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Home/Today/China's Motivations and the Risks of Assumptions
China's Motivations and the Risks of Assumptions
There's rising anxiousness within the West about China's rising assertiveness on the worldwide stage. This anxiousness is clear within the insurance policies of western states. The USA has described China as 'a sustained problem' to the worldwide system (The White Home, 2021 p.8). In the meantime, the UK is investing in its 'China-facing capabilities' and Australia is buying nuclear submarines to hedge towards China's presence within the South China Sea (HM Authorities, 2021 p.22; Masterson, 2021). Undoubtedly, China's rise poses a problem to the established order. If for no different cause than that it represents an alternative choice to the western-centric worldwide system (Turin, 2010). However, representing an alternative choice to the established order doesn't imply that Chinese language overseas coverage is inherently motivated by difficult the West.
Such anxious views of Chinese language overseas coverage are rooted in realism, a idea of worldwide relations which assumes actors to be inherently self-interested and motivated by the egoistic pursuit of energy (Waltz 2001; Mearshimer 2003). In keeping with this ontology, the potential energy to be gained by performing assertively is sufficient to account for China's overseas coverage motivations. Social constructivism, then again, posits that an actor's motivations are rooted within the social interactions between teams throughout the state (Leira, 2019). Utilizing this lens, China's overseas coverage motivations have to be understood in relation to its home politics. Adopting a socially constructivist ontology, this text argues that Chinese language overseas coverage is motivated, a minimum of partially, by home nationalist pressures and that, by means of the safety paradox, western insurance policies are fuelling Chinese language assertiveness.
This text proceeds as follows. Firstly, by presenting the Chinese language Communist Celebration's (CCP's) twin-pillar mannequin of legitimacy and its elevated reliance on nationalism to take care of its regime's legitimacy. It then outlines China's nationalist motion and its overseas coverage agenda, utilizing the 2010 Senkaku/Diaoyu dispute to point out how nationalist stress impacts the CCP's overseas coverage decision-making. Consideration is then given to the CCP's social controls, exhibiting that the CCP is unable to mitigate nationalist stress by way of its propaganda infrastructure. The ultimate part then presents the safety paradox idea and the way the West's realist assumptions and anxious insurance policies are fuelling Chinese language assertiveness.
Pillars of Legitimacy
After Mao's loss of life, the CCP might now not depend on a cult of persona to supply standard assist for its regime (Coble, 2007). Slightly, the CCP has since premised its regime legitimacy 'upon the dual pillars of nationalism and financial prosperity (Reilly, 2004 p.283). This mannequin of legitimacy predicates the CCP's regime safety upon its potential to enhance the financial circumstances of the Chinese language folks and its potential to guard and pursue China's nationwide pursuits.
Definitely, the CCP has intently related itself with China's financial success and nationwide pursuits. The CCP-owned Folks's Day by day, for instance, recurrently praises the CCP for fostering China's 'thriving and numerous economic system' (Cai, 2021). It goes so far as to reward particular CCP financial insurance policies such because the 13th 5 12 months Plan, which is credited with rising China's digital economic system by 16.6% from 2016-20 (Folks's Day by day On-line, 2021a). Additionally printed have been calls to assist the CCP in defending nationwide pursuits from overseas intervention. For instance, by buying Xinjiang Cotton towards the backdrop of worldwide condemnation of China's remedy of Xinjiang's Uighur inhabitants (Folks's Day by day On-line, 2021b).
Notably, Chinese language president Xi Jinping invoked each pillars when talking on the CCP's 100th-anniversary celebrations. Stating that 'solely socialism with Chinese language traits can develop China' (BBC Information, 2021) On this assertion, the CCP and its particular model of socialist ideology are offered as important to China's financial growth. In the meantime, Xi additionally made an overtly nationalistic pledge that the CCP will:
by no means enable anybody to bully, oppress or subjugate China. Anybody who tries to do this may have their heads bashed bloody towards the Nice Wall of Metal solid by over 1.4 billion Chinese language folks (Xi by way of BBC Information, 2021).
Evidently, the CCP is keen to affiliate itself with financial growth and defending the Chinese language nation. Doing so in accordance with the dual pillar mannequin to take care of its regime legitimacy.
Nevertheless, an rising situation with the dual pillar mannequin is that the CCP more and more struggles to make sure financial prosperity. Central to the financial pillar are Deng Xiaoping's liberal financial reforms. Since their introduction within the early Eighties, per capita earnings has elevated by 2500% and over 800 million Chinese language have been saved from poverty, conferring standard assist for the CCP's financial stewardship (Denmark, 2018). But, structural financial challenges together with a declining labour drive, low per-capita productiveness, and an over-reliance on manufacturing end in limitations to sustained development (World Financial institution, n.d.). Consequentially, 373 million Chinese language proceed dwelling in a point of relative poverty (Ibid.).
As financial prosperity turns into more durable to ensure, the integrity of the financial pillar is weakened. This is a matter of which the CCP is conscious. China's development fee in 2018 was 6.6% (Kuo, 2019), considerably beneath each China's highs of over 10% development within the 2000s, and the mandatory fee wanted to take care of excessive ranges of employment (World Financial institution, n.d.). This led to issues amongst CCP officers that rising unemployment may result in social unrest (Kuo, 2019). This included Premier Li Keqiang, who publicly acknowledged 'public dissatisfaction' over China's stagnating financial efficiency (Bradsher and Buckley, 2019).
Given the financial pillar's weak spot, the CCP should rely extra upon the nationalist pillar to hold the burden of its regime legitimacy. Therefore, the CCP has been much less more likely to constrain standard expressions of nationalist in recent times (Abbott, 2016). In 2005, tens-of-thousands of Chinese language nationalists protested Japanese textbooks for his or her omission of atrocities dedicated towards China through the Second Sino-Japanese Warfare (Watts, 2005). Protesters attacked Japanese companies and property, together with Japan's embassies and consulates (Yardley, 2005). Some native CCP branches and low-level officers inspired the demonstrations, however the central CCP discouraged the nationalist demonstrations (Watts, 2005). These efforts included deploying riot police, shutting down public transport and the Minister of Public Safety declaring the protests unlawful and citing concern for Sino-Japanese relations as the explanation for this crackdown (Yardley, 2005).
In stark distinction, the CCP did comparatively little to cease anti-Japanese protests in 2012. This time, nationalists in over 180 Chinese language cities gathered within the tens-of-thousands to protest Japan's nationalisation of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands (Gries et al., 2016), an island chain within the East China Sea claimed by China however administered by Japan. Notably, senior CCP officers did not touch upon the protests whereas the dispute was ongoing (Buckley, 2012). Tensions in Sino-Japanese relations have been greater in 2012 in comparison with 2005 (Gries et al., 2016), which means it's difficult to isolate China's financial efficiency as a variable accounting for the distinction within the CCP's response. Nevertheless, it's notable that China's financial development fee slowed by roughly one-third from 11.39% in 2005 to 7.86% in 2012 (World Financial institution, n.d.). Accordingly, as per the twin-pillar mannequin, the CCP's reluctance to constrain the nationalistic anti-Japanese protests was to be anticipated, any anti-protest measures risking the nationalist credentials upon which the CCP more and more relied because the financial pillar faltered.
Chinese language Nationalism and the CCP's International Coverage
The CCP's reliance on the nationalist pillar confers appreciable affect upon China's nationalist motion. This in flip requires the CCP to acquiesce to the nationalist agenda in its overseas coverage to take care of its legitimating nationalist credentials. Chinese language nationalism will not be a unified motion however consists of teams and organisations sharing a standard Chinese language nationalism delicate to what it considers affronts to the Chinese language nation and vocal in its activism towards mentioned affronts (Reilly, 2004; Coble, 2007; Johnston, 2017). A few of these teams and organisations have formal hyperlinks with the CCP, for instance, the Communist Youth League and nationalists working in native CCP branches (Watts, 2005; Kecheng, 2020). Others function extra independently of the CCP, equivalent to nationalists among the many Chinese language diaspora and most of China's on-line activist teams (Modongal, 2016; Fang and Repnikova, 2018).
These teams subscribe to a broad nationalist agenda and count on the CCP to make use of China's rising financial and navy power to pursue China's pursuits (Abbott, 2016). Particularly, they demand justice for historic repression, recognition of China commensurate with its newfound power, that the CCP mobilise towards threats to Chinese language sovereignty, and that China's sphere of affect be revered (Boylan et al., 2020). This agenda was evident within the latest US-China commerce battle. Nationalists known as for sanctions in response to what they perceived as a US try and reject China's standing as a number one international economic system, evaluating US tariffs to the repressive financial restrictions imposed upon China by western imperialists within the 1800s (Ibid.).
Understanding the nationalist agenda and the CCP's reliance on the nationalist pillar for regime legitimacy is critical. It is because the CCP should adhere to the nationalist agenda in its overseas coverage to dwell as much as its nationalist credentials (Coble, 2007). That is obvious in how, towards the backdrop of China's slowing economic system, nationalist stress has coincided with a hard-line stance from the CCP in China's overseas relations. An instance of this may be discovered as early because the 2010 Senkaku/Diaoyu dispute (also referred to as the Trawler Incident). This dispute started after a Chinese language fishing trawler collided with two Japanese coastguard vessels within the territorial waters of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, after which Japan arrested the trawler's crew. Initially the CCP responded comparatively benignly, restricted to International Ministry Spokeswoman Jiang Yu issuing a press release requesting that Japan 'chorus from so-called law-enforcement actions within the East China Sea' (Johnson 2010).
Nevertheless, nationalistic anti-Japanese protests started within the days following the incident. The protesters known as upon the CCP to take additional motion towards Japan. One protester exterior the Japanese embassy defined: 'I would like our authorities to be stronger. They shouldn't let the Japanese bully us on our personal soil!' (Lim, 2010). In the meantime, a protester in Shanghai summarised the protests as follows: 'We got here right here to enchantment for equity and for the best to ask for our captain again. We remorse the federal government's weak spot in diplomacy' (Al Jazeera, 2010a).
Evidently, the China nationalist motion, in response to a perceived affront within the type of the trawler incident, sought to stress the CCP into resolving the dispute in accordance with the nationalist agenda. The day after the protests began, and in addition solely a day after their preliminary assertion, Spokeswoman Jiang introduced naval deployments to the East China Sea. This demarcated the primary occasion of normal Chinese language patrols within the area because the normalisation of Sino-Japanese relations within the Seventies (Inexperienced et al., 2017). Within the following weeks, because the nationalistic anti-Japanese protests continued, China additionally suspended diplomatic contacts with Japan and ceased uncommon earth exports important to Japanese manufacturing (Hafeez, 2015). Chinese language Premier Wen Jiabao additionally threatened Japan with retaliation whereas in New York for a UN convention (Al Jazeera, 2010b).
The truth that the CCP pivoted from a diplomatic response to naval deployments inside sooner or later, and that this pivot coincided with nationalist stress upon the CCP, exhibits nationalism's have an effect on upon Chinese language overseas coverage in motion. The speedy change in response to Japan ensuing from the CCP eager to uphold its nationalist credentials whatever the implications for Sino-Japanese relations.
After all, it's believable that the CCP merely desired to take a robust stance towards Japan and that anti-Japanese sentiment merely provided the pretext for the CCP to flex its newfound navy power. Taffer (2020), for instance, presents the trawler incident as an try by the CCP to check the USA's dedication to its Japanese ally. Nevertheless, the CCP made efforts to restore Sino-Japanese relations after the flashpoint of the dispute handed. These included the resumption of uncommon earth exports and delicate discouragement of anti-Japanese protests as soon as nationalist stress subsided within the following months (Inexperienced et al., 2017). This means that the CCP didn't wish to harm Sino-Japanese relations, however reasonably that nationalist stress compelled the CCP to behave in accordance with the nationalist agenda. Thereby safeguarding its nationalist credentials as per its rising reliance upon the nationalist pillar to safe its regime legitimacy.
The Limits of the CCP's Management
Reilly (2011) argues that the CCP practices efficient social management over its nationalist motion by leveraging China's propaganda infrastructure to direct and disperse nationalist sentiment as wanted. If true, this may imply that the CCP faces no stress to stick to the nationalist agenda. It might merely adapt its propaganda messaging to counter nationalist stress with out appeasing the nationalist agenda in its overseas coverage decision-making.
But, the CCP has failed to limit nationalist activism towards overseas actors, illustrating the boundaries of the CCP's management over China's nationalist motion. For instance, in 2020, towards the backdrop of worldwide condemnation of occasions in Hong Kong, the CCP struggled to crackdown on a nationalist anti-foreign smear marketing campaign on social media (Lo, 2020). Notably, the Communist Youth League, a nationalistic youth motion affiliated with the CCP, provocatively endorsed a 'social media campaign' towards overseas governments sympathetic in direction of Hong Kong (Kecheng, 2020). This exhibits that the CCP struggles to exert social management over nationalist organisations it has formal hyperlinks with, not to mention the broader Chinese language nationalist motion.
The constraints of the CCP's crackdown on the nationalist social media marketing campaign, and thus limitations of the CCP's social controls over China's nationalist motion, have been most distinguished in Could 2020. Chinese language nationalist hacktivists hijacked the Twitter account of the Chinese language embassy in Paris, posting an image depicting the USA because the personification of loss of life, trailing blood alongside a hall and knocking at Hong Kong's door with the caption 'who's subsequent?' (Lo, 2020). That is vital for 2 causes. Firstly, the response from the Chinese language embassy was to quickly delete the publish and issued formal apologies to France and the USA (Keyser, 2020). These actions are inconsistent with a CCP really motivated to say China's nationwide pursuits to the detriment of its overseas relations, however in keeping with a CCP struggling to manage China's nationalist motion.
Secondly, and most significantly, this instance exhibits Chinese language nationalists to be hijacking the CCP's propaganda infrastructure to pursue their overseas coverage agenda. This factors to a actuality through which, reasonably than the CCP having social management of China's nationalist motion by its propaganda infrastructure, Chinese language nationalists discover methods to flee the CCP's social controls. It additionally exhibits that they're prepared to reply independently of the CCP to perceived affronts to the Chinese language nation in the event that they really feel the CCP fails to take action adequately.
Given the constraints of the CCP's social controls, the CCP can't merely adapt its propaganda messaging to offset nationalist stress. Slightly, it should cope with the dilemma of both acquiescing to the nationalist agenda, even to the detriment of China's overseas relations, or risking its nationalist credentials and thus regime legitimacy. This demonstrates that home nationalist pressures are a big consider China's overseas coverage decision-making regardless of the CCP's propaganda infrastructure.
Understanding the nationalist pressures on the CCP's overseas coverage decision-making is vital for 2 causes. Firstly, from a tutorial standpoint, it serves as a case research in working previous preliminary assumptions about an actor's motivations. Whereas western policymakers anxiously assume China's motivations in accordance with realism, this text has offered an alternate rationalization. By an actor's overseas coverage as a product of its home politics, it's doable to supply a extra significant rationalization of their overseas coverage motivations. On this case, that China is motivated, a minimum of partially, by the CCP's need to uphold its legitimating nationalist credentials within the face of stress to stick to the overseas coverage agenda of its nationalist motion.
Secondly, when it comes to the practise of worldwide relations, it exhibits how the realist assumptions of western policymakers and their respective China insurance policies danger turning into self-fulfilling prophecies. That is in accordance with the safety paradox idea. Also called the safety dilemma, the safety paradox refers to a cycle through which two sides, by their efforts to mitigate their very own uncertainty and insecurity, set off uncertainty and insecurity within the different (Sales space and Wheeler, 2007). As this cycle progresses tensions could escalate to the purpose that battle emerges regardless of, paradoxically, neither facet essentially holding any ill-will in direction of the opposite firstly of the paradox (Ibid.). An instance of a safety paradox is the Anglo-German naval arms race through the prelude to World Warfare I. On this, Germany's maritime ambitions induced Britain to broaden its navy, in flip lea ding Germany to speed up its naval programme and thus Britain to develop bigger battleships, and so forth (Maurer, 1997).
An analogous mechanic may be noticed in the present day concerning the West and its insurance policies in direction of China. Western states, anxious about China's rise and rising assertiveness, are enacting insurance policies in preparation of a Chinese language problem to the established order. Buying nuclear submarines and investing in 'China-facing capabilities'. Whereas comprehensible given their anxiousness and realist assumptions, these insurance policies danger upsetting Chinese language nationalists. Thereby producing stress on the CCP to enact the assertive overseas coverage the West needs to keep away from. Probably resulting in additional western insurance policies that danger being interpreted as an affront by Chinese language nationalists. If unchecked, this might result in hostility regardless of each the West and the CCP merely trying to mitigate their very own insecurities.
That western insurance policies are upsetting Chinese language nationalists is evident to see. Minister Yang Xiaoguang of the Chinese language embassy in London has defined that the Chinese language folks have expressed 'antipathy and opposition' to the UK's plans to China coverage (Embassy of the Folks's Republic of China in the UK of Nice Britain and Northern Eire, 2021). This means home nationalist stress on the CCP to answer the UK's coverage. Equally, in response to American posturing and Australia's acquisition of nuclear submarines, Chinese language nationalists briefly started requires the CCP to declare battle on AUKUS (Davidson and Blair, 2021). These examples each spotlight how, in response to western coverage, China's nationalist motion is pressuring the CCP to stick to its overseas coverage agenda. In doing so, making the case that the West is, by means of its China insurance policies, creating the assertive China that fuels their very own anxieties.
Evidently, China's overseas coverage motivations are influenced by home nationalist pressures and western coverage. That is obvious contemplating the twin-pillar mannequin. As financial prosperity has change into more durable for the CCP to ensure, it has needed to more and more depend on nationalism for legitimacy. This confers appreciable affect upon China's nationalist motion. China's nationalist motion subscribes to a broad nationalist agenda, which it needs the CCP to stick to in its overseas coverage decision-making. This has affected China's overseas coverage in practise, obvious as early as 2010 when the CCP shortly pivoted to align extra intently to the nationalist agenda through the 2010 Senkaku/Diaoyu dispute. Some have argued that the CCP's management over China propaganda infrastructure confers efficient management over China's nationalist motion. Nevertheless, as mentioned, the CCP's social controls over Chinese language nationalists are actually restricted. With nationalists even bypassing mentioned propaganda infrastructure and straight pursuing their overseas coverage agenda after they take into account the CCP to did not rectify affronts to the Chinese language nation.
Understanding the home pressures motivating Chinese language overseas coverage showcases the significance of transferring past realist assumptions and highlights how we are able to obtain a fuller understanding by contemplating the home once we research the worldwide. It additionally exhibits that western overseas insurance policies are, by means of the safety paradox, producing the assertive China that western coverage was supposed to mitigate. Because the West provokes Chinese language nationalists, they're pressuring the CCP to enact extra assertive overseas insurance policies, in flip inflicting additional anxiousness within the West. Additional research into how China's home politics informs its overseas coverage might provide extra insights motivations. It might additionally inform western insurance policies in direction of China. Lessening the danger of upsetting Chinese language nationalists and thus higher mitigating western anxieties.
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Kim Kardashian Admits How She Really Feels About Pregnancy
#JustPregnantKeeks is just not that into it.
In a new blog post on her website, Kim Kardashian has gotten really real (again) about what it's like to be pregnant. While her sister Kourtney and their mom Kris apparently enjoy pregnancy, Kim is absolutely not into it. "I'm gonna keep it real," Kim wrote. "For me, pregnancy is the worst experience of my life! LOL! I don't enjoy one moment of it and I don't understand people who enjoy it." Given her struggles with morning sickness and the way the media criticized her during her first pregnancy, you can't really blame her. "I just always feel like I'm not in my own skin," she continued. "It's hard to explain. I don't feel sexy, either — I feel insecure and most of the time I just feel gross."
Still, despite all the "gross things" that happen during pregnancy — like having to wear a diaper for two months afterward, per Mrs. Kardashian West — Kim says she likes the challenge of getting her figure back and, most importantly, she likes the part where the baby arrives. "It is all SO worth it when you have your precious baby in the end!" she writes. "So for all my complaining, it's 100 percent worth it and more!!!" And when she starts Instagramming adorable photos of North hanging out with her new little brother, it'll be 200 percent worth it for the rest of us.
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Federal Government & Sex
The federal government and sex have a long history that has changed over the decades. In 1873, it was a federal crime to "send contraceptives or instructions for their use through the mail."1
Some federal laws are seen as beneficial to vulnerable members of society, but some say the government curtails consensual sexual activity among adults.
While states have their own laws, which are too numerous to compile for this overview, they can be ruled unconstitutional and become invalid, like in the Supreme Court's June 26, 2003, ruling in Lawrence v. Texas,2 which held that anti-sodomy laws are unconstitutional.
Some federal laws on sex crimes like obscenity are not clear cut and subject to interpretation.3 There are pros and cons on both sides on many of the government federal laws regulating certain sexual activity. Some laws, like those passed to protect against sex trafficking and prostitution, inadvertently interfere with the rights of consenting adults, according to some sex workers and some members of the BDSM community.4
Technology is also having an effect on federal laws related to sex. For example, there is a bill trying to make its way through Congress that would make it illegal to sell and use lifelike sex dolls and robots made to resemble minors.5 Federal legislation is constantly changing, so sexual activity that is illegal now may not be in the future, and yet to be regulated activity may be illegal at some point.
The sourced articles below should provide more information on the role of the federal government in regulating sexual activity.
Footnotes: 1. "The Work of Equality," thenation.com, 5/3/2017; 2. aclu.org, accessed 3/5/2019; 3. "Citizen's Guide To U.S. Federal Law On Obscenity," justice.gov, 12/19/2018; 4. "Woodhull Speaks Out On BDSM Court Decision," woodhullfoundation.org, 3/8/2016; 5. "House Passes Bill Targeting Child Sex Robots," washingtontimes.com, 6/14/2018
Why Sodomy Laws Matter
"The Impact of the Lawrence Decision
All this should change with the Lawrence decision. Lawrence only directly invalidates sodomy ['anal or oral copulation with a member of the same or opposite sex,' m-w.com, 3/14/2019] laws in the four states that have laws that only apply to gay people: Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Kansas. But the equal protection clause forbids subtle discrimination just as much as it forbids obvious discrimination. And there isn't much that is subtle about the government saying that a sodomy law justifies taking your children away because you are gay. Either the law in fact applies to everybody-in which case, it provides no justification for treating gay people differently at all-or it applies just to gay people-in which case, it cannot survive today's ruling." ["Lawrence v. Texas, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (6–3) on June 26, 2003, that a Texas state law criminalizing certain intimate sexual conduct between two consenting adults of the same sex was unconstitutional. The sodomy laws in a dozen other states were thereby invalidated," britannica.com, 3/14/2019]
American Civil Liberties Union, aclu.org, accessed on 3/5/2019
Being indicted in federal court is something that will change your life. The charges are more severe and the process is different than being charged in state court. A few examples of federal sex crimes would be:
– Sex Tourism- going to a foreign country and engaging in sexual acts that are illegal in the United States such as having sex with a child.
– Child Pornography- Various federal organizations engage in sting operations, this can include the FBI or the US Post Office, which involves purchasing pornography that either travels over state lines or using the phone or mail system to purchase the pornography."
Kohlmeyer Hagen Law Office, khmnlaw.com, accessed on 3/5/2019
Government Officials Have No Idea How To Regulate The Growing Sex-Robot Industry
"It is not clear whether anyone in the US already owns a childlike sex robot. But even the possibility of child sex robots prompted a bipartisan House bill, the Curbing Realistic Exploitative Electronic Pedophilic Robots Act, or CREEPER. Introduced in 2017, it passed unanimously six months later." [Not signed into law as of 3/14/2019]
Francis X. Shen, businessinsider.com, 2/12/2019
Congress Ramps Up War On Sex Workers And Their Customers With Secret Votes On Four New 'Protection' Laws
"The national plan to 'end demand' for prostitution was part of the massive 'Frederick Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection Reauthorization Act,' ['01/08/2019 Became Public Law No: 115-425, congress.gov] which cleared the Senate Monday through a secret vote of the sort civil libertarians have long opposed. Congress is now 'strengthening federal efforts' to be tough on sex buyers, based on the false idea that customers of consenting adult sex workers drive demand for minors. All state and local cops, prosecutors, and judges are to be trained on 'best practices for prosecuting buyers' of sex and how to use asset forfeiture in these cases. A federal working group on the study of sex-buyer arrests will also be created, and grants related to human trafficking must include language encouraging those working on demand-reduction efforts to apply."
Elizabeth Nolan Brown, reason.com, 12/21/2018
Citizen's Guide To U.S. Federal Law On Obscenity
"18 U.S.C. § 1460- Possession with intent to sell, and sale, of obscene matter on Federal property …
18 U.S.C. § 1463- Mailing indecent matter on wrappers or envelopes
18 U.S.C. § 1464- Broadcasting obscene language …
18 U.S.C. § 1466- Engaging in the business of selling or transferring obscene matter
18 U.S.C. § 1466A- Obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children …
18 U.S.C. § 1468- Distributing obscene material by cable or subscription television …
18 U.S.C. § 1470- Transfer of obscene material to minors …
18 U.S.C. § 2252C Misleading words or digital images on the Internet
The U.S. Supreme Court established the test that judges and juries use to determine whether matter is obscene in three major cases: Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, 24-25 (1973); Smith v. United States, 431 U.S. 291, 300-02, 309 (1977); and Pope v. Illinois, 481 U.S. 497, 500-01 (1987). The three-pronged Miller test is as follows:
1. Whether the average person, applying contemporary adult community standards, finds that the matter, taken as a whole, appeals to prurient interests (i.e., an erotic, lascivious, abnormal, unhealthy, degrading, shameful, or morbid interest in nudity, sex, or excretion);
2. Whether the average person, applying contemporary adult community standards, finds that the matter depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way (i.e., ultimate sexual acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, masturbation, excretory functions, lewd exhibition of the genitals, or sado-masochistic sexual abuse); and
3. Whether a reasonable person finds that the matter, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
Any material that satisfies this three-pronged test may be found obscene."
U.S. Department of Justice, justice.gov, updated 12/19/2018
"Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 ('Title IX'), 20 U.S.C. §1681 et seq., is a Federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities. All public and private elementary and secondary schools, school districts, colleges, and universities (hereinafter 'schools') receiving any Federal funds must comply with Title IX. Under Title IX, discrimination on the basis of sex can include sexual harassment or sexual violence, such as rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, and sexual coercion."
U.S. Department of Education, ed.gov, 9/25/2018
House Passes Bill Targeting Child Sex Robots
"The House of Representatives on Wednesday [6/13/2018] passed a bill prohibiting the importation and interstate sale of realistic sex dolls and robots designed to resemble children. Introduced by Rep. Dan Donovan, New York Republican, the Curbing Realistic Exploitative Electronic Pedophilic Robots Act of 2017, or 'CREEPER Act,' would rein in the sale of so-called 'child sex robots' if passed in the Senate and signed into law, putting the U.S. on path to potentially follow Australia and the U.K. in adopting similar measures."
Andrew Blake, washingtontimes.com, 6/14/2018
Position On FOSTA-SESTA And Its Impact On Consensual Sex Work And The Chilling Of Sexual Speech
"On April 11, 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed into law the Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act and the Stop Enabling Sex Trafficking Act (hereafter, FOSTA-SESTA). The law purports to address the scourge of sex trafficking by, in the language of the legislation, 'clarify[ing]' section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230, commonly known as the Communications Decency Act of 1996). Section 230 was originally inserted as a 'safe harbor' provision in order to provide to websites and internet forums immunity from liability for the actions and posts of their users. FOSTA-SESTA removes this immunity in cases of potential sex trafficking, forcing sites and platforms to remove or censor any user content that could, per the language of the law, 'promote and facilitate prostitution.' As numerous commentators and advocates have pointed out, the term prostitution is undefined within FOSTA-SESTA, leading to a sweeping and unproductive conflation of sex trafficking and consensual sex work, …"
American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists, aasect.org, 4/11/2018
What The FOSTA/SESTA Anti-Sex Trafficking Bill Means
"FOSTA/SESTA was birthed thanks to a case against Backpage.com, a classifieds website. In 2016, executives of Backpage were arrested on charges of pimping a minor, pimping, and conspiracy to commit pimping. Prosecutors claimed that Backpage was primarily developed to facilitate illegal sex work, but the court dismissed the case citing Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. From that came FOSTA/SESTA. … Human trafficking, whether sexual or the less publicized but more common examples like forced labor or debt bondage, does need to be addressed. The real question is, will punishing the forums on which sex workers find community and safety be effective in preventing sex trafficking?"
Kitty Stryker, teenvogue.com, 3/27/2018
What Is CDC's Rape Prevention And Education (RPE) Program?
"The RPE [Rape Prevention And Education] program provides funding to state health departments in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. RPE recipients work collaboratively with diverse stakeholders, including state sexual violence coalitions, educational institutions, rape crisis centers, community organizations and other state agency partners to guide implementation of their state sexual violence prevention efforts."
Department of Health & Human Services, cdc.gov, 3/1/2018
New Name, Same Harm: Rebranding Of Federal Abstinence-Only Programs
"In February 2018, the Title V abstinence-only program (which expired briefly in September 2017) was renewed for two more years at $75 million annually under the new name of 'sexual risk avoidance education.' Congress eliminated the 'abstinence education' definition, replacing it with similarly motivated topics that the program must address, including 'the advantage of refraining from nonmarital sexual activity in order to improve the future prospects and physical and emotional health of youth'; 'the increased likelihood of avoiding poverty when youth attain self-sufficiency and emotional maturity before engaging in sexual activity'; and in the context of preventing sexual coercion and dating violence, 'recognizing that even with consent teen sex remains a youth risk behavior.' Additionally, the program specifies information that must be withheld from students, requiring that 'the education does not include demonstrations, simulations, or distribution of contraceptive devices.'"
Jesseca Boyer, guttmacher.org, 2/28/2018
Today's Porn: Not A Constitutional Right; Not A Human Right
"Both federal and state laws prohibit distribution of obscene material and those who do distribute can be prosecuted. But what is 'obscene material' or, rather, when is something 'obscene' instead of merely 'pornographic?' That is the key question in a prosecution. Not all pornography is obscene and not all depictions of nudity or sexual activity is pornographic. Indeed, individual opinions on what constitutes pornography differ widely as do opinions on what constitutes obscene material."
Patrick Trueman, digitalcommons.uri.edu, 7/2017
Legal Censure Of Unconventional Expressions Of Love And Sexuality; Finding A Place In The Law For BDSM.
"In 2016, it is hard to believe that the law could still criminalize the private sexual activity of consenting adults. Such prohibitions are immediately suspect within a system that values privacy and individual liberty, but even more so following the Supreme Court's ruling in Lawrence v. Texas, which recognized the criminalization of sodomy as unconstitutional. Despite such a significant legal development, practitioners of BDSM, a practice that often involves an element of pain incorporated into a sexual encounter, remain at risk of criminal prosecution for their private, consensual sexual activities." ["…bondage, domination, submission/sadism, masochism," ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 3/12/2012]
Anne Onoma, uchastings.edu, 2017
Sex And The Constitution
"The title, Sex and the Constitution, minimizes both the scope and importance of this book. … The final three parts of the book focus explicitly on how judges have interpreted the Constitution in the areas of sexual expression, reproductive freedom, and sexual orientation from around 1960 to the present."
Geoffrey R. Stone, Robert P Holley, Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy, American Library Association, journals.ala.org, 2017
Woodhull Speaks Out On BDSM Court Decision
"Since Lawrence v. Texas, the law has been clear that citizens have a right to engage in whatever sort of consensual sexual activity they choose within the privacy of their own homes as long as money is not involved. The recent Virginia ruling, however, found that there is 'no constitutionally protected and judicially enforceable fundamental liberty interest under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to engage in BDSM sexual activity.' The states are thus free to regulate BDSM conduct, under this analysis. 'The minute we heard the court decision we began to bring together a team of attorneys to evaluate Woodhull's response, and get the word out regarding the potential danger posed by this decision. We have been warning about the current hostile climate towards sexual expression, and the risks to fundamental human rights. We have also been preparing.'"
Woodhull Freedom Foundation, woodhullfoundation.org, 3/8/2016


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Azure, C# and Everything .Net: Local Storage != Offline?
I'm tinkering with at Dojo Offline Toolkit now. It seems that Dojo Offline integrates with Google Gears as well. I didn't suspect "Offline" [or "Offlining"] might be greater than Local Storage. Dumb me!
Yeah, Dojo 0.9.0 download has GearsStorageProvider & FlashStorageProvider scripts under dojox\storage folder [No SilverlightProvider yet].
Aside: Dojo 0.9.0's archive is a *.tar.gz file. I used UltimateZip Command Line 1.0 to unzip it.
Note that only the GearsStoreProvider works with 0.9 as of now; I need volunteers to help port the old FlashStorageProvider from Dojo 0.4 to 0.9.
I'd love to spend some time on it... Can you guide me on this? If possible, just give me some bullets - directions - and I would look into what I can do and get back to you.
And from what I understand on the porting book 0.4-0.9 that there are "core" things - such as the event system - etc. have changed from 0.4-0.9. And since, 0.9 is not backwards compatible, we need to "upgrade" the old code.
I deduce that this understanding might be incorrect as I am unable to explain was how my 0.9 release source contains Flash storage providers.


text:
Usa Companies
› Made in america companies list
› American owned companies
› American owned companies in america
› List of american made product companies
› Clothing companies made in usa
Listing Websites about Usa Companies
List of largest companies in the United States by revenue
(7 days ago) 501 rows · List of largest companies. Below are the 500 largest companies by revenue in 2020, according to the Fortune 500 list, also including tax inversion companies. There are also corporations having foundation in the United States, such as corporate headquarters, operational headquarters and independent subsidiaries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_the_United_States_by_revenue
Companies in the United States - Company List
(8 days ago) Over 195,000 Companies in the United States covering Business Services, Health & Medical, Construction & Real Estate, Home & Garden, Agriculture, and more.
https://companylist.org/United_States/
Category: Construction, Medical, Real estate Show Companies
The American List Made in USA Companies Made in
(2 days ago) Discover 800+ Made in USA companies! Shop Made in America Homewares, Made in USA Clothes, American Made Apparel, Jeans, Denim, Swimsuits, Board Shorts, Footwear, Shoes, Food, Tools, Pet Items. Proudly dedicated to the American Worker since 2013.
https://www.madeinamerica.co/pages/thelist
USA Company Directory 2021 - Top US Companies and Business
(2 days ago) USA Company Directory is the United States-based online business listing directory that provides listings for local businesses near me or top us companies. It offers a broad range of marketing tools including online presence, local search and display ads.
https://usacompanydirectory.com/
Largest American companies by market capitalization
(8 days ago) 101 rows · This is the list of the largest companies in the USA by market capitalization. Only …
https://companiesmarketcap.com/usa/largest-companies-in-the-usa-by-market-cap/
Fortune 500 list of companies 2021 Fortune
(1 days ago) Map This The United States of F500. Ever wonder how many Fortune 500 companies are in your state? (Or how often those companies made the cut …
https://fortune.com/fortune500/
Made in USA Companies + American Made Products MAM
(3 days ago) The businesses on this page have been vetted & MAM Approved (not certified) by us. They are makers, retailers, brands, mom & pop shops carrying Made in USA products. They are other Made in USA directories, distributors or suppliers of domestically sourced raw materials. They are general manufacturers, service providers.
https://www.themadeinamericamovement.com/made-in-usa-companies/
All-USA: Business directory of all companies and
(Just Now) We offer you the most comprehensive list of businesses, places and organizations in all states of the USA. All USA. Contact us. Nevada. Hawaii. Missouri. South Dakota. Minnesota. Florida. California. Companies 49684. Arizona. Localities 360 Companies 310322. Arkansas. Localities 656 Companies 124111. California. Localities 1571 Companies
https://all-usa.org/
What is the American equivalent to companies house? - Quora
(2 days ago) Answer (1 of 3): A2A In the U.S., formation of corporations and other business entities takes place at the state, rather than national, level (plus the District of Columbia). The relevant state agency typically is called the Secretary of State, the Department of Corporations, or something simil
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-American-equivalent-to-companies-house
Top 30 US companies in the S&P 500 index 2021 - Disfold
(3 days ago) In the United States, corporations get publicly listed on stock exchanges to gain access to capital from stock market investors. By agreeing to comply with the regulations imposed by the Securities Exchange Commission – SEC -, these companies get their stocks quoted on stock exchanges, the institutions in charge of ensuring proper market conditions for the trading …
https://disfold.com/top-us-companies-sp500/
Companies United States - Manta.com
(4 days ago) Companies in the United States U. S. Manta has 16,311,020 companies in the United States. Browse Categories. Advertising and Marketing (85,170) Aerospace (7,527) Agriculture (747,877) Apparel (49,050) Automotive Services (566,458) …
https://www.manta.com/mb
Category: Auto Show Companies
Here Are 100+ Brands That Are Made in the USA
(9 days ago) 100+ Brands and Stores Made in the USA These 100+ brands and stores are made in the USA. If you're in the patriotic spirit, or just want to support American small businesses, here's a list of companies to consider!
https://clark.com/shopping-retail/american-made-in-the-usa/
Made in America Directory - Alliance for American
(4 days ago) 3M was among the major American companies to ramp up its production of critical personal protective equipment like N95 masks in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The company makes N95 masks at two facilities in the United States. But be sure to check the label, as it also imports masks from factories located overseas.
https://www.americanmanufacturing.org/made-in-america/
Top 25 Largest Companies in United States
(Just Now) The United States has the largest economy in the world with annual GDP of over 20 trillion. It is an advanced country with technology and army power. Thousands of companies were born in the United States and headquartered in notable cities.
https://www.worldlistmania.com/top-25-largest-companies-united-states/
List of Companies - SEC
(5 days ago) The Bank of New York Company, Inc. Bank One Corporation Banknorth Group, Inc. Banta Corporation Barnes & Noble, Inc. Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Baxter International Inc. BB&T Corporation The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. Beazer Homes USA, Inc. Beckman Coulter, Inc. Becton, Dickinson and Company Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Belk, Inc.
https://www.sec.gov/rules/other/4-460list.htm
Category: Bank Show Companies
Made in USA Products American Manufacturer and Brands List
(2 days ago) A list of American brands & manufacturers that engineer, assemble and/or make products in the USA. 3000+ made in USA companies and growing. Products Made in USA You might be asking yourself who still makes products in America?, well, we are compiling lists of companies that design, engineer, assemble and/or 100% make products here in the USA.
https://www.usamadeproducts.biz/
US Business Database - List of Companies in USA - 95
(2 days ago) Our US Business Database is a powerful tool that will help you with your marketing needs. Our business database is a compiled list of companies from United States across all U.S states. Our business list can be used in various ways such as generating sales lead, building a business directory, market research, telemarketing, job seeking, business analysis and other b2b …
https://www.uscompanieslist.com/
List of largest companies by revenue - Wikipedia
(6 days ago) This list comprises the world's largest companies by consolidated 2020 revenue, according to the Fortune Global 500 latest tally published in August 2021. American retail corporation Walmart has been the world's largest company by revenue since 2013.. The list is limited to the top 50 companies, all of which have annual revenues exceeding US$121 billion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_by_revenue
Best Wholesale Made In USA Vendors - WholesaleCentral.com
(9 days ago) Sylvania, Alabama United States. Buy direct from an American Manufacturer! Men's, Women's and Children's socks, Crew Socks, Quarter socks, Golf socks, Sport socks, Cotton socks, Wool socks, Diabetic socks, Athletic Socks, and Cotton Socks. We are your number one source for socks. Made in USA! Call us today at (256) 845-4411.
https://www.wholesalecentral.com/Made-In-USA.html
USA Top Companies by Market Cap as on 2021
(2 days ago) Apple Company designs, manufactures and markets smartphones, laptops, personal computers, tablets, smart watches, wearables and accessories and sells music products. Headquarters is in USA. Apple market value crossed 2.2 Trillion USD as on Jan-01-2021 and became World Number 1 company by Market Value.
https://www.value.today/headquarters/united-states-america-usa
USA Company Search Info-clipper.com
(7 days ago) The online US company database is the largest available : more than 70 million U.S. businesses. Information reports include credit risk scoring, payment history, default scoring, directors, financial links (more than 3 million corporate family trees)
http://www.info-clipper.com/en/company/search/united-states.us.html
10 Largest Clothing Companies In America And The World
(7 days ago) The company controls 55% of the US backpack market across all of its brands, making it a major player in the clothing industry. Across all of their brands, they employ more than 50,000 people as of 2019. Find VF Corporation Jobs Near Me. PVH. New York City, NY Annual sales: $8.9 billion. PVH is another huge corporation with many brands under
https://www.zippia.com/advice/largest-clothing-companies/
Category: Clothing Show Companies
Top 500 Manufacturing Companies USA - Trucker Path
(9 days ago) 101 United States Steel Corp. Fabricated Metal Products 102 Baxter International Inc. Medical Instruments & Equipment 103 Baker Hughes Inc. Machinery 104 Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Chemicals 105 Hormel Foods Corp. Food Top 500 Manufacturing Companies USA
https://truckerpath.com/uploads/2017/08/Top-500-Manufacturing-Companies-USA.pdf
Category: Medical, Manufacturing Show Companies
Top 100+ IT Services Companies in the US - Reviews 2022
(Just Now) Skelia is an international leader in building stable cross-border organizations and affiliate companies in Eastern-Europe. For over a decade, Skelia has provided IT and Engineering staff augmentation services to a diverse range of clients—from start-ups to Fortune 500 companies.
https://www.goodfirms.co/it-services/usa
Top Jewelry Manufacturers and Companies in the USA
(5 days ago) Company Summaries. Stuller, Inc. was founded in 1970 and operates in North America, Spain, and Thailand. The company manufactures standard jewelry pieces for wholesale purchase and is also discussed below as a supplier of custom pieces.
https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/top-suppliers/jewelry-manufacturers-and-companies/
U.S. Industry Spotlights SelectUSA.gov
(6 days ago) The United States is home to the most innovative and productive companies in the world, forming a diverse and competitive group of industry sectors. The U.S. industries highlighted here are exceptionally dynamic and represent key opportunities for global growth and success. Aerospace.
https://www.selectusa.gov/industries
US & Canadian companies Financial Times
(1 days ago) US companies tipped for strong earnings season despite growing threats. Growth expected for nine of 11 sectors on the S&P 500, even as inflation bites. Save. Wednesday, 12 January, 2022.
https://www.ft.com/companies/us
List of Top 50 largest companies in USA Datasets by BoldData
(7 days ago) Our USA companies list is the most accurate way to help marketeers and sales teams succeed in their business initiatives. If you are a business professional or marketer planning to sell your services or solutions to the businesses in the USA, our Americas companies list can help you to scale up your efforts.
https://bolddata.nl/en/companies/usa/
Made in the USA Products Directory for American Made Items
(9 days ago) A Made in the USA products Directory. This website is dedicated to products that are American Made. All of the products found here are Made in America. The directory has Toys, Clothes, Tools, Shoes, and much more all made in the USA
https://americansworking.com/
The List of "Stuff We Love, Made in the USA" - USA Love List
(3 days ago) Looking for a list of Made in USA products? Start here. Believe it or not, there are too many American Made products to list, but we have gathered every brand we can find making "Stuff We Love, Made in USA". There are over 4000 brands listed here with more added daily. Click to see what they are making in the USA.
https://www.usalovelist.com/list/
Lists of companies - Wikipedia
(8 days ago) List of CAx companies. List of casinos. List of Champagne houses. List of clock manufacturers. List of coffee companies. List of computer hardware manufacturers. List of computer system manufacturers. List of concentrating solar thermal power …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_companies
United States Top Startups 2501 - 2600 - WealthLift
(1 days ago) The top startups for United States 2501 - 2600 in Startup Ranking featuring startups/companies like WealthLift, CorpWriting, Grab My Coupons, Pike, Affiliate Army, Techarex Networks, Cnverg.
https://www.startupranking.com/top/united-states/26
List of companies in United States - Powrbot data
(5 days ago) Doing a US company search is instrumental when planning expansion into any area of the world. Why? Many international companies are in fact American. Getting to know the company deals is a great way to find business partners and establish connections.
https://powrbot.com/companies/list-of-companies-in-united-states/
All American Made Clothing
(6 days ago) Sale. AA101L - Men's Original Jean - Medium Stonewash - Made in USA $44.95 $64.95. Fox River Steel-Toe Heavyweight Crew - 2 Pack $15.95. Tshirt with Pocket - Made in USA from $14.95. Quilt-Lined Camo Hooded Hunting Jacket $125.99. All American Clothing Co. - Cotton Tee from $13.95. Womens Cotton Spandex Yoga Pant from $22.95.
https://www.allamericanclothing.com/
United States Company Search - CorporatesFinder
(6 days ago) Company Search. Company Name, ID, Keyword. Choose State. All States Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Florida Georgia Indiana Maryland Michigan North Carolina Nevada New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Utah Virginia Washington.
https://corporatesfinder.com/search/
USA Clothing Manufacturer: Wholesale USA Clothes
(1 days ago) Best USA Clothing Manufacturer. At USA Clothing Manufacturers, we are here to deliver you the best of men's, women's, and children's clothing. We are one of the top USA clothing manufacturers, we bring the latest designs, quality, trends and color to make sure you get the very best. Workout Clothes. Flannel Clothing.
https://www.usaclothingmanufacturers.com/
US Company Formation, Types of Businesses USA Corporate
(3 days ago) to restrictions. All US corporations have to file at least a federal tax return each year. Many states also require an annual tax return as well.Business corporations are always a C corporation at the time of formation. If all the shareholders qualify, and all the shareholders want to, the corporation can elect to become an "S" corporation .
https://www.usa-corporate.com/start-us-company-non-resident/entity-types/
Our Companies - Comfort Systems USA
(4 days ago) Comfort Systems USA is a leading building and service provider for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing building systems. In June 1997, the company went public with 12 operating companies. Today, we are composed of more than 35 operating companies in over 140 locations across the United States. Our tremendous growth has been accomplished by
https://comfortsystemsusa.com/our-companies/
List of top United States Cannabis Companies - Crunchbase
(3 days ago) Location United States, North America. CB Rank (Hub) 3,624. Number of Founders 1,132. Average Founded Date Aug 19, 2014. Percentage Acquired 13%. Percentage of Public Organizations 7%. Percentage Non-Profit 0%. Number of For-Profit Companies 1,148. Number of Non-profit Companies 6.
https://www.crunchbase.com/hub/united-states-cannabis-companies
U.S. businesses, now owned by China - CBS News
(4 days ago) U.S.-China Market relations 01:29. So once again, a Chinese company could make a shrewd deal for $2.7 billion and a modest cash infusion and, in this case, own an American company with $104
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-u-s-m-a-its-a-one-way-street/
70+ Apparel Companies Whose Clothing is 100% Made In The U
(4 days ago) The Frye Company – Their "Made in the USA" collection of shoes is very popular as each pair is designed to last forever (or close to it). Lucchese Boots -The Lucchese family has been making high-quality boots for over 130 years, all …
https://www.rather-be-shopping.com/blog/american-clothing-made-in-the-usa/
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1. First Julie says it's all about primers. Many designers wanted all eyes to be on the clothes, so their models wore no foundation, instead going heavy on the Primer. To achieve this no makeup look, Julie says start with a primer. She uses Clarins Pore Control Serum to help reduce oil production and minimize pores. Next she says get a good primer to even out the texture of the skin. Julie likes Clarins SOS primer in Coral. Lastly, Julie says set it with Urban Decay All-Nighter Setting Spray. This will give your skin a dewy fishing and will keep your makeup on all day long.
2. Another Trend on the Runway this year was a bold shiny lip! Julie says achieve this look by wearing one of her favorite lipsticks – Chanel Rouge Double Intensite Ultra Wear. It's high shine, high gloss and super pigmented to ensure it stays put!
3. Another trend seen all over the runway was Lashes, the chunkier the better! Models were wearing loads and loads of mascara, especially on the lower lash line. Julie says there's a right way to do this and uses her favorite mascara, L'Oréal Voluminous carbon black.
Julie has teamed up with Clarins and is giving away a gift basket worth $250. Click here to enter to win!


Mari Hannah will hit the road once again to host the North's biggest book club! She'll be discussing Michael Connelly's debut, The Black Echo, in various libraries. Free tickets and a free book - everyone's invited!
Acclaimed psychotherapist Philippa Perry joins us in April to discuss why relationships are so important for our happiness. Is it true we are blind to our own faults, but hyper-vigilant to other people's?
"She has the gift of making time stand still" - The Strad.
We couldn't agree more! Watch this beautiful performance of Méditation at Night of the Proms ahead of Jennifer's appearance at the Sunday Series with Festival Favourite Martin Roscoe.
Weekend and Day Rovers now SOLD OUT!


text:
Tiffany and the game relationship
Tiffney Cambridge Wiki At Age Married Or Casually Dating Boyfriend? Details
Game dating history, , , list of Game relationships. Game has been engaged to Valeisha Butterfield () and Tiffany Webb ( - ). Game. Marrying the Game is an American reality television series that aired on VH1 and premiered on two children together and were preparing to walk down the aisle. The second season follows the couple after Tiffney called off the wedding, moved out of the family home with their kids and as they work to fix their relationship. Find if Tiffney Cambridge is married after dating fiance, The Game. believed in that and hence moved forward with her relationship with him.
And even though Jayceon and I have had a relationship for the past 11, I never stopped working.
Tiffney Cambridge – The Game's Ex- GF
Even when I was doing the reality show Marrying the Game, and I had that extra income, I never stopped working. Even when things were good between the two of us, I never stopped working. And I think now that we're not together, you can clearly see why that's important! You have to establish your own identity.
GOAL-Digger: Here's Why Tiffney Cambridge Is More Than Just A "Rapper's Ex" - xoNecole
You have to be able to create your own income. You have to be able to take care of yourself. It has always been important to me to be self-sufficient, my mother raised me that way. My grandmother raised my mother that way--to never depend on a man to provide everything for you. Because then what if you find yourself in a situation where you are no longer with that man, it's like, then what do you do? Even though I'm not in a situation where I'm in a relationship with my child's father, I'm still able to maintain my lifestyle.
What are your thoughts on him saying that? I think it's interesting. Knowing Jayceon and the type of person that he is, knowing the type of women that he deals and has dealt with in the past, he is not going to be interested past a certain visual or past maybe a fling with any woman that is not really career minded or career oriented. Game on his new dating show, 'She's Got Game' "He'll play with you.
Have a couple of dates with you, maybe give you a little exposure by means of dating you or whatever. But that's where it is going to stop with him. I don't think he takes women seriously period, in my opinion. He is named 'Game' for a reason.
But I feel also that he doesn't, at all, take 95 percent of the women he dates seriously.
It's a joke to him. As a matter of fact, one time, we were in a conversation about his choices in women, and he told me, 'These women to me are like dishrags. I wipe my forehead off with them, I wipe my counter off with them, and then I'm done with them.
And I think his behavior towards the women that he associates himself with are very indicative of that. The women that I have known him to be respectful towards or to be serious about, I can name them on one hand.
And they're none of the women that we have seen him out lately with. You did say, though, that you feel it is difficult for him to get close to any woman.
Do you feel there is a flaw in his "the real woman are int he workplace" concept? Because sometimes passing time with certain women makes you pass on a good opportunity. He has had the privilege of traveling all around and so the access and the availability of women to him is there. And I think that it takes a level of strength, and a level of discipline and maturity to be able to say, 'Yes, you're pretty, and yes you have a nice body; however, this is what I have at home,' and I'm not sure, at this point, if he's at that level in his growth process.
As a career woman, how true do you think it is that sometimes we do get in our own way of dating.
Tiffney Cambridge- The Game's Ex- Girlfriend (Bio, Wiki)
For example, have you been able to find a balance between career and dating? And how important do you think it is for women to find a balance? Tiffany with her daughter, Cali I think that for me, I may be a little guilty of that, because since the book has been out, and I have a full time job and I am a full time mother, my time for dating is limited. My goal right now is to be a positive role model to my five-year-old daughter Calilynn Dream Taylorto my eight-year-old son King Justice Taylor and to be there for them.
I also have 30 kids [students] looking at me everyday. Right now, he is just preparing for basketball season and going to school. He has a lot of challenging work and is trying to keep up with his studies and get ready for junior high, but the kids are always together. It gives me a lot of respect at the school because for some reason I get listened to a lot more now that I was on TV.
It has its good sides and down sides. The children are very-well mannered and good. A lot of people would say, she was in a relationship with a rapper for years, why is she still teaching? Education is my passion. I think to be educating the youth [is] very important. Even though I do have other opportunities and other jobs, teaching is a passion that that is intrinsic, it comes from my heart.
So this is just my service to my community, to the world. I think that we are all giving to kids. We are co-parenting, we are friends, we are not in a relationship, and we are in a good space.
Did you watch it? Did you guys have any sort of talk about him doing the show? No, that was not my cup of tea. Did it annoy you or bother you that he was doing a dating show?
Would you be open to returning to TV with him?
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Page last updated at 06:46 GMT, Tuesday, 17 March 2009
ICC Women's World Cup, Drummoyne Oval, Sydney:
England 236-8 (50 overs) bt West Indies 90 (38.2 overs) by 146 runs
Wicketkeeper Taylor top-scored as England continued their unbeaten run
England thrashed West Indies by 146 runs to book their place in the Women's World Cup final - with one game of the Super Six phase still to be played.
Their opponents will be decided on Thursday - with New Zealand in pole position ahead of Australia and India.
Sarah Taylor (78) and Caroline Atkins (50) added 134 for the first wicket, while Claire Taylor hit 65 as England made 236-8 after winning the toss.
In reply, the Windies were skittled for 90 as spinner Laura Marsh took 3-17.
It is the first time England have qualified for a World Cup final since they won the trophy in 1993 - while the victory extended their unbeaten one-day international run to 17 matches.
They're an inspiration and I have to say a cut above all of the oppostition to date. Looking forward to the final!
Crickomaster
England might have hoped for an even bigger total before losing both their openers within four deliveries as four wickets fell for 11 runs.
But although no-one below the top three reached double figures, Claire Taylor - playing her 107th one-day international - farmed the strike successfully to smash six fours and two sixes, making 65 from 56 balls before being trapped lbw by Pamela Lavine in the final over.
The Windies, who have won only one of their five games at the tournament, used nine bowlers as they tried to restrict England's scoring.
Left-arm seamer Shanel Daley was the pick of the attack with 3-31, although she was unable to bat because of injury.
The West Indies lost captain Merissa Aguilleira for a duck when she was run out by wicketkeeper Sarah Taylor in the fifth over.
Wickets tumbled at regular intervals as England kept an iron grip on the game, with seamer Katherine Brunt conceding only seven runs from her six overs, while captain Charlotte Edwards sent down 10 overs of leg-spin for only 12 runs.
As in the England innings, only three players reached double figures - and it was down to teenager Deandra Dottin (23), who hit a six, to give the score a modicum of respectability.
We're definitely excited to have got this far - but it's not over yet
But it was Marsh who claimed three of the last four wickets to fall as Edwards' team marched on to Sunday's final.
Edwards said: "We're now closer to our goal than we have ever been.
"We've still only done half a job though and we need to keep focused to finish it off on Sunday.
"I'm delighted for all the players - it has been years of hard work and I hope it will be memorable!"
"We're definitely excited to have got this far - but it's not over yet," insisted coach Mark Lane.
New Zealand are close to securing their place in the final
"Credit must go to everyone who has put all the hard work in. There is still so much more to do though.
"We've made the final but not won it. We still need a big performance on Sunday which no doubt we can produce."
Sports Minister Gerry Sutcliffe said: "England's women have been the team to beat since the 2009 World Cup began - but they have out-scored and out-bowled all their rivals so far.
"Charlotte Edwards and her team-mates deserve huge credit for reaching the final with this latest win against the West Indies - so maintaining their unblemished record.
"Whoever they play in Sunday's final I know they will give another 100% performance to try and bring the Women's World Cup to England for the first time since 1993."
In Tuesday's other game, New Zealand edged to a five-wicket win over India to leave themselves on target to reach the final.
Having bowled India out for 207, the White Ferns reached their target with 14 balls to spare.
Opener Kate Pulford top-scored with 71, while Suzie Bates saw her side home with 47 not out.
New Zealand, who won the Cup in 2000, know that a win over Pakistan in their final Super Six game on Thursday will guarantee them a place in the final with England.
But defeat for the Kiwis could let in Australia or India - if either manage to beat England or West Indies respectively.
Australia kept their hopes alive on Monday by defeating Pakistan by 107 runs, despite resting captain Karen Rolton.
Women's World Cup photos
England women stroll to India win


Errors in calculation of division of pensions and 401(k) savings accounts sometimes surface after a divorce is completed. Perhaps the qualified domestic relations order (QDRO) was done incorrectly or incompletely. Contact a divorce attorney at Budlong & Budlong, LLC, for advice on how to proceed in this case.
Perhaps you have learned that your spouse failed to account for all assets during the discovery phase of your divorce. He or she may not have reported all stocks and bonds, business assets, offshore assets or executive compensation to be paid in the future. Put our experience to work for you if you realize or discover that property division in your Connecticut divorce did not take into account all your spouse's assets.
You or the other parent may have experienced a work schedule change that is significant enough to warrant revisiting of your custody order. Emergency room doctors, flight attendants and military personnel, among others, sometimes have no choice but to ask for a modified child custody order in order to maintain contact with their children. Sometimes one parent is demonstrated to be unfit or becomes unavailable because of a jail sentence or any other reason. Talk over with an attorney your options for devising a new, workable child custody arrangement.
Has your income greatly decreased or has the other parent's income greatly increased? Do you have much higher expenses? Has your child developed special needs that require greater support? Any of these may be reasons to petition the court for a modified child support order. What if you need to renegotiate the funding of your children's higher education? While college tuition is not part of child support, it can be accounted for through property division agreements. If there is a compelling reason to bring this issue before a family law court in Connecticut, Budlong & Budlong, LLC, can help you through whatever legal procedures your case requires.
Alimony may be terminated when the recipient remarries or begins cohabiting with a new boyfriend or girlfriend. If you believe you should no longer need to pay spousal support — or if your spouse has stopped paying — talk to a lawyer at our Hartford family law firm. We can help you explore options for remedying the situation.
Do not assume there is no hope for change of a family law court order without consulting with an attorney first. Call 860-727-9900 or complete an online form to let us know of your concerns about post-judgment modifications.


The first item this time is a belated birthday wish for Maxine Knapp of Atwater.
The 90th birthday party for Maxine was held Oct. 6 at the Randolph Community Center. A proclamation, given by the Portage County commissioners declaring Oct. 6, 2012, throughout the county as Maxine Knapp Day, was read and presented by County Commissioner Maureen Frederick.
Guests in attendance looked at a storyboard display and video showing pictures past and present of Maxine's life. Instead of gifts, guests were asked to donate to the Atwater, Randolph, Suffield Food Shelf and as a result a carload of items was taken to the food bank.
The celebration was hosted by her children and attended by more than 150 people. The guests included all of her six children, eight of her 10 grandchildren and six of her 10 great grandchildren. Maxine and Donald, her husband of 69 years, got to spend time visiting with all the extended family and friends who were there, and would like to thank everyone for making her 90th birthday party so enjoyable and memorable!
From left, Portage County Commissioner Maureen Frederick, Maxine Knapp and Don Knapp during her party.
Don't forget the Randolph Holiday Market. The market will be held from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Dec. 1 at the Randolph Community Center, Senior Center and Town Hall. This year, the market will be organized by the Randolph Holiday Market. For more information, call 330-325-7338.
The spaces are filled by many great vendors. Each vendor is asked to provide an item to be used as a door prize for the event. Refreshments and lunch will be available. This annual market will be the best yet.
Santa will be stopping by to take your Christmas wishes and you may have your picture taken with him from 1 to 3 p.m. Please bring something that Santa can drop off at the Randolph, Suffield, Atwater Food Shelf to help others for Christmas.
The Waterloo Community Action Committee will be holding An Old Fashioned Christmas and Community Open House.
This WCAC event is being held to invite the entire community to see our school first-hand, meet and/or reunite with our local community members. WCAC's mission is to advocate a high standard of education for our children and promote school spirit and pride within our community.
All are welcome to participate including businesses, organizations, crafts, etc.
There will be activity stations for the little ones, ornament making, cookie decorating, face painting, vendors for the last-minute Christmas shopping local businesses, crafts, and more.
The Waterloo Band & Honors Choir will be performing throughout the event. Santa & Mrs. Claus will arrive at 3 p.m. for those last minute Christmas list wishes and pictures with Santa will be available to take home.
The event will be held from 2 to 6 p.m. Dec. 8. Setup starts at 1 p.m. in the Waterloo Elementary School's Cafetorium/Gym at 1464 Industry Road, Atwater.
For more information, check out the "Waterloo Community Action Committee" on Facebook.
Randolph, Suffield, Atwater Food Shelf is giving out Thanksgiving baskets today and still collecting donations for the Christmas season.
For more information about the food shelf operation, mission or making donations, call Gary at 330-325-7466, Joan at 330-325-9396 or Dan at 330-618-4072.
The Randolph Township Trustees are seeking residents who are interested in being considered for the Zoning Commission and the Board of Zoning Appeals. Send a letter of interest to P.O. Box 184, Randolph, OH 44265.
Further information may be obtained by calling 330-325-7338.


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Fulcrum Books
Classes, Events, Etc.
January 17th—It's An Interesting World
Boyd and Barbara Norton, author of Safari Journal and numerous other books, will take us on a world-wide tour. Starting in Africa we will visit Siberia, and look at the rain forests of Borneo and Peru. Boyd, who has published widely on photography and has led many tours and classes, will close with a discussion on learning to see and record, via camera, your trip to special places.
February 21—Wilderness and Mankind
Vance Martin, President of The WILD Foundation and Dr. Mark Serreze, of the National Snow and Ice Center will talk about the importance of wilderness, integrating human needs with wilderness conservation, the preservation of species, the nine World Wilderness Congresses, Global Warming, and getting involved in environmental and conservation issues.
March 20—On Leadership
Bob Baron and Bruce Paton, M.D. will discuss what is that special something that makes, or gives, a person the ability to lead, take the risks of an entrepreneur, or have a thirst for the unknown so as to set out and explore. Baron has authored several books, among them Pioneers and Plodders: The American Entrepreneurial Spirit. Dr. Paton has written Adventuring with Boldness: The Triumph of the Explorers and Lewis and Clark: Doctors in the Wilderness. Join them for a riveting session on leadership in business, medicine, exploration, sports, and politics.
April 17—Women and History
Craig Barnes, author of Growing Up True and In Search of the Lost Feminine, will provide a major reinterpretation of western culture and the role of women in society. A native Coloradan, Barnes has had an eclectic career ranging from trial lawyer, horse trainer and rancher, international negotiator to playwright. His most recent play, Queen Elizabeth I, was produced in Santa Fe to stand-up acclaim. We are privileged to have Craig share his views with us.
May 20—Politics Today
Gary Hart, former United States Senator and author of God and Caesar in America: An Essay on Religion and Politics and Under the Eagle's Wing: A National Security Strategy of the United States for 2009, will join us for a lively and informed discussion of the 2008 election. This is your opportunity to enhance your view of today's political scene. Gary Hart was a candidate for his party's nomination for president in 1984 and 1988. He represented the state of Colorado in the U.S. Senate from 1975 until 1987.
May 29—A Writers' and Readers' Day
Alan Geoffrion, author of the award winning book and movie, Broken Trail talks about the writing of novels and screenplays. For those of you who have always wanted to be a writer, and those who saw the movie and/or read the book, this is your opportunity to meet this talented author. Alan will share with us the ins and outs of writing. This is sure to be an inspiring day.
June 12—American Health Care
Former Governor Dick Lamm, author of Condition Critical: A New Moral Vision for Health Care discusses health care in America—it's status and future. Don't miss this stimulating and informative session on this high priority subject! You will come away with a new concept of, and the provoking solutions to, this vexing problem as it affects those of us in the "third/third" of life, as well as the thought of passing large amounts of debt onto our children and grandchildren.
Thursday, July 17—The Western Past
Kirk Johnson, author of Cruisin' the Fossil Freeway and Gas, Trees, and Car Turds, will lead a day on geology and paleontology. Vice president and chief curator at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Kirk also works with artists to create the prehistoric displays at the museum. This will be a truly fascinating journey that will stimulate your interest in the little noticed world of fossils.
Thursday, August 21—Twentieth Century American Literature
John Callahan, author of A Man You Could Love and executor of Ralph Ellison's literary estate, will lead a day on twentieth century American literature. Callahan, who teaches at Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon, is known nationally for his work in American literature. He has also been active in politics, running for U.S. Congress, and as Senator Eugene McCarthy's vice presidential candidate in Oregon. Please join us.
Thursday, September 25—Moving Ahead
Carol Batrus, author of When Elephants Fly: One Woman's Journey from Wall Street to Zululand, and Charlotte Baron, author of The Widow's Handbook: A Guide for Living, will spend a day talking about life changes and how you move ahead in a new situation.
Thursday, November 20—A Special Time
Ellie Greenberg and Fay Whitney, authors of A Time of Our Own: In Celebration of Women over Sixty, will spend time sharing research and ideas for the mature woman. Greenberg has devoted her career and community life to expanding access to opportunity for adults. Fay Whitney, who teaches at the University of Wyoming, joins her co-author in speaking about the results of their research into the new life available for women entering their "third trimester" of life. This will be an eye-opener for both men and women.
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Specsavers Richmond Contact Number 0870 042 0105
Need to call Specsavers in Richmond? Give the customer service team a call on 0870 042 0105.
This number will reroute you through our call forwarding service to the Specsavers Richmond call center staff who will be more than happy to help with all enquiries.
THIS WEBSITE AND TELEPHONE CONNECTION SERVICE NUMBER IS OPERATED BY 118 TELECOMS IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH, OR OPERATED BY, ANY COMPANY LISTED. A DIRECT NUMBER CAN BE OBTAINED FROM EACH OFFICIAL WEBSITE. If you do not wish to use this premium rate connection service, are disconnected or put on hold, we recommend you call using a direct number which can be found in the link above. Callers must be over 18 and have the bill payer's permission. 118Telecoms, Service provider helpline: 03303328963 Calls to our 0843 numbers cost 7p per minute plus your phone company's access charge. Calls to our 0870 numbers cost 13p per minute plus your phone company's access charge. Calls to our 0905 numbers COST £1.50 CONNECTION FEE PLUS £1.50 PER MINUTE PLUS YOUR PHONE PROVIDER'S ACCESS CHARGE. Specsavers Richmond:
To find the location of your local Specsavers store in Richmond.
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To make a complaint about a product or member of staff in the Richmond branch.
Richmond Specsavers Contact Number:
Richmond Specsavers Contact Number 0870 042 0105
Richmond Specsavers Helpline 0870 042 0105
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Specsavers Richmond Complaints:
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Telephone Number For Specsavers Richmond: 0870 042 0105
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Specsavers Richmond was launched back in 1984 on the island of Guernsey by a husband and wife team. The head office is still in Guernsey, but Specsavers now has over 1000 stores across the UK as well as parts of Europe and Australia. With plans to expand into new territories and extend product offerings whilst consolidating and building on the impressive growth already achieved, Specsavers is a business that is constantly pushing the boundaries on what it can deliver.
Richmond Specsavers mission is to be the best value opticians, exceeding customer expectations in satisfying their personal eyecare needs at affordable prices… simply, clearly and consistently.
Thanks for checking out the Richmond Specsavers Contact Number page.
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Litro Gas will not be privatised: Minister
In an emphatic response to UPFA MP Bandula Gunawardena, Finance Minister Ravi Karunanayake said there was no attempt at all to privatize Litro Gas Lanka Ltd.
The minister said that rather than privatizing Litro Gas, the government in fact had reduced the price of gas and brought it down even below tendered prices, but that some bankrupt politicians were making baseless allegations to score political brownie points.
"They do not know what they are talking about or saying. They come up with these baseless allegations during election time for political gain. During the Rajapaksa regime, two officials were drawing monthly salaries of Rs.500,000 each. Our directors draw a salary of Rs.200,000 each," he said.
The minister said he would sue Mr. Gunawardane for making unfounded allegations.
"I will send a letter of demands to him. During the Rajapaksa regime purchases were made at higher rates. None of those in the then government had the guts to raise these matters," he said and added that the open tender procedure was followed in this instance.
(Daily Mirror)
Home » Litro Gas will not be privatised: Minister


The 12th edition examine smart regulatory measures that regulators and policy makers can take to achieve broadband for all, foster innovation, and address the complexities and challenges of the broadband ecosystem. The advent of broadband has significantly changed the way we communicate, access information, share experiences and knowledge, make business and interact with each other. Sound broadband strategies and plans are now needed to ensure that all citizens can benefit from the new applications, services and businesses opportunities brought by a broadband world.
The individual chapters will focus on salient policy and regulatory areas such as setting national broadband policies, strategies and plans, open access regulation and strategies for financing universal broadband access and broadband enabled innovation, social media, m-banking, intellectual property rights and e-waste.
Chapter 9: E-waste and recycling: whose responsibility is it?


The Lodge has accommodation for 72 people in twin bunk rooms in three units. Each unit is equipped with own fully equipped kitchen including crockery, cutlery and cooking utensils. Clean mattresses ar on all bunks - guests are to bring their own bedding or sleeping bags.