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Podcast S2 E4 | 23 min
Do You Dream What I Dream?
An anthropologist investigates what unites and distinguishes the human universal of dreaming.
Anthropologist Roger Lohmann sees a ghost in a dream while working in Papua New Guinea. Even though he knows it's just a dream, he's scared long after he wakes up. To make sense of his dream, Lohmann explores the role dreams play in our waking life and how different cultures make sense of dream worlds. Do all humans dream the same? Or do the cultures we are immersed in shape our dreams? Lohmann has six cultural dream theories that offer some answers to what dreams are and what they mean.
Roger Lohmann is a professor of anthropology at Trent University, where he specializes in religion, cultural change, and cultural dream theory. Follow him on Twitter @rogerlohmann.
Read Lohmann's article at SAPIENS: "The Night I Was Attacked by a Ghost." And for more, check out an essay about Islamic dream culture: "Do Dreams Give Voice to the Divine?"
SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human is part of the American Anthropological Association Podcast Library.
Read a transcript of this episode
Roger Lohmann: I hope the sound is OK. I'll go ahead.
So, the day was January 5, 1995. I was at Yakob Village in the center of New Guinea island doing ethnographic research with the Asabano people. And it was late in the night, just before dawn, and I had a dream. We were burying my sister, Sue, who had died decades before (when I was a little boy). But by this point, I was pretty grown up. It was very strange. I was there, and we were burying her. And then something even stranger happened, which is, she appeared as this really frightening ghost and started harassing me. I'd never felt threatened or afraid of my sister before or of ghosts. In fact, I woke up and I thought, I don't even believe in ghosts! Yet I still feel afraid. And, in fact, I was still a little worried that a ghost might appear even after I was awake.
Jen: Chip, what did we just hear?
Chip: So that was a man named Roger Lohmann, and he was talking about an experience that he had years ago in Papua New Guinea.
Jen: Right, he had a really scary dream. I got that much.
Chip: But there's something else going on here too, right? Like, Roger is a white guy like me. And typically, in our white Euro-American culture, adults aren't that afraid of ghosts.
Jen: But, why? I mean if you have a terrifying dream and it feels real, why, culturally, do we talk ourselves down and say, It's just a dream?
Chip: Our ideas about these things are shaped by people like Carl Jung. He was one of the most influential European psychologists of all time.
Lara Newton: So, the goal that Jungian analysis has for working with dreams is basically a goal of connecting who we are consciously with that other side of ourselves that we're not familiar with—the unconscious side.
Chip: This is Lara Newton. She's a Jungian analyst who interprets dreams and authored a book on brother-sister relationships. We called Lara to get a better understanding of how someone like Roger would normally interpret the dream he described earlier.
Lara: There seems to be some sort of conflict going on in his psyche: the conflict between his conscious position and information that possibly got stirred up from the work that he was doing in New Guinea. The dream is not about spirits in the Asabano people. The dream is about a spirit in his own psyche.
Jen: What I'm hearing is that for Lara, and the Jungian school of thought, this dream is about Roger's conscious and unconscious minds. That's one interpretation based on a European cultural context. But what I wonder, Chip, is why was Roger's dream so frightening for him? Which brings me to an even bigger question, why do we dream what we dream?
Chip: I actually know the perfect person to ask.
Jen: I'm Jen.
Chip: I'm Chip.
Jen: And we're the hosts of SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human.
[SAPIENS intro]
Chip: In addition to being such a provocative dreamer, Roger also happens to be an anthropologist at Trent University, where he specializes in religion, cultural change, and cultural dream theory.
I called Roger at his home in Ontario.
Roger: Hi, Chip.
Chip: Hi, Roger. How's it going?
Roger: Oh, it's going pretty well.
Chip: Before we jumped into our conversation on dream interpretation, I played him a recording of Lara's analysis.
My first question is, what did you think of that interpretation?
Roger: Well, it sounded like a pretty typically Jungian analysis. I thought it was useful in that it pointed to certain things that I think dreams do do. That is, when we're looking at our dreams, we can see things happening in our mind that we might not have expected. That's a useful kind of interpretation, but it's only one. I guess we could say it's the tip of the iceberg. There are so many different aspects of what's happening in dreaming. And I think we need more than one theory to actually fully explain dreams.
Chip: Since Roger had that dream about his sister in Papua New Guinea, he's written extensively about dreaming and edited a 2003 book, Dream Travelers: Sleep Experiences and Culture in the Western Pacific. He recently wrote a piece about his whole experience for SAPIENS.org, and we're going to put a link to it in the show notes of this episode.
Roger: I've come up with a paradigm, a list of six different types of cultural dream theories that that we find in the ethnographic records. So, that is, what kinds of theories anthropologists have documented among various peoples. And if I can list them right now, they are briefly "nonsense theory"—
Sound FX. Nonsense theory
Roger: and this is the theory that dreams are just imaginary stuff coming from our own mind that doesn't necessarily mean anything.
Chip: OK, so number one is "nonsense theory."
Roger: That's right. Number two is "discernment theory."
Sound FX. Discernment theory
Roger: And that's the idea that dreaming is a heightened perception of reality, that what we see in dreams is somehow giving us an insight that we couldn't get about reality from ordinary waking life.
A third kind of theory is "message theory"—
Sound FX. You've got mail. Message theory.
Roger: and this is the idea that dreams are messages. A fourth is "generative theory."
Sound FX. Generative theory
Roger: This is an idea that dreams have a kind of magical power. That is, if you dream something, that makes it happen.
Chip: And the fifth?
Roger: Fifth is "soul travel theory."
Sound FX. Soul travel theory
Roger: And this is the idea that what we see in dreaming is what the soul sees as it travels outside the body. And the sixth kind of cultural dream theory is "visitation theory."
Sound FX. Visitation theory
Roger: And this is the idea that what we see in dreams are visitations from, typically, spirit beings. So, the people you see in dreams are spirit beings coming to see you.
Chip: To be clear, are these types of ways of dreaming, or are these six types of interpreting those dreams that happen in different cultural contexts around the world?
Roger: That's a really interesting and perceptive question because the two are intimately connected, I would say. You can't always separate the interpretation of the dream from the dream itself.
That's not to say that it's not possible to have a dream and then think, What did that mean? Oh, maybe this was a symbol for something, and I hadn't thought about that at the time. That is possible. But there is a, what some anthropologists would call, a pre-interpretation that's happening while we're dreaming. Because if I believe that my dream is a visit from God, the dream is going to have a very different character than if I believe my dream is just my random fantasizing.
And dreams are not unusual in this regard. Just about everything in our experience is like that. And that's one of the great contributions of anthropology, I think, to understanding humans is we realize we can't just assume that people are the same in their experience of the world whether awake or asleep. They are understanding reality quite often fundamentally differently, depending on their cultural model of what reality is.
Chip: Does this group of theories, then, help us understand the dream that you had?
Roger: Yeah, I think you could use it in a various number of ways. One way would be simply to try and analyze my reaction to it. And in my SAPIENS article, I talked about how my reaction was not what I expected it should be because my normal waking belief at that time was the "nonsense theory." Dreams are imaginary nonsense, nothing to worry about. But my actual reaction, my visceral reaction, even after I woke up, was to be afraid of this. And so, what that tells me is that we humans can have more than one cultural dream theory going on in our heads at the same time, and one can be the dominant official version. But then there can be multiple other ones that are going on lurking beneath the surface.
Chip: OK, so you had two different dream theories competing in your brain, and you had this visceral experience with your sister. What did you make of this as an anthropologist?
Roger: Immediately, my anthropological mind kicked in. So, I started thinking, What could this say to me about what's really happening? And at that time, I didn't have the same understanding of dreams that I do now. But I was still willing to take it as telling me something about cultures combining in my mind, because the Asabano people have been talking about how dead people are to be feared—that there are ghosts—and that had been something that hadn't been part of my conscious reality for years (at least not since I had been a real little kid, when people do tend to believe in ghosts, stories, and so on). So, I started to think that this is shedding a light on how, depending on what you believe about dreams, the nature of the dream is going to be quite different.
Chip: Do you have a sense at all of how this dream could be interpreted by the community that you lived in in Papua New Guinea?
Roger: Sure. I mean it would depend really on which person you talked to. Of course, as we know in anthropology, there's so much cultural variation in what people believe and how they react to things, even in one small community! In this case, the Asabano people, there's only about 200 in all. Even in a small community like that, I found plenty of diversity. So, one person would have a favorite theory in interpreting his dreams, and another would have another.
Chip: So, there's no, like, unified theory of dreaming, even in this community?
Roger: That's right. I would say that we see several different dream theories were circulating.
Chip: Like "soul travel theory," for example?
Roger: For someone who would subscribe to that theory, they would see this experience as having been my soul having traveled to the afterworld, where it met up with my sister, who was behaving as she was for unknown reasons. One possibility that I think Asabano people would likely think of would be that she was trying to scare me to death, basically, because—
Chip: like, literally scare you to death?
Roger: That's right, because many of them believe that the dead want us to die—because then we'll be reunited. So, on one hand, our dead ancestors and family members love us, they care about us, but they also miss us. And so, they might want our deaths in some situations. So that might be one interpretation, but there would be a number of others. It could be seen as, for example, a message from the Holy Spirit. The Asabano were recent converts to Christianity at that time, and they might have thought that this was a message that I should adopt Christianity to protect myself from demons or what have you. So, there would be various possible explanations.
Chip: And that's like a change, then. This is kind of the way in which as cultures change, the interpretations of dreams also change. And so, is that pointing, then, to the relationship between culture writ large and dreaming?
Roger: Yes, and I think you've really hit on something vital here. On one hand, there's the sort of obvious aspect of this. If you believe a certain thing about dreaming, that dream is going to affect you differently than if you believe something else. So, for example, if I believe that dreams are spirit visits, I'm going to react very differently to that dream than if I believe that dreams are just my inner psyche dealing with conflicts in life, you know? So that's the more surface-y insight, I think, about the relationship between dreams and culture—culture being learned knowledge about the world.
But then the deeper, and more interesting in my view, scientific discovery about the relationship between dreams and culture is that we now know that dreams are actually depicting scenes of our past memories and our more recent memories juxtaposed.
And this is the brain's trying to sort through new experiences and make sense of them, and to update our cultural models of reality.
From that point of view, we can see that dreams actually are culture, that it's, when we are watching a dream, we're seeing the process of culture being made and updated in our own brains, and it's happening without our permission. You know, this is an autonomic process, like our heart beating blood or our intestines absorbing nutrients.
The sounds of someone sleeping.
Then a computer voice saying, "Enter sleep mode. Culture updating."
And then the sound of someone hitting an alarm and waking up/getting out of bed. And then, "Update complete."
Chip: Speaking with Roger gave me a lot to consider about my own experiences as a human, an anthropologist, and a dreamer. I, for one, don't remember my dreams—which I'm guessing is the case for some, or even a lot, of you, our listeners. That doesn't mean I don't dream. It's just that, when I wake up, my dreams are not something I'm thinking about. But what I'm hearing from Roger is that even if we're not aware of it, our dreams may be actively shaping our understanding of the world around us—helping to explain the things we're experiencing. In fact, that's how Roger started studying dreams in the first place.
Roger: I've been interested since the beginning of my career in anthropology in the distinction between imaginary and real. I was very curious about the supernatural world. Why people do believe in these things anyway? Going right back to the beginning of anthropology, Edward Burnett Tylor, in the early 1870s, proposed that people believe in spirits and gods because they see dreams in which they see, for example, dead people still alive. And then they think, Well, I must have witnessed, say, my dead relative is still alive. And so therefore they believe in these things.
Chip: If we think about the biggest question of where does religion come from, you're saying Tylor is suggesting that it's actually dreaming that played a central role in the origins of, you know, all belief in gods and spirits in the afterlife and then everything beyond us?
Roger: That's right. So that was one of his big ideas. I would say that's, of course, not enough to explain religion. There's a lot more happening than that! But that is one important aspect that I've traced through not only dreaming but other kinds of experience.
My approach to understanding why people tend to believe in spirits has to do with experiences that convince them, different kinds of experiences that they consider evidence. So, it might be a dream, it might be that you have something happen that's a coincidence and so you assume that, therefore, indicates a spirit caused it. You hear people sometimes say something was meant to be. And, of course, another important kind of experience that convinces many people is hearing our elders and our peers talking about it. And this gets back to culture again, because humans rely so heavily on culture as a means of adapting to the world. And so, this means that we have to be willing to believe one another.
Chip: You started studying dreams because you wanted to understand how people explained their own experiences with the supernatural. And what you've found is that dreams impact how we think about all kinds of things. But, how do the things around us impact the way we dream? For example, say, food.
Roger: Well, of course, food, depending on if you have indigestion or not, food can affect your dreams in a very direct, physical way, absolutely. And I was actually interested to hear my Asabano friends tell me the same thing, that they were familiar with that. Although they often think that dreams have deep spiritual meaning, they also sometimes have a dream that they think, Oh, this is just gobbledygook because I ate something bad.
Chip: Just dinner talking.
Roger: So, they have a version of "nonsense theory" too.
But, I mean, that's the physiological side of it, but then you could say that foods, of course, are important ideas, and our models of what is edible or not would appear in our dreams. If you're used to eating rice every day, you might dream about rice. If you've never heard of another kind of food that is perhaps different and you're trying to reconcile eating some kind of new, strange thing, that might appear in your dreams as well, as you're trying to incorporate and make sense of it.
Chip: OK, what about light?
Roger: Oh, well, you know, there's, light is actually kind of a more interesting topic to talk about in terms of sleep because the light levels and the type of light (whether it's a bluish light or reddish light) actually influence our sleep cycles, how soon we fall asleep. I would say that light is even more important for understanding the physiology of sleep than it is dreams per se. However, light can be a symbol as well—the image of coming to a light or something being light or dark.
Chip: We've talked about food and light. Now I want to discuss language because I don't remember my dreams and I don't talk about them. So, I wonder, how does the way that we communicate about dreaming influence what we experience?
Roger: Language. Well, of course, language is made of culture. It's one form of culture—it's cultural information, but it's also a code for communicating culture. It's really profound that once you have the ability to communicate so precisely about our inner experiences, which comes with language, now we can talk about imaginary experiences—like dreams—as though they were real. And we can communicate them to one another, and we can form theories about them together. And that allows us to say, "Well, what was that thing that I saw?" Maybe it was my dead sister, you know, maybe she's still alive, and she's nasty now. Maybe she's upset with me. So, you know, I might have had that thought process by myself if I were a non-linguistic species, but once I've got language, I can share it with others and then we develop these whole cultural dream theories about what it really is.
Jen: Wait, Chip, do you really never remember your dreams?
Chip: Yeah, pretty much. There was a time back in my 20s where I tried to do lucid dreaming, where you're aware of your own dreaming, but it didn't really work so much. Ever since, I go to sleep, I wake up, and that's that. And actually, that's what made Roger's work so interesting to me, because as someone who doesn't think about dreaming, doesn't talk about dreaming, I think it's really cool to have this framework to understand how, potentially, humanity thinks and talks about dreaming. And so, I can see using these six different ways of exploring dreaming in a different light for myself. How about you, do you dream at all?
Jen: I do!
Chip: Or remember your dreams?
Jen: I actively try to remember my dreams. I do! But it's often me reflecting alone in the morning like, Whoa, what was that about? Often in the U.S., we hear about personal dream diaries. I don't have a dream diary. But, it's very individual. But what I find really interesting is in other cultural communities, you know, talking about dreams is a social practice, it's an everyday practice, where it's actually part of everyday life. And I think that's just really interesting and maybe if we had more of that here, you might remember your dreams.
Chip: That's a good point. But maybe that's what this podcast is doing, it's definitely made me think and talk about dreaming, and it's entering into a conversation, right?
Jen: Yeah.
Chip: What if we, you know, continued the conversation. What do you think?
Jen: I think that would be great! And I think we could continue it with an even bigger group!
Chip: Yeah, like, our listeners, for example? Listeners, we would love to hear from you. What are your experiences of dreaming?
Jen: Do you think dreams are nonsense or something else? Something more?
Chip: Good questions. So, we'll see you on social media. Make sure to hashtag us at #sapienspodcast, and we'll look forward to continuing the conversation there.
Chip: This episode of SAPIENS was produced by Cat Jaffee, and mixed, audio edited, and sound designed by Jason Paton. It was hosted by me, Chip Colwell.
Jen: And me, Jen Shannon.
SAPIENS is produced by House of Pod, with amazing contributions from our producer Paul Karolyi and production assistant Freda Kreier, who provided additional support.
Chip: Meral Agish is our fact-checker. And a special thanks this time to Roger Lohman and Lara Newton.
Jen: And a special, special thanks to Roger for offering his recordings of the Asabano people's day-to-day activities, mouth harp music, and drumming. These recordings were captured in 1994 and played by Simolibo at Yakob Village.
Jen: This is an editorially independent podcast funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation, which has provided vital support through Danilyn Rutherford, Maugha Kenny, and its staff, board, and advisory council.
Chip: Additional support was provided by the Imago Mundi Fund at Foundation for the Carolinas.
Jen: Thanks always to Amanda Mascarelli, Daniel Salas, Christine Weeber, Cay Leytham-Powell, and everyone at SAPIENS.org.
SAPIENS is part of the American Anthropological Association Podcast Library.
Until next time, see you around fellow sapiens!
You may republish this article, either online and/or in print, under the Creative Commons CC BY-ND 4.0 license. We ask that you follow these simple guidelines to comply with the requirements of the license.
In short, you may not make edits beyond minor stylistic changes, and you must credit the author and note that the article was originally published on SAPIENS.
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The light in the house, apartment, bedroom, bathroom is very important. Light can completely change our mood.
Therefore, designers continue to innovate and surprise us with new ideas, unusual lamps and lighting fixtures.


The eMERGe reporting guidance was presented by Dr Emma France at the International Institute of Qualitative Methodology's 24th Qualitative Health Research Conference in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on Monday 29th October 2018. Emma gave her talk to an engaged and enthusiastic audience of international researchers including postgraduate students and more established academics.
The growing interest in the value of qualitative evidence synthesis, including meta-ethnography, for informing health and social care policies and service design was reflected across a number of conference presentations including an inspiring keynote speech by Professor Amanda (Mandy) Kenny of Latrobe University in Victoria, Australia.
Publication of the eMERGe meta-ethnography reporting guidance simultaneously across five journals is imminent.
Emma France presenting eMERGe in Halifax.


PITTSBURGH — Dan Kingerski of Pittsburgh Hockey Now filed the Penguins postgame report from PPG Paints Arena after the Penguins 7-6 OT win over heated divisional rival, the Washington Capitals. Kris Letang and Derick Brassard featured prominently. Letang had three points (2g, 1a) including the game-winner and Brassard had a dominant night. Both players talked about the jitters of the first game.


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Чезієнь, Чезієні () — комуна у повіті Олт в Румунії. До складу комуни входять такі села (дані про населення за 2002 рік):
 Бондря (303 особи)
 Корлетешть (419 осіб)
 Чезієнь (1501 особа) — адміністративний центр комуни

Комуна розташована на відстані 148 км на захід від Бухареста, 28 км на південь від Слатіни, 39 км на південний схід від Крайови.

Населення
За даними перепису населення 2002 року у комуні проживали  особи, усі — румуни. Усі жителі комуни рідною мовою назвали румунську.

Склад населення комуни за віросповіданням:

Посилання
 Дані про комуну Чезієнь на сайті Ghidul Primăriilor

Примітки

Комуни повіту Олт

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home Janet's Journal Janet's Journal: Celebrate and respect the diversity of native plants
Janet's Journal: Celebrate and respect the diversity of native plants
August 29, 2017 • 6 Comments
The new gardening ethic can help insure that future generations will still know the unique look of dunes along Lake Superior, covered in native goldenrod and tansy.
Do you ever travel for the pleasure of experiencing the exotic? To absorb a city's regional feel, discover landscapes with unfamiliar hues and textures, or hike through natural areas where native plants in their native settings show you their unbound souls?
Then you probably appreciate diversity, too. You drive quickly away from your destination's airport with its too-same hotels and restaurants. You're thrilled to see cactus in a gravel mulch when you're in the desert, disappointed to see bluegrass sod patched into prairie.
Chances are that you, like me, appreciate the plants you meet on your travels so much that you seek them out and add them to your garden.
"Invasive" becomes a watchword
It's time to think about this. Not to stop collecting, necessarily, but to be more discriminating in what we plant. We're in danger of homogenizing the natural world, with the same speed and dulling effect as fast food corporations expanding their territories.
I'm referring to invasive plants. Those plants the USDA considers for official weed status because they exhibit the ability outside of their native range to spread in ways that "threaten the survival or reproduction of native plants or animals or reduce biological diversity." And I'm focusing on the ones deliberately introduced, not those inadvertently carried as cloth- or shoe-clinging seeds, discharged whole from a ship's ballast tanks, or unwittingly planted as vegetative bits in root balls shipped between states.
A native wet prairie like this one on Walpole Island consists of dozens of species growing in harmony, each blooming in its season. Some people like the massed bloom of loosestrife better than this natural show, but the butterflies, hummingbirds and songbirds that reap crop after crop of nectar and seeds from this stand would disagree.
You already know a few of the worst
If you're a lover of Michigan forests, you probably know Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is one of these deliberate introductions now seen as a big mistake. The species seeds prolifically into our woods, crowding out native saplings so that autumn hillsides once red maple scarlet in fall are muting to European yellow. They throw such long-season shade that they close the early spring window of sun our native wildflowers evolved to exploit, gradually killing the beauty at their feet. Even their roots are sinister, suspected of allelopathy, a plant kingdom domination ploy in which they exude chemicals that kill or stunt the growth of other species.
Those who find peace in walking our Great Lakes shores might picture baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata) in this role. Pretty in a garden, it's a killer on the dunes, bullying and displacing bright orange hoary puccoon, dreamy off-white death camas and other natives.
Even those who don't hike in but merely admire from a car window our extensive, water-purifying wetlands, know purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) as this kind of cultivated criminal. Watch for just a few years as one tiny fluorescent pink patch expands to cover acres. Like the other alien invasives, loosestrife changes not only the plant community but the entire food chain that rests on its shoulders.
Once we might have thought it an inconsequential loss when this bright gold colony of the native horned bladderwort (Utricularia cornuta, blooming yellow in mass) is overrun by an invasive alien such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens). Now we know that a specific insect might be totally dependent on the bladderwort, and a songbird on those insects, and so on up the food chain.
Continue excluding known criminals, or ask credentials of all?
Under the United States Department of Agriculture plant importation regulations, inspectors reject excluded species, using a "black list" of plants known to have become invasive to the point of widespread economic and environmental impact. Under "white list" policy, new species are excluded until proven innocent, and the burden of proof rests on the importer. A grower who wants to import a species for agriculture or horticulture must conduct and file for approval a risk assessment, which evaluates the plant's potential to spread and the impact of such a spread on native species.
Can such a policy really stem the tide of homogenization? It's debatable. Battles still have to be fought against invasives already here. Even if white listing had been in place and effectively enforced since the earliest days of U.S. independence, it still would have come too late to shut the door against groundcover myrtle (Vinca minor, currently endangering American forest ecosystems), privet shrub (Ligustrum sinense, crowding out prairie and woodland plants alike in many states), or the glossy buckthorn tree (Rhamnus cathartica, a serious threat to both dry and wet plant communities). And import restrictions might not have stopped the importation of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, the vine that's engulfing the southeastern U.S.) because at that time its economic promise seemed greater than any foreseeable risk. And even today we probably couldn't predict the latent ability of a meek creature like Grecian foxglove (Digitalis lanata) to explode into certain special niches as it has done into the prairie in one Kansas county.
Norway maples can have respectable gold color in fall. But when this invasive tree displaces red and sugar maples in the woods and in the fall show, we are the losers.
Few plants shine so brightly in fall as our native red maple.
Might we control this at our garden level?
It's a hot topic. A species that would run rampant if given free reign could be an acceptable team player in a controlled setting, like a private backyard garden. I'm among those who bridle at the thought of being told what I can and cannot plant, even though I greatly value and work to preserve our native species and systems. For financial reasons, many professional growers also balk at the idea of white listing. They know that what's new, sells and what's held up in testing becomes old quickly. Some also profit from the fact that what's invasive, propagates quickly for sale. Who can predict whether people will voluntarily lean toward responsible stewardship of native diversity, as expected by some policy makers, or whether individualism, capitalism and the rising cost of controlling invasives will lead to a white list.
Happily, a few environmentally conscious commercial growers and botanical institutions have already begun doing pre-introduction assessment of new species. Some have evaluated and then decided not to introduce new species, or to issue them only with warnings. Certainly more of this will happen as awareness of the problem grows within the gardening community and buyers begin to question and reject the next gooseneck loosestrife (Lysimachia clethroides), spreading buttercup (Ranunculus repens) or Mexican bamboo (Polygonum cuspidatum) that comes along.
Baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata) is a beauty in the garden, a bully on the dunes.
What you can do now
You and I may not be importing, introducing or selling new species, but the cumulative effect we have on their spread is mighty. The policy makers know this, and some feel that better enforcement and publicity may make white lists unnecessary.
So I hope that your awareness prompts you to think twice about buying plants from growers who act unethically. I refer to people best summed up by this exchange between myself and a world-renowned grower I will allow to remain anonymous for the time being:
Reporter: "I was alarmed at how quickly that plant spread, right out of the garden and even through mowed lawn."
Grower, smiling rakishly, even proudly but certainly without any hint of remorse: "Yes, it is quite the thug, isn't it?"
I hope for several things. That you will try to say "no" to species that prove themselves invasive in your garden, either by rigorously confining them or disposing of them in a final way. That you will question the urge to and consequences of deliberately planting surpluses from your own garden in nearby untended fields and woods. At the very least, I pray that you will think twice when someone offers you a plant that they "have too much of."
Gardening is all about hope
Maybe our children will be able to enjoy the same kind of vacations that have delighted us, and walk with mouths agape in alpine meadows or tidal flats or cypress swamps full of plants they've never seen. Maybe they will also be able to proudly and accurately say to visiting gardeners "That carpet of trillium? Yes, it's a Michigan native and we make sure it always will be."
Article by Janet Macunovich and photos by Steven Nikkila, www.gardenatoz.com.
Filed Under: Janet's Journal Tagged With: invasive, native plants, USDA
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Kathy Fiebig says
Thank you, Janet. This is the kind of article that just might get through to people that scoff at us "native plant enthusiasts". I'll be sharing it far and wide.
Elaine Weider says
Janet M. has been and continues to be my favorite garden guru. I purchase plants from the Prairie Nursery catalog who are in Westfield, WI. One in particular, Eupatorium coelestinum, has expanded greatly in this its second year, and I think I'll have to remove some of it, even though the butterflies love it. I hope this plant, as well as Northern Sea Oats, which seeds prolifically, are not on the black list.
Watch out at Perennial Exchanges. Many plants are invasive and that is why the grower has excess. My garden was first planted from a perennial exchanges and I am still finding plants pop up in my garden though I've been fighting them for years. When I was younger I would happily thin them but now I don't want to be bothered and they are gone. I spare my friends and they go to compost.
Julie Ann Wang says
Really enjoyed this article! Will you be speaking about how to include Native Plants at any upcoming events?
Judy Root says
Thanks Janet for keeping informed and
focused on the plants best for each unique
Dan Lepo says
Bravo. As the Coordinator for a local Arboretum that insists on planting only Michigan native trees and bushes, and continuously stresses the value and beauty of natives to the ecological balance of our environment, I am pleased to concur. Today's exotics could well spell doom for the future viability of time-honored Michigan natives.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are negatively affected by cognitive impairment and depression. However, previous studies have reported low rates of screening for these conditions. In addition, among MS patients with cognitive impairment or depression, many are not referred to specialists in psychology and psychiatry settings. A research study led by PRIME Education demonstrated positive effects of QI-driven interventions on screening and referrals for cognitive impairment and depression in patients with MS.
The study findings were reported in a poster presentation given by Guy Buckle, MD at the ECTRIMS Congress in Berlin, Germany on October 10, 2018.1 Dr. Buckle, an MS specialist at Shepherd Center in Atlanta, served with Derrick Robertson, MD as the study's principal investigators. Dr. Robertson is an MS specialist at the University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine in Tampa. Collaborating with PRIME's research team, investigators in the 2 diverse specialty MS clinics reviewed the charts of 300 MS patients before and after their neurology care teams participated in QI-driven interventions designed to support screening and referrals for cognitive impairment and depression. Among other findings reported at the prestigious ECTRIMS Congress, the interventions were associated with increases of 15% for cognitive impairment screening and 10% for depression screening. In addition, rates of referrals to specialists for the 2 conditions increased by 27% and 34%. These findings are relevant to informing the design and implementation of scalable QI initiatives for reducing the profoundly negative effects of cognitive impairment and depression on quality of life and function in patients with MS.
The QI initiative was funded by a research grant from Genentech.
Buckle G, Robertson D, Moreo N, Aungst A, Carter JD, Sapir T. Impact of Quality-Driven Interventions on Screening for Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Presentation at ECTRIMS—European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis. Berlin, Germany; October 10-12, 2018.
Buckle GJ, Robertson DS, Moreo N, Aungst A, Carter J, Sapir T. Screening for cognitive impairment and depression in Multiple Sclerosis patients: Current practices, perceptions, and barriers in selected United States MS clinics. Poster presentation at the 3rd Annual Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) Forum 2018; San Diego, CA; February 2, 2018.
On Friday, September 28th, the Treatment & Precision Oncology Poster Session at the Association of VA Hematology/Oncology (AVAHO) Annual Meeting featured data from PRIME's federal oncology annual seminar series. Past president of AVAHO, Dr. João Ascensão, led the presentation entitled, Impact of an Educational Seminar Series for VA Providers in Personalized Cancer Care Across Hematologic and Solid Tumors, which echoed the theme of the meeting "Caring for all Veterans – Now and into the Future." The national series of nine 6-hour accredited seminars held between November 2017 and March 2018 addressed challenges in personalized medicine and the integration of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The educational initiative was supported through independent medical education grants from AbbVie, Inc., Astellas, and Genentech.
The initiative's lead authors included João Ascensão, MD, PhD, FACP – Chief of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Chair of the Institute for Clinical Research at the Washington, DC VA; Michael Kelley, MD, FACP – National Program Director for Oncology at the Department of Veterans Affairs and Chief of Hematology/Oncology at Durham VA Medical Center; Jorge Cortes, MD – Deputy Chair of the Department of Leukemia at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Ezra Cohen, MD, FRCPSC, FASCO – Co-Director of the San Diego Center for Precision Immunotherapy at UC San Diego Health Sciences.
In a new format this year at AVAHO, a dedicated kiosk was assigned for each e-poster where Dr. Ascensão gave a 5-minute oral poster presentation of the key findings followed by discussions with poster visitors. In his presentation, Dr. Ascensão shared outcomes findings from more than 600 hematologists/oncologists and treatment team members across federal and public sectors demonstrating significant (P < .001) increases in confidence integrating cytogenetic testing, novel therapies, applying precision medicine and evolving management practices, and recognizing/managing adverse events of novel therapies. Participants of the educational series also committed to improving team-based aspects of treatment planning, individualizing therapy based on genetic/prognostic results, and integrating novel agents into institutional pathways.
"People are just not as educated about [precision medicine], and it affects so many areas – diagnosis, prognosis, the patients, treatment. There are so many questions with initial therapy, therapy at relapse, biomarker testing. This just reflects it's a young field and we have to continue educating. Keeping people informed has great value to teach teams how to use these agents in a way that improves patient outcomes," said Dr. Ascensão. "Targeted and novel therapies are not novel anymore, they are here! We have to adapt to adapting, so this is an ongoing process to keep up-to-date, therapies are coming at an increasingly rapid pace and we have to understand how to use them most efficiently for our patients to get the best response and to reduce the probability that they won't benefit or have toxicities. This is a multidimensional consideration and we cover many in this series. The value of us keeping up-to-date is that our patients benefit as we are able to keep them informed with recent information and options. We are able to contribute to the tests and interact with our other team members and bring to them, the most current and up-to-date information on therapies," noted co-presenting author Dr. Michael Kelley.
The impact of this seminar series on incorporating care coordination and interprofessional collaboration into professional practice was also presented early this year at the annual Military/VA/DoD Day in Chicago, IL, by PRIME's CEO Kathleen Moreo on June 20, 2018.
Ascensão J, Kelley MJ, Cortes J, et al. Impact of an Educational Seminar Series for VA Providers in Personalized Cancer Care Across Hematologic and Solid Tumors. Presentation at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Association of VA Hematology/Oncology. September 28-30, 2018; Chicago, IL. Abstract 19.
Moreo K, Cohen E, Cortes J, et al. Addressing Interprofessional Care for Cancer Patients in VA/Military Settings. Poster Presentation at DoD/Military/VA Day for All Services. June 20, 2018: Chicago, IL.


Acting as a hub for diverse social services and community resources, the Dream Center maximizes these combined efforts to rescue people out of poverty, addictions, homelessness and human trafficking.
In July 2017 we became part of the LA Dream Center Network. Since 1996, more than 100 independent Dream Centers have been launched nationally. The Pensacola Dream Center is a 501C3 non-profit organization.
Make a difference in someone's life by serving with us today.
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WE'D LIKE TO KEEP YOU INFORMED ABOUT THE DREAM CENTER ACTIVITIES AND PROGRESS. PLEASE HELP US GET TO KNOW YOU! FILL OUT THIS SHORT FORM SO WE CAN KEEP IN TOUCH!


RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA: Saudi Arabia on Thursday slammed US President Donald Trump's decision to recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital, calling the move "unjustified and irresponsible".
Trump ended seven decades of US ambiguity on the status of the disputed city on Wednesday, prompting an almost universal diplomatic backlash and fears of new bloodshed in the Middle East.
He also kicked off the process of moving the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
"The kingdom expresses great regret over the US president's decision to recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel," said a Saudi royal court statement carried by the official Saudi Press Agency.
The decision goes against the "historical and permanent rights of the Palestinian people", the royal court said, calling on Trump to reconsider his decision.
"The kingdom has already warned of the serious consequences of such an unjustified and irresponsible move," the statement said.
"The US move represents a significant decline in efforts to push a peace process and is a violation of the historically neutral American position on Jerusalem."
Saudi King Salman on Tuesday had warned Trump that moving the US embassy for Israel to Jerusalem was a "dangerous step" that could rile Muslims worldwide.
Trump's announcement appears to have cast a pall over relations between Saudi Arabia and the US, which have warmed in the months after his election, with the president choosing the Gulf kingdom for his first overseas visit in May.
While the two countries have long been allies, Riyadh viewed Trump's predecessor Barack Obama as overly friendly with its arch-nemesis Iran.
Israel and Saudi Arabia have no official diplomatic relations.


← Presenting in Birmingham for SQL Saturday #328!!!
Jeffrey Verheul (b|t) is hosting this month's T-SQL Tuesday blog party. (Hey Jeff, what's up?) If you are not familiar with T-SQL Tuesday, well it was started by Adam Machanic (b|t) five years ago and invites a different blogger to host a topic and various bloggers choose to participate when the subject so moves them. This month's topic is regarding SQL Family and Community. I have blogged numerous times about SQL Family and if you never experienced the awesomeness that is SQL Family in person, find me and I will give you a #SQLHug and show you just how awesome of a phenomenon this truly is.
Personally, I have been gainfully employed in the IT field for almost twenty years and have been hacking (yes that is the correct term not the one bastardized by the media and laymen) since the Christmas of 1982 when I got a Timex Sinclair 1000. During this lifetime, I have never experienced the phenomenon that is SQL Family, ever. Let the weight of that statement sink in for a moment. In other words, having met all sorts of IT professionals over the years at many conferences, user groups and meetings, no one community has struck me dumbfounded and with wonderment like that of the SQL Community. It is unparalleled in my opinion.
The meeting was horrible, there was a speaker on a speaker phone. I do not remember who it was or what he spoke about but it was pretty bad mainly because of bad phone connection and a language barrier. I met a few people and I remember thinking "this blows!" Then Pam Shaw (b|t) gave me a free book for a being a first time attendee. Remember, I had a bad attitude about my career so this reflection had nothing to do with Pam or her user group. I remember on the drive home thinking hey free pizza and a free book (and don't forget the SQL tchotchkes), maybe I will go back next month.
Enter Brent again…as he said hey they do this crazy, free training thing and you get to meet a lot of SQL people and we are sure to find a better job there. So we ride over one Saturday morning to Orlando. I liken this to the moment I heard my first Beatles record. I was hooked, an addiction was formed. I met so many people and I could name drop all day but there is one key figure that I met that day….Karla Landrum (b|t). She was welcoming and passionate about the community. Karla is definitely the mother of this SQL family. Actually she is more of a foster-mother, she takes in the strays feeds them some good food, acclimates them to the environment and then challenges them to succeed. Like any good Mom, she doesn't take no for an answer. Within a year from that moment she had talked (coerced, dragged me kicking and screaming, or tricked? You pick!) me into speaking for the first time. I had a supreme fear of public speaking. How did she talk me into this? I wanted to run like Forrest, but I didn't even drove through a flash flood that day to not let her down.
During that year, I became active in the user group, became a SQL community promoter on twitter, and attended a few SQL Saturdays. Suddenly I didn't hate my career as much, oh do not get me wrong the job I had sucked but I was not ready to jump ship on my career just yet. What happened to Brent? Oh yeah, he got a better SQL DBA job. Mission accomplished.
That first time was horrible, I scripted the whole thing and barely looked up from my trembling body. They gave me an award for the funniest presentation. These people are nuts, I do not think they saw the same presentation that I did. Afterward, several people told me how awesome it was and that they were happy to see me presenting. Wait?!?! What?!?!? It was horrible. These people are my brothers and sisters in the SQL Family. They were loving and encouraging when I needed it. I am sure that they knew it was horrible but they had been there too. I am not going to call them out but I do try to pay it forward with every new speaker that I meet or see or even here about. I want to be that same awesome brother that tells you about dating and girls and how to…wait I digress, sorry.
It was at this point that I wanted to speak again, and again. All the world's a stage and I wanted to get better, to be as good as they were, to teach and give back. I was learning SQL Server like never before because I was teaching it to others. I was now in love with my career again. Not the obligatory kiss your grandmother love, but the super smart, nerdy librarian looking girl who likes you because you aced Calculus passion making out in the reference section next to the map rack. Yeah you know what I am talking about.
All everyone talked about once you get inside the SQL Family is the SQL PASS Summit in Seattle. Like any good addict, I had to try this drug. Have you ever had that moment when you said to yourself "wow these nerds are my people, they get me!" That first year was my moment. Like any good Amway presentation, I wanted what they were selling. I met so many people…authors, bloggers, crazy people (yeah I bet two or three names came to your mind when I said that and yes that is who I was talking about), DBAs, developers, and rock stars of the SQL community. They all had one thing in common: SQL Family. At no point did I ever feel not welcome or like an outsider even with my First Timer badge on. If there was a funny story that they all knew someone was more than willing to bring me up to speed on how that one guy did that one thing that one time and it was epic. Yeah you know who you are and what you did that one time. Dude!
In 2013, I decided that in order to take my career to the next level, I needed to move to Atlanta where the DBA jobs were flowing like wine and after 42 years in Florida a change of scenery would be good. Most people think leaving Florida was a Paradise Lost, but being a tourist is the greatest part of Florida at this point in my life as I grew up on the sunshine, beaches, and Disney. Been there, done that, and got the t-shirt. However, I felt at home with the Atlanta group and they had become really, really good friends over the last couple of years. You see I was 42 years old with hundreds of friends or as I like to call them wonderful acquaintances. You know the kind, the ones that will go to a birthday party for a mutual friend and be happy to see you and hand you a beer from the cooler. But if you need someone to help you move, all of these friends that you have seem to be busy. My life was full of these friends. I had a couple of really good friends, do not get me wrong especially if you are one of them are you thinking to yourself what the hell dude!
However, with the SQL Family, those friendships always seem to be so much stronger. This was the impetus for me moving to Atlanta. Those friends there seemed to be the kind of friends that would help you move (and they did come 2014). Did you remember the foreshadowing moment? Good, you were paying attention. After moving to Atlanta, I began traveling across the country spreading my wings speaking in Nashville, Las Vegas, Louisville and I will hit Birmingham, Orlando (where it all began) and possibly Charleston before the year is done. All of that is on my own dime. Why? SQL Family. I love visiting different family members and spending time with them and sharing my love of SQL Server and SQLKaraoke with them. I look forward to breaking bread and sharing a pint with them sharing stories and dancing like a mad man. The social aspect of SQL Family is unparalleled as well.
I am now a Data Services Consultant, working for a dear friend from the SQL Family. She brought me on board here where there are about a hundred brilliant consultants including several other SQL Family members. I love my career, and I love my SQL Family and now I love my job. Thanks, Julie (b|t).
So after reading this and if you have met me in person, have you figured out which family member I am? I am that crazy uncle that everyone has who sings everywhere and is so much fun to be around (at least in my opinion lol).
P.S. Did you get the title reference and all the tie-ins? Tripping the light fantastic means to dance about with the music and being in the SQL Family makes me want to sing and dance every day. Milton (tie-in) and Shakespeare (tie-in) spoke of such phenomenon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles (tie-in) had an album entitled Tripping the Live Fantastic. Tarantino (our greatest living director) used the line as I did in "Inglorious Basterds" for the final tie-in. Those were chosen because of my love of those things and my ability to wax poetic about my passions. Long Live the SQL Family! Oh, I almost forgot the "skipping the light fandango" tie-in (glad I proofread this before submitting it) but that's a line from "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Procul Harum. So now you have my passion for poetry, movies, music and SQL Server, all that in one blog post for the low, low price of $19.95…but wait, there's more….stay tuned next time.
Posted on August 12, 2014, in SQL PASS and tagged #SQLFamily, SQL Fun, SQL Pass, SQL Saturday, Summit. Bookmark the permalink.	1 Comment.
The groupies Jorge has you don't want.


text:
Eastern Reporter
Bayswater residents join call for State Govt to reverse cuts to childcare
September 23rd, 2016, 10:30AM Written by Toyah Shakespeare Eastern Reporter
East Metro MLC Amber-Jade Sanderson, Noranda Child Care Centre's Maria Stella and Labor community services spokeswoman Simone McGurk.
BAYSWATER residents joined childcare and neighbourhood centres across Perth at Parliament yesterday to call on the State Government to reverse its decision to cut accommodation support.
Salisbury Child Care Centre, Noranda Child Care Centre, Bayswater Family Centre and Sudbury Community House are among 33 childcare and 24 neighbourhood centres set to be impacted by cuts to property management and maintenance services.
Labor community services spokeswoman Simone McGurk called on the Government to reverse its decision and enable those centres to continue their important work.
"I've spoken to countless parents who are genuinely worried about the future of their local child care and neighbourhood centre," she said.
East Metro MLC Amber-Jade Sanderson said the cuts equalled about $1.4 million per year and that would mean a "budget black hole" for 33 centres, some of which have waiting lists of up to two years.
"Dozens of local families depend on the Noranda Child Care Centre; these cuts will mean families who are already struggling will be asked to foot the bill," she said.
However, Treasurer Mike Nahan said a community and neighbourhood development program is offered at 54 sites, with 32 at buildings provided by the Department of Local Government and Communities.
He said the $6.5 million currently provided would not change, so the major source of assistance would continue.
Dr Nahan said the arrangements at the centres varied and they had not been well managed for years.
He said in the long term those 32 centres should be responsible for their own building insurance and putting aside funds for major maintenance.
Bayswater Child Care Association chairman Mike Anderton said there was no mismanagement at the centres.
"We have two very successful centres (Noranda and Salisbury) travelling at 100 per cent occupancy," he said.
Mr Anderton said the board, staff and parents were concerned the cuts would affect the day-to-day operation of centres.
"We're still in limbo," he said.


text:
Reports file patterns that are redundant as there already are other patterns that define the same scope of files or even a broader one.
For example, in [{*.java,*}] the first *.java pattern defines a narrower scope compared to *.
That is why it is redundant and can be removed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


P.S.: And if you hold your cursor on top of his embedded name in that mension you might notice that the date will be 24/12/18 right?
We're being silly mate. Denying what we clearly know we did, and we know you know. It's a silly British thing. We call it humour, but it's just daft.
I hope that in the future, when i a old and wise and much more involved into the British thing after trying another 30 years or so i will get on it.
You know that it is hard to teach a German potato to teach real humor, cause there is a missing link in the gene pool, but i am sure if you guys try hard you will be satisfyied at the end.
Happy birthday orangesteel. May you get two presents instead of one!
Thank you all have a great Christmas.


ordering swimsuits and straw hats and just being overall excited.
I am quite addicted to amazing summer salads right now and keep trying mixing new dressings and things.
Friday was very special since I met my friends beautiful little baby girl Amelie for the first time.
Oh these big eyes... It was a very nice afternoon, of catching up with her mum Josie over coffee & cake.
This summer in London has been pretty rubbish so far and I am so looking forward to getting some sun.
Tonight Dave surprised me with a Asian dinner, including delicious veggie dumplings and summer rolls. We haven't made them in so long.
Summer rolls feel like a special dish because we made them on our first date, and also on the day we moved in together and started this little blog.
And I am just as excited to wake up next to this man every day- moving in together feels like yesterday and yet we have already done so much together.


If your pond experience this season resembles most stories we've heard, you've shared anxious moments about the health or even survival of your pond.
Record heat and drought stressed aquatic environments to levels we haven't seen in 50 years. We encourage giving your pond(s) a comprehensive physical this fall. Some need ICU level care. Without a well-designed rehabilitation plan, complications from this summer may result in slow healing. Don't let weak conditions linger and prevent continued healthy development.
Low water levels allow bass to feed freely. Will your lake need an IV of threadfin shad, tilapia, or more bluegill to rebuild the food chain next spring? We can stock them! Better yet, let us evaluate your precious pond or lake to get the data you need to make the best decisions.
Did vegetation spread with expanded warmer, shallower zones? Management therapy now may be more economical before water levels return to normal. Treatment is a delicate procedure during current conditions. Let's discuss safe methods!
Has original fish cover deteriorated? Now's a great opportunity to replenish it and improve fishing success. We'll show you how!
Have upper ends silted-in and created places for future vegetation to grow? Dredge them to minimize undesirable conditions. Deepening these areas reopens old channels and creates new fish habitat. Use dredged material to construct points and/or islands. Plant cypress trees on them.
While water levels are receded, install wood duck nesting boxes. Rig with a video camera to observe nesting events. A memorable experience with Nature! Ask us how!
We anticipate a substantial increase for fish orders next spring. Many ponds dried-up or suffered fish kills when diminished water could no longer support oxygen. Please call to discuss your concerns. We'll propose a prescription for speedy recovery. Plus, book early to ensure supply. When rains come…and they will…stocker fish supplies will run low.
This entry was posted on Friday, September 30th, 2011 at 7:43 am	and is filed under From the Dock, News & Updates. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
Q: Failure to convert FileStream length to int I have inherited a printer helper class that can be used to send information directly to a printer. It can handle a file, string, or raw bytes. For files and strings it first converts them to bytes, and uses the bytes method to do the sending.
My problem is the file method is failing to set all the necessary variables for the bytes method to succeed. See the method below:
// Open the file.
FileStream fs = new FileStream(szFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);

// Create a BinaryReader on the file.
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fs);

// Dim an array of bytes big enough to hold the file's contents.
Byte[] bytes = new Byte[fs.Length];
bool bSuccess = false;

// Your unmanaged pointer.
IntPtr pUnmanagedBytes = new IntPtr(0);
int nLength;
nLength = Convert.ToInt32(fs.Length);

// Read the contents of the file into the array.
bytes = br.ReadBytes(nLength);

// Allocate some unmanaged memory for those bytes.
pUnmanagedBytes = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(nLength);

// Copy the managed byte array into the unmanaged array.
Marshal.Copy(bytes, 0, pUnmanagedBytes, nLength);

// Send the unmanaged bytes to the printer.
bSuccess = SendBytesToPrinter(szPrinterName, pUnmanagedBytes, nLength);

// Free the unmanaged memory that you allocated earlier.
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(pUnmanagedBytes);
return bSuccess;

The point of failure seems to be nLength = Convert.ToInt32(fs.length); coming out as 0, even though the stream itself has all the correct data. If I put a breakpoint at that point then it will always work. If I put it below at the SendBytesToPrinter call, it nLength will be 0.
My workaround for now is to have use Thread.Sleep(1000); right before the conversion, but that's too hacky for my taste.
Is there some characteristic of the FileStream that is causing this issue, or is something wrong with the code here?
EDIT: To clarify something, I'm fully aware of the difference between a long and int. The files used do not cause a problem with this. I can run the same file through a dozen times with and without the pause and it will always fail without the pause.
EDIT #2: Brandon's answer didn't solve the problem directly, but the new approach to working with the file revealed an issue with the download method used to get the file in the first place. I'm marking his answer as accepted because not only did it lead me to the real problem, but it's a cleaner way of handling the method in general.

A: Instead of relying on the filestream for length, maybe you can rely on the length of the returned byte array:
// Read bytes in from file, capture length of returned array
var bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(szFileName);
var nLength = bytes.Length;

// Your unmanaged pointer.
IntPtr pUnmanagedBytes = new IntPtr(0);

// Allocate some unmanaged memory for those bytes.
pUnmanagedBytes = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(nLength);

// Copy the managed byte array into the unmanaged array.
Marshal.Copy(bytes, 0, pUnmanagedBytes, nLength);

// Send the unmanaged bytes to the printer.
var bSuccess = SendBytesToPrinter(szPrinterName, pUnmanagedBytes, nLength);

// Free the unmanaged memory that you allocated earlier.
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(pUnmanagedBytes);

return bSuccess;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here's a fun little challenge for you! Take out a piece of paper and a pencil (or your tablet) ;), and write down the names you think are the 10 names we personalize ornaments for most often here at Bronner's.
ASHLEY is English in origin and means "lives in the ash tree grove." The name is used for both males and females. A famous bearer of the name was the leading male character in Margaret Mitchell's "Gone with the Wind.
CHRISTOPHER is English/biblical in origin and means "he who holds Christ in his heart." The name is used for males. Well-known people with the name include actors Christopher Plummer and Christopher Walken as well as explorer Christopher Columbus. ETHAN is Hebrew/biblical in origin and means, "strong, constant/firm, strong." The name is used for males. A famous bearer of the name was the soldier Ethan Allen, American War of Independence. EMMA has Danish, Latin-American, English and German roots and means, "whole, complete, universal." The name is used for females. A famous bearer of the name was the character Emma Peel from the 1960s British television series "The Avengers." ELLA has English, Spanish, French and German roots and means "beautiful fairy, she or all." The name is used for females. American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald is a famous bearer of the name. JAXON has English and American origins. In English it means "God has been gracious; has shown favor (based on John or Jacques)," and in American it means "son of Jack." The name is used for males. MAX has Scottish and Latin-American origins. In Scottish it is the diminutive of Maxwell, which means "Magnus' spring or Mac's well." In English, Maxwell means "great spring." The name is used for males. OLIVIA has Spanish, Italian and biblical origins. In Spanish and Italian it means "olive," and it's biblical meaning is "peace or of the olive tree." The name is used for females. SOPHIA has Greek and biblical origins and means "wisdom." The name is used for females. RYLIE is Irish in origin and means "valiant." The name is used for both males and females.


match number in associated parmtop (2026)!
By mistake, I did not use all the atom of my system during the amd simulation by using this command ntwprt.
There is a way to figure out of this problem?
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text:
Magdi Youssef (born  22 July 1936 ) is an Egyptian professor of comparative literature and culture studies. He has taught at various universities in Europe and Egypt until his retirement. Al-Ahram (according to the Middle East Institute the equivalent of the New York Times in the Arab World) called Youssef  "the renowned culture critic." He is widely noted in the Arab world for his analytic interventions that focus on cultural alienation and unequal exchange in the sphere of culture. His book Critical Battles received wide attention. Youssef has contributed to the proceedings of comparative literature congresses in Latin America, Asia, Europe and the US.,  and to such journals as Al-Hilal,  the International Journal of Middle East Studies (Cambridge Univ. Press) and Theatre Research International (Oxford Univ. Press).  He is also the founding president of the International Association of Intercultural Studies (IAIS) and still actively involved in theoretical debates related to intercultural relations and comparative literature.

Youssef is a member of the Association pour l'avancement des études islamiques, Collège de France (Paris). He is also listed as a member of the International Sociological Association (ISA), L'Association Internationale des Sociologues de Langue Francaise, the International Brecht Society, based in the US, the Egyptian Association of Plastic Art Critics and the International Comparative Literature Association (ICLA). Magdi Youssef adheres to the Egyptian writers' union and the German Schriftstellerverband.

Outside academe, Youssef was widely noted as a critic of contemporary developments and a culture critic by such daily newspapers and weeklies as The Irish Times, Al-Masry Al-Youm, Al Qahira, Al-Ahram Daily, Al-Ahram Hebdo, Al-Ahram Weekly,  as well as other media in the Arab World, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, and the US.

Background and academic formation

Magdi Youssef is a native of Cairo. After completing his social scientific studies at Ain Shams University in Cairo and pursuing advanced studies in Germany, he acquired in October 1975 the degree of Dr. rer. soc. from the Faculty of Social Sciences of Bochum University (recognized by the Supreme Council of Universities of Egypt as the equivalent of a Ph.D.). From 1963 till 1971, he collaborated with the German 'orientalist' Annemarie Schimmel, translating literary and philosophical texts and contributing to the periodical Fikrun wa Fann (Thought and Art)
He has two children.

Academic career

Youssef taught at German universities since 1965. After intensive debates with conventional Orientalists, he established and taught the hitherto contested subject of Modern and Contemporary Arabic Literature and Culture at Cologne University. Modern and Contemporary Arabic Literature had been widely ignored in German academe (which specialized in Classical Arabic and the Islamic Legacy). Youssef continued to teach this subject at Cologne University until 1971.

From October 1971–76, Youssef taught Modern Arabic Literature and Culture at the Department of Philology at Bochum University. Since then he has lectured on the Interactions between the Arab and Western Socio-Cultural Formations in Modern Times, at the Faculty of Social Sciences at Bochum University, at post-graduate level.

From 1979 to 1981, Youssef continued to commute between Bochum and Tanta, teaching Methodology of Research at the department of sociology and the department of philosophy at Tanta University (Egypt). He was Professor of Methodology of Research at the Academy of Arts in Cairo from 1983 to 1984. Until his retirement, Magdi Youssef was Professor of Comparative Literature and Drama Studies at the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University (from the mid-1980s-2005). From 1988 to 1991 he was simultaneously a visiting Professor of Methodology of Research at the Faculty of Mass Communication at the same university. Youssef has also been a visiting professor at Trinity College Dublin. And he taught at Bonn University in the context of Gastprofessur. More recently, he has been offered a research fellowship at the Free University of Berlin (in 2014 and 2015).

A culture critic focused on intercultural studies

In 1976 Youssef published a study on "Brecht in Egypt" that reveals his main methodological focus. In this study which elucidated the influence of spontaneous actor-public interaction in popular As Samir performances on advanced, Egyptified stagings of Brecht's plays, he already emphasized the active rather than passive aspect of reception as a socio-culturally 'situated' process that typically occurs in a context of specific interests, needs, etc.  The value of this study was noted by Prof. Stéphane Santerres-Sarkany. Other scholars saw the study as very valuable, too, notably Martin Franzbach.  The book was also praised by the Brecht scholar Reinhold Grimm. Grimm wrote that "Youssef's approach is highly enlightening, and in fact, exemplary for any future investigation of Brecht's influence in the Third World." Recognizing the relevance of Youssef's approach to modern theater, the Goethe Institute in Tunis invited Youssef in 1972 to deliver lectures about Brecht's theatre in the Arab World. At the time, his Arabic translation of Brecht's play "Der Jasager und der Neinsager" was performed in the Tunisian province Al-Kaf; it was directed by Monsef Al-Souissi. Due to Youssef's continuous focus on the theater as an effective medium of socio-cultural interaction, he was invited to address the Colloquium organized in the context of the international theater festival in Carthage, Tunisia, in 1995. On this occasion, he was also a member of the jury of the Festival International de Carthage.

For many years, Youssef has been engaged in testing his methodological approach, re-formulating it where necessary. Intercultural studies and comparative literature research have never been a purely literary concern for him. He situated both in social and political contexts. As Peter Horwath mentions, it was enlightening that Youssef critically discussed "[e]conomic and cultural contacts between Arab and European nations during the modern era" (p. 129) at the XVth Triennial Congress of the Fédération Internationale des Langues et littératures modernes. That he saw the link between economics and culture was not accidental.

An editorial commentary in the Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the ICLA (published in 1985) asserted that "references to neo-Marxist explanations and ideological analysis" could be found in the paper that Youssef presented at this Congress. Whether this label suggested by either D. W. Fokkema or E. C. Smith or both is appropriate, is subject to further debate.   Other, more careful commentators defined Youssef as a sharp critic of "Eurocentrism" (respectively "West[ern]-Centrism").

Youssef described himself as "a theorist of intercultural studies" who is mainly interested in analyzing the interaction between  "modern and contemporary Arab vs Western socio-cultural formations. […] His publications […] deal with the study of the mechanisms of socio-cultural relations between different societal formations."

In the late 1990s, a critical study entitled "The Myth of European Literature" caught the attention of such scholars as Franca Sinopoli, Armando Gnisci and Peter Caravetta. Caravetta  noted especially Youssef's epistemological critique of Edward Said: Because of Said's indebtedness to Auerbach and Curtius, Youssef found his critique of orientalism ambivalent. According to Caravetta, Youssef critiqued the fact that Edward Said, very much like Auerbach and Curtius, could not help but comprehend 'realism' as an 'intra-literary' phenomenon. Youssef held that literature, in so far as it is a human product, and in so far as it works or functions in an interactive way, is a process which takes place inside society, however.

Armando Gnisci saw in Youssef's  Myth of European Literature an important theoretical contribution to a "poetics of decolonization" that challenges dominant Western literary concepts of literature and the Western literary canon.

Youssef's reflections on Arab Comparative and General Literature were widely noted and they were accorded a considerable reception, as they appeared in English, in Italian, and in Irish. Likewise, a summary of his research and his methodological considerations with regard to  "Literary and Social Transformations" (pertaining to the relationship of European and Arabic Literatures) were noted also outside the English-speaking world. And so was his analysis concerning the (lacking) balance of translation from Western into Non-Western languages and conversely, from languages rooted in the so-called Third World into English and other main languages of the Northern hemisphere.

Intervention in the Arab, Egyptian, and international debate about globalization and cultural hegemonism

In 2001, the critic Mahmoud El-Wardani called Youssef's new book "From Sociocultural Interference to Cross-cultural Interaction" [M. Youssef, Min Al-Tadakhul ila Al-Tafa'ul Al-Hadari. Al-Hilal Book, Dar Al-Hilal, 2001] a "valuable book"  that "deals with the challenges globalization posits for Third World countries. The main concern of the book is how people of the Third World could be not merely consumers of knowledge but also producers. It is divided into three sections; the first dealing with theoretical approaches to the dialectics of the self and the other in the present time, the second attempts an application of the theory elaborated in the first section on selected works of literature and art. The final section engages in critical debates with a number of well-known figures in Arab culture."

As an article in Al-Ahram Weekly notes, "Youssef describes his life's work as a single, protracted attempt at establishing, in the Western academic mentality, the existence of a contemporary Arab culture -- in the widest sense of the word. And it is on the vitality, creativity and "objective difference" of such a culture, he insists, that every successful step on the way to demystifying Orientalist preconceptions about the Arab world has depended."

Al-Ahram Weekly repeatedly noted Youssef's critique of the hegemony of Western media, including televised and printed cartoons of the Walt Disney type. In this context, Youssef's essay "Arab Fairy-Tales in Disney-Times" deserved attention.

According to Youssef, "the West's subtle psychological barriers complicate the process of intercultural exchange," a staff writer of Al Ahram Weekly noted.

Youssef was also rather critical of the cultural bureaucracy of the Mubarak regime and of the Arab League's cultural bureaucracies when the Arab World was Guest of Honor at the International Frankfurt Book Fair in 2004.  He has generally been critical of dictatorships, including that of Mubarak. His commitment to democracy motivates him to comment regularly on the state of affairs in Egypt in the Arab version of the Egypt Independent, i.e. in Al-Masry Al-Youm. Some of his articles in Al-Masry al-Youm aroused controversies in the Arab-Egyptian media, for instance in the weekly journal al-Qahira. Here, one of the  most renowned Egyptian and Arab columnists, al-Sayed Yasin, commented for instance on Oct. 9, 2012 in his weekly column entitled Meditations  on M. Youssef's article What is Reading and What is Illiteracy? (published in Al-Masry al-Youm, Sept. 28, 2012). Al-Masry al-Youm refers to him (in Arabic) as "Magdi Youssef · Top Commenter · Professor of Comparative Literature and Methodology of Research at Cairo University."

According to an interviewer, one of his goals as a scholar is to "help place Arab culture on an equal footing with the West."

Reflecting on the shortcomings of the Arab League's cultural program during the 2004 Frankfurt Book fair, "comparative literature professor Magdi Youssef's, stress[ed] scholarly issues" – most notably "the programme's failure to take account of Arab achievements in the natural sciences, an omission that [in Youssef's view] confirms the [false] notion that Arabs have made no contribution to material knowledge for centuries."

The Congress of the IAIS in 2009 (organized by Youssef) that took place at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris has sought to correct this perception, as scholars from various disciplines, both from the West and the Arab world, evaluated the Arab contribution to "world culture" in a wide range of fields that include the natural and social sciences as well as literature and the arts (e.g. the architecture of Rasem Badran and of the late Hassan Fathi).

Editorial activities
Youssef is listed as an adviser to the editorial board of Sotour (a monthly literary and cultural review based in Cairo and London). He is also an adviser to the editorial board of the Yearbook of Comparative Literature (published by Cairo University). He is currently the general editor of the book series: Towards a Really Rational World Culture, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in the U.K. This series aim at presenting the contributions of the so far marginalized socio-cultures to World Culture thus to make for a real cultural exchange worldwide, instead of the prevailing one-sided globalized Western 'World culture'.

Published works (A selection of books and key articles)

 Magdi Youssef, Brecht in Aegypten: Versuch einer literatursoziologischen Deutung, Bochum (Brockmeyer Universitaetsverlag) 1976. [Brecht's Theater in Egypt: A Socio-literary Interpretation.]
 Magdi Youssef, The Socio-Cultural Interaction Processes between the Arab World and the West in Modern Times, in: Intercultural Studies, Bochum, 1983, pp. 11–47.
Magdi Youssef (Bochum), "Sociology of the Emergence and Development of European Forms of Theatre in Modern Arabic Literatures," in: Actes du VIIIe Congrès de L'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée: Littératures de diverses cultures au vingtième siècle. (International Comparative Literature Association. Congress), ed. by Béla Köpeczi, György Mihály Vajda – 1980, pp. 207ff.
 Magdi Youssef, al-Tadakhul al-Hadari wa'l Istiqlal al-Fikri (Socio-Cultural Interference and Intellectual Independence), Cairo 1993. (In Arabic).
 Magdi Youssef, "Brecht's Theatre and Social Change in Egypt (1954-71)," in: Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, Cairo University Press, No. 63, May 1994, pp. 59–73. Republished in the first issue of:www.arabstages.org
 Magdi Youssef, "Towards a Multi-Centric Literary Canon: The Arab Contribution, in: Language and Literature Today", in: Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Federation for Modern Languages and Literatures, pp. 496–498 (abstract), in: Language and literature today: proceedings of the XIXth triennial congress of the International Federation for Modern Languages and Literatures ; interdisciplinary approaches to language and literature. Languages and literature in the "global village". (Universidade de Brasília) 1996
Magdi Youssef, The Myth of European Literature (extended version), Aachen-Rotterdam (Symposium Press) 1998.
 Magdi Youssef, "Towards a Real Decentralization of the Literary Canon: The Arab Contribution," in: Horwath, Peter; Hendrickson, William L; Valdivieso, L. Teresa; Thor, Eric P. (eds): Humanism and the Good Life, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the World Federation of Humanists, New York (Peter Lang) 1998, pp. 381–389.
 Magdi Youssef, Min al-Tadakhul ila at-Tafa'ul al-Hadari(From Socio-Cultural Interference to Cross-Cultural Interaction), Cairo (Kitab al-Hilal) 2001. (In Arabic).
 Magdi Youssef, Ma'arik Naqdiyya (Critical Debates), Cairo 2007. 2nd edition.(In Arabic).
 Magdi Youssef,  "From A Philological To A Social-Scientific Approach With Regard To Comparative Literary Research", in: Coutinho, Eduardo F. (ed.): Beyond Binarisms. Proceedings of the 18th International Comparative Literature Association (ICLA) [Conference, held in Rio de Janeiro 2007], Rio de Janeiro 2009.
  Magdi Youssef, " Decolonizing World Literature", in: D'haen, Theo, Jannis Goerland and Roger Sell (eds.): Major versus Minor ?- Languages and Literature in a Globalized World. John Benjamin's Publishing Company: Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2015, pp. 125–140.
 Magdi Youssef, As'ilat al-Manhag al-Naqid ( Questions of a Critical Methodology/Epistemology ), Cairo, 2016, pp 378.
 Magdi Youssef, (ed.and co-author), The Contemporary Arab Contribution To World Culture: An Arab-Western Dialogue, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, pp. 225.

Further reading

Armando Gnisci, Una Storia Diversa [A Different History of World Literature], Roma (Meltemi Editore) 2001.
Armando Gnisci, "Letteratura Globale e Letteratura dei Mondi", in: Sinopoli, F. (ed.), La letteratura europea vista dagli altri,  Roma (Meltemi Editore) 2003.
 Peter Horwath et al. (eds), Humanism and the Good Life, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the World Federation of Humanists, New York (Peter Lang) 1998.
 Stephane Santerres- Sarkany, Théorie de la littérature, Paris (P.U.F. / Que sais-je ?) 1990
 Franca Sinopoli (ed.), La letteratura europea vista dagli altri,  Roma (Meltemi Editore) 2003.
 Franca Sinopoli (ed.), Il mito della letteratura europea, Roma (Meltemi Editore) 1999.

See also

 Magdi Youssef, "Half A Century of Curiosity", in: Al-Hilal (monthly cultural review, Cairo), Aug. 2000, pp. 192–201

References

External links
 Magdi Youssef, "Le monde arabe est victime d'une déculturation," in: Al Ahram hebdo, Nov.16, 2004. Also online:
 Magdi Youssef, "Les implications de la Halqa,"  in: Al Ahram hebdo, Apr. 19–25, 2006
 Magdi Youssef, "Resistance and escape," in: Al Ahram Weekly, April 20, 2006. Also online:
 Magdi Youssef, "Circles to be squared,"  in: Al Ahram Weekly,   May 11, 2006
Mahmoud El-Wardani referred to Youssef as "the renowned culture critic." See: Mahmoud El-Wardani, "At A Glance" (book reviews), in: al Ahram Weekly, Issue No.538, June 14–20, 2001.
Assem El-Dessouqi, "Battles of the mind," in: Al Ahram Weekly, Issue 630, 20–26 March 20–26, 2003.
N. N, "No one listened: Science, independence and grassroots art: a German-based Egyptian scholar offers critical insight into the Arab presentation at the Frankfurt Book Fair," in: Al Ahram Weekly online,  Issue No. 707, Sept. 9-15, 2004.
 Youssef Rakha, "Great expectations / Youssef Rakha wraps up the debates surrounding the Arab world's guest-of-honor contribution to the Frankfurt Book Fair opening this week" in: Al Ahram Weekly online, Issue No. 710, 30 September – 6 October 2004,

 reference to Prof. Youssef on the web page of the  Bibliotheca Alexandrina
 Egyptian Network Member List

Living people
Academic staff of Cairo University
Ain Shams University alumni
Ruhr University Bochum alumni
Academic staff of Tanta University
1936 births


text:
The Duchess of Padua
By Wilde, Oscar
Title: The Duchess of Padua
Author: Wilde, Oscar
Subject: Literature, Literature & thought, Writing.
Publisher: Blackmask Online
Wilde, O. (n.d.). The Duchess of Padua. Retrieved from http://hawaiilibrary.net/
Excerpt: SCENE The Market Place of Padua at noon; in the background is the great Cathedral of Padua; the architecture is Romanesque, and wrought in black and white marbles; a flight of marble steps leads up to the Cathedral door; at the foot of the steps are two large stone lions; the houses on each aide of the stage have coloured awnings from their windows, and are flanked by stone arcades; on the right of the stage is the public fountain, with a triton in green bronze blowing from a conch; around the fountain is a stone seat; the bell of the Cathedral is ringing, and the citizens, men, women and children, are passing into the Cathedral.
Table of Contents: The Duchess of Padua, 1 -- Oscar Wilde, 1 -- Act I, 1 -- Act II, 22 -- Act III, 47 -- Act IV, 65 -- Act V, 89


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text:
Thomas Søndergård, conductor | © Martin Bubandt
SØNDERGÅRD CONDUCTS LA MER
Wed Apr 13, 2022 | 7pm CT
60 min, no intermission
Thomas Søndergård conducts the Minnesota Orchestra in music that speaks of the sea, including Benjamin Britten's Four Sea Interludes and Claude Debussy's unfolding and enchanting La Mer. At the center of the program is Stravinsky's powerful Symphony in Three Movements.
Symphony in 60 features beloved classical composers and pieces in about an hour. We can't wait to share this symphonic masterwork with you.
Drink a beer, fund the music! Join us before the concert during our happy hour featuring brews from MetroNOME brewery. Proceeds go to funding musical instruments, lessons, and education for students in the Twin Cities Metro Area.
Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes
1 min note
One Minute Note
Britten's suite from the opera Peter Grimes offers glimpses of his masterful opera set in a fishing village on the Suffolk coast, complete with sounds of sea birds, the surf—and church bells, reflecting a deadly conflict between villagers and an outcast.
Symphony in Three Movements
Stravinsky's World War II-era symphony bears the mark of its age—at turns violent, somber, militant and triumphant, with emphasis on solo piano and harp. In the finale, a powerful fugue heralds the fall of the Nazis.
Debussy's classic oceanic portrait recreates the feeling of a visit to the sea. Two slower movements surround a scherzo as a kaleidoscopic stream of musical fragments eventually builds to a stormy, dissonant close.
Full Program Notes
Thomas Søndergård
Danish conductor Thomas Søndergård, the newly announced 11th music director of the Minnesota Orchestra, will serve for the 2022-23 season as the ensemble's music director designate before beginning his music director role in September 2023. He is the current music director of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra (RSNO), following six seasons as principal guest conductor. Between 2012 and 2018, he served as principal conductor of BBC National Orchestra of Wales (BBC NOW), after stepping down as principal conductor and musical advisor of the Norwegian Radio Orchestra.
Your Concert Experience
Join us for Q&A's, hosted discussions, exhibits and more. All free with your concert ticket!
First Timer Primer
When: Wed Apr 13 | 6:15pm-6:45pm
Where: Target Atrium
New to the world of the orchestra? Minnesota Orchestra's Emily Switzer and Sarah Grimes will provide tips on concert protocol and an overview of tonight's program. Any and all questions are welcome!
Symphony in 60 concert enhancements include:
Pre-concert activity
One-hour performance
Early start time
$5 Happy Hour


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