applauded Cox and the NRA for "clarification on their stance."

"It was preordained that they would walk that statement back," says Valone of Grass Roots North Carolina, which he says at times has been forced "to bloody the nose" of the NRA over state legislative disagreements. "They might be able to get away with comments like that behind closed doors, but if they state it publicly, the grass roots will eat them alive."

This article first appeared on MinnPost and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Today our thoughts are with those who are victims of the attack in London that took place this afternoon, and their friends and families.
Our love and prayers, in whatever format, are with you.
Out of respect for those injured or killed, and until we know more, we ask our followers to please refrain from speculative comments, and instead leave messages of condolence, should you wish to do so.
There will be no article today.


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Left Unity for A Left-Center Candidate
by Staff on May 2, 2008 · 3 comments
in Civil Rights, Election
By Keith Joseph / Rutgers SDS Member
I know Jeremiah Wright… Well, I never met him, but I know his ideas, he is a part of the American political left. Nothing he said outraged me, or even upset me. I agreed with a lot of it, and disagreed with some of it. If we were to meet in person I imagine we would get along just fine, and we probably could do some good work together.
Obama had to distance himself from his pastor in order to remain a viable candidate — a smart move. Gary Wills, writing in the May 2008 NY Review of Books, pointed out that Abe Lincoln, who Obama invoked when announcing his own candidacy, was associated with John Brown and the "radical" abolitionists. Like Obama, Abe had to distance himself in pubic from the "extremists." But the abolitionists remained the left wing of Lincoln's coalition, and although he publicly disavowed them (gently) he was secretly and indirectly connected to them.
About 100 hundred years later, in 1968, Robert Kennedy's candidacy for president represented a similar coalition.
His brother, John Kennedy's election marked the achievement of full citizenship for Catholic (Irish and Italian) workers (that's why Kennedy's picture hangs in all those Irish bars). Bobby Kennedy continued to lead those "white" workers and he was bringing them into an alliance with the Civil Rights Movement (Kennedy was meeting and marching with two of its most prominent leaders, Dr. King and Caesar Chavez). In other words, Kennedy's campaign was a next phase in the Civil Rights struggle. But the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965 and the FBI repression of the left made it difficult for a left wing to get into that coalition and soon King and Kennedy would also be murdered.
These assassinations sent most left wing forces in the United States into a disorientating tailspin that we have yet to recover from. If it were 1968, Hillary would be Hubert Humphrey, McCain would be Nixon, and Obama would be Bobby Kennedy. Some of our friends on the left have asked us to "Recreate '68." Yes, but let's not repeat the blind rage, instead let's do it over and send Humphrey and Nixon packing. So, we must build a John Brown, Malcolm X, Jeremiah Wright bloc- a left bloc allied to but independent from Obama's campaign.
As Malcolm and the movement developed, he emphasized uniting with other left forces. He and King drew closer together, but after Malcolm's assassination left wing forces pushed liberals and center-left forces away and into the hands of the right. Obama's campaign is the potential rebirth of the Kennedy-King Coalition. And it is time for the radical left to do what Malcolm would have done-get into the coalition as an independent force, consolidate a left wing and build a liberal and left coalition to stomp the war loving right wing in this country while building our own independent left movement.
We have a couple of immediate basic tasks: Obama must be the Democratic Party candidate-By Any Means Necessary. We should plan to camp right outside of Denver during the Democratic Party's Convention and hold anti-war demonstrations and our own left convention. If right wing Democrats try to force Hilary-Herbert Humphrey-Clinton on us we march on the convention and make sure Obama gets the nomination–By Any Means Necessary. In November, we must make sure Obama defeats the war criminal John McCain. And finally, after the election, we must be prepared to convene anywhere in the country (Florida, Ohio etc.) to make sure that the Supreme Court does not decide the contest.
Some of our fellow leftists have been very critical of Obama. The problem with their criticism is that they want Obama to be a leftist. He is not a leftist, he is a representative of the progressive, democratic wing of the capitalist class and he is making an appeal to workers of all nationalities to support him. Obama is a liberal. He is a center-left candidate. He is a part of the mainstream of the Democratic Party. We are the left! It is time we got back in the game.
http://progressivesforobama.blogspot.com/
Frank Gormlie May 7, 2008 at 10:09 am
I don't agree with the author's analysis of the politics of 1968, but do think his points about the left coalescing around Obama are right on.
Molly May 7, 2008 at 11:50 am
Okay, I'll bite – what about 68 ?
"These assassinations sent most left wing forces in the United States into a disorientating tailspin that we have yet to recover from." I don't agree with that.
The left did not go into a 'tail spin" at all. After King's assassination the Black power movement jumped off the table into the streets.
With pro-war Humphrey as the Dem candidate and with Nixon on the other side, antiwar forces and much of the left had no where to turn except to the streets ourselves. 1968 was, as all the pundits say, a turning point in US politics, what with the Chicago police riot at the Democratic convention. The whole world did watch, and the following Fall, SDS meetings exploded with new students radicalized by what had happened in Chicago. No tail spin at all. The only tail spinning was by the social democratic forces who were not progressive enough to move to higher levels of political protest. (I could go on and on, Molly, but …)
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text:
CV Senior Signs Historic NLI
Wednesday, November 13, 2019 6:03 PM EST
Chenango Valley Senior Emma Schmidt signed her letter of intent today to play lacrosse for Division II's The College of Saint Rose in Albany. Schmidt is making history becoming the first girl's lacrosse player from Chenango Valley to commit to playing in college.She also was a part of the first win in program history for both the school's JV and Varsity girl's lacrosse teams. She is in her 6th year of playing lacrosse and currently plays it year round. She says it's hard to believe her high school career is coming to a close, but she is thrilled for the next chapter.
"It's weird knowing that this is it, I'm going to college and won't get to play high school lacrosse anymore," says Schmidt. "It's super exciting I wasn't sure how to feel when i woke this morning, I was exhilarated it was an overwhelming feeling."
Schmidt says she chose to become a Golden Knight because she likes the class sizes, the Albany area and really connected with their coach.


APC Group SA newly opened office in Geneva, Switzerland, overlooking Lake Geneva and the city's iconic Jet d'Eau.
APC Group SA, an integral part of the global Plantation Capital Group and an award-winning sustainable plantation management company, officially opened its new management Head Office this month in Geneva, Switzerland. As a major, global economic hub, Geneva was identified as the ideal location for the strategic move in response to the increasing demand for Asia Plantation Capital and the Group's numerous and growing range of end products in the European market.
The office will be responsible for the marketing and distribution of its 100% pure, natural Oud oil, essential oils, bakhoor (the Arabic name given to woodchips soaked in fragrant oils), agarwood chips, incense and other timber products including bamboo and hardwood floorings, engineered construction boards and sustainable charcoal , as well as the Group's range of eco-friendly products under its associate company, Eco Tech Asia, Boo-Tex and its partner, French niche luxury perfume house, Fragrance Du Bois.
As part of the Group's wider expansion plans, the office will also act as the independent management and administration centre for the Group's global operations, including Africa Plantation Capital and America Plantation Capital, and will be home to its corporate governance and compliance teams.
Located in the central business district of Geneva, on the historic Quai Gustave-Ador, the office overlooks Lake Geneva and the city's iconic Jet d'Eau. Geneva plays host to some of the world's most luxurious and recognisable brands, as well as leading financial, governmental and environmental institutions.
Agarwood chips from award-winning sustainable plantation management company, Asia Plantation Capital.
One of Asia Plantation Capital's eco-friendly products – the APC 'Boo Bike', made entirely from bamboo and other sustainable materials.
Over the last few months, Asia Plantation Capital has been welcoming European-based plantation owners and some of the most influential European investment and fund managers to its Southeast Asian facilities in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. Along with state officers and private bankers, many of Europe's movers and shakers have been hosted and regaled with the full 'From Soil, to Oil, to You' experience.
The wider Plantation Capital Group, which includes Africa Plantation Capital and America Plantation Capital, has some major projects and investments to announce in the near future, focused on sustainable biomass production and the development of new and exciting end products, in the USA and Africa.
Officially established in 2008 (although operating privately since 2002), the Plantation Capital Group has more than 2,000 members of staff worldwide, in Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Laos, India, Cambodia, Sir Lanka, Vietnam, North America and Europe. With 126 plantations across the globe, the company has also opened the largest agarwood processing factory in Southeast Asia, to meet the growing demands of sustainable agarwood and Oud oil production.


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	Class Swift_Mime_Headers_ParameterizedHeader

 (line 22)

Description

Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader
   |
   --Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader
      |
      --Swift_Mime_Headers_ParameterizedHeader

	Located in File: /vendors/swiftMailer/classes/Swift/Mime/Headers/ParameterizedHeader.php

An abstract base MIME Header.

author: - Chris Corbyn

Class Variables

Summary:

Class Constants

Summary:

Method Detail

Summary:

            Swift_Mime_Headers_ParameterizedHeader
        __construct
        (string $name, Swift_Mime_HeaderEncoder $encoder, [Swift_Encoder $paramEncoder = null], Swift_Encoder $paramEncoder,)

            string
        getFieldBody
        ()

            int
        getFieldType
        ()

            string
        getParameter
        ( $parameter)

            string[]
        getParameters
        ()

            void
        setCharset
        (string $charset)

            void
        setParameter
        (string $parameter, string $value)

            void
        setParameters
        ( $parameters)

            string[]
        toTokens
        ([ $string = null])

 Constructor __construct (line 54)

Swift_Mime_Headers_ParameterizedHeader __construct(
string
$name, Swift_Mime_HeaderEncoder
$encoder, [Swift_Encoder
$paramEncoder = null], Swift_Encoder
$paramEncoder,)

Overrides : Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::__construct() Creates a new SimpleHeader with $name.

Creates a new ParameterizedHeader with $name.

Parameters

string $name:

Swift_Mime_HeaderEncoder $encoder:

Swift_Encoder $paramEncoder,: optional

Swift_Encoder $paramEncoder:

Info

access - public

 Method getFieldBody (line 133)

string getFieldBody(
)

Overrides : Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getFieldBody() Get the value of this header prepared for rendering.

Implementation of:

Swift_Mime_Header::getFieldBody()

Get the field body, prepared for folding into a final header value.

Get the value of this header prepared for rendering.

Info

access - public

 Method getFieldType (line 70)

int getFieldType(
)

Overrides : Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getFieldType() Get the type of Header that this instance represents.

Implementation of:

Swift_Mime_Header::getFieldType()

Get the type of Header that this instance represents.

Get the type of Header that this instance represents.

Info

see - TYPE_TEXT, TYPE_PARAMETERIZED, TYPE_MAILBOX

see - TYPE_DATE, TYPE_ID, TYPE_PATH

access - public

 Method getParameter (line 102)

string getParameter(

$parameter)

Implementation of:

Swift_Mime_ParameterizedHeader::getParameter()

Get the value of $parameter.

Get the value of $parameter.

Parameters

 $parameter:

Info

access - public

 Method getParameters (line 124)

string[] getParameters(
)

Returns an associative array of parameter names mapped to values.

Info

access - public

 Method setCharset (line 79)

void setCharset(
string
$charset)

Overrides : Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setCharset() Set the character set used in this Header.

Implementation of:

Swift_Mime_Header::setCharset()

Set the charset used when rendering the Header.

Set the character set used in this Header.

Parameters

string $charset:

Info

access - public

 Method setParameter (line 93)

void setParameter(
string
$parameter, string
$value)

Implementation of:

Swift_Mime_ParameterizedHeader::setParameter()

Set the value of $parameter.

Set the value of $parameter.

Parameters

string $parameter:

string $value:

Info

access - public

 Method setParameters (line 114)

void setParameters(

$parameters)

Set an associative array of parameter names mapped to values.

Parameters

string[] $parameters:

Info

access - public

 Method toTokens (line 156)

string[] toTokens(
[
$string = null])

Overrides : Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::toTokens() Generate a list of all tokens in the final header.

Generate a list of all tokens in the final header.

This doesn't need to be overridden in theory, but it is for implementation  reasons to prevent potential breakage of attributes.

Parameters

 $string:

Info

access - protected

Inherited Variables

Inherited Class Variable Summary

Inherited Methods

Inherited Method Summary

Inherited From Class Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::__construct() - Creates a new SimpleHeader with $name.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getFieldBody() - Get the value of this header prepared for rendering.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getFieldBodyModel() - Get the model for the field body.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getFieldType() - Get the type of Header that this instance represents.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::getValue() - Get the (unencoded) value of this header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::setFieldBodyModel() - Set the model for the field body.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_UnstructuredHeader::setValue() - Set the (unencoded) value of this header.

Inherited From Class Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::clearCachedValueIf() - Clear the cached value if $condition is met.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::createPhrase() - Produces a compliant, formatted RFC 2822 'phrase' based on the string given.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::encodeWords() - Encode needed word tokens within a string of input.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::escapeSpecials() - Escape special characters in a string (convert to quoted-pairs).

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::generateTokenLines() - Generates tokens from the given string which include CRLF as individual tokens.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getCachedValue() - Get the value in the cache.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getCharset() - Get the character set used in this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getEncodableWordTokens() - Splits a string into tokens in blocks of words which can be encoded quickly.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getEncoder() - Get the encoder used for encoding this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getFieldName() - Get the name of this header (e.g. charset).

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getGrammar() - Get the grammar defined for $name token.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getLanguage() - Get the language used in this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getMaxLineLength() - Get the maximum permitted length of lines in this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::getTokenAsEncodedWord() - Get a token as an encoded word for safe insertion into headers.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::initializeGrammar() - Initialize some RFC 2822 (and friends) ABNF grammar definitions.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setCachedValue() - Set a value into the cache.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setCharset() - Set the character set used in this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setEncoder() - Set the encoder used for encoding the header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setFieldName() - Set the name of this Header field.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setLanguage() - Set the language used in this Header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::setMaxLineLength() - Set the maximum length of lines in the header (excluding EOL).

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::tokenNeedsEncoding() - Test if a token needs to be encoded or not.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::toString() - Get this Header rendered as a RFC 2822 compliant string.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::toTokens() - Generate a list of all tokens in the final header.

 Swift_Mime_Headers_AbstractHeader::__toString() - Returns a string representation of this object.

		Documentation generated on Fri, 12 Nov 2010 20:45:26 +0000 by phpDocumentor 1.4.3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Over 400 successful events, giving our clients complete peace of mind.
Dammit Jack began when me and my two brothers started a wedding band over 10 years ago. Since then we have attending over 200 weddings and also regularly provide entertainment at parties, corporate events and festivals. We aim to exceed our clients expectations and our 5 star Facebook rating and continuous flow of referral bookings reflects this. If you are planning an event and would like an informal chat about your requirements, please click the link below to contact us. You can also check out our music by scrolling down the page.
– Howard Morritt , Dammit Jack Events Director.


How to Redirect Clickfunnels landing page to your Affiliate Offer Tutorial. This is part 2 of of 4 videos series setting up a marketing funnel campaign.
In this video I show you how to redirect your opt in visitor once they enter their email and request to be redirect to your product page or affiliate offer for more information. My affiliate offer is the Four Percent in this example.
My prior Video (Part 1) I set up three landing page variations for split testing. This tutorial walks you through the process of setting up you redirect in all three.
Don't forget to Like & Comment!


Showing results by author "Toby Devens"
Judith's struggles to fit in as a half-Korean, half-Jewish kid in a tough urban neighborhood. But music lessons gave her a purpose and passion. Then chaos strikes: Judith's first love, who dumped her decades ago, returns to dazzle her with his golden pedigree and brilliant career. Her long-absent father arrives out of the blue with a snazzy car and a con man's patter, turning her mother into a love-struck flirt whom Judith barely recognizes.


text:
Team Qatar
Qatar's Administrative Delegation Receives Residence of Sports Mission in Tokyo Olympic Village
Qatar's administrative delegation received the residence of the Qatari sports and administrative missions in the Olympic Village, which hosts all the delegations of the countries of the world participating in the 32nd Summer Olympic Games (Tokyo ..
Qatar's Amir expresses happiness over the historic achievements of Team Qatar in the Tokyo Olympics
The Amir, H H Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, has expressed his happiness over the historic achievements of Team Qatar athletes at the Tokyo Olympics. In a tweet, the Amir said: "We are pleased with the historic results that our team achiev..
HH Personal Representative of HH the Amir Welcome Champions of Tokyo Olympics
HH Personal Representative of HH the Amir, Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad Al-Thani, led the well-wishers to welcome Team Qatar Olympic mission (Al-Adaam), which was crowned two gold medals in high jump and weightlifting and a bronze medal in beach volleybal..
Team Qatar Reach the Final of the Arab Table Tennis Championships
Team Qatar has qualified to the final of the Arab Table Tennis Championships in Jordan, after defeating Egypt's Zamalek 3-2 in the semifinal played Sunday. The two team played strong competition before the Qatari team ends the game in his favo..
QOC President: Tokyo 2020 performance stepping stone for promising future
HE President of the Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC) Sheikh Joaan bin Hamad al-Thani stressed that Qatar's historic achievement in the 32nd Summer Olympic Games, Tokyo 2020, of winning two gold medals and a bronze medal, was the result of ..
HH the Amir Meets Team Qatar Champions at Tokyo 2020 Olympics
QNA HH the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani met at the Amiri Diwan on Thursday morning with Team Qatar Olympic mission (Al-Adaam), which was crowned two gold medals in high jump and weightlifting and a bronze medal in beach volleyball at Tokyo..
Qatar's Abdulqader wins shot put bronze at Paralympics 2020
Team Qatar Paralympian Abdulrahman Abdulqader won the bronze medal in the men's shot put F34 event at Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. Abdulqader (11.36m) finished in third place after Jordan's Ahmed Hindi won gold, and Morocco's Izz..
Team Qatar returns home from Paralympic 2020
Team Qatar Paralympic champions return home after participating in Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, and welcomed by QOC Secretary General. Qatar's Abdulrahman Abdulqader won the bronze medal in the men's shot put F34 event at Tokyo 2020 Paralympi..
HH the Amir Grants Al Wajbah Decoration to Paralympic Games Hero Abdulrahman Abdulqadir
HH the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani granted the hero Abdulrahman Abdulqadir Al Wajbah Decoration in recognition of his achievement by winning the bronze medal at the men's shot put competitions at Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. HH the Am..


Permanent RFID Bracelet for the Vaccinated?
NOTE: Oklahoma was one of the states that passed the Model State Health Emergency Powers Act in its entirety. View the act HERE. Check your own state law HERE. More info HERE.
Washington quietly mulls new quarantine regulations – do you have enough food stored?
The Obama administration is quietly dusting off an effort to impose new federal quarantine regulations, which were vigorously resisted by civil liberties organizations and the airline industry when the rules were first proposed by the Bush administration nearly four years ago.
White House officials aren't saying what their rules might ultimately require. But the previous administration proposed giving the federal government the authority to order a "provisional quarantine" of three business days — or up to six calendar days — for those suspected of having swine flu or other illnesses listed in a presidential executive order.
Have I stressed strongly enough that we need to STORE FOOD?
Go to my Surviving the Middle Class Crash site HERE to learn the basics about food storage. While you are there, peruse the site to gain all sorts of tips regarding growing your own food and making the transition to self-sufficiency. If you have any questions, contact me from the site and I will do my best to locate the information if I do not have it already.


Searching for a new sedan isn't that easy. There are many options to choose from between small or compact, midsize and full-size sedans. Small sedans are often very affordable and feature great mileage as well as the best available features. This 2017 Mazda3 vs 2017 Kia Forte comparison shows the differences between these two compact sedans.
The Mazda3 is a compact sedan and is the smallest vehicle offered from Mazda making it also the most affordable model. There are four different trim levels to choose from including Sport, Touring, Touring 2.5 and Grand Touring. While other compact sedans may lack when it comes to standard equipment, Mazda makes sure that its stylish and affordable Mazda3 offers just as many technology, safety and convenience features as its other models.
The Mazda3 and Kia Forte are powered by similar four-cylinder engines with the Mazda3 offering a little more horsepower. The 2017 Mazda3 also offers better fuel economy than the Forte, giving customers an affordable compact sedan with great fuel efficiency. The Mazda3 and Forte are very similar in size and both models also offer a hatchback model which extends the interior volume to provide buyers with more cargo area.
Compared to the Forte, the Mazda3 offers a long list of standard features on each available model. Customers will receive standard keyless ignition, a 7-inch touchscreen, Bluetooth, voice controls, and a 60/40 split rear seat on the base Sport model alone. Choosing any of the other available trims will add more technology and convenience features from a head-up display, heated mirrors, automatic windshield wipers, leather upholstery, driver assistance features and much more.
The 2017 Mazda3 is available now at Hall Mazda in Brookfield, WI near Milwaukee and Waukesha areas. Contact us today if you are interested in learning more about the Mazda3 or would like to schedule a test drive. Check out our website to see our available inventory of the 2017 Mazda3.


Subject: Your Arabo Grant Nomination Year End!
Your Arabo Grant Nomination Year End!
Download attached for your perusal.
This Email with the Subject "Your Arabo Grant Nomination Year End!" was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on Mon, 19 Nov 2018 16:15:34 -0500 and has been classified as a Generic Scam Email. The sender shows as "Notification ByGoogle"<notification-uk-Award@gpr-ltd.com>, although that address was probably spoofed. We recommend that you do not attempt to contact any persons or organizations referenced in this email, as you may expose yourself to scammers and, at the very least, you will be added to their email address lists for spam purposes.


text:
Kastel Penndinas
Pendennis Head, Falmouth, TR11 4LP
Email: southwest@english-heritage.org.uk
Web: www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/pendennis-castle
A fine and mighty fortress
King Henry VIII was so determined to prevent the French from attacking his shores he built a chain of castles all along the south coast. Pendennis, built in 1539, is part of that chain.
Sir John Killigrew (1516-1567) of Arwenack House was the first Governor of Pendennis Castle, it was situated on land within the Arwenack estate on the tip of a peninsula about one mile south-east of Arwenack House, and was appointed by King Henry VIII.
In 1598, during Elizabeth I's reign, a new type of defensive wall was added around the original fort. The castle was strengthened again in 1627 with more defences added prior to the Civil War and played host to the future Charles II in 1646, before he sailed to the Isles of Scilly. Under the command of Sir John Arundell and Sir William Killigrew (1606-1695), it then withstood 5 months of siege with a 1000 troops garrisoned inside, before becoming the penultimate Royalist garrison on the British mainland to surrender on the 17th August 1646.
During the First World War the castle formed part of a system of coastal batteries protecting Falmouth. Finally in 1956 the military moved out and the Ministry of Works took over to maintain the castle as an ancient monument.
Pendennis overlooks the mile-wide mouth of the River Fal. at the most westerly point where it was possible to anchor safely. It is difficult to imagine today, when visiting the popular holiday area of Cornwall, how wild and remote this beautiful part of the coast used to be.
But the massive walls, rambling rooms and stone staircases of Pendennis make it easy to imagine the scenes of bloody conflict 350 years ago.
An exhibition in the old gun room helps you experience almost at first hand the sights and sounds of a Tudor battle. And there are artefacts from the Second World War, when Pendennis was again called into action.
Noonday Gun is fired every day at noon during July and August. World War II Observation Post reconstruction shows how a warning of an enemy attack was given. And you can descend through secret underground tunnels to the big guns of Half Moon battery and take a guided tour of the underground magazines.
Pendennis Castle is now managed by English Heritage.
On the southern most edge of the town and almost completely surrounded by the sea.
22nd March - 30th September: Daily, 10.00am - 6.00pm
1st October - 31st March, 10.00am - 4.00pm (6.00pm/dusk in October)
Picnics welcome
Coffee shop; (normally open Summer season only)
Tape tour
Access for visitors in wheelchairs to grounds and part of keep
Souvenir guide available
Admission Charged
Launceston Castle Restormel Castle St. Mawes Castle Tintagel Castle Trematon Castle
Arwenack House Falmouth Cornwall's History English Heritage in Cornwall


Blizzard did not forget Hearthstone in it's BlizzCon 2014 plans. Changes to many existing cards are the rumored changes. The most popular being the Harvest Golem. In September, Blizzard stated that the next expansion for Hearthstone will hold over 100 new cards. My guess is that there will be a new balance update for the game along with a new expansion announced.
What do you think? for more Hearthstone news , keep it locked to Game Rampage!


Amended Standard Forms of Letters of Indemnity can be found here.
" X [name of the specific party] or to such party as you believe to be or to represent X or to be acting on behalf of X"
party. The wording suggested above is designed to ensure so far as possible, that if the Member believes that the party to whom physical delivery of the cargo is given is X or is acting on behalf of X, he can rely on the Letter of Indemnity.
(c) the Member now requires to be secured by the issuer in accordance with paragraph 3 of the Letter of Indemnity.
It is essential that this is done before the Member provides any security itself to the original claimant.
Reason: The Member may prejudice his right to demand and receive security under the Letter of Indemnity if he provides security to the claimant before making his own demand for security under Clause 3 of the Letter of Indemnity.
Members requiring further information should contact Nigel Carden (nigel.carden@thomasmiller.com or telephone +44 20 7204 2147).


text:
Mountain Town News: Trash cans a barometer of Sun Valley prosperity
Allen Best
Volunteers from the Friends of the Dillon Ranger District and from Copper Mountain Resort spent the day Friday building new trail sections thru some wetland areas on the Shrine Ridge Trail above the top of Vail Pass.
Bill Linfield / Special to the Daily |
KETCHUM, Idaho – The economy has continued to improve in the Ketchum/Sun Valley area. The evidence? Trash.
"Who would know better than the guy who's going up and down the alleys and emptying the trash cans," says Paul Kenny, a commercial real estate agent in Ketchum. Kenny told the Idaho Mountain Express that he consults a local trash company owner about trash volumes. Just how much trash volume has increased, however, he apparently didn't say.
Who's your mother if you're out on the river?
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, Colo. — Can you imagine what people put in the Yampa River? Entire boxes of fishing hooks, writes Samantha Hope in a letter published in Steamboat Today, plus underwear ("gross," she says), shoes, empty beer cans and plenty of other trash.
"Mother Nature is not your mother, folks," she writes. "It's our responsibility to take care of her, not only for ourselves but also for future generations."
Guy leaves two dogs in SUV on a hot afternoon
PARK CITY, Utah — So what sort of guy would leave his two golden retrievers parked in a car as the temperature rises above 90? That's what happened, and the dogs were panting but did not succumb to the heat. The owner, however, was charged with cruelty to animals and the dogs were confiscated and given to the man's ex-wife, reports The Park Record.
Jasper hosts delegates from Japanese sibling
JASPER, Alberta — Jasper recently hosted a delegate from Hakone, Japan, a sister city. The relationship was forged in the 1970s when Japanese tourists were frequent visitors to Jasper. Now, not so much, but the sibling relationship continues, now forged in a cultural exchange. Hakone is a city 80 kilometers southwest of Tokyo, in the center of Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.
Epic Pass now includes Australia's largest resort
BROOMFIELD, Colo. — Vail Resorts last week completed the deal to buy the largest ski area in Australia. The 3,100-acre Perisher Ski Resort is located relatively close to Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities, and cost the company $134.8 million. Rob Katz, the chief executive, said the purchase will "deepen ties with one of our most important international markets," and is intended to drive sales of the company's Epic Pass. Obviously, it also gives the company a stronger year-round revenue stream as well as a year-round skiing product.
Aspen's carbon cuts big, but short of goal
ASPEN, Colo. — Glass half-full or half-empty? Aspen's city government in 2005 set out to dramatically shrink its carbon footprint. As of last year, it had reduced emissions by 7.4 percent as compared to 2004.
That's pretty good, considering that Aspen's economy has grown 22 percent during that time span, as measured by total taxable retail sales, even after adjustment for inflation. The town's population increased by 5.5 percent.
But the gains fall short of what the Canary Initiative, Aspen's climate action plan, called for. That 2005 document called for a 30 percent reduction of community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and an even larger reduction at mid-century.
Ashley Perl, the director of the Canary Initiative, said that meeting the reduction targets will require "bold policy decisions and constant commitment from all members of the community." She identified the need for reduced use of natural gas in heating buildings, reduced use of private automobiles, and increased renewable energy for production of electricity.
How long does it take to create a new water plant?
TELLURIDE, Colo. — It took 20 years, but Telluride now has a new water treatment plant. The plant doubles the water supply for the town, and Mayor Stu Fraser explains that the water could come in handy in case of a major fire.
"The amount of water needed to put out a large structure fire, roughly one million gallons, would have exhausted our supply had the town relied upon the previous water treatment plant, leaving residents with dry faucets."
But as part of the town's efforts to reduce its carbon footprint, Telluride also placed a microhydro system into the Pandora Water Treatment Plant, converting the power of water running into the plant into electricity. The plant can provide enough power to satisfy roughly 200 houses.
After taking its time, Gunnison allows pot
GUNNISON, Colo. — Gunnison has taken its time, but now it has opened the door to the sale of cannabis for recreational purposes.
The Crested Butte News reports that the college town, located 27 miles down-valley from Crested Butte, decided to take its time to see how other communities handled sales.
"One of my original concerns was that allowing legal marijuana establishments would change the reputation or tenor of our community," said Mayor Richard Hagan. "But asking around in other places that have done it, they didn't feel that was the case."
One issue was where the stores should be allowed and how many. Unlike Crested Butte, which capped the number of stores at four, Gunnison decided to let the free market sort it out.
Another issue was where to locate the stores. Early on, city officials thought the stores should be tucked into an industrial area. But Hagan says that he remembers somebody saying that any 14-year-old with a cell phone could find a store, no matter where it is.
"That plus the fact that keeping young people away would more likely be accomplished if the (stores) were in a higher profile setting as opposed to tucked away in an industrial zone made me sort of change my mind in some respects."
But Gunnison does have rules: no pot leaves are allowed on business signs. And stores near churches cannot be open on Sunday mornings.
How long is too long in county courthouse?
TELLURIDE, Colo. — A Democratic Party activist in San Miguel County is passing around a petition that he hopes will cap the terms of county commissioners at eight years altogether.
Brian Ahern tells the Telluride Daily Planet that the power of incumbency discourages others from running for office. One of the current commissioners, Joan May, says that she thinks three terms would be better, because "it takes one term to get up to speed."
Art Goodtimes, who has been a county commissioner since the 1990s, says term limits thwart democracy.
"I think the ballot box ought to be the term limit," he said. "Why would you artificially stop someone who's doing a good job from continuing doing that job?" he asked. "It sounds like change for change's sake. Yes, a powerful incumbent who's doing a good job is tough to beat, and that's the way it ought to be."
Incidentally, all the county commissioners are Democrats except Goodtimes, a member of the Green Party.


The Natural Selection: The Natural Selection.
To celebrate this year's Auckland Festival of Photography Black Asterisk is staging a small photography exhibition in the main room. The works within The Natural Selection are connected through the theme of nature, with contributions from five photographers associated with the gallery. Tammy Williams' fearsome handprint 'Et Tu Brutus?' is shown below. Emma Bass contributes work from her successful series Imperfect II (more of which is on view upstairs for the duration of the Photography Festival). Cathy Carter, who has exhibited here previously during the festival, is revealing her latest organic themed work from her recent Masters show, alongside a piece by Stuart Broughton. Victoria James' botanical series Confined Commodity also features.
The Natural Selection runs, as part of our General Sales season, from Thursday June 6 to Wednesday June 19.


text:
Edward John Konop Sr.
Edward John Konop, Sr.
Edward John Konop, Sr. entered eternal rest with the Lord on Monday, December 6, 2021 at the age of 86. Edward, known as Ed or Eddie to family and friends, was surrounded by his children when he passed peacefully.
Ed was born in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin on December 13, 1934 to the late Dr. Edward Joseph and Anne Esther Konop (nee Simon). Ed was young when his father passed away and moved with his family to Texas, first settling in Marshall and then San Antonio. Ed gained lifelong friendships while a student at Central Catholic High School in San Antonio. After high school, Ed served two years with the United States Army.
Ed earned his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering in 1959 at the University of Texas at Austin, where he met his wife of 53 years, Rita Mays Konop. Ed and Rita were joined in matrimony on the campus of the University of Texas at St. Austin's Catholic Church in 1958.
An advocate of continuing education, Ed earned a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering at Southern Methodist University as well as an Executive Master of Business Administration at Pepperdine University.
Ed commenced his Electrical Engineering career with General Dynamics in Fort Worth and then Milwaukee. After accepting a position with Texas Instruments, Ed and Rita moved to Richardson, where Rita kissed the ground upon their arrival back to Texas! In 1968, Ed was selected to be on the inaugural team at the new Texas Instruments facility in Austin.
In his 30 years with Texas Instruments, Ed was integral in many groundbreaking "firsts" in 1970's emergence of computerized commerce. He led the Texas Instruments team in implementation of the Sears computerized sales and diagnostic systems, the Holiday Inn computerized reservation systems, the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Olympic Games computerized scoreboards, as well as the development of the first US Military electronic communication devices.
In retirement, Ed and Rita traveled all parts of Europe, Canada, and Mexico and drove their RV throughout the United States. They split their residence between Austin and Port Isabel, where both Ed and Rita enjoyed endless days of fishing and the surf.
Ed was an avid University of Texas supporter, with affiliations including membership of the University of Texas Chancellor's Council, Littlefield Society, Longhorn Foundation, as well as being a lifetime member of the Texas Exes Association. Appropriately, Ed's last moments of cognition were watching a rebroadcast of a Longhorn football game.
Seeking ways to serve, Ed was a volunteer fire fighter, Boy Scout leader, and committed Band Booster leader when his five children were in band. Ed also enjoyed facilitating many athletics events for the Special Olympics.
Ed cherished his faith and believed in serving the Catholic Church through volunteer efforts. He was on the St. Austin's Parish Council as the treasurer. Ed was a Fourth Degree in the Knights of Columbus, held the office of Guard, and was the Special Olympics Chairman for the Knights of Columbus Council #9997, St. Maximilian Kolbe Assembly #2767. Prior to this, Ed was named Knight of the Year and Family of the Year through Knights of Columbus, Council #3412. Through the Knights of Columbus, Ed immersed in the core principles of Charity, Unity, Fraternity, and Patriotism embraced by his fellow members at St. Thomas More Catholic Church.
Ed was preceded in death by his parents, his wife and his siblings, Patricia Konop O'Dean and Helen Korinek Debner.
He is survived by his five children, their spouses and ten grandchildren: Kathryn and husband Peter Rostow and daughter Diana; Edward, Jr. (Butch) and wife Lynn Konop and children Edward, III, Anthony, and Margaret Azalea; Lucy, M.D. and husband Gustavo Villarreal, M.D. and children Joseph and Emma; Sandra and husband Michael Legieza and children Ashley and Michael; Robin and husband William Winter, III and children Hannah and Abigail. "Uncle Eddie" also has many nieces and nephews in Texas and Wisconsin.
The Konop family is eternally grateful to the Homewatch CareGivers of Georgetown for providing a beautiful homelife for Ed in his house in Austin during these past three years. The family would also like to thank Dr. John Sandbach and his team at Texas Oncology and Dr. John R. Boyd for their many years of compassionate, dedicated service to both Ed and Rita.
Funeral arrangements are being handled by Cook-Walden Chapel of the Hills Funeral Home in Austin with a vigil on Thursday, December 16 at 6:30PM followed by the Holy Rosary at 7:30PM. Mass of Resurrection at St. Thomas More Catholic Church in Austin will be Friday, December 17 at 10:30AM. Interment will follow at the St. James Catholic Cemetery in Seguin at 2:30PM. The Knights of Columbus, Council #9997, Assembly St. Maximilian Kolbe, will honor and salute Ed throughout the vigil and funeral service.
In lieu of flowers, please send donations to the Alzheimer's Foundation of America and the American Cancer Society.
Edward Joseph
Rita Mays Konop


David Macbride, a longtime professor at the University of Hartford's Hartt School, a composer and a community builder was found dead Friday morning, a Hartt dean said Saturday.
Macbride, 66, lived in Bloomfield and taught for decades at the Hartt School, which he had attended as a student, according to Dean Larry Alan Smith. Macbride was a professor of composition and musical theory, and he wrote numerous works, ranging from solo, chamber and orchestral music to music for film, TV, dance and theater, with an emphasis on percussion, according to his biography on the school website.
Smith said that he had few details on Macbride's unexpected death, but that he received a call from one of Macbride's family members Saturday morning notifying him of the death.
Macbride will be remembered as a gentle, grounded and genuine person, Smith said. Macbride was known internationally for his musical work, but in the artford area he was a community builder and very involved in the school, he said.
"Such a gentle person and a loving person, his demeanor drew those words out of people," Smith said.
Macbride grew up in Berkley, Calif., attended the University of Hartford, and then earned his doctorate at Columbia University in New York City. He has taught composers in addition to creating his own work, Smith said.
His compositions have been performed in the U.S. and abroad.
Macbride's community-building efforts reached to Elizabeth Park, Smith said, where he hosted various events.
Macbride was respected among staff and students, Smith said, and his loss will be tough for the school community.
Macbride is survived by two adult children, Jimmy Macbride of New York City and Alma Macbride of Cambridge, Mass. Services have not been announced, though the school community will hold a moment of silence Saturday night in honor of Macbride's unexpected death. A tribute at the school has not been organized yet.


The recognition of a child for his/her achievements is very important. ADARSH SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, TOSHAM offers a variety of academic and non-academic prizes to the achievers in different fields. Children are awarded prizes for achievements in inter-house, school function; inter school competitions, sports and games.


text:
Cryphia medioalba är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Embrik Strand 1921. Cryphia medioalba ingår i släktet Cryphia och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
medioalba

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Youtube Autosearch with individual output v2 to v3 upgrade I got the following problem I want to upgrade the old version2 Youtube autosearch script to version3 but can't figure out what I do exactly wrong need some help. It gives out this failure message:
test.php:27 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'items' of undefined
    at Object.success (test.php:27)
    at j (jquery-latest.min.js:2)
    at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (jquery-latest.min.js:2)
    at x (jquery-latest.min.js:4)
    at XMLHttpRequest.b (jquery-latest.min.js:4)

This is my code so far only replaced the url and used api key. But every time I keydown on the input field, it prints out the above error.
<input id="searchquery" />

A: After debugging your code using JS Fiddle, here what I have discovered.
I have tried to log the response of json obj:
{
etag: ""XI7nbFXulYBIpL0ayR_gDh3eu1k/Ou9EhMuIjRoTlkkxhthG81p96AE""
items: (5) [{…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}]
kind: "youtube#searchListResponse"
nextPageToken: "CAUQAA"
pageInfo: {totalResults: 1000000, resultsPerPage: 5}
regionCode: "PH"
}

This means your json.data.items will be undefined because there's no property data inside the object.
Try to change you code to json.items. This will fix your error.
I would like to suggest if you encountered another error, try to debug your code using Chrome dev tools or using console.log.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Though the ocean is within couple hours' drive of Orlando in either direction, visitors who don't want to leave the city may feel land-locked. The designers of Disney World provided guests with numerous options for sandy water-side fun within a few minutes of all the Disney theme parks. Though swimming is prohibited at these beaches, a wide range of other activities provide plenty of entertainment. Guests to select Disney World resorts have access to these exclusive beaches right in Orlando.
Bay Lake is adjacent to Disney's Magic Kingdom park. The Fort Wilderness Resort and Campgrounds, Wilderness Lodge and Contemporary have soft white-sand beaches along the lake. Marina rentals, fishing excursions and cruises are available for fun on the water. In the evenings, movies under the stars are held on the beach with comfortable beach chairs arranged around a water-side movie screen. These beaches are excellent viewing spots for the nightly Electric Water Pageant as well. The pageant is composed of two strings of water barges. Each of the 14 barges holds a 25-foot display of moving lights. The pageant passes the Wilderness Lodge at 9:35, Fort Wilderness at 9:45 and the Contemporary at 10:10.
The Seven Seas Lagoon connects to Bay Lake and sits directly in front of the Magic Kingdom. The Polynesian and Grand Floridian resorts have white sand beaches on the Seven Seas Lagoon. The Polynesian's beach, with plentiful hammocks and lounge chairs, offers an especially clear view of Magic Kingdom fireworks. Guests who want to get on the water can go wakeboarding, waterskiing or tubing behind a speedboat. Movies under the stars are held on these beaches after dark. The Electrical Water Pageant can be viewed from the Polynesian's beach at 9 p.m. and from the Grand Floridian's beach at 9:15.
Coronado Springs is located near Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios. This resort has a sandy beach along the shores of Lago Dorado. Lago Dorado's beach has ample hammocks and lounge chairs ideal for a lazy day in the sun. Guests who want to get on the water can rent kayaks or Sea Ray Sea Raycers.
Barefoot Bay is accessible only to Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort. This beach features an expansive playground right on the sand for young visitors. This play area, known as Caribbean Cay, spans an entire acre. Canoes, pontoon boats, pedal boats, sailboats and Sea Ray Sea Raycer rentals are available on Barefoot Bay.
The beaches along Crescent Lake are exclusive to Disney's Yacht and Beach Club Resort. Guests lounging on this soft sandy beach have views of the Boardwalk. Volleyball courts are located on the beach. Pontoon boat and Sea Ray Sea Raycer rentals are available on Crescent Lake as well as guided fishing excursions. For those anxious for a dip in the water, the Stormalong Bay water park is located beside the beach and features a sand-bottomed pool for the authentic feel of soaking in the sea.
Rogier, Mandi. "Beaches Near Disney World in Orlando, Florida." Travel Tips - USA Today, https://traveltips.usatoday.com/beaches-near-disney-world-orlando-florida-42755.html. Accessed 21 April 2019.


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Boots Are Optional But Attending the Barn Bash Is a Must!
It's that time of year again! Time to grab your cowboy boots, best hats and best friends and purchase your tickets for the 2019 Barn Bash. For a night out in support of teachers, schools and students, join us on Nov. 9, 2019, for Zionsville Education Foundation's (ZEF) Annual Barn Bash at the Golf Club of Indiana.
What Is ZEF?
Did you know that Zionsville Community Schools is the lowest-funded public school corporation per student in the state? The funds raised by ZEF are used to help bridge the gap between the basic curricular necessities provided by the state funds and the innovative ideas our educators create to encourage our students to develop into lifelong thinkers.
ZEF relies on corporate sponsors, individual donations, support from local businesses and fundraising events, such as its annual Barn Bash, to support its mission. The funds that are donated and/or raised are used to award grants to ZCS teachers that are categorized as: Classroom Grants, Imagine Professional Development Grants and Student Enrichment Grants.
Each year, ZEF accepts applications for these grants as well as ZEF's Donors Choose Matching Funds program that is made possible through a generous grant from the Community Foundation of Boone County. ZEF provides matching funds to ZCS educators raising funds for an educational project through DonorsChoose.org.
A few of last year's grant recipients shared what they have done with their grant money and the importance of supporting ZEF from an educator's perspective.
Allison Spillman, Literacy Coach at Stonegate Elementary: Promoting Cultural Understandings Through Literature
"In Zionsville, our classroom populations historically have been homogenous, but the landscape of our student population is changing," Spillman shared. "ZCS is fortunate to have students whose families speak 52 different languages as part of our school community, and we have students who come from many diverse cultures. Stonegate Elementary alone has students whose families speak 14 different languages. The diversity in our community is growing. Unfortunately, the availability of children's books with multicultural characters is limited."
Spillman added, "When ZEF funded my grant, they provided between seven and 10 books for the classroom libraries in every K-4 classroom at Stonegate Elementary. By reading literature with diverse characters, topics and settings, students will develop cultural understandings, one of the domains of the Strong in Every Way initiative. This promotes civility and citizenship and helps students be able to interact positively and thrive in a diverse society and world."
Andy Knueven, Fifth-Grade Math and Science at ZWEST: Sync Our Students with Digital Ink
"I received this grant in fall 2018, which has 100% revitalized my classroom instruction," Knueven shared. "Students are given the choice to utilize the digital drawing tablets, as writing by hand helps the brain connect with the material at a greater level. Last winter, students used the tablets to digitally design their Rube Goldberg projects, which I was able to access digitally too with my ZEF-supported iPad to provide feedback, and we could both access their digital notebooks at the same time."
Knueven continued, "ZEF grants and support in the classroom is one main reason why our classrooms stand out compared to any other district or school corporation. I love hearing, encouraging and coaching new hires or others who are interested in finding ways to believe in themselves that a ZEF grant is possible to enhance the learning experience and opportunity for each of our students. There are so many amazing supporters to ZEF, but the annual Barn Bash provides an opportunity to unite as a whole, celebrate all our schools, their teachers and most importantly, our students' futures. Our families typically only see what occurs within their child's school, but the ZEF Barn Bash allows the community to see the magic that is occurring across our district's classrooms to feed our students' minds to pursue excellence in whatever passions they may have."
Kelsey Buckley (Library Media Specialist) and Emily Wleklinski (Sixth-Grade Humanities) at ZMS: Exploring the Stories of Readers, Writers and Historians
"Our project, Exploring the Stories of Readers, Writers and Historians, impacted nearly 1,200 students at ZMS through the purchase of novels and multiple presentations by Alan Gratz, a well-known author who has perfected the art of developing the stories of his characters in historical events. Through the novel studies and author visit, students learned how writers develop the human voices and narratives of the events they read about in their history textbooks. This project promoted academic excellence by providing high-interest reading and writing experiences that address state standards across multiple curriculum areas and grade levels."
Elementary STEM Team—Lead Grant Writer Kara Benson (Boone Meadow) for the Elementary STEM Team with Assistance from Other STEM Coaches: Molly Haas (Eagle), Amy Brandau (Pleasantview), Jen Skura (Stonegate), Trish Brimmer (Union)—K-4 STEM (Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Lessons, Robotics, and Coding): Robotics for Newbies
"ZEF is integral to the success of STEM instruction in our elementary schools. While our science and engineering classroom supplies are provided by the school district directly, there is not a budget for robotics equipment. Nearly 100% of our robotics equipment K-4 has been funded by ZEF throughout the years, as have other smaller components of our elementary STEM program. The educators and youth in our community are lucky to have ZEF supporting us.
"STEM and robotics aren't the only pieces of ZEF's mission. They also contribute to and make possible dream projects, innovative classroom initiatives and other vital programs in our schools. We couldn't do what we do in ZCS without a partner like ZEF. We need the community support. Contributing to ZEF and attending the Barn Bash and other fundraising events is not only fun, but it makes a difference for our kids. Thank you, ZEF! Thank you, Zionsville!"
What's New at This Year's Barn Bash?
This year's Barn Bash co-chairs, Amy Essley and Kim Lewis, shared what attendees can expect at this year's Barn Bash.
"We've always had VIP tickets, but this year we are doing it [VIP] a little bit different," Lewis said. "We are going to have a VIP reception an hour before the doors open to the general ticket holders. VIPs will enjoy an open bar, appetizers and Chad Collyer—a professional magician/mind reader—who is so much fun and is kindly donating his time for this event."
Lewis credited the Golf Club of Indiana for their support of ZEF's growing event and thanked them for their accommodating services. She also mentioned that this year's fundraiser will feature Big Roscoe as the night's musical entertainment. There will be a silent/online auction in addition to a live auction at the event featuring some incredible items and experiences.
Essley added, "There will be a wine and gift card pull. We've purposely made it [the fundraiser] more of a party-like atmosphere versus a sit-down formal dinner. People can mix and mingle, dance and bid on auction items and participate in the 'Cap Off the Night' that we do at the end of the night, and anyone who makes a minimum of a $50 donation gets a hat. It's become a tradition and a way to continue sharing the ZEF message throughout the year. Plus, people look forward to having a new [ZEF] hat every year."
Essley concluded, "It is the most fun fundraiser you will go to. It's very social, and people are grazing and socializing and dancing and having fun. If you're new to town, this is a great place to meet a lot of parents from the community. It's not a stuffy fundraiser at all, so bring your boots and your cowboy hats and come ready to have a good time!"
For more information and to purchase tickets for Barn Bash 2019, visit zionsvilleeducationfoundation.org.
Janelle Morrison
Courtesy of ZEF
Tags Barn Bash 2019 Golf Club of Indiana ZCS ZEF Zionsville Community Schools Zionsville Education Foundation
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Urban Honolulu has lost 76,000 trees in the last four years, aerial survey finds
By Ben Gutierrez
Updated: Apr. 15, 2019 at 4:33 PM HST
HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - Trees give shelter, cooling shade and help the environment, especially in urban areas like downtown Honolulu.
But a survey from the U.S. Forest Service says the urban Honolulu area has lost more than 76,000 trees during a four-year period.
The big loss in numbers is one of the reasons a group of volunteers headed to Kaimuki District Park on Monday morning. Their mission was not just to count the trees, but to help in an effort to get more trees planted and cared for.
"What we're looking for is counting the trees, the condition, and more importantly, where can we plant more trees in the future," said Daniel Dinnell, executive director of Trees for Honolulu's Future.
The survey from the U.S. Forest Service used light detection technology and high definition aerial photographs over the Urban Honolulu area, comparing the number of trees from 2010 to 2013. Dinnell found the results alarming.
"So Honolulu has lost 76,000 trees in the last four years," said Dinnell. "It's just development, and it's the idea of 'just one tree and it's OK.' But altogether adding it up, it's a big impact."
One of the maps from the survey showed a large loss of tree canopy in the Kapolei area due to development just north of Kalaeloa Airport.
The city's Urban Forestry Division says there are tree planting requirements for new developments in certain areas, including replacing trees.
The city administration also has announced plans to plant 100,000 trees by 2025, and to increase the urban canopy coverage from the current 25 percent to 35 percent by 2035.
The on-the-ground surveys by volunteers is meant to help.
"The city's inventory is probably outdated and we're going to hand over our data to the city, and they can use that to determine where we need more trees for future planting, and which neighborhoods are lacking," said Naomi Fein, the urban forestry citizen science supervisor for the group Kupu.
"The urban canopy, the amount of trees, is reducing over time. And it's really from development and the removal of trees, and we're trying to measure where we are, then improve," said Dinnell.