Mobius/PX is designed to operate on compatible Windows desktop platforms. The software operates by connecting directly to the handset, using a suitable data cable or infrared adapter. You can also use Mobius/PX to send text messages via the Internet using the LogoManager SMS service.
Hardware: If you are connecting to a mobile phone, you need a standard IrDA compatible infrared port or FBUS cable or DLR-3 cable or DKU-5 cable, dependent on model. Bluetooth support also available.


text:
Q: check php running on windows I have installed XAMPP 1.7  on my windows 7. As expected, PHP is already included in this installer package. I look at XAMPP installed folder on my hard drive (C:\xampp) and it does have one folder named php.
Now, when I open XAMPP and take a look at Windows Task Manager, I see both apache and mysql appear on process tab and service tab but php does not appear on any of those tabs.
I just want to check whether php is runninng or not? Could you tell me why the above checking failed Or PHP is really not running at that time (please note that I have already activated XAMM at this time).

A: PHP does not have a running process when being invoked through apache.  Instead, the PHP interpreter is executed for each apache request.  To test if it is running, put
<?php phpinfo();

in a file named index.php and hit it in your browser.
If PHP is working, as it should with a default install of XAMPP, then you should see some information about your PHP installation on that page.

A: In a nutshell, apache will run php when it deems necessary (eg. when there's a new request). Try putting a script in C:\xampp\htdocs\mystuff (say, script.php) and go to //localhost/mystuff/script.php with your browser of preference — if it shows up, it's running as it should.

A: PHP does not run as a process through XAMPP, it is actually run through apache module.
If you want to check if php is running, in the document root, create a empty file.php with <?php phpinfo(); inside of it and run that in your browser.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.bandwidth.iris.sdk.model;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

@XmlRootElement(name="OrderHistory")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class OrderHistory {

    @XmlElement(name = "OrderDate")
    private String orderDate;
    @XmlElement(name = "Note")
    private String note;
    @XmlElement(name = "Author")
    private String author;
    @XmlElement(name = "Status")
    private String status;

    public String getOrderDate() {
        return orderDate;
    }

    public void setOrderDate(String orderDate) {
        this.orderDate = orderDate;
    }

    public String getNote() {
        return note;
    }

    public void setNote(String note) {
        this.note = note;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I am a law abiding citizen and respect the country's police!!!
I decided to be vigilant and observe what's happening around me!
Chaos – The bus, the beast!
There was a bus (in the opposite lane) trying to take a U-turn which was not possible without disrupting my lane. As a result, all the vehicles including the one standing in-front of me had to gear their vehicle in parking mode: stand still and let the giant cross. This was like minuscules getting bullied in school by the school's rockstar (tall and big brat). You don't really like the scene but nothing in your will could overturn what's happening. At least, today we were letting it happen to maintain the sanity of road conditions and were hoping to get to our destinations as quickly as possible. Right thing to do (period).
To my dismay, I was about to witness the most stupidest thing one can attempt in the situation like this. The hope of getting out of this jam was about to die as few rickshaw walas decided to go against the traffic while overtaking us (from the wrong lane) and blocked the street, making it impossible for anyone to move at all. We were stuck because of the bus and that bus couldn't move an inch because if it did, the rickshaws would have got squashed! Well… we are in India, sometimes these things are expected but I was left shellshocked!
"Who is going to take control of this situation?", I thought… There has to be some traffic control authority here. After all, we are talking about one of the busiest area of Mumbai: Bandra Terminus! And there he was… A traffic hawaldar to the rescue!
Waiting in my lane only to see others cutting their lane at the juncture to make it a bottleneck.
Traffic light to "turn right" is green but no one is moving because the cars in the front wants to go straight.
Traffic light has turned green but I can't move as others are still jumping signals.
I really appreciated the hawaldar to take a step forward in the right direction. He approached the driver and demanded him to maintain road discipline. It was about to be a picture perfect! A jam packed square in Mumbai traffic not moving an inch, and a hawaldar comes to rescue, magically turning around the situation upside down. But, it wasn't meant to be. What followed was a bitter reality!
The rickshaw walas were yelling on the poor hawaldar in a flash. It was the pure opposite of what we learnt in our kindergarten "achai ki burai pe jeet hoti hai". The brave policeman had two options. Option 1: Get beaten by the gang of rickshaw walas while he tries to control the traffic or Option 2: To save his own life and allow the rickshaws to pass! It was no surprise he chose the latter. I came home believing that these poor policemen can't do much unless they have support from the AAM JANTA!
All this happened 9 months ago. Over the period of time, I started to understand the pain of a policeman serving in this country! A few weeks ago, though, life made me travel back in time. Different place, different incident with same characters. I was returning home (I live in Ghatkopar) from my office in Thane via Teen Hath Naka when..
Imagine commuting from the above square everyday, it gets chaotic every time. "What is the reason?", you may wonder. The square as you can see has 6 lanes converging, I don't know why they call it a square! The most confused are the people who are on the road to Thane Station (going to and fro).
… the signal turned green by the time I reached square, to take a left turn. There is a concurrent street which merges into the square making it an unusual 5 street square. This 5th street is equivalent to the "5th wheel!" People coming from that street don't know when they are supposed to stop and when they are supposed to move. They are under the impression that they can cross the road at their will without even looking at the traffic lights. Now… as soon as I took the turn, all the vehicles started accelerating towards me, leaving me stranded in the middle of the square.
He took my license and accused me of jumping the signal. I asked him "don't let the other car go, he broke the signal I didn't!" Now the cat and mouse game started… I wanted to understand his perspective. "What did I do wrong?", I asked! "You jumped the signal", was his reply. Everyone is well versed on how to get out of these situations. I decided to take the high road. "Let me understand screenplay, now that I am part of the play", I told myself.
He was wearing the uniform, I didn't. He has to be right!
He got hold of my license. He has to be right!
I didn't threaten him by ganging up like those rickshaw walas. HE HAS TO BE RIGHT!
I was in no mood to get into a quarrel with a policeman, but I didn't want to pay either. So, he gave me a "pauti" (ticket for jumping signal) and kept my license. I was shocked by the indifference shown by a policeman in understanding my point of view just because I didn't have any uniform on me and a union to fallback on.
I got back home furious! Willing to understand the depth of it, I started reading about the traffic laws and violations. The ticket he gave me was not for jumping the signal but for "NO OVERTAKING". I understood my offence (not jumping signal, not overtaking in "no overtaking" zone): "Not agreeing with on-duty policeman". I was not angry anymore..
All of us are aware of the "Good Cop, Bad Cop" theory. It does produce the desired results when applied correctly. But, I never knew I will get to witness that… quite literally!


text:
Home > Photos > The Real Housewives of New Jersey
Saying Goodbye! Teresa Giudice Honors Her Mother At Sea While Filming 'RHONJ' Season 8
Source: FameFlynet
Mar. 24 2017, Updated 6:14 p.m. ET
Teresa Giudice's mother Antonia Gorga died suddenly earlier this month, and ever since, the Real Housewives of New Jersey star has been finding ways to honor her mom. At her funeral, Teresa posted a video on Instagram of friends and family releasing white balloons into the sky. And now, almost a month later, Teresa is bringing the memory of her mother with her to Florida, where she's filming the upcoming season of The Real Housewives of New Jersey.
While on the beach in Boca Raton, the Bravo star was spotted carrying a wreath of white flowers with her to the ocean.
She then got on a surfboard and paddled her way into the water with the wreath.
After what looked like a few moments of reflection, Teresa set the wreath free in the blue water.
Teresa Giudice Flaunts Her Bikini Body While In Mexico With Husband Luis Ruelas — Pics!
Teresa Giudice Shuts Down Speculation She's Exiting 'RHONJ' Amid Joe & Melissa Gorga Feud: 'I Started The Show!'
Teresa Giudice's Husband Luis Ruelas Accused Of Gifting 4 Stepdaughters Fake Cartier Bracelets
Teresa posted many photos of her mother on Instagram after her death, calling her "a very cherished part of our family."
Waiting on shore were Teresa's fellow housewives, Melissa Gorga and Danielle Staub. Danielle left the show 6 seasons ago but is rumored to be making her return.
What do you think of Teresa's tribute to her mom? Let us know in the comments!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thank you London for sharing your beautiful story and for helping all of us understand more the transgender experience within Mormonism!
A thoughtful and intelligent young person. Thanks for sharing your story with us London.


text:
Niagara Regional Raiders
Raiders Website
Seasons Regular Season Regular Season Regular Season Regular Season Regular Season Regular Season
Niagara Regional Raiders Recent News
Recent Burlington Braves News
The CJFL Life Member Award is saved for an individual that has contributed a great deal to their team, their Conference and to the CJFL as a whole. Today's Life Member honouree has done all that and more.
Darren Cocchetto is the President of the Ontario Conference.
He started his association with the OFC and Windsor AKO Fratmen, by playing four years from 1993 – 1997. Darren became a member of The AKO Fraternity in 2002 just as he was finishing his Law degree. He became President of the Fraternity in 2006 and held the position until 2013. He was elected Vice-President of the OFC in 2012 and with the resignation of the President at the time Darren was appointed President of the OFC in June of 2012 and still holds this position today. He also served as Deputy Commissioner in 2014 -2015 and the last few years, has also done double duty by being the OFC Statistician.
Darren has shown that he is very dedicated to the values and the mission of Canadian Junior Football League.
Darren is married to his wife Karen and they have two wonderful boys Hudson & Emmett and live in Kingston Ontario. He has his own Law Firm when football isn't interfering.
Submitted by: Paul Bartle
Win Your Tuition
10/22/2021, 9:15am PDT , By Supplied
Attend an Edmonton Elks game and win
Week 9 Head to Head
10/16/2021, 10:30am PDT , By Ryan Watters (@ryan2tswatters)
It's Football Weekend in Canada


At ESAOTE a group of software engineers work closely with end-users and opinion leaders to anticipate future requirements in diagnostic imaging.
SUITESTENSA RT is the point-of-reference Radiotherapy Information System and PACS for Radiation Treatment Planning prepared by Radiation Oncologists, Physicists, Radiotherapists. SUITESTENSA RT software reaches a substantial redesign of the radiotherapy workflow where all the Operators are guided by interactive tools, making their daily work smoother and more qualitative.


text:
Home / Collections / Painted Plates by Unity Coombes / Peacock and Moth (Original Painting)
Peacock and Moth (Original Painting)
Original gouache painting on cotton paper by Unity Coombes.
Framed Size with mount: 32 x 32cm
Available in three frame choices: Oak (solid wood), White (wood), Black (wood)
Please note: Our framers are recognised by the Fine Art Trade Guild for their quality because the custom frames have tightly pinned corners, and are made from precision cut wood in England, made bespoke for each order. All our frames are glazed with our Clarity+ Perspex. It's cut from the highest quality acrylic sheet that's both crystal clear, but also safe and filters out 99% of UV light to protect the artwork.
Read more about our FRAMING WORKSHOP here
There is a long tradition of botanical artists who, over centuries, have delicately hand-painted porcelain and ceramic plates with sprigs of flowers and boughs of flora and fauna. British artist Unity Coombes takes this tradition full circle and uses these antique plates as subjects for her own paintings on paper.
(A painting in its early stages, with just the bouquet and no other decoration or colour)
The collection features plates from numerous eras, including: the 18th century Chelsea factory, French Sèvres porcelain as well as antique Japanese and Dutch pieces. The paintings feel celebratory, a tribute to these delicate objects that have survived through the centuries. Often capturing their age with cracks and even repairs, Unity also adds small details such as tiny ladybirds and caterpillars.
The distinctive patterned backdrops are a signature of Unity's work and are inspired by the colour combinations and motifs found within the dishes and plates. The contrast between plate and pattern is compelling. It is as if the plate has been found in an old papered cupboard and seeing the light of the day for the first time in a long time.
Working from her garden studio, Unity surrounds herself with all sorts of objects she has collected, which often find their way into her paintings. Having previously worked in museums, she cites a period at the Ashmoleon Museum in Oxford as a real inspiration, particularly the early Chinese porcelain collection she worked on.
Like all botanical painting, there is great attention to detail in Unity's work but there is also freedom and a freshness to them that gives them life and character.
Delft Bird (Print)
Exotic Bird (Print)
Pink Rose (Print)
Bird and Butterflies (Print)


The latest news from Blackburn and surrounding areas.
The latest news from around the country.
A look behind the local headlines.
The editor's comments on current events.
The news today - five and ten years ago.
A look at local history.
Eric Leaver's views on the latest issues.
Our on-line guide to haute cuisine.
The latest news from the world of showbiz.
Search our archive of news and sports stories.
PAULA Townsend went on a tyre slashing spree after mixing alcohol and prescribed medication. Blackburn magistrates heard that she used a knife to slash tyres on 11 different cars in the Bentham Road area where she lives.
And the court was told that Townsend could offer no logical explanation for her behaviour.
Townsend, 31, of Broadway Street, Blackburn, pleaded guilty to two specimen charges of criminal damage and asked for nine other offences to be taken into consideration. She was given a conditional discharge for 12 months and ordered to pay £50 costs and £653 compensation.
Claire Fanning, prosecuting, said Townsend had been seen running away and throwing the knife away. When interviewed she said she had been drinking after taking Prozac.
Sarah Perkins, defending, said Townsend, who is due to be married next week, had been suffering from depression since the death of her mother. "She is extremely remorseful and this was totally out of character," said Miss Perkins.
"You have a lady before you who is not criminally minded. This was a one off incident which came about because of her inability to cope with the death of someone she had been very close to."


"I have always said that I have no idea how or why God has carried me over so many funny and hard places, and made these hordes of people submit to me, or why the Government should have given me the privilege of a Magistrate among them, except in answer to prayer made at home for me. It is all beyond my comprehension. The only way I can explain it is on the ground that I have been prayed for more than most. Pray on, dear one — the power lies that way."
Mary Slessor was a hard working Scottish mill girl and an unorthodox Sunday School teacher, who, inspired by David Livingstone, became a missionary in Calabar, Nigeria, an area where no European had set foot before. Despite several bouts of illness and constant danger, she lived with the tribes, learned their language, and traditions, earning their respect and putting an end to some barbaric practises, such as the killing of twins. She adopted many Nigerian children (particularly twins) who had been left to die.
When Southern Nigeria became a British Protectorate, she became the first ever female Magistrate in the British Empire and a skilful diplomatic emissary.
Mary died in 1915, aged 67, with great mourning amongst the tribes to whom she had dedicated her whole life.


All GMI® Gates are engineered to be the safest in the industry. GMI® Pet Gates are available in GuardMaster® II Wire Mesh, GuardMaster® III Wood Slat, and KeepSafe® Wood Expansion Styles, in 24", 32" and 42" heights, and in standard, wide, extra wide and super wide widths to suit your needs. We recommend that you measure your opening carefully before selecting your gate. All of our wood and wood framed gates are proudly Made In The USA!


text: Q: Will tcp retransmission have impact on other connection? Say i have a server A having tcp retransmission between A and B, now if another client C talks to A (A -> C) there is no retransmission but will retransmission between A and B have impact on A and C channel?


Od is a successful pop-singer in the thriving and musically diverse Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar. But his ego is getting in his way and he has lost any feeling for the music he sings. Then he meets Geegee, who works as a simultaneous translator for international business meetings, but who is truly a bright-hearted singer.
Geegee tries to reconnect Od with their community heritage – in the end it will be a traditional song that leads him to forge a new, modern sound in touch with the traditions of the city.


text:
By Tim Leeds
Governor outlines phased 'Reopening Montana' plans
Plan allows for businesses to open April 27, schools, bars and restaurants May 4
In a press conference at noon today, Gov. Steve Bullock announced his plan for a phased reopening of the state, with restrictions remaining in place through the first phases.
"Our new normal is going to look different," Bullock said. "This virus isn't gone for Montana."
Bullock said that, starting Sunday, his stay-at-home directive will be lifted, including churches being allowed to start in-person services, although social distancing must still be enforced.
Monday, main street and retail businesses can reopen, Bullock said, with requirements of social distancing and testing and regulating employees to reduce the chance people with the virus spread it to others.
Monday, May 4, restaurants and bars will be allowed to open to in-house business, with strict requirements of social distancing including limiting the number of customers to no more than half of full capacity.
Thursday, May 7, schools will have the option to start in-classroom instruction again.
Gymnasiums, pools and hot tubs will remain closed during phase one of the reopening.
General visitation to nursing homes also will not be allowed during the first phase.
Bullock also said that local jurisdictions will be able to continue with stronger restrictions and requirements than that state directives will require.
He said the first thing he wanted to focus on is what will not change: People are asked to continue handwashing, sanitizing surfaces, watching for symptoms and calling a medical provider if the symptoms arise, using nonmedical face masks if out in the public, and minimizing nonessential travel.
"And watching out for our neighbors," he said.
He said care must be taken as restrictions start to loosen.
"Once we begin to reopen we want to be able to stay open," Bullock said.
Bullock said the reasons for relaxing the stay-at-home order go beyond just looking at numbers, but credited the actions of local governments and Montanans themselves for the success in slowing the spread of the virus.
He said Montana has some of the lowest numbers of COVID-19 cases in the nation, both in real numbers and in per-capita numbers. The same is true of hospitalizations, he said.
"We have flattened that curve and saved lives," he said. ' … These collective actions allowed us to get to where we are today."
While his plan includes a second and third phase of the re-opening, Bullock said monitoring and testing will continue as the reopenings occur and how it goes will determine how things will progress.
"I'm not putting an expiration date on phase one," he said.
Bullock also said that when the state would move to the next phases, or go back to more restrictive conditions, depends on what the state sees with the spread of the virus as restrictions are loosened.
"Note, please, that none of this is carved in stone," he said.
The full outline of the phased reopening and guidelines for reopening are available on the state COVID-19 pages at http://www.covid19.mt.gov .
Watch for more here and in Thursday's edition of the Havre Daily News.
Governor plans to extend stay-at-home directive
Bullock: Phased reopening will be worked through next week on potentially for after April 24
State to begin processing UI claims for self-employed Montanans
Infant found safe, Amber Alert canceled
Governor orders statewide in-facility shutdowns tonight including bars, restaurants


text:
George Critchett, född 1817 i Highgate, död 1 november 1882, var en brittisk oftalmolog.

Critchett studerade i London, främst vid London Hospital. År 1846 blev han assistant surgeon vid London Ophthalmic Hospital i Moorfields, där han sedermera blev consulting surgeon. Han var berömd som operatör, och är främst känd för att ha infört operationsmetoden iridodesis (1858), vilken syftar till att flytta pupillen, från ett ogenomsynligt till ett klart parti av hornhinnan.

Källor

Critchett, George

Brittiska oftalmologer
Personer i Storbritannien under 1800-talet
Födda 1817
Avlidna 1882
Män
Salmonsens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Malta's migration politics has reached a new level of irony that unashamedly ridicules the desperate plight of refugees losing their lives at sea. The recent news that Libyan business representatives will be granted temporary visas to come to Malta to conduct business flies in the face of EU-wide calls for safe and legal access to protection for refugees.
Together with Malta's Individual Investor Programme, this is yet another message Malta is choosing to send to the world: "if you are a rich migrant, the red carpet will be rolled out, whilst if you're a refugee it's either Italy or detention".
In principle, we have no objection to this new scheme as it has clear economic advantages for the Maltese and Libyan economies, thereby potentially improving the lives of persons and communities. It could also represent a legal and safe way for some refugees to access Malta's asylum procedure. Yet whilst the Government discusses and implements this scheme, we continue to receive urgent requests for assistance from Libyans, Syrians and other persons outside of their countries due to wars and persecution, yet they are unable to move on and unable to return home.
The refusal of Malta's and other EU Member State embassies and representations to grant humanitarian visas to these refugees remains one of the key factors pushing them onto boats to attempt to cross the Mediterranean.
"When we're asked, 'which embassy will give my family a visa to come to safety?', we know there is very little we can say or do. It's terrible, because we know what usually happens next: a floundering boat packed with men, women and children becomes a very expensive visa, with little guarantee of safe arrival." (Dr. Neil Falzon, aditus foundation Director).
Once again, we strongly urge the Maltese authorities to consider translating the logic behind this new temporary visa scheme into humanitarian action with a view to granting refugees safe and legal access to Malta.
The statement is downloadable here (.pdf).
On 30 January we reported our Director's participation at the first 'European Migration Forum: Safe Routes, Safe Futures: How to managed mixed flows of migrants across the Mediterranean'. During the Forum Neil delivered a forceful presentation on the human rights challenges the EU should be considering in its discussions on the Mediterranean and access to territory and protection by migrants and refugees. In his presentation Neil also made an urgent appeal to the EU to stop ignoring civil society organisations, and to stop treating them exclusively as service-providers filling the gaps created by Member States' attitudes towards migrants and refugees.
respect for the rights of undocumented migrants, the decriminalisation of migration and of humanitarian assistance.
We're happy to have participated in this Forum, and honoured to have been invited to present our views from the ground.


© 2017 Sanavia et al.
The clinical conditions that lead to an alteration of the enamel structure are numerous. The diet high in sugars and acidifying substances, psychological stress that triggers parafunctional behaviors, the reduced intake of fiber-rich foods or alkalizing substances, together with other factors, contribute to demineralization of the tooth enamel. Dental mineralizing products on the current market are distinguished according to the dosage form, the active ingredient, the release technology, clinical indications and patient choice. Currently, it is necessary to propose to oral health professionals a guide to orient themselves in this chaotic choice, in order to prefer the most effective product for their own clinical target.
Italian Society of Oral Hygiene Sciences-S.I.S.I.O. is one of the leading scientific Italian societies representing those dental hygienists working with high-quality standards and in agreement with scientific evidence: in the last year, the SISIO working group has carried out a study focused on remineralizing agents in dentistry, in order to give an authoritative point of view to indicate a guideline in the decision process of the choice of a remineralizing agent. We will report the results pointed out from the last consensus meeting in 2017.
We have reported the good the bad and the ugly have been discussed in a critical discussion of such topic.
The SISIO experience has been reported in this position paper with the aim to serve as a useful aid in the daily choice of the clinical steps to perform, when dental professionals need to treat demineralized teeth.
Keywords: Dental Hygiene, Oral health, Dental Remineralizing, Enamel, Toothpaste, Mouthwash.
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp . Such disease is treated by means of invasive procedures aimed to remove the contaminated dental tissue, however, several strategies have been developed in order to give a new approach, such as the laser therapy .
The current literature suggests that demineralization should be retarded and remineralization should be enhanced to maintain a correct homeostasis able to protect the mineralized dental tissues .
However, this simple strategy seems to be unable to protect general population from carious lesions; in fact, caries is the most common dental disease worldwide .
A recent strategy is based on the treatment of early enamel lesions by innovative techniques and biomaterials .
Nanotechnology is constantly growing, and the applications of such technology on dentistry are daily increasing. Elkassas and Arafa  focused on the current status and the future implications of nanotechnology in preventive dentistry. Some nanomaterials showed antimicrobial effects making them a useful aid in the early-stage caries prevention, by intercepting early lesion progression, as nanosized calcium phosphate, carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, nano-amorphous calcium phosphate and nanoparticulate bioactive glass .
The challenge of clinicians is to achieve the best treatment of dental demineralization: this aim can be obtained with biomimetic biomaterials and innovative ways to carry them into the site of demineralization.
The repair of early dental demineralization has been recently achieved by peptides derived from milk caseins that associate with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) forming stable complexes.
An in-vitro study  was performed on 100 specimens obtained from 50 human premolars to investigate the caries inhibitory effect of remineralizing agents and Er:YAG laser. Acid resistance of human enamel was investigated with in-vitro experiments.
The used products were made from Casein Phosphopeptides Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) [GC Tooth mousse] cream and Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate (CPP-ACFP) [GC Tooth mousse plus] cream; on the other hands, the laser utilized was Er:YAG laser alone, and also a combination of CPP-ACP with Er:YAG laser, and CPP-ACFP with Er:YAG laser.
The lowest mean score of calcium loss, after acid attack with some acid substances typically used in such kind of experiments, was observed for CPP-ACFP with Er:YAG laser followed by CPP-ACFP but the differences between these groups were statistically not significant (p>0.05).
This study suggested that the combination of CPP-ACFP with Er:YAG laser is more effective in decreasing enamel demineralization, under acid conditions, when compared with other groups.
Since the products aimed to remineralize are numerous and each of them is based on a specific mechanism of action, it is interesting to consider that the literature has reported studies on almost all the active principles now present in the market. El-Wassefy et al.  investigated the combining effect of cold plasma and bioglass-phosphoric acid paste on demineralized enamel. Specimens were divided into five groups: (I) Control, demineralized enamel (C); (II) Demineralized enamel treated with fluoride varnish (F); (III) Cold plasma application to demineralized enamel (P); (IV) Demineralized enamel treated with bioglass paste (B); (V) Application of bioglass paste to cold plasma-treated demineralized enamel (PB). After having placed all specimens in remineralizing solutions for 24 h, they were accurately examined; the results showed that treating demineralized enamel with cold plasmas before the bioglass application ensured a significantly higher mineral volume recovery and micro-hardness of demineralized region, thus, shedding an interesting light on the role of cold plasmas as important playmaker of the correct remineralization of demineralized enamel.
Many biological processes are supported or promoted by inflammatory conditions, and many biological environments suffer from the impairment of oxidative stress levels [9-11].
Polyphenols have been demonstrated to be effective against several forms of oxidative stress, and in some cases, they have been also reported to be an in-vitro anticancer agents .
Proanthocyanidin is a well know polyphenol, and it has been shown to enhance dentine collagen stability and remineralization of artificial root caries. Epasinghe et al.  evaluated the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) in combination with tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and fluoride (F) on resistance to collagen degradation and remineralization of artificial caries lesions. Results showed that the lowest lesion depth and mineral loss were observed in the TCP+F+PA (p<0.05) group. The addition of PA to TCP+F also decreased hydroxyproline release, so the addition of PA to TCP+F reduced collagen degradation, inhibited demineralization and enhanced remineralization. This result clearly shows how tri-calcium phosphate and fluoride are the basis of the mineralizing process, but also other biological agents can have an impact on dental remineralization.
Majithia et al.  compared and evaluated the remineralization potential of three commercially available varnishes on artificial enamel lesions. Based on their results, all the three commercially available varnishes were capable of remineralizing initial enamel lesions that were induced artificially. No difference was noted in the remineralizing efficacy of the varnishes despite their different compositions. Varnish based on casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride showed slightly better recovery in surface micro-hardness as compared to the other varnishes. All the varnishes used in this study were however able to reverse the early-stage enamel lesions.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) is an inorganic salt and its functions can be related to the role of chelating agent as well as of corrosion inhibitor. da Camara et al.  evaluated the effect of fluoride dentifrices combined with sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) on enamel demineralization in-vitro. The study was performed on enamel bovine blocks and a placebo without fluoride and without HMP was also investigated. HMP1% promoted the lowest mineral loss, and led to significantly lower demineralization in the deeper regions of the subsurface lesion when compared with the other HMP-containing toothpastes. These results showed how the supplementation of an 1100-ppm F dentifrice with 1% HMP promoted a higher inhibitory effect against enamel demineralization when compared to a dentifrice containing the same amount of fluoride in-vitro, and it is indicated to patients at high risk of caries.
In the recent time, the dysmetabolic pathologies such as diabetes have put great attention on diet and on the composition of many oral health products. Carbohydrates are usually not suggested in a specific diet, in this light, many products have been tried to use other sugars such as xylitol.
Cardoso et al.  analyzed the effect of varnishes containing xylitol compared to commercial fluoridated varnishes on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ. In this research, artificial caries lesions were created and each specimen in each subject were treated once with different varnishes: 20% xylitol varnish seemed to be a promising alternative to increase surface and subsurface remineralization of artificial caries lesions in situ.
Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials. They can be considered as an alternative to nearly inert implant materials, and they are commonly used in dentistry. Palaniswamy et al.  evaluated remineralizing potential of bioactive glasses (BAGs), using as control the amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide (ACP-CPP) on superficial enamel lesions. The samples showed a reduction of the microhardness after demineralization; on the other hands, after application of remineralizing agents, both the tested remineralizing agents tested in this study have been effective in repair and prevention of demineralization. BAG showed better results initially, but in the late stages, both BAGs and ACP-CPP showed to have similar remineralizing potential.
Dental market is rich in product based on fluoride: the most used fluoride sources today are sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride: the first is able to kill bacteria, however, both have been shown to rebuild enamel. In fact, both types of fluoride can prevent tooth decay by protecting tooth enamel against acid erosion caused by bacteria.
Gangrade et al.  tested the efficacy of stannous fluoride (SnF2), in comparison with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP). After a superficial demineralization of the enamel, a remineralization procedure was carried out by using SnF2, CPP-ACPF, and CaSP. The results showed that the 3 tested remineralizing agents improved surface remineralization, but all ensured the complete process after the deadline of 7 days. SnF2 showed the highest potential for remineralization followed by CaSP and CPP-ACPF, highlighting the important role of this salt in the dental protection.
Many dental products have some compounds that could interact with the surface of dental appliances, as happens with dental implants as well as with the orthodontic brackets: the knowledge of also such behavior can affect the choice of the mouthwashes in case of remineralizing therapy. An Italian study reported the modification of the surface roughness induced by treatment with mouthwash containing amine fluoride and another containing zinc-substituted carbonate–hydroxyapatite. The treatment with fluoride based mouthwash showed a deep roughness in the streaks on the titanium bracket surface; this roughness was reported also in the metallic dental implants, causing bacterial contamination leading to severe and early infections in the implant site. On the contrary, the in-vitro treatment with a mouthwash containing zinc-substituted carbonate–hydroxyapatite reduced the surface roughness, inhibiting the bacterial growth on the implant-supported prostheses. These results should be taken into consideration when we suggest a treatment based on mouthwashes containing amine fluoride .
Commonly, the remineralization of a superficial layer of dental enamel is not easy to control, to achieve both a good aesthetic and functional result. The regeneration of the enamel lesions by promotion of a new mineralization in the most biomimetic pathway to ensure the formation of dental enamel, mimicking the natural biomineralization approach for enamel remineralization. Wang et al.  simulated the biological process of enamel development proteins, such as amelogenin. This study achieved a biomimetic remineralization process through the oriented attachment (OA) of nanoparticles based on non-classical crystallization theory. The interesting results indicates that the use of ECM proteins such as amelogenin in the biomineralization process, thus imitating the process of biomineralization, would be a successful strategy for enamel remineralization.
Apart from the additive strategies of remineralization Kerr et al. developed a novel approach for noninvasive treatment of dental caries based on killing Streptococcus mutans with high-frequency microwave energy (ME). In fact, the modulation the pH of carious lesions is able to stimulate the spontaneous tooth remineralization. Microwaves can kill the vast majority of S. mutans in-vitro, and this killing action made on S. mutans by ME promotes effective remineralization of S. mutans-demineralized enamel. Also this last approach should be taken into consideration for the management of early caries in minimal invasive dentistry (MID).
Italian Society of Oral Hygiene Sciences-S.I.S.I.O. is one of the leading scientific Italian society representing those dental hygienists working with high-quality standards and in agreement with scientific evidence: in the last year, the SISIO working group has carried out a study focused on remineralizing agents in dentistry, in order to give an authoritative point of view to indicate a guideline in the decision process of the choice of a remineralizing agent. (Table 1).
Table 1. The following table lists the names, the company, the active substances, properties, formulations of the products investigated by SISIO working group.
Az pro-expert rigenera smalto Procter & gamble Stabilized stannous fluoride Remineralisation and protection of the enamel Toothpaste Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
antibacterial Toothpaste Good action on teeth sensibility.
(fTCP 3M ESPE innovative technology)– Vernice Good action on teeth sensibility.
sodium fluoride 1450ppm Remineralisation Mousse Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
Duraphat fluoride varnish Colgate Sodium fluoride 22,600ppm Remineralisation Varnish Good action on teeth sensibility.
prevention of dental erosion Toothpaste Good action on soft and hard dental tissues.
Exense Cavex Hydroxyapatite Remineralisation Cream Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
silane Remineralisation Varnish Good action on teeth sensibility.
CPP-ACP (phosphopeptide casein -amorphous calcium phosphate), recaldent® 2% Remineralisation Vernice Good action on teeth sensibility.
antibacterial Cream Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
xylitol Remineralisation Cream Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
antibacterial protection Polishing paste Good antibacterial activity.
desensitization. Vernice Good action on teeth sensibility.
enamel strengthening Mouthwash Good action on soft and hard dental tissues.
Sodium fluoride 500ppm Remineralisation Mouthwash Good action on soft and hard dental tissues.
xilitolo Remineralisation Gel/foam Good persistence on teeth surfaces.
Rigenerate enamel science Unilever NR-5™ – calcium silicate and sodium phosphate Remineralisation enamel strengthening Serum Protection from bacterial contamination.
We will report the results pointed out from the last consensus meeting in 2017.
In our experience, we have analysed several products, each of them showed characteristics and advantages that we feel useful to briefly describe.
Some products are based on Stannous Fluoride which demonstrated the ability to dissociate into fluorine ion (anti-caries) and stannous ion (multi-therapeutic): the latter is unstable in water, losing nearly all its therapeutic capacity, because it easily forms the hydroxide. For this reason, Stannous Fluoride has been stabilized with two strategies: 1) formulation with a very low water content, 2) in the presence of chelating agents such as gluconate that are capable of sequestering the stannous ion, protecting it from hydrolysis and oxidation, but able to subsequently release the ion, therapeutically active on the surface of teeth and mucous membranes. Instead, the combination of sodium fluoride and calcium and the formation of calcium fluoride deposits, facilitate the conversion of long-term hydroxyapatite into fluorapatite, contributing to remineralization.
Another interesting product contains microbiorepair particles, small particles consisting of hydroxyapatite whose composition is very similar to that of the enamel. This similarity gives to microrepairs some biomimetic properties that allow the microparticles to integrate with enamel and dentin resulting in a mineralizing activity. This strategy allows to avoid to develop aggressive carious lesions, reducing the risk of pulp pathologies potentially affecting also systemic conditions [22-24].
The new technologies have allowed to create new products/formulations, often patented, as the fTCP - functionalized tricalcium phosphate- which ensures optimal and controlled mineralization due to the release of specific doses of calcium. It consists of crystalline Beta-tricalcium phosphate, a natural precursor of hydroxyapatite, thus mimics the biological mineralization process. Mineralize at a superficial and subsurface level; it operates in synergy with the saliva and fluoride. The saliva activates the fTCP and starts the calcium release process. The calcium and phosphate, released in low concentrations, act as a base to start the mineralization process in a controlled manner, mimicking the natural process of biomineralization. So fTCP and fluorine act synergistically to form a better quality mineral crystals, relatively large and densely compact. The fluorine accelerates the mineral growth, fTCP acts as a reserve for supplying the biological remineralization process.
The remineralization is a process relative to the hard tissues: these mineralized tissues are naturally produced by specific cells derived by the stem cells residing in dental pulp after differentiation processes [25-27].
The classic, but ever working, sodium fluoride varnish provides a high fluoride absorption and a proven occlusion of dentinal tubules, thus, it reduces the dentinal hypersensitivity in addition to the main function of remineralization of enamel. The alternative to the previous product is based on Fluoride silane; it dissolved in aqueous solution of ethyl acetate and isoamyl propionate, substances that facilitate the diffusion of fluoride ions and the adhesion to the enamel. The innovative releasing-system, thanks to its content homogeneously dissolved fluoride, allows the immediate availability of this component. Fluor Protector releases in a short time the entire contents of fluorine, thus it is guaranteed a direct and effective fluorination of the dental enamel. After the application of this product, finely distributed particles of calcium fluoride are carried on teeth. The thick cover layer acts as a storage, from which fluorine and calcium are released with prolonged action over time. As a result, the acids cannot directly attack enamel and dentin.
Many toothpastes work in several ways, such as by regulating the changes in the pH of the plaque, by preventing the adhesion and growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus on the tooth surface, by remineralizing the enamel lesions and makes it more resistant to acid attacks and by optimizing the absorption and transport of fluoride on the enamel.
Some of them contain the CPP-ACP (fosfopeptidecaseino-amorphous calcium phosphate) a derivative of milk casein. The CPP-ACP complex is able to fight against acid attacks and carry calcium and phosphate ions on the enamel in a highly absorbable form.
This mechanism ensures the contrast of demineralization and at the same time the remineralization of the tooth structure making it more resistant.
Remineralizing products are made by different and numerous compounds, some of them are biomaterials used as scaffold or fillers [28-30]. Many of them are quite often present in the common formulations, thus, we think it's interesting to briefly report their characteristics.
Carbonate promotes the release of calcium and phosphate ions from hydroxyapatite, as well as the release of other ions substituents magnesium, strontium and fluoride. The carbonate ion is present in abundance in the hydroxyapatite during bone formation, and then decrease in mature bone. The carbonate greatly reduces the stability of HA, raising its solubility in physiological environment and its ability to release calcium and phosphate ions [22-25].
Strontium desensitizing effect and synergistic action with fluoride has remineralization effects of enamel; the combination fluoro-strontium determines a higher antibacterial action. The incorporation of strontium in crystals in mineral phase promotes its stabilization, preventing further sensitivity phenomena. Strontium has a stimulating function of the bone formation process, for this is found in many drugs as anti-accelerator of the osteoporotic process .
Magnesium accelerates the nuclearization process of new crystals of hydroxyapatite and slows it volumetric growth. It will be generated a considerable number of small, more compact crystals with an increased specific surface area with high bioactivity. The magnesium substituent calcium in HA molecule, confers remineralization action, useful both in the formation of new enamel crystals and to promote the regeneration of the dentin; we can also consider as interesting the role of Chitosan, as it can improve the characteristics of muco-adhesion to enamel, so we could use a combined strategy with such materials.
Xylitol is a naturally occurring polyalcohol has anti-caries and anti-bacterial properties; it is absorbed as a sugar but it is not converted into cariogenic metabolites such as lactic acid .
Fluoride modifies the crystalline structure of biological hydroxyapatite and stabilizes it decreasing its solubility and reactivity. In bio-enamel the fluorine is administered as fluoro-hydroxyapatite form that allows the release of active components. The hydroxide ions present in the pseudo-hexagonal crystalline lattices, are directly exposed on the interprismatic surface thus they are strongly attackable by the H + ions of oral liquids. Their replacement with fluorine ions strongly reduces the solubility of hydroxyapatite transforming it into fluoro-hydroxyapatite with monoclinic crystal lattice and therefore more stable to acid attack [7, 17, 18].
Formulation is an important element of choice that could affect the efficacy of the product. Nowadays, many products are delivered in gel-formulation. An example is a gel composed of di-hydro-fluoride of bis-amino-propyl-N- hydrossiel-octadecylamine in addiction with flavouring agents and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Gel is considered to have a better action, given its ability to work in the areas difficult to reach by a common paste-formulation . Thanks to the topical action of fluorides, as it affects hard tissues of the tooth at 2 levels: the first is the increasing of enamel resistance to the corrosive action of fermentation products, another level of action is on the inhibition of the growth and development of the bacteria responsible for tooth decay. So, the strategy is to act on hard tissues, even if, in the general management of oral health, also soft tissues should be protected and regenerated [31-33].
Usually, remineralizing products are formulated in order to ensure a dos/release activity: in fact, the product, absorbed by the enamel, is stored and released slowly over time.
Many products are following the general criteria of the regenerative medicine in their action. One of the most important concept is the "biomimetism", the natural ability of a compound to mimicking the physiologic activity of a tissue . The use of crystals of synthetic hydroxyapatite (carbonate-hydroxyapatite-zinc-acting) ensure to reproduce a "biomimetic" behaviour very similar to the natural component of the tooth. Products containing this formulation are capable of repairing the enamel of the teeth thanks to the special molecular structure of the crystals of synthetic hydroxyapatite. This molecule has a mineralizing action as it adheres in a biomimetic manner to the tooth surface, with a repairing effect that lasts over time .
The last frontiers of dental healthcare are related to the use of new technologies to deliver the products, or to improve their effects on the surface of teeth (Table 2).
Furthermore, UV-rays are easy to use and useful to start some chemical reactions: varnishes are often applied in liquid state, but they are able to be hardening after being undergone to UV rays; moreover, UV and photothermal lamps have bactericidal action, leaving intact the tooth structures. An example is represented by the photodynamic therapy: it is able to destroy 99% of the bacteria present in the bacterial biofilm.
Table 2. Mineralizing associated technologies.
LED The therapeutic protocol is based on the use of a photosensitive substance, Toluidine Blue (TBO), which is activated by a light source at a given wavelength. The received energy emanates reactive oxygen with cytotoxic effect on the cell membrane of microorganisms It is able to destroy 99% of the bacteria present in the biofilm, even those resistant and / or susceptible to antibiotics. The treatment can be repeated several times without causing side effects and the bactericidal effect is immediate.
Ozone Ozone is one of the most effective oxidant, destroys bacteria, viruses or fungi, and carries out a hemostatic action. The ozone produced is delivered at the precise point to be treated. The ozone applied to the carious tooth surface is able to obtain an effective regression of caries, because it is able to stop the growth of bacteria and eliminate them progressively.
The ozone therapy is another useful and widely used technology: this therapy, if applied to the carious tooth surface, is able to obtain an effective regression of caries, because it is able to stop the growth of bacteria and eliminate them progressively .
These technologies are useful to improve the products activity but we can use them also in clinical diseases, such as gingivitis, pericoronitis or periimplantitis.
Italian Society of Oral Hygiene Sciences-S.I.S.I.O. involve the vast majority of dental hygienists working in private and public healthcare centers. The main scope of SISIO is to improve the current guidelines regarding the most timely topics related to oral health, within the limitations of the professional profile of dental hygienist. The SISIO-working group has reported in this position paper the experience reported by a large group of professionals representing the whole SISIO, in order to give a clear point of view and a useful guideline when dental professionals need to treat demineralized teeth.
A concrete aid to reduce/prevent the demineralization processes is represented by products mainly based on stabilized Stannous Fluoride which have revealed therapeutic activities both on the teeth surfaces, thanks to the formation of calcium fluoride deposits that promote the formation of fluorapatite, and on the soft tissues.
The different active drugs contained into the main oral remineralizing products could also be strongly carried on active sites by means of carriers able to influence the releasing features of the products. Microparticles are very promising in such field, since these carriers are able to treat and fill the enamel lesions.
Also the role of chemical agents in controlling the enamel lesions and dentinal sensibility have been properly reported; the current strategy is to regulate the pH by means of Chemical compounds that act through an effective buffer effect: some of them are particularly interesting and they are based on the CPP-ACP (fosfopeptidecaseino-amorphous calcium phosphate) a derivative of milk casein; nevertheless, also the traditional and well assessed molecules, such as the xylitol, have been confirmed as useful and highly preventive against the caries formation, especially in the youngest patients.
The future insights look with great interest towards the biomimetic products, able to be highly-targeted and with the ability to diagnose and treat the main enamel defects; iontophoresis and ozone therapy are also useful to maximize the therapeutic effects of such new products.
The future seems to be right now, we only need to correctly use the new products inside our traditional treatment plane: we hope this position paper will stimulate the readers to enlarge their own limits and to actively try new therapeutic approaches, in order to eradicate the severe forms of teeth demineralization.
 Farges JC, Alliot-Licht B, Renard E, et al. Dental pulp defence and repair mechanisms in dental caries. Mediators Inflamm 2015. 2015: 230251.
 Zhegova G, Rashkova M, Rocca JP. Minimally invasive treatment of dental caries in primary teeth using an Er: YAG Laser. Laser Ther 2014; 23(4): 249-54.
 Lata S, Varghese NO, Varughese JM. Remineralization potential of fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phospho peptide on enamel lesions: An in vitro comparative evaluation. J Conserv Dent 2010; 13(1): 42-6.
 Villalobos-Rodelo JJ, Medina-Solís CE, Verdugo-Barraza L, et al. Experience of non-reversible and reversible carious lesions in 11 and 12 years old Mexican schoolchildren: A negative binomial regression analysis. Biomedica 2013; 33(1): 88-98.
 Kind L, Stevanovic S, Wuttig S, et al. Biomimetic remineralization of carious lesions by self-assembling peptide. J Dent Res 2017; 96(7): 790-7.
 Elkassas DW, Arafa AA. The innovative applications of therapeutic nanostructures in dentistry. Nanomedicine 2017; 17(7): S1549-9634.
 Nair AS, Kumar RK, Philip ST, Ahameed SS, Punnathara S, Peter J. A Comparative analysis of caries inhibitory effect of remineralizing agents on human enamel treated with Er: YAG Laser: An In-vitro atomic emission spectrometry analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10(12): ZC10-3.
 El-Wassefy NA. Remineralizing effect of cold plasma and/or bioglass on demineralized enamel. Dent Mater J 2017; 36(2): 157-67.
 Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Scacco S, et al. Relationship between oxidative stress and "burning mouth syndrome" in female patients: A scientific hypothesis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16(9): 1218-21.
 Inchingolo F, Marrelli M, Annibali S, et al. Influence of endodontic treatment on systemic oxidative stress. Int J Med Sci 2013; 11(1): 1-6.
 Marrelli M, Gentile S, Palmieri F, Paduano F, Tatullo M. Correlation between Surgeon's experience, surgery complexity and the alteration of stress related physiological parameters. PLoS One 2014; 9(11): e112444.
 Tatullo M, Simone GM, Tarullo F, et al. Antioxidant and antitumor activity of a bioactive polyphenolic fraction isolated from the brewing process. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 36042.
 Epasinghe DJ, Kwan S, Chu D, Lei MM, Burrow MF, Yiu CK. Synergistic effects of proanthocyanidin, tri-calcium phosphate and fluoride on artificial root caries and dentine collagen. Mater Sci Eng C 2017; 73: 293-9.
 Majithia U, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Trivedi K, Shah S, Virda M. Comparative evaluation of application of different fluoride varnishes on artificial early enamel lesion: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2016; 27(5): 521-7.
 da Camara DM, Pessan JP, Francati TM, Souza JA, Danelon M, Delbem AC. Fluoride toothpaste supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate reduces enamel demineralization in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20(8): 1981-5.
 Cardoso CA, Cassiano LP, Costa EN, et al. Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ. J Dent 2016; 50: 74-8.
 Palaniswamy UK, Prashar N, Kaushik M, Lakkam SR, Arya S, Pebbeti S. A comparative evaluation of remineralizing ability of bioactive glass and amorphous calcium phosphate casein phosphopeptide on early enamel lesion. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13(4): 297-302.
 Gangrade A, Gade V, Patil S, Gade J, Chandhok D, Thakur D. In vitro evaluation of remineralization efficacy of different calcium- and fluoride-based delivery systems on artificially demineralized enamel surface. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19(4): 328-31.
 Lelli M, Marchisio O, Foltran I, et al. Different corrosive effects on hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and amine fluoride-based mouthwashes on dental titanium brackets: a comparative in vitro study. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8: 307-14.
 Wang H, Xiao Z, Yang J, et al. Oriented and ordered biomimetic remineralization of the surface of demineralized dental enamel using HAP@ACP nanoparticles guided by glycine. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 40701.
 Kerr JE, Arndt GD, Byerly DL, Rubinovitz R, Theriot CA, Stangel I. FT-Raman spectroscopy study of the remineralization of microwave-exposed artificial caries. J Dent Res 2016; 95(3): 342-8.
 Marrelli M, Paduano F, Tatullo M. Cells isolated from human periapical cysts express mesenchymal stem cell-like properties. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9(10): 1070-8.
 Marrelli M, Paduano F, Tatullo M. Human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neuronal cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94(6): 843-52.
 Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Paduano F. The regenerative medicine in oral and maxillofacial surgery: The most important innovations in the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12(1): 72-7.
 Tatullo M, Falisi G, Amantea M, Rastelli C, Paduano F, Marrelli M. Dental pulp stem cells and human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue regeneration: Comparison of basal and osteogenic differentiated gene expression of a newly discovered mesenchymal stem cell lineage. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2015; 29(3): 713-8.
 Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Falisi G, et al. Mechanical influence of tissue culture plates and extracellular matrix on mesenchymal stem cell behavior: A topical review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29(1): 3-8.
 Marrelli M, Falisi G, Apicella A, et al. Behaviour of dental pulp stem cells on different types of innovative mesoporous and nanoporous silicon scaffolds with different functionalizations of the surfaces. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2015; 29(4): 991-7.
 Paduano F, Marrelli M, White LJ, Shakesheff KM, Tatullo M. Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on hydrogel scaffolds derived from decellularized bone extracellular matrix and collagen type I. PLoS One 2016; 11(2): e0148225.
 Marrelli M, Pujia A, Palmieri F, et al. Innovative approach for the in vitro research on biomedical scaffolds designed and customized with CAD-CAM technology. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29(4): 778-83.
 Paduano F, Marrelli M, Palmieri F, Tatullo M. CD146 expression influences periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cell properties. Stem Cell Rev 2016; 12(5): 592-603.
 Marrelli M, Tatullo M. Influence of PRF in the healing of bone and gingival tissues. Clinical and histological evaluations. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17(14): 1958-62.
 Inchingolo F, Tatullo M, Marrelli M, et al. Regenerative surgery performed with platelet-rich plasma used in sinus lift elevation before dental implant surgery: An useful aid in healing and regeneration of bone tissue. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16(9): 1222-6.
 Tabata T, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Assessment of enamel cracks at adhesive cavosurface margin using three-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Dent 2017; 61: 28-32.
 Ren W, Baig A, Li SK. Passive and iontophoretic transport of fluorides across enamel in vitro. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103(6): 1692-700.
 Samuel SR, Dorai S, Khatri SG, Patil ST. Effect of ozone to remineralize initial enamel caries: In situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20(5): 1109-13.


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Mem. Mejiro Gakuen Woman's Jr College 1: 76 (1964)

#### Original name
Milesina coniogrammes Hirats.

### Remarks
null


text:
No Gilt Edges
I have sent a quotation request to a dozen printers the other day. It was for a gift hardback for Christmas, and since I wanted to have some fun with the production I've asked for gilt edges as an option. All printers, invariably, have told me that they can't do gilt edges for me – with the exception of one, who said that there's a company they've used some time ago who can do it, but the price per unit is prohibitive, one pound or more.
I have been watching the rapid demise of hardbacks in the last few years, so I am not surprised in the least. But to say I don't feel bad about this would be a lie. Let me make this clear: I am not advocating the return of laid paper, gilt edges and wooden movable types, but it's depressing to see how what was once a craft is so much devalued and has become so irrelevant.
The fact that fewer and fewer people care about the production quality of a book, and that paper seems to have become for many just as good a vehicle as a computer screen or a hand-held device can only be good news for the likes of Google and Amazon. For me, it's the end of publishing as we know it.
The sixteenth-century Italian writer Aretino once famously said to his printer that he wanted no other recompense than being published on the very best paper. Perhaps he had a prophetic feeling that his books – that all books would be one day museum pieces, like the wax tables of the Romans.
And it's almost happening, I'm afraid.
Synecdoche NY
Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey storms into the Top Ten C...
Improvisatore or cabinet-maker?
Bing-ooo!
Total washout
Total melt-down
Off to Paris
The Alessandro Gallenzi Century
A Quiet Tour de Force
A bright day - at last!
Suicide-inducing news
What the Dickens!
Taking the Epistolary Form to a Special Place
Hungarian talent 2
Hungarian talent
The Queen's Necklace
Stranger than fiction. . .
A Belinsky moment. . .
Murdoch Me...
A Huge Chunk of His Heart on the Page
The Decline and Fall of Books
The Art of Sinking in Poetry
DEAR EVERYBODY: UK Blog Tour Wrap Up
Burning Books
Machiavelli's Prince - the jury is in
A visit to the Louvre


text:
Q: .elf format internal inspection I was reading ELF format specification, where was told all this stuff with elf-headers, program header, sections, segments and etc.
All this is referenced as structs with all kind of fields and values.
So question is, where all this go? I mean, can I watch them as structs, not as output of readelf util?
Is there any intermediate file, where all this elf-magic exist, merged into source code? Or it is just internals of compiler, and in specification structs are mentioned just for humans?)
It looks like "chicken and egg question" for me (speaking about compiled code in terms of code).

A: These structures are present in the ELF files.
Let's look at the ELF header:
#define EI_NIDENT (16)

typedef struct
{
  unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];     /* Magic number and other info */
  Elf32_Half    e_type;                 /* Object file type */
  Elf32_Half    e_machine;              /* Architecture */
  Elf32_Word    e_version;              /* Object file version */
  Elf32_Addr    e_entry;                /* Entry point virtual address */
  Elf32_Off     e_phoff;                /* Program header table file offset */
  Elf32_Off     e_shoff;                /* Section header table file offset */
  Elf32_Word    e_flags;                /* Processor-specific flags */
  Elf32_Half    e_ehsize;               /* ELF header size in bytes */
  Elf32_Half    e_phentsize;            /* Program header table entry size */
  Elf32_Half    e_phnum;                /* Program header table entry count */
  Elf32_Half    e_shentsize;            /* Section header table entry size */
  Elf32_Half    e_shnum;                /* Section header table entry count */
  Elf32_Half    e_shstrndx;             /* Section header string table index */
} Elf32_Ehdr;

typedef struct
{
  unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];     /* Magic number and other info */
  Elf64_Half    e_type;                 /* Object file type */
  Elf64_Half    e_machine;              /* Architecture */
  Elf64_Word    e_version;              /* Object file version */
  Elf64_Addr    e_entry;                /* Entry point virtual address */
  Elf64_Off     e_phoff;                /* Program header table file offset */
  Elf64_Off     e_shoff;                /* Section header table file offset */
  Elf64_Word    e_flags;                /* Processor-specific flags */
  Elf64_Half    e_ehsize;               /* ELF header size in bytes */
  Elf64_Half    e_phentsize;            /* Program header table entry size */
  Elf64_Half    e_phnum;                /* Program header table entry count */
  Elf64_Half    e_shentsize;            /* Section header table entry size */
  Elf64_Half    e_shnum;                /* Section header table entry count */
  Elf64_Half    e_shstrndx;             /* Section header string table index */
} Elf64_Ehdr;

The ELF header is at the beginning of every ELF file.
What this actually means is that the first 16 bytes of ELF files are the e_ident fields on the ELF header:

*

*the first byte is 0x7f;

*the second is 'E';

*the third is 'L';

*the fourth is 'F';

*the fifth is the class;

*the sixth is the data encoding;

*the seventh is file version;

*the eight is the OS ABI;

*etc.
After the e_ident field, the next 2 bytes are the e_type.
It you head /bin/bash, you will be able to see the ELF near the beginning.
Now if you take an hexdump of the beginning of an ELF file:

$ xxd /bin/bash | head
00000000: 7f45 4c46 0201 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000  .ELF............
00000010: 0200 3e00 0100 0000 7005 4200 0000 0000  ..>.....p.B.....
00000020: 4000 0000 0000 0000 c0cd 0f00 0000 0000  @...............
00000030: 0000 0000 4000 3800 0900 4000 1d00 1c00  ....@.8...@.....
00000040: 0600 0000 0500 0000 4000 0000 0000 0000  ........@.......
00000050: 4000 4000 0000 0000 4000 4000 0000 0000  @.@.....@.@.....
00000060: f801 0000 0000 0000 f801 0000 0000 0000  ................
00000070: 0800 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 0400 0000  ................
00000080: 3802 0000 0000 0000 3802 4000 0000 0000  8.......8.@.....
00000090: 3802 4000 0000 0000 1c00 0000 0000 0000  8.@.............

The first line of this hexdump are the first 16 bytes (e_ident):

*

*the first byte is indeed 0x7f;

*then comes "ELF";

*after that comes the class 0x02 for ELFCLASS64 (ELF64);

*then the encoding, 0x01 for ELFDATA2LSB;

*etc.
The first two bytes of the second line are the e_type. They are encoded in LSB (because of ELFDATA2LSB) so the value is actually 0x0002 which means ET_EXEC (this is an executable file).
The next two bytes are the architecture (e_machine): 0x003e for EM_X86_64 because this is a x86_64 executable file.
You should be able to decode manually all the fields in the ELF header and you should find the same values as the ones given by readelf. From this, you can locate other ELF structures in the file such as the ElfXX_Shdr or ElfXX_Phdr and decode them based on their definition (and you should find the same infromations as the ones given by readelf).


Depending on your seeks, translations may serve you great, but should you want deeper familiarity with a terminology, you ought to go along with definitions. Every translation requires a key, that cannot be improved once novice created. Likewise medical translations or transcriptions are tough to manage legal translations is often rather challenging.
The principal explanation is without question since it isn't only literal parallelverschiebung but quite very certain context. Consequently, translation has a important function in making people understand precisely what you want to say to them. Legal translations not necessarily easy. Normally, professional vertaling are revised by one other translator. They are really done by knowledgeable linguists that know how to speedily solve the challenges that they find, when never missing the quality of the text. You are able to learning much more on the issue of professional translations and average prices.
Translation is understood to be the method for translation words or perhaps text coming from 1 language into a further. Then it attempt to use parallelverschiebung from the English language locale. Since literal snel can be complicated to read, a number of have generated more understandable Bibles making use of the vibrant equivalence idea. The crucial correct goedkoop take a great unacceptable stage further in they want to make the text inoffensive together with understandable. If you easily fetch the brand new translations in the EM just about every guarantee that they'll be used.
Picking Good Translations With the right type of translation do lose out on the world and find the translation carried out from indigenous language viewers. So , whether or not it can not be found, the string can be printed in the screen. In most cases, there are several snel with the correct BCP 47 identifier .
Critical Pieces of Snel Numerous styles of translation require various way of handling. As that moment in time, the translation was taken off circulation and won't be re-released until novice corrected and revised, " explained Hersman. The snel of the a variety of documents focusing on Inkscape depend on the job of volunteers.
Snel: No Longer a Mystery Translation has at any time existed being a method of connection between persons of different languages and religions. Document translation part of a complicated specialized translation treatment, and so it will help to receive professional tips from a specialist vendor from the beginning. The absolute strongest, accurate report translation, especially in regards to the complexities of health and wellbeing translation, requires a human element.
If you are a translator, then you must keep on learning new things regarding translation and use all the needed tools to know more regarding the best techniques that will assist you to supply improved translations. Translator is no more than a neighborhood flag, not really a huge role of any type, so that it cannot be requested. Even though a translator may well not only change the body of textual content from one particular language to other, this individual also can help you in delivering the message along with its interpretation. Your xn—-btbbmcvjui3bhj4as5d.xn--p1ai translator might read a particular interpretation in your formatting. As a consequence, various translators specialize in various fields of translation in the place where they will possess the ideal expertise and experience.


Network error: Software caused connection abort (SSH & FTP) due to IP ban?
I have been setting up Fail2Ban and ufw. I have added my IP to ufw and fail2ban whitelists, but after simulating mutiple failed ssh login attempts it seems my IP has been banned.
I get the following error message in putty and FileZilla when using the 'banned' IP to attempt a connection: "Network error: Software caused connection abort".
I looked in the fail2ban jail, but there were no active bans. My IP is whitelisted in IP tables yet I cannot attempt a connection over Putty or FileZilla. I tried from another IP and it connects without issues.
Given that I cannot find my IP blocked in IP tables or in the fail2ban jail, what else could cause this? I have tried disabling ufw and rebooting the server multiple times.
The problem was with 'denyhosts' that came pre-installed so I was unaware of it. It did not create any entries in iptables, leading to the confusion.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged ssh iptables putty fail2ban ubuntu-16.04 or ask your own question.
Why is fail2ban not banning this attack?


It's always a joy to try out a different cuisine and explore the world on a plate. Head to Cabaret if you want to have fun while being served a range of Asian, Korean and North Indian delicacies that have been cooked to perfection with a combination of fresh ingredients and aromatic herbs. With daring and bold interiors featuring red as their color code, Cabaret has an attractive ambience that is filled with energetic vibes and soothing music that puts you in a state of happiness and delight. Promising a treat to your senses, Cabaret is sure to leave you wanting to go back for more. The staff here is courteous and cordial and ensure a memorable dining experience for all.


The purpose of this policy bulletin is to inform staff of the MetroCard Incentive Project Flyer – Mailer Only (EXP-78) which will be mailed directly to employed participants by MIS. The flyer announces the availability of a free monthly unlimited MetroCard which can be issued for up to six months, and includes a telephone number that the participant can call for more information. The flyer was created to target employed participants who have found unsubsidized employment and may qualify for the MetroCard Incentive Project (MIP).


Tultitlan, Mexico is the site of a large garbage dump near Mexico City, and the people living there work as trash recyclers. Whole families, adults and children, work together on the dump. This September Tom Carter is returning to Tultitlan with Agua Pura Para El Pueblo to offer a series of workshops on clean water and sanitation for the people of the community. Families there have limited access to clean drinking water and children are often sick, but under the co-sponsorship of the Mexican non profit organization Amextra, community leaders will be trained in methods to test drinking water for contamination and in ways to make their water safe to drink. Tom and his wife Susan will be working with school groups, womens organizations and local community leaders to offer programs in basic sanitation and health.
Agua Pura's staff and board are all volunteers and 100% of all donations goes directly to provide materials for our programs. On this trip Agua Pura will be distributing over 200 water temperature indicators that show when the water is safe to drink. Accurate, scientific water testing materials will be provided so that families water supplies can be checked for contamination. Tools and materials for making stoves will also be given to community members.


text:
package com.stratio.sparta.plugin.input.twitter

import java.io.{Serializable => JSerializable}

import org.junit.runner.RunWith
import org.scalatest._
import org.scalatest.junit.JUnitRunner

@RunWith(classOf[JUnitRunner])
class TwitterJsonInputTest extends WordSpec {

  "A TwitterInput" should {

    "fail without parameters" in {
      intercept[IllegalStateException] {
        new TwitterJsonInput(Map())
      }
    }
    "fail with bad arguments argument" in {
      intercept[IllegalStateException] {
        new TwitterJsonInput(Map("hostname" -> "localhost", "port" -> "BADPORT")
          .mapValues(_.asInstanceOf[JSerializable]))
      }
    }
  }
}


text:
15. Artificial Intelligence "AI"
Licensor uses Artificial Intelligence (hereafter "AI") functionality to make the Service more effective for licensee. This might be, and is not limited to, automatic accounting features and receptions of data. Licensee may contact their external accountant and, if necessary, revoke any consent to use AI functionality. We warn that this might result in higher accounting fees connected to more manual processes.
To use AI functionality you accept that the licensor and its affiliates are granted access to the licensee's raw data. The raw data shall mean any and all invoices or other accounting records made available to the AI functionality through any accountant's or End Customer's use of this functionality, as well as historic and future accounting files, records and data on the licensor's platform, including settings and accounting measures and other actions made, or that will be made in the future, by any accountant and/or the End Customer through the Service. To ensure the development of the AI functionality the licensor and its affiliates will have an automatic and continuous access to the raw data, as well as the right to transfer the raw data from the licensor's platform to a platform controlled by its affiliates, for the purpose of enhancing the AI functionality, and the technology which it is based on. The use of the raw data will be a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide, fully-paid, transferable sublicensable license to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, translate, process, create derivative works from, and display the raw data, without compensation to any accountants or End Customers for the purpose of enhancing the AI functionality, and the technology which it is based on.
16. Data and Copyrights
While licensor is only responsible for the distribution of the data, data inside the Service belongs to the legal entity that owns the accounting information (registered company number in the company client). All data entered by the licensee or any third part is their property and they have full ownership of the data. The Licensor may, upon prior notice to the licensee, delete data considered harmful for the system or data that is illegal. The licensor also has the right to delete data on any free licenses that have not been used for the last six months. The source code, design and other aspects of the system are considered the licensor's property and only the licensor has the ownership of it. The licensee may not edit, copy, resell or in any other way distribute the Services absent a written agreement with the licensor. Any improvements or tailoring of the Services according to the licensee's needs will be considered the licensor's work and the copyright will remain with the licensor.
The licensee's right to privacy is important for licensor. By accepting this CLA, licensee also consent to the licensors Privacy Notice and Data Processor Agreement. Licensee is responsible for setting and administrating rights for all its end-users, concerning access to modules and data, and reading rights for electronically stored emails. The licensor's employees have all signed a comprehensive non-disclosure agreement. Anyone who performs assignments on behalf of licensor which include further processing of the relevant personal data shall be familiar with the licensor contractual and legal obligations and fulfill the requirements thereto. Licensor will store the number and amount of invoices and accounting information for business tendency statistics, without identifying the licensee that owns the data. Licensor will also store usage patterns for optimizing further development of the Service. The storage will only be used for these purposes.
In case the implementation of this CLA is partially or completely prevented, or is hindered to a substantial degree by conditions beyond the control of the parties, the duties of the parties shall be suspended to the extent the conditions are relevant, and for such a period as the conditions continue. These conditions include, but are not restricted to, strikes and lockout and each condition that local law would consider force majeure or that is beyond the control of the parties. However, either party may terminate this CLA if the case of the force majeure makes it particularly burdensome to maintain the Agreement.
If the licensee fails to perform any of the provisions of this CLA or the EULA, the licensor can cancel the CLA with immediate effect. Non-payment to the licensor will in all cases be seen as a failure to perform the CLA and will result in immediate cancellation of the CLA (and access to the Service will not be granted). If the breach is a result of non-payment, the Service may be re-established when the licensee pays the unpaid invoice plus an additional invoice for the next period.
20. Audit
The Licensor claims the right to audit the number of Services delivered by Licensor that Licensee is utilizing. Deviations with contractual use will be invoiced (but not more than a period of two years after the deviation was discovered). The Licensor also claims the right to audit the number of scanned accounting vouchers, so that it concurs to the amount of scanned vouchers that are agreed upon. Licensor or reseller will invoice any aviation without notice. Future license fee will be adjusted accordingly to the corrected number of scanned accounting vouchers. Scanned vouchers that have not been used will not be remitted. Licensor shall have the rights to choose and change subcontractors of any scanning or interpreted data/services at any given time. In order to assure the quality of scanned data, Licensor is granted access to scanned data, where interpreted data is part of the service.
21. Term
The term of this CLA is twelve (12) months with automatic renewal for the same period of time. The term for additional users and/or additional modules (add-ons) is equal to the initial term of this CLA. The term may differ depending on reseller's terms and conditions.
22. Invoicing and termination
The invoiced period shall start the day this CLA is accepted. Invoicing terms may differ when licensee is invoiced by resellers of the Service. The following applies when licensor is the invoicing part. All invoices from licensor will be electronically distributed. Licensee accepts that licensor may draw repetitive amounts from credit cards or online payment services, when this payment form is established. Decrements of users/modules in the preliminary term will take effect from the first invoice in the succeeding term. Additional users will be invoiced from the date the purchase is accepted. The licensee will be invoiced in advance for a default period of one (1) year, alternative three (3) months against additional pricing, plus invoice fee. Transactions will be invoiced monthly if not licensor chooses to accumulate these at specific times during the year. Pricing of invoice transactions can be changed with one (1) month notice if the terms from the subcontractor changes. This may be changes such as postage rates at home and abroad. The prices are indexed per 01.01 of each year in accordance with the Norwegian consumer price index or any other index superseding the foregoing. If an indexation regulation is not made on this date, the licensor retains the right to index the amount for multiple periods at a later date. The licensor has the right to change all prices upon giving three (3) months notice. The licensor may subsequently choose to charge for any free license of the Services upon a six (6) months notice. Licensee may terminate the CLA within three months prior to the renewal of the term of this CLA. There is no refund for any prepaid period.
23. Export of data at Termination
If the CLA is terminated and the licensee wishes licensor to help export data, this will be invoiced separately. The export of data will be charged as a whole as consulting time at the prevailing hourly rate. The licensor has no obligation to store data after the pre-paid period. The licensee is responsible to export data and vouchers according to the laws in their respective countries. To avoid data export, licensee may choose to continue to pay for one license and the amount of storage.
24. In case of Bankruptcy
The access to the Service will only be open for the pre-paid period. To gain access to the Service after the pre-paid period, a trustee in bankruptcy may purchase such access accordingly to fixed prices. Licensor has not any legal commitments to store data for a longer period of time than this CLA requires.
25. Disputes and governing law
Any conflicts shall be subject to the courts of Oslo, Norway, and the CLA is governed by Norwegian law
Edited: October 07, 2022
Annual review, language updates.
Updated the CLA with a link to Twitter for operation status. Updated payment information accordingly to updated invoicing alternatives.
Edited: May 08, 2018
Changed section about Privacy and linked to the new updated Privacy Policy, and separated the Data Processor Agreement (DPA) from the CLA to a separate agreement. The acceptance of the CLA still requires that you have accepted the Data Processor Agreement (DPA) and the Privacy Policy.
Added chat as a support channel and updated twitter channel for information about operationstatus. Added section about artificial intelligence that is a new service for (at this time) selected customers. Removed section about InStore trade conditions. The use of InStore has changed over the years and the section was not relevant for today's use. Added clarification about the terms of invoicing and support may differ from different resellers of the Service. Minor language clarifications, and changed the expression "version" to "license".
Edited: August 03, 2016
Moved sentence about invoicing to proper paragraph. Definition of Force Majoure is changed from Norwegian to local law. Since 24SevenOffice no longer has any setup price for licenses, paragraph 3 has been updated. Clarification about access for law-binding supervision.
Edited: April 25, 2016
Clarification in text about distributed invoices.
Edited: February 24, 2016
Clarification of definitions of reseller, licensor, entering into force and formulations in general.
Modified System requirement that wrongly demands Internet Explorer for the use of 24SevenOffice.
Edited: November 4, 2015
Clarification in the section about privacy
Introducing 24SevenOffice NettLønn and 24SevenOffice Mobile as part of the Service
Regnskap med AI
Bedriftstyper
Store bedrifter
Regnskapsfører
Om 24SevenOffice
iTunes iPhone
Kontakt oss +47 247 00 000


text:
On March 14, 2018, Downingtown East High School participated in a nationwide walkout, one month after the tragic shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, in Parkland, Florida. Organized by Olivia Hunt (12) and Matt Pyle (12), students were dismissed and had return by 10:27 AM to classes. The walkout began with a 17 second moment of silence for the 17 victims, then 17 student leaders, ranging from freshman to seniors, spoke on the behalf of the 17 victims. "It has definitely been eye opening to learn about each of the victims and helped me realize that their deaths should have purpose, which is how the new safety committee was created," said Bhanva Nagoti (12), who spoke on behalf of Luke Hoyer, a fifteen year old who had a contagious smile and passion for basketball, who died during the Stoneman Douglas shooting.
Planning the walkout began about a week after the Parkland shooting. Olivia said, "As we planned and word spread, more and more students approached me asking to be involved. I thought what better way for them to help than to be representatives of our message and show a physical representation of the 17 victims from Parkland. This illustrates how universal these shootings are, that they can and have happened to students just like us."
Matt and Olivia gave speeches during the walkout, with Matt talking about tighter security at DEHS and Olivia speaking about student empowerment and spreading more kindness around East. Olivia said, "I think it's really important to look at this issue from a non-political standpoint. Whether or not you believe in pushing anti-gun legislation as a response, it isn't something that we have direct control over within the school. However, we do have direct control over our security procedures and the atmosphere between students, which is something I hope students of any and every political inclination will stand behind. My involvement with this process was mostly motivated by the desire to present that message to students. Matt Pyle, a senior class co-president, has also been helping me along the way. His focus has been geared toward tightening security, while mine has been toward kindness and decreasing student isolation."
Matt and Zach Oris (12), co-senior class presidents, spoke at the walkout about how the senior class class gift will be tighter security. Matt said, "What Zach and I are doing this year is basically lobbying on the school board through Principal Hurley. Zach and I both saw gaps in East's safety system and thought the contribution of more security measures would be a productive legacy to leave at our school (Bullying hotline, door barricades, etc.). Those things will be our senior gift. To some it may seem like a boring thing to leave behind, but I get it. It is difficult to appreciate something that doesn't necessarily bring you pleasure. But the truth is, students at East will be much safer in the future because mental health and gun threats are both getting addressed by our contributions. East will be a very secure and tightly-knit school as a result of Zach and I's additions. Classrooms will be the safe havens they are supposed to be and students can worry less at East about the isolation of other students because the anonymous bullying hotline should prompt students to speak up if they see suspicious signs."
Wearing orange, like the rest of the student body, Matt also said, "I got a lot of positive reactions about the walkout from my friends and I think the student body as a whole respected the event. It looked to me like there was 700+ students that came out, maybe even a lot more. It was a really cold day so I appreciate all those kids for listening for that long."
Not only did East participate in the walkout, but students sent love and support down to Stoneman Douglas after the terrible incident. Student Council sent down a banner that said "DEHS stands with MSD" and had the student body sign it with love and positivity. Key Club wrote letters of support to the students, staff and community of Stoneman Douglas.
It is the hope of the student protest that the #neveragain mantra will last a lasting effect.


You can often register your music with us and remain registered with your usual collecting society. For example, US right holders can be members of ASCAP, BMI and SESAC and be registered with Soundreef at the same time. You can also choose to manage your royalties by using different collecting societies in different territories, so you could choose Soundreef to represent you only in certain territories.
In 2008, the European Commission confirmed that European right holders (that is, publishers and writers) have the right to split their music rights across different collecting societies and territories. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union encourage publishers and writers to make use of this right in their latest proposal for a directive on collective management of copyright and related rights, and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online uses in the internal market (see https://netzpolitik.org/wp-upload/EU-RL-VerwG-131126.pdf).
In theory, this means that European artists should be able to limit their agreement with your national collecting society so that someone else can manage a certain type of licensing for them (for example, licensing your music to be used as background music for stores) within a certain territory (for example, Europe).
Unfortunately, this can be awkward in practice. Every European collecting society requires their members to follow a different procedure to limit the way their music is licensed. To find out what your local collecting society requires, email them and ask how to revoke the assignment of background music rights so that you can handle them yourself. We can carry out this procedure on your behalf if your local collecting society is in Spain, USA, Italy or UK.
We'd love to hear about the response you get from local collecting societies in other countries, as we might be able to help you if you encounter a problem or your local collecting society refuses to provide you with appropriate information.
For more detail on the law and how it works in practice, see our blog post on this subject.


Any person who works directly with children or vulnerable adults should undergo a criminal record check.
Curling volunteers in BC can complete a Criminal Record Check free of charge through the provincial government's Criminal Records Review Program (CRRP).
This program makes it easy for volunteers to then share the results of their checks with other registered organizations through the CRRP online services, reducing the need for multiple checks.
An access code on Curl BC's website gives volunteers from Curl BC member facilities access to the service. Visit http://www.curlbc.ca/member-resources/criminal-record-checks/ for more information.
The question from curling facilities is often: who should get a criminal record check done?
Curl BC encourages curling facilities to consider this question and put into place a volunteer screening policy at their facility which governs when a check should be completed, who has access to the results, how the results will be stored securely, and how often a check will be repeated for long service volunteers.
Any person who works directly with children or vulnerable adults should undergo a criminal record check. Vulnerable persons are defined as individuals who, because of their age, a disability or other circumstances, whether temporary or permanent are (a) in a position of dependence on others or (b) are otherwise at a greater risk than the general population of being harmed by a person in a position of authority or trust relative to them, as defined by the Criminal Records Act.
Individuals having a criminal record check completed through the CRRP must be at least 12 years of age. They must be able to have their identity verified through Electronic Identity Verification process (outlined online). If an individual cannot be verified electronically there is a manual paper process but it is slower.
A Criminal Record Checks is just one part of the volunteer screening process. Ensure that volunteers are matched to a position that meets their needs while also supporting the organizational goals and objectives, and minimizing the risks and liability to your facility.