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How-to Geodetic Items
North American Datum 1983 (NAD83)
NAD83 definitions
The North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) is a geocentric datum that was established in 1986 for the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Islands. Hawaii and Greenland were also connected to this datum. It is based on a horizontal adjustment of conventional survey data and the inclusion of Transit Satellite Doppler data and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data. The global Doppler and VLBI observations were used to orient the NAD83 reference frame to the BIH Terrestrial System of 1984. The orientation of the ECEF coordinate axes of the NAD83 reference frame is identical to that of the original WGS84 reference frame.
Defining parameters
NAD83 uses the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid as its reference ellipsoid with the geometric center of the ellipsoid coincident with the center of mass of the Earth and the origin of the coordinate system.
Semi-major Axis
6378137.0 m
Flattening Factor of the Earth
298.257222101
The difference between the GRS 80 and WGS 84 values for f creates a difference of 0.1 mm in the derived semi-minor axes of the two ellipsoids.
NAD83 realizations
The EPSG database lists all NAD83 datums without spaces between 'NAD' and '83', and 'NAD83' and e.g. '(HARN)', whereas the NGS uses 'NAD 83' and e.g. 'NAD 83 (HARN)' most of the time.
Geog 2D Code
Datum Code
Datum Epoch
4269 6269 NAD83 1986 1350 USA CONUS, Alaska, Hawaii; PRVI; Canada Also known as 'NAD83 (1986)'.
In Canada and USA, replaced NAD27.
For surveying purposes, agrees with the original WGS 84 realization.
Linked to ITRF90 by 7-parameter Helmert transformation, WGS84.TXT.
4152 6152 NAD83 (HARN) 1989-1997 1337 USA CONUS, Hawaii; PRVI; Guam; American Samoa State-wide High Accuracy Reference Networks defined by NADCON shift files.
In Continental USA (excludes Alaska) and Hawaii, replaces NAD83 for applications
with an accuracy of better than 1m. In Conterminous US replaced by NAD83 (NSRS2007).
NAD83 (CSRS96) 1989
Canada (all provinces) Canadian Spatial Reference System.
First 3D realization of NAD83 in Canada.
Linked to ITRF89 by 7-parameter Helmert transformation.
4617 6140 NAD83 (CSRS) 1998 1061 Canada (all provinces) Canadian Spatial Reference System.
In Canada, replaces NAD83.
4140 6140 NAD83 (CSRS98) 1998 1336 Canada (AB/NB/SK/PE/QC)
Original name for (identical to) NAD83 (CSRS).
In New Brunswick, superseded ATS77 from 1999.
6783 1133 NAD83 (CORS96) 2002.00
2003.00 1511 USA CONUS, Alaska, PRVI Continuously Operating Reference Station network.
Reference epoch is 2003.0 in Alaska, 2002.0 elsewhere.
In Alaska, used for GEOID09 model for NAVD88 heights.
NAD83 (PACP00) 1993.62
Hawaii, American Samoa
CORS coordinates fixed to Pacific tectonic plate.
Reference epoch is NAD83 realization for 1993-08-14.
In Hawaii, used for GEOID09 model for EGM2008 heights.
In American Samoa, used for GEOID09 model for ASVD02 heights.
NAD83 (MARP00) 1993.62
Guam CORS coordinates fixed to Mariana tectonic plate.
In Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, used for GEOID09 model for NMVD03 heights.
4759 6759 NAD83 (NSRS2007) 2002.00
2007.00 1511 USA CONUS, Alaska, PRVI National Spatial Reference System.
Reference epoch is 2007.0 in western Conterminous US.
In Conterminous US, used for GEOID09 model for NAVD88 heights.
In Puerto Rico, used for GEOID09 model for PRVD02 heights.
6318 1116 NAD83 (2011) 2010.00 1511 USA CONUS, Alaska; PRVI Continuously Operating Reference Station network.
In Conterminous US and Alaska, used for GEOID12A model for NAVD88 heights.
In Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, used for GEOID12A model for PRVD02/VIVD09 heights.
6322 1117 NAD83 (PA11) 2010.00 4162 Hawaii, American Samoa CORS coordinates fixed to Pacific tectonic plate.
In Hawaii, used for GEOID12A model for EGM2008 heights.
In American Samoa, used for GEOID12A model for ASVD02 heights.
6325 1118 NAD83 (MA11) 2010.00 4167 Guam CORS coordinates fixed to Mariana tectonic plate.
In Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, used for GEOID09 model for GUVD04/NMVD03 heights.
Transformation parameters
Transformations between NAD83 realizations and ITRF are given in ITRF Transformation Parameters.xlsx (NAD83 sheet).
Rotations are for the position vector rotation convention. Units are meters, mas (milliarcsecons) and ppb (parts-per-billion).
1 mas = 0.001 " = 2.77778 e-7 degrees = 4.84814 e-9 radians. 0.001 " corresponds to about 0.030 m at the earth's surface.
Note. Not all transformation parameters in the NAD83 sheet have been tested. Always check the original documentation.
United States and Canada
In summary, surveyors and others have witnessed various realizations of NAD83 in the United States. A similar evolution occurred in Canada, but the two countries at least agree on their first and last realizations. The U.S. realizations are consistent in their choice of origin and orientation; they differ, however, in their choice of scale. While the scale difference between NAD83 (1986) and NAD83 (HARN) equals -0.0871 ppm, the scale difference between NAD83 (HARN) and any NAD83 (CORSxx) is smaller than 0.005 ppm in magnitude. It should be noted that the NAD83 (HARN) latitude and/or longitude of a given control point may differ by up to 1 meter from its corresponding NAD83 (1986) coordinate. Fortunately, the horizontal discrepancy between the NAD83 (CORS93) and NAD83 (HARN) positions for a control point is almost always less than 10 cm, and the horizontal discrepancy between any two NAD83 (CORSxx) positions for a control point is almost always less than 2 cm. In addition, as NAD83 has evolved from mostly a horizontal reference system to a full 3D reference system, the number of control points with measured ellipsoidal heights has grown dramatically.
NAD83, WGS84 and ITRF
Unfortunately, the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) still considers the G-series realizations of WGS84 to be identical with the original realization. Thus, the zero transformation with respect to NAD83 has never been revised in spite of the bias being clearly measurable. This has created problems when using WGS84-based correction services and trying to convert results to NAD83. Most receiver manufactures include only the original NIMA coordinate shifts (translations) in their receiver firmware, which are zero for NAD83. Consequently, many receivers are producing so-called NAD83 coordinates that are actually still in WGS84 and biased by 1.5 to 2 metres (horizontally; 0 to 0.3 metres vertically) with respect to the true NAD83 reference frame.
New WGS84 realizations (since G730, 1994) are coincident with ITRF at about 10-centimeter level. For these realizations there are no official transformation parameters. This means that one can consider that ITRF coordinates are also expressed in WGS84 at 10 cm level. However, the most recent G1674 realization adopted ITRF2008 coordinates for more than half of the reference stations and velocities of nearby sites for the others. Thus, ITRF2008 and WGS84 (G1674) are likely to agree at the centimeter level, yielding conventional 0-transformation parameters. For more information, check ftp://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/pub/itrf/WGS84.TXT.
Replacing NAD83 and NAVD88
NAD83 and NAVD88 (North American Vertical Datum of 1988) will be replaced in 2022, and there are many related projects to make sure the transition goes smoothly. Read the NGS Ten-Year Plan to learn more and continue to visit NGS's web-page on New Datums for more information.
NAD83 (CORS96) - http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Articles/#Coordinate
NAD83 (PACP00) - http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Articles/#Trans
NAD83 (NSRS2007) - http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/NationalReadjustment/
NAD83 (2011) - http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/surveys/NA2011/]
NAD83 (CSRS) - ftp://geod.nrcan.gc.ca/pub/GSD/craymer/pubs/nad83_geomatica2006.pdf
IOGP Report 373-26 – Coordinate Transformations in the US Gulf of Mexico OCS


No matter if you're just starting out or you've been playing since you were a child, everyone still needs to stock up on essential lacrosse equipment to play the game.
This article will show you everything you'll need, from vital protective equipment down to the lacrosse shorts and mouthpiece, so you'll be stepping onto the field in no time.
Here are the 5 things you need to play lacrosse.
First and foremost, if you are going to play lacrosse you need the crosse ie a lacrosse stick. Whenever you think of lacrosse, this is the first thing that comes to mind.
Your lacrosse stick will vary in length depending on the position you play.
Goalies have longer lacrosse sticks, ranging from 40" - 72", defensive players' sticks are longer still, ranging from 52" - 72", while midfield and attacking players have short lacrosse sticks at 40" - 42".
The size of the crosse's head also changes based on position. Goalie lacrosse sticks can be between 10" - 12" wide but all outfield players must have lacrosse stick heads between 6.5" - 10" wide.
If the top surface of a lacrosse ball, when placed in the head of the crosse, is below the bottom edge of the side wall, the pocket is not eligible for use.
If you are a more experienced lacrosse player, you may want to customise your stick. Create a custom-made pocket for your stick with a mesh kit and fix it to a crosse head of your choice.
Because lacrosse is played on grass, you need cleats, preferably lightweight, to keep your grip and cut across the field as quickly as possible. Invest in moulded lacrosse cleats, or those with a spikeless design, for optimal performance.
Most lacrosse players wear mid-level cleats, similarly to football players, as they also aid with movement. The lower the cut, the quicker you'll be.
For experienced lacrosse players, customise your cleats' design based on your position and/or style of play.
The job of a defender is to be rock solid and concede as little to no goals as possible, meaning that you could replicate that with a more conservative style.
On the other hand, attackers play with more flair and urgency so emphasise this with cleats that are little more flashy. If you combine them with some crazy lacrosse shorts, you'll definitely stand out from the rest!
Lacrosse protective gear is a must-have since it is a contact sport. There's a lot to cover here.
Firstly, you need a helmet. They come equipped with a face mask, a chin pad and a chin strap fastened to all four hookups. Helmets must be worn at all times during play. When you're selecting a helmet, ensure that it is certified by the National Operating Committee on Standards of Athletic Equipment (NOCSE).
You must also have a highly visible mouthguard to play lacrosse. This is because they help prevent concussions. Choose a mouthpiece that fits well, allows you to breathe comfortably and enables you to communicate with your teammates.
Next, acquire some shoulder pads. Like the lacrosse stick, these will vary depending on your position. Attacking players need a lot of shoulder coverage, midfielders need slightly less to enable them a full range of motion during play, while defenders need the least amount of protection of all.
Elbow, arm and hand protection are also important. Guards provide the most protection, meaning they are best suited for attackers and midfielders, while pads enable better movement and are most appropriate for defenders.
Gloves will then also protect your hands from injury. You need gloves that fit your hands less than a half inch from the tip of the fingers. If you need it, get larger cuffs to protect your wrists, while goalie gloves offer extra thumb protection. The quality of the glove is determined by its palm material.
Finally, you may wish to consider using rib and kidney pads. While these are not required to be worn during a game, they will shield against the more sensitive areas in contact.
It's just as important to stock up on a season's worth of lacrosse apparel and accessories. For practice, you're going to need the basics like t-shirts, custom lacrosse shorts and lots and lots of socks!
As far as in-game apparel is concerned, pick up a few pairs of compression lacrosse shorts, as well as plenty of base layer clothing. It wouldn't hurt to get a few hoodies for the winter either.
Now for the accessories. You are going to need a bag to store everything in. Fill it up with a spare mesh kit for your stick and some tape. It may be worth throwing a spare mouthguard in there too.
Goalies need a few extra pieces of equipment compared to the outfield players.
While you can choose to use the same helmet worn at other positions, goalies must attach a throat guard for added protection. You must also have an added chest protector to guard your body against high-speed shots, along with special protective goalie pants that are worn underneath a pair of comfortable lacrosse shorts.
Some goalies also like to wear shin guards as they can prevent painful bruises on your lower legs. For beginners, invest in thicker shin guards. Getting hit in the leg by a lacrosse ball hurts, especially as a goalie when it may happen a lot!
You may also want to go a step further and protect your knees with some kneepads. However, these should remain lightweight so that they can still bend keep you moving.
Finally, every goalie needs a pair of goalie gloves. They have additional padding at the thumb and forefinger compared to outfield gloves.
Once you have the stick, cleats, protection, cool lacrosse shorts and stack of accessories, you're ready to go! It doesn't matter if you're at school, trying out for varsity, or launching a career in the pros, having the right equipment will get you where you want to be.


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How To Make Value Letters
How to make a text box accept only numbers and letters
To make assessment easy for your potential employer, use a personal value proposition. Your value proposition is a short and powerful statement that shows the specific value you bring and why you are qualified for a job.... Sample 39525: How to make every character value in the data set uppercase The sample code on the Full Code tab illustrates how to uppercase all character values in the data set.
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20/03/2009�� I'm trying to make "text" have numeric values in microsoft excel 2007. the help topic is hard to understand and was wondering if you could help me out. below are the following text and numeric values if you could help with an example A --> 4.0 A- --> 3.67 B+ --> 3.33 B... show more I'm trying to make "text" have how to make a diesel more fuel efficient 1/06/2017�� Refer to an ASCII chart and you�ll find that, while an uppercase �A� has a decimal value of 65, a lowercase �a� has a decimal value of 97. To determine a lowercase letter�s decimal value without an ASCII chart, remember the number 97.
How to conditional format cells based on first letter
In this way we can make a field to store lower case values. Also, we can determine whether a field stores lower case value or not by checking the �Lower Case� check box of its domain. If this is checked then it will store both lower case and upper case. how to make your own letters Sample 39525: How to make every character value in the data set uppercase The sample code on the Full Code tab illustrates how to uppercase all character values in the data set.
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how do you make an array with letters. Learn more about letters, cell array, function, syntax Learn more about letters, cell array, function, syntax Toggle Main Navigation
17/01/2016�� If the letters are to be used in the formula, a clearer explanation of what each letter represents in terms of a mathematical value would help. LOG10 function We would be happy to provide assistance in creating a formula to suit your needs but doing your research for you really isn't in the scope of providing assistance.
DIY Marquee Letters have become super popular because they're cheap � you can basically use excess wood lying around in your backyard or buy cardboard letters and personalize to your heart's content! However, if you need a little more guidance read on for step-by-step directions on how to create this DIY.
9/08/2013�� Update: I need to be able to type in 0, S, or D into a cell and it stand for a number value such as, 0=0, S=1.5, D=3. I need to be able to change this cell to any of those 3 and it automatically change the number value.
1/02/2011�� What would be the best solution for restricting a text box to accept only numbers and letteres; I also need to make it display only capitalized letters instantly, as they being typed, even if they are being typed in lower case.
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Thank you. I pop in and out of Instagram… if you click on the links on the blog page you can see the caption.
Very observant.. indeed a Roses marmalade jar, left behind by a visitor, emptied and repurposed!
Despite the lack of rain we have flowers, for which I'm thankful. I'm pleased you enjoyed the pics.
Happy for you ☺ Much as I'd love the tanks & river to be replenished asap I'm patiently enjoying our gentle rain. Hopefully the valley will be green for your visit.
I'd love a week of gentle rain… But a few cloudbursts will do instead!
A lovely gentle post dale and so good to hear about your daily activities as well as study.
Thank you. A lot of the satisfaction & inspiration comes from the influence of you and other likeminded people, in my approach, kitchen and garden… where your gifts of saved seeds have become baby cos leaves and kale beginning to sprout.
Sounds like you are really immersed in what is important in life.
I am pleased that your course has brought you so much, knowledge and friendships that will last for a long time. The simple flowers are beautiful, and the seeds to come will be very welcome too.
I was only saying today I must save some seeds. Amongst other things the sweet peas are laden with pods. Although I think self seeding will lend the vege garden its own style!
'Small pleasures', Dale? What a 'Great pleasure' it is to wander over somewhere where it is peaceful and productive and gentle, travelling away from what seems like an increasingly maddening world . . . love your photographic journey showing the beauty of the smallest blossoms we may not always note . . . oh, and would you send just a few sprinkles of rain down south: September said a firm 'no' to even 'Camelot rain' . . .
Thank you. I think we have seen the last of the rain for a while but it was welcome and useful. We keep up with the sometimes 'maddening world'… its frustrations felt by so many of us. But we aim for some quiet space & life which allows us welcome respite… sometimes in the form of the joy of seeking out & appreciating those small blossoms.
Very nice; love the pictures and the Taplin quote. Thanks for posting.


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For the past 10 years, it's been a foregone conclusion that Amazon would soon take over the retail world. As proof, in 2017 Forbes.com published an article titled "Walmart Will Never Beat Amazon".
But, as with everything, nothing is so certain. Just two years later, the author who published "Walmart will never beat Amazon" has published a new article for Forbes (March 2019) titled "Walmart And Target Beat Amazon" .
So, what has changed to turn the tide against Amazon? It comes down to three things:
First, the retail world has committed a lot of resources and made strides to narrow Amazon's advantages.
Technology surrounding their pricing model and search algorithms, unlimited product offerings, quick delivery, along with Amazon's ability to sell products cheaper due to their lack of store overhead were keys to their success.
But brick and mortar retailers have started to figure out .com and turned the negatives of large formats and vast numbers of stores into advantages by utilizing stores as virtual fulfillment centers. Additionally, it's become clearer that brick and mortar has a lock on pharmacy, alcohol, and perishable products. In Walmart's case, they have stores within five miles of 70% of the U.S. population, and the adoption of curbside pick-up programs is a big win for them against online challengers.
Kroger and Target have taken notice and both have revitalized their business and are showing signs they are strengthening.
With 15,000 stores, Dollar General is a name that gets mentioned a lot in Walmart circles as a dark horse competitor that is well-positioned.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce estimates that only 2-5% of the U.S. grocery retail market is done online and that by 2023, the number will still be less than 10%. To continue to succeed, Amazon will have to make huge investments in brick and mortar going forward.
Second, Amazon has never really been leading in retail despite perception.
Their trajectory has been undeniable. The problem with the trajectory, however, is that sales growth has been achieved without profitability. Amazon became profitable in 2016, but even so, most of its revenue comes from Amazon Web Services, which makes up 58% of Amazon's operating income.
Another element that aided in Amazon's rapid growth trajectory was slow ecommerce regulation which allowed Amazon to avoid substantial taxes not afforded to traditional businesses and therefore provided them pricing advantages.
Expect more pressure on profits as state and federal regulations close ecommerce loopholes that have allowed Amazon to pay $0 in taxes the past two years, while Walmart paid an effective tax rate of 30% ($3.2 billion) to the U.S. government in 2018.
As other retailers adapt and the cost to obtain store fronts increases, the confidence Wall Street has in Amazon's ability to monetize their customer base may change.
Third, Amazon's dream is too big.
Beyond competing with the world's leading retailers, Amazon now finds itself battling in many industries from media to spaceships with the top companies in the world such as Apple, Microsoft, Google, Tesla (SpaceX), Oracle, Netflix, and Disney in addition to Jeff Bezos's political ambitions.
Amazon will be here for a long time, but the pendulum has swung and their once-presumed world domination will have to wait. For the time being, there is room for hundreds of consumer goods retailers to succeed.
Scott Crossett is a Sr. Partner, Retained Search Specialist for the Consumer Goods Industry at Cameron Smith & Associates.


when it is swollen with ice and melting snow.
which are dark with ice, and where the snow hides itself.
and become darkened because of ice, and the snow melts into them.
Filled with waters made cold by ice, they are where the snow goes to hide.
They are dark because of ice; snow is piled up over them.
Which are black by reason of the ice, in which the snow hides itself.
They are dark with ice. They are hidden by snow.
Which are turbid because of ice, And into which the snow melts.
which was hidden by ice and covered by snow.
They who used to reverence me, now have come against me like snow or congealed ice.
but ceasing in the dry season and vanishing from their channels in the heat.
As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.


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Vienna Rose Milk Bath: Would Milk Bath by Any Other Name Smell as Sweet?
Nope. Nothing is sweeter than our little princess, Vienna Rose, and the milk bath named after her. If you say otherwise you will be treading on dangerous ground. With 7 brothers you better watch what you say around little Vienna or anything even remotely related to her… Like this amazing Vienna Rose Milk Bath.
This Vienna Rose Milk Bath just has that royal air about it. Perhaps this is because it's named after a real life princess. Vienna is the long awaited little girl in the family and has stolen everybody's heart with her petite frame and gentle manner. She is protected and honored just like a beautiful and delicate flower and she is prized and adored like a princess of the old world. Likewise, this Vienna Rose Milk Bath is a jewel among other milk baths with its pleasant and relaxing aroma and beautifying power over the skin. Enjoy!


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Night of the Demons (2009): Colored Lights Enhance Low-Budget Horror
The past decade's proliferation of inexpensive, high-quality video cameras has yielded hundreds (maybe thousands) of low-budget horror films. Alas, many of these films suffer from that cheap "home video" look and sound -- and in a way that does not aesthetically support the characters, story, or themes.
The lighting is flat and boring. The filmmaker was satisfied with whatever light was available on set, or brought just enough additional lighting gear to capture an image.
The sound is harsh and hollow. The filmmaker shot in his own apartment (rather than on a sound stage), and the actors' voices reverberated off of the hard walls and hardwood floor. Which would not have been a problem had the filmmaker used rugs, sound blankets, or other sound dampening tools.
Colored lights are an inexpensive way to help overcome the "cheap, boring" lighting problem. Colored lights will work for any film, but are especially likely to enhance films of the fantastique (such as a supernatural horror film).
I don't normally like horror film remakes, but 2009's Night of the Demons is a fairly good one, largely (though not exclusively) due to its use of diegetic colored lights.
Lights can be either diegetic or nondiegetic. Diegetic lights have their source within the story (e.g., a table lamp, car headlights). Nondiegetic lights have no logical source within the story. Dario Argento's Suspiria and Norman J. Warren's British tale of witchcraft, Terror, are examples of horror films that make extensive use of nondiegetic colored lights.
Many scenes in Night of the Demons are enhanced with diegetic colored lights. Consider this early scene of three girls riding in a car. The middle girl is lit purplish blue. The other two girls are lit red.
Why? From where do these colored lights originate? It's never explained. The red lights flash, depart, and return throughout their trip. Maybe they're driving past stores with bright red neon signs, or emergency vehicles flashing their lights? (Yet we hear no sirens.)
Whatever these lights' sources, they enhance the scene. They contribute to a supernatural mood, preparing us for the dramatic events to come.
The girls' destination is a Halloween party at a reputedly haunted house. As they enter, we see that the house's interior is brightly lit with primary colors (similar to Suspiria's color palette).
The colors are bolder and more prominent than in the car, and once again support an ethereal, supernatural ambiance. Plus, they're beautiful to behold -- there's no reason a horror film can't delight an audience with its beauty even as it scares.
The police raid the party and evict most of the partygoers. That leaves seven young people. We see them in a dark living room (two photos, below).
Rather than boring white or yellow table lamps, colored and decorative lights are the primary visible light sources. If any stage lights are used, they're only bright enough to illuminate the characters, but not so bright as to overwhelm the on-set colored lights or destroy the mood they've created.
Consider how relatively inexpensive it was to create this beautiful and mood-enhancing scene (above). A mood that aesthetically support's the films' supernatural conceit.
Here in this other room (below), bright lights adorn the wall. Sometimes these lights appear white against a blue background. Other times they glow blue.
These lights hanging on the wall don't look expensive, yet consider how far they go in creating a supernatural ambiance. An ambiance that supports the upcoming dramatic event -- the two women (one of them possessed by a demon) floating off the ground.
Bright primary colors aren't appropriate for every horror film. Some horror stories work better with grim, gritty, desaturated colors. And most horror films work with far less money than Night of the Demons's reported $10 million production budget.
But colored lights (whether decorative diegetic lights or nondiegetic stage lighting) are relatively inexpensive. When used appropriately, they can go far in creating mood and making a film look less "cheap."
Sometime to consider if you're you're shooting a horror film on a low-budget.
For more about how to effectively light a horror film, see Horror Film Aesthetics: Creating the Visual Language of Fear. This blog represents a continuing discussion of my views on horror, picking up from where the book left off.
Posted by Thomas at 3:59 AM No comments:
Labels: Dario Argento, lighting, Night of the Demons, Norman J. Warren, Suspiria, Terror
Night of the Demons (2009): Colored Lights Enhance...


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THE GLOBE IS A 10 TRIPLE ROSE FLORAL EMBOSSED PATTERN. WHEN LITE THE GLOBE IS A BEAUTIFUL RED GLOW.... THE BODY IS SOLID SATIN FINNISH COPPER WITH BRASS FILIGREE ON TWO SIDES. THIS WONDERFUL ANTIQUE LAMP IS IN GREAT CONDITION. Add a map to your own listings. The item "ANTIQUE' BRADLEY & HUBBARD' BANQUET PARLOR OIL LAMP ELECTRIFED" is in sale since Tuesday, October 2, 2018. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Lamps, Lighting\Lamps\ Non-Electric\Oil".


Percentages: FG .385, FT .714.
3-Point Goals: 6-15, .400 (Cain 4-5, Reed 1-3, Strus 1-6, Olujobi 0-1).
Team Rebounds: 3. Team Turnovers: 10 (10 PTS).
Blocked Shots: 7 (Butz 3, Reed 3, Olujobi).
Turnovers: 10 (Strus 4, Cameron 2, Butz, Olujobi, Reed, Shreiner).
Steals: 6 (Reed 3, Cain, Cameron, Strus).
Percentages: FG .423, FT .529.
3-Point Goals: 10-22, .455 (Collins 4-7, Yetna 2-2, Rideau 2-5, Castaneda 1-2, Brown 1-4, Lang 0-2).
Team Rebounds: 6. Team Turnovers: 11 (14 PTS).
Blocked Shots: 4 (Yetna 2, Kiir, Rideau).
Turnovers: 11 (Collins 3, Durr 2, Kiir 2, Maricevic 2, Castaneda, Rideau).


text:
Q: For piecewise $\mathcal C^1$ path there exists a $\mathcal C^1$ reparametrization I want to show the following.

Let $\gamma :[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}^n$ be a piecewise continuously differentiable path. Then there exists a reparametrization of $\gamma$ which is continuously differentiable.

There was a hint provided which says that you need to "slow down" at the corners to make the path differentiable at the corner. This makes sense but I don't know how I can use this. I only have the beginning like so:
" Let $\xi = \{t_{0} = a < t_{1} < \ldots < t_{K} = b\}$ be a partition of $[a,b]$ such that $\gamma _{\mid [t_{k-1},t_{k}]}$ is continuously differentiable for all $k = 1,\ldots,K$. I need to find $\psi:[\tilde a,\tilde b] \to [a,b]$ such that the reparametrization $\tilde \gamma: [\tilde a,\tilde b] \to \Bbb R^n$ with $\tilde \gamma(t)=(\gamma \circ \psi)(t)$ is continuously differentiable. "
Can somebody give me a hint how to prove this? Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I first started working on Zombie Zero, I thought it was going to be one long book. There were so many things happening in the story, and so many characters introducing themselves to me in my head; not only that, there was a whole world falling apart, and countless stories to be told within that fall. The thought of considering all of this supporting material 'fat', and cutting it, was an impossible one to consider; some of these characters show up in the sequel, although if their stories were told in the first book it would seem like a bunch of irrelevant fluff. I don't mind the apocalyptic novel that spends a bunch of time on a bunch of characters that end up dying before the story really gets cooking; but it's been done before, plenty of times, and that was not going to do anything but slow down the pacing of this book.
So, what to do with all of this supporting content? Does it all just live in my head, and make this world more real to only me? Nah, that would be silly, and kind of sad. I figured out a better option.
I wrote a blog telling you that I would be releasing a chapter from Zombie Zero every month until its release. This is one of those rare occasions where I have changed my mind. It only happens when a better idea comes along, and this is definitely a better idea. Yep, you guessed it: I'll be writing a series of short stories that go along with Zombie Zero! I'll be sharing them exclusively with my newsletter subscribers. At least one short story will be sent out every month. It begins March 18th, next Friday. Every third Friday, a new short story will go out to subscribers. Watch for bonus months, with two or even three stories showing up in subscribers' inboxes! It will end the third Friday of December 2016. The free exclusive content won't end; it will just go along with my next project, so it will change.
There are eighteen short stories altogether. I already have them outlined, and ordered. They're not random or unrelated; when the books come out, it will be pretty clear how each story ties in. The first fifteen stories will be compiled into three books after Zombie Zero Book II comes out. The other three stories will remain exclusive to newsletter subscribers, forever. It's a way for me to say 'thanks for subscribing' using more than just those words.
So, I should clear up how one long book became five shorter ones. Well, as is generally the case with me, I have to give all the credit (or blame) to the story itself. I looked at the way the first part of this tale and its characters were presenting themselves, and I realized that it was better on its own. I looked ahead, and realized the ending wasn't just an ending; it was a story in itself. I looked around, and realized that all of these supporting stories could be written while the two books were being written, and could be compiled together at the end. It would make a great set of short stories compilations, and they will stand on their own as well.
The truth is, there is a real opportunity for me to create a lot of content to support this story, but this is about all I can talk about here. That being said, I think it's already a lot. I would have cowered in a corner at the prospect of such a huge amount of writing and editing two years ago, or even last year; now I have a schedule and a plan, and all the resources and experience I need to pull this off. I can't possibly express how excited I am about all of this here; hopefully you have some idea.
Book one will be titled Zombie Zero: The First Zombie. It will be available for pre-order April 4th; it will release July 1st. Book two will be titled Zombie Zero: The Last Zombie. It will be available for pre-order July 11th; it will release October 7th, 2016. The companion tales will be compiled into three books; they will be available for pre-order the same day book two drops, October 7th; they will release November 11th, 2016. All five publications will be available in ebook and print format, and dedicated print copies will be available on my website. And now we both know the schedule! I hope you look forward to all these dates as much as I do!
One last thing: I know I'm doing this backwards. The way to make folks buy the short story books is to make all of the stories available in there, and only give away fifteen to newsletter subscribers. Well, I like this model better. If you like all the stories, and want to support me and Sudden Insight Publishing, I would appreciate the sale a great deal. (I appreciate reviews too, as do most authors.) But I want to show you that I'm in this for the long haul, and that it will continue to pay off for you if you join me in that long haul. Free quality content exclusive to newsletter subscribers will be a consistent part of whatever I am doing from here on out. Again…thanks for subscribing!


text:
Q: Searching an element by a key value in STL map Is it necessary to do a loop (with the related iterators) to search an element in a STL map? Or does it work with .find(key_value) STL method?
If I could do both ways I suppose that .find method it works more efficient, could you also confirm it?
For example:
1.Doing this by a loop:
map<string,User> mapUser;
map<string,User>::iterator it=mapUser.begin();
while(it != mapUser.end()){
  if(it->first == ID){
      //ID found
  }
  ++it;
}

2.Doing this by .find(key_value):
map<string,User> mapUser;
map<string,User>::iterator it=mapUser.find(ID);
    if(it != mapUser.end()){
          // ... ID found (there is a key value in STL map equal to ID)
    }else
          // ID not found

A: std::map is implemented as a R-B Binary Tree, so find is O(logN). There's no way to make this "more efficient". Searching by iteration is O(N) and incredibly inefficient, completely defeating the point of using a std::map in the first place.
I recommend you look up what a std::map is and how it compares to something like a std::vector.


On a second consecutive night of fights on ShoBox: The New Generation on Showtime, featherweight Luis Orlando "Orlandito" Del Valle's rising star shined in a 10-round unanimous decision over Dat "Be Dat'' Nguyen with scores of 99-91 three times.
In the co-feature, Jonathan Gonzalez scored a convincing 10-round unanimous decision by the scores of 99-91 and 98-92 twice in a junior middleweight matchup over Richard Gutierrez from Roseland Ballroom in New York City on the eve of the Puerto Rican Day Parade.
Del Valle (13-0,10 KOs), of Bayamon , P.R., impressed the boisterous Boricua-based crowd and Showtime announcers alike with his sharp shots and well-timed counter punches. Known for throwing a high volume of shots, Nguyen (17-2, 6 KOs), a resident of Vero Beach, Fla., came out swinging but Del Valle anticipated Nguyen's wide punches with crisp counters.
The two exchanged many times throughout the early rounds with Del Valle winning the upper hand nearly every time. As Del Valle's face bore only a small cut under his right eye, Nguyen's slug-marked mug swelled more and more with each passing round.
Though Del Valle, who was taking a big step up in level of opposition, proved that his name belonged higher on the prospects to watch list, Nguyen showed a tremendous amount of bravado – and a granite chin – as he refused to give up or even hit the canvas.
Beginning in the sixth round, Del Valle dominated the fight by teeing off on Nguyen against the ropes where Nguyen couldn't counter with more than a few unwise "bring it on" taunts at the surging Puerto Rican. The crowd got behind the 24-year-old Del Valle as he closed out the best performance of his young career.
The night's opening bout began before the bell as both contestants shouted insults to one another from across the ring. The fight started with two action rounds to the crowd's delight that saw Gonzalez unload countless power shots and Gutierrez returning with hard counters.
As the scrap settled into the third round and beyond, the fighters were warned about multiple fouls by referee Gary Rosato from low blows to hitting behind the head and the clashing of heads.
In the 6th round, Gonzalez began to pick the action back up and unload heavy shots to the head and body of Guttierez but ended his barrage with a low blow that gave Gutierrez some much needed time to recover. Gonzalez stayed active through his first career distance fight winning a satisfying unanimous decision.
The card was co-promoted by DiBella Entertainment and Gary Shaw Productions.
The telecast will replay this Thursday, June 16 at 10:30 p.m. ET/PT on Showtime Extreme and be available On Demand beginning June 14 through June 27.


text:
Trust History
Grant Qualifications/Request
Fort Wayne Branch, AAUW Trust
P.O. Box 10993, Fort Wayne, IN 46855
The Fort Wayne Branch American Association of University Women (herein referred to as AAUW) Trust was established in 1979 when the Branch received a bequest from the estate of R. Hazel Miller. An additional bequest in 1989 from the estate of Letha Falls was added to the capital account. In 1998, a generous donation was given to the Trust in memory of Anne K. Waterfield. Additional gifts and memorials are recognized in the Treasurer's AAUW Fort Wayne Branch Annual Reports.
AAUW Trust purposes include:
Encouraging education among members of AAUW and of the community
Funding appropriate studies and projects in keeping with the objectives of AAUW
Promoting standards of excellence in public school education and in higher education
Cooperating with persons, organizations, trusts, or foundations with similar purposes
Grants ranging from five hundred to three thousand dollars are distributed once a year. An individual or organization receiving a grant may reapply no earlier than three years from the date of the received grant (for example, a grant recipient of April 2019 would be eligible to reapply in January 2023). The grant application period is January 1 through February 28. The application form is included in this website and must be returned by way of this medium. The Trust Board meets in March to review the grant requests for eligibility and awards determination. Recipients will be notified and in April, at a public meeting place, both parties will sign a contract (see sample on this website) and the monies will be disbursed.
Public acknowledgement of receipt of a grant must be made by all recipients through means acceptable to the Board.
Further, at the end of the grant period, detailed accounting of the use of the funds is to be documented and examples given of print materials and other media used for public awareness of the project and acknowledging the use of AAUW Trust funds.
Finally, a presentation of the grant use, goals, and measure of accomplishment of said goals shall be made before the Board at the following April public meeting including physically giving the said documentation to the Board Chair or representative.
AAUW Trust Historian's Report for 2022
A total of nine grants were awarded in 2022, totaling: $12,000.00. The grants were awarded to the following recipients:
Associated Churches of Ft. Wayne & Allen County – To provide support and training for "Journey Beside Mothers" program for new and expectant mothers experiencing depression and/or anxiety.
Bashor Children's Home/United Methodist Church – To provide interactive Smart Board for classrooms of residential girls recovering from human trafficking trauma.
Allen County Fort Wayne Historical Society, Inc. – To provide free museum admission for school students.
Fort Wayne Children's Zoo – To provide items for science activities for student campers.
The Literacy Alliance – To support costume, props, and production costs for the play "Silent Sky" – A play about women and supporting equity in the work environment.
League of Women Voters – An LWV Vote 411 Education Grant to provide ongoing public information about voting through publicity and media.
Fort Wayne Youtheatre – To support production costs to provide sensory friendly performances for people with disabilities.
Whittington Homes & Services for Children – To provide educational tutoring supplies for youth who families are not involved with the IN Department of Child Services.
Girl Scouts of Northern Indiana-Michiana – To support the Girl Scout STEM Initiative for providing activities to help young women learn about careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).
A total of 403 grants have been awarded as of 2022. Through the years, the AAUW Fort Wayne Branch Trust has awarded grants to date totaling the amount of $461,012.42.
e Market Designs


text:
Home/Anti-Science/Um, I don't support this…..
Anti-ScienceReligionSkepticism
Um, I don't support this…..
writerdd Send an email June 22, 2008
14 0 1 minute read
In case it's unclear to anyone… I do not support this kind of thing:
John Freshwater is a science teacher at Mount Vernon Middle School in Ohio. A public school.
He preaches his Christian beliefs in class.
He teaches Creationism/Intelligent Design.
He kept the Ten Commandments on the door of his classroom until he was finally forced to take it down.
He failed to remove a Bible from his classroom even after he was asked to get rid of it.
He gave his students extra credit if they saw the sham that is Expelled and completed an assignment explaining "why it is important to examine this objectively and not let bias affect your observations."
Oh… and he burns crosses into his students arms.
And it ain't just the branding that I disagree with. I concur with Hemant when he says, "Why this man is even allowed near children amazes me." At least he's finally being fired (thanks to Emory for pointing out this update).
Oh, and just for the record, I vehemently despise the Discovery Institute and William Dembski.
When you read this, I will be somewhere between Chicago and Warsaw. I didn't want to leave with rumors going around that I'd come out as a creationist!Â
writerdd
Donna Druchunas is a freelance technical writer and editor and a knitwear designer. When she's not working, she blogs, studies Lithuanian, reads science and sci-fi books, mouths off on atheist forums, and checks her email every three minutes. (She does that when she's working, too.) Although she loves to chat, she can't keep an IM program open or she'd never get anything else done.
TheNerd says:
Are you, by any chance, referring to Warsaw, Indiana (as opposed to Warsaw, Poland)?
I just so happen to live in Warsaw IN. It's excessively conservative here. At least, the people who vote and start churches are. It's really hard to know about the rest of us, because we're a nice quiet bunch.
Rystefn says:
Well, she's going to Lithuania, so I can't imagine a reason for a stopover in Indiana… but you never know, it's not like flying routes have ever really made a whole lot of sense.
I agree. It was next to impossible to find a direct flight to Italy this past winter. I had to settle for a night's stay in Dublin, Ireland both ways!
MarlowePI says:
Yeah, due to a cancelled flight I was once very nearly rescheduled for a flight from Baltimore to Rome with a stopover in Chicago.
Rav Winston says:
I've never flown anywhere that took less than thirteen hours for at least one of the legs.
Warsaw, Poland. And now I am in Vilnius, Lithuania! TTYL.
JSug says:
This is the sort of thing that really bugs me:
Freshwater's friend Dave Daubenmire defended him.
"With the exception of the cross-burning episode … I believe John Freshwater is teaching the values of the parents in the Mount Vernon school district,"
My understanding has always been that it is not a public school teacher's job to teach values, aside from those that relate to scholarship. If he has such a hard time teaching his subject matter without personal bias, maybe he should have chosen a different career.
@Jsug: I've been arguing for a while that schools should teach some basic values like the duties of citizenship, common courtesy, even some rudimentary etiquette.
BUT I want them taught in a separate course.
The benefit (or draw-back if you are a sneaky fanatic) is that the curriculum would be above-board and open to public review and debate.
I am sure that no one is surprised to know that some of the people who most oppose my crazy, liberal idea as a subversion of their parenting also support rogue teachers like Mr. Freshwater.
shanek says:
"why it is important to examine this objectively and not let bias affect your observations."
Summary of the paper I would write:
"Because then you won't get taken in by obvious propaganda such as this intellectually dishonest piece of tripe made by know-nothing self-righteous politicians who have gotten above their station that our teacher (who could do a LOT more objective examinations of things himself) forced us to endure."
I'd probably get an F.
@Jsug: I've been arguing for a while that schools should teach some basic values like the duties of citizenship, common courtesy, even some rudimentary etiquette.
My 8th grade social studies class covered the US constitution and the duties of citizenship. Courtesy and etiquette tend to be more subjective. Everyone thinks the people around them need to learn some manners ;o)
Everyone thinks the people around them need to learn some manners
That's exactly what got me thinking about teaching values in schools. If "everyone thinks" we have a problem, maybe we should address it.
The problem, I think, comes when everyone thinks that EVERYONE ELSE is the problem.
JOHNEA13 says:
We should teach the kids to worship the sun and pray to Joe Pesci.
gwenny says:
Hard to believe this can still happen. In the mid 90s my daughter had a science teacher like this who kept a Bible on his desk and called the kids "stupid" because they couldn't guess that the volcano he was thinking of was Pompeii?!?! . . .he ripped her pentacle off her neck after she said something sarcastic and only got the rest of the year (three days) off with pay. The police wouldn't even let me press charges. SHE got suspended for being disrespectful. I was so angry.
I started to home school shortly after that. Best choice I ever made.


SimplyPHP Inc. has sponsored Youth Travel Foundation (YTF) to help grow their web presence and expand their existing site beyond its current capabilities.
The Youth Travel Foundation encourages young people to further their education and training through travel and international experiences. Every year, they award three types of grants to young travellers or groups of travellers who submit their projects for travel, work or studies, anywhere in the world. Since their doors were opened in 1993, more than 600 young people have completed a travel project with the help of grants provided by the organization.
With the launch of the new website, Youth Travel Foundation is confident that outreach and donation campaigns as well as other sponsorship opportunities for the organization will grow, allowing YTF to help more youth achieve their travel project goals.
As for the future of their users, Cacio also believes that the sponsorship from SimplyPHP will enhance user experience by providing a platform where users will be able to log into user profiles, change forms and documents as well as update their projects, all providing better access to the grants available to them.
For more information about the Youth Travel Foundation visit www.ftj-ytf.ca .


text:
Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill, Duquesa de Marlborough VA (nascida Frances Anne Emily Vane; 15 de abril de 1822 - 16 de abril de 1899) foi a esposa de John Spencer-Churchill, 7.º Duque de Marlborough. Um de seus filhos, Lorde Randolph Churchill era o pai do premiê Winston Churchill. Ela tinha 11 filhos, e sua casa principal foi o Palácio de Blenheim.

Família
Lady Frances nasceu em Londres, a filha mais velha de Charles William Vane, 3.º Marquês de Londonderry e da Lady Frances Anne Vane-Tempest. Seu padrinho era Arthur Wellesley, 1.º Duque de Wellington. Ela tinha três irmãos, incluindo George Vane-Tempest, 5.º Marquês de Londonderry, e duas irmãs mais novas. Ela tinha um meio-irmão mais velho Frederick Stewart, 4.º Marquês de Londonderry, pelo primeiro casamento de seu pai com Lady Catherine Bligh.

No dia 12 de julho de 1843, em Londres, lady Frances casou-se com John Spencer-Churchill, Marquês de Blandford. Eles tiveram onze filhos:
 George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8.º Duque de Marlborough (1844–1892)
 Frederick John Winston Spencer-Churchill (1846–1850), morreu jovem.
 Cornelia Henrietta Maria Spencer-Churchill (1847–1927)
 Rosamond Jane Frances Spencer-Churchill (m. 1920)
 Lorde Randolph Churchill (1849–1895)
 Fanny Octavia Louise Spencer-Churchill (1853–1904)
 Anne Emily Spencer-Churchill (1854–1923)
 Charles Ashley Spencer-Churchill (1856–1858), morreu jovem.
 Augustus Robert Spencer-Churchill (1858–1859), morreu jovem.
 Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill]] (1860–1906)
 Sarah Isabella Augusta Spencer-Churchill (m. 1929)
Frances morreu em Blenheim em 16 de abril de 1899, um dia após seu aniversário de 77 anos, tendo sobrevivido a cinco de seus onze filhos. Ela foi enterrada em 21 de abril de 1899.

Duquesas de Marlborough
Damas da Real Ordem de Vitória e Alberto
Naturais de Londres

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Each year we get asked by numerous investors . . . are bricks and mortar investments such as mortgage funds safe havens? The latest residential price indicators showing strong increases across the nation could not have come at a better time. With many investors considering a diversification of assets away from the stock market, the sight of some property markets - Melbourne, for example - rising by 20% is clearly compelling.
However some investors seem to be considering a quick foray into property to capitalise on predictions that some sectors of some markets will continue to show similar price increases throughout 2008.
What many have latched onto is the annual median house and unit prices released by Australian Property Monitors several weeks back and published in all major newspapers. These national, composite figures came during a period of continued stockmarket dive and showed Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide recording spectacular price growth above 20% while Sydney lagged, registering a rise of just 5%.
Headline writers made much of the fact that Melbourne, if it continued at this pace in 2008, would catch up to and even overtake Sydney as the least affordable city in Australia. They didn't emphasise the "if". Melbourne surpassing Sydney is highly unlikely, but it's the sort of speculation that makes investors refocus on property.
The first question the "novice investor" seriously needs to ask is, "Why do I want to invest in property and why now?" A simple question? You bet! And the answer is crucial.
If it's because the investor is exiting the stockmarket and wants to park some funds in property related assets in the short term, with a view to making a big profit based on expectations raised by short-term data, then our answer is equally simple, "Put the money in the bank."
If, on the other hand, the investor has made a firm commitment to using property to create wealth over the long term, then it's a case of studying the ground rules before plunging in - particularly in relation to careful and correct asset selection and taking a considered, educated view of property and how it works as a long-term strategy.
With property, the bottom line is ensuring the asset will perform consistently over time and through a variety of economic conditions and influences. We urge all investors to pay attention to preservation and protection of existing wealth-creating assets. If an existing property investor is secure in the level of capital growth, long-term potential for ongoing growth and in their ability to financially service the investment, then some strategic and diversifying planning needs to be applied to any additional purchases.
Many have predicted that price growth will continue to diverge across the major cities. Sydney is predicted to remain subdued. Perth and Adelaide are expected to cool after hitting peaks last year and analysts predict Melbourne (the standout in 2007) may see rises in the most sought-after investment property sectors in the order of 5-8%. They predict that we may, repeat may, see some increases of around 10% in the early part of the year when the market opens off the back of pent-up demand left over from last year's strong close. But that is likely to apply to very specific assets in specific inner city (20km radius from the GPO) locations.
Once investors have taken a careful and educated approach to correct asset selection in what may initially be an unfamiliar asset class, the most consistent, long-term growth properties will usually outperform the second-rate ones this year, next year and the year after.
But, anybody who thinks there are quick "windfalls" to be had over the next six months to a year in the residential property market is not only barking up the wrong tree, they're just plain barking!
In times like this, some investors panic and some make a fortune. Of course many people are also busy selling out of shares and digging into bricks and mortar via Mortgage Funds.
Property, the trusty staple of the Australian investor diet is being eyed longingly again by many who just want to be able to walk through the front door of their investment and not through the front door of their broker worried about the volatility of their money.


text:
Amway boost for Queenstown's tourist economy
John Key speaks in China (Lloyd Burr/Newshub.)
Ten thousand of China's best Amway salespeople will be rewarded with trips to Queenstown, injecting an estimated $50 million into the region's economy.
Prime Minister John Key announced the deal yesterday, struck at the end of his week-long trip aimed at boosting trade between New Zealand and China.
"This is by far the biggest incentive business New Zealand has ever won, and it sends a strong message that New Zealand is a serious contender in the global incentive market," said Mr Key.
Tourism NZ chief executive Kevin Bowler says the best part about the deal is that the trips will take place in the off-season.
"Our country, our hotels are very, very full over the summer period, so getting 10,000 additional visitors it has to come in our off-peak period," he said on Paul Henry this morning.
The Amway staff will arrive in groups of 500 during autumn 2018, staying for five days.
The $50 million boost to the economy is a minimum; whatever visitors choose to spend themselves is a bonus.
Mr Bowler says the growing number of visitors from China is being matched by interest from other big markets, such as the United States and India.
"We've got American Airlines starting to fly, we've got United flying, we've got Air New Zealand expanding their reach into the US by flying to Texas. I think we'll be sitting here in a year saying the US is up 20 percent," he says.
"Indian travellers love to come to New Zealand in November and December, then they like to come back in April and May -- it's a perfect market for New Zealand."
With Auckland and Queenstown hotel space tight in the peak seasons, Mr Bowler says central and local government should look at expanding facilities elsewhere, to build capacity and discourage freedom camping.


text:
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using ExcelAbstraction.Entities;
using ExcelAbstraction.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace ExcelAbstraction.Tests
{
	public abstract class ExcelServiceDiskTests
	{
		protected readonly IExcelService ExcelService;

		protected Workbook Workbook;

		readonly string _fileName;
		readonly ExcelVersion _version;
		readonly string _newFileName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

		protected ExcelServiceDiskTests(IExcelService excelService, string fileName, ExcelVersion version)
		{
			ExcelService = excelService;
			_fileName = fileName;
			_version = version;
		}

		public virtual void TestInitialize()
		{
			Workbook = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_fileName);
		}

		public virtual void TestCleanup()
		{
			File.Delete(_newFileName);
		}

		public virtual void ExcelService_OpenWorkbook_FileNotFound_ReturnsNull()
		{
			Assert.IsNull(ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()));
		}

		public virtual void ExcelService_CheckGrid()
		{
			foreach (var worksheet in Workbook.Worksheets)
			{
				var rows = worksheet.Rows.ToArray();

				for (int i = 0; i < rows.Length; i++)
				{
					var row = rows[i];
					if (row == null) continue;

					Assert.AreEqual(i, row.Index);

					var cells = rows[i].Cells.ToArray();

					Assert.AreEqual(worksheet.ColumnCount, cells.Length);

					for (int j = 0; j < cells.Length; j++)
					{
						var cell = cells[j];
						if (cell == null) continue;

						Assert.AreEqual(i, cell.RowIndex);
						Assert.AreEqual(j, cell.ColumnIndex);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		public virtual void ExcelService_UsesCulture()
		{
			ExcelService.Format = new CultureInfo("en-US");
			var before = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_fileName);
			ExcelService.Format = new CultureInfo("de-DE");
			var after = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_fileName);
			Assert.IsFalse(ExcelCompare.Compare(before, after));
		}

		public virtual void ExcelService_IgnoresThreadCulture()
		{
			ExcelService.Format = new CultureInfo("en-US");
			var before = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_fileName);
			Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo("de-DE");
			var after = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_fileName);
			Assert.IsTrue(ExcelCompare.Compare(before, after));
		}

		public virtual void ExcelService_WriteWorkbook()
		{
			ExcelService.WriteWorkbook(Workbook, _version, _newFileName);
			var newWorkbook = ExcelService.ReadWorkbook(_newFileName);
			Assert.IsTrue(ExcelCompare.Compare(Workbook, newWorkbook));
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: When is $(dy/dx)^{-1}=dx/dy$ for multivariable functions? In general for a multivariable functions $y(m,n)$, $x(m,n)$,
$$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\partial y}{\partial m}\frac{dm}{dx}+\frac{\partial y}{\partial n}\frac{dn}{dx}\tag{1}$$
and
$$\frac{dx}{dy}=\frac{\partial x}{\partial m}\frac{dm}{dy}+\frac{\partial x}{\partial n}\frac{dn}{dy}\tag{2}$$
so in general clearly $(dy/dx)^{-1}$ need not be equal to $dx/dy$.
My question is what is the precision Mathematical conditions on functions $y(m,n)$ and $x(m,n)$ under which this equality holds.
Clearly I could explicitly calculate $dy/dx$ and $dx/dy$ and check the equality, but is there a better way to see this equality from the point of view of the properties of the functions. Here, by functions I mean functions that commonly appear in physics (and definitely not some exotic function that has no physical origins - this is the reason I decided to post it in PhysicsSE and not MathSE).
If there exist any such properties, I would also like to have a mathematical proof that states that these properties are equivalent to proving the equality explicitly from the first principle i.e. using (1) and (2).

Edit: I have been notified of a possible ill definition of these particular chain rules, which would mean the question itself is invalid and I very likely might have misinterpreted something. To verify this possible ill definition I have posed a question in MathSE.

A: Its only true when $y$ is a single variable function of $x$, so
$$
y = y(x).
$$
If $y$ is a function of multiple variables, say $y = y(m,n)$, then its derivative is really a vector.
$$
\nabla y = \left( \frac{\partial y}{\partial m}, \frac{\partial y}{\partial n}\right).
$$
Furthermore, the derivative of $x$ is also a vector, $\nabla x$.
Now, note that you can't even divide vectors even if you wanted to. In general, the expression
$$
\frac{\nabla y}{\nabla x}
$$
just makes no sense. So then, in the multivariable case, the expression
$$
\frac{dy}{dx}
$$
likewise makes no sense in general.
However, there is a special case in which it does make sense. That is when $y$ really can be written as a function of $x$, i.e.
$$
y(m,n) = f( x(m, n) )
$$
for some single variable function $f$. In this special case, $\nabla y$ is actually parallel to $\nabla x$, so it sort of does make sense to take the quotient $\nabla y / \nabla x$. And also, because $y = f(x)$, $y$ really is in a way just a single variable function of $x$, and so your identity will hold only in this case.
Also, as written now, your equations $(1)$ and $(2)$ are simply incorrect. $m$ and $n$ are not functions of $x$, so the expression $\partial m / \partial x$ doesn't make much sense. It's an incorrect application of the chain rule. Therefore you won't be able to prove anything from those starting points. To reiterate, the expression $dy/dx$ just has no meaning when $y$ and $x$ are general functions of $m$ and $n$, simply because a value of $x$ does not determine a unique value of $y$.
Edit:
As for your equations $(1)$ and $(2)$, here is the "meaning" of those equations. Each pair of functions of two variables defines a Jacobian which is a $2 \times 2$ matrix. So for the functions $(y(m,n), x(m,n))$ we have the Jacobian
$$
J_{x(m,n), y(m,n)} = \begin{pmatrix} \tfrac{\partial x}{\partial m} & \tfrac{\partial x}{\partial n} \\ \tfrac{\partial y}{\partial m} & \tfrac{\partial y}{\partial n} \end{pmatrix}
$$
and for the functions $(m(x,y), n(x,y))$ we have the Jacobian
$$
J_{m(x,y), n(x,y)} = \begin{pmatrix} \tfrac{\partial m}{\partial x} & \tfrac{\partial m}{\partial y} \\ \tfrac{\partial n}{\partial x} & \tfrac{\partial n}{\partial y} \end{pmatrix}.
$$
Because the maps here are inverse functions, one can prove that $J_{x(m,n), y(m,n)} J_{m(x,y), n(x,y)}= I$.
If we want to calculate the Jacobian for the composition of the two maps, which is $(x(m(x,y), n(x,y)), y(m(x,y), n(x,y) )$, the correct formula to use is to multiply the two Jacobians together. However, this is just $I$, which tautologically confirms that
$$
\begin{pmatrix} \tfrac{\partial x}{\partial x} & \tfrac{\partial x}{\partial y} \\ \tfrac{\partial y}{\partial x} & \tfrac{\partial y}{\partial y} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}.
$$
However, you won't be able to draw any conclusions about the form of $x$ or $y$ from this calculation. All you can do is calculate the identity matrix tautologically.

A: You're allowed to do this when you're working with functions of a single variable.
If you check, you'll find that in all examples in physics where $dy / dx = (dx / dy)^{-1}$ is used, this is the case. Examples include the trajectory of a single particle, which can be parametrized as $x(t)$, and the potential in a problem with spherical symmetry, which can be parametrized as $V(r)$.

A: As @knzhou has noted, in case of a function of a single variable
$$
\left[y'(x)\right]^{-1} = \frac{dx}{dy},
$$
since the derivative and the differential of a function of a single variable are equivalent.
This is not the case for the functions of several variables, see, e.g., my answers here and here.

A: It may not be obvious but you haven't specified all the information yet. Excuse me for changing your notation but define
\begin{align}
x(\vec u):\quad \mathbb R^n\rightarrow\mathbb R\\
y(\vec u):\quad \mathbb R^n\rightarrow\mathbb R
\end{align}
where I redefined $(m,n)$ as an n-dimensional point $\vec u$. Right now when I try to calculate $\frac{dy}{dx}$ I will get stuck because I'm missing information. You are differentiating $y(x)=y(\vec u(x))$ with respect to $x$ but we have never specified $\vec u(x)$. We can't just invert $x(\vec u)\rightarrow\vec u(x)$ because for a given value $x$ there's an infinite number of points $\vec u$ that give the same value $x$. To define a total derivative you implicitly have to specify a path in $\mathbb R^n$ because by definition a total derivative only depends on one variable. Once I have specified $\vec u(x)$ it is obvious that $dy/dx=(dx/dy)^{-1}$ because $y(\vec u(x))$ is just a function of one variable i.e. you can write it as $y(x)$. If $y(x)$ is invertible then
\begin{align}
\frac{dy}{dy}=\frac{d}{dy}y(x(y))&=\frac{dy(x(y))}{dx}\frac{dx(y)}{dy}\\
&=\frac{dy}{dx}\frac{dx}{dy}\overset !=1
\end{align}
So the mathematical conditions would be that $x(\vec u),\vec u(x),y(\vec u),\vec u(y)$ all exist and are continuous. I don't know much about function analysis so maybe there are better conditions.


text:
Southern Agenda
From the 1950s through 1979, a Houston postal worker named Jeff McKissack collected scraps of metal, bricks, gears, mannequins, statues, and rogue tractor parts and then used them to erect a mazelike three-thousand-square-foot monument dedicated to his favorite fruit. "The Orange Show Monument is a performance venue inside a massive whirligig wonder wheel," says Tommy Ralph Pace, the executive director of the Orange Show Center for Visionary Art (OSCVA), the foundation that protects and promotes this site and other outsider artworks in Houston. Through exhibits, performances, classes, public art installations, and an annual springtime parade of decorated cars, "we're poking at the notion of who is an artist," Pace says. This fall, OSCVA caps off its fortieth year with a workshop, exhibit, and performance by the Alabama found-object artist Lonnie Holley, and a show by the Mississippi Hill Country Blues players R. L. Boyce and Lightnin' Malcolm. orangeshow.org
This item was published as part of What's Happening in the South.


They create toys according to their aim Innovative toys for the development of every child. PlanToys incorporates thoughtful design and age-appropriate challenges to empower children, encourages social interaction, promotes natural learning, creative play and rewards discovery.
Their uncompromising quality is achieved through experienced designing team through manufacturing, packaging and shipping, they are meticulously dedicated to a process that ensures children safety.
PlanToys is made from recycled rubberwood that is non chemically treated. PlanToys enables children to play, learn and become closer to nature.
PlanToys simplicity in design is combined with innovative use of materials and real-valued function encouraging more creative play in a good learning environment.
PlanToys recognizes the importance of promoting good quality of life, balanced with concern for environment. We are committed to minimizing our impact on nature.


As I observed in my write-up of humans-and-fish-can-never-be-friends simulator FarSky, games rarely wade into the sea past their belly buttons, let alone delve 20,000 leagues under it. To be fair, there are good reasons for this: it's wet and cold down there; also, 3D cameras go haywire, controls suffer, and drowning isn't a lot of fun (by most definitions of the word). That's not stopping We Need To Go Deeper, though. It's a randomized, FTL-inspired submarine survivor about colossal creepy crawlies that lurk beneath the sea instead of the malevolent forces that go bump in space's eternal night. Also, it's co-op. First trailer below.
The deeper you go, the deadlier it gets, and your poor little sub looks about as durable as a soggy Subway sandwich. The key, then, is to be attentive to its needs, as you would be in any relationship in which you live inside someone and they protect you from krakens and stuff. Your sub is divided up into five sections, and you have to quickly defend and perform maintenance on all of them, lest they flood or become overrun by really rude otters or something.
It's obviously still rather early, and the animations don't look spectacular, but We Need To Go Deeper's style, personality, and goals are admirable. The plan is to release it around the end of summer 2014. Best of luck, Deli Interactive, and may all your days be free of giant tentacles (unless you like that sort of thing).
Tagged with Deli Interactive, We Need to Go Deeper.


text:
Over 30 Tri-State Brokers Recognized as CoStar Power Brokers for 2017
Kristin Kalbfell April 3, 2018 New York City
This spring, 32 Cushman & Wakefield brokers from the Tri-State Region were named CoStar's Power Brokers for 2017. Along with these top broker appreciations, the firm was recognized as a Top Leasing Firm and a Top Sales Firm in each of the Tri-State Region's submarkets including New York City, Northern New Jersey, Westchester County and Southern Connecticut. The awards are presented to firms and brokers with the highest levels of leasing activity, categorized by service line, and with the highest sales activity in their regions for 2017.
We had the highest number of Cushman & Wakefield recognitions in this category with 13 local Tri-State brokers earning the acknowledgement. Among those honored in this service line were Bruce Mosler, Jonathan Serko and Ethan Silverstein from our Midtown Manhattan office, who were also honored as Top Producers for the firm in 2017.
In New Jersey, Ben Brenner, Charles Parmelli, Jaqueline Madden, Raymond Trevisan, William O'Keefe and Shawn Straka of Morristown, NJ; Kevin Carton from the Iselin, NJ office; and Daniel Johnsen of East Rutherford were included as CoStar's Power Brokers. Daniel Johnsen was acknowledged by CoStar for his work in industrial leasing as well.
In the Southern Connecticut market, Jay Hruska and John Altieri were recognized for their volume of office leasing transactions in Fairfield County.
Industrial Leasing
For Industrial Leasing, Cushman's New Jersey offices have the highest representation as the industrial market in New Jersey continues to remain strong, maintaining its status as the third largest industrial market in the country. From the Iselin office, Andrew Siemsen, Charles Fern, Jason Barton, Jason Goldman, and Marcus Petrella were honored for their tireless efforts in industrial brokerage. In addition to this honor, Charles Fern was also named the firm's Top Industrial Broker in the Americas for 2017.
A broker from the firm's Stamford office, Michael Dillon, was also recognized as a CoStar Power Broker for his industrial leasing activity in the Fairfield County market last year.
Two brokers from the Tri-State Region were acknowledged for their high volume of retail activity in New York and New Jersey, Brandon Singer from our Midtown Manhattan office and David Townes, who is based in the firm's East Rutherford office.
A total of 11 brokers made CoStar's Power Broker list from Cushman & Wakefield's Capital Markets and Investment Sales teams. Capital Market's Chairmen, Douglas Harmon and Adam Spies were acknowledged along with members of their team, Kevin Donner, Adam Doneger and Joshua King. Additionally, Robert Knakal, Chairman of New York Investment Sales was named on the list for his volume of sales in New York City last year.
Our Capital Markets team in Northern New Jersey, led by Andrew J. Merin was also included on CoStar's list. Along with Andrew Merin, Brian Whitmer, David Bernhaut, Gary Gabriel, and Kyle Schmidt were all recognized.
Both the New York and New Jersey capital markets teams were also named in the Top 100 Producers in the Americas for Cushman & Wakefield for their transaction volume in 2017.
Congratulations to all of Cushman & Wakefield's Tri-State brokers who were honored by CoStar this year!
Manhattan Five Fast Facts: One Market Starts 2019 With A Bang
New York City Investment Sales MarketBeats: Year-End 2018
Manhattan Five Fast Facts: New Leasing Reaches Record High
Q&A: James Snook, Commercial Observer's 25 Under 35 Honoree
Real Estate Forum's Women of Influence: Joanne Podell
Broker Awards, Brokers, Commercial Real Estate, Cushman, cushman & wakefield, New York City
← Growth in Chamblee-Tucker is Driving Commercial Real Estate Market
Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal honors Wendy Aaserud →
Tweets by @CushWakeNYC


Having used many different field guides, I would like to give my impressions. I have chosen these books because I own many of them and can vouch for their quality.
The National Audubon books contain mostly color photographs, whereas the Peterson guides are mostly line drawings. I use them in conjunction with each other, especially for the identification of smaller plants. Having a color plate is nice to have visually, but the line drawings show us important details and differences from one plant to another to help us distinguish between closely (and sometimes poisonous) related species.


text:
This website art is adapted from Henri Rousseau's "The Snake Charmer" (1907), found at the Orsay Museum in Paris. It is one example of shifting European attitudes toward wild nature, which began in the early 19th century and was reflected in various artistic media and movements. This image is found in Francoise Bayle's Orsay: visitor's guide. Versailles, France: ARTLYS, 2002, p. 69.
About ReligionandNature.com
ReligionandNature.com is a gateway into an ongoing inquiry into the complex relationships between human beings, their religious beliefs and practices, and their earthly habitats. It features the work and projects of an international and interdisciplinary community of scholars investigating the nexus of religion, nature and culture, including the subfield sometimes called religion and ecology.
R&N.com hosts the International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture, a scholarly society established in 2006. R&N.com also provides a venue for news and information of interest to the media, concerned citizens, and scholars interested in, and concerned about, the way religions and environments influence one another.
The site was initially created by Bron Taylor of the University of Florida to facilitate the development of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, published in 2005. It now includes information about a follow up project, the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture, which Taylor edits. The Journal commenced publication in 2007. The Society elected to affiliate with this journal in 2006.
Bron Taylor is the host of ReligionandNature.com. In addition to his interest in facilitating the development of the religion and nature field, he has written on ethics and environmental sustainability, nature religions, grassroots environmentalism, and the spirituality of surfing (waves, not the internet). Information about publications, initiatives, presentations, and courses can be found at BronTaylor.com, his research site. Taylor was appointed the Samuel S. Hill Ethics professor in 2002 at the University of Florida where he teaches in its Graduate Program in Religion and Nature.
Bron Taylor wishes to express his gratitude to the two people
most responsible for this website:
Ipsita Chatterjea (aka Gimli), a graduate student in Religion at Vanderbilt University with a background in website development, has been the ReligionandNature.com producer/project manager, and thus the driving force behind the current incarnation of the site. Her pro bona work has been above and beyond the call of duty and a real service to this emerging field. With her help the site has gone from 'not bad for amateurs' to one that is easy to navigate through and is easy on the eyes.
Daniel Whittaker (aka The Elvin Archer) is our brilliant web design, development, graphics, animation, and programming expert. Recruited by Ipsita, with whom he used to work during the dot-com boom, he graciously agreed to work for peanuts and the intrinsic creative joy of website design on this project. Daniel owns and operates Neptune Media Design, and has, like Ipsita and Sean, donated untold pro bona hours to make this website possible.
Contributions (which may be tax deductible for U.S. Taxpayers) to hasten further development of ReligionandNature.com can be made via the ISSRNC's payment page.


text:
Hammett Prize
IACW/NA Members
Marvelous Mystery Conferences at Home
Bouchercon 2018
The 2018 Boucheron will be in St. Petersburg, Florida, September 6-9.
Honored Guests include Guests of Honor: Karin Slaughter and Sean Chercover; International Guests of Honor: Sara Blaedel and Mark Billingham; Florida Guest of Honor: Tim Dorsey; Lifetime Achievement: Ian Rankin; Fan Guests of Honor: Judy Bobalik and Ayo Onatade; Ghost of Honor: John D. MacDonald; Toastmaster: Lisa Unger
Noircon
A literary conference held in Philadelphia, November 1-4, dedicated to the celebration of Noir, past, present and future. A highlight of the conference (for us) will be the presentation of the Hammett Prize at lunch on Saturday, November 3. Other awards to be presenting during the conference are the David L. Goodis Award to Walter Mosley; Jay & Deen Kogan Award for Excellence to Max Rudin; the Anne Friedberg Award for Contributions to Noir and its Preservation to Dana Polan.
Geoffrey O'Brien will be the Keynote Speaker and Charles Benoit the Master-of-Ceremonies at the Friday night banquet.
Marvelous Mystery Conferences Abroad
This combination of mystery and carnival takes place every year in Gijon, Spain, usually in mid July. IACW/NA members who have been published in Spain (or in Spanish translation) are always welcome. Our founding father, Paco Ignacio Taibo II, was the founder and served as the organizer for many years.
Mystery Writers Organizations
Crime Writers of Canada
The CWC's mission is to promote Canadian crime writing and to raise the profile of Canadian crime writers from coast to coast. They present the Arthur Ellis awards annually and publish an electronic and printed newsletter, Fingerprints. Members from outside Canada are welcome.
A large organization of authors, professionals in the field, unpublished writers, and fans. MWA presents the Edgar® Awards annually at a posh banquet in New York. Their motto: "Crime Does Not Pay -- Enough."
An international organization with 48 chapters worldwide. Their mission statement: "To combat discrimination against women in the mystery field, educate publishers and the general public as to inequities in the treatment of female authors, raise the level of awareness of their contributions to the field, and promote the professional advancement of women who write mysteries."
Mystery Websites
Detectives Beyond Borders
A Forum for International Crime Fiction. Webmaster Peter Rozovksy says: "It's a forum about some of the best crime writers from outside North America and about issues relating to their work. You'll read about interesting authors, meet people from interesting places, and find links to some cool sites. Drop in, check out the writers, suggest some of your own, and join the discussion."
The Gumshoe Site
This one is really great for giving you all the news you need to know without the chatter. Admirably managed by CyberGumshoe Jiro Kirmura of Japan, who's also a member of IACW/NA.
Some Publishers, at Home and Abroad
Their motto is "reverse-gentrification of the literary world," and they are doing a fine job with both domestic and foreign works in translation. Of particular interest a series of Cuban noir novels. They also have Brooklyn Noir and Brooklyn Noir 2, with more noirs from more cities to come.
Bitter Lemon Press
They say they publish "the best literary crime in the world." This new London based independent publisher aims to bring their readers high quality literary thrillers and other contemporary fiction from abroad. Their list includes talented authors from Europe, North Africa and Latin America who, up to now, have been little known in the English speaking world.


text:
Home » Music Review » International Music Review » International Music Review from the Second Half of October
International Music Review from the Second Half of October
The Struts/ Strange Days, Rock, Interscope
Barely eight years old, the Struts is definitely one of those British bands that are making an impact. Influenced by a lot of 1980s glam rock and 1990s alternative, vocalist Luke Spiller and team piece together a set of 10 rock 'n' roll songs that simply grow on you. And the best thing is that they return to the classic style by producing a 43-minute record.
There are a few interesting collaborations here. Robbie Williams appears on the opening title track, a melodic, hook-filled number with the lines,
"Oh these are strange days, in many strange ways; Science fiction, I believe, has become reality".
Tom Morello, guitarist of Rage Against The Machine, chips in on Wild Child. But the real surprise is the appearance of Def Leppard's vocalist Joe Elliott and guitarist Phil Collen on I Hate How Much I Want You, where the popular 1980s band's sound is recreated.
A cover of the Kiss song Do You Love Me?'is done tastefully. Spiller shows a clear Mick Jagger influence on All Dressed Up (But Nowhere To Go) and the rocking Cool, which has some marvelous guitaring by Adam Slack. This is pure rock n' roll, aimed at both young and old.
Rating: 8/ 10
Kylie Minogue/ Disco, Dance-Pop, BMG
The highest-selling female Australian artiste, Kylie Minogue is out with her 15th studio album Disco. After using a country influence on her previous record Golden, she returns to the classic disco sound here, blending it with doses of contemporary electronic dance music.
The good thing about Kylie is her focus on strong hooks, and she gets straight to business on the first two songs Magic and Miss A Thing. Later on, one often gets that heard-it-before feeling but the songs are ideal for the dance floor or car rides.
Other stand-out cuts are Say Something, released as the first single, and the foot-stomping Where Does The DJ Go? which talks of a disc jockey's life once the party's over. Spotlight is the perfect album closer, with its sing-along chorus.
Despite its high points, the album tends to drag in the second half, and 16 songs sound a bit much. But it's creditable how, at 52, Kylie creates music that brims with youthfulness. This has shades of her albums Fever and Aphrodite, though it doesn't quite get there.
Sam Smith/ Love Goes, Pop, Capitol
In terms of technique and expression, the UK's Sam Smith is one of the most accomplished singers from the past decade. Check him out on For The Lover That I Lost, one of the heartbreak songs from his new album Love Goes.
Backed by a subtle piano, he sings,
"Think about your lips and the way they kiss, There's so much I really miss about you".
The song sums up the album's theme, and Smith's rendition touches a chord. He continues on 'Breaking Hearts', singing,
"While you were busy breaking hearts, I was busy breaking".
Forgive Myself and the beautifully composed title track, featuring Labrinth, fall in the same nostalgic, melancholic space. Dance (Till You Find Someone Else) peps up the tempo.
On Dancing With A Stranger, a duet with Normani, Smith sings,
"I don't want to be alone tonight",
and on Fire On Fire, he talks of hope.
As a bonus track, we have the popular 2018 track Promises with Scottish singer-songwriter Calvin Harris. Overall, this is another feather in Smith's cap, despite the extra weepiness.
Bruce Springsteen/ Letter to You, Rock, Columbia
The Boss doesn't believe in producing average albums, forget about bad ones. After talking of the American countryside in the brilliant Western Stars last year, Bruce Springsteen gets into more personal territory on his new record Letter To You.
The difference is that after six years, he teams up with his favourite E-Street Band, and that gives a special dimension to the sound. Guitarists Steve Van Zandt and Nils Lofgren are in top nick, playing too tight compositions where you also hear church organs and rugged saxophones.
With recent collaborator Ron Anelio on production duties, the 71-year-old starts with the acoustic marvel 'One Minute, You're Here', which talks of the impermanence of things. On the title track, he sings, "In my letter to you, i took all my fears and doubts, In my letter to you, all the hard things I found out".
The songs talk of mortality, loss, spirituality, and the power of rock 'n' roll. Highlights are Burnin Train, Last Man Standing, The Power Of Prayer, and House Of A Thousand Guitars, all of which are sonically at tangents, but retain the artiste's broader style. Interestingly, Letter To You was recorded in barely four days. With the Boss, anything's possible.
Narendra Kusnur
2021.08.16International Music Releases From The First Half Of August 2021- Reviewed
2021.08.04Indie Music Releases From The Second Half Of July 2021- Reviewed
2021.08.03International Music Releases From The Second Half Of July 2021- Reviewed
2021.07.19Indie Music Releases From The First Half Of July 2021- Reviewed
November 12, 2020 // International Music Review, Music Review
BMGBruce SpringsteenCapitolColumbiaDiscoInterscopeKylie MinogueLetter To YouLove GoesLuke SpillerNils LofgrenSam SmithSteve Van ZandtStrange DaysThe Struts
Author: Narendra Kusnur
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text:
Trump moves to cancel deals in Azerbaijan, Georgia
By Associated Press, Bernard Condon and Jeff Horwitz |
PUBLISHED: December 16, 2016 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 12, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
NEW YORK (AP) — The Trump Organization has canceled a licensing deal for a hotel in Azerbaijan and is taking steps to do the same for a project in neighboring Georgia, part of recent efforts by the president-elect to extricate his business from thorny relationships five weeks before he takes office.
Both projects either involved or were associated with people tied to politics, partnerships that could have raised problems once Donald Trump becomes president.
The moves by Trump"s company follow a cancellation earlier this week of a licensing deal for a hotel in Brazil. The Trump Organization also recently shut down four companies registered in Delaware that had no business operations but appeared tied to Saudi Arabia, possibly vehicles for future projects in the country.
Trump lawyer Alan Garten said Friday that developers in the projects in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Brazil failed to meet terms of licensing deals. He described the moves as "normal housekeeping" and not part of a strategy to reduce potential conflicts of interests.
He said the Trump Organization had no moves underway to cancel any other overseas ventures.
Government ethics experts have been urging Trump to sell his vast holdings and hand the cash to someone with no ties to the president-elect to invest in a way unknown to him, following the practice of most recent presidents. They say ridding himself of his ownership stake in his business, not just managerial control, is the only way to assure he won"t put private profit ahead of the public interest in shaping tax, regulatory and foreign policies.
Trump has resisted such a clear break. He has tweeted that he would leave managerial control of his business to his two adult sons and some executives. He said he will hold a news conference next month to discuss details.
Trump has stakes in about 500 companies in more than 20 countries around the globe, though many of the foreign ventures involve him just lending his name to buildings owned by others.
In Azerbaijan, Trump"s partner drew the scrutiny of The Associated Press and other news outlets amid questions about corruption and the country"s status as a waypoint for money laundering. The partner, Anar Mammadov, is the son of Azerbaijan"s transportation minister. The father was described in leaked American diplomatic cables as "notoriously corrupt, even for Azerbaijan."
Though the exterior of the project has been largely constructed, it disappeared from a list of planned Trump Organization projects on the company"s website last year amid construction delays and questions about the strength of Anar Mammadov"s finances.
Trump earned between $2.5 million and $2.8 million in hotel management fees from the unopened hotel, according to the financial disclosures filed by his campaign. Trump licensing deals generally involve the receipt of a significant minority stake in the property, too.
The Georgia project is for a tower in the Black Sea resort town of Batumi. Trump lawyer Garten said the president-elect"s company sent a "default notice" earlier this month to the developer because it had not lived up to terms of the licensing deal.
Garten described the move as typically a first step to canceling a deal.
Just last week, Trump"s development partner told Bloomberg News that the long-stalled project would go ahead, and that "talks are on."
In Brazil, the Trump Organization had a deal with a developer putting up a hotel in Barra da Tijuca, an upscale suburb of Rio de Janeiro. The hotel was supposed to be finished in time for the Rio Olympics in August, but only a portion of it is operational even today.
In October, prosecutors in Brazil said they were investigating millions of dollars in questionable investments in the hotel by two small Brazilian pension funds. The probe is part of a larger investigation into corruption in Brazilian pension funds.
The decision was made because the project was behind schedule, Trump spokeswoman Christine Lin said in a statement. The change took effect on Thursday. She did not answer follow-up questions on whether the investigation prompted the decision.
The Rio hotel is owned by LSH Barra. In a statement Friday, that company said the parting was amicable and was unrelated to the corruption probe.
Spearheading the project was Paulo Figueiredo Filho, grandson of Joao Figueiredo, the last of the dictators who ran Brazil between 1964 and 1985.
In a Facebook post earlier this week, Figueiredo said he was no longer involved in the project. He said he lamented Trump was pulling out, but that his admiration for him hadn"t "changed one millimeter," and expressed hope of doing deals with him again.
Another Trump project in Brazil, Trump Towers Rio, is also being examined as part of pension investigation. Announced in 2012, construction of the office towers has not begun.
AP Writers Peter Prengaman and Mauricio Savarese contributed to this report from Rio de Janeiro. Horwitz reported from Washington D.C.
Bernard Condon
Jeff Horwitz


text:
Q: How do I get the last item from a list using pyspark? Why does column 1st_from_end contain null:
from pyspark.sql.functions import split
df = sqlContext.createDataFrame([('a b c d',)], ['s',])
df.select(   split(df.s, ' ')[0].alias('0th'),
             split(df.s, ' ')[3].alias('3rd'),
             split(df.s, ' ')[-1].alias('1st_from_end')
         ).show()

I thought using [-1] was a pythonic way to get the last item in a list. How come it doesn't work in pyspark?

A: For Spark 2.4+, use pyspark.sql.functions.element_at, see below from the documentation:

element_at(array, index) - Returns element of array at given (1-based) index. If index < 0, accesses elements from the last to the first. Returns NULL if the index exceeds the length of the array.

from pyspark.sql.functions import element_at, split, col

df = spark.createDataFrame([('a b c d',)], ['s',])

df.withColumn('arr', split(df.s, ' ')) \
  .select( col('arr')[0].alias('0th')
         , col('arr')[3].alias('3rd')
         , element_at(col('arr'), -1).alias('1st_from_end')
     ).show()

+---+---+------------+
|0th|3rd|1st_from_end|
+---+---+------------+
|  a|  d|           d|
+---+---+------------+

A: If you're using Spark >= 2.4.0 see jxc's answer below.
In Spark < 2.4.0, dataframes API didn't support -1 indexing on arrays, but you could write your own UDF or use built-in size() function, for example:
>>> from pyspark.sql.functions import size
>>> splitted = df.select(split(df.s, ' ').alias('arr'))
>>> splitted.select(splitted.arr[size(splitted.arr)-1]).show()
+--------------------+
|arr[(size(arr) - 1)]|
+--------------------+
|                   d|
+--------------------+

A: Building on jamiet 's solution, we can simplify even further by removing a reverse
from pyspark.sql.functions import split, reverse

df = sqlContext.createDataFrame([('a b c d',)], ['s',])
df.select(   split(df.s, ' ')[0].alias('0th'),
             split(df.s, ' ')[3].alias('3rd'),
             reverse(split(df.s, ' '))[-1].alias('1st_from_end')
         ).show()

A: You can also use the getItem method, which allows you to get the i-th item of an ArrayType column. Here's how I would do it:
from pyspark.sql.functions import split, col, size

df.withColumn("Splits", split(col("s"), " ")) \
    .withColumn("0th", col("Splits").getItem(0)) \
    .withColumn("3rd", col("Splits").getItem(3)) \
    .withColumn("1st_from_end", col("Splits").getItem(size(col("Splits"))-1)) \
    .drop("Splits")

A: Create your own udf would look like this
    def get_last_element(l):
        return l[-1]
    get_last_element_udf = F.udf(get_last_element)

    df.select(get_last_element(split(df.s, ' ')).alias('1st_from_end')