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What is a Fused Record?
A fused record merges and standardizes records into one document. So if you have a contact record in one system and contact record in another, the fused record merges and normalizes the contact record, cleaning your data. This means that in your SQL output, you'd see zero repeats and consistent formats everywhere.
No. You'll be up and running with your Fusion warehouse very quickly. All you need to do is connect your data sources, and your warehouse will be created and populated for you. You also have the option to add mappings for custom fields.
You pay each month for Fusion, via credit card.
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The Ultimate Guide To New York City
New York City, officially the City of New York, is often called the City or just New York, is a city in New York State, and is the most populous city in the US. The city of New York City is a collection of many neighborhoods scattered among the city's five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island, each exhibiting its own lifestyle.
Manhattan: is a narrow island at the center of New York's five boroughs. It is the world's major commercial, financial and cultural centers featuring skyscrapers, museums, Broadway Theater, Central Park, and a lot more.
Brooklyn: Located west of Manhattan accessible via the iconic Brooklyn Bridge, also known as Kings County, Brooklyn, has a more relaxed vibe when compared to mainstream Manhattan. It' some to beautiful parks, the Brooklyn Bridge and several restaurants and pizza places.
Bronx: Bronx, the birthplace of hip hop. It's home to Yankee Stadium, the home field of the New York Yankees baseball team, home to Bronx Zoo and the New York Botanical Garden, and so much more.
Queens: Queens is the easternmost and geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City. Queens offers a more relaxed and suburban feel with some great ethnic food and music options.
Staten Island: The southernmost borough in New York, Staten Island, is connected to lower Manhattan via ferry. Staten Island offers a suburban, family-oriented lifestyle, featuring a great zoo, botanical gardens, and Children's Museum.
Best Way To Explore New York City
I recommend that you avoid driving/renting a car in New York City, if possible stay close to the downtown, my favorite being the Lower Manhattan area. The best way to explore New York City is by joining the Big Bus Tours and purchasing a multi-attraction discounted pass from Go City. You don't have to buy separate tickets for the Big Bus Tours as it's one of the attractions included in the Go City pass. There is a lot to see in New York City, here are my favorite places and must-see –
The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper located in the center of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Built during The Great Depression, the Empire State Building serves as a symbol of hope, perseverance, and prosperity. There are two observation decks, one on the 86th and the other on the 102nd floor, offering some spectacular panoramic views of New York City's skyline. I highly recommend experiencing the New York City's skyline from the top; you can either do it at the Empire State Building or the One World Observatory.
One World Observatory, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, the viewing platform is on the 102nd floor within the One World Trade Center. There are high-speed elevators that take around 47 seconds to reach the top. The observation deck offers some breathtaking views of New York City's skyline, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Statue of Liberty. I highly recommend experiencing the New York City's skyline from the top. You can either do it at One World Observatory or the Empire State Building.
9/11 Memorial & Museum
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum is a memorial and museum in New York City commemorating the September 11, 2001 attacks, which killed 2,977 people, and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, which killed 6 people. The Memorial's twin reflecting pools, sits in the footprint of where the Twin Towers once stood. These pools are nearly an acre in size, largest manmade waterfalls in entire North America, has the names of every person who died in the 2001 and 1993 attacks, inscribed into the bronze panels edging the pools. The museum's 110,000 square feet of exhibition space, features several multimedia displays, archives, and a collection of artifacts.
Flashing neon lights, giant digital billboards, brilliant Broadway marquees, yes, that's Time Square. Times Square, square in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, formed by the intersection of Seventh Avenue, 42nd Street, and Broadway, is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, and entertainment center. It's sometimes referred to as the "the heart of the world," "the Center of the Universe," and "the Crossroads of the World." Featuring Broadway theaters, shops, restaurants, street performers, home to MTV's headquarters, iconic Paramount Building, NASDAQ, and of-course the headquarters for The New York Times, from which Times Square got its name.
Rockefeller Center, known as the hub of Manhattan and a city within a city, home to 19 commercial buildings and spread over 22 acres between 48th Street and 51st Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It's home to the NBC New York Studios, an ice skating rink, the Associated Press, Radio City Music Hall, Top of the Rock Observatory, and the "30 Rock Building." Rockefeller Center has achieved National Landmark Status and is recognized not only for its entertainment value and commercial use but for its art-deco architecture and history as a Great-Depression project.
Charging Bull
Charging Bull, sometimes referred to as the Wall Street Bull, is a bronze sculpture that stands on Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan. The Charging Bull has been seen as a symbol of the American Stock Market and an iconic landmark in New York City. Arturo Di Modica created the Charging Bull sculpture, an Italian American artist, the statue weighs 7000 pounds and is 11 feet tall and is a symbol of the "strength and power of the American people."
The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, Brooklyn Bridge is an iconic landmark and one of the most recognizable parts of the New York City skyline. The bridge has been featured in several movies and television shows. You can stroll across the elevated pedestrian walkway, which offers some spectacular views of New York City.
"The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World" was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the US. It's recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy, located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, in New York. French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi designed the Statue of Liberty along with French engineer Gustave Eiffel. Lady Liberty holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand, she carries a tabula ansata inscribed JULY IV MDCCLXXVI, the date of the US Declaration of Independence. There's a broken shackle and a chain lying at her feet as she walks forward, commemorating the national abolition of slavery. This is a must-see in New York, read my Ultimate Guide to Statue of Liberty for more details.
Neighborhood in New York City, when Italian immigrants moved to this Manhattan neighborhood in the late 1800s, they brought their customs, food, and language. That heritage remains evident today in Little Italy. Little Italy's streets are lined with souvenir shops and traditional Italian eateries and bakeries.
New York City's Chinatown is home to a dense population of Asian immigrants, its busy and narrow streets is home to the statue of Lin Zexu, a pagoda-style roof and a Buddhist temple, Chinese and Southeast Asian restaurants, souvenir stores, bubble tea shops, and so much more.
Other New York Attractions & Related Posts
I hope you enjoyed reading the post, The Ultimate Guide To New York City, and I expect this will help you plan your trip to New York City.
Travel The Food For The Soul ⟡ United States ⟡ The Ultimate Guide To New York City
The Ultimate Guide To Tahquamenon Falls State Park
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Withrow Common Gallery
Withrow Common is named in honour of the Canadian National Exhibition Association's founder: John Jacob Withrow (1833-1900).
In addition to his leadership in creating a permanent exhibition on these grounds in 1879, Mr. Withrow served as founding president of the Toronto Industrial Exhibition Association, which was re-named the Canadian National Exhibition Association in 1912. Mr. Withrow served as the fair's President from 1879 until his death in 1900.
A businessman, politician, and philanthropist, Mr. Withrow made many contributions to the city and community during his lifetime. He also served as an alderman for the City of Toronto from 1873 to 1878.
About Withrow Common
An initiative of the Canadian National Exhibition Association (CNEA), Withrow Common is an exciting new community event space located at Toronto's Exhibition Place, across from the Princess Margaret Fountain.
The 2,675 square-foot venue lives in the west side of the Queen Elizabeth Building complex, which was constructed in 1957.
Designed by architects Page + Steele Inc., led by designer Peter Dickinson, the structure exemplifies the mid-century Modernist architecture movement in Toronto in the 1950s. This was a movement in which Dickinson played a prominent role (Ontario Association of Architects).
The building was originally envisioned as the CNE's Women's Building and was re-named the Queen Elizabeth Building in 1957. It has a long and rich history of hosting exhibits and educational events. Most recently, the space served as the Executive Offices for the Exhibition Place Board of Governors.
In 2016, the CNEA won a bid to redevelop these offices as a multi-purpose gallery space to facilitate events and workshops for the neighbouring community and beyond.
The renovation of the space was completed in 2017. The CNEA's overall design concept for the renovation of the building was to honour its mid-century Modernist history, while embracing a clean, simple and contemporary look.
For more information about the gallery, hours and services available, visit the FAQ page or contact us at [email protected]
The Sublime: A Collection by Reynold Thomas
This collection is an exploration of the philosophy of the beautiful and the perceptions of the beautiful in an attempt to expand beyond calculation, measurement or imitation.
January 26th – February 18th, 2023
Live Model Art Classes with Female Motivators
During Black History Month, our guest sitters will feature female leaders that are making history right now. These art classes will encourage you to sketch, listen to stories, write poetry or simply vibe with a camera in your hand!
February 1st, February 8th, February 15th, February 22nd, March 1st, March 8th, 2023
Fragility of Peace
The exhibition juxtaposes the works created in peace and war times, emphasizing the fragile nature of peace, and that it should never be assumed. It should be fought for and requires constant hard work and devotion to keep it.
October 13th – October 22nd, 2022
Withrow Common Art Gallery
Charles Pachter: A Romance with Canada
The iconic work of the esteemed Canadian artist Charles Pachter will be showcased at the 2022 CNE.
August 19th – September 5th, 2022
Invasion Redux
Gallery guests can observe "art-in-the-making" as the two artists work on pieces that respond to the deadly and tragic events resulting from Russia's current assault on their homeland.
April 21st – May 29th, 2022
Government Partner
Do you have parking available?
Paid parking is available in the north lot of Withrow Common Gallery. During events at Exhibition Place, parking prices may vary.
How much does admission cost?
Please check event pages for pricing.
What are the Gallery Hours?
The Withrow Common Gallery hours are subject to exhibit schedules. For specific gallery hours, please visit the event page. For any other times or private showings, please email us at [email protected].
How do I get to Withrow Common via Public Transit?
Click here for a Google map to the Withrow Common Gallery. Alternatively, click here for an onsite map to Withrow Common. If you are taking GO Transit, exit at Exhibition Station. For TTC – TTC Buses & Streetcars offer direct service to the CNE, stopping at the Dufferin Gate Loop (west end of CNE grounds) and Exhibition Loop (via east end of grounds). Visit ttc.ca for "Best Route" information.
How do I know when there are new exhibits?
Stay in touch with us by following Withrow Common on Instagram & Facebook.
Covid-19 Mask Policy
In accordance with public health guidelines as issued by the Provincial and Municipal governments we will not be enforcing mandatory mask requirements at this time. Guests are welcome, but not required to wear face coverings.
200 Princes' Blvd,
Toronto, ON M6K 3C3
Please check event pages for Withrow Common hours.
General Inquiries, Appointments & Venue Rental
What is your name?(Required)
What is your email address?(Required)
What is the subject of your inquiry?(Required)
© 2023 Withrow Common, A CNE Association Venue. All rights reserved.


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Resources Radio - A weekly podcast that features interviews with researchers and leading experts about climate change, energy, ecosystems, and more.
Critical Materials in the Energy Supply Chain, with Helena Khazdozian
Helena Khazdozian
Kristin Hayes
Tom Fisk / Pexels
In this week's episode, host Kristin Hayes talks with Helena Khazdozian, a senior technology manager at the US Department of Energy and program manager for the agency's Critical Materials Institute. Khazdozian and Hayes discuss why the materials that the institute prioritizes are important to future decarbonization efforts. They also talk about supply chains, research efforts, and breakthroughs happening more broadly with other teams throughout the Department of Energy.
Critical materials pose unique challenges for supply chains: "For critical materials, there are a lot of challenges in the supply chains … The potential for supply disruption is definitely an aspect, but the challenges are a lot bigger than, Do we have enough supply to meet the demand? Do we have the capabilities to process the materials? Do we have the workforce? Each material's supply chain really has its own unique challenges." (10:27)
Rare earth elements aren't actually rare—it's just that separating them is difficult: "Because rare elements are found together in ore … you need to separate those out from each other so that you can refine those materials and incorporate them in the magnet itself … What's challenging about separating rare earth elements from each other is that, because they're all next to each other on the periodic table, they're very chemically similar." (15:44)
Reducing negative impacts on the environment doesn't have to be costly: "People think, 'If it's more environmentally friendly, it must be more costly.' But that's not always the case. A lot of times, the drivers to reduce costs also reduce environmental impact." (23:50)
Top of the Stack
"Securing America's Clean Energy Supply Chain" from the US Department of Energy
His Dark Materials trilogy by Philip Pullman, including The Golden Compass, The Subtle Knife, and The Amber Spyglass
Happy Go Lucky by David Sedaris
The Full Transcript
Kristin Hayes: Hello, and welcome to Resources Radio, a weekly podcast from Resources for the Future. I'm your host, Kristin Hayes.
My guest today is Dr. Helena Khazdozian, senior technology manager at the US Department of Energy (DOE) and program manager for the department's Critical Materials Institute, or CMI. Dr. Khazdozian earned her PhD from Iowa State University in wind energy science, engineering, and policy, and co-focused her graduate studies on electrical engineering. Helena is joining me today to introduce our listeners to the CMI in more depth, and also to help set the stage for why the materials that CMI focuses on are indeed so critical for future decarbonization efforts. We'll talk about supply chains, research efforts, and new breakthroughs happening throughout the DOE ecosystem. Stay with us.
Helena, welcome to Resources Radio. It's nice to meet you, and I'm really grateful that you were able to come on the show.
Helena Khazdozian: Thanks so much for inviting me, Kristin.
Kristin Hayes: Many of our guests here on Resources Radio are social scientists, so it's always a bit of a treat to have a physical scientist join us. Can you share just a little bit about your educational background, your research background, and how you ended up at CMI?
Helena Khazdozian: Absolutely. I have a bit of a checkered background, but my graduate work was in electrical engineering with a focus on wind. But my research background—I have about eight years experience on clean energy technology research, including building energy efficiency, thin-film solar fabrication, and wind turbine generator design. The last part of my research was at the Ames Laboratory. That was actually part of the CMI, and I was modeling magnetic materials and electric machines. These include things like wind turbine generators.
In general, those efforts were meant to guide some of the materials' discovery work: actually providing performance; what it looked like in an end-use application. But I was always interested in the intersection of science, engineering, and policy. And so I pursued an AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowship at the Department of Energy.
During that time, I was supporting the Advanced Manufacturing Office at the Department of Energy in their critical materials portfolio, and then I joined as a federal employee in 2019, when I became the technology manager for Critical Materials—managing CMI, now, on the other side of the funding agency.
Kristin Hayes: Sounds great. I'm not sure how many of our listeners know of the AAAS, which is the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Their fellowship program is a wonderful pipeline that connects the science community with the policymaking community here in DC. A wonderful cross section of the research world comes out of that AAAS fellowship program.
That's awesome. So you have been with DOE for a couple years now, and I wanted to set the stage about the Critical Materials Institute and its role within the Department of Energy. Can you talk our listeners through the structure of the Institute and the mandate of the Institute?
Helena Khazdozian: The Critical Materials Institute, or I'll say CMI, is part of the Advanced Manufacturing Office's broader portfolio of research development and demonstration. These projects really look to adjust high impact opportunities and challenges across the entire life cycle of clean energy technologies that use critical materials.
So CMI, even though "institute" is in the name, is actually an energy innovation hub. These hubs are modeled after the Manhattan Project and really look to serve a use of the nation. CMI is actually led by one of DOE's National Laboratories, Ames laboratory. It was established in 2013; it's really our flagship program for critical materials at DOE. But it's not just a single lab. It's a public-private consortium. It brings together members for national labs, universities, and industry members, and is part of a broader innovation ecosystem.
The purpose of CMI is to accelerate innovative, scientific, and technological solutions; to develop resilient and secure supply chains for various elements and other materials that are critical for clean energy technology. Their mandate, really, is to support clean energy technology specifically.
The way they do that is through four focused areas for research. These are diversifying supply of the materials; looking at developing substitutes for those materials to reduce our reliance when we can; driving reuse and recycling of those materials; and then those are all supported by cross-cutting research.
Those activities are broad-ranging. Things like generating thermodynamic data for new alloys that they've developed, or doing techno-economic analysis or lifecycle assessment of the technologies, and even looking at the impacts of CMI technologies on the environment so that we don't create a new challenge in the process of trying to address current challenges.
Kristin Hayes: What actually makes a material critical by CMI's definition? Certainly, this connection to clean energy technologies, but maybe we can get more specific about the critical materials that are within CMI scope. I'll be the first to admit to our listeners that I've already slipped up several times in my correspondence with you and referred to CMI as the "Critical Minerals Institute" instead of the Critical Materials Institute. But I think that's actually an important distinction, that you are considering more than just critical minerals—is that right? Maybe you can just lay that out for us a bit.
Helena Khazdozian: It's really common to use critical "minerals" and "materials" interchangeably, but there is a little nuance of the definitions, at least within the US federal government. For DOE, we assess critical materials based on two factors: the potential for supply disruption, and then their importance to energy. That energy lens is what differentiates a critical material from the broader critical minerals list that's developed by the US Geological Survey.
We do think about the broader list as well, but CMI's lens is even more specific because they're focused on that mandate of supporting clean energy technologies. In practice, this looks like the rare earth elements for magnets, some of the battery-critical materials, and then a couple materials like indium or gallium that are used in some of the semiconductor technologies like photovoltaics, for instance.
Kristin Hayes: It's helpful to have those specific examples, too, of where these critical materials actually come into play in these technologies. Are there any other examples you can provide of how they specifically feed into the technologies that might be more familiar to the consumer? EV batteries, photovoltaics, wind turbines—are they pretty ubiquitous in that body of technology?
Helena Khazdozian: Critical materials, actually, are in a lot of ways like building blocks for clean technologies, and a lot of times, they're difficult to substitute out. Or if you do use a different material or a different technology, you actually reduce the overall efficiency of the system.
So, various elements I mentioned—if you remember back to your chemistry days in high school—it's the last two at the bottom of the periodic table. Those two rows that no one ever looks at. They're included there. But, particularly, neodymium, dysprosium. These are two of the rare elements that we think about a lot for critical materials at DOE, and they're used in magnets. These magnets play a role in the conversion of energy and electric vehicle motors and offshore wind turbine generators.
But they're ubiquitous in our society. There are magnets in your headphones and your cell phones and the hard drives in your computers. They are an important technology and common in consumer electronics as well. Batteries are a great example. Lithium-ion batteries in particular—lithium is an example of a critical material. And that lithium enables the flow of electrons in two directions. That's why you can recharge your battery rather than having to throw it away at the end of its lifetime. And it's also the lightest element on the periodic table. So you can design compact batteries that way.
There're a couple other materials that are considered critical in batteries. Cobalt is an example. Cobalt provides thermal stability and also high energy density in batteries, but there's a shift to remove or reduce the amount of cobalt in batteries. So they're shifting to higher concentrations of nickel, which is also sometimes critical, especially if it's very high purity. It's a trade-off, right? All these things are a trade-off.
Kristin Hayes: And the question about the definition of critical: you mentioned that it's not only important for these clean energy technologies, but the other piece of this, if I understood you correctly, is really about supply chain reliability, and "Can we get these materials?" Is that right?
Helena Khazdozian: That's right.
Kristin Hayes: I feel like that question about supply chain reliability obviously has been on the minds of folks at CMI for a long time. But I would say over the past few years, most of us who previously had been blissfully insulated from that have also been thinking a lot about supply chains. That's just a term that has become much more resonant in the broad conversation. So I'd love to talk about supply chain in more detail, too.
And maybe I can ask about the contours of today's supply chains for these critical materials. What makes them complex? Are they sputtering these days, like other supply chains that we keep hearing about?
Helena Khazdozian: For critical materials, there are a lot of challenges in the supply chains. And one thing I'll mention: the potential for supply disruption is definitely an aspect, but the challenges are a lot bigger than, Do we have enough supply to meet the demand? Do we have the capabilities to process the materials? Do we have the workforce? Each material's supply chain really has its own unique challenges.
The Department of Energy recently published a strategy to secure the supply chain for a robust, clean energy transition. We had 13 deep-dive reports that dig into those challenges and opportunities—some of them for our materials, like neodymium magnets. These are the various magnets I have been talking about, but others were the technology focus like wind and solar.
The supply chain is bigger than the material input into the system. We look at those different aspects, but we really think these are challenges—but we like to think of them really about as opportunities at the Department of Energy. We work with other federal agencies and departments to drive solutions to these challenges and turn them into opportunities.
And our role in DOE is to advance research, right? So the Critical Materials Institute in particular has created this unique innovation ecosystem to drive those solutions. That ecosystem has served as a foundation for the Advanced Manufacturing Office's critical materials portfolio, to really integrate our work with other folks in the Department of Energy.
And, in particular, manufacturing. It's a major economic driver and a job creator. We focus on multiple aspects of supply chain, but I think that's a unique role that we play in the Department of Energy.
Kristin Hayes: Very interesting. What are the job skills? Can you say a little bit more about the job skills that are that critical component of the supply chain that you mentioned? What do people need to know to be able to successfully contribute in that way to the broader supply chain for these critical materials?
Helena Khazdozian: Right now, it's all about interdisciplinary teams. I don't think I can succinctly say all the different aspects that a supply-chain workforce needs, but at least in manufacturing, we're moving to internet of things–type solutions. There's more automation. There's more machine learning and artificial intelligence driving the data needed to make these processes smarter.
And then there's also the need for both technical workforce trade skills as well as—batteries is a good example. You're not looking necessarily for a single-discipline training that you might have in the past. You need an electrochemical engineer rather than just an electrical engineer, a chemical engineer. Where disciplines intersect is where the interesting things are happening.
When I talk to industry about this, it's a lot of the soft skills. I hate to use that term, but quote unquote "soft skills." Can you work on a diverse team? I spend a lot of my time as a researcher now at the Department of Energy translating English to English. Can you work with the economist and engineer and bring them together? Those are my personal anecdotes of what I think is necessary.
Kristin Hayes: Super interesting. That's something we hear regularly: the value of that interdisciplinary research, but also the interdisciplinary translation abilities. So that makes a lot of sense.
I want to go back to something you said earlier, when you were describing CMI's mandate and areas of focus. And you mentioned there were four types of investigation that you focus on: research on diversifying supply, research on developing substitutes. And you mentioned as well that some of these things are hard to substitute for. I'd love to talk about that in more detail, but there's a third effort on driving reuse and recycling, and then the cross-cutting efforts that bring everything together.
I wanted to just delve a little bit into each of those in turn. And maybe we can start by chatting about a success story that I know was announced in late May of this year, which focused on efforts to diversify supply for a range of rare earth metals using improved separation techniques. I will say the press release for this got pretty weedy into some of the mechanics of separation. This might be something new for our audience, but it'd be great to hear more about—and as much as you can explain for the layman—what breakthrough you had there.
Helena Khazdozian: That particular success story is about separation. When we look at the supply chain for rare earth magnets, there's the first step of mining from raw, virgin materials, or also extraction from other conventional or secondary sources. Then you need to concentrate those materials out from the ore, or whatever source that you're using. And because rare elements are found together in ore—it's not just neodymium; most of the rare earth will be found all together—you need to separate those out from each other so that you can refine those materials and incorporate them in the magnet itself. This success story really focuses on that separation aspect. What's challenging about separating rare earth elements from each other is that, because they're all next to each other on the periodic table, they're very chemically similar.
It is quite difficult to do that efficiently. We call this the midstream of the supply chain, where we focus on that separation or refining of the materials.
Harking back to the question you had on what's difficult about critical material supply chains, that's often the challenge. We don't have that midstream capability to refine the materials because you need a customer who is extracting materials. And you also need suppliers for manufacturers, right? The wind turbine manufacturers need the magnets. So this particular technology that was developed by CMI really increased the efficiency of separating out elements from each other, and then they can be used to be refined further and manufactured in magnets.
Kristin Hayes: What about some examples on the other areas of research, either on developing substitutes or driving reuse and recycling? I really appreciated your comment that you don't want to be creating other problems in efforts to solve one problem. I'm assuming that this idea of waste and keeping an eye on what waste is being generated even as these materials are being created is definitely on the minds of folks at DOE. So I'd welcome any examples on those streams of work too.
Helena Khazdozian: I could talk about this all day, but I'll try to be succinct. CMI has a lot of work in substitution. They're mostly focused on substitution for rare earth magnets. They're looking at several compositions for what we call "gap" magnets. There's an opportunity to displace some of the demand for rare earth magnets or reduce the overall demand by looking at gap magnets.
There're only actually four types of commercial magnets available, and there's a really big difference in the strength of those magnets. There's two that are lower in strength. They don't use very many critical materials. And then there's these high-strength magnets that use rare earth elements. In between, there's a big difference in those strengths.
If your needs fall in that gap area, you have to use this really high strength rare earth magnet even though you might not need that much strength, right? So they have a couple different compositions that they are developing to meet that gap area. Again, just displacing some of the demand for the rare earth magnets.
One of the compositions in particular is cerium-cobalt based. What's interesting about using cerium is it's a rare earth element, but it's produced in surplus, generally, because there's not a lot of demand for it. The idea is that if you could actually find a market for this, you could increase the overall economics of mining rare earth elements and also, again, meet this gap area and displace the need for neodymium in some areas where you might not need it, and then there's more available for other applications that can't be substituted.
Kristin Hayes: Makes a lot of sense.
Helena Khazdozian: And then quickly on recycling. They have another technology—we call it membrane salt extraction—but it's been tailored to recover either various elements or battery-critical materials like lithium and cobalt, nickel and manganese from electronic waste or manufacturing waste.
We have a lot of—I'm happy to follow up with some materials on success stories for this technology, but right now it's pretty exciting. They've partnered with an industry partner, and they're designing two battery-recycling plants. It's one of the first technologies we're seeing going out into the market and actually making a difference.
Kristin Hayes: That is fantastic. I probably should have started with or asked an earlier question about the geographic landscape for some of these critical materials as well. Some are more rare than others, and yet what is the distribution of some of these critical things when we're talking about geography? How many of these things are available in the United States but might require some of these enhanced-separation techniques? How much are we relying on stockpiles that live in other countries? Can you say anything about that?
Helena Khazdozian: For rare elements, actually, we're the second-biggest miner of those elements in the world, but, because we don't have that midstream capability to separate and refine those rare earth elements, we have to export them. And then we reimport them in the form of value-add manufactured products. Your cell phone, for instance.
In a lot of cases in rare earth elements, it's interesting because they're not actually rare. They're commonly distributed in the earth's crust, but to find them in an economic, mineable quantity is less common, right? So, it's a misnomer to a large extent. For other materials—cobalt is a good example. We don't have a lot of cobalt—I should say "known reserves" of cobalt—in United States.
But there is a huge opportunity to recycle cobalt from lithium and batteries at end of life. So that's a big effort that the Department of Energy funds, too: We're both looking to reduce the amount of cobalt in batteries, but also recover cobalt at end of life.
We can do other things, like extending the lifetime of the technologies, right? They're making better use or even reusing them after the EV battery is done; you can use it in a stationary storage application. There are a lot of different ways to mitigate against supply issues. We focus on all of those different aspects at the Department of Energy.
Kristin Hayes: Very interesting. Well, nothing like ending on a hard question, but I'm going to close the substantive part of our conversation by asking one.
Among these three big areas that we've talked about—supply diversification, developing substitutes, driving reuse and recycling—what are the thorniest challenges that CMI is facing? And maybe I'm going to flip this and also ask it in a slightly more optimistic way. But if there were one or two breakthroughs that you feel would most move CMI's mission forward, what would they be?
Helena Khazdozian: The first is the work that they're doing to advance processing in that midstream separation and refining aspect. We talked a lot about separations. We didn't talk as much about the next step, which is taking that separated oxide form and making it into a metal and then an alloy that goes into the magnet. They have a lot of work on looking to reduce the temperature of that, the number of steps used to do that—basically increasing the efficiency of these processing technologies. Two things that are really exciting about that: One is that it has the potential for us to develop these capabilities in the United States. But it also would be cutting edge.
A lot of times, people think, "If it's more environmentally friendly, it must be more costly." But that's not always the case. A lot of times, the drivers to reduce costs also reduce environmental impact. That's a really exciting aspect.
But in general what's challenging and exciting for the future for CMI is that transition of technology into industry. That's something that DOE has expanded in the last couple years. We've had over a decade of investment and fundamental research and applied research and development. But now, in the last couple years, we've really expanded that portfolio to include some small pilots and demonstration projects—validating technologies at industrially relevant levels.
Most recently, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was passed. It's really exciting because it gave Department of Energy the opportunity to expand our efforts for pilot and validation and also add some commercialization activities into the fold. We're looking forward to engaging with our stakeholder base to design a broader program of critical materials, spanning from applied research to basic research all the way through commercialization. Looking at all levels of the supply chains, different aspects of science and technology innovation, and getting things out into the world so that we can start solving all these challenges that we see.
Kristin Hayes: And also learning from those deployment opportunities, too. I imagine that, in all industries, there is some learning by doing that can come forward as you start to get these things out into the world. Very exciting.
This has been great: what I would consider a lift of the curtain on all of the research that in fact underpins the ways that we create the technologies that we use every day. I really appreciate that insight as well as learning specifically about CMI and the work that you all are supporting.
And I do want to close with our regular feature, Top of the Stack. So, Helena, let me ask you: Do you have any recommendations for our listeners? Good content can be in book form, article form; related to this topic, not related to this topic. But anything you'd want to recommend to our listeners who are interested broadly in resource issues? What's on the top of your stack?
Helena Khazdozian: I love this question. I just finished reading the Golden Compass series, which I've been meaning to do for a long time. I've really enjoyed it. And then next on the top of my reading list is David Sedaris's newest book. So I'm looking forward to reading that.
Kristin Hayes: For a little humor in life. That's always one of the best medicines. That sounds great.
Thank you again, and I hope we can have an opportunity to highlight some of the work that you all are doing on an ongoing basis, too. I'm sure there will be other success stories to celebrate moving forward.
Helena Khazdozian: Thanks so much, Kristin, for inviting me. This was great.
Kristin Hayes: You've been listening to Resources Radio, a podcast from Resources for the Future (RFF). If you have a minute, we'd really appreciate you leaving us a rating or a comment on your podcast platform of choice. Also, feel free to send us your suggestions for future episodes.
This podcast is made possible with the generous financial support of our listeners. You can help us continue producing these discussions on the topics that you care about by making a donation to Resources for the Future online at rff.org/donate.
RFF is an independent, nonprofit research institution in Washington, DC. Our mission is to improve environmental, energy, and natural resource decisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. The views expressed on this podcast are solely those of the podcast guests and may differ from those of RFF experts, its officers, or its directors. RFF does not take positions on specific legislative proposals.
Resources Radio is produced by Elizabeth Wason, with music by Daniel Raimi. Join us next week for another episode.
Senior Technology Manager, Critical Materials Institute
Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement
Rare Earths 101: Digging Up the Facts, with Jordy Lee
Engaging China on Climate Change
Jonathan Wiener
Resources Radio Episode 95
Space Resources: Exploring the Final Frontier, with Alex Gilbert


The famous clock Orloj is one of Prague's most valued monuments and a must-see for anyone visiting the Czech capital. It is over 600 years old – and naturally requires periodical check-ups and reconstructions. Which is why the Orloj was taken down off the south wall of the Old Town City Hall and likely won't return until the end of the summer. But visitors must not miss out on the famous attraction: the agency Xlab has replaced it with a fully functional, Ventuz-powered digital replica.
"I approached this project with maximum respect, as the Orloj is older than all of us and the original creators and other contributors throughout history have put all their genius into this elaborate device", says Adam Široký of Xlab, who was responsible for the project. This included a lot of research on the mechanics of the clock, which shows not only the current time, but also Old Czech time, Babylonian time, sidereal time, location of the sun in the Zodiac, position and phase of the Moon, and other astronomical indicators. Additionally, the monument features moving statues and images of the 12 apostels that are shown in two windows at the top of the clock. The goal was to create a digital replica that would incorporate all functionalities of the real Orloj.
Bringing all this together in one fluent project was quite a task. The team assembled many of the assets as 2D images, such as the background and the objects on the astronomical dial. The moving figures and apostles were captured in the form of videos which are accompanied by bell sounds. Just like the real Orloj, the digital clock shows these videos on every full hour between 9 am and 11 pm.
The digital Orloj has been up and running on 1000 kilos of LED screen since February. It will remain there until the real Orloj returns. "According to the old legend, Mr. Hanus, the original clockmaker, was blinded after he finished his work so that he could not create another clock and Orloj stayed unique. Let´s hope Xlab is safe", says Adam. We sure hope so too, because we expect to see more amazing Ventuz work coming out of Prague.


Yes, my kids now seem to get the big deal about gifts and, because of that, I want my husband and I to be the ones giving them the cool stuff. I want them to throw their arms around our necks, so excited about what Mummy and Daddy got them. So, when I saw two supehero hoodies at Costco, I bought them. A shadow puppet set for our bedtime story routine, I ordered it. I made one of those personalized puzzles with pictures of our family, that I can't wait for them to put together. Sure, they would love the giant box of puffy superhero costumes, the life-size Olaf, but what are they going to remember? I hope it's the thoughtful, sentimental stuff I've rounded up. I want to be Big Hero Mummy.


text:
Gospel Choir Looks Ahead
Vintage Paris Sparkle
By Nichole / September 23, 2008
While we lost our choir director, the choir as a community is still strong. We have had a half-dozen picnics, a retreat at the Chateau, and several birthday parties. And choir season hasn't even begun yet. Everywhere we go, someone inevitably breaks out into song. It's fun to be a part of a community where it's not taboo to spontaneously start singing amazing grace in the middle of the street. (And even if most of them aren't Christians they join in enthusiastically to complete the four part chorus! It's an amazing group of people.)
The first official choir meeting of the 2008-2009 season will be on the 6th of October. Until then here are some photos of a recent gathering.
Festive Falette d'Auvergne
By Nichole / February 7, 2017
Buci – Our Neighborly Neighborhood
By Nichole / November 5, 2012
By Nichole / September 7, 2012
Chateau Feedback
Une Lecture à Partager


text:
Top SmackDown Star Wants To Wrestle John Cena
By TC
• Top SmackDown Star Wants To Wrestle John Cena
Current WWE Intercontinental Champion Gunther (fka WALTER) was recently interviewed by Sports Illustrated, where he revealed that he wants to wrestle WWE Ruthless Aggression Era Legend John Cena one day.
Here's what the Austrian heavyweight said:
"I am going to give this title the prestige it needs and make it the greatest prize in wrestling. I would like to wrestle John Cena and anyone else who is considered elite. I didn't come here to be mediocre. I came here to be in the ring with the best."
During a previous interview he had on the 'Out Of Character' podcast about a week earlier, the former leader of Imperium spoke about his time on NXT UK and how he eventually outgrew that brand, after holding the NXT United Kingdom Championship for a record length of 870 days.
Here's what Gunther had to say:
"I think I'm one of those people who really kind of profited from the pandemic. I had my rivalry with Ilja going on in NXT UK, and I think that was one of those matches that really got good exposure.
During the COVID time was my title match with Ilja, and I think we really benefitted from the empty arena, that there was no crowd noise or anything like that.
We both had a very intense style and stuff like that, and that match really stood out, and yeah, it put us in a position where a lot of eyes were on us and stuff like that.
So I think I profited a lot from that time, and it also gave me a chance to take it little bit easy for a little bit, in terms of schedule and stuff like that. But when it picked up a little bit again, we always had training camps at NXT UK up to the tapings and stuff.
So we were a good amount of time busy and active actually in the ring over the year. But I feel like I did my bid in NXT UK during the pandemic and gave my best to keep it going, keep it interesting during the time. I outgrew it a little bit, and I felt like it was time to move on."
Also Read: "He's Never Coming Back" – Top WWE Star On John Cena
WATCH: Former WWE Diva Summer Rae's Bare Buns:
• ON THIS DAY IN WWF HISTORY (August 5, 1989) – WWF Superstars of Wrestling
On this day in 1989, the World Wrestling Federation aired an episode of their weekly TV show 'WWF Superstars of Wrestling'.
This episode was pre-taped at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester, Massachusetts and featured matches, promos & storyline segments on the road to the 'WWF SummerSlam 1989' PPV.
Here's the card:
1. The Rockers vs. Boris Zhukov & Sandy Beach
2. Hercules vs. Chris Duffy
3. The Twin Towers vs. Mike Williams & Terry Daniels
4. The Red Rooster vs. Brian Johnson
5. The Ultimate Warrior vs. Barry Horowitz
6. The Honky Tonk Man vs. Tony Durante


I am still cooking lunches and dinners for my dad and brother. One recipe they both love and my dad requests repeatedly, my African peanut stew. I have shared versions of this before, and I make it so much I rarely follow a recipe. This is an updated and adapted version of my original.
I have been making double batches of this recipe, half for Dad and my brother, half for Jason and me. Dad and brother's version has chicken added to it, ours goes without. I have added chickpeas or soy curls to our version (the latter is no longer a soy free recipe). Dad and brother enjoy theirs as a soup, Jason and I make quinoa veggie bowls and this becomes a sauce topping.
Over medium heat in large pot, sauté onion, garlic and peppers with butter. Add tomatoes, stock, peanut butter, tahini, and chili pepper – let simmer 20-30 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add rice, salt and pepper, more chili pepper to taste.
Serve as a soup or over quinoa and vegetables.
Our bowls consist of cooked quinoa and fresh veggies like snap peas, cherry tomatoes and corn. My bowls also often include broccoli and cauliflower.
This continues to be a favorite, and the addition of habanero is a nice kick of heat!
Jason chose the curry chicken salad sandwich as his airline meal when we were flying last month – three different times. I ate the tomato soup. and the dark chocolate. and the free cocktails.
I was intent on making a better curry 'chikn' salad when we returned home.
soy curls = faux chicken.
We have been eating this as sandwiches, over baby spinach, and as quinoa bowls – warm or cold. The cashews add a great crunch and the currants are a sweet contrast to the curry.
Before rehydrating the soy curls, break them into smaller pieces. Soak them in warm water to rehydrate, 10 minutes. Meanwhile, chop celery and cashews. Combine mayo and curry powder. When soy curls are rehydrated, stir into curried mayo, adding celery, cashews and currants. Salt to taste, cover and let cool in refrigerator, at least an hour, allowing the flavors to blend.
I really appreciate the confidence my mom has in me.
One thing I do know what to do with?
I love lemon in a savory dish. I love capers. I love Ancient Harvest Quinoa Spaghetti! This is the best gluten free pasta I have ever tried!
I even deglazed the pan!
Rehydrate soy curls. Coat rehydrated soy curls in flour. Sauté floured soy curls with earth balance until browned, remove and set aside. Add vegetable stock and lemon juice to deglaze pan and make sauce. Add capers. Sauce will thicken, add soy curls back to pan.
I served this over quinoa pasta along a salad with lemon juice and kalamata olives.
If you were to enter a cooking contest, what signature dish would help you win?
This afternoon I ran for a Whole Thirty Minutes. Running. Not a lot for some, and not a lot compared to what I used to do. I'm not comparing anymore… it has been SO long since I've really run (knee injury, ankle injury, several years…) that getting back to this level is BIG for me. 🙂 I was excited, and I was relieved to be able to dunk my feet in the pool afterwards! Woo!
I had a new drink today, and I LOVE it.
I love lemon lime flavors. I also love how "green" tastes… I love wheatgrass shots, I love green monsters that are spinach only, no sweeteners or fruit. I think this Lemon Lime Green is my new favorite.
Dinner was fresh and spicy. I used my buffalo saucy soy curls and made crunchy – shelled tacos. I have been craving the corn taco shells for a while. I chopped up some romaine, tomato and red onion.
Tacos are not the most photogenic.
Super fresh and tasty, though. I really love the soy curls with buffalo wing sauce. Frank rocks.
Tempt coconut lime rocks too. So do blueberries I have to walk 10 steps out my door to pick.
Any big accomplishments lately? 🙂 Please share with me!
One big thing I miss with eating gluten free? Pasta? No… I love pasta, but rarely ate it anyway. Pasta sauce. More importantly, roux. A roux to make an alfredo. A mac & cheese.
Recently I found a gluten free ravioli. Mmm, it was gorgonzola pear.
I've been eying this for a while.
…and probably not the best pairing with this particular pasta. I would use it again, in a different way. It's not really "alfredo" flavored to me.
So this got me thinking. I have flour. It's gluten free, but I have flour. Can I not make a roux?
Melt the butter, add flour. Stir over medium heat until it darkens a bit. Add milk slowly, constantly stirring. The only way this is different is that it doesn't really stay saucy at this point – it's thicker. Even after all the milk is added. Okay by me – cheesier! 🙂 I added 1 cup grated cheese. Cheddar.
(I'd love to find Daiya someday and make this completely vegan… I know it'd be fabulous).
I made some gluten free penne.
I am in a carby daze now. Time to curl up with J & B and read a book.
Have you entered My Tempting Giveaway yet? 🙂 It's SWEET.
A friend from grade school was in an accident two weeks ago and he broke his left foot and right leg. Long recovery for him, as you can imagine.
Today I tripled my plans for dinner, so he could have dinner taken care of for a day or two.
I made green chile enchiladas – chicken for him, vegetarian / vegan for us.
Saute with a splash olive oil.
Soak in warm water for 10 minutes.
Let those flavors warm up while soy curls are rehydrating.
Ready! Add soy curls to onion + chile mixture. I added a few splashes of sriracha.
Let this mixture warm for a bit – the soy curls should absorb flavors.
Now I'm going to let you all in on the secret to my enchiladas. Creme cheese!
Hope these help a speedy recovery, G.
do these balloons blow up into funny shapes?
As Jason and I were talking last night, we both quoted a line from a movie – same line, same time. We watched that movie last night.
You may recall, I recently (and very vehemently) declared I am once again a vegan, or at the very least, vegetarian. So I took this opportunity to create my own vegan african spicy peanut faux chicken soup.
While they get friendly, add the curry, sea salt + pepper to the stewed tomatoes.
Add this mixture to your soup pot or slow cooker. Add the tomato paste. Add the chicken + onion mixture.
I am so excited about this! Really good flavors, and a nice amount of heat.


text:
The Embassy of Germany in Bagdad is the diplomatic mission of the Federal Republic of Germany in Iraq. In addition, the Consulate General is working in Erbil as the second German representation in the Kurdistan Region in the north of the country. The embassy Baghdad is located in the district of Jadriyah. Ambassador is Ole Diehl.

The Federal Intelligence Service has an office at the Embassy in Baghdad and the Consulate General in Erbil.

References

External links

Bilateral relations of Iraq
Iraq

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It is usually time wasting and tiring to move from one website to another just looking for your meds. Everyone would like to keep his or her medical purchases on a single online pharmacy. This is what you get when you are shopping using the Securetabs network pharmacy sites. These websites which resemble each other but have different domain addresses have over 25 medication categories. This translates to hundreds of drugs. What this tells you is that you will get your meds in a single medication vendor site.
Securetabs pharmacy network has been offering their medications and services to more than one million people. This is to tell you that the drug stores offer great services. This results in establishing a great relationship with their customers. The fact that the sites don't feature a complicated look makes it easy for people who are shopping for medications on the internet for the very first time shop quickly without wasting time.
You don't have to fear a pharmacy network just because it has the same site on different domain addresses. What you need to do is keep loading these sites using the valid domain addresses. There are scam sites looking like the Securetabs drug stores. Even if you happen to be on a scam site by mistake, you will not realize it. Using domain addresses which have already been investigated and proven to be registered by the Canadian Pharmacy Ltd which owns Securetabs pharmacy network is the only way to be safe.
It is always great to shop from an online pharmacy you are sure your queries will be handled quickly and effectively. According to Jacob's testimonial, the sites in the Securetabs drugstore network never disappoint their customers. When the website failed to process Jacob's order, he just needed to call the customer support department and they managed to sort everything out for him. The shipping was quick even though he had paid for the regular shipping.
The pharmacy network always keeps their customers updated about their orders. Alex confirms this. His meds arrived quickly and they all had the quality he wanted. Mark ordered twice from France and the meds got delivered within a period that never exceeded 10 days. The meds had a top quality and he never had to deal with the customs.
Viagra soft will cost you $0.91.
Kamagra will require you to pay $0.90 for a pill.
Cipro is worth only $0.22 a pill.
Propranolol will cost you $0.27 per pill.
Paying for meds will not be an issue as long as you have either a Mastercard or a VISA credit card. If you have neither, these credit cards are easy to obtain. The money you pay is always guaranteed to offer you the value you are looking for. For example, if your meds don't get to you, you only need to inform the customer support department. You will receive a reshipment and if you request a refund, you will get it within a period of 5 to 7 days.
The customer support department does not sleep. They will always answer your questions irrespective of when you call or email. The pharmacy network has sites with a language changing function. Therefore, even if you don't understand English, you can change the sites to your preferred language.
We tried checking out some medications. We were amazed by the offers available in the shopping cart. See the offers below for yourself.
If your meds are costing you over 200 dollars, you get to enjoy a 10% automatic discount and free airmail shipping. If your orders are worth more than 300 dollars, you will not pay for EMS shipping. You will also get some free pills as a bonus. All customers can use the coupon IT-4752 to receive an instant 10% discount on any of the Securetabs network drugstore sites.
The sites in the Securetabs drugstore network have two phone numbers. These are +1 718 487 9792 and +4420 3239 7092. They also have a contact page where you get to fill in your queries and send them an email. The stores lack a live chat function but the customer support department makes up for this by their prompt email replies.
The Securetabs network support team will never call you. The only emails which will appear in your inbox from the pharmacy network will be related to your order. Not unless they are giving you an update related to your order, they won't email you.
Securetabs being a global pharmacy network has invested in making their sites as usable by people as possible. You will have the ability to change the site language and currency by simply selecting what you prefer from the drop-down selection box. The medications you receive will work perfectly. This has already been confirmed by former Securetabs customers in their reviews. The drugs are never delayed. You won't even need a prescription to order. For all these reasons, we rate Securetabs network 5 stars.


text:
Ruth 1:1
NET ©
During the time of the judges 1 there was a famine in the land of Judah. 2 So a man from Bethlehem 3 in Judah went to live as a resident foreigner 4 in the region of Moab, along with his wife and two sons. 5
NIV ©
In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bethlehem in Judah, together with his wife and two sons, went to live for a while in the country of Moab.
NASB ©
Now it came about in the days when the judges governed, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehem in Judah went to sojourn in the land of Moab with his wife and his two sons.
NLT ©
In the days when the judges ruled in Israel, a man from Bethlehem in Judah left the country because of a severe famine. He took his wife and two sons and went to live in the country of Moab.
MSG ©
Once upon a time--it was back in the days when judges led Israel--there was a famine in the land. A man from Bethlehem in Judah left home to live in the country of Moab, he and his wife and his two sons.
BBE ©
Now there came a time, in the days of the judges, when there was no food in the land. And a certain man went from Beth-lehem-judah, he and his wife and his two sons, to make a living-place in the country of Moab.
NRSV ©
In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a certain man of Bethlehem in Judah went to live in the country of Moab, he and his wife and two sons.
NKJV ©
Now it came to pass, in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehem, Judah, went to dwell in the country of Moab, he and his wife and his two sons.
Now it came to pass in the days
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{ruled: Heb. judged}
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mwab {N-PRI} autov
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NET © [draft] ITL
of the judges
there was
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NET © Notes
1 tn Heb "in the days of the judging of the judges." The LXX simply reads "when the judges judged," and Syriac has "in the days of the judges." Cf. NASB "in the days when the judges governed (ruled NRSV)."
sn Many interpreters, reading this statement in the light of the Book of Judges which describes a morally corrupt period, assume that the narrator is painting a dark backdrop against which Ruth's exemplary character and actions will shine even more brightly. However, others read this statement in the light of the book's concluding epilogue which traces the full significance of the story to the time of David, the chosen king of Judah (4:18-22).
2 tn Heb "in the land." The phrase "of Judah" is supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.
3 sn The name Bethlehem (בֵּית לֶחֶם, bet lekhem) is from "house, place" (בֵּית) and "bread, food" (לֶחֶם), so the name literally means "House of Bread" or "Place of Food." Perhaps there is irony here: One would not expect a severe famine in such a location. This would not necessarily indicate that Bethlehem was under divine discipline, but merely that the famine was very severe, explaining the reason for the family's departure.
map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
4 tn Or "to live temporarily." The verb גּוּר (gur, "sojourn") may refer to (1) temporary dwelling in a location (Deut 18:6; Judg 17:7) or (2) permanent dwelling in a location (Judg 5:17; Ps 33:8). When used of a foreign land, it can refer to (1) temporary dwelling as a visiting foreigner (Gen 12:10; 20:1; 21:34; 2 Kgs 8:1-2; Jer 44:14) or (2) permanent dwelling as a resident foreigner (Gen 47:4; Exod 6:4; Num 15:14; Deut 26:5; 2 Sam 4:3; Jer 49:18,33; 50:40; Ezek 47:22-23). Although Naomi eventually returned to Judah, there is some ambiguity whether or not Elimelech intended the move to make them permanent resident foreigners. Cf. NASB "to sojourn" and NIV "to live for a while," both of which imply the move was temporary, while "to live" (NCV, NRSV, NLT) is more neutral about the permanence of the relocation.
sn Some interpreters view Elimelech's departure from Judah to sojourn in Moab as lack of faith in the covenant God of Israel to provide for his family's needs in the land of promise; therefore his death is consequently viewed as divine judgment. Others note that God never prohibited his people from seeking food in a foreign land during times of famine but actually sent his people to a foreign land during a famine in Canaan on at least one occasion as an act of deliverance (Gen 37-50). In this case, Elimelech's sojourn to Moab was an understandable act by a man concerned for the survival of his family, perhaps even under divine approval, so their death in Moab was simply a tragedy, a bad thing that happened to a godly person.
5 tn Heb "he and his wife and his two sons." The LXX omits "two."
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text:
plate-mapper
============

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/squirrelo/plate-mapper.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/squirrelo/plate-mapper)
[![Coveralls Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/squirrelo/plate-mapper/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/squirrelo/plate-mapper)

Knight lab internal sample and protocol tracking. Used to track all wet lab information for prep metadata generation

Requirements
============
 - Python 3
 - Postgres 9.3+

Setup
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 1) Install using setup.py

 2) Copy `platemap_config.txt.example` to `platemap_config.txt` in the same folder. Update settings in the new copy to match your system.

 2) Initialize the database by calling `platemap make`. You can optionallly add a `-t` flag to set the database to test mode and populate with test data.

 3) Start the webserver by calling `python webserver.py`. Navigate to `http://localhost:7778` in your browser to start using the tool. If you have populated with the test data, the username is `User1` and password is `password`.