text:
Anti-Bacterial Plastic Wrap Clings To Hope Of Stopping Superbugs' Spread
Kristina Panos
Researchers at McMaster University in Ontario have developed a plastic wrap that repels viruses and bacteria, including some of the scariest antibiotic-resistant superbugs known to science. With the help of a scanning electron microscope, the researchers were able to watch superbugs like MRSA and Pseudomonas bounce right off the surface.
The wrap can be applied to things temporarily, much like that stuff you wrestle from the box and stretch over your leftovers. It can also be shrink-wrapped to any compatible surface without losing effectiveness. The ability to cover surfaces with bacteria-shielding armor could have an incredible impact on superbug populations inside hospitals. It could be shrink-wrapped to all kinds of things, from door handles to railings to waiting room chair armrests to the pens that everyone uses to sign off on receiving care.
Everything bounces right off the surface, including that classic blue testing liquid. Image via SciTech Daily
According to the CDC, there are more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections reported in the United States each year, resulting in over 35,000 deaths. These superbugs are most prevalent and dangerous in hospitals and other medical settings like nursing homes, and they're especially threatening to the weakened immune systems of chemo patients, dialysis patients and anyone undergoing surgery.
The superbug crisis pivots on the point that antibiotics are a double-edged sword. As they fight infection, they also weaken immune systems, which allows antibiotic-resistant bugs to proliferate in easily-won battlegrounds. Doctors have little choice but to use more toxic and potentially ineffective types of antibiotics to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. On top of everything else, these drugs are often more expensive.
One of the first lines of defense for avoiding large-scale superbug threats in the first place is protecting the food supply. This fantastic plastic could really beef up sanitation practices at food-packaging plants where salmonella and E. coli lurk.
Lotus leaves, close and closer. Images via Lotus Rock and William Thielicke (inset)
The key to this antibacterial trampoline is in the surface topography. It's made of of microscopic wrinkles meant to mimic the lotus effect — that repellent property of lotus leaves that makes water bead on their surface.
Lotus leaves are covered with tiny pointed bumps that disrupt the surface so much that water is unable to settle and spread out. The tips of these bumps are coated in a wax secreted by the plant that furthers its hydrophobic properties. They are often described as self-cleaning, because the beaded water droplets carry dirt particles away with them.
The researchers say they also treated their plastic wrap chemically "to further enhance its repellent properties", though it's unclear what chemical they're talking about. Hopefully, it's something innocuous that acts like wax.
Door knob on the Ribe Cathedral in Denmark. Image credit: Wolfgang Sauber CC BY-SA 3.0
Where Did All the Brass Door Knobs Go?
Our more experienced readers might recall that we already have a kind of antibacterial door knob technology, and it's been around for quite a long time.
Copper, brass, and silver all exhibit the oligodynamic effect, which means they are slowly poisonous to bacteria. Many door knobs and public surfaces used to be made of brass to take advantage of the biocidal effect. This would only go so far in the hospital setting, because the effect takes several hours.
So why aren't all door knobs still made of brass? Who can really say? Tastes change, brass tarnishes, and people forget about the oligodynamic effect. C'est la vie.
MRSA black light poster via The Independent
Resistance May Be Futile
At first blush, this special wrap sounds like something we'd want to put absolutely everywhere, like all public surfaces and our phones. MRSA and other antibiotic-resistant superbugs don't exist solely within hospital walls, after all. But not all forms of bacteria are bad — in fact, plenty of good bacteria called gut flora lives in our intestines. It's an important part of our immune system that keeps us from getting sick every single time we encounter a new pathogen. If every public surface was covered in this stuff, we couldn't pick up germs nearly as well because they wouldn't stick anywhere.
From a practical standpoint, this stuff is only going to be useful if that special surface can stand up to the wear and tear of hospital environments without being crushed or worn away. It would also have to survive the frequent, rigorous, and probably bleach-based cleaning routines. One little scratch or ding in the armor, and you have a disgusting little critter crevice crawling with superbugs.
Let's say this stuff is everywhere ten or fifteen years from now. Is there a downside to repelling so much bacteria? Where will it all go? Will it gang up? Would it mean an increase in airborne bacteria? And what about that secret sauce chemical they treated the plastic wrap with to make it more repellent? Will we regret exposing ourselves to it?
That said, the researchers don't intend for this stuff to be the answer to the superbug problem, just a weapon in the arsenal. It seems to us to be worth a shot to use it in medical facilities, but of course, time will tell.
Main image via CTV News
Posted in Featured, Interest, News, ScienceTagged antibacterial, E coli, hospital, McMaster University, MRSA, salmonella, shrink wrap
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45 thoughts on "Anti-Bacterial Plastic Wrap Clings To Hope Of Stopping Superbugs' Spread"
"So why aren't all door knobs still made of brass?"
Warning! The State of California blah, blah, bla…
cliff claven says:
Way back, red metals were the easy ones to cast- aluminum was not available until the late 1800's- and held good detail in the styles of the time, as well as being easy to cast in thin shells for low weight. Easy finish work, easy machining, and a nice look sold it. As formed (pressed sheet) knobs took over in the early 1900's, brass was still the go-to, as it forms easily. Nothing to do with control of bacteria. Pure practicality.
Price killed red metals. Steel got cheap, pressing and forming steel into complex shapes became economical, and we had brass plated steel at low cost. The plating tended to hold up pretty well, but was generally coated (varnish) to minimize the need for polishing. Polishing, after all, would take the plating off. Essentially, at this point (prior to the 1950's, but I don't have an actual date. I would guess WWII pushed the tech and the baby boom pushed the price and supply volume), red was dead in economical household hardware.
As time went on, more industrial looks came into style, and chromed looks, and so on, all of which are seen most in two basic forms: Stamped and pressed steel with plating (lower end) and more expensive cast-and-machined (higher end). There are other forms, but, specialty hardware aside, the traditional cast knobs and hardware are priced out of the general market, formed (pressed, spun, etc) red metals cost enough more than steel that they are priced out of the market, as well.
Nothing to do with the state of CA.
qwert says:
Yeah, yeah. Typical ignorant rant about California cancer warnings. Learn about the subject a bit. Be glad your air isn't still full of tetraethyl lead and countless other ghastly things. The reason the warnings and regulation seem absurd now has a lot to do with the fact that they've been in effect for decades and have prevented a lot of suffering, making them seem silly or mundane.
regulations get absurd when they've served their purpose, but those who create and enforce these regulations would be out of a job, so they pile on more regulations and justify them based on the successes of the past. When your state adds a special fuel tax to fund "alternative vehicles" that are exactly the same sorts of vehicles the public are explicitly never allowed to put on the street (or now run on their own land if they're once-licensed conversions) then you're well beyond "silly". Or when companies that are needed to produce the halo electric vehicles or much vaunted solar cells are prevented by regulation to ever make them (cannot use gold , required in medical and other "mission critical" boards) in this state. And even when all those chinese panels and indonesian circuit boards are brought in, if your factory floor gets too big and "uses too much energy" or noise or whatever (which is a big concern of Zero, the EV motorcycle manufacturer) you have to move. Even Musk couldnt build the gigafactory and make the critical Model 3 batteries here. Regulations should be taken one at a time for consideration. Not slammed whole cloth, nor defended with triggered derision because of past successes
Buddy, you've totally lost the point of conversation. I believes we were talking about California cancer warnings not any of the below:
1) Regulation ensuring that car "enthusiasts" don't Dunning-Kruger themselves into a wall at 60mph after flattening their neighbor's dog.
2) Taxes promoting the spread of vehicles that emit less CO2, at the cost of ones that emit more.
3) Making it quite difficult to set up industries that just pump out the nastiest fluorine chemical wastes like it's going out of style (batteries and solar cell manufacture)
4) Regulation deciding that factories don't get special treatment, and have to abide by the same laws against being a dick to your neighbors that everyone else does.
I think those superbugs will bounce off of the plastic and into your lungs.
Shoe says:
> The researchers say they also treated their plastic wrap chemically "to further enhance its repellent properties", though it's unclear what chemical they're talking about. Hopefully, it's something innocuous that acts like wax.
The full paper says a layer of fluorosilane, via silica nanoparticles and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. It seems that (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane can be nasty but I've no idea how stable it is once bound to something.
You know what else can stop super bugs? Phage therapy. I don't know why they don't actually use it in a clinical setting, but it's highly effective.
Daniel Scott Matthews says:
⬆ This! ⬆ With advances in just the tech we have now we could soon see the automatic detection and identification of pathogens followed by the automated synthesis of the appropriate phage and or antibodies to counter it, all in a fast operating, cheap and compact device.
Jul13 says:
Not profitable
Another thing that helps more than perhaps any other factor is single-payer healthcare. The EU has on average a tenth the exposure of US hospitals. Largely because of the healthcare culture promoted by commodified medicine, insurance company grifting, and the resulting emergency room abuse. Profitable hospitals also try and pack people in as much as possible/downsize or shuffle around patients to keep their facilities at an efficient state of full capacity.
One of the only countries over there with worse MRSA rates is Israel. They have private insurance, too. Bacteria will eventually adapt to this plastic crap; It's a perfect environment for developing adaptations to whatever they throw at it. None of this private healthcare scam works at all. This is only one a countless reasons that it's inferior and simply must go unless we want generations of physical and mental drain all across our society. Well worth the extra taxes, imo, which would end up cheaper than compulsory insurance anyway.
[citation needed]
Miroslav says:
Yep. Less guns, more butter. Or in this case, universal health care.
What's the old saying, those who spend their money on butter will have their butter eaten by those who spend their money on guns.
Greenaum says:
Sure, but you only need so many guns. The US isn't really in any danger of invasion. Their military-industrial complex is out of control, I think because the arms companies are so hugely profitable, thanks to their hands in the taxpayers' pocket. They very much want to keep that hand there, they have shareholders to please. Spending a part of that fortune on "lobbying" / flat-out bribing politicians, thereby creating a situation where there always has to be a war with somebody. So that all those $billions can save us soldiers' lives!
"Another thing that helps more than perhaps any other factor is single-payer healthcare"
hey Bernie, hows that working out in countries that have it?
Chris Maple says:
Many people have died waiting to see a doctor in "single payer" countries. Of course, they don't get counted in the hospital's mortality rate.
People who take proper care of themselves have very little need for medical care, but politicians and other thieves still want to take their money and give it to people who are sick because they eat Twinkies and Coke. That's injustice.
From what I understand the problem with phage therapy is finding the right phage for the bacteria the patient has, antibiotics are a shotgun, phages are more sniper rifles.
RW ver 0.0.1 says:
Woohoo, we're all going to starve to death in 50 years when this is reduced to environmental microplastics and has sterilised the soil and oceans.
Maave says:
It only repels, it doesn't kill
The superbug crisis pivots on the point that antibiotics are a double-edged sword. As they fight infection, they also weaken immune systems, which allows antibiotic-resistant bugs to proliferate
Um. False.
JustMeAgain says:
It's mostly the result of misuse, i.e. patients not following the instructions, not finishing the whole course of treatment because some ideological lunatic said people should stop taking any medication as soon as they feel better.
The result is a form of selective breeding which selects for antibiotic resistance.
AFAIK Cleaning surfaces is a simple as a swipe of alcohol, or a mind bleach distillation. Antibiotic resistance is not resistant to chemicals. For airborne infections, I remember reading about a trial with an ionizer that resulted in complete elimination of airborn infections during the trial. Apparently the ionized air sufficiently damaged bacteria and viruses to destroy them. The problem with antibiotic resistant bacteria is what to do once they enter the body.
Ah, mind bleach, essential supply for Internet using!
Anti-fungal medications are the best-selling over-the-counter pharmaceutical products on the planet. Clearly there are many millions of people suffering from untreated fungal disease. It is. estimated that more than half of all nursing home deaths are exacerbated by fungal infections. Yet the entire industry refuses to acknowledge the existence of fungus infections. Doctors fail to diagnose them, research fails too do anything about them, concentrating exclusively on virii and bacteria.
You may have a point, it is a bit like the mental health situation where they will not admit that they actually cure very few mentally ill people. The specific problem with fungus is the fact that they are more closely related to us so it is harder to find chemicals that disrupt fungal cell metabolism without also hitting a similar pathway in mammalian cells, however I am sure it is doable as it is all just a bioengineering and information technology problem at the lowest level, with the complexity being the current barrier to progress, well that and the denial you mentioned.
Still, there are existing anti-fungal drugs. If they were used more, that'd stimulate research into developing new ones. As you say, it's a solvable problem.
Mental health problems might not be easily cured, though it depends, some are a result of life experience, some are organic brain problems, like schizophrenia. Although there's some very interesting research into the role of the gut, and therefore food, in schizophrenia, surprisingly enough.
The treatment for mental health is often about managing it, so the person can live life as best they can. Talk therapy gives them tools to manage their worse tendencies, and drugs apparently help, although SSRIs have been found to be no better than placebo in trials. The older stronger drugs work though, although they often have side-effects, though often that's just tiredness, solved by taking them before bed.
RoboMonkey says:
You know what really does a number for bacteria et al….Ceramics. How about some ceramic coated doorknobs?
They were quite popular many years ago. Porcelain and glass, both. I have no idea whether they are better than stainless in this respect, but they were costly, fragile, and the glass ones were heavy.
I don't believe ceramics, by themselves, are bactericidal. There are, however, commercial products with a antimicrobial covering/glaze. For example:
https://www.microban.com/antimicrobial-solutions/applications/antimicrobial-ceramics
That covering may well just be antibacterial plastic. I believe that's what Microban make. Supermarkets use it, and you can buy plastic products with it in, things like chopping boards being an obvious one. If it's just plastic you could cover any doorknob with it.
It's typically just a bit of silver in the material. Works not too poorly, actually.
KenN says:
A shout-out for McMaster in Hamilton. I lived in Hamilton for almost 7 years, and stole one of their women.
A bit more seriously, both my Dad and my wife's Dad died from complications caused by superbugs. When that was going on, I tried to look for anything that would help, and phage therapy was on the top of my list. Phage therapy was used mostly behind the Iron Curtain, while the west mainly used antibiotics which are cheaper. Unfortunately, phage therapy isn't (or at least wasn't) being used clinically in North America. It's harder to treat people with them because first they have to analyse the infections and then find phages that will hit that particular strain. With wider use, I expect that the selection process could become more efficient.
The place for this new superbug-resistant plastic is in hospitals – particularly in operating theatres and recovery rooms, because that is the most common place for the worst superbugs to intersect with vulnerable patients and fresh wounds. Outside of hospitals, we encounter bugs and superbugs daily, yet very very few of us get sick from them. The majority of superbug infections are contracted in hospitals.
Phage therapy is hard, and has a long history of poor success in the wild. There are a few prominent examples of reputed successes (Strathdee's book being a big name one this year), but there is not a lot of peer reviewed, reproduced work. Many of the reports from the former USSR are questionable.
As a side note, I am a case study from the late 1980's. I nearly died from tonsillitis, resistant to EVERY antibiotic available, and was one of the first (maybe the first?) infection resistant to Ciprofloxin in the wild. Hit me when I was in California for grad school interviews, and changed my career path due to the hospital time and recovery time. (I missed my Caltech and by Cal interviews, and was non-compis-mentis due to the infection for UCSD)
Phage therapy also has the inherent issue of reproducibility as the phages cannot be well standardized but mutate spontaneously, gaining or losing function. One of the dirty secrets that none of the phage proponents talk about.
Too bad the core of the invention isn't really related to superbugs at all but they are used to inflate the claimed usefulness.
M H says:
While surface treatments like this are interesting to help control,
worth reminding that one of the major drivers of this problem is the overuse/inappropriate use of antibiotics.
In medical situations 30-50% of antibiotic use in US inappropriate. (Wrong medication, not a bacterial infection, does not follow correct course of dosing, etc.)
Antibiotics are used in many non-medical contexts (healthy livestock, soaps, consumer goods, …)
Other countries antibiotics are over the counter, so probably even more misuse.
All this helps breed resistant organisms.
Misuse of antibiotics also remove normal microbiome, so resistant organisms have better chance.
ZDogg MD, Dawn of the Diff
a nice music video about perils of antibiotic misuse
Within the US antibiotic use also varies widely. Half as many prescriptions per capita on west coast as in the area from the great lakes down to the gulf coast.
Even within the US, there is wide variation in the number of antibiotic prescriptions per person. Some states have an average of twice as many antibiotic prescriptions per person as others.
(e.g., West coast are low, great lakes to gulf coast much higher (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississipi, Kentucky, Tennessee, W VA.))
This is a despicable oversell on part of the marketing department of McMaster or the researchers themselves. There is nothing special about superbugs! They are actually even weaker against classical environmental challenges compared to normal bacteria since the antibiotics resistance has to be traded against something. It's nice that they made this material but a) will it not be stable enough to last any practical use and b) will it not only repel the superbugs but also evil AIDS viruses, Zika, killer germs from space, nuclear zombie bacteria and plain water. What a joke! It's a cool material, no question but there is so much fluff here, its shameful.
"Annually, approximately 2 million patients suffer with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the USA, and nearly 90,000 are estimated to die. The overall direct cost of HAIs to hospitals ranges from US$28 billion to 45 billion. While the range is wide, HAIs are clearly expensive."
… so yeah, superbugs in hospitals are kind of special.
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text:
Title: The effectiveness of the law on refugees in Uganda: a case study of Congolese refugees
Authors: Kahubire, Sharon
Keywords: Law
Congolese refugees
Issue Date: Jul-2011
Publisher: Kampala International University, School of Law
Abstract: We have seen for a very long time how Uganda as a country has been flooded by refugees from all over the world however the greatest inflow of refugees was from the Congolese people after the first and second Congo war which caused a whole lot of them to migrate from their country seeking for shelter and safety in the neighboring countries, Uganda however welcomed many of those and along the years they became permanent residents waiting for the Congo war to subsidize and eventually return to their country. However it should be noted that much as they are refugees in a foreign country they are entitled to particular rights according to international instruments and domestic laws governing that particular country. This research paper looks at how the law both domestic and international has been effective enough to these Congolese refugees living in Uganda. The paper centers on the problems that have been faced by the refugees and how the law has come in to ensure that the refugees get adequate and maximum security while living in a foreign country, it also looks at the loopholes that are in the law itself in administering justice to these refugees. The paper further looks at the some recommendations that these international and domestic instruments or, the countries implementing such laws in their governance ought to look at in order to see to the effectiveness of the law on refugees living in Uganda, and probably those undergoing a similar scenario in other countries. Furthermore the research is centered on how the refugees are handling the pressure of leaving in a foreign country, more so how life is like living in the camps, and how the government of Uganda has come out to ensure that the conditions under which they are living are good.
Description: A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Law in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award the Bachelors Degree of Legal Laws (LLB) of Kampala International University.
Appears in Collections: Bachelor of Laws
img-0178 Uploaded.pdf Full Text 1.75 MB Adobe PDF View/Open

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Steve Buzza tries 'The Brick' Edel putter and discusses if simple could be the way to better putting.
I've recently gone back to a 2 ball putter. I would love the new Odyssey putters in a 330 shape, but they seemed to have dumped that for some reason.
I never use to be a fan of the look of Edel putters but after watching some of your videos I'm coming round to quite liking them.
On a different note .. Any chance you'll be able to review some Asia market on golf clubs? Would be interesting to see how they compare to mass market clubs.
Steven what happened…..your usually so well dressed but that shirt is horrendous.
Cmon Steve. Get some content out. Miss your stuff.


text:
tv Bloomberg West Bloomberg April 29, 2016 6:00pm-7:01pm EDT
and the laws of our -- laws of armed conflict were not followed according to the u.s. head of central command. >> however, the investigation did not conclude that these actions are a war crime. it won't run is usually bit -- a war crime is usually reserved for intentional acts. mark: it comes just days after another hospital run by doctors without borders in syria was hit by an attack. the airstrike, blamed on government forces, left over 50 day. less than welcome greeting for donald trump in berlin, california today. he arrived to address the state's gop convention. he said it was like "crossing the border." a six-story building collapse.
four people are hospitalized. the cousin of the high demand for housing in nairobi, some property developers bypass building regulations to cut costs and maximize profits. i am mark crumpton. ♪ emily: i am emily chang, and this is "bloomberg west." it has been a dramatic week for tech stocks. apple sending the s&p 500 to its lowest drop since february with amazon checking in for its best profit yet. app pulled off a big-time coup today, scoring a one every kind of deal. will snapchat revolutionized the way we watch the olympics?
the onslaught of earnings continues. we'll hear from the ceos of linkedin and pandora. their vision for a pass for -- for a path forward. we have now gotten financial updates on some of the biggest tech companies. for some, investors may remember this week as a time momentum really shifted one way or another. gave markok, earnings zuckerberg the chance to ask for more freedom. on the other hand, twitter ceo jack dorsey is on more -- is under more pressure than ever. perhaps a better example of divergence in tech stories is apple and amazon. apple's first sales decline in 13 years marked an end to an unprecedented growth streak that lasted 51 straight quarters. $51 billion market cap in one hour the next day. the knockout punch, billionaire carl icahn saying there is no
more money for apple stocks. amazon posting its most profitable quarter in 20 years, giving ceo jeff bezos the title of world's fourth richest once again. for more, bloomberg staff reporter jeffrey c only, kathy would in new york, and jeff in san diego. what is the most significant about what we saw this week? the --biggest story in story ended up being apple. it is down seven straight days. it lost 11% over the past five days. what happened was, after the market closed tuesday, the stock was down about 6.3% on wednesday. it wasn't until thursday that we really saw apple hit the red and start dragging down the rest of the market. icahn, had- carl
about 2:00 p.m. eastern on tuesday, said he sold most of his apple shares, which is an about-face for investor who, even as recently as last year, was saying the market cap once -- the market cap could go up. it is really the inflection point that we saw with the s&p that drag us down about 1.5% for the week. at thei believe icahn, time, spend some time with kit -- with tim cook. >> you believe that it could be a major inflection point? >> yes, i think so. -- carle implosion icahn is in trouble anyway, so let's take carl off the table. specifically the decline in terms of revenues and the iphone -- it's self, that is the end of an era. it is happening across smart
devices and mobile phones in general. the years of hypergrowth are over. an awful lot of what has happened in technology right economy overpp the the last 10 years. amazon, in late 2014, really turned a corner on amazon web services, something they have been investing in for the better part of a decade. that is now an engine of growth and profit. on year-over-year growth what will probably be a $10 billion business, according to jeff bezos. it is kind of going to turn into the kind of death star for other companies that apple was four or five years ago, sucking revenues and profits. at 5:00 p.m., oracle and a host of others. we are going -- we are seeing this kind of change of leadership. emily: kathy, you hold amazon
and also apple. what is your take on this idea? kathy: we have been prepared for some weakness here as we transition from one to the next. we have a debate within our ,irm, but we believe that apple our next generation web team thinks that apple could become more of a recurring revenue model if it moves to this $32 per month you pay and you get an upgrade every year. if they can do that and bring on services, which actually accelerated this last quarter, if they can get services going and get this idea going that apple can be a recurring revenue kind and not a boom-bust of model, then we think the multiple, which is very low, could expand. they have their app store, streaming music. we think there is a little more hope there than other people
believe. emily: let's talk about jack dorsey having a great week with square and a not so great week with twitter. was onounder of twitter earlier this week and had this to say about how long a turnaround will take. >> do you think things have gone into a some kind of time chamber with a master ceo advisor and come out 40 years? he is like super good at this now. emily: do you think it will take a decade? biz: it could take longer than six months. give it a couple of years. i am holding on to my equity, that's for sure. bizy: just ahead of that, said jack thinks in decades, wall street thinks and quarters. -- thinks and quarters. it is a lovely thought but
sort of a soft statement. if you really want to spend time and -- paul: if you really want to spend time, do it public. that is really what has to happen here. we are many years of change before we see a new twitter emerge. i think it is a very naive way of thinking about how investors look at your company. it is something i have a lot of trouble with. emily: i want to talk about facebook, which crushed it. mark zuckerberg asked for a new stack -- a new class of stocks. i asked what that actually means. >> i think a new class is a tricky issue. when things are going well, it is a good thing. when things aren't going so well, it can be a bad thing. this particular juncture, i think he has earned the right to continue to steer the ship because he is steering in a great way. emily: what is your reaction to that? cathie: he has done such an
amazing job. he has kept his eye on the ball. engagement, artificial intelligence. that to continue maximizing engagement, continue people spending time with facebook, moving from 50 minutes to, he hopes, hours. i think he has done a great job and he will make some tough moves like buying whatsapp, from time to time, but they end up being the right moves. emily: they say he will be making more bold moves in the future. thank you all. summer, you could be watching the olympics in snapchat. we break down the details of the company's new deal with comcast and what it says about the cable giants visions in the energy. ♪
emily: in today's rolling door, it tj rodgers is academic -- tj rodgers is exiting the company he founded. the changing of the guard comes with an admission from the 68-year-old industry legend that he didn't want to continue being tied down with operating a 7000 employee company. rogers says the first quarter report, his 120th, would be his last. this summer, when the time comes to watch the olympics, you may tune in via snapchat. the social messaging app has reached a deal with comcast-nbc to share highlights on a designated channel curated by buzzfeed. thatwill be the first time
transmission of the lipids will happen on a mobile platform. they have reached a demographic in the united states and they say snapchat is important to assemble the large audience that will show up to watch the olympics. snapchat said users watch 10 billion videos on the app every day. bloombergscuss is our intelligence analyst and our media reporter, jerry smith, in new york. is it that comcast would give away olympic highlights for free to a company like snapchat? >> this is actually the first said,hat nbc has, as you given away programming for the olympics. they spend a lot of money getting the rights for this and they are very protective of it. i think nbc and a lot of other media companies are realizing youngerng -- that
audiences are not really watching television the way they used to. doing a partnership with snapchat to sort of and ties them. they are on snapchat, watching some of these user created videos, and nbc is betting that this will entice them to also tune in to watch the olympics live. emily: do you feel that they would also share advertising revenue? gerry: that's right. there is advertising opportunities here as well. that is a big thing that snapchat is really trying to convince media companies is that we have this huge audience of young people and we can also sell ads that way. earlier this week, you expressed skepticism about snapchat's ability to scale enough to justify a $60 billion valuation does this change her mind? -- valuation. does this change your mind?
>> viacom, sharing of ad revenues with them, and now nbc. it is great that the content cycle is growing. the younger audiences there. the problem with scaling is that you need to have this platform to be a lot more programmatic. surveys,ok at marketer they suggest that there is more work to be done on measurement that they can derive out of these platforms. there is some risk in terms of like meeting those expectations longer-term. they should be fine with these deals on going. they need to really execute on making a platform or programmatic. -- platform more programmatic. a partnership with snapchat will be happening via buzzfeed, which nbc is an investor in. what do you make of this sort of
new media company that comcast is becoming relative to a company like disney? if you think of comcast, it really started as a cable company. they sold you cable tv service. that is a business that is really maturing. there is a certain amount of cord cutting going on where people can't blame their tv service. for are kind of looking growth from other divisions. they are really looking to compete with disney in animated films and theme parks. buzzfeed is deal -- going to be working with nbc during the olympics. deal that$200 million they made with buzzfeed last year. this is one of the first times where nbc is planning to use that invest the with buzzfeed to try and reach younger audiences, people on snapchat, young people online who aren't watching
television as much. emily: it is fascinating to watch. thank you both. coming up, linkedin reporting a healthy root -- a healthy quarter, but what more can they do took salary growth? ♪
emily: linkedin is getting a boost from a healthy earnings report wednesday. i sat down with jeff weiner earlier and asked how he handles the volatility. the: at the end of the day, volatility, we will leave that to the market. the day-to-day price, and we determine the long-term value through execution. we are going to continue to focus on executing the business. it was a positive quarter for us. we were able to focus on fewer things done better. we saw the consumer engagement accelerate by virtue of a new
application we launched, which also accelerated our desktop growth. we continue to focus on our core business product, such as recruiter and sponsored content. emily: why using linkedin shares have been so volatile after earnings? it seems like investors have such a strong reaction. jeff: you would have to ask the investors. volatility, and at times we're going to do our best try to provide any visibility we can't -- provide as much visibility as we can into the business. as our business continues to grow, we are introducing something additional lines, and i think it takes time to have people learn those businesses and calibrate expectations. you said that the addressable market for linkedin is $12 billion.
you are penetrated about 20% there. if the market is large and penetration is low, why can't you grow that business faster, like a facebook? jeff: the objective is to grow the business faster over time. we are investing in our recruiter application. we just rolled out the next generation version of that application. it is a complete overhaul, the largest overhaul of its kind in the seven years we have been operating that product. rolled out to new skews, and we see a growth catalyst in our career pages. we have also been investing in our job seeker application and the active job seeker use case on linkedin. that has become one of the fastest-growing parts of the site. all of this should help future growth. emily: that is two thirds of your business. would you say that the business is now mature or saturated
because growth is decelerating? jeff: hardly saturated. dollars multi-billion that we believe we could further penetrate by virtue of these new products that we are rolling out and improvements to existing products. positive growth ahead. emily: let's talk about mobile engagement that is driving the ad business. how much do you see growth accelerating in a digital ad market where facebook and google are king? jeff: we are focused on the b to b components of that. we think we bring unique data and context. sponsored content has been our fastest growing scale at this time. growth drivers continue to be acceleration of engagement, engaged sessions, which generates the inventory for our sponsored content business, increase in the
number of customers who are sticking around and purchasing more. improvements to targeting. we're going to continue to develop and improve our apis. we are starting to pile off network sales of sponsored content as well. all of those things could contribute to future growth in that part of the business. emily: let's talk about china. you have 20 million members now, more than the 18 million a couple of months ago. have developed a china team. when we spoke, you said that you have hardly cracked the core -- cracked the code, i should say. what would it take to crack the code? jeff: we're going to continue to learn the best way to meet the needs of members and customers in the market as long as we are there. we started by localizing the global platform. we have been seeing very strong growth in terms of new members.
we also launched the first localized application in china and recently, we saw sign-ups growing in parallel with the core platform, which was very encouraging. we are just going to continue to learn. we have a very talented team in place, and as we continue to grow the membership, we are now increasingly turning our attention to engagement. mass,hat reaches critical we will focus more on modernization. seey: at what point will we the scale contribute more meaningfully to the business? jeff: it is contributing today. it is still early days. selfnk everyone would like navigator and our sales solution business to replicate the success and growth trajectory of recruiter. our talent solution business is now well north of $2 billion. it is a hard act to follow, but
we had a great team in place and i feel we're off to a strong start. emily: given that linkedin is becoming more of a mature company, do you need to hire some more enterprise, sales focus people who can take the business to the next level? i definitely think we have the right team in place. it is really a portfolio of products at this point. we have high growth products, durable growth products, and we're going to continue to invest in those opportunities. durables of more growth, we are focused more on marginal expansion. i think we have exact team in place to make those of -- to make both of those things possible. emily: how would you describe the macro environment? we have seen other tech companies take a hit due to currency issues, for example. jeff: we haven't seen any material impact to the business. as a matter of fact, after the first quarter, or going into the
first quarter i should say, we talked a little bit about some challenges in the asia-pacific. we actually saw strength across all of our business lines. a measure that is as much a statement -- across all of our business lines in india. we didn't really see any impact macroeconomic forces. emily: my conversation with linkedin ceo jeff weiner. --zon about to get louder pandora thousand to get louder after losing much revenue over the past year. a familiar face as ceo. ♪ [ cheering ]
thank you! thank you! what a week! we sat down, we kicked back, and we watched tv! [ cheering ] this win is just the beginning! it doesn't end here. because your laundry can wait! keep those sweatpants on! order another pizza! and watch on! [ cheering ]
don't wait a whole year for xfinity watchathon week to return. upgrade now to add the premium channel of your choice so you can keep watching. call or go online today. mark: i'm mark crumpton, you're watching "bloomberg west." india to go to mike pence is endorsing ted cruz for president.
week in thetes next indiana primary after getting swept by donald trump in five northeastern states on tuesday. >> i'm not against anybody, but i will be voting for ted cruz in the upcoming republican primary. mark: the endorsement marks a setback donald trump what appeals to governor pence not to make any endorsement. the justice department has not set a deadline into the investigation into former secretary of state hillary clinton's use of private e-mail to send personal and work correspondence. >> i think we oh it to them to do a full, thorough, and independent review of everything that comes to our attention. we have to be full, thorough, fair, and we don't make predictions on the time. we don't predict the timing of any of our matters.
mark: you can see the entire interview with attorney general lynch tonight on "charlie rose" on bloomberg. president obama in talks with the italian prime minister. the white house didn't the real -- didn't reveal what was on the agenda, but the white house and other countries are struggling to deal with the instability in libya. popeiden also met with francis as they prepare to give separate remarks. norway rescue officials say the search operation is over following a helicopter crash. officials say all 13 on board are presumed dead. waseuro copter ec-225 carrying people from an offshore oilfield when he crashed. the norwegian aviation administration says it is banning all such helicopters to fly. the king and queen are canceling a trip to neighboring sweden because of the crash.
puerto rico's health secretary said the island has recorded its first secret related death. the 78-year-old man died in february. 73 cases have involved pregnant women. -- announcedma in today when he called common sense steps to curb gun violence, including requirements that so-called "smart guns" would have to meet. smart guns use new and enhanced to preventnology accidental shootings or track down a missing gun. the global news 24 hours a day powered by our 24 hour -- our 2400 journalists all around the world. emily: this is "bloomberg west." shares surged in pandora's
trading after an update. listening hours -- listening hours rose classroom percent from a year ago. the stock surge comes at a crucial time for the company, having outlined inexpensive five-year strategy to send off spotify and apple music in february and bring back tim westergren as ceo. i asked him why he was back. tim: i love the company. i have been active. i feel sort of connected, genetically, to the company. i feel like it is the right time for me to take the role. the strategy is intact. the same plan we declared in january is the same plan now. working to build from this huge foundation that we have created, this massive ad supported radio product, and explore -- and
expanded into new features. that pandoraorted had explored a sale earlier this year? it is.tergren -- tim: ahead. we spent 10 years building the underpinnings of a really big business. that is where we are headed. emily: in the corner, active listeners ticked up, but still not a huge increase. what will it take to drive that growth even faster? tim: we have 100 million people come to pandora every three months, and about 80 million every month. the first half is, how you make those quarterly listeners monthly listeners, and then make daily listeners. ce andatalyst for us is auto, making it a habit in more places. we will start rolling out some or expansive features, more on demand, that will allow us to provide for all the things they
want a music in one spot. i think unique listeners, because they hear a song on pandora and they want to rewind it, we want to keep them on pandora. add live events, which will sort of activity completeness of the experience. --ly: a great stats millennials spend more time on pandora then you to. onel, the stock has dropped and 40% over last year. what is it that investors aren't getting. there is a lot of misperception, and that is my job to make sure the story is clear. the engine that drives our song collection, it is a fantastically hard problem. -- even as we have had a lot of competition, hour per listener per hour has continued to increase.
i think that is a reflection of this massive investment we have made in personalization. the second thing is monetization. .e monetize our product those are two strategic pillars for us. i don't think they are well understood, actually. i think we're going to connect the dots in the coming months. emily: what are your plans for an on-demand product, where listeners would choose what comes out next -- comes on next brother than waiting to find out -- comes on next rather than not? tim: the way you think about it is, this is -- the sort of 30 million songs in a search box approach is not what -- is not how we are going to come to this. we have people to come to pandora and we know a ton about them. we have all the sort of precise information about your
preferences, so we can bring you into this interactive environment in a contextually relevant way. take you into music you already know, create playlists. of walkingt problem into the record store where you can have everything, what do you do? like a version 2 of on demand. labels asking for the same rate that they give spotify, 70%? jeff: i would expect it will be in the same ballpark. we have a slightly different approach. we are hoping the labels will look sort of to be flexible on how the products can come to market. i think one of the great opportunities pandora has is to address this huge, tens of millions of listeners who are not the $10 subscribers and haven't really thought about it, to introduce them to premium services, to upsell this middle of listeners.
if we have some flexibility there, i think we can really expand the industry. emily: you said pandora is about to get louder with its advertising. it is time for us to sort of state our claim. we account for more users than youtube. we need to be louder at this time, at this majority in our size. it means to be a stronger marketing presence, we are investing more in marketing this year. as we rollout products, you will see us be more vocal about that and declare what we're doing. emily: beyonce just drop in entire album on tidal, with exclusive streaming rights. could that change the future for tidal? we are seeing more and more artist rebelling against streaming services. will see a handful of artists like beyonce about the
stature to do those kind of things. -- beyonce who have the stature to do those kinds of things. i don't think it will be a trend. i don't think that will stretch beyond sort of the top artist. emily: my interview with newly reinstated pandora ceo tim westergren. , the fitness tracker, just won a ruling that knocked out the last disputes that the u.s. trade agency. the ruling today lessens the chance of an import ban. fitbit currently makes its fitness trackers overseas and ships them to the u.s.. letting thetill plate and pursue claims that fitbit stole trade secrets. coming up, the race for driverless cars pick up. baidu's grand plans for 2020. ♪
emily: cars and trucks make up about 22% of u.s. climate pollution and 17% globally. so, fighting climate change comprehensively will mean gradually reducing that to zero with new vehicles with clean technology and power. electric vehicles could one day be the answer to truly cleaner cars, but for now, the way electric vehicles get their power may be dirtier than you think. needre is a fact -- we cleaner cars of we want to slow down climate change. cars and trucks produce almost one quarter of u.s. green -- u.s. gas emissions in the u.s.. be road to clean cars might longer and dirtier than you think. here's the situation. back in the 90's, europe pushed more diesel cars with tax incentives. the problem is, while diesel engines produce less than gas
engines, they produced a number of horrible -- of harmful pollutants such as dark -- such as nitrogen reacts i. -- nitrogen oxide. the u.s. gave $1 billion to the u.s. auto industry to develop a car that could drive 80 miles to the gallon. that never materialized. 20 years later, the average fuel economy of cars sold in the u.s. is just over 20 miles a gallon. companies have been betting on electric cars. >> why are we making electric cars? it is because it is very important to accelerate the transition to sustainable transport. sayssla boss elon musk electric cars are cleaner than the gas driving counterparts, and are the fastest way to reduce emissions in the transportation sector. some questions whether they are all that clean, pointing out that they often charge their batteries from electricity in coal burning plants.
that is changing as electric grids get greener and increased power demand from electric cars could drive investment in clean energy. but, transforming the world's power grid could take decades. critics say emissions like europe's diesel push and the u.s. supercar show the danger of governments trying to pick winning technologies. fuel-efficientof cars point to california, where rebates to consumers and regulations on manufacturers encourage cleaner technologies. in china, sales of electric vehicles are growing rapidly. not so in india. ine demand for new cars these countries could quickly cancel the progress of the quest for cleaner cars. emily: so, which car companies are leading the race to bring electric vehicles to market? ford announced its plan to release an electric vehicle that would go to hundred miles without a charge and can be with
tesla's model 3. tim, which will be first to market, ford's 200 mile electric car or the model 3? think tesla is winning the race by creating excitement. which isthe model s, fun, but also very expensive. that is what the promise of the model 3 is therefore, kind of a mass-market vehicle that goes to hundred miles within charges -- 200 miles between charges and goes in the $35,000 range. ceo saysnts by ford's that they want to play in that field with tesla, gm, nissan. emily: we did speak with the ford ceo this week. look at battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and full hybrid vehicles, we are the number two seller in the u.s.
across the board of electric vehicles, and the number one seller of plug-in hybrids. we are also investing another $4.5 billion in electric vehicles between now and the end of the decade, so that when we get to the end of the decade, 40% of our nameplates around the world, not just in the u.s., will be electrified. emily: aside from ford and electric carmaker surely be watching over the long-term? maters, -- general motors, this year will have the new boly, which is -- the new bolt, which is their new vehicle. gm has been making a lot of noise for a number of years about how it can create this technology and make it appealing to everyone. bolt, which was essentially an electric vehicle, it had extra
energies that you didn't have the range anxiety, it was not a sales hit. they're hoping that the bolt will take them to that place where they are part of the conversation like tesla. emily: i want to turn to driverless cars. announced a big push, saying it hopes to be mass-producing its own driverless car by 2020. how does the race for driverless cars in china compared to what is going on in the united states? my favorite quote was the ceo who said, we will worry about the business model later. tim: that seems to be a similarity somewhat in the united states as well. , such seeing new entrants as google and possibly apple in this space, trying to figure out where they can play. then, you have legacy companies such as general motors trying to figure out where they can be. in china, these new internet companies trying to figure out
where they can be, and then you have these new startup auto companies in china. one company this month announcing that they went 1200 miles across the country testing and a taunus car. -- an autonomous car. you want to think how you will be in that avant-garde of the technology. emily: obviously, google seems to be, when it comes to self driving cars, going it alone. , are they, and apple doing it on their own or with partnerships? is the big question both in detroit, toyota city, frankfurt, all of the auto capitals of the world. what are these technology companies going to be able to do. do they want to be suppliers or manufacturers? when you talk to google, they don't want to be a manufacturer. your sources telling bloomberg that maybe google and fiat
chrysler are talking about some kind of partnership. 'su look at fiat chrysler ability to make cars. excess capacity is really expected to grow in the next few years. they could turn out to be a situation where they make the vehicles and you can see a google or a tech company essentially providing the brains or the ai for the product. emily: interesting. tim higgins for us in washington. tim higgins of bloomberg news. coming up, we will head to sweden and meet to scientists who might be onto a body break few -- robotic breakthrough. ♪
emily: a story we are watching. yahoo! has shortlisted close to 10 bidders in the auction of its assets, according to reuters. most of those options require cash.
bidders on the shortlist include verizon. yahoo! has declined to comment so far, they are expected to narrow the field of bidders as soon as next week. hasgulatory filing disclosed that marissa mayer will walk away with a $57 million severance package if the process results in a sale that house her from her job. inse revenue -- her painted frequency was down 50% from the your year before with pressure to sell the company. google has just united hardware groups into a new division. rick osterloh will oversee products including nexus phones, the formal -- the former google glass, now called project aura. the company has never fully committed to making its own devices. with smartphones taking on more complex tasks like virtual reality, google is anticipating the need for a better relationship between its software and hardware. another revolving door, the
world's largest advertising company says it is looking for candidates to replace founder and ceo sir martin sorrow. announced plans to retire or step down. to shareholders, wpp says it has a strong list of internal and external candidates should the time,. remains the highest-paid ceo in the u.k.. checkout lines set to move a bit faster. mastercard and visa are seeking to spend up -- to speed up chip-based credit and debit card. customers chipping away at the patience of shoppers and retailers alike. it will require more than one million u.s. merchant locations to upgrade their chip enabled terminals. now, it is time to find out who is having the best day ever. , you can sayr
goodbye to some wait time. uber is setting up a new system in new york, new jersey, dallas, and phoenix, which will charge customers an additional fee for making a driver -- for making a driver wait more than two minutes. cancellation periods will be shortened from five minutes to two minutes. if you happen to be fashionably late, you may want three think that. that doesn't for this edition of "bloomberg west." be sure to tune in next week. we will be speaking to the founder and ceo of the con academy about his vision to bring education into the digital age -- the khan academy. we will bring you the best interviews of the power players in tech media. our interview with twitter cofounder biz stone, why he is
bullish on twitter over the long-term. ♪ ♪
♪ announcer: from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." >> loretta lynch is the 83rd attorney general of the united states, a native of north carolina, graduate of harvard college and graduate school, and a federal prosecutor that rose to be head of the eastern district. she was sworn in a year ago, this week. happy anniversary, welcome to the program. let us start with the issue of crime. this is a national reentry
Bloomberg West
Bloomberg April 29, 2016 6:00pm-7:01pm EDT
Highlighting innovation, technology, media and the future of business.
China 7, Olympics 5, Google 4, Apple 4, Comcast 4, New York 3, Linkedin 3, Donald Trump 3, India 3, Europe 2, Zuckerberg 2, Facebook 2, California 2, Tesla 2, Sweden 2, Beyonce 2, Jeff Bezos 2, Jack Dorsey 2, Pandora 2, Tim Westergren 2
Uploaded by TV Archive on April 29, 2016


Welcome to Sixt van hire in Tewkesbury. All over the United Kingdom we endeavour to ensure our customers access to the best van and truck rental services. Our hire fleet in the United Kingdom includes a range of van rental vehicles for all varieties of transport needs. We strive to make sure each vehicle is up-to-date and maintained to the highest standards. Find a rental van that will suit your requirements on our website and easily book online. Whatever your reason for a van hire in Tewkesbury, the right one can help you achieve your transport goals easier and more efficiently. We have a large range of vehicles which are capable of accommodating just about any transport purpose.
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text:
Richest DJ
The Richest Celebrity
Home Celebrities Comedian Rhett Mclaughlin
Rhett and Link is a celebrated American comedian with a huge fan base. Let's discover her Biography, Net Worth, Age, husband, Family, Affairs, Measurements, Achievements & Much More!
American star Rhett and Link is the most outstanding comedian in entertainment history, and that success has made the superstar a wealthy comedian. She was born on October 11, in Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA. She is currently 42 years years old. She lives at Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA with her family. Rhett holds American citizenship. She is arguably the greatest living comedian in this generation.
Rhett showed an interest in comedy from quite an early age. She first became interested in comedy when she was a child. She quickly became the best comedian in her age group.
Quick Facts Of Rhett and Link
First Name Rhett
Full Name Rhett and Link
Nick Name Rhettmc
Profession Comedian, Actor, Television producer, Presenter, Voice Actor.
Birthday & Zodiac
Birth Sign Libra
Birth Date October 11
Birth Place Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
Residence Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
Citizenship American
Height (Approx) 6′ 7″ (201 cm)
Awards We will update soon.
Nominations We will update soon.
Family & Relatives
Parents Not Found
Spouse Jessie McLaughlin (Mar 2001 – present)
Siblings Not Found
Rhett and Link Net Worth
So just how rich is Rhett and Link? This outstanding comedian annual earnings, inclusive of stand-up comedy, and sponsorships, is estimated to have a current net worth of $16 Million and an annual estimated salary of Under Review.
The American comedian's earnings remain impressive compared to other famous comedy stars like Andrew Dice Clay and Gene Wilder, who also rank the Richest Comedian list.
Let's give a quick look at her net worth and salary is as follows.
Estimated Net Worth (2019) $16 Million
Annual Salary Under Review
Source of Wealth As a Professional Comedian, Entertainer, TV Personality, Actor, Voice Actor
According to Wikipedia and Celebrity Net Worth, Rhett's primary income source is a professional comedian. Athletes, singers, actors, entertainers, whoever else have you, they do not only earn their money directly from their professions. The American comedian star has generated a load of cash through stand-up comedy and her vast, sponsorship deals. She also earns a great deal of money from her endorsement contracts. We don't have enough information about her luxury car, we will update it soon.
Rhett: Age, Height & Weight
Being born on October 11, Rhett and Link is 42 years years old. The comedy star Rhett and Link's height is well proportioned with the rest of her body measurements. Rhett and Link stands at the height of 6′ 7″ (201 cm) and bodyweight is unknown.
Rhett and Link Family: husband, kids
Rhett and Link maritial status was Married And her partner's name was Jessie McLaughlin (Mar 2001 – present).Together the couple had 2 children – Locke and Shepherd
How old is Rhett?
– She is 42 years years old.
What is the name of Rhett's husband?
– Jessie McLaughlin (Mar 2001 – present)
How many children does she have?
– Together the couple has 2 children, Locke and Shepherd
Is Rhett alive or dead?
– According to wikipedia still alive. (2020).
Rhett and Link Social Accounts
Facebook – https://facebook.com/RhettAndLink
Twitter – https://twitter.com/rhettandlink
Instagram – https://instagram.com/rhettandlink
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A very unique, large-scale ice bucket, produced circa 1970s, with rounded body and baluster point, raised on a single foot, in lacquered gold-leaf finish against wood; interior lined with white plastic. This piece is in very good condition, with minor wear and scratches to the surface, consistent with age and use.
Three mid-century era 1950s factice bottles of G. H. Mumm Brut Champagne, Hennessy cognac and Mount Vernon Whiskey.
A circa 1920's to 1930's Venetian set of 12 hand-blown glass stems, produced by Salviati, thin walled, with gold leaf, with octagonal form rims, decorated with blue drops, on stems with swirled bulbs.
A pair of handmade crystal glasses from the 'Smoke' Series, designed by famed Italian industrial designer Joe Colombo and made in Italy by the glass manufacturer Arnolfo Di Cambio in the 1960's.
This overly tall glass features a stylized figure with speckled hat, eyes and two round arm-like protrusions.
A large cocktail glass on a round base.
A set of cased glass decanters made in the Empoli Region of Italy, circa 1960s-1970s.
An Arthur Court cast aluminum rabbit shaped ice bucket or wine cooler, 20th century.
Italian Mid-Century Modern champagne bucket in chrome. Produced during the 1970s.
Pair of small antique ewers with heart markings on their underside.
1950s ewer in clear Venetian glass detailed with bubbles, lobed body.
A black handblown glass wine or champagne bucket in the shape of a top hat by Blenko.
A set of three Dom Perignon champagne bottles from an advertising display.
Five figure bar scene, designed and Hand Carved by Anri in the Italian Alps.
A Blenko #6027 turquoise 'shot glass' decanter. Designed in 1960 by Wayne Husted for Blenko Glass Co. of Milton, West Virginia.
A whimsical aluminum covered duck tureen by Arthur Court, with ladle shaped as a duckling peeking out from under the mother duck's feathers, 20th Century.
A circa 1930's pair of Sheffield silver plated wine holders, with intricately pierced bodies and foliage-detailed rims.
A whimsical aluminum ice bucket or wine cooler by Arthur Court, stamped at bottom, Mid 20th Century.
Four 19th century Victorian sterling silver jiggers with decorative box, each designed as a thimble.
A Baccarat crystal ice bucket from the 'Harmonie' collection, with vertical cut stripes and stainless steel handle.
A vintage cube-form Lucite ice bucket with a swivel lid and spherical interior. The piece has pink, purple and green detailing on the bottom.
Mid-Century Modern ice bucket or champagne cooler in chromed metal with Lucite handles.
Mid-Century Modern glass ice bucket with chromed metal tongs and a metal handle and inlay.
Pair of crystal vases or ice buckets with circular and square pattern marked Sevres, France on the bottom.
This decanter in Murano glass is a beautiful pale yellow and comes with a stopper or decanter.
A pair of Venetian style contemporary handblown glass wine goblets in, in tones of gold and red, with fluted rim, decorated with applied ribbons and ruffled detail, on baluster form twisted stems.
Mid-Century Modern ice bucket in glass, with a chrome handle and chrome inlay.
Circa 1910 crystal decanter with amber etched design of roses on the front. Silver overlay at the neck.
This Blenko decanter (#6418) in rose colored glass was designed in 1964 by Joel Myers.
Italian Mid-Century Modern large chalice or vase with a base with controlled bubble inclusion.
Decanter set with bird cage top including six glasses and a 'scotch' bottle tag.
Seltzer bottles in peacock blue glass with silver-tone spout. Crate for display only, not included.
A vibrant peacock blue "L" decanter by Joel Myers for Blenko Glass Co.


text:
```ruby
ruby [<replaceable>options</replaceable>] [--] <replaceable>program</replaceable> [<replaceable>arguments</replaceable>]
```

#### 10.1.1 Common Options

```rdoc
require '<replaceable>library</replaceable>'
```

#### 10.1.4 Text Processing Options

```ruby
while gets             # Read a line of input into $_
  $F = split if $-a    # Split $_ into fields if -a was specified
  chop! if $-l         # Chop line ending off $_ if -l was specified
  # Program text here
end
###########################
while gets             # Read a line of input into $_
  $F = split if $-a    # Split $_ into fields if -a was specified
  chop! if $-l         # Chop line ending off $_ if -l was specified
  # Program text here
  print                # Output $_ (adding $/ if -l was specified)
end
```

#### 10.2.1 Predefined Modules and Classes

```ruby
Comparable      FileTest        Marshal         Precision
Enumerable      GC              Math            Process
Errno           Kernel          ObjectSpace     Signal
###########################
Array           File            Method          String
Bignum          Fixnum          Module          Struct
Binding         Float           NilClass        Symbol
Class           Hash            Numeric         Thread
Continuation    IO              Object          ThreadGroup
Data            Integer         Proc            Time
Dir             MatchData       Range           TrueClass
FalseClass      MatchingData    Regexp          UnboundMethod
###########################
ArgumentError           NameError               SignalException
EOFError                NoMemoryError           StandardError
Exception               NoMethodError           SyntaxError
FloatDomainError        NotImplementedError     SystemCallError
IOError                 RangeError              SystemExit
IndexError              RegexpError             SystemStackError
Interrupt               RuntimeError            ThreadError
LoadError               ScriptError             TypeError
LocalJumpError          SecurityError           ZeroDivisionError
###########################
BasicObject     FiberError      Mutex           VM
Fiber           KeyError        StopIteration
###########################
# Print all modules (excluding classes)
puts Module.constants.sort.select {|x| eval(x.to_s).instance_of? Module}

# Print all classes (excluding exceptions)
puts Module.constants.sort.select {|x|
  c = eval(x.to_s)
  c.is_a? Class and not c.ancestors.include? Exception
}

# Print all exceptions
puts Module.constants.sort.select {|x|
  c = eval(x.to_s)
  c.instance_of? Class and c.ancestors.include? Exception
}
```

#### 10.2.2 Top-Level Constants

```rdoc
ruby -e 'puts Module.constants.sort.reject{|x| eval(x.to_s).is_a? Module}'
```

#### 10.2.3 Global Variables

```rdoc
ruby -e 'puts global_variables.sort'
###########################
ruby -rEnglish -e 'puts global_variables.sort'
```

#### 10.2.4.1 Keyword functions

```ruby
block_given?    iterator?       loop            require
callcc          lambda          proc            throw
catch           load            raise
```

#### 10.2.4.2 Text input, output, and manipulation functions

```ruby
format          print           puts            sprintf
gets            printf          readline
p               putc            readlines
###########################
chomp   chop    gsub    scan    sub
chomp!  chop!   gsub!   split   sub!
```

#### 10.2.4.3 OS methods

```ruby
# `       fork    select  system  trap
# exec    open    syscall test
```

#### 10.2.4.4 Warnings, failures, and exiting

```ruby
abort   at_exit exit    exit!   fail    warn
```

#### 10.2.4.5 Reflection functions

```ruby
binding                         set_trace_func
caller                          singleton_method_added
eval                            singleton_method_removed
global_variables                singleton_method_undefined
local_variables                 trace_var
method_missing                  untrace_var
remove_instance_variable
```

#### 10.2.4.6 Conversion functions

```ruby
Array   Float   Integer String
```

#### 10.2.4.7 Miscellaneous Kernel functions

```ruby
autoload                rand                    srand
autoload?               sleep
```

#### 10.3.4 One-Line Script Shortcuts

```rdoc
ruby -n -e 'print if /^A/' datafile
###########################
print if $_ =~ /^A/
```

#### 10.4.1 Invoking OS Commands

```ruby
os = `uname`             # String literal and method invocation in one
os = %x{uname}           # Another quoting syntax
os = Kernel.`("uname")   #` Invoke the method explicitly
###########################
files = `` ` ``echo *.xml`` ` ``
###########################
pipe = open("|echo *.xml")
files = pipe.readline
pipe.close
```

#### 10.4.2 Forking and Processes

```ruby
fork {
  puts "Hello from the child process: #$$"
}
puts "Hello from the parent process: #$$"
###########################
pid = fork
if (pid)
  puts "Hello from parent process: #$$"
  puts "Created child process #{pid}"
else
  puts Hello from child process: #$$"
end
###########################
open("|-", "r+") do |child|
  if child
    # This is the parent process
    child.puts("Hello child")       # Send to child
    response = child.gets           # Read from child
    puts "Child said: #{response}"
  else
    # This is the child process
    from_parent = gets              # Read from parent
    STDERR.puts "Parent said: #{from_parent}"
    puts("Hi Mom!")                 # Send to parent
  end
end
###########################
open("|-", "r") do |child|
  if child
    # This is the parent process
    files = child.readlines   # Read the output of our child
    child.close
  else
    # This is the child process
    exec("/bin/ls", "-l")     # Run another executable
  end
end
```

#### 10.4.3 Trapping Signals

```ruby
trap "SIGINT" {
  puts "Ignoring SIGINT"
}
```

#### 10.4.4 Terminating Programs

```ruby
fail "Unknown option #{switch}"
```

#### 10.5.2 Restricted Execution and Safe Levels

```ruby
$SAFE=1                # upgrade the safe level
$SAFE=4                # upgrade the safe level even higher
$SAFE=0                # SecurityError!  you can't do it
###########################
Thread.start {     # Create a "sandbox" thread
  $SAFE = 4        # Restrict execution in this thread only
  ...              # Untrusted code can be run here
}
```

#### 10.5.2.3 Safe level 2

```ruby
Dir.chdir               File.truncate           Process.egid=
Dir.chroot              File.umask              Process.fork
Dir.mkdir               IO.fctrl                Process.kill
Dir.rmdir               IO.ioctl                Process.setpgid
File.chmod              Kernel.exit!            Process.setpriority
File.chown              Kernel.fork             Process.setsid
File.flock              Kernel.syscall
File.lstat              Kernel.trap
###########################
def safe_eval(str)
  Thread.start {            # Start sandbox thread
    $SAFE = 4               # Upgrade safe level
    eval(str)               # Eval in the sandbox
  }.value                   # Retrieve result
end
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
All Listed Works La Musique de Chambre
Bohuslav Martinů (1890-1959)
Born: December 8, 1890, Polička, Bohemia Died: August 28, 1959, Liestal, Switzerland (age 68)
Cello Sonata No. 3, H. 340
(for cello and piano)
7:27 I. Poco andante
6:25 II. Andante
5:29 III. Allegro (ma non presto)
Christian Benda, Sebastian Benda
I. Poco andante
II. Andante
III. Allegro (ma non presto)
Vectomov, Palenicek
1900 2000 WWI WWII Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904) Leoš Janáček (1854-1928) Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Albert Roussel (1869-1937) Josef Suk (1874-1935) Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) Bohuslav Martinů (1890-1959) Erwin Schulhoff (1894-1942) Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000) Vítězslava Kaprálová (1915-1940) Jan Novák (1921-1984) Chou Wen-chung (born 1923)
Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000)
Nationality: American | Armenian
Born: March 8, 1911, Somerville, MA Died: June 21, 2000, Seattle, WA (age 89)
Jan Novák (1921-1984)
Born: April 8, 1921, Nová Říše na Moravě Died: November 17, 1984, New-Ulm (age 63)
Vítězslava Kaprálová (1915-1940)
Born: January 24, 1915, Brno Died: June 16, 1940, Montpellier (age 25)
Chou Wen-chung (born 1923)
Nationality: Chinese | American
Born: June 29, 1923 (age 98)
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
non—not, no
presto—very fast, more so than allegro.
sonata, sonate, suonato—a complicated term. Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), e.g. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. sonata form. In general usage as a work title, it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role.


Another step in the path of an establishment of virtual currency was made as Federal judge affirms that BTC is a currency and needs to be regulated as such.
The outcome of last month's Bitcoin Ponzi scheme incident is significant for Bitcoin users. Texan man, Tendon, T, Shavers, landed himself in a precarious position, when he was sued by US Secretary and Exchange Commission (SEC) for unlawfully using Bitcoin investment funds for investor withdrawals and his own personal use.
In the case against Shavers, a federal judge has ruled that bitcoins are "a currency or form of money," and are therefore subject to relevant US laws. Fraudulent activity using the unregulated digital currency seems to have prompted the need for greater control and security in order to protect the public from further incidences.


text:
Coastal towns doomed by rising sea
We\'ll have those gorbal wormenists crawling out of the woodwork over this you know!
Work is already under way to identify parts of the south and east coast which are most threatened and Lord Smith said there would be hard decisions to be made about which areas to defend and which to allow the sea to reclaim.
But how amazing that the biggest risks are in the south and east. In the parts of the country which are sinking as a result of he end of the last ice age.
There might even be a connection you know.
nextAs I\'ve Said
5 thoughts on "Coastal towns doomed by rising sea"
Kit August 18, 2008 at 9:54 am
Make the areas they do not want to defend declare independence from the UK. I bet these "doomed" towns would thrive without UK taxes and regulations.
Gareth August 18, 2008 at 11:29 am
The opening paragraph has nothing to do with the rest of the article. It starts on about sea level rises (a tiny, tiny threat) but swiftly moves on to coastal erosion – nothing to do with the theory of man made climate change whatsoever.
The coast has been eroding for as long as it has been there. There are places where it has already been deemed uneconomical to protect with constructed sea defences and farmland is being returned to salt marshes instead.(The idea being a salt marsh can buffer big storms but defences might one day be breached with disastrous consequences.) There is also the growing realisation that protecting one part of the coast can speed up erosion in neighbouring places due altering the way in which sand is deposited and moved by waves.
Nowt to do with climate change.
Mark Wadsworth August 18, 2008 at 12:44 pm
Kit, exactly.
Now, let's assume that the only major item of public expenditure of these newly independent countries is sea defences, i.e. protecting land values, what sort of tax would you levy to cover the cost?
Kit August 19, 2008 at 12:00 am
Oh, I don't know Mark. Is it VAT or do you have a suitable tax in mind? 😉
Monty August 19, 2008 at 11:53 pm
Mark Wadsworth,
How come we can designate National Parks, and Heritage Coasts, and maintain their pristine integrity by taxing all the folk who don't live there? And having set that precedent, how do you tell some other bloke he just doesn't qualify? That it somehow serves the bugger right?
Why aren't we getting all exercised about the other species, apart from Mankind, who will be driven out by the concept of acceptable land-loss?
There is nothing about you, that is inherently better than me. And there is nothing about your surroundings, that is inherently better than mine.
Expunct Added: 9 hours ago
Diogenes on You whut?
Diogenes on Does the government know?
Ummmm on Quite so Polly, quite so
Diogenes on Eh?
Jonathan on Tee Hee


Today, at 9pm tonight I will be turning 23 years old. It's a little overwhelming to think of all that has occurred in these 2 and almost a half decades of my life.
I'm using this moment to trace a bit about my life. For people like Tess or my mom and dad, these things will be old news, but for those of you who joined my journey part of the ways along, this might be fun. Or embarrassing.
I was born on February 4th somewhere around 9pm (I only know this because my parents often wouldn't say happy birthday to me until this time. My mom would then remind me of the fact that she spent an entire day in labor with me) at Long Beach Memorial hospital where my mom worked.
I was born with a case of jaundice (a problem with the liver that makes babies very very yellow), so I was kept in an incubator for the first week of my life. My mom and dad either slept at the hospital or drove there at all hours of the night to feed me. Once I was done being sickly, they took me to their home on Lemmon Ave. in Long Beach.
My best friends were my cousin Ellen and my friend Jackie who lived next door- I still remember playing ponies with her! When I was 1.5 years old, my brother Keith was born. I must have resented the way he stole the scene, because my parents have video footage of me beating his little infant head with a wood puzzle board. I just wonder what kind of parents would TAPE this instead of saving the baby.
My parents then enrolled me in a preschool called "Little Lambs Preschool". The owner of the preschool, Bill Hawk, was also the pastor of a church called Covenant Community Church in Paso Robles. My parents visited and were warmly greeted by families who were soon to become life-long friends- the Bartels, the Cones, the Blacks, the Gaws, the Odenwalds (who lived down the street from us at the time), and my best friend's family, the Trinidades. Tess was one of my only new friends to be invited to my 4th birthday party.
When I was in Kindergarten (which my parents entered me early in because I was already reading chapter books like the Laura Ingalls Wilder series 🙂 my parents enrolled me in North County Christian School.
By the 2nd grade, my mom decided to homeschool me and curb my stubborn rebellious streak. I also enjoyed being around my new baby brother, Joe. I became famous for my "Joe's Journal" chronicles, which were detailed accounts of everything he ever did in his first 3 years of life.
My homeschooling experience was not that of a sheltered isolated child, unaware of the world. I feel, in fact, that I was given unique opportunities that would not have been possible if I hadn't been homeschooled. Because of all the extra time, I was able play the violin and piano, be on basketball, soccer and softball teams, do gymnastics and drama club, plant my own garden, learn how to crochet, knit, and quilt with my homeschool teacher, and write all day long.
By the time I reached the 6th grade, my parents decided that I was too dorky, so they put me in a small private classical school called The Latin School, run by a lady named Louise Luthi. Here, I was taught 4 years of Latin and Spanish, a year of Greek, and Spencerian Penmanship:) I was able to be involved with many unique activities here as well, including a hand bell choir and an archery team.
From NCCS, I went on to Biola University and entered the Torrey Honors Program. I already knew a lot about the program, seeing as my friends Jesse,Tim, and Paul and my cousin Ellen were already in it. Dr. Reynolds had also visited our high school to give a lecture series. This is actually how I got into the program without being interviewed- we were discussing Diet Coke in the foyer, and all of a sudden, he switched the topic to the fact that he had just decided to accept me into the program. Okay?
In my first 2 months of college, I began dating long-time friend Jesse Cone 🙂 During my time as an English major at Biola, I got to do a lot of life-changing things such as go on 2 trips to Europe and work at a Crisis Pregnancy Center. I began as a double major in English and Anthropology, but stuck with just English in the end.
At the beginning of my senior year, I married Jesse, with 16 year best friend Tess as my Maid of Honor 🙂 Jesse and I went to Rio de Janeiro on our honeymoon, and I took only one class that Fall so I could navigate the difficult waters of learning how to be a wife:) This meant that I had to double up in my Final semester of Biola- 23 units and a 30 hr./week job! Ick.
Here we are in Rio, at the top of Sugarloaf Mountain!
The day after we returned from our honeymoon in Brazil was also the first time Jesse and I decided to attend an Orthodox church called St. Barnabas in Costa Mesa. Our first day there, we were greeted by the wonderful people who were to become our godparents, Mitch and Trenna Berry. By the spring, we had decided to become Chrismated with our best friends Michael and Courtney Unruh.
The next fall, Jesse and I made the decision to move out to Dallas, TX, so that he could begin work on his MA in Philosophy at the University of Dallas. The rest of the story, is either here on this blog or still being lived out! Stay tuned!
I'm glad you can remember you childhood, because it helps me remember some of mine. For some reason I don't recall those ages very well. Do you think it has anything to do with certain shovel incident?


San Diego — Parents and caregivers need to "look before you lock" a parked vehicle, as temperatures on sunny summer days can climb well above 100° F in one hour – about the time it can take for a child to suffer heat-related injuries or death, according to the results of a recent study.
Researchers at Arizona State University and the University of California, San Diego observed the interior temperatures of six vehicles – two each of identical light-colored economy cars, minivans and mid-size sedans – for three days during which the temperature reached 100° F. Simulating a shopping trip, the group parked the cars in the sun or shade for about 60 minutes before moving each vehicle into the sun and using the air conditioner to regulate temperature. Researchers repeated the cycle three to five times daily.
Findings showed that cabin temperature for vehicles parked in the sun for an hour averaged 116° F, and temperatures were even warmer on the seats (123° F), steering wheel (127° F) and dashboard (157° F). For vehicles parked in shade, temperatures averaged about 100° F in the cabin, 105° F on the seats, 107° F on the steering wheel and 118° F on the dashboard.
According to noheatstroke.org, pediatric vehicular heatstroke claimed the lives of 751 children since 1998, including 42 in 2017.
In related news, a recent analysis from the National Safety Council found that only 21 states and Guam have enacted laws making it illegal to leave children unattended in vehicles. Nine laws lack protections for people who attempt to save an unattended child, and only eight consider felony charges for offenders.
Open the back door of your vehicle each time you park to ensure no one is left behind.
Place items such as cellphones, employee badges or handbags in the backseat as a reminder.
Keep keys and remote openers out of reach to ensure a child cannot enter an unattended vehicle.
Keep vehicles locked at all times once all members of your party are gathered.
The study was published online May 23 in the journal Temperature.


text:
Academic Freedom in Conformist Times
Joanna Williams' new book is a welcome broadside against the barbarians in the academy.
By Roger Scruton
Spiked Review
Academic Freedom in an Age of Conformity: Confronting the Fear of Knowledge, by Joanna Williams, is very well done. She shows how important historically academic freedom has been to the pursuit of knowledge, and examines the baleful consequences of the contemporary assault on truth and objectivity. I sympathise with her, too. Much as I had to do for my book Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left, Williams has had to sit down for hours, poring over poisonous stuff written by destructive narcissists and digesting it into something with which issue can be taken. She has done a great service to civilisation – as we wave goodbye to it.
There are a few things I would like to add to Williams' excoriating critique of the intellectual conformism of the academy today, the first of which centres on the intimate connection between the first European universities and the Roman Catholic Church. As Williams explains, scholarship then was conceived as an act of devotion, in which knowledge of 'The Word' – ethics, spirituality and logic – was distinct from knowledge of 'The World' – mathematics and science. French sociologist Émile Durkheim, notes Williams, described the type of knowledge associated with 'The Word' as unobservable, invented, arbitrary and external to the perceptions of individuals. Durkheim called Academic Freedom in an... Williams, Joanna Best Price: $16.92 Buy New $22.42 (as of 11:50 EST - Details) this knowledge 'sacred'. 'It had a collective structure and social basis', writes Williams, 'the origins of which could be traced back to shared religious beliefs which Durkheim considered the "paradigm of all advanced forms of theoretical knowledge"'.
Durkheim is making a profound point here. He is saying that the pursuit of knowledge is made easier if there is a shared membership, which is what religion provides. So Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica raises questions that could not be addressed in a university today because there is a Safe Space provided by the faith. And, in a way, that is what too many students today are whining on about – they can cope with knowledge only if they are given membership first, and membership comes through closing your mind around items of dogma. But they have no dogma! All they have is the sense that some people have power and that they are not among them (a belief which is false in both parts).
Again, on the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement, Williams's aim is true. The BDS campaign, which began in the UK in 2005 before spreading to America, claims, as one activist puts it, to be 'boycott[ing] Israeli institutions and government-sponsored projects until the Israeli state abides by international law'. But not only is it ineffective on its own terms, it is all too effective in terms of restricting academic freedom. As Williams argues, 'it curtails the intellectual freedom of individual scholars in every university in an entire country'. I would also add that the attacks on Israel come from people who have never addressed the question of where, in the Middle East, it is possible to criticise the established orthodoxies. The answer is Israel. Try defending women's rights in Al-Azhar University in Cairo.
Copyright © 2016 Spiked Ltd.
Worldwide Socialist Revolutions
What's Your Car Horoscope?


In a bizarre case out of PInellas County, a Defendant is insisting on the death penalty. At the time of the crime, I was still working at the State Attorney's Office in Pinellas, and this case clearly made some major waves.
Immediately after his advisory hearing, the Defendant went to his girlfriend's house and murdered her. Our office had a large meeting about the circumstances surrounding the case and it was heavily talked about in the hallways.
Years later, this case is finally coming to fruition.
CLEARWATER — Craig Wall is insisting on his own execution but he isn't making the penalty phase easy on the court.
Wall, 39, entered a no contest plea earlier this month in the 2010 deaths of his then-girlfriend Laura Taft and their infant son, Craig Wall, Jr. Wall has primarily been representing himself and is seeking the death penalty.
In court Monday, Wall said he wants to "captain his own ship" by putting on his own defense because he will be sitting in "Old Sparky" by himself, referring to the electric chair. Florida once used that method of execution but switched to lethal injection.
A representative from the Florida Capital Resource Center, a group that aims to provide aid to defendants facing the death penalty, filed a motion to delay proceedings so special counsel can be appointed to prepare mitigating factors in Wall's case.
Wall dismissed the offer of help. He accused the representative and others who involve themselves in his case as being "foaming at the mouth, rabid-dog liberals" who have attempted to hijack the court and don't think he can make his own decisions.
Wall was arrested Feb. 14, 2010, for violating a domestic violence injunction filed by Taft. The arrest affidavit requested Wall be held without bail because he was a suspect in the death of the couple's son. Instead, Wall was granted $1,000 bond and released. Three days later, authorities say, he stabbed Taft to death.
The infant had died as a result of aggravated child abuse while in Wall's care, Assistant State Attorney Kendall Davidson said.
Taft's death was cold, calculated and premeditated, and a stab wound through her heart means she would have been fully aware of her impending death at the time, Davidson said in court Monday.
Wall chose to use a knife in Taft's killing because it was personal, Davidson said.
Members of Taft's family were in the audience Monday, buttons pinned to their chests displaying a photo of Laura Taft and her son.
While Wall said repeatedly that he wants and deserves the death penalty, he questioned the truthfulness of several witnesses.
Circuit Judge Philip Federico forced Wall to drop his line of questioning with a state witness who spent some time with Wall after his arrest. Wall asked the man if he liked to tell lies, called him a criminal and said the man's son was a heavy drug user.
"I'm not going to have that, I'm not doing it," Federico said before dismissing the witness.
Federico told Wall he had been getting away with behavior that would not be tolerated by a lawyer, such as offering testimony while questioning witnesses, telling them their version of events were untrue, and interrupting prosecutors and witnesses out of turn.
The penalty phase of the proceedings is scheduled to resume Tuesday morning.


BIRTHDAY POLICY: Book your group and the Birthday Boy / Girl gets in FREE!
the birthday boy / girl gets in FREE!
WORLD AXE THROWING LEAGUE (WATL) - WHY ALL THE AXE-CITEMENT!?
We can't help but to look forward with excitement and enthusiasm to the inaugural 8 week World Axe Throwing League Tournament. For those not in the know, this will be taking place at Tom O' Hawks Axe Throwing Club, Galway beginning on October 13th.
We have received so many enquiries from people looking to come train with us and to compete in the World Axe Throwing League and this gives us great hope for the future of the sport of Urban Axe Throwing in the West of Ireland.
Urban Axe Throwing has been slowly gaining momentum and popularity in North America in recent years from its humble beginnings in a suburban backyard in Toronto. While not quite a mainstream sport in the West of Ireland, Urban Axe Throwing does have a bright future. It is hugely encouraging to see both men & women pass through the doors of Tom O' Hawks Axe Throwing Club and to be able to enjoy the sport as much as we do.
To draw some parallels, who would have thought 20 years ago darts would have reached the popularity it now currently has? And again, who would have thought the UFC would become the global sporting phenomenon it is today? Let's create an Irish Axe Throwing community which has the means to unearth and nurture our own "Notorious" Conor McGregor or Phil "The Power" Taylor! It's great to see all of our Axe Throwing participants bring their own unique personalities and flavours to our Group Axe Throwing Events and League Nights and this is something we encourage.
HOW DOES AXE THROWING INSPIRE US?
It is amazing to see new participants willing to learn something new, exciting and challenging with such open-mindedness and enthusiasm. With each and every throw, we witness people grow in confidence as they find rhythm with their technique and begin to consistently sink the axes into the targets. Without doubt, one of the most satisfying things to witness are those huge beaming smiles and uncontrolled moments of excitement when our participants sink that first axe into the target!
So why not sign up, learn a new skill and join us in competing against axe throwing clubs around the world for the World Axe Throwing League Tournament? It could be your new addiction and the sport for you!
Limited Availability. Book in Advance.
What is Tom O' Hawks?