text:
David Catt
>RR-2447
Building Security in Africa
An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present
by Stephen Watts, Trevor Johnston, Matthew Lane, Sean Mann, Michael J. McNerney, Andrew Brooks
Counterinsurgency,
Counterterrorism,
Peacekeeping and Stability Operations,
Security Cooperation,
Download eBook for Free
Full Document
Technical Appendixes
Purchase Print Copy
Add to Cart Paperback138 pages $24.00 $19.20 20% Web Discount
What impact has U.S.-provided SSA had on political violence in Africa?
The United States has sought to combat security threats in Africa principally by supporting partner governments, and security sector assistance (SSA) has been one of the primary tools it has used. Rigorous evaluations of the overall impact of SSA, however, have been extremely rare. A RAND Corporation study used statistical models to evaluate the impact that U.S.-provided SSA has had on political violence in Africa — in particular, the incidence of civil wars and insurgencies, terrorist attacks, and state repression. The authors found that SSA has had a mixed record. During the Cold War, SSA likely exacerbated instability, leading to a higher incidence of civil wars. During the post–Cold War era, it seems to have had little net effect, likely reflecting recipient-government failures to sustain the capabilities developed through SSA and to harness these capability gains to effective political–military strategies. When SSA has been implemented in conjunction with peacekeeping operations, however, it has had a consistently positive impact across a range of outcomes, including the likelihood of civil war recurrence, the incidence of terrorist attacks, and the extent of state repression. These findings have important implications for future U.S. policies in Africa and potentially beyond.
The United States deemphasized governance issues during Cold War competition
During the Cold War, the United States' primary goal was to maintain partnerships with governments in Africa and to prevent regimes from slipping into the Soviet orbit. Enhancing governance or human rights — or even maintaining peace and stability — was not the overriding goal of U.S. assistance in this period. SSA in this period went disproportionately to poorly governed states.
Security sector assistance in the Cold War appears to have increased the incidence of civil wars
U.S. assistance appears likely to have increased the incidence of civil wars in this period, likely by either exacerbating domestic instabilities or provoking proxy conflicts.
Most security sector assistance in most countries in the post–Cold War era appears to have had little net impact
Whatever "success stories" might exist are relatively modest in their impact on political violence, obscured by much larger amounts of inefficient spending or offset by counterproductive outcomes in other cases.
Security sector assistance has had significant, positive impact in peacekeeping contexts
Even when they controlled for the direct effects of "blue helmets," the authors found that SSA executed in the presence of UN peacekeepers has statistically significant, favorable effects on a range of outcomes. It decreases the likelihood of renewed conflict, terrorist attacks, and government repression.
Balance goals of achieving access and influence with governance concerns.
Adopt a comprehensive approach with persistent presence and oversight.
Conduct risk assessments.
Commit to rigorous monitoring and evaluation.
Improve the quality of SSA data.
Conduct in-depth evaluations of high-impact, high-risk programs.
Reforming Security Sector Assistance for Africa
Stephen Watts, Kimberly Jackson @k_m_jackson, et al.
A Developmental Approach to Building Sustainable Security-Sector Capacity in Africa
U.S. SSA in Africa
The Debate over the Effectiveness of SSA in Africa
Research Approach for Evaluating the Impact That SSA Has in Africa
Findings on the Impact That SSA Has in Africa
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
Research conducted by
This research was sponsored by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for African Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community.
This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity.
Print Format: Paperback
Paperback Pages: 138
Paperback Price: $19.20
Paperback ISBN/EAN: 9781977400499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/RR2447
Document Number: RR-2447-OSD
Series: Research Reports
Counterinsurgency
Peacekeeping and Stability Operations
Security Cooperation
Watts, Stephen, Trevor Johnston, Matthew Lane, Sean Mann, Michael J. McNerney, and Andrew Brooks, Building Security in Africa: An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2018. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2447.html. Also available in print form.
Watts, Stephen, Trevor Johnston, Matthew Lane, Sean Mann, Michael J. McNerney, and Andrew Brooks, Building Security in Africa: An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, RR-2447-OSD, 2018. As of January 20, 2020: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2447.html


text:
Q: In R Convert to Date of several columns? Can you give me a hand with the code below?
I did try to find an answer to this but migth have missed, if there is one already sorry for your time.
I have a DataFrame like the exemple below. What I need to do is to convert all dt_ variables to date.
I got it with mutate()/lapply one by one but I was looking for an automatic method. I am working in R.
co_cid Tipo  dt_notificacao co_uf_notificac~ co_uf_completo no_municipio_no~ dt_diagnostico_~
  <fct>  <fct> <fct>          <fct>            <fct>          <fct>            <fct>
1 A90    Deng~ 01/10/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           23/01/2015
2 A90    Deng~ 02/11/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           09/01/2015
3 A90    Deng~ 01/11/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           12/12/2015
4 A90    Deng~ 02/04/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           12/08/2015
5 A90    Deng~ 01/08/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           12/01/2015
6 A90    Deng~ 01/11/2016     PE               PERNAMBUCO     Recife           12/04/2015

I got all the dt_, that should be dates  with:
dt_vec <- nomes_colunas[(sapply(nomes_colunas, startsWith,prefix = "dt_"))]

Then I wanted to use it to convert all dt_ columns to Date and replace it in the original df.
I tryed a for loop with mutate but the column name stays with the variable name. So I end up with only one 'coluna' variable with the Dates.
for (coluna in dt_vec) {
  df_dados <- df_dados %>% mutate(coluna, coluna = as.Date(coluna, format = "%d/%m/%Y"))
}

As for apply I found it hard to replace the values in the original df.
Thanks in advance!

A: If we want to convert several columns, use mutate with across
library(lubridate)
library(dplyr)#1.0.0
df_dados <- df_dados %>%
                mutate(across(starts_with('dt_', dmy)))

In the earlier versions of dplyr, mutate_at can be used
df_dados <- df_dados %>%
              mutate_at(vars(starts_with('dt_')), dmy)

A: You can find out the columns to transform using startsWith and use lapply to convert them to dates using as.Date. We can do this using base R.
cols <- startsWith(names(df), 'dt')
df[cols] <- lapply(df[cols], as.Date, "%d/%m/%Y")
df

#  co_cid  Tipo dt_notificacao co_uf_notificac co_uf_completo no_municipio_no dt_diagnostico_
#1    A90 Deng~     2016-10-01              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-01-23
#2    A90 Deng~     2016-11-02              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-01-09
#3    A90 Deng~     2016-11-01              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-12-12
#4    A90 Deng~     2016-04-02              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-08-12
#5    A90 Deng~     2016-08-01              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-01-12
#6    A90 Deng~     2016-11-01              PE     PERNAMBUCO          Recife      2015-04-12

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
World Register of Marine Species

#### Published in
Howe AT, Bass D, Vickerman K, Chao EE, Cavalier-Smith T. (2009) Phylogeny, taxonomy, and astounding genetic diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov. , the dominant gliding zooflagellates in soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa). Protist 160:159–189

#### Original name
null

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The next generation of Knitwear, the Nike Tech Knit is constructed from a unique knit - each item is one of a kind. Nike designers collaborated with yarn specialists, computer programmers and knitting machine technicians to develop the next generation of technical knitwear, inspired by sports performance. The Tech Knit Joggers in grey features subtle Nike branding on the pocket.


Assemble all ingredients, chopping the tomato, onion, scallions, cooked potatoes; shred the cheese.
Pour a Tablespoon or two of olive oil into skillet over high heat; add chopped tomato, onion and scallions and cook for about two minutes until pleasantly browned. Remove vegetables to a small plate. Turn OFF the heat.
Add 1 Tablespoon olive oil and 1 Tablespoon butter to the warm skillet and let it melt, spreading it around the bottom of the pan.
Spread chopped potatoes evenly on bottom of skillet.
Spread about a third of the corn tortilla strips over the potatoes.
Spread Carne Adovada over tortilla layer, then layer with another third of the tortilla strips.
In medium-sized mixing bowl, mix eggs with whipping cream, whisking until thoroughly blended and a little frothy. Add chopped green chile and the salt to the eggs; pour egg mixture over layered veggies/meat in skillet.
Sprinkle cheese evenly over top of frittata, and then add the final third of the corn tortilla strips on top for garnish.
Bake at 350° F. for 30 minutes; let sit for 5 minutes before cutting into wedges for serving.
Variations: This is similar to stone soup – use the ingredients that you have available to you or left over from last night's dinner.
If you can't buy (or make) Carne Adovada, use leftover cooked chicken, pork, lamb, steak, sausage or bacon. If you're cooking sausage or bacon for the frittata, use the fat from that instead of olive oil and butter.
Use whatever cheese you prefer.
Add other cooked veggies that you have on hand.
Add a layer of refried beans if you want a little extra protein.
Increase the amount of green chile for extra heat, or add a chopped jalapeno pepper.


All the riders apparently adjusted to the altitude for the second day of the Pro Wakeboard Tour today in Colorado. Some of the boys were struggling yesterday catching their breath, but they hit their stride with the riding that went down today. There were a couple upsets during the Quarter Finals, with Rusty Malinoski not making it past the Quarters, and Tony Carroll slaying it and taking out Phil Aslinger and Austin Hair to get into the Semis.
Out of the 10 Junior Pro Men riders in the Semi Finals, only 4 would advance to Finals. There was killer riding in the Semis for the Juniors, but when the scores came out it was Raphael Derome, Daniel Powers, Nick Galotifiore, and Kyle Evans in the Finals. During the finals Raph Derome rode incredible doing a toeside 900 and a backside 720, but it was Daniel Powers with his first win of the year landing a toeside 720, a backside 540, and a heelside 720 off the double up.
The second heat of the Semis in the Pro Men division might as well have been a final, with Danny Harf, Jim LaRiche, Harley Clifford, Phil Soven, and Bob Soven riding unreal trying to get into the finals. All 5 brought their A Game, but only 3 moved on to the finals. It was Harley Clifford, Phil Soven, and Bob Soven making it through possibly the hardest heat to ever go down in professional wakeboarding. They met up with Olivier Derome, Dean Smith, and Andrew Adkison in the finals.
The Pro Men final round was a complete shootout. All 6 riders rode super good and it was a great showcase for the fans, but it definitely made the judges earn their paychecks. After the smoke cleared and the live music came to an end the judges made their decision, and it was Bob Soven with his first win in a Pro Contest ever. Bob slayed it landing switch and regular crow 540's, a toeside 900 and a heelside 720. Everything came together for the younger Soven and it came out on the top of the Podium.
Rusty Malinoski hit another switch toeside 1080 in the double up contest for the win, and during the kicker contest Bob Soven landed a massive indy backside 180 to take the top spot.
MasterCraft team rider Andrew Adkison backlips the trasfer box during the finals. Andrew had the best run of the season getting 2nd on the podium.
Adam Errington blasts this indy glide during the Rockstar Big Air kicker contest. He went on to get 3rd place in the kicker contest.
Danny Harf rotates this nose grab pete rose during the semis. Danny was apart of the self proclaimed hardest heat wakeboarding has ever seen.
Daniel Powers does a batwing during his run. Daniel went on to win his first Pro Tour stop ever in the Junior Pro Mens division.
Dean Smith grabs cuss out of this Indy tantrum backside 360. Dean killed it all weekend making it into his first finals on the PWT this year.
Phil Soven lays this tail glide out into the flats during the finals.


text:
package org.frameworkset.spi.transaction;

public class A2 implements AI{

	public void testTXInvoke(String msg) {
		System.out.println("A2:" + msg);

	}

	public void testTXInvoke() {
		System.out.println("A2:no param");

	}
	public void testNoTXInvoke()
	{
		System.out.println("A2:NoTXInvoke");
	}

	public String testTXInvokeWithReturn() {
		System.out.println("call A2.testTXInvokeWithReturn()");
		return "return is A2";
	}

	public String testTXInvokeWithException() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("call A2.testTXInvokeWithException()");
		return "A2 successed";
	}

	public void testSameName() {
		System.out.println("call A2.testSameName()");

	}

	public void testSameName(String msg) {
		System.out.println("call A2.testSameName(String msg):" + msg);

	}

	public void testSameName1() {
		System.out.println("call A2.testSameName1()");

	}

	public void testSameName1(String msg) {
		System.out.println("call A2.testSameName1(String msg):" + msg);

	}

	public void testTXWithSpecialExceptions(String type) throws Exception
	{

	}

	public void testTXWithImplementsofExceptions(String type) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	public void testTXWithInstanceofExceptions(String type) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	public void testPatternTX1(String type) throws Exception {

	}

	public void testPatternTX2(String type) throws Exception {

	}

	public void testPatternTX3(String type) throws Exception {

	}

	public void testPatternTX4(String type) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	public void testSystemException() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}


text:
New, more stringent food safety practices adopted to prevent outbreaks
Written by April Ward
The California Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement Board met April 19 and voted to strengthen mandatory food safety practices required on farms.
This means that every box of leafy greens placed into commerce by a certified LGMA member will soon be produced under new, more stringent requirements that are designed to reduce risk when it comes to water used in growing leafy greens. The updates include specific directives such as no longer allowing the use of untreated surface water for overhead irrigation of leafy greens prior to harvest.
New standards for water
The LGMA program has always required growers to test their water because it can be a carrier of pathogens. But the new requirements now include additional safeguards that ensure farmers: categorize the source of the water; consider how and when water is applied to the crop; conduct testing to assure the water is safe for the intended use; sanitize water if necessary; and verify that all of the above precautions have been taken
The new standards approved by the LGMA Board are in direct response to investigations conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration into last year's e. Coli outbreak involving romaine lettuce. Clues pointed to irrigation water from sources such as canals and reservoirs as a possible cause of the both the November outbreak and the one associated with romaine from Yuma last spring.
Government and the produce industry in general looked to the LGMA as the way to improve the safety of leafy greens. The leafy greens industry group, facilitated by Western Growers, has been working with industry members, growers and members of the academic community to fashion new and more stringent requirements for agricultural water use.And, in fact, the actions taken by the LGMA Board have effectively changed the way 99 percent of the leafy greens in California are farmed.
The LGMA will begin immediately to make sure everyone in the leafy greens community understands how to comply with the new requirements. The updated LGMA Food Safety Practices document is available on our website here. Additional information on specific changes to the LGMA food safety practices will be provided in the coming weeks and dates for workshops and webinars for both leafy greens industry members and the buying trade will be scheduled soon.
The LGMA and its members have an obligation to produce safe leafy greens. We are very aware of the tragic impacts a foodborne illness can have on consumers, our customers and our entire industry. We are all passionately committed to producing the safest leafy greens possible. The LGMA will continue to make changes to as needed to strengthen the food safety requirements for leafy greens.
Download the Infographic on New Agricultural Water Standards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
trinity lake water level
PROVISIONAL DATA SUBJECT TO REVISION. The TRRP website follows the intent of the DOI disclaimer. 75° 42° 68° June. Graphs of values over time are zoomable! Click to hide station-specific text Available Parameters Period of Record; All 1 Available Parameters for this site : 00054 Reservoir storage(Obs.) or. Privacy 59° 35° 54° April. See more of North Trinity Lake, California on Facebook. Trinity Lake Report. Level is 2,281.07 feet. Available data for this site . Water is in several homes in the Deep River Plantation and Green Rich Shores subdivisions. Daily status and historical comparisons of Lake Level. The unpredictability of the weather makes these pre-releases too risky. Older versions of web browsers may have compatibility issues. above full pool of 0.00. WATER LEVEL. About See All. Thursday, January 21, 2021. 66° 37° 54° May. Warning: Javascript must be enabled to use all the features on this page! U.S. Geological Survey (2) Any water released when a lake is not above its conservation level counts against TRWD's permitted water supply amount; taking away from water that is no longer able to be used by Tarrant County citizens. Trinity Lake 51%| 73% Lake Shasta 46%| 70% Lake Oroville 34%| 54% Folsom Lake 28%| 55% New Melones Lake 64%| 110% Don Pedro Reservoir 67%| 99% Lake McClure 36%| 77% San Luis Reservoir 50%| 66% Millerton Lake 33%| 54% Lake Perris 92% | 115% Castaic Lake 78% | 95% Pine Flat Reservoir 22% | 49%. FOIA Central Valley Operations (CVO) now provides a weekly report for the Trinity Journal on their website. Ramp construction is underway. Flows are minimal at this time. 1/17/21 - The latest rain as brought the lake up a tad to 2,281', down 89' from the spillway, still 51% full, but at 74% of average. The percent of average for the date has slipped due to the extended dry period, even with the latest rain events. Corresponding acre-feet to ramp bottom elevation: 2,378' (Highest elevation on record, 1/19/74) 2,588,335 af; 2,370' (Full lake) 2,447,700 af; 2,338' (Stuart Fork ramp) 1,957,780 af Then, 50 years ago, the Trinity River experienced a rebirth. Trinity Lake, previously called Clair Engle Lake, is an artificial lake on the Trinity River formed by the Trinity Dam and located in Trinity County, California, United States.The dam was built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.The lake's capacity is 2,447,650 acre⋅ft (3,019.13 GL), making it one of the largest reservoirs in California. ABOUT NORTH TRINITY LAKE, CALIFORNIA. Create New Account. Trinity River Adaptive Management Working Group (TAMWG), Current Site: Dutch Creek (2020 Construction), Channel Rehabilitation Site: Chapman Ranch Phase B (Proposed 2021 Site). (3) Frequently, the expected rainfall does not actually fall or does not reach TRWD reservoirs. Lake levels can affect the best fishing locations and tactics, but it also has an impact on lake access, especially for boaters. Using Bureau's forecast for the lake level over the summer, Trinity Center ramp should remain in the water and usable all season. 5,007 people follow this. Policies and Notices, U.S. Department of the Interior | 4,851 people like this. The lake is not managed by the State of California. How Trinity Lake is Managed. Trinity Lake Water Level History » California Lakes » Trinity Lake Login | Home Forgot account? Starting with new low-level dams to regulate water flow, efforts to welcome the river back into resident's daily lives included building more than 40 miles of trails, planting more than 8,000 trees and developing acres of new parks. 1960-11-23 : 2019-09-30: Output format Graph Graph w/ stats Graph w/ (up to 3) parms Table Tab-separated. I took a trip to trinity lake to see what was left of the lake this year. 84° 48° 75° July. For information on current trai The Trinity Lake region is where ... See More. … Trinity Lake, an artificial lake on the Trinity River formed by the Trinity Dam, is one of the largest reservoirs in California. Trinity Dam is an earthfill dam on the Trinity River located about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Weaverville, California in the United States.The dam was completed in the early 1960s as part of the federal Central Valley Project to provide irrigation water to the arid San Joaquin Valley.. Water levels at Trinity lake are prone to much fluctuation, with low-water conditions especially common by late summer and early fall but possible in other seasons during prolonged drought conditions. Trinity Lake is encompassed by miles of tree-lined shores to explore and countless secluded coves, perfect for claiming as your own houseboat rental base camp. Please note: The graphics and data on this page may take some time to load. 4:00:00 AM. Trinity Lake; Temperatures for Trinity Lake; Temperatures. 38: Moderate flooding will begin along the river both above and below the Commerce Street bridge. Even though the dam blocks fish passage to the river, Trinity Lake is still home to a self-sustaining population of land-locked salmon. 2,281.07. Our Story. The California Department of Water Resources determined that last water year was a "normal" year, not a "wet" year. It seems like there wouldn't normally be many people there anyway since Trinity Lake is way out of the way (an hour and a half from I-5). URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv? Zoom Level:16 Gauge Location ... Major lowland flooding begins with widespread flooding in Trinity and Walker Counties. Click on a point on the graph and drag right to select the zoom area. Trinity Lake, an artificial lake on the Trinity River formed by the Trinity Dam, is one of the largest reservoirs in California. 2420 2000 1000 2030 1000 1025 1000 1000 4552 4000 3000 2000 1000 1000 2448 2000 1000 . Although Trinity Lake and the Trinity River watershed include separate water bodies, with the exception of rainbow trout at two sites, mercury levels in fish species from the various water bodies were sufficiently similar to justify combining data from the different sites so that any advice could be unified in order to facilitate communication with the public. Lake water levels at California Boat Harbors, Marinas and Yacht Clubs. Title: USGS Surface-Water Daily Data for the Nation MONTH: AVG HIGH TEMP: AVG LOW TEMP: AVG WATER TEMP: Jan. 47° 31° 46° Feb. 53° 33° 46° March. As a result the river is sampled weekly for soil and water testing. People kayak and tube in a river they used to shun. Days (365) -- or -- Begin … Lake Livingston, an in-channel reservoir situated on the lower Trinity River, provides municipal water supply to Houston. 2,467 check-ins. Name Description Category Interval Format Start Date Report; DLYSWEQ: Daily Snow Water Equivalent report for North, Central and South Sierra regions. Since the Trinity River has very different water-quality characteristics than the current tributaries flowing into Lake Houston, it is likely that this new water delivered through LBIT will change chemical properties in Lake Houston, particularly specific conductance. Trinity Lake Water Reference Library. 2010 Water Year Was "Normal"!! (The "water year" ends September 30.) Anyway, we love the quiet and solitude, but I know it's not necessarily a good thing for our parks that not many people are camping in them! Water reaches the foundation of the Oxichem plant 6 miles south of Commerce St. 40: Major flooding will occur in Dallas along the river between the levee banks. Trinity River Basin Reservoirs: Monitored Water Supply Reservoirs are 98.5% full on 2021-01 … is managed by the U.S. Forest Service as a National Recreation Area. Page Last Modified: 2021-01-26 10:12:55 EST Back then the EPA created departments which would ensure that the Trinity would be fishable and swimmable before 2010. See current water gauge levels for the Trinity River. "The Trinity has a bad rap because in the 90s there was a ban due to the diazinon used in the area in the 70s/80s which contaminated the soil for 30 years. National Water Information System: Web Interface, Accessibility The lake is slipping down about 2 feet per month. Here is a few clips from a riding trip I just took to Trinity Lake. Community See All. Not Now. Discover the Trinity Alps and Trinity Lake in Northern California. Averages By Month. Trinity Lake water is managed by the Bureau of Reclamaintion while the lake usage (i.e., recreation, fishing, etc.) Our site was in Loop B, and thus a very short walk right to the lake where we did a fair bit of swimming. His new water well sits about 10 feet above the bottom of the Trinity Aquifer — 100 feet deeper than the original well. Trinity Lake Water Level. 0.58 0.55 vaww02. Colman said the groundwater level on his property dropped 42 feet in … Roads into several subdivisions in Walker and Trinity Counties and secondary roads along the river are inundated. But, in past years, the Trinity River has gotten extra water for the Ceremony Boat Dance in August and Late-summer Augmentation Releases. Welcome to Trinity Lake, one of Northern California's pristine boating destinations located within the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. SNOW Log In. The Trinity River, a hidden ribbon of natural wonder, runs almost unnoticed through one of the busiest and fastest-growing metropolitan areas in … Page Contact Information: California Water Data Support Team Current Restoration Flow Release Schedule. Click here for current conditions at Trinity Lake (inflow, outflow, reservoir storage, and lake level). Introducing The Next Generation of USGS Water Data for the Nation, Summary of all available data for this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement. See the new 2011 Water Year page. They actually surpassed that by 2001. USGS 11525400 TRINITY LAKE NR LEWISTON CA. Lake Levels. Follow @USGS_TexasFlood and @USGS_TexasRain on Twitter to get current water level and precipitation data during flooding or severe rainfall events. Feet MSL. The dam was built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in 1960 to capture and store water for the Central Valley Project, which provides the Central Valley with water for irrigation and produces hydroelectric power.
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trinity lake water level 2021


SEO for Surgeons is becoming more and more important. Since a vast majority of the market looks for services through search engines, showing up when your potential clients need you most is crucial.
Marketing in itself is an important step to a profitable Surgeon practice. Having such high value clients, one extra client per week can lead to substantial growth to your business.
One of the most targeted marketing methods is Search Engine Optimization, SEO. The reason SEO is so much more effective than many other marketing methods is that SEO is a strategic way of putting yourself in front of your ideal client when they need you most.
Taking one step back, SEO is the process of ranking a website higher on google for targeted keywords.
As a general rule of thumb, one of the most important keywords your website can rank for on google is "Your City + Surgeons", but there are literally thousands more.
Well for one, you are getting in front of a potential client when they are searching for your service.
Also, by showing up higher on search engines for targeted keywords you increase the likelihood of your potential client calling your business instead of your competitors.
The website that shows up on the first page of Google gets 16% of all clicks. The website on the last position of the first page gets less than 5% of clicks.
After that client is on your website, they get to know your business and if your website has strong sales copywriting and impressive design the chances of them calling you are relatively high.
Aside from the increase in sales, SEO also increases brand recognition and trust. If you show up above your competitors your potential clients begin to believe you provide better service, which I'm sure you do.
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Get a SEO audit and competitor analysis to see how you compare to your competitors.


Question is why is certain evidence excluded?
Each side presents evidence favorable to his/her client and each demands the choice to challenge. Each side must be given a fair chance to do so.
Can evidence be challenged? Excludes evidence at risk of misuse. Risk of misuse of evidence?
Repetition of a 3rd partys declarence.
Is it probative? (Does it prove or disprove the factual proposition of fact)?
Is the evidence related to a contested element of a claim or a defense?
1. Leaves tryer of fact to decide whether to believe the witness.
2. Whether evidence increases the probability of the proposition that the accused was the assailant.
A statement made under a sense of excitement made contemporaneously or shortly after an event (gut reaction) Must pertain to event.
B. Excited Utterance: A statement made under a sense of excitement made contemporaneously or shortly after an event (gut reaction) Must pertain to event.
1. An occurrence sufficiently startling to produce a spontaneous and unreflecting statement.
3. The statement must relate to the circumstances of the event.
When can an exception be made?
Prohibitive value outweighed by danger of prejudice.
· Free to introduce character evidence on himself this opens the door for the other party to rebut his own character evidence.
3. Motive: Infers defendant had a reason to commit crime and act.
6. Identity: Prior act identifies defendant.
7. Mistake: Prior act makes it evident defendants action(s) was no mistake or accident.
Prior crimes need not result in a conviction even acquittals are admissible subject to prejudicial consideration.
It it probative? Does it prove or disprove a proposition of fact?
Is it Material? Is it consequential? Does it relate to a contested element of a claim or a defense? Does itove a factual proposition? It is material to a charge?
Circumstantial Evidence: requires an inferance.
e.g., an assailant leaving the scene with a firearm a (direct evidence) where a persons body is discovered.
Direct evidence testimony that an assailant was seen making the attack. Leaves no question for the jury about circumstances. And whether the evidence increases the probability of the proposition that the accused was an assailant.
Hearsay: repetition of a third party declaration out of court statement.
Offered for the truth in the matter declared.
Tips to identify hearsay: - purpose of the hearsay rule is to protect the right of cross examination. essential to the idea of procedural fairness.
1. look for the real witness who do I want to cross examine to test what has been said.
The same statement may be hearsay depending how it is heard in court.
Need to cross-examine the person who said those words.
Hearsay evidence is unreliable because it cannot be challenged.
Exceptions are made because certain hearsay statements are presumed to be more reliable than others.
Most reliable statements for determining that persons own health.
Writings or a statement or other item for the purpose of inducing a recollection from a witness this is a trigger to produce a recollection. The witness can be challenged. Document serves to induce a recollection.
Reports, memos, accounting documents are admissible.
Must present a custodian of those records.
Evidence need not directly support the claim. Need only assist the tryer of fact in making a determination.
Is it relevant on the basis of substantive law.
Relevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by dangers of prejudice, confusion, misleading of the jury, delay or cumulativeness e.;g. repetition.
Judge must show why this statement may be needed in the record. Why this evidence is crucial to the determination of guilt or innocence.
Is the probative value outweighed by the potential prejudice.
Not admissible to show propensity. Must show the preponderance of proof as compared to being guilty beyond any reasonable doubt.
Excluded from a criminal suit but admitted in a civil suit. Importance of punishment in different courts differences in the burden of proof and the expansion of evidence in the rules of admissibility are different.
Accused may introduce a character evidence about himself. This opens the door for other party to rebut the accused statements.
Wrongs, arrests, convictions are admissible for non-character purposes plan, knowledge, identity, preparation.
1. identify which material fact the prior acts helped to prove.
2. must prove that the prior act actually occurred.
3. must have a precise theory by which the material act may be inferred from the evidence.
2. intent is this an element of the crime and a prior commission of a crime will alter the probability that intent was present.
3. motive if prior acts allow for an inference that D had a reason to commit a crime.
Prior crimes need not result in a conviction acquittals are admissible subject to prejudicial considerations.
4. Notice similarity between the crime and the acts.
Oath show testimony contrary to witnesses statements that was taken under oath. This will cast a cloud of doubt on the credibility of the wietness.
Perception where we challenge the witnesss perception of the event.
Recollection their ability to recall the events as happened.
Qualification of the expert must lay a foundation before the court. Ask witness questions about his education, training and skill level. Make a distinction between the lay and expert witness.
Testimony cannot be cumulative or repetitive.
Necessity testimony must be necessary.
Objections noted in record but question almost always answered.
Attorney coaches client to elicit specific types of answers, not speculation.
· You have the right to refuse to answer this question.
· No rambling or long winded answers.
Read entire Deposition transcript making note of the important passages.
Most courts will limit the number of interogs.
Develop objectives for the interogs. Identify the key issues and strategies. Identify what we have and information that needs to be clarified.
Use preliminary sections to define and discuss. Prepare introductory paragraph to stating the name of the person to whom the question is directed, the date the answers are due, any applicable rule that needs to be stated. Define any terms or acronym.
Phrase our questions simply, precisely accurately. Break complex questions into shorter, simpler components.
Avoid questions that require a yes or no answer unless you have follow-up questions. Elicit a narrative.
Make effective use of opinion and contention questions. Where does the party stand on key questions.
Use an evasiveness test. (Review questions with another person to see if they can be avoided).
Requests are the most effective method of fact gathering.
· Be specific (all relevant request all correspondence by and between plaintiff and any employer or representative of ABC, Inc. relating to the issue herein).
· Allegations confirmed or denied with legal reason.
· Answer may be required to be amended.
Any admission is for the purpose of and may not be used against party in another proceeding.
Response to admissions must be formal and in writing must list the number of admissions and denials respectively. Party denying the affirmation of the statement and must be in writing in detail as to the denial.
In that explanation of denial, we get a better picture of their contention.
Note: if response is not prepared and delivered in a timely manner, this can lead to a default judgment; this constitutes an affirmative admission.
Each matter within that request for admissions must be relevant, must pertain to the pending action, cant put anything to embarrass or annoy the individual.
Each matter must be separately set forth. We can overwhelm the party by putting numerous requests cannot be reasonably met. Remember, the limit has been 25.
If an objections is raised, and we do not like a particular, the proper response is not to answer it, but rather you must raise an objection. That other party may move to court to decide on the objection and compel an answer. Example: too confusing; irrelevant question.
If an answer given is deemed to be insufficient or evasive by the courts, two things can happen: the answer can be admitted or the answer may be required to be amended.
Any matter admitted is conclusively established. Admission is for the purpose of the pending action only and may not be used for any other proceeding.
Drafting the admission is almost identical in form to the request for production of documents which will contain the introduction, definition and instruction paragraph or paragraphs and instead of listing the docs to be produced, you will list the statements that need to be admitted or denied.
Limited to a party; submitted to the opposing who has 30 days within which to admit or deny each statement.
Making an attempt to weed out the facts that are disputes and the facts that are agreed to.
We have insufficient knowledge of that info at this time, etc.
Requires a court order; this is part of a Motions practice.
Determine if intent was an element of that crime. Must show that a prior bad act occurred and a material fact which illustrates the relevance of the fact in relation to the case. Probative value must outweigh the Prejudicial value of the prior bad act.
Convictions based on fraud or conversions or false statements and can be admitted and used to impeach.
Prior bad acts are almost excluded because the probative element is very low.
One must show more than the person has a propensity to in your use of prior bad acts.
These are exceptions to the rule of rejecting prior bad acts for admission.


i think that the theme of this year's met gala could have easily had something to do with being pretty close to naked. this is slightly a joke, but a lot of dresses came close. some people really followed through with the theme (i'm looking at you sjp), but others played it safe. while minka kelly's look two years ago will always be my favorite, these are some of the good ones from this year.


text:
in: Crime, Fictional law enforcement, General information
Fugitives are people who have previously been or are currently on the run from the police, the federal government or both.
[Feb 2005; hunted by the F.B.I.]
[Nov 2006; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[Jul 30-Aug 7, 2018; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[Jun 27-Jul 11, 2019; hunted by the P.C.P.D. and the B.C.P.D.]
[May 3-28, 2021; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
Manny Ruiz
[Oct-Dec 2005; hunted by the P.C.P.D. and the Hawaiian authorities]
Damian Spinelli
[Mar 4-24, 2009; hunted by the F.B.I.]
Todd Manning
[revealed Mar 5-13, 2012; hunted by the Llanview Police Department after jumping bail]
[Feb 2013; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[May 3-7, 2012; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
Rafe Kovich, Jr.
[Feb 21-Mar 4, 2013; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[Jul 2-3, 2014; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[Feb 5-8, 2013; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
John McBain
Britt Westbourne
[Dec 8, 2014-Dec 11, 2017; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
Julian Jerome
[Jan 29-Feb 4, 2015; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[Mar 13-Apr 20, 2017; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
[2016; hunted by Interpol]
Drew Cain (as Jason Morgan)
[Jun 2-Aug 2, 2016; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
Valentin Cassadine
[Jun 2-6, 2017; hunted by the W.S.B.]
Peter August
[May 31-Jul 23, 2018; hunted by the W.S.B. and the P.C.P.D.]
[revealed Jun 2-Nov 22, 2021; hunted by the P.C.P.D., the authorities across the state of New York and the W.S.B.]
Ryan Chamberlain
[Mar 4-8, 2019; hunted by the P.C.P.D. and the Canadian authorities]
[May 21-24, 2019; hunted by the P.C.P.D., deemed "armed and dangerous" and had a "shoot-to-kill" order out on him]
Hank Archer
[revealed Aug 7-9, 2019; hunted by the P.C.P.D. and the authorities across the state of New York]
[Sep 20-26, 2019; hunted by the P.C.P.D., various S.W.A.T. teams and the F.B.I.]
Arthur Cabot
Nelle Benson
[Aug 24-27, 2020; hunted by the P.C.P.D. and the F.B.I.]
Tracy Quartermaine
[Jan 29, 2021-Jan 6, 2022; had a warrant issued for her arrest by the P.C.P.D.]
Cyrus Renault
[May 28-Jun 4, 2021; hunted by the P.C.P.D.]
Marie Hopkins
[revealed Jun 11-21, 2021; had an A.P.B. put out on her by the P.C.P.D. until her body was found on Jun 21, 2021]
3 Brook Lynn Quartermaine (Amanda Setton)


by Marion Badenoch Rose, Ph.D.
More than a quarter of a century ago, Aletha Solter, Ph.D., developed a form of attachment parenting known as Aware Parenting, yet many parents and professionals remain unaware of the significant contributions she has to offer. Aware Parenting encompasses practices which establish secure attachment, such as: natural birth; breast-feeding on demand; co-sleeping; and carrying baby in a sling.
Where Aware Parenting differs from many other attachment parenting styles is in its understanding of crying as a way to release tension and trauma. Using this approach I have come to understand that attachment is not just about holding a baby close and being sensitive to his needs, but also about accepting and empathising with all of his feelings.
Aletha Solter's pioneering work has taught a generation of parents how they can support their babies and children to heal from the effects of frustrating and frightening experiences through crying, raging, laughing, and symbolic play. Her work is highly recommended by important figures such as Dr. Thomas Gordon (author of Parent Effectiveness Training), and Jeannine Parvati Baker (midwife and author of Prenatal Yoga and Natural Birth).
Since the ground-breaking studies in attachment by Dr. John Bowlby in the 1950's, there has been increasing recognition that babies need frequent physical closeness, prompt responsiveness, and continuity of carers. A crucial aspect of secure attachment is acceptance of all of the feelings of babies and children, (rather than distraction from them). Insecure attachment, characterised by aggression to parents, continual clinging or whining, and avoidance of closeness, disappears when parents learn to welcome crying. A parent's nurturing responsiveness to her child's full range of emotions leads to an engaging and joyful intimacy between them.
I came across Aware Parenting when I was pregnant with my now three year old daughter. I had spent the previous 14 years studying the mother-infant relationship, in part inspired by my own experience of being in an incubator for the first five weeks of my life. Aware Parenting fitted all that I had previously learnt. What I found most inspiring was the knowledge that I could give my daughter every opportunity to heal from hurts as they occurred, rather than her waiting 20 or 30 years to do so! I am so grateful for the way in which Aware Parenting has helped create intimacy, clarity and ease in my relationship with my daughter. Her behaviour indicates to me that she has benefited from it immensely.
Aware Parenting recognises two types of crying in babies. The first signals an immediate need, such as for closeness, food, stimulation, or relief from discomfort. The second type of crying serves to heal the baby - from birth trauma and prenatal stress, as well as the daily stresses of babyhood, such as overstimulation, frightening events, misattunement to their needs, and developmental frustration.
So if a crying baby is physically well and all of her immediate needs have been met, the chances are that she has some emotional tension to release. In harmony with all attachment parenting, Aware Parenting advocates that a crying baby is never left alone. But if she is crying to heal, her parents can hold her, without jiggling, rocking, singing, walking, or feeding her, since these only serve to distract her and create life long patterns for repressing feelings from awareness. Being lovingly present and gently talking to the baby will give her the acceptance and safety she needs to let out her feelings. She may writhe and kick, since babies cry through their whole bodies, particularly when they are releasing birth trauma. At this point a parent may worry that surely the baby is hungry or physically uncomfortable, but as long as all of the baby's immediate needs have been met and she is physically well, this crescendo can be welcomed. When she has expressed all that she needs to, she will become calmer, moving into a very alert state where she makes eye contact, or otherwise she will fall into a deep and tranquil sleep. If she falls asleep in the middle of the intense crying phase, she will awaken ready to finish the session.
For the first three months of my daughter's life I fed her as soon as she woke up, and many times a day, even though she "threw up" so often that we owned about 50 bibs! I fed her constantly through the evening despite the fact that she frequently came on and off the breast and turned her head away. I would jiggle her, walk her in the sling, and do anything to keep her from crying. By the time she was three months old, I decided that I wanted to distinguish between when she was hungry and when she was needing to express her upset feelings. Around dinner time she would seem agitated rather than hungry, and I held her whilst she cried for the first time. (Before this she had hardly cried at all). Afterwards I felt really upset, thinking that maybe I had damaged her. I tried again the next day, and I felt really anxious that she might be hungry, even though she had just finished a long feed. But as I saw how much calmer she was and how she made eye contact after that cry, I felt more confident. My husband was at first concerned, until he held her crying for the first time. The peaceful presence and gazing that they shared after that cry moved him deeply and ever since he has been more than happy to hold her whilst she cries.
Once children can talk, they can express their hurt feelings through words. However, they still need to let out their emotional pain through crying, raging, symbolic play, and laughter (the latter helps release anxiety and fear). As with infants, children also sweat, tremble, and yawn to release stress hormones. Children need to know they are in an emotionally safe environment where expressing feelings is welcomed and where their needs for closeness, empathy, autonomy and respect are met. Aware Parenting helps us understand the behaviour of children that might otherwise be called "misbehaviour;" children act in ways which parents don't enjoy either because: their needs are not being met; they are too young to understand; or they have emotional tension which requires release.
Aware Parenting results in interpretations of babies' and children's behaviour that differ markedly to most other parenting styles. Where others may label a child's behaviour as spirited, spoilt, naughty, or manipulative, Aware Parenting shows us that many behaviours can be understood in terms of unexpressed emotions which are held in the child's body as physical and emotional tension. Aware Parenting explains that a child who experiences only loving kindness but not supported emotional release may still exhibit "violent" and "oppositional" behaviour, and may avoid intimacy, because he doesn't know how else to express all the feelings he is holding inside.
An inability to sleep even when tired, frequent night waking after six months, and very early waking in older children may all indicate tension caused by unexpressed feelings. Babies and children cry when they are tired because their ability to repress their feelings is reduced at these times; being held as they cry allows them to fall into a restful sleep. "Fussiness"and agitation in the evening also indicates a build up of the stimulation of the day which can be released through supported crying. So-called "high need" babies may simply be babies who have experienced stress in utero or a traumatic birth and thus have a lot of feelings to be expressed.
Frequently asking for the breast when not hungry, or when physically or emotionally hurt may mean that the baby has already learnt a way to keep her feelings at bay. Coming on and off the breast for long periods, "spacing out," and frequently being sick may also indicate that a baby needs to let out tension in her body rather than feed more.
"Whining", asking for things which she then doesn't want, biting, kicking, pulling hair and hyperactivity all indicate that a child is trying to deal with the agitation she feels. Tantrums are a means for emotional release and healing and occur when strong feelings can no longer be held in. A baby or toddler who cries when she is picked up probably does so because the closeness helps her connect to the hurt feelings she has inside. Babies and children who avoid eye contact and connection are protecting themselves from their emotional pain.
Recently, a friend of mine was telling me how confused she was about her daughter's behaviour. "I don't understand, how come she hits me and other children, and is so rough with our cats, when I carried her constantly when she was a baby?" Another parent expressed her concern over her son's high activity level, saying he often seemed agitated; she was particularly upset that he rarely made eye contact with her and often pushed her away.
I find that when my daughter and I are not connected, it means that either she or I have hurt feelings which need expression. When a child or adult is holding onto upset feelings, true connection is difficult.
When a parent responds promptly and precisely to her baby's signals, and distinguishes between his need for emotional healing and his needs for food, sleep and stimulation, he displays specific behaviours. He is calm and alert, and his body is relaxed. He goes to sleep when he is tired (with physical closeness), without needing feeding, rocking or routines, and sleeps soundly. He is happy and enjoys closeness but is also content to entertain himself at times.
He is able to concentrate for long periods, learns easily, and enjoys cooperating, as his attention is free from stored painful feelings. He does not bite or hit other children, animals, or his parents, but generally plays harmoniously and with sensitivity to his own body and those of others. As an adult, he has a deep level of acceptance of himself, and is comfortable with the strong feelings of others. He has intimate connections with others and the natural world. He does not need to use food, distraction, TV, alcohol or drugs to numb himself from his pain but cries when he needs to.
With all this knowledge available, why is Aware Parenting still practiced by so few? A misunderstanding about the meaning and purpose of crying and raging is a major reason. Lack of support for this kind of parenting in our society, as well as a cultural fear of feelings in general, is another. But also because when our baby cries or our child cries and rages, it stimulates the feelings we are protecting ourselves from. Holding our crying three month old might connect us to our own grief from when we were left to cry alone. Holding our raging three year old may stimulate fear connected with our own memories of birth, or powerlessness from when we were punished for crying. To practice Aware Parenting entails getting enough support to express the pain that is stimulated in us as we parent our children empathically. We may also choose to challenge the ways we habitually deal with our own feelings, such as by eating, excessive activity, or muscle tension. It is never too late to start supporting our children to heal using the mechanism they were born with, or to seek help to get our own needs for empathy and emotional support met.
I still encourage and support my daughter to have a cry most days. I notice that when she has not had a cry for a while, she is more agitated, more likely to wake in the night, more easily frustrated, and concentrates less. When I'm upset, I'm not truly present and empathic with my daughter's feelings, and sometimes behave in ways I later regret. So when I get agitated or upset I try to get empathy from a friend, or cry in my husband's arms after my daughter has gone to bed.
I hope to see more widespread understanding about the needs of babies and children in our society. I look forward to the day when, rather than distracting, punishing or ignoring an upset child, his crying and raging are welcomed, his parents are given plenty of emotional support, and the benefits become so well known that every supermarket provides a crying room!


text:
L'AG2R Citroën Team, nota in passato come Chazal, Casino, AG2R Prévoyance e AG2R La Mondiale è una squadra maschile francese di ciclismo su strada con licenza UCI World Tour, attiva nel professionismo dal 1992.

Diretta sin dalla fondazione dal general manager Vincent Lavenu, costituisce il più antico team professionistico francese ancora in attività. Nella sua quasi trentennale storia la squadra ha ottenuto complessivamente diciannove vittorie di tappa al Tour de France (quattro delle quali con il velocista Jaan Kirsipuu), tre al Giro d'Italia e sei alla Vuelta a España.

Lo sponsor principale dal 2008 è AG2R La Mondiale, società di assicurazione francese nata dalla fusione tra La Mondiale ed AG2R Prévoyance. La società di gestione del team ha sede a La Motte-Servolex, in Savoia: a rimarcare il legame con l'area savoiarda, dal 2001 la squadra è associata al centro di formazione giovanile Chambéry Cyclisme Formation, da cui sono usciti numerosi corridori poi divenuti professionisti in maglia AG2R.

Storia

1992-1999: i primi anni e l'exploit della Casino
Nel 1992 Vincent Lavenu, che aveva appena terminato la carriera da ciclista professionista, fondò una squadra professionistica. Lo sponsor principale era Chazal, azienda alimentare che già finanziava l'ultima squadra in cui aveva gareggiato lo stesso Lavenu nel 1991, la svizzera Mosoca-Chazal-Eurocar. Al primo anno la neonata formazione ottenne otto vittorie. Chazal rimase come sponsor fino al 1995: nel 1996 le subentrò Petit Casino, linea di superette parte della catena Casino. A quel tempo la squadra era classificata come team di seconda divisione (GSII) e sfruttò la denominazione Petit Casino-C'est votre équipe (in italiano "Petit Casino-È la vostra squadra") per coinvolgere il pubblico.

Nel 1997 Casino, la catena di supermercati di cui facevano parte Petit Casino, assunse direttamente la sponsorizzazione della squadra e il budget a disposizione di Lavenu crebbe sostanzialmente. La squadra poté dunque partecipare a tutte le più importanti gare mondiali (Grandi Giri, classiche del Nord, corse a tappe) ottenendo, tra il 1997 e il 1999, ben 133 successi, 65 dei quali solo nel 1998. Nell'annata 1998 gli atleti della Casino vinsero lungo tutto l'arco della stagione: la Tirreno-Adriatico e l'Amstel Gold Race con Rolf Järmann, la Freccia Vallone con Bo Hamburger, due tappe al Tour de France con Jacky Durand e Rodolfo Massi, una tappa alla Vuelta a España con Jaan Kirsipuu, la Parigi-Tours 1998 con Jacky Durand, oltre a diversi ulteriori successi con Aleksandr Vinokurov e Marc Streel, e alla vittoria nella Coppa di Francia. In quel triennio la squadra si aggiudicò anche il Giro di Svizzera 1997 con Christophe Agnolutto, il Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré 1999 con Vinokurov, un'altra tappa al Tour de France 1999 con Kirsipuu, che quell'anno vestì anche la maglia gialla per sei giorni, e la classifica giovani di quella Grande Boucle con Benoît Salmon.

2000-2007: gli anni AG2R e l'ingresso nel ProTour

La compagnia assicurativa AG2R Prévoyance divenne main sponsor del team di Lavenu all'inizio del 2000. Nelle annate subito seguenti la squadra dovette ridimensionarsi – nel 2001 scese addirittura in GSII, la seconda divisione mondiale – ma ottenne comunque diversi successi soprattutto per merito di Jaan Kirsipuu: tra il 2001 e il 2004 il velocista estone fece sue altre tre tappe al Tour de France, e solo nel 2001 vinse diciotto corse, record in carriera, come già nel 1999. Altre vittorie per l'AG2R in quegli anni arrivarono grazie all'ex campione del mondo Laurent Brochard e al velocista Jean-Patrick Nazon, giunti in squadra rispettivamente nel 2003 e nel 2004. Nel 2001, per affiancare la squadra professionistica, venne fondato a Chambéry il centro di formazione giovanile Chambéry Cyclisme Formation: dal relativo team Under-23, iscritto dal 2007 alla divisione dilettantistica nazionale DN1, sono usciti numerosi corridori poi divenuti professionisti in maglia AG2R.

Nel 2005 la squadra non fu inclusa nel novero delle partecipanti al primo circuito UCI ProTour; poté comunque acquisire licenza Professional Continental e prendere parte ad alcune prove ProTour, tra cui il Tour de France. Nel 2006 la formazione venne inserita nel ProTour, grazie anche agli arrivi di Francisco Mancebo e Christophe Moreau, acquisendo la licenza lasciata libera dalla dismessa Fassa Bortolo. In quella stagione gli atleti di Lavenu si misero in evidenza al Tour de France, vincendo una tappa con Sylvain Calzati e portando per un giorno la maglia gialla con Cyril Dessel (il quale concluderà al sesto posto quella Grande Boucle), ciclisti entrambi cresciuti nella squadra giovanile Chambéry Cyclisme Formation. Anche al Giro d'Italia e alla Vuelta a España la AG2R non sfigurò, cogliendo successi di tappa rispettivamente con Tomas Vaitkus e José Luis Arrieta. Nel 2007 giunsero altri successi: Christophe Moreau vinse infatti il Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré e il titolo di campione nazionale francese.

Dal 2008: AG2R La Mondiale e AG2R Citroën
Nel 2008 la squadra cambiò nuovamente denominazione, divenendo AG2R La Mondiale. In stagione il protagonista tra gli uomini di Lavenu fu Cyril Dessel, capace di aggiudicarsi una tappa al Tour de France, una alla Volta a Catalunya e una al Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré. Nel 2009 la formazione ottenne solamente cinque vittorie; il miglior risultato arrivò comunque ancora dal Tour de France, con l'italiano Rinaldo Nocentini che vestì la maglia gialla consecutivamente per otto tappe. Nel 2010 la squadra colse vittorie soprattutto in gare del circuito Europe Tour: spiccano tuttavia la vittoria di Christophe Riblon ad Ax 3 Domaines durante il Tour de France di quell'anno, e il sesto posto di Nicolas Roche alla Vuelta a España.

Nel 2011 la AG2R La Mondiale si aggiudicò solo sei corse. John Gadret (in squadra dal 2006) fu però protagonista al Giro d'Italia, vincendo la tappa di Castelfidardo e classificandosi al quarto posto finale, terzo dopo la squalifica per doping di Alberto Contador. Al Tour de France il migliore fu invece il trentaquattrenne ex biker Jean-Christophe Péraud, che alla prima partecipazione alla Grande Boucle si classificò decimo, nono dopo la squalifica di Contador. Dopo un 2012 povero di vittorie (solo cinque successi in gare dei circuiti continentali) nel 2013 gli uomini di Lavenu colsero diversi risultati di rilievo. Il colombiano Carlos Alberto Betancur si classificò quinto al Giro d'Italia, aggiudicandosi anche la maglia bianca di miglior giovane, Christophe Riblon vinse la tappa dell'Alpe d'Huez al Tour de France – venne anche insignito del riconoscimento di Supercombattivo di quel Tour – e Domenico Pozzovivo concluse sesto alla Vuelta a España.

Nel 2014, dopo il successo di Betancur alla Parigi-Nizza, la squadra ebbe grandi risultati al Tour de France: arrivarono infatti una vittoria di tappa e il secondo posto finale con Jean-Christophe Péraud, il sesto posto del giovane Romain Bardet (ex Chambéry C.F.) ma anche, per la prima volta, il successo nella classifica a squadre. Nel mese di ottobre dello stesso anno fu annunciato che AG2R avrebbe continuato a sponsorizzare la squadra fino al 2018. Nella stagione seguente, nonostante il prematuro ritiro al Giro d'Italia del capitano Pozzovivo, la squadra fu in evidenza al Tour de France grazie soprattutto a Romain Bardet, vincitore della tappa di Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne e del premio di Supercombattivo, e con Alexis Vuillermoz, primo nella frazione con arrivo sul Mûr-de-Bretagne. Lo stesso Bardet nel 2016 chiuse secondo al Critérium du Dauphiné e quindi secondo anche al Tour de France, alle spalle del solo Chris Froome, grazie soprattutto al successo nella diciannovesima frazione a Saint-Gervais Mont Blanc.

Cronistoria

Annuario

Classifiche UCI

Palmarès
Aggiornato al 19 agosto 2022.

Grandi Giri

 Giro d'Italia
Partecipazioni: 18 (1998, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022)
Vittorie di tappa: 4
2006: 1 (Tomas Vaitkus)
2011: 1 (John Gadret)
2019: 1 (Nans Peters)
2021: 1 (Andrea Vendrame)
Vittorie finali: 0
Altre classifiche: 2
2013: Giovani (Carlos Alberto Betancur)
2021: Scalatori (Geoffrey Bouchard)

 Tour de France
Partecipazioni: 20 (1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022)
Vittorie di tappa: 19
1998: 2 (Jacky Durand, Rodolfo Massi)
1999: 1 (Jaan Kirsipuu)
2000: 1 (Christophe Agnolutto)
2001: 1 (Jaan Kirsipuu)
2002: 1 (Jaan Kirsipuu)
2004: 2 (Jaan Kirsipuu, Jean-Patrick Nazon)
2006: 1 (Sylvain Calzati)
2008: 1 (Cyril Dessel)
2010: 1 (Christophe Riblon)
2013: 1 (Christophe Riblon)
2014: 1 (Blel Kadri)
2015: 2 (Alexis Vuillermoz, Romain Bardet)
2016: 1 (Romain Bardet)
2017: 1 (Romain Bardet)
2020  1 (Nans Peters)
2022  1 (Bob Jungels)
Vittorie finali: 0
Altre classifiche: 6
1998: Combattività (Jacky Durand)
1999: Giovani (Benoît Salmon)
2014: Squadre
2015: Combattività (Romain Bardet)
2018: Giovani (Pierre Latour)
2019: Scalatori (Romain Bardet)

 Vuelta a España
Partecipazioni: 23 (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022)
Vittorie di tappa: 7
1998: 1 (Jaan Kirsipuu)
2006: 1 (José Luis Arrieta)
2015: 1 (Alexis Gougeard)
2016: 1 (Pierre Latour)
2018: 2 (Tony Gallopin, Alexandre Geniez)
2021: 1 (Clément Champoussin)
Vittorie finali: 0
Altre classifiche: 1
2019: Scalatori (Geoffrey Bouchard)

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 Campionati belgi: 3
In linea: 2001 (Ludovic Capelle); 2017 (Oliver Naesen)
Cronometro: 1997 (Marc Streel)

 Campionati bielorussi: 1
In linea: 2014 (Jaŭhen Hutarovič)

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Cronometro: 2015 (Hugo Houle)

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In linea: 1998, 1999, 2002 (Kirsipuu); 2000 (Aus); 2004, 2006 (Pütsep)
Cronometro: 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 (Kirsipuu); 2000 (Aus); 2008 (Kangert)

 Campionati francesi: 5
In linea: 1997 (Stéphane Barthe); 2007 (Christophe Moreau)
Cronometro: 1999 (Gilles Maignan); 2017, 2018 (Pierre Latour)

 Campionati irlandesi: 3
In linea: 2002, 2003 (Mark Scanlon); 2009 (Nicolas Roche)

 Campionati lituani: 3
In linea: 2018 (Gediminas Bagdonas)
Cronometro: 2018, 2019 (Gediminas Bagdonas)

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In linea: 2008 (Alexandr Pliuschin)

 Campionati svizzeri: 1
In linea: 2010 (Martin Elmiger)

 Campionati ucraini: 1
Cronometro: 2004 (Jurij Krivcov)

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Swift gpi crosses 50% threshold
Source: Axioma
During 2018, SWIFT's gpi payments service continued to radically transform correspondent banking. With the support of hundreds of financial institutions, including the world's 60 biggest banks, it is now being used to send hundreds of billions in payments every day – more than half (55%) of SWIFT's cross-border traffic.
Luc Meurant, Chief Marketing Officer at SWIFT, said: "Through gpi, SWIFT and its community have managed to radically innovate the very core of correspondent banking, in what has been the biggest innovation in SWIFT's 40 year history. The pace of its adoption since its launch in early 2017 is particularly impressive; less than two years' since its launch, gpi is rapidly becoming the cross-border standard. It was designed, developed and deployed in record time, and the industry has responded to it with huge enthusiasm, enabling us to move towards universal adoption by the end of 2020."
Already the new standard, SWIFT gpi has dramatically improved the customer experience in cross-border payments by increasing the speed, transparency and traceability of payments. SWIFT gpi payments are typically made within minutes or even seconds. Overall, over 50% of SWIFT gpi payments are credited to end beneficiaries within 30 minutes, and almost 100% of payments within 24 hours. Payments that take longer typically have clear known reasons, such as being subject to payment regulations in the receiving country.
"The increased speed offered by gpi benefits banks as well as their end customers", added Meurant. "For banks, it helps to reduce the capital requirements needed to support international payments, while for banks' end customers it frees up cash and enables goods to move faster. The service has dramatically enhanced the customer experience by eliminating many of the issues that have previously led to time-consuming and costly enquiries. The transparency it enables not only reduces the total number of enquiries, but also the time needed to handle those that are left."
Global adoption ramped up throughout the year, as major banks from all across the world joined the service. The rapid take up of the gpi service led to SWIFT's announcement in June that it would move to universal gpi adoption by the end of 2020. By then, all 10,000 banks on the SWIFT network will be able to offer same day end-to-end delivery with full tracking and transparency throughout the payment chain.
In addition, SWIFT announced a number of significant developments and enhancements to the service during the year:
Unique identification mechanism
gpi's unique end-to-end transaction reference (UETR) has been included in all payment instructions carried between all 10,000 banks on SWIFT since November, irrespective of whether senders are gpi banks and whether they are executing gpi payments. The extension of the UETR represented a major step forward, significantly extending transparency by allowing users to track all payments, whether or not the counterparty has joined gpi, and driving more banks to join the service.
Tracking capability extended to full network
From 2019, all banks on the SWIFT network - not just those signed up to gpi - will be able to trace, and have visibility over their payment activity. The rollout will prepare the entire industry for universal gpi adoption by the end of 2020.
Integration with domestic payment systems
SWIFT has worked with most major domestic high value payment systems to ensure that gpi payments can be tracked through nearly 100 domestic systems across the world, including the systems in all the largest economies. This allows many of the benefits of gpi to be experienced beyond SWIFT's extensive reach.
Instant cross-border payments
SWIFT successfully trialled an instant cross-border SWIFT gpi payments service in the Asia Pacific region. Working with banks in Australia, China, Thailand and Singapore, the pilot successfully demonstrated that by leveraging gpi and gpi banks to inter-connect real-time domestic systems, cross-border payments can be effected almost instantly - even when they involve domestic settlement and non-gpi banks. The fastest payment made directly between gpi banks in these corridors was initiated from a gpi bank in Singapore and credited to a bank account at an Australian gpi bank within nine seconds - in effect, a real-time cross-border payment.
Payment pre-validation capability
SWIFT announced the pilot of an API-enabled integrated pre-validation gpi service to enable the speedy identification and elimination of issues in payment messages. The pilot is the first stage in the rollout of an ambitious gpi validation programme, which will also look at using predictive analytics and artificial intelligence to improve the predictability of international payments.
Multi-bank tracking solution for corporates
SWIFT launched gpi for Corporates (g4C) - a multi-bank payments tracking solution that allows corporates to gain real-time, end-to-end views on their cross-border payments flows. The new service enables banks to provide gpi information to their corporate clients in a standardised way, thus allowing them to initiate and track their gpi payments to and from multiple banks in a single format and integrate it into their back offices, achieving efficiency and transparency with automated end-to-end flows.
Improved business intelligence
SWIFT debuted a new Business Intelligence gpi Observer Analytics tool giving banks more comprehensive insights into their gpi traffic flows. The unique market and competitive analysis that gpi Observer Analytics provides allows financial institutions to act on reliable data enabling them to optimise their payment routings, steer their cross-border payment strategies and fine-tune their Service Level Agreements. This will lead to lower costs, faster payments and an improved customer value proposition.
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Every day millions of us hop on the internet and peruse through websites. Whether we're looking for recipes, shopping for home necessities, getting updated on the latest news or working. It's become our norm; a part of our daily routine. But how many of us have thought about how a website is made? In this perspective, I'm going to take you behind the scenes of how we design a website.
Before we begin our project, a meeting is set with our client to get a feel of what they're looking for, what message they want to convey through their website, how they differ from their competition and what goals they want to achieve. We provide a questionnaire to better understand how they need their website to perform. To get an idea of how large the website is, we request a sitemap. During the briefing stage we also discuss the features their website needs, the features they would like to have, and if it is within their budget.
No one knows a company better than the people that work there and the people who own it. During this phase, we ask our client to provide each page's content (text and images) to get an idea of exactly how we need to design a page. As Bill Gates says, "Content is King". Based on the sitemap and the files we receive from our client, we can determine which pages need special layouts.
As we research, one of the first things we do is look at our client's competition. We examine their strengths and weaknesses and use it to our client's benefit. We study the ever-changing trend of design to make sure that when we get to the design phase, we are creating a site that is current but lasting. The website should especially cater to the feel, and truly present the company's identity. We also take into consideration what their target audience would be looking for, because in all honesty, although a website represents a company, how it functions should be determined by who the audience is. Once we have an idea of which direction we need to go, we sketch out possible site layouts.
We begin creating the website's homepage wireframe. If our client has provided us with a brand identity manual we make sure we are using their color palettes, fonts and make sure the website is cohesive with any of their current designed pieces. The homepage is the first page created as it sets the tone for the entire website.
If our client does not have a brand identity manual, we go off what we have (usually the logo) and based on our research, we create a color palette that helps deliver their message. We look for fonts that also match the personality of the brand. If the brand is more laid back, approachable, we look for fonts that reflect that personality.
When the homepage is complete, we send a sample to our client for feedback. Once the homepage concept is approved, we design the secondary page concepts and present them to our client using a program that allows them to navigate through the concepts as if it were an actual website. Halfway through designing a website!
We work with our development team to build the website. Once the site is built, we load all the content and the refinement stage begins. We send a test link to our client for feedback to see if they need us to make adjustments. We thoroughly go through the website and perform in-depth quality testing. Once the site is ready, we prepare to launch.
A website is never done. As I always say to our client, when it comes to websites, nothing's set in stone. There's always room for change. In this fast-changing environment, there are brand new features that increase visitor engagement and we collaborate with our clients to ensure their website is up to date. It's pretty fascinating to know all the effort that's put into designing a website!


State-of-the-art "AZURAWOODS" Reception Hall of Malaybalay opened yesterday exceptionally!
In their exclusive, cristal-clear design premises, Mr Fiorello "Dodo" & Mrs Chay Azura offered a fine dining party to their main Manila business partners.
Eiffel Kubo was delighted to be their caterer of choice, creating a special Four Courses French Menu served with Champagne, Chardonnay & Medoc wines.
AZURAWOODS Hall echoed the notes of music of Karl-Jason, a talented violinist from Valencia, along with the vibrant conversations of the guests, until late in the afternoon.
Eiffel Kubo is very grateful to Dodo & Chay Azura for their trust and friendship – A memorable moment for all!


What you need to know: This integration uses Pingdoms webhooks feature to send alerts to VictorOps.
Pingdom is a service that tracks the uptime, downtime, and performance of websites.
Select "Integrations" from the menu bar on the left, click the "Integrations" option, then click "Add integration".
In the Add Integration" window, use the drop-down menu for Type to select Webhook. Give the webhook a name and paste in the webhook URL provided by VictorOps. Be sure to replace the "$routing_key" section with your actual routing key. Finally, click Save Integration.
When creating or editing checks, scroll to the bottom of the settings to select the new integration you have just added. It is not necessary to include any alerting actions for the webhook to function.
The Routing Key (+$routing_key) can be used to route an email endpoint initiated incident to a specific team or teams within VictorOps. You will want to be sure to replace $routing_key within the Email endpoint address with a valid routing_key found within your VictorOps instance.
Navigate to Alerting Endpoints in the side-menu of Pingdom.
Create a new Contact Method and select Email from the How should we contact you?, dropdown menu.


text:
#include <string>

typedef std::wstring ResourceId;
typedef int InstanceId;

const ResourceId MAP_VILLAGE = L"MAP_VILLAGE";


Sometime around mid July, a few friends and I decided to go check out some coffee shops in Hongdae. Two of my buddies, Kyle and Michael, are both into the art of coffee. Kyle had found this one specialty shop in Hongdae that was known for its excellent bean quality. We had all been meaning to check out this place, but due to conflicting schedules, that trip kept getting delayed. We all happened to be free one lazy Saturday, so we decided to finally check it out. We invited our friend Jessie to come along with us because, well, Jessie is awesome. Her husband, Ryan, would have joined us too, but he was feeling a bit under the weather. So the four of us set off to the faraway hipster land of Hongdae.
Since our destination was Hongdae, we of course had to grab a bowl of the best Japanese ramen in Seoul at Hakada Bunko. Tons of other blogs have written about it, so I'll keep commentary on that short. Just know, there is no other Japanese ramen than tastes better than their In Ramen. Go check them out. Do it.