In multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) networks, the optimal bit rate of a user is highly dynamic and changes from one packet to the next. This breaks traditional bit rate adaptation algorithms, which rely on recent history to predict the best bit rate for the next packet. To address this problem, we introduce TurboRate, a rate adaptation scheme for MU-MIMO LANs. TurboRate shows that clients in an MU-MIMO LAN can adapt their bit rate on a per-packet basis if each client learns two variables: Its SNR when it transmits alone to the access point, and the direction along which its signal is received at the AP. TurboRate also shows that each client can compute these two variables passively without exchanging control frames with the access point. A TurboRate client then annotates its packets with these variables to enable other clients to pick the optimal bit rate and transmit concurrently to the AP. A prototype implementation in USRP-N200 shows that traditional rate adaptation does not deliver the gains of MU-MIMO WLANs, and can interact negatively with MU-MIMO, leading to low throughput. In contrast, enabling MU-MIMO with TurboRate provides a mean throughput gain of 1.7× and 2.3×, for 2-antenna and 3-antenna APs, respectively.


text:
Копыльская гряда () — возвышенность на юге Минской области и на востоке Брестской и Гродненской области, южная часть Белорусской гряды.

Протяжённость гряды с запада на восток — около 100 км, с севера на юг — 45-50 км. Площадь — 0,7 тыс. км². Преобладают высоты 160—200 м, высочайшая точка — 243 м над уровнем моря (район деревни Низковичи). Копыльская гряда является водоразделом бассейнов Немана и Припяти (бассейн Днепра), здесь берут начало притоки этих рек (Нача, Лань, Морочь — припятские; Ведьма, Уша, Выня — неманские).

Рельеф слабохолмистый, современный вид возвышенность приобрела после отхода ледника. Леса занимают около 20 % территории, значительная часть используется в сельском хозяйстве.

Копыльская гряда и соседняя Новогрудская возвышенность — небольшой изолированный ареал суслика крапчатого, обычно обитающего в степях и южных лесостепях Восточно-Европейской равнины.

См. также
 География Белоруссии

Примечания

Возвышенности Белоруссии
География Брестской области
География Минской области
География Гродненской области

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A hilarious joke is going viral this week that is sure to make you laugh out loud!
Two American men were touring Europe, and they had planned to arrive in France on a Sunday afternoon, but they ended up getting there a few hours early. They found themselves having very little to do that Sunday morning since everything was closed.
"We'll pick a guy in front of us, and whatever he does, we'll do," the first guy said, and his friend agreed with him. The two then walked into the church, sat, close to the front, and chose a guy.
Their plan ended up working well, and forty-five minutes later, they had gotten used to the routine. Suddenly, while everyone in the congregation was seated, the priest said something in French and the man they chose stood up. The two Americans then immediately followed him without thinking.
As they did this, the entire church burst out laughing, and the two Americans were very embarrassed when they realized that nobody else was standing up. After mass ended, the two Americans approached the priest, who spoke English.
"We're well-meaning people- we don't speak French and just chose some guy to imitate while praying," one of the American men said.
"Yes," the other American replied.


text:
HomeReviewsMultiple Perspectives
Review: Fortress America
By Jason Meyers on	 October 9, 2013 Multiple Perspectives Reviews
[Editors note: The following is a dual review, featuring opinions from our in-house war gamer @spielemitkinder, and the thematic, space-loving @Futurewolfie. Make sure to read both opinions to get a better overall picture of the game!]
Wolverines! It is America's most desperate hour. Beleaguered on three fronts, these United States struggle against an unthinkable invasion of the land of mom, apple pie, rock 'n roll, and freedom. Forget the TSA, high taxes, and Obamacare. Lady Liberty's very way of life threatens to vanish in the pages of history. Will hordes of barbaric invaders sweep unopposed from sea to shining sea? Or will guerrilla citizen-soldiers rise up through hill and dale to help their reeling army stem the tide until America's massive lasers can blow the enemy back to the motherland, proving we really are the Home of the Brave?
How it Plays
I'll begin by saying that this is one behemoth of a title, with a lot going on. Keep in mind when reading that there are some rules and thematic chrome which I will not cover as I discuss primarily the core game system. In its essence, Fortress America is a dudes-on-a-map war game with area movement/control, dice-based combat, variable powers, and card play. Nostalgic fears of global thermonuclear war for those born pre-1980 is an added bonus.
There are many elements, mechanics, and small twists that make this title a very unique entry in the genre – or did when the first version released in the mid-1980's. Some have influenced later designs while others remain distinctive. Rather than number them off or repeatedly say, "another unique thing is," I'll instead ring a little bell. So whenever you hear the sound (*ding*), you'll know that I've just mentioned another distinguishing characteristic.
Behold the beauty! The game is set-up!
Fortress America pits Uncle Sam against a tri-front invasion so that the game is played with a non-negotiable 3-on-1 allied system (*ding*). If the invaders in a 3+ player game are victorious, then there is a variant to allow for a specific single winner, but the trespassing factions may not fight each other during play (*ding*). Each may maneuver in a manner singularly advantageous to themselves or refuse aid when requested. But they will generally need to work together in some fashion to keep America from gaining the upper hand in any one region, lest it proves detrimental to the other two groups elsewhere.
Turn structure is divided by phases, one of the more familiar mechanics customary to war gaming. With minor variation, the three invaders first each take their turns individually resolving all phases before the U.S. likewise moves. In strict order, players will deploy new reinforcements, declare battles, maneuver units in preparation for battle, conduct combat at declared sites, and then invade territory won and/or reinforce friendly areas. Before combat, the U.S. player additionally fires each of his lasers at an enemy unit. America builds one new emplacement at a different city each round during the reinforcements phase, each one targeting separate territories. The invaders also have a separate phase to check supply lines at the end of a turn. If a unit cannot trace a line of friendly territories back to its own invasion zone, it is destroyed.
All four sides have the same basic units – infantry, mobile units, hovertanks, helicopters, and bombers. The U.S. also has special partisan troops. All of these have varying movement ranges, special capabilities (*ding*), and roll different sided dice in combat (*ding*). Infantry can't move during the maneuver phase, but a mobile unit can carry one while it does (*ding*). Helicopters can scout ahead before combat and occupy territory behind enemy lines (*ding*). Partisans fight better when on their own (*ding*). Attackers gain a combined arms advantage when assaulting cities or mountains with at least one foot, mechanized, and air unit together (*ding*) (*ding*) (*ding*).
The Southern bloc begin a combined arms assualt on Dallas. Jerry World would make a luxurious C&C center!
The U.S. player begins the game with all sixty of his regular army units deployed throughout the country, two per city as he sees fit. Each city territory also receives a city marker, which are removed as they fall to the invaders. The aggressor factions begin with a set number of units deployed to their invasion zones in whatever manner the player wishes to divide them. After that, reinforcements are not purchased (*ding*). The invaders get eight new units each turn, with the player choosing which types and in which invasion zone to deploy them (*ding*). The American player draws two partisan cards each round (and can receive more in play). These cards specify the number and types of units he will receive, where to deploy them, and sometimes provide for a special – and powerful – ability.
Combat is actually resolved quickly, because it only lasts for one round (*ding*) (*ding*)! That's right. If the defender can withstand one barrage, they survive to fight another day – or turn. Furthermore, they get to roll first AND remove any successful casualties before the attacker can thus return fire (*ding*). While this may sound like it would discourage offensives, the defender will never have more than five units defending, as that is the maximum allowed to occupy any one territory (*ding*). So there are never ridiculously formidable bastions of non-ending ranks of infantry. Meanwhile, the attacker can bring the house – or whatever is in range to maneuver adjacent to the target before the combat phase. Of course, the caveat is that he may only move in a max of five units himself after a successful attack.
Better units get better dice (more sided). The d10 is for lasers.
While the invaders maintain numerical superiority in the first half of the game, they will need to be resourceful as the war develops. While the Americans receive, on average, smaller numbers of reinforcements, they at least can recycle their units. The Barbarian hordes, on the other hand, are finite (*ding*). When losing a piece in combat or due to lack of supply, it is removed from the game.
Play continues through these general phases of reinforcement, maneuver, battle, and more maneuver until one of three victory conditions is met. If all of the invaders' units are destroyed, then America is understandably victorious. While that condition sounds like total annihilation typical of the genre, it's also not very likely because the game will last no longer than ten rounds (*ding*). Instead, a typical game either runs the full ten turns with the U.S. holding on to at least thirteen cities; or the aggressors win after occupying eighteen or more urban centers after the end of any U.S. turn.
Where all soldiers go to die…well, just Commie scumbags, of course…
@spielemitkinder's take: Land of the Free? Or An Nyoung, Comrade?
I cut my teeth in hobby gaming with Milton Bradley's original titlein the iconic Game Masters series. First released in 1986 during the Cold War and a couple of years after the movie Red Dawn (the first one), Fortress America inspired all manner of unfounded fears and unmitigated patriotism in its fictional conflict. Well, at least it did for a handful of junior high boys. Back then, we were all sure Soviet Russia, Communist China, and that crazy, bearded guy in Cuba were all plotting an American takeover at the first convenient opportunity. Of course, they could never really all work together – and a land war in North America would go over about as well as one in Asia. But it made for a really cool, fun war game.
Interestingly, the political overtones of Fantasy Flight's revised design have changed amidst a very different global climate. Gone is the Communist threat, replaced with general Terrorism. Enter unstable, unpredictable, and not-as-scary North Korea in place of the more reliable, very menacing, Soviet monstrosity. Without two "super powers" squaring off toe-to-toe in the modern era, support for American involvement around the world has waned considerably, while nation building and puppet propping is decidedly more subtle and covert than it used to be. Some one could probably write a paper comparing the design in both worlds – but I'll take a look at the game itself.
A chopper convoy heading to the aid of the West.
Beginning with logistics, let me start off by saying this is an interesting game for two OR four players, but not really with three. Yes, you can still play it with one player handling two of the invaders, but it's more disjointed and awkward, and not as fun for the third invader. It works well with one individual handling all of the invaders, though that person has a lot more to do. With four, it shines perfectly. I'll reiterate, if it needs to be, that this is not an exercise for new or casual gamers. Furthermore, even experienced war gamers will need to rethink some of what they've come to take for granted in the genre. Fortress America's unique mechanics require a change in strategic gears.
Probably the biggest point of contention is players fighting over who gets to be America. The U.S. side is just more fun to play, even if you personally are not an American. One, it is challenging to learn to play effectively, at first. Two: Lasers! Last, the Yanks provide a great deal more variety and replayability with their random reinforcement cards and laser construction. Aside from that, once you know what you're doing, they are generally easier to play. However, there is no guarantee, of course, and so the tension wrought from the game's design is wonderful. At first the invasion sends the Americans reeling under overwhelming numbers. The situation looks quite desperate for the Land of the Free about five turns in before the U.S. can stem the tide and even turn things around. Then again dice heavily influence the development of the narrative, adding even more great tension!
Laser installations in the safest place…as far away from the action as possible!
That's not to say the invader factions aren't any fun to tackle, at all. The main problem is that once all of your forces are committed and you can no longer replace losses, your strength dwindles as the U.S. can afford to create delays in a war of attrition. Even as you get new troops through the first several turns, they must deploy in the coastal invasion zones. After a few rounds, that is usually a few territories behind the front and so it takes time for them to effectively reinforce your positions. In the meantime, U.S. reinforcements and partisan troops are popping up all around you at the most inopportune and frustrating times. On the positive side, the later-game tension that this expansion creates can be as fun as the early game for the Americans.
Each faction does play a little differently. The map is designed to balance the number of cities immediately available for capture, as well as those in the "next wave." After that, the conquest changes and offers some options. The Eastern bloc is soon confronted with a mass of cities, and thus more units, in the Great Lakes region. They also can move up into New England which, along with the Florida peninsula, gives them two secluded "safe havens" once secured. The Western faction deals with a lot more open territory after the first two turns and will be hard pressed to support a strong move inland. Conversely, they seem to face less opposition than their two allies. Finally, the Southern group is even more unique with a mixture of open space and urban centers. They have an extra city which they can possibly take in the first wave, but the challenge is to maintain an offensive, while simultaneously working with and supporting the West and East on either side – or not. Mixing up play with the factions each session is recommended. Otherwise, you're likely to adopt a standard strategy and the result will feel routine. The Fantasy Flight version includes special action cards to provide some variety for the invaders, but they're hit and miss in both fun and functionality.
Invaders' action cards. Note the icons at bottom on conditions you must meet to use these.
Combat resolution in Fortress America is one of the more incredible and interesting elements that profoundly impacts planning and strategy. A battle lasts ONE round. The defender fires and then the attacker fires, and then it's over! This is a fundamental change from most war games which stipulate that combat continues until one side is completely eliminated or voluntarily retreats. So you have to rethink how and when to fight and what to bring. It's not enough to have superior numbers just hoping to whittle down the defenders. You only get one round in an assault per turn. And since the defender shoots first and removes casualties before they can return fire, the odds can plummet faster than you may realize or have prepared for.
The territory unit limit is another strategy-restricting mechanic that requires planning. On one hand, it's good to know that your enemy will never have more than five units defending any one territory. But on the other, it can impede your own ability to maneuver and assemble a large enough attack force adjacent to a desired target. It's a rule everyone must learn to live by.
In the end, theme and chrome mesh epic narrative and little details seamlessly together. Looking at the board from a satellite's view, the story arc is sweeping as waves of invaders push America to the brink. Yet focus on individual territories, and each chapter plays out with aspects that make sense. Different sided dice represent the relative strengths of the separate unit types. Combined foot, mechanized, and air assaults increase your odds as would be true of modern warfare. Partisans fight better when unencumbered by regulation military. Even the arbitrary ending illustrates the idea that a successful American defense would most likely be as simple as outlasting the enemy. Both theme and minutiae are engrossing and captivating enough to soften the time blow that the genre can often inflict.
Partisans arise in the Southwest. Head for the hills and hit 'em hard where it counts.
Fortress America is not for the timid. It is sweeping in scope with lots of chrome, downtime, minor rules to reference, hordes of dice, and legions of plastic to push around. Its luck, interaction, fiddliness, and thematic story arc are the epitome of Ameritrash, replete with all of the goodness and drawbacks inherent thereof. For fans of that style, and of dudes-on-a-map in general, this revised classic offers several unique twists on the genre and a great end goal, which helps reign in game time. That's not to say it's a quick affair. But for those with the time and inclination, Fortress America is a blast and gives players a chance to finally kick Communist butt or take down those Capitalist pigs – at least that's the way I'll always see it…
@futurewolfie's take: Red, White, and Blue or Better Red Than Dead?
I had originally intended to review this game on my own; after all, a big flashy Fantasy Flight title with futuristic elements, asymmetrical powers, and boatloads of miniatures? What's not to like! On paper, at least, this should be a game I really rather enjoy.
But when I finally got my hands on a copy and got it to the table, my experiences were not up to my expectations. I needed to hear another perspective, to help figure out if my sights were off; it's not too often that you get that chance, but fortunately our resident war gaming fanatic not only had his own copy of the game, but had played the original version many years ago. This was the extra perspective this review needed, hence the double-review.
There's something about Fortress America that just doesn't set right with me. Oh, don't get me wrong; I love the asymmetry of it all, I love the plastic miniatures. Despite this being quite the behemoth of a game, the rules are not over-taxing.
Partisans pop up behind the front to cut off the enemy's supply lines.
But playing the game just didn't live up to expectations. A big part of this is the lengthy playtime; don't believe the box, which says 2-3 hours. We're talking more like 4-5 here, and pushing even higher.
It is probably the playtime alone that damages the game. If the game could be completed in 2-3 hours, it'd be an action-filled good time. The lengthier playtime serves only to accentuate the flaws – the lack of real replay ability and the long periods of waiting before your turn comes around again.
Lets hover on the replay ability for a moment. What I like about combat-centric games, especially dudes-on-a-map, is the tactical nature of maneuvering your troops, taking risks, and knowing when to consolidate your forces and defend instead of pushing forward. Unfortunately, the asymmetry in Fortress America is created not by giving players unique powers and abilities, but by forcing players into a very particular rut. As an invader, you don't have the time to fall back, or to regroup. Your only choice is to push forward as quickly as possible. Limitations on troop movement force the invaders to bull-rush as fast as they can, taking cities along the way, heading for the most central cities that take the longest to reach. There is no real choice in the matter; the only choice is in how exactly you arrange your troops, which just isn't very much choice at all.
Partisan cards for U.S. reinforcements.
The game is programmed, and it is pretty linear. The invaders will ALWAYS win the first few rounds of battles; they simply attack with overwhelming force. The USA forces are spread thin and can't reinforce troops anywhere; their only recourse is to retreat and consolidate forces until they build up their laser grid and have strong defenses in their remaining cities. Because of the movement limitations, the US barely has even the burden of defense; they don't really need to spend too much effort defending their front lines because even if left completely defended, the invaders can't just rush through. This programming does serve to create a ramping tension, but it's the same tension every time.
This game is a product of a bygone era, before many of the modern gaming advances we have today were invented. It comes from a time when you had children's games, monopoly, and complex war-games, and thats about it. The world wasn't as fast-paced; computers were not so prevalent and video games had not saturated the culture. Kids, teens, and college students had time to burn 5 hours on a wargame like this, and that's okay. It certain does have some unique aspects to it; I'd rather play this game than the old version of Risk, but it hasn't aged well.
Taking Florida. Hey…even Commies need vacations.
If you love these sorts of war-games, Fortress America is perhaps a worthy addition to your collection. It tells its own story and it's an interesting story, it's just not one that I personally would like to experience many times over again. If you grew up on Fortress America, there's definitely something to be said for nostalgia. This edition is certainly finely crafted with great components, a very nice-looking board, and fun custom dice. Other than that, this game feels slightly outdated with its linear progression and lack of anything besides dice-rolling combat to progress through the game.
spielemitkinder's rating 8.5
futurewolfie's rating 7
User Ratings (0 Votes) 0
Your Rating: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Fun theme
Specific end point
Variable unit abilities and dice
Unique combat model
Fascinating alliance format
U.S. side has lots of replay value
futurewolfie says:
Fantastic load of plastic minis
Great production value
Asymetrical sides are interesting
The story progression in the game is unique and fun...
Invaders not as replayable
Good U.S. player hard to defeat
Suffers from downtime
Crowding hampers territory delineation
... but only once, maybe twice, and it doesn't really vary
Programmed strategies leave little room for creative approaches
Lasts a really, really long time
Tags: alternate historyalternate realityarea controlcombatdicedice rollingdudes on a mapfantasy flight gamesFortress AmericafuturisticMilton Bradleynemesis reviewRed Dawnreviewwar game
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Review: Bloom
Increased complexity recommended mainly for hobbyists.
Game Length
3-5h (box says 2-3h)
2 to 4 (best with 2 or 4)
Designer(s)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Knowing your family history can save your life
Denise didn't know she had a genetic mutation. Finding it led us right to her cancer.
Cancer has been on Denise's mind for decades. She lost her paternal grandmother and aunt to ovarian cancer and three other aunts, also on her father's side, to breast cancer. All five women were diagnosed at young ages, some in their 30s. Their children were left not only to deal with the loss of their parent but with the constant concern that a cancer gene was running through the family tree. According to Denise, their family's history of cancer haunted them. But as it turned out, knowing her family's history saved Denise's life.
Denise, a registered nurse at UT Southwestern's William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital in Dallas, moved to Texas from Connecticut with her husband and three children a couple years ago. Once settled in, she went about finding new doctors and setting up appointments.
Because of her family history, she was monitored closely with regular mammograms to detect early breast cancer, as well as with transvaginal ultrasounds and CA-125 tests to detect ovarian cancer; all the screening tests were normal and assured her she was free of cancer. When Denise visited our cancer genetics clinic, she reported that a cousin was recently found to have a BRCA mutation. When we informed Denise that she had a 25 percent chance of having that same mutation, she chose to have the genetic test. If she didn't carry the family's mutation, she could discontinue intensive screening for breast and ovarian cancer. If she did carry the mutation, there would be more for her to do to protect herself from future cancers.
Testing positive for a genetic mutation
Denise tested positive for a BRCA1 mutation. BRCA1 mutations are well known for putting patients at high risk for breast cancer, but they also impose an increased risk for ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, and other cancers.
Because Denise had finished having children, she was advised to have her fallopian tubes and ovaries removed (a surgery called a prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy). The idea was that by having this prophylactic surgery she could prevent future cancers.
At UT Southwestern Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, our surgeons and pathologists follow a detailed protocol when patients with a genetic mutation have prophylactic surgery, and the protocol includes tests for microscopic cancer.
For Denise, this surgery proved lifesaving. Instead of being preventive, it was therapeutic. The pathologist found a small 1-millimeter-wide tumor and a second even smaller tumor, both in her right fallopian tube – among the smallest cancers ever detected at UT Southwestern. The "larger" tumor was as wide as the thickness of a penny. Because the cancer was detected at an early stage, her chances of survival are more than 90 percent.
Denise's oncologist recommended chemotherapy. Denise has since completed 18 weeks of chemotherapy and has checkups with her oncologist every three months. To help others, she shares her story and writes a blog about her experiences.
Without the surgery, Denise would most likely have developed the nonspecific ovarian cancer symptoms such as bloating, fatigue, and frequent urination. But these symptoms appear only after ovarian cancer progresses to a late stage – a stage where her survival would have been around 40 percent.
Ovarian cancer is notorious for evading the prevailing screening tests. The CA-125 levels and transvaginal ultrasound screenings Denise had been receiving had provided a false sense of security. Researchers are working to improve screening tests for ovarian cancer, but meanwhile the lack of a better screening test is one reason we advise patients to have surgery. Today, Denise gratefully says, "Without the surgery, I probably wouldn't have lived to see 55."
Ovarian cancer's link to heredity
As many as a quarter of ovarian cancer cases have a known hereditary cause. In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2, there are other inherited mutant genes associated with ovarian cancer risk. Continued research will identify more and more of these. And breast and ovarian cancer genes are just as likely to be inherited from your father as they are from your mother (e.g., Denise inherited her BRCA1 mutation from her dad). It's important to learn as much as you can about your family history and share it with your doctor and your family.
Denise has reasonable hopes that the microscopic discovery from her surgery will play out in a big way: "I hope to attend my children's weddings – and meet my grandchildren," she says. "My aunts never had that opportunity."
When her children are adults, they will have the opportunity to choose to be tested and know their risks. They each have a 50 percent chance they inherited the family's BRCA1 mutation. If they did, they'll be able to use this genetic knowledge to prevent cancers in ways their ancestors didn't have.
For more information about ovarian cancer treatment options or our cancer genetics program in Dallas, request an appointment online or call 214-645-8300.
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Stocks managed to post modest gains on Wall Street, giving the Standard & Poor's 500 index its first winning week in the last three.
The gains were broad Friday, with every sector in the S&P 500 rising except for technology and health care.
Design software company Autodesk jumped 3.9 percent after reporting results that beat forecasts.
Stocks didn't react much to speeches by the heads of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, though the dollar dipped against other currencies.
The S&P 500 rose 4 points, or 0.2 percent, to 2,443.
The Dow Jones industrial average gained 30 points, or 0.1 percent, to 21,813.
The Nasdaq slipped 5 points, or 0.1 percent, to 6,265.
Bond prices rose. The yield on the 10-year Treasury fell to 2.17 percent.
Stocks are mostly higher in midday trading on Wall Street, putting the Standard & Poor's 500 index on pace for its first winning week in the last three.
The gains were broad Friday, with every sector in the S&P 500 rising except for technology.
Design software company Autodesk jumped 6 percent after its second-quarter results were better than analysts had expected.
Traders were keeping a close eye on speeches by central bankers at a conference in Wyoming.
The S&P 500 index rose 5 points, or 0.2 percent, to 2,444.
The Dow Jones industrial average gained 44 points, or 0.2 percent, to 21,827. The Nasdaq composite was little changed at 6,269.
Bond prices rose. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note fell to 2.17 percent.
Stocks are opening higher with technology companies, banks and industrial companies making some of the largest gains.
Design software company Autodesk jumped 6 percent Friday after its second-quarter results were better than analysts had expected.
The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 8 points, or 0.3 percent, to 2,447.
The Dow Jones industrial average gained 67 points, or 0.3 percent, to 21,850.
The Nasdaq composite climbed 21 points, or 0.3 percent, to 6,271.
The yield on the 10-year Treasury note fell to 2.19 percent.


text:
Keep Our NHS Public Constitution
Revision published online 16 March 2020. A Word Document version can be downloaded: KONP Constitution
1. Name and Description
The name of the organisation is 'Keep Our NHS Public' (hereafter 'KONP).
KONP is a non-party-political organisation.
2. Objects
The principal object of KONP is to stop the privatisation and commercialisation of our NHS and campaign for the re-instatement of a comprehensive, universal, publicly funded, publicly owned, publicly provided and publicly accountable, national health service which is free at the point of use and has the resources needed to provide excellent health care for all on a long term, sustainable basis. This will involve campaigning to resist cuts and closures within the NHS. KONP also supports campaigns to reverse the privatisation and commercialisation of social care and pursue publicly funded, publicly provided and accountable social care provision which is free at the point of use and appropriately resourced to sustain the health, independence, wellbeing and dignity of all. In pursuance of its objects, KONP will seek to build a wide coalition of individual members, local groups and affiliated organisations.
3. Powers
KONP will have powers to
3.1 raise money to pursue its objects
3.2 receive contributions through individual membership fees, KONP and affiliated group fees and donations
3.3 employ staff and recruit volunteers
3.4 buy or rent premises or equipment
3.5 act separately and in partnership with different organisations in pursuit of its objects.
4.1 Individual membership shall be open to people living in the UK upon payment of an annual membership fee.
4.2 KONP may refuse membership or terminate an individual's membership should it consider that their membership or continued membership will compromise the integrity of the organisation.
4.3 A refusal or termination must be carried out in accordance with the grievance procedures specified in Appendix 1A of this document.
4.4 If an individual fails to pay their membership fee by three months after the renewal date that individual will cease to be a member. The individual must have received one reminder to their usual contact address. The onus is on individual members to ensure their contact details held by KONP membership are up to date.
5. Local Groups
5.1 KONP will encourage and support the formation of local KONP groups. These will pursue the objects of KONP locally and seek to network with each other to maximise impact.
5.2 Local groups must gain KONP approval before using the KONP logo or associating their activities with KONP but KONP will accept no liability for commitments entered into by such local groups.
5.3 A local group may register as a local KONP group once three of its members have become individual members of KONP and upon payment of the local group annual registration fee. Ongoing membership of three, including the steering group delegate, must be maintained annually alongside maintenance of group affiliation.
5.4 KONP reserves the right to dissociate itself from any local KONP group which it considers is compromising the integrity of the organisation. The dissociation must be done in accordance with the procedures set out in Appendix 1A of this document.
5.5 Local KONP Groups' responsibilities to local KONP members [2]
5.5.2: KONP will ensure that local groups are informed of all KONP members in their area.
5.5.3: Members of KONP should be invited to give permission for their contact details to be sent to the local KONP group organisers (where one exists). Local KONP groups should include all KONP members, who have agreed for their contact details to be shared, in their notices and emails about their meetings and activities.
5.5.4: In addition, local KONP groups should post notices about their meetings and activities on the KONP website.
6. Affiliations
6.1 To build the coalition, affiliation will be encouraged from any national organisation which shares the aims of KONP excluding political parties and from any local organisation which shares the aims of KONP including local branches of political parties. Branches of political parties can be supporting affiliates only (see 6.2 and 6.4)[3]
6.2 Organisations which both share the objects of KONP and have campaigning for them as their prime activity can become Full Affiliates on payment of their affiliation fee or provision in kind.
6.3 KONP reserves the right to dissociate itself from a fully affiliated group if it considers that the group's continued affiliation would compromise the integrity of KONP. The dissociation must be done according to the procedures set out in Appendix 1A of this document.
6.4 Organisations which share KONP's objectives but do not have campaigning for those health and NHS-related objectives as their prime activity may become Supporting Affiliates of KONP on payment of their affiliation fee or agreed provision in kind. KONP reserves the right to dissociate itself from a Supporting Affiliate if their continued affiliation risks compromising the integrity of KONP.
6.5 An organisation's affiliation shall end if it fails to pay its annual affiliation or provide the support agreed.
7. Governance: The Steering Group
7.1 KONP's primary governing body will be known as the Steering Group. It will be made up of representatives from local groups, full affiliates and other affiliated groups.
7.2 The purpose of the Steering Group is to set the policy and direction of KONP.
7.3 Every local KONP group and full affiliate will be entitled to nominate one of its members to be its representative on the Steering Group. If the nominated representative cannot attend for any reason, the group may send a substitute. Whoever attends SG meetings on behalf of a local group will have full speaking and voting rights.
7.4 Supporting Affiliates will have the right to send a representative to the Steering Group. This representative will not have voting rights but may participate in discussion at the discretion of the chair.
7.5 The Steering Group may co-opt up to six individual members. Co-option will normally be for a maximum of one year and will end at the AGM although it may be renewed at the discretion of the Steering Group by majority vote.
7.6 All Steering Group members must be individual members of KONP.
7.7 The Steering Group will normally meet bi-monthly but no less than five times per year. At least two of these meetings will be outside London.
7.8 Fifteen voting members of the Steering Group will constitute a quorum.
7.9 The Steering Group will elect an Appeals /Grievance Panel of 3 Steering Group members to implement the grievance procedures specified in Appendix 1 of this document.
7.10 The Steering Group may also set up specialist working groups chaired by a Steering Group member and including KONP members with relevant experience who are not on the Steering Group. Such working groups may also seek advice from experts who may not be KONP members.
7.11 The Steering Group will elect from its members an Executive Committee as specified below. All local KONP groups and full affiliates who are entitled to a voting representative on the Steering Group will be invited to participate in electing an Executive Committee as specified below.
7.12 A minimum of eight members of the Steering Group, excluding co-opted members and supporting affiliates, may call for an Extra-ordinary Meeting of the Steering Group by making a written request for such a meeting to the chair of the Steering Group. The Chair will arrange an ESGM within 4 weeks.
7.13 In the event of concerns arising about the actions of any Steering Group member promoting policies that are inconsistent with the policies of KONP, behaving unconstitutionally or in any other way bringing the integrity of the organisation into disrepute, a written complaint from no fewer than 3 members of the Steering Group should be made to the Chair of the Steering Group who will instigate procedures in accordance with the Grievance Procedure specified in Appendix 1:B.
8. Governance: the Executive Committee
8.1 The purpose of the EC is to take instruction from the SG and implement the policies specified by it. The EC should ensure the smooth day to day running of the organisation. The EC may develop its own strategies and bring those to the Steering Group for approval. In exceptional cases where there is no appropriate policy and consultation is impossible, the EC may act first and bring these actions for post facto approval to the Steering Group.
8.2 The Executive Committee must act in a transparent manner in its relationship with the Steering Group. It must present a full report of its activities to each Steering Group meeting and respond to questions, queries, comments and challenges regarding its actions.
8.3 The Executive Committee will consist of 11 people. 10 Executive Committee Members (ECMs) elected from the members of the SG. The eleventh ECM will be the President of KONP, who will be an ex officio member.
8.4 Of the 10 ECMs, 6 will be Non-Officer ECMs and 4 will be officers comprising two co-chairs, a secretary and a treasurer.
8.5 In honour of Prof. Wendy Savage's role as founder member of KONP and in recognition of her continuing invaluable contribution as ambassador for KONP this document endorses her position as President with full voting rights. Should Prof. Savage withdraw from the role, the Steering Group reserves the right to decide whether the role should cease to exist or whether they wish to appoint or elect another President.
8.6 Procedures for the election of Executive Committee Members[4]
8.6.1 Elections will normally be held biannually.
8.6.2 The elections will be for the following roles: co-chair, secretary, treasurer and non-officer executive committee members (ECMs).
8.6.3 There will be two posts for the role of co-chair, and six posts for the role of non-officer ECM. There will be only one post each for the roles of secretary and treasurer.
8.6.4 Any member of the Steering Group may stand for election except co-opted members and representatives from Supporting Affiliates, whether the delegate of a KONP group (or full affiliate group) or their substitute. The substitute must have attended at least two steering group meetings of the previous six, as acting delegate.
8.6.5 Candidates may stand for more than one role.
8.6.6 Those standing for election must have up to date individual membership of KONP prior to the announcement of the election and the membership of the group they represent must be up to date.
8.6.7 The chair must announce the opening of the election at an SG meeting at least eight weeks before the SG meeting where the votes will be counted, and as close to two years as possible (but not more than 26 months) after the previous election, except for 2016/17 when the election can be brought into line with the AGM.
8.6.8 On announcement of the election, the SG will elect from among those members of the SG who are not standing for election, a group of three people who will supervise the election. This group will be known as the Election Committee.
8.6.9 The Election Committee must ensure that the elections are held in an open and fair way, following the procedures specified in Appendix 3 of this document. The officers and other members of the Executive Committee must follow the instructions of the Election Committee regarding the conduct of the elections.
8.6.10 Officers will be elected first, then the non-officer ECMs. The candidates who rank seventh and eighth in the voting order for the no-officer ECMs will be kept as potential substitutes should any members of the Executive Committee stand down for any reason or be unable to carry out their duties for over two months due to ill health.
8.6.11 Candidates will submit brief, written information about themselves, as requested by the Election Committee but including information about membership of any political party and any commercial or charitable interests six weeks before an election to enable the information to be circulated to local KONP and full affiliate groups, along with ballot papers.
8.6.12 Efforts should be made to ensure that at least three Executive Committee members are from outside London.
8.6.13 The Steering group may call in an outside body such as the Electoral Reform Society to oversee KONP elections. [5]
8.6.14 Any member of the Executive Committee who fails to attend three meetings within a period of 12 months, either in person or by skype, and who gives no apologies in advance of those meetings, shall be deemed to have left the Executive Committee. Their place on it may be filled by candidates who came next in line at the previous election. [6]
8.6.15 If there are insufficient nominations to fill all the places on the Executive Committee, all eligible nominees who have put themselves forward will be considered elected to the Executive Committee positions without contest.
8.6.16 The Executive Committee may, with agreement from the Steering Group, co-opt up to two members of the Steering Group to fill vacancies, or to add specific experience or skills, provided co-optees and the groups they represent have up to date membership of KONP at the point of co-option. Co-option must be agreed by the Steering Group and will normally be for a maximum of one year although may be renewed at the discretion of the Steering Group by majority vote. Co-opted members will not have a vote at the EC. 7
8.7 The duties of the officers
8.7.1 The Chair
8.7.1.1 Chair meetings of the Executive Committee and Steering Group, ensuring that each meeting is planned effectively, conducted according to the constitution and that matters are dealt with in an orderly, efficient manner.
8.7.1.2 Ensure that meetings are conducted so that all strands of opinion are heard without favour.
8.7.1.3 Will not have a vote when chairing meetings of the Executive Committee or Steering Group except in the case of a tied vote when they may exercise a casting vote.
8.7.1.4 Represent the group and act as its spokesperson when required.
8.7.1.5 Work with the Executive Committee to share roles and responsibilities to ensure the smooth running of the organisation and the effective implementation of its plans and policies.
8.7.2 The Secretary
8.7.2.1 Ensure that accurate minutes of meetings of both the EC and the SG are taken and circulated to all members of the SG.
8.7.2.2 Prepare and circulate agenda for meetings in collaboration with the Chair.
8.7.2.3 Deal with correspondence and ensure relevant information is circulated to KONP groups and members.
8.7.3 The Treasurer
8.7.3.1 Supervise the financial affairs of the group.
8.7.3.2 Keep proper accounts that show all monies collected and paid out by KONP.
8.7.3.3 Ensure that a report giving an accurate picture of KONP's financial affairs is circulated to members of the Executive Committee and Steering Group before each of their meetings.
8.7.3.4 Arrange an annual audit of the accounts
8.7.4 The duties of the Non Officer ECMs
8.7.4.1 Assist the officers with the implementation of KONP's policies and strategies.
8.7.4.2 Ensure that the actions of the officers are compliant with both the constitution and the policy decisions of the Steering Group.
8.7.4.3 Help to develop new initiatives for presentation to and approval by the Steering Group.
8.7.4.4 Ensure that the actions and decisions of the Executive Committee are fully reported to the Steering Group.
8.8 The conduct of the Executive Committee
8.8.1 The Executive Committee may not enter into contractual agreements without the prior consent of the SG. With that approval it may, in order to facilitate its duties, employ people directly, engage contractors or engage volunteers. Anyone employed or contracted must be given clear terms of employment that are available to, and agreed with the Steering Group. The same spirit of fair treatment will be applied to anyone who opts to be a contractor rather than an employee. Employees, contractors and volunteers will have the right to use the appeals procedure in case of dismissal or dispute with the Executive Committee. The EC will agree arrangements for the support and management of staff and volunteers which will ensure that they each have only one line manager. Staff appointments will be made by an interview panel consisting of at least two, non-officer ECMs.
8.8.2 The Executive will normally meet at least monthly but at a minimum 10 times per year.
8.8.3 Six members of the Executive will constitute a quorum.
8.8.4 In the event that a vote is required it will take place by a show of hands and decisions will be determined by a simple majority.
8.8.5 The EC may refuse or terminate membership of an individual or group if it considers that their membership is or would bring the integrity of the organisation into disrepute. The EC must however act in accordance with the Grievance procedure specified in Appendix 1:A of this document.
8.8.6 In the event of concerns about any ECM behaving in an unconstitutional manner or promoting policies that are inconsistent with the policies of KONP or in any other way bringing the integrity of the organisation into disrepute a written complaint from any three members of the Steering Group (who may also be ECMs) should be made to the Chair of the SG who will instigate procedures in accordance with the Grievance procedure Appendix 1:B.
9. Finances
9.1 Members, local KONP groups, affiliated groups and organisations shall pay a minimum annual membership or affiliation fee set by the Steering Group. Donations will also be encouraged.
9.2 The Treasurer in cooperation with the Officers shall be responsible for ensuring that proper controls are maintained over the funds of KONP, that proper accounting records are kept and audited and that a report giving an accurate picture of its financial affairs is circulated to members of the Executive Committee and Steering Group before each of their meetings.
9.3 Decisions regarding expenditure of over £1,000 should be agreed by the Executive Committee or Steering Group.
9.4 The signatories to the KONP account will be the Treasurer and any one of three others appointed by the Executive Committee.
9.5 No distribution of any surplus shall be made to members or officers of KONP.
9.6 KONP members may be paid for their time or services at the discretion of the Steering Group.
9.7 The Steering Group may at its discretion allow the reimbursement or part-reimbursement of costs incurred by members attending Executive, Steering Group or subgroup meetings.
10. Amendment to the Constitution
10.1 Following notice in writing of a resolution to amend the Constitution at least 4 weeks in advance of a Steering Group meeting, this Constitution may be amended by a resolution of the Steering Group carried at that meeting by two thirds of the votes cast, excluding co-opted members.
10.2 Due to the experimental nature of this constitution, changes may be made during the first year of its implementation with a simple majority.
11. Merger and Dissolution
11.1 A resolution proposing the merger or dissolution of KONP should be notified to the Steering Group 6 weeks in advance of an SG meeting. The motion will be tabled and put to the SG who will decide whether or not to call an Extraordinary General Meeting to discuss the issue. Irrespective of whether an EGM is called or not, no decision will be taken until the issue is discussed at a second Steering Group meeting in order to allow reasonable time for due consideration and consultation.
At a second and quorate Steering Group meeting KONP may be merged with another organisation with similar objects or dissolved by a resolution of the Steering Group carried by two thirds of the votes cast. 8
11.2 On the dissolution of KONP, its assets shall not be distributed to its members, but shall be distributed to one or more organisations with compatible objects specified in the dissolution resolution.
12. Annual General Meeting (AGM)
12.1 KONP will organise annual general meetings which all members will be invited to attend. At least two months' notice should be given for an AGM. AGMs will be held no longer than 15 months apart.
12.2 At the AGM one of the co-chairs will present a report on the activities of KONP during the previous twelve months and the Treasurer will present the accounts. Individual members will have the opportunity to question the Officers and Executive Committee about any aspects of the activities of the organisation.
12.3 Motions from local KONP groups, full affiliates and individual KONP members can be put to the AGM. These should be submitted five weeks before the meeting and circulated to all members at least three weeks before the meeting. Any substantive motion must be submitted no less than one week before the meeting, although later amendments and urgent motions under[7] exceptional circumstances will be dealt with by discretion of the co-chairs. The Steering Group and Executive Committee may arrange 8 for motions from individuals to be composited to ensure the efficient use of time. Motions and amendments will be voted on by a show of hands. All motions passed at the AGM will come before the next Steering Group for further discussion and action. [i] 9
13. Conduct of Meetings
The business of the Steering Group and AGM will be conducted in accordance with the attached Standing Orders Appendix 2 unless a resolution to suspend Standing Orders is passed by majority vote.
Chair, co-chair, secretary and treasurer
APPENDIX 1: Grievance Procedure
A. For individuals, KONP groups or full affiliates who are refused membership, have their membership terminated or are dissociated from KONP by the Executive Committee.
A motion to refuse, terminate or dissociate a member or group must be made by a majority vote at an EC meeting. The EC must inform the person or group involved in writing, giving reasons for the refusal/termination. The notice must also inform the refused/terminated group/person of their right to appeal. The EC must also inform the SG.
The SG may decide to refer a refusal or termination decision to the Appeals Panel in the absence of any appeal being made.
An individual or group who has their membership terminated will be advised that they must, with immediate effect, stop using the KONP logo or claiming to speak in the name of KONP. However, all voting and attendance rights will remain until either the time for an appeal has passed and no appeal has been lodged, or the appeals process has been completed and the action of the EC exonerated.
An appeal must be made within four weeks of receipt of notice of refusal or termination. On receipt of an appeal the Chair of the Steering Group will refer the case to the Appeals/ Grievance panel of the SG within two weeks.
The Appeals/ Grievance panel will examine the evidence for the decision and grounds for the appeal then make a recommendation to the full Steering Group giving the reasons for their decision and a brief outline of the evidence on which it is based. Individuals or groups who have been refused membership or had their membership terminated will be given an opportunity to present their case personally to the Appeals/Grievance panel. The panel will normally conclude their investigations within 6 weeks and communicate their conclusions and reasons to the appellants.
The final decision will be made in a meeting of the Steering Group. Any decision to refuse membership, dissociate KONP from a particular KONP group or full affiliate or terminate the membership of an individual will require a two-thirds majority vote in the Steering Group. Where the decision relates to a local KONP group or full affiliate and they are not happy with the recommendation of the Appeals/ Grievance panel, they will be given an opportunity to speak at the meeting of the Steering Group which decides the case.
The Chair will advise appellants in writing of the decision of the Steering Group and the reasons for it.
B. Complaints against members of the organisation
In the event of concerns arising about the actions of any Steering Group member publicly promoting policies that are inconsistent with the policies of KONP or in any other way drawing the integrity of the organisation into disrepute a written complaint from 3 KONP members should be made to the Chair of the Steering Group who will refer the matter to the Appeals/ Grievance panel and advise the person against whom the complaint has been made of the nature of the complaint, the process of investigation and their right to respond in person at a meeting of the Panel. Should the complaint be against a co-chair of KONP it should be addressed to the other co-chair, or to the KONP executive committee.
The Appeals/ Grievance panel will examine the evidence for the complaint and make whatever enquiries they deem necessary. They will offer an opportunity to the person against whom the complaint has been made to present their views to the panel in person. They will normally seek to conclude their enquiries within 6 weeks then make recommendations for action to the full Steering Group giving reasons for their decision and an outline of the actions they have taken to inform their recommendations.
The Steering Group will decide on action to be taken in response to the complaint. Should it be deemed necessary to remove an officer from their post or other ECM from the Executive Committee this would require a simple majority of those present.
Care should be taken to respect the dignity of all members throughout all grievance procedures.
APPENDIX 2: Standing Orders for the conduct of Steering Group meetings and motions at the AGM
2.1 The Agenda for Steering Group meetings will be drawn up by the Chair in consultation with the Executive. However, a motion sent to the chair at least two weeks before an SG meeting, backed by at least three SG members, must be included on the agenda. A standing item at all SG meetings will be the report from the Executive on its activities with opportunity for questions and discussion. Time will be allocated both for local groups to share information and for any motions from groups to be heard. Proposed additions to the agenda from Steering Group members should be put at the start of SG meetings and agreed by the whole group.
2.2 Rules of debate at meetings
a. Ordinary motions should be submitted to the chair at least two weeks before the meeting and circulated to members at least one week before the meeting. Motions on the agenda shall be considered in the order in which they appear unless the order is changed at the discretion of the chair of the meeting. Motions submitted with less than 2 weeks' notice will be treated as emergency motions and the meeting will need to vote on whether or not they should be heard.
b. A motion (including an amendment) shall not be progressed unless it has been moved and seconded.
c. A motion on the agenda that is not moved by its proposer or substitute may be treated by the chairman of the meeting as withdrawn.
d. If a motion (including an amendment) has been seconded, it may be withdrawn by the proposer only with the consent of the seconder and the meeting.
e. An amendment is a proposal to remove or add words to a motion. It shall not negate the motion.
f. If an amendment to the original motion is carried, the original motion becomes the substantive motion upon which further amendment(s) may be moved.
g. A proposer may move an amendment to their own motion if agreed by the meeting. If a motion has already been seconded, the amendment shall be with the consent of the seconder and the meeting.
h. If there is more than one amendment to an original or substantive motion, the amendments shall be moved in the order directed by the chairman.
i. One or more amendments may be discussed together if the chairman of the meeting considers this expedient but each amendment shall be voted upon separately.
j. A member may not move more than one amendment to an original or substantive motion.
k. The mover of an amendment will have the right to reply for one minute before the amendment is voted on.
l. Where a series of amendments to an original motion are carried, the mover of the original motion shall have a right of reply either at the end of debate of the first amendment or at the very end of debate on the final substantive motion immediately before it is put to the vote.
m. Unless permitted by the chairman of the meeting, a member may speak once in the debate on a motion except:
m.1. to speak on an amendment moved by another member;
m.2. to move or speak on another amendment if the motion has been amended since they last spoke;
m.3. to make a point of order;
m.4 to give a personal explanation; or
m.5 in exercise of a right of reply.
n. During the debate of a motion, a member may interrupt only on a point of order or a personal explanation and the member who was interrupted shall stop speaking. A member raising a point of order shall identify the standing order which s/he considers has been breached or specify the other irregularity in the proceedings of the meeting s/he is concerned by.
o. A point of order shall be decided by the chairman of the meeting and her/his decision shall be final.
p. When a motion is under debate, no other motion shall be moved except:
p.1. to amend the motion;
p.2. to proceed to the next business;
p.3. to adjourn the debate;
p.4. to put the motion to a vote;
p.5. to ask a person to be no longer heard or to leave the meeting;
p.6. to refer a motion to a subgroup for consideration;
p.7. to adjourn the meeting; or
p.8. to suspend particular standing order(s) excepting those which reflect mandatory statutory requirements.
q. Before an original or substantive motion is put to the vote, the chairman of the meeting shall be satisfied that the motion has been sufficiently debated and that the mover of the motion under debate has exercised or waived his/her right of reply.
r. The contributions or speeches by a member shall relate only to the motion under discussion and shall not exceed 3 minutes without the consent of the chairman of the meeting.
2.3 Voting at meetings will take place by a simple show of hands. In the absence of consensus, decisions will be made by simple majority vote with the exception of the following cases:
a. Amendments to the Constitution (s10) and dissolution (s11).
b. Exclusions of individuals or dissociations from KONP of local and affiliated groups (s4.3, 5.4, 6.3, 7.13)
c. EC elections (s8.6.8; App 3, s7)
2.4 Disorderly Conduct at Meetings
a. No person shall obstruct the transaction of business at a meeting or behave offensively or improperly. If this standing order is ignored, [STEP 1] the chairperson of the meeting shall request such person(s) to moderate or improve their conduct.
b. If person(s) disregard the request of the chairperson of the meeting to moderate or improve their conduct, [STEP 2] any member or the chairman of the meeting may move that the person be no longer heard or excluded from the meeting. The motion, if seconded, shall be put to the vote without discussion.
c. If a resolution made under standing order 2(b) above is ignored, [STEP 3] the chairperson of the meeting may take further reasonable steps to restore order or to progress the meeting. This may include temporarily suspending or closing the meeting.
Appendix 3: Conduct of elections to the Executive Committee
The election committee is the ruling body in the conduct of the elections. In the event of disputes concerning the elections the decision of the Election Committee will be final.
Within 5 days of the Election Committee being formed the officers will provide the committee with a full list of paid-up KONP and full affiliate groups
Within 7 days of the election being announced at a Steering Group meeting the Election Committee must send all eligible groups notification of the election, the election timetable and request for candidates [Form 1] plus candidate's details [Form 2].
Candidates for the election must complete and return Form 2 within two weeks. If not complete, the election committee will inform the candidate of any failings within 48 hours of receipt of the incomplete Form 2 to enable the candidate to make the necessary amendments, as long as the deadline is not breached.
The Election Committee will send all eligible groups completed Forms 2 for each candidate, a ballot paper, and instructions on how to vote five weeks before the deadline for return, which will be one clear day before the SG meeting immediately before which the count will be completed.
Each branch will be asked to confirm receipt of the ballot paper to the Election Committee within seven days. The Election Committee will pursue missing acknowledgements and re-send ballot papers as necessary to try to ensure that all eligible groups are in receipt of ballot papers.
Voting will be by single transferrable vote based on the model ballot form below. (see Form 3: Model ballot paper) unless the Steering Group decides to use another voting system.
Ballot papers must be returned before midnight one clear day before the count. If ballot papers have not been returned by seven days before the count, the Election Committee should endeavour to persuade Local Groups to return their ballots.
Ballot papers should be signed by two KONP members present at the meeting where they were completed. The meeting may be 'virtual' when there are legal or medical barriers precluding face-
to-face gatherings. The ballot result may then be sent to the Election Committee by email or post,
endorsed by the two KONP members. Should this prove difficult for a full affiliate group, groups should send in their ballot paper with a note of explanation to the Election Committee. The Election Committee will adjudicate on the validity of ballot papers and their decision will be final.
A copy of the minutes of the meeting or at least the section of the meeting at which the ballot was completed, indicating numbers present, should be enclosed with the ballot papers. Failure to return validation of collective decision making regarding the election will disqualify a group from voting. Any members belonging to more than one group should exercise their vote at one group only.
The count will take place immediately before the SG meeting designated in the notification of the election sent to the local groups/full affiliates. (See paragraph 3 above). Any SG member can attend as an observer. Counting will be carried out in the following order: co-chairs, secretary, treasurer, non-officer ECMs.
Once the count is completed the Election Committee will announce the results at the SG meeting. It will send the results to each Local Group / Full Affiliate within seven days of the count, prepare a report on its activities for the EC/SG if required and then disband itself.
Those elected begin their new roles with immediate effect.
Form 1: Model letter for announcing the election
Announcement of the election for the Executive Committee of
"Keep Our NHS Public" and invitation to candidates ( form 1)
Dear KONP Steering Group Members and key contacts for local KONP and full affiliate groups
At the Steering Group meeting on …………………. the Chair announced that elections are to be held for the Executive Committee. The elections will be for the following roles: co-chair (2 posts), the secretary, the treasurer and non officer executive committee members (6 posts). Any member of the Steering Group (except co-optees) may stand for election.
It is possible to stand for more than one post eg. a member who stands for secretary should also stand for one of the posts of ordinary Executive Committee member if they wish to be on the EC should they not be elected as secretary.
To ensure that the election process is as democratic and inclusive as possible, ballot papers should be completed at a meeting of a KONP or full affiliate group and minutes of the meeting or at least the relevant section of the meeting should be returned with the ballot paper.
Please note the following deadlines:
Anyone who wishes to be a candidate must return the attached Form 2: Candidate's Details by …………. ( date) Completed forms should be e mailed to ………………….. or posted to …………………………………….
The Election Committee will send you an acknowledgment that your form has been received within 4 days.
The named contacts for all KONP and full affiliate groups will receive by e mail the completed Form 2s for all candidates, a ballot paper and an explanation of how to vote using the single transferable vote system by …………………. ( date)
Please confirm receipt of your ballot paper by ……………. ( date ) by e mailing the election
group at ………………………………..
You must return your ballot paper to ……………………. by ……………………… (date). Please do not leave returning your ballot paper to the last minute. If your ballot paper is not received by midnight on the date above your KONP or Full Affiliate group will be disqualified from voting.
Your completed ballot paper should be signed by 2 KONP members present at the meeting where it was completed. Should this prove difficult for a full affiliate group, please send in your ballot paper anyway with a note of explanation to the Election Committee. The Election Committee will adjudicate on the validity of ballot papers and their decision will be final.
A copy of the minutes of the meeting or at least the section of the meeting at which the ballot was completed, indicating numbers present, should be enclosed with your ballot paper. In exceptional cases where this has not been possible, evidence of alternative methods of collective decision making needs to be supplied.Failure to return validation of collective decision making regarding the election will disqualify your Local Group from voting. Any members belonging to more than one group should exercise their vote at one group only.
Please e mail ……………………………… to advise your ballot paper has been sent. The Election Committee will acknowledge receipt of your ballot paper by e mail.
The count will take place immediately before the Steering Group meeting on …………………..( date) and will be open to SG members.
Form 2 : Candidate's Details
Post(s) applied for: please write YES against any posts for which you wish to be considered.
Co chair (two posts) … … … … … …
Secretary (one post) … … … … … …
Treasurer (one post) … … … … … …
Ordinary Executive Member (six posts) … … … … …
Name: ………………………………………………………
KONP or full affiliate group: …………………………………………………
Length of Membership of KONP:
Relevant background, experience, skills, political & trade union allegiances and activities in pursuit of the aims of KONP (max 250 words)
What I see as the key priorities for KONP in the coming year and if elected, how I intend to help KONP pursue these (250 words)
Declaration of any relevant commercial or charitable interests:
Form 3: Model Ballot Paper: Elections to Executive Committee (year)
Co-Chair (2 posts)
Candidate Vote
Candidate A
Candidate B
Candidate C
Candidate D
Candidate E
Candidate F
Secretary (1 post)
Treasurer (1 post)
Non Officer ECMs (6 posts)
Candidate G
Candidate H
Candidate I
Candidate J
Candidate K
Candidate L
For each table rank the candidates in order of preference by putting '1' next to the name of your first choice, '2' next to your second choice, etc. You do not have to vote for all the candidates in a table but you can if you wish. Under STV you cannot have tie votes; you must not give the same number to more than one candidate in each table.
Candidates are likely to appear in more than one table. You will probably find it easier to vote for the officers first but treat each table as if it were a separate election and rank candidates as suggested above.
At the count the election of officers will be dealt with first. As elected officers become members of the EC they will be removed from the non-officer ECMs table. This means for example if your first and second choices for non-officer ECMs are elected as officers your group's third and fourth choices for non-officer ECMs will be treated as your first and second choices.
Form 3b: Validating information to accompany the ballot paper
You are required to attach the following validating information with your completed ballot paper
NB: please do not write on the ballot paper; use this separate sheet.
Name of group: ……………………………………………………………
Location: ……………………………..
Signatures of 2 KONP members present at the vote.
Explanation of how the vote was conducted and relevant evidence
To ensure that the election process for the EC is as democratic as possible, it is expected that ballot papers will be completed in a meeting of your group.
To evidence this, please attach minutes of the meeting at which the ballot paper was completed or at least a note of the relevant part of the meeting with numbers present.
In the exceptional circumstance where it did not prove possible to have a meeting to complete the ballot paper, please explain to the Election Committee:
why this wasn't possible
what you did to ensure that the completion of your ballot paper was a collective process
How the Counting is Done
In order to vote, you only need to rank the candidates. However, in order to understand how the voting is fair, it is useful to understand how single transferrable vote (STV) works. A successful candidate must achieve a quota of the total votes cast. A quota is calculated using the following formula:
Required quota = (votes cast/number of posts + 1) + 1 vote.
eg: 50 votes for 2 posts translates to [50 / 2+1] + 1 = 50/3 + 1 = 16.7 + 1 = 18 votes
eg: 50 votes for 1 post translates to [50 / 1+1] + 1 = 50/2 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26 votes
To make a percentage, multiply the number of votes needed for an individual by 100 and divide by total votes. So if there is only one post for a role and 50 votes case, a candidate needs:
[25×100/50 + 1] per cent = [50 +1]% = 51% of the votes cast to reach the quota.
The count is done as follows:
A candidate who has reached or exceeded the quota is declared elected.
If a candidate has more votes than the quota, surplus votes are transferred to other candidates. Votes that would have gone to the winner go to the next preference.
If not enough candidates meet the quota, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and those votes are transferred to the second preferences.
This process repeats until either a winner is found for every post or there are as many posts as remaining candidates.
In the simplest case where there is one post per role all the first choices are counted. If a candidate gets 50% of the vote plus one vote, then they have won.
If noone reaches the quota then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and his/her votes are allocated to the second choices on his/her supporter's ballot papers. If still, no candidate has reached the quota, then the next candidate from the bottom has the second choices on their ballot papers allocated, and so on until someone reaches the quota and becomes the elected candidate.
The process is similar if there is more than one post per role as in the case of the co-chairs. In this case using the formula above, the quota will be 33% (you can't have fractions of a vote so the figure is rounded down) plus one vote.
Again the first choices are counted. If any candidate reaches the quota, they are elected. (There can't be more than two because of the way the quota is calculated). Any votes over the quota are distributed to the second choice candidates. If not enough candidates have reached the quota, then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated (as per the one post example above) and their votes distributed to the second choices. This happens as above until enough candidates have reached the quota.
In the case of the non-officer ECMs there are six posts for the role so the quota is different
(6 posts + 1 = 7; 7/100 = 14%), but the procedure is the same as for the co-chairs above.
There is one further complication. Each candidate may stand for more than one post. For example, a candidate may wish to stand as an officer, but failing that, be a non-officer ECM. This system also offers local groups/full affiliates more choice.
STV allows for this very easily. If you put '1' by your first choice candidate, but s/he is elected for another post prior to the count for the current post (whatever it may be), then their name is removed from the ballot and your second choice becomes your first choice. This of course may also happen to your second choice, in which case your third choice becomes your first choice, etc.
For more information on STV see Wikipedia and the Electoral Reform Society.
[1] This is versions 13 of the KONP constitution adopted with amendments at KONP Steering Group (SG) October 2015; with subsequent amendments at KONP SGs of April & September 2016, January & September 2018 (2. social care) and May 2020
[2] Clause 4.4 was adopted by KONP SG on 13th January 2018. Clause 5.3 was amended by KONP SG on 13th January 2018; 5.5 (5.5.1-5.5.3) was adopted at KONP SG of 10th September 2016
[3] amendments agreed October 2015 and April 2016 SGs; amendment to 6.4 agreed by KONP SG Jan 13 2018
4 Clause 8.6.6 and amendments to: 8.5, 8.6.4 and 8.6.11 were adopted at the KONP SG 13th January 2018; 8.6.1 was adopted at KONP SG 10th September 2016
[5] October 2015 SG: KONP President [WS] proposed an amendment, duly seconded, to a motion on the election [MH]. This allowed KONP SG, if required, to call in an outside body such as the Electoral Reform Society to oversee KONP elections. This was passed.
[6] Clause 8.6.13 was adopted at KONP SG 10th September 2016; clauses 8.6.15 and 8.6.16 were adopted at KONP SG 13th January 2018
7 Clause 8.6.16 was adopted at KONP SG on 9th May 2020
[8] amendment agreed October 2015 SG 9 amendment agreed May 9th SG 2020


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We can't stop Loving Basit in Azmaish Ary Digital
The drama serial Azmaish has gained the interest of the audience in just a couple of episodes. The lead male actor Fahad Sheikh's role in the drama was prominent from the very beginning due to his brilliant acting. But in the 17 and 18 episodes of Azmaish, Fahad Sheikh's character has become the most attractive thing in drama right now. Undoubtedly, the audience is enjoying the story and all the character's performances more after this episode. Yashma Gill's performance as a negative character seemed a bit challenging. But she is carrying it well.
Every character in drama serial Azmaish airing on ARY digital is doing his/her best. The drama legend Shahod Alvi who is playing the role of Tufail (father of Shiza and Samreen) in recent episodes was mesmerizing. These episode revolve around him and his son in law Basit.
In recently aired episodes 17 and 18. Tufail offered a higher rank in office to Basit. But he rejects the offer as he chose his self-respect over wealth. Basit seems to be acknowledging Tufail's efforts to keep him happy. Basit seemed disturbed after getting offers of unnecessary favors from his father-in-law. Because he accepted Shiza as his wife because of his boss's order to take care of his health.
Tufail had a heart attack due to Shiza's stubborn behavior. In episodes 17 and 18 when Shiza demanded a divorce from Basit saying that he married her just because of the wealth her father had and she wants to end the relationship. Tufail again got chest pain. On which everyone became worried. Samreen scolded shiza for her behavior with her father and asked her to apologize. Shiza apologized and promised that she will spend her life with Basit.
We are expecting something very intriguing in upcoming episodes. And fans have a belief that this drama will also be a blockbuster of Fahad Sheikh like Jalan and Dunk.
Pakistani audiences have become used to watching those traditional stories again and again on every entertainment channel. Stories like Jalan and Azmaish are quite different and interesting for actors and audiences as well. Also, it's a bit challenging and risky to work in dramas like this.
Fahad Sheikh's diversifying role in the recent episode of Azmaish had the same energy like there was in Jalan. He is proving that no risk no gain. And the variety of projects he is handling at the moment and doesn't let any character get mixed with others is incredible. Hats off to him for working this hard to achieve his goals. Such an inspiration he is for all the talented people around us. Anyone who is thinking about pursuing an acting career should follow his journey. diversifying role in the recent episode of Azmaish had the same energy like there was in Jalan. He is proving that no risk no gain. And the variety of projects he is handling at the moment and doesn't let any character get mixed with others is incredible. Hats off to him for working this hard to achieve his goals. Such an inspiration he is for all the talented people around us. Anyone who is thinking about pursuing an acting career should follow his journey.
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News Local State
Made in Michigan • MedFarms Achieves Impressive Levels of Growth
Posted In: News, Local, State, From Issue 920 By: Robert E Martin
07th October, 2021 0
MedFarms Chesaning farming operation clocked an unprecedented level of growth, with plants reaching over 7 feet tall and weighing over 100 pounds.
MedFarms is a completely green and self-sufficient farming operation, featuring a 45-foot deep reservoir with a million two-hundred-fifty thousand gallons of water so all their plants are fed naturally.
Quietly nestled on 45 acres of pristine fields near Chesaning amidst neighboring crops of corn, beans, and pumpkins, MedFarms cannabis farming operation is one of the pioneering outdoor cannabis growing facilities within the Great Lakes Bay Region that is also setting new records for growth throughout the State of Michigan.
In addition to supplying product for The ReLeaf Centers' four dispensary storefronts in Niles, Lapeer, Chesaning, and Buena Vista, MedFarms eminently clean, secure, safe, and tightly run farming operation also contains an extraction kitchen for processing concentrates and edibles, which is located in their Niles location and allows it to function as a fully integrated operation.
According to farming facilitator George Pittenturf, throughout each phase of the growing season from planting to harvest, MedFarms has done an amazing job with maintaining their facility and keeping it as clean as possible - a concerted effort that has reaped some remarkable results over this Fall's harvest season.
"The State of Michigan has a metric tracking system that allows them to monitor our entire inventory of plants," he explains. "Each plant has a state license metric tag with a unique license number, so when a search is run on the farm's inventory, each plant can be sourced directly from top to bottom. Anything over eight inches in height is not considered a vegetative plant anymore and needs to be tagged so that the State can technically monitor each sale from seed to point-of-sale."
Whether it was due to the level of rainfall during this current growing season, the fertility of the soil, or most likely the talents of MedFarms Chief Growers, recently the State of Michigan paid a visit to the farm because when they were running an inventory check of the plants, several of them were clocking weight numbers of 100 pounds emanating from one plant alone!
"At first they thought we were fudging our numbers," continues Pittenturf, because they didn't believe one plant could get that big," he continues. "The inspectors wanted to view the plants in person because I believe we were the first farm they've encountered throughout the entire state that generated plants with this volume and weight, so immediately they got red-flagged."
"When they actually came out to witness the plants with their own eyes they were dumbfounded, because they'd never seen anything like this before. Basically, they said 'Okay, you are doing this legitimately, this is real, and we are impressed; and of course, we think it's great the state is doing a good job being conscientious and making sure everything is legitimate."
As George explains it, each farm is only allowed a set number of plants per license and nobody expected the ones at MedFarms to grow this large in size.
"We must be doing something right," he notes. "If you look at the stalks they're the size of a small tree trunk. A group of our growers have been doing this medically and legally for years, so if we supply them with the necessities that they need they are able to produce something huge. You need to provide certain nutrients because the State of Michigan is so rigorous on testing and it's safe to say we are regulated higher than most pharmaceutical companies. We have 160 different tests to comply with so people know that the product they buy in our store - especially with our oils - is safer than anything they buy in a grocery store. Our goal is to supply safe quality medicine for people."
According to one of their Master Growers, Andrew, "We call this crop of plants the 'Incredible Hulk' because its 7 feet tall and we expected them to get this big. We know how to grow. They should top out 2 feet higher than that and a lot of it has to do with what we call aqua-culturing. We have our own 45-foot deep reservoir with a million two-hundred-fifty thousand gallons of water so everything is fed naturally."
"Lots of people do things different ways," he continues. "As a principle grower I've always grown this way, since I was a kid in high school. Nutrients are so important and then we make concentrate out of the leftovers. There exists a subsidiary industry for byproducts whereby you can turn it into a carbon compound and burn it for fuel and energy, which is better than having it end up in a landfill. It's totally recyclable and our operation is totally green, apart from a little electricity needed to filter the system up front."
"The most challenging component was building the operation out, but if you give the plant water it will grow itself, all we really do is give them a little help and supply a support system along the way. The less energy the plant has to spend on supporting itself the more energy it has to build its structure."
Interestingly enough, at The ReLeaf Center dispensaries, 70% of their sales is with edibles and oils while 30% is actual flower usage.
According to Andrew, the growing season actually beings in February and starts with taking clones. "The seeds are proprietary and are purchased online and through various routes. One of my personal favorites is 'Gorilla Breath', which is doing quite well; and then we have 'Gorilla Thunder', which is a Maui Waui variant. We also get many different oils per yield and have 60 different strains of Cannabis out here."
Unlike indoor growing, outdoor operations don't have to concern themselves as much with molds and different types of infestations, as nature has a tendency to take its course. "It's a dog eat dog world and we might have a predatory bug doing damage to some plants, but then a lady bug will come along and take care of them - Mother Nature has a tendency to take care of herself most of the time."
While the newer grow area a MedFarms has all been built up since June 16th of this year, all the processing is done at their Niles location. We move them outdoors from our staging area and keep the babies there until they're big enough to move outside. Once grown they will move to the trimming stage where we cut the plant, dry it up, and process the entire plant."


Pursuant to University of Louisiana System Board of Supervisors Policies and Procedures Memoranda (Policy Number: S-II.), McNeese State University provides optional insurance coverage to students subject to minimum enrollment criteria mutually agreed and accepted by the University and insurance vendor. This coverage is made available through a third party benefit provider selected by the University through a competitive process and must meet the minimum standards prescribed under applicable law including, but not limited to, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA) of 2010. This policy is subject to change as provisions of these laws become effective.
Domestic and international students are eligible to elect and enroll in a University-offered insurance plan in fall, spring, and summer terms subject to enrollment criteria mutually agreed upon and accepted by the University and insurance vendor. This insurance is optional and the student must enroll in and pay directly with the vendor if they wish to obtain coverage. Students may also elect to seek, appropriate to individual situations and eligibility, sickness and injury insurance through their parents, spouse, or private carrier of their own choosing. This service is overseen by the Office of University Services.
Students pursuing studies in nursing, radiologic sciences, clinical laboratory sciences, and other health-related fields may wish to consider purchasing insurance coverage, if appropriate, in order to comply with the requirements of clinical health care education sites (hospitals, medical laboratories, physician offices, other healthcare facilities) to which McNeese students are frequently assigned. Students with no form of injury and sickness insurance may be prohibited from visiting certain clinical sites associated with academic programs of the University. Students should contact the faculty coordinator or department head of the academic program in which they are enrolled, or the dean of the college in which the academic program is located, for additional guidance and assistance regarding insurance and related requirements associated with clinical education sites.
International students studying at McNeese, and McNeese students (both domestic and international) participating in study abroad programs for academic and/or enrichment purposes through McNeese or a partnering institution, may be required to purchase and/or provide proof of insurance coverage for sickness, injury, travel, and related concerns. Students should contact the Office of International Student Programs for additional guidance and assistance with insurance and related requirements associated with international student status and study abroad programs.
This policy is communicated through the University Policy Page, Academic Advisory Council, Administrative Advisory Council, the University Listserv, and the Student Listserv.


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New 'Little Big Shots' TV Show Celebrates Extraordinary Seniors
Last updated 10/9/2017 at 8:53am | View PDF
Appearing on the premier of NBC's new show "Little Big Shots: Forever Young" were (front, left to right) Arthur Duncan, Betty White and Steve Harvey, posing with two musicians.
"Little Big Shots: Forever Young" premiered on Wednesday, June 21 with five amazing young-at-heart seniors and a special guest appearance by Betty White. The one-hour show on NBC is executive produced by Ellen DeGeneres and host Steve Harvey.
Following up on the success of "Little Big Shots," in which kids brought their incredible talents to a primetime audience, "Little Big Shots: Forever Young" features amazing seniors ranging in age from 60 to 103, showcasing their hidden talents, vibrant personalities and incredible wisdom.
Seniors featured in the premiere included 72-year-old Larry from Florida, who spent 40 years working as a plumber and is now able to pursue his passion for singing opera; and Arthur, an 80-year-old tap dancer and former performer on "The Lawrence Welk Show" from Pasadena, who showed off his fancy footwork and was surprised by Betty White, who had given him his first break on television.
Harvey also visited with 11-time Grammy Award-winning gospel singer and pastor Shirley Caesar, who is receiving her 12th Grammy – a Lifetime Achievement Award – in July.
Other remarkable seniors featured include Chips from New Jersey, a funny magician/illusionist; and an 81-year-old high-flying great grandma and daredevil from Florida, who is part of the famous Wallenda family of circus performers and who has performed on the sway pole for 52 years. She showed off her talent at 85 feet in the air, fearless and with no safety net, in a nail-biting performance viewers.
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The Albanian Consultants Network is a prestigious professional organization that brings together the professional consultants operating in Albania. ACN is the organization to unify, strengthen and advance the profession of management consultancy.
ACN brings together highly qualified local consultants in a new enhanced effort to introduce a complete package of services including consultancy in Management, Finance, Marketing, Quality Standards, Human Resources, Engineering, Legal assistance, etc.
ACN aims to keep high the professional image and the ethical reputation of Albanian consultants.
ACN is a socially responsible organization that contributes to overcome the challenges in the economic and social development of the country and its integration into the European family.
ACN is part of an international network of consultants and contributes to the development of the consulting profession and sharing and improving of the management practices.
The Albanian Consultants Network is an initiative supported by BAS Programme in Albania, aiming to bring closer the local MSMEs and the local consultants towards better tailored win-win cooperation.


During my time with MSL Design, I had the opportunity to work with two senior designers in the fascinating problem space of transportation and border security. Over the course of a few years, we designed and delivered five GUIs for a line of security products.
Our primary client, Leidos, has a line of mobile transportation and baggage security systems.
Although I've worked on several Leidos products, I'm unable to show more than the screenshots shown here.
Comprehensive, interactive prototypes act as both an engineering and marketing tool.
At such a large company, delivering production specs and comprehensive prototypes help communicate intended behavior and UI states. Simulations were built in Adobe Flash.


The caring staff at Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area provide calming and well-maintained grounds made to meet the needs of every single family and to commemorate the lives of the buried on the grounds. Trust is their top concern plus they specialize in tradition funerals, simple cremation, grief support, urn selection, and military memorial services including offering veteran burial flags. The memorial service director will certainly guide you through all aspects of the program; including memorial service flowers, casket choices, suitable music selection, and local accommodations. The professional, dedicated staff can help you in making memorial service preparations, funeral planning, and talk you through cremation choices.
In order to help you get in touch with Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area or if you need the address meant for Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area, their information is listed above. If you are interested in sending funeral flowers to a family that has a loved one here}, you can send out funeral blossoms to Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area today. The florists near Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area contain a wonderful and diverse selection of wreaths, arrangements, and baskets to help exhibit your empathy for the family.
If you are interested in preplanning your funeral, you can be sure your legacy will be guarded and that you may have peace of mind. This location has proudly served the area with exceptional care for years and can help guide your loved ones through funeral service etiquette, customize your memorial, funeral costs, directions to cemeteries, guestbook, online obituary creation, and telling your life story.
Located in Reedsport, Oregon and 2.5 miles from town center of Reedsport, this business is in Douglas County and will serve the surrounding areas of: Winchestr Bay, Win Bay, Winchester Bay, Murphys Camp, Greenacres, Dunes City, Eastside, Charleston, and Coos Head Naval Facility.
No Myrtle Grove Funeral Service Bay Area Obits are listed at this time but if you need to send memorial flowers or funeral flowers, you can do so by clicking this link.