Week two sees EAGL teams on the rise as league action syncs up. Pitt takes the top spot in the league rankings with an average of 194.750. In the RoadToNationals/WCGA rankings Pitt takes the all around lead at No. 28. In the vault Pitt is ranked No. 17, in beam George Washington is No. 29, in bars NC State is No. 26 and North Carolina is No. 7 in floor.
Pitt had their highest team score (194.750) for a season opener in a home meet featuring West Virginia, Utah State and Eastern Michigan. Olivia Miller claimed all around (leading to an EAGL Honor) and Brittany West won balance beam (9.800).
Newsworthy notes from around EAGL – NC State posted a team-high total and in three events against No. 15 Ohio State. North Carolina extended a streak of 49.000+ on floor to eight meets in the regular season. New Hampshire took the top three marks in vault and four of five highest scores on bars and floor against Iowa. George Washington had seven appearances on the podium including first place in beam, floor and all around. Towson freshman Emerson Hurst won beam in her collegiate debut in a tri-meet that included No. 20 Penn State.
Hear this week's episode of ACC Nation Podcast yet?
The Gymnast of the Week honors go to NC State's Drew Grantham. The junior posted the highest all around score in the league when NC State hosted No. 15 Ohio State. Grantham's 39.175 tied for second. She had three podium finishes which included a second place tie on beam (9.825) and a third place tie on floor (9.825). Grantham improved on three of her week one scores and tied her performance on bars. With her performance NC State posted their highest team score thus far this year (194.925).
The Specialist of the Week honors go to New Hampshire senior Erin Carroll. Posting a personal best on vault (9.90) against Southern Utah, Carroll delivered another top tier performance (9.825) against Iowa. Carroll had not scored as high as 9.825 since March of 2016 and exceeded that mark twice in one week.
The Rookie of the Week honors go to Pitt's Olivia Miller. The freshman earned an all around title (39.050) in her collegiate debut. In addition Miller had two podium finishes. She scored a team high on bars (9.800) earning second and placed fourth on beam (9.700).


text:
Q: what is the difference between required and @required in flutter. What is the difference between them and when do we need to use them? If I delete required from the named parameters, it gives me an error:

The parameter 'color' // can't have a value of 'null' because of its
type, but the implicit default value is 'null'.

What is the difference between them and when do we need to use them?
class RoundedButton extends StatelessWidget {
  late final Color color;
  final String title;
  final VoidCallback? onPressedInput;

  RoundedButton(
      {required this.color,
      required this.title,
      @required this.onPressedInput});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Padding(
      padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 16.0),
      child: Material(
        color: color,
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0),
        elevation: 5.0,
        child: MaterialButton(
          onPressed: onPressedInput,
          minWidth: 200.0,
          height: 42.0,
          child: Text(
            title,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

A: https://dart.dev/null-safety/faq#how-does-required-compare-to-the-new-required-keyword

The @required annotation marks named arguments that must be passed; if
not, the analyzer reports a hint.
With null safety, a named argument with a non-nullable type must
either have a default or be marked with the new required keyword.
Otherwise, it wouldn't make sense for it to be non-nullable, because
it would default to null when not passed.
When null safe code is called from legacy code the required keyword is
treated exactly like the @required annotation: failure to supply the
argument will cause an analyzer hint.
When null safe code is called from null safe code, failing to supply a
required argument is an error.
What does this mean for migration? Be careful if adding required where
there was no @required before. Any callers not passing the
newly-required argument will no longer compile. Instead, you could add
a default or make the argument type nullable.

A: @required is just an annotation that allows analyzers let you know that you're missing a named parameter and that's it. so you can still compile the application and possibly get an exception if this named param was not passed.
However sound null-safety was added to dart, and required is now a keyword that needs to be passed to a named parameter so that it doesn't let the compiler run if this parameter has not been passed. It makes your code more strict and safe.
If you truly think this variable can be null then you would change the type by adding a ? after it so that the required keyword is not needed, or you can add a default value to the parameter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Euricette
Japanese Novel Translations
Someday Will I Be The Greatest Alchemist?
The Elf is a Freeloader
The Elf is a Freeloader Chapter 9
March 6, 2018 January 31, 2018 by Sphyrism
Chapter Nine: Is Sleeping Alone Scary?
Nisshin City, Aichi Prefecture.
Total population is approximately 80,000; Households are approximately 32,000.
Adjacent to it are Nagoya City at the west, and Toyota City at the east.
It's area is approximately 34 square kilometers. A naturally abundant town formed by hilly land that's 50 to 160 meters above sea level, and Nisshin City Hall at it's center, elevated at 37 meters.
It's famous for the 「Battle of Iwasaki Castle」 where Tokugawa and Toyotomi had a deciding battle which greatly impacted the 「Battle of Komaki and Nagakute」 in Tensho 12 (1584) during the Warring States period. In Meiji 22 (1889), 14 villages were consolidated by the Municipal System, and 3 villages, 「Kaguyama Village」「Hakusan Village」 and 「Iwasaki Village」, were born. After 39 years, these three villages were merged into 「Nisshin Village」, and the current city limits were formed.[1]
Furthermore, it became 「Nisshin Town」 by the enforcement of the town administration in Showa 33 (1958) and since it was adjacent to the large city, Nagoya, in around 40 years, housing developments progressed rapidly, universities and vocational schools were aplenty, the residential town had a comfortable environment, and at present, continues to develop as a university town.
It was a relatively new town where the population exceeded 50,000 in the 1990 census, and on the 1st of October 1994, by the enforcement of the Municipal System, it became 「Nisshin City」.
The current mayor of Nisshin City, Hagino Kouichi, is a veteran who's been mayor for 3 consecutive terms despite his young age at 48 years old.
The future of Nisshin city is Mayor Hagino's daily worry.
✧
「Something…… Isn't there anything? A material that we could expect would raise the economy and boost the name of our Nisshin City on a national scale.」
With a height of 183cm and weighing 70kg, he is a middle-aged man with a slender physique and exceedingly well-featured who is very popular with the housewives of the public.
Neatly styled dark brown hair. Black eyes that give the impression of a no-nonsense intellectual. Born in a distinguished family related to the ancient Owari Clan[2], he is locally known for being wealthy.
Mayor Hagino is in one of the conference rooms of Nisshin City Hall, and is discussing the future of Nisshin City with the council members.
「Even with that said…… There is nothing famous worth mentioning in our town.」
「And yet the adjacent cities Nagoya and Toyota, are known nationwide……」
If you are Japanese, you might have heard of the towns 「Nagoya」 and 「Toyota」 at least once.
Nagoya City is one of the largest cities in the country. It is the historic town of the ancient Owari Clan which was counted as one of the Tokugawa Gosanke.
Toyota City is the town where the headquarters of 「Toyota」, the world-famous automobile manufacturer that Japan is proud of, is located.
This meant that those who have not heard of Nagoya and Toyota are few and far in between.
However, aside from it's people, very few people know that Nagoya and Toyota belong to the 「Aichi Prefecture」.
「Taking advantage of the yurukyara[3] craze did not raise the popularity very much either.」
One of the council members in the conference room grumbled.
There has been a 「Yurukyara」 boom recently, but even though Nisshin City invented it's own unique yurikyara, it didn't popularize as much as expected.
The yurukyara 「Nisshiー」 , the personification of the dragon that lives upstream of the Tenpaku river that flows through Nisshin City , did not garner as much revenue as the armor-wearing cat and the red bear with black cheeks did.
「Can't something from somewhere suddenly appear? An existence that would be famous instantly and become the saviour of our Nisshin City…… But, if something really were to appear, a cute girl would be nice. That would be received well in various ways.」
While saying that, Mayor Hagino gazed at the townscape of Nisshin City that spread outside the window of the conference room.
This was an exchange that happened a day before a visitor from a different dimension drifted into Nisshin City.
Takashi and Aoi left Yasutaka's house at the evening of the next day, Sunday.
Tomorrow is Monday, and they, as students, naturally have school.
If this was during a long break such as summer vacation, they would have stayed over at Yasutaka's house for 2 or 3 days more.
After Aoi and Takashi went back home, Yasutaka decided that he would do some light cleaning before preparing for dinner.
The four partied for more than a day so the living room had various pieces of trash strewn about.
When Yasutaka took the vacuum cleaner from the storage space under the stairs and brought it back to the living room, Eru immediately approached him with an immensely curious gaze.
「Yasutaka-san! That's another home appliance, isn't it!?」
It seems she likes the home appliances of this world a lot.
The other world had things such as magic items.
Eru has always had a keen interest in magic items, and the reason she became an adventurer was so she could come in contact with and acquire various magic items.
For Eru, this was a dreamlike world filled with magic items.
「Please give me a moment. I will guess what kind of appliance this is…… You can't say it.」
Eru stared at the vacuum cleaner intently. While watching her, Yasutaka thought of a reason for what Eru said.
If there were people from the Edo period in this era, they would find most of the electric appliances to be mysterious and incomprehensible.
In Eru's case, there isn't much difference between magic items and electric appliances. Then, the only difference is whether it is electricity or magic power that would be consumed.
「I've got it! I believe this is most likely something close to a 『Water Spirit's vessel』[4]!」
「『Water Spirit's vessel』 ?」」
「Yes. When the section that intakes water is left submerged at water source[5], it becomes a magic tool that supplies water infinitely. That is to say, this is a structure that has already been submerged at some water source so the water has been accumulated in this thick section, and then would flow out through this elongated portion, is it not?」
Eru says this while tilting the vacuum nozzle downwards.
「Are? Water isn't coming out……」
While peeking into the nozzle, Eru tilted her head in wonder.
Finding Eru charming, Yasutaka pulled the electric cord from the vacuum and plugged it into the outlet.
「Water has nothing to do with this. In the first place, Eru, what did you think I was going to use the water for?」
「Because you said you will clean, I thought that you would surely mop hence the need for water…… ah, c, come to think of it, didn't this room already has a magic item called water supply……」
The living room of the Akatsuka house is opposite of the kitchen, so naturally there is a water supply. Therefore, expressly bringing water into the living room is not necessary.
「I believe there are very few places in Japanese households where you can mop though? This is a vacuum cleaner. You use it like this.」
Yasutaka switched on the vacuum cleaner. The moment the noise of the vacuum cleaner started, Eru, who was close by, jumped in surprise from the sound.
「Wh, what is that!? Such a dreadful noise all of a sudden……!?」
Even while in shock, Eru's eyes never left the vacuum cleaner. That's right, as she herself had declared, she certainly has an extreme fondness for magic items.
「This guy's motor rotates the fan so trash and dust sucked in.」
Yasutaka operated the vacuum cleaner, and showed trash that fell on the floor being sucked in.
「O, oooh. I see! It wasn't a water magic item but rather a wind magic item!」
(Well, what Eru said was not necessarily wrong. That's because it was certainly the power if wind that the vacuum uses to suck the trash and dust.)
Towards Eru who was still very interested in the vacuum cleaner, Yasutaka had a wry smile and asked her,
「If you don't mind, can I ask you to clean the living room? I'll prepare dinner while Eru cleans.」
「Eh? Is it alright to use this magic item… i mean, this appliance?」
Eru had a gleeful expression upon receiving the vacuum and was cleaning the floor of the living room just like Yasutaka taught.
As for Yasutaka, he began preparing for dinner while pleasantly watching over Eru.
Having finished dinner, Yasutaka and Eru took baths one after the other.
The two sat on the sofa in the living room, cooling down by drinking cold tea while enjoying a talk about Eru's life in the other world.
Needless to say, having never seen cold tea before, Eru was surprised when it was brought out.
Although Yasutaka avoided fantasy till now, he grew interested in it while listening to the stories of Eru who actually came from another world.
It's the same when, for instance, one hear stories about a foreign country and grow interested, one would want to visit and see it.
Moreover, the topics Eru speaks of are at a level where the worlds are different. Many things Yasutaka could not have imagined were common in Eru's stories.
An especially surprising story was one where fish were flying in the sky. It's utterly inconceivable in this world's ecosystem. That is, without a doubt, fantasy.
Occasionally, stories about the childhood friends would be mixed in and they were having an enjoyable time. And in doing so, midnight had passed unnoticed.
「Oh man, it's already this late. I've got school tomorrow so we should sleep soon.」
「Since the room is bright, it's quite easy to forget that it is night at the moment, isn't it.」
The two got up from the sofa and left the living room together.
The light in the hallway was turned on and the living room, off. Yasutaka's bedroom is on the second floor and beside it is his older sister's former room which Eru would use.
Yasutaka's older sister married and left the house about a year ago. She now lives in a prefecture far away, only coming home for Obon[6] and New Years.
Speaking of which, when Takashi and Aoi stayed over last night, Aoi and Eru slept in his older sister's room while Takashi and Yasutaka stayed in his room. It had long been established where they would stay, the boys in one, Aoi in the other.
「Well then, good night.」
「Good night to you, too.」
The two exchanged greetings in front of their rooms.
Eru waved her hand and entered her room, and Yasutaka, after confirming this, turned off the light in the hallway and entered his own.
It didn't take long for him to fall asleep after entering his bed.
Though, for some reason or another, Yasutaka woke up so he verified the time on the alarm clock beside his bed.
The digital display of the clock showed that it was a little past 3 o'clock. Two hours had passed since he fell asleep.
(There's still plenty of time before I have to wake up at 6 o'clock, I'll sleep for 3 more hours.)
Having thought so, Yasutaka turned in bed and was about to close his eyes again when…
He vaguely perceived some sort of presence in his room.
Half asleep, he surveyed the inside of the room. With light from a slightly distanced street light streaming through the window, he could see inside of the room to a certain extent.
And then, Yasutaka's eyes caught a thing crouching in a corner of the room.
「──────────!!」
Yasutaka screamed soundlessly. All traces of his drowsiness was blown away in an instant.
The thing that was crouching noticed that Yasutaka had woken up, it's body shook and quivered as it approached Yasutaka.
As if to instill more fear into Yasutaka, it crawled ever so slowly towards the bed. and upon closing in, it immediately leapt onto Yasutaka.
Partway through, as if were shedding, a petite figure emerged from within it.
「…………Yasutaka-san……」
「Eh…… Eru……?」
Her slender body was trembling and her feeble voice had a tinge of depression. Even though it was dim, her off-gold hair[7] glistened.
Understanding that it was Eru who leapt at him, Yasutaka let slip a sigh of relief.
「W, why are you in my room?」
「………Th, that is…… Being alone in a dark room made me remember of that incident…… A, and then I was immediately frightened.」
What Eru was talking about was undoubtedly that. The incident where her comrades were massacred.
Since being teleported to another world all of a sudden till yesterday, being with Yasutaka, Aoi and Takashi and having fun made her forget it temporarily. However, it seemed that when she was by herself on a quiet night, she had flashbacks of the horror of that time.
「……And so you came to my room covered in the comforter on…… It would have been better if you woke me up though.」
Being gently admonished like a child by Yasutaka, Eru who buried herself in his chest, finally raised her head.
In the dim light, Yasutaka could see Eru's tearstained cheeks.
「That's……because I would feel bad waking up a sleeping Yasutaka-san…… Also, you mentioned that you had to go somewhere early tomorrow……」
「How stupid.」
Yasutaka smiled as he pat Eru's head. The feel of her fine supple hair on his palm was pleasant.
「If it got out that I neglected a crying Eru, Aoi would get mad at me.」
As Eru was looking up at Yasutaka, a smile slowly surfaced on her face.
「It's okay, you're with me so you can sleep with ease.」
「………… Okay.」
Eru changed her position as she clung to Yasutaka, and then closed her eyes when she was satisfied.
Before long, her breathing grew tranquil. Confirming that she was asleep, Yasutaka breathed a large sigh.
「…………There's no way I can sleep like this…………」
Yasutaka was currently sitting upright on the bed. His posture was just right for giving a lap pillow to Eru who was now sleeping peacefully.
The softness of her body could be felt through their pajamas, and a sweet fragrance wafted from her pajamas, hair and skin.
And above all, the fact that Yasutaka was alone with a girl of the similar age in the dark had taken all of his sleepiness away.
Previous | TOC | Next
Explanations would take too long. If you want more information on this, please use google-sensei. Wikipedia articles are in English.[↩]
The Owari Clan・Owari House of Tokugawa ( 尾張徳川家 ) is one of the three honorable houses of the Tokugawa, known as the Gosanke which was formed after the war to unify Japan.[↩]
Yuru-kyara is the japanese term for a category of mascot characters. They are usually created for promoting regions, events, businesses. I'm not well versed in this so I apologize if I missed any references.[↩]
『水霊 (read すいれい) の水瓶』[↩]
水源・Suigen – The water source that she meant here is like the start of a river.[↩]
Obon is a 3 day holiday to honor of the spirits of ancestors. Families would usually have reunions and visit their ancestral graves.[↩]
I mistranslated this in a previous chapter. Her hair is "オフゴールド"・"Off-gold", not pale gold. Sorry.[↩]
Author's Note:
『Elf-san』 update.
I previously abbreviated this work as 『Freeloader Elf』 but it sounded bad somehow so I revised it to 『Elf-san』(lol)
I think I will go with 『Elf-san』 from now on.
Now, this is a new volume. Even if it's unavoidable for Elf-san to always gets surprised by the other world, she has to adapt little by little.
Well then, I look forward to your continued support.
※ I used the NIsshin City homepage as reference for the description of Nisshin City (in the story).
Translator's Note:
Hello! I'm back. Thanks for reading! It's the start of volume 2~
Sorry this was later than I thought I could finish, aside from my schedule and unlike the other novel which was way shorter, this was a bit of a tough start for me, the history part was utter torture. I did my research but please do tell me if I've made a mistake. It was quite funny when I found the site the author used as reference before I read his note though (lol). Also, I did my best to try add suspense to the horror-ish part, sorry if it didn't work well. Anywho, I think I'll be back to releasing weekly, I'll see you all next chapter~
Categories The Elf is a Freeloader Post navigation
Stepmother Chapter 26
12 thoughts on "The Elf is a Freeloader Chapter 9"
MHENNI Samy
thank you 
JIHADJOE
thank you ?
GM_Rusaku (@ narou-tl.com)
. ∧_∧
━⊂(・ω・`)
======== Thanks!!
/※※※※ゞノ,_)Nepu!!!
⌒~⌒~⌒~⌒~⌒
. ∧_∧
━⊂(・ω・`)
======== \Thanks!!
/※※※※ゞノ,_)Nepu!!!
Zacky
Ohhh, so cute. I will look forward what will happen to our beloved Eru. Thanks for the translation and keep up the good work.
rooislangwtf
February 4, 2018 at 11:52 pm	 | Reply
Moist Moose
> His posture was just right for giving a lap pillow to Eru who was now sleeping peacefully.
What about his boner? I'm not sure if being poked in the face with a meat stick can be called "peaceful"…
What's up?	Cancel reply
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Organizations: Tourism, Culture and Sport and Has Resources (data): True and Update Frequency: monthly and Access Level: open
Culture and Recreation (6)
Economy and Business (6)
Filtered on Heritage, Sport, To... (6)
Ontario.ca Terms of... (6)
Filtered on Open (6)
Filtered on Monthly (6)
Ontario tourism components of Consumer Price Index by month from the year 2000 to present.
Hotel statistics
Data includes occupancy rates, average daily rates, and revenue per available room by province and Ontario regions by month. Data 2001 to present.
Tourism-related employment
Number of jobs in Ontario in tourism related industries. Data by industry by month from 2001 to present.
Number of visitors at international border crossings
Inbound and outbound border crossings by province, length of stay, and month. Data from 1972 to present.
Consumer Inquiries
Number of calls to 1-800-ONTARIO, number of user sessions on www.ontariotravel.net, and number of visitors at Ontario Travel Information Centres are reported by the Ontario...
Attendance at Government Agencies
Attendance at government agencies is compiled by the individual agencies and reported to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport on a monthly basis. Data from 2005 to...


text:
James Bowden's Blog
A blog (primarily) on Canadian and Commonwealth political history and institutions
1. James Bowden & Parliamentum
2. My Published Works (2011-Present)
3. Where My Work Has Been Cited (2011-Present)
4. Awards and Certificates (2001-Present)
Crowns & Parliaments
Primary Sources on Succession to the Crown
Manual of Official Procedure of the Government of Canada
← Taking Stock of 2018: Recent and Upcoming Publications
More Tidbits On Indirect Amendment and Dissolution by Efflux of Time →
Dissolution By Demise of the Crown
Posted on 2019/01/31 by J.W.J. Bowden
Last year, the Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law published my piece "When the Bell Tolls for Parliament: Dissolution by Efflux of Time," in which I highlighted a little-known means by which Parliament can dissolve automatically when it reaches its maximum lifespan – without any intervention whatever from the Crown. This is dissolution by efflux of time. The Fixed-Term Parliaments Act, 2011 had now made dissolution by efflux of time the norm and has put into abeyance the prerogative authority over dissolution.
In his famous treatise Commentaries on the Laws of England, Blackstone identified that dissolution can occur through one of three ways:
"1. By the king's will […];
2. By a demise of the crown […];
3.By length of time.[1]"
"By length of time" corresponds to dissolution by efflux of time. Dissolution "by a demise of the crown" meant that a sitting Parliament used to dissolve automatically upon the death of the reigning Sovereign who had originally issued its writs of election and summoned it. I devoted only a few paragraphs to the subject because I thought that dissolution by demise of the Crown could no longer possibly happen. But recently Gaston Deschenes, an historian from Quebec, has written in "…Long Live Our Noble Queen … (air connu)" how an error or quirk of legislative drafting from 1982 might have rendered Quebec's legislature vulnerable to a revivified automatic dissolution by demise of the Crown. Patrick Taillon alerted me to the post on a French-language Facebookgroup "Revue de l'actualite constitutionnelle", where I offered some thoughts in my second language. (I'm grateful that Patrick invited me to the group, and I respect that its vehicular language is French. That said, some of the more left-wing Quebec nationalists on the forum are probably less happy that Patrick invited me to it!)
Deschenes had raised a very interesting question of dissolution by demise of the Crown, and it deserves a more thorough examination in my mother tongue than what little I could muster on the other forum.
The History and Rationale of Dissolution by Demise of the Crown
Generally, Deschenes provides an accurate statement of the facts on how dissolution by demise of the Crown worked and happened until the mid-19th century, though I don't share his vision of Dem Quebecker Volk and Die Volksrepublik Quebec and the commentary which flows from that nationalism.
Until the Tudor period, English parliaments typically lasted, at most, one year, and "parliament" did not sit permanently and regularly as they do today. Instead, the Sovereign summoned "a parliament" only when necessary. Parliament's transition from count noun to a mass noun reflected its growing importance. Not until Thomas Cromwell and the Henrician Reformation of the 1530s did the civil service emerge as a separate entity from the king's household and parliament emerge as a policy-making body beyond obtaining supplies.[2] Henceforth, parliament would play a regular, ongoing, and active role in the modern State as opposed to its sporadic and ad hoc function in the medieval State. In the Middle Ages, a parliament could dissolve automatically upon the demise of the Crown without causing disruption to the Realm. If anything, this principle gave the new Sovereign more room to manoeuvre and pursue his own aims.
Parliament started to emerge as the permanent institution that we know today after the Glorious Revolution of 1689 and the Triennial Act of 1694. Blackstone's second method comes into play at this stage. Parliament modified the medieval, common-law custom of automatic dissolution "by a demise of the Crown" through the Succession to the Crown Act, 1707, which instead allowed the parliament to continue for up to six months after a demise of the Crown. Finally, the Westminster Parliament abolished this principle altogether through the Representation of the People Act, 1867 so that a parliament would continue irrespective of a demise of the Crown. Similarly, the United Province of Canada abolished the principle of automatic dissolution upon the demise of the Crown in 1843, and the Dominion of Canada re-affirmed its abolition in new legislation in 1867.[3]
The statutory elimination of what Blackstone lists as the second method of dissolution fits a general legislative pattern over the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries whereby the Westminster Parliament has passed statutes which modify common law principles so that overall English and British law reconciles with the fact that the Crown is a corporation sole, which Blackstone also pointed out in this treatise.[4] Laws like the Succession to the Crown Act, 1707 and the various Crown Estates Acts therefore replaced the Sovereign's personal capacity with the Sovereign's legal capacity as the default authority of State functions. In other words, the Sovereign now summons parliaments in his or her perpetual legal capacity, which transfers intact to his or her successor upon a demise of the Crown, and no longer in his or her mortal personal capacity. In contrast, the Sovereign owns certain properties like Sandringham and Balmoral in his or her natural capacity, so they do not automatically transfer to the Sovereign's heirs and successor's upon a demise of the Crown, but instead in accordance with standard laws on wills and inheritance of property.
Incidentally, all this means that Deschenes is correct that the parliamentarians' oath of allegiance has historically signified loyalty to the reigning King or Queen in his or her natural capacity instead of the Crown in its corporate capacity. This is why the parliamentarians' oath of allegiance does not include the line about "her heirs and successors", as other oaths of allegiance, such as those prescribed for naturalized Canadian citizens in the Citizenship Act do. In theory, the parliamentarians' oath of allegiance in Canada should have changed in the 19th century from being an oath to the Sovereign's natural capacity to the Sovereign's corporate capacity when the Province of Canada abolished dissolution by demise of the Crown in 1843 – but as so often happens in our evolutionary political tradition, small inconsistencies crop up over time, and by oversight rather than by design.
Deschenes concludes that Quebec's legislature might have inadvertently subjected itself to automatic dissolution by demise of the Crown through bad legislative drafting in 1982, when the current National Assembly Act entered into force:
Mais il y a « pire ». Jusqu'en 1982, l'article 3 de la Loi de la Législature prévoyait ceci: « Aucune législature de la province n'est dissoute par le décès du souverain; mais elle continue, et peut se réunir, s'assembler et siéger, procéder et agir de la même manière que si ce décès n'avait pas eu lieu ». Or, quand cette loi a été remplacée par la Loi de l'Assemblée nationale en 1982, cette disposition n'a pas été conservée. Le Parlement serait donc dissous si la reine meurt pendant la législature actuelle (ou la suivante), comme c'était le cas avant 1830?
Deschenes points out that the former Legislature Act used to contain a provision inherited from Lower Canada and the Province of Canada which replaced the old custom at Common Law that the death of the reigning Sovereign and demise of the Crown automatically effected the dissolution of the legislature summoned in that deceased monarch's name but that the new National Assembly Act does not include this or similar wording. Deschenes therefore posits that by repealing and not replacing this provision from the old Legislature Act, the National Assembly Act has inadvertently revived the old custom, which means that Quebec's legislature would automatically dissolve upon the next demise of the Crown.
In principle, Deschenes could make a viable argument that repealing but not replacing that provision has revived the old custom. However, in this particular case, another provision of the National Assembly Act would still preclude the revival of dissolution by demise of the Crown. Julien Fournier pointed out in the aforementioned Facebookgroup that section 6 of the National Assembly Act states pointedly and unambiguously that "Seul le lieutenant-gouverneur peut dissoudre l'Assemblée nationale avant l'expiration d'une législature.[5]" In other words, the Legislature of Quebec can only be dissolved in two ways: automatically by efflux of time, or if the Lieutenant Governor dissolves it earlier on the advice of the Premier. (I go into more detail into dissolution by efflux of time in Quebec in pages 79 to 81 of my thesis as well).
However, I think that the Legislature of Quebec should have retained the old wording as well: "Aucune législature de la province n'est dissoute par le décès du souverain […]," if only out of deference to historical precedent and to remove any doubt. More fundamentally, it should never have re-named its operative statute from "Legislature Act" to "National Assembly Act" because those titles refer to two different things. The Legislature of Quebec (its provincial Crown-in-Parliament) consists of the Lieutenant Governor and the National Assembly – and it used to consist of its Legislative Council as well from 1867 to 1968. The so-called "National Assembly Act" is, in reality, a Legislature Act because it covers topics which pertain to the entire provincial legislature and not the National Assembly alone. That is why the statute also mentions the Lieutenant Governor out of necessity, like in section 6. This Great Renaming from 1982 represents the anti-monarchist, secessionist Parti quebecois' impulse to gloss over the Crown and mask the fact that provincial executive authority flows from the Crown of Canada in Right of Quebec, thereby giving the illusion that Quebec has already become an independent republic, the general will of which flows from the National Assembly alone. That this happened in 1982 also seems like a poor consolidation prize and an act of petulant defiance against the result of the Referendum of 1980, in which Premier Levesque's proposal for secession (veiled in deliberately mendacious, dissembling verbiage though it was) went down in a massive defeat.
It would be very ironic if this act of defiance against the Crown ended up reviving an old and inconvenient custom of automatic dissolution by demise of the Crown, but I do not think that it has.
Dissolution by Efflux of Time
[1] Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England in Four Books. Notes selected from the editions of Archibold, Christian, Coleridge, Chitty, Stewart, Kerr, and others, Barron Field's Analysis, and Additional Notes, and a Life of the Author by George Sharswood. In Two Volumes, Volume 1, Books I & II, edited by George Sharswood (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1893) at 187.
[2] Geoffrey Elton, The Tudor Revolution in Government: Administrative Changes in the Reign of Henry VII (Cambridge University Press, 1953).
[3] Audrey O'Brien and Marc Bosc, House of Commons Procedure and Practice, 2nd Ed. (Ottawa: House of Commons and Editions Yvon Blais, 2009) at 386.
[5] Quebec, La loi sur l'assemblée national, chapitre A-23.1.
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About J.W.J. Bowden
My area of academic expertise lies in Canadian political institutions, especially the Crown, political executive, and conventions of Responsible Government; since 2011, I have made a valuable contribution to the scholarship by having been published and cited extensively in my field. I'm also a contributing editor to the Dorchester Review and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law.
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9 Responses to Dissolution By Demise of the Crown
Sandra Miller says:
Hello Mr. Bowden,
A few weeks ago, I emailed your site, regarding clarity of the 60 year period whereby Queen Victoria repealed the Heir Succession, a mere 23 years after the 1867 BNA Constitution.
I have been unable to find documentation / legislation as to why this occurred and then approximately 60 years pass without any Monarch – as you proffer Commonwealth expertise, I ask of you.
If you are unfamiliar, would you be so kind as to redirect me?
Thank you, Sandra Miller
On Thu, Jan 31, 2019 at 2:44 PM James Bowden's Blog wrote:
> James W.J. Bowden posted: " Introduction Last year, the Journal of > Parliamentary and Political Law published my piece "When the Bell Tolls for > Parliament: Dissolution by Efflux of Time," in which I highlighted a > little-known means by which Parliament can dissolve automatical" >
Would like to speak with you about status.
Seems you've omitted the 1867 Representation of the People's Act which Parliament continues irrespective of the Crown's demise,
This updates 1707 Succession of the Crown Act, which allowed Parliament to continue for up to 6 months after the Crown's demise.
There is no reference or constitutional direction as to WHO the oath is to, since there is no Monarch or Crown, only that Parliament continues.
Some are stating this means the end of the Westminster Style Parliament and ends the 1867 BNA on the death of Queen Victoria in 1901 due to 1893 Statute Revision's Act, Section 2 in which Heir Succession is repealed. Why was it ignored until 1956 Canadian act of Royal Styles Act conferred Queen of Canada to Elizabeth II?
Would you please explain this and cite legislation rule of law.
(Odd your January 2019 reply was not there when I wrote my early September email to you, nor notice you had replied) I'll photo this for reference.
marie.maude,tremblay@gmail.com says:
Mr. Bowden,
The man is an historian, not a lawyer. If you read carefully he doesn't pretend anything. He doesn't affirm anything nor does he posit anything. He just raises the question. Indeed there is a question mark at the end of his conclusion. He therefore turns to the legal community for their opinion. So it doesn't serve you to categorise him. Also, be ware that Quėbec doesn't have a Legislature anymore, but a Parliament… section 3.
Marie-Maude
James W.J. Bowden says:
This comment really made me laugh. I love how I literally said in the second paragraph "Gaston Deschenes, an historian from Quebec[…]", and then you say that I'm treating Deschenes like a lawyer instead of like an historian. I don't know what to make of that.
I actually got into a similar discussion with Gaston himself on the French-language Facebook group, and he seems to share your confusion about the whole question mark business. Yes, I saw that Gaston ended his blogpost with a question and question mark — and as you should likewise presumably be able to see here, I *answered his question* in the form of my blogpost.
I thought that Gaston asked a good question. He raised some good points and made a good argument about the history of the parliamentarians' oath of allegiance to the Sovereign and how it has historically referred to the Sovereign's personal capacity and not to the Sovereign's corporate capacity.
Frankly, I suspect that you became distracted by my use of German-language terminology to mock Quebec nationalism (perhaps the question of Quebec nationalism is dear to you, and you were offended), and that you therefore missed the main point of my blogpost.
Reblogged this on Utopia – you are standing in it!.
unclebobexplains says:
Glad to see your thorough post. If The GG died in Feb of 1940 and new one was installed that June, who "Approved" Order in Council PC 1940-1121 on March 28, 1940 (effective March 25/40) that made the Clerk (by est a dual role as Secty to Cabinet) not-solely accountable to the GG. How can any one person be part of the Executive AND the Legislative Order. Surely no parliamentarian would approve it.
Juanita (@HRHJuanita) says:
Dissolution upon demise of the Crown makes sense conceptually when it comes to the Parliaments at Westminster and Ottawa, for the Sovereign is a constituent part of each. Yet provincial Legislatures have never depended on the Sovereign for their existence. Although Lieutenants Governors are held to represent the Sovereign, they possessing constitutional powers in their own right (the Sovereign does not exercise any powers in respect of a province). So it seems that any provision guarding against dissolution of provincial Legislatures upon a demise of the Crown would be of no practical effect.
However, even if the old Legislature of Québec had been subject to dissolution upon a demise of the Crown, would this curious usage have revived upon the creation of the National Assembly, that is to say a novel institution brought to life with the benefit of a modern legal landscape (as opposed to that of 1867)?
You raise good points here, John. From a purely logical standpoint, I think that your argument should be correct. I hadn't thought of that before, but the fact that the Legislature of the Province of Canada, and the Legislatures of Upper Canada and Lower Canada before it, all rested on a statutory basis really *should have* precluded dissolution by demise of the Crown. As well, as you say, the Crown-in-Parliament in British North America also seems to have hinged upon Governor-Council-Assembly prior to section 17 of the British North America Act, 1867, which should have offered them protection against this Common Law custom of automatic dissolution by demise of the Crown.
All I can say is that, in practice, British North American parliamentarians in the 19th century believed that the custom at Common Law applied to their colonial legislatures as well — otherwise the Legislature of the Province of Canada would not have passed legislation banning dissolution by demise of the Crown in 1843.
I think that you've stumbled upon yet another example of how Canada's evolutionary political culture misses out on a lot of important details sometimes, and that we tend to correct these retroactively rather than proactively designing ways of avoiding them.
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text:
Q: How to test accuracy from images that were not in the dataset I am using train_test_split to train and test my data this is an interesting concept to divide the data into training and test, but what if I want to load some data that wasn't in the test data?
My problem is that train_test_split treats data randonly, i'd like to see what label an outside image belongs to.
Currently, I'm extracting 22 features from images and using those features to train linear SVC for recognition, now according to train_test_split I get 94% on the test set, which is alright, what I want to do is simply test it on an image that wasn't in the dataset. train_test_split receives data from a previously loaded dataset for training and testing, but I would like to load the image and test them directly.
Reproducible example: (3 images with 10 features)
import sklearn
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn import metrics

y_target = [1]*1 + [2]*1 + [3]*1 # number of images per person
data = np.asarray([[152., 236., 228., 168., 236., 224.,  70., 223., 175., 195.],
       [140., 233., 226., 161., 234., 220.,  67., 220., 159., 194.],
       [135., 233., 225., 157., 234., 221.,  65., 220., 159., 193.]])

svc_ = SVC(kernel='linear', C=0.00005)

A_train, A_test, b_train, b_test = train_test_split(
        data, y_target, test_size=0.25, random_state=0)

def train(clf, A_train, A_test, b_train, b_test):

    clf.fit(A_train, b_train)
    print ("Accuracy on training set:")
    print (clf.score(A_train, b_train))

train(svc_, A_train, A_test, b_train, b_test)

For instance, how would I test the following image's features?
([[126., 232., 225., 149., 231., 222.,  60., 218., 152., 191.]])

So, what i am doing is selecting a specific image, editing it a bit then i'd like to see how my classifier does in the testing for this image that was edited, that wasnt trained and it wasnt in the dataset, for instance if i picked an image from the internet, how would i test it??

A: If you know how to get the features you are interested in from your images, simply load the image, gather the features, then predict and test against the correct values. For example
y_test = [[1], [2], [3]]
images = # fill in however you are getting your images into memory here
clf.score(images, y_test)

# or get the predictions by hand and do your own metric
predictions = clf.predict(images)
mse = np.mean(np.square(y_test - predictions))

You should have already trained your classifier before doing this.


text:
'Goonies' Sequel Is Happening Because Goonies Never Say Die
Britt Hayes
Britt Hayes Published: April 7, 2014
If Hollywood can count on anything, it's nostalgia, which is why it shouldn't be a surprise that there's a 'Goonies' sequel on the way -- yes, even 28 years later. Director Richard Donner is planning to reunite the original cast for a sequel to the cult classic film because Goonies never say die and all that.
According to Variety, Donner told TMZ that he's working on getting the old 'Goonies' gang back together for a sequel. When asked if he was going to make another comic book movie anytime soon, Donner replied, "If you call 'Goonies' a comic book. We're doing a sequel."
The original film starred Josh Brolin, Corey Feldman, Sean Astin, Jeff Cohen, and Martha Plimpton and told the story of a group of kids who, while trying to save their homes from being demolished, discover a treasure map and go on a wild adventure to find the long-lost loot belonging to a pirate named One-Eyed Willie.
Star Sean Astin was previously asked about a sequel last year, and told IGN "I'm 1000 percent certain there will be a sequel. I will bet my children on it." It seems he was right. But there's no word as of yet if the original stars will merely make cameo appearances or if they'll be going on a whole new adventure as adults.
What do you guys think? Are you ready for another 'Goonies' adventure?
Source: 'Goonies' Sequel Is Happening Because Goonies Never Say Die
Filed Under: goonies, sequel
Categories: Movie News


Every month you probably find a booklet attached to your door. Inside are seemingly hundreds of restaurants menus, waiting for you to call. While this seems like it should be a very difficult task, it can be quite simple and extremely rewarding. If you speak some Korean, this will be easier, but even if you can only say and understand a limited amount you will hopefully find that it can be done. Pizza is probably the easiest to order, but once you get the hang of it, you will find there isn't anything you can't order.
Variations to the basic formula can happen, but for the most part, if you still to the following dialogue you should be able to have piping hot food delivered, with no delivery charge!!
They will say something when they answer.
Reply : "Weigh-gook-een Em-Nee-Da." This means "I am a foreigner." Sometimes this will elicit English, but most of the time, you will just get a pause.
Continue: "(food you would like) Chew-Say-Oh." If you are ordering one of something, this should be enough. With pizza, for example, you can add "Large-e," and/or "han-gay" (one) "Do-gay" two, etc.
Next they will need your address. This may be the hardest part at first. If you don't know your address, ask your boss, or head co-teacher. Have them write it out for you, numbers included. They use the ill, ee, sam, sa, etc. Numbers for addresses, NOT hana, duel, set, net.
First say your dong, then the numbers that correspond to your building, or your building's name, then your floor, then your room number.
"Kahm-Sahm-Nee-Da?" with a question in your voice and wait to say if they sound confused or hang up. Normally, that is all you have to do.
Some Western chains, like McDonalds, might ask you to call back for a person who speaks English. The wonderful thing is that a lot of places have caller ID, so once you have called once, you will not have to go through the pain of saying your address again. Instead, they will say it and you can confirm "Nay" (Yes).
If you order from a place that gives you real dishes, there is one added step. After you finish eating, stack up your dishes and place them ourside your door. They will be by later in the day to pick them up.
While this looks like a lot of work, the payoff on those lazy Saturday mornings, or cold weekday nights will be worth it.


Besides their undiscussed role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also key effector cells capable of assisting and modulating inflammatory reactions and immune responses. Platelets play a sentinel role in immune surveillance by recognizing danger signals from pathogens and cell damage through the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on its surface and internal compartments. Platelets express all 10 TLRs transcripts and its signalosome, including adaptor proteins and transcription factors. The activation of these receptors in platelets triggers hemostatic and inflammatory responses which participate in the host's response to bacterial and viral infections, linking thrombosis with infection and immunity. Among the responses elicited by the activation of platelet TLRs are platelet adhesion and aggregation, formation of mixed platelet-leukocyte aggregates, expression and secretion of cytokines and quemokines, and thrombin generation. TLRs also are expressed in megakaryocytes, and their activation regulates not only platelet biogenesis, but also pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses. This review will focus on work that has shown the role of platelet TLRs, mainly in thromboinflammatory responses elicited by platelets and megakaryocytes.


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The HR generalist performs human resources-related duties at the professional level and carries out responsibilities in the following functional areas: employee relations, training, employment, labor relations, affirmative action and employment equity programs. The ideal candidate will be a highly motivated individual with excellent communication and interpersonal skills. A successful HR Generalist will be a nimble learner with the ability to apply strong problem-solving and sound judgement skills.
Consults with leaders, providing guidance and coaching that enables effective performance management conversations. Partners with leaders to execute corrective action processes.
Partners with leaders to evaluate and address workforce planning needs. Develops an understanding of the current business landscape, future business strategies, and annual budgets to provide guidance on personnel changes. Assist in the creation of job specifications.
Executes annual talent management processes. Consults with leaders to ensure annual performance management practices are effective and completed in a timely manner.
Communicates and interprets Company policies and procedures to leadership. Serves as the primary source of information pertaining to Company policy and HR procedures. Seeks assistance from the HR Manager when responding to non-routine inquiries.
Produce ad hoc reports and present results on HR metrics.
Demonstrated ability to collaborate and build strong, trusting relationships across the organization and divisions.
Ability to use research methods effectively, including data collection, diagnostic, and analytical skills.
Broad knowledge of benefits, payroll, recruiting, employee relations, etc.
The ability to serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, interpreting and administering policies, and providing guidance.
Proven ability to maintain a high level of confidentiality in daily tasks.
Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from a four-year college or university and 3 to 5 years of recruiting and generalist work experience, preferably within a manufacturing organization.


text:
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Metro Transit as envisioned by Forward Thrust. (King County and courtesy of UW Special Collections)
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Forward Thrust
Forward Thrust Part 1: No City is an Island
Shaun Scott
In December 2017 I had the fortune to pen, in my capacity as a columnist for City Arts Magazine, a retrospective essay about the impact of the Forward Thrust ballot initiatives. I looked backwards to Forward Thrust because I thought history could provide political answers that the self-proclaimed "progressive" present could not.
It seems to me that the rising popularity of the term "progressive" in our civic discourse has coincided precisely with some very unprogressive political phenomena in Seattle: rampant unaffordability in housing and an attendant homelessness crisis; enduring racial disparities in our school system; the proliferation of regressive taxes that contribute to displacement and economic insecurity; the tragic spectacles of police-authored violence in the form of brutal sweeps of the homeless and the murders of unarmed citizens of color.
As the calendar turned to 2018 and the 50 year anniversary of the Forward Thrust bond initiatives of 1968 was upon us, I wanted to take a deeper look at Forward Thrust than that initial 800-word editorial; and I wanted to take readers on a tour of its significance to the present day. So over the next few months, I'll be distilling the results of this search here in The Urbanist, and in person at four neighborhood charrettes across the city with the help of Town Hall Seattle.
I'm fascinated by Forward Thrust because it seems a positive example of what civic boosters and journalists termed "The Seattle Spirit" in the late 19th century–a mélange of determination and folly that leads local residents to mobilize around large questions about the fate of the region and its people.
Sometimes that spirit has enabled self-sabotage and racial subordination. We cannot talk about Seattle without talking about the expropriation of human capital and resources from the indigenous peoples of the Puget Sound region, who hosted the city's white settlers when they were in desperate need of direction, and were ceremoniously rewarded in the generation subsequent to the initial 1851 settlement with a slew of broken treaties and greedy land grabs. We cannot talk about urbanism without talking about enforced residential segregation that consigned African Americans and Asian Americans to decreasingly small portions of the city grid in the 20th century, then nearly booted them out of city limits altogether with the forces of gentrification in the 21st. And ultimately—as I'll show in the course of this essay series–we cannot talk about Forward Thrust without talking about it as a political failure: a brainchild of downtown businessmen and political moderates who could not get the votes for their mass transit and public housing agenda because they refused to look for them in areas where the populations most impacted by these measures–people of color and low-income whites–usually live.
At the same time, "The Seattle Spirit" has revealed Seattle at its best. It was evidenced when workers across all unionized trades ground capitalist production to a halt in exchange for better wages and worker protections in the General Strike of 1919. It was apparent when civic engineers embarked on a series of dramatic regrade projects from the late 1890s until the Great Depression in the early 1930s, leveling the city's steepest hills and readying now-stalwart neighborhoods like Capitol Hill and Beacon Hill for habitation. It was shown when the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther Party, founded the same year as the first Forward Thrust initiatives in 1968, provided free healthcare and school lunch to the city's most vulnerable residents. And "The Seattle Spirit" was in action as area residents—in a rare move for a citizenry that was by most accounts defined by sleepy liberalism in the post-WWII period–took the future seriously enough to plan for it by approving (most of) the Forward Thrust initiatives.
When we talk about Forward Thrust, we are not parsing over the past so much as we're forecasting our own future. Concern for our collective fate as a city was my impetus for starting this project. It will also be my motivation for sharing it.
Forward Thrust was a gamut of ballot measures put before King County voters in two separate elections in 1968 and again in 1970. Conceived of by civic visionary Jim Ellis (a graduate of Seattle's John Muir Elementary School), Forward Thrust was authored in the long shadow of the founding of METRO in 1958—a municipal corporation responsible for sewer disposal and mass transit that eventually resulted in the launch of King County's bus fleet in 1973. Forward Thrust was intended as a set of comprehensive futurist reforms that would ready Seattle for its second post-WWII tidal wave of population increase. With an expansive subway system as its centerpiece, the Forward Thrust campaigns put new fire halls, modernized environmental infrastructure, hundreds of public parks, and facilities for professional sports before voters.
Forward Thrust promised to create the transit system above by 1985. (De Leuw, Cather & Company)
Unfortunately for transit enthusiasts, the fact that Forward Thrust was a King County initiative (and not a Seattle-specific one) lumped transit enthusiasts in with voters who were more reticent. The Space Needle had announced Seattle's stature as a proverbial "world class city" in 1962, and the Seattle World's Fair of the same year put the city on the global cultural map. Washington Senators Warren Magnuson and Henry Jackson were securing boatloads of federal funds for futurist research projects at the University of Washington, and even commandeered the majority of the funds that would have gone towards the construction of a subway system in Seattle had the Forward Thrust initiative for it passed at the ballot box.
In Seattle proper, life was dynamic and changing. In county outposts like Issaquah and Sammamish, where clusters of farmland could still be found in the 1960s, not so much. The suburbanite suspicion of downtown business types and metropolitan modernization diluted the urbanite urge for public housing and rail transit.
According to Roger Sale's seminal city history Seattle: Past to Present (1976), Jim Ellis placed peripheral measures like professional sports and community centers besides his rail transit package because he thought they would increase the chance that the rail transit initiative—buoyed by positive associations with other, more popular measures—would pass in 1968. Tragically, King County voters approved of the side dishes but had a distaste for the entrée: the bond measure that led to the creation of the Kingdome and the subsequent arrival of the Seahawks and Mariners passed by a 62-38 margin. Bonds for youth service centers (72-28), and public parks including the Seattle Aquarium (65-35), sewer improvement (63-37), and new fire halls (70-30) enjoyed equally resounding victories, as Ellis predicted. Sadly, rail transit was the least popular of the measures, earning only 50.2% (county elections required a 60% vote share for an initiative to pass). The less-commented on but equally significant public housing bond also failed (58-42).
The Kingdome was in operation from 1976 until its demolition in 2000. It lived hard for its 24 years with its bonds outliving the structure. The Kingdome site now hosts CenturyLink Stadium and Safeco Field. (Seattle Municipal Archives)
Encouraged by rail transit's close margin of defeat in the 1968 election, Jim Ellis upped the ante on another two years of campaigning for Forward Thrust, this time coupling it with a measure for more community centers and a new county jail in 1970.
Seattle's Black Panther Party captain Aaron Dixon mock auditioned for the Seattle Police Department on the cover of Seattle Magazine in October 1968. (Seattle Magazine)
In the final installment of this essay series, I will tackle the question of whether Jim Ellis' embrace of the carceral state help or hurt support for his transit initiative among urban voters. At the same time that Richard Nixon carried the 1968 presidential election with a "tough on crime" message that emphasized "law and order" to corral hippies and dissidents, many of those same activists were increasingly visible on Seattle's social landscape. In October 1968, Black Panther Party chair Aaron Dixon appeared on the cover of Seattle Magazine, wearing a nonplussed stare while driving a police car to ironically highlight the Panthers' opposition to the criminal justice system as an occupying force in Black urban areas of Seattle. Asian American activists in Seattle's Chinatown/International District also vigorously opposed the proposed county jail. But Ellis would not have lumped it in with his mass transit initiative if he did not think it would have enhanced the subway's chance for success.
Suffice it to say for now, history has revealed Ellis to be on the wrong side of a political equation that put voters of color and young people on one side of his calculus and Seattle moderates on the other. The subway initiative failed again in 1970, this time by an even greater than it did in the 1968 election (46-54). For good measure, the ballot measures which lumped the jail in with more police stations and community health centers were also rejected.
Started by the Black Panthers in 1968, the Carolyn Downs Family Medical Center remains open to this day. Ellis never got the chance to open his planned health center, and would have to wait until 1996 to see regional voters approve a rail system that began service in 2009.
"If rapid transit is to have a new beginning," Jim Ellis told reporters after the 1970 failure, "it will have to come from people other than the Forward Thrust Committee."
Who were these "people" Jim Ellis spoke of? When the Forward Thrust Committee incorporated as a nonprofit organization in 1966, it was composed of 23 men and one woman. Businessmen (eight) were the single largest constituency group on the committee, followed by elected officials (five), attorneys (three), civic association members (three), two utility company heads, a labor union leader, an architect, and a University of Washington professor. While this steering committee may have been reflective of the "official" types enfranchised by the Seattle political process, it was hardly representative of the emerging strains on the city's civic fabric.
In a retrospective about the state of Seattle politics in the late 1960s and early 1970s, electoral wrangler Peter LeSourd writes that "by the close of the 1960s, the spirit of social and political activism that was spreading across the country had reached Seattle. Citizens groups were protesting plans to tear down Pike Place Market and to construct new city freeways. Opponents of the Vietnam War and African Americans protesting segregated schools and employment discrimination staged large and vociferous public demonstrations."
The lack of a more significant working-class (or any activist) presence proved to be a political misstep for a campaign aimed at a heavily unionized populace during a tumultuous time in the city's politics. But Jim Ellis' political frame of reference didn't leave much room for the populations he'd need support from if his big idea–rapid rail transit–were to succeed. In the remaining three installments of this essay series, I will relate questions about the successes and failures of Forward Thrust to the city's present political landscape. For urbanists in particular, this discussion ought to have profound implications:
Often stereotyped as a mostly-white and white-collar fixation, urbanism–inasmuch as it exists as a concrete body of ideas–speaks to an appreciation for city life as a vector of human creativity, enlightenment, and liberation. In this sense, an urbanism that does not account for the specific social and political divides that segment cities will fail at delivering on this mandate for robust urban life. Take it from Forward Thrust: no ideology can be a narrow isthmus, and no city an island.
Shaun Scott will host a talk on Forward Thrust at Rainier Arts Center on May 21st and three more talks across the city as part of a Town Hall series. Additionally, Shaun is our guest speaker at our May meetup.
The featured image is a transit station envisioned in a Forward Thrust report. The image is courtesy of UW Special Collections.
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Shaun Scott (Guest Contributor)
Shaun Scott is a writer and historian. His work has appeared in Jacobin Magazine, Sports Illustrated, and The Establishment. His bi-weekly column, Faded Signs, which published in City Arts Magazine, is about popular culture in late capitalism. Scott is the author of the 2018 book "Millennials and the Moments That Made Us: A Cultural History of the U.S. from 1982-Present". He is a member of Seattle Democratic Socialists of America.
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rossb May 6, 2018 at 8:21 am
I wrote a previous comment, but I guess it was too long for the system.
Anyway, I grew up in Seattle, and went to school in the Central Area. The three stops between downtown and the UW are fairly close to some of the schools I attended (Minor, Madrona, Meany, Garfield). Unlike today, many of those areas were predominately African American (the change in the Capitol Hill area is most dramatic).
Which is why I have a question for Mr. Scott. On the map, it has a label for that area that reads "Model Neighborhood". That concerns me, and I hope you can dig into that. What did they mean by that? Was that an urban renewal plan, or was it more benign? I was little when all of this went down (I was 5) but I don't remember any discussion of that sort of thing growing up (and my parents talked about that sort of thing around the dinner table). There were a lot of big issues being raised and a lot of protests back then, but I don't remember any talk of local urban renewal (AKA destroying people's homes in the name of "progress"). The point being that while that map sure looks great (we could use three stops between downtown and the UW) it may be that we dodged a bullet. It may be that the plans were to demolish homes, and move people of the C. D. (many of whom owned their own home) just to build a "model neighborhood".
RDPence May 6, 2018 at 3:10 pm
This is a reference to the Seattle Model City Program, federally funded program, party of Pres. Johnson's "Great Society" effort. Too complicated to discuss here, so just Google it. The plural is often used, Model Cities, but I believe the singular was the formal name at the federal level.
Urban Renewal was earlier, and it did result in demolition of homes and apartments, ones deemed in too much disrepair. Yes, most were homes to people of color, mostly African American. I remember scores of vacant lots in the southern portion of the CD and down to the I-90 corridor. It took many years for those to be developed.
Thanks — that makes a lot more sense. I hadn't heard of the Model City Program (unlike a lot of other Great Society programs). Maybe because unlike a lot of other programs, it didn't last. But many of the concepts stayed around (although hollowed out).
rossb February 17, 2019 at 2:13 am
Nice article Mr. Scott. I was alive when Forward Thrust failed, but only five years old. A few years after the failure, I talked to my parents about it. They were both liberals, and voted for it. My dad was a little more skeptical when it came to spending, and said that while he supported the project, he had heard that the folks who ran BART were also going to run this. There were technical problems with BART (that exist to this day) so while he supported this, he also felt like it wasn't an ideal system.
When I look at the map, the big thing I am curious about is the part of the map labeled "Model Neighborhood". That concerns me. While I think it would have been great to build a mass transit system back then, it makes me think that maybe we dodged a bullet. Although I grew up in another part of town (Magnolia) I was voluntarily bused to that neighborhood (again, my parents were liberals). Back in the day, all of it was considered the Central Area. Capitol Hill was simply a subset of a region that was largely African American. Sure, some of the nicest mansions were owned by wealthy white people, but plenty of the really big houses were owned by black families (and those houses were reasonably affordable). More to the point, the three stations are very close to where I went to school: Minor, Madrona, Meany, Garfield — these were not the white areas you see today. Those schools were all majority black (although Garfield was about 50-50 by the time I got there).
Which is why the term "model neighborhood" gives me the willies. Is that just shorthand for "urban renewal'? Was the plan to bulldoze perfectly good houses, and scatter African American households (many of which owned their own homes) while this "model neighborhood" (presumably for white folks) would be built? I don't know. But if it turns out that Forward Thrust would have done that, then I don't really regret the failure (even though we really could use three stops in the Central Area).
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Next message (by thread): [arch-dev-public] libvpx moved to testing - dropping avidemux?
> provide a list of packages that are now orphaned due to this?
> All the best. Glad to hear you are generally planning to stay onboard.


Shrek is definitely not your typical ogre; in fact, he's quite endearing once you get past his grumpy moods and occasional uncouthness. Perhaps the most noticeable thing about Shrek is that he is green, very green! Shrek makes the move from ordinary ogre to royalty when he marries the lovely Fiona, the beautiful Princess who is cursed to transform into a green ogre every evening at dusk. Show off your big, kind greenness in a homemade Shrek costume that will transport you to the Kingdom of Far, Far Away!
Step 1: Scour the resale shops for a pair of plaid pants, preferable green and brown plaid but any will do. In a pinch, a pair of dark brown trousers will also work just fine.
Step 2: Next you will need an off–white or white peasant tunic that fits loosely with billowy sleeves and a string–tie in the front. If you are unable to find a peasant shirt, you can make one with a pattern and several yards of gauzy material.
Step 3: Layer the peasant shirt with a short, bolero–style vest in leather, pleather or fabric. Fasten a brown belt around the waist of your Shrek costume and slip some basic brown work boots on your feet.
Step 4: Now for the challenging part; becoming green! You can use green makeup to create this unusual complexion but remember you will need to apply it to the face, neck, hands and all other skin peeking out. Another alterative and easier as well, is to wear a pair of over–sized green Shrek hands and a Shrek mask showcasing his unique facial features in including his ogre horns. You can make your own Shrek gloves with a pair of yellow rubber gloves spray–painted green.


Advocate Pawan Kumar is practicing lawyer in New Delhi and he has been helping the many non-profit organizations to fulfill their legal needs.
Mr. Pawan Kumar is our independent associate advocate in India to help our clients in India. He manages the India office of Allied Legal and helps us with litigation and administrative matters in all over India.
Advocate Pawan Kumar born and raised in Delhi. In his free time he likes to spend time with his friends and family.


text:
Lockheed to lead $200M SSA claims processing upgrade
Contractor named as prime on Disability Case Processing System award
By David Hubler
Lockheed Martin Corp. has been named prime contractor on the Social Security Administration's Disability Case Processing System contract, an IT modernization program to improve the quality and speed of processing disability claims nationwide.
The six-year indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract is valued at $200 million if all options are exercised, according to a Lockheed statement today.
Under the terms of the award, Lockheed Martin will lead a team that includes Iron Data Solutions LLC, of Atlanta, which supports 47 state IT disability case processing systems. Also on the team are Global Commerce and Information Inc., of Baltimore, and MacQuarium Intelligent Communications.
The contract requires creating a processing system that will manage approximately four million cases annually and be flexible enough to accommodate up to 50,000 employees.
Key elements of the new system will include service-oriented architecture principles and methods. The system also will incorporate services that will be available throughout the enterprise.
The goal of the program is to help the SSA transform the processing of disability claims through a highly available, scalable and modern Web-based system that will fully integrate with the central electronic disability process and recent advances in health information technologies, the statement said.
The new system will save the SSA money by eliminating the need to maintain separate systems for 54 state and federal sites. It also will help the agency process disability claims faster and with higher consistency, the announcement said.
Creating a system that enables re-usable services enterprisewide, yet allows for site-specific customization of disability case processing is one of the program's key objectives. Simplifying systems maintenance and reducing the infrastructure costs are other key objectives.
Lockheed Martin Corp., of Bethesda, Md., ranks No. 1 on Washington Technology's 2010 Top 100 list of the largest federal government contractors.
David Hubler is the former print managing editor for GCN and senior editor for Washington Technology. He is freelance writer living in Annandale, Va.
Tue, Jan 18, 2011 Jorge District of Columbia
Can we expect the same performance that LM delivered to the FBI in the Sentinel program?


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Equipment manufacturers are developing production and packaging systems designed specifically to increase productivity while maintaining quality and reducing costs.


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Shrimp n' Lobster go to COP 21 in Paris - Catch the Cuteness | Learn. Grow. Act. Inspire.
Shrimp n' Lobster go to the Conference of Parties (COP) 21 in Paris!
Leaders converge do discuss the health of our worlds climate.


Habitech Group has developed Group Housing/Township/Commercial Projects in Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, Himachal Pradesh, Mohali. Habitech Group is coming up with another prestigious township Project on NH-8, Kotputli - Rajasthan closely followed by other projects. Habitech Group is focused at giving their customers high quality Products with timely delivery. With the vast experience in the arena of real estate and infrastructure technology, professional experience in the field of design, construction and time bound approach, there is an endless list of satisfied customers. The Group, through its continuous research and development has vision to create an new blueprint in the field real estate development. The vision of Habitech Group is to design, construct and deliver housing and commercial projects which are beautiful and harmony with the customers expectation and our aligned with their lifestyle. We, at Habitech Group always aim at giving our customers an affordable housing option.


text:
Republican Lawmakers Want to Blow Up 'China Trade Shock.' Will It Work?
How Dollar General's Diaper Deal Wreaked Havoc on its Price Matching Competitors
By Marc Davis
Marc Davis
More Stories by Marc
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July 30, 2014 3:35pm
When Dollar General Corp. offered packages of Pampers Swaddlers diapers at a discounted price of $9.50 for "all counts and sizes" last week, little did they know that Walmart and Target would reap the benefits of its sales promotion–or did they? Value-seeking shoppers flocked with Dollar General circulars in hand to Walmart, Target and other retailers, hoping to avail themselves of retailers' promise to match the prices of their competitors.
However, not all packages of diapers are equal, which Dollar General's competitors soon discovered. The packs Dollar General offered skewed small with a discount calculated at 50 cents, while Target and Walmart, among others, offered larger diaper packs with higher counts. Of course, those were the products customers demanded at the same Dollar General discounted price for "all counts and sizes."
True to the law of unintended consequences, the big-box discounters fell victim to their own aggressive price matching programs, and two days after consumers bought diapers in wholesale lots, Walmart and Target stopped honoring the discount.
The Wall Street Journal aptly called it "diaper arbitrage," as the number of shoppers profited on the price grew. Some customers nailed discounts of as much as 75 percent and were quick to trumpet their bargains on social media, thereby spreading the word far and wide and causing an even a bigger run on diapers.
Retailers are wising up to the stealth tactics coupon-using shoppers are taking to spy any price discrepancy or consumer advantage in advertising, promotions and coupons. For example, Walmart has begun a new training program for its cashiers at 4,200 of its U.S. stores to watch for abuse of their price matching, "two-for-one" and "Buy One, Get One Free" promotions. Additionally, only products that are identical to the ones that Walmart carries are eligible for price-matching deals.
Aggressive price matching programs are offered by many big retailers in the ongoing fight for sales in this enormous sector, and it will most likely continue in one form or another, however, there may be more small print in future to protect against another diaper fiasco.
Dollar General.
Shuffle Board: Michael Kors, The RealReal Name CEOs, New CK Americas President
What Sank H&M's Profits


text:
Enjoyable design (Topic Discussion)
Tabletop game designers want to create an enjoyable experience for people – whatever enjoyable means in this context. From that starting point, they create a game that is balanced, flows well and meets the desired complexity requirements, as well as meets other criteria. They may use the skillset of developers to refine everything, and if a publisher is involved, there will be additional criteria that have to be met. However, in this article, I want to focus on enjoyment, what it means and whose responsibility it is to make a game enjoyable.
I think we all have different expectations when it comes to game enjoyment. Some love highly complex games, others really enjoy mathing out their turns, others love games with a lot of player interaction and others still might prefer light, quick games. However, it isn't necessarily just mechanisms that are responsible for enjoyment.
It can be very satisfying, and therefore enjoyable, to place highly detailed and chunky miniatures on a map, or create a tableau of beautifully illustrated cards. So components can be another part of a game's enjoyment.
Physical interactions are also often responsible for creating fun and enjoyment in a game. These are often based on game mechanisms, but I want to still list them separately, because the fun of having to contort your body in games like Yogi is a result of the underlying mechanism. Similarly, it can be very satisfying to roll ten D6 dice, which is also more of a tactile experience. All of these physical interactions result in emotional responses, which are another component when it comes to creating an enjoyable game.
Some games focus very much on emotional responses and try to influence our feelings directly, often through text and by forcing us to make decisions that have a direct or indirect impact on other players in the game. Just think of Fog of Love as an example, which has beautiful components, but I think for most people the enjoyment comes from the decisions they have to make and the role they take on in the game.
Given these different sources of enjoyment in a game, the answer as to who is responsible for creating this enjoyment will differ. I think at the core it will always be the game designer's (and possibly the developer's and publisher's, but let me simplify this and for the purpose of this article allow me to just say it's the designer's) responsibility, but ultimately some or all of the responsibility will be transferred to us, as the players, for some of these sources of enjoyment.
Let's start with mechanisms. These clearly are created by the designer, so it's their responsibility to ensure they create the intended kind of enjoyment in the game. However, after that, it is up to us to ensure we buy games that create the sort of enjoyment we want. If we buy the wrong games, we can't blame the designer, even though you could argue that sometimes it's not clear what to expect from a game. Yet, these days there are plenty of playthrough videos and reviews that allow us to get a good idea about whether a game is for us – or not.
Saying that, it's not just black and white of course. There are games that mostly meet our expectations, but there might be a couple of gripes. I think there is no reason why you can't introduce your own house rules to make a game fit your expectations better – and when I say your expectations, I mean the expectations of whoever plays the game of course. Of course, if you end up having to make drastic changes or more than a couple of tweaks, then it's more likely that the game just isn't for you.
Also, don't forget to give a game a few plays before deciding whether a house rule is actually needed. After all, in the great majority of cases, a designer put the rules in place for a good reason, and you run the risk of missing out on certain aspects of the game's enjoyment if you change them. It's all about balance though, because the enjoyment that a designer has intended for their game may just not be something you enjoy.
There is another issue related to mechanisms, and that is the problem of alpha players taking over in co-operative games. I would argue that it is really up to us to decide who we play a co-operative game with – and the decision will depend on whether a designer has put checks in place to reduce the influence of an alpha gamer. However, it's not really up to a designer to ensure their co-operative game completely eliminates the influence of an alpha player.
As I said, it is up to us to know whether we will enjoy a specific co-operative game, if we play it with certain people, or whether we should choose a different type of game, co-operative or not, when we plan a games night with an alpha player. As an alpha player myself (even though I've improved a lot), I know not to play certain co-operative games with certain people, if I don't want to adjust my behaviour.
Now let's move onto components, illustrations and everything else that affects the so-called table presence of a game. Often these are not the responsibility of the game designer, but the remit of the publisher who will employ graphic designers, illustrators, sculptors and similar creative experts to create the components. I am a very visual person, so to me components and illustrations matter a lot. Nice, thick, linen-finished cards with beautiful illustrations often allow me to enjoy a game more. Chunky dice, detailed miniatures and other physical components have a similar effect on me.
Luckily, these days there are plenty of unboxing videos which give you a good idea how good a game's components are and whether they will add to your enjoyment. So whether you want to take responsibility for ensuring you only buy games with amazing components, or whether you want to blame the publisher, it's definitely not the game designer's responsibility, even though they should have some influence on the final product.
Let me group together the enjoyment from tactile interactions with the game and the emotional responses you get from playing a game. I would argue it's the designer's responsibility again to ensure the game creates the intended tactility and feelings, but then it's really up to us to decide whether that's what we want from a game, using playthrough videos and reviews. After all, if you really don't like contorting your body or are not bothered by role-playing a romantic couple, then these types of games aren't for you, even if the same games create a huge amount of fun for other people.
In fact, sometimes you just might not be in the mood for a certain game, irrespective of what it is that the game uses to create enjoyment. You might love a game at certain times, but at other times it just is no fun – and that is fine. Hopefully, you have another game to play instead.
So what are your thoughts on who is responsible for the enjoyment of a game? Have you got a game that you really only enjoy playing when you're in the right mood? Are there games that you only play with certain people to get the most enjoyment out of them? Please share your thoughts in the comments below. I'd love to hear from you.
Music: Midnight Stroll by Avalon (https://soundcloud.com/freebmusic/avalon-midnight-stroll)
Yogi: http://www.brainbox.co.uk/game/yogi
Fog of Love: https://www.fogoflove.com/
Article about my journey as an alpha player: https://tabletopgamesblog.com/2019/12/03/alpha-one/
Unboxing videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUjttWsgiPg&list=PLU5Vut7xXvcIGkbx6vTtHJ9yfdPHlpXke
Tags:Alpha Player (Quaterback, Dominant Player), Co-operative Games (Co-op, Coop), Competitive Games, Components, Designers, Game Design, Game Enjoyment, Game Mechanisms, House Rules, Player Interaction, Rules (Rulebooks)
David Miller (@subquark)
"we buy games that create the sort of enjoyment we want" – that's a mouthful and so spot on.
As a game designer I think of myself like an author and, maybe even a song writer, as I try to tell a story in which you are the star. The game is a narrative, a story in which you take on a role. Sometimes the role is brief – the unintended leader trying to save their friends or family from an apocalyptic monster or a pirate captain in a single battle.
As an author, I have my style (well, I should say my style is then heavily directed and edited by Kate) and that will ring true with some players, but only a subset of all players. We all have our favourite authors or song writers.
You've written so well about this and I greatly appreciate your focus on this article. =)
22 January 2020 Reply
Oliver Kinne
Thank you. I'm glad my article chimes with you. As an author it's great to hear that people like what you write – just as game designers, like yourself, enjoy feedback from the people who play their games.
@mangozoid
Always love reading about this sort of thing, so keep up the excellent work… 👍
1 May 2020 Reply
Thank you Alex. I'm glad you like the article. I've got a few more design related articles planned, so hopefully you'll like those too.


Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - Dosing of powders into processes - is your process control screwed?
Dosing of powders into processes - is your process control screwed?
It is hoped that this very brief look at some of the problems associated with accuracy in feeder operations may provide an insight into some of the more common issues in processes. Some of the principles discussed are transferable to other types of controlled feeding systems (such as belts), but space limitations preclude presenting this information in a single article. In summary, the importance of considering powder flow characteristics before specifying (or purchasing equipment) cannot be over stated enough. Time spent considering the integration of process elements to operate together with the objective of delivering an accurate and repeatable output before the start of a project will invariably pay dividends when the time comes to produce consistent quality products with reliability.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

module Main(
  main
)where

import Control.Monad.Trans (lift)

import System.IO (BufferMode (..),hSetBuffering,stderr,stdout,stdin)

import qualified Web.Scotty.Trans  as Web
import Network.Wai (Middleware)
import Network.Wai.Middleware.RequestLogger (logStdout, logStdoutDev)

import App.Types
import Config

import qualified Routing as R
import qualified Models.DB as DB

main :: IO ()
main = do
  hSetBuffering stdout LineBuffering
  hSetBuffering stdin  LineBuffering
  hSetBuffering stderr NoBuffering
  conf <- readOptions
  conns <- DB.createConnections conf
  let ctx = AppContext {
    dbConns = conns
    ,site = siteConf conf
    ,github = githubConf conf
  }
  Web.scottyT (serverPort $ serverConf  conf) (runAppToIO ctx) R.routing
  return ()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
L'église d'Alastaro (en ) est une église située à Alastaro dans la commune de Loimaa  en Finlande propre.

Histoire
Elle est d'abord construite à Loimaa avant d'être déplacée en 1840–1841 à son endroit actuel. En la déplaçant on lui ajoute une tour de 25 mètres de haut, une sacristie et deux ailes. Son aspect extérieur a été conçu par Josef Stenbäck en 1896-97. L'autel date de 1752, et les orgues de 1954.

Références

Liens internes
Liste des églises évangéliques luthériennes de Finlande

Liens externes

Alastaro

Édifice religieux luthérien en Finlande

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
White, Edmund
States of Desire Revisited: Travels in Gay America
by Edmund White
Library of Congress Classification HQ76.2.U5W45 2014
Dewey Decimal Classification 306.76620973
States of Desire Revisited looks back from the twenty-first century at a pivotal moment in the late 1970s: Gay Liberation was a new and flourishing movement of creative culture, political activism, and sexual freedom, just before the 1980s devastation of AIDS. Edmund White traveled America, recording impressions of gay individuals and communities that remain perceptive and captivating today. He noted politicos in D.C. working the system, in-fighting radicals in New York and San Francisco, butch guys in Houston and self-loathing but courteous gentlemen in Memphis, the "Fifties in Deep Freeze" in Kansas City, progressive thinkers with conservative style in Minneapolis and Portland, wealth and beauty in Los Angeles, and, in Santa Fe, a desert retreat for older gays and lesbians since the 1920s.
White frames those past travels with a brief, bracing review of gay America since the 1970s ("now we were all supposed to settle down with a partner in the suburbs and adopt a Korean daughter"), and a reflection on how Internet culture has diminished unique gay places and scenes but brought isolated individuals into a global GLBTQ community.
Edmund White is the author of more than twenty books, including A Boy's Own Story, The Beautiful Room Is Empty, The Farewell Symphony, My Lives, City Boy, and Inside a Pearl: My Years in Paris. He lives in New York City and teaches creative writing at Princeton University.
Santa Fe, Salt Lake City, and Denver
Florida and the South
Boston and Washington, D.C.
Epilogue: Self-Criticism
See other books on: Essays & Travelogues | Gay men | States | Travels | White, Edmund
Nearby on shelf for The Family. Marriage. Women / Sexual life / Homosexuality. Lesbianism:


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