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Collapse of pedestrian bridge in Mumbai exposes sham of world class city
in India — by Vidyadhar Date —	March 16, 2019
Infrastructure is the catchword of our politicians and bureaucrats. But they are obsessed with creating infrastructure for the upper class, not for common people. The pedestrian bridge collapse in Mumbai last Thursday killing six people and injuring several others underscores the extremely anti-people nature of the Indian State.
But it is not likely to learn any lessons unless massive public pressure is brought on on it. It did not learn any lesson even when over 700 people were killed during the floods of 26 July, 2005 in Mumbai.It completely exposed the talk of converting Mumbai to Shanghai then. But it is less likely to feel guilty now with the death of six people.
Some people are surprised if one says the Indian state commits violence against common people. But now even mainstream media has in the clearest terms dubbed the civic body as the killer in the pedestrian deaths through its extreme negligence.
The main problem is the administration so passionately works for the rich in terms of infrastructure, they are hell bent on the hideously expensive and needless
Projects like the bullet train and building the coastal road in Mumbai when it cannot look after the interests of the most vulnerable sections like pedestrians.
The deep insensitivity of this class was again apparent when I heard Mr Jagan Shah, chief of the National institute of urban affairs during a discussion on a television channel on the craze for the again expensive metro railway projects.
He said these were needed for meeting the aspirations of the people. Similar arguments are made to justify subsidising air and car travel. O.K. But then the question these people should be asking themselves is are we meeting the ordinary aspirations of common people for such basic, simple needs as walking and commuting by bus and train ? There is a criminal failure on this front. It is so obvious yet this class remains extremely obdurate in its insistence of following the wrong priorities.
The municipal corporation in Mumbai is taking advantage of the tolerance of the citizens, observed the chief justice of the Bombay High court Naresh Patil on March 14. The next day the civic body provided a most gruesome demonstration of this inefficiency and callousness when the pedestrian bridge providing a link between the civic headquarters and Chhhatrapati Shivaji rail terminus in the heart of Mumbai collapsed killing six people and injuring several others.
The high court had been repeatedly warning the civic body against its shoddy work of road construction. The judiciary is one institution for which politicians and bureaucrats have some respect and there is always the fear of being sentenced. That the civic body has shown such disregard even for the high court shows the deep rot that has set in in the organisation, once the pride of civic governance in the nation.
Interestingly, Mr Ajoy Mehta, municipal commissioner enjoying the rare privilege of an extension after three years in the plum post, had not faced the media or visited the scene of the mishap, literally next door , several hours after it occurred.
The bridge collapse is like the last straw for ordinary Mumbaikars already groaning under bad conditions for walking and commuting.
Mumbai's lifeline the BEST bus service, once the pride of the nation, has been systematically subverted by the government and the civic body by starving it of funds. By encouraging the influx of motor cars causing unberable traffic jams, the authorities are further crippling the bus service as buses make fewer trips and incur further losses. The vicious circle continues. Mr Mehta constantly insists that BEST must improve its efficiency to get more funds. But it can become efficient only if the government and the civic body allow it to function better. Besides, if the yardstick of efficiency is to be used all civic services will have to be starved of funds as inefficiency is evident all over.
There is little resistance to this grave maladministration from citizens. There is some resistance being offered by a few organisations like an independent voluntary forum of activists called Aamchi Mumbai, Aamchi BEST which is holding protest meetings and bringing out reports and leaflets in a bid to revive the BEST and public transport.. On March 1 it held a public hearing on the BEST crisis before a panel headed by former Mumbai high court judge and human rights champion H. Suresh. It had an overwhelming response from people from all walks of life including slum dwellers and academics. The forum which includes economists, engineers and others has thrown up leadership from different strata of society. Earlier this month a former bus conductor Jagnarayan Gupta made a forceful presentation on behalf of the forum before a very literate, enlightened gathering of Mumbai Collective, a forum for promotion of secularism and inclusiveness at Y.B. Chavan auditorium.
Mumbai is facing a public transport emergency. The city's Municipal Commissioner never tires of talking of the deficits of BEST, the city's public bus service. But the real emergency being faced is the atrocious conditions for travel for the majority of Mumbai's citizens. Since our leaders and bureaucrats keep talking of developed capitalist countries, particularly the US, as their model, it is worth taking a look at some facts regarding that country's public transport. There are both positive and negative lessons to be learnt.
In 2017, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) due to ongoing reliability and crowding problems with mass transit in New York City, especially the subway railway system.
Among developed countries, the US's public transport system is relatively poor, due to the strength of the automobile lobby in the US, and the associated automobile-oriented culture. Nevertheless, the authorities in New York at least had the sense to realise that there was a serious crisis, and they initiated some corrective action. Have the Mumbai authorities ever shown such awareness ?
Mumbai: authorities' conspiracy of silence regarding BEST
In Mumbai, the policy of continued neglect of BEST bus service has led to a state of emergency as far as common people are concerned, they are being left stranded, humiliated. But the government remains unmoved. Adamant is the word used by Mr V. Ranganathan, former municipal commissioner and former chief secretary of the Mahaashtra government, when I met him recently at a seminar organised by the Urban Design Research Institute.
Rahul Mehrotra, Professor of Urban Design and Planning at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, practicing architect, urban designer, and educator, was troubled to hear of the neglect of BEST. Everyone I spoke to at the seminar held at Rachana Sansad architecture institute was very upset with the government's utter neglect of BEST. In fact, there is total silence from the government, though the issue is so important for the city. There seems to be almost a conspiracy of silence.
On January 25, the Marathi daily Loksatta brought out a special supplement on urban transport in Mumbai. Several senior government officials, including Municipal Commissioner Ajoy Mehta and MMRDA commissioner R.A. Rajeev, contributed articles on public transport, but these are all about the Metro, the coastal road, flyovers, and so on. There is not even a reference to bus transport.
The crisis in public transport in the U.S.,one of the richest and powerful countries in the shows what happens when public transport is neglected for years on. As a poor country, we in India should have given priority to public transport from the beginning. But we did the reverse and now we are paying the price. The present situation is worse than an emergency for common people while the rich are having a joy ride in their luxurious cars, in a market where new luxury models are being introduced every now and then.
Mr Ajoy Mehta, who is so vocal about privatization of bus services, needs to note that New York city actually had to take over private bus companies to improve efficiency, as their performance was not satisfactory.
But the campaign against public transport is not restricted to economic and planning measures. It extends to the sphere of publicity and images. Private cars are depicted as dazzling, desirable, a symbol of status. Public transport is depicted as dirty, unfashionable, shameful. This propaganda has now taken even more brazen forms, both in promoting cars and in denigrating buses.
Playground of the rich
The car lobby, in India, represented by the Western India Automobile Association, celebrated its centenary earlier this month with a brazen display of high-powered new car models and motor cycles, making a deafening noise, along with vintage cars at a motor car show at Bandra-Kurla complex, where no ordinary mortal could enter. The entry fee for this display was Rs 300.
Thus while the rich enjoy increased mobility with new models of fast and fancy cars, ordinary people are humiliated and are given little access to public transport. In the same Bandra-Kurla complex, there should be excellent public transport connectivity, since it is a major business and financial centre. But this area has very poor connectivity by public transport, despite being located between the suburban railway stations of Kurla on the Central Railway and Bandra on Western, both of which are focal points for commuters.
The misery of commuters in this area stands in sharp contrast to the ultra-mobility enjoyed by the rich, which was on display at the WIAA show. No one symbolises the culture of hedonism and speed better than Gautam Singhania, who in flamboyant style went around his collection of racing cars at the venue wearing his hat and red T shirt.. He is also known for his unsavoury dispute with his father, Vijaypat, who staged his own display of hedonism some years ago with his solo balloon flights.
And Raymond, the corporate group the car loving Singhania heads, was recently he beneficiary of renewal of the lease of some four acres of prime land by the side of the Powai lake . This land is reserved for a public garden but is now a playground for the rich. The recent renewal of the land by the BMC further demonstrates that the administration is for the rich and the motorists not common people, commuters.
The same ultra-mobile motoring class aided by those in authority have made the poor so immobile. The irony is that car manufacturers project the idea that they are in the business of mobility, as they did at their recent conference at the golf course in Pune. Sure, they have created great mobility for the rich (that too requires constant replenishment in the form of ever more expensive road/bridge/flyover/coastal road projects). But in the process they have reduced the mobility for ordinary people, whose buses now move much slower, and whose walking is now more hazardous as cars impede movement everywhere. This is a fact the car makers will not acknowledge, but the facts are evident and undeniable.
At conferences it is fashionable to talk of 'last mile connectivity', but this talk is dishonest. Take the same Bandra-Kurla complex. Most of the buses numbered 310 from Kurla and BKC to Bandra station (East) are terminated half a km away from Bandra station, at the Bandra court near the highway. Commuters then have to walk in the most inhospitable environment. This mocks commuters and it shows the extreme callousness of the authorities in managing public transport.
Ironically, as I saw very clearly recently, the much more expensive electric, air conditioned buses for BKC run utterly empty. These buses are taken right up to the station, while ordinary commuters are forced to get down earlier and walk through the extremely crowded, dirty and obstacle-filled road. No point in blaming Behrampada and other localities. The authorities can definitely improve things, given the will to do so. Why on earth can they not take a part of the railway land to widen the road? But the whole idea is to make money out of public land.
Besides, it is really a shame that bus commuters waiting at bus stops outside Bandra east station are forced to stand next to the dirty and stench-filled nalla. Such sights at bus stops further drive away commuters from public transport, and they would rather take a share-auto.
If they cleaned up the area, every one would benefit. It is amazing that this is not done even in the vicinity of the Shiv Sena chief's residence and the MMRDA office. But clearly neither the Shiv Sena chief nor the head of the MMRDA travels by bus.
Deliberate humiliation
Now there is a move to even further humiliate the bus service and its users, and associate buses in people's mind with filth. A Shiv Sena corporator has proposed to the civic body that old BEST buses be used as mobile toilets, ostensibly for use of commuters caught in traffic jams.
This supposedly innocent proposal is not so innocent, but is a calculated insult. The idea is to downgrade, ridicule public transport. (Perhaps it is because the BEST workers rejected the Shiv Sena's leadership during the recent strike?) Recall that the municipal corporation has an appalling record regarding its basic duty to provide public urinals and latrines to citizens all over the metropolis. And suddenly they trot out the excuse of commuters caught in traffic jams needing mobile toilets. The jams are actually caused by the government's own policy of promoting cars, which lord over roads and grab most of the space.
So the move should be seen as a deliberate affront to people. This became even more obvious when one heard a speakers at a symposium on sanitation organized by the Urban Design Research Institute at Rachana Sansad architecture college in Mumbai on February 14. One heard appalling stories about civic insanitation, and these came not from activists whom the government is quick to condemn as negative in outlook. These came from highly placed people working in organisations like Tata Trusts and Aga Khan Trust. So, the municipal corporation is extremely inefficient in sanitation, and particularly waste disposal, as seen from repeated strictures passed against it by the courts.
The anti-BEST move would further lower the image of the once-reputed public service organization. This in sharp contrast to the constant image building of cars done by the automobile lobby, extolling cars for their design, for giving freedom and status. The aesthetic of cars is constantly extolled, as captured by the title of a book by Stephen Bayley, a prominent art critic and a defender of colonialism, "Cars – freedom, style, sex, power, motion, colour, everything."
So the BMC wants to spend over Rs 12,000 crore on the coastal road and to add that make it toll free for motorists and further reward them with free parking by building car parks at a huge cost in south Mumbai causing further disruption during construction and robbing people of public space. The ignorance and inefficiency of a section of the bureaucratic and political class is appalling. In all developed countries the drive now is to reduce facilities for car parking as it has been realised that the monster of the car has to be checked. They have understood the seriousness while our officials are pandering to the car lobby.
The collapsed pedestrian bridge is a few feet away from the historic Times of India building where I worked for 36 long years from 1968.. One reason I held on for so many years there was it was so reachable by public transport. One could simply cross the road from CST station to Times of India. Often I used to accompany the resident editor Darryl D'Monte, an activist for public transport. Though he is from a big land owning family in Bandra, he insisted on taking the harbour branch train from Bandra to CST to reach Times of India. There was no bridge in those days nor the hot and stuffy underpass which came up some years after the bridge. The bridge had been opposed by activists in those days for being anti-hertiage and ugly and Busybee, the popular humourist, Behram Contractor, had opposed the underpass for being unfriendly to pedestrians like the bridge.
Public memory is short. A pedestrian bridge had come up outside Churchgate station in the seventies and was demolished a few years later following opposition since it was so anti pedestrian.
Dr S.K. Modak, transport economist and former principal of Sydenham and Elphinsone colleges, had made out a strong case against the bridge making calculations of extra energy and time spent by pedestrians who were being penalised for the benefit of a few cars and motorists.
There is clearly a serious need for popular resistance by all sections. And as economics writer Prof Sanjeev Chandorkar of Tata Institute of social sciences pointed out professionals have also failed us as in the case of those who carried out the structural audit of the now collapsed bridge and declared that it only needed minor repairs and was not unsafe.
And look at a new breed of so-called journalists. A couple of radio jockeys, looking very self important, blamed pedestrians for road deaths at a recent media interaction with officials of the motor vehicles department.
So, there is no alternative to a mass popular resistance since the political and bureaucratic class is failing us badly. As Rahul Mehrotra, architect pointed out some time ago we lost the mill lands because the civil society did not wake up in time. It is time for us to wake at least now so that further damage can be halted.
Vidyadhar Date is a senior journalist and author of a book seeking a more democratic urban environment and transport
Vijay says:
X members are missing. Corporations are escaping. Design is faulty. Heck list and steel standards are faulty on purpose. The heads of the heads as mspc MPS ओफ़्फ़िकेरस IAS must to serve long prison sentan es. They are controlling officer who look the other way.
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Originally from Burgundy (France), Chardonnay is one of the most established varieties in the world (Australia, California, Spain, Chile, Italy, France ...) for its great adaptation capacity. Aromatic, unctuous and complex, it acquires the characteristics of the area where is planted. This tasting is a challenge to discover the origin of the wines doing a blind tasting.
We will do a blind tasting with Chardonnay wines.


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London Youth Games
#WeAreNotSpectators - sport supporting Londoners in lockdown
London Youth Games launched a Virtual Games to promote activity and engage young Londoners in sport.
Each year approximately 15,000 children and young people from London take part in the London Youth Games.
The Games act as a springboard for many of London's top sporting talents with London Youth Games' star-studded alumni includes Dina Asher Smith, Mo Farah, Raheem Sterling, Bradley Wiggins and David Weir.
With the London Youth Games unable to deliver its usual Games programme due to the covid-19 pandemic, the decision was made to turn the Games virtual.
The London Youth Games Virtual Games was a four-week competition giving children and young people from London the chance to represent their borough in a series of sport related challenges that could be done at home, at school or while out for daily exercise.
Three weekly challenges were released every Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 9am on the London Youth Games website and social media channels.
"At London Youth Games we have seen how sport can improve both physical and mental well-being whilst bringing people from many different backgrounds together.
"We wanted to put on the Virtual Games to help young people through this difficult time, enabling young people from whatever background to be active, compete against others and to represent their borough," London Youth Games CEO Andy Dalby-Welsh.
Here's the final Top 🔟 after Week Four!
You can view the final standings here ⬇https://t.co/kUfGmuhJgL#VirtualGames 🏆 #ThisIsLYG pic.twitter.com/9KZSG04nis
— London Youth Games (@LdnYouthGames) July 4, 2020
Participants were given until Friday at midday to complete the challenges and submit their scores.
All the challenges related to a London Youth Games sport and were set by young Londoners with a connection to the Games.
The Virtual Games was open to all children and young people from London, who competed across the twelve different challenges to earn points for their boroughs.
All the challenges came with suggested adaptations for space, equipment and ability to ensure they are as inclusive as possible.
A leaderboard with the latest borough standings was updated every week, and after the final challenge, Camden was crowned the winning borough and the first ever LYG Virtual Games champions.
Among many others, challenges were set by sisters Izzy and Elly from Ealing's netball team, cross country runners Ricky and Dominique from Sutton, Badminton player Aaron from Lewisham, Chukwudi from LYG winning Haringey Hawks Basketball team and Freya from the London Titans Wheelchair Basketball team to name a few.
The final week recorded the highest participation numbers, with 15,221 entries.
In total, across all 13 challenges, the Virtual Games attracted an incredible 40,522 entries, with engagement from all 33 boroughs.
The London Youth Games Virtual Games has proved a huge success with young Londoners across the capital.
Return to the We Are Not Spectators Hub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Piperine is an alkaloid responsible for the taste and fl avor of pepper. In pure form it exists as a yellow to pale-yellow crystal, with a burning taste and pungent order. It is found naturally in plants in the Piperaceae family, particularly Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Piper longum (Indian long pepper). Piper nigrum is a perennial woody vine that grows to approximately 30 feet. It produces spikelike flowers that hold berries called peppercorns.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777 1851) isolated piperine from black pepper in 1819 and published his findings in 1820. Oersted extracted a resin from pepper plants with alcohol, formed a soluble saltby adding hydrochloric acid with alcohol, and then separated piperine from solution by precipitation and distillation. In 1882, Leopold Rügheimer (1850 1917) synthesized piperine from piperinic acid chloride and piperidine. The complete synthesis of piperine was reported in 1894 by Albert Ladenburg (1842 1911) and M. Scholtz. Ladenburg and Scholtz used piperonal (C8H6O3) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to produce piperinic acid (C12H10O4), which was then reacted with thionyl chloride (COCl2) and piperidine (C5H11N) to produce piperine.
Piperine is used in granular formulations as a pesticide against small animals such as dogs, cats, skunks, raccoons, and squirrels. Piperine pesticides are nontoxic and operate as a repellant when animals smell or test them. Piperine is also incorporated with other compounds to make insecticides; it is effective against houseflies, lice, and various other pests.
Piperine has been used medicinally for thousands of years and this continues today. It is used to treat asthma and chronic bronchitis. It also has putative analgesic and antiinfl ammatory properties that stem from its antioxidant properties. Research is examining the use of piperine in treating malaria. Antiepilepsirine is a derivative of piperine that is used to treat different types of epilepsy, especially in China. A current area of interest is the efficacy of piperine in increasing the bioavailability of certain nutrients and drugs. It is thought to possibly aid digestion and increase the absorption in the digestive tract of numerous drugs used as cancer treatments, antihistamines, steroidal inflammation reducers, and antibiotics.
The alkaloid which gives pepper its spiciness, and has been used as an organic insecticide.
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.


At St. Thomas, we don't want the need for a ride to prevent anyone from attending services. Our transportation committee for Pastoral Care has had inquiries about transportation ranging from an occasional ride to church to doctor's appointments, to extended needs covering months of treatments or rehabilitation.
Call Phil Childress to help in this ministry, or contact the parish office at 913-451-0512 for more information.


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Greek Tourism Minister Assures Britain that Pandemic Under Control
Athens, Greece, January 2, 2021 / TRAVELINDEX / Greece's Tourism Minister Haris Theocharis has said the country is trying to do everything possible to ensure that the country remains an attractive tourist destination with a low rate of coronavirus infections. Talking to BBC Radio he said that the country's measures to control the pandemic has proved to be successful.
"We're taking specific targeted measures where we see specific concentrations of cases," Theocharis told Radio 4's "Today" program.
He went on to note that coronavirus cases in Greece remain far below the European Union average in proportional terms and the UK threshold of 20 cases per 100,000 residents per week, above which British authorities impose restrictions.
The Greek minister said health authorities were introducing targeted measures in areas where there is a higher concentration of cases while also conducting comprehensive tracking. Greece ranks fifth in Europe in terms of the number of Covid-19 tests, he added.
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Como, Italy, May 25, 2018 – This weekend the Genesis Essentia Concept will make its Summer 2018 concours debut at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este. The car will take part in the concours parade on Saturday, May 26th as well as the celebration at Villa Erba on Sunday, May 27th.
The all-electric, high-performance coupe will compete for the "Design Award for Concept Cars and Prototypes," a public referendum-based contest.
The Essentia Concept, unveiled in March at the New York International Auto Show, elevates and reimagines Genesis' "Athletic Elegance" design paradigm, while providing a vision of future product performance and technology.
Essentia is the brand's first battery electric vehicle and features a lightweight carbon-fiber monocoque, multi-motor electric powertrain and a custom-tailored interior. Essentia is also the brand's initial vision for a true GT car. With an estimated 0-to-60 time of 3.0 seconds, Essentia brings sports car-level performance to the realm of electric luxury coupes.


A new memorial fund seeks to raise $1 million to honor the life and legacy of Hawaii visionary, Guy Toyama. Sustainability grants and scholarships will foster positive change worldwide.
The Guy Toyama Memorial Fund seeks to advance innovation and entrepreneurship in areas of environmentally sound practices in Hawaii and around the world.
The Fund will provide scholarships for students interested in sustainability and entrepreneurship. In addition, the fund will provide grants for non-profit projects focused on innovation and sustainability integration. The fund will create positive outcomes for future generations through disciplines such as renewable energy, local food production, and waste reduction.
Guy Toyama, a Hawaii visionary and champion of sustainable business and renewable energy, passed away in November of 2012. In honor of his longstanding commitment to improving the relationship between people and the islands, his never-ending spirit of kuleana will be carried on through the Guy Toyama Memorial Fund.
All who knew Guy were touched by his enthusiasm for life and his many passions. His joyful exuberance and his exceptional knowledge of how to live lightly on the planet were a source of inspiration to many. This memorial fund, made possible by donations from friends, family, and businesses, furthers Guy's global vision for a better future.
"Guy's gift of generosity and his passion for positive social and environmental change were contagious. The memorial fund celebrates his enthusiasm and his unending dedication to the community," said Debbie Baker, President of the Kona-Kohala Chamber of Commerce.
The late Guy Toyama shows off his award winning Abalone Poke.
Initially, the fund will focus on Hawaii Island and the state of Hawaii. Donor support may allow the fund to expand its efforts globally. A fundraising pau hana kickoff event for the fund is planned for Friday April 26, 2013 from 4:00pm – 7:00pm at the Gateway Energy Center near the entrance of the Natural Energy Laboratory Hawaii Authority (NELHA).
"Guy lived his life with a deep sense of kuleana, and he treated everyone with aloha. He made everyone he touched believe that we can solve our problems and live and work in harmony with each other and nature," said Walter Kunitake, President of the Kona Japanese Civic Association.
Friends of the Future, a Hawaii 501(c)3 non-profit organization, is accepting contributions to the Fund. Checks should be made payable to Friends of the Future, include "Guy Toyama Memorial Fund" in the memo line, and be mailed to Friends of the Future, PO Box 2655, Kamuela, HI 96743. Visit www.fofhawaii.org and click on the DONATE link to contribute online using PayPal or a credit card. Include "Guy Toyama Memorial Fund" in the "note to seller" field when you review the PayPal transaction. Requests for additional information can be addressed to info@guytoyamafund.org.


The Universe was aligned just right so that the We Are Change website was knocked down for around 36 hours. This was all due to the combination of a massive network meltdown during a routine server software update, yes, very bad timing. But wait, that's not all! This all, of course, all happened as an apparent script kiddie was attempting to DDos the website, and just my luck, this all had to happen on the night before I was going to be away from a computer for three days. Anyway, I noticed the problem early enough that I was equipped to tackle the issue while I was away and after many hours of blind troubleshooting with my hands tied, I, along with the help of the server tech support, were able to narrow down the problem and resolve it as quick as we could.
I just wanted to thank you for being patient and can gladly confirm that it was just a random mix of glitch's in the Matrix. You'd be surprised on how much it takes to run a website that gets as much traffic as We Are Change does. There are thousands of complicated configuration settings and variables that need to be just right to ensure that the website is functional, secure and fast. One wrong setting can cause crippling effects and send you down a rabbit hole of zeros, ones and a constant flood of coffee and e-mail.
Regardless, all of the time and work put into this website are, of course, gladly donated to benefit the greater good that We Are Change actively participates in. We Are Change represents a bulletproof idea of being the change you wish to see in the world, that inspires so many all around the globe, including myself. Unfortunately, there are costs that are unavoidable and necessary to keep this site operating correctly. Please take a moment to check out the new items in the We Are Change Store, and if you like what you see, please make a purchase. You can also make a Donation if you'd like to We Are Change. Your purchase or contribution will both help fund what We Are Change is doing and will be a tremendous help to ensure that we are able to continue doing it for a long, long time.


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Braves' Acuna, Snitker finalists for end-of-season awards
Credit: Curtis Compton
Atlanta Braves left fielder Ronald Acuna celebrates after hitting a grand slam home run in the dugout in the second inning against the Los Angeles Dodgers in Game 3 of a National League Division Series baseball game Sunday, October 7, 2018, in Atlanta. Curtis Compton/ccompton@ajc.com
By Chris Vivlamore, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
No surprise.
The Braves had two finalists for major end-of-season awards in Ronald Acuna and Brian Snitker after the team's impressive 90-win season and National League East title.
Acuna is one of three finalists for the National League Rookie of the Year award, it was announced Monday night. Acuna joins the Dodgers' Walker Buehler and the Nationals' Juan Soto for the major rookie award given by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. The winner will be announced next Monday.
Since moving to Atlanta in 1966, the Braves have featured some of the league's top rookies ... Catcher Earl Williams (1971) Third baseman Bob Horner (1978) Outfielder David Justice (1990) Shortstop Rafael Furcal (2000) Relief pitcher Craig Kimbrel (2011) Outfielder Ronald Acuna (2018)
Acuna has already won the Rookie of the Year award by Baseball Digest and The Sporting News. Acuna hit .293 with 26 home runs after the left fielder was called up by the Braves in April.
Snitker was named a finalist for NL Manager of the Year. He was joined by the Rockies' Bud Black and the Brewers' Craig Counsell. The winner will be announced next Tuesday.
Snitker has served in many roles in the Braves organization since 1977. He was named interim manager in 2016 and full-time manager in 2017. Following this season, Snitker was rewarded with a new contract.
The Braves did not have any finalists for MVP or the Cy Young Award. First baseman Freddie Freeman was a potential MVP candidate.
Chris Vivlamore
Chris Vivlamore is the sports editor at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He has served as reporter and editor at the AJC since 2003.
While we all wait: Baseball teams, union both make concessions in labor impasse
Andruw Jones gains votes, remains far short of Hall of Fame
World Series trophy tour gives fans a chance to pose with history


text:
Q: SSL Connection Error with Swift I am frustrated with this new error that I cannot somehow figure out.
NSURLSession/NSURLConnection HTTP load failed (kCFStreamErrorDomainSSL, -9800)
HTTP load failed (error code: -1200 [3:-9800])
Optional("An SSL error has occurred and a secure connection to the server cannot be made.")

Below is the info.plist
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>

I have configured godaddy ssl in tomcat and only allowed tls1.2+ in httpd. I do not see why I am getting this error. Please help me figure out this problem and understand why this happens.
When I do nscurl --ats-diagnostics https://myserver:port#, I get
---
TLSv1.3 with PFS disabled and insecure HTTP allowed
2018-05-14 23:15:07.512 nscurl[36044:8746632] NSURLSession/NSURLConnection HTTP load failed (kCFStreamErrorDomainSSL, -9800)
Result : FAIL
---

If I figure this out, I think everything else will work. If you know anything about this, please help me out.
I do not want to add arbitrary load. I do not have a proper reason for this, but many posts say that this is a temporary solution that has bad impacts on security.
If more information is needed, please leave a comment.
Thank you for your time and help.

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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
    <string>en</string>
    <key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
    <string>SOMETHING</string>
    <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
    <string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
    <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
    <string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
    <key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
    <string>6.0</string>
    <key>CFBundleName</key>
    <string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
    <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
    <string>APPL</string>
    <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
    <string>1.0</string>
    <key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
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        <dict>
            <key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
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                <string>fb1787966001498993</string>
            </array>
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    </array>
    <key>FacebookAppID</key>
    <string>1787966001498993</string>
    <key>FacebookDisplayName</key>
    <string>MathMatch</string>
    <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
    <string>1</string>
    <key>LSRequiresIPhoneOS</key>
    <true/>
    <key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
    <key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
    <string></string>
    <key>UIAppFonts</key>
    <array>
        <string>Brandon_bld.otf</string>
        <string>NotoSans-Regular.ttf</string>
        <string>DINPro_Regular.ttf</string>
    </array>
    <key>UIBackgroundModes</key>
    <array>
        <string>remote-notification</string>
    </array>
    <key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
    <string>LaunchScreen</string>
    <key>UIMainStoryboardFile</key>
    <string>Main</string>
    <key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
    <array>
        <string>armv7</string>
    </array>
    <key>UIRequiresFullScreen</key>
    <true/>
    <key>UIStatusBarHidden</key>
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    <key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
    <array>
        <string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
    </array>
    <key>UIViewControllerBasedStatusBarAppearance</key>
    <false/>
</dict>
</plist>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Counting coils on a tension spring is the same as counting coils on a compression spring. The type of ends on a spring will make no difference to the number of coils.
How spring loads work within a tension spring. If too much weight is applied to the spring it will no longer contract, therefore breaking the spring.
How to measure the length of a tension spring.
How to measure the diameters of a tension spring.


This is the main page for embroidery and related craftwork.
I enjoy passing on my knowledge, experience and enthusiasm, so if are looking for help, advice or just inspiration, you are welcome to ask me.
You might like to start by reading the article Ten Rules of Happy Stitching — and how to break most of them. This article isn't about any specific style or type of embroidery, more about approach, attitude, useful general advice and to some extent a 'philosphy of embroidery'.


This semester long certificate will cover the fundamentals of business communications, sales management, marketing research, planning and brand management.
On completion of the course you will be able to identify the processes involved in the development of a marketing strategy such as market segmentation, targeting and positioning.
After this certificate, you can progress on to a career in Sales or Marketing in SMEs or multinational organisations. Students who would like to further their academic careers can choose to continue their studies through our Bachelor of Business degree. Students would be exempted from any modules completed within their certificate.


Being a California girl, means I love the beach. So when launching this monthly segment on Sleeper Scarf style, "Beachy" was the first style I wanted to showcase. Having grown up in Minnesota, I don't take for granted the fact that I can pretty much head to the beach year round. Sure, here in San Francisco we are notorious for foggy days, so I always like to dress in layers and that means rockin' my Sleeper Scarf whenever possible. Simply take out the inflatable neck pillow and it wears as an everyday scarf.
When looking to perfect this months "beachy" look, I decided to pair my grey Sleeper Scarf with a simple white tank top, jean shorts with lace detailing, a knit wrap and a lightweight fedora. Voila! I was ready to hit the beach. This look would work seamlessly whether you're in California like myself, or visiting other beachy destinations. So, the next time you need a great layering piece and you're headed to the beach, keep Sleeper Scarf in mind.


text:
REMEMBRANCE: A SPECIAL PRESENTATION
In commemoration of Remembrance Day there will be a special feature on this blog honouring the Allied forces of World War II, in particular the Polish Armed Forces. Beginning on November 1st, daily posts will summarize some of the major battles of World War II and the role of Polish troops in each battle. So little has ever been said about Poland's sacrifices during the War, less still of her contributions to the Allied war effort. It is a tragedy that Poland, the 4th largest Ally in WW2 has been virtually overlooked by the world.
Each nation honours its own heroes and veterans, and rightly so. But World War Two was fought and won through the collaboration of many Allied nations. Our respect must extend to all our Allies. They are not just a few: Great Britain, United States, Poland, Free France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, The Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, India, Czechoslovakia, Mexico, Brazil, Ethiopia, Union of South Africa,the Philippine Commonwealth and Yugoslavia.
We owe an enormous debt of gratitude and deepest respect to all men and women of the Allied Armed Forces for their Sacrifices. They fought for our Freedom and that of future generations.
THEY WILL NEVER NEVER NEVER BE FORGOTTEN.
Polish Greatness.com
Posted by Polish Greatness at 7:00 AM No comments:
Labels: Remembrance Day
Famous Polish PZL 37 Los and P11 and the Polish Aces Who Flew Them
I had wanted to include videos with my previous post entitled "Media and Propaganda: The Polish Air Force in September 1939". I recently came across this video which I would like to share with all of you. It is quite exceptional and features the famous PZL 37 Los, and the P.11 which was part of the Pursuit Brigade, the jewels of the Polish fleet. The caption indicates that the film was made in the pre-war years of 1937 and 1938. But according to the keen observation of one of the viewers, who posted a comment, it actually took place during the September Campaign. (In some of the video frames, the planes were on the airfield at Okęcie). Although the Polish Air Force was devastated by the German Luftwaffe, not enough can be said about the bravery and skill of Polish Aces in downing a phenomenal number of German aircraft.
I spent some time browsing the web and came up with some interesting and little-known facts about the Polish Air Force during September 1939:
From September 1 to September 6, 1939 Polish Fighter pilots shot down a total of 47 German aircraft.
During the month of September 1939, Polish pilots shot down a total of 285 German aircraft, comprised of 63 reconnaissance planes, 67 Messerschmidt bf109s, 12 Messerschmidt bf110s, 78 Heinkel and Dornier planes, 31 Stuka (Ju87) dive bombers, 12 transport planes, and 22 of other types of planes. (These figures do not include ground-to-air kills, which totaled 87)
In addition there were over 270 German planes that were damaged by Polish fire.
The following information was obtained from Polish Fighter Aces of World War 2, By the authors own admission the list is not exhaustive. It also includes Polish Aces from the Battle of Britain and other WW2 battles: I have mentioned only two of them as the focus of this blog is the September Campaign.
Jan Falkowski, Ace Pilot made 9 kills. While flying a PWS-26 biplane aerobatics trainer, Falkowski was attacked by several Bf 109s. He was able to take evasive action, thanks to the ease of his plane's maneuverability. It resulted in one of the German planes crashing to the ground, and the others, unable to catch him, gave up. (Falkowski was shot down over Holland on March 9, 1945, but managed to escape capture.)
Stanislaw Brzeski, Ace Pilot made 8.5 kills. On September 3, 1939, Brzeski shot down a German observation balloon.(He was shot down by German flak on May 21, 1944 and spent the rest of the war as a German POW.)
Another website I think is superb is Polish WW2 Fighter Aces, which provides a long list of the names of Polish Aces, including their Military rank, followed by Confirmed Victories, Probable Victories, and Damaged Enemy Planes. I have listed only a few of them here: (they refer only to air-to air combat). The definition of an Ace was a pilot who had achieved a minimum of five (5) Confirmed victories in air to air combat. Poland had more than 40 Ace Pilots.
Major Skalski Stanislaw 21 ---- 1 ---- 4 and 1/3 . He made a total of 321 sorties in WW2, fought over Poland in 1939, over England between 1940 and 1945, in Western Europe, Mediterranean, and North Africa.
Major - Pisarek M. 12 ---- 1 ---- 2 In September 1939 he downed two German planes and damaged one more. (He was killed in 1942 over France.)
Podpulkownik - Gabszewicz A. 9 and 1/2 ---- 1 and 1/3 ---- 3. In the September Campaign 1939 he downed one of the first German planes.
I highly recommend the following websites for interesting information about Polish Aces and the September Campaign in 1939:
Polish Aces of WW2
Polish Aviation Legends
German (Air) Attack on Poland-September 1939
If you would like to do some research on this subject, may I suggest that you first review my blog "Polish Air Force 1939: The Order of Battle" which provides the complete list of Polish squadrons mobilized during the September Campaign.
Administrator, Polish Greatness.com
Labels: Polish Aces, PZL 37 Los, PZL P.11
Media and Propaganda: The Polish Air Force in September 1939
One of the most pervasive myths about Poland is that the entire Polish Air Force was completely destroyed on the ground by German bombers on September 1st, 1939. Many people still believe this is true despite historical evidence to the contrary. How these myths got started is not the subject of this blog. My attention is focused on the media as the main culprit for the spread of these lies, rather propaganda, about Poland. The mass marketing of misinformation, irresponsible reporting, failure to verify facts and sources and the dissemination of half-truths are the trademarks propagandists. That and a huge dose of anti-Polonism has been at work sullying the minds of many people.
I have researched the internet for articles about the Polish Air Force and came across the History Channel among many other sources. I was quite curious to know what such a prestigious network had written on the subject. I expected their articles to be top notch and a source of factual information, but instead they are mired with generalizations, lies, and conjecture. For example, History Channel wrote that the German Luftwaffe"...quickly established air supremacy by attacking and destroying the Polish air force in the air and on the ground." Without question, the Luftwaffe was superior, however, the Polish Air Force was not wiped out as the writers of History Channel would have you believe.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-invade-poland.html
Incidentally, the same article alleges that "Polish commanders even sent horsed cavalry into battle against the heavy German armor." (This is another lie propagated by the Germans which I wrote about in one of my blogs entitled "The Myth About Polish Cavalry in World War II"). Another article from History Channel claims that the German air force "quickly established air supremacy by attacking and destroying the Polish air force in the air and on the ground." http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/explore-history/ww2/poland.html What makes propaganda so credible to many people is that the lies are heavily padded with truthful statements. It is true that the German air force established air supremacy immediately, but it is not true that the entire Polish Air Force was destroyed on the ground.
PBS is also guilty of passing the buck. While I did not find anything about the Polish Air Force, one of their articles made an incorrect assumption. While I cannot accuse them of "blasphemy" it is nonetheless careless journalistic reporting, which I regard with the same contempt as propaganda. In one of their articles entitled "Fighting with the Allies –Remembering Polish Fighters" they wrote, "With only minimal help from Poland's allies, France and Great Britain, and with most of his forces fighting the Germans, Poland's commander-in-chief Marshal Edward Smigly-Rydz ordered his soldiers in eastern Poland to withdraw south into Romania.... ". Minimal help? As a matter of fact Poland had no help whatsoever from England and France but only empty promises.
A brief foray into the website of the BBC was also disappointing and did not restore my trust in the media. Without a doubt the BBC has had an excellent reputation for news reporting but they have not been vigilant in reviewing articles posted on their website. In their series called World Wars In-Depth: Countdown to World WWII, an article written by Mark Fielder (dated September 8, 2010) stated the following about the Invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939: "However, nothing happened until about 9.00 am when the capital [Warsaw] was attacked with both incendiary and high explosive bombs. Fighters from the Polish Air Force intercepted the German raiders and there were several dog-fights over the city." Finally, a statement that clearly acknowledges that Polish pilots were indeed engaged in combat with the Luftwaffe and that the Polish Air Force was not wiped out.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/countdown_390901_fri_01.shtml
But surprisingly on the very same website the BBC provides a link to another article, written by Bradley Lightbody, also dated September 8, 2010, that is almost similar to that of Fielder but with one conspicuous difference. The paragraph reads as follows: "At 6 am on 1 September Warsaw was struck by the first of a succession of bombing raids, while two major German army groups invaded Poland from Prussia in the north and Slovakia in the south. Air supremacy was achieved on the first day, after most of Poland's air force was caught on the ground...."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/invasion_poland_01.shtml
I am baffled how the BBC managed to overlook this glaring contradiction. But what I find most disturbing is that Bradley Lightbody is the Head of the History Department in a college in the UK. (Dewsbury College, West Yorkshire). People like Lightbody wield enormous influence over others and are capable doling out their personal biases under the guise of education.
First and foremost on his suggested reading list is his own book, entitled The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis (Routledge, 2004) He also recommends The Second World War: The Gathering Storm by Winston Churchill (Cassell, 1950). This is a six volume treatise which Churchill already planned to write before the war was even over. (I managed to get my hands on one of the volumes when I was doing research for my website Polish Greatness.) I scoured the index for any mention about Poland. Barely a snippet was found. I read that after the war, Churchill had declared that, "History will be kind to me for I intend to write it." No greater truth had ever been told.
Many educators, journalists, historians and researchers refer to these volumes under the mistaken notion that they are comprehensive sources for information about World War II. Rather than go into a tangent suffice it to say that the "Churchillian" method of writing is very biased and stems from his idealized or romanticized notion of Great Britain. Admittedly Churchill was a great statesman and patriot, but not a historian.
I haven't read the other books on Lightbody's list, but I suppose I should just to rule out any of my suspicions. If you have read any of them and have comments to make either supporting or refuting my assertions, please do not hesitate to make your opinions known. I welcome them all.
The other books are:
How the War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second World War 1938-1939
by Donald Cameron Watt (Heinemann, 1989)
The Road to War
by Richard Overy with Richard Wheatcroft (MacMillan, 1989
by Martin Gilbert (Phoenix, 1989)
Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk
by Len Deighton (Jonathan Cape, 1979)
Even the CBC website did not provide the information I was looking for. Their online archives consist only of radio broadcasts which reported on major developments during the war. Another website, Love, Hate and Propaganda (a CBC documentary) printed nothing online about World War II propaganda. However their online video, promoting the 6 part series on the subject, may or may not contain the information I am looking for. I would probably have to purchase the boxed gift set in order to find out.
I had to dig very deep to find something about the Polish Air Force on the website of CNN. They deemed Poland worthy of only eight words, that the Germans were "decimating the Polish air force on the ground." http://www.worldwar-2.net/timelines/war-in-europe/eastern-europe/eastern-europe-index-1939.htm (This is a segment of "Education with the news" made available by CNN to students.)
There is no doubt that the Polish Air Force was vastly outnumbered and outclassed by the German Luftwaffe, but it must be emphasized that the Polish fleet was not decimated as the Nazis claimed. Incidentally, I have also watched a fair number of You Tube videos. One in particular is a German propaganda film which the British media used in their documentary about the invasion of Poland and thought fit to upload on You Tube. The narrator made the usual, though incorrect assumption, that the Polish Air Force was decimated on the first day of attack. Meanwhile, the video shows German bombers destroying Polish planes on the airfield. Most people would believe the lies because they have seen "proof". What they have seen is only propaganda film. There is more to the story than what can be seen.
These revelations prompt me to scrutinize more carefully any reports I read or hear about coming from "respected" news peddlers. Although the media often congratulate themselves for being staunch defenders of the truth, one cannot assume that they are right all of the time. Whether through neglect or sheer ignorance and stupidity, the media has become a carrier for propaganda.
I hold fast to one simple premise: propaganda can no more stand the truth, than the darkness the light of day. The only way to destroy propaganda is to dismantle it piece by piece with historical facts. And with this in mind, I have gathered some information about the Polish Air Force that will shed more than a little light.
In the months preceding the September invasion, entire fleets of Polish squadrons were deployed throughout the countryside in a mass mobilization from March to August 1939. Each of the squadrons was assigned to act as support to the Air Force Command of various Polish armies.
Because of the volume of this blog I have had to split it into more manageable proportions. This blog continues, as follows:
The Polish Air Force 1939 The Order of Battle
Polish Aircraft in Active Service September 1939
Posted by Polish Greatness at 8:41 PM 2 comments:
Labels: Anti-Polish Propaganda, Polish Air Force, Winston Churchill
Polish Air Force 1939 The Order of Battle
In the months preceding the September invasion, entire fleets of Polish squadrons were deployed throughout the countryside in a mass mobilization from March to August 1939. Each of the squadrons were assigned to act as support for the Air Force Command of various Polish Armies.
The Order of Battle of the Polish Air Force represents the pre-war structure of the squadrons. With the exception of two air brigades, the structure is the same. Without going into detail of each one, I would just like to list them if only to demonstrate the official organization of the Polish Air Force.
The Polish Air Force was divided according to the following units: Each escadrille was identified by its name and number according to the tasks it was assigned to do.
Air Regiment consisting of 4 squadrons or 8 escadrilles.
Air Squadron (2 escadrilles)
Air Escadrille ( 8 to 12 planes)
Bombing escadrille
Fighter escadrille
Observation escadrille
Reconnaissance escadrille
Staff escadrille
Though the Polish Squadrons were few in numbers, they were highly organized as can be seen by the following units:
Communications platoon No. 1 (Pluton łącznikowy nr 1)
Polish 16th Observation Escadrille
PURSUIT BRIGADE
Polish 1st Fighter Squadron of the 3rd Air Regiment (III/1. Dywizjon Myśliwski)
Polish 111th Fighter Escadrille (111 Eskadra Myśliwska)
Polish 1st Fighter Squadron of the 4th Air Regiment(IV/1 Dywizjon Myśliwski)
Polish 123rd Fighter Escadrille (123 Eskadra Myśliwska)
BOMBER BRIGADE
Polish 10th Bomber Squadron (X Dywizjon Bombowy)
Polish 211th Bomber Escadrille(211. Eskadra Bombowa
Polish 212th Bomber Escadrille((212. Eskadra Bombowa)
Polish 15th Bomber Squadron (XV Dywizjon Bombowy)
Polish 216th Bomber Escadrille (216. Eskadra Bombowa)
Polish 2nd Bomber Squadron (II Dywizjon Bombowy)
Polish 21st Bomber Escadrille (21. Eskadra Bombowa)
Polish 22nd Bomber Escadrille (22. Eskadra Bombowa)
Polish 6th Bomber Squadron (VI Dywizjon Bombowy)
Polish 64th Bomber Escadrille (64. Eskadra Bombowa)
Polish 55th Independent Bomber Escadrille (55. Samodzielna Eskadra Bombowa)
Communications platoon No. 12 (Pluton łącznikowy nr 12)
ARMY AVIATION
These squadrons provided essential support to army land units. Altogether the Polish Army had 288 planes including 246 fighter aircraft and 42 support planes.
AVIATION OF THE MODLIN ARMY
Polish 41st Reconnaissance Escadrille (41. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)III/5.
Fighter Squadron (III/5. Dywizjon Myśliwski)
Polish 152nd Fighter Escadrille (152. Eskadra Myśliwska)
Polish 53rd Observation Escadrille (53. Eskadra Obserwacyjna)
AVIATION OF THE POMORZE ARMY
Communication platoon No. 7 (Pluton łącznikowy nr 7)
Polish 42nd Reconnaissance Escadrille (42. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)
(III/4. Dywizjon Myśliwski)
Polish 141st Fighter Escadrille (141. Eskadra Myśliwska)
Polish 46th Observation Escadrille (46. Eskadra Obserwacyjna)
AVIATION OF THE POZNAN ARMY
Polish 34th Reconnaissance Escadrille (34. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)
Polish 33rd Observation Escadrille (33. Eskadra Obserwacyjna
AVIATION OF THE LODZ ARMY
Communications platoon No.10 (Pluton łącznikowy nr 10)
Polish 32nd Reconnaissance Escadrille (32. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)III/6. Dywizjon Myśliwski)
Polish 162nd Fighter Escadrille(162. Eskadra Myśliwska)
AVIATION OF THE KRAKOW ARMY
Communications platoon No.3 (Pluton łącznikowy nr 3)
Polish 24th Reconnaissance Escadrille (24. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)(III/2. Dywizjon Myśliwski)
AVIATION OF THE KARPATY ARMY
Polish 31st Reconnaissance Escadrille (31. Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)
AVIATION OF THE NAREW INDEPENDENT OPERATIONAL GROUP
Naval Air Squadron (Morski Dywizjon Lotniczy)
Long Range Reconnaissance Escadrille (I Eskadra Dalekiego Rozpoznania)
Short Range Reconnaissance Escadrille (II Eskadra Bliskiego Rozpoznania)
Communications Platoon of the Command of Coastal Defense
(Pluton łącznikowy Dowództwa Lądowej Obrony Wybrzeż)
Recommended: Polish Aircraft in Active Service September 1939
Includes Archival Photographs of Aircraft
Posted by Polish Greatness at 8:40 PM No comments:
Labels: Order of Battle, Polish Air Force
PZL P.7
PZL P.11
PZL.23 Karaś A/B
PZL.37 Łoś A/B.PZL.43
PZL.46 Sum (PZL.46/I protype) (one example)
Lublin R-XIIIGLublin R-VIIIbis (for Navy use)
LWS-3 Mewa (two examples)RWD-8
RWD-14 Czapla
SUPPORT AIRCRAFT
PWS-26
PWS-24bis
PWS-35 Ogar (one example)
LWS-6 ZubrRWD-5 (one)
RWD-13
RWD-17W
Bartel BM-4
Lublin R-XVI (air ambulances)
The most successful squadron of the Polish Air Force was that of the Pursuit Brigade which fought against German planes during the Defensive War. On September 1st, the Pursuit Brigade shot down 16 German planes, but lost 10 of its own. After six days, the total number of German planes shot down was 42, and the Poles tallied up losses of about 38 to 54 of its fighters. The Brigade was the main aerial reserve and was assigned to cover the city of Warsaw. After the sixth day however they were transferred to cover Lublin.
The Polish Pursuit Brigade
Even before the first shots were fired at Westerplatte, an escadrille of the Pursuit Brigade spotted and intercepted a large formation of German bombers escorted by Messerschmitt Me110s over the Bugo-Narew. (Incidentally, the name Bugo-Narew refers to the Bug and Narew rivers.) Before retreating the Germans dropped bombs, but on uninhabited areas. In shooting down one enemy plane, and probably damaging another, Polish Lt. Palusinski was wounded by enemy fire. On the same day, the Polish squadrons intercepted an attempted bombing raid over Warsaw. The commander of the Polish escadrille managed to shoot down one Messerscmitt Me109, but was then shot down and wounded. On the 3rd of September, the escadrille intercepted a fleet of Me100 fighters over Myszkow and downed two enemy fighters (credited to Lt. Januszewicz and Corporal Karubin). However another fleet led by Feric was dispersed and returned to base. On September 4 the commanding officer of the escadrille shot down a Junkers Ju87 (near the Zaborow airfield) near Leszno. The next day Strzembosz and Januszewicz shot down an Me110 and Ju87 respectively. On September 6 Januszewicz downed another Ju87. After a week of fighting the escadrille was evacuated to Kierz airfield near Lublin. The last confirmed victories by this squadron was a Henschel Hs 126 reconnaissance plane on September 9 (credited to Ferić) and a Heinkel He 111 on September 11 (shot down byWróblewski). Throughout the campaign, this squadron alone shot down a total 8 enemy planes, but lost 9 of its own (PZL P.11c fighters)
The Polish Bomber Brigade
On September 4, the Polish Bomber Brigade conducted daylight attacks on German armoured columns, which hampered the advance of the German 16th Armoured Corps near Czestochowa and Radomsko. Because of a lack of fighter protection, the Polish fleet suffered heavy losses. Of the Bomber Brigade, 10 PZL.37s were shot down by fighter planes, 5 were shot down by enemy anti-aircraft artillery, 2 were bombed on the ground, and an additional 10 planes lost in other ways. Though a few planes were destroyed on the airfields and in the factories, these were planes whose manufacture was not yet completed, planes used for training purposes, or reserve planes. There were 18 PZL.37s bombed in the factory of a reserve base at Malaszewicze and at Okecie near Warsaw.
The PZL Aircraft
By 1939, Poland had only about 600 aircraft. Most of them were outdated except for 37 PZL P-37 Los bombers, which was comparable to its German counterparts. The PZL was designed by Jerzy Dabrowski in the mid-1930s and before the war it was considered one of the world's most modern bombers. Its pay-load capacity was somewhat greater than that of the Vickers Wellington. Compared to other bombers, the PZL was smaller in size but was faster and easier to maneuver. Its landing gears had double wheels which made it possible to land on rough fields. But because of the rough terrain, the planes could not take off with a full payload, and carried less than the 800 kg or 8 x 100 kg bombs). In addition, the fact that each plane was lightly armoured (only three machine guns) made it weak and vulnerable to attack by enemy planes.
The PZL drew huge interest at air exhibitions in Paris and Belgrade in 1938. Adaptations were made to increase marketability and the PZL.37C with Gnome-Rhone engines gave the planes a maximum speed of 445 km/hour while the PZL 37D had a maximum speed of 460 km/hour. Orders came in from several countries for the PZL.37C: 20 were ordered by Yugoslavia, and 12 by Bulgaria. Romania ordered 30 PZL.37D's and its licence, and Turkey ordered the raw materials and parts for 25, and its licence, Greece ordered 12. Negotiations were underway with Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Iran. Belgium was granted permission for licence production of the aircraft. But it all came to stop when war broke out. None of these aircraft had yet been put into production.
The PZL factory had also developed a variation for the Polish airforce, the PZL.49 Mis, the production of which was not completed in time before the outbreak of war. The PZL.49 Mis was slightly larger in size. Engineers were planning on fitting it with Bristol Hercules II engines giving it a maximum speed of 520 km/hour, and an upper turret.
Only 70 per cent of Polish aircraft were mobilized. Their bombers were more modern than their fighter planes, the latter which was considerably older than their German counterparts. The PZL P.11 fighter designed in the early 1930s could reach only a maximum of 365 km/hour (roughly 220 miles per hour), considerably less than German bombers. In order to compensate for the disparity, Polish pilots depended on the maneuverability and high diving speed of the aircraft. The Polish Air Force consisted of the following aircraft:
PZL P.11 - 185 planes
PZL P.7 fighters 95
PZL.23 Karas B 175 planes
PZL.23 Karas A 35 planes
PZL 37 Los Over 100 planes were produced but only 36 were deployed.
The PZL.37Bs were used by the 11th, 12th, 16th and 17th escadres of the Bomber Brigade. (A Group consisted of two escadres with nine aircraft each, in Polish "Dywizjon".) The Bomber Brigade used the PZL.23 Karas and the remaining 50 PZL.37s were either allotted to the reserve group, the training units or in were in a state of repair.
With only a few months to train the crews and equip the bombers, none of the planes were at full capacity when war broke out. To make matters worse, the bombers could not reach the maximum range as quoted in the specifications because they lacked the extra internal fuel tanks.
The last combat flights took place on the 16th of September, 1939. From Romania the Polish air force and armies escaped to France and served under French Command until Hitler invaded in May 1940. The Polish units managed to escape and re-assembled on British soil. The collaboration of the Polish pilots during the Battle of Britain is legendary. But that is a story for another blog.
Polish Combat Aircraft
Produced 1932-1933
Quantity 149 + 2
Maximum Speed: 327 km/hr (203 mph)
Range: 600 km (373 miles)
Weapons: P.7a carried two 7.92mm Vickers "E" machine guns
The PZL P.7 in early 1933 was a modern fighter comparable to other contemporary designs. The Polish Air Force became the first air force equipped with planed constructed entirely with metal. But due to rapid technology, it became obsolete by 1939. By 1935, most were replaced by the PZL P.11 which was only a slight upgrade.
On the 1st of September 1939, the Polish Air Force still had 30 PZL P.7a fighters which they deployed in combat units. Another 40 were in training schools, 35 in reserve or repairs. Altogether there were 106 aircraft of this design. They were used in three squadrons (with 10 planes each). The 123rd Squadron was part of the Pursuit Brigade, deployed around Warsaw while the 151st and the 162nd Squadrons were assigned to the Armies.
Despite their obsolescence they fought during the Defensive Wars. Not counting the combat units, there were at least 18 P.7a fighters at Deblin and Ulez airbases.
Although the German aircraft was waster than the P.7a, the latter had better maneuverability and could operate from fields that were short and even rough.
The greatest disadvantage to Polish aircraft was lack of sufficient weapons, and engine breakdown due to intense service. Pilots flying the P.7a managed to only shoot down seven German aircraft (two He 111s, two Do 17s, one Hs 126, and two Bf110s) but lost 22 of their own aircraft in the mission.
Most of the P.7a fighters were destroyed in 1939, either in combat or on the ground, while quite a number of them were evacuated to Romania. Several were captured by the Germans and used for training purposes.
Produced 1934-? (retired in 1945)
Quantity 325
Weapons: 2 x 7.7mm machine-guns, bombs
Note: At the outbreak of war the Polish Air Force had 109 PZL P.11c`s, 20 P.11a`s and 30 P.7a`s in combat ready mode. An additional 43 aircraft were either in stages of repair or held in reserve. A third of the fleet were equipped, each with four machine guns, while the remainder had only two, fewer still had a radio.
The P11 was used in 12 squadrons (each consisting of 10 aircraft)
Four squadrons were part of the Pursuit Brigade which was deployed around Warsaw. The remainder were assigned to Armies. But they all took part in the defense of Poland during the invasion.
The Polish fighter squadrons were not bombed by the Germans on the 1st of September 1939 as they were deployed to remote airfields. The P11 though at a great disadvantage in speed and numbers, fought against the German Messerschmitt Bf109 and Bf110. There was however one main advantage to Polish planes. They had better manoeuvrability and their design permitted an unobstructed view from the cockpit, unlike that of German planes. The P11 was solidly built and could operate well on short and even rough fields. It could dive at a speed of 600 km/hr without risk of the wings falling apart. The only limitation in such manoeuvres was whether the pilot could sustain the high G forces.
Despite German air superiority, the P11's performance is to be respected as they shot down a considerable number of German planes, and fighters. However, the Poles suffered heavy losses in the process. According to the Luftwaffe records, a total of 285 German aircraft were lost, and about 110 victories are attributable to the P11 while Poles lost about 100. (The exact statistics are not fully verified.) However, the German aircraft that was shot down was later recovered and put back into service. In this way the Luftwaffe was able to claim smaller losses.
The first Polish aircraft to be shot down on September 1st was a PZL P.11c flown by Capt. Mieczyslaw Medwecki. Twenty minutes later Medwecki's wingman, Wladyslaw Gny shot down two Dornier Do17s with his P.11c. The PZL P.11c has the honour of being the first aircraft to successfully ram enemy aircraft in the Second World War.
In the first battle of the invasion on September 1st, a group of German bombers, about 70 Heinkel He 11 and Dornier Do 17 were rapidly closing in over the village of Nieporet, situated north of Warsaw, but had to abandon their mission when they were intercepted by about 20 PZL P11 and 10 P.7 fighters.
Most the P.11's were destroyed in 1939, but 36 were evacuated to Romania.
PZL.23 Karas (third prototype)
Light Bomber and Reconnaissance Aircraft
Produced 1936-1938 (retired in 1946)
Quantity: 250 + 3 prototypes
Range: 1260 km (783 miles)
Weapons: 3 x 7.7mm machine-guns, 700kg of bombs
Note: During the invasion, over 114 planes were deployed in combat units, in 5 bomber squadrons, 7 army reconnaissance squadrons, each with ten aircraft. Other bomber squadrons were equipped with the PZL.37 Los. In addition there were the two PZL 43A from the Bulgarian order that was incorporated into the Polish fleet. On 2 September 1939, one PZL.23B of the 21st Squadron bombed a factory on German territory ( in Oblau) Though their main mission was supposed to be reconnaissance, the PZL.23 bomber squadrons attacked German armoured columns instead. During the campaign, the combined force of the Polish Bomber Brigade delivered about 52-60 tons of bombs while the Army squadrons added about a dozen tons of bombs However this plane suffered high losses because of its low speed, lack of armour and fighter protection. Many were shot down by German fighters, but Polish fighters managed to shoot down a few German planes as well. Polish pilots often made low level attacks on German columns, despite their lack of armour, to AA fire. About 20 Polish planes crashed, while 120 PZL.23s were destroyed but only 67 were the result of enemy fire. Only a small number of Polish combat units were destroyed on the airfields. This occurred on September 14, 1939 at Hutniki when the Luftwaffe destroyed the PZL.23Bs of the Bomber Brigade. Over 21 PZL.23s were evacuated to Romania, most of which were commandeered by the Romanian Air Force against Russia. About 50 PZL.43s and PZL.43As were used in Bulgaria for training.
PZL.37 Los
Produced 1938-1939 (retired 1944 Romanian Air Force)
Quantity: over 120
Range: with max payload 1,500 km (932 miles)
Weapons: 3 x 7.7mm machine-guns, 2580kg of bombs
Note: About twenty-six or twenty-seven PZL.37s were flown to Romania in 1939, 17 of them from the Bomber Brigade and ten training planes. Upon landing, the Polish pilots were arrested and their airplanes confiscated. The Romanians incorporated 23 of the planes in the 4th Romanian Group, upgrading some of them with additional machine guns, but still using the Polish PWU guns).Approximately one third of the Polish fleet was destroyed in crashes due to inexperienced Romanian pilots who were unable to handle its high wing loading.
The Romanians manned 15 PZL in battle against the Russians from June 22, 1941, first in Bessarabia, then bombing Kiev and Odessa. A number of planes were shot down by Soviet artillery. The Romanians withdrew the PZL from service because of a lack of spare parts. The planes were returned to combat only temporarily in April 1944 before being withdrawn once again. After Romania joined the Allies on September 1st, 1944, the Luftwaffe destroyed five PZL37s on the ground.
Very few PZLs fell into German hands. Before the German authorities realized what was happening, the Polish air crew had already dismantled all the remaining planes. (October 1939, at Okencie and Mielec).
PZL.43 Karas
Twelve were built for the Bulgarian air force and delivered in 1937.
This model contained a 694W Gnome-Rhone radial engine, improved crew accomodation.
Weapons included a second forward-firing machine gun. Performance was rated very good to excellent.
Note: When the Germans invaded, there were nine planes crated ready for delivery to Bulgaria. Five others were moved to the airfield at Bielany and taken over by the Polish Air Force 41st Reconnaissance Squadron. But by September 10, 1939, there were only two aircraft remaining. One was shot down by a Bf110 at Michalowek killing the crew. The second was damaged by two Bf109s. Two days later it made a crash landing at Bresc. Another three were left at Okecie but was damaged on September 4 during an air raid by the Germans. Some planes were captured by the Germans. Five planes were repaired and delivered to Bulgaria.
PZL.46 SUMs
Produced: 1939
Quantity: 2 prototypes
Note: During the invasion the first prototype was stationed in Warsaw, while the second was evacuated to Lwow. Eventually it was captured by the Romanians and later by confiscated, and tested by the Russians.
Lublin R-XIIIG
6 were produced from 1934.
The Polish Navy purchased several hybrids of this seaplane. The G model was delivered in 1935 and differed from the other designs. It had a metal propeller and the plane could easily be converted to wheeled landing gear.
These planes fought during the invasion and one of them bombed Danzig on September 7, 1939 while searching for the Schleswig-Holstein. By September 8, they were all destroyed while stationed near the Hel Peninsula.
Lublin R-VIII
Bomber and Reconnaissance Aircraft
Produced: 1928-1930 (retired 1939)
Range: 600-1720 km (370-1061 miles)
Weapons: one fixed 7.7 mm Vickers machine gun and interrupter gear, the observer had twin 7.7 mm Lewis machine guns. Bomb load: in bomber, varied up to 1000 kg. Bomb load in seaplane varied up to 300 kg. The planes were fitted with a camera. They were scheduled for withdrawal from service in 1938. They survived the invasion in September 1939.
LWS -3 Mewa (prototype)
Reconnaissance aircraft
Quantity: 30 (almost in completion)
Range: 700km (436 miles)
Weapons: 2 fixed, forward-firing 7.92mm PWU wz.36 machine guns, 1 rearward-firing 7.92mm PWU karabin maszynowy obserwatora wz.37 (its a flexible gun based on Browning wz.1928)
Note: None of the aircraft entered service before the outbreak of WW2 due to problems with the propellers. Two of them were destroyed by German bombs, the fate of another is uncertain. The remainder was camouflaged in Lublin park and in a nearby forest.
RWD – 8
Trainer Aircraft and Reconnaissance
Produced 1934-1939 (retired in 1948 Israel)
Maximum Speed: 175 km/hr (109mph)
Note: many of these aircraft were bombed by the Germans or burned by the Poles before withdrawing. About 57 of the planes were evacuated to Romania, 40 to Latvia and 2 to Hungary. The Germans could only captured about a dozen planes in airworthy condition.
RWD-14b
Reconnaissance and Liaison Aircraft
Produced: 1938-39
Weapons: 1 × fixed forward-firing 7.92 mm wz.33 machine gun. 1 flexible, rearward-firing 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun for observer.
Note: Most were destroyed by the German but 10 managed to evacuate to Romania.
Polish Support Aircraft
Maximum Speed: 201 km/hr
Range: 460 km
Weapons: 1 x 7.92mm machinegun, 2 x 12 kg bombs (optional)
Note: Some PWS-26s were shot down by the Germans but a large number were either destroyed on the ground by the Germans, or burned by the Poles before withdrawing. A dozen were evacuated to Romania and at least 33 planes to Latvia.
Note: Some of these planes were converted to aerial photography at the outbreak of war.
PWS-35 Ogar
Liaison Aircraft (two prototypes) one which was destroyed by Luftwaffe.
The fate of the other is unclear.
Production: plans began in July 1939 for production but war broke out.
LWS.6 Zubr
Medium Bomber
Produced: 1938 (retired 1940s)
Range: 740-1250 km (466-766 miles)
Weapons: 2 × 7.7 mm Vickers F machine guns in nose turret; 2 x 7.7mm Vickers F machine guns in upper rear turret, 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers F machine gun in underbelly, and 660 kg (1,450 lb) of bombs.
Note: from the beginning the Poles considered this plane obsolete and assigned them only to training units.
It`s counterpart the PZL 37 Los was far superior. The LWS 6 Zubr was not used in combat.
The Germans destroyed these planes on the ground, taking a few to use for training purposes in the Luftwaffe.
Trainer and sport planes
Produced 1931-1937 (retired 1939)
Range: 1080 km (670miles)
Note: Stanislaw Skarzynski flew this plane from Warsaw to Rio de Janeiro from April 27 to June 24, 1933 (11,178 miles). It took 20 hours and 30 minutes. It was the smallest plane to have ever flown across the Atlantic. (without a radio nor safety equipment) It returned to Europe by ship.
Liaison Aircraft
Produced: 1935-1939
Note: some aircraft evacuated during the invasion of 1939 while others were destroyed or seized by the Germans.
Note: During the invasion most evacuated to Romania and Latvia.
One was used as a liaison plane but crashed on September 12, 1939
Maximum Speed: 138 km/hr (86 mph)
Note: These planes were used by the Polish Air Force for training pilots at the air force academies at Bydgoszcz and Deblin.
Lublin R-XVI
Airplane Ambulance
Note: At least one was captured by the Germans. None survived the war.
This is not a complete list all the planes in the Polish Air Force. It refers only to those in active service during September 1939. For those of you who are interested in Polish aeronautics, there is a website that you may find interesting, called the Aircraft Directory: Poland http://www.aviastar.org/air/poland/ It gives a brief summary of the history of the airplane as well as its specifications. You can also check Wikipedia for specifications on each aircraft.
Labels: Bomber Brigade, Polish Combat Aircraft, Polish Pursuit Brigade, PZL
RAF Podcast
I came across an interesting post on Polish Forums.com that the RAF museum in London honoured the members of the Polish Air Force. This commemoration coincided with the 70th anniversary of the withdrawal of the Polish 303 Squadron from the front line. The phenomenal record of the 303 having shot down 126 enemy aircraft in 42 days was unparalleled by any other squadron during the Battle of Britain.
I missed the anniversary date by several days. Though it was on October 11th, 2010 I want to share the information with all of you now and hope that you'll pass it along.
I am a great admirer of the Polish squadrons of World War II whose pilots have become Legends for their great skill in aerial combat. I wrote all about it in an article for my website, entitled the Kosciuszko Squadron- Battle of Britain.
But I would like to draw your attention to the news report,and links to two podcasts as well as the website of the RAF museum. It is quite astonishing to hear the British finally acknowledging that the Poles were the best pilots in the RAF - and the world!! Three cheers for the Brits!
RAF podcast tells tale of Polish pilots (length 2 min 40 sec) source: www.thenews.pl
Museum Honours Polish Airmen Who Fought In The Battle Of Britain source: www.rafmuseum.org.uk/
RAF Museum Podcast (length: 20 minutes) source: www.battleofbritainbeacon.org/podcasts/
King George VI visiting Polish Squadron at Norfolk
Polish 303 Squadron
Polish Squadron of Spitfires
Posted by Polish Greatness at 12:11 AM No comments:
Labels: 303, Polish Air Force, RAF
Famous Polish PZL 37 Los and P11 and the Polish Ac...
Media and Propaganda: The Polish Air Force in Sep...
The Myth about Polish Cavalry in World War II
POLAND WILL NEVER BE DEFEATED
HITLER AND STALIN: REIGN OF TERROR
ARRESTS, DEPORTATIONS, EXECUTIONS
ANGUISH OF DEFEAT - POLES SURRENDER AT KOCK
German Victory Parade In Warsaw
Soviets "Communize" Eastern Poland
POLISH ARMY SURRENDER NEAR LUCK
RAF RAID OVER BERLIN
POLES SURRENDER AT HELA


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text:
Pianosonate nr. 25 in G majeur, op. 79, is een pianosonate van Ludwig van Beethoven. Hij schreef de sonate in 1809. Het duurt ongeveer 8 minuten.

Onderdelen
De sonate bestaat uit drie delen:

 I Presto alla tedesca
 II Andante
 III Vivace

Presto alla tedesca
Dit is het eerste deel van de sonate. Dit deel heeft een sonatevorm. Het eerste thema begint met een motief van 3 noten, G-B-G, het tweede thema in D majeur heeft veel snelle toonladders en arpeggios. Na de doorwerking wordt de hele expositie in G majeur herhaald, waarna er een kort coda komt. Het stuk duurt circa 3 minuten.

Andante
Dit is het tweede deel van de sonate. Het stuk gebruikt een vredig thema en heeft een 3/4 maat. Het duurt ongeveer 3 minuten.

Vivace
Dit is het derde en laatste deel van de sonate. Het stuk heeft een rondo vorm: A-B-A-C-A'-Coda. Dit deel heeft een 2/4 maat en staat grotendeels in G majeur. Een standaard uitvoering duurt circa 2 minuten.

Externe links
 Bladmuziek op het International Music Score Library Project

Pianosonate van Ludwig van Beethoven

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Redford is a city in Michigan. So far we have accumulated 302 streets in Redford and on these streets we have added 245,324 real estate properties.
Redford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Presidio County, Texas, United States. The population was 132 at the 2000 census.


Lauren Roman, PT, DPT graduated from Marquette University's Doctor of Physical Therapy program in May 2012. She has worked for the Illinois Bone and Joint Institute since 2013. She is a participant in the OrthoSync program, which is dedicated to creating personalize post-operative care plans for after total joint replacements. She is also an active member in the performing arts and sports medicine special interest groups. Lauren is a former competitive figure skater -15 time Regional Competitor, Team USA Synchronized Figure Skater, and US Figure Synchronized National Bronze Medalist. She is a former athlete member of the United States Figure Skating Sports Sciences and Medicine committee. She volunteers her time as an assessor at USFS S.T.A.R.S. combines which promote and enhance athleticism and athletic ability in all young figure skaters and reduce the rate of injury across all figure skating disciplines and competitive levels. With her figure skating background, Lauren is able to draw from her own experiences as a competitive athlete to help current patients along the road to recovery from an injury back to their optimal performance level.


text:
Q: Returning Struct from Class So I am trying to call a function in another class called DMLib. If I were to return a List of structs, how can I properly bring that back into my main. For example:
Struct:
    public struct folder
    {
        public int FID;
        public string Name;
        public int Type;
        public int TotalMessages;
    }

Class member decleration:
public List<folder> getFolders(string sessionKey)

Class member call from main.cs:
List<folder> folders = new List<folder>();
folders = (List<folder>)DMLib.getFolders(sessionkey);

Error:

This error says that my List of struct folder that is defined in my main.cs can not be converted into the List of struct folder from my class. How can I make this conversion happen?

A: Either change the declaration of the folder Type to be fully qualified to include the namespace, or declare using aliases at the top, for each of the namespaces that the two folder types reside in, and use the alias in your code.


Ashley Forest in West Ashley is a neighborhood located off of Magnolia Road in Charleston, SC. Located in the 29407 zip code, it offers charming one and two story craftsman style homes for sale and were built in the early to mid 1950's. It is a mature neighborhood and is located close to the trendy Avondale nighlife, restaurants and shops. While there are foreclosures in West Ashley, AF is a neighborhood that is not as transient as others, therefore we do not see many foreclosures in the neighborhood.
It offers a family friendly atmosphere, mature yards, close convenience to Downtown Charleston, and for the most part, Ashley Forest in West Ashley is a wonderful option if you prefer a older, more mature neighborhoods located close to Downtown Charleston.
The properties on this page are all of the homes for sale in Ashley Forest in West Ashley.


text:
2(g) Acids, bases and salt preparations
(g) Acids, bases and salt preparations (Content in blue is not required for Double Award Science)
2.34 know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water:
common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
all nitrates are soluble
common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II)
common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)
common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)
2.35 understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer
2.36 understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor
2.37 describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates (excluding the reactions between nitric acid and metals) to form salts
2.38 know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
2.39 be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant
2.40C be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali
2.41C be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from two soluble reactants
2.42 know how to prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide
2.43C know how to prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfate


text:
THE REFLECTION: An Audio Drama
Original audio drama about a teenager named Rue who has a hard time relating to her mom and escapes into her podcast, "Cue The Mic". Written and performed by Teen Reality Theatre.
EP. 3: Isolation
Martha prepares for a rare night out & Rue makes her own plans. Rue shares her experience with Libby. Rue brings Dean up to speed on recent events. Connie uncovers the truth from Dean. Martha forces the issue & then reacts to Rue's decision making. CAST: Alison Clark............................CONNIE Aniya Palmer..........................LIBBY Asha Kartha............................RUE Na'Mia Kelly............................MARTHA Christopher Armstrong............DEAN THE REFLECTION was written by Teen Reality Theatre and Directed by Anthony Alcocer. Produced by Brooke Goergen & Planned Parenthood of Central and Western New York. Artwork by Janaisha Swan. Sound Design & Engineering by Roy Walker. Original Score was written by Scott Buckley (http://www.scottbuckley.com.au/). The writers were advised by Justin Karcher and include Daltin Danser, Angel Barber, Matt Beebe, Jaliyah Nelson, Darniece Carter, Jariah Lee, Reagan Posey & Megan Zakeri. Marketing by Val Juang & Kaitlin Doty.
EP. 2: Limitation
Libby & Connie compare and contrast their pickup routines. Rue shares the highs and lows of recent events. "Cue The Mic." One word manages to disrupt podcast harmony. Connie, Rue & Libby reevaluate their goals. Dean & Rue react to pressure in their relationship. New Year's Eve celebrations reveal emotions and give way to predicaments. Libby discovers a new side to Martha. Rue responds to Libby's advice. CAST: Alison Clark............................CONNIE Aniya Palmer..........................LIBBY Asha Kartha............................RUE Na'Mia Kelly............................MARTHA Christopher Armstrong............DEAN THE REFLECTION was written by Teen Reality Theatre and Directed by Anthony Alcocer. Produced by Brooke Goergen & Planned Parenthood of Central and Western New York. Artwork by Janaisha Swan. Sound Design & Engineering by Roy Walker. Original Score was written by Scott Buckley (http://www.scottbuckley.com.au/). The writers were advised by Justin Karcher and include Daltin Danser, Angel Barber, Matt Beebe, Jaliyah Nelson, Darniece Carter, Jariah Lee, Reagan Posey & Megan Zakeri. Marketing by Val Juang & Kaitlin Doty. Visit https://ppmoxie.org/ for more on Teen Reality Theatre & PPCWNY Peer Education.
EP. 1: Intention
"Cue The Mic." Rue, Libby & Connie try and make sense of people's feelings during the holidays. Martha reminds Rue of how their relationship really works. Dean & Rue discover how they truly feel toward one another. Martha brings Rue back to reality. CAST: Alison Clark............................CONNIE Aniya Palmer..........................LIBBY Asha Kartha............................RUE Na'Mia Kelly............................MARTHA Christopher Armstrong............DEAN THE REFLECTION was written by Teen Reality Theatre and Directed by Anthony Alcocer. Produced by Brooke Goergen & Planned Parenthood of Central and Western New York. Artwork by Janaisha Swan. Sound Design & Engineering by Roy Walker. Original Score was written by Scott Buckley (http://www.scottbuckley.com.au/). The writers were advised by Justin Karcher and include Daltin Danser, Angel Barber, Matt Beebe, Jaliyah Nelson, Darniece Carter, Jariah Lee, Reagan Posey & Megan Zakeri. Marketing by Val Juang & Kaitlin Doty. Visit https://ppmoxie.org/ for more on Teen Reality Theatre & PPCWNY Peer Education.
Teen Reality Theatre
Teen Reality Theatre is a education program of Planned Parenthood of Central & Western New York. Our teenage peer-educators help youth tackle life's challenges in the form of live theatre in Buffalo and worldwide through film and radio.
Planned Parenthood of Central and Western New York protects and provides health care and education that empowers individuals and families. With respect. Without judgment. No matter what.
Find us on Instagram, Facebook and ppmoxie.org for more information.


text:
Q: Output in MatLab has a capped amount of decimal points I have modified some code in MatLab so that it will give me the root of the function cos(x) - 3*x. When I run the code and ask for it to return the value of xnew (as xnew should equal the root of the function) it returns xnew to only 4 decimal points. I would like for it to be more than this. Does anyone know why it capping this value?

x = 0;
N = 100000; Tol = 0.00001;
count = 1;
while count <= N
f = cos(x) - 3*x;
Df = -sin(x) - 3;
d = (f/Df);
xnew = x - (d);
if (abs(xnew - x)) < Tol
break
end
x = xnew;
count = count + 1;
end

A: Run format long;. That will set the display to 15 or 16 significant figures. The default is 4-5 significant figures. To reinstate the default, run format short;.