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Postdoctoral Fellowships & Opportunities
NCI Training Program in Translational Genomics & Precision Medicine Approaches in Cancer
Our training grant faculty is composed of 14 primary training grant mentors who are well respected researchers with outstanding records of education and training as well as five co-mentors who are young assistant professors with exciting research programs and who add significantly to our teaching curriculum and will train students and postdoctoral fellows in concert with more senior training grant faculty.
Translational Molecular Pathology
Krishna Bhat, Ph.D., assistant professor in the TMP department, will serve as a co-mentor for the T32 training grant. Dr. Bhat's research is focused on understanding the molecular changes that underlie adult brain tumors, particularly glioblastomas (GBMs). Dr. Bhat's laboratory has recently discovered the existence of two major, clinically relevant, molecular subtypes of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Of these, the mesenchymal GSCs are radio-resistant and dependent on a set of transcriptional regulators including the Hippo signaling pathway transcriptional co-activator TAZ, and the pro-inflammatory transcriptional factor NF-kB for their survival. Dr. Bhat is currently using genetic, biochemical and proteomic approaches to identify additional novel regulators of the mesenchymal subtype of glioma and understand how they contribute to therapy resistance. The long term goals of his laboratory is to a) identify novel biomarkers for this disease with a special emphasis on "Tumor Educated Platelet" derived RNA signatures as a means of liquid biopsy for GBM, b) elucidate the molecular network of master transcriptional regulators that promote mesenchymal transition and treatment resistance in GBM, and c) identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities for GSCs.
Ann Killary, Ph.D., is the program director of the T32 training program along with Dr. Wistuba who is the co-program director for the program. Her laboratory is interested in functional genomic approaches to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Her lab is currently focusing on the characterization of a novel tumor suppressor and polarity regulator DEAR1 discovered in her laboratory and its role in the development and progression of breast and pancreatic cancers as well as its mutation/loss of function as a biomarker of poor prognosis in breast cancer.
In addition, her laboratory is investigating the earliest pathways aberrant in pancreatic cancer for biomarker discovery. As a PI of a biomarker discovery laboratory through the NCI's Early Detection Research Network, her laboratory developed a functional genomic pathways based approach for biomarker discovery that has led to biomarker panels that detect early stage pancreatic cancer in the blood.
Lawrence Kwong, Ph.D., is an assistant professor and will serve as a co-mentor in the training grant faculty. Dr. Kwong's laboratory primarily seeks to define novel combination therapies against melanoma and cholangiocarcinoma. The basis of our work mainly leverages sophisticated mouse models, bioinformatics, and human samples to identify, test, and validate new modalities. Previous work focused on MEK and BRAF inhibitors for melanoma, and his current projects expand to immunotherapies and epigenetically-targeted therapies. A major interest is also the determination of drug resistance mechanisms from patient samples. The ultimate goal is to initiate clinical trials that will improve both patient survival and quality of life.
Sue-Hwa Lin, Ph.D., is a professor in TMP and will serve as mentor for this grant. Dr. Lin's laboratory focuses on metastasis of prostate cancer cells to bone and the progression of prostate cancer in bone. Prostate cancer has a propensity to metastasize to bone and induce blastic bone lesions. Dr. Lin has used protein fractionation and proteomics a well as genomic arrays and RNAseq approaches to identify, in bone marrow samples from prostate cancer patients and in patient-derived xenografts, factors that may play significant roles in the progression of prostate cancer cells in bone. Dr. Lin has mentored more than 80 graduate students, 12 postdoctoral fellows, 10 Clinical Residents and Fellows, 24 instructors/Assistant Professors. Dr. Lin was the director of Career Development Program of MD Anderson prostate SPORE for the past 10 years.
Sendurai Mani, Ph.D., is an associate professor in TMP and co-director of Metastasis Research Center, as well as Center for Stem cell and Developmental Biology. Dr. Mani will serve as a mentor for this grant. Dr. Mani pioneered studies to elucidate the connection between the latent embryonic program epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). His laboratory investigates the role of EMT and CSCs is the development of resistance to therapies and in cancer metastasis. Dr. Mani, in collaboration with Dr. Stacy Moulder (Breast Medical Oncology), Dr. John Heymach (Thoracic Oncology) and Dr. Wistuba (TMP) by targeting EMT and CSCs to treat tumor relapse and cancer metastasis. Dr. Mani and his team uses genomics, proteomic and systems biology approach for developing precision medicine for tumor relapse and cancer metastasis.
Subrata Sen, Ph.D., is a professor and deputy chair of TMP and will serve as a mentor for this grant. He is an internationally recognized expert in cancer genetics and genomics and has made landmark discoveries in the field on projects aimed at identifying genetic alterations in cancer and characterizing their functional significance in the tumorigenic transformation process. Dr. Sen's pioneering research led to the discovery of the mitotic kinase Aurora A as an oncogene, and the initial elucidation of its dysregulation in cancer. Dr. Sen has firmly established the role of elevated Aurora A function in the tumorigenic transformation process and has performed translational studies on the utility of Aurora A as a biomarker for cancer progression in addition to characterizing Aurora A pathway proteins as putative therapeutic targets in several different cancer types. Currently, clinical trials are ongoing with Aurora inhibitors for cancer throughout the world including three at MD Anderson. An Aurora-A In situ hybridization assay of voided urine samples of bladder cancer patients for monitoring disease, developed by his lab and their collaborators at MD Anderson, has been licensed by Abbott Molecular Inc. and a patent for the assay has been issued. Dr. Sen's laboratory has also been pursuing complementing functional genomic strategies to develop early detection biomarkers for cancer and published miRNA biomarker panels to discriminate pancreatic cancer from normal controls in the blood and in pancreatic cyst fluid.
Rama Soundararajan, Ph.D. , is an associate professor in the TMP department, and will be a co-mentor for this training program. Her research expertise is in contextual cellular signaling, and in the laboratory/preclinical testing of signaling modifiers that selectively target cancer metastases. Her current research involves: 1) molecular analyses to elucidate the mechanistic determinants of metastatic competence in breast/prostate carcinoma cells, and 2) development of targeted therapies for neuroendocrine prostate cancers and triple-negative breast cancers, including the testing/validation of patient-derived xenograft models to aid translation of the identified precision medicine approaches. Having received several national and international awards for outstanding scientific research, she has significant experience leading and managing multiple research groups/projects including serving as PI on several independent grants (from the NIH, NIDDK, the American Heart Association, as well as from UCSF), collaborated with multiple researchers and produced many high-impact peer-reviewed publications from these projects. Dr. Soundararajan serves as director of ITERT and has over 12 years of experience in graduate students and postdoctoral/clinical fellows training. She contributed to a unique educational experience at UCSF designed to inform clinical fellows about the practices of basic science research at the bench (Renal Research Conference Series). At MD Anderson, she directs the ITERT Journal Club, a highly successful instructor-led training platform. She is the recipient of the June 2016 Faculty Educator Award at MD Anderson in recognition of her significant contribution to teaching excellence.
Ignacio Wistuba, M.D., is professor and chair of TMP who serve as program co-director/PI with Dr. Killary, as well as a mentor. One of Dr. Wistuba's major research interests is the elucidation of the molecular abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer, and the development of cancer predictive biomarkers for therapy. His studies also include identifying new molecular targets, validating biomarkers for targeted therapy and immunotherapy (e.g., BATTLE trials, Lung Cancer Consortium trials, MD Anderson Strategic Alliances on clinical trials), and identifying molecular markers (genomic intra-tumor heterogeneity, oncogenes activation, tumor microenvironment) associated with lung cancer tumor development, progression, and metastasis development using annotated human specimens and state-of-the-art molecular pathology approaches. Furthermore, he has established an invaluable tissue bank resource for thoracic malignancies at MD Anderson with more than 4,000 frozen and archival lung cancer and airway epithelia specimens from patients and a database of clinical, pathologic, and molecular information associated with these samples. Additionally, he oversees the MD Anderson Institutional Tissue Bank and Research Histology Core facilities and the translational research team on a number of biomarker-driven clinical trials on precision medicine, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, on solid tumors and hematological neoplasms.
Clinical Cancer Prevention
Florence McAllister, M.D., is an assistant professor and will serve as a T32 co-mentor. She is director of the MD Anderson high risk clinic for inherited pancreatic cancer susceptibility and oversees mutation screening, and early detection for family members. She is a physician-scientist interested in immunoprevention and cancer prevention with focus in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Her laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of immune cells to the very early pancreatic pre-neoplastic lesions and the effect of these cells on the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. During tumor
initiation and development, recruited immune cells establish a dynamic and close interaction with the neoplastic epithelium as well as with the fibrotic stroma, ultimately affecting tumor behavior. Her lab has taken several approaches: 1) Use of genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models that mimic the development of human pancreatic cancer to dissect the role of immune cells in the regulation of cancer development; 2) Generation of GEM-immune reporter mice with the goal of performing multi-parametric cell sorting on particular types of immune cells at early and late stage of tumorigenesis for transcriptome analysis and for imaging studies aimed to determine cellular location and dynamics; 3) Utilization of bone marrow transplantation to test the functionality of specific immune cells or molecules in GEM models of pancreatic cancer; and, 4) Molecular characterization of the immune and epithelial human cells obtained from patients with pre-neoplastic lesions and pancreatic cancer to confirm the human significance of the experimental findings.
Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, M.D., is an assistant professor and physician-scientist, a medical oncologist by training, and a T32 mentor. His clinical expertise and practice is entirely focused in the care of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and families with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes. His long term research goal is to identify novel chemopreventive interventions for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancers arising in a genetic background (hereditary syndrome). In order to accomplish this overarching goal, his lab is characterizing the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of polyps using next-generation sequencing approaches and identifying new targets using systems biology tools. In parallel, his research group has been systematically applying this workflow to genetically engineered mouse models that mimic the natural history of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes to perform cross-species comparisons and validate novel preventive agents and biomarkers. By studying premalignant polypoid lesions in hereditary conditions, Dr. Vilar-Sanchez expects to impact the survival of these patients and families affected by these diseases, and also the general population, due to the fact that these conditions serve as a model to understand the biology of sporadic colorectal cancer.
Paul Scheet, Ph.D., is an associate professor, and will serve as a mentor on the training grant. His research involves cancer genomics, human genetics, epidemiology, statistics and computer science. He has an established track record of statistical methods development in the field of genetic epidemiology and a growing one in computational cancer biology and collaborations for discovery of germline genetic variation underpinning complex disease. In addition, his laboratory has established translational research projects pairing novel statistical methods (e.g. hapLOH, Vattathil & Scheet, 2013) and applied computational support (e.g. data analysis workflows) in the following projects: spatial-temporal resolution of the evolution of NSCLC via molecular profiling of the field of cancerization; identification of novel drivers of carcinogenesis through molecular characterization of premalignant colorectal polyps; cancer in silico drug discovery through systems biology; discovery of germline risk alleles for pancreatic cancer; and, molecular diagnosis of loco-regional metastasis.
Ralf Krahe, Ph.D., is a professor in the Genetics department and will serve as a mentor in this training grant. Research in the Krahe laboratory focuses on the identification and characterization of human disease genes and their mutations/variants, including inherited cancer syndromes (Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) and the myotonic dystrophies (DM), by classic and molecular genetics and genomics/computational approaches. The Krahe lab mapped a novel LFS predisposition locus to 1q23, the gene of which they are identifying the candidate gene. In p53 and non-p53 LFS, there is evidence for risk modifiers and factors in addition to the inherited susceptibility.
Dr. Krahe is using integrated approaches combining genomic and epigenomic profiling to dissect the complex genetic and epigenetic events underlying LFS tumorigenesis. To dissect the pathophysiological consequences of variant genes, his laboratory is generating suitable LFS mouse models. LFS predisposition and/or modifier genes may also be functionally important in other tumor types lacking a clear genetic predisposition. The molecular characterization and classification of sporadic cancers (head and neck and lung cancer, and gliomas) through genomics methodologies to identify genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic changes underlying tumor initiation, progression and metastasis is another focus.
Sadhan Majumder, Ph.D., is a professor and will serve as a mentor on the T32 training program. Dr. Majumder's laboratory studies biological mechanisms and then build on the lessons learned from those studies using multiple methods including genomics, bioinformatics, biochemistry, cell biology, and mouse genetics. The laboratory works in close collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians. One of the first projects in his laboratory focused on advancing understanding of the childhood brain tumor medulloblastoma (MB) as a foundation for patient-specific therapeutic approaches. Dr. Majumder discovered that the transcriptional repressor REST is aberrantly overexpressed in a subclass of MB tumors and that a unique role of REST in these MB tumors is to block differentiation of the cerebellar stem/progenitor cells. This work was exciting because his lab, using REST-VP16, and others, using HDAC- and DNMT1-inhibitors, could block REST function in MB. Dr. Majumder's work then evolved into an investigation of the mechanisms of stemness in neural stem cells, muscle progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells and glioblastoma stem cells. Based on their understanding of these mechanisms, in one line of work, Dr. Majumder's lab made the pivotal discovery of converting muscle progenitor cells into functional neurons before the iPS system was published. His other work involves developing "personalized" treatment regimens for glioblastoma patient care.
Nick Navin, Ph.D., is an associate professor who will serve as mentor in the T32. He is an internationally recognized scientist for his seminal work on developing and applying single cell sequencing techniques to study cancer. Dr. Navin conducted his graduate training at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory through a joint program with Stony Brook University. During this time, he developed the first genomic method to study spatial intratumor heterogeneity and showed that this approach could be used to reconstruct tumor evolution in breast Dr. Navin's postdoctoral training was also performed at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, under the mentorship of Dr. Michael Wigler, where he developed the first DNA single cell sequencing method (Navin et al. 2011, Nature). He applied this approach to study copy number evolution in triple-negative breast cancer, which revealed a punctuated model of chromosome evolution. This seminal study demonstrated the technical feasibility of single cell genome sequencing and helped to establish a new field of biology: single cell genomics. Dr. Nicholas Navin is currently an associate professor at the MDACC, where he holds a dual appointment in the Departments of Genetics and Bioinformatics. Dr. Navin is also the co-director of the MD Anderson Sequencing and Microarray Core Facility. His laboratory uses single cell sequencing methods to study clonal diversity and evolution in breast cancer, to understand complex biological processes including invasion, metastasis and the evolution of chemoresistance. He is collaborating closely with many clinical groups at MDACC to translate single cell sequencing technologies into the clinic to improve the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Dr. Navin has been the recipient of many prestigious awards and fellowships, including the AAAS Wachtel Award, ACS Research Scholar Award, the Andrew Sabin Fellowship, the Wilson Stone Award, the Randall Innovator Award and the Damon-Runyon Innovator Award.
Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
Scott Kopetz, M.D., Ph.D. is currently Deputy Chair of the Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Program Leader of the GI Program of the Cancer Center Support Grant at UTMDACC. Dr. Kopetz is well versed in multidisciplinary care of and translational research for GI cancer patients. His laboratory is funded by multiple NIH-funded grants. He serves as chair of the Colon Cancer Task Force, and is Vice-Chair for Colon Cancer in the NSABP/RTG/GOG (NRG) Cooperative Group. Dr. Kopetz is a leader of the GI Cancer Center Support Grant at MD Anderson and the Colorectal Cancer Moonshot, a multi- disciplinary effort to improve the survival of this disease beyond incremental advances. He has authored over 300 peer-reviewed articles in respected scientific journals Scott Kopetz, M.D., Ph.D., such as New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Medicine, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lancet, Nature Reviews Cancer, Cancer Research, Lancet Oncology, Clinical Cancer Research, and JAMA. He is a senior editor for Clinical Cancer Research. Dr. Kopetz has developed a translational and clinical trial program in BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer, which has resulted in addition of combination therapy with a BRAF inhibitor to the current treatment guidelines. He also co-lead the clinical trial resulting in the FDA-approval of nivolumab and ipilimumab for mismatch repair deficient tumors. He also is an innovator in the development and implementation of circulating tumor DNA into clinical management, including interrogation of mechanisms of resistance, evaluation of minimal residual disease, and integration into clinical trial designs. Further research efforts include the development of the Consensus Molecular Subtypes, an RNA- based methodology for CRC classification that is now being widely integrated in retrospective and clinical trial efforts.
Hematopathology & Pathology
Jason T. Huse, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor in the TMP department, will serve as a co-mentor for the T32 training grant. Dr. Huse and his research group are focused on characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying primary and secondary brain cancer, with a specific focus on epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. Recent functional work from the Huse lab has delineated the epigenetic consequences of ATRX deficiency in malignant glioma, along with its impact on global genomic instability and the immune microenvironment. Multiple strategies for therapeutic targeting have emerged from this work, and additional pre-clinical studies are ongoing. Additionally, the lab is exploring early-stage etiological events in malignant glioma through extensive tissue profiling, correlating germline genetic polymorphisms with patterns of somatic alterations. Findings from these studies should inform downstream functional analyses directly implicating 3D-chromatin architecture in specific oncogenic events. Finally, the lab has performed extensive integrated molecular profiling of brain metastasis samples, identifying metabolic and immune-related phenotypes amenable to treatment strategies. Single-cell sequencing approaches are now being utilized to interrogate molecular heterogeneity within brain metastases and characterize its functional impact.
Timothy McDonnell, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor and will serve as mentor in the T32. His research program is devoted to mechanistic studies focused on clinically relevant issues including molecular mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. A variety of approaches are employed varying from histopathology to molecular biology. Until joining the Department of Hematopathology several years ago as Deputy Chair much of his research effort was devoted to studies of solid tumors, including cancers of the prostate and skin. Since joining MDACC his research focus has been reoriented to the study of hematolymphoid malignancies and the role of signaling events commonly altered in lymphoid malignancies such as those mediated by the sonic hedgehog and TP53 signaling axes. Further, his laboratory has devoted considerable effort to developing and adapting methodologies to undertake genome-wide assessments from human tumor samples, including archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. The ultimate goal of these studies is to enable rational stratification of patients with cancer and develop effective, mechanism-based therapies.
Anirban Maitra, M.D., M.B.B.S., is a professor of Pathology and TMP, and scientific director of the Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center at MD Anderson, Houston (since August 2013). He will serve as mentor in this grant. Dr. Maitra is a board-certified pathologist, with specialty expertise in pancreatic and GI pathology. Dr. Maitra is PI of a NIH-funded laboratory dedicated to pancreatic cancer research. Dr. Maitra has extensive familiarity of working with, and leading, large diverse teams of investigators engaged in a focused area of research. Dr. Maitra is Co-Leader of the MD Anderson Pancreatic Cancer Moon Shot project a multi-disciplinary effort to improve the survival of this disease beyond incremental advances. The Moon Shot effort encompasses many of the highest priority areas for progress in pancreatic cancer identified by the NCI in a 2014 white paper, including Ras-targeted therapies, immuno-oncology, and early detection. Dr. Maitra's career has been defined by contributions made in the spheres of genetics and molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions, mouse models of pancreatic neoplasia, and experimental therapeutics in pancreatic cancer. He has published over 300 peer-reviewed publications, three dozen book chapters, and a comparable number of invited editorials, the vast majority of which are focused on pancreatic cancer research and /or clinical care. He has also trained close to 40 postdoctoral fellows and graduate students, many of whom are now in independent faculty positions in the United States or worldwide.


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Submission on new National Security Law of PRC in Relation to Human Rights Protection
Hong Kong Journalists Association, International Federation of Journalists and Independent Commentators Association welcome the public consultation for the People's Republic of China National Security Law(draft)(Second reading draft)( hereafter new National Security Law) announced by the Standing Committee of National People's Congress. These three organizations believe that the public consultation is an important step towards improving this law and resolving doubts. It is also an advancement towards democratization and transparency of the legislative process.
In general, we believe there is a lack of human rights protection in the new National Security Law. The reasons are as follows:
1. The concept of human security was introduced in the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Report in 1994. It systematically describes the paradigm of "people-centred" in this new concept of global security, which lays down the concept of human security as the foundation of national and global security. And human security is embodied in human rights. It is clearly outlined in the report that the realization of global security requires sufficient protection on the realization of human rights. In other words, human rights protection is the foundation of national security protection. An increasing number of countries have accepted this new perspective on national security promoted by the United Nations. Evaluating the new National Security Law from this perspective, we find that it puts too much emphasis on the protection of national security and yet is lacking in protection of human rights, the foundation of national security.
2. The New National Security Law covers an overly broad range of areas, not in alignment with The Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information which have been stipulated by international experts and widely adopted globally, thus rendering it easily subject to abuse, and infringement of human rights. On this, we urge the Standing Committee of the National Peoples' Congress to refer to the "Johannesburg Principles" when revising the New National Security Law.
In the following sections, we will focus on the sectors which are the most relevant to journalists and submit our recommendation for revisions.
1. Provisions that should be deleted
A) "State's power to govern" in Article 2 should be deleted
In the new National Security Law, state's power to govern is listed as the first subject to protect (In the first draft, it was "to consolidate the status of the ruling party"). We propose to delete the "state's power to govern" and the reasons are as follows:
(i) Four cardinal principles i.e. Mao Zedong Thought & Marxism-Leninism, people's democratic dictatorship, socialist path and the leadership of the Communist Party of China have been upholded in the preamble to China's constitution. In Article 1, it also clearly spells out the nature and system of the nation, with emphasis on "Disruption of the socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited". Therefore, the security of "state's power to govern" has been sufficiently protected in the constitution and it is not necessary to add further legislative protection.
(ii) Article 2 of China's Constitution specifies, "All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people". In theory, one of the people's power is to choose the political regime and political party. Using legislation to ensure certain type of regime and governing party to remain in power is restricting people's choice, and theoretically, an infringement on people's power.
(iii) Article 5 of China's Constitution emphases "No laws or administrative or local rules and regulations may contravene the Constitution." If there is a law protecting the ruling party's governing status, it means that the ruling party will be immune from impeachment, criticism or even stepping down from power. These privileges contravene the constitution.
(iv) Objectively speaking, the security of the ruling party should be guaranteed by its governance effect and achievements, not by law. From a historical point of view, there is no ruling party securing its eternal governing status through law.
(v) If the priority is given to secure the state's power to govern, this will become a mistake with no separation of the state and the party, or the integration of party and state. And this will put enormous pressure on the work of journalists since reporting and criticizing governing officials' blunder may easily be perceived as endangering national security.
Obviously, this article is in violation of the Constitution, historical lessons and reinforcing the mistake of the lack of separation of the state from the ruling party, and therefore, it is imperative to delete this article.
B) Article 20 concerning cultural security should be removed
We believe that the cultural security mentioned in Article 20 of the new National Security Law should be deleted. The reasons are as follows:
(i) It is not appropriate to regulate the matters in the ideological domain through law, otherwise, freedom of expression will be restricted and even smothered. The unnecessary restriction will unavoidably cause harm to the individual as a chilling effect will result. Eventually, the damage done to the individual will aggregate and transform the society into a muted community, making society as a whole suffer. China should learn the lessons from the historical events that led to the open door policy.
(ii) History, especially China history since 1949, shows that controlling ideology has been precisely the reasons for social unrest and instability. Another example is the former Soviet Union's and Eastern Europe's prolonged control over ideology that eventually led to their regimes' loss of power. The stipulation of this article will sow the seeds of national unrest.
(iii) The phrase "defending and resisting against negative cultural seepage" in Article 20 is the sword of Damocles' over journalists as the work of journalists is about introducing and discussing new thinking, new perspectives and new things. Journalists' can be easily accused of committing an offence under this stipulation of "negative culture"
C) The last part of Article 26 concerning information security must be deleted
We believe Article 26 of the new National Security Law, which covers information security, must be deleted. It states:
"Strengthen management of the internet, preventing and punishing unlawful criminal activity on the Internet, including network attacks, cyber theft and the dissemination of unlawful and harmful information; maintain cyber space sovereignty, security and development interests."
The reasons it should be deleted are as follows:
(i) The concept of "cyberspace sovereignty" may alter the unique feature of the Internet – that it is borderless – and become an obstacle to the free flow of information. It will further strengthen the already tight control of the Internet on the Mainland. It is totally non-beneficial to the people's ability to obtain information from the internet, to exchange views, disseminate thoughts and monitor the government.
(ii) For journalists, obtaining information from the Internet, including exclusive information and compiling views from different parties has already become a habitual part of the reporting process. Under the new regulations, such legitimate journalistic activities may be regarded as an infringement upon national security. The legislation would cast a shadow over journalistic works.
2. Provisions to balance sovereign power should be added
From our reporting experiences, we understand that numerous acts of the persecution of citizens and violation of human rights are carried out in the name of national security. It will be especially easy for serious violations of human rights to occur in implementing provisions in four main areas of the new National Security Law. These are:
(i) Article 21 on security in the ethnic regions
(ii) Article 22 regarding religious security
(iii) Article 23 on terrorism
(iv) Article 24 on social and public security
Furthermore, we must emphasize that the scope of what is to be protected is poorly defined in the draft, yet it is of vital importance to the interests of the masses. Journalists cannot deprive the people of their right to know and are duty bound to report. Therefore, in drafting the new National Security Law, we think an appropriate balance must be sought between protecting national security and citizens' rights.
Although Article 7 of the draft of the new National Security Law states, "The maintenance of national security should follow the Constitution and law, and uphold the principle of socialist rule of law, respect and protect human rights, and protect citizens' rights and freedom in accordance with law," the wording is too general and cannot provide legal recourse to those whose rights have been infringed.
We propose that there should be additional articles to safeguard human rights in the legislation. Otherwise, the legislation will become the basis for a policy of "protecting national security in name, cracking down on human rights in reality." We propose the article be amended to the following:
Article 7: In maintaining national security, the Constitution and law must be abided by, human rights must be respected and protected, the people's rights to freely obtain information, to a free press and freedom of assembly must be protected according to law.
3. Complementary reforms
As the proposed legislation covers a wide range of areas and many aspects of the people's daily life, the people may fall foul of it at every turn. In view of this, we propose that before such legislation is launched, authorities must first consider the following supporting reforms:
A) To produce a Chinese "Human Rights Law", as a statement of intent to implement Article 33 of the Chinese Constitution on the protection of human rights, and to implement China's pledge to honour its international obligations as a signatory of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). China signed the covenant in late 1998, but 17 years on, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has yet to ratify the covenant, meaning international human rights law cannot yet be realized on the Mainland. Therefore, it is a matter of urgency to produce a Chinese human rights law to realize China's constitutional requirement, to ratify the ICCPR and to amend accordingly the relevant Chinese laws that are not in line with the ICCPR.
B) To rescind two official replies handed down by the Supreme People's Court in 1955 and 1986 respectively, so as to allow the courts to invoke provisions in the constitution to protect human rights.
The Supreme People's Court gave an official reply once in 1955 and again in 1986, namely Court Reply #11298 of 1955 and Court Reply #31 of 1986, stating that the courts should not directly invoke relevant provisions from the Constitution in court proceedings. These two official replies effectively remove the authority of the Constitution by eliminating its power to protect the people's rights. We propose the authorities consider rescinding these two official replies and restore the Constitution's function to protect the people's rights as soon as possible.
C) To establish at the earliest instance, a system to investigate violations of the Constitution in order to deal with violations of private rights that may arise after the rapid expansion of sovereign power once the new National Security Law is passed.
Currently, without a system to investigate violations of the Constitution, victims in the many cases in which private rights are violated by sovereign rights have no channels of appeal and recourse. In order to realise the requirements on "citizens basic rights and responsibilities" in Chapter Two of the Constitution, there is a need to establish a system for investigating violations of the Constitution.
D) Amend relevant parts of Criminal Procedure Law that require cases involving national security to be tried in closed court.
According to the 22nd Article of the Johannesburg Principles on National Security, defendants should have the right to trial in an independent court. In most cases, the defendant will be tried by jury. Therefore, the Mainland's secret court proceedings may go against international standards. If China adopts the new National Security Law, with its sweeping coverage of many areas which far exceeds the traditional concept of national security, alongside the current requirement for secret trials, then many issues relating to politics, the economy, society, culture and technology will be placed in the realm of things that must not be exposed. This not only goes against international standards, it also contravenes the judicial reforms the Central Government is pushing, and prevents the public from witnessing the courts carrying out their proceedings in a just and fair manner.
If the public is unable to see the protagonists in a case being given the chance to have a fair trial, this will add to the lack of transparency in society and hurt social stability. Before the new National Security Law is implemented, we believe authorities must first require that trials be held openly rather than behind closed doors, so that justice can be seen to be done before the people.
E) As the new National Security Law will unavoidably restrict citizens' rights, authorities should offer defendants all possible means of assistance in accordance with international standards, including the right of habeas corpus and to allow defendants to request special relief measures from the courts when their personal rights are being violated.
We hope you accept the above recommendations.
Anthony Bellanger
Deputy General Secretary
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
Sham Yee-Lan
Hong Kong Journalists Association (HKJA)
Bruce Lui
Independent Commentators Association (ICA)
香港記者協會對《國歌條例草案》建議內容之意見書 (Chinese only)
Submission on new National Security Law of PRC in Relation to principle of "One Country Two Systems"
HKJA's submission to Legco on the Editorial Independence of RTHK
in Submissions
HKJA Submission to United Nations Human Rights Committee on Press Freedom from the Perspective of Hong Kong Journalists
Response to LRC Access to Information Consultation Paper (Deadline 5 March!)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Located in Lodi, California, but with their minds firmly focused on Las Vegas, Leading Edge Motorsports (LEM) is primed and ready for the upcoming Superkarts! USA (SKUSA) SuperNationals. As one of the premier teams in the Superkarts! USA program, Greg Bell and his talented group of competitors will travel to 'Sin City' for the biggest event on the 2017 calendar, SuperNationals 21.
"It has been a good year for us and I am positive that we can close it out on a high note," explained Leading Edge Motorsports Greg Bell. "We have never had a more talented group of drivers enter the SuperNats and I have a good feeling about this one. The Praga and Formula K chassis have been on point in SKUSA competition and we would like nothing more than to end the weekend with multiple victories."
Leading the way into Las Vegas is former SuperNats Champion and factory Formula K driver Gary Carlton. A consistent frontrunner in SKUSA competition, Carlton will be pulling double duty in Las Vegas as he will throw his hat into the mix in both the S1 and KZ categories. Joining Carlton in both the gearbox classes will be European race winner and French pilot Jeremy Iglesias. Piloting Formula K chassis, Carlton and Iglesias will look to work together to find their way to the front of the field come Super Sunday.
Making a return to the SuperNationals competition will be Californian driver Ryan Phinny as he will look to do battle in the S1 division. A former national race winner and champion, Phinny has had tenures in the Formula BMW Series, Firestone Indy Lights Series and American Le Mans Series and will now look to return to his roots and strike gold in Las Vegas.
Bell continued, "Ryan was a great karter back in his junior days but I am excited to have him in a SwedeTech powered Formula K chassis."
Rounding out the SKUSA SuperNationals driver lineup will be S2 driver Kol Bailey and X30 Senior driver Worawong Komarakul. Both drivers will be on the 2018 Praga Dragon EVO2 and will look to battle their way to the front in some of the most competitive classes SKUSA has to offer.
With a company slogan of "Winning Never Gets Old," Greg Bell is also looking to coin the phrase, "Win on Sunday and Sell on Monday."
"Following the SuperNationals, all of Leading Edge Motorsports chassis will be available for purchase," explained Bell. "Whether they are picked up Sunday following the event, or we ship from our shop in California, everything must go as we prepare for the start of the 2018 racing season."
Leading Edge Motorsports has already begun preparations for the 2018 season. With arrive and drive opportunities available in all classes including X30 Senior, X30 Junior and Mini Swift in both the national and regional levels of SKUSA competition as well as the KPX 206 program. With a race winning program and success for years, Leading Edge Motorsports will continue to give their customers the highest attention possible with no more than eight drivers under the team tent.
Leading Edge Motorsports Heads to Phoenix with Four Hungry Drivers


text:
News Corp employee lashes Murdoch reporting of bushfires
News National News Corp employee lashes Murdoch reporting of bushfires
1:58pm, Jan 10, 2020 Updated: 2:50pm, Oct 1
The email was highly critical of News Corp's reporting.
Samantha Dick Reporter
A News Corp employee has slammed the organisation for spreading "climate change denial and lies" through "irresponsible" and "dangerous reporting" on Australia's catastrophic bushfires.
In an email, obtained by The New Daily, Emily Townsend, a commercial finance manager at the company, hit out at executive chairman Michael Miller after he sent a company-wide email talking up all the ways News Corp is helping communities affected by the bushfire crisis.
In the email addressed to Mr Miller, which was was distributed to all News Corp Australia staff, Ms Townsend said she was grateful for the company's fundraising efforts, but added that it did "not offset the impact News Corp reporting has had over the last few weeks".
"I have been severely impacted by the coverage of News Corp publications in relation to the fires, in particular the misinformation campaign that has tried to divert attention away from the real issue which is climate change to focus on arson (including misrepresenting facts)," Ms Townsend wrote.
I find it unconscionable to continue working for this company, knowing I am contributing to the spread of climate change denial and lies."
The email was reportedly deleted from New Corp staff inboxes within an hour of it being sent.
A copy of Ms Townsend's email obtained by The New Daily.
Four hours later on Friday afternoon, News Corp issued a statement to The New Daily on behalf of Mr Miller.
The statement claimed Ms Townsend had resigned in December and was due to leave News Corp shortly.
"We respect Ms Townsend's right to hold her views, but we do not agree with them," the statement reads.
"Our coverage has recognised that Australia is having a serious conversation about climate change and how to respond to it," it said.
"However, it has also reflected there are a variety of views and opinions about the current fire crisis. The role of arsonists and policies that may have contributed to the spread of fire are, therefore, legitimate stories to report in the public interest.
"Contrary to what some critics have argued, News Corp does not deny climate change or the gravity of its threat. However, we – as is the traditional role of a publisher – do report a variety of views and opinions on the issue and many others that are important in the public discourse on the fires."
Rupert Murdoch's influential newspapers and television stations have been widely criticised in recent weeks for spreading misinformation about climate change during Australia's out-of-control bushfires.
The Australian has repeatedly argued that this year's fires are no worse than those of the past – a claim which scientists have slammed as untrue.
Ms Townsend's decision to write a damning letter condemning News Corp's coverage has been welcomed by some current and former employees of the company.
The New Daily is aware of a growing discomfort among News Corp employees with how reporting on the crisis is being handled.
While afraid to speak openly for fear of reprisals from the company, some News Corp employees were quietly cheering their colleague's stance.
One current employee described it as "huge", while another said it was "amazing".
"We're all pretty thrilled," another current news reporter said.
So far, more than 12 million acres have burned, and more of New South Wales has been burned in 2019 alone than the previous 15 years combined.
This week, an independent study also found online bots and trolls had been exaggerating the role of arson in the fires, at the same time that an article in The Australian that made similar claims started trending on the newspaper's website.
'Things look very grim': From WA to NSW it's bad and about to get a whole lot worse


text:
Q: Remove parts of items in a list? I have data stored in a list, basically in the following format:
['http://www.website.com/category/apples',
'http://www.website.com/category/oranges',
'http://www.website.com/category/bananas',
'http://www.website.com/category/pears']

There are about 900 unique links contained within this list. I want to return the text after category (e.g. apples, oranges, etc.)
This probably is done through a for loop like the following, but I'm getting stuck with the right functions to use. This is what I have so far, basically. The list is saved in links.
for l in links:
    new_list = l.search('category')
    return l

How can I optimize what is essentially "trimming" each element in my list?

A: l = ['http://www.website.com/category/apples',
'http://www.website.com/category/oranges',
'http://www.website.com/category/bananas',
'http://www.website.com/category/pears']

li =  [ x[x.rindex('/')+1:] for x in l ]

print(li)

OUTPUT
['apples', 'oranges', 'bananas', 'pears']

A: This is where you use regular expressions.  You match your string against a regular expression that matches "category/", then use the parenthesis operator to return the characters after that.
import re
for l in links:
    m = re.match('.+/category/(.+)', l)
    new_list.append(m.group(1))
return new_list

To optimize, you can pre-compile the expression, which is probably worth doing for 900+ strings:
import re
cat = re.compile('.+/category/(.+)')
for l in links:
    new_list.append(cat.match(l).group(1))
return new_list

And this can be done in a list comprehension instead of a for loop:
import re
cat = re.compile('.+/category/(.+)')
return [cat.match(l).group(1) for l in links]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hemingway and Castro: One Last Hurrah
Culture/Politics
A picture of Hemingway, mere months from suicide, has him leaning drunkenly against a wall separating him precariously from a bullfight, guzzling a bottle. The immediate impression is one of pity toward an old man pathetically trying to recapture days of glory in a setting that once made such days possible.
The same could be said of the photos of Hemingway with Cuban dictator Fidel Castro; one more last hurrah for an old man pining for Spanish Civil War days when he was relatively young and still capable of writing.
Although the Cuban regime then and now, under Fidel's successor, his brother Raul, promotes a warm relationship between the writer and the Castro government, the relationship was one-sided, and touches the heart all the more since the warmth came solely from Hemingway.
In a mid-80s tour of Communist Cuba, writer Jacobo Timmerman interviewed the rebels that knew Hemingway the year before his suicide, and despite the propaganda, did not view him as a comrade:
"The revolutionaries never viewed Hemingway sympathetically; he had taken little interest in Cuba … or in the fight against Batista or in the bearded guerillas of the Sierra Maestra…. Since Hemingway's suicide, in 1961, attempts have been made to infer signs of sympathy for Cuba on his part, affinities, a declaration, a gesture. Although it's never stated explicitly, the tourist gets the impression that Hemingway supported Fidel Castro, that the writer is part of the Revolution. The truth is that … the regime never managed to establish a solid link between Hemingway and Castroism."
But Hemingway tried. By 1959, depressed, even more suicidal than usual, owing to writer's block and impotence, Hemingway sought the activities that once staved off such demons: bullfighting and supporting revolutions. When Castro took power in 1959, Hemingway praised him.
And, as with Spanish Communists in the 1930s, Hemingway made excuses for mass executions by leftists. He refused to condem the Castro brothers executing en masse their opponents after hasty show trials in a national stadium.
Even after it was apparent that Castro was moving in a more pro-Soviet direction, Hemingway saw something worthwhile ("precious" as he put it to pro-Castro journalist Herbert Mathews) still in the Cuban Revolution. Hemingway, according to friends, adopted the pro-Soviet tactic of taking the long view of History, and refused to be sidetracked from the big picture by any "temporary" revolutionary excesses.
But even Hemingway began to be troubled by the regime. This dislike of the Castro regime vilifying the United States, praising the Soviets, and forcing Americans to leave the country even led him into the place that would host his suicide: Idaho. A.E Hotchner, his friend who was with him before the fatal shot-gun blast, believed had Castro not castigated his country, Hemingway might have shot himself in Havana.
And that would have been hard for the regime to spin in a positive direction.
Ron Capshaw
Ron Capshaw is a Senior Contributor to The Liberty Conservative from Midlothian, Va. His work has appeared in National Review, The Weekly Standard, and the American Spectator.
Morley: Destructive Paranoia In The CIA During The Cold War
Diana Trilling: Guerrilla Feminist
Kim Philby In Moscow: Not What He Wished For
College Leftists Grow So Unhinged That Even Joe Biden Is Crying Foul
Conquest at 100
Frank Mankiewicz: Not Following In Dad's Footsteps


text:
SEC Goes After Norman Hsu
October 7, 2008 COURTHOUSE NEWS STAFF
LOS ANGELES (CN) – Norman Hsu defrauded investors of $60 million in a Ponzi scheme, the SEC claims in Federal Court. Hsu, a politically connected campaign donor who favored Democrats, is in jail awaiting trial on federal criminal charges.
"Hsu and his company used investor funds to make significant political contributions to prominent politicians," SEC Enforcement Director Linda Chatman Thomsen said in a press release. "He allegedly then used the veneer of respectability created by his political connections to persuade his investors that the investments he offered were legitimate. This deception convinced investors to continue to invest with Hsu, even as he and his company allegedly siphoned away investor funds to pay for his own extravagant lifestyle and to finance a Ponzi scheme."
Hsu allegedly told investors his company, Next Components, had high-level contacts in the Chinese technology and apparel industries. His arrest, escape, and re-surrender in 2007 embarrassed law enforcement officials, when it was found that he had been sought on warrants since 1992 for a fraud conviction.
The SEC complaint claims that from January 2003 through September 2007, Hsu told investors that Next Components would pool their funds to finance bridge loans that would generate investor returns of 14 to 24 percent every 70 to 130 days. But it was a classic Ponzi scam, with new money used to pay off old investors, while Hsu drained it to live the high life, and make political donations that burnished his reputation, the SEC claims.
← EU Producer Prices Fall
Shareholder Class Action →


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using WumpusHunt.Models.Items;

namespace WumpusHunt.Models.Agent
{
    public interface IAgent
    {
        int Score { get; }
        Direction CurrentDirection { get; set; }
        void GiveItem(IItem item);
        void RemoveItem(IItem item);
        IEnumerable<IItem> Inventory { get; }
        string GetAction();
        void AddScore(int toAdd);
        void ResetScore();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
#pragma once
#include <aws/ec2/EC2_EXPORTS.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSStreamFwd.h>
#include <aws/ec2/model/DiskImageFormat.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSString.h>

namespace Aws
{
namespace Utils
{
namespace Xml
{
  class XmlNode;
} // namespace Xml
} // namespace Utils
namespace EC2
{
namespace Model
{
  /*

Describes a disk image.

  */
  class AWS_EC2_API DiskImageDetail
  {
  public:
    DiskImageDetail();
    DiskImageDetail(const Aws::Utils::Xml::XmlNode& xmlNode);
    DiskImageDetail& operator=(const Aws::Utils::Xml::XmlNode& xmlNode);

    void OutputToStream(Aws::OStream& ostream, const char* location, unsigned index, const char* locationValue) const;
    void OutputToStream(Aws::OStream& oStream, const char* location) const;

    /*

The disk image format.

    */
    inline const DiskImageFormat& GetFormat() const{ return m_format; }

    /*

The disk image format.

    */
    inline void SetFormat(const DiskImageFormat& value) { m_formatHasBeenSet = true; m_format = value; }

    /*

The disk image format.

    */
    inline void SetFormat(DiskImageFormat&& value) { m_formatHasBeenSet = true; m_format = value; }

    /*

The disk image format.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithFormat(const DiskImageFormat& value) { SetFormat(value); return *this;}

    /*

The disk image format.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithFormat(DiskImageFormat&& value) { SetFormat(value); return *this;}

    /*

The size of the disk image, in GiB.

    */
    inline long long GetBytes() const{ return m_bytes; }

    /*

The size of the disk image, in GiB.

    */
    inline void SetBytes(long long value) { m_bytesHasBeenSet = true; m_bytes = value; }

    /*

The size of the disk image, in GiB.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithBytes(long long value) { SetBytes(value); return *this;}

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline const Aws::String& GetImportManifestUrl() const{ return m_importManifestUrl; }

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline void SetImportManifestUrl(const Aws::String& value) { m_importManifestUrlHasBeenSet = true; m_importManifestUrl = value; }

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline void SetImportManifestUrl(Aws::String&& value) { m_importManifestUrlHasBeenSet = true; m_importManifestUrl = value; }

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline void SetImportManifestUrl(const char* value) { m_importManifestUrlHasBeenSet = true; m_importManifestUrl.assign(value); }

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithImportManifestUrl(const Aws::String& value) { SetImportManifestUrl(value); return *this;}

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithImportManifestUrl(Aws::String&& value) { SetImportManifestUrl(value); return *this;}

    /*

A presigned URL for the import manifest stored in Amazon S3 and presented here as an Amazon S3 presigned URL. For information about creating a presigned URL for an Amazon S3 object, read the "Query String Request Authentication Alternative" section of the Authenticating REST Requests topic in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Developer Guide.

    */
    inline DiskImageDetail& WithImportManifestUrl(const char* value) { SetImportManifestUrl(value); return *this;}

  private:
    DiskImageFormat m_format;
    bool m_formatHasBeenSet;
    long long m_bytes;
    bool m_bytesHasBeenSet;
    Aws::String m_importManifestUrl;
    bool m_importManifestUrlHasBeenSet;
  };

} // namespace Model
} // namespace EC2
} // namespace Aws


On 10 July 2015, the applicant sought access to all records relating to segregated republican prisoners in Portlaoise Prison for the period 1 July 2014 to date. On 30 July 2015, the Department informed the applicant that the request was voluminous in light of the number of records coming within its scope and that it would refuse the request under section 15(1)(c) of the FOI Act unless the applicant agreed to amend the request.
On 29 January 2016, the applicant submitted a refined request for records from the Parole Board or the Irish Prison Service relating to the possible release of segregated prisoners on any grounds including on compassionate grounds, illness grounds, temporary release or permanent release and the responses of the Minister for the period 1 July 2014 to date, excluding the legal files and the parole board accompanying files. He stated his understanding that personal information would be redacted from the records.
On 11 December 2015, the Department stated that his request was dealt with by two Divisions, namely Crime 3 Division and Prisons Policy. It refused access to all 163 records identified by Crime 3 Division as coming within the scope of the request and all four records identified by Prisons Policy Section.
On 14 December 2015, the applicant sought an internal review of the Department's refusal. On 19 January 2016, the Department affirmed its original decision. The applicant sought a review by this Office of the Department's decision on 22 January 2016.
During the course of the review both parties were invited to make a submission to this Office on the matter. While the Department made submissions, the applicant did not do so. Accordingly, I have decided to conclude the review by issuing a formal binding decision. In conducting the review, I have had regard to the contents of the relevant records, copies of which were provided to this Office for the purposes of the review, to the correspondence between the applicant and the Department as set out above, and to the correspondence between this Office and both the Department and the applicant on the matter.
The scope of this review is concerned solely with whether the Department was justified in its decision to refuse access to the records sought.
I note that the applicant made it clear in his request that he did not expect personal information relating to prisoners to be released. Section 18(1) of the Act provides that if it is practicable to do so, access to an otherwise exempt record shall be granted by preparing a copy, in such form as the body concerned considers appropriate, of the record with the exempt information removed. Section 18(1) does not apply, however, if the copy provided for thereby would be misleading (section 18(2) refers). I take the view that neither the definition of a record under section 2 of the Act nor the provisions of section 18 envisage or require the extracting of particular sentences or occasional paragraphs from records for the purpose of granting access to those particular sentences or paragraphs. Generally speaking, therefore, I am not in favour of the cutting or "dissecting" of records to such an extent. Being "practicable" necessarily means taking a reasonable and proportionate approach in determining whether to grant access to parts of records.
Secondly, it is important to note that that the courts have taken the view that, under FOI, records are released without any restriction as to how they may be used and, thus, FOI release is regarded, in effect, as release to the world at large. This is of particular relevance where the question of the release of information relating to third parties is at issue.
Access to the Crime 3 Division records was refused under sections 31(1)(a), 32(1)(a)(i) & (iii), 33 and 37 of the FOI Act, while access to the Prisons Policy records was refused under sections 31(1)(a) and 37. Given the contents of the records, I consider it appropriate to address the Department's arguments in relation to the applicability of section 37 in the first instance.
Section 37(1) of the FOI Act provides that an FOI body shall refuse to grant a request if access to the record concerned would involve the disclosure of personal information relating to an individual other than the requester. In its submission in respect of the records held by Crime 3 Division, the Department argued that the records relate to personal information pertaining to individual sentenced persons and that sentenced persons have the same right to the privacy of personal data as other categories of individual. It argued that the right to personal privacy is not compromised by the fact of imprisonment.
For the purposes of the FOI Act, personal information is defined at section 2 as information about an identifiable individual that, either (a) would, in the ordinary course of events, be known only to the individual or members of the family, or friends, of the individual, or (b) is held by an FOI body on the understanding that it would be treated by that body as confidential. Section 2 proceeds to list 14 categories of information that constitute personal information, including, at relevant parts, (i) information relating to the educational, medical, psychiatric or psychological history of the individual...(vi) information relating to the criminal history of, or the commission or alleged commission of any offence by, the individual...(vii) information relating to any proceedings for an offence committed, or alleged to have been committed, by the individual, the disposal of such proceedings or the sentence imposed by any court in such proceedings...(xiv) the views or opinions of another person about the individual.
The records before me concern, for the most part, applications from individual prisoners for temporary release (TR) from Portlaoise Prison. Consequently, the records contain information such as the reasons for the TR request (e.g. family occasions, health issues, upcoming full release) together with the Department's consideration of the requests. These considerations typically include details of the prisoner's conviction(s), including details of the offence and the length of the sentence, together with observations on his behaviour while in prison, previous TR applications, and the merits of the TR request. A small number of the records relate to a (then) pending court hearing relating to a named prisoner. Apart from pages 2 and 3 of record 85, which I consider separately below, I am satisfied that the release of all of the remaining records would involve the disclosure of personal information relating to identifiable individuals.
I have considered the applicant's view that the records might be released with the redaction of personal information. I am satisfied that such a measure is not practicable in this case given the nature of the information contained in the records and given that the contents of the records concern inherently private personal details relating to the prisoners concerned.
However, that is not the end of the matter as section 37(1) is subject to the other provisions of the section. While section 37(2) sets out a number of exceptions to this exemption, I am satisfied that none of the circumstances identified at section 37(2) arise in this case. Section 37(5) also provides for the release of certain information to which section 37(1) applies. It provides that a request that would fall to be refused under section 37(1) may still be granted where, on balance (a) the public interest that the request should be granted outweighs the right to privacy of the individual to whom the information relates, or (b) the grant of the information would be to the benefit of the person to whom the information relates.
The records at issue contain personal and sensitive details about the private lives of prisoners. The right to privacy has a constitutional dimension, as one of the unenumerated personal rights under Article 40.1 of the Constitution. Privacy rights will therefore be set aside only where the public interest served by granting the request (and breaching those rights) is sufficiently strong to outweigh the public interest in protecting privacy. In my opinion, the public interest in favour of release of the records is not strong in this instance. While the FOI Act, at section 11(3), requires an FOI body to have regard to, among other things, the need to achieve greater openness in its activities and to promote adherence by it to the principle of transparency in government and public affairs in performing any function under the Act, it seems to me that the release of the records, which concern individual prisoners and TR requests would not, in any meaningful way, contribute to public understanding of the activities of the Department or the operation of the TR system. Consequently, I am satisfied that the public interest does not favour the release of the records, and I find that the Department's decision to refuse access to them was justified.
The sole remaining record for consideration is Crime 3 Division record 85 (pages 2 & 3). This is a copy of a letter sent by the Irish Prison Service to the Governor of Portlaoise Prison in 2006 setting out the circumstances in which general approval had been obtained, at the time, for the Minister to consider granting temporary release to subversive prisoners and the factors the Minister would take into account in considering such applications. There is nothing in the record that relates to any identifiable individual and I find that section 37(1) does not apply. The Department also cited sections 32(1)(a)(i) and (iii), 33(1)(a) in refusing access to the record.
Section 32(1)(a) provides that an FOI body may refuse a request for access to records if release could reasonably be expected to prejudice or impair "(i) the prevention, detection or investigation of offences, the apprehension or prosecution of offenders or the effectiveness of lawful methods, systems, plans or procedures employed for the purposes of the matters aforesaid" or "(iii) lawful methods, systems, plans or procedures for ensuring the safety of the public and the safety or security of persons and property." Section 33(1)(a) allows an FOI body to refuse a request if access to the record could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the security of the State.
Having considered the contents of the letter at pages 2 and 3 of record 85, I am not satisfied that its release could reasonably be expected to have the effect envisaged by section 32(a) or section 33(1)(a). While the Department has made submissions as to the applicability of these exemptions to the entirety of the records generally, it seems to me that none of the argument's presented support a claim that the release of this letter could reasonably be expected to give rise to any of the harms identified. Having regard to the provisions of section 22(12)(b) which require the Department to satisfy this Office that a decision to refuse access was justified, I find that the Department has not demonstrated that its refusal of pages 2 and 3 of record 85 was justified.
Having carried out a review under section 22(2) of the Act, I hereby vary the decision of the Department. I direct the release of pages 2 and 3 of record 85. I affirm the Department's decision to refuse access to the remaining records under section 37(1) of the FOI Act.


The Clarens Country House offers five en suite apartments (The Ouhout Suite, The Wildeals Suite, The Bosman Suite with two en suite double bedrooms - and the Shepherd's Loft) opening onto a 20 metre fully-glazed verandah, commanding rolling lawns and 360-degree views. The Clarens Country House is a 5-minute walk from the village square, which offers some of the best shopping, restaurants and art galleries in the country.
The Clarens Country house is set in a large garden, with stunning views of Mount Horeb. Braai facilities include a Weber and skottel braai.
Guests are invited to play golf at the Clarens Golf course at a significantly reduced rate (more than 50%). Guests can also make use of our free fishing and cycling permits for the Clarens Village Nature Reserve.
Clarens - a breath of fresh air. The village of Clarens is situated in the foothills of the Maluti Mountains in close proximity to the Golden Gate National Park and the mountain kingdom of Lesotho. Clarens is an Artists haven with many well known artists either living in or frequenting the village on a regular basis and there are many art galleries scattered around the village square. The tranquil village ambience combined with scenic views and a mild climate makes for the ideal getaway for city dwellers from Johannesburg, Bloemfontein and Durban. These cities are all approximately 300km from Clarens or a comfortable 3 to 4 hours drive away.
All the apartments have double bedrooms, full en-suite bathrooms (bath and shower), private lounge areas and fully equipped kitchenettes. The suites are heated throughout and serviced daily. The suites come complete with all linen, crockery, cutlery, cooking utensils, towels and toiletries, as well as a selection of teas and coffee, fresh milk, and biscuits.
Attractions in the area include: hiking, golf, white-water rafting, art galleries, good restaurants, live music at weekends, a wide variety of adventures ranging from abseiling to zipline, horseriding, fishing, tours to Lesotho, shopping ......the list goes on.
Please note minimum stay of 2 nights over weekends for Fridays and Saturdays.
Plek is baie netjies en skoon. Toni was ongelooflik behulpsaam en vriendelik. Kamers was lekker warm en goed toegerus. UITSTEKENDE ontbyt in die privaatheid van jou eie plekkie. Sal definitief weer daar bly en die plek aan beveel.
A home away from home. Friendly and amazing host, I would definitely recommendation it.
It was really awesome. Craig was extremely hospitable and made you feel at home at all times. I highly recommend the Clarens country house..... and if I return.... Will definitely be my first choice for accommodation. Breakfast were out of this world. Five star . Planning to return for the winter experience.


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Lomiko Announces Positive Results on its Initial Metallurgical Test Programs at its La Loutre Graphite Project with Results Indicating Purity of >99.9% C(t) of its Concentrate and Positive Response of Samples to Expanded Graphite for All Flake Sizes Tested
Table 1: Basic characterization of the concentrate
Table 2: Screenfractions laser analysis moisture carbon content ash content
Table 3: Results of the Density Measurements
Table 4: Springback pressed bulk density and compression
Table 5: Electrical conductivity at various pressures
Table 6: pH value of grades 80 and 100 mesh
Table 7: Results of the thermo gravimetric analysis
Table 8: XRD analysis
Table 9: XRF analysis of the various size fractions
Table 10: Specific surface area SSA of three fractions
Table 11: LOI Fixed Carbo on purified test work samples
Table 12: Expansion rates for Lomiko graphite
Table 13: Flotation concentrate purification testing by Corem
Montreal, Quebec – April 28, 2022 ‑ Lomiko Metals Inc. (TSX.V: LMR) ("Lomiko Metals" or the "Company") is pleased to announce an update on the initial metallurgical programs conducted for the La Loutre graphite project. Lomiko has engaged three independent laboratories, Corem, ProGraphite and SGS Lakefield to support the value-added metallurgical testing of samples of the La Loutre graphite concentrate.
As part of the 2022 strategic objectives as previously announced on March 3, 2022, Lomiko is undertaking several metallurgical studies to further define the chemical and physical properties of La Loutre graphite concentrate. These studies have several goals, including (a) determining the upgrading potential of the graphite flotation concentrate for value-added processing, (b) confirming the plant flowsheet to aid in the plant design for the Pre-Feasibility Study the Company will be looking to complete in 2023, and (c) evaluating the production of spherical graphite for anode battery applications. This characterization work facilitates the development of Technical Data Sheets (TDS) to initiate customer partnership discussions.
The 2021 metallurgical program produced 1.8 kg of graphite flotation concentrate (please see news release dated April 7, 2021 and referred to within the Company's Preliminary Economic Analysis ("PEA") which is available on the Company's website or on SEDAR). This concentrate was split into two samples and sent to each of Corem in Quebec and ProGraphite in Germany for characterization and purification testing.
Based on the characterization and purification tests performed by the two labs, the graphite from the La Loutre deposit would be suitable for a wide range of traditional markets such as refractories, fire retardants, crucible, and friction products, or expanded graphite markets. Further, the purification results suggest that the La Loutre graphite may be suitable for high-value anode battery applications which require ultra high purity graphite concentrate of 99.95%. It is important to note that these results are preliminary, and that further testing will be required to confirm with greater certainty product suitability and potential. The evaluation of the full processing sequence from flake graphite to battery trials is scheduled for the second half of 2022.
Belinda Labatte, CEO and Director, stated: "Our team is pleased to have received excellent results from two independent specialized laboratories, on the first of many trials to examine the purity of the La Loutre graphite concentrates for industrial use, including for anode battery-grade quality. The tests on the expanded graphite have shown that all the flake sizes tested are showing excellent results for our concentrates in a wide range of industrial applications, an important step to developing the graphite market in North America. The findings from this initial program will better define the parameters for the metallurgical optimization program that will commence in the spring of 2022 to support the project development. We are looking forward to working with Quebec institutions, local communities, and First Nations to further develop our La Loutre graphite project as we move forward with future studies of this project. As mentioned in our press release dated April 22, 2022, we are looking forward to beginning our La Loutre infill and step-out drilling program which will start as soon as the ground conditions allow in mid-May. We are working toward becoming an integral and vital part of the supply chain, including the creation of new-economy job prospects in the development of our project to be used in battery production for Quebec, Canadian, and North American solutions."
Corem upgrading process reveals high purity concentrate and low level of impurities
Corem subjected the 2021 flotation concentrate to initial chemical purification trials to assess the amenability of the La Loutre graphite concentrate to chemical upgrading. Using a chemical purification method, the graphite concentrate was successfully upgraded from 98.4% C(t) to >99.9% C(t). The upgrading process employed a caustic bake using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) followed by an acid leach with hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is considered one of the standard chemical treatment processes for graphite concentrates in place today and employs a milder reagent regime compared to the hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment used in many Chinese operations currently.
The final product was subjected to a size fraction – commonly referred to as flake size – analysis and each product was submitted for an ICP (Inductively coupled plasma) scan. The results of an ICP scan reveal the total carbon analysis, ash content, and sulfur grade of the flotation concentrate feedstock, the intermediate product after caustic bake, and the final product after the leaching step. The concentration of most elements met the requirements for battery anode grade material and only iron and silica displayed slightly elevated levels. It should be noted that the purification trials were preliminary in nature and that the initial concentration target of 99.5% was exceeded for each size fraction.
ProGraphite concentrate reveals favourable results and excellent crystallographic properties
The second sample sent to ProGraphite was classified into various fractions (+50, +80, +100, +150, +200, -200, -100 mesh). Graphite from these fractions was used to perform several chemical and physical characterization tests and purification trials. The results were generally favourable and physical and chemical properties are outlined below, and detailed results are provided on the Lomiko website at www.lomiko.com:
Well-balanced size distribution (50% >100 mesh, 50% -100 mesh). The -100-mesh size fraction is the typical feed material for anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This is consistent with the results provided in the Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) analysis, also available on SEDAR and on the Company's website at lomiko.com and published on September 10, 2021.
Degree of graphitization of over 98%, which is very close to the ideal graphite and a key requirement for high-end battery applications.
High tap densities of >0.7 kg/l for large fractions but below average tap density of 0.47 kg/l for -200 mesh size fraction. Optimization strategies have been identified to improve tap densities of fines.
The results for the electrical conductivity are within the normal range for their respective fractions. The electric conductivity determines the amenability of graphite for energy storage applications.
Achieves low levels of volatiles across all size fractions (0.13-0.38%) showing its suitability for high-temperature applications such as refractories.
Achieves low springback in all size fractions (1.6 – 3.1%), which is critical for all applications where pressure forms, such as with friction products or refractories.
The oxidation resistance of the larger flakes was excellent (<10% for +80 mesh), while the smaller flakes produced average oxidation behaviour compared to other graphite sources (up to 40% for -200 mesh). Oxidation resistance is an important factor for high-temperature applications.
Low specific surface area (BET) for all size fractions. Achieving a low BET value is an important factor for battery anode material application.
Expansion tests identified expansion rates of 350 ml/g for the +80 mesh size fraction and 390 ml/g for the +50 mesh size fraction, which were better than standard values.
These characteristics support the wide use of the La Loutre graphite in both expanded markets and the potential for further purification into battery anode material.
ProGraphite evaluated alkaline and acid purification methods, the two most common methods in use today. The trials using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment followed by sulphuric acid (H2SO4) leach produced superior purities with ash contents of only 0.04% and 0.11% in the+80 mesh and -100 mesh size fractions, respectively. Concentrations of deleterious elements were below typical threshold values for battery anode material.
The preliminary purification tests performed by ProGraphite complement the results obtained by Corem and indicate that the La Loutre graphite can be upgraded to battery anode purity levels without aggressive leach using hydrofluoric acid (HF). Further work is planned to optimize purification conditions and complete the full battery anode value-add process, including battery trials.
Update on Metallurgical Process Optimization at SGS Lakefield
Approximately 1,000kg of core sample from the La Loutre graphite project was carefully selected to represent mine plan, domain and grade composites and shipped to SGS in Lakefield, Ontario to confirm and optimize the test results achieved in the 2021 metallurgical testing program. This will further define the process flowsheet to aid in the plant design, which will be developed during the Pre-Feasibility Study.
Next steps in La Loutre metallurgical studies
Corem and ProGraphite have identified opportunities for optimization, and these will be evaluated in the upcoming months. Results from the SGS lab testing are expected to be available in the Fall and the Company will continue to move forward with and update the market on further testing for battery grade material in 2022.
About Lomiko Metals Inc.
Lomiko Metals has a new vision and a new strategy in new energy. Lomiko represents a company with purpose: a people-first company where we can manifest a world of abundant renewable energy with Canadian and Quebec critical minerals for a solution in North America. Our goal is to create a new energy future in Canada where we will grow the critical minerals workforce, become a valued partner and neighbour with the communities in which we operate, and provide a secure and responsibly sourced supply of critical minerals.
The Company holds a 100% interest in its La Loutre graphite development in southern Quebec. The La Loutre project site is located within the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg (KZA) First Nations territory. The KZA First Nations are part of the Algonquin Nation and the KZA territory is situated within the Outaouais and Laurentides regions. Located 180 kilometres northwest of Montreal, the property consists of one large, continuous block with 48 minerals claims totaling 2,867 hectares (28.7km2). Lomiko Metals published a PEA on September 10 , 2021 which indicated the project had a 15 year mine life producing per year 100,000 tonnes of graphite concentrate at 95% Cg or a total of 1.5Mt of graphite concentrate. This report was prepared as National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report for Lomiko . by Ausenco Engineering Canada Inc., Hemmera Envirochem Inc., Moose Mountain Technical Services, and Metpro Management Inc., collectively the Report Authors.
The Bourier project site is located near Nemaska Lithium and Critical Elements south-east of the Eeyou Istchee James Bay territory in Quebec which consists of 203 claims, for a total ground position of 10,252.20 hectares (102.52 km2), in Canada's lithium triangle near the James Bay region of Quebec that has historically housed lithium deposits and mineralization trends.
Mr. Mike Petrina, Project Manager, a Qualified Person ("QP") under National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, has reviewed and approved the technical disclosure in this news release. Oliver Peters of MetPro Management Inc. who is leading the metallurgical development programs of the La Loutre graphite project on Lomiko's behalf is acting as QP and has also reviewed and approved the technical disclosure in this news release.
For more information on Lomiko Metals, review the website at www.lomiko.com, contact Belinda Labatte at 647-402-8379 or email: info@lomiko.com.
This news release contains "forward-looking information" within the meaning of the applicable Canadian securities legislation that is based on expectations, estimates, projections and interpretations as at the date of this news release. The information in this news release about the Company; and any other information herein that is not a historical fact may be "forward-looking information" ("FLI"). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are FLI and can be identified by the use of statements that include words such as "anticipates", "plans", "continues", "estimates", "expects", "may", "will", "projects", "predicts", "proposes", "potential", "target", "implement", "scheduled", "intends", "could", "might", "should", "believe" and similar words or expressions. FLI in this new release includes, but is not limited to: the suitability of the Company's graphite flotation concentrate from its La Loutre project, timing for the completion of the Pre-Feasibility Study, the Company's objective to become a responsible supplier of critical minerals, exploration of the Company's projects, including expected costs of exploration and timing to achieve certain milestones, including timing for completion of exploration programs; the Company's ability to successfully fund, or remain fully funded for the implementation of its business strategy and for exploration of any of its projects (including from the capital markets); any anticipated impacts of COVID-19 on the Company's business objectives or projects, the Company's financial position or operations, and the expected timing of announcements in this regard. FLI involves known and unknown risks, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results or performance to differ materially. This FLI reflects the Company's current views about future events, and while considered reasonable by the Company at this time, are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies. Accordingly, there can be no certainty that they will accurately reflect actual results. Assumptions upon which such FLI is based include, without limitation: the results of the characterization and purification tests performed by Corem and ProGraphite, current market for critical minerals; current technological trends; the business relationship between the Company and its business partners; ability to implement its business strategy and to fund, explore, advance and develop each of its projects, including results therefrom and timing thereof; the ability to operate in a safe and effective manner; uncertainties related to receiving and maintaining exploration, environmental and other permits or approvals in Quebec; any unforeseen impacts of COVID-19; impact of increasing competition in the mineral exploration business, including the Company's competitive position in the industry; general economic conditions, including in relation to currency controls and interest rate fluctuations.
The FLI contained in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement, the "Forward-Looking Statements" section contained in the Company's most recent management's discussion and analysis (MD&A), which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, and on the investor presentation on its website. All FLI in this news release are made as of the date of this news release. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. The Company does not undertake to update or revise any such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information contained herein to reflect new events or circumstances, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this news release. No stock exchange, securities commission or other regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the information contained herein.
On behalf of the Board,
Belinda Labatte
CEO and Director, Lomiko Metals Inc.
Kimberly Darlington
Communications, Lomiko Metals
k.darlington@lomiko.com