In addition to the above three volcanoes, a reading obtained from archangel Halaliel, mentions that volcanoes situated in Earth's torrid areas will erupt just prior to a "shifting of the poles." Thus, when more than the expected numbers of torrid-area volcanoes begin to erupt, their collective activity will indicate that a pole shift - predicted in Cayce reading 826-8 -- is to occur sometime by the end of 2001.
When there is the first breaking up of some conditions in the South Sea (that's South Pacific, to be sure), and those as apparent in the sinking or rising of that that's almost opposite same, or in the Mediterranean, and the Aetna (Etna] area, then we may know it has begun.
On pages 50-54 of my book, Coming Earth Changes (CEC) attention is given to recent sinking and rising of the crust in the Etna area, as reported by scientists up to 1996. This includes evidence that "both the volcano and northeastern Sicily have been uplifted 1.5 mm/year during Holocene times, although more recent rates of uplift may have been greater." (Firth, C., and Others, 1996, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub, No. 110).
Some commentators on the readings confuse Etna's recent spectacular eruptive activity of the past few years with "sinking or rising" in the Etna area. But while the recent magma pumping does cause the volcano to inflate (swell slightly) and to deflate temporarily, and while lava flows add somewhat to the elevation of Etna's slopes, these changes do not relate to the broader "Etna area" mentioned in the reading. Also, the wording of reading 311-8 seems to require that vertical crustal movements in the vicinity of Etna must become more obvious before we can truly say that significant Earth changes are imminent. Such accelerated sinking or rising of the crust in the immediate Etna area might soon be signaled by future eruptive phases that will surpass those of 1950, 1971, 1983, and 1991-1993. Volcanic activity during all of these previous times resulted in greater quantities of eruptive material than in 1932, the date of reading 311-8. And see subsection, "The Vesuvius," below for a better yardstick to assess the degree of "sinking or rising.... in the Mediterranean and Etna area" that we might need to observe before we can be certain that the historically unprecedented Earth changes predicted in Cayce's readings are indeed about to begin.
As for "breaking up of some conditions in the South Pacific," mentioned in 311-8, two geologists have recently reported 1 that the Pacific tectonic plate is being torn "through the entire thickness of the ocean lithosphere" at the northern end of the Tonga Trench. The significance of the discovery of "breaking up" in this area -- being as it is "almost opposite" to the Mediterranean or Etna area -- is evident. Taken together with the small but accelerating crustal uplift in the Etna area cited above, it appears that we stand on the threshold of significant Earth changes.
The purpose of one or the other of these indicator volcanoes is to provide a warning of impending earthquakes and "inundations" in California, Utah, and Nevada.
If there are the greater activities in the Vesuvius, or Pelée, then the southern coast of California -- and the areas between Salt Lake and the southern portions of Nevada -- may expect, within three months following same, an inundation by the earthquakes. But these, as we find, are to be more in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Thus, we now have two ways of interpreting the "inundation-by-the-earthquakes" language of reading 270-35. And the ambiguity of the phraseology used seems to have allowed science to catch up to the reading, here near the end of the 40-year period (1958 to 1998) said to be prelude to catastrophic Earth changes between 1998 and 2998. As if to bolster our interpretation at this critical time, there is new global-scale seismic-tomography evidence for deep mantle circulation of unprecedented proportion.
In 1998 we may find a great deal of the activities as have been wrought by the gradual changes that are coming about....[and] ....as has been indicated, we will begin to understand fully in '98".
But first, just what are tsunamis? (The word is Japanese for tsu harbor + nami wave). A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-nah-mee) is a series of waves, generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces ocean water. Sea-floor movements accompanying earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis. But landslides into the sea, submarine landslides, explosive submarine volcanic eruptions, and even meteorite impacts can generate tsunamis. Locally-generated tsunamis are the greatest threat to U.S. coastlines, but tsunamis originating at a distance are also a constant threat. The U.S. has suffered damage from tsunamis originating in Chile, Japan, Russia, and Alaska. Eventually, tsunamis will strike all U.S. Pacific Ocean coastlines. Because reading 270-35 above refers to tsunamis generated by local earthquakes, we will cite details for several here to give the reader an idea of historical numbers and effects. As covered in Tsunamis Affecting The West Coast of the United States: 1806-1992, 2the Santa Barbara tsunami of December 21, 1812, was most probably caused by a submarine landslide in the Santa Barbara basin. This landslide was believed due to an earthquake estimated at M7.7, and originating on the San Andreas Fault. The maximum wave height was about 15 feet or so, and is said to have reached half a mile inland. Submarine landslide tsunamis in California typically have waves with a maximum amplitude of 10 feet and affect a very restricted area. The tsunami of November 4, 1927, was such a one, and affected about 35 miles of shoreline. It was recorded as a six-foot wave at Surf, just north of Pt. Arguello near Santa Barbara, and as a five-foot surge at Port San Luis. Near Los Angeles, on July 10, 1855, four earthquakes generated a "probable submarine landslide and local tsunami." On May 27, 1862, an M5.9 earthquake at San Diego caused the only local tsunami observed there. On August 30, 1930, a M5.2 earthquake caused a 20-foot wave at Santa Monica, Venice, and Redondo Beach: "Probably a submarine landslide source given the low magnitude of the earthquake and localized effect. Sixteen people were rescued from the surf. One drowned at Redondo Beach." These few representative records show that local tsunami inundations "by [the] earthquakes" are quite possible for the southern coast of California.
In all, some 21 locally generated tsunamis of various destructive power have been documented for the southern California coast between 1806 and 1992. Although this coast seems safe from locally generated tsunamis relative to the coasts of, say, Japan or Alaska, the dangers from large tsunamis cannot be ignored. D. S. McCullough, in a U.S. Geological Survey report on tsunamis along the Pacific coast, says that "a preliminary appraisal of the potential for locally generated tsunamis suggests that wave run-up heights as great as four to six meters," or 13 to 20 feet, could be caused by seabed movements due to earthquakes. Such waves are not in the same league with the giant tsunamis that hit Hawaii in 1946 and 1975, but even a five- or six-foot tsunami can cause widespread damage in a harbor or along a heavily settled stretch of coastline.
One tsunami-prone area in southern California is located off Santa Barbara where the offshore area has created an odd set of conditions with the potential for making large seismic sea waves. Quoting a report on southern California's tsunami potential, D. Ritchie says in his book Superquake! (Crown, NY, 1988), "'Surface fault rupture accompanied by sea-floor displacement is a distinct possibility beneath the Santa Barbara Channel. To put it another way, a big quake on land could set off another quake under the sea and thus send tsunamis rolling toward the California shore." Support for this view is found in J. Deng and L. Sykes's recent study of the 200-year evolution of the crustal stress field in southern California (Jour. Geophysical Research, v. 102, B5, May 10, 1997). The authors write: "Future great earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault, especially if the San Bernardino and Coachella Valley segments rupture together, can trigger moderate to large earthquakes in the Transverse Ranges, as appears to have happened in the Santa Barbara earthquake that occurred 13 days after the great San Andreas shock of 1812."
If the ultimate cause of the tsunamis mentioned in our speculation on the meaning of 270-35 above is an acceleration of lithospheric plate movements incident to pole shift, there is one last, far-out possibility to consider. And it ties into the last sentence of the reading, which indicates that the effects of the inundations by the earthquakes will be felt more in the southern hemisphere. This understanding of the phrase "inundations by the earthquakes" would relate to tsunamis generated from distant sources. If a huge piece of the Kilauea volcano, on the island of Hawaii, suddenly slides into the Pacific, highly energetic tsunamis would be generated that would strongly impact the southern California shoreline and those of Central and South America. Indeed, the coast of southern California has experienced no less than 44 tsunamis generated by earthquakes or submarine landslides beyond the U.S. Pacific coast (excluding Alaska) between 1806 and 1992. These waves have traveled from Japan, coastal Alaska, Chile, the Kuril Islands, the Java Sea, El Salvador, and other places. Many of the 44 tsunamis of distant origin that hit the coast of southern California were recorded only as minor excursions on tide-gage records. But consider what could happen as accelerating mantle motions cause earthquakes and landslides at currently erupting Kilaeua. (The seismic hazard for the southern portion of Hawaii rivals that of the area around the San Andreas Fault in California, according to F. Klein, seismologist with the U. S. Geological Survey. And geophysicists in early 1997 were measuring progressive seaward displacements of the land portion of Kilauea's southeastern flank).
In their study, "Giant Hawaiian Landslides" (Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 1994), J. Moore, and others, document dozens of major landslides that have recently been discovered on the flanks of the Hawaiian Ridge. They are among the largest on Earth, attaining lengths greater than 200 km and volumes of several thousand cubic kilometers." The authors write that rapid movement of some of the submarine debris avalanches "is indicated by the fact that some have moved uphill for tens of kilometers, and are believed to have produced major tsunamis."
To return to the main topic of this article, just what "greater activities" means involves a somewhat subjective judgment. Greater than what other activities? When the reading was given in 1936, Vesuvius had been erupting intermittently for 23 years (since 1913). It continued to do so until 1944. Apparently, eruptions between 1936 and 1944 were not sufficient to qualify as "greater activities," because the "inundation by the earthquakes" did not occur. Volcanic activity during the 1936-1944 period was generally confined to the summit and upper slopes of Vesuvius.
Thus, "greater activities" at Mt. Vesuvius will be interpreted here to mean the occurrence of more vigorous and widespread eruptions than those that occurred between 1913 and 1944. Such stronger eruptions will presumably reflect the beginning of worldwide movements in the mantle and overlying lithospheric plates, associated with the beginning of a shift in the poles predicted for 2000 - 2001.
A. When there is a shifting of the poles, or a new cycle begins.
Mt. Vesuvius, located on the outskirts of Naples, Italy, last erupted in 1944. Nothing special is going on at this indicator volcano, or in its immediate area, at the present time. Mt. Vesuvius is a cone-shaped edifice built within a very old caldera 3, Mt. Somma. The 18,000-year-old Mt. Somma caldera lies just east of another ancient caldera, Campi Flegrei. Thus, "the Vesuvius [realm?]" of the above reading comprises a highly volcanic portion of the Earth's crust.
Treated on pages 267-268 of CEC is the possibility that Gladys Davis, Edgar Cayce's stenographer for reading 270-35, might not have known that Cayce's source could have meant "Pele," instead of Pelée. Pele could be interpreted to stand for the domain of the Polynesian fire goddess Pele, who is believed to inhabit the crater of Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawaii. Inspection of the original copy of reading 270-35 indicates that Mr. Cayce did not spell out either Pelée or Pele when giving his reading. Thus, perhaps Cayce's source did not mean Mt. Pelée, on the island of Martinique. Here we have only a slight difference in pronunciation, and just one letter "e" between the two names. Also, there is the unusual placement of the article the in, "If there are the greater activities in the Vesuvius, or Pelée....." It seems as though a noun like "areas" or "realms" has been omitted after the word Pelée. Thus, something like "....greater activities in the Vesuvius or Pele realms or areas....." might have been intended by the source of Cayce's reading.
At any rate, there is an outside chance that Miss Davis might have written Pelée, where Pele was actually intended. Thus, we will consider "greater [volcanic] activities" at both Mt. Pelée on Martinique, and at Kilauea, in Pele's realm on the Big Island of Hawaii, as potential indicators of forthcoming "inundations by the earthquakes" in Utah, Nevada, and coastal southern California.
What do we know about the history and current eruptive status of the volcanoes Pelée and Kilauea? The last eruptive phase of Mt. Pelée began in 1929, and ended in 1932. The reading that refers to "greater activities" was given in 1936. During the 1929-1932 period, Pelée exhibited explosive activity, produced pyroclastic and mud flows, and developed a dome and spine. No lives were lost. This level of activity contrasts markedly with the previous activity of 1902-1905. That eruptive phase began in May 1902, when Pelée suddenly erupted, spewing out masses of lava, pumice, and hot ash from the south side of its 4,600 ft. edifice. In one day, 30,000 people died. The volcano has been dormant since 1932.
Whether or not reading 270-35 was referring to "greater activities" in the realm of Pele, there is a consistent logic for Vesuvius, Pelée, or Pele's Kilauea being indicator volcanoes for the beginning of significant Earth changes. This is so because each of the three volcanoes can be expected to be sensitive to movements of magma that will occur in conjunction with accelerated movements of Earth's lithospheric plates, upheavals in the Arctic and Antarctic, and eruptions of torrid-area volcanoes. These events are predicted to take place just prior to a shifting of the poles in the year 2000.
Note that both Pelée and Kilauea are torrid-area volcanoes, located as they are in Earth's Torrid Zone between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. "Upheavals in the Arctic and Antarctic" may turn out to be mostly volcanic in nature, and not due to simple upthrusting of crustal blocks. Periods of flood-basalt volcanism can develop impressive lava plateaus. One such lava upheaval, in Siberia 250 million years ago, has recently been determined 4 to have risen from a depth of 1,800 miles. This lava originated in the super-hot zone near the Earth's core-mantle boundary. Reading 5748-6 said that "upheavals in the interior of the Earth" would begin in 1936. If these upheavals were also superheated plumes of buoyant plastic rock in the upper mantle, they could easily have taken 64 years until now (2000) to push overlying mantle rock to just below Earth's surface in the Arctic and Antarctic areas. The kinds of upheavals that reading 3976-15 predicted would occur in the polar zones seem well represented by the great (M8.2) Balleny Sea earthquake/upheaval of March 1998 in the Antarctica area, and in 1999 by the more than 200 earthquakes and inferred volcanic activity in the high Arctic in 1998-1999. C. Müller and W. Jokat (EOS, June 13, 2000, p. 265) state that "The detection of this earthquake swarm and the evidence for its volcanic origin is the first direct evidence of recent volcanic activity in the high Arctic;" that is, of upheavals in a portion of the Arctic close to the North pole.
How can we discriminate between normal on-going eruptions of volcanoes in the torrid areas, and the increase in eruptions of such volcanoes as predicted in reading 3976 above? Are there more eruptions of torrid-area volcanoes in 1998 than in earlier years? Has anyone looked carefully for such evidence?
The book, Volcanoes of the World,5 deals briefly (p. 29) with what is known about the magnitude and frequency of worldwide volcano eruptions. To begin, the larger eruptions have taken place at a reasonably constant rate of nearly one per year for most of the last 200 years, and "all eruptions have averaged about 60 per year for the last 20-30 years." Thus, if we begin to see more than about 60 eruptions per year worldwide, and many more than the usual number of these are in the torrid areas, then we will have confirmation of the reading in question. (Note that the term "torrid areas" in reading 3976-15 describes a less rigorously defined strip of global territory than does Torrid Zone; that is, torrid areas may extend somewhat to the north of the Tropic of Cancer and to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while by definition, the Torrid Zone must lie within two parallels, each 23.5 from the equator).
The recent eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat in July 1995 is an example of an unexpected eruption of a torrid-area volcano. Kilauea, on the island of Hawaii has been in essentially continuous eruption since 1983. Remember also that chronological records of deep-sea rift eruptions are virtually unknown. But volumetrically, lava pouring from such rifts constitutes the dominant form of global volcanism. Interesting, too, that the most active area for this type of globally-dominant volcanism lies on the East Pacific Rise, in a torrid area.
Historical records reveal only a few concentrations of volcanic eruptions in specific areas. The most interesting concentration that relates to the Cayce readings is described in Volcanoes of the World (p. 30).
The famous 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée was preceded, only one day earlier, by an equally explosive eruption on St. Vincent, 165 km to the south and much too far away to consider subsurface plumbing connections. These were followed five months later by an even larger eruption of Guatemala's Santa Maria, 3260 km to the west on the opposite side of the Caribbean Plate. In no other year have three explosive eruptions of this magnitude been recorded, and it is tempting to link them to plate tectonic movement.
Now, near-simultaneous eruptions of volcanoes on opposite sides of the Caribbean lithospheric plate (Fig. 5, CEC) do not necessarily equate to the possibility of concentrated eruptions of volcanoes in the Earth's torrid areas. But the Caribbean-plate example seems to provide a hint of what might be possible should movement of Earth's plates suddenly accelerate.
Will only torrid-area volcanic activity increase in the days ahead? It would seem that if "the Earth will be broken up in the western portion of America.... [and]....the early portion [of the Earth-change period] will see a change in the physical aspect of the west coast of America (3976-15), then the American West will be impacted not only by earthquakes and upheavals, but by increasing volcanic eruptions as well. Reviewed below is historical information for potentially dangerous Western volcanoes. The USGS estimates of volcano impacts are also given to show what a geologically sudden and thoroughgoing breakup of the American West might do to volcano eruptivity over the coming 12 months.
Volcanoes of the Cascade Range extend from Mount Baker, WA, on the north to Mount Lassen, CA, on the south. They erupt far less frequently than Kilauea, but they are more dangerous because of their violently explosive behavior and their proximity to populated and cultivated areas in Washington, Oregon, and California. Historical records show that only two eruptions disturbed the quiet of the Cascades in the 90 years prior to the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. But between 1832 and 1880, four of the northern Cascade volcanoes (Baker, Hood, Rainier, and St. Helens) erupted lava or ash over periods of one to three decades. Many of the Cascade volcanoes could erupt as part of the breaking-up of the western portion of America. This could begin as a result of a giant (M9.0+) quake along the Cascadian subduction zone.
Mt. St. Helens. On May 18, 1980, this volcano provided the largest Cascade eruption in historic time when the north side of its summit crater was blown apart. The most recent eruption of lava from its dome occurred on October 21, 1986. In early 1998, earthquake activity beneath St. Helens gradually increased over several months and accelerated into June. None of 1998's many minor quakes are of the low-frequency type that typically lead to major eruptions, although it's possible that they reflect increased magma pressure at depth that eventually may lead to renewed activity. But we must remember that Cascade volcanoes can erupt suddenly. In 1980, Mt. St. Helens took only two months from the time of the first earthquake to its peak eruption.
Mt. Baker. After Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Baker is the most active Cascades volcano. Beginning in 1975, rates of steam emission from Baker's Sherman cone increased suddenly to 10 to 100 times its normal rate, and then subsided gradually. This volcano has a history of pyroclastic and mud flows. If melted during an eruption, its 20 square miles of active glaciers could produce dangerous floods.
Mt. Rainier. Ancient mudflows from this 13,000-foot volcano coursed through many of the locales where people of Seattle and Tacoma live today. Although observers logged 16 eruptions of Rainier between 1820 and 1894, it shows few signs of activity at present. Summit craters are hot, however, and if Rainier were to erupt from these craters, dangerous mudflows and floods could occur. A giant quake in the Cascadia subduction zone could cause Rainier to erupt a few days later. Mud and debris flows would probably start before the eruption, bringing the potential for annihilation of thousands of people.
Crater Lake. This caldera formed 6,850 years ago during the eruption of Mt. Mazama. At the climax of that eruption, ash blanketed nearly all of the Pacific Northwest. Assessment of potential volcanic hazards will depend upon data on the current state of its magma chamber, but the USGS lists it as a potentially active volcano. Currently dormant, the next eruptions are most likely to occur only inside the caldera.
Mt. Hood. Between 400 and 600 years ago, Mt. Hood sent pyroclastic and mud flows down its slopes. It last erupted in 1859 or 1865, and could erupt again in the near future. Almost 100 small quakes were detected in February 1998 beneath Mt. Hood's south flank. The USGS says that "intermittent earthquake swarms and discrete events seem to characterize Mt. Hood's "normal" level of seismic activity," but that any departure should be closely watched as it could indicate renewed volcanic activity.
Lassen Peak. A series of spectacular eruptions occurred at Lassen Peak between 1914 and 1915, making it California's most recently active volcano. A pyroclastic flow on May 21, 1915, devastated forests four miles away. The volcano has been inactive since 1921.
Mt. Shasta. Although Mt. Shasta has not erupted since 1786, it has the potential for eruptions, which produce pyroclastic flows that move down the mountain at high speeds. An eruption of Mt. Shasta also could be expected to produce mudflows and huge floods during melting of the snow that covers its peak.
Others. Cascade volcanoes that erupt less frequently than every 1000 years, and which last erupted more than 1000 years ago, include Three Sisters, Newberry, Medicine Lake, Glacier Peak, Mt. Adams, and Mt. Jefferson. Three of these, Three Sisters, Newberry, and Medicine Lake have also evolved into the range of hazardous magma composition (high in silica and gas).. South Sister seems to be the most dangerous of the Three Sisters.
Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo Craters. These features represent the greatest immediate volcanic hazard in the lower 48 states of the U. S. mainland. And the Mono Lake - Long valley region is California's potentially most dangerous volcanic field. As covered in CEC (p. 43), Long Valley last erupted 250 years ago. Over the last few years, Long Valley caldera has witnessed swarms of earthquakes, a rising dome of hot magma, and releases of carbon dioxide gas. The enormous eruption of the original volcano, some 700,000 years ago, expelled huge quantities of incandescent ash.
The Mono-Inyo Craters lying just to the north of Long Valley erupted in 1350, producing widespread ash falls over central California and western Nevada and thick lava streams that, if repeated today, would disrupt communities all along U.S. 395, between Bishop and Bridgeport. These craters are of concern because they seem to overlie a magma chamber that has reached a dangerous point in the evolution of its chemical composition. 7 And they erupt about every 200-300 years. Some part of the crater chain could erupt explosively at any time, although monitoring indicates that an eruption is not imminent.
Yellowstone Caldera. This caldera erupted explosively three times in the last two million years, producing some of the greatest eruptions in Earth's history. Its ash deposits have been found in Kansas, Saskatchewan, and California. If it were to erupt again today -- in response to accelerated movement of Earth's plates -- it might repeat the last eruption that ejected at least 250 cubic miles of new magma. Damage to crops and population centers would be extensive in the West, and much of the rest of the country would be shut down.
If the American West is "broken up" in 2001, we may presume that at least some of the volcanoes discussed in the above section will reawaken and erupt. Intensity levels of such volcanic eruptions are impossible to estimate. As a minimum, however, we might expect the occurrence of some severe impacts, but not necessarily in all places at once. A repeat of the past catastrophic eruptions at Yellowstone and Long Valley, however, would affect much of the western U. S. and produce significant disturbances to agriculture and transportation in the central and perhaps eastern United States as well.
D. Millen and M. Hamburger, 1998, Geology, p. 659-662.
Some material in this section is extracted from Brantley, S.R., 1995, Volcanoes of the United States, (U. S. Geological Survey pamphlet 0-164-937), and from Harris, S.L., 1988, Fire Mountains of the West, Mountain Press, Missoula, MT, 50806.
Kerr, R., 1983, Science, v. 221, p. 634.


text:
S-1033.2
By Senators Hasegawa, Kuderer, Chase, and Saldaña
Read first time 02/07/17. Referred to Committee on Health Care.
AN ACT Relating to health care financing and development of a publicly sponsored integrated delivery system such as the veterans affairs system to ensure access for all; amending RCW 41.05.130, 66.24.290, 82.24.020, 82.26.020, 82.08.150, 43.79.480, and 41.05.220; reenacting and amending RCW 41.05.120; adding new sections to chapter 82.02 RCW; adding a new chapter to Title 43 RCW; creating new sections; repealing RCW 82.04.260 and 48.14.0201; providing effective dates; and providing an expiration date.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:
NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. During this time of uncertainty affecting the future options for thousands of Washingtonians to retain their health care coverage, the people of the state of Washington declare their intention to create a single health financing entity called the Washington access for all trust to simplify health care financing and eliminate administrative waste while extending health care coverage to all residents as a basic human need that is essential for a productive society. Through public hearings, research, and consensus building, the trust will: (1) Provide fair, simple, and accountable health care financing for all Washington residents using a single health care financing entity; (2) cover a comprehensive package of effective and necessary personal health services; (3) make health care coverage independent from employment; (4) eliminate excessive administrative costs resulting from the current fragmented system of multiple insurers; (5) generate savings sufficient to ensure coverage for all Washington residents; (6) integrate current publicly sponsored health programs into the access for all trust; (7) preserve choice of providers for Washington residents; (8) protect patient rights; (9) keep clinical decisions in the hands of health professionals and patients, rather than administrative personnel; (10) promote health care quality; and (11) control excessive health care costs. Creating a streamlined, single health care financing approach can also lift the burden from employers of funding health care costs for insurance as well as the costs of a separate medical system for injured workers.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
(1) "Board" means the board of trustees of the Washington access for all trust created in section 3 of this act.
(2) "Capitation" means a mechanism of payment in which a provider is paid a negotiated monthly sum and is obliged to provide all covered services for specific patients who enroll with that provider.
(3) "Case rate" means a method of payment based on diagnosis. Case rate assumes that a given set of services shall be provided and the rate is based on the total compensation for those services.
(4) "Chair" means the presiding officer of the board.
(5) "Employer" means any person, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, or public or private entity operating in Washington state and employing for wages, salary, or other compensation, one or more residents.
(6) "Federal poverty level" means the federal poverty guidelines determined annually by the United States department of health and human services or its successor agency.
(7) "Group practice" or "group" means a group of practitioners voluntarily joined into an organization for the purpose of sharing administrative costs, negotiating with payers and controlling the circumstances of their medical practice, and, in some cases, sharing revenues. The group may be of a single specialty or include more than one specialty.
(8) "Health care facility" or "facility" includes any of the following appropriately accredited entities: Hospices licensed pursuant to chapter 70.127 RCW; hospitals licensed pursuant to chapter 70.41 RCW; rural health care facilities as defined in RCW 70.175.020; psychiatric hospitals licensed pursuant to chapter 71.12 RCW; nursing homes licensed pursuant to chapter 18.51 RCW; community mental health centers licensed pursuant to chapter 71.05 or 71.24 RCW; kidney disease treatment centers licensed pursuant to chapter 70.41 RCW; ambulatory diagnostic, treatment, or surgical facilities licensed pursuant to chapter 70.41 RCW; approved drug and alcohol treatment facilities certified by the department of social and health services; home health agencies licensed pursuant to chapter 70.127 RCW; and such facilities if owned and operated by a political subdivision or instrumentality of the state and such other facilities as required by federal law and implementing regulations.
(9) "Health care practitioner" or "practitioner" means a person licensed or certified under Title 18 RCW or chapter 70.127 RCW, and covered by the all categories of provider law, RCW 48.43.045, providing health care services in Washington state consistent with their lawful scope of practice.
(10) "Health care provider" or "provider" means any health care facility, or health care practitioner or group practice licensed or certified under Washington state law to provide health or health-related services in Washington state.
(11) "Income" means the adjusted gross household income for federal income tax purposes.
(12) "Long-term care" means institutional, residential, outpatient, or community-based services that meet the individual needs of persons of all ages who are limited in their functional capacities or have disabilities and require assistance with performing two or more activities of daily living for an extended or indefinite period of time. These services include case management, protective supervision, in-home care, nursing services, convalescent, custodial, chronic, and terminally ill care.
(13) "Native American" means an American Indian or Alaska native as defined under 25 U.S.C. Sec. 1603.
(14) "Payroll" means any amount paid to Washington state residents and defined as "wages" under section 3121 of the internal revenue code.
(15) "Resident" means an individual who presents evidence of established, permanent residency in the state of Washington, who did not enter the state for the primary purpose of obtaining health services. "Resident" also includes people and their accompanying family members who are residing in the state for the purpose of engaging in employment for at least one month. The confinement of a person in a nursing home, hospital, or other medical institution in the state may not by itself be sufficient to qualify such person as a resident.
(16) "Trust" means the Washington access for all trust created in section 3 of this act.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 3. An agency of state government known as the Washington access for all trust is created. The purpose of the trust is to provide coverage for a set of health services for all residents.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 4. (1) The trust shall be governed by a board of trustees. The board consists of nine trustees selected for expertise in health care financing and delivery, and representing Washington citizens, business, labor, and health professions. The initial trustees shall be appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the senate. The governor shall appoint the initial board by December 31, 2017. Of the initial trustees, three shall be appointed to terms of two years, three shall be appointed to terms of four years, and three shall be appointed to terms of six years. Thereafter, trustees shall be elected to six-year terms, one trustee from each congressional district; the first class of trustees shall be elected from the first, second, and ninth congressional districts; the second class from the third, seventh, and eighth congressional districts; and the third class from the fourth, fifth, and sixth congressional districts. The governor shall appoint a trustee to serve the remaining term for a vacancy from any cause. The initial board shall convene no later than March 15, 2018.
(2) Members of the board shall have no pecuniary interest in any business subject to regulation by the board. Members of the board are subject to chapter 42.52 RCW.
(3) The initial, appointed members of the board shall occupy their positions on a full-time basis and are exempt from the provisions of chapter 41.06 RCW. The elected trustees shall occupy their positions according to the bylaws, rules, and relevant governing documents of the board. The board and its professional staff are subject to the public disclosure provisions of chapter 42.17A RCW. Trustees shall be paid a salary to be fixed by the governor in accordance with RCW 43.03.040. Five trustees constitute a quorum for the conduct of business.
(4) One member of the board shall be designated by the governor as chair, subject to confirmation by a majority of the other trustees. The chair shall serve in this capacity, subject to continuing confidence of a majority of the board.
(5) If convinced by a preponderance of the evidence in a due process hearing that a trustee has failed to perform required duties or has a conflict with the public interest, the governor may remove that trustee and appoint another to serve the unexpired term.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 5. (1) Subject to the approval of the board, the chair shall appoint three standing committees:
(a) A financial advisory committee consisting of financial experts from the office of financial management, the office of the state treasurer, and the office of the insurance commissioner. The financial advisory committee shall recommend specific details for major budget decisions and for appropriations, taxes, and other funding legislation necessary to conduct the operations of the Washington access for all trust;
(b) A citizens' advisory committee consisting of balanced representation from health experts, business, labor, and consumers. The citizens' advisory committee shall hold public hearings on priorities for inclusion in the set of health services, survey public satisfaction, investigate complaints, and identify and report on health care access and other priority issues for residents; and
(c) A technical advisory committee consisting of members with broad experience in and knowledge of health care delivery, research, and policy, as well as public and private funding of health care services. The technical advisory committee shall make recommendations to the board on technical issues related to covered benefits, quality assurance, utilization, and other issues as requested by the board.
(2) The board shall consult with the citizens' advisory committee at least quarterly, receive its reports and recommendations, and then report to the governor and legislature at least annually on board actions in response to citizens' advisory committee input. The board shall also seek financially sound recommendations from the financial advisory committee whenever the board requests funding legislation necessary to operate the Washington access for all trust and whenever the board considers major budget decisions.
(3) Subject to approval of the board, the chair may appoint other committees and task forces as needed.
(4) Members of committees shall serve without compensation for their services but shall be reimbursed for their expenses while attending meetings on behalf of the board in accordance with RCW 43.03.050 and 43.03.060.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 6. The chair is the presiding officer of the board and has the following powers and duties:
(1) Appoint an executive director with the approval of the board. The executive director, with approval of the board, shall employ staff in accordance with chapter 41.06 RCW necessary to execute the policies and decisions of the board;
(2) Enter into contracts on behalf of the board. All contracts are subject to review and binding legal opinions by the attorney general's office if disputed in a due process hearing by a party to such a contract;
(3) Subject to explicit approval of a majority of the board, accept and expend gifts, donations, grants, and other funds received by the board; and
(4) Delegate administrative functions of the board to the executive director and staff of the trust as necessary to ensure efficient administration.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 7. (1) The board shall: (a) With advice from the citizens' advisory committee and the technical advisory committee, establish and keep current a set of health services to be financed by the trust, as provided in section 11 of this act; (b) seek all necessary waivers so that (i) current federal and state payments for health services to residents will be paid directly to the trust, and (ii) the trust complies with the federal patient protection and affordable care act; (c) request legislation authorizing the assessments and premiums necessary to operate the trust and make rules, policies, guidelines, and timetables needed for the trust to finance the set of health services for all residents starting May 15, 2020; (d) develop or contract for development of a statewide, anonymous health care data system to use for quality assurance and cost containment; (e) with advice from the technical advisory committee, develop health care practice guidelines and quality standards; (f) develop policies to protect confidentiality of patient records throughout the health care delivery system and the claims payment system; (g) make eligibility rules, including eligibility for residents temporarily out-of-state; (h) develop or contract for development of a streamlined uniform claims processing system that must pay providers in a timely manner for covered health services; (i) develop appeals procedures for residents and providers; (j) integrate functions with other state agencies; (k) work with the citizens' advisory committee and the technical advisory committee to balance benefits and provider payments with revenues, and develop effective measures to control excessive and unnecessary health care costs; (l) address nonfinancial barriers to health care access; (m) monitor population migration into Washington state to detect any trends related to availability of universal health care coverage; (n) develop an annual budget for the trust; (o) develop a plan to implement a publicly sponsored integrated delivery system in which residents would receive care from state-employed providers in state-owned and operated facilities or from nonprofit entities contracting with the state; and (p) comply with all insurance related provisions of the federal patient protection and affordable care act.
(2) To the extent that the exercise of any of the powers and duties specified in this section may be inconsistent with the powers and duties of other state agencies, offices, or commissions, the authority of the board supersedes that of such other state agency, office, or commission.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 8. Beginning May 15, 2019, the board shall adopt, in consultation with the office of financial management, an annual Washington access for all trust budget. Except by legislative approval, each annual budget shall not exceed the budget for the preceding year by more than the Washington state consumer price index. If operations expenses exceed revenues generated in two consecutive years, the board shall recommend adjustments in either benefits or revenues, or both, to the legislature.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 9. (1) The board shall report annual changes in total Washington health care costs, along with the financial position and the status of the trust, to the governor and legislature at least once a year.
(2) The board shall seek audits annually from the state auditor.
(3) The board shall contract with the state auditor for a performance audit every two years.
(4) The board shall adopt bylaws, rules, and other appropriate governance documents to assure accountable, open, fair, effective operations of the trust, including methods for electing trustees and rules under which reserve funds may be prudently invested subject to advice of the state treasurer and the director of the department of financial management.
(5) The board shall submit any internal rules or policies it adopts to the secretary of state. The internal rules or policies must be made available by the secretary of state for public inspection.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 10. (1) All residents are eligible for coverage through the trust.
(2) Private health insurance coverage is not allowed as a substitute for the universal plan, as all residents are covered by the trust; however, supplemental coverage is allowed. Nonresidents are covered for emergency services and emergency transportation only.
(3) Until federal waivers are accomplished, residents covered under federal health programs shall continue to use that coverage, and benefits provided by the trust shall extend only to costs not covered by the federal health programs unless: (a) The resident voluntarily elects to participate in the trust; (b) the resident's pay is considered in calculating the employer's assessment defined under section 16 of this act; and (c) either the employer or the employee pays the premium under section 17 of this act.
(4) The board shall make provisions for determining eligibility for coverage for residents while they are temporarily out of the state.
(5) Pending integration of federally qualified trusts into the access for all trust, employees covered under the trusts are not eligible for coverage through the access for all trust unless: (a) The employee's pay is considered in calculating the employer's assessment defined under section 16 of this act; and (b) either the employer or the employee pays the premium under section 17 of this act.
(6) Pending integration of federally qualified trusts into the access for all trust, residents who are retirees covered under the trusts are not eligible for coverage through the access for all trust unless they pay the premium under section 17 of this act.
(7) Pending integration into the access for all trust of applicable federal programs described in section 21 of this act, Native American residents are not eligible for coverage through the access for all trust unless: (a) The resident's pay is considered in calculating the employer's assessment under section 16 of this act; and (b) either the employer or the resident pays any premium due under section 17 of this act.
(8) Nothing in this act shall be construed to limit a resident's right to seek health care from any provider he or she chooses, or from obtaining coverage for health care benefits in excess of those available under the trust.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 11. (1) With advice from the citizens' advisory committee and the technical advisory committee, the board shall establish a single benefits package covering health services that are effective and necessary for the good health of residents and that emphasize preventive and primary health care. The board shall ensure that the benefits package constitutes minimum essential coverage for purposes of the federal patient protection and affordable care act.
(2) The benefits package shall include, but is not limited to: (a) Inpatient and outpatient hospital care, including twenty-four hour a day emergency services and emergency ambulance services; (b) outpatient, home-based, and office-based care; (c) rehabilitation services, including speech, occupational, and physical therapy; (d) inpatient and outpatient mental health services and substance abuse treatment; (e) hospice care; (f) prescription drugs and prescribed medical nutrition; (g) vision and hearing care; (h) diagnostic tests; (i) durable medical equipment; (j) preventive care; and (k) any other benefits defined as "essential health benefits" by the United States department of health and human services pursuant to the federal patient protection and affordable care act.
(3) Subject to a financial analysis demonstrating ongoing sufficient funds in the trust, long-term care shall be a covered benefit as of May 15, 2022. Long-term care coverage shall include a uniform initial assessment and coordination between home health, adult day care, and nursing home services, and other treatment alternatives. The board shall establish a copayment for long-term nursing home care, to cover some costs of room and board, for residents with incomes above one hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level.
(4) The board, in coordination with the office of the insurance commissioner, shall examine by May 15, 2022, possible remedies for residents who have made previous payments for long-term care insurance.
(5) Except where otherwise prohibited by federal law, the board shall establish copayments for outpatient visits, emergency room visits, and prescription drugs for residents with incomes above one hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level. There shall be an annual cap of five hundred dollars per family.
(6) The board shall submit to the legislature by July 1, 2020, a plan to incorporate dental care coverage in the benefits package, to be effective January 1, 2021.
(7) The board shall submit to the governor and legislature by December 1, 2018, and by December 1st of the following years: (a) The benefits package, and (b) an actuarial analysis of the cost of the package.
(8) The board shall consider the extent to which medical research and health professions training activities should be included in the scope of covered activities set forth in this act. The board shall make a report to the governor and the legislature by July 1, 2020.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 12. (1) When consistent with existing federal law, the board shall require pharmaceutical and durable medical equipment manufacturers to provide their products in Washington state at the lowest rate offered to federal and other government entities.
(2) The board may seek other means of financing drugs and durable medical equipment at the lowest possible cost, including bulk purchasing agreements with Washington state tribes.
(3) The board may enact drug formularies that do not interfere with treatments necessary for appropriate standards of care.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 13. (1) The board shall adopt rules permitting providers to collectively negotiate budgets, payment schedules, and other terms and conditions of trust participation.
(2) The board shall annually negotiate with each hospital and each facility a prospective global budget for operational and other costs to be covered by the trust. Group practices may also negotiate on a global budget basis. Hospitals and other facilities shall be paid on a fee-for-service or case rate basis, within the limits of their prospective annual budget.
(3) Payment to individual practitioners shall be by fee-for-service or on a case rate basis or on a combination of bases. The board shall study the feasibility of paying by capitation to providers, and how resident enrollment would take place under capitation.
(4) Individual practitioners who are employed by a group, facility, clinic, or hospital may be paid by salary.
(5) The board shall adopt rules ensuring that payment schedules and procedures for mental health services are comparable to other health care services.
(6) The board shall study and seek to develop provider payment methods that: (a) Encourage an integrated multispecialty approach to disease management; (b) reward education time spent with patients; and (c) include a medical risk adjustment formula for providers whose practices serve patients with higher than average health risks.
(7) Nothing in this act shall be construed to limit a provider's right to receive payments from sources other than the trust. However, any provider who does accept payment from the trust for a service must accept that payment, along with applicable copayments, as payment in full.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 14. (1) The intent of this section is to exempt activities approved under this act from state antitrust laws and to provide immunity from federal antitrust laws through the state action doctrine.
(2) Activities that might otherwise be constrained by antitrust laws, including: (a) Containing the aggregate cost of health care services; (b) promoting cooperative activities among health care providers to develop cost-effective health care delivery systems; and (c) any other lawful actions taken under this act by any person or entity created or regulated by this act, are declared to be pursuant to state statute and for the public purposes of the state of Washington.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 15. (1) Administrative expenses to operate and maintain the trust shall not exceed eleven percent of the trust's annual budget. The board shall not shift administrative costs or duties of the trust to providers or to resident beneficiaries.
(2) The board shall work with providers to develop and apply scientifically based utilization standards, to use encounter and prescribing data to detect excessive utilization, to develop due processes for enforcing appropriate utilization standards, and to identify and prosecute fraud.
(3) The board may institute other cost-containment measures in order to maintain a balanced budget. The board shall pursue due diligence to ensure that cost-containment measures do not limit access to clinically necessary care, nor infringe upon legitimate clinical decision making by practitioners.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 16. A new section is added to chapter 82.02 RCW to read as follows:
In addition to and not in lieu of taxes imposed at the rates established under chapter 82.04 RCW, all Washington state employers shall pay an assessment to the department of revenue to fund the Washington access for all trust created in section 3 of this act.
(1) Effective May 15, 2019, all employers in Washington state shall pay in quarterly installments an assessment on aggregate gross payroll paid to Washington state residents. Except as provided in this section, the assessment shall be: (a) A first step percentage of aggregate gross quarterly payroll up to, and including, one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars; (b) a second step percentage of the amount of aggregate gross quarterly payroll above one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars; and (c) the first step percentage rate shall be one-tenth of the rate of the second step percentage.
(2) The tax rates under subsection (1) of this section may be adjusted annually by the office of financial management to reflect changes in the Washington state consumer price index, or other cost-of-living index deemed appropriate by the office of financial management.
(3) The department of revenue shall assess a penalty at the rate of two percent per month, or a fraction thereof, on any employer whose applicable payroll assessment is not postmarked by the last day of the month following the quarter in which it is due.
(4) The federal government, when an employer of Washington state residents, is exempt from the assessment prior to the repeal, amendment, or waiver of existing state and federal laws delineated in section 21 of this act.
(5) Beginning May 15, 2019, until May 15, 2025, employers that face financial hardship in paying the assessment, may, upon application to the board of trustees created in section 4 of this act, be eligible for waivers or reductions in the assessment. The board shall establish rules and procedures governing all aspects of the business assistance program, including application procedures, thresholds regarding firm size, wages, profits, age of firm, and duration of assistance.
(6) Pending integration of any federally qualified trusts, the payroll of employees covered under these trusts is exempt from the assessment, although the employer may pay it voluntarily.
(7) Pending repeal, amendment, or waiver of applicable state and federal laws delineated in section 21 of this act, payroll of Native American residents who do not elect to participate in the access for all trust is exempt from the assessment.
(8) Eighty percent of the revenue collected under this section must be deposited in the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(9) For the purposes of this section, the terms "employer," "payroll," and "resident" have the same meaning as defined in section 2 of this act.
(1) Effective May 15, 2019, all Washington residents eighteen years and older, except medicare and medicaid beneficiaries, with incomes over one hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level shall pay a standard monthly flat rate premium. The board shall recommend the amount of this premium, and the legislature shall establish the exact amount in separate legislation.
(2) Medicare and medicaid beneficiaries with incomes over one hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level who elect to participate in the trust shall pay reduced, monthly, flat rate premium. The board shall recommend the amount of this premium, and the legislature shall establish the exact amount in separate legislation.
(3) All premiums may be adjusted annually by the office of financial management to reflect changes in the Washington state consumer price index, or other cost-of-living index deemed appropriate by the office of financial management.
(4) By May 15, 2019, the board of trustees of the Washington access for all trust, created in section 3 of this act, shall develop and implement specific rules and procedures to subsidize the premiums of residents, including medicare and medicaid eligible residents, whose household incomes are less than two hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level.
(5) Federal employees and retirees are exempt from the premium prior to the repeal, amendment, or waiver of existing federal laws delineated in section 21 of this act, although they may elect to participate in the trust and pay it voluntarily.
(6) Pending integration of any federally qualified trusts, employees and retirees covered under these trusts are exempt from the premium, although they may elect to participate in the trust and the employee or the employer may pay it voluntarily.
(7) Pending repeal, amendment, or waiver of applicable state and federal laws delineated in section 21 of this act, Native American residents are exempt from paying the premium, although they may elect to participate in the trust and they or their employer may pay it voluntarily.
(8) Employers shall collect the premiums of their employees through payroll deduction. An employee may also make the premium payment for a nonworking spouse through payroll deduction. Self-employed and nonemployed individuals shall pay their premiums monthly to the department of revenue. The department shall assess an additional nominal fee, such as one dollar, on the monthly premium in lieu of an employer assessment, as well as a penalty at the rate of two percent per month, or fraction thereof, on all self-employed and nonemployed individuals whose premium is not postmarked by the twentieth day following the month it is due. Employers reserve the right to provide private health care coverage to employees; notwithstanding, employers must pay the assessment as provided in section 16 of this act.
(9) Retirees who receive retirement benefits from a former employer or a successor to the employer, other than in federally qualified trusts or through federal employment, may claim a credit against the premium otherwise due under this section, if all or a portion of the retirement benefits consists of health care benefits arising from a contract of health insurance entered into between the employer, or successor, and a health insurance provider.
(10) For the purposes of this section, the terms "employer," "federal poverty level," "income," and "resident" have the same meaning as defined in section 2 of this act.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 18. Revenue derived from the assessment, created in section 16 of this act, and the premium, created in section 17 of this act, shall not be used to pay for medical assistance currently provided under chapter 74.09 RCW or other existing federal and state health care programs. If existing federal and state sources of payment for health services are reduced or terminated after the effective date of this section, the legislature shall replace these appropriations from the general fund.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 19. (1) The health care authority is hereby abolished and its powers, duties, and functions are hereby transferred to the Washington access for all trust. All references to the administrator or the health care authority in the Revised Code of Washington shall be construed to mean the chair or the Washington access for all trust.
(2)(a) All reports, documents, surveys, books, records, files, papers, or written material in the possession of the health care authority shall be delivered to the custody of the Washington access for all trust. All cabinets, furniture, office equipment, motor vehicles, and other tangible property employed by the health care authority shall be made available to the Washington access for all trust. All funds, credits, or other assets held by the health care authority shall be assigned to the Washington access for all trust.
(b) Any appropriations made to the health care authority shall, on the effective date of this section, be transferred and credited to the Washington access for all trust.
(c) If any question arises as to the transfer of any personnel, funds, books, documents, records, papers, files, equipment, or other tangible property used or held in the exercise of the powers and the performance of the duties and functions transferred, the director of financial management shall make a determination as to the proper allocation and certify the same to the state agencies concerned.
(3) All employees of the health care authority are transferred to the jurisdiction of the Washington access for all trust. All employees classified under chapter 41.06 RCW, the state civil service law, are assigned to the Washington access for all trust to perform their usual duties upon the same terms as formerly, without any loss of rights, subject to any action that may be appropriate thereafter in accordance with the laws and rules governing state civil service.
(4) All rules and all pending business before the health care authority shall be continued and acted upon by the Washington access for all trust. All existing contracts and obligations shall remain in full force and shall be performed by the Washington access for all trust.
(5) The transfer of the powers, duties, functions, and personnel of the health care authority shall not affect the validity of any act performed before the effective date of this section.
(6) If apportionments of budgeted funds are required because of the transfers directed by this section, the director of financial management shall certify the apportionments to the affected agencies, the state auditor, and the state treasurer. Each of these shall make the appropriate transfer and adjustments in funds and appropriation accounts and equipment records in accordance with the certification.
(7) Nothing contained in this section may be construed to alter any existing collective bargaining unit or the provisions of any existing collective bargaining agreement until the agreement has expired or until the bargaining unit has been modified by action of the personnel board as provided by law.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 2019, until April 30, 2019, all employers in Washington state shall pay reduced start-up assessments that are thirty percent of the standard monthly flat rate assessment amount to be established by separate legislation. The department of revenue will collect these moneys. Twenty percent of these revenues must be deposited in the reserve account, created in section 22 of this act. Eighty percent of these revenues must be deposited in the benefits account, created in section 24 of this act. Employers who pay this assessment may be eligible for partial or full rebates within two years, if there are sufficient surpluses in the trust.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 21. (1) The board, in consultation with sovereign tribal governments as called for by the centennial accord, shall determine the state and federal laws that need to be repealed, amended, or waived to implement this act, and report its recommendations, with proposed revisions to the Revised Code of Washington, to the governor and the appropriate committees of the legislature by October 1, 2018.
(2) The governor, in consultation with the board and sovereign tribal governments as called for by the centennial accord, shall take the following steps in an effort to receive waivers or exemptions from federal statutes necessary to fully implement this act:
(a) Negotiate with the federal department of health and human services to obtain a statutory or regulatory waiver of provisions of the medical assistance statute, Title XIX of the federal social security act and the children's health insurance program;
(b) Negotiate with the federal department of health and human services to obtain a statutory or regulatory waiver of provisions of the medicare statute, Title XVIII of the federal social security act, that currently constitute barriers to full implementation of this act;
(c) Negotiate with the federal department of health and human services to obtain any statutory or regulatory waivers of provisions of the United States public health services act necessary to ensure integration of federally funded community and migrant health clinics and other health services funded through the public health services act into the trust system under this act;
(d) Negotiate with the federal office of personnel management for the inclusion of federal employee health benefits in the trust under this act;
(e) Negotiate with the federal department of veterans' affairs for the inclusion of veterans' medical benefits in the trust under this act;
(f) Negotiate with the federal department of defense and other federal agencies for the inclusion of the civilian health and medical program of the uniformed services (CHAMPUS) in the trust under this act;
(g) Negotiate with the Indian health services and sovereign tribal governments for inclusion and adequate reimbursement of Indian health benefits under the trust created by this act; and
(h) Request that the United States congress amend the internal revenue code to treat the employer assessment, created in section 16 of this act, and the individual premiums, created in section 17 of this act, as fully deductible from adjusted gross income.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 22. (1) The reserve account is created in the custody of the state treasurer. The reserve account will accumulate moneys until its value equals ten percent of the total annual budgeted expenditures of the trust and then will be considered fully funded, unless the legislature determines that a different level of reserve is necessary and prudent. Whenever the reserve account is fully funded, additional moneys shall be transferred to the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(2) Receipts from the following sources must be deposited into the reserve account: (a) Twenty percent of the assessments paid by employers under section 20 of this act between January 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019; (b) effective May 15, 2019, seven percent of receipts from the assessment created under section 16 of this act and seven percent of the receipts from the premium created under section 17 of this act; and (c) ten percent of all moneys received pursuant to RCW 41.05.120, 41.05.130, 66.24.290, 82.24.020, 82.26.020, 82.08.150, 43.79.480, 41.05.220, and section 33 of this act.
(3) Expenditures from the reserve account may be used only for the purposes of health care services and maintenance of the trust. Only the board or the board's designee may authorize expenditures from the account. The account is subject to allotment procedures under chapter 43.88 RCW, but an appropriation is not required for expenditures.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 23. (1) The displaced worker training account is created in the custody of the state treasurer. Between May 15, 2019, and January 1, 2021, three percent of the receipts from the assessment created in section 16 of this act and three percent of the premium created in section 17 of this act must be deposited into the account. Expenditures from the account may be used only for retraining and job placement of workers displaced by the transition to the trust. Only the board or the board's designee may authorize expenditures from the account. The account is subject to allotment procedures under chapter 43.88 RCW, but an appropriation is not required for expenditures.
(2) Any funds remaining in the account on December 31, 2021, must be deposited into the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(3) This section expires January 1, 2022.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 24. The benefits account is created in the custody of the state treasurer. All receipts from the assessment created under section 16 of this act and the premium created under section 17 of this act that are not dedicated to the reserve account created in section 22 of this act or the displaced worker training account created in section 23 of this act, as well as receipts from other sources, must be deposited into the account. Expenditures from the account may be used only for health care services and maintenance of the trust. Only the board or the board's designee may authorize expenditures from the account. The account is subject to allotment procedures under chapter 43.88 RCW, but an appropriation is not required for expenditures.
Sec. 25. RCW 41.05.120 and 2005 c 518 s 921 and 2005 c 143 s 3 are each reenacted and amended to read as follows:
(1) Contributions from RCW 41.05.050, and reserves, dividends, and refunds currently in the public employees' and retirees' insurance account ((is hereby established in the custody of the state treasurer, to be used by the administrator for the deposit of contributions, the remittance paid by school districts and educational service districts under RCW 28A.400.410, reserves, dividends, and refunds, for payment of premiums for employee and retiree insurance benefit contracts and subsidy amounts provided under RCW 41.05.085, and transfers from the medical flexible spending account as authorized in RCW 41.05.123. Moneys from the account shall be disbursed by the state treasurer by warrants on vouchers duly authorized by the administrator. Moneys from the account may be transferred to the medical flexible spending account to provide reserves and start-up costs for the operation of the medical flexible spending account program.
(2) The state treasurer and the state investment board may invest moneys in the public employees' and retirees' insurance account. All such investments shall be in accordance with RCW 43.84.080 or 43.84.150, whichever is applicable. The administrator shall determine whether the state treasurer or the state investment board or both shall invest moneys in the public employees' [and retirees'] insurance account.
(3) During the 2005-07 fiscal biennium, the legislature may transfer from the public employees' and retirees' insurance account such amounts as reflect the excess fund balance of the fund)) must be deposited in the reserve account pursuant to section 22 of this act and the benefits account pursuant to section 24 of this act.
Sec. 26. RCW 41.05.130 and 2014 c 221 s 914 are each amended to read as follows:
The state health care authority administrative account is ((hereby created in the state treasury)) transferred to the reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act. Moneys in the account, including unanticipated revenues under RCW 43.79.270, ((may be spent only after appropriation by statute, and may be used only for operating expenses of the authority)) are transferred to the reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act, and during the 2013-2015 fiscal biennium, for health care related analysis provided to the legislature by the office of the state actuary.
Sec. 27. RCW 66.24.290 and 2010 1st sp.s. c 23 s 1301 are each amended to read as follows:
(1) Any microbrewer or domestic brewery or beer distributor licensed under this title may sell and deliver beer and strong beer to holders of authorized licenses direct, but to no other person, other than the board. Any certificate of approval holder authorized to act as a distributor under RCW 66.24.270 shall pay the taxes imposed by this section.
(a) Every such brewery or beer distributor shall report all sales to the board monthly, pursuant to the regulations, and shall pay to the board as an added tax for the privilege of manufacturing and selling the beer and strong beer within the state a tax of one dollar and thirty cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons on sales to licensees within the state and on sales to licensees within the state of bottled and canned beer, including strong beer, shall pay a tax computed in gallons at the rate of one dollar and thirty cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons.
(b) Any brewery or beer distributor whose applicable tax payment is not postmarked by the twentieth day following the month of sale will be assessed a penalty at the rate of two percent per month or fraction thereof. Beer and strong beer shall be sold by breweries and distributors in sealed barrels or packages.
(c) The moneys collected under this subsection shall be distributed as follows: (i) Three-tenths of a percent shall be distributed to border areas under RCW 66.08.195; and (ii) of the remaining moneys: (A) Twenty percent shall be distributed to counties in the same manner as under RCW 66.08.200; and (B) eighty percent shall be distributed to incorporated cities and towns in the same manner as under RCW 66.08.210.
(d) Any licensed retailer authorized to purchase beer from a certificate of approval holder with a direct shipment endorsement or a brewery or microbrewery shall make monthly reports to the liquor ((control)) and cannabis board on beer purchased during the preceding calendar month in the manner and upon such forms as may be prescribed by the board.
(2) An additional tax is imposed on all beer and strong beer subject to tax under subsection (1) of this section. The additional tax is equal to two dollars per barrel of thirty-one gallons. All revenues collected during any month from this additional tax shall be deposited in the state general fund by the twenty-fifth day of the following month.
(3)(a) An additional tax is imposed on all beer and strong beer subject to tax under subsection (1) of this section. The additional tax is equal to ninety-six cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons through June 30, 1995, two dollars and thirty-nine cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons for the period July 1, 1995, through June 30, 1997, and four dollars and seventy-eight cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons thereafter.
(b) The additional tax imposed under this subsection does not apply to the sale of the first sixty thousand barrels of beer each year by breweries that are entitled to a reduced rate of tax under 26 U.S.C. Sec. 5051, as existing on July 1, 1993, or such subsequent date as may be provided by the board by rule consistent with the purposes of this exemption.
(c) All revenues collected from the additional tax imposed under this subsection (3) shall be deposited in the ((state general fund)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(4) An additional tax is imposed on all beer and strong beer that is subject to tax under subsection (1) of this section that is in the first sixty thousand barrels of beer and strong beer by breweries that are entitled to a reduced rate of tax under 26 U.S.C. Sec. 5051, as existing on July 1, 1993, or such subsequent date as may be provided by the board by rule consistent with the purposes of the exemption under subsection (3)(b) of this section. The additional tax is equal to one dollar and forty-eight and two-tenths cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons. By the twenty-fifth day of the following month, three percent of the revenues collected from this additional tax shall be distributed to border areas under RCW 66.08.195 and the remaining moneys shall be transferred to the state general fund.
(5)(a) From June 1, 2010, through June 30, 2013, an additional tax is imposed on all beer and strong beer subject to tax under subsection (1) of this section. The additional tax is equal to fifteen dollars and fifty cents per barrel of thirty-one gallons.
(b) The additional tax imposed under this subsection does not apply to the sale of the first sixty thousand barrels of beer each year by breweries that are entitled to a reduced rate of tax under 26 U.S.C. Sec. 5051 of the federal internal revenue code, as existing on July 1, 1993, or such subsequent date as may be provided by the board by rule consistent with the purposes of this exemption.
(c) All revenues collected from the additional tax imposed under this subsection shall be deposited in the state general fund.
(6) The board may make refunds for all taxes paid on beer and strong beer exported from the state for use outside the state.
(7) The board may require filing with the board of a bond to be approved by it, in such amount as the board may fix, securing the payment of the tax. If any licensee fails to pay the tax when due, the board may forthwith suspend or cancel his or her license until all taxes are paid.
Sec. 28. RCW 82.24.020 and 2010 1st sp.s. c 22 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
(1) There is levied and collected as provided in this chapter((,)) a tax upon the sale, use, consumption, handling, possession, or distribution of all cigarettes, in an amount equal to 12.125 cents per cigarette.
(2) Wholesalers subject to the payment of this tax may, if they wish, absorb five one-hundredths cents per cigarette of the tax and not pass it on to purchasers without being in violation of this section or any other act relating to the sale or taxation of cigarettes.
(3) For purposes of this chapter, "possession" means both (a) physical possession by the purchaser, and((,)) (b) when cigarettes are being transported to or held for the purchaser or his or her designee by a person other than the purchaser, constructive possession by the purchaser or his or her designee, which constructive possession is deemed to occur at the location of the cigarettes being so transported or held.
(4) In accordance with federal law and rules prescribed by the department, an enrolled member of a federally recognized Indian tribe may purchase cigarettes from an Indian tribal organization under the jurisdiction of the member's tribe for the member's own use exempt from the applicable taxes imposed by this chapter. Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, any person, who purchases cigarettes from an Indian tribal organization and who is not an enrolled member of the federally recognized Indian tribe within whose jurisdiction the sale takes place, is not exempt from the applicable taxes imposed by this chapter.
(5) If the state enters into a cigarette tax contract or agreement with a federally recognized Indian tribe under chapter 43.06 RCW, the terms of the contract or agreement take precedence over any conflicting provisions of this chapter while the contract or agreement is in effect. The revenue collected under this section must be deposited in the reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(1) There is levied and collected a tax upon the sale, handling, or distribution of all tobacco products in this state at the following rate:
(a) For cigars except little cigars, ninety-five percent of the taxable sales price of cigars, not to exceed sixty-five cents per cigar;
(b) For all tobacco products except those covered under separate provisions of this subsection, ninety-five percent of the taxable sales price;
(c) For moist snuff, as established in this subsection (1)(c) and computed on the net weight listed by the manufacturer:
(i) On each single unit consumer-sized can or package whose net weight is one and two-tenths ounces or less, a rate per single unit that is equal to the greater of 2.526 dollars or eighty-three and one-half percent of the cigarette tax under chapter 82.24 RCW multiplied by twenty; or
(ii) On each single unit consumer-sized can or package whose net weight is more than one and two-tenths ounces, a proportionate tax at the rate established in (c)(i) of this subsection (1) on each ounce or fractional part of an ounce; and
(d) For little cigars, an amount per cigar equal to the cigarette tax under chapter 82.24 RCW.
(2) Taxes under this section must be imposed at the time the distributor (a) brings, or causes to be brought, into this state from without the state tobacco products for sale, (b) makes, manufactures, fabricates, or stores tobacco products in this state for sale in this state, (c) ships or transports tobacco products to retailers in this state, to be sold by those retailers, or (d) handles for sale any tobacco products that are within this state but upon which tax has not been imposed.
(3) The moneys collected under this section must be deposited into the ((state general fund)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
Sec. 30. RCW 82.08.150 and 2012 c 2 s 106 (Initiative Measure No. 1183) are each amended to read as follows:
(1) There is levied and collected a tax upon each retail sale of spirits in the original package at the rate of fifteen percent of the selling price.
(2) There is levied and collected a tax upon each sale of spirits in the original package at the rate of ten percent of the selling price on sales by a spirits distributor licensee or other licensee acting as a spirits distributor pursuant to Title 66 RCW to restaurant spirits retailers.
(3) There is levied and collected an additional tax upon each sale of spirits in the original package by a spirits distributor licensee or other licensee acting as a spirits distributor pursuant to Title 66 RCW to a restaurant spirits retailer and upon each retail sale of spirits in the original package by a licensee of the board at the rate of one dollar and seventy-two cents per liter.
(4) An additional tax is imposed equal to fourteen percent multiplied by the taxes payable under subsections (1), (2), and (3) of this section.
(5) An additional tax is imposed upon each sale of spirits in the original package by a spirits distributor licensee or other licensee acting as a spirits distributor pursuant to Title 66 RCW to a restaurant spirits retailer and upon each retail sale of spirits in the original package by a licensee of the board at the rate of seven cents per liter. All revenues collected during any month from this additional tax must be deposited in the state general fund by the twenty-fifth day of the following month.
(6)(a) An additional tax is imposed upon retail sale of spirits in the original package at the rate of three and four-tenths percent of the selling price.
(b) An additional tax is imposed upon retail sale of spirits in the original package to a restaurant spirits retailer at the rate of two and three-tenths percent of the selling price.
(c) An additional tax is imposed upon each sale of spirits in the original package by a spirits distributor licensee or other licensee acting as a spirits distributor pursuant to Title 66 RCW to a restaurant spirits retailer and upon each retail sale of spirits in the original package by a licensee of the board at the rate of forty-one cents per liter.
(d) All revenues collected during any month from additional taxes under this subsection must be deposited in the ((state general fund)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act by the twenty-fifth day of the following month.
(7)(a) An additional tax is imposed upon each retail sale of spirits in the original package at the rate of one dollar and thirty-three cents per liter.
(b) All revenues collected during any month from additional taxes under this subsection must be deposited by the twenty-fifth day of the following month into the ((general fund)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
(8) The tax imposed in RCW 82.08.020 does not apply to sales of spirits in the original package.
(9) The taxes imposed in this section must be paid by the buyer to the seller, and each seller must collect from the buyer the full amount of the tax payable in respect to each taxable sale under this section. The taxes required by this section to be collected by the seller must be stated separately from the selling price, and for purposes of determining the tax due from the buyer to the seller, it is conclusively presumed that the selling price quoted in any price list does not include the taxes imposed by this section. Sellers must report and return all taxes imposed in this section in accordance with rules adopted by the department.
(10) As used in this section, the terms, "spirits" and "package" have the same meaning as provided in chapter 66.04 RCW.
Sec. 31. RCW 43.79.480 and 2015 3rd sp.s. c 4 s 956 are each amended to read as follows:
(1) Moneys received by the state of Washington in accordance with the settlement of the state's legal action against tobacco product manufacturers, exclusive of costs and attorneys' fees, shall be deposited in the tobacco settlement account created in this section except as these moneys are sold or assigned under chapter 43.340 RCW.
(2) The tobacco settlement account is created in the state treasury. Moneys in the tobacco settlement account may only be transferred to the ((state general fund)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act, and to the tobacco prevention and control account for purposes set forth in this section. ((The legislature shall transfer amounts received as strategic contribution payments as defined in RCW 43.350.010 to the life sciences discovery fund created in RCW 43.350.070. During the 2013-2015 and 2015-2017 fiscal biennia, the legislature may transfer less than the entire strategic contribution payments, and may transfer amounts attributable to strategic contribution payments into the state general fund.))
(3) The tobacco prevention and control account is created in the state treasury. The source of revenue for this account is moneys transferred to the account from the tobacco settlement account, investment earnings, donations to the account, and other revenues as directed by law. Expenditures from the account are subject to appropriation.
Sec. 32. RCW 41.05.220 and 1998 c 245 s 38 are each amended to read as follows:
(((1))) State general funds appropriated to the department of health for the purposes of funding community health centers to provide primary health and dental care services, migrant health services, and maternity health care services shall be transferred to the ((state health care authority)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act. Any related administrative funds expended by the department of health for this purpose shall also be transferred to the ((health care authority)) reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act. The ((health care authority)) Washington access for all trust shall exclusively expend these funds through contracts with community health centers to provide primary health and dental care services, migrant health services, and maternity health care services. The ((administrator)) chair of the ((health care authority)) Washington access for all trust shall establish requirements necessary to assure community health centers provide quality health care services that are appropriate and effective and are delivered in a cost-efficient manner. The ((administrator)) chair of the Washington access for all trust shall further assure that community health centers have appropriate referral arrangements for acute care and medical specialty services not provided by the community health centers.
(((2) The authority, in consultation with the department of health, shall work with community and migrant health clinics and other providers of care to underserved populations, to ensure that the number of people of color and underserved people receiving access to managed care is expanded in proportion to need, based upon demographic data.))
NEW SECTION. Sec. 33. Following the repeal, amendment, or waiver of existing state and federal laws delineated in section 21 of this act, all other revenues currently deposited in the health services account for personal health care services shall be deposited to the reserve account created in section 22 of this act and the benefits account created in section 24 of this act.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 34. Nothing in this act shall be construed to limit an employer's right to maintain employee benefit plans under the federal employee retirement income security act of 1974.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 35. No later than January 1, 2020, the board shall submit to the legislature a proposal to integrate those current and future federally qualified trusts that choose to participate in the trust.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 36. On or before January 1, 2020, the board, in coordination with the department of labor and industries, shall study and make a report to the governor and appropriate committees of the legislature on the provision of medical benefits for injured workers under the trust.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 37. An appropriation by separate act of the legislature may be necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, from the general fund to the benefits account of the Washington access for all trust for start-up moneys for purposes of this act.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 38. The following acts or parts of acts are each repealed:
(1) RCW 82.04.260 (Tax on manufacturers and processors of various foods and by-products—Research and development organizations—Travel agents—Certain international activities—Stevedoring and associated activities—Low-level waste disposers—Insurance producers, surplus line brokers, and title insurance agents—Hospitals—Commercial airplane activities—Timber product activities—Canned salmon processors) and 2015 3rd sp.s. c 6 s 602 & 2015 3rd sp.s. c 6 s 205; and
(2) RCW 48.14.0201 (Premiums and prepayments tax—Health care services—Exemptions—State preemption) and 2016 c 133 s 2, 2013 2nd sp.s. c 6 s 5, 2013 c 325 s 3, 2011 c 47 s 8, & 2009 c 479 s 41.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 39. Sections 1 through 15, 18, 19, 21 through 24, and 33 through 35 of this act constitute a new chapter in Title 43 RCW.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 40. (1) Sections 22 through 24 of this act take effect January 1, 2019.
(2) Sections 19, 25 through 34, and 38 of this act take effect May 15, 2019.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 41. If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 42. If any part of this act is found to be in conflict with federal requirements that are a prescribed condition to the allocation of federal funds to the state, the conflicting part of this act is inoperative solely to the extent of the conflict and with respect to the agencies directly affected, and this finding does not affect the operation of the remainder of this act in its application to the agencies concerned. Rules adopted under this act must meet federal requirements that are a necessary condition to the receipt of federal funds by the state.

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Lifestyle, Health & Fitness
"DRAFT DAY"--MOVIE VERSION--WOW! - Gay Guys! <3
By Brave-Heart , April 11, 2014 in Lifestyle, Health & Fitness
Brave-Heart
WOW! I love being surprised in the movies! I am neither a Kevin Costner or a football fan and only went to see this movie because of the 3 new films opening today this was the closest and most convenient. I now like Kevin Costner who plays the underdog , the general manager of the Cleveland Browns, Sonny Weaver, Jr., and though I still don't like football I did learn what "Draft Day" is and some of how it works.
This is an excellent film about what goes on in the backroom of a big business and there are so many things to talk about the positives so in no particular order, and Costner's performance a given and hoping he is remembered at awards time here we go.
The director, Ivan Reitman, and his director of photography Eric Steelberg, use a split screen technique that is used to a great advantage, in ways I haven't seen before, and not overused. The screenplay, written by Rajiv Joseph and Scott Rothman, is sharp with many funny lines especially one by Jennifer Garner about football players and teams all desiring a piece of jewelry.
The acting from Garner, as Ali, Costner's pregnant girlfriend who is one of the team's financial executives, have two scenes in a storeroom that are very effective. With all the good acting by Ellen Burstyn as his mother, Frank Langella as his boss, Dennis Leary as the coach of the team, along with Josh Callahan, Chadwick, Tom Welling and Arian Foster as football players and pawns in the draft along with real life sports announcers, commissioners and former players add to the believable story and has you think 'it is based on true story, but it isn't.
One outstanding actor, among all these veterans, deserves his own paragraph is Griffin Newman as Rick the new intern for Ali. The writers gave him great lines and the director did a good job but Newman has an innate talent to put these lines over to bring smiles to your face.
Along with a moving love story, relationships stories and the football behind the scenes drama there is also the sparkling shots of the 7 or so cities and their football stadiums, a very neat and clean locker room, that gives a shine to what you know is a 'dirty' business.
Do yourself a favor and go see "Draft Day" that is an excellent film with very few 'special effects' to move it along.
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I was able to snap a few pics this morning before the clouds rolled in of my new tote bags that have arrived in the shop! I am so excited! I have been working on these for a while now and I am so pleased with the way they turned out. Currently they are available in orange, but brown birdies are on their way (probably early next week). There will also be many more designs to come so stay tuned.
I have so many projects on my to do list right know that I am feeling a little overwhelmed, but I guess that is the natural state of someone running their own company with little help. It doesn't help that I see that everyone else has already designed their calenders for 2009. I haven't even started. Shhh, don't tell anyone. I'm going to move it up to the top of the list. It is actually very exciting because I am going to debut 12, yes 12, new designs on the calender. Yay!


text:
Kisvezekény (szlovákul Malé Vozokany) község Szlovákiában, a Nyitrai kerület Aranyosmaróti járásában.

Fekvése
Aranyosmaróttól 9 km-re délre, a Zsitva bal oldali mellékfolyója, a Širočina patak jobb partján fekszik.

Nevének eredete
Neve a besenyő Osli nembeli Vezekény nemzetség nevéből származik, (török: bazakan = dísz, díszecske).

Története
A régészeti leletek tanúsága szerint már a késői kőkorszakban állt emberi település a területén. Az itt talált agyagszobrocskák a matriarchális kultúra tárgyi emlékei.

Vezekényt 1209-ben "Wezeken" alakban II. András oklevelében említik legkorábban. Kisvezekény 1489-ben "Kyswezeken" néven tűnik fel először. Története során több nemesi család birtoka volt, utolsó birtokosai a Bacskády és Botka családok voltak. 1534-ben 10 portája, 1601-ben 23 háza állt. A 17. században a töröknek adózott. 1720-ban 10 adózója volt. 1710-ben Bacskády Pál barokk kastélyt építtetett ide, melyet 1750 körül rokokó stílusban építettek át. 1828-ban 39 házában 265 lakosa volt, akik mezőgazdasággal foglalkoztak, később a közeli nagybirtokokon dolgoztak. 1847-ben a Botka család vásárolta meg és felújíttatta. Ez a család 1904-ben egy másik olasz stílusú kastélyt, az ún. felső kastélyt is építtetett.

Vályi András szerint "Nagy, és Kis Vezekény. Két faluk Bars Várm. Nagy-Vezekénynek földes Ura az Esztergomi Káptalanbéli Uraság, Kis-Vezekénynek pedig Bocskay, és Szmertsnik Uraságok, lakosaik katolikusok, 's más félék is; Kis Vezekény amannak filiája; fekszenek Ar. Maróthoz 1 1/2 mértföldnyire; határbéli földgyeik középszerűek, mint vagyonnyaik."

Fényes Elek szerint "Vezekény (Kis-), Bars m. tót falu, 282 kath. lak. F. u. Bocskay, Szmrtnik, s a t. Ut. p. Verebély."

A trianoni békeszerződésig Bars vármegye Verebélyi járásához tartozott.

Népessége
1880-ban 204 lakosából 172 szlovák és 18 magyar anyanyelvű volt.

1890-ben 193 lakosából 175 szlovák és 15 magyar anyanyelvű volt.

1900-ban 243 lakosából 219 szlovák és 22 magyar anyanyelvű volt.

1910-ben 282 lakosából 184 szlovák, 93 magyar és 5 német anyanyelvű volt.

1921-ben 298 lakosából 278 csehszlovák és 20 magyar volt.

1930-ban 389 lakosából 343 csehszlovák és 44 magyar volt.

1991-ben 305 lakosából 300 szlovák volt.

2001-ben 311 lakosából 308 szlovák és 1 magyar volt.

2011-ben 306 lakosából 286 szlovák és 2 magyar.

Híres emberek
Itt hunyt el 1885. január 6-án Botka Tivadar történetíró, jogtörténész, az MTA tagja.

Nevezetességei
 Szent Anna tiszteletére szentelt római katolikus temploma 1752-ben épült.
 Az alsó kastélyt 1710-ben a Bacskády család építtette barokk stílusban, 40 évvel később rokokó stílusban építették át.
 A felső kastélyt a Botka család építtette 1904-ben, a 17. század francia barokk stílusában. Ma kastélyszállóként működik.
 A családi sírboltban a Botka család hat tagja van eltemetve (az egyik Botka Tivadar ). A család utolsó tagja Teodor von Botka de Széplak et Szánto 1993-ban 105, a 20. század elején festett arcképet adományozott a községnek.

Jegyzetek
Štefan Rakovský a kol. 1969: Zlaté Moravce a okolie. Bratislava, 148.
Bátora, J. - Falkenstein, F. - Hänsel, B. 1995: Praveké a včasnohistorické nálezy z Malých Vozokán. AVANS 1993, 30-31.

Külső hivatkozások
 Községinfó
 Kisvezekény Szlovákia térképén
 A kastélyszálló honlapja
 Travelatlas.sk
 Botka Tivadar rövid életrajza
 E-obce.sk

Kisvezekeny
Bars vármegye települései

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