text:
Protest outside Burmese embassy for the release of Reuters journalists
The International Observatory of Human Rights is organising a peaceful protest in front of the Myanmar Embassy to petition for the release of Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo.
These journalists are just the latest in a long line of human rights violations in Myanmar and we felt that it was important to make a stand against this travesty of justice to support freedom of expression. Therefore, IOHR is calling for all to show solidarity for these journalists by joining the protest on the 27th September.
IOHR Director, Ms Valerie Peay will be delivering an open letter to the State Councillor Aung San Suu Kyi calling for their immediate release and welcoming any other voices who would like to support this protest.
For further information on the event, please do not hesitate to contact ash@observatoryihr.org
WHAT: Protest against the unjust sentencing of Reuters Journalists in Myanmar.
WHEN: 11:00 am, Thursday, 27th September
WHERE: Myanmar Embassy, 19a Charles St, Mayfair, London W1J 5DX
https://goo.gl/maps/ntNU2T6cefB2
MYANMAR'S KILLING FIELDS + Q&A
Yangon Echoes
Demonstration to free Political Prisoners
Rohingya – The Forgotten People
Demonstration in London
Vote NLD campaign event in London
Invitation for Kachin IDPs Fundraising & Awareness Event
Yangon Calling
Myanmar: Internet blackout could fuel genocide against the Rohingya
Action Must Be Taken Over Burma Army Rape Of Ta'ang Woman In Shan State
Facebook: Close Burma Military Facebook Pages – More Than 25 Pages Still Hosted
Student Activists Arrested for Telling Jokes about the Military
Shrinking refuge: new threats to refugee security on the Shan-Thai border
Rape and Sexual Violence
The United Nations and Burma


No doubt many of you have heard of Medicare. Basically, Medicare gives many Australian residents access to free or cheap healthcare. If you live in Australia, you are eligible forMedicare if you hold an Australian or New Zealand citizenship or have applied for or been issued with a permanent visa.
If you don't already have a Medicare card, you can enrol online at www.medicareaustralia.gov.au or get the relevant forms from our local Medicare office.
You can receive benefits for things like consultation fees for doctors including specialists, eye tests performed by optometrists and tests by doctors to treat illnesses including x-rays and blood tests.
You can receive free treatment in a public hospital.
Medicare won't cover you for private patient hospital costs, dental examinations and treatments, ambulance services, acupuncture and hearing aids. For a complete list, visit www.medicareaustralia.gov.au.
Some doctor's "bulk bill" which means you don't have to pay them at all, Medicare will pay their bills directly. If you do have to pay a fee, you can take your receipt to Medicare and claim the benefit. The amount that Medicare pays you is based on the Medicare Benefits Scheduled Fee set by the Federal Government.
Medicare usually pays the full scheduled fee for GP services, 85% of the scheduled fee for other out-of-hospital services and 75% of the scheduled fee for in-hospital services. Keep in mind that some doctors will charge more than the scheduled fee so you won't necessarily be getting a refund of 85% of what you paid.
If you have a lot of out-of-pocket expenses though, the good news is the Medicare Safety Net (MSN) will cover some of these.
Once you meet a MSN threshold, you will be able to get an extra benefit for the rest of the calendar year.
The first threshold is $388.80. Once you reach that, you will start getting paid 100% of the scheduled fee for out-of-hospital services (as opposed to 85%).
The next threshold is $562.90 for concession card holders and families eligible for Family Tax Benefit Part A and $1,126.00 for all other Medicare card holders. Once you're out-of-pocket expenses have reached this level, you will start receiving 80% of your out-of-pocket cost on most services. Some services may be subject to a cap which may be below 80% of your out-of-pocket expenses. Services subjected to the extended MSN benefit cap include all obstetric services, some pregnancy related ultrasounds, all assisted reproductive technology services, one (1) type of vicarious vein surgery, and one (1) type of category surgery in hair transportation for loss as a result of disease or injury.
Couples and families should register for the MSN even if all family members are on the same card. Your costs are combined so you are more likely to reach the threshold sooner.
You can also claim some of your out-of-pocket expenses in your tax return, if your out-of-pocket expenses exceeded $2,000.
Most taxpayers pay the Medicare Levy (ML) of 1.5% of their taxable income to help fund the scheme. There are some exceptions. People on low income may pay a lower amount or be exempt altogether. You may also be exempt from paying the ML if you are of foreign residence a resident of North Folk Island, not entitled to Medicare benefits, or you meet certain medical requirements.
If you earn above $80,000 (for individuals) and $160,000* (for families) and don't have private health insurance, you may have to pay extra in the form of the Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS). The MLS is an extra 1% of your taxable income on top of the ML.
Feel free to contact Ellingsen Partners to discuss your liability to pay the ML or MLS.


text:
Q: SQL Performance using a COALESCE Function I have a SQL Query with a join between several tables.
When I run this query it takes 1min 12 however if I add a Coalesce around the accountID I get a massive performace benefit and it runs in 12 minutes. See the full unedited query below.
    SELECT dbo.CaptionMapItem.CaptionMapItemID,
       dbo.CaptionMapItem.NodeText,
       CaptionMapItem_1.NodeText AS 'Level1_Caption',
       CaptionMapItem_2.NodeText AS 'Level2_Caption',
       dbo.Account.Account,
       SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 4 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'USD_Total',
       SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 5 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'GBP_Total',
       SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 6 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'CAD_Total',
       SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 7 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'EUR_Total'
  FROM dbo.CaptionMapItem
       INNER JOIN dbo.CaptionMapItem AS CaptionMapItem_1
          ON dbo.CaptionMapItem.CaptionMapItemID = CaptionMapItem_1.ParentID
       INNER JOIN dbo.CaptionMapItem AS CaptionMapItem_2
          ON CaptionMapItem_1.CaptionMapItemID = CaptionMapItem_2.ParentID
       LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount
         ON CaptionMapItem_2.CaptionMapItemID = dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount.CaptionMapItemID
       LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Account
         ON dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount.AccountID = dbo.Account.AccountID
       LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Tx
         ON dbo.Account.AccountID = dbo.Tx.CreditAccountID
 GROUP BY dbo.CaptionMapItem.CaptionMapItemID,
          dbo.CaptionMapItem.NodeText,
          CaptionMapItem_1.NodeText,
          CaptionMapItem_2.NodeText,
          dbo.Account.Account
HAVING dbo.CaptionMapItem.NodeText LIKE '%CashFLow%'

Upon running through query analyser it added a coalesce around the accountID join. However it also reduces much quicker when the coalesce is on any join.

A: By wrapping dbo.Account.AccountID into COALESCE, you make the condition unsargable.
SQL Server cannot use nested loops with an index seek on dbo.Account.AccountID anymore and it switches to the index scan with MERGE JOIN or HASH JOIN instead.
Update:
Assuming your CaptionMapItem and CaptionMapItemAccount are key-preserved, try this query:
SELECT  *
FROM    (
        SELECT  dbo.CaptionMapItem.CaptionMapItemID,
                dbo.CaptionMapItem.NodeText,
                CaptionMapItem_1.NodeText AS 'Level1_Caption',
                CaptionMapItem_2.NodeText AS 'Level2_Caption',
                AccountID
        FROM    dbo.CaptionMapItem
        JOIN    dbo.CaptionMapItem AS CaptionMapItem_1
        ON      dbo.CaptionMapItem.CaptionMapItemID = CaptionMapItem_1.ParentID
        JOIN    dbo.CaptionMapItem AS CaptionMapItem_2
        ON      CaptionMapItem_1.CaptionMapItemID = CaptionMapItem_2.ParentID
        LEFT JOIN
                dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount
        ON      CaptionMapItem_2.CaptionMapItemID = dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount.CaptionMapItemID
        LEFT JOIN
                dbo.Account
        ON      dbo.CaptionMapItemAccount.AccountID = dbo.Account.AccountID
        WHERE   dbo.CaptionMapItem.NodeText LIKE '%CashFLow%'
        ) qA
OUTER APPLY
        (
        SELECT  SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 4 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'USD_Total',
                SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 5 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'GBP_Total',
                SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 6 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'CAD_Total',
                SUM(CASE Tx.CurrencyID WHEN 7 THEN dbo.Tx.AmountGross END) AS 'EUR_Total'
        FROM    dbo.Tx
        WHERE   dbo.Tx.CreditAccountID = qA.AccountID
        ) qTX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home TV Shows The Crowded Room starring Tom Holland and Sasha Lane Release Date on Apple TV+
The Crowded Room starring Tom Holland and Sasha Lane Release Date on Apple TV+
Soubick Das - Last Updated: April 5, 2022
The new project of Apple TV+ is in the making and Tom Holland is shining bright with his all-new look and everyone has been found intrigued with it. Apple TV+ has been introducing some of the big shows over time and thus it has also been getting a good response to it which basically shows that the fans have been wanting more from the streaming platform and it is doing exactly so. Mentioning the part that the platform has been working on something big at the time as the upcoming title is named The Crowded Room which would be featuring Tom Holland and Sasha Lane and shall be taking back into the 70s to set a nostalgic mood with a charming look and details that would follow.
Tom Holland and Sasha Lane have been doing great with the 70s look in the movie
The Crowded Room release date on Apple TV+
Tom Holland has been recently part of some of the big movies which basically include Spider-Man: No Way Home and Uncharted and thus the actor has been going big at the time. The upcoming series of Apple TV+ would no doubt be a big one due to the part that Tom Holland will appear in the upcoming project and The Crowded Room will be a big one for the platform. Some of the photos have been released recently which gave a glimpse of what the look of the cast shall be in the upcoming project and it looks cooler than you expect.
Tom Holland along with Sasha Lane has been shining the 70s look with their big transformations and the fans can't wait for the title to drop after coming across the latest look and glimpse of the cast members. The show is said to be an anthology of real people about how they have been through tough and challenging times as they have suffered various types of mental illnesses history is mysterious about this fact. Tom Holland will be playing the role of Billy Milligan, who was the personality known throughout for committing or associated with a crime due to dissociative personality disorder.
The Crowded Room is the second project that Tom Holland will be collaborating with Apple as he was also featured in the movie named Cherry which was brought upon by Joe Russo. The new photos from the set which have been released show how Tom Holland and Sasha Lane are slaying the 70s look with the old school outfits and thus even the hair has been given detail and thus it is considered big over time.
It is yet to see when the title would be released at the time as the authorities will be giving more updates on it and more would be revealed along the time because the audience is getting curious at the time and thus curious to know more about the upcoming project of Apple. However, it is known that the series will be released sometime in 2023.
Stay tuned for more.
TAGS Apple TV+Sasha LaneSpider-Man: No Way HomeThe Crowded RoomTom Holland
Madelyn Cline LEAVING Outer Banks Season 3 after being DUMPED by Chase Stokes and Break Up
Mob Psycho 100 Season 3 Officially Announced; Release Date In 2022
In The Dark Season 4 Episode 2 – Release Date, Synopsis, Cast and Episode Details
Blood and Treasure Season 2 Release Date Confirmed? Everything to know
Rick and Morty Season 6 Release Date CONFIRMED by Justin Roiland
Bull Season 6 Episode 4 "Uneasy Lies the Crown" Release Date On CBS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Phone Number in Pine Grove Mills. Find a Phone Number, Address or other Contact Detail, like Email Address and Profiles of people or friends who live in Pine Grove Mills, Pennsylvania, USA. Results of Phone Numbers and Addresses in any Street.


International Day is Coming Soon!
The third BSB Sanlitun International Day will be taking place on Tuesday 10th November. This will be a fun-filled event for our children - run by the parents.
On this special day, children are invited to come to school in their national costume to represent a country and parents are welcome to join us for a 'Parade of Flags' which will take place from 9am to 9.20am at our Primary Campus.
Parents can also help in a variety of ways – baking snacks, providing decorations or activities for the stand, through to helping man the stand on the day when the children visit with their passports.
The following countries have signed up to take part. If you see your country listed and would like to join in with the fun please email the Event Chair who will connect you with other parents from your country.
New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Taiwan, UK, USA.
If you don't see your country listed but would like to join the day please sign up quickly, there are only a couple of spaces left!


text:
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RockLib.Messaging;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;

namespace Example.Messaging.RabbitMQ.DotNetFramework451
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            EnsureQueueExists();

            Console.WriteLine("Make a selection:");
            Console.WriteLine("1) Create an ISender and prompt for messages.");
            Console.WriteLine("2) Create an IReceiver and listen for messages.");
            Console.WriteLine("3) Create an ISender and an IReceiver and send one message from one to the other.");
            Console.WriteLine("q) Quit");
            Console.WriteLine("Tip: Start multiple instances of this app and have them send and receive to each other.");
            Console.Write("selection>");

            while (true)
            {
                var c = Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar;
                switch (c)
                {
                    case '1':
                        Console.WriteLine(c);
                        RunSender();
                        return;
                    case '2':
                        Console.WriteLine(c);
                        RunReceiver();
                        return;
                    case '3':
                        Console.WriteLine(c);
                        SendAndReceiveOneMessage();
                        return;
                    case 'q':
                        Console.WriteLine(c);
                        return;
                }
            }
        }

        private static void EnsureQueueExists()
        {
            var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
            using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
            using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "task_queue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
        }

        private static void RunSender()
        {
            using (var sender = MessagingScenarioFactory.CreateSender("Sender1"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Enter a message for sender '{sender.Name}'. Add headers as a trailing JSON object. Leave blank to quit.");
                string message;
                while (true)
                {
                    Console.Write("message>");
                    if ((message = Console.ReadLine()) == "")
                        return;

                    if (TryExtractHeaders(ref message, out var headers))
                        sender.Send(new SenderMessage(message) { Headers = headers });
                    else
                        sender.Send(message);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void RunReceiver()
        {
            using (var receiver = MessagingScenarioFactory.CreateReceiver("Receiver1"))
            {
                receiver.Start(async m =>
                {
                    foreach (var header in m.Headers)
                        Console.WriteLine($"{header.Key}: {header.Value}");

                    Console.WriteLine(m.StringPayload);

                    // Always acknowledge, reject, or rollback a received message.
                    await m.AcknowledgeAsync();
                });
                Console.WriteLine($"Receiving messages from receiver '{receiver.Name}'. Press <enter> to quit.");
                while (Console.ReadKey(true).Key != ConsoleKey.Enter) { }
            }
        }

        private static void SendAndReceiveOneMessage()
        {
            // Use a wait handle to pause the main thread while waiting for the message to be received.
            var waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false);

            var sender = MessagingScenarioFactory.CreateSender("Sender1");
            var receiver = MessagingScenarioFactory.CreateReceiver("Receiver1");

            receiver.Start(async m =>
            {
                var message = m.StringPayload;

                Console.WriteLine($"Message received: {message}");

                // Always acknowledge, reject, or rollback a received message.
                await m.AcknowledgeAsync();

                waitHandle.Set();
            });

            sender.Send($"RabbitMQ test message from {typeof(Program).FullName}");

            waitHandle.WaitOne();

            receiver.Dispose();
            sender.Dispose();
            waitHandle.Dispose();

            Console.Write("Press any key to exit...");
            Console.ReadKey(true);
        }

        private static bool TryExtractHeaders(ref string message, out IDictionary<string, object> headers)
        {
            headers = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            var trim = message.TrimEnd();
            if (trim.Length > 1 && trim[trim.Length - 1] == '}' && trim[trim.Length - 2] != '\\')
            {
                var stack = new Stack<char>();
                stack.Push('}');
                for (int i = trim.Length - 2; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    if (trim[i] == '{')
                    {
                        stack.Pop();

                        if (stack.Count == 0)
                        {
                            JObject json;
                            try
                            {
                                json = JObject.Parse(message.Substring(i));
                                message = message.Substring(0, i);
                            }
                            catch (Exception)
                            {
                                return false;
                            }
                            string GetString(object value)
                            {
                                switch (value)
                                {
                                    case string stringValue:
                                        return stringValue;
                                    case bool boolValue:
                                        return boolValue ? "true" : "false";
                                    default:
                                        return value.ToString();
                                }
                            }
                            foreach (var field in json)
                                if (field.Value is JValue value)
                                    headers.Add(field.Key, GetString(value.Value));
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (trim[i] == '}')
                        stack.Push('}');
                }
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Watch Oklahoma City Dodgers vs. Reno Aces live in action on Sat, 10 Aug at the Chickasaw Field at Bricktown, Oklahoma City, OK. Baseball ticket prices may change as per demand but as of right now you can get them for a minimum price of approximately $18. Book your tickets before the stocks run out.


text:
Pro-Israel Democrats warn in television ad: Bernie can't beat Trump 7 mins ago
Home Salon Trump applauds his "high-quality" son for "his transparency" — after Don Jr. changes his story four times
Trump applauds his "high-quality" son for "his transparency" — after Don Jr. changes his story four times
President Donald Trump called his eldest son a "high-quality person" and applauded "his transparency" in a Tuesday afternoon statement after Don Jr. tweeted an email exchange in which he sought to obtain damaging information on Hillary Clinton that was "part of Russia and its government's support for Mr. Trump."
However, Trump Jr. was the furthest thing from transparent, changing his story on multiple occasions throughout the New York Times' drip, drip of reporting on the previously undisclosed meeting. In fact, Trump's eldest son only decided to reveal the emails because the Times had contacted him seeking a comment, and informed him that the contents of the emails were going to be published in a story by the newspaper. He never responded with a comment and posted the email chain, according to the Times.
Yet in a statement on Tuesday, Trump Jr. claimed he was publishing the email exchange "in order to be totally transparent."
If he was trying to be transparent, he should have been up-front from the very beginning — but he deliberately wasn't. As the Washington Post noted he, "told the New York Times in March that he might have attended meetings with Russians while the White House race was in progress — he is a businessman, after all — 'but none that were set up. None that I can think of at the moment. And certainly none that I was representing the campaign in any way, shape or form.'"
He has changed his story four times since.
On Saturday after the existence of the meeting was first reported by the Times, Don Jr. said "It was a short introductory meeting. I asked Jared and Paul to stop by. We primarily discussed a program about the adoption of Russian children that was active and popular with American families years ago and was since ended by the Russian government, but it was not a campaign issue at the time and there was no follow up." While this information may be true, it's deliberately selective and fails to include any of the information currently available to the public.
When the Times reported on Sunday that the meeting was formed so Trump's son could receive damaging information on Clinton, he defended himself by saying, "After pleasantries were exchanged, the woman stated that she had information that individuals connected to Russia were funding the Democratic National Committee and supporting Mrs. Clinton. Her statements were vague, ambiguous and made no sense. No details or supporting information was provided or even offered. It quickly became clear that she had no meaningful information."
Then on Monday after the Times reported Trump's son was told prior to the meeting that the intent was for the Russian's to help aid his father's campaign, he once defended himself. This time he downplayed the severity of what he was actually doing, and labeled at is nothing out of the ordinary.
No inconsistency in statements, meeting ended up being primarily about adoptions. In response to further Q's I simply provided more details. https://t.co/FdT1D4hfhz
— Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr) July 10, 2017
Obviously I'm the first person on a campaign to ever take a meeting to hear info about an opponent… went nowhere but had to listen. https://t.co/ccUjL1KDEa
The president's son also defended himself on Twitter, retweeting comments from various Trump loyalists like Charlie Kirk, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, Bill O'Reilly, and one of the primary leaders of the Brexit charge, Nigel Farage.
Charlie May is a news writer at Salon. You can find him on Twitter at @charliejmay
Charlie May.
Source: Salon: in-depth news, politics, business, technology & culture > Politics
Tags: 'highquality, "his, After, applauds, changes, four, story, Times, transparency, Trump


Let me introduce myself. I am a 21 year old female from Aus.
Long story short I hadn't really earned anything until a new crazy idea popped into my head about a week ago anddd of course I needed to pursue it right away (just like many other wacky ideas I get) except this time round I have a super good feeling.
I don't want to say too much now, but later on down the track I want to reveal it. One of my main aims is to keep coming up with great ideas and implement them for an extra source of income. If I can come up say 5 of these working ideas and I can get each to earning $100 per day, I will reach my goal of $500.
So far everything has been running the way I expected. Slow but steady, which in all honestly, I really like steady. Steady income.
Right now when I tell you my earnings you may laugh at the title of the thread, considering the huge gap in income levels, but keeping in mind that $500 is my 2015 goal.
I am very serious about pursuing a CPA career, and I intend on keeping this thread going for the whole year.
Nice start, I am intested how this will go. I will definitely follow this. I wish motivation and self discipline.
Your gender is irrelevant, unless some how being a women is going to earn you more than us guys.
Your statistic is wrong, you can earn from $10 to $100 in just about a few days if you have ability to work smart and unique.
"I hadn't really earned anything until a new crazy idea popped into my head about a week ago anddd of course I needed to pursue it right away"
Good luck! Your earning log is all from CPA?


We all love Christmas Trees and over the past five years there has been a notable trend with more people electing to buy real trees each year. However, when considering a real Christmas Tree, think about what you are going to do with it, where it is going to be placed, and how you intend supporting your tree. Like cut flowers, cut Christmas Trees require water to maintain their freshness, and to prevent drying out. The major reason for needle drop in Christmas Trees is dehydration, so they need a supply of water at all times.
Christmas Trees need some form of solid support at the base. These supports help to keep the tree standing in an upright position. Some people opt for a bucket of water with a few bricks to provide the weight and the support. Others take the bucket of wet sand approach. Both can certainly help to keep the Christmas Tree supported and hydrated, however, they can look an eyesore. Besides, having gone to the trouble of buying a fresh live Christmas Tree, surely it deserves a decent stand to display it in all its glory.
There are special stands that have been created to specifically hold a Christmas Tree. These Christmas Tree stands carry seasonal designs and colours, have water wells to help keep the tree hydrated, and steel bracket to hold the tree firmly in place. With prices starting at £19.95, they also represent good value, more so since they can be reused year after year.
The Cinco 7 Christmas Tree Stand is one of the most popular. It can easily hold a tree up to 7 feet in height, and with a water well of over six pints, your Christmas Tree will be well looked after. Christmas Tree stands are an essential addition to any Christmas Tree – get the right one and you'll have a great Christmas.
Previous post: How Accurate Are The Early Christmas Trend Suggestions?


text:
Балезино́ — станция стыкования переменного и постоянного тока, расположенная на линии Киров — Пермь Горьковской железной дороги в одноимённом посёлке. Один из крупнейших железнодорожных узлов Удмуртии.

На Киров электрифицирована переменным током, на Пермь постоянным. В перспективе планируется строительство третьего пути до станции Пермь-2 и Нижний Тагил, но под переменным током (Балезино — Пибаньшур — Пермь — Соликамск, Соликамск — Европейская — Нижний Тагил, Нижний Тагил — Серов — Покровск-Уральский и Нижний Тагил — Алапаевск — Егоршино, выход с участка Егоршино — Богданович), который будет электрифицирован от Ижевска.

Используемый подвижной состав: ЧС4Т, ВЛ60, ВЛ80, ЭД9М, ЭД9Т, ЭД4М, ЭД2Т, ЭР2Т, ЧС2, ВЛ11, ЭП2К, ЭП1М, 2ЭС6, 2ЭС10, ЧМЭ3, 2ТЭ10, 3ТЭ10, ТЭП70, М62.

История

Создание станции
Создание станции Балезино связано со строительством Пермь-Котласской железной дороги, которое началось в 1895 году. Интересно, что на этой дороге станции Балезино могло и не оказаться, поскольку в ходе проектно-изыскательных работ для прокладки пути из Вятки в Пермь было предложено 2 возможных маршрута: Кильмезский: по водоразделу рек Чепца и Кильмезь и Чепецкий: по левому берегу реки Чепцы через Глазов. Первоначально работы начались по первому варианту трассы, проходившему южнее Балезино, но весной 1896 года все работы здесь были остановлены. Глазовское земство добивалось прохождения дороги через свой город, в связи с чем были назначены новые изыскания. В результате, в ноябре 1896 года маршрут железной дороги был изменён на ныне существующий.

В 1897 году на левом берегу Чепцы возле удмуртской деревни Извиль началось строительство станции. Выбрано место было не случайно: оно располагалось на одинаковом расстоянии от станций Зуевка и Верещагино, где находились ближайшие паровозные депо. Такое местоположение было оптимальным для размещения пункта смены локомотивов и обслуживающих бригад, заправки поездов топливом и водой. В течение года в выбранном месте были возведены оборотное депо, вокзал, водонапорная башня и различные служебные постройки.  по только что построенной станции прошёл первый поезд. Станция получила имя Балезино, по расположенному на правом берегу Чепцы старинному селу. Первоначально на станции работали 3 телеграфиста, 2 дежурных и 2 составителя. Первым начальником станции стал Пётр Даньшин, начальником паровозного депо Хропин. К 1913 году численность работников станции составила 86 человек.

Советский период
В 1917 году станция насчитывала пять путей. В то время её работу обеспечивали 4 дежурных, четверо сцепщиков, 4 составителя поездов и 12 стрелочников. В конце января 1918 года в Балезине была установлена советская власть, были созданы совет и отряд рабочей милиции. Они организовали работу станции и охрану путевого хозяйства. Начальник станции П. Даньшин во время этих событий скрылся в неизвестном направлении.

Во время Гражданской войны 3 июня 1919 года станцию захватили колчаковские войска, но уже 13 июня под натиском Красной армии они оставили Балезино. Перед отступлением белогвардейцами были выведены из строя почти все станционные механизмы, поэтому по окончании боевых действий на станции сразу начались восстановительные работы.

В годы первых пятилеток возросший поток грузов потребовал увеличения пропускной способности станции, в связи с чем началась её реконструкция. В результате станция значительно расширилась: были построены новые пути, а существующие удлинены. Заправка локомотивов топливом стала механизированной. Для обслуживания новых паровозов серии ФД было расширено депо.

Незадолго до начала Великой Отечественной войны на линии Киров — Балезино — Пермь началась укладка вторых путей, которая продолжалась в тяжёлые военные годы. Ответственный труд железнодорожников по обработке составов обеспечил слаженную работу станции во время войны. Не было допущено ни одной задержки поездов. В эти же годы многие балезинцы самоотверженно трудились на строительстве необходимой для фронта железной дороги Ижевск — Балезино, призванной соединить кратчайшим путём Казанскую и Пермскую железные дороги.

В 1958 году на станции Балезино, впервые в СССР, была введена в строй электрическая централизация стрелок. Перегоны были оборудованы автоблокировкой. Эти меры позволили оптимизировать движение поездов, повысить его безопасность и существенно сократить штат стрелочников.

В 1962 году станция была электрифицирована постоянным током в сторону Перми. В 1964 году была проведена электрификация на Киров переменным током. Так, за два года Балезино превратилось в станцию стыкования, окончательно закрепив за собой статус крупного железнодорожного узла. Для увеличения пропускной способности в связи с ростом грузопотока на станции вскоре был построен дополнительный приёмоотправительный парк  Восточный.

В 1983 году для обеспечения сцепки длинных тяжеловесных составов между Восточным и Западным парками был проложен специальный путь. В конце 1980-х годов вместо старого деревянного здания станции для пассажиров был открыт новый железобетонный вокзал.

Современность
В 2013 году был проведён капитальный ремонт вокзала станции.

В ноябре 2017 года на станции стартовал социокультурный проект «Балезино. Точка мира», в ходе которого пассажиров проходящих через станцию поездов стали знакомить с Удмуртией, Балезинским районом, культурой и традициями проживающих здесь народов. В апреле 2018 года в рамках этого проекта в здании вокзала открылась сувенирная лавка, в которой гости станции могут приобрести работы мастеров Балезинского и Красногорского домов ремёсел.

В апреле 2019 года в Восточном парке станции были введены в эксплуатацию новые пути (13-й и 14-й), рассчитанные на приём грузовых составов длиной до ста вагонов.

Дальнее следование по станции
По графику 2018 года через станцию курсируют следующие круглогодичные и сезонные поезда дальнего следования:

Пригородное следование по станции
Пригородные перевозки по станции Балезино обслуживаются тремя пригородными пассажирскими компаниями: Волго-Вятской ППК (на Киров), Пермской ППК (на Пермь) и «Содружество» (на Ижевск).

Фото

Примечания

Станции Кировского региона Горьковской железной дороги
Станции стыкования родов тока
Железнодорожные станции и платформы Удмуртии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Instilling a love of reading in your child early in life can set them up for a lifetime of learning and adventure. It is a gift that we can give our children that will keep giving and giving throughout their lives.
So what can you do to help your child learn to love reading?
The more reading materials you have in your home the more your children will value reading. Magazines, newspapers, old books, new books. Even better, let them see you reading!
It may seem old-fashioned these days but libraries are chockfull of knowledge and they are a great resource for every age. Many libraries offer story times and special events to help keep children excited about reading.
Nothing is as important as fostering your child's love of reading and learning. Drop Everything And Read is just as important for us as it is for them! If you do all of the above suggestions, your child will most certainly bring you a book to read to them at any time of the day–sometimes in the middle of cooking dinner or folding laundry. DEAR reminds us that despite our busy lives, stopping for even just a few moments to read a short book to our children can have an impact that can last a lifetime. Most importantly, it lets them know that they are important enough for you to stop everything you're doing and devote a few minutes to snuggle up and read a book. They will take that associative memory with them into their school age years, into high school, to college and beyond. Setting them up for a lifetime of learning!


Susan Huckvale Arann, ASID, CID is president of the New York Metropolitan chapter of the American Society of Interior Designers and American and International Designs, Inc. As a leading interior designer, Susan's guiding philosophy is that good design must artistically interpret each client's inherent desire for a personal and unique domicile. She uses rich and radiant colors, incomparable furnishings and dramatic window treatments to deliver deep and abiding luxury.
For a recent project, Susan was retained to design the interior of a luxury apartment in The Residences at The Ritz Carlton New York, Battery Park. The generously proportioned and gracefully appointed Residences provide an ideal environment for expressive interior design. Floors are of a rich mahogany herringbone and fine marble. High ceilings and broad windows add to the generous sense of space.
Sweeping views of New York harbor, the Statue of Liberty, and Ellis Island are the dominant feature of the condominium character. Harmonious elegant furnishings, luxurious fabrics, and original art pieces complete the idyllic waterfront setting.
The panoramic views brought great joy, but the sun's rays also brought great trouble with uncomfortable glare and insidious damage to the floors and furnishings. The sun had to be tamed to protect the interior without limiting the all important views, day or night. As an interior design expert, Susan knew about solar control window film and promptly chose Huper Optik UVShield Nuance to meet the challenge. When professionally installed on the interior of the windows, Huper Optik Nuance cut the sun's glare in half and totally (99.9%) blocked UV rays, the primary cause of the fading wood floors and furnishings, from entering the apartment.
With Huper Optik Window Film on guard, the harbor Huper Optiks are intact 24/7 to the delight of the residents. And the color and vibrancy of Susan's designs will remain vibrant and pristine.


The Swansea City Supporters' Trust has today released an audio recording of its Members only forum with Jason Levien and Steve Kaplan, which took place at the Liberty Stadium the night before the Swans heart-breaking defeat against Spurs.
From what we understand, things did get a little heated when the more prickly questions around the club sale were put to the American owners.
So it will be interesting to hear the forum in its entirety and the exact words spoken, rather than having to rely on the snippets released by both the BBC and Wales Online both during and after the event.
Here is the audio recording, which has thankfully been put onto YouTube. We'd recommend you go and grab yourself a cuppa before listening though as it is almost an hour and 30 minutes long!
Let us know what you think of what was said by both Levien and Kaplan using the comments box below.


text:
Dokonana tajemnica () – książka wydana 17 lipca 1917 roku przez Towarzystwo Strażnica pod redakcją Claytona J. Woodwortha i George'a H. Fishera. Książka ta miała być siódmym tomem Wykładów Pisma Świętego. Decyzja o jej wydaniu wywołała sprzeciw części zarządu Towarzystwa Strażnica przez co pośrednio przyczyniła się do podziałów w ruchu badackim, a także stała się przyczyną prześladowań Badaczy Pisma Świętego pod koniec I wojny światowej.

Okoliczności wydania książki

Książka jest komentarzem do biblijnych ksiąg: Apokalipsy, Pieśni nad Pieśniami i Ezechiela. Publikacja ta miała być kontynuacją Wykładów Pisma Świętego, ich siódmym tomem zapowiadanym przez Charlesa T. Russella, lecz nie ukończonym, z powodu jego śmierci w 1916 roku. Sam C.T. Russell mawiał o tomie siódmym: "Kiedy tylko znajdę klucz napiszę siódmy tom", oraz dodawał: "a jeśli Pan da ten klucz komu innemu, to niech on go napisze".

Powołany po śmierci C.T. Russella przez zarząd Towarzystwa Strażnica Komitet Wykonawczy złożony z Alfreda I. Ritchiego, Williama E. Van Amburgha oraz Josepha F. Rutherforda w listopadzie 1916 roku opracowanie książki powierzył dwóm innym badaczom Claytonowi J. Woodworthowi i George'owi H. Fisherowi. Została ona częściowo oparta na wypowiedziach Charlesa T. Russella dotyczących omawianych w niej ksiąg biblijnych. Z tego względu została nazwana "pośmiertnym dziełem Pastora Russella". Książka Dokonana tajemnica została wydana 17 lipca 1917 roku. Ma ona 736 stron.

Podobnie jak w czasach C.T. Russella, zgodę na jej publikację wydało prezydium zarządu Towarzystwa Strażnica, które stanowili Joseph F. Rutherford – prezes, Andrew N. Pierson – wiceprezes i William E. Van Amburgh – sekretarz-skarbnik. O jej wydaniu nie wiedzieli pozostali czterej członkowie zarządu – Robert H. Hirsh, Alferd I. Ritchie, Isaac F. Hoskins i James D. Wright. W dniu wydania książki w trakcie śniadania członków rodziny Betel w Brookylnie doszło do jawnej manifestacji Paula S.L. Johnsona oraz czterech niezadowolonych członków zarządu wymierzonej przeciw przywództwu Josepha F. Rutherforda nad Towarzystwem Strażnica. Zaogniło to wewnętrzne podziały wśród Badaczy Pisma Świętego, które później spowodowały powstanie Pastoralnego Instytutu Biblijnego i w efekcie odłączenie się kilku niezależnych grup badackich.

Książką Dokonana tajemnica posługiwały się przede wszystkim zbory Badaczy Pisma Świętego związane z Towarzystwem Strażnica. Większość odłamów powstałych po śmierci C.T. Russella ją odrzuciła ze względu na stanowisko oponentów J.F. Rutherforda już w dniu jej wydania. Jednakże używały jej niektóre odłamy Badaczy Pisma Świętego np. zbory Stand Fast Bible Students Association czy Elijah Voice Society.

Zakaz rozpowszechniania

Stany Zjednoczone
Biuro Wywiadu Wojskowego działając w oparciu o doniesienia z Kanady, gdzie "Dokonana tajemnica" została zakazana już na początku 1918 roku, przeprowadziło śledztwo w Biurze w Brooklynie. 4 marca 1918 aresztowano kilku członków wyznania ze Scranton w Pensylwanii, wśród których byli C.J. Woodworth oraz M.L. Herr. Postawiono im oskarżenie o spisek. 14 marca 1918 roku Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki zakazało rozpowszechniania książki Dokonana tajemnica uznając, że narusza ona Ustawę o szpiegostwie z dnia 15 czerwca 1917.

Spornym fragmentem książki były strony 247–253 angielskiego wydania, na których znajdowały się cytaty wypowiedzi znanych osób, potępiających wojnę. Gdy ustalono, że z powodu toczącej się wówczas wojny strony te budziły zastrzeżenia, to jeszcze w tym samym roku zostały usunięte, przed ich udostępnieniem ogółowi. Nie spowodowało to jednak cofnięcia zakazu. Odmówiono też wyrażenia opinii na temat zmienionej wersji książki. Gdy władze powiadomiły prokuratorów okręgowych, iż dalsza dystrybucja będzie stanowić pogwałcenie "Ustawy o szpiegostwie" Towarzystwo Strażnica wstrzymało rozpowszechnianie tej książki. Od tego czasu nasiliły się represje wobec Badaczy w Stanach Zjednoczonych.

15 kwietnia 1918 wydano traktat Wiadomości Królestwa nr 2 pt. Dlaczego zakazano 'Dokonanej tajemnicy'. Wykazano w nim, że przyczyną wydania ograniczeń były zakulisowe działania Kościoła, który w książce Dokonana tajemnica został ostro skrytykowany. 7 maja 1918 roku Federalny Sąd Wschodniego Dystryktu Nowego Jorku nakazał aresztowanie głównych przedstawicieli administracji Towarzystwa Strażnica wraz z redaktorami książki – Williama E. Van Amburgha, Josepha F. Rutherforda, Alexandra H. Macmillana, Roberta J. Martina, Fredericka Homera Robisona, Claytona J. Woodwortha, George'a H. Fishera i Giovanniego De Cecca. Aresztowania przeprowadził James M. Power. Oskarżonym postawiono zarzuty utrudniania poboru mężczyzn do służby w siłach zbrojnych Stanów Zjednoczonych w okresie, w którym państwo było w stanie wojny. W oskarżeniu powoływano się na konkretne fragmenty książki. Podczas pierwszego przesłuchania przed sędzią Edwinem L. Garvinem w Okręgowym Sądzie Stanów Zjednoczonych oskarżeni nie przyznali się do winy. Zostali oni zwolnieni za kaucją od 2500 do 5000 dolarów każdy.

Rozprawa sądowa rozpoczęła się 3 czerwca 1918 roku. Adwokatami broniącymi oskarżonych byli M. Sparks i Fuller, sprawę prowadził sędzia Harland B. Howe z Vermont, a oskarżenie reprezentowali Isaac R. Oeland oraz Charles J. Buchner. 20 czerwca 1918 ława przysięgłych uznała zatrzymanych przedstawicieli Towarzystwa Strażnica winnymi zarzucanych im czynów. Zostali skazani na długoletnie więzienie, którą to karę zaczęli odbywać 4 lipca 1918 roku w federalnym zakładzie karnym w Atlancie.

Proces ujawnił, iż ani członkowie zarządu Towarzystwa, ani redaktorzy książki wcale nie mieli zamiaru przeszkadzać krajowi w prowadzeniu wojny. Przedstawione dowody wykazały, że zarówno plany napisania tej książki, jak i większa część tekstu powstały jeszcze przed przystąpieniem Stanów Zjednoczonych do wojny i że pierwotną umowę wydawniczą podpisano przed wejściem w życie ustawy, o której naruszenie zostali posądzeni.

Oskarżenie kierowało uwagę na dodatki dołączone do książki w kwietniu i czerwcu 1917 roku w trakcie jej przygotowywania i korekty. Znalazła się wśród nich wypowiedź duchownego Johna Haynesa Holmesa, który stanowczo twierdził, że wojna jest pogwałceniem zasad chrześcijaństwa. Jak wskazał jeden z obrońców, dzieło tego duchownego – A Statement to My People on the Eve of War (Orędzie do mojego narodu w przeddzień wojny), było jeszcze w sprzedaży w czasie trwania rozprawy. Za opinie wyrażone w tym kazaniu pociągnięto do odpowiedzialności jednak Badaczy Pisma Świętego, którzy się na nie tylko powołali.

26 marca 1919 skazani zostali wypuszczeni za kaucją. 14 maja 1919 Sąd Apelacyjny w Nowym Jorku skierował sprawę do ponownego rozpatrzenia. 5 maja 1920 roku wycofano akt oskarżenia.

7 marca 1918 roku Emma Martin, Edward Hamm, Edward Sonnenburg i Ernest Stevens uczestniczyli w niewielkim spotkaniu Badaczy Pisma Świętego. Na polecenie prokuratora był też na nim mężczyzna, który miał za zadanie zabezpieczyć dowody w postaci znalezionych przy nich egzemplarzu "Dokonanej tajemnicy". Cała czworka została aresztowana i oskarżona o rozpowszechnianie zakazanej książki co zakwalifikowano jako naruszenie ustawy o szpiegostwie. Po odrzuceniu wszystkich apelacji 17 maja 1920 roku zostali oni uwięzieni na trzy lata. 20 czerwca 1920 roku na zgromadzeniu w San Francisco J.F. Rutherforf poinformował o tym słuchaczy, którzy wysłali w tej sprawie telegram do prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych. Następnego dnia prezydent Woodrow Wilson ułaskawił czwórkę skazanych. Jesienią tego samego roku w nakładzie ponad czterech milionów egzemplarzy opublikowano specjalny 27 numer "Złotego Wieku", w którym opisano niesprawiedliwe traktowanie Badaczy Pisma Świętego w roku 1918.

Kanada
W roku 1918 zakaz rozpowszechniania został wprowadzony w Kanadzie. 12 lutego 1918 roku, władze kanadyjskie wydały zarządzenie, zgodnie z którym posiadanie Dokonanej tajemnicy było przestępstwem podlegającym karze grzywny do 5000 dolarów oraz do 5 lat więzienia. Zazwyczaj za posiadanie książki sądy wymierzały karę od 1 do 500 dolarów. Książce zarzucono przekazywanie treści wywrotowych i antywojennych. Zarządzenie zostało cofnięte 1 stycznia 1920 roku.

Edycje
Pierwszy nakład książki wynoszący blisko 100 tys. został wyczerpany przed końcem 1917 roku. Z powodu lawinowo napływających zamówień w firmach zewnętrznych zamówiono 850 tys. dodatkowych egzemplarzy. Do końca 1917 roku dokonano jeszcze przekładu na język szwedzki i francuski.

21 czerwca 1920 roku wydano Dokonaną tajemnicę w formacie czasopisma nazywanego przez głosicieli ZG. Było to specjalne wydanie "Strażnicy" z 1 marca 1918 roku. Do rozpowszechniania "ZG" zaproszono nie tylko kolporterów, ale wszystkich głosicieli. W trakcie trwania zakazu rozpowszechniania Dokonaną tajemnicę wydano również w formacie kieszonkowym przeznaczonym dla Badaczy Pisma Świętego, którym skonfiskowano osobiste egzemplarze.

W 1923 roku łączny nakład osiągnął 2 400 000 egzemplarzy i był już dostępny w kolejnych językach: fińskim, greckim, niemieckim, norweskim i polskim.

Treść

 Siedmiu Posłańców dla świata – Paweł, Jan, Arjusz, Waldo, Wyklif, Luter, Russell
 Sześć Pieczęci i Papiestwo
 Siódma Pieczęć i Wielka Kampania
 Cztery Wstępne Reformacje
 Dwie Nieudane Reformacyjne Biady
 Wołania prawdziwej Reformacji
 Narodziny Antychrysta
 Siedem Plag Kościelnych
 Obalenie Państwa Szatana
 Tysiącletnie Królestwo
 Zstępujące Królestwo
 Rzeka Łaski i Prawdy
 Miecz – Głody – Mordy – Świtanie Dnia Złego
 Nawiedzenie bezbożnych czterema plagami
 Obłudne kościelnictwo
 Piec Hutniczy wojny
 Upadek Filozofji
 Zupełna ruina Filozofji
 Kościół wraz z Państwem upadną
 Dlaczego kościelnictwo musi runąć
 Posiew anarchii przez kler
 Wielka religijna reformacja
 Ostateczny upadek pychy
 Śmierć pysze tłumów
 Świątnica Boga i rzeka prawdy

Zobacz też
 Historia Świadków Jehowy

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Historia Świadków Jehowy
1917 w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Publikacje Świadków Jehowy


text:
ECTA agrees with BEREC warning against premature de-regulation of fixed voice markets
ECTA - European Competitive Telecommunications Association
Brussels, 13 June 2014: BEREC, the Body of European Regulators, has on Monday published its Opinion on the review of the European Commission's Recommendation on Relevant Markets, stating inter alia that it is premature to remove the fixed voice markets from the list of regulated telecommunications markets.
The European Commission is reviewing the Recommendation which identifies those markets which have characteristics that justify regulation in order to ensure competition. While the European Commission is keen on having fixed voice markets de-regulated, BEREC considers that those markets should stay on the list, given that the competitive conditions in a significant number of Member States justify the continuation of regulation. BEREC also addresses other issues in its Opinion and asks the European Commission, in particular, for guidance on how to tackle joint dominance and oligopolistic market structures.
ECTA very much welcomes BEREC's conclusion that it is premature to de-regulate fixed voice markets, with substantial evidence having been provided in this regard. Indeed, Regulators' decisions clearly show that these markets are not competitive and must be regulated. In ECTA's view, BEREC could have been more forceful when advocating their retention on the list of markets, yet the key point is BEREC considering that the fixed voice markets must stay on the list, a conclusion with which ECTA could not agree more.
ECTA is disappointed that a key issue – maintaining the physical nature of the unbundling market - has not been addressed. In fact, physical access is key to ensure that alternative operators can effectively compete and innovate at the retail level, by building pioneering and affordable offers, which end users can benefit from. The over-emphasis on geographic segmentation of the broadband markets should have also been tackled and a bolder position on the need to segment the market designed to serve business customers would have also been required.
Tom Ruhan, Chairman of ECTA said "It is reassuring that the National Regulators, who are the key players in the regulatory process, see the removal of the fixed voice markets from the list of regulated markets as clearly premature. These markets are regulated in nearly all EU Member States, with a very limited number of Regulators[1] having decided that regulation is not warranted on account of specific national circumstances. The European Commission is putting the cart before the horse and I am glad that BEREC is not playing along. Yet a bolder position could have been expected. It is a pity that BEREC did not take a more pro-competitive stance and has not tackled other issues of great importance such as the need to ring-fence physical access and prevent undue over-emphasis on geographic segmentation."
Erszébet Fitori, Director of ECTA said "Premature de-regulation represents a step back in the liberalisation process. Regulation is there to ensure that those markets which are structurally uncompetitive receive the right push towards competition. Forcing the removal of regulation prematurely will drive competitors out of the market, raise prices for users, stifle innovation and take away hard won benefits from European consumers."
The European Commission must now take the BEREC Opinion into account and modify the drafts accordingly. This gives the European Commission the right opportunity not only to put the fixed voice markets back on the list, but also to tackle those issues which still need improvement, such as ensuring that the physical nature of the unbundling market is maintained, removing the undue over-emphasis on geographic segmentation and segmenting the market designed to serve business customers.
The Recommendation on Relevant Markets, which the European Commission is currently reviewing, identifies those markets which have characteristics that justify regulation in order to ensure competition. National Regulators must analyse and regulate the markets whenever they identify operators with significant market power. The removal of markets from the list means sending National Regulators a very important de-regulatory signal.
The review process involves the consultation of BEREC and thus allows National Regulators, who are the closest to the regulated markets, to advise on which markets should continue being regulated.
ECTA (the European Competitive Telecommunications Association - www.ectaportal.com) is the pan-European pro-competitive trade association that represents more than 100 of the leading challenger telecoms operators across Europe. For over a decade, ECTA has been supporting the regulatory and commercial interests of telecoms operators, ISPs & equipment manufacturers in pursuit of a fair regulatory environment that allows all electronic communications providers to compete on level terms. Our members have been the leading innovators in Internet services, broadband, business communications, entertainment and mobile.
Contact: Inês Nolasco, Senior Regulatory Affairs Manager
(+32 2 290.01.03/ inolasco@ectaportal.com)
Inês Nolasco
Senior Regulatory Affairs Manager
Rue de Trèves 49-51,
Tel : +32 2 290 0103
Mob: +32 478 807 900
www.ectaportal.com
1.Out of 28 National Regulators, only three have de-regulated the retail access fixed telephony market (the Finnish, the Dutch and the Romanian Regulators, with the German Regulator having de-regulated a specific high-end segment of the market). Out of 28 National Regulators, only three have de-regulated the wholesale fixed call origination market (the Estonian, the Finnish and the Romanian Regulators).


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Compendium of Fish and Fishery Product Processes, Hazards, and Controls
National Seafood HACCP Alliance for Training and Education
» Seafood Processes and Controls
» Biological Hazards and Controls
» Chemical Hazards and Controls
» Physical Hazards and Controls
The Seafood HACCP Alliance greatly appreciates the dedication and contributions of Robert J. Price, Ph.D. in creating and editing the "Compendium of Fish and Fishery Product Processes, Hazards, and Controls."
Introduction: The "Compendium of Fish and Fishery Product Processing Methods, Hazards and Controls" is designed as a companion document to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's "Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guide" and the Seafood HACCP Alliance's "HACCP: Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Training Curriculum." The Alliance intends to revise and reissue this Compendium from time to time as the state of knowledge advances relative to fish and fishery product processes, hazards and controls.
Note: The Editors are updating the Compendium. The new format of the chapters will be printed as PDF files instead of html files. If you have any US State guidelines that should be included, please email the document or web address with your name to: Compendium Editors.
Seafood Processes and Controls
Chapter 1: Acidified, Fermented, and Salted Fish and Fisheries Products (4/23/10)
Chapter 2: Battered Fish and Fisheries Products (12/9/12)*
Chapter 3: Cooked Fish and Fishery Products (6/22/04)
Chapter 4: Dried Fish and Fishery Products (6/28/02)
Chapter 5: Pasteurized Fish and Fisheries Products (11/29/06)
Chapter 6: Refrigerated Fish and Fisheries Products (12/9/12)*
Chapter 7: Smoked Fish and Fisheries Products (4/23/10)
Chapter 8: Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Packaged Fish and Fisheries Products (7/2/02)
Biological Hazards and Controls
Chapter 9: Aerobic Plate Count (3/7/08)
Chapter 10: Bacillus cereus (11/30/06)
Chapter 11: Campylobacter spp. (11/30/06)
Chapter 12: Clostridium botulinum (12/22/09)
Chapter 13: Clostridium perfringens (11/30/06)
Chapter 14: Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Escherichia coli (7/26/07)
Chapter 15: Listeria monocytogenes (9/2/03)
Chapter 16: Parasites (9/2/03)
Chapter 17: Salmonella spp. (3/26/07)
Chapter 18: Shigella spp. (12/1/06)
Chapter 19: Staphylococcus aureus (9/2/03)
Chapter 20: Vibrio spp. (11/21/06)
Chapter 21: Yersinia enterocolitica (9/2/03)
Chemical Hazards and Controls
Chapter 22: Aquaculture Drugs (8/28/07)
Chapter 23: Environmental Chemical Contaminants and Pesticides (5/8/03)
Chapter 24: Food and Color Additives (7/3/02)
Chapter 25: Methyl Mercury (7/3/02)
Chapter 26: Natural Toxins (3/8/11)
Chapter 27: Scombrotoxin (Histamine) Formation (12/12/09)
Physical Hazards and Controls
Chapter 28: Hard or Sharp Objects (9/2/03)
*Acrobat Reader required
Compendium Update Log (12/9/12)
Lucina E. Lampila, Ph.D., R.D., Principal Editor (LSU AgCenter, Louisiana Sea Grant College Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803)
Pamela D. Tom, M.Sc., Senior Editor (University of California, Davis: California Sea Grant Extension Program, and Food Science and Technology Department)
The original authors were Robert J. Price (Extension Specialist Emeritus, Seafood Products) and Pamela D. Tom (Seafood Extension Program Manager), Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8598
UCSGEP 97-1W; February 1997 (Affirmative Action Statement) Updated December 29, 2004
This work is sponsored in part by NOAA, National Sea Grant College Program, Department of Commerce, under grant number NA36RG0537, project number A/EA-1, through the California Sea Grant College Program, and in part by the California State Resources Agency. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes.
The authors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have contributed to, or reviewed, chapters of the Compendium:
Carlos Abeyta, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, USA
Wallace Andrews, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Dane Bernard, National Food Processors Association, Washington, DC, USA
Jeffrey Bier, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Kathryn J. Boor, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
James Cameron, Occupational Health and Safety, Morphett Vale, South Australia, Australia
Robert Collette, National Fisheries Institute, Arlington, VA, USA
David W. Cook, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL, USA
Allison Crandall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Roger DeCamp, National Food Processors Association, Seattle, WA, USA
Richard H. Dougherty, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Peter Feng, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Custy Fernandes, Mississippi State University, Pascagoula, MS, USA
George Flick, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Ken Gall, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Thomas Graham, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL, USA
David P. Green, North Carolina State University, Moorehead City, NC, USA
Sherwood Hall, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Timothy Hansen, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Doris Hicks, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA
Kenneth S. Hilderbrand, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
Anthony Hitchins, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Peter Howgate, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, UK (Retired)
George Jackson, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Michael Jahncke, Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Gary Jensen, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
Vijay Juneja, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
Felicia Kow, Australian Maritime College, Tasmania, Australia
Ronald Labbe, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
Roy E. Martin, National Fisheries Institute, Arlington, VA, USA
Larry J. Maturin, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL, USA
Michael Moody, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Barry Mopper, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Brooklyn, NY, USA
David M. Ogrydziak, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Alan Olsen, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
W. Steven Otwell, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Francis Pell, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Joe Regenstein, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Ann Reilly, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Thomas E. Rippen, University of Maryland, Princess Anne, MD, USA
Guy Skinner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL, USA
Hiam Solomon, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Richard F. Stier, Consulting Food Scientist, Emeryville, CA, USA
John D. Tilden, Jr., Food and Dairy Division, Michigan Department of Agriculture, Lansing, MI, USA
Donn R. Ward, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Stephen Weagant, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, USA
Lisa Weddig, National Food Processors Association, Washington, DC, USA
Martin Wiedmann, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Kim Young, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA


In the State of New Hampshire, the family law attorneys at Lucas Law PLLC, in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire, are committed to ensuring that issues and challenges related to child support are dealt with in a thorough, proper, and expedient manner. They understand that child support is an integral and important aspect of any divorce that involves minor children. That means that the proper calculation of child support is essential to a child's welfare, as is a complete description of all agreements pertaining to it.
Is Child Support Being Paid?
There are times that, despite the fact that there are strict laws governing it, child support does not get paid. Sometimes, even after court ordered child support, the parent will not take care of their responsibility. This occurs for various reasons, including disagreements between the former spouses, which then spillover into areas that affect their children such as payments for child support.
Other reasons as to why some parents don't pay child support include the fact that some former spouses simply believe that the custodial parent does not need the child support money; the feeling that they cannot afford to make payments, or the belief that they do not have such a responsibility towards their child. Also, for one reason or another, some parents simply do not act responsibly when it comes to caring for their child.
But no matter what the reason may be for a parent being negligent in child support payments, the family law attorneys at Lucas Law PLLC, will passionately defend the rights of minor children and are dedicated to making sure that child support payments are fair, and that they are made in a timely manner.
Child support is based on the basic fact that when two people have a child each parent has a responsibility for providing financial support for that child. Thus, child support is based on the belief that when a divorce is granted that although the marriage is no longer intact, that a parent's responsibility to their child is and that no matter which parent's home the child occupies, the minor child requires adequate fiscal support.
At Lucas Law PLLC, in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire, we believe that child support is a matter of ensuring that a minor child has the opportunity to grow up in a healthy manner where they know that both parents care about and love them. It is important to realize that there are specific safeguards concerning child support, and that if a parent is not meeting their obligation, the state can use their power to enforce support provisions that are outlined in the formal dissolution of marriage decree as issued by the State of New Hampshire.
A lawyer who is experienced in family law and divorce can help you determine if the child support that you are requesting is adequate enough. However, the state has specific methods of calculating child support payments, which include considering the parents' combined net income. Other elements that are accounted for include how many children are in need of support and how much time a child will spend with each parent. Then it's determined what percentage the paying parent's income is of the overall, combined incomes. From those figures, child support is determined.
If you have minor or dependent children and are involved in a divorce or if you have been granted child support but your former spouse is not meeting their obligations, then Contact child support attorneys at Lucas Law PLLC, in Laconia, Gilford, Rochester, Meredith and throughout New Hampshire or Call at (603) 581-7102. We are aggressive and passionate in our efforts to make sure that both parents properly support children of divorce. Contact us today for more information on child support or to arrange a free, no-obligation meeting with one of our divorce lawyers.


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13 February 2017 Reed Smith Client Alerts
NFA Update for Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors
Home Perspectives NFA Update for Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors
Authors: Peter Y. Malyshev
On January 11, 2017, the National Futures Association issued a notice to its members regarding commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors claiming an exemption or exclusion from registration pursuant to certain Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations. The notice reminds NFA members that CPOs and CTAs claiming certain exemptions from CFTC and NFA registration must affirm their notice of exemption with the NFA by March 1, 2017. We detail the major take-aways from the notice, and other notable updates for CPOs and CTAs in this client alert.
As a new calendar year begins, commodity trading advisors ("CTA") and commodity pool operators ("CPO") must review and tend to their continuing regulatory obligations with the National Futures Association ("NFA"). In 2016, the NFA brought several enforcement actions against CPOs and CTAs for failing to comply with NFA rules, including its reporting requirements. Accordingly, it is important that all CPOs and CTAs currently claiming an exemption or exclusion from U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") and NFA registration pursuant to certain CFTC regulations, affirm their exemption by March 1, 2017. Market participants should note that the recent executive order signed into law by President Trump aimed at rolling back the Dodd-Frank Act does not impact their regulatory obligations. The executive order merely directs the CFTC and other agencies to review their regulations in light of the principles in the order. Accordingly, market participants should comply with the laws and regulations as they currently exist, and consider the NFA's Annual Notice detailed below.
Annual Notice of Exemption Filing for CPOs/CTAs
On January 11, 2017, the NFA issued a notice to its members regarding CPOs and CTAs claiming an exemption or exclusion from registration pursuant to certain CFTC regulations.1 The notice reminds NFA members that CPOs and CTAs claiming certain exemptions from CFTC and NFA registration must affirm their notice of exemption with the NFA by March 1, 2017.
The Commodity Exchange Act, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, ("CEA"), and the CFTC's regulations require CPOs and CTAs to register with the CFTC and the NFA, unless an exemption or exclusion applies. CPOs and CTAs that claim an exemption or exclusion from registration under CFTC regulations 4.5, 4.13(a)(1), 4.13(a)(2), 4.13(a)(3), 4.13(a)(5), or 4.14(a)(8) must file annual notices of exemption with the NFA within 60 days following the calendar year end. Reed Smith discussed this obligation in detail in a previous Client Alert available here.
NFA asks its members to "take reasonable steps" to determine that the CPOs and CTAs with which they deal are not in violation of the NFA's rules regarding exempt status. The NFA expects its members to perform reasonable diligence in reviewing the CPO/CTA that previously claimed an exemption from registration on the NFA's BASIC system, or using the NFA's exemptions spreadsheet to determine that the CPO/CTA has affirmed its exemption(s) in the past.
NFA members may easily perform due diligence on CPOs and CTAs using the NFA's website.2 If they determine that a CPO or CTA does not have an active exemption, the NFA requires them to cease transacting customer business with the CPO/CTA.
Enforcement Actions against CPOs/CTAs
In 2016, the NFA brought five enforcement actions against CPOs and CTAs for failing to comply with its rules. These cases involved reporting and filing violations, making inaccurate and/or misleading statements to the NFA, failing to cooperate fully and promptly with an NFA examination, and misappropriating customer funds. In one case, the NFA fined a CPO/CTA $60,000 for failing to timely file three quarterly reports, eight annual pool financial statements, and three CTA PR reports.3 It is important that CPOs and CTAs carefully review their reporting requirements, and timely file all necessary reports with the NFA and verify that the reports are accurate. The NFA revoked several CPOs and CTAs memberships last year for submitting false or misleading information in NFA filings and reports.4
See Notice I-17-02 (Jan. 11, 2017), available at nfa.futures.org.
NFA members may perform diligence on their counterparties using the NFA's BASIC system, available at nfa.futures.org/basicnet.
See In the Matter of The Cambridge Strategy Asset Management Limited, NFA Case No. 16-BCC-013 (Nov. 2, 2016).
See In the Matter of TGI Capital Management Limited, NFA Case No. 15-BCC-032 (Feb. 24, 2016); In the Matter of Tina Mozhayski, D/B/A RF Intl, NFA Case No. 15-BCC-004 (Mar. 24, 2016).
Capabilities: Commodities Energy & Natural Resources
Offices: Washington, D.C.
The American Bar Association Derivatives and Futures Law Committee Winter Meeting 2022
Reed Smith enhances corporate practice in Asia with hire from Singapore formal law alliance partner
Update on UK energy supply market and new regulatory measures


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Better late than never: GE decides to get into the energy storage business
(07 Mar 2018) There are so many reasons why General Electric (GE $14-$15-$31) went from king of the hill to nearly irrelevant, and they all swirl around a leadership vacuum. The former "biggest company in the world" has now decided that its next big thing is energy storage. To be sure, this burgeoning business will be enormous. The overarching problem with alternative energy has been storage of the energy produced, for later use. Tesla (TSLA) understood that years ago, and built the famed Gigafactory near Sparks, Nevada. They also deployed a giant battery system in Australia last year. Germany's Siemens AG (SMAWF) joined forces with US utility company AES (AES) to create what will be the world's largest battery storage unit, to be located in Long Beach, California. Now, finally, General Electric is launching GE Reservoir, a giant platform that will store massive amounts of energy generated from wind turbines and solar panels for use on-demand. Will the company become a leader in the battery storage game? Based on two previous flops—one to sell battery systems and one to create its own battery cells—we don't like their odds.
GLBL
Under the Radar: TeraForm Global, Inc.
UPDATE: (28 Dec 2017) Tera Form Global goes private. Brookfield Asset Management took TeraForm Global private, paying shareholders $5.10 per share.
(20 Sep 2017) TeraForm Global (GLBL $3-$5-$5) is a diversified, renewable energy company. Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, the company owns and operates solar, wind, and hydro-electric power generation assets around the world. The company has steadily grown its revenues over the past five years, doubling its operating revenue last year (to $214 million). The company is in the small-cap growth style box, with an $840 million market cap. TeraForm's systems have a portfolio capacity of 919 megawatts (MW), with the vast majority being produced in Brazil, India, and China.
Penn New Frontier Fund member First Solar Pops on Earnings Beat
(25 Feb 16) Penn New Frontier Fund member First SolarFSLR popped 12.4% on Wednesday after beating street estimates for the fourth quarter. It is an impressive feat for an alternative energy company to even turn a profit, but the Arizona-based firm reported a bottom-line gain of $1.60 per share on the back of fourth-quarter earnings of $164.1 million. The average analyst estimate for earnings was 80 cents per share.
For the year, First Solar, the largest solar energy company in the US, brought in $3.6 billion in revenue. Nearly $550 million of that amount trickled down to a bottom-line profit for the year, equaling an impressive operating margin of 15%. For comparison, consider SolarCity'sSCTY 2015 operating margin of -162%.
Despite lower energy prices, which typically hurt alternative energy companies, we added First Solar to the New Frontier Fund last fall because of its industry-leading project management and installation process. In the last issue of the Journal, we discussed India's $100 billion alternative energy push, and how a company like FSLR can reap massive gains from its business in that country.
Despite the current fossil fuel glut, alternatives will continue to gain steam going forward, both in the US and around the globe. That being said, selection is critical to avoid buying into a company based on the outlook of its industry rather than the fundamentals of its business.
Subsidies have kept the solar industry afloat over the past decade. It is not unreasonable to think that these subsidies may suddenly evaporate, considering the country's $19 trillion debt crisis. If that happens, only the strongest will survive. Economies of scale will shutter the doors of many smaller alternative energy startups, leaving only the biggest and strongest. We believe FSLR stands head and shoulders above its peer group.
The Chinese government has provided artificial life support to its own energy companies like Trina Solar, but we see American ingenuity ultimately winning this race.
(Reprinted from the Journal of Wealth & Success, Vol. 4, Issue 3.)
(OK, got it. Take me back to the Penn Wealth Hub!)


Control of breathing in invertebrate model systems.
The invertebrates have adopted a myriad of breathing strategies to facilitate the extraction of adequate quantities of oxygen from their surrounding environments. Their respiratory structures can take a wide variety of forms, including integumentary surfaces, lungs, gills, tracheal systems, and even parallel combinations of these same gas exchange structures. Like their vertebrate counterparts, the invertebrates have evolved elaborate control strategies to regulate their breathing activity. Our goal in this article is to present the reader with a description of what is known regarding the control of breathing in some of the specific invertebrate species that have been used as model systems to study different mechanistic aspects of the control of breathing. We will examine how several species have been used to study fundamental principles of respiratory rhythm generation, central and peripheral chemosensory modulation of breathing, and plasticity in the control of breathing. We will also present the reader with an overview of some of the behavioral and neuronal adaptability that has been extensively documented in these animals. By presenting explicit invertebrate species as model organisms, we will illustrate mechanistic principles that form the neuronal foundation of respiratory control, and moreover appear likely to be conserved across not only invertebrates, but vertebrate species as well. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:1745-1766, 2012.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Previous Document: Cell Biology and Physiology of CLC Chloride Channels and Transporters.
Next Document: Pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia in the central nervous system.


An opportunity has arisen at a top tier Investment Bank for a QA Engineer to bring their automation skills and deliver to priority projects within the Equities and Algorithmic space. This is a permanent position based in London.
Coming in as a QA Engineer into this leading Investment bank you will be looked at to run a small team to work on a QA solution in regards to an interesting project within Algorithmic trading. This will include coming to grips with the requirements set by new incoming regulations which will have a long term effect on how Algo's will be tested.
This is a key project for them, and therefor this QA Engineer position is a priority. A key component of the role will be to build automation test frameworks in python within a Linux environment and you will be using their proprietary toolset. Having experience within financial services is an advantage as you will be expected to be able to understand and explain basic trading concepts.


In this article we are going to learn about Codeception Tests. What is Codeception test? How it works?
Codeception is full test framework for TDD and BDD styled test cases. That means we can write both traditional Unit Test formatted test as well as Behavior Driven Development formatted tests.
Codeception is build on PHP. So, we need to have PHP running in the PC as well as in the path. You may read these posts to install environments which is needed for codeception.
1. How to install PHP in windows?
2. How to install PHP Extensions in windows?
3. What is composer? How to install composer in windows?
Codeception contains mainly 3 suits.
We can add API test suits manually. So, codeception is complete testing framework. It has supports for different modules.. You can get detail module description from this link.
For different type of tests, codeception has different configurations you can get full configuration file lists from here.
and several other modules as utilities..
When we write tests in CEPT format(BDD Style), It actually compiled two times before execution. That means, first it will compiled with depended modules and again compiled during execution. So, if we write our custom functions in test case files, it will be run twice, so, it is not proper to write custom functions in the test case. Codeception has separate way to write custom module. Like as other module, we have to write our custom module and include in configuration file to enable that. Then if we build, it will accessible from our Test Files with Guy Class.
There is another format named as CEST format which is actually PHPUnit format(where we have before and after function).
It is woks like PHPUnit. See my other posts describing CEST & CEPT format test cases.
You may see codeception supporting modules where we can write tests from this post. We can write test for those modules.
Note ; Now a days, selenium IDE has a plug-in for Codeception Formatter which recode and convert tests in codeception format.
In this article we are going to see how can we configure codeception for different configurations.
If we initiate the full test suite we might see these three YML file for configurations.
->Bootstrap settings and result view configurations.
Here is the default configuration which created while first test suits are created.
Note : You can see my this post for getting different settings for those configuration ymls.
What are the modules in Codeception? Why we use those?
In this article we are going to see the all available modules of codeception and we will try to find out why we use which one.
A. WebDriver: Previously it was Selenium and Selenium2. We need selenium selenium server and supported browsers. We can also add phantomJS browser in the server to run test. Note, we need to start the server before running tests.
C. SOAP : For testing SOAP WSDL web services with PhpBrowser or Frameworks. It sends requests and check if response matches the pattern.
D: REST : To test REST WebService with PhpBrowser or Frameworks.
2. Functional Test : Codeception test with command line frameworks. So, all functional and API tests are in this category. We need project code to test them.
A. Dbd: This replaced Db module (in functional and unit testing). It requires PDO instance to be set.
C. Symfony1 : For working with Symfony 1.4 application. Doctrine and sfDoctrineGuardPlugin are used to Authorization features.
D. Symfony2 : Uses Symfony2 crawler and HttpKernel to emulate requests & get responses.
E. Yii1 : it provides integration with Yii framework. We need to install Codeception-Yii Bridge which have component wrappers.
F: Yii2: This module provides integration with Yii2 Framework.
G: ZF1 : To run tests inside Zend Framework. It is like ControllerTestCase with Codeception syntax.
H: ZF2 : This module allows you to run tests inside Zend Framework 2.
J : Phalcon1 : This module provides integration with Phalcon framework (1.x) for testing.
K : Kohana : Used for integration with Kohana v3 functional tests.
3. Unit Test : Like as functional test, codeception run that internally with PHPUnit. So , we need code to test.
Independent Module : Some spatial modules can be used commonly or independently with any suit.
A. AMQP : This module interacts with message broker software that implements the AMQP(Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) standard.
B. CLI : Which is a wrapper for basic shell command.
C: Doctrine1 : Allows integration and testing for projects with Doctrine1.x ORM.
D: Doctrine2 : Allows integration and testing for projects with Doctrine2 ORM.
E: Db: This module works with SQL Database.
H. Redis : Works on Redis Database.
I. Sequence : It works on data clean up. This is used for initiating data in database for testing and we can clean up. It has no effect on testing but have on initiating test data.
J. Memcache : Connects to memcached to perform cleanup by flashing all values after each test run.
How to Run Test in Codeception?
In this article we are going to see the Test running command. From my previous article we know about initiating test case. Now its time to run. I will write commands for running in different ways.
And Now, with Every Run Command We can use different options. Day by day, the number of options are getting increased. I am mentioning some necessary options that we may use.


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Taking the Sting out of Injection and Infusion Coding
By Melanie Endicott, MBA/HCM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P
Injection and infusion coding is a challenging area, thanks to vast instructional notes, hierarchy rules, and payer-specific policies.
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) defines the terms "injection" and "infusion" as:
Injection—delivers a dosage in one "shot," rather than over a period of time; may be administered by various routes, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraarterial, and intravenous
Infusion—administration of intravenous fluids and/or drugs over a period of time for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
Medication that is given for an immediate effect (typically within 3-5 minutes) is an injection. Medication or solution that is provided through saline or other solutions given over a period of time (usually 30 minutes or more) is an infusion.
Injection and Infusion Coding Scenarios
Case: A 66-year-old patient arrives in the ER and receives a two-hour therapeutic infusion of a drug. One hour later, he receives an IV push of the same drug. How is this reported?
Answer: Coders should use 96365 for the first hour of infusion, 96366 for the second hour of infusion, and for the IV push of the same drug.
Case: A 62-year-old patient comes to the ER complaining of pain in his legs and back, saying he feels nauseous and lightheaded. The hospital starts an IV and gives a bolus of normal saline to hydrate the patient from 7-7:20 a.m. At 7:15 a.m. an IV push of morphine is given. How is this reported?
Answer: Code 96374 is reported for the IV push of morphine. No code is assigned for the hydration since the time is less than 30 minutes.
Injection and Infusion Coding
Injection and infusion codes, including hydration and chemotherapy administration, are found in the CPT codebook beginning with code 96360 and ending with code 96549. There are extensive instructional notes within this subsection to assist coders. Coders should be familiar with these notes and consult them each time a code is assigned from this subsection.
This section of notes includes a list of items included in an injection or infusion service, definitions of the various types of infusions, proper coding of multiple infusions, hierarchy rules, and units of time instructions.
The services included (not reported separately) are:
Use of local anesthesia
Intravenous (IV) start
Access to indwelling IV, subcutaneous catheter, or port
Flush at conclusion of infusion
Standard tubing, syringes, and supplies
Multiple infusions of different substances or drugs can be reported separately. In situations where multiple drugs are administered on the same date of service, the coder should assign only one initial service code if the medications are given at the same IV site. When a subsequent or concurrent injection or infusion is done, a subsequent or concurrent code is reported. For example, if a patient receives an IV push following an initial one-hour infusion, the IV push is reported as a subsequent service.
Reporting of multiple infusions of the same substance/drug is slightly different. The initial code is reported for the first infusion. Any subsequent infusions are reported based on the individual times of the infusions using the appropriate add-on code.
The notes within this subsection define initial infusion, sequential infusion, and concurrent infusion. The initial infusion for physician reporting is the primary reason for the encounter. For facility reporting, however, the initial infusion is determined by using the hierarchy as depicted in Figure 1. A sequential infusion is defined as an infusion or IV push of a new substance/drug following a primary or initial service. A concurrent infusion is one in which a new substance/drug is infused at the same time as another substance/drug.
An intravenous (IV) push is defined by CPT as: "(a) an injection in which the healthcare professional who administers the substance/drug is continuously present to administer the injection and observe the patient, or (b) an infusion of 15 minutes or less." There are multiple codes for IV push and the code selection is based on whether the push is initial or not and the time that elapses between pushes for multiple pushes of the same non-chemotherapeutic substance or drug.
When coding hydration services, there are important factors to consider. A hydration service cannot be reported when fluids are used solely to administer drug(s), or to keep the line open. In addition, do not report hydration if it is performed concurrent to another infusion. Hydration provided before or after chemotherapy is appropriate to charge, but not hydration running during chemotherapy. Hydration should be reported with other drug administration services, but typically not as "initial." Medically necessary hydration is reported with the add-on hydration code when another service is reported as initial. And lastly, hydration services of 30 minutes or less cannot be reported.
Therapeutic infusions (chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy) have their own set of coding rules. The initial hour of infusion is 16 to 90 minutes. Add-on codes are reported for additional hours of infusion beyond the first only after more than 30 minutes have passed from the end of the previously billed hour (i.e., 91 minutes for an additional hour). Time documentation is critical since separate codes exist for initial, sequential, and concurrent infusions. It is important to note that infusions of 15 minutes or less are reported using an IV push code.
Figure 1 – Injection and Infusion Hierarchy for Facility Reporting
Figure 1 depicts the hierarchy rules associated with facility reporting of the initial injection or infusion service. If a patient receives two or more of these services, the service that is higher on the pyramid is reported as the initial service. For example, if the patient is receiving a chemotherapy injection and a hydration infusion, the chemotherapy injection is reported as the initial service, followed by the hydration infusion. The hierarchy takes precedence over parenthetical instructions for add-on codes. Keep in mind that this hierarchy applies to facility reporting, not to physician reporting.
Figure 2 – Injection and Infusion Decision Tree
Below is a list of questions to consider when assigning injection and infusion codes.
Addressing Coding Compliance Concerns
In an environment of increasing external audits by governmental agencies and third-party payers, hospitals must monitor and resolve drug administration coding, billing, and charge capture issues. Some of the current Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' recovery audit contractor initiatives focus on units of service reporting in injection and infusion coding. Contractors are looking for excessive units of chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy medications, correct reporting of IV hydration (i.e., use of modifier -59), and use of multiple initial service codes.
Those assigning injection and infusion codes must have a thorough knowledge of the National Correct Coding Initiative edits, which provide edits on Medicare claims to check for irregularities. Close adherence may help avoid negative audit results.
Another topic to consider is who is "assigning" the drug administration codes. Questions can arise about whether these services should be charge-driven at the point of care, coded by the HIM department, or a combination. There is not one specific solution to these charge capture questions. It depends on factors such as staff capacity, organization culture, volume and mix of services, types of tools available, EHR or other electronic documentation, knowledge and expertise of staff, and budget issues.
To help mitigate compliance concerns, follow these tips:
Adhere to American Medical Association CPT information, including parenthetical notes and text
Make documentation the first priority
Collaborate with nursing, clinical, and HIM staff to verify, validate, and code based on documentation
Work with staff to resolve edits and provide feedback
Conduct internal and external audits periodically
Provide education to charging and coding staff
Seek guidance when information is confusing/inconsistent
Implement processes to secure revenue integrity
AHIMA. CPT Coding for Injections and Infusions. Audio Seminar, May 8, 2012.
American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. Chicago: AMA, 2001.
American Medical Association. CPT Professional Edition. Chicago: AMA, 2012.
Melanie Endicott (melanie.endicott@ahima.org) is a director of HIM Solutions at AHIMA.
Endicott, Melanie. "Taking the Sting out of Injection and Infusion Coding" Journal of AHIMA 83, no.11 (November 2012): 74-76.
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text:
import sys
import os
basepath = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
print("\n======================================================================================================")
sys.path.append(basepath + "\\modules\\")
print("module search path added;" + basepath + "\\modules\\")
sys.path.append(basepath + "\\altlib\\")
print("module search path added;" + basepath + "\\modules\\")
sys.path.append(basepath + "\\modules\\libs\\Lib\\site-packages\\")
print("module search path added;" + basepath + "\\modules\\libs\\Lib\\site-packages\\")
print("======================================================================================================\n")

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from serial import Serial as sl
import serial
import conf
import time
import pymidi as mdp

def init():
    if not os.path.exists(basepath + "\\main.ini"):
        cfg = open(basepath + "\\main.ini", 'w')
        cfg.write("""[common]
#using COM serial port.
#exsample
#
#windows
#port = COM3
#
#Linux, Mac
#port = /dev/tty/serial-1
port = COM3
baudrate = 9600

[level]
stopbits = 1
bytesize =8
""")
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                           level = ["stopbits", "bytesize"])

cf = init()
print("config loaded; ")
print("\nport = {!r}\nbaudrate = {!r}\nbytesize = {!r}\nstopbits = {!r}\n".format(cf["common"]["port"],int(cf["common"]["baudrate"], 10),int(cf["level"]["bytesize"], 10),int(cf["level"]["stopbits"], 10)))

def openPort():
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      port = port,
      baudrate=int(cf["common"]["baudrate"], 10),
      bytesize=int(cf["level"]["bytesize"], 10),
      parity='N',
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      timeout=None,
      xonxoff=0,
      rtscts=0,
      writeTimeout=None,
      dsrdtr=None)
    return ret

def __parform(com):
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        com.write(bytes('27.', 'ascii'))
        print("")
        raise EOFError
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    com.write(bytes('{!r}.'.format(midi[0].pitch - 60), "ascii"))
    print('num:{0}\t{1}.\t{2}\t{3}'.format(midi[3],midi[0].pitch ,round(midi[1], 2), round(abs(midi[2]), 2)))
    time.sleep(round(midi[1], 2))
    com.write(bytes('27.', "ascii"))
    sp = round(abs(midi[2]), 2)
    time.sleep(sp if sp <= 3 else 3)
    com.flushOutput()
    com.flushInput()

def main():
    try:
        mdp.init(sys.argv[1])
    except IndexError:
        print("\n===============================================================\n", file=sys.stderr)
        print("~~ERROR~~:this program needs an argument as a path to midi file.", file=sys.stderr)
        return
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    except serial.SerialException:
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    print("\n===============================================================\n")
    while True:
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            __parform(com)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            i = input("Are you sure to wish abote performance? (y/n)>")
            if i == "y" or i == "Y":
                print("\n===============================================================\n", file=sys.stderr)
                print("~~INFO~~: PARFORMANCE ABOTED.", file=sys.stderr)
                com.write(bytes('27.', 'ascii'))
                com.close()
                return
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                continue
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                pass
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            return

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    try:
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    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("\n===============================================================\n", file=sys.stderr)
        print("~~ERROR~~:could not open {!r}, because it do not exist.".format(cf["common"]["port"]), file=sys.stderr)


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