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2020: How We Fought for Justice in Our Food System
One year ago, Family Farm Action Alliance joined the fight for justice within our food system as a new research, policy development, and market innovation organization, bringing support to Family Farm Action's legislative and political advocacy.
Joining the fight for a more just food system in 2020 wasn't easy, but it was necessary. We witnessed the frailty of our consolidated food system in a harsh light as families lined up for food banks and found grocery store shelves empty. Meatpacking workers fell sick and farmers faced bankruptcy, plowing over their crops and euthanizing livestock because of supply chain failures.
In the face of these humbling challenges, we had to learn new ways to work, connect with our supporters and stakeholders, and keep policymakers engaged in food system reform. We are proud to say that, together, we have had success during these challenging times.
Our work always begins with sound research. From conversations with key stakeholders to crunching numbers, our research builds the solid foundation needed to develop policies that will truly benefit farmers, ranchers, food chain workers, rural communities and all of us who eat:
This year, Family Farm Action Alliance commissioned research by leading food systems expert, Dr. Mary Hendrickson and her team. Titled "The Food System: Concentration and Its Impacts," this paper provides new data on the state of consolidation in our food system along with a new key narrative: corporate monopolies are now more about amassing power than wealth.
Family Farm Action published a paper with comprehensive policy recommendations for the Biden-Harris administration to revitalize rural America. Titled "Build Back Better: Our Call to Action and Roadmap for Rural America," this plan was developed in conversation with 30+ individual stakeholders and groups, and endorsed by 16 farm, food and rural organizations.
But what good is all of this new research and policy if no one knows about it? We got to work and made sure to raise awareness and educate folks about the big, often complex issues facing our food systems:
In November, Family Farm Action Alliance, in partnership with Open Markets Institute, hosted a virtual paper launch to release our paper: "The Food System: Concentration and Its Impacts." Senator Cory Booker joined the conversation with 300 attendees and shared how this groundbreaking research informs policy and advocacy in our national government.
We heard you: our supporters have faced challenges from friends and family members when talking about the fight for a fair food system and economy. Family Farm Action hosted a series of Hearts and Minds trainings, providing a space for our stakeholders to talk about values-based messaging strategies that call our loved ones and neighbors into the fight, instead of calling them out.
We took on the task of breaking down the Feed-Meat Complex, a new concept outlined in "The Food System: Concentration and Its Impacts" that shows how big meat corporations benefit from billions of dollars in taxpayer-funded grain subsidies.
How exactly did a few companies corner the U.S. and even global food market? And how does this affect farmers, consumers and food chain workers? Our next blog, Integration Nation, tackled these questions and more.
We connected with reporters and news outlets to help inform them and the public. In the past year, we were featured in Bloomberg, Politico, Fox News, NowThis News, The Nation, Mother Jones, Vox, The American Prospect and dozens of regional outlets, reaching over 600 million readers and listeners.
Our research and supporters told us that there is a market for local and regional foods, and abusive corporate monopolies are doing everything they can to shut out independent farmers and ranchers from these opportunities. We developed policies that would reign in monopolistic control and create economic opportunity for everyone throughout the food supply chain. Our next step? Bring our policy development to life:
Family Farm Action Alliance assisted with the development of two key pieces of legislation filed this year:
Introduced in the Senate and House, The Farm Systems Reform Act includes antitrust reform, country of origin labeling, and provisions to help farmers transition away from industrial livestock production.
Just last month, the groundbreaking Justice for Black Farmers Act was introduced in the Senate, aimed at addressing decades of historic discrimination against Black farmers.
These aren't the only pieces of legislation that include our policy recommendations. See our webpage for a full list.
When the first COVID-19 stimulus talks were happening, Family Farm Action Alliance submitted policy recommendations to ensure that rural communities, farmers and ranchers were being considered fairly as Congress divvied up the money.
Cargill Turkey Fraud: We and six other groups submitted a legal complaint to the Federal Trade Commission, calling out Big Ag giant Cargill for misleading labels that claim Cargill turkeys are raised by independent farmers. Over 500 people signed a petition in support of our complaint, standing behind independent farmers and ranchers and standing up to corporate deceit.
We submitted public comments to the USDA on lamb checkoff program reform and "Product of U.S.A." labeling. Additional comments were submitted to the FTC on "Made in U.S.A." labeling, continuing the fight for fair rules and regulations that benefit farmers, ranchers and food chain workers, not just corporations.
Getting a word in on Capitol Hill isn't always easy. We went the extra mile to put legs under our policies:
In July, Family Farm Action joined a Congressional Staff Briefing with hosts Sen. Cory Booker and Rep. Ro Khanna to share the merits for supporting the Farm Systems Reform Act.
The same month, we co-hosted the Climate Crisis Policy Legislative Briefing, focusing on legislation related to retooling our agricultural system in a way that promotes better environmental stewardship while creating new economic opportunities for our nation's farmers and ranchers.
In a meeting this December with President-Elect Biden's transition team, we shared our top policy recommendations for USDA and gave Biden's team the comprehensive roadmap they need to truly Build Back Better for rural Americans.
There is no stopping the Farm Action team. January 2021 is shaping up to be one of our busiest months yet as we prepare tools and policies for the incoming Congress. We invite you to stay engaged with our work as we continue to fight alongside you for a more just food system.
In the face of humbling challenges, we learned new ways to work, connect with our supporters and stakeholders, and keep policymakers engaged in food system reform.
Fox News | Biden agricultural secretary pick made $1M a year off struggling farmers
President-elect Joe Biden plucked Tom Vilsack to serve as agricultural secretary, a former Iowa governor who filled the role under President Obama. But some farmers are sure to be outraged by the decision…
Family Farm Action Voices Concern Over Vilsack's Return to USDA
Today, Family Farm Action responded to president elect Biden's selection of Tom Vilsack for USDA secretary. Family Farm Action questions Vilsack's ability to lead the USDA into the future, concerned over Vilsack's overt ties to corporate agribusiness and his track record of catering to corporate interests during his time in this position under the Obama administration.


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Q: Need help designing database, Create a table with additional columns/fields in the table, or create a new table for each different type? So the tables that I have are Certificates, Approvers, CertificatesApprovers, Categories, Approvees, Status, AdditionalFields, AdditionalFieldsValues.
Many Certificates to Many Approvers relationship.
1 Category to Many Certificates relationship.
1 Category to Many AdditionalFields relationship
1 AdditionalFields to Many AdditionalFieldsValues relationship
If there are different types of Certificates which will have different fields/columns, should I create a different unique table for each type of Certificate or just add the additional fields/columns in the Certificates table (but some of the entries will be blank)?
For example, a MedicalCertificate will have a field Specialization whereas a DrillCertificate will have a field DrillType.
Certificates Table

ID
CategoryID
ApproveeID
ValidFrom
ValidUntil
StatusID
Specialization
DrillType

1
2
4
1/4/2021
2/4/2021
1
Oncology

2
1
5
1/4/2021
2/4/2021
1

Traditional

OR
MedicalCertificates Table

ID
ApproveeID
ValidFrom
ValidUntil
StatusID
Specialization

1
4
1/4/2021
2/4/2021
1
Oncology

2
5
1/4/2021
2/4/2021
1
Haemotology

A: 1:many -- Just an id in one of the tables to link to the other.
many:many -- Need a table to link them.  It will have (probably) exactly 2 columns, namely the two ids.
key-value pairs -- read about EAV and its evils and benefits.

A: I'm more of a fan of your second option because it's more normalized than the first option, but even better for normalization would be to have one Certificates table with the common fields in it ID, ApproveeID, ValidFrom, ValidUntil, StatusID and then a generic auxillary table to store the uncommon fields in.
For example, the auxillary table could be called CertificatesAdditionalInfo with fields like ID, CertifcateID, Info1Name, Info1Value, Info2Name, Info2Value, etc. The info fields would be nullable so that they're flexible.
Implementing it this way means you only need one table for the main data for Certifcates, which will lead to less data duplication, better long term maintainability, and likely improved performance. Also please pick better table and column names (though the column names should be generic) than me, as I suck at naming things.

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Do Swampert have really wide fingers?
Thanks and thanks for the friend request, making me feel a bit popular.
I'm curious, what would your favorite region be if Hoenn didn't exist?
What would you do if you really are a turtle for some reason?
Seems like you're going to stick around.
I see a whole lot of you these days!
might I be first to post here, ne~?
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Fish and chip packaging made of seaweed and a documentary about council clean-ups are among projects by UNSW design students at the Australian Design Centre's Designing Bright Futures exhibition.
As global pressure to reduce plastic waste grows, graduating UNSW design student Jessica Zinga has invented an entirely renewable form of packaging: seaweed fish and chip containers.
The biodegradable packets are produced from 100% seaweed that, unlike plastic and polystyrene, can be returned to the ocean rather than landfill, creating a closed-loop life-cycle.
"I've used seaweed as a renewable material that doesn't use fresh water for irrigation, pesticides or consume fertile farmland," says Zinga, who is exhibiting her project, Sea Harvest, at the Australian Design Centre's Design Bright Futures exhibition.
The harvested seaweed is compressed and moulded to produce bowl-like containers ideal for take-away food eaten on the beach.
Zinga also uses harvested seaweed to make natural dyes for textiles.
Her work is being exhibited along with 11 other outstanding 2017 UNSW Art & Design graduating Masters and Bachelor of Design students across fields including jewellery, textiles, graphics and spatial design.
Another graduate student, Julia Sharkey, has designed MyCycle, an app and website that makes bio-degradable and organic menstrual sanitary products easily available by delivering products directly to the consumer.
A portion of proceeds from each sale is given to Loving Humanity, a charity that provides safe and sanitary menstrual products to the women of the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan.
"I wanted to create an opportunity to easily access healthy and eco-friendly alternatives to commercial, non-organic menstrual hygiene products," Sharkey says.
The sustainable design theme continues in Mia Sabel's Rubbish Rescue, a documentary and series of portraits that explores the reuse of disposed objects from council clean-ups.
"I want to inspire audiences to embrace reuse in their lives, and perhaps give kerbside shopping a try. If all waste was once designed, I want to explore how can we design to avoid this," says Sabel.


There are 4 classes included in this listing, use the filter to change your search.
Class Times: 8:00-5:30 $299.00 Towamencin Township P.D.
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Ageify Video
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According to a survey that conducted from the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), it was found that the majority of kids watch pornography on the internet, with a percentage being 7 or 8 years old. The survey concerned 2.344…
JUUL: New measures to eliminate underage use
JUUL labs continues the effort to eliminate and combat the use of vapor products and takes new measures in the United States in order to have better results about this issue. As the Center of Disease Control announced, nicotine in…
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From 1 July and then, the purchase of vaping products like cigarettes, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco etc. in Illinois, will only be made by people over the age of 21. The Governor, JB Pritzker signed this initiative on April 7, 2019…
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Another delay by six months, about age verification on sites with pornographic content, was announced by the Government, which apologizes At the beginning, it was decided that the legislation would come into effect in April 2018 and then in April…
Snog.fm: Pedophile demanded a 15-year-oldgirl to be stripped for him. What is AGEify'srole
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You are here: Home / Events / Human Interest / AUDITORIUM THEATRE KICKS OFF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LIVE SPEAKER SERIES WITH "WHEN WOMEN RULED THE WORLD," FEATURING CELEBRATED EGYPTOLOGIST DR. KARA COONEY
AUDITORIUM THEATRE KICKS OFF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LIVE SPEAKER SERIES WITH "WHEN WOMEN RULED THE WORLD," FEATURING CELEBRATED EGYPTOLOGIST DR. KARA COONEY
August 19, 2018 Comment Off 105 Views
The 2018-19 National Geographic Live Series
Was Curated by the Auditorium Theatre to Feature
Three Stories of Inspirational Women
National Geographic Live – "When Women Ruled the World" on September 26, 2018
(CHICAGO, IL) – The Auditorium Theatre kicks off its three-part National Geographic Live speaker series on Wednesday, September 26, with "When Women Ruled the World," featuring Dr. Kara Cooney, National Geographic author and professor of Egyptian art and architecture at the University of California, Los Angeles.
In "When Women Ruled the World," Cooney delves into the histories of six powerful women leaders of ancient Egypt who, while often neglected in history books, wielded undeniable influence: Cleopatra, who used her sensuality and wealth to build alliances with warlords of the Roman Empire; Neferusobek, who was the first woman to take on the title of "king"; Nefertiti, who united a fractured country but is known more for her beauty than her leadership; and others. Cooney offers insight into what we can learn today from how these women ruled and the obstacles they faced during their reigns.
"We are excited to partner with National Geographic Live on this speaker series which highlights the stories of exceptional women, with each of our three events led by women who are at the forefront of their fields," says C.J. Dillon, Auditorium Theatre Chief Programming Officer. "Starting the season with Dr. Kara Cooney's enlightening discussion on these rulers of ancient Egypt will engage and fascinate Chicago audiences."
"We are thrilled to be returning to Chicago by popular demand for the 2018-19 Season, and to have a new home at the Auditorium Theatre for many years to come," says Yulia Petrossian Boyle, Senior Vice President for Global Media and Experiences at National Geographic. "National Geographic Live events are a unique opportunity for Chicagoans to be inspired by the fascinating stories and breathtaking images they will share from their expeditions to the far corners of our planet."
In addition to her work at UCLA, Cooney has participated in digs with the Metropolitan Museum of Art at the Royal Pyramid complex of Senwosret III and with Johns Hopkins University at the Theban Necropolis. She appeared as a lead expert in the popular Discovery Channel special The Secrets of Egypt's Lost Queen, and is a recurring team member on the History Channel's Digging for the Truth. Her book The Woman Who Would Be King: Hatshepsut's Rise to Power in Ancient Egypt was published in 2014, and her book When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt, published by National Geographic, is forthcoming in 2018.
National Geographic Live – When Women Ruled the World
Wednesday, September 26 | 7PM
Tickets start at $42 and are available online at AuditoriumTheatre.org, by phone at 312.341.2300, or in person at the Auditorium Theatre Box Office (50 E Congress Pkwy/50 E Ida B Wells Dr). When Women Ruled the World is part of the National Geographic Live Series (which also includes Pink Boots and a Machete and Point of No Return), which offers a 25% discount on tickets. Discounts are also available for groups of 10+.
The Auditorium Theatre also offers $15 student rush tickets to full-time college students, and $5 tickets to young people ages 13-19 with Urban Gateways' Teen Arts Pass program. The Auditorium Theatre's ADMIT ONE program, launched in 2016, offers complimentary tickets to Chicago area community groups. Community groups may apply for ADMIT ONE here.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LIVE SERIES SPONSOR:
ELIZABETH YNTEMA IN SUPPORT OF THE WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP FOR THE MARK FERGUSON & ELIZABETH YNTEMA DONOR ADVISED FUND
About National Geographic Live
National Geographic Live is the live events division of National Geographic. With a broad roaster of talent including renowned photographers, scientists, authors, filmmakers, and adventurers, National Geographic Live's critically acclaimed programs have connected with audiences worldwide for over a century. Currently, National Geographic Live events are held in a variety of cities around the world, including Seattle, Los Angeles, Florence, and Calgary. For more information, visit NatGeoLive.com.
About National Geographic Partners LLC
National Geographic Partners LLC (NGP), a joint venture between National Geographic and 21st Century Fox, is committed to bringing the world premium science, adventure and exploration content across an unrivaled portfolio of media assets. NGP combines the global National Geographic television channels (National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo WILD, Nat Geo MUNDO, Nat Geo PEOPLE) with National Geographic's media and consumer-oriented assets, including National Geographic magazines; National Geographic studios; related digital and social media platforms; books; maps; children's media; and ancillary activities that include travel, global experiences and events, archival sales, licensing and e-commerce businesses. Furthering knowledge and understanding of our world has been the core purpose of National Geographic for 130 years, and now we are committed to going deeper, pushing boundaries, going further for our consumers … and reaching millions of people around the world in 172 countries and 43 languages every month as we do it. NGP returns 27 percent of our proceeds to the nonprofit National Geographic Society to fund work in the areas of science, exploration, conservation and education. For more information, visit NatGeoTV.com or NationalGeographic.com. For general press inquiries about National Geographic, please contact Meg Calnan at [email protected] or 202.912.6703.
Upcoming Events at the Auditorium Theatre
August 18: Dance for Life
September 12: A Conversation with Eric Holder: Public Service and Civil Rights
September 13: A Conversation with Common: Activism in an Age of Polarization
September 14: Jason Isbell and the 400 Unit
September 23: Aida Cuevas – Totalmente Juan Gabriel
September 26: National Geographic Live – When Women Ruled the World
October 6: The Legend of Zygimantas Augustas and Barbora Radvilaite
October 7: Death Cab for Cutie
October 9: Black Violin
October 17-28: The Joffrey Ballet – Swan Lake
October 31: Disney in Concert: Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas
About The Auditorium Theatre
The Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University, located at 50 E Congress Pkwy (50 E Ida B Wells Dr) in Chicago, is an Illinois, not-for-profit organization committed to presenting the finest in international, cultural, community, and educational programming to all of Chicago and beyond as The Theatre for the People. The organization also is committed to the continued restoration and preservation of the National Historic Landmark.
The Auditorium Theatre 2018-19 Season is made possible in part with support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Illinois Arts Council, The Chicago Community Trust, and the Palmer House Hilton. Michigan Avenue Magazine is the official magazine sponsor. For more information about programming, volunteer, and donor opportunities or theatre tours, please call 312.341.2310 or visit AuditoriumTheatre.org. For a complete listing of events at the Auditorium Theatre, please click here.
Dr. Kara Cooney, photo courtesy of Kara Cooney. | Auditorium Theatre, photo by Oliver Sandoval.
In : Events, Human Interest
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Q: In one of the Table index size is 1.6 TB, we are not able to Rebuild that index In Sql server 2017 Enterprise Edition, one of our Clustered Indexes is more than 1.6 TB. We are unable to rebuild this index, it is failing while rebuilding due to log file full. We have added additional disk space as well, but the rebuild process is still failing.
Can any one give suggestions to fix the issue

A: I agree with @J.D.: "[...] why do you think you need to rebuild this index?".
Most of the time we see avg_fragmentation_in_percent value >30% and we get mad at it thinking: "Oh, that's why my SQL Server is not going fast! But with a new reorganized index it will be light bolt fast".
This is not the case, especially if you are using SSD, you don't have the read-and-write head of your Hard Drive going left and right picking up data.
Because you are on SQL Server Enterprise Edition I will give you 2 good ideas and 1 crazy idea:

*

*Use ALTER INDEX REBUILD WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = ROW, ONLINE = ON);

*As suggested by @TiborKaraszi in the comment use resumable index rebuild

*Because you have already played around with the log file I found this hacky idea on the web. I will test it myself on my spare time.


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Home » PROSECUTOR v SAM HINGA NORMAN & ORS - RULING ON DEFENCE ORAL APPLICATION TO CALL AN OTP INVESTIGATOR WHO TOOK A WRITTEN STATEMENT FROM PROSECUTION WITNESS TF2-022 (SCSL-04-14-T) [2005] SCSL 34 (01 March 2005);
PROSECUTOR v SAM HINGA NORMAN & ORS - RULING ON DEFENCE ORAL APPLICATION TO CALL AN OTP INVESTIGATOR WHO TOOK A WRITTEN STATEMENT FROM PROSECUTION WITNESS TF2-022 (SCSL-04-14-T) [2005] SCSL 34 (01 March 2005);
THE TRIAL CHAMBER
1st of March, 2005
SAM HINGA NORMAN
MOININA FOFANA
ALLIEU KONDEWA
RULING ON DEFENCE ORAL APPLICATION TO CALL AN OTP INVESTIGATOR WHO TOOK A WRITTEN STATEMENT FROM PROSECUTION WITNESS TF2-022
Court Appointed Counsel for Sam Hinga Norman:
Dr. Bu-Buakei Jabbi
John Wesley Hall, Jr.
Tim Owen, Q.C.
Court Appointed Counsel for Moinina Fofana:
Michiel Pestman
Arrow Bockarie
Victor Koppe
Court Appointed Counsel for Allieu Kondewa:
Charles Margai
Yada Williams
Ansu Lansana
TRIAL CHAMBER I ("The Trial Chamber") of the Special Court for Sierra Leone ("Special Court") composed of Hon. Justice Benjamin Mutanga Itoe, Presiding Judge, Hon. Justice Bankole Thompson, and Hon. Justice Pierre Boutet;
SEIZED OF the Oral Motion on the 11th of Feburary, 1005, brought by Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused, Allieu Kondewa, during the trial proceedings;
NOTING the Oral Response made by the Prosecution on the said Oral Motion and the Reply of Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused during the same day trial proceedings;
NOTING Rules 26bis, 54, and 90(F) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the Special Court ("Rules");
ISSUES THE FOLLOWING DECISION:
SUBMISSIONS OF THE PARTIES
Defence Submissions
On the 11th of February, 2005, Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused, Mr. Charles Margai, made an oral application for the Court to issue a subpoena for Mr. Thomas Lahun, an Investigator for the Office of the Prosecution, to appear before the Court and testify as to the veracity and authenticity of a statement he took from Witness TF2-022 on the 27th of January, 2004, with particular reference to paragraph three of this statement, marked as Exhibit 57(B).
2. Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused in making this application, referred to the Chamber's Ruling in the case of Prosecutor v. Sam Hinga Norman, Moinina Fofana and Allieu Kondewa, Decision on Defence Oral Application to Call OTP Investigators Who Took Down in Writing Statements of Prosecution Witness TF2-021, delivered on the 7th of December, 2004. In this Ruling, the Trial Chamber granted the request to call as witnesses, "Virginia Chitandra and Tamba Gbeki, Investigators of the Office of the Prosecutor to testify before the Court as to the taking down in writing of the statements of Prosecution Witness TF2-021 dated the 4th of February, 2003 and the 13th of January, 2003 both marked Exhibits 19A and 19B respectively".[1]
Prosecution Response
3. The Prosecution responded that the procedure set forth in the Trial Chamber's ruling of the 7th of December 2004, for calling investigators to testify to the veracity and authenticity of statements taken from witnesses applies only in circumstances where there are significant and highly contentious issues arising from such statements.
4. The Prosecution submitted that the main issue in question is the witness' recollection of certain dates and organisations that were in control of Tongo, that are neither significant nor highly contentious. The Prosecution submitted that there is nothing exceptional that justifies the granting of this application. The Prosecution stated that there is an adopted procedure by the Trial Chamber to allow witness statements recorded by the investigators to be tendered into evidence where they constitute prior inconsistent statements. The Prosecution submitted that they do not oppose the tendering of such statements as it assists the Court in assessing the credibility of the witnesses.
Defence Reply
5. Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused replied that Exhibit 57(C), a corrigendum to statement purports to correct an error in Exhibit 57(B), an error that has not been accepted by the purported maker of Exhibit 57(B). Counsel submitted that the witness had denied making the contents of paragraph 3 of Exhibit 57(B), which Exhibit 57(C) purports to correct and that the investigators who recorded these statements should be brought to testify as to the veracity and authenticity of the contents of paragraph 3 of Exhibit 57(B).
II. DELIBERATION
6. The Chamber reaffirms that it has the statutory authority to call a witness proprio motu at any stage of the trial proceedings. Consistent with its obligation to ensure that the trial is fair and expeditious and that "the proceedings before the Special Court are conducted in accordance with the Agreement, the Statute and the Rules, with full respect for the rights of the accused and due regard for the protection of victims and witnesses".[3]
7. In keeping with this obligation, Rule 54 of the Rules states that the Trial Chamber may issue "[a]ny orders, summonses, subpoenas, warrants and transfer orders as may be necessary for the purposes of an investigation or for the preparation or conduct of the trial". Rule 90(F) of the Rules provides that the Trial Chamber shall exercise control over the mode and order of interrogation of witnesses and the presentation of evidence.
8. In this Trial Chamber's opinion, unquestionably the above-mentioned Rules provide it with the authority to exercise control over the conduct of the trial, and in particular, to call witnesses before it. The Trial Chamber endorses the following comments of the Trial Chamber of the ICTY in the Delalic case where it held that the Chamber has power to call witnesses and to control the nature of the testimony, stating that:
26. There is no doubt that the Trial Chamber is vested with powers as defined in the Statute and the Rules for regulating the proceedings before it. This power involves control of the witnesses before it, and their testimony. If properly construed, it extends to the calling of witnesses. If properly construed, it extends to the calling of witnesses. Article 20(1) of the Statute states the general powers vested in the Trial Chambers "to ensure that a trial is fair and expeditious and that proceedings are conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure and evidence, with full respect for the rights of the accused...". This provision summarises and includes the protection of the rights of the accused, without spelling them out in extenso as in Article 21. A fair trial involves all the protection for the accused as stated in Article 21. It will be fair to describe it as a pithy epitome of what constitutes "a fair administration of justice". In addition, Rule 54 provides another general rule under which "at the request of either party or proprio motu, a Judge or Trial Chamber may issue such orders, summonses etc., as may be necessary for the purposes of an investigation or for the preparation or conduct of the trial". Although this rule has been applied to orders, summonses, safe conduct, arrest warrants deemed necessary for the purposes of investigation or conduct of the trial, it is also applicable to measures for the control of proceedings necessary for the conduct of the trial.
28. There [are] therefore ample statutory provisions enabling the Trial Chamber to determine whether a particular witness could be called and to control the nature of the testimony.[4]
9. The Trial Chamber having found that it has authority to exercise control over the conduct of the trial, and in particular, to call witnesses to testify before it in accordance with the Rules and the Statute, turns now to consider the merits of the current Motion.
10. In its Decision of the 7th of December, 2004, this Trial Chamber ruled that when determining whether investigators should be called to testify before the Court on the taking of statements from a witness, it would exercise its discretion on a case-by-case basis, having regard "to the nature of the crimes, the nature of the pleadings, the definition of the issues, and the particular facts and the circumstances of the case". There, we took into consideration the rule against rebuttal on collateral issues, citing the case of R. v. Krause, where the Court laid down the guiding principle that:
[W]here [...] the new matter is collateral, that is, not determinative of an issue arising in the pleadings or indictment or not relevant to matters which must be proved for the determination of the case, no rebuttal will be allowed.[5]
11. Discussing the doctrine of collaterality we stated that:
Significantly, this Chamber recognises that one operative doctrine on this subject is the doctrine of collaterality. The essence of the principle is that questions in cross-examination designed solely at discrediting a witness or impeaching the witness' credibility are essentially collateral in nature if they do not touch on an issue which the Court is necessarily required to determine such as an element of the offence. The typical legal situation calling for the application of the so-called collateral-fact rule is where an effort is made to discredit a witness in a manner unrelated to the subject-matter of the offence. The law is that under cross-examination, in the context of the application of the collateral-fact rule, there is, generally, no opportunity to call evidence to refute answers which have been given by a witness, after asking further questions. Exceptionally, the Defence may be afforded the opportunity, where proper foundation has been laid, to call evidence where a prior inconsistent statement is alleged to contradict a witness's testimony.[6]
12. Continuing, we had this to say:
In this regard, whether an issue in a trial is collateral or central is not determined by reference to some judicial crystal ball. It depends upon the nature of the charges, the factual allegations in support, the definition of the issues in controversy, and the totality of the circumstances of the case. It is, therefore, the considered opinion of the Chamber that some clarifications from the OTP investigators will provide an evidentiary basis upon which TF2-021 can be judged on the grounds that TF2-021's credibility is central to the proof of the Prosecution's case in respect of the matters to which he has testified. Having regard to the nature of his testimony, some explanation as to why he has repudiated significant portions of his out-of-court statements may assist the Court in accurately evaluating his credibility. It is certainly within the realm of probability that the OTP investigator's evidence might remove any doubt that might be cast on the witness' credibility, and emanating from his unequivocal repudiation in court of certain significant portions of the said out-of-court statements to them.[7]
13. The Chamber observes, in the light of the facts before it, and the preceding analysis, that the application currently pending is distinguishable from that determined by the Trial Chamber in its Decision of the 7th of December, 2004. In that case, the Chamber granted the Defence application to call investigators to testify as to the taking down of statements for Witness TF2-021, and stated that in "this peculiar and almost extreme case we are confronted with the testimony and out-of-court statements of a prosecution witness, a child witness, who, without equivocation or hesitation, repudiated significant and highly contentious portions of his statements to the investigators, bearing in mind of course, that the testimonies of this category of witnesses should, either as a matter of law or practice, be examined with some degree of judicial vigilance in view of their particular susceptibilities".
14. In our considered opinion, therefore, the current application before the Trial Chamber concerns a prior statement of Witness TF2-022 regarding the organizations that were in "control" of Tongo at a particular time, which is alleged to be at variance with his oral testimony in Court. It is noteworthy that the period of time testified to by this witness both in Court and in his prior statement concerns a timeframe that is not included within the specific factual allegations underpinning counts in the Indictment. We observe that while this evidence may be relevant to the Indictment, it is collateral and is unrelated to the subject-matter of the offences as charged in the Consolidated Indictment. The Defence in making this application is effectively requesting the Court to subpoena an investigator to respond to one alleged inconsistency between the witness' oral testimony and written statement of the 27th of January, 2004, which inconsistency does not appear to us to be material or highly contentious and certainly not of such a nature that it could not have been properly canvassed and dealt with by appropriate cross-examination. As a matter of law, even if it were material, the question of whether its materiality goes to the issue of the probative value of the witness' testimony is a matter for judicial determination at the appropriate stage.
FOR THE ABOVE REASONS, THE TRIAL CHAMBER
DENIES this Motion brought by Court Appointed Counsel for the Third Accused.
Done in Freetown, Sierra Leone, this 1st of March, 2005
Presiding Judge,
[1] Prosecutor v. Sam Hinga Norman, Moinina Fofana, Allieu Kondewa, Ruling on Defence Oral Application to Call OTP Investigators Who Took Down in Writing Statements of Prosecution Witness TF2-021, 7 December, 2005.
2 Decision, para. 21.
[3] Rule 26bis.
[4] Prosecutor v. Delalic et al., Case No. IT-96-21-T, Decision on the Motion of the Joint Request of the Accused Persons Regarding the Presentation of Evidence, Dated 24 May 1998, 12th of June, 1998.
[5] See R. v. Krause (1986) 2 S.C.R 466
[6] See an instructive article on the subject of collaterality by Peter M. Brauti, 40 Criminal Law Quarterly, (1997), pages 69 – 105, at pages 96 – 98. See also, R.v.R. (D) (1996) 2 S.C.R 291, James Epley Jr, Appellant v. The State of Texas, Appellie 704 S.W.2d 502 (1986), People v. Frazier 95 Mich App. 570 (1980).
[7] Prosecutor v. Sam Hinga Norman, Moinina Fofana, Allieu Kondewa, Ruling on Defence Oral Application to Call OTP Investigators Who Took Down in Writing Statements of Prosecution Witness TF2-021, 7 December, 2005, paras 20-21.
PROSECUTOR v SAM HINGA NORMAN & ORS- RULING ON DEFENCE ORAL APPLICATION TO CALL OTP INVESTIGATORS WHO TOOK DOWN IN WRITING STATEMENTS OF PROSECUTION WITNESS TF2-021 (SCSL-04-14-PT) [2004] SCSL 224 (07 December 2004);
PROSECUTOR v SAM HINGA NORMAN & ORS- DISSENTING REASONED WRITTEN RULING OF HON. JUSTICE BANKOLE THOMPSON FROM MAJORITY RULING ON PROSECUTION'S APPLICATION FOR CLOSED SESSION HEARING OF TESTIMONY OF WITNESS TF2-218 (SCSL-04-14-T) [2005] SCSL 104 (15 Jun
PROSECUTOR v SAM HINGA NORMAN & ORS- WRITTEN REASONED DECISION ON PROSECUTION MOTION FOR LEAVE TO CALL EVIDENCE IN REBUTTAL AND FOR IMMEDIATE PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR PROPOSED REBUTTAL WITNESS (SCSL-04-14-T) [2006] SCSL 139 (27 November 2006);


Praiano's ancient name (Pelagium) means "open sea", in fact in this fishermen town the view on the sea and on Positano and its surroundings is spectacular.
The "Sentiero degli Dei" (Walk of the Gods) is a famous hike that starts from Praiano and reaches Agerola, giving hikers the chance to really get the best views of the Amalfi Coast. This town started developing in the XII century and then specialized in production of the "filo torto", linnen, coral and anchevies. If you visit Praiano make sure you don't miss San Luca, a beautyful church with its typical maiolica tiles dome and paintings of famous artists of the past. Praiano is surely one of the most genuine corners of the Amalfi Coast, away from the most touristy areas and rich with history, culture, views and comforts. One of the more popular attractions is the Grotto Esmerelda, or the "Green Grotto". Although not nearly as famous as the Blue Grotto of the island of Capri, the Grotto Esmerelda, as the name would suggest, features a green light reflection inside the grotto pool.


One of the best parts of the holiday season in Amarillo is Center City's Electric Light Parade. A Christmas parade that lights up downtown Amarillo. Thousands of people descend on downtown to revel in the craftiness of each float.
This is one of those events where you never know what the weather is going to do, and you have to be prepared to bundle up and layer to stay warm or wear a light jacket.
The parade will go on unless there is a threat to the health and safety of Amarillo citizens. I believe the parade has only been cancelled 2 times due to severe cold weather.
Although it may seem the parade is early this year, it isn't, it happens on the same Friday it always does, but the calendar just happened to put it on the very last day in November.
This year's theme is Winter Wonderland. Get ready to see some of the best creativity from some of Amarillo's best businesses, civic groups, non-profits, churches and more. The community goes all out for this parade and it is an amazing event you don't want to miss. Don't forget to stay for the City's Christmas Tree lighting after the parade. Make sure you put it on the calendar and get ready for a Winter Wonderland at Center City's Electric Light Parade.
If you want to participate in the parade, you can! The cost is $25 for non-profits and $40 for businesses. The deadline to sign up is November 14.


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Acknowledging Our Enslavement, part 1: Mask Wearing
The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Underman (Part 10)
American Dissident Voices: Do You Still Think You Have a Country?
If Left Unchecked, the Problem of Goyim Noticing Inevitably Becomes One of Goyim Knowing
Arman Talks About Whiteness
The Mystery of LaRouche
Trumpery
What Stephen McNallen Really Thinks About Race
Bradford Hanson (Editor)
FictionHumor
My proposal for the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize
Bradford Hanson (Editor) · 24 September, 2018
FOR MANY YEARS I've been troubled by the recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize. It seems to me that you had a head start by having the blood of thousands on your hands. Think Kissinger, Begin, Arafat . . . and not forgetting President Obomber herself himself. Following a period of profound reflection,…
Has Jewish Bias Been Reduced or Eliminated at the Nobel Committee?
Rosemary W. Pennington (Editor) · 1 April, 2015
EDITOR'S NOTE: The Nobel chairman for the last fifteen years, Marcus Storch (whose father was the head of the Swedish branch of the World Jewish Congress), has been replaced by a Swede in 2014. And — surprise, surprise — there is no Nobel laureate of Jewish descent this year. As the…
Jewish Bias and the Nobel Prize
Chris Rossetti (Editor) · 11 December, 2011
by Jan C Biro MD., PhD
Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Homulus Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA. SUMMARY ALFRED NOBEL'S WILL (the founding document of the prestigious Nobel Prize) requests "…that in awarding the prizes no consideration be given to the nationality of the candidates, but…


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Implicit Memory: How It Works and Why We Need It
Since the discovery that amnesiacs retained certain forms of unconscious learning and memory, implicit memory research has grown immensely over the past several decades. This review discusses two of the most intriguing questions in implicit memory research: how we think it works and why it is important to human behaviour. Using priming as an example, this paper surveys how historic behavioural studies have revealed how implicit memory differs from explicit memory.
Effective and appropriate use of Body Mass Index for children and adolescents
Pediatric obesity is considered a major public health problem in the United States today. Because excess body fat is associated with various health risks, clinicians and researchers have been investigating effective ways to reduce the incidence of pediatric obesity. To identify at-risk individuals, the U.S. health care community encourages the use of Body Mass Index (BMI),defined as weight/height2 (kg/m2),to classify children and adolescents into different health risk categories, including overweight and obese. However, the scientific validity of using BMI in pediatric population is questionable, even though BMI may be desirable as a means of tracking the growth patterns of individual children and adolescents in order to identify potential health problems.
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https://www.barrons.com/articles/dollar-tree-ceo-michael-witynski-51674571420
Barron's Take
Dollar Tree CEO Michael Witynski Is Stepping Down
Sabrina Escobar
Jan. 24, 2023 9:44 am ET
Dollar Tree President and CEO Michael Witynski is leaving the discount retailer a little more than a month before its next quarterly earnings report. The move is the latest in a series of high-level management changes at Dollar Tree since investor Mantle Ridge launched an activist campaign in November 2021.
Witynski has been in leadership positions at Dollar Tree (ticker: DLTR ) since 2010. He was named CEO in July 2020, when the market in general and retailers in particular were grappling with the Covid-19 pandemic.
Dollar Tree President and CEO Michael Witynski is leaving the discount retailer a little more than a month before its next quarterly earnings report.


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Home Headline Mark Medina, 31, executed in "Crenshaw"
Mark Medina, 31, executed in "Crenshaw"
BELIZE CITY, Tues. Apr. 28, 2015–The second of two men who suffered gunshot wounds unfortunately lost the fight for his life at about 8:20 p.m. yesterday, Monday, less than 48 hours after the incident.
The victim, Belize City taxi operator, Egbert Hemmans, 55, had been admitted to the Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital (KHMH) in a critical condition on Sunday morning after being shot twice—once in the chest and then in the abdomen while sitting in his vehicle.
The incident occurred shortly after 10:00 a.m. this past Sunday, April 26, in the area known as "Crenshaw" on Iguana Street in Belize City, when Hemmans had taken Mark Medina, 31, a known gang affiliate who was apparently marked for death, to recover some items from a house that is located on that street.
Police said that moments after Medina exited the taxi in front of #19 Iguana Street, he was ambushed and riddled by the bullets of a masked gunman who was lying in wait for him.
Eyewitnesses said that Medina briefly struggled with the dark-complexioned assailant, but during the scuffle, he fell to the pavement, which is when the gunman allegedly stood over him and callously shot him several times in the head.
After shooting Medina, the brazen gunman also turned his weapon on Hemmans, who later was able to drive himself to the KHMH, where he reportedly collapsed and had been in a critical condition up until the time of his death yesterday.
As Medina's body lay sprawled on the sidewalk in a gathering pool of blood, the gunman reportedly removed the mask from his face, jumped onto a motorcycle and drove off.
Police reported that when they arrived at the scene, they saw Medina – known as "Tulu-wanka" – with multiple gunshot injuries to his face and neck, after which he was later transported to the KHMH, where he was pronounced dead on arrival.
According to Head of Belize District Crime Investigations Branch (CIB), Superintendent Hilberto Romero, several persons have been detained for questioning in connection with the shooting, and investigators are currently conducting interviews and recording statements, but so far, no one has been charged for the callous broad daylight slaying.
He added that police have implemented patrols in the area to prevent anticipated acts of retaliation.
Police today said that they are still at a loss as to the motive for the shooting and have no further information on the incident except that Hemmans had been caught in the crossfire simply because he took Medina to the area.
While police said that no motive has been established for Medina's murder, his family is of the opinion that he was lured to his death. He had been known as a feared member of the reputed George Street Gang, but according to relatives, he had been trying to change his life since being released from prison last year.
Medina – who was well known to the police – had been in and out of trouble with the law for over a decade, and had been accused of a number of offenses in the past, including murder and robbery.
Just a little over a month ago, on March 24, there was an attempt on Medina's life at around 9:00 p.m. as he walked towards his Grey 2000 Honda Accord car on East Collet Canal in Belize City.
Several shots were reportedly fired at him as he was opening the door on the driver's side; however, Medina managed to jump in the vehicle at the time and drive off uninjured.
That incident ironically happened on the fourth anniversary of the death of his brother, Shamir Medina, 19, who was shot and killed near their family home on Plues Street in late March of 2011.
Speculations are that Medina was wanted by a Mexican cartel due to a drug deal gone wrong where he had reportedly come into possession of a significant quantity of drugs, but yesterday, police would only confirm that Medina had been trying to recover some items which were owed to him by someone who lives at #19 Iguana Street.
That individual reportedly called him to go and retrieve them on Sunday; however, he/she was not at home at the time, and while Medina stood outside on the phone probably trying to contact the said person, the gunman ran out from under a nearby mango tree in a nearby yard and shot him.
Last September, Medina was charged with displaying gang membership insignia after police said that they caught him showing off a "GSG Gaza" tattoo on his body. He had pleaded not guilty to the charge.
On June 2, 2009, a murder charge against Medina was withdrawn when the prosecution could not produce an eyewitness for the murder of Chinese businesswoman, Cuisi Zhou Xiu, who was killed during a robbery that occurred at her store on May 20, 2007.
Xiu's daughter and son were also shot in that incident.
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Belizean Gov't official took US$25,000 monthly bribe
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The news that broke early this week that Dara Robinson's feeding program for hungry children is on life support was just one more heartbreaker...
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Who is This Man and Why Haven't I Heard of Him?
by Dale Ahlquist
G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936) was one of the greatest and most prolific writers of the 20th century. A convert to Catholicism, he is well known for his Father Brown mystery stories and for his reasoned defense of the Christian faith. Learn More
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Lecture 36: Eugenics and Other Evils
The Case Against a Scientifically-Designed Society
Eugenics is a nice-sounding word, combining as it does the Greek words for "good" and "birth." And Francis Galton, who made up the word and the idea, proposed Eugenics "for the betterment of mankind." But that's as far as the nice-sounding stuff goes. The actual definition is rather horrible: the controlled and selective breeding of the human race. Galton based his ideas on the theories of his cousin: Charles Darwin. By the beginning of the 20th century, when Darwin's theory was safely embraced by the scientific establishment, Eugenics was getting good press. The New York Times gave it constant and positive coverage. Luther Burbank and other scientists promoted Eugenics. George Bernard Shaw said that nothing but a Eugenic religion could save civilization.
Only one writer wrote a book against Eugenics. G.K. Chesterton. Eugenics and Other Evils may be his most prophetic book.
Eugenics led directly to the birth control movement. All the same players were involved, such as Margaret Sanger, who was a member of the American Eugenics Society and was the editor of the Birth Control Review. The primary philosophy was trumpeted on the cover of the Birth Control Review: "More Children for the Fit. Less for the Unfit." She made it clear whom she considered unfit:. "Hebrews, Slavs, Catholics, and Negroes." She set up her Birth Control clinics only in their neighborhoods. She openly advocated the idea that such people should apply for official permission to have babies "as immigrants have to apply for visas."
Why don't we hear of this connection between Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, and Eugenics?
Two words: Adolf Hitler. He officially instituted Eugenics, leading an entire country in carrying out its principles, not only to breed what he believed to be a superior race but to eliminate everyone whom he considered to be inferior. Where did Hitler find early support for his Eugenic ideas? From Margaret Sanger and her circle. Eugenic Scientists from Nazi Germany wrote articles for Sanger's Birth Control Review, and members of Sanger's American Birth Control League visited Nazi Germany, sat in on sessions of the Supreme Eugenics Court, and returned with glowing reports of how the Sterilization Law was "weeding out the worst strains in the Germanic stock in a scientific and truly humanitarian way."
After World War II, when the world learned of the horrors of the Holocaust and the death camps, the term Eugenics was utterly discredited. Margaret Sanger was quick to distance herself from Eugenics and began to emphasize Birth Control as supposedly a feminist issue. We don't hear about Eugenics at all any more.
But unfortunately, the philosophy behind Eugenics is with us still. Generally speaking, all of the original arguments in favor of Eugenics have become the same arguments in favor of birth control, abortion, euthanasia, and even cloning.
Chesterton understood this. But he understood it in 1910 (which is when he started writing this book, which was not published till 1922). As with so many other things, Chesterton saw exactly what we see. Only he saw it long before it happened.
Eugenics, like abortion, bases all its benefits on denying an entire class of humans their humanity. With eugenics it was the "unfit," which usually meant the poor, the weak, or simply the ethnic-types who were just having too many children. With abortion, there is a perceived benefit to someone by eliminating the weakest and most defenseless of humans: the unborn. As Chesterton says with chilling accuracy: "They seek his life in order to take it away."
Eugenics and abortion is about the tyranny of the elite deciding who shall live and who shall die. And if it's about the elite, it's about money. It was the Rockefellers and the Carnegies and other capitalist lords who funded eugenics research in the early 20th century. They went on to be major supporters of Planned Parenthood. Chesterton says that wealth, and the social science supported by wealth tries inhuman experiments, and when they fail, they try even more inhuman experiments. They are inhuman because they are godless. But they are godless because they don't want to face how inhuman they are. The wealthy industrialist became agnostic, says Chesterton, "not so much because he did not know where he was, as because he wanted to forget. Many of the rich took to scepticism exactly as the poor took to drink; because it was a way out."
Eugenics is also about the tyranny of science. Forget the tired old argument about religion persecuting science. Chesterton points out the obvious fact that in the modern world, it is the quite the other way around.
The thing that really is trying to tyrannize through government is Science. The thing that really does use the secular arm is Science. And the creed that really is levying tithes and capturing schools, the creed that really is enforced by fine and imprisonment, the creed that really is proclaimed not in sermons but in statutes, and spread not by pilgrims but by policemen – that creed is the great but disputed system of thought which began with Evolution and has ended in Eugenics. Materialism is really our established Church; for the Government will really help it to persecute its heretics.
Chesterton says the problem with official science is that it steadily becomes more official while it becomes less scientific. "The man in the street," he says, "must be wholly at the mercy of an academic priesthood." If people who care about traditional truths attempt to object to eugenics or birth control or cloning, they are barraged with what Chesterton calls "the same stuffy science, the same bullying bureaucracy, and the same terrorism by tenth-rate professors."
[Note: A recent edition of Eugenics and Other Evils from Inkling Books, reveals this "terrorism by tenth-rate professors." Editor Michael Perry has added articles and excerpts from Francis Galton, from the American Eugenics Association, from the Birth Control Review and other proponents of Eugenics. The early writers reveal their atrocious ideas, the later writers recognize Chesterton's book as an obstacle to their implementing their ideas.]
Click here to purchase a copy of Eugenics and Other Evils.
Chestertonian Apologetics


This stop can be tricky at first because of one of those crazy Eastside intersections, but once you see the big, white box truck you'll be good to go. We are in the small parking lot on the West side of the intersection of Coventry/Scarborough/Fairmount. The easiest way in is to turn from either Coventry or Fairmount onto Scarborough (if you're headed North, turn left, if headed South, turn right) and you should see the truck up against the trees on the North side of the lot. Please enter the parking lot slowly and watch for other customers, children, and other cars.
Tremont (Saturday, 10am – 2pm) is the last stop of the week. To go back to the main page of all our Winter Stops, click here.


Belianske Tatras offer visitors all year round many recreational activities suitable for everyone, from professionals to seniors and families with children. Skiing and mountain hiking in the High and Belianske Tatras prevails, but in addition to them there are also other recreational activities like mountain biking, rafting and so on.
The Belianska Cave in the Tatranska kotlina is only 8 km away from our Cottage and is among the most visited show caves in Slovakia. Except for bizarre rocky shapes, it is known by rich occurrence of calcite fills.
In the near vicinity (25 km) is the largest golf resort in Slovakia called Black Stork with 27 holes.
In addition to water recreation, there are other things to do like playing tennis (tennis courts in Bachledova dolina) – only 4 km from our Cottage.
Lovers of adrenaline and fun will enjoy playing paintball directly in Ždiar - 5 km from our Cottage.
River Dunajec, about 50 km from our Cottage is ideal for rafting. Less experienced will enjoy river raft trip on traditional wooden Goral rafts through the largest natural canyon in Central Europe. The embarking port is located at the start in cerveny Klastor by the Pltnik B&B. The route is 11 km long, through the entire canyon, ending in the district of Lesnica. We offer our guests 20% discount from the ticket price.
For lovers of mountain biking resort Bachledova dolina offers newly built Bikepark (3,5 km from our Cottage). A downhill track with the length of 1700 m and superelevation of 250 m is built here. It is designed for experienced cyclists and racers but it is possible to avoid all demanding spots and obstacles. For the upcoming season they plan to complete the free-ride track. Besides, in the surroundings of the bike park, about 130 km of mountain cycling tracks have been marked where beginners and occasional cyclists, as well as experienced cross-country and all-mountain riders will come to their own.
Since the distance from Ždiar to Polish border is 12 km, there is located Morskie Oko (1395,4 msl.)- the largest Tatras mountain lake in Polish Tatras. Area 34.93 ha, depth of 50.8 m. Lake is of glacial origin.
High Tatras offer countless hiking trails, also suitable for less experienced hikers. For more information about hiking and hiking trails follow here.


MANCHESTER, England -- U.S. goalkeeper Hope Solo celebrated her 31st birthday Monday while defending and explaining her reasons for her celebrated Twitter rant about American women's soccer legend and NBC Olympics commentator Brandi Chastain.
Colombian forward Lady Andrade, on the other hand, never had an opportunity to defend herself. She was slapped with a two-game suspension by the FIFA disciplinary committee for her ill-advised punch that left U.S. striker Abby Wambach with a black eye in the 4-2 Olympic win Saturday.
That means Andrade won't play against France in the Group G finale here Tuesday and in the quarterfinals if the South Americans advance that far. Wambach claimed Andrade had "sucker punched" her and called for a sanction although the United States did not file a formal complaint (the United States also had no comment on FIFA's decision).
Solo, however, is expected to start for Team USA (2-0-0, six points) against North Korea (1-1-0, three), which needs a draw to advance to the knockout round. A tie or win would give the Americans the group title and avoid a possible quarterfinal confrontation with Women's World Cup champion Japan.
Solo did not back down from any of her tweets made Saturday, when she ripped Chastain for being critical of U.S. defender Rachel Buehler.
Speaking to the media for the first time since her tweets after a walk-through at Old Trafford, the site of Tuesday's match, Solo said: "It's not about what made me unhappy. It's not about one game. I have my beliefs that the best commentators and the best analysts should . . . bring energy and excitement and passion to the game and a lot of knowledge, and at some point need to help build the game, and I don't think Brandi has that."
When pressed about whether she had spoken to Chastain since the incident or was surprised by the publicity surrounding her tweets, the usually loquacious Solo refused to elaborate.
"Again it's my opinion and nothing else really matters, to be honest," she said. "What matters is [Tuesday's] game, playing at Old Trafford. The team's excited. It's my birthday. I don't care to answer any more questions about Brandi."
Midfielder Shannon Boxx, who injured her right quad against France, will sit out her second consecutive match.
"We will not take any risks," coach Pia Sundhage said. "Hopefully, she will be available for the quarterfinal."
Solo won't be disciplined for tweetsHope Solo met with the coach and captains of the U.S. women's soccer team Sunday to discuss her latest outburst of candor, a Twitter rant that did no good for the image of the squad and distracted from preparations for the upcoming game against North Korea in the Olympic tournament. Hope Solo rails against Brandi ChastainU.S. goaltender Hope Solo went on a Twitter rant against former player Brandi Chastain on ... Wambach gets black eye, goal in U.S. winAfter getting sucker punched, striker Abby Wambach came back with a counter punch of her own - a goal and a win.


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All Game Boy Models In Order & Why They Were Special
Welcome to the RetroDodo list of all Game Boy models in order & why they were special. A subject I would say I am quite qualified for.
I have become a serious Game Boy nerd since going all-in with the console while living in Japan in 2020.
I wouldn't consider myself an expert, but in any average room of people, I would for sure be "the guy".
And I have gotten quite familiar with the consoles, inside and out, and have modified over 50 in my time as an enthusiast and "modder".
I'm someone who even makes a point to always spell it "Game Boy"… two words… as Nintendo specified.
And my hands-on experience has given me the knowledge of each unique iteration and why they were different and special in the lineup of my absolute favorite game console series of all time.
(Also Brandon's number one on his list of the Best Retro Games Consoles.)
So let's take a look at all Game Boy models in order… and find out why they were special.
Game Boy (1989)
Game Boy Pocket (1996)
Game Boy Light (1998)
Game Boy Color (1998)
Game Boy Advance (2001)
Game Boy Advance SP (2003)
Game Boy Micro (2005)
The future of the Game Boy
Photo Credit: instagram.com/the_dpad_dad
The very first Game Boy console, also known as the "Dot Matrix Game" (DMG-01), was first released in Japan on April 21, 1989.
The Game Boy was designed by legendary engineer Gunpei Yokoi of the Nintendo R&D1 team.
Gunpei Yokoi is someone you need to know about, if you do not already.
He invented the directional d-pad, designed the Game & Watch consoles, Game Boy, Virtual Boy, WonderSwan, Tamagotchi, as well as producing the original titles in the Metroid and Kid Icarus franchises.
I mean, a freakin legend.
But I digress. Back to the Game Boy…
Like many Nintendo products in gaming history, the development team did not necessarily get overly excited about new flashy technology. Instead, focusing on tech that could stand the test of time and use.
Implementing a custom 8-bit Sharp LR35902 GPU based on the Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80, a 2.6 inch monochromatic STN LCD display (with its iconic "pea green" tint) with no backlighting, all powered on four AA batteries for up to thirty hours of game play.
The specs used ensured that Nintendo could offer a product that was durable, could be played for hours upon hours, and could be priced lower than the competition.
And boy, did they sell… in fact, it is still the second highest selling portable game console of all time (sales numbers were grouped with the Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Color, for some reason), second only to Nintendo's DS series.
The console was home to some of the most iconic video games of all time, including Tetris, Super Mario Land, Kirby's Dream Land, Pokemon Red/Blue, and The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening. All some of my favorite games.
Take a look at our list of the 35 Best Gameboy Games Of All Time.
So what made the original Game Boy so special (if it were not already made clear by the above)?
Well, this should be an obvious one… but it was special because it was the first in the series.
But besides being the first, it also proved that portable gaming consoles could be a successful product for youth and adult markets worldwide.
The Game Boy was arguably the first portable game console to really pop and reach the masses.
Everybody (including my grandma) knew what a Game Boy was. In fact, if you flash any gaming device around my grandparents, they will call it a Game Boy.
While future consoles on our list of all Game Boy models will show the massive improvements that Nintendo will eventually make to the series… it was the DMG that set the stage.
Photo Credit: instagram.com/alfonapplepie
Following the giant success of the Game Boy console, Nintendo officially launched its successor the Game Boy Pocket on July 21, 1996.
The Game Boy Pocket was a smaller, lighter version of the original model.
Besides the obvious changes to the size and form factor, one of the most recognizable changes was the change to the consoles screen… now a true black, white and grey. And most of the ghosting effect of the previous model were also eliminated in these new screens.
Sadly, no backlighting yet.
So what makes the Game Boy Pocket so special?
Well, in my humble opinion.. it is the most beautiful Game Boy console ever created.
It is the perfect shape, perfect size, and just flawless in its physical form. If I had to vote for one portable game console as the "best ever", I would pick the black Game Boy Pocket.
While contemporary Game Boy modders have complaints about the power system, it is easy to forget… Nintendo designed a console that performed flawlessly with the power it needed.
Nintendo never anticipated that 20-25 years later us weirdos would be trying to shove an IPS cell phone screen in these consoles. In fact, I'm quite positive Nintendo wouldn't want us doing a single modification to their consoles.
What made the Game Boy Pocket so special at the time of its release was that we now had a truly pocketable game console that could play all of the same wonderful games powered only with two AAA batteries.
The original Game Boy feels chunky, hefty, beefy. The Game Boy Pocket feels slim, petite, concealable.
It was a console that you could easily throw in a bag or in your pocket without feeling burdened.
Truly my favorite of all Game Boy models.
But that is not to say they did not get better after the Pocket. Because as you continue on this list of all Game Boy models in order, you will see… Nintendo truly made some massive improvements to an already incredible console.
The Game Boy Light is a special iteration in the Game Boy series, and one that is often forgotten.
You would be forgiven for maybe not even knowing about the Game Boy Light…
As its release in April 1998 was only for the Japanese market. The consoles never had official distribution outside of Japan.
It is unlikely you ever even saw one in the west back in those days. And they are still quite uncommon to find even in todays collecting community.
So what made the Game Boy Light special?
Well hopefully its name should give you some indication…
Yes, the Game Boy Light was the first Game Boy model to give us backlighting in the screen!
The Game Boy Lights design was quite similar to the Game Boy Pocket, at first glance, though it was slightly taller.
And the rear of the console had a bump to accommodate the two AA batteries that delivered roughly 12 hours with light and 20 hours without.
The consoles backlight gave off a unique turquoise color, and of course… now allowed players to game all through the night. Something games in the west had struggled with for years (using those annoying worm light accessories).
Backlighting would be a luxury we would soon lose and not see again for a few years. Which would always vex gamers.
But it is a testament to how special the Game Boy Light was in the Game Boy series.
The Game Boy Color, Nintendo's first color portable game console, was released on October 21, 1998.
The new iteration in the Game Boy series featured an entirely new exterior design that combined elements of the Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Light, while having its own identity.
Now with a color LCD screen (slightly smaller than the Game Boy Pocket screen, and no backlighting) and a unique shape that gave it a great feel in the hands of players.
Like it's predecessors, the Game Boy Color featured a custom 8-bit Sharp GPU, though the new CPU was twice as fast as that of the original Game Boy and had three times as much memory.
The Game Boy Color was backwards compatible with all previous game titles. Which means it could play the original monochrome games, and the console also could automatically assign color palettes to those games, giving them new life.
The Game Boy Color could deliver up to 10 hours of gameplay on two AA batteries.
Looking at all Game Boy models in order & why they were special, it's obvious to see why the Game Boy Color was a welcome improvement in the series.
Color portable game consoles were nothing new… they existed even when the original Game Boy console was released. So players had been hungry for a color Game Boy from day one.
And we all rejoiced when the Game Boy Color finally hit the market… giving us everything we wanted from our favorite handheld game console.
The Game Boy Color would prove to be one of the most exciting handheld game consoles of all time.. still popular to this day among gaming enthusiasts.
Are you a Game Boy Color fan? Check out our list of the 60 Best Gameboy Color Games of all time.
The Game Boy Advance was Nintendo's first 32-bit portable gaming console, released on March 21, 2001.
If you're good at your math, you may have noticed that the Game Boy series made quite a significant jump in bit size from the Game Boy Color to the Game Boy Advance.
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System home console was a 16-bit system… So that means the Game Boy Advance doubled the processing capabilities of the home console and quadrupled that of the Game Boy Color.
I'm not quite sure how the math actually works out in that respect, but it definitely proved to be a significant technological jump for portable game consoles.
The console features both a new 32-bit ARM7TDMI CPU and the original Sharp LR35902 to make the console fully backwards compatible with the previous generation of game titles.
The console could accept the new smaller game cartridges, as well as the previous generation cartridges.
Nintendo placed a tiny switch inside the game cart slot to swap functionality based on the type of game used.
Nintendo also made some bold design changes in this new iteration in the Game Boy line of consoles.
The Game Boy Advanced was now a horizontal format console, speaking to the original Game & Watch design.
The horizontal format being preferable to many gamers. Check out this Game Boy DMG Advance we recently covered.
But where the Game & Watch and the previous Game Boy models would be designed by Gunpei Yokoi, Nintendo now leaned on the design talents of French designer Gwénaël Nicolas of the design studio Curiosity.
The new design was intended to be more modern and softer in visual appearance.
The console now featured two shoulder buttons, as well as a wider format color TFT screen.
And the new system delivered about fifteen hours of game play on two AA batteries, an improvement from the previous iteration.
What made the Game Boy Advance so special was in its new aesthetic approach and the giant leap in capabilities for games.
The console was now capable of gameplay comparable to home consoles. And it was truly impressive for portable gamers at that time.
Gameplay felt significantly smoother, more dynamic, and the sound & graphics were insanely improved from the Game Boy Color.
Just take a look at the titles on our list of the Best Gameboy Advance (GBA) Games if you need any further convincing. Yeah, "gameboy" as one word there 😉
Over 80 million units of the Game Boy Advance were sold in its lifespan and it proved to be an incredibly significant step in the progress of the series.
The next revision to the Game Boy series would come in the form of the Game Boy Advance SP, released on February 14, 2003.
The Game Boy Advance SP was a revision to the Game Boy Advanced, taking all of the same game performance and putting it in an entirely new form factor.
Nintendo wanted to give gamers a more pocketable format by reducing the horizontal dimensions.
Through its new clamshell design, the console could be closed and placed in a bag or pocket without concern of damaging the screen or buttons.
The console featured the same ARM7TDMI CPU of the previous iteration, so the performance was exactly the same.
But Nintendo did make some significant upgrades to the console, making it truly "Special".
The first, and maybe most significant improvement is that the SP was the next Game Boy to bring back a built in lighting solution. The first iteration of the SP featured a frontlit screen, and the second featured a backlit screen.
This was probably the most requested feature in the Game Boy series, and a luxury only ever seen in the short-lived Japan only Game Boy Light.
The new console design also featured a new rechargeable lithium ion battery.
So no more trips to the convenience store to grab more AA batteries… you could plug the console into the wall for a few hours, and jump back into game play.
The Game Boy Advance SP could reach nearly 10 hours of play with the backlight on, and 18 hours with it off.
The "SP" in the name literally stands for "Special"… and many gamers do consider the new iteration of the Game Boy exactly that.
This console holds a special place in the hearts of many gamers as their number one console design, and there are a ton of custom SPs in the modding community.
It is considered by many to be the pinnacle of the Game Boy series, and is typically considered to be the last (the next on our list is another often forgotten entry).
At the very least, you could say that the SP was incredibly unique, and also an obvious precursor for what would eventually become Nintendo's best selling console, the Nintendo DS.
The Game Boy Micro was first released on September 13, 2005, and is (as the many suggests) a compact iteration of the Game Boy Advance.
Looking at the entire timeline of the Game Boy series, we can roughly break it into three chapters: The monochrome consoles, the color console, and the advance consoles.
The Game Boy Micro would be the finale of both the advance series as well as the Game Boy series as a whole.
The Micro was a unique console that was created with portability and minimization at the forefront of its design.
Everything about the console was reduced to bare-bones to result in the most compact form factor possible.
The Micro shed most of its internal parts necessary for backwards compatibility with the 8-bit generation games.
But what does remain is the same 32-bit game capability, a backlit screen, a lithium ion rechargeable battery,
What made the Game Boy Micro so special, besides it's ultra portable form factor, was its unique exterior that was made entirely of metal, and the new concept of interchangeable face plates.
Like the Game Boy Light, the Game Boy Micro is a lesser known of the console series, and also one that did not quite meet sales expectations.
It came at a time when the SP was still wildly popular, and the incoming DS was the center of the spotlight.
I personally do not believe we will ever see a new Game Boy come to market.
The Nintendo DS surely could have been called the "Game Boy DS" and kept the name alive.
And as Nintendo's current console is a home/handheld hybrid.. and is quickly rising on the list of best selling game consoles of all time, I do not imagine they will decide to resurrect the "Game Boy" namesake.
So while concepts like the Nintendo Flex sound exciting, surely the "Switch" brand is going to be Nintendo's focus for the foreseeable future.
I also could not see Nintendo ever producing new game titles and physical cartridges for the Game Boy.
We may possibly get a Game Boy Mini type release, which would be some sort of emulation handheld officially produced by Nintendo that comes prepackaged with some of their first party titles that they still retain rights to produce.
And I absolutely see Nintendo eventually releasing a Game Boy and Game Boy Advanced arm of their online subscription service.
But there are thousands of gamers out there who are as excited (if not more) about the Game Boy as I am.
And I believe it will be through the efforts of collectors and enthusiasts like myself that will keep the Game Boy legacy alive and well for years to come.
Anthony has been a video game lover ever since he can remember. He became a fulltime nomad in 2018, living throughout most of Asia. He focused his passion in retro gaming and began creating a game for the Game Boy Color while living in Nara, Japan during the 2020 pandemic. He is now in Chiang Mai, Thailand, where he spends most of his time gaming, going on long walks and meeting as many stray dogs as possible.
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I found this quick and easy way to make a pillow case over at Lazy Girl blog. Lazy Girl has some great FREE tutorials. I've made some of their bags and they really are easy.
Have you started thinking of all the pillow cases you can make? Have fun!
My DH started feeding the rabbits after a major fire destroyed so much vegatation. As you can see the rabbits are becoming very tame.
A new pillowcase for me.
This is a busy week for me as I am getting ready to go to KY to see my kids. However, I am trying to squeeze in some sewing.
Make lining for red yo-yo bag, I'm thinking hearts.
Finish Nikolas's pillowcase with his name on it.
Worked on a denim bag today. Put red yo-yo's on it and hopefully tomorrow I will get the lining put in.
^^ January block for Strolling the Block. I thought it turned out pretty cute. I've started February's block.
Made 2 jungle pillowcases last week, I'm just a little slow taking pics lately.
Started the day off making 2 jungle pillowcases, one for Nikolas and one for his friend Jesse. Appli-quilted Jan's block, started Feb's block and did the free motion quilting on Dec and Jan's block. Yay me. Pics tomorrow.
My grandson will be 1 in a couple of weeks so I made him a birthday cake pillowcase.
This is a wallhanging for my grandson's playmate.
Yesterday using the black double sided fabric I made a bag that is too large for a purse. I still have lots of that fabric left so I'm thinking I will make a bag that is purse size and I will have enough for a make-up bag.
I also made 6 pillowcases for my grandson and 6 for his little playmate.
No photos today. I will get that done today.
The following fabric will be used for pillowcases for my grandson and his little playmate.
On the blue fabric I'm going to applique' the child's name on the pillowcase.
I loved this bear fabric. Nikolas carries his bear with him everywhere, so this fabric was appropriate.
I chose the jungle fabric for Jesse, he loves giraffes. I tried hard to find fabric that just had giraffes. I think I'm going to have to search the internet for that.
The fabric above and below is two-sided fabric that I will use to make reversible bags.