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Interventional Pain Control in Cancer Pain Management
Joan Hester; Nigel Sykes; Sue Peat
学術・一般書 > 技術 > Medicine & health > Diseases
The effective management of pain from cancer is a top priority for patients, carers and healthcare professionals, and has been the subject of extensive research. Approximately two-thirds of cancer patients will experience severe pain, and many of them will have more than one pain. However, because of the increasing number of available treatments for cancer, patients are surviving for longer periods, and are developing complex consequences of their cancer and its treatment, such as central and peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes. Approximately 8 - 10% of cancer pain remains unrelieved by conventional means. Interventional cancer pain management implies the use of invasive techniques, such as neuraxial (epidural, intrathecal and intracerebroventricular) drug administration, brachial and lumbar plexus blocks, autonomic blockade, neurolytic blocks and cordotomy. It can also include TENS, acupuncture and complementary therapies. This book describes specifically the difficult pain problems that are now faced in palliative care and highlights the need for greater collaboration between the disciplines of pain medicine and palliative care. It refers to the psychological and spiritual needs of patients, and provides patient experience data on specialist techniques. The book is an invaluable resource for all healthcare professionals working in palliative care, pain management, and primary care to inform them about the range of interventional techniques available, with evidence of efficacy, side effects and management advice.
1. Setting the scene
2. Difficult pain problems
3. Interventional pain control: background and current role
4. Pain mechanisms
5. Neuraxial (epidural and intrathecal) infusions I: anatomy, pharmacokinetics, evidence-base and commonly used drugs
6. Neuraxial (epidural and intrathecal) infusions II: patient selection, epidural versus intrathecal, equipment, description of the technique, complications, national use
7. Practical nursing management of epidural and intrathecal infusions
8. Peripheral blocks, plexus blocks, and intrathecal neurolysis
9. Blocks of the sympathetic nervous system / autonomic blockade
10. Cordotomy
11. The use of peripheral nerve and spinal cord neuromodulation in cancer pain
12. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and acupuncture
13. The patient's perspective
Appendix 1 - Body dermatomes
Dr Joan Hester has worked in the National Health Service for over 40 years, and was originally a Consultant in Anaesthesia and Pain Management at Eastbourne, East Sussex, where she was also Medical Director, until moving to London in 2004. Joan now works as Consultant in Pain Medicine at King's College Hospital in London and is the Immediate Past President of the British Pain Society. She has a national and international reputation for her work in promoting understanding and education in pain management, and is a board member of the new Faculty of Pain Medicine at the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Joan has a life-long interest in cancer pain and palliative care, was co-founder of St Wilfrid's Hospice, Eastbourne, and currently works at St Christopher's Hospice in London, providing specialist pain management advice, education and support.; Dr Sykes' principal research interests concern gastrointestinal and end of life symptom management in palliative care, on which he has written extensively. He also teaches widely both in the UK and abroad. Currently chair of Help the Hospices International Palliative Care Reference Group, he is also a member of the Neurological Diseases Strategy Group of the UK National Council for Palliative Care. Dr Sykes has served as Treasurer of the Association of Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland, and as a member of the Association's Executive and Ethics committees. He set up the first clinical ethics committee to be located in a hospice and has spoken on television and radio, and made presentations to British parliamentary committees, on ethical issues relating to palliative care.; Dr. Sue Peat studied medicine and pharmacology at St. Batholomew's Hospital, London. She developed an interest in interventional techniques and opioid metabolism whilst undertaking higher professional training in anaesthesia at King's College Hospital. Following a period as a research fellow in the pain relief unit there she was appointed as a consultant anaesthetist specializing in pain relief, obstetric anaesthesia and undergraduate teaching. Her long connection with St. Christopher's Hospice has enabled the development of an integrated service which crosses the boundaries between acute, chronic and cancer pain management. This offers palliative patients the benefit of expertise and techniques more commonly available only in an acute pain setting.
Innovative Skills to Increase Cohesion and Communication in Couples
Movement Disorders (2nd Revised edition)
The Suicidal Crisis: Clinical Guide to the Assessment of Imminent Suicide Risk
Essential Revision Notes for Cardiology KBA
Down's: The History of a Disability
The Neuropsychology of Autism
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (4th edition)
Overgrowth Syndromes: A Clinical Guide
Cerebrovascular Disease (2nd edition)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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858 Do You Want To Sell Your Herculean King?
Enlightenment City was a capital situated on the north-western border of the land. It was one of the few cities that had not been seized by any organization.
The Heaven Alliance members took the whole afternoon to arrive at the Enlightenment City.
After settling into their accommodation, they planned their attack strategy once more.
Only one liaison was required this time and the nine of them could join the fight.
However, Lin Huang summoned the Herculean King to replace his position in the team whilst he stayed in the city.
Tan Lang and the rest did not have any objections.
The ability of Lin Huang's summoning monster far surpassed his and it was rather suitable to join the fight compared to Lin Huang.
After having their lunch, Tan Lang and his team left.
Lin Huang and Tang Ning, who was the liaison, stayed in the city.
Because of their relationship with Gushan City, Lin Huang and Tang Ning were easily given the authority to enter the library when they arrived at the capital.
After bidding Tang Ning goodbye, they then headed towards the library on their own.
Since he had never revealed his sword skill at the Genius Union, Lin Huang was unable to train his sword skills. Recently, he discovered that practicing the methods in this world could increase his depth of skill in the Twisted Fate Scripture. Therefore, Lin Huang decided to memorize as many training methods as possible in this world.
It would not be difficult for Lin Huang. He could perfectly memorize all the content that he had gone through with his Divine Telekinesis. He did not need to read it with his eyes. Instead, he just had to skim through all the content with his Divine Telekinesis.
Lin Huang soon found the books he wanted in the library. He then sat on the floor next to the book rack, quickly skimming through them.
With his Divine Telekinesis, he could scan one page of words in less than 0.01 seconds. In fact, it would be much faster than his speed of flipping the page. If it were not because of the other people in the library, Lin Huang would have read the book with his telekinetic threads whereby hundreds of telekinesis threads would turn the page at the same time. He could finish reading a book within seconds.
The requirement of the training method for The Twisted Fate Scripture was not high. As long as the method was mortal transformation-level and above, there would be a substantial increase in his familiarity with the skill. At least, this was what happened in the second rotation.
The library did not lack any mortal transformation-level training methods. Lin Huang managed to find hundreds of them in Gushan City's library. However, the ascendance-level training method was extremely rare and there were only a few of them.
However, Lin Huang was not in a hurry. He was currently practicing 35 types of mortal transformation-level skills and he had already gotten into the second rotation of the Twisted Fate Scripture.
The requirement to break through the third rotation had doubled where it required two million points.
Lin Huang spent the entire afternoon memorizing all the methods available in the library of the Enlightenment City.
More than 120 of them were different from the methods available at Gushan City and three of them were on ascendance-level.
At night, when Tan Lang and the rest of them returned, they were elated. Lin Huang and Tang Ning asked what had happened but they were reluctant to tell them.
After they had distributed all the rewards at night and Tang Ning confirmed that there was nobody spying on them, he then whispered a secret, "I found out that the 'internal elixir' created by the body of a monster is the 'crystal core' we mentioned. The Life Power within it can be extracted rapidly."
"I discovered that the Life Power can be extracted earlier. However, the Life Power that can be extracted is only 50% of the total Life Power," Lin Huang described his observation.
"Extraction and the speed of extraction are two different things." Tan Lang looked at Lin Huang in excitement. "What I meant is that the crystal core can quickly replenish the Life Power that's been drained during a battle. As long as there's a sufficient amount of crystal cores, there'll be no way to use up our Life Power!"
Everybody's eyes brightened and even Lin Huang was startled.
He had Divine Fire in his body as well as 10 Life Wheels. He did not lack Life Power, but it did not mean that the others did not need it though.
In fact, many of them would not simply activate a powerful skill because they were afraid that their Life Power could hardly sustain it.
If a person could have inexhaustible Life Power, one could activate their most potent skill until their opponent died.
Previously, Lin Huang could kill the yellow gold-rank monsters with ease despite being a black gold-rank because of this.
The news meant nothing to Lin Huang. However, it was positive news for the rest of them.
"Luckily, I didn't sell any of the monster carcasses that I've previously killed. I can now dig out all the crystal cores from the carcasses!" Shen Tao exclaimed happily like a kid.
"Why didn't you tell me earlier? I've fed the carcasses to the bug." Li Jia sulked.
'I'm glad that my summoning monsters don't need any food. Otherwise, I'd have fed them with the monster carcasses too,' Lin Huang thought to himself, 'Although I don't need those crystal cores, if I were to sell them to the outside world, they could probably fetch a good price. If I were to collect more, I might be able to even earn a set of demigod-level telekinetic weapon!'
The price of a demigod-level telekinetic weapon was at least 10 times of an ordinary demigod relic.
Lin Huang was not interested in the beginner- and intermediate-grade demigod relics.
An ordinary expert-grade demigod relic cost at least 100 billion Life Crystals. One might not be able to buy a telekinetic weapon of a similar grade with 1.5 trillion Life Crystals. It was much more expensive than an ultimate-grade demigod relic.
Just as Lin Huang was calculating how many crystal cores he would need to exchange for a telekinetic weapon, Tan Lang suddenly chuckled and inched closer to him.
"Lin Xie, let me tell you something."
Looking at Tan Lang's revolting smile, Lin Huang was petrified and he leaned backward. "Deputy chief, please don't do that to me. I'm only interested in women."
"Hey" Tan Lang's smile became stiff and he slowly took a step backward. He then said, "I just wanted to ask if you want to sell your Herculean King?"
Lin Huang glared at Tan Lang. "No!"
It was within his expectations. However, Tan Lang still looked disappointed after listening to his reply.
He then took a glance at the Herculean King, whose body had shrunk, that was standing next to Lin Huang. The Herculean King noticed his sidelong glance.
"Do you want to fight?" The Herculean King stared at him.
Of course, the Herculean King would not be able to fight Tan Lang. Its abilities were only slightly stronger than an immortal-level rank-9 in the Heaven Alliance. Compared to Shen Tao, his strength was still unknown, let alone Li Jia and Tan Lang who were much stronger than Shen Tao.
However, Tan Lang did not get angry. Instead, he grinned at the Herculean King because he really liked it.
He paid close attention to the Herculean King's abilities in fights. It had immense strength and terrifying defensive ability. Apart from that, it had a very strong battle instinct as well. If he were to train its combat strength, it would definitely be a very formidable companion.
Tan Lang would not have asked Lin Huang about it if he did not like it.
Of course, the Herculean King was unwilling to make such a change. It knew the benefits of following Lin Huang. Its upgrade to mythical-level was just a matter of time. Getting an upgrade in its bloodline would not be difficult either. The Herculean King felt that the man named Tan Lang was just slightly stronger than it was and that it would definitely surpass him in the future. How could he be its master!?
Lin Huang was reluctant to sell the Herculean King and he was unable to anyway since Xiao Hei had never activated the function of canceling a monster contract.


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New Exonerations Registry Catalogs Over 2,400 Wrongful Convictions
Loaded on Nov. 15, 2013 published in Prison Legal News November, 2013, page 34
Filed under: Statistics/Trends, Sentencing, Wrongful Conviction. Location: United States of America.
According to the National Registry of Exonerations, more than 1,230 criminal defendants who were wrongfully convicted have been exonerated since 1989. Another 1,170 cases involving wrongful convictions were not included in the Registry's database because they were "collective exonerations" in police misconduct scandals in which officers fabricated evidence – for example, by planting drugs or guns on suspects.
The criminal justice system does not keep an official record of exonerations. As such, the University of Michigan Law School partnered with the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University School of Law to found the Registry in May 2012.
The Registry's database includes cases gathered from court records and catalogs of exonerations maintained by wrongful conviction organizations, such as the Innocence Project.
One of the most recent exonerations in the Registry is that of Sheldon Mosley, who was convicted of child sexual abuse in 1996 in Texas, sentenced to 60 years and released on October 11, 2013. Mosley was falsely accused of molesting his 4-year-old daughter, who recanted in 2012, saying she had been coerced into testifying about the abuse by other family members. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals vacated Mosley's conviction and the district attorney dismissed the charges.
The Registry has amassed details about 1,232 exonerations between 1989 and October 2013. The wrongfully convicted defendants in those cases served a combined total of more than 10,000 years in prison before being exonerated. Ninety-three percent were male and around half were African American. Over 100 had been sentenced to death.
Interestingly, 83% of the exonerees had taken their cases to trial and been convicted by juries; 7% were convicted by judges while only 9% pleaded guilty. This indicates that in a disproportionate percentage of cases, the defendants who went to trial proclaiming their innocence were, in fact, innocent.
According to the Registry, 52% of wrongful convictions involved perjured testimony or false accusations; in homicide cases that number climbed to 65%. Police and prosecutorial misconduct, including withholding exculpatory evidence, contributed to 43% of the cases resulting in exonerations.
Just over 40% of the wrongful convictions were based on mistaken eyewitness identification – 79% in sexual abuse cases. False or misleading forensic evidence was involved in 22% of wrongful convictions, while false confessions occurred in 14%. [See: PLN, Dec. 2011, p.14; April 2011, p.18]. The percentages add up to more than 100% because multiple factors were involved in many of the cases.
"The most important goal of the [criminal justice] system is accuracy," said Michigan Law School professor Samuel Gross, who helped create the Registry. "Getting the right person and not getting the wrong person are obviously the most important goals. The only way to get those are to learn how we made our mistakes."
The Registry does not include innocent defendants who pleaded guilty to avoid the risk of more serious punishments, or cases that were dismissed due to legal errors absent evidence of innocence.
The Registry is "a good start" said Rob Warden, executive director of the Center on Wrongful Convictions. However, it represents only a small fraction of the total number of cases involving innocence. "We know there are many more that we haven't found," said Gross. Counties such as San Bernardino County in California and Bexar County in Texas are heavily populated yet claim to have no exonerations. Researchers believe that is unlikely.
"What this shows is that the criminal justice system makes mistakes, and they are more common than people think," Gross stated.
Unsurprisingly, some prosecutors disagree. Exonerations "give the gross perception that there is a serious problem with wrongful convictions in this country, and it is just not the case," said Scott Burns, executive director of the National District Attorneys Association.
One cannot help but wonder if Mr. Burns and his fellow prosecutors would feel the same way if they were among the thousands of innocent men and women who have been wrongfully convicted and sent to prison for crimes they didn't commit.
The Registry is not the first project to compile a database of exonerations. Justice Denied maintains a list of more than 3,900 people who were wrongfully convicted both in the United States and other countries, and publishes an online quarterly magazine of the same name about wrongful convictions. Plus the Innocence Project has a database of 311 post-conviction DNA exonerations. [See PLN's resources section on page 60].
Sources: USA Today, Associated Press, Huffington Post, www.exonerationregistry.org
The Too-Many Prisoners Dilemma, by Dan Froomkin
Texas Judges Rarely Disciplined, Seldom Publicly, by Matthew Clarke
Habeas Hints: Staring Down the Two-Headed Monster: Richter-Pinholster, by Kent A. Russell
The Real Costs of Incarceration in the United States
Attorney Fees Not Exempt from Disclosure Under California Public Records Act
PLN Files Censorship Suit Against Nevada DOC
Traumatic Brain Injury Rate High Among Prisoners, by Matthew Clarke
Debtors' Prisons Returning to America, by David Reutter
Hell on Earth: Sexual Victimization of the Criminally Insane, by David Rosen
China Vows to Finance Incarceration with Public Funds, Not Prison Profits
PLN Challenges Postcard-only Policy at Tennessee Jail
Oregon Considers Subsidizing Prison Medical Costs Through Medicaid
Federal Justice Grants Favor Prosecution, Law Enforcement Over Indigent Defense
Texas Prison Population Drops but Savings Evaporate, by Matthew Clarke
Minnesota Judge Condemns System that Jails Mentally Ill
Federal Prisoners Paid During Government Shutdown, but Not Prison Guards, by Derek Gilna
GEO Group Pulls out of Mississippi Prisons, by David Reutter
Gun Found in Segregation Cell at Privately-operated Mississippi Prison
New York City Jail Chaplain Fined for Accepting Bribe, Pleads Guilty to Fraud Charges
New Hampshire Supreme Court Revives Prisoner's Negligence Action
Prisoners in Texas Jail Providing Less Slave Labor
Book Review: Against Their Will: The Secret History of Medical Experimentation on Children in Cold War America, by Christopher Zoukis
Second Circuit: Bankruptcy Automatic Stay is No Excuse for Non-payment of Restitution, by Derek Gilna
Third Circuit Reverses More Stringent Conditions of Supervised Release, by Derek Gilna
Best Criminal Defense Pleading Ever!, by Alex Friedmann
Connecticut Supreme Court Reverses FOIA Disclosure of NCIC Printout
California: No-Gang-Contact Probation Condition Struck Down
Four West Virginia Officials, including Circuit Court Judge, Face Federal Charges, by Christopher Zoukis
Ninth Circuit: Adam Walsh Detention Doesn't Toll Term of Supervised Release, by Derek Gilna
Eighth Circuit Upholds North Dakota Transient's Failure-to-Register Conviction
U.S. Department of Justice Reports Statistics on State Prosecutors, by Matthew Clarke
California: Enhanced Presentence Conduct Credits Not Available to Defendants Who Committed Crimes Before Statute's Effective Date
Philippines Prison Suspends Thriller Dancers
California: State Not Liable for Failure to Provide Needed Treatment so Long as Medical Care is Summoned
ICE Directive May Limit Solitary Confinement of Immigrant Detainees, by Derek Gilna
Denial of Contraceptive Pill to Prisoner States Cause of Action
Anonymous PREA Hotlines Not So Anonymous
Montana Jail Fresh Air/Exercise Lawsuit Certified as Class Action, Then Settles
D.C. Circuit Clears Terrorism Suspect after 11-Year Ordeal, by Derek Gilna
Audit Reveals Federal Prison Industries Faces Declining Revenue, Job Losses, by Derek Gilna
Fifth Circuit: No Right to RDAP for Non-citizen Federal Prisoner
Prison Sentence Imposed for Sole Purpose of Drug Treatment Vacated by Eighth Circuit, by Derek Gilna
Court Baffled by BOP's Steel-toe Boot Requirement for Prisoners, by Derek Gilna
National Fingerprint Database Frees Man After 36 Years, Dec. 18, 2019. Databases, Wrongful Conviction, Wrongful Imprisonment.
Seventh Circuit Reaffirms Sex Trafficking and Kidnapping Are not Violent Felonies for 924(c) After Davis, Dec. 18, 2019. Sentencing.
Colorado Supreme Court Announces Clarifications and Modifications to Proportionality Review Standard as Applied to Habitual-Offender Sentences, Dec. 18, 2019. Sentencing.
Eleventh Circuit: Conspiracy to Commit Hobbs Act Robbery not a Crime of Violence Under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), Dec. 18, 2019. Sentencing.
Washington Supreme Court: Failure to Pay Fines Don't Increase Sentencing Score, Dec. 17, 2019. Sentencing.
U.S. District Court Holds Hobbs Act Robbery not Crime of Violence for § 924(c), Grants § 2255 Motion, Dec. 17, 2019. Sentencing.
Fourth Circuit: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel in Death Penalty Case for Failure to Investigate Fetal Alcohol Syndrome as Mitigating Factor During Sentencing Phase, Dec. 17, 2019. Sentencing, Death Penalty/Death Row, Death Penalty.
Many "Violent Offenders" Actually Committed Non-Violent Crimes, Dec. 10, 2019. Sentencing.
The Cost of Wrongful Convictions, Dec. 9, 2019. Wrongful Conviction.
BJS Releases Annual Data Collection on Capital Punishment for 2017, Nov. 19, 2019. Statistics/Trends.


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What is Evekeo?
By Lizzy on December 6, 2018
Evekeo is an amphetamine-based medication that is used to treat narcolepsy, ADHD, and excess weight. Evekeo is the trade name as there is no generic amphetamine drug. It is a controlled substance, due to the risk of dependence and adverse effects. Find out more about this drug, its uses, and the risks involved.
Source: MedicalNewsToday.com
Published in Health News
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Dr Chin Yee Fatt
BDS, MFGDP
TP Dental Surgeons Pte Ltd
391B Orchard Road
Ngee Ann City Tower B
#26 - 01 Singapore 238874
About Dr Chin Yee Fatt
Dr Chin Yee-Fatt was among the top students in Malaysia offered prestigious Singapore Government scholarships. Dr Chin completed his high school and tertiary education in Singapore, obtaining his Bachelor of Dental Surgery from the National University of Singapore. His academic achievements won him numerous awards and University Medals. Among others, he was awarded the "Top Final Year Graduate in Dentistry", "Best All-Round Graduant" and "Best in Oral Surgery" medals. After graduation, Dr Chin served in the Community Dental Service and in the National University Hospital Dental Centre. He later joined a private dental group practice and is currently one of the practice equity partners and clinical directors.
Dr Chin's keen interest in restorative and aesthetic dentistry has motivated him to travel extensively to learn from different experts in various fields of Dentistry. He obtained his post-graduate diploma and was conferred a membership to The Royal College of Surgeons of England, M.F.G.D.P (RCS England). He has been invited to lecture and perform clinical workshops in Singapore and abroad. He has also been on radio talk show and interviewed by the media to educate the general public on different aspects of aesthetics and general dental care.
Apart from private practice, Dr Chin teaches regularly at the National University of Singapore where he holds an adjunct lecturer position. He is also the course director for a dental surgery assistant course for the Royal Armed Forces of Brunei. Dr Chin is driven by his passion to provide Excellence in Dentistry with Gentle Care.
His scope of practice includes crowns and bridges, wisdom tooth removal, dental implants and regular check-up for both children and adults and aesthetic dentistry such as teeth whitening, veneers, bondings and smile makeover.
MFGDP
Dental Cosmetic Dentistry
Herkin
"Looking for a dental surgeon to do a tooth Implant?"
The 3 appointments I had with Dr Chin was very pleasant. He was competent and knew his job proficiently. Totally professional.
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Home » Musicians » Amina Figarova
Amina Figarova is without doubt one of the most productive jazz composers and talented jazz piano players from Europe. Now living in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, born in Baku, Azerbaijan, Amina started playing piano and composing at a very early age. She studied as a classical concert pianist at the Baku Conservatory, jazz performance at the Rotterdam Conservatory and the Berklee College of Music in Boston.
Amina Figarova performs with her own group at many jazz festivals and jazz clubs around the world, such as The North Sea Jazz Festival, New Orleans Jazz Festival, Capetown International Jazzfestival, Salvador Bahia Jazz Festival, Brasil, JakArt Festival, Indonesia, Yoshi's in Oakland, CA, Blue Note jazz club New York, and has given concerts in Israel, Europe, United Arabs Emirates, Mexico, USA, Azerbaijan, and many others.
Recorded her first CD "Attraction" in 1994, a start of a wonderful career as pianist and composer, a CD with all compositions and arrangements of Amina, almost all the music on her CDs are composed by herself. In 1998 she was invited to study at the Thelonious Monk Jazz Colony in Aspen, Colorado. A summer camp for the most talented young musicians. That same year she released her second album "Another Me", a mix of funk, fusion and R&B, influenced by jazz, reggae and latin music, again with all original compositions. In March 2000 she was invited as artist in residence for the Dmitri Matheny Home Season in the San Fransisco Bay Area. That is how the Amina Figarova International Band got started, now released two live recorded CDs. Also the colobaration with Kim Prevost and Bill Solley from New Orleans resulted in the recording "On Canal Street". Amina is touring and performing often with Denise Jannah. Amina performed with the American All Stars Band with James Moody, Nathan Davis, Claudio Roditi, Larry Corryell, and Wynard Harper.
"Come escape with me" (Munich Records, MRCD 465) showcases Amina's exceptional compositional and arranging skills. Her music (all of the CD's 12 tunes are written by her) is tasteful and refined, showcasing her talents as well as those of her band - a three-piece horn section and one amazing flute player. This new release is the most logic follow up of her septet CD releases "Firewind" and "Night Train", celebrating the fifth anniversary of her septet. At the moment Amina tours with two different groups. Her septet features other wonderful musicians from The Netherlands and Belgium, and her Amina Figarova International Quintet. "Come escape with me" is recorded in the Netherlands with Marcel Reijs on trumpet, Kurt van Herck on tenor sax, Tom Beek on alto sax, Wiro Mahieu on bass, Chris Strik on drums and Amina's husband Bart Platteau on a whole scala of flutes. The music on this Munich Records CD is a great example of Amina's musical and compositional talents. She takes you to unknown areas to let you taste a different atmosphere, always with her own style and magical swing.
"Come escape with me" is allready for three weeks in the Top 10 of the Jazzweek airplay chart with # 7 as highest ranking! Show less
Amina Figarova piano Rotterdam
Persistence by Maurizio Zerbo
Persistence by Edward Blanco
Road To The Sun by Dan McClenaghan
Blue Whisper by Dave Wayne
Amina Figarova Sextet: Golden, CO, March 6, 2013
Twelve by Hrayr Attarian
Twelve by Dan Bilawsky
Amina Figarova in Concert, La Jolla, CA, Feb. 26, 2009
Above the Clouds by J Hunter
Above the Clouds by Dan McClenaghan
Jazz This Week: Jim Pugh, Jeremy Haynes, Amina Figarova, Jazz St. Louis...
STLJN Saturday Video Showcase: Amina Figarova's Jazz Journey
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Amina Figarova - Sketches (2010)
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Jazz Musician of the Day: Amina Figarova
Pianist Amina Figarova Interviewed at AAJ
Amina Figarova at the Erie Art Museum
Amfi Records
Blue Whisper
In + Out Records
Munich Records
Whotsot
From: Sketches
By Amina Figarova
Art Farmer
Kenny Barron
Woody Shaw
James Moody
Jason Moran
Marc Copland
Born: December 2, 1966
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This Himalayan salt bowl lamp is both lovely to look and a wonderful massage tool! Use the heated balls for massage therapy and enjoy a soothing massage by gently rolling the warm salt crystal balls on your neck and shoulders, in your hands, or anywhere on your body! You will feel rejuvenated and full of life!
This lamp is almost maintenance free and is very easy to clean. Just wipe off the outside surface with a damp sponge and dry off with a paper towel. Do the same for the balls. You can change the color of the bulb to give a different hue to the lighting area. You can keep the lamp lit for as long as you like and the longer you keep it on, the better the emission of negative ions.
# No two are alike, due to the nature of rock size, color and shape may vary.


Major news outlets have long struggled with use of the word "lie," especially during a political campaign season. A candidate for public office can say something that's obviously untrue, and there may be ample evidence that he or she knows it's untrue, and simply hopes to deceive the public. Journalists, however, are nevertheless reluctant to use the "l" word.
Just last week, Michael Oreskes, NPR's editorial director, wrote a piece reflecting on Donald Trump making claims that were flagrantly false, making the case that use of the word "lie" presents the news in an "angry tone" that alienates the public.
The problem, of course, is the incentive structure: if politicians know in advance that news organizations will be cautious in calling out egregious deceptions, they may feel less pressure to tell the truth. The more media professionals are aggressive in holding candidates and officeholders accountable, the less they'll try to get away with dishonesty.
TPM noted the other day how the New York Times is starting to adapt to politics in the age of Trump.
Strait-laced legacy media companies, wedded to balance and objectivity, have never been good at calling a lie what it is. But now the New York Times is starting to point out lies in their news coverage of Donald Trump.
As Quartz flagged on Tuesday, at least five stories in the Grey Lady's Sept. 17 edition, including its lead print story, contained the words "lie," "false" and "untrue" in headlines, first paragraphs and top sections in stories about the GOP nominee.
Of course, with the Republican presidential hopeful, the challenge isn't identifying the lies, it's keeping up with the avalanche of lies.
Longtime readers may recall a project I oversaw four years ago called "Mitt Mendacity." For newer readers, the point was pretty straightforward: once a week, I'd highlight every instance of Mitt Romney saying something blatantly untrue in speeches, interviews, op-eds, etc. I tackled the endeavor because, it seemed to me at the time, that the 2012 GOP candidate was being spectacularly dishonest in ways I found genuinely alarming.
Donald Trump makes Mitt Romney look like the Patron Saint of Honesty. If lying were an Olympic sport, every other contender would have to quit, knowing in advance that Trump would win the gold no matter how hard they tried.
Trump lies with such reckless abandon – about himself, about his opponent, about policy, about current events, about details large and small – it's not unreasonable to wonder whether he has some kind of allergy to the truth.
Correct the Record, a Democratic super PAC, created a "Trump Lies" website, which sends out occasional summaries to reporters, and I think it's a safe bet the outfit has a small army of researchers who work a lot of hours hoping to keep pace with the Republican's borderline uncontrollable dishonesty.
And even they miss some.
Midday yesterday, Daniel Dale, who does fine reporting for the Toronto Star, highlighted 18 blatantly false things Trump said just since the morning. (It wasn't the first such list Dale pulled together recently.) We're not even talking about judgment calls or attempts at slicing the truth very thin; Dale simply flagged brazen falsehoods.
That lack of accountability matters. A Quinnipiac poll released last week found that a plurality of Americans believe Trump is honest compared to Hillary Clinton – which, no matter what one might think of Clinton, is plainly ridiculous.
What should be one of the most important issues of the 2016 presidential campaign – Donald Trump's inability to tell the truth about practically any issue – is a dynamic that much of the country doesn't even recognize.
There's still time for that to change.


text:
Q: How to federate two apollo services that provide the same type I am new to apollo and I have two apollo service that I want to federate by using apollo federation:
Productservice:
extend type Query {
  job(id: String!): Job
}

type Seo {
  title: String!
  description: String!
  keywords: String!
}

type Product @key(fields: "id")  {
  id: ID!
  title: String!
  seo: Seo!
}

StaffService:
extend type Query {
  staffMember(id: String!): StaffMember
}

type Seo {
  title: String!
  description: String!
  keywords: String!
}

type StaffMember @key(fields: "id")  {
  id: ID!
  title: String!
  seo: Seo!
}

How can I use the type Seo in response objects of both objects? Is the correct procedure to create an interface Seo and implement StaffMemberSeo and ProductSeo or is there an annotation that allows me to define the exactly same type within two services?

A: One service must own the type. In that service use the @key directive. In the referencing services use @extend, and include a stub of the type with fields used by that service.
Think of this as like a foreign key in a SQL database.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Is it possible to iterate a list calling async function I'm new to this so I apologize for mistakes
I'm trying to figure out a way to iterate inside a for loop range, calling an async function but without waiting for a response
here's my code
import asyncio
from random import randint
import time
import threading

async def print_i(i):
   number = 0
   if (number % 2) == 0: #check for even number
      time.sleep(5)
   while number != 5:
      number = randint(0,100)
   print("id-", i)

for i in range (0,100):
   asyncio.run(print_i(i))
   # thread = threading.Thread(target=print_i(i))
   # thread.start()

Both the asyncio.run and the thread.start() are linearly executing the called function, whereas i was hoping that the for loop would call the functions in all iterations in one go, and only the even numbers of "i" would get the time.sleep(5)
Is this possible?

A: Here's some basic examples I made about how to achieve concurrency in asyncio, threading, and trio. Consider range() call as list in these cases.
If you wonder why the trio, there's a better alternative to asyncio - called Structured Concurrency - and they use different method when spawning a concurrent task - you might stumble on it one day.
For asyncio:
import asyncio

async def task(num: int):
    print(f"task {num} started.")

    # async function need something 'awaitable' to be asynchronous
    await asyncio.sleep(3)

    print(f"task {num} finished.")

async def spawn_task():
    task_list = []

    for n in range(5):
        task_list.append(asyncio.create_task(task(n)))

    await asyncio.gather(*task_list)

asyncio.run(spawn_task())

For threading:
import threading
import time

def thread_workload(num: int):
    print(f"task {num} started.")

    # most of python's IO functions (including time.sleep) release GIL,
    # allowing other thread to run.
    # GIL prevents more than 1 thread running the python code.
    time.sleep(3)

    print(f"task {num} finished.")

def spawn_thread():
    for n in range(5):
        t = threading.Thread(target=thread_workload, args=(n,))
        t.start()

spawn_thread()

For Trio:
import trio

async def task(num: int):
    print(f"task {num} started.")

    # async function need something 'awaitable' to be asynchronous
    await trio.sleep(3)

    print(f"task {num} finished.")

async def spawn_task():
    async with trio.open_nursery() as nursery:
        # explicit task spawning area. Nursery for tasks!

        for n in range(5):
            nursery.start_soon(task, n)

trio.run(spawn_task)

Output:
task 0 started.
task 1 started.
task 2 started.
task 3 started.
task 4 started.
task 0 finished.
task 1 finished.
task 2 finished.
task 3 finished.
task 4 finished.


text:
Louis Valtat
Dieppe, 1869-París, 1952
Louis Valtat was born on 8 August 1869 in Dieppe. In 1880 his parents moved to Versailles, where the boy attended classical studies before being admitted in 1887, at the age of 17, to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He also enrolled at the Académie Julian and met Bonnard and Albert André. From 1893 he exhibited regularly in the Salon des Indépendants. Already in 1895 he painted in Arcachon a series of studies which were exhibited the following year in the Indépendants, and were noticed by Thadée Natanson. Valtat already showed a taste for colour and a forceful style which would link him ten years later to the Fauves. But he followed an independent career, never really joining any of the various avant-garde groups he had contacts with: the neo-Impressionists, the Nabis, the Fauves and the Cubists. In 1898, Valtat spent some time in the Côte d'Azur, in Agay, a village on the Esterel hills, where he painted a series of studies which were exhibited the following year in the Galerie Durand-Ruel. He was seduced by the region, and ordered a house, "Roucas Rou" (The Red Rocks), to be built in Anthéor, not far from Agay, where he would spend every winter until 1914. He regularly visited Signac, who had settled in Saint-Tropez, and Renoir, who lived in Cagnes-sur-Mer. From 1900 to 1912, Valtat had a contract with the dealer Ambroise Vollard, which enabled him to travel to Italy in 1902 and to Algeria the following year. In 1905 he took part in the Salon d'Automne, where he exhibited six paintings, including a sea view which, when published in L'Illustration, associated him with the Fauvist group. In 1914 he gave up the Midi, and settled in a new studio in Paris. He spent the summer mainly in Normandy and in the Île-de-France, where in 1924 he bought a house in Choisel. There, he painted many landscapes and family scenes. In 1948, Valtat lost his sight as a result of a glaucoma. He died in Paris on 2 January 1952.
Marina Ferretti
Skaters in Winter (The Garden of the Petit Trianón in Versailles) (?)


Patrik Lindström EBM, Electro Swedish duo Spark!'s album "Ett lejon i dig" (A lion in you) was one of those albums that is good, but you can sense that it's something in it that could have made it great, but it did not quite reach its full potential.
After the release, they got signed to the Swedish label Progress Production and released the EP "Genom Stormen" (Through the storm) and here, with this release, Spark! truly found their way with an amazing release in their way of combining the feeling of Swedish punkpop with the music of melody centered Old School EBM.
With such a great release, I was quite worried that their new album "Hela Din Varld" (Your whole world) would never live up to my expectations, strangely enough, I think I did not expect enough to even be close to that.
Spark!'s "Hela Din Varld" is the best Old School coming out from Sweden since... since... well, I guess the only guys that manage to match up to it is Pouppee Fabrikk. Of course, this album is most of all going to interest people with some knowledge of the Swedish language, but even if you don't, try it out, I mean, there's plenty of us that know less than 20 words in German, and still 90% of our CD collection is in that language.
The first track opens up with a sample of the classical and somewhat epic quote "Jag ar Doden" (I am Death) from "Det sjunde inseglet" by Ingmar Bergman. The track "Doden och Jag" (Death and Me) is also the best track of the album, with a chorus made to perfection. Well written lyrics and music continue throughout this 10 track album (plus one remix) in tracks like "Dom Kommer Tillbaka" (They're coming back), "Hela Din Varld" (Your whole world), "Revolution 2.1", "Skal!" (Cheers!), "Karlekskarusell" (Merry-go-around of Love) and of course the two tracks from the earlier mentioned EP.
Swedish duo Spark!'s album "Ett lejon i dig" (A lion in you) was one of those albums that is good, but you can sense that it's something in it that could have made it great, but it did not quite reach its full potential.
If you understand Swedish and have somewhat love of electronic music, this is something you really must buy, if your Swedish skills have the value of the current temperature in Sweden (-8 degrees that is Celsius), I still recommend you to check this out, you might find it somewhat... exotic.


text:
Policy —
European ad industry pushes new tracking, transparency rules
An industry group of online advertisers has developed a new set of behavioral …
Jacqui Cheng - Apr 14, 2011 10:39 pm UTC
4 with 4 posters participating
European advertisers have begun hopping on board with a new set of guidelines (PDF) that will allow users to block cookie tracking. The rules, developed by an industry group called the Internet Advertising Bureau Europe (IAB Europe), come just over a month before Europe is expected to issue its own legal guidelines for online advertisers.
The self-regulatory framework isn't just about avoiding being tracked—the goal is to offer transparency to consumers about which sites are using their cookie data, when, and for what purpose. Participating companies will display an icon on their behaviorally tracked advertisements that signifies that they're participating in the Online Behavioural Advertising (OBA) Framework. When people click the icon, they'll be able to get more information about the ads and have the option to turn off the ad's tracking element.
"The OBA Framework will introduce cross-industry self-regulation for behavioural advertising across Europe, backed up by a compliant and enforcement mechanism," IAB Europe president Alain Heureux said in a statement. "This initiative is the culmination of 18 months planning and collaboration with European organisations representing advertisers, agencies, publishers and advertising standards."
Indeed, nearly 40 companies have already signed the pledge to begin implementing the OBA guidelines, including AOL, Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo. Additionally, IAB Europe says it worked closely with the European Commission in order to develop the rules so that they'll mesh with the Commission's own ad transparency guidelines when they are released on May 25.
"If this code ensures that they are fully compliant with their legal obligations under the new e-privacy directive, all well and good," European Commission spokesperson Jonathan Todd told Reuters.


text:
Home » Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: A George Smiley Novel (Paperback)
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: A George Smiley Novel (Paperback)
Cambridge Edition
1 on hand, as of Jan 21 11:19pm
(920 FICTION)
Boston Edition
Kobo eBook (June 7th, 2011): $9.99
Paperback (March 31st, 2020): $9.99
Compact Disc (January 7th, 2010): $24.95
From the New York Times bestselling author of A Legacy of Spies.
The man he knew as "Control" is dead, and the young Turks who forced him out now run the Circus. But George Smiley isn't quite ready for retirement—especially when a pretty, would-be defector surfaces with a shocking accusation: a Soviet mole has penetrated the highest level of British Intelligence. Relying only on his wits and a small, loyal cadre, Smiley recognizes the hand of Karla—his Moscow Centre nemesis—and sets a trap to catch the traitor.
The Oscar-nominated feature film adaptation of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is directed by Tomas Alfredson (Let the Right One In) and features Gary Oldman as Smiley, Academy Award winner Colin Firth (The King's Speech), and Tom Hardy (Inception).
With an introduction by the author.
JOHN LE CARRÉ was born in 1931. For six decades he wrote novels that came to define our age. The son of a confidence trickster, he spent his childhood between boarding school and the London underworld. At sixteen he found refuge at the university of Bern, then later at Oxford. A spell of teaching at Eton led him to a short career in British Intelligence, in MI5 and MI6. He published his debut novel, Call for the Dead, in 1961 while still a secret servant. His third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, secured him a worldwide reputation, which was consolidated by the acclaim for his trilogy Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Honourable Schoolboy, and Smiley's People. At the end of the Cold War, le Carré widened his scope to explore an international landscape including the arms trade and the War on Terror. His memoir, The Pigeon Tunnel, was published in 2016 and the last George Smiley novel, A Legacy of Spies, appeared in 2017. Silverview is his twenty-sixth novel. John le Carré died on December 12, 2020.
"His masterpiece...the greatest spy novel ever written..." --NPR
"The premier spy novelist of his time. Perhaps of all time."—Time
"A rattling good novel."—San Francisco Chronicle
"John le Carré is the great master of the spy story…the constant flow of emotion lifts him not only above all modern suspense novelists, but above most novelists now practicing."—Financial Times
"Stunning."—Wall Street Journal
"Le Carré has never presented so much detail about the intelligence Establishment...and keeps one guessing right to the end " -- The New York Times
"A great thriller, the best le Carré has written" -- Spectator (London)
Coverage from NPR
Publication Date: June 7th, 2011
Minimum Grade Level: UP
Fiction / Thrillers / Espionage
Fiction / Thrillers / Political
Fiction / Thrillers / Military
Paperback (October 5th, 2011): $17.00
Hardcover (July 1st, 2004): $16.95
Compact Disc (March 1st, 2010): $19.95
Compact Disc (May 1st, 2014): $30.00
Compact Disc (September 1st, 2010): $109.00
Compact Disc (April 1st, 2010): $19.95
Paperback (April 5th, 2012): $25.20
Paperback (June 1st, 2011): $22.25
Paperback (Japanese) (March 25th, 2012): $40.80
MP3 CD (September 1st, 2010): $29.95
Compact Disc (February 9th, 2012): $39.95


"Over the fifty years of his conversing occupation, Mit has compiled a suite of over 11,000 jokes, one liners, puns, and philosophical witticisms. This treasure of hilarity and recommendation, aids in creating a aspect, has been particularly chosen for public engagements and is non offensive or profane.
even if you're a public speaker, businessman, salesman, net person or engaged in informal daily verbal exchange, the fitting use of fine fresh humor and wit can bring up the affinity among you and one other and convey approximately larger communique and understanding.
essential consultant to wash Humor and Wit is a brief reference textual content, labeled via subject, that can assist you effectively converse your message, meet others and develop into acquaintances by using laughter.
The sensible advisor to construction resilient and hugely on hand IP networks study from an all-in-one advent to new positive factors and advancements in development a resilient IP community permit your company to satisfy inner service-level agreements (SLAs) for mission-critical assets know how a resilient IP community will help in offering mission-critical info akin to video and voice prone paintings with configuration examples which are in accordance with real-world matters and buyer necessities Get suggestions and most sensible practices from box group of workers who've labored on the various greatest networks with stringent uptime requisites and SLAs extra businesses are construction networks with the goal of utilizing them to behavior enterprise.
Breaking three hundred yards off the tee field is an a possibility milestone for the common golfer. during this publication I exhibit a number of uncomplicated how you can increase your clubhead velocity leading to longer drives down the heart of the fairway. I spent an enormous a part of my lifestyles constructing a golfing swing that enables me to wreck three hundred yards with the motive force.
Synopsis:A Haunting at Land's finish is paranormal romance for the sweetheart of a haunted-house tale. It starts off sooner than the Civil struggle in Charleston, South Carolina, and strikes up via this present day. so much ghost tales sidestep the cause of the haunting, although this booklet tells the tale from the point of view of every person concerned, even the ghost Anna talks.
The streets of London's East finish have been virtually abandoned as a guy and lady made their method during the pre-dawn darkness of a cold wintry weather morning in 1891. nobody observed them as they handed lower than the chilly glare of a fuel streetlamp, then entered a pitch-black, tunnel-like passageway lower than a few railway tracks.


How to complain about Amazon UK customer service Resolver is a completely free complaint-resolution tool that puts the British consumer directly in touch with …... Verifying Email Addresses in Amazon SES. Amazon SES requires that you verify your identities (the domains or email addresses that you send email from) to confirm that you own them, and to prevent unauthorized use.
A unique Amazon customer account used to be a combination of email and password, so technically you could create multiple accounts using the same email address as long as the passwords differed.... The topic I will be covering today will be how to properly setup your Amazon sellers account. The process itself is fairly straightforward but I want to talk about a couple things regarding the sellers account that will benefit you in the long run.
Change Amazon password How Do I Change My Password?
snopes.com Did amazon.com reset my password?


NORFOLK, Va. - SIUE collected four match victories, including three straight at one point Friday, but the Cougars were defeated 28-13 in Mid-American wrestling action at the Ted Constant Center.
"We had some good wins," said SIUE Head Coach Jeremy Spates. "Tyshawn came out and had an early takedown. Justin scored bonus points right at the end. Noth Nate and Sergio were offensive from whistle to whistle is what we want to see."
After jumping out to a 16-0 lead, SIUE fought back with three straights wins. Williams edged Kevin Budock 3-2. Ruffin, who did not see sixth-ranked Larry Early, bested Kenan Carter 9-1. Carter had moved up from 149 pounds. Higgins added a 6-4 win over Shane Jones.
"Our guys came out to wrestle hard so those are the things we ask for," said Spates.
The Cougars are now ide until next Saturday when they travel to the Missouri Valley Open.
"We'll take guys who need matches or have been out because of injuries," added Spates.


and yet your business doesn't even bring in enough to get you a Happy Meal at McDonalds.
Without *traffic*, how will you make sales ?
Here's a free report, video and audio that's going to help you achieve some amazing results!
in front of truckloads of prospects and now you can for free!


text:
Q: Shiro in a multi-threaded environment The basic way that I understand Shiro's SecurityUtils.getSubject() to work is that it returns the subject which is bound to the currently executing thread.  However, this just seems at odds with a servlet container like Tomcat which is using a thread pool to service requests.
If Tomcat is say using ThreadA to handle requests, any calls to SecurityUtils.getSubject() should work fine.  But, as soon as ThreadB is selected, the user is lost, getSubject returns null and isAuthenticated is now false.  This is even though the user is still logged in.
I have confirmed this in my application.  I am using Shiro Core 1.2 and notice that my user is just miraculously being inauthenticated when I navigate through my app.  If I look at the logs, the problem happens as soon as a different thread is used to service the request.
So, do I have Shiro configured incorrectly?  It seems like the 'current user' should be bound to something a bit more longer-lasting than the current thread.  I would expect it to be session-based.  I know that Shiro has session management, but in all examples I've found, it says to get the current user by calling getSubject, which looks at the ThreadContext.  Am I missing something?

A: So, it turns out that I just didn't have Shiro configured correctly.  I have a web app, yet I was setting up the Security Manager in code.  This resulted in the Security Manager being set up on a certain thread only.  As long as requests were serviced by that same thread, it worked fine.  But as soon as Tomcat chose a different thread, the user appeared inauthenticated.
Shiro has a filter for web apps that handles this scenario and binds the user to each incoming request.  You should have your app configured as follows instead of doing the security manager in code:
<context-param>
    <param-name>shiroConfigLocations</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:auth.ini</param-value>
</context-param>

<!--  Shiro Environment Listener -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!--  Shiro Filter Configuration -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>


text:
Christmas wafer (, plural ; , plural ; , plural ) is a Catholic Christmas tradition celebrated in Poland, Lithuania, and Slovakia. The custom is traditionally observed during Kūčios in Lithuania and Wigilia in Poland on December 24.

The unleavened wafers are baked from pure wheat flour and water, are usually rectangular in shape and very thin; they are identical in composition to the altar bread that becomes the Eucharist at the consecration during Mass in the Roman Catholic Church. The Opłatki wafers are embossed with Christmas-related religious images, varying from the nativity scene, especially Virgin Mary with baby Jesus, to the Star of Bethlehem.

Observance and practice

Before partaking of the Christmas Eve meal, the family gathers around the table. The eldest member holds a large wafer and breaks off a piece to begin the ritual. The remaining wafer is passed on to another member while a prayer for loved ones is said. This continues until everyone at the table has a piece of the wafer. Finally, each family member gives wishes to every other family member, consuming a piece of wafer broken off of the wafer piece of the person to whom they were giving their wishes.

History and cultural importance
The breaking of the Christmas wafer is a custom that began in Poland in the 10th century and is practiced by people of Polish ancestry around the world. It is considered the most ancient and beloved of Polish traditions.

In Poland and some parts of Central Europe, these Christmas wafers are dyed and used as ornaments. They are also sent as small trinkets with greeting cards to loved ones who are away from home.

The Christmas wafer symbolizes the unity of the family, which many consider to be the main pillar of society. According to beliefs, the bond of unity should exist between family members. The father is seen as the link in the unbroken chain of One Body, One Bread, One Christ, and One Church, while other family members join him in this eternal procession.  The wafer also symbolizes forgiveness and reconciliation.

Lithuania

Before the Kūčios meal starts, the families in Lithuania share kalėdaitis, also known as plotkelė, paplotėlis, plokštainėlis or Dievo pyragai depending on the region of Lithuania a family is from. A plate with as many wafers as there are persons participating in the meal is placed in the center of the table. Each member of the family is given a piece of unleavened wafer.

The head of the family, typically the oldest person present however often father of the family, then takes a wafer and offers it to a family member wishing them a Happy Christmas. "God grant that we are all together again next year", they respond and break off a piece of wafer. The family member then offers the head of the family a piece of their wafer in return. The head of the family then offers their wafer to every family member or guest at the table.

After them, all the diners exchange greetings and morsels of wafer. Care is taken not to skip anyone for that means terrible misfortune or even death the following year. In breaking a piece of wafer, each tries to get a piece larger than that remaining in the other's hand for it means his year will be better. The person holding the wafer tries to prevent a large piece being taken for this will "break his luck".

When everyone has exchanged wafers, the family members take their pile of wafers before the head of the house. He then looks at the wafers in the family members' hands and reads a fortune from how they are assembled. After this has been completed, people return to their seats and the wafers are eaten.

Origins
The tradition traces its origins to the times of early Christianity (see Antidoron) and is seen as a non-sacramental foreshadowing of the liturgical partaking of the Holy Eucharist (Host), unleavened bread consecrated into the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus Christ. As a Christmas custom the "opłatek" originated in Poland and was spread widely as far back as the 17th century. It was the part of the szlachta's (Polish nobility) culture and the custom had spread throughout the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and neighbouring countries. In the 19th century, in the aftermath of the partitions of Poland, it gained patriotic subtext, as the common wish during sharing of "opłatek" became the wish for Poland's regaining its independence. Since that time, "opłatki" are often embossed with religious images. In the 20th century, "opłatek" custom went beyond families and gained another meaning: the meeting of present or past co-workers or students.

See also

 Christmas in Poland
Aparon

References

External links

 Opłatki Wafers: Preserving Polish Christmas Eve Tradition. Visited 1/3/2005.
 Christmas Customs and Traditions
 Sharing my Own Christmas traditions
  Oplatki information for non-Poles in Poland

Christmas food
Polish traditions
Polish cuisine
Lithuanian cuisine
Lithuanian traditions
Slovak cuisine
Flatbreads
Christmas in Poland
Christian cuisine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Naval Diary of Naval Engineer Lewis C.F.C. Laesch, who served aboard the U.S.S. Pequot, during the first half of 1864, and kept a daily diary of activities, from January 1, 1864, until May 20, 1864. Lewis Laesch was born in the German State of Mecklenburg in 1844, immigrated to the United States with his father (Louis or Lewis, possibly originally Ludwig), settled in Philadelphia and was educated at Pennsylvania Polytechnic College. He joined the U.S. Navy at age 19, and was assigned to duty aboard the U.S.S. Pequot. The diary recounts his observations near Boston, Massachusetts, Portsmouth, Virginia and near the ports of Beaufort and Wilmington, North Carolina. During his time in waters off North Carolina the Pequot captured the notorious blockade runner Don. A very bad sore on his left foot impeded him from certain duties, and his resignation from the Navy was accepted on May 24, 1864.
Read more on the Treasures site or see the diary itself in the North Carolina Digital Collections.
This entry was posted in Online Tools and tagged 1864, diaries, digital projects, military-navy, North Carolina Digital Collections. Bookmark the permalink.


Make timely payments for credit cards, mobile phones, electricity bills and all other credit accounts. You once had a credit card with a limit of thousands, now everything that requires a credit check is an obstacle. Enhance your credit rating | Ocean Finance Also, you might miss out on the best quotes, so it's worth taking some your while to try to enhance your creditworthiness. First thing to do is examine your credit reports and fix any errors on there. We have three major credit bureaus that are used by lenders: Ecuifax and Expertian are offering free 30-day testing for their credit reporting services and CallCredit is offering a site named Noddle which is currently free.
Verify that your credit history includes your actual credit information. One credit cardholder's credit cardholder, such as the bad credit cardholder of Ocean - APR 34 prestigious. 4%, allows you to obtain a credit with a relatively low credit line. Open your cards! When you have a credit or debit card, try not to use it to make withdrawals.
Creditors often see this as bad management of money*. Also, some creditors will decline to authorize mortgage lending for those who have used short-term credit for the same purpose. Also, the payment of your cell bill a few day too late can affect your credit rating. Debit notes are a good way to ensure that your invoices are settled on schedule without you having to remind yourself to do so.
In the past, if you shared your financial affairs with someone, but went your own ways, it might be worthwhile to write to the credit bureaus and ask them to let you know about the separation. Attempt not to request credit for batches at the same go as it shows on your credit reports and creditors can see it as a token of despair.
It' much better to scale your uses, for example, if you plan to file a mortgage application in three month, it is a good idea to delay the application for many credit cards. For more information about credit cards and how to successfully submit an application, click here.


It's that time again folks: time for another release of our WordPress plugin!
Version 2.8 is available right now in the WordPress Plugin Directory, and you'll be prompted to upgrade within your WordPress admin panel in the next few hours if you're already running it. With this version you'll be able to install our IntenseDebate widgets directly through your WordPress admin panel without having to insert them directly into your theme.
To add an IntenseDebate widget to your sidebar, select the Appearance tab in your WordPress admin panel sidebar → select Widgets → drag the IntenseDebate widget from the Available Widgets or Inactive Widgets area on the left into the Sidebar area on the right. When you see a dashed line appear, you can drop the widget into place. You can also change the order of the widgets by dragging and dropping them around in the sidebar.
Please note: in order to use this widget install method, your theme must support widgets.
As a part of our most recent release, we tweaked and improved our main site. You'll now find that it's much easier to get around and more enjoyable overall.
We've also created an Add-ons page, which contains all of the Intense Debate widgets (Blog Stats, Recent Comments, My Recent comments and Top commenters) as well as instructions for Feedflare integration and a list of all your comment feeds! It's now easier than ever to subscribe to your friends feeds, aggregate your own feed or one of your Intense Debate-enabled blogs. You also have an aggregated feed for all your blogs, and feeds that keep you up to date with comments awaiting moderation. All served on a silver plate.
How do you like the improvements? Please comment below, we have installed a great commenting system that makes it really easy.
Comment Widgets Update + Addition!
After our last big release we got so much positive feedback that we've decided to update our widgets as well.
Today we're happy to present you with a refreshed version of our three different Comment Widgets, and also a new one! We call the fourth spawn the Blog Stats Widget. It's a slick, tiny appetizer mainly created for bragging. Have a peek at it to the right, then go ahead and install it!
The changes aren't just visual, though. We've rewritten all of the widgets from the ground up to make them faster than ever before.
So if you haven't already installed one of these great widgets check them out. They're available on your blog widgets page as well as on your personal widgets page.
We are iterating fast and furiously over here at Intense Debate. Our latest release includes a healthy list of updates and features.
First, what you will immediately notice is our site remake. This new look is complements of Isaac and features new button as well as other improvements.
For publishers, a primary concern with their comments is data control. We will be taking steps to show that we are genuine in our intentions and allow publishers access to their comment data. The first solution we are providing was released last night and allows publishers to download an xml file with their comment data whenever they feel like it. We want to be a friend to publishers and this solution will keep with that theme.
Last, but certainly not the least, for all you widget lovers we are making another available. It is a top commenters widget that displays the users that make the most comments on your blog. It displays an avatar, screename, reputation, and their rank. Best of all, the widget includes "Chameleon" capability and will adapt to the surrounding blog colors and fonts, just like the other widgets.
As always, feedback is welcome anytime. You can visit our forums and also contact me directly: josh at intensedebate dot com should you have any questions or feedback.


This is Joanna's first role working with ISO certification, working as the Account Coordinator she understands the importance of keeping the client up to date every step of the way and will always communicate an honest and approachable relationship. She is very customer focused and has developed this through her previous positions within Social Housing and the Arts.
Her role is to support the delivery of the ISO Certification Service through establishing and maintaining relationships with clients and agents. She is your welcoming point of contact for current clients and is happy to help with any queries regarding ISO certification.