text:
Water Science
Study of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Wastewater From Some Selected Location on Amba Nalla, Amravati
Indian Journal of Applied Research 3(8):311-314
DOI:10.15373/2249555X/AUG2013/97
Sangita Pradeep Ingole
Shri Shivaji Science College
Dr. Arvind Chavhan
Digambarrao Bindu ACS College Bhokar
Jayashree Dhote
The waste water from some selected areas on Amba Nalla, Amravati City has been studied. The various parameters studied include the physical parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) and chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, salinity, chlorine) The pH of the samples ranged from 7.67 ± 0.006 – 9.18 ± 0.008. Total dissolved solids ranged from 408.50 ± 0.003 – 1050.30 ± 0.270 mg/l. Total suspended solids ranged from 17100.00 ± 0.230 – 544400.00 ± 0.430 mg/l. The conductivity of the samples ranged from 657.60 ± 0.300 – 1420.00 ± 0.500μs/cm. The salinity concentrations ranged from 342.200 ± 0.040 – 601.250 ± 0.650 mg/l. The total hardness of the samples analyzed ranged from 1098.600 ± 0.300 – 2603.120 ± 0.500 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen was absent in the entire sample studied. The chloride contents ranged from 280.500 ± 0.120 – 987.670 ± 0.045 mg/l. Most of the physical and chemical parameters of waste water exceeded the ISI permissible level. With the results of this investigation, waste water should not be disposed into the environment or be used as irrigation water for agriculture.
. Physical parameters of waste water from some selected areas Amba Nalla, Amravati City.
Fig no.4: total hardness mg/l content of waste water from selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.5: Cl mg/l content of waste water from selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.2: TDS mg/l content of waste water from selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.7: DO mg/l content of waste water from selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
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INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 311
Volume : 3 | Issue : 8 | Aug 2013 | ISSN - 2249-555X
Study of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Wastewater
From Some Selected Location on Amba Nalla,
Dr. Sangita P. Ingole Prof. Arvind Chavhan Dr. Jayashree D. Dhote
Department o Environmental
Science, Shri Shivaji Science
College, Amravati-444603.
Department of Zoology, Shri Shivaji
Science College, Amravati-444603
waste, domestic activities, physical and chemical parameters
The waste water from some selected areas on Amba Nalla, Amravati City has been studied. The various pa-
rameters studied include the physical parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids and total suspend-
ed solids) and chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, salinity, chlorine) The pH of the samples ranged from
7.67 ± 0.006 – 9.18 ± 0.008. Total dissolved solids ranged from 408.50 ± 0.003 – 1050.30 ± 0.270 mg/l. Total suspended
solids ranged from 17100.00 ± 0.230 – 544400.00 ± 0.430 mg/l. The conductivity of the samples ranged from 657.60 ±
0.300 – 1420.00 ± 0.500μs/cm. The salinity concentrations ranged from 342.200 ± 0.040 – 601.250 ± 0.650 mg/l. The total
hardness of the samples analyzed ranged from 1098.600 ± 0.300 – 2603.120 ± 0.500 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen was absent in
the entire sample studied. The chloride contents ranged from 280.500 ± 0.120 – 987.670 ± 0.045 mg/l. Most of the physi-
cal and chemical parameters of waste water exceeded the ISI permissible level. With the results of this investigation, waste
water should not be disposed into the environment or be used as irrigation water for agriculture.
Pollution of land, rivers and streams by waste has become
one of the most crucial environmental problems of the 21st
century. The rapid development of urbanization and indus-
trialization led to the rising use of sewage for agricultural
land irrigation and water pollution. Sewage provides water
and valuable plant nutrients; it leads to the potential accu-
mulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils (Abdel- Sabour,
2003; Zhang et al., 2008; Maldonado, 2008). The disposal of
sewage sludge on soils as a fertilizer for agriculture or as a
regenerative for soil is the most attractive application since
the sludge act as a source of nutrients for crop production
owing to their high content of organic matters (Walter et al.,
1994). Sewage is made up of excrement, excreta, wastewa-
ter from cloth washing machines, waste from kitchen dish-
es, bathing water, paper fiber, food particles, vomit, gar-
bage, etc. They also contain dissolved oxygen (DO) which
includes: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD), Oxygen Demand Index (ODI), and
Total Oxygen Carbon (TOC). Domestic pollutants associat-
ed with organic matter inorganic dissolved solids and other
unwanted chemicals cause serious ground water problems
(Tyagi, 2000). During the past decade, widespread reports
of ground water contamination have increased public con-
cern about drinking water quality (Yanggen and Born, 1990).
The waste water gets accumulated in the form of stagnant
water and if there are any drinking water pipes near to that
area, there is a chance for the intrusion of waste water in
drinking water pipelines. Therefore, this present study was
aimed to determine the physical and chemical parameters
of waste water from some selected areas in on Amba Nalla,
Amravati city, Maharashtra.
Sample Collection and Preparation. Eight samples (4 samples
from pit and 4 samples from ground) of sewage were col-
lected in plastic bottles from four different locations on Amba
Nalla, Amravati city, Maharashtra in the month of January,
2012. The samples were labeled as follows: Wadali a; Wadali
b; Gopal Nagar a; Gopal Nagar b; Devi a; Devi b; Kholapuri
Gate a and Kholapuri Gate b. Where a and b represent pit
and ground sewage respectively. The collected samples were
analyzed within 24 hours.
Determination of pH and conductivity: The pH and conduc-
tivity of the samples were measured by using the water anal-
ysis kit (CENTURY CK 711). Chemical and physical param-
eters of the samples were determined by standard methods
(APHA, 2000; Trivedy and Goel, 1984).
Table 1. Physical parameters of waste water from some selected areas Amba Nalla, Amravati City.
Waste Sample and
pH TDS mg/l TSS mg/l Conductivity l μs/cm
Wadali
A 8.12 ± 0.005 950.32 ± 0.012 18800± 0.250 1304.50 ± 0.300
B 7.67 ± 0.006 550.56± 0.004 476010 ±0.050 797.00 ± 0.200
Gopal Nagar
A 9.18 ± 0.008 780.50± 0.024 23006± 0.500 1087.40 ± 0.600
B 8.45 ± 0.005 408.50± 0.003 544400± 0.430 657.60 ± 0.300
A 8.62 ± 0.005 1050.30± 0.270 17100± 0.230 1420.00 ± 0.500
Kholapuri Gate
a = Pit Sewage b = Ground Sewage;
312 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
Table 2: Chemical parameters of waste water from some selected areas Amba Nalla, Amravati City.
Waste Sample
and locations
Total hardness mg/l Cl mg/l Salinity mg/l DO mg/l
A 1987.200 ± .050 540.500 ±0.008 468.600 ± 0.450 NIL
B 1098.600± 0.300 280.500 ± 0.120 342.200 ± 0.040 NIL
A 2122.250± 0.400 580.600± 0.340 513.800 ± 0.200 NIL
B 1301.170± 0.005 440.610± 0.040 421.000 ± 0.030 NIL
Fig no.4: total hardness mg/l content of waste water from
selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.5: Cl mg/l content of waste water from selected
area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.6: salinity mg/l content of waste water from se-
lected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
a = Pit Sewage b = Ground Sewage.
Fig no.1: pH content of waste water from selected area on
Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.2: TDS mg/l content of waste water from selected
Fig no.3: Conductivity in μs/cm content of waste water
from selected area on Amba Nalla, Amravati city.
Fig no.7: DO mg/l content of waste water from selected
The physical parameters of the sewage from some selected
areas Amba Nalla, Amravati city, Maharashtra were present-
ed in Table 1 and Fig 1-7.
1. pH:
The pH of the samples ranged from 7.67 ± 0.006 – 9.18
± 0.008. Gopal Nagar a had the highest pH value (9.18 ±
0.008) while, Wadali b had the lowest value (7.67 ± 0.006).
The increase in pH can be attributed to organic pollution,
alkaline chemicals, soap and detergents produced due to
commercial and residential activities. The pH of the sam-
ples are within the permissible limit (6.5 – 8.5) by W.H.O
for aesthetic quality except sample Gopal Nagar a (9.18
± 0.008) and Ca (8.62 ± 0.005). pH of the samples were
similar to the range 8.0 – 9.4 reported by Krishnan et al.,
2. TDS:
Total dissolved solids ranged from 408.50 ± 0.003 – 1050.30
± 0.270 mg/l. Sample Devi a had the highest content
(1050.30 ± 0.270 mg/l) of total dissolved solids while Gopal
Nagar b had the lowest content (408.50 ± 0.003). Total dis-
solved solids is a measure of the combined content of all
inorganic and organic substances contained in molecular,
ionized or micro granular suspended form. High total dis-
solved solids content generally indicate hard water, which
can cause scale buildup in pipes, valves and filters. Thresh-
old of accepted aesthetic criteria for human drinking water
is 100 mg/l. Research has shown that exposure to high to-
tal dissolved solids is compounded in toxicity when other
stressors are present, such as abnormal pH, high turbidly,
or reduced dissolved oxygen with the latter stressor act-
ing only in the case of anmaila. High total dissolved solids
concentrations can produce laxative effects and can give an
unpleasant mineral taste to water. High total dissolved solid
concentrations are also unsuitable for many industrial ap-
plications. High total dissolved solids may also reduce water
clarity, contribute to a decrease in photosynthesis, combine
with toxic compounds and heavy metals and could lead to
an increase in water temperature.
3. TSS
Total suspended solids ranged from 17100.00 ± 0.230 –
544400.00 ± 0.430 mg/l. Gopal Nagar b had the highest
concentration (544400.00 ± 0.430 mg/l) while Devi a had
the lowest concentration (17100.00 ± 0.230). The high
amount of the total suspended solids is mainly due to the
discharge of domestic waste (Palanivel and Rajaguru, 1999).
High concentrations of suspended solids can cause many
problems for stream health and aquatic life by blocking
light from reaching submerged vegetation and reduces the
rates of photosynthesis causes less dissolved oxygen to
be released into the water by plants. If light is completely
blocked from bottom dwelling plants, the plants will stop
producing oxygen and will die. As the plants are decom-
posed, bacteria will use up even more oxygen from the wa-
ter. High total suspended solids can also cause an increase
in surface water temperature, because the suspended parti-
cles absorbed heat from sunlight.
4. Conductivity:
The conductivity of the samples ranged from 657.60 ± 0.300
– 1420.00 ± 0.500 μs/cm. Sample Devi a had the highest
conductivity (1420.00 ± 0.500 μs/cm) while Gopal Nagar b
had the lowest conductivity (657.60 ± 0.300 μs/cm). Electric
conductivity of water is directly related to the concentration
of dissolved ionized solids in the sewage. Ions from the dis-
solved solids in waste water create the ability for the sewage
to conduct an electrical current.
The chemical parameters of sewage samples investigated in
this study were presented in Table 2.
5. Salinity:
The salinity concentrations ranged from 342.200 ± 0.040
– 601.250 ± 0.650 mg/l. Kholapuri Gate a had the highest
salinity concentration (601.250 ± 0.650 mg/l) while Wadali
b had the lowest (342.200 ± 0.040 mg/l) concentration of
salinity might be due to discharge of domestic wastes con-
taining high concentration of chlorides. The results of salinity
obtained in this study were lower than the results reported by
Krishnan et al.,(2007).
6. Hardness:
The total hardness of the samples analyzed ranged from
1098.600 ± 0.300 – 2603.120 ± 0.500 mg/l. Sample
Kholapuri Gate a had the highest concentration (2603.120
± 0.500 mg/l) while Wadali b had the lowest concentration
(1098.600 ± 0.300 mg/l). Total hardness represents the
concentration of calcium and magnesium. The total hard-
ness of the samples investigated were high when com-
pared with the desirable limit which is 200 mg/l in water as
per ISI and higher than results obtained by Krishnan et al.,
(2007) and Roy and Kumar,(2002). Permanent hardness is
mainly caused by chlorides and sulphates (Roy and Kumar,
7. DO:
From the investigation carried out, dissolved oxygen was ab-
sent in the entire sample studied. This suggests that most
of the discharges are organic in nature and hence require
oxygen for decomposition. High decomposition of organic
substances in sewage, indicate high pollution load and also
reduces the dissolved oxygen. The deficiency of the oxygen
in the samples is shelter for bacteria and other pathogens,
which are anaerobic and injurious to human health. The re-
sults were similar to the results obtained by Krishnan et al.,
8. Chloride:
The chloride contents ranged from 280.500 ± 0.120 –
987.670 ± 0.045 mg/l. Wadali b had the lowest Chloride
concentration (280.500 ± 0.120 mg/l). The high concentra-
tion of chloride is due to dissolution of salts from domestic
The levels of the parameters investigated exceeded the per-
missible limit for domestic water purposes, agriculture pur-
pose and fish production. The waste water must be treated
before disposed into the environment for avoiding health
hazards.
We are Grateful to University Grant commission for the fund-
ing this research under Major Research Project F. no. 39-
314/2010. Basically this research paper is based on initial
research work. We are grateful MNC, Amravati for provide
valuable information regards major sewer of Amravati City.
It's our immense pleasure to acknowledge our Principal Dr.
V.G, Thakare for their support and encouragement during
1. Abdel-Sabour, M.F., Impact of wastewater reuse on cobalt status in Egyptian environment. J. Environ. Sci. 15(3), 2003, pp. 388 – 395. | 2.
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R. Radha, K. Dharmaraj and B.D. Ranjitha Kumari., A comparative study on the physicochemical and bacterial analysis of drinking, bore well and sewage water in
the three different places of Sivakasi. Jour. of Environ. Biol. 28(1), 2007, pp. 105-108. | 4. Maldonado, V.M., Heavy metal content in soils under different wastewater
irrigation patterns in Chihuahua, mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 5(5), (2008), pp. 441 – 449. | 5. Palanivel, M. and Rajaguru, P., The present status of the river
Noyyal. Workshop on environmental status of rivers in Tamil Nadu, Bharathiar University. Coimbatore Press. 1999, pp. 53-57. | 6. Roy, Y. and Kumar, R. A., A study of
water quality of the rivers of Ranchi district. Ind. J. Environ. Protec., 21(5), 2002, pp. 398-402. | 7. Trivedy, R.K. and Goel, P. K., Chemical and biological methods for
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10. Yanggen, D.A. and Born, S.M., Protecting ground water quality by managing local land use. J. Soil Water Conser., 45 (2), 1990, pp. 207-210 | 11. Zhang, Y.L., Dai,
J.L., Wang, R.Q. and Zhang, J., Effects of long-term sewage irrigation on agricultural soil microbial structural and functional characterizations in Shandong, China.
Eur.J. Soil Biol. 44(1), 2008, pp. 84 – 91. |
... In 2017, the World exchange are usually used. Advanced oxidation processes are Health Organization (WHO) reported that by 2025, 50% of the efficient and eco-friendly methods for the degradation of toxic world's population will live in water-stressed areas [3]. Water chemicals [6] such as pesticides, coloring matters, surfactants, containing unwanted substances, which cause adverse effects pharmaceuticals and so on. ...
... dation of organic compounds. Several researchers have found various wastewater treatment For advanced oxidation processes, the following oxidants methods that reduce the cost for the reuse of the water [3,4]. can be used: (i) ozone, (ii) hydrogen peroxide and (iii) oxy Household wastewater can be reused for floor and car washing, gen. ...
... It can disinfect waters and a destroy pollutants. When UV radiation is coupled with power ful oxidants such as O 3 [29,30]. In Table 6.1, experimental conditions, applica d tions and performances of various photochemical AOPs have is been given. ...
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: Types and Mechanism
Anjali Bishnoi
Mamta Chahar
Sarita Khaturia
Mahto CB
... Due to paucity of funds of the local bodies discharge their domestic's effluents in nearby river through /local nalla without any treatment and it is a major source of surface water pollution. Scientists around the world are working on new strategy for water conservation (Ingole et al., 2013; Dhote et al., 2013; Pangarkar et al., 2010 Rao et al., 2003). It is an opportune time, to refocus on one of the technique to recycle water through the reuse of waste water by economical way. ...
... Waste water treatment is an environmental friendly process as a control of water pollution. Many people have investigated the various waste water treatment methods extensively on the international and national levels and many researchers tried to reduce the cost for recycling of the water (Ingole et al., 2013; Dhote et al., 2013). The household waste water can be reused for other purposes, especially landscape irrigation, floor washing, car washing and toilet flushing. ...
Design of Laboratory Based Waste Water Treatment Plant
Ingole Sangita
The use of conventional water and wastewater treatment processes becomes increasingly challenged with the identification of more and more contaminants, rapid growth of population and industrial activities, and diminishing availability of water resources. It is need of present day to find out proper and reliable technology which is use for treatment of waste water. This paper present the finest design of laboratory scale wastewater treatment plant, which is a combination of natural and physical operations such as primary settling with cascaded water flow, aeration, agitation and filtration (Dual media filter), hence called as hybrid treatment process. The economical performance of the plant for treatment of sewage showed in terms of reduction of organic load of sewage pollutants such as COD (80%), TDS (80%), TSS (81%), and total hardness (78%). Hence, this technology could be a good alternative to treat wastewater for landscaping, gardening, toilet flushing, floor washing, and irrigation.
... Waste water treatment is an environmental friendly process as a control of water pollution. Various waste water treatment methods are extensively followed for recycling of the water [2,3]. The household waste water can be reused for especially landscape irrigation, floor washing, car washing and toilet flushing Francisco Pedero [4]. ...
Development of Cost effective Waste Water Treatment Model for Sustainable Utilization of House Hold Waste Water
Jogattappa Narayana
Design of laboratorybased Wastewater treatment plant.
Treatment of sewage using dual media filter and its sustainable re - use
Impact of wastewater reuse on cobalt status in Egyptian environment
J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA
Mamdouh F. Abdel-Sabour
Cobalt is used in the manufacture of alloys, catalysts in the petroleum industry, catalytic converters, and paint pigments. Thus the potential for Co releases into the environment is highly increased. Use of waste sludges and sewage effluent to fertilize and irrigate soils has also increased soil Co concentrations. Total cobalt contents of alluvial delta soil of Egypt show considerable variation ranging from 13.1 to 64.7 ppm. The impact of either wastewater irrigation or industrial activities on soil total Co was obvious due to accumulation of organic matter and solid waste in the surface soil samples. Food crops and vegetables should not be grown on soil highly contaminated by Co. It is noteworthy that the delayed neutron activation analysis (DNAA) technique could be used successfully for total Co determination due to its high sensitivity. It is quit clearly that dust samples of Cairo City contains higher Co level, as compared to Suez Canal Region (Ismailia, Port Said an El-Sues cities). The high values in Cairo City may be due to the existence of industries around the city and the intensive traffic. To minimize Co environmental hazards, waste effluents should be treated on site. Thus, levels of potentially toxic Co needs to be continuously monitored and should be removed during several treatment processes before the disposal of these wastes.
Effects of long-term sewage irrigation on agricultural soil microbial structural and functional characterizations in Shandong, China
EUR J SOIL BIOL
Y.-L. Zhang
J.L. Dai
R.Q. Wang
Jiezhang Zhang
Soil samples taken from a sewage irrigation area, a partial sewage irrigation area and a ground water irrigation area (control area) were studied with the methods of Biolog and FAME. It was found that the microbial utilization of carbon sources in sewage irrigation areas was much higher than that of control area (P < 0.05). With the increasing of the amount of sewage irrigation, microbial functional diversity slightly increased by the Biolog analysis; however, the amount of epiphyte decreased by the FAME analysis. The results also showed that the Cr, Zn contents were positively correlated with the values of AWCD and the microbial diversity, while Hg content showed negative correlation with the microbial parameters (AWCD of 72 h and Shannon index). Our studies suggested that sewage irrigation resulted in an obvious increase of heavy metals content in soil (P < 0.05), although the maximum heavy metals concentrations were much lower than the current standard of China. Other soil basic characteristics such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (Nt) and organic matter in sewage irrigation areas obviously increased (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is demonstrated that long-term sewage irrigation had influenced soil microorganisms and soil quality in the studied soils. As a result, it is important to monitor the changes in agricultural soils. Furthermore, our results also confirmed that the methods of Biolog and FAME are effective tools for the assessment of soil microbial structure/function and soil health.
A comparative study on the physicochemical and bacterial analysis of drinking, borewell and sewage water in the three different places of Sivakasi
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
K Dharmaraj
B. D. Ranjitha Kumari
The drinking, borewell and sewage water in the Sanmugasikamani Nadar (S.N) street, Naivatti Nadar (N.N) street and Thiruthangal area of Sivakasi has been studied. The various constituents monitored include the physicochemical characters like pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids; chemical parameters like total alkalinity acidity free CO2, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, salinity and bacterial parameters like standard plate count (SPC), total coliform count (TCC), faecal coliform count (FCC), faecal streptococcal count (FSC). Most of the physicochemical characters of drinking and borewell water were within the ISI permissible level. However in water samples from all the sites, bacterial count exceeded the recommended permissible level of WHO. Introduction of sewage into the drinking and borewell water was the main reason for the bacterial contamination. The boiling of water is therefore advisable before consumption. The physicochemical and bacterial characters of the sewage water were unworthy. The sewage water recycling was necessary to minimize the water born diseases.
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The sewage water from some selected areas in Port-Harcourt metropolis has been studied. The various parameters studied include the physical parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids), chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, salinity, chlorine) and metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Mg, Ca, K).The pH of the samples ranged from 7.67 ± 0.006 – 9.18 ± 0.008. ... [Show full abstract] Total dissolved solids ranged from 408.50 ± 0.003 – 1050.30 ± 0.270 mg/l. Total suspended solids ranged from 17100.00 ± 0.230 – 544400.00 ± 0.430 mg/l. The conductivity of the samples ranged from 657.60 ± 0.300 – 1420.00 ± 0.500μs/cm. The salinity concentrations ranged from 342.200 ± 0.040 – 601.250 ± 0.650 mg/l. The total hardness of the samples analyzed ranged from 1098.600 ± 0.300 – 2603.120 ± 0.500 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen was absent in the entire sample studied. The chloride contents ranged from 280.500 ± 0.120 – 987.670 ± 0.045 mg/l. The concentration of Pb ranged from 0.269 ± 0.006 – 2.300 ± 0.002 mg/l. The concentration of Cd ranged from 0.013 ± 0.001 – 0.660 ± 0.002 mg/l. The concentration of Fe ranged from 80.500 ± 0.500 – 267.070 ± 0.250 mg/l. The concentrations of Mg ranged from 60.610 ± 0.200 – 167.320 ± 0.320 mg/l. Calcium content ranged from 86.700 ± 0.160 – 257.800 ± 0.240 mg/l. The concentration of Potassium ranged from 76.200 ± 0.100 – 117.000 ± 0.650 mg/l. Most of the physical and chemical parameters of sewage water exceeded the ISI permissible level. With the results of this investigation, sewage water should not be disposed into the environment or be used as irrigation water for agriculture.
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Julia Diana (Decatoire) Galluzzio, 35 of Rochester passed away Saturday, June 30, 2018 at Memorial Medical Center.
She was born July 6, 1982 in Loveland, CO, the daughter of David and Patricia Moffitt Decatoire. She was preceded in death by a daughter, Alexandria.
Surviving are two daughters, Sydney (17 yrs) and Isabelle (15 yrs); parents, David and Patricia Decatoire of Rochester; sister, Cherish (Ben) Kasper of Springfield; brother, Charles Decatoire of Chatham; grandmother, Iona Moffitt; fiancé, Chad Blackburn of Chatham; several aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.
Visitation will be from 4pm till 7pm, Monday, July 2, 2018 at Bramley Funeral Home, Auburn. Funeral Mass will be at 10am, Tuesday at St. Benedict's Church, Auburn with Rev. James Palakudy officiating.
Memorials may be made to Julia's daughters.


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I love writing and learning new things in order to better educate those in need. I also enjoy hackathons and adventures around the world.
Joe Ansbro
Updated on Jun 28, 2018
Full name Joe Ansbro
School Stonyhurst College
Weight 96 kg (15 st 2 lb)
Height 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Place of birth Glasgow, Scotland
Name Joe Ansbro
Date of birth (1985-10-29) 29 October 1985 (age 30)
Education Stonyhurst College, University of Cambridge
Alasdair strokosch headbutts joe ansbro in celebration
Joe Ansbro (Born Glasgow, 29 October 1985) is a former Scottish international professional rugby union player. He is the first player of African origin to represent Scotland at test level in history. His favoured position is centre. He most recently played for London Irish. After gaining 11 full international caps his rugby career ended due to serious neck injury at the age of 26.
2011 scotland vs ireland joe ansbro scores the match winning try for scotland
Ansbro was born in Glasgow and raised near Gatehouse of Fleet in Dumfries & Galloway, South West Scotland. He was educated at Gatehouse Primary School and played youth rugby with Stewartry, the Castle Douglas club. He was also educated at Stonyhurst College near Clitheroe in Lancashire, North West England, before embarking on study of a Natural Sciences degree at Robinson College, Cambridge University.
Ansbro joined the Northampton Academy in 2006, during this time he was part of the Cambridge University side that took part in The Varsity Match, producing some quality displays for the University. Northampton Saints took notice of this and he became a regular in the number 13 shirt during their season in National Division One, he also scored in the EDF Energy Trophy final.
Ansbro joined London Irish in 2011 on a three-year deal. The Scotland centre was one of numerous international players to join the club in 2011. London Irish head coach Toby Booth said: "He's quick, powerful with a great future ahead and will fit in nicely." Ansbro commented that "there are some great players who have committed their long term futures to the club and that speaks volumes for what is happening there."
Ansbro made his international debut for Scotland A during the 2009 IRB Nations Cup tournament in Romania .Scotland A eventually went on to win the tournament, with Ansbro making his debut as outside centre in the win against Uruguay. He made his first senior Scotland appearance in the 21–17 victory over reigning world champions South Africa in doing so he became the first black player to represent Scotland at test level. A week later he played in the 19–16 win against Samoa at Pittodrie in Aberdeen.
Ansbro made his 6 nations appearance in Scotland's opening match of the 2011 Six Nations Championship against France in Paris. Ansbro and the rest of the Scotland team put in an impressive performance against a clinical French side despite eventually losing the match 34–21.
His first points for Scotland came in the 10–6 victory in a 2011 Rugby World Cup warm-up game against Ireland where he scored the winning try in the 76th minute. Ansbro was included in Scotland's 30 man squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand. He went on to score his first RWC try against Romania in Scotland's first group game of the 2011 tournament. The number 13 jersey in the next two games was taken by Nick de Luca before Ansbro was again selected, this time in Scotland's final group game versus England.
Ansbro broke his neck in a pre-season friendly against Munster on 24 August 2012. After being taken to hospital straight after the match it was discovered that Ansbro had a triple fracture of the C1 vertebrae. As of 15 May 2013 Ansbro officially retired from rugby union.
Ansbro, having graduated from Cambridge before his professional career is to become a Biology teacher and rugby coach at a leading boys' independent school.
Joe Ansbro Wikipedia
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text:
MIERLE LADERMAN UKELES with Maya Harakawa
MELEKO MOKGOSI with Allie Biswas
ANDREA ZITTEL with Laila Pedro
historical snapshot Interview with Salvador Allende
produced by Roberto Rossellini
DOUGLAS CRIMP with Jarrett Earnest
Mall and Mosque: Authority Appraised and Approved SOPHIA AL-MARIA Black Friday
BRUCE CONNER It's All True
TARYN SIMON An Occupation of Loss
By David A. Willis
MATTHEW BARNEY Facility of Decline
By Darragh McNicholas
VICTOR BURGIN
LYNDA BENGLIS
Take Me (I'm Yours)
By Hannah Sage Kay
KYLE STAVER
By Kate Liebman
BRADLEY WALKER TOMLIN A Retrospective
Occupy Peace
DONALD MOFFETT Any Fallow Field
James Baldwin and the Present, Nettle Danger"> We Pluck this Flower Safely:
James Baldwin and the Present, Nettle Danger
Guest Critic: Rich Blint
"A House Built on Bondage Cannot Stand"
By Chris Winks
Each of Us Contains the Other: James Baldwin's Steadfast Morality
By Claudia Roth Pierpont
The General is in the House
By Patricia Spears Jones
Courting the End of the World: Heeding James Baldwin's Invitation to take up a Dangerous Morality
By James T. Roane
The Victory Not Yet Won
By John Keene
"Love is a Growing Up"
By Erica Hunt
The Seer: James Baldwin and the (Death) Mask in Immarginations
By Tracie Morris
Writing Outside Time
By Joshua Alvarez
Kafka's Konundrum: Narcissism, Self-Surveillance, and Unreality
By Christine Cheon
Little Moments CHARLES BOCK in conversation with Joseph Salvatore
Melissa Yancy's Exacting, Precise World
There's No Place Like Time, or The Art of Trash Diaries, Curiosity Cabinets, & Determined Noticing LANCE and ANDI OLSEN in conversation with Renée E. D'Aoust
Deep Monstrosity
Selling Our Cities
By Artie Niederhoffer
By Hilary Reid
All the Furious Living and all the Furious Dying
Down on the Cutting Room Floor
By John Madera
NOTHING IN, NOTHING OUT T.C. BOYLE with Catherine LaSota
Medical Cultures
By Brian O'Doherty
By Sara Roffino
Diary of a Mad Composer
Read the Label
Trust in the Label(s)
Family as a Battlefield nora chipaumire at the Brooklyn Academy of Music
By Ivan Talijancic
STEVEN MELENDEZ with Gillian Jakab
I Want to Tell You Some Things
By Erica Getto
Grand, Pleasurable, and Accessible
TRINH T. MINH-HA with Benjamin Schultz-Figueroa & Patricia Alvarez
HERE'S TO THE CRAZY ONES Bertrand Bonello's Nocturama
By Steve Macfarlane
DO YOUR OWN STYLE: On John Wilson
By Dan Sullivan
RED AGAIN On Owen Hatherley's The Chaplin Machine
By Celluloid Liberation Front
THE REST I MAKE UP: MARÍA IRENE FORNÉS Michelle Memran with Katie Pearl
THE SOL PROJECT JACOB PADRÓN with John Michael DiResta
FACING JUDGEMENT DAY Doomocracy Comes to the Brooklyn Army Terminal
By Andi Stover
Sounding Like Qui Nguyen: Vietgone
By Trista Baldwin
by Raymond Roussel, translated from the French by Fedra Rodríguez Hinojosa
inSerial: parts one & two Delusions of Being Observed
an extract from Martutene
by Ramon Saizabitoria, translated from the Basque by Aritz Branton. Out now from Hispabooks Publishing.
LOST AND FOUND ANIMALS a misplaced bestiary Part 2: The Oilbird: Negrisis Giganticus
an extract from Memoirs of a Polar Bear
by Yoko Tawada, translated from the German by Susan Bernofsky. Out next month from NEWÂ DIRECTIONS.
Dropout Poem
By Camilo Roldán
By Joanna Fuhrman
By Bianca Stone
from Maybe the Sweet Honey Pours
By Paolo Javier
By Jessica Fiorini
RICHARD DIEBENKORN: From Russia with Love
Mounting Frustration: The Art Museum in the Age of Black Power
By Alexandra Fowle
Bruce Davidson: Survey
By Zack Hatfield
SPECIAL REPORT Dispatches from the Campaign
The Republicans Have Been Trumped
By Charlie Post
Labor Costs and the Life of the Mind
By Samuel Feldblum
We Are Not in Possession of Power; We Are in Possession of the Government: The Long Goodbye of Social Democracy in Latin America
By Matthew Whitley
Seizing Freedom: DAVID ROEDIGER with Peter St. Clair
On Time and a Half, Learning Disabilities, Secondary Gain, and the Business of Mental Health
By Jose A. Tapia
Rosemary's Greenpoint Tavern
By Sara Christoph
OCT 2016 Issue
Art In Conversation
Portrait of Andrea Zittel. Pencil on paper by Phong Bui. From a photo by Elena Ray.
The American sculptor Andrea Zittel has spent over three decades developing, refining, and expanding a multifaceted practice grounded in the details and actions of how life is lived. She has created works on paper, uniforms, habitable spaces, objects that are simultaneously abstract sculptural works and fully functional furniture, and a community for investigative living in the California desert. For her current exhibition at Andrea Rosen Gallery (Andrea Zittel, September 9 – October 8, 2016), Zittel has bridged the thousands of miles between the gallery space and her desert practice. On the evening of the show's opening, Zittel spoke with Laila Pedro about our relationship to objects, how writing helps her think, and merging seemingly divergent practices.
Installation View: Andrea Zittel. Andrea Rosen Gallery, New York. September 9 - October 8, 2016. © Andrea Zittel. Photo: Pierre Le Hors. Courtesy Andrea Rosen Gallery.
Laila Pedro (Rail): I've been thinking about your work for a long time, and a lot of what is unique and compelling about your practice coalesces in this show. There are all these different—almost modular—elements circling and engaging each other. It's both geographically spacious and conceptually broad. When did you start thinking about this show in this expansive way, rather than as a self-contained gallery show?
Andrea Zittel: I've had two very parallel practices for many years: the largely experiential works that I make at A-Z West, which deal directly with life and living, and works for gallery exhibitions that are generally philosophical or conceptual statements. I had accepted their separateness—while understanding the ways that these two kinds of work feed each other. But for this show I decided to merge the gallery and A-Z West in a very literal sense. The works in the exhibition are doubled—half of the show is installed here in the gallery and the other half is installed in the desert. People can experience the works as abstract formal objects in the gallery, or they can go to the desert and actually live with them in the spaces that I have created there.
Rail: The sculptural pieces from the gallery are present in the desert; these large-format photos of the cabins, placed high on the walls as part of this show, bring the desert into the gallery. You took these yourself, right?
Zittel: The sculptural works in the desert are installed in two identical homestead cabins that are represented in black-and-white photomurals in the gallery. I took the images; one is of the exterior of one of the cabins, and two were taken inside. I've had a long relationship with these places: first having discovered them while out on a drive exploring the desert, finally being able to purchase one cabin and then the second a few years later, and now I've been staying in them and living with the works. When the cabins were built they must have been identical, but they had been altered to the point where this wasn't immediately evident, so we stripped and refurbished them to turn them into "twins" again.
Rail: In the desert, as you've said, these sculptural pieces are functionally activated, and their purpose can be determined and configured and lived with in different ways.
Zittel: I've been thinking a lot about this idea of "living in abstraction" lately—wanting to live in a way that's slightly disorienting so that anything can be anything. Many years ago I studied psychology, and have always been interested in the concept of functional fixedness: a situation where an object can potentially be used for many different things, but your brain latches onto one way of using it, and then that's the only way you're capable of perceiving its use. I often think about how things become functionally fixed in our lives, and about deeply ingrained patterns of use. A living room configuration is a good example: it always seems to consist of a sofa, a coffee table, and a chair or two, but there are so many other possibilities—so many other ways that a central room could be configured and used.
When I go camping I've noticed that engaging directly with the landscape makes you think in such a clear way about what it is that you actually need. Ultimately, it boils down to a need for (mostly) horizontal surfaces at different heights. You need a flat surface big enough for the camp stove, a surface high enough for the water jug so the spigot will work, and a comfortable surface to sit on, which can often just be the ground if it isn't too dusty or rocky.
Rail: So you are distilling these functional set-ups into the planes at which they best serve their purpose?
Zittel: Yes! Vertical planes are important because they create privacy, or divisions. These delineate different spaces and functions, like walls, or doors. Horizontal planes are all about gravity, about bearing weight and supporting things. Tables, chairs, benches, counters—these are horizontal planes fulfilling their potential.
The works that I made and installed in the cabins have two long vertical planes, which function as dividers between different areas that require varying degrees of privacy, and four horizontal planes that support activities like cooking, working on the computer, sleeping, etc. But I want to keep a sense of experimentation; it's not to say, "This is how it always has to be," but to allow people to explore different ways of how things could function. I can show you a photomural in the second room of the gallery that is an image of the space when I was living in it.
Rail: So this image is a possibility rather than a directive. It takes a moment to orient and organize what's happening in the image on the wall in relation to the sculptural object in the center of the space. Because the relationship is somehow oblique rather than explicit, the gesture becomes suggestive rather than didactic.
Zittel: I wanted the viewer to be able to navigate the layers of information in the show and to be able to slowly build an understanding of the work in this space and how that relates to its presence in another space.
Rail: This arrangement is also very somatically powerful: I physically want to stay in this space and sit in it. The level of the cushions in Linear Sequence #1 [2016] feels very human-scaled, very inviting on a corporeally intuitive level.
Zittel: I'm glad you felt that—I want to show that it's possible to make structures that are functional or comfortable without resorting to typical conventions. Most seating and tables are supported by legs. And I kept thinking, "Legs are only one way of doing supporting a plane in space—How can I get away from legs?"
Rail: From assuming you need them?
Zittel: Yeah. How can you get these surfaces up to different levels, where they are actually functional, without always using legs? I personally really like being close to the floor, so using horizontal steel beams as supports (or turning the legs on their side, so to speak) worked really well in terms of solving this problem.
Rail: Something we've both been thinking about is this word or concept, "lifestyle," in relation to your work.
Zittel: Yes! I've been kind of obsessed with the issue of lifestyle because I think it's something that problematizes the ground that my practice is built on. I'm entirely committed to making work that functions within life and living. To me, life is the thing that matters most. I think life matters even more than art. But there is now an entire "lifestyle industry" that potentially co-opts this idea. The commodification of lifestyle is about creating the illusion of living, and it represses us by instilling a sense of inadequacy that our lives don't measure up to the displays in decorating magazines or Instagram feeds. How do I create an alternative to "lifestyle?" I think a better term for what I'm after is a life ethic, although that can also be problematic because the word ethic suggests a moral or ideological platform. But my personal life ethic is about having a life in which you pay attention and think about how and why things are the way they are, rather than just trying to have a sense of "style" or create "good design."
Rail: It's interesting, because a word that goes along with "lifestyle" is "curate," which I feel is, for obvious reasons, particularly sensitive for artists. A few years ago in New York it became very trendy to talk about things like a brunch being "curated." So there's this sort of amorphous tendency to affect critical rigor, to imitate an artist's seriousness as though it were just another filter you could easily put over fairly unremarkable things. You're in a space, geographically, that happens to be very susceptible to that.
Zittel: A curatorial filter, or a kind of selectively imposed connoisseurship, is definitely a shadow that also touches the desert. There is this popular ideal of a romanticized desert lifestyle that focuses on landscape, nature, skies, and the "slow life"—and filters out the larger reality of our community, which is actually quite impoverished, and our physical environment, which is really quite difficult to live in. The desert is a mix of light and dark, and the darkness is more often than not selectively curated out of the picture.
Rail: Now that you're saying it, I'm realizing that this happened to you on both coasts. It's happened at Joshua Tree and it happened in Williamsburg—you were on South 8th Street in 1991 and then Wythe Street in 1994, when, for artists, it really was its own kind of frontier.
Zittel: [Laughter.] Right? But at A-Z West it's closer to home, because I'm a Californian. My great-grandparents were ranchers not too far from Joshua Tree. That's my culture. Here in Brooklyn I felt I was part of the problem, and that was one of the reasons I needed to leave. I didn't feel I could make as much of a contribution here. My practice is somewhat insular—I make my world and live in it. But High Desert Test Sites, the nonprofit that I help run, has been very focused on the challenge of integrating two very diverse groups of people. We try to engage a large sector of our community that tends to be overlooked because it doesn't neatly fit into the new identity for Joshua Tree that is being superimposed by the tourism economy.
Rail: That touches on another question—your teaching practice. You're not terribly didactic—in fact, as you mentioned earlier, you're quite careful not to be. Rather, the teaching elements tend to be very hands-on, and about offering opportunities to learn through doing things.
Zittel: It is true. I have issues with pedagogy. Art institutions basically shape students to fit pre-determined models, rather than using the framework of learning to look at the problematic or unknown in a more open-ended exploratory way. Who is to say we have the right answers? Art history has proven that all answers are only correct for the short period in which they exist as a favored consensus. But my favorite thing about teaching is that it forces me to keep learning. Life itself is a learning experience, and I want to bring others along on it.
Rail: But you ask the right questions. You're very particular about what you zero in on.
Zittel: It's interesting. As you get older, it's really easy to stop seeing things. I was reading Nato Thompson's book [Seeing Power: Art and Activism in the 21st Century (Penguin: 2016)], and his phrase "seeing power" really stuck with me. Over time you lose the ability, or the power, to see; and it's important to not let that happen.
Rail: There's often been a historical or conceptual opposition between the visual and the physical. I feel like you're working as much on a physically intuitive plane as a conceptual, cerebral one.
Zittel: I think about the body a lot, because I live in it. I think a lot about how things feel in a physical way. When something in a work is not right, it's often a physical thing; it makes me feel uneasy. I lived with a work in my home that resonated intellectually, but never felt right physically.
Rail: Were you able, eventually, to put your finger on what felt off about it?
Zittel: I think that it had to do with the scale and height and the lack of a vertical element that could function as support. When I had parties at my house everyone would just stand around the work—no one would sit on it, which I think was sort of telling. I'm feeling good about this newer work in that it has a strong conceptual framework but also functions in a very real physical way.
Rail: The way you move around this work [Planar Configuration #1, (2016)] feels very organic. It feels very body-scaled, which makes me think of your uniforms. These are an ongoing part of your practice that you not only show in museum and gallery contexts, but also live in.
Zittel: I'm in the third decade of uniforms. I gave myself permission to discontinue wearing them if I ever wanted, but it's easier to do it than to not do it. Though instead of reinventing the wheel every season, I am now working on a series of repeating designs. These days I like knowing what it's going to be next ahead of time.
Rail: Circling back to the sculptural works, Donald Judd is a big influence for you as a sculptor. Does his practice as a writer influence you as well? I feel when I read your writing that it is hyper precise.
Zittel: Judd's writing is very precise, and he is a formidable intellect. But I also find his thinking somewhat dogmatic: he spent most of his career championing positions rather than trying to synthesize a larger understanding. I admire his practice, but don't aspire to the same end goal. When I speak, I tend to say whatever comes into my head, and I know I compensate for that by trying to be precise with my writing. For me, also, writing is like thinking. If I'm trying to figure something out, I usually have to write about it. The process of writing makes it clear in my brain. Words are specific; a word carries so much weight. I always intended my work to be very open, very democratic, not elitist. But that doesn't mean that there isn't an underlying certainty. This is particularly becoming clear now that A-Z West is starting to have a larger audience. It's the first time I've felt a necessity to use language to clarify that it is an art project and not simply an interesting travel experience. I know that by using specific words you can craft a certain kind of experience. It's funny that after feeling so nonchalant about calling my work art for all of these years, I'm finally finding a time when this classification actually feels important.
Rail: Speaking of naming things, it's interesting how precisely and unambiguously you name your own practice, your own sense of yourself as an artist.
Zittel: I'm a sculptor. I identify as a sculptor.
Rail: Is that strong identification something new?
Zittel: No. That's my core. When I was in school I studied photography and then painting and then finally sculpture. When I landed there, I knew that's what I was.
Laila Pedro
LAILA PEDRO is a former Managing Editor of the Brooklyn Rail. She is a scholar and translator, and holds a PhD in French from the Graduate Center, CUNY.


I have inclined my bed couple of days ago.
It is 16 cm higher (only that part under my head). The piece of wood is on a floor.
I have also tried it with pillows because I was not patient enough. It was really bad idea. Do not do it!
I should start to feel some positive changes after 4 weeks.
So far I can only tell you for sure that I do not wake up with headache as I did before.. Of course, I have headache during the day, but at least I do not wake up with that!
Only the very first hour was a little bit strange to me. After that it was just perfect. You remember I was in Poland couple of days ago. That was a problem because I felt I sleep with my head down. I woke up with headache.
So at least I have nice mornings.
Video showing hows dissolved salts and minerals in the blood affect the pressure and tension in the blood and relate to postural changes that have already been shown to open and close veins, even diverting the flow of blood from one vein to another.
Look forward to reading more about your observations in due course.
Last edited by AndrewKFletcher on Sun Mar 28, 2010 1:27 am, edited 4 times in total.
I am still very happy with my inclined bed. I still wake up without headache - it was not like that before. I really do not have any problems with that. I always think of it in the morning. I would swear, my bed is flat but it is not. I do not feel it in the morning at all. I can only see it in the evening while watching TV.
I would not change it to flat again.
Well, I spent 4 nights in Poland.
I slept on normal bed and the headaches in the morning were back. I slept the first night at home. I woke up without the headache. I missed my inclined bed in Poland a lot. I will certainly keep it like this.
Read about your stent surgery on the forum.
Improvements from now on will probably be atributed to the surgery but watch closely and see if your improvements over the months are different to others sleeping flat who have had the same surgery.
AndrewKFletcher wrote: Read about your stent surgery on the forum.
I still prefere to have it inclined. I am 100% sure I do not have headache in the morning because of that.
Yes, I will not be able to say anymore, if I feel better thanks to my stent or thanks to the bed. I also started my LDN again.
I try to help myself as much as I can.
ErikaSlovakia wrote: I have inclined my bed couple of days ago.
Your recent sight improvements are not unlike the reports from many other people with ms using the inclined bed method.
Have others who have received stents reported similar improvements who do not sleep inclined?
In another thread long before you tilted your bed and long before your surgery, I mentioned the dramatic improvements in two ladies with supposedly irreversible optic nerve damage.
Could be a coincidence but I doubt it.
I tilted my bed on Oct. 19.
Later I spent 2 nights in Poland (because of my first MRV). I had my procedure 15 days later.
I do not remember anybody mentioning better vision after the procedure, so I am not sure.
I will keep my bed inclined as I am sure I do/did not have the "good morning headache" only because of it.
I still see the texts (letters) bad as before. I notice my better vision only when I look somewhere far like the street.
I removed the piece of wood last night - it means I slept the first night without it.
I woke up with headache but in my forehead - it is my good morning headache as I call it. I have not had nausea but I ate my breakfast very late.
Around noon I took half of the pill against headache. After I had only light headache, now I have again middle headache - simular to that in the morning - I took the second half of the pill.
I do not know if it is correct way to describe the morning headache in English, but the headache tingles - now it is headache. It is 21:31 PM here.
So, 6 more nights and I will title it again.
You are brave, Erika, to give up something that has helped you for this experiment.
I want to try IBT too. It's now only a matter of figuring out how to do this with our bed. Queen sized bed on an old fashioned bedframe with headboards and footboards. I saw AndrewKFletcher's website and said to myself : WOW. My husband agrees to try IBT. We are not carpenters. We just have to put on our thinking caps.
I've been sleeping with the bed inclined for about a month. I feel far more rested when I wake in the mornings. After a couple of weeks I started having sort of flashbacks - remembering things I hadn't thought about in years. It was quite intense for a few days. It was only afterwards that I thought that it might be connected to the inclined bed.
ozarkcanoer wrote: You are brave, Erika, to give up something that has helped you for this experiment.
well, I do not think it is healthy for me to sleep flat.
I have very simple small bed. My parents bought it for me when I was 12. It is still OK for me.
Yes, use your "thinking cap"
This was my day 2. I had middle headache in my forehead, I do not want to eat my breakfast, I feel little nausea. After getting up from my bed I felt little bit more dizzy than usually.
I went to sleep with middle headache last night.
I am sure I will incline my bed again after 5 more nights.
But I do not feel the fatigue, headache is not strong so far, I move faster, I walk faster about 20%, I still see as well as after the procedure when I look far, I still do not have to push my belly to be able to empty my bladder.
I think the procedure helped me in some things and I thing the inclined bed helps me against good morning headaches and nausea in the morning.
I will report you dear science tomorrow again.
Thank you for taking the time read about and to test Inclined Therapy and for reverting back to flat bed rest to identify whether it is the stent surgery or the inclined bed that is providing you relief and improvement.
First night flat and your headaches appearing in the morning and during the day as they did prior to tilting the bed and prior to your stent surgery is very interesting indeed.
If you could also convey your experiment and results back to Franz Schelling, who incidentally is fascinated by this discovery, and others using the German forum he will be very interested to hear about your observations as will many more people with ms who read your reports over the next week.
The repairs from the stent procedure will undoubtedly address the loss of circulation and backpressure this is logical.
A spinal cord injury shows the nervous system struggles to repair itself, cerebral palsy shows the brain also has difficulty in repairing the damage caused from oxygenation deficiency at birth, so I fail to understand how inserting a stent alone is going to reverse multiple scars in the brain and spinal cord. I can however understand that providing the venous reflux is the cause, the stent should prevent further damage and the progression of multiple sclerosis.
Think about varicose veins for example. Surgery is performed to address the visible damage without taking into account what has caused the damage = Increased Venous Pressure.
Patching up the tubes that are still exposed to the same pressure that caused them to bulge out cannot provide a long term solution and frequently results in more cosmetic surgery being performed as the blood flow is redirected and other veins become swollen, even bulging like a balloon known as a vein blowout, usually in the groin.
So it is imperative to address the cause as well as fixing the obvious obstructions.
Show clearly we are addressing the pressure source by tilting the bed and avoiding flat bedrest.
Your headaches could be indicative of that same pressure change laying flat where the heart has to do all of the work. The heart after all is an efficient pump and when the body is flat it has to provide the force for the circulation to continue. If correct then the veins will inevitably inflate to cope with the additional arterial pressure and as veins cannot readily support internal pressure due to their elasticity, unlike the rigid arterial walls, the veins will bulge and distort, even twist under pressure.
When the bed is tilted, we release pulses of solutes resulting from expired solute free air from the respiratory tract into the main artery, obvious evidence for this is the salinity of nasal mucus tears, sweat and saliva occurring wherever evaporation takes place. Coincidence that salt increases taste? Or could the added salt increase the amount of tastes entering the nervous system?
Salts released down the artery according to experimental evidence shown on Youtube videos will assist the circulation to run in one direction and at the same time improve venous return flow back to the heart providing the body is correctly aligned with the direction of gravity, hence the use of an inclined bed.
Michell Cabanac University Laval Quebec Canada presented some remarkable footage showing blood flow reversal in the brain due to evaporative heat stress.
The hotter the volunteer became while exercising the more the blood began to flow in the opposite direction to the force from the heart shown using a doppler probe. Not an unnatural occurrence but a normal reaction to increased evaporative heat loss from the scalp.
Cabanac et al were saying that the blood flow reversal was due to the brain deciding to keep itself cooler even calling the paper selective cooling of the brain. However, the brain cannot alter the direction of blood flow as there are no valves in the vessels that pass through the skull from the skin to the brain.
Evidence for efficacy with multiple sclerosis.
On the two main threads, I have provided evidence from 2 pilot studies, now supported by the evidence from Erika and foreverspring and other members of the forum together with an independent report from the Multiple Sclerosis Resource Centre (MSRC). Titled Raised bed Survey.
All of this evidence over many years has shown irrefutably that tilting the bed we sleep in has a profound restorative affect on many neurological conditions.
MS being the main condition that has been investigated over many years without any financial gain and considerable financial costs.
Ask yourself why anyone in their right mind would spend 16 years of their life trying to help people who frequently reject and even ridicule rather than testing the inclined method themselves. I have asked myself this same question too many times.
Yet here we are 16 years later trying to find a way of presenting the facts so that many tens of thousands of people can find relief from debilitating illnesses and injuries using a simple technique that does not require drugs or indeed their inherent side effects and can be conducted in the comfort of their own home.
When I came to this magnificent forum I had great hopes of encouraging lots of people to test this therapy and report their findings. I still have those hopes and we have already seen the unprecedented reports from Foreverspring, a lady in her late sixties who has shared her experiences to help others.
Teri Harrison over 11 years ago tilted her bed, she is on my facebook friends list for those who want to ask her about this. Teri for 11 years has led a normal active life with only occasional bouts of short term optic neuritis to remind her of how life was before she tilted her bed all those years ago.
Yes I know we have all heard that if something sounds too good to be true it frequently is. But there is a difference here. Thos snake oil peddlers have $£ sings in their eyes. I don't!
I've inclined my bed this morning when I changed the sheets. It was easy as we have a select comfort air bed so each side of the queen bed has it's own air chambers.
I don't suffer from morning headaches, but I do have a lot of sneezing in the morning which makes me have to blow my nose and clear my throat of phlegm. Maybe this will help.
Also Andrew you said, "In another thread long before you (Erika) tilted your bed and long before your surgery, I mentioned the dramatic improvements in two ladies with supposedly irreversible optic nerve damage." so that is something I will watch for because my left eye has damage from optic neuritis that I also have been told is irreversible. The vision is blurred, seems darker, like a cloudy day and colors are off.
I'll report back any noticeable changes or improvements.
Dr J.P. Torre is conducting a study on Inclined Bed Therapy. He is asking for people to join his online study. Please Help to get the word out.


To what extent can research institutions respond to the expectations and challenges set by societal stakeholders? How can real dialogue and productive interaction between universities, civil society and policymakers be achieved? Which structural obstacles have to be overcome in order to enhance communication between science and society? These are some of the questions 24 international partners from 3 Continents are trying to answer. Hannover was host of the NUCLEUS annual conference in October 2017. It marked the project's transition from capacity-building to implementation!


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Q: SpringBoot angular App not serving all the js files We have an Angular App served through a SpingBoot application. When the developer who originally developed the app compiles a WAR package and deploy it on a TOMCAT server everything works fine.
But when others clone the source code and try to build and run the same code it doesn't work, ends up giving following errors in browser console. Seems "some" of the static content is not served. Can confirm the given files are in place with the other js files which gets served.
localhost/:40 GET http://localhost:8080/js/angular-jwt/dist/angular-jwt.js
localhost/:41 GET http://localhost:8080/js/angular-storage/dist/angular-storage.js
localhost/:42 GET http://localhost:8080/js/auth0-angular/build/auth0-angular.min.js
localhost/:40 GET http://localhost:8080/js/angular-jwt/dist/angular-jwt.js
(index):41 GET http://localhost:8080/js/angular-storage/dist/angular-storage.js
(index):42 GET http://localhost:8080/js/auth0-angular/build/auth0-angular.min.js

We don't explicitly configure any MVC config, but rely on the Boot's defaults. ie. we've put all the static content in /src/resources/static/ directory which boot is said to be serving by default. So right now it looks like below,

P.S.: Build system is maven at the moment.
Any help is much appreciated.

A: This issue has been resolved. It was nothing but few files inside angular dependencies bundled within not getting pushed to the upstream repos due to mishandled .gitignore file. One poor mistake.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Genesis News
2021 Genesis GV80: The Brand's First SUV Is a Head-Turner Inside and Out
It may be late to the party—but just look at it…
byRob Stumpf| UPDATED Jan 15, 2020 2:41 PM
Rob StumpfView rob stumpf's Articles
RobDrivesCars
allthingslow/
More than four years after Hyundai spun off Genesis into its own luxury brand, the automaker is at last offering a premium people hauler by way of the new GV80 SUV— and as you can tell, it's quite the looker.
In a world dominated by SUVs, it was only a matter of time before the world saw Genesis launch its own gentle giant onto the market. Such is the case with the refined GV80 that was unveiled on Wednesday at a special event dedicated to the all-new model. While that title might sound similar to a sedan already sold by Genesis, there is one key letter that sets the two apart. Genesis says that the "V" in GV80 stands for "versatility," something only an SUV can offer, apparently.
via Genesis
Despite spilling quite a bit of intel during the reveal, Genesis has kept one thing secret about the SUV thus far: the engine(s) it'll have. Korea-going models will be equipped with a Genesis-exclusive 3.0-liter, six-cylinder diesel that makes 274 horsepower, but the brand is keeping its lips sealed regarding what will end up in the United States.
Genesis confirmed that two turbocharged gasoline engines will hit the U.S. market, though we aren't sure which ones. It's possible that we could see the 365-horsepower, 3.3-liter V6 from the G80 ported into the SUV. Regardless, the standard GV80 will come with rear-wheel-drive only, though Genesis will also offer an upgrade to all-wheel-drive for interested customers.
Drivers and passengers will surely feel at home whether peering at the GV80's beautifully styled profile or sitting inside the roomy cabin. The SUV's design was the product of a multi-cultural collaboration between various studios all over the world; tech from South Korea, luxury styling points from Germany, and simple American practicality all went into building Genesis' first large vehicle.
The exterior speaks loudly of Genesis' new design language. The GV80 has been sculpted in accordance with a new era of the brand's identity, demanding notoriety and respect from its posture alone. Touches such as the large crest grille and quad lamp headlights are emerging as a clear staple of the brand and are something we expect to see make their way across other vehicles in the automaker's lineup.
Sitting in the driver's seat, you'll instantly notice that small touches of luxury have placed their mark on virtually every surface. From quilted stitching across the seats and kick panels to finely detailed woodgrain that reflects carefully placed ambient lighting, there is no shortness of craftsmanship for the eye to see. A large 14.5-inch split-screen display sits atop the thin air vents which run the length of the dashboard. Given that Genesis has limited the number of physical buttons and switches in the interior to give a more minimalist aesthetic, it's likely that many of the vehicle's controls will be toggled via this screen or a small touchpad nested on the center console which can interpret handwritten letters.
A roomy second row makes it possible to seat five, but if you're looking to fit a large family inside the GV80, know that an optional third row will expand seating to seven. Rest assured, there's plenty of safety tech that comes standard including adaptive cruise control, automatic forward-collision braking, blind-spot detection, and more.
Being a midsize luxury SUV, we expect the GV80 to compete directly with the likes of the Audi Q7, Mercedes-Benz GLE, and BMW X5 in both footprint and overall value. After all, Genesis is a premium brand and it wants to make sure that the world recognizes its presence.
The GV80 is the first of three SUVs which Genesis is expected to announce in order to align the automaker's large vehicle lineup with its current sedan offerings. A smaller GV70 has been spotted testing over the past several months and is believed to share underpinnings with the next-generation G80 sedan. The third offering, meanwhile, remains a well-kept secret.
Genesis will begin selling the GV80 in Korea later this January and is expected to announce stateside pricing by the second half of 2020.
Got a tip? Send us a note: tips@thedrive.com
Genesis NewsNews by Brand


As I stood on the stage with the 2005 Premiership Cup in my hand, these words came to me and I went off my script. 'For the people who've waited 72 years to see South Melbourne, the Sydney Swans, win the premiership, HERE IT IS!
Paul Roos is a former AFL footballer and senior coach. He played 270 games for Fitzroy and 87 for Sydney. He was a two-time, all-Australian captain and has been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame. He coached the Sydney Swans from 2002-2010 and led them to the AFL premiership in 2005. He coached Melbourne Football Club from 2014-2016. He lives in Sydney with his wife and two sons.


text:
Change the WSHS Mascot to the West Side Bobcat
Brandon Sodani started this petition to Superintendent Melissa McTiernan & Principal Robert DeLuca
On June 1st, at 11:25 am news broke out that West Scranton High School had been evacuated due to a wild animal in the school. Shortly thereafter, Times-Shamrock reported that the animal in question was actually a bobcat.
Far and wide news immediately spread through social media that a feral feline prowled the halls of West Scranton Senior High. #BobcatGate as it had been titled by Fox56's Dylan Fearon was cooking up a storm in this little town we call home. The hours that followed had everyone in the community on edge.
Once WNEP confirmed that the wild beast in question had been captured by Animal Control and was safely in custody, it was revealed to be a mere Clouded Jack cat, an exotic breed of cat. Safely in custody and snacking on french fries and chicken nuggets, the feline was quickly identified and is now on its way back home.
To commemorate the event, I suggest West Scranton change their mascot from the West Scranton Invader, to the West Scranton Bobcat.


Live Creating Yourself.: Help Me Choose a Society Social Bar Cart: White or Teal?
I'm smitten with them both but I think I'd go White!!
I love your apartment Alaina. It's been fun to see the transformation! I wouldn't say that white is a safe choice...think of it as a perfect canvas for your ever changing relationship with colored accessories!
eeek! So excited for you. I just got one too... I got the gold madison with a white tray. If I were you I would actually do teal, because it's a fun pop of color with all the white you have going on. But you really can't go wrong.
While the teal is a super cool and fun color, I would agree that the white will probably last you longer since it is neutral. White!
I think definitely white! I love the teal but white suits your space and style so much more!
I'm so jealous! I want one of those bar carts like nobody's business. I think the teal is amazing but I gotta vote for the white. There's going to be SO much color once you add in all the bar accessories that I just think the white will be a better backdrop. Either way you really can't go wrong though. I love seeing your decorating process! Also your pics look fine to me, I don't see any shadowy stuff.
white! it will be a better backdrop for your colorful bar stuff!
teal! bring some color in!!
I'd go with the white! Let the pretty bottles and fabulous barware be the pop of color! Such a fun addition!
Blogger recently started doing that to some of our images and we have switched to .png files (with the same white background) instead of .jpg files and it seems to have corrected the problem. Have you tried that?
Good luck with the fix and with the decision!
i absolutely love the teal, but for down the road, you should probably go with the white. It will have so many different ways to be dressed up! This is a hard decision!! good luck!
so jealous! i am been lusting over roxy's bar carts forever. (i even have glasses stashed in my closet for the day when i finally can buy one.) i vote for the white because it will always look classic and chic. it will look so great with some pretty glasses and fun straws and maybe some flowers.
I definitely vote for the white, although you're so good at decorating with color that I'm sure the teal would look lovely as well!
What about choosing the teal, for current fun times, and you could always paint it white down the road if you need to? I agree that your living room could use a pop of color!
Go teal it's so pretty and would add a pop of color, you can always paint it white down the road if you get sick of teal.
Definitely the white! It's so classic, and you can always dress it up with colorful accessories. It'll last you so much longer.
I looooove bar carts, I'm going to have to vote for teal, I know I know, white is practical, but that poppa color would be wondrous (you totally want to go for teal, you WANT us to tell you white), nosiree lady, teal Teal TEAL! I did a lil post on bar carts, and I've loved your previous posts about your little home bar. Super cute and styled to perfection.
I would go with white! You can always add color or work around design changes down the road...but, the pop of color is a fun risk! Either one will looks great.
I vote teal simply because it sounds like that's what your heart wants, and why would you ever not go with that? ;) Either way, it'll be an adorable addition to your space!
LOVE BOTH! But I have a feeling you will go with white because it's more practical, however teal is soooo fun!
But really, you can't go wrong.
Go for white! You can use it with any color scheme you have down the road. Sounds like you've already talked yourself into the white. Either way you go, I'm sure it will look fabulous!!
White! You can add so many pops of color with accessories on top that it'll be worth it.
the teal one!! is going to give such a fun pop of color to your place!!
Go with the teal! Hope you're doing well, Alaina. Miss you!
I would go with white...don't forget... some beautiful liquor bottles and colored glasses could add the pop of color that you want. Love the cart by the way!
I say teal! I just got the worth in hot pink and I'm obsessed!


text:
HomeNote on Classroom Use
by Bruce Burgett, Glenn Hendler
We emphasize in "Keywords: An Introduction" that one of the primary aims of Keywords for American Cultural Studies is to provoke readers to engage in self-reflexive, open-ended, and future-oriented forms of inquiry as they conduct research on and make claims about "America" and its various "cultures." We want our readers to respond to the online and print essays by revising them or adding to them and, in doing so, supplementing the collective argument of the whole. In order to make good on this desire, we built a website as a complement to the first print version of Keywords for American Cultural Studies in 2007. This site included an interactive forum, which we called the "Keywords Collaboratory," where readers could work individually or collaboratively to create new keywords essays. Between 2007 and 2014, over five hundred readers used the site to that end, with the vast majority of those uses taking place in the context of college courses in which all or parts of Keywords for American Cultural Studies were assigned. These courses included first-year writing sections, large undergraduate lectures, small upper-division seminars, and advanced graduate courses. They focused on topics ranging from American studies and cultural studies research methodologies to gender and ethnic studies to video-game studies. Our goal in this "Note on Classroom Use" is to catalyze further experimentation on the new site, now that Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition is a fully print-digital publication. To this end, we focus on classroom use of the print book and digital site, though we also welcome other possibilities, including revisions and additions produced by individuals and collectives located inside or outside higher education.
Syllabi and assignments from courses that have used Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition are available on this website, as are selected essays, published here after being edited and reviewed by us. We have learned from this emerging archive that keyword essays can play many different roles in courses. It is possible to assign them to provide background for other materials that students are reading or research that they are undertaking, though this approach tends to be successful only with advanced students who are prepared to digest the critical debates they encounter. In discussions with instructors who have used Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition in introductory or survey courses, we have consistently heard that it is important to teach the essays by providing some time in class to unpack them, rather than simply assigning them and assuming their immediate legibility. The reason for this caution is not that the essays are particularly dense or jargon laden. Rather, instructors have found that students need to learn how to approach a keyword essay, to understand it as a specific genre of writing and mode of inquiry. If this preparatory work is not done, the risk is that students will misread the individual essays and the publication as a whole as a reference guide whose aim is to define or fix the meanings of terms. If they adopt this approach, they will be frustrated, largely because the essays quite deliberately take a more critical, self-reflexive, and speculative stance in relation to their objects of inquiry. We wrote "Keywords: An Introduction," in part, to provide a resource for instructors who want to teach Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition as a methodology, not just a mapping of clusters of important concepts and terms.
Other instructors have moved beyond using Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition as a map of the fields it surveys or a primer in critical methodologies. With great success, they have asked students to produce keywords projects of their own, accepting the invitation we offer to our readers to respond to the publication by producing new knowledge themselves. Some assignments ask students to revise or supplement published keyword essays; others invite them to create essays about terms not included there. Both types of assignments have often begun from a version of the prompts we asked our authors to use in constructing their essays:
What kinds of critical projects does your keyword enable?
What are the critical genealogies of the term, and how do these genealogies affect its use today?
Are there ways of thinking that are occluded or obstructed by the use of this term?
What other keywords constellate around it?
These prompts were intended to spur our contributors to map the contemporary critical terrain as they see it developing through their keyword. They can serve a similar purpose in relation to student work, so long as students understand that their compositions will be more limited in scope than those published in Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition and will draw on significantly different (and usually smaller) archives. Our contributors work primarily with historical and contemporary research in American studies, cultural studies, and related fields. For students assigned to compose a keyword essay, the primary archive is often materials encountered in their particular course. Since the meanings and connotations of keywords are never settled and depend significantly on the local context in which they are used, students can write original essays based on these types of materials. They can produce essays on terms that may not be keywords for the broader field but are crucial sites of debate and conflict within the scope of an individual course's subject matter.
Instructors have taken a wide range of approaches to assigning students to compose a keyword essay, but most have broken the process into two stages:
Archiving usages of a particular keyword. Many assignments begin by asking students to archive usages of their keyword. Archiving can involve simply copying or typing out every sentence students read that uses their keyword, though the archive need not be textual. It can also involve images and sound, conversations overheard on the street, or exchanges on a bus. Depending on the course, the process of archiving can build core skills in close reading, participant-observation, and other forms of data gathering. These processes usefully focus on the nuances of language and inflection in students' readings and interactions but can also reveal the tensions and contradictions in that language, underscoring the crucial point that keywords are sites of contestation. It can be useful to ask students to keep a usage log in which they record the spatial and temporal location of a specific use of the term.
Composing a keyword essay. This portion of the assignment typically asks students to tell a story about the various usages they have logged of their keyword. From reading essays in Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition, students should already know that it is rarely possible to produce a linear narrative about a complex term; the effort to do so themselves underscores this point. Especially in an interdisciplinary context in which students are asked to make sense of an array of materials that use different vocabularies and methodologies, the effort to bring together the varying usages of a single keyword can make the content of the course clearer and more coherent. Ethnographic assignments can serve a similar function by asking students to attend to the contexts of specific usages.
Depending on the context and objectives of any given course, these types of assignments can be completed either individually or collaboratively and may involve written, visual, or multimodal composition strategies.
While instructors have structured their assignments in a variety of ways to suit their specific course goals, we do provide a location on this site that is designed to catalyze these sorts of activities: the "Keywords Collaboratory." Dozens of courses have used the Collaboratory, allowing students to grasp and internalize the intellectual and theoretical points implicit in a keywords project. Sometimes students have been divided into small working groups of three to five, each focused on a different keyword that runs through or is central to the course. Sometimes an entire course or seminar has worked together on a single keyword. In each case, the students need to be taught to collaborate both on the ideas and on the mechanics of the essay composition, whether it is written, audio, visual, or some combination of the three. This approach tends to jolt students out of the idea that writing and composition has to be the solitary and individualistic activity typical of college classrooms, especially in the humanities and humanistic social sciences. The Collaboratory is, in this sense, an illustration of a point made by some of the most ardent advocates for the digital humanities: digital work tends to push scholars in the cultural disciplines toward more collaborative research methodologies and composition practices. It also makes clear one point that college instructors labor to teach: the audience for classroom assignments is not limited to the person who is assessing those assignments. The Collaboratory teaches this lesson since it is open to the broader public, not only to the students in the course but also to anyone who wanders onto the site. Instructors using the Collaboratory have found that an orientation toward a larger public encourages students to think more carefully and, often, more ambitiously about their writing and composition choices.
We urge instructors to use this site to look over the technological options, sample assignments, and syllabi provided by instructors who have used Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition in the past and to consider adapting them or inventing new assignments. If you devise your own, you will find on this site a way of sharing it with others, along with tips about what worked and what did not. This site is meant to promote collaboration not just between students in a single course but also among instructors. We urge you to experiment with using the Collaboratory to link students and courses across two or more institutions by developing assignments through which they can work together on the same keyword or keywords. In any one of these contexts, your own students can learn more effectively by contributing to the production and dissemination of knowledge at the core of research and scholarship.


The current price of Nimbus Coin in US dollars is $0.0005 USD. To compare it's value every 1 NMB coin is worth 0.00000010000000 in BTC.
During the last 24 hours Nimbus Coin's price has changed 0.00% (or $0.00000000 USD) it reached a low of $0.0005, and high of, $0.0005. A total of 0 NMB coins worth a total of $0 USD was traded in the previous day at crypto exchanges like Kucoin, and Binance.
Nimbus Coin's market cap is made up of 0 NMB coins valued at $0 USD. That means Nimbus Coin makes up 0.00% of the entire cryptocurrency market capitalization of $10,781,612.81B!
Due to cryptocurrencies trading 24/7, that value/exchange rate will change constantly. To keep updated on the price, market cap, and trading information on Nimbus Coin just bookmark the Live Nimbus Coin Price page.


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THK Roller bearing NAST8ZZ,US $ 1.5 - 100 / Piece, Other Structure, Roller, 30 mm.Source from Tianjin Xurui Hengda International Trading Co., Ltd. on Alibaba.


The getnetbyaddr(), getnetbyname() and getnetent(), functions each return a pointer to a netent structure, the members of which contain the fields of an entry in the network database.
The getnetent() function reads the next entry of the database, opening a connection to the database if necessary.
The getnetbyaddr() function searches the database from the beginning, and finds the first entry for which the address family specified by type matches the n_addrtype member and the network number net matches the n_net member, opening a connection to the database if necessary. The net argument is the network number in host byte order.
The getnetbyname() function searches the database from the beginning and finds the first entry for which the network name specified by name matches the n_name member, opening a connection to the database if necessary.
The setnetent() function opens and rewinds the database. If the stayopen argument is non-zero, the connection to the net database will not be closed after each call to getnetent() (either directly, or indirectly through one of the other getnet*( ) functions).
The endnetent() function closes the database.
The getnetbyaddr(), getnetbyname() and getnetent(), functions may return pointers to static data, which may be overwritten by subsequent calls to any of these functions.
On successful completion, getnetbyaddr(), getnetbyname() and getnetent(), return a pointer to a netent structure if the requested entry was found, and a null pointer if the end of the database was reached or the requested entry was not found. Otherwise, a null pointer is returned.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <meta name="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Module: WillPaginate::ViewHelpers::ActionView</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/common.css" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8" />

    Index (A) »
    WillPaginate » ViewHelpers
     »
    ActionView

(no frames)

  Class List
  Method List
  File List

Module: WillPaginate::ViewHelpers::ActionView

Includes:

Base

Defined in:

lib/will_paginate/view_helpers/action_view.rb

Overview

ActionView helpers

This module serves for availability in ActionView templates. It also adds a
new view helper: <tt>paginated_section</tt>.

Using the helper without arguments

If the helper is called without passing in the collection object, it will
try to read from the instance variable inferred by the controller name. For
example, calling <tt>will_paginate</tt> while the current controller is
PostsController will result in trying to read from the <tt>@posts</tt>
variable. Example:

  <%= will_paginate :id => true %>

… will result in <tt>@post</tt> collection getting paginated:

  <div class="pagination" id="posts_pagination"> ... </div>

      Instance Method Summary
      (collapse)

      - (Object) page_entries_info(collection = nil, options = {})

:nodoc:.

      - (Object) paginated_section(*args, &block)

Wrapper for rendering pagination links at both top and bottom of a block of
content.

      - (Object) will_paginate(collection = nil, options = {})

:nodoc:.

Instance Method Details

    - (<tt>Object</tt>) page_entries_info(collection = nil, options = {})

:nodoc:

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# File 'lib/will_paginate/view_helpers/action_view.rb', line 36

def page_entries_info(collection = nil, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  options, collection = collection, nil if collection.is_a? Hash
  collection ||= infer_collection_from_controller

  super(collection, options.symbolize_keys).try(:html_safe)
end

    - (<tt>Object</tt>) paginated_section(*args, &block)

Wrapper for rendering pagination links at both top and bottom of a block of
content.

  <% paginated_section @posts do %>
    <ol id="posts">
      <% for post in @posts %>
        <li> ... </li>
      <% end %>
    </ol>
  <% end %>

will result in:

  <div class="pagination"> ... </div>
  <ol id="posts">
    ...
  </ol>
  <div class="pagination"> ... </div>

Arguments are passed to a <tt>will_paginate</tt> call, so the same options
apply. Don’t use the <tt>:id</tt> option; otherwise you’ll
finish with two blocks of pagination links sharing the same ID (which is
invalid HTML).

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# File 'lib/will_paginate/view_helpers/action_view.rb', line 65

def paginated_section(*args, &block)
  pagination = will_paginate(*args).to_s
  pagination + capture(&block) + pagination
end

    - (<tt>Object</tt>) will_paginate(collection = nil, options = {})

:nodoc:

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# File 'lib/will_paginate/view_helpers/action_view.rb', line 29

def will_paginate(collection = nil, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  options, collection = collection, nil if collection.is_a? Hash
  collection ||= infer_collection_from_controller

  super(collection, options.symbolize_keys).try(:html_safe)
end

  Generated on Thu Sep 27 13:18:19 2012 by
  yard
  0.6.3 (ruby-1.9.2).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Neyyar Reservoir is a scenic picnic spot, 32 km south east of Thiruvananthapuram city. The reservoir offers excellent boating facilities. A wild life sanctuary is also associated with the dam. The forests around the reservoir are the adode of elephants. On the upper reaches of the Neyyar Reservoir there are two magnificent waterfalls. A trek of two km through dense forests, one would reach Meenmutty water falls and after two km the Kombaikani water falls.
Bhoothathan Kettu, at Kothamangalam, Ernakulam District, Kerala is the perfect getaway for the nature freak. Forests to trek in, birds to watch, a river for boating, rapids to shoot, a lake to fish in, and much more, provide the perfect holiday for the nature loving tourist. Tall mountains, a calm lake, the river Periyar and an all-encompassing forest meet at Bhoothathan Kettu to make it a tribute to nature. Bhoothathan Kettu is 100m above MSL and has a very moderate climate. At Bhoothathan Kettu a nature loving tourist can enjoy a cruise through a tranquil fresh water lake, trek through deep green reverie forest in search of remnants of bygone civilizations, go for an adventure expedition down the turbulent Periyar reenacting the old route, take a cool dip in fresh clean water coming down a mountain where the 'Neelakoduveli'-a life-giving herb- is said to grow and much more. All this is located just 50 km. North east of Kochi and a 35 km. drive from Kochi International Airport.
A myth associated with the place explains its name and how it came about. According to it Bhoothams (evil spirits/ghosts) wanted to destroy the temple at Thrikariyoor dedicated to Lord Shiva. They decided to flood the region by damming the river Periyar. To do this the Bhoothams rolled down massive stones from the surrounding hills into a narrow portion of the river. Lord Shiva, realizing their intention came up with an ingenious plan to deter them. Ghosts being scared of daylight, he tricked them into believing that morning had arrived. To do this Lord Shiva imitated a rooster's crow, the most common announcement of dawn's arrival, on hearing which the evil spirits fled, leaving the dam incomplete. Visitors can see the structure downstream from the present dam. Hence the name Bhoothathan Kettu (fort of the spirits). Later, this natural topography helped in building a dam here.
Malampuzha exudes the charm of harmony in nature, a perfect synchronization of the grandeur of the mountains blending with the music of the rivers. It is 10 kms from Palakkad. The garden complex at Malampuzha draws the largest holiday and weekend crowds to Palakkad. The children's park with a toy train, a miniature zoo and an aquarium housed inside a fish shaped building; await the pleasure and delight of children.
There is a swimming pool and facilities for boating in the canal and in the reservoir. A small garden in Japanese style, gives a touch of exotic charm to the landscape. So too does the hanging bridge across the canal. The only ropeway in south India is another attraction of Malampuzha garden. The ropeway is equipped with 64 chairs each with the capacity of two persons. Other items of interest in the park are the imposing concrete sculpture of Yakshi, the divine enchantress, by the renowned sculptor, Kanai Kunhiraman.
A parabolic marvel, aloft at 550 ft and spread out over 650 ft, greets visitors at the Kuravan and Kurathi Hills in Idukki. You have now reached the Idukki Arch Dam, the second in the world and first of its kind in all of Asia. The sight itself is awe-inspiring, considering the sheer magnitude of the structure and the purpose it serves. Nearby lies the Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary where one can seek solace in nature.
An ideal retreat for tourists, the Pazhassi Dam is located 37 km east of Kannur district in Kerala. The dam site is famous for its scenic beauty. The DTPC provides pleasure boating facilities at the reservoir. Accommodation is available at the Project Inspection Bungalow.


The Missouri Public Defender Commission is suing Governor Jay Nixon (D). Director Michael Barrett claims it's unconstitutional for Nixon to withhold $3.5 million of the state public defender office's $4.5 million budget.
"We're an independent department within the third branch of government, the judiciary. I don't think the Governor's withhold authority gives him an excuse to reach across to a co-equal branch of government and essentially weaken that branch because revenues are down," says Barrett.
Barrett says the state is required to fund defense for those who can't afford a lawyer.
The office has about a 20% turnover rate annually. When a lawyer leaves, Barrett says another attorney's caseload will then double.
He says not properly funding his agency will mean Missouri's prison population will increase.
"If we continue as we're going, the right to counsel dissipates in Missouri. If just you look at the Department of Corrections budget, it has increased by $60 million under the Nixon administration," says Barrett.
He is not in favor of a lower budget withhold.
"The legislature sat down and had a conversation with us about what is absolutely needed to get us out of crisis mode. We arrived at that $4.5 million number," says Barrett.
Nixon's office says expenses for the Public Defender's office have increased by more than 9% during the past seven fiscal years, while the Governor has reduced the state workforce by more than 5,000 jobs in order to balance the budget.


Toledo's Maker's Mart is tomorrow,Saturday, November 16th, & has an awesome vendor list full of crafters and makers from both Ohio and Michigan. Get your early holiday shopping (or just, you know, shopping) on from 10-8 at the Amtrak Station in Toledo. For more info, check out the Facebook Event page.