Linear static stress analysis of a part is a core element of the design process. This course will teach you how to set up and run a linear static stress analysis of a part. Software required: SOLIDWORKS 2016.
To complete a linear static analysis of a part in SOLIDWORKS Simulation, many steps need to be followed. In this course, SOLIDWORKS Simulation - Linear Static Part Analysis, you will be guided through each of these steps to ensure accuracy from start to finish. First, you'll see the basics of Finite Element Analysis. Then, you will learn the standard options and settings within Simulation. From there, you will complete the setup of materials, fixtures, loads, and mesh. After you run the analysis, you will interpret the results and finally refine the mesh and reach convergence. After completing this course, setting up and running a linear static stress analysis on a part will be much easier and you'll be prepared to do it on your own in the future. Software required: SOLIDWORKS 2016.
Corey Bower is Simulation Manager at GoEngineer, which delivers software, technology, and expertise that enable companies to unlock design innovation and deliver better products faster. A mechanical engineer by training, he has been using SOLIDWORKS for over 10 years.
Hello. My name is Corey Bower. Welcome to my course SOLIDWORKS Simulation - Linear Static Part Analysis. I am an elite application engineer at GoEngineer who is a SOLIDWORKS reseller that sells to and supports customers on the west coast, south central United States, and the Rocky Mountain area. As an application engineer, I teach, support, and demonstrate SOLIDWORKS, SOLIDWORKS simulation, and many other SOLIDWORKS add-ons. In this course, we will complete all of the steps necessary for a linear static part analysis. Major topics we will learn are the setup, which includes materials, fixtures, loads, and mesh. We will look at results, which includes plots, plot tools, measured results, and output options. We will look at mesh refinement and convergence, which includes global mesh refinement, local mesh refinement, and stress singularities. By the end of this course, you will be able to set up and run linear static part analysis. Before beginning this course, you should be comfortable with the SOLIDWORKS interface and FEA basics. I hope you will join me on this journey with SOLIDWORKS Simulation - Linear Static Part Analysis at Pluralsight.
Hello. This is Corey Bower, and welcome to the SOLIDWORKS Simulation course on Linear Static Part Analysis. In this course, we will learn how to set up a linear static stress analysis for parts. Let's look at some of the topics we will cover. Finite Element Analysis or FEA basics. This is a method to analyze CAD models for displacements, stress, temperature, vibrations, and many other results. We will look at study setup starting with materials, then restraints, then loads, and then the meshing. After that, we will look at the results. We have many different plots available and we'll look at the options on all of those. Last thing we will look at is mesh refinement and convergence. We'll look at the options on how we can refine the mesh in the study and to determine whether the model has converged or not. When we are done with this course, you will have the tools to run a linear static stress analysis on a single part. In this first module, we will look at the FEA basics, CAD to mesh to analyze. We will also look at the simulation options for the studies. We will look at the materials in the library and creating custom materials. We will then look at the fixtures for the model. We'll then look at the loads we can apply to the model. And then we will mesh the model. This course is taught using SOLIDWORKS Simulation 2016, which has had new features added in. If you're using an older version of SOLIDWORKS Simulation, you may not have everything shown in this course.
In this module, we are going to look at the results of a linear static stress analysis for parts and all of the result options. We're going to look at the common plot types that we can choose from and create. We're going to look at the plot options for each of these plots. We're going to look at probing specific areas in the structure for results. We're going to look at some of the common additional plots that we will create. We can look at the result options. And we'll look at some different ways of saving results out.
This module will cover Mesh Refinement and Convergence. We are going to look at global mesh refinement and convergence of stress. We're going to look at local mesh refinement and convergence. And then we're going to look at stress singularities, which cause artificially high stress regions.


text:
Report: Union wanted mediators at players-owners meeting
By Ryan DadounDec 2, 2012, 9:38 PM EST
The NHLPA was interested in including the federal mediators that previously met with both sides in the upcoming players-owners meeting scheduled for Tuesday, according to TSN's Aaron Ward's source.
The NHL reportedly rejected that request, but the meeting will still proceed.
NHLPA executive director Donald Fehr expressed hope that the session will be "constructive" and he was encouraged by the inclusion of owners who had not been in any of the previous CBA talks.
NHL deputy commissioner Bill Daly announced that owners Ron Burkle of the Pittsburgh Penguins, Jeremy Jacobs of the Boston Bruins, Mark Chipman of the the Winnipeg Jets, Larry Tanenbaum of the Toronto Maple Leafs, Murray Edwards of the Calgary Flames, and Jeffrey Vinik of the Tampa Bay Lightning are expected to be in attendance.
It is not yet known who the players will pick to attend the talks.
The federal mediators in question recently met with the NHL and union for two days before ending the talks.
Daly said that the mediators concluded "that the parties remained far apart, and that no progress toward a resolution could be made through further mediation at this point in time."
Players-owners meeting will happen Tuesday

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Optional Redemption Second Notification Date - 29 June 2016
Further to the announcement on 31 May 2016, Glitnir announce that the amount will be increased by EUR 3.739.000. The increased amount derive from realizations of the following assets:
Loans to customers: EUR 60,000, USD 2,200,000, NOK 8,083,000
Other assets: EUR 527,000, DKK 2,600,000
The amount of the Notes reduced by EUR 1,890,374, from EUR 899,139,177 to EUR 897,248,803 with reference to the Supreme Court Ruling announced on Glitnir website on 31 May 2016.
The final amount which will be used to redeem the Notes, by payment in cash, is EUR 26,930,784. The aggregate principal amount of the Notes will be EUR 870,318,019 immediately following the payment on 29 June 2016. In addition to the EUR amount of 9,198,999 the following amounts were converted into EUR on the Currency Conversion Date on 24 June 2016:
USD 11,098,184
GBP 3,315,983
NOK 30,117,994
DKK 2,600,000
The amount for distribution from the conversion on the Currency Conversion Date is EUR 17,731,762.
The amounts converted into EUR on the Currency Conversion Date, and forms part of the Euro Equivalent Redemption Funds, derive from realisations of the following assets:
Loans to customers:
EUR 2,936,000, USD 4,600,000 and NOK 19,319,000
USD 3.297.000 and GBP 1.287.000
EUR 2,396,000, GBP 1,071,000 and DKK 2,600,000
Restricted cash:
EUR 3,719,999, USD 3,201,184, GBP 957,983 and NOK 10,798,661
Other sources is reduced hold back of assets support fund and operating expenses reserve.
Reykjavik, 27 June 2016
On behalf of Glitnir HoldCo ehf.
Ingólfur Hauksson, Chief Executive Officer
Form to defer payments
Since few of Glitnir's Noteholders are incurring banking cost for each payment under the Notes, which is higher than the actual payment, the Board of Glitnir has agreed to allow noteholders the option of deferring receipt of payments under the Notes. Payments to those noteholders will instead be paid to a Cash Custody Account until Glitnir is instructed to do otherwise.
Noteholders can at any time request to receive the accumulated cash held in the Cash Custody Account. Glitnir will at the latest make payments from these Cash Custody Accounts shortly after the conversion of the Notes and Shares has taken place, in accordance with condition 7 of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes.
Noteholders wishing to defer payments can do so by filling out the form accessible below and return it to Glitnir. The form must be received a week before the scheduled payment day, the next being scheduled for 29 June 2016, in order for Glitnir to be able to accommodate the request.
Optional Cash Redemption Notice for 29 June 2016 (increased amount)
Glitnir Holdco ehf. (the "Issuer")
EUR 1,585,774,666 Amortising Zero-Coupon (Remaining balance EUR 899,139,177)
Convertible Notes due 2030 (the "Notes")
Optional Cash Redemption Notice
This notice is made to holders of the Notes (hereafter, the "Noteholders") pursuant to Condition 6.3 of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the "Conditions") and is published in accordance with Article 21 of the Conditions.
Capitalised terms used but not defined in this notice shall have the meanings given to them in the Conditions.
The Issuer hereby notifies the Noteholders that it will effect an optional redemption by redeeming the Notes (in part) in cash on 29 June 2016. The Issuer is providing the following information pursuant to Condition 6.3(B) of the Conditions in connection with such redemption:
i. Ruling from the Supreme Court of Iceland: On 31 May 2016 the Supreme Court of Iceland ruled in the dispute between Lánasjóður sveitarfélaga ohf. and Glitnir. The dispute concerned a claim submitted in the winding-up proceedings of Glitnir on behalf of Lánasjóður sveitarfélaga ohf. The Court ruled in favor of Glitnir and confirmed Glitnir's recognision of the claim. All the cash set aside in relation to the dispute will now be distributed to Glitnir's noteholders. The cash paid into special cash account at composition in December 2015 was EUR 2,276,398, GPB 957,983, USD 3,201,184 and NOK 10,798,661. In addition to the composition payment two payments have been made into the account in relation to payments under the Note, for the total amount of EUR 1,443,601.
ii. The Euro Equivalent Redemption Funds to be distributed in relation to the Supreme Court ruling is EUR 9,008,000.
With reference to announcement on Glitnir website on 27 May 2016 the total estimated amount to be paid on 29 June 2016 will therefore increase from EUR 14,500,000 to EUR 23,508,000.
The Issuer will provide a further notification on 27 June 2016 (which is the Optional Cash Redemption Second Notification Date). This will confirm the final amount of Euro Equivalent Available Optional Redemption Funds which will be used to redeem the Notes in cash, the aggregate principal amount of the Notes that will be outstanding immediately following the Optional Redemption Date of 27 June 2016 and the other information required under Condition 6.3(C).
Reykjavík, 31 May 2016
Consolidated Interim Financial Statements Q1 2016
The Board of Glitnir HoldCo ehf. hereby presents the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements for 1 January to 31 March 2016, prepared in accordance with IFRS, in addition to a Covering Report.
Financial Statements Q1 2016
A conference call will take place at 14:00 BST (London time) on Tuesday 31 May 2016, where the CEO and the Chairman will present the Q1 Financial Statements. For those wishing to participate in the call, please register in advance by clicking this link.
Temporary halt of transfers from 14 June 2016 to 29 June 2016
Due to the Optional Redemption Date on 29 June 2016 Noteholders are hereby informed that they may not require transfers from 14 June 2016 until, and including, 29 June 2016. This halt of transfers is necessary for the Company to be able to make payments to registered Noteholders on the Optional Redemption Date. This halt of transfers is in accordance with Condition 4.1 (b) of the terms and conditions of the Amortising Zero-Coupon Convertible Notes of Glitnir HoldCo ehf. (the "Conditions").
Further information about the Optional Redemption can be found here.
The Board of Glitnir Holdco ehf. hereby announces that the Q1 2016 Financial Statements will be published on Glitnir's website at 16:00 GMT on Monday 30 May 2016.
Furthermore, a conference call, where the CEO and the Chairman will present the Q1 Financial Statements, will be held at 14:00 BST (London time) on Tuesday 31 May 2016. For those wishing to participate in the call, please register in advance by clicking this link.
This notice is made to holders of the Notes (hereafter, the "Noteholders") pursuant to Condition 6.3 of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the "Conditions") and is published in accordance with Condition 21.
The Issuer hereby notifies the Noteholders that it will effect an optional redemption by redeeming the Notes (in part) in cash on 29 June 2016. The Issuer is providing the following information pursuant to Condition 6.3(B) in connection with such redemption:
(i) The Currency Conversion Date is 23 June 2016.
(ii) The estimated Euro Equivalent Redemption Funds to be distributed is EUR 14,500,000
The breakdown by currency of the amounts included in the calculation of such estimate are as follows:
EUR 4,892,000,
USD 5,697,000,
GBP 2,358,000 and
NOK 11,236,000 and
(iii) The Euro Equivalent Redemption Funds will derive from realizations of the following assets:
Loans to customers: EUR 2,876,000, USD 2,400,000 and NOK 11,236,000 of the EERF Equity: EUR 147,000, USD 3,297,000 and GBP 1,287,000 of the EERF
Other assets: EUR 1,869,000 and GBP 1,071,000 of the EERF
The Issuer will provide a further notification on 27 June 2016 (which will be the Optional Cash Redemption Second Notification Date). This will confirm the final amount of Euro Equivalent Available Optional Redemption Funds which will be used to redeem the Notes in cash, the aggregate principal amount of the Notes that will be outstanding immediately following the Optional Redemption Date of 29 June 2016 and the other information required under Condition 6.3(C).
Optional Redemption - Remaining balance
EUR 1,585,774,666 (Remaining balance EUR 899,139,177)
Amortising Zero-Coupon
This notice is made to holders of the Notes (hereafter, the "Noteholders") by way of information and is published in accordance with Condition 21 of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the "Conditions").
The Issuer effected an optional redemption of the Notes in part on 12 April 2016 in accordance with Condition 6.3(A)(ii). The aggregate principal amount of each Noteholder's interest in the Notes was reduced accordingly as a result of such redemption. Noteholders who wish to confirm the principal amount outstanding in respect of their holding of Notes can do so through the secured website.
Reykjavík, 13 April 2016
Optional Redemption Second Notification Date
Further to the announcement on 16 March 2016, Glitnir confirms that the final amount which will be used to redeem the Notes, by payment in cash, is EUR 36,309,845. The aggregate principal amount of the Notes will be EUR 899,139,177 immediately following the payment on 12 April 2016.
In addition to the EUR amount of 20,200,000 the following amounts were converted into EUR on the Currency Conversion Date on 6 April 2016:
DKK 15,000,000
SEK 1,472,000
The amounts converted into EUR on the Currency Conversion Date, and forms part of the Euro Equivalent Redemption Funds, derive from realisations of the following assets (received on Q3 2015, Q4 2015 and January 2016):
EUR 16,520,000 and NOK 26,500,000
GBP 947,000
Reykjavik, 8 April 2016
Temporary halt of transfers from 28 March 2016 to 12 April 2016
Due to the Optional Redemption Date on 12 April 2016 Noteholders are hereby informed that they may not require transfers from 28 March 2016 until, and including, 12 April 2016. This halt of transfers is necessary for the Company to be able to make payments to registered Noteholders on the Optional Redemption Date. This halt of transfers is in accordance with Condition 4.1 (b) of the terms and conditions of the Amortising Zero-Coupon Convertible Notes of Glitnir HoldCo ehf. (the "Conditions").
Tilkynningar á íslensku
Annual General Meeting, 11 March
Ruling by the District Court of Reykjavik in Mainsee case
Annual General Meeting, 25 February 2020
Annual General Meeting, 26 April 2017 at 2pm
ir@glitnir.info
Glitnir HoldCo ehf - Langholtsvegur 111 - 104 Reykjavik - Iceland


If we were having coffee (or tea, whichever), I would probably talk to you about Whole30. Don't worry. I'm not going to become a food blogger or a healthy eating blog or a weight loss blog. Sure, it would be good for me to lose a few pounds, but that's not why I'm doing it.
In the last year, our life has been a bit chaotic. Moving, remodeling, working, school, etc. I've never been an avid cook. I have a strong preference for 5 ingredients or less, 30 minutes to the table meals. Over the last year or two, actually cooking regular meals became more of an occasional event than a daily event. For the last 4 months, I didn't actually have a kitchen, so we relied a lot on convenience foods and eating out.
As we were getting ready to move in to our new kitchen, Mike suggested that we do some kind of cleanse or eating plan to help us get back in the habit of preparing foods and making healthier dietary choices. After a little bit of research and discussion on what we felt we could tolerate, we decided on Whole30.
Let me tell you, going from no cooking to three full meals every day is an adjustment. But, now at the end of Day 7, I think we're getting the hang of it.
And we even said no to the peppermint hot fudge ice cream cake at our son's birthday dinner today.


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A few weeks ago my daughter had a presentation at her science class about our solar system. We made together a small Power Point presentation but I also wanted something for her that is not digital. So I made a felt solar system.
This is the coolest mini ever!!! Love it!
Wow - that's beautiful and a lot of work! Thanks for sharing on the Pleasures of the NW's DIY party!
What a fabulous project to work on with your daughter Emese. Thank you for sharing at 'Create, Bake, Grow & Gather' this week.
This is a great project for the space lover. You did an excellent job. Thanks for sharing on Sunday's Best linkup.
This is so cool! I agree that it's important to have something that isn't digital.
This is neat! Great job and thanks for sharing on the Clever Chicks blog hop. :) Maybe my 4 year old and I can make something like this when she gets a little older.
How wonderful! Great idea. Thanks for sharing at Home Sweet Home!
I will feature this tomorrow at Home Sweet Home! You did such a nice job on it.
All those details (the rocky beads on Saturn) are so cute. Love this!
I love all the details on this wonderful piece!


Okay, this post isn't really going to be about the history of oxers. It's actually going to be about my history with jumping oxers – just like I said in my post yesterday. But, since all of you history-buffs out there probably only clicked onto this blog to read about the history of the oxer, I will give you a brief overview.
Oxen are big, strong animals, and they need to have big, strong, double fences in between their paddocks to keep them from breaking through. Since an oxer is a "double jump," whoever had the job of naming the jumps decided to name it after those ox-fences. (Was that brief enough?) And if any of you history-buffs out there have any more information about that, feel free to leave it in a comment at the bottom of this post!
So, like I said, this is a story about the first time I jumped over an oxer. I was already 4 years old and living at my second barn in New York. (That's the barn where my friend Cooper lived; remind me to tell you the story of how I actually got to that barn! It's another good one!) My Mommy had a job teaching lessons at another stable nearby, and at that stable she made a friend. Her friend also taught lessons, and he wanted to meet me. So he came to my new barn one day to watch me work, and because he saw how amazing I was, he really wanted to have a small role in my training. When my Mommy told him that we were going to jump an oxer for the first time, he decided to set up a one-stride line – a small vertical and then one stride to the oxer – to help me figure out where to take off from. You see, when you jump an oxer, the take-off point is a little different than when you jump a vertical, because the oxer is wider than a normal jump. Anyway, this friend of my Mommy's was really excited by how awesome I was, so he kept raising the oxer a little at a time… and, as it turned out, the first time I jumped an oxer was also the first time I ever jumped 3 feet high!
The first 3-foot-tall oxer I ever jumped!
Now, you know my Mommy and her rules, right? So you can guess that she was a little worried about me jumping so high when I was only 4 years old, because I wasn't completely full grown yet. Well, she gave me a tingly liniment bath afterward and – of course – wrapped my legs in pillow wraps, too. She was worried that I might be a little sore… but I wasn't! Jumping that oxer was nothing to me!
We kept up with our schedule of only jumping once every couple weeks, and a couple months later, my Mommy decided that it would be okay for me to jump another 3-foot-tall oxer. But she wanted to make it a little more interesting, so she laid a tarp underneath it… and spread the oxer out until it was 4 feet wide! That oxer was actually a triple-oxer, with three jumps put together instead of two. It was so much fun, a "piece of cake!" But it was a huge accomplishment for me at that age.
A 3-foot-tall oxer with a 4-foot-wide spread!
…and the spreads just keep getting wider!
One day, when I'm a Grand Prix jumper, I'll be jumping oxers that are 5 feet and 3 inches high with a 6 and a half foot spread! My Mommy said that I'm not quite ready for that yet… but she's totally wrong, I know I could do it. I mean, I can do anything. Everybody knows that! After all, I am The Flight of Icarus, and I can fly as close to the sun as I want!
Well, I had a relaxing day off today. I grazed with my best friend, Leo, and we ran around a little in the paddock. I even had a chance to take a nap, although the sun didn't come out at all today and it was pretty cold. I like napping in the sun much more than I like napping in the cold!
Taking a nap while Leo keeps watch.
Anyway, I have some big dreams to dream tonight, so I'd better get to it. I'll be dreaming about those 5'3″ Grand Prix oxers… What will you be dreaming about tonight? Whatever it is, I hope it comes true!


They are not officially open yet, just offering the neighborhood some free samples of their pastry; there remains a signature from the city to obtain before they can serve other food, or drink. But it's expected today, and tomorrow should be their first official day open.
The menu looks delightful; fresh, open-faced sandwiches, salads (the Caesar with chicken, which they were sampling, looked fabulous — it's been years since we had a decent salad in the neighborhood), their spectacular pastry, good coffee, and an excellent selection of beer and French wine.
I am going to eat there every day for a month.
I don't see a photo of the exterior that you mention in your chowhound post.
Michael, Thanks for the updates and menus. We live about a block away on Fillmore and I, for one, am irrationally excited for the cafe to open!
Have you ever had the canelle pastries at other Rigo-owned venues? They are the most delicious treat ever.
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Inspired recently by Paignton Zoo who built a greenhouse recycled entirely from plastic drinks bottles. This is a great use of one of our most wasteful single use products, helping to avoid the problem in landfill. Imagine the water and energy gone into the production of plastic bottles, and then once its empty, discarded! it's a terrible waste.
We have asked our lovely customers to bring in their bottles for the last few months and have several hundred now awaiting construction!


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The inherent structure found in documents -- paragraphs, sentences, and tokens -- and their inter-dependence is vital to document-level sentiment, as rhetorical devices and anaphora relationships disperse the sentiment signal across the various sub-components \cite{yang-cardie-2014-context}. This also means that not all sub-components contribute equally towards identifying the overall polarity of a document \cite{yu-hatzivassiloglou-2003-towards,pang-lee-2004-sentimental} and models that are able to take these relationships into account should theoretically perform better.

Recently, two divergent research directions have shown promise for document-classification: on the one hand, \emph{transfer learning} \cite{peters-etal-2018-deep,howard-ruder-2018-universal,devlin-etal-2019-bert} and on the other hand \emph{hierarchical modeling} \cite{Xia:Cho:16,Con:Sch:Bar:17,yang-etal-2016-hierarchical}. Transfer learning (in its current form) attempts to take advantage of large amounts of unlabeled text in order to improve contextualized representations of tokens, while ignoring the structure of documents. Hierarchical models, on the other hand, attempt to take document structure into account by first building up representations for sentences and then aggregating them to create document representations.

While the two approaches are complementary in the sense that one could use pretrained LMs for transfer-learning also for hierarchical models, we here focus on isolating their relative strengths and weaknesses. In this paper we empirically show that methods which explicitly incorporate the structure of documents outperform those that do not and further examine the influence of data characteristics such as document length and size of training data on the choice of architecture.
Finally, we release the code to reproduce the results from our study. \footnote{\url{https://github.com/jerbarnes/hier_vs_transfer}}

\section{Background and related work}
\label{sec:background}

Document-level sentiment classification is a fundamental task in natural language processing and has a long tradition. Although there are document representation approaches which are more linguistically motivated, such as Rhetorical Structure Theory \cite{RST}, or centering \cite{grosz-sidner-1986-attention,grosz-etal-1995-centering}
these are not currently competitive with state-of-the-art approaches. In this section, we will review two current paradigms towards improving document-level classification: \emph{hierarchical models} and \emph{transfer learning}.

\paragraph{Hierarchical models}

Hierarchical approaches to document classification aim to model the relationship between sub-components in a document by encoding first tokens, then sentences, and aggregating their representations in some way to create a full document representation which can be used for classification. The first work on hierarchical models for text classification was based on \textsc{Cnns}\xspace, either by stacking \textsc{Cnn}\xspace layers \cite{Zha:Zha:LeC:15,Con:Sch:Bar:17} or by using a single \textsc{Rnn}\xspace to aggregate the output of the convolutional layers \cite{Xia:Cho:16}. The performance of these models depends largely on the characteristics of the data, e.g., number of classes or dataset size, as these authors have conflicting findings on how many layers are optimal. Hierarchical models can also be based solely on \textsc{Rnns}\xspace. \citet{yang-etal-2016-hierarchical} propose a hierarchical model that uses an attention mechanism \cite{Bahdanau2015} over both sentence- and document-level GRU-based sequence encoders
in order to attend to the most salient information, given the task. This model has shown promise for sentiment analysis and topic classification \cite{yang-etal-2016-hierarchical}, as well as classification of social media texts for e-health \cite{ive-etal-2018-hierarchical}.

\paragraph{Transfer learning}

Transfer learning approaches, on the other hand, attempt to improve contextualized word representations, specifically by pretraining with a language modelling objective \cite{peters-etal-2018-deep, devlin-etal-2019-bert,Chang2019,wang-etal-2019-tell}. \citet{howard-ruder-2018-universal} pretrain a state-of-the-art LM \cite{merity2018regularizing} and introduce a number of improvements to the fine-tuning procedures. They demonstrate that this approach is able to make better use of later supervision. These approaches have shown promise for several document classification tasks, thanks largely to the availability of unannotated text and the size of the models used. However, to the best of our knowledge, these models have not been tested extensively on large documents.

\section{Data}

We perform experiments on document-level sentiment datasets in five languages: English, French, German, Japanese, and Norwegian. For the first four, we use the Amazon Customer Reviews datasets, a 5-class sentiment dataset with labels $L \in \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ stars.\footnote{\url{https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/readme.html}} Although the full corpora are much larger, due to preprocessing requirements and in the interest of having similar sized data for all languages, we create a subcorpus $D$ by sampling 50,000 documents for each language without regarding domain, finally splitting these into test/dev/train splits of 35,000/5,000/10,000 documents. Each document is sentence split and tokenized using UDPipe \cite{udpipe:2017} and stored in CoNLL-U format. For Norwegian, we use the NoReC corpus 2.0, which is a 6-class task with labels $L \in \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$ ratings. It differs from version 1.0 \cite{Vel:Ovr:Ber:18} in that it has more training examples. Table~\ref{table:data} shows the statistics for each dataset.

\begin{table}[]
    \centering
    \resizebox{.47\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tabular}{@{}lrcrrrr@{}}
    \toprule
    & $|D|$ & $|L|$ & T. & S. & T. / S. & $|V|$\\

    \midrule
    Fr &  50k & 5 & 81 & 6.3 & 12.9 & 100k\\
    De &  50k & 5 & 77  & 3.9 & 20.1 & 156k \\
    En & 50k & 5 & 114  & 8.0 & 14.3 & 109k\\
    Ja & 50k & 5 & 365 & 13.2 & 27.7 & 251k\\
    No & 43k & 6 & 463 & 27.8 & 16.7 & 564k \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    }
    \caption{Statistics ($|D|$ = number of documents, $|L|$ = number of labels, T. = average number of tokens per document, S. = average number of sentences per document, T./S. = average sentence length in tokens, $|V|$ = vocabulary size) for sentiment datasets.}
    \label{table:data}
\end{table}

\section{Experimental Setup}

The main research questions we seek to address in this section are: for document-level sentiment classification, are there systematic performance differences between flat, hierarchical, and LM-pretrained models, and do any of these approaches offer consistent improvements? Further, we investigate how performance is affected by several relevant data characteristics. Besides testing on the original data, we also test on documents where the order of the sentences is shuffled (\emph{shuffled}), to determine sensitivity to sentence order.

\subsection{Models}
We start by briefly summarizing the architectures. For all flat and hierarchical models, we use 200-dimensional randomly initialized embeddings that are updated during training, implemented in AllenNLP \cite{Gardner2017AllenNLP}. The flat and hierarchical models use randomly initialized word (sentence) embeddings that are updated during training. Unless stated otherwise, all models are trained for 50 epochs with a patience of 5 with Adam, and the best model is chosen using accuracy on the dev set.

\paragraph{\textsc{Bow}\xspace: } We train a linear SVM implemented in sklearn \cite{scikit-learn} on bag-of-words vectors learned from the train set and tune the $C$ parameter on the development set.

\paragraph{\textsc{Cnn}\xspace: } \textsc{Cnns}\xspace are known to be strong baselines for document-level classification \cite{kim-2014-convolutional}. We implement a \textsc{Cnn}\xspace with filter sizes $F \in \{2,3,4,5\}$, with 50 filters per size and max pooling before a fully connected layer with a hidden size of 50.

\paragraph{\textsc{An}\xspace: } We use bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units \cite[GRU]{cho-etal-2014-learning} with dot product attention as a document encoder and a hidden size of 50.

\paragraph{Hierarchical \textsc{Cnn}\xspace (\textsc{Hcnn}\xspace):}
The Hierarchical \textsc{Cnn}\xspace uses filters $F_{sent} \in \{2,3,4,5\}$ and $F_{doc} \in \{2,3\}$, with 50 filters per size and max pooling before a fully connected layer to create sentence and document-level representations respectively. The output size for both layers is 50 dimensions.

\paragraph{Hierarchical Attention Network (\textsc{Han}\xspace):}

Hierarchical Attention Networks \cite{yang-etal-2016-hierarchical} have shown promise for document-level tasks. We use Gated Recurrent Units \cite[GRUs]{cho-etal-2014-learning} as our encoders, with dot product attention.

\paragraph{Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning (\ulmfit): } We use the AWD-LSTM architecture \cite{merity2018regularizing} and pretrain on Wikipedia data (or Common Crawl in the case of Norwegian) taken from the CONLL 2017 shared task \cite{conll-2017-conll}. The data was sentence and word tokenized using UDPipe \cite{udpipe:2017} and we perform no further preprocessing steps.
We use between 14 and 18.7 million tokens (for No and Ja respectively) to pretrain the language model and choose the best model after pretraining for 100 epochs as determined by perplexity on the development set.

We then fine-tune the language models on the target domain, using slanted triangular learning rate schedule and finally fine-tune the models to the sentiment task using discriminative training proposed in \newcite{howard-ruder-2018-universal}. All experiments were performed using fastai \cite{howard2018fastai}.

\paragraph{Multilingual BERT (\textsc{mBert}\xspace): } The multi-lingual BERT model is a transformer model \cite{Vaswani2017} which has been pretrained on masked-language and next sentence prediction tasks \cite{devlin-etal-2019-bert}. We use the cased model which was trained on Wikipedia dumps from 104 languages. We use the \textsc{[CLS]} token for prediction and finetune the model for 20 epochs, and test the model with the best performance on the dev set.

\begin{table}[]
    \centering

    \newcommand{\red}[1]{\textcolor{red}{#1}}
    \newcommand{\blue}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}
    \resizebox{.47\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tabular}{@{}llrrrrrr@{}}
    \toprule
     & & En & No & Fr & De & Ja & Avg.\\
    \midrule
    \multirow{5}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Flat}} &
    \textsc{Bow}\xspace & 71.1 & 55.6 & 63.3 & 73.2 & 60.6 & 64.2 \\
    &\textsc{Cnn}\xspace & 68.1 & 52.8 & 63.4 & 72.4 & 61.1 & 63.6 \\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled}  & \red{6.0} & \red{6.1} & \red{9.3} & \red{11.8} & \red{8.2} & \red{8.3}\\

    &\textsc{An}\xspace & 71.9 & 58.1 & 63.9 & 74.3 & 62.1 & 66.1\\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled} & \red{0.1} & \red{1.8} & \blue{0.1} & 0.0 & \red{0.6} & \red{0.5}\\

    \midrule
    \multirow{4}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Hier.}} &
    \textsc{Hcnn}\xspace & 68.3 & 55.7 & 61.9 & 71.2 & 61.0 & 63.6\\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled}  & \blue{0.3} & \red{0.1} & \red{0.2} & \blue{0.1} & \red{0.2} & 0.0 \\

    &\textsc{Han}\xspace & 72.1 & \textbf{61.4}$^{\dagger}$  & 63.2 & 73.2 & 61.9 & \textbf{66.4}\\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled}  & \red{0.6} & \red{1.9} & \red{0.4} & 0.0 & \red{0.3} & \red{0.7} \\

    \midrule
    \multirow{4}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Transfer}} &
    \ulmfit & 69.4 & 55.7 & 60.8 & 69.3 & \textbf{63.7}$^{\dagger}$ & 63.8\\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled}  & \blue{0.1} & \red{15.8} & \red{0.3} & 0.0 & \red{0.4} & \red{3.3}\\

    &mBERT & \textbf{73.4}$^{\dagger}$  & 54.4 & \textbf{65.6}$^{\dagger}$ & \textbf{74.6} &  56.3 & 64.9 \\
    &{ }{ }{ }\emph{shuffled} & \red{0.7} & \red{8.0} & \red{0.5} & \red{0.8} & \blue{0.4} & \red{2.0}\\

    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    }
    \caption{Accuracy of flat (\textsc{Bow}\xspace, \textsc{An}\xspace, \textsc{Cnn}\xspace), hierarchical (\textsc{Hcnn}\xspace, \textsc{Han}\xspace), and transfer (\ulmfit, \textsc{mBert}\xspace) models on document-level sentiment datasets ($\dagger$ denotes statistically significant difference (p $< 0.01$) when compared to the second best model. Bold numbers are the \textbf{best model} for each dataset, red numbers indicate \red{poorer performance} (in percentage points) when the sentence order is shuffled, while blue numbers indicate \blue{better} results when shuffled.}
    \label{table:results}
\end{table}

\subsection{Results}

Table \ref{table:results} shows the accuracy (\F results are similar) of the seven models for all five languages and their average, as well as statistical significance\footnote{We calculate statistical significance with approximate randomization testing \cite{yeh-2000-accurate} with 10000 runs.}). The \textsc{Bow}\xspace model performs well across all experiments, achieving an average 64.2 accuracy, and ties \textsc{Han}\xspace on the German dataset (73.2). The \textsc{Cnn}\xspace performs worse than the \textsc{Bow}\xspace across all experiments except Japanese (an average loss of 1.2 percentage points (pp)). \textsc{An}\xspace has the second best overall performance (66.4).

Regarding the hierarchical models, the \textsc{Hcnn}\xspace performs on par with the flat \textsc{Cnn}\xspace (avg. 63.6), while the \textsc{Han}\xspace model is the best on Norwegian (61.4) and the best overall (avg. 66.4). This seems to indicate that while it is useful to explicitly model hierarchical structure using the \textsc{Han}\xspace model, the \textsc{Hcnn}\xspace is not as well suited to the task.

\ulmfit performs better than \textsc{Bow}\xspace on Norwegian and Japanese (0.1 / 3.1 pp), but 0.4 pp worse overall.
\textsc{mBert}\xspace is the best model on English, French, and German (73.4, 65.6, 74.6 respectively), but performs poorly on Norwegian (54.4) and Japanese (56.3).

Shuffling the test data hurt 22 of 30 experiments and had the highest impact on the Norwegian and Japanese data -- an average drop of 5.6 pp -- both of which have the longest documents. The \textsc{Cnn}\xspace seems most sensitive to sentence order, losing 8.3 pp overall, followed by \ulmfit 3.3 and \textsc{mBert}\xspace 2.0. Surprisingly, the hierarchical models are more robust to changes in sentence order.

\section{Analysis}
\label{analysis}

In this section we analyze what effects the number of training examples and document length has on the classifiers.

\subsection{Simulated low-resource settings}

In this section we compare transfer and hierarchical models in a simulated low-resource setting, where there are only a few training examples.
\emph{A priori}, one might expect that transfer learning
should perform better, given the use of additional unlabeled data.

We compute learning curves by training models on NoReC (same results on the other data) using between 64
to 30,000 labeled documents. Development and test data are kept the same. Figure \ref{fig:learningcurves} indicates that the models have the nearly same relative ranking with as few as 64 training examples as they do with 30,000, with the exception of \textsc{mBert}\xspace. Surprisingly, even for low data scenarios, hierarchical modeling is as beneficial as transfer learning.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{learning_curves3.pdf}
    \caption{Accuracy on Norwegian test set with increasing number of training examples.}
    \label{fig:learningcurves}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Effect of document length}

Although most documents in the datasets are multi-sentence, they are not all of the same length. Therefore, we ask ourselves: \emph{do any of these models perform significantly better than other models on shorter/longer documents?}

Figure \ref{fig:sentlength} shows the accuracy of \textsc{Han}\xspace and \textsc{mBert}\xspace across the five languages on test documents, where the x-axis denotes document lengths (from 1 to 50), keeping those lengths that have more than 25 examples in order to avoid spurious results.
Although \textsc{mBert}\xspace performs better on short documents, \textsc{Han}\xspace performs much better than \textsc{mBert}\xspace on longer documents ($|d| > 10$), with Pearson ranked correlation of 0.41 (p $<$ 0.01). This trend also holds when comparing \textsc{Han}\xspace and \textsc{An}\xspace. Hierarchical modeling, therefore, increases robustness to document length.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{binned_bert_han.pdf}
    \caption{\textsc{Han}\xspace outperforms \textsc{mBert}\xspace across different document lengths as determined by number of sentences per document. The scatter plot shows the accuracy on individual sentence counts (each color represents a dataset, and the markers represent the two models) while the bar plots show the mean accuracy of \textsc{Han}\xspace and \textsc{mBert}\xspace respectively on 5 sentence-length bins.}
    \label{fig:sentlength}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:summary}

We have compared flat, hierarchical, and transfer learning models for document-level sentiment classification for five different languages and have shown that the best model depends on characteristics of your data. We also found that hierarchical models perform similar to transfer learning approaches even in low-resource scenarios, contrary to expectation.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work has been carried out as part of the SANT project (Sentiment Analysis for Norwegian Text), funded by the Research Council of Norway (grant number 270908).

\bibliographystyle{acl_natbib}
\interlinepenalty=10000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Ok. Cardspace/Infocard is like OpenId. Password-less access to websites (or password-fewer access).
1. You must use SSL. Even if you just want to secure your application against your clueless neighbor. That is a minimum of $40.
2. You must decrypt the response on an account with NTFS access to the private key. The NT Network Service account is not likely to have read access to the private key on a hosted account. Good luck explain how and getting co-operation from your hosting provider.
3. Decryption must be done under FULL TRUST. Many hosted accounts only let you run in medium trust and don't let you create COM+ dlls, put stuff in the GAC, etc.
4. To get rid of the "the website isn't secure for banking or ecommerce" you have to spend $1000 on an EV SLL cert. Oh, sure, pocket change.
5. And who is issuing managed cards? I can get an SSL based cert from Thawte that says I am the person that controls my email account, but I can't find anyone who issues managed infocards anywhere.
I've about realize that I–a computer profession and programmer, will not be able to implement InfoCard/Cardspace in any form, not for my blog, not for my hobby website, nothing. Either one has $1040 and ones own entire server or nothing.
If only the top 10 biggest websites can overcome the hurdles posed by infocard, what we are going to see is 5 websites accept infocard and everyone else (mom & pop websites) continue to use passwords and user ID's. InfoCard will have a minimal impact on how authentication is done.
This is going to drive small websites into using OpenId. Consumer will rapidly gain a few dozen OpenId cards. The rising ubiquity of OpenId–which doesn't try to be a waterproof authentication method–will take over the world, relegating InfoCard to "that way you logon to Live.com services".
Come on Microsoft, when are we going to be able to run CardSpace/Info card in "real world" mode?
Cardspace – Great idea – but currently like trying to use blangers, you know, the money currency which nobody accepts. Who accepts these damn cards!


text:
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Progress resumes on the monastery chapel project. All of us reconvened in Conyers last night and began setting up shop today. The timber frame trusses are now staged and ready for raising, but the bell tower's floor, roof, and all important brass bell need tending to first. Quite exciting to enter into the home stretch, and begin seeing the pieces come together.


Do Twitter API limits rest at the top of the hour or is it floating?
I'm pretty sure they are calculated from the time of the first hit you make to the API—resetting on the hour would likely encourage API users to run large batches of queries at 1 second past the hour, resulting in huge and unwanted traffic spikes.
This is Do Twitter API limits rest at the top of the hour or is it floating? by Simon Willison, posted on 29th January 2012.
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text:
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We publish a range of international news & reports related to our work. Find out how we're helping to build an world inclusive for everyone.
War in Ukraine: South Africa calls itself a "friend" of Russia
Caldwell Hampton
So far, South Africa has refused to condemn Russia since the start of the war. She took a new step.
By Belga
Published on 01/23/2023 at 15:08
LSouth Africa, which has criticized Moscow for its "neutral" stance in refusing to condemn it since the start of the war in Ukraine, took a new step by calling itself a "friend" of Russia during a meeting between Russia's diplomatic leaders on Monday. Two nations in Pretoria.
The South African country recently announced that it will host Russian and Chinese navies off its coast for joint maneuvers in February to "strengthen already flourishing ties."
"All countries conduct military exercises with their friends," South African Foreign Minister Naledi Bandor told a press conference after meeting her Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, on Monday.
War in Ukraine: Interactive Chart to Better Understand Vladimir Putin's Constellation
The minister hailed it as a "very pleasant meeting" with an "invaluable partner". For his part, Mr. Lavrov underlined. More than 350 South African players will participate in the joint exercise, which is scheduled from February 17 to 27.
Russia "does not rule out negotiations with Ukraine," Mr. Lavrov declared. "But deniers must understand that the longer they refuse, the harder it will be to find a solution," he added.
Ilya Ichin, Russian dissident: "Putin will eventually leave and will always be a murderer"
Moscow has repeatedly said it is ready for "serious dialogue" with Ukraine, on the condition that the latter accepts the annexation of several territories, but Kyiv has demanded a total withdrawal of Russian forces before any talks.
"Total coffee junkie. Tv ninja. Unapologetic problem solver. Beer expert."
See also Ukraine: The United States refuses to write Russia's key request, but seeks a "diplomatic path"
Credit Karma and HomeAdvisor pay after Federal Trade Commission orders to pay millions
Zelensky flags reshuffling after allegations of corruption
A former employee says Facebook is intentionally draining users' cellphone batteries
Blake Rodriquez
Italy's Eni signs a $8 billion gas deal with Libya while Prime Minister Meloni visits Tripoli
Gardner Bailey
In the United States, Memphis police dismantled the unit in connection with the fatal arrest of Dyer Nichols.
Scout Titterington
Copyright © 2023 BEAM Media


How good is new Sting musical?
Musician Sting is known for being an activist, so it should be no surprise that his musical The Last Ship has political undertones. The world-famous singer was at New Alexandra Theatre to oversee the opening night of the show in Birmingham, but was it all smooth sailing?
The Last Ship is something of a labour of love for Sting as it is heavily inspired by his childhood memories of growing up in the North East, in the shadow of a shipbuilding yard in Wallsend.
Audiences in the UK and Ireland are getting their first chance to see the show this year as part of a tour, which I caught at Birmingham's New Alexandra Theatre during its stay from April 16 to 21. I had high expectations as its stint in America a few years' ago (with a slightly different version) had gained it two Tony Award nominations for Best Original Score and Best Orchestrations.
It's a somewhat grim but striking plot for a musical about a community under threat, protesting as politicians move in to shut the yard, one of whom looks and sounds eerily similar to Maggie Thatcher.
At the same time, there's an equally dreary storyline about a young man returning home to find his childhood sweetheart after 17 years away, during which time his father has died.
Okay, the show is far from hearts and flowers and leaping around in love, but this is a slice of reality from one of the most respected music artists in the world.
There's death, betrayal, heartbreak and most of all, a desperation to escape a life laid out for you when you have something more ambitious in mind. That comes through in several songs - particularly Dead Man's Boots - and are probably the most meaningful to Sting as he's openly talked about that being how he felt growing up in the North East.
As expected, the soundtrack by Sting is excellent with a folk influence to the foot-stamping tunes. There's also a choral element to the group numbers, similar to that of the all-male choirs found around the old mining communities.
In comparison, the solo numbers have a distinctive Sting sound, especially as actor Richard Fleeshman is heavily channelling a Sting impersonation in many of his numbers with rasping vocals.
The main pull for audiences will obviously be the music, but there's much more to this production than that. The stage set and design is hugely impressive and you can almost taste the salty air from the North Sea as huge screens display everything from roaring waves to stars amid a backdrop of cranes. The digital set also quickly transforms the scene from a ropy pub to a beautiful stained glass church and it's a huge bonus to the viewer.
The gritty plot is powerful and unpretentious too. The essence of it is people working and fighting together to protect what's important to them. Be warned, it does suddenly morph into a political call to arms in the final scene, expanding the message to not just the shipbuilding industry but to the NHS.
Actor Joe McGann adds some gravitas to the plot as foreman Jackie White while Charlie Hardwick, known for her stint in Emmerdale, plays his wife Peggy and is exceptional on stage with a rousing singing voice.
Richard Fleeshman, playing the returning naval officer Gideon, has an impressive voice, so it's understandable that he has been given some of the best and most emotional songs in the show including The Night The Pugilist Learned How To Dance.
Frances McNamee as Gideon's love interest Meg and Katie Moore as Ellen are both worth a mention for their strong vocals too.
The First Act is the stronger of the two and the only drawback was that it was sometimes hard to understand characters with the strongest North East accents.
The Last Ship is a welcome first musical from Sting, who has combined his history, musical talent and political astuteness to create a moving piece of theatre. Hopefully, this is just the beginning of his move into the theatrical world.


text: Controller for a four_wheel_steering mobile base.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SELLING OR BUYING A BUSINESS IS USUALLY MORE ART THAN SCIENCE. Sellers predominantly aspire to 'price' – a number conceptualized from what something/somewhere sold for, or a broker put in their mind, a 'valuation' from some appraiser or accountant, imaginative perception of what the business 'ought to be' worth, or what they simply think is 'needed' for retirement. But that number is seldom with reference to what 'value' means in the eyes of a buyer – usually a combination of arithmetic related to ROI, strategic fit with other business activities, financial capacity, and always personal goals & objectives. From either seller or buyer direction, the key to a successful result is have reality-based clarity in the range of relevant issues to reach sensible compromise on transaction terms. DCG have decades of experience – representing separate or all parties – in business sale/acquisition strategy, positioning, negotiation, implementing and transitioning. Call us before your reality check bounces.
"DESPITE THE ADMINISTRATION'S POLICY FAILURES AT HOME AND ABROAD, SCANDALS AND LIES," why do most major polls still show approval of the President's job performance averaging around 45%? At least four major factors seem to play a part: "(1) Most Americans don't care very much about or pay much attention to public affairs. Personal matters (family, work, play, entertainment health, etc) are far more important to the average person than is politics, so they just don't know much; (2) Mainstream Media, remains infatuated with President Obama… Overwhelmingly left-wing democrats who report the news likely accept the belief that racism motivates any criticism and, since they are loath to express any sentiment that could be so construed, sing his praises and refuse to report anything that could be considered critical; (3) Public perceptions of the Presidency conceptualize the office as a democratic priest-king…supposed to exercise power for 'the public good'…representing 'all of the people'… While this results in a combination of unrealistic expectations, false hopes and willful misunderstandings which produce a dysfunctional relationship between ordinary Americans and their Chief Executive… most people are predisposed to give a President the benefit of the doubt and inflated public image… (4) Biased racial and partisanship support keeps poll data on job performance and personality higher than they otherwise would be." [AMERICAN THINKER – July 18, 15]
MEANWHILE, IN COUNTRIES WITHOUT OUR FREEDOMS, "BUREAUCRATS WILL STOP AT NOTHING when their backs are up against the wall, especially in a socialist regime." In Venezuela, where the currency is tanking and U.S. dollars are traded in underground markets, authorities have now declared "the act of publishing black-market value of the dollar is now illegal." in order to block access to even currency rate information, which is "provided by Google and Firefox search engine technology not under national control… the existence of Apps have now been officially banned." [FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT – July 15]
MORE DRUNKS ARE APPARENTLY BLUE-EYED. The genetic components that are tied to alcohol abuse are the same as those which determine eye-color. Research reported in American Journal of Medical Genetics found that 'alcohol dependence' in over 1,200 people with European ancestry was 80% higher among those with blue eyes. [LIVE SCIENCE.COM; THE WEEK – July 24, 15]
'MANAGEMENT' ACCOUNTING DIFFERS FROM 'FINANCIAL' ACCOUNTING which is structured for summary reporting of historical information to banks, creditors or outside stakeholders. The objective of Management accounting is to provide "the kind of actionable operational data that can support and improve internal strategic decision making…with the most relevant information for analysis to generate and preserve value." Regardless of company size, effective Managerial reporting can "derive value out of the ever-growing volume of information that is available in today's data-driven business world… It's absence can result in irrelevant and/or outdated data, a disconnect between departments, and misunderstandings of information presented." DCG has depth expertise in guiding business strategy and implementation. Let us help your business. [CFO EDGE NWSLTR – July 15]
THOUGHTS FOR THE WEEK: Why is it that Social Security for long-term workers is running out of money, but there seems to be all the money needed for welfare & food stamps to illegal aliens who've never contributed to the fund.
Taxpayer funding of the Congress is around $2 billion annually to make laws on behalf of the citizens (and, increasingly, the non-citizens). Corporations spend over $2.6 billion funding the lobbyists to make laws on behalf of their own profits & shareholders.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE FOR OPTIMAL STRATEGIC & FINANCIAL PLANNING, OPERATIONS, MANAGEMENT & MEDIATION


Why Should You Consume Pure Consuming Water?
Our body contains almost 70 % of water. In order to maintain our water degrees we have to drink a lot of water. Nevertheless, there has been a debate if typical consuming water is tidy enough for consumer consumption and this is the reason why many people are drinking pure drinking water instead.
Up until early 1900 we did care much about the high quality of our drinking water. Everything changed when we notifications exactly how unwell everyone become from consuming water that was not cleansed. visit http://www.saluswater.com/In order to fight conditions like polio, chemicals were placed in to our water. The most vital ones were chloride and even fluoride. These chemicals eliminate most micro microorganisms that contaminate our drinking wells.
However, in the 1970's it was mentioned that placing those chemicals in our water is not so healthy after all. Chloride and also Fluoride are extremely connected with cancer as well as birth defects. The argument went on if we should include these chemicals or otherwise.
There are a few methods just how we can stop the consumption of chloride and even fluoride right into our body. The simplest thing to do is not tap water anymore yet rather drink pure consuming water that is bottled.
There are many different kinds of containers water and also it is necessary to choose the right ones. You ought to read some customer credit reports first in order to contained bottled water brand names that only make use of purified water.
Another alternative would certainly be to mount water filters on your tap water. In order to find the best filters for your kind of tap water, you should first check it at a lab. There are many different sorts of filters and in order to available the most effective filter you will require these results. If you could not available any sort of laboratory to examine your tap water compared to go with the filter that offers you self-confidence.
This entry was posted in Easy Stuff, Energy Efficiency on March 11, 2016 by diyhome.


The Battle of New Market Heights was one of several engagments that took place during the drawn-out siege of Petersburg during the fall of 1864. Ron Gorman's latest blog post includes a review of the battle and the gallant role of the 5th United State Colored Infantry, which included Oberlin soldiers. September 29, 2014 will mark the 150th anniversary of this Civil War battle.
Read: The Battle of New Market Heights: The 5th USCT's "Glory"


text:
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="OperationProcessorContext.cs" company="NSwag">
//     Copyright (c) Rico Suter. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
// <license>https://github.com/NSwag/NSwag/blob/master/LICENSE.md</license>
// <author>Rico Suter, mail@rsuter.com</author>
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;

namespace NSwag.CodeGeneration.SwaggerGenerators.WebApi.Processors.Contexts
{
    /// The <see cref="IOperationProcessor"/> context.
    public class OperationProcessorContext
    {
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="OperationProcessorContext"/> class.
        /// <param name="document">The document.</param>
        /// <param name="operationDescription">The operation description.</param>
        /// <param name="methodInfo">The method information.</param>
        /// <param name="swaggerGenerator">The swagger generator.</param>
        /// <param name="allOperationDescriptions">All operation descriptions.</param>
        public OperationProcessorContext(
            SwaggerDocument document,
            SwaggerOperationDescription operationDescription,
            MethodInfo methodInfo,
            SwaggerGenerator swaggerGenerator,
            IList<SwaggerOperationDescription> allOperationDescriptions)
        {
            Document = document;
            OperationDescription = operationDescription;
            MethodInfo = methodInfo;
            SwaggerGenerator = swaggerGenerator;
            AllOperationDescriptions = allOperationDescriptions;
        }

        /// Gets the Swagger document.
        public SwaggerDocument Document { get; set; }

        /// Gets or sets the operation description.
        public SwaggerOperationDescription OperationDescription { get; set; }

        /// Gets or sets the method information.
        public MethodInfo MethodInfo { get; set; }

        /// Gets or sets the Swagger generator.
        public SwaggerGenerator SwaggerGenerator { get; set; }

        /// Gets or sets all operation descriptions.
        public IList<SwaggerOperationDescription> AllOperationDescriptions { get; set; }
    }
}


text:
Atiku speaks on next line of action if Buhari is affirmed winner of 2019 presidential election
Presidential Candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar, has revealed next line of actions should the tribunal affirm Buhari as winner of the 2019 general election.
He gave the assurance while stating that he would not allow Nigeria to experience crisis or spilling of innocent blood in a bid to get justice.
Speaking through the spokesperson of his campaign organisation, Segun Sowunmi, the former Vice President said he was more interested in institutional reforms that would enhance national development.
Addressing journalists yesterday in Abuja, Showunmi urged judicial officers of the tribunal to do what was expected of them by delivering judgement in line with their professional calling.
He said: "We hope and pray that the canker worm, nepotism, corruption and lack of integrity that has eaten deep into the fabrics of this society would be caught.
"But it's up to the courts to demonstrate that they are immune. And I think this election tribunal will do its work. People want to know how it will go, and of course, we don't have a choice, we will accept the verdict of history, we will accept the verdict of the court.
"However, there is no way you can edge it, Atiku is already the winner of the 2019 presidential election in the minds of the people.
"For he is the leader of opposition now, Atiku is not going to be silenced with whatever the outcome will be."


ilimo limousine and tour company offers the perfect experience for the outdoor enthusiasts who really want to dig in and explore what Colorado has to offer.
Join us in one of our day trips and experience the beauty and the magic of this beautiful state. Visit places like Red Rocks Amphitheatre, the magical Garden Of The Gods, or the majestic mountains of the Rocky Mountain National Park.
ilimo has an unparalleled experience in planning tours and transportation logistics for every type of occasion.


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Mark van der Schoot (born 4 October 1990), known by his stage name Maduk, is a Dutch drum and bass music producer and DJ from Amsterdam. He has released music on Hospital Records, Liquicity Records, Viper Recordings as well as Monstercat and Fokuz Recordings. He released his first album Never Give Up at Hospital Records on 29 April 2016. Together with Maris Goudzwaard, he founded Liquicity.

History
He won the award for "Best Newcomer Producer" at the Drum and Bass Awards 2014, and the "Best Newcomer DJ" award in 2015.

Discography

Albums

Extended plays

References

External links
 Maduk at Hospital Records

1990 births
Living people
Dutch DJs
Dutch drum and bass musicians
Hospital Records artists
Musicians from Amsterdam
Electronic dance music DJs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Ballroom Association of Madison (BAM) is focused on providing social dance activities for UW-Madison students. Membership in the club is open to anyone. Memberships may be purchased at any of our social dances or lessons. However, we occasionally may have to suspend new non-student memberships for a period of time to ensure that our UW student membership remains above 75%. When this occurs, non-students may still purchase a Lesson Pass (see below). This is currently the case.


At 2,764 meters (9,068 feet) high, Mount Bachelor is the prominent peak just south of the Three Sisters in central Oregon. It is located within the Deschutes National Forest, 20 km west-southwest of Bend, Oregon. Mount Bachelor is the largest volcano in the 25-km-long, north-south trending, Mount Bachelor volcanic chain, which is composed of numerous cinder cones, lava flows, and shield volcanoes and covers and area of nearly 250 km2 (100 mi2). Eruptions of the chain began during or closely following the retreat of late Pleistocene glaciers (after about 18 ka) and ended before the eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake at 7.7 ka), with the main pulse of activity lasting perhaps only 3,000 years. The volcanic chain produced mainly lava flows and near-vent tephra falls. The chain is typical of one style of mafic (basalt to andesite) volcanism found throughout the Cascades Volcanic Arc—effusive eruptions from aligned short-lived volcanic vents.


Amazing in attack, rubbish at the back. The talent to beat any team and the capacity to implode at any moment. A total mess in the boardroom. Did Wenger really go?
Arsenal's first season without Arsène Wenger since 1995-96 was always going to be a difficult campaign and, as in the post-Ferguson era at Manchester United, there was always the possibility it was going to end in disaster. Off-field developments this week suggest that the Gunners are running into similar structural problems as United, and now seem to be heading towards a cliff edge. There seems to be no way to avoid a second overhaul in two years and another fresh start in the summer. They're still light years from being a team that can challenge for the Premier League title and even Champions League qualification seems to be beyond them.
This time last year Chief Executive Ivan Gazidis, Head of Recruitment Sven Mislintat and Head of Football Raúl Sanllehi appointed Unai Emery as Arsenal's first new manager in 22 years. They seemed to have put together a modern, coherent and streamlined model with a clear division of labour and authority. Twelve months on, Gazidis has moved to AC Milan and Mislintat, described as "the signing of the century" after his arrival from Borussia Dortmund, has quit over disagreements regarding methodology. Arsenal have effectively gone from having the perfect off-field setup to having to fashion a new one which simply keeps the wheels turning.
The treatment of Arsenal's key players also raises huge doubts over decision-making and allocation of resources. Mesut Özil and Aaron Ramsey have been frozen out, with Ramsey's contract being allowed to expire. The Welshman, arguably more a symbol of Arsenal than any other player at the club, has since signed a pre-contract agreement with Bosman-market kings Juventus. Özil, by a distance Arsenal's highest earner and awarded his latest deal just last summer, is now reportedly up for sale. With the likes of Alex Iwobi and Mattéo Guendouzi racking up minutes in their places, it's impossible not to wonder who's calling the shots at Arsenal and what their thinking is.
On the pitch, results aren't justifying such weird decision-making. Arsenal are fifth, six points outside the Champions League spots. They haven't really played well for any sustained period this season – even while going unbeaten for 22 games in four months across all competitions, they never produced the football they're capable of or even a single complete performance. Since the end of that unbeaten run one month ago, they've lost to Southampton (3-2), Tottenham (2-0), Liverpool (5-1) and, last weekend, West Ham (1-0).
Obviously, they weren't going to shake the flakiness of the tail-end of the Wenger era overnight, and it would be unfair to say that successful steps towards forging a new identity haven't been taken this season, but the last few weeks' results have served to remind us exactly how difficult Unai Emery's job is. Arsenal's implosion at boardroom level will only make Emery's life even harder.
First and foremost, Arsenal need to decide where the power lies at the club and start planning in a way that makes sense, makes the most of their squad and their financial resources, and minimises waste. They risk losing Gazidis, Mislintat, Ramsey and Özil in a single season, just a year after losing Alexis Sánchez and, of course, Arsène Wenger. That would leave a vacuum that could be impossible to fill.
On the pitch, results have to improve and, by the end of the season, performances have to have become more fluent, polished and consistent. At the moment, only Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang can say he's maintaining his high standards every week. Lucas Torreira has impressed without playing to his absolute maximum on a regular basis, while both Ramsey and Alexandre Lacazette can say they've had good spells of form when allowed to play. Everyone else has had good days and some truly rotten ones.
In short, it's still not clear what the new Arsenal's identity is or how they're going to play from now on. Emery's objective should be to give us answers before May. The club's objective should be to enable Emery to do so.
In recent weeks, Emery has alternated between back-three systems and back-four ones, often within the same game. We should expect him to aim to give Arsenal a strong defensive base against the threat of Sarriball by starting with a Conte-esque 3-4-2-1 formation. Arsenal have only kept one Premier League clean sheet since September, however, and Chelsea shouldn't expect to find it hard to break the Gunners down.
In attack, Arsenal remain a pacy, technical outfit capable of prising open any defence at a moment's notice. Aubameyang is so fast and so clinical that defending him is close to impossible. Additionally, the Gunners are adept at breaking down the flanks at speed before squaring cutbacks across the six-yard box, and Chelsea's full backs will have to be very aware of the threat at transitions.
Arsenal's biggest threat remains their speed and their technical mastery of the ball. In Aubameyang and Héctor Bellerín the Gunners have two of the fastest players in the Premier League, while Lacazette, Ramsey, Iwobi and Sead Kolašinac are explosive runners who can open the pitch up and collapse a team's defensive structure with a single well-timed burst into space, while each of Arsenal's midfielders has the vision and the passing quality to find them on the move.
Maurizio Sarri has two options: first, drop Chelsea's defensive line a little deeper than usual; second, press like hell and make sure Arsenal can't play out and use that threat. With the Blues so tired after so many games in such a short time, the second option is impossible. If Chelsea don't show Arsenal the respect they deserve, they will find themselves with a mountain to climb.
On a squad level, Arsenal's team is hopelessly top-heavy. They somehow spent all their money on two top-level strikers who can't play together in big games, and so many attacking midfielders that it's impossible not to leave huge portion of their wage bill on the bench every week, leaving them with notable vulnerabilities in key areas on the pitch at all times.
In defence, Arsenal remain as porous as ever: Shkodran Mustafi is positionally hopeless and gets sucked in all the time; Sokratis Papastathopoulos was a fine penalty box defender for a long time, but has been exposed as too slow and cumbersome to play in Emery's systems; Laurent Koscielny is still recovering form and fitness after a bad injury, but let's not forget that he's been a part of a million different mentally fragile Arsenal defences. New goalkeeper Bernd Leno, recruited as the Gunners' new long-term number one, was flagged up as an error-prone, below average shot-stopper by a number of stats bloggers and he hasn't done anything to change that impression.
Throughout the season, Arsenal's world-class frontline has been undermined by their creaky defence and their callow midfield. If this happens again here, Chelsea will win.
Aubameyang and Lacazette have only started together once in Arsenal's six games against big-six opponents, so we shouldn't expect the latter to feature until the second half. The apparently fit again Özil is pushing for a recall, and will probably be named on the bench, unless Emery feels like he absolutely needs a result here and puts personal and political issues aside for a week.
As for Chelsea, we all know what's coming.
Arsenal haven't lost at home since the opening day of the season, but they've only won once against their Big Six rivals this season. Neither of those facts will change this weekend. Expect a chaotic, error-strewn, entertaining 2-2.
The Daily Hilario: Wine Country Your daily dose of off-topic shenanigans.


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Liam Gallagher sets wedding, however, due to coronacrisis
Liam Gallagher has married his girlfriend, Debbie Gwyther however, been postponed for a year due to the coronacrisis. This will leave the British singer, originally in the summer in the south would be the steps on Thursday to know for a interview with BBC Radio 2.
"We have to have the wedding postponed to the following year. We would be at the wedding, all the masks they have to wear. I'm not going to get married, with a mask on," said Gallagher.
Gallagher, the former frontman of Oasis, said in march that the preparations for his wedding, is not the subject of the proceedings might be due to the measures to be taken against the corona virus.


Play is difficult to define because it is complex. Many scholars find that describing play is easier than defining it. To help advance discourse around a definition of play, research undertaken at The Strong suggests that six basic elements—anticipation, surprise, pleasure, understanding, strength, and poise—are present each time someone plays fully. The Strong explores these elements of play in its Field of Play exhibit, and in volume 6, number 2 of The Strong's American Journal of Play. Both the exhibit and article feature the chart below.
Elements of Play by The Strong is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


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You are here: HomenextNewsnextFeaturesnextThe World Cup and Why England Didn't Enter
The World Cup and Why England Didn't Enter
The Dutch team at the 1934 World Cup, San Siro stadium, Italy.
Image originally published on Flickr by the Dutch National Archives
The World Cup is an event that excites the footballing world. The English press heightens the expectations of a nation, only for our beloved team to falter and fall. Whether penalties, Germany, or the weather, the expectations of a nation are never, in reality, within England's grasp.
Brazil, the most successful nation, have retained the Jules Rimet Trophy since 1970 for winning the competition three times. They have since won the replacement World Cup trophy a further two times. Why can't England play like Brazil; why does England always expect; and why is the World Cup more than just a football match?
Pre Second World War
In 1929 the Uruguayan Football Association asked the English Football League to send a team for a tournament during the summer of 1930. This tournament was to celebrate the centenary of Uruguay's independence. This coincided with FIFA president Jules Rimet's plan to stage a FIFA-organised World Cup in recognition of the success of football at the Olympic Games.
The Football League sent their apologies; they would not be sending a team to the tournament, now recognised as the first official World Cup Final.
In 1933, the Lieutenant Governor of Malta sent a letter to the Foreign Office reminding them of the importance of 'national prestige', when the national team plays abroad (FO 395/492 folio 202).
In 1934, although England was not part of FIFA, they were invited to play in the World Cup, held in Italy. England again declined.
Italy beat Czechoslovakia in the World Cup final, and arrived to play England at Highbury that November. The English press dubbed the game the 'real' World Cup final. The Foreign Office had accepted tickets to the game (file 234/378: FO 372/3036), but were unable to attend the fixture ( FO 371/18420 file 6262).
England won the ill tempered game 3-2. The following day The Guardian ran the story 'the Battle of Highbury' and called for England never to play international friendlies again.
In the build up to the 1938 finals held in France, the Foreign Office again had their views. The conduct (P2241/28/150) and performance (P1718/P2054/28/150) of the team were raised. They also gave their views on the strength of the Portuguese team (P673/28/150). FO 395/568 includes the Foreign Office's suggestion that the Football Association only send its strongest teams abroad.
Throughout the 1930s the Foreign Office report on the bad behaviour of teams on tour. They also regularly remind the Football Association on the conduct of teams abroad, even refusing permission for teams to go on tour. West Ham were denied permission after requesting a trip to play Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War.
All about perception
All these files could suggest the reason why England did not attend any tournament prior to 1950. It was not down to travel, distance or even the opposition. It was how England would be perceived if they lost. England did not want to fail at anything. Civil War in Spain, the financial crisis around the world, and the rise of a new power in Germany, meant England wanted to look and remain strong. Losing a football match to anyone was not on the agenda. In 1929 the Daily Express quoted the Foreign Office: 'Play our first class teams on the continent. It regards it as essential that British prowess shall be well maintained'.
This article, by Keith Mitchell, has been adapted from the National Archives blog, and is reproduced under the terms of the Open Government License. References refer to National Archives documents unless stated.
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Pundit claims Premier league midfielder is on his way to Arsenal.
Israel Oluwaseg Lawal
Jay Bothroyd has claimed that West Ham's Declan Rice is going to make a move to Arsenal over Manchester United as the midfielder is a "London" boy.
According to Jay Bothroyd, a prominent English football pundit, Declan Rice is set to make a move to Arsenal in the summer transfer window.
Speaking on The Transfer Show on Sky Sports, Bothroyd stated that he believes Rice, who is currently with West Ham United, is a "London boy" and would prefer a move to the Emirates over Manchester.
"Declan Rice? He's coming Arsenal, isn't he?!," said Bothroyd. "He's coming to Arsenal.
"I don't think so (Rice ending up in Manchester). He's a London boy. I think he wants to be in London. I think it will be Arsenal or Chelsea, for me."
This comes as Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta has reportedly made the England international his top target for the upcoming transfer window.
The English international midfielder is said to be seeking Champions League football, and if he were to join Arsenal, he would not only be playing in the Champions League, but with a team that currently sits at the top of the Premier League table. However, it remains to be seen if this move will come to fruition and if Thomas Partey's injury status will affect the team's decision.
The 24 years old has been a loyal servant of the Hammers and has guided to quite a number of European competitions and is now faced with trying to help the London club avoid relegation.
Want to get updates on new posts? Follow Israel Oluwaseg Lawal
Published in Premier League
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Anthophora melanognatha is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie bijen en hommels (Apidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1911 door Cockerell.

melanognatha