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The Macedonian Hazard: Chapter One
Last updated: Friday, November 13, 2020 06:31 EST
Queen of the Sea, Forward Radio Room
November 2, 320 BCE
The radio printer clacked and Joshua Varner jerked in his office chair. He couldn't get used to it. The Queen had arrived in this time equipped with top of the line laser printers, and they still had them. But to keep that happy state as long as possible, they had, over the past year, built printers, using chips from anything they could scavenge. Dot matrix printers, which were slow and noisy. The radios sent digitally. That meant they could send anything from picture to voice to text, but text used the least bandwidth, and so was the most common. He was from the twenty-first century and here he was in the fourth century BCE, using mid-twentieth century tech to receive what amounted to radio teletype from Rome about the senate's response to Antigonus holding Babylon against Attalus.
He rotated in his chair and scooted over to the printer. The roll of paper was held on the rubber cylinder with a serrated blade. He tore off the sheet. It was locally made rag paper. The words were in Latin and Joshua couldn't read Latin. But the address was clear. He folded it, sealed it with wax and a stamp made by the machine shop, then called a new hire. "Delivery for the Romans. Titus Venturis Calvinus."
Titus took the sheet from the messenger and gave him a ship people dollar as a tip. Once the door to his cabin was closed, he used a fingernail to pop the wax seal and opened the letter.
He sat at the small desk in his room and read.
From the Office of the Consuls
Rome will take no action regarding the conflict of the diadochi.
Make no promises to either side.
"Any side, they should say," Titus muttered.
You will endeavor to obtain the designs for an electrical battery.
"A battery of cannons would be easier."Titus tossed the cable on the desk and picked up the phone. "Who do I see about a battery?" he muttered to himself again. Then, making up his mind, dialed a number.
When the phone was answered, he said, "Capot, I have some scoop for you and I need a favor."
"What sort of a favor?"
"Rome wants batteries. The electrical kind. Who do you know and what are your suggestions?"
"Hm," Capot Barca said, and Titus could imagine him playing with his fancy beard. "I think lead acid is probably your best bet. I'll have some names for you by lunch. Meanwhile, I'm going to send Carthage Rome's plans, once you give me the scoop."
Two hours later, Capot lay on his bed and read the Carthaginian response to his message. It was longer and more detailed, but amounted to much the same thing Titus got from Rome. The people back home were confident that with Alexander dead and the generals fighting each other, Carthage remained safe.
Then Capot got to the next section.
Do all in your power to prevent the Romans from seeing the work going on in the military harbor. In this history, Carthage will not wait for the Romans to sow our city with salt.
Insane, Capot thought. Rome wouldn't be a threat for another hundred years, and by that time the world would have changed beyond all recognition. Capot stopped himself. No, that wasn't right. Rome had read the butterfly book too. They would know about the three Punic wars, and would see Carthage as a threat, no matter what Carthage did or didn't do. As much as he hated the thought, the government might well be right. The effect of the butterfly book was to rush things, to push the world in decades into wars that would have happened over centuries.
Had it not been for the Queen of the Sea.
Queen of the Sea, Piraeus, port of Athens
Marie Easley looked around the conference room. Eumenes, Dag Jakobsen, and Daniel Lang were talking together, pointing at a map on the table. Eleanor Kinney, the chief purser for the ship, and Roxane and Eurydice, the queens-regent of Alexander the Great's empire, were a couple of seats away. And all the way across the room, Olympias was scowling at all and sundry. She was greatly displeased that her stock of hallucinogens and other drugs had been taken. They were under lock and key in the pharmacy. Captain Lars Floden wasn't going to let the fourth-century BCE's most famous poisoner keep her stock of poison while she was on the Queen, even if she was the mother of Alexander the Great.
For the past few days, Eumenes had attempted to get the Queen of the Sea to take a force of his soldiers around the horn of Africa, because he had two fires to put out: Cassander in Macedon, and Antigonus in Babylon.
There were radios in Rome, Carthage, Alexandria and other places around the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. But they didn't have any radios in Babylon or anywhere in the eastern stretches of empire.
Eumenes couldn't let Cassander consolidate in Macedonia, because Macedonia was the tail that wagged the dog of Alexander the Great's empire. But if Eumenes concentrated on Cassander, it would give Antigonus One-eye time to cut the empire in half. To counter that threat, he wanted to remind the eastern satraps that they weren't safe, even if Antigonus held Babylon, for the Queen of the Sea could reach them anyway.
Eumenes wasn't going to get what he wanted.
The delegates from Antigonus One-eye were lobbying just as hard against Eumenes, insisting that it was an internal matter. And, for that matter, that Attalus' attack on Antigonus in Babylon had not been an authorized action, but little more than an act of banditry. They also argued that even if the queens-regent Roxane and Eurydice were to rule against Antigonus, it was still an internal matter and for the Queen of the Sea to interfere would destroy its neutrality.
It was a good argument, as much as Marie might sympathise with Roxane and Eurydice. Lars wasn't going to let the Queen be dragged into the politics of the diadochi, Alexander the Great's surviving generals, any more than could be avoided.
Lars came in with Staff Captain Anders Dahl, and took the seat at the head of the long oval table right next to Marie's seat. Anders took the next seat over. The position of Staff Captain was analogous to that of Executive Officer on a navy ship or a cargo ship. But the way it was working out since the twenty-first-century cruise ship, Queen of the Sea, arrived in the year 321 BCE, Staff Captain was going to be the title for Executive Officer in the future and exec was going to be ignored except by dusty old scholars like Marie. Marie felt her lips twitch at the thought.
Lars gave Anders a look, and Anders said, "If everyone will be seated, we'll get started."
Eumenes, Dag, and Daniel took their seats quickly, as did Eleanor, Roxane and Eurydice as well. Olympias went around the table to take the seat opposite to Lars, as though that were the head of the table. It was an obvious powerplay, and Marie looked at Lars. Lars let it pass. Whatever the changes over the last year and a bit, Lars had been a cruise ship captain for almost ten years and an officer on a cruise ship for even longer. He was a polite man and willing to let others appear to score points . . . as long as they didn't actually interfere with the running of the Queen. That was one of the things Marie liked about Lars, even though she occasionally found herself wishing he would rip someone's head off–metaphorically speaking–when the situation required it. Lars had proven his willingness to do it literally. He had washed the decks of the Reliance in blood when pirates seized her, and used the Queen to turn a fleet of triremes into kindling.
Once everyone was in the proper place, or close enough, Lars again let Anders say it.
"I'm sorry, General Eumenes, but the Queen of the Sea can't involve itself in the internal politics of the United Satrapies and States of the Empire. Quite aside from logistical concerns, which are real and serious, we have to maintain our neutrality . . . at least officially."
"Officially?" Roxane asked, lifting a sculpted eyebrow. She very much reminded Marie of Sophia Loren. Since the arrival of the Queen, she had added golden highlights to her black hair and now wore artfully applied makeup. Roxane's lush but athletic figure was much the same as before her arrival, save perhaps a bit healthier. Roxane liked to listen to audiobooks while she worked out in the cruise ship gymnasium.
"Officially," Lars agreed. "I've been in contact with President Wiley by radio, and New America expresses a willingness to ally with the U.S.S.E. On the basis of that, we will help where we can, within the limits of our situation. That doesn't mean using the Queen very much, I'm afraid, but we should be able to supply you with some gunpowder."
"Gunpowder," Eumenes said studiously, "is a flash in the pan."
Marie Easley looked at the general in something partaking of both disgust and admiration. Disgust because the statement was patently ridiculous. Admiration because the expression "flash in the pan" was utterly unknown in 321 BCE, since it was based on a gunpowder misfire–the priming powder flashing in the pan but not igniting the charge. A bright flash, then gone with no effect. For Eumenes to use it here indicated that the man had managed to understand and internalize the concepts involved in a very short time.
"It will remain so till we get pans for it to flash in." Eumenes shook his head. "And barrels to hold the charge and shot with touch holes to transfer the fire from the pan to the charge. It's like so much of what you brought–of great potential use but needing an industry built before it can be used effectively. For now what we can build will make a great display, but no real difference. We don't have cannons and we don't have the means to make cannons in any numbers."
The Queen of the Sea was the only facility that was yet able to make the sort of cannon that were used in their time. Also the only facility that could make cannons of any sort quickly. But aside from the steam cannons on the Queen and the Reliance and some black powder cannons for Fort Plymouth, the Queen wasn't making cannons. It was making the tools to make the tools to make cannon. And most of those were made for and sold to New America. Cannons for Eumenes' army would be made by Greek craftsmen, hand-carved from bronze. Neither cheap nor fast.
"What about rockets?" Dag asked.
"A flash in the pan, as I said. Pretty fireworks, signifying nothing."
"Not necessarily," said Daniel Lang. "First, because we can make good rockets using venturi and fins to provide spin. We know how and we have the basic technology here on the Queen. We even have a stock of venturi, though a limited one. That will give you rockets almost as good as you might have found in World War I, or even World War II."
Eumenes was looking interested, but Olympias interrupted. "What is world war? The only world-spanning war was my son's. There–"
"Olympias," Roxane said, "you insisted on being here and promised to listen, not interrupt."
"I will have my say. I am Alexander's mother, and Philip's wife."
"No," said Marie, as pedantically as she could manage. "You were Alexander's mother and Philip's wife. But your Philip and your Alexander are gone. Now, Roxane is Alexander's mother and regent, and Eurydice is Philip's wife and regent. You have paid your fare, but you are simply a passenger on the Queen of the Sea. Not a ruling monarch."
Olympias stood and spoke in a version of Greek that was even more archaic than that spoken in the fourth century BCE, something that went back to Agamemnon or maybe Hercules. Assuming that there had at some point been actual men that Agamemnon and Hercules were based upon. She also waved her hands in obscure and spooky gestures.
Marie stared at her. Then, quite unable to help herself, she started to laugh.
Olympias stopped gesturing and speaking. She sat back down, not as though she had intended to, but simply as though shock left her legs unable to hold her up.
"I'm sorry," Marie said, trying to get her laughter under control. "Your error is in assuming that everyone shares your mythology. In the time we come from, essentially no one shares it. We have our own. I didn't mean to denigrate your beliefs, honestly I didn't. But the gestures you were making looked like something that a carnival fortune teller might use."
Marie snapped her mouth closed about a paragraph too late, as she finally realized just how demeaning and infuriating her response would seem to Olympias. She looked into the woman's eyes and knew that she had just made a mortal enemy.
Considering Olympias' history, mortal enemy wasn't hyperbole. Not in the least.
"To get back to the point," Anders said, "we can provide you some black powder rockets and you have the formula and techniques to make black powder."
Anders didn't sound thrilled about that last. The secret of black powder hadn't stayed a secret. It was listed in Wikipedia and by now copies of the formula were available from Venezuela to Babylon. Nor was black powder the only ship people secret that was no longer secret.
"What about cargo?" Eumenes asked.
"What do you mean?" Anders asked.
"I mean I would like to buy wheat and rye here and have it delivered to Iskenderun, so that Pharnabazus can keep the pressure on Antigonus while I go after Cassander."
"The Queen is not a cargo ship, and we have a schedule we need to get back to," Lars said before Anders could.
"Also, if we deliver fifty tons or so of provender to the Mediterranean coast when your army isn't there to protect it, it's likely not going to be there by the time your army gets there," Dag said. "You'd be better off hiring a local ship and maybe seeing if you can get a steam engine to move it. That way Pharnabazus can move his cavalry to meet the provision ship. It's still means going to Izmir first."
The discussion continued and Eumenes didn't get what he wanted, but did get considerably more than Antigonus' representatives would have approved. Arrhidaeus would be livid if he knew how much Eumenes was getting in terms of ship credit. The Queen of the Sea had a great deal of silver and gold by this time. Part of it from trading in Europe, but much of it from South America, where the locals used it as decoration. Gold was a soft, malleable metal, often with a pleasing color, and it was shiny, unlike lead. So masks and bracelets were made from it in South and Central America. The natives were happy to trade the yellow metal for steel knives on a pound for pound basis . . . at least at first.
Eumenes would be getting some of that gold, but he would also be getting a drawing account that would be recognized throughout the Mediterranean. That was half of what the radio teams that the Queen was sending about the Med were for.
"The amount in the account will be known?" Eumenes asked as he looked at the paper.
"Not unless someone gets bribed," Eleanor Kinney said. "Which could happen."
"How much is it?" Olympias asked.
Eleanor looked at Eumenes, Eumenes looked at Roxane, and so did Eurydice.
"It's a drawing account and it takes Eumenes to access it," Roxane said.
"How much is in the drawing account?" Olympias asked, not to be put off.
"That," Eurydice said coldly, "is a government matter and you are not a member of the government." She turned to Roxane. "I told you it was a mistake to let her in here."
"Please, everyone, calm down," Roxane said. But from the looks Olympias and Eurydice gave each other, it was too late.
Roxane's Suite
One Hour Later
Roxane sat on the couch and said, "That was a mistake."
"It doesn't matter." Eurydice shrugged. "You know what happened in that other history and you know how Olympias felt about Philip's mother. There is nothing I can do to keep safe from her, not as long as we are both on this ship." She glanced at Philip.
Philip and Alexander were across the room. Philip was writing out equations in a combination of Greek and ship people English notation, while little Alexander sat across from him, drawing nonsense on a small chalkboard.
Roxane leaned back. "You have decided then?"
"There was never any choice. Not once Captain Floden let that woman on the ship. I will go with Eumenes."
"I will go too," said Philip.
"No. You stay on the ship," Eurydice said, "where you'll be safe."
"If it's not safe for you, it's not safe for me."
"But the treatments!" Eurydice complained. "You're much better than before and I don't want you to lose that."
Philip considered. "I will miss the computers more. We can take the squeeze box with us and I can do maths for the army. I won't have the drugs, but the doctor says that she wants to wean me off those as soon as possible." The drugs were antianxiety drugs, basically low-dose morphine, designed to let Philip interact with the world without going into hysterics. "Besides, we can get weed if I need it. The doctor says it's been in use in Egypt for centuries and made its way to Greece as well."
Eurydice laughed because she knew perfectly well that Greek soldiers had been using cannabis for recreational purposes since they first passed through Egypt over a decade ago.
Captain's Suite, Queen of the Sea
"I don't trust that woman," Lars Floden said to Marie Easley as they sat on his couch.
"I know. And I shouldn't have laughed." Marie took a sip of wine. "But she looked ridiculous."
"I don't disagree, but that doesn't change the fact that we have a mass murderess on board."
By now word had reached them about the sack of Amphipolis and what Olympias had done. It fit together all too well with her previous reputation. Whether she had used drugs, magic, or the power of suggestion, her slaves and servants had run amok and died to the last man, all the while setting the city on fire even before Cassander breached the walls.
"Mass murderers are not uncommon in this time, Lars," Marie said. "I think I've mentioned that before. In fact, I'm almost sure I have."
"It may have come up in the occasional offhand comment," Lars agreed. Then muttered, "About a million times."
"The problem is, Lars, that you too are a mass murderer now. Remember the steam guns turned on the Reliance and running over the galleys in Alexandria harbor?"
"That was war–" Lars stopped.
"Yes, it was. And you were right to do it, in both cases. But by Olympias' standards, she was right too."
"Oh, nonsense," Lars said. "I'm as willing to accept cultural differences as the next screaming liberal, but drugging your slaves to go on a rampage is not the same thing as shooting people who are engaged in an act of piracy."
"No, it's not. Not to you and not to me. But to Olympias, it was simply a tactical maneuver to cover her escape and the slaves were collateral damage." Marie held up the wine glass in a "wait" gesture. "I'm not justifying it, or approving of it, or excusing it. None of those things. All I am saying is that it's the way most of the people we are going to be dealing with think, here and in Trinidad. All around the world. And just calling someone like Olympias a nut job is not nearly precise enough. And that will lead us into tactical errors in dealing with her and the others like her."
"So what am I missing?"
"She is an incredibly smart nut job. One who has survived a snake pit for decades by being the most venomous snake in the pit. The question is: can she adapt to a world that isn't all a snake pit? If she can, she could be very useful. And even if she can't, she has connections and alliances enough that killing her would be incredibly dangerous. Not to mention wrong in the same way her poisoning all those people was wrong."
"She hates you now. I want you to promise me that you'll be careful around her." Lars hugged Marie tightly. "I don't want to be without you."
"Oh, I will. I think I'll see about borrowing one of Roxane's Silver Shields."
Queen of the Sea, Port of Izmir/Smyrna
Nursery in Roxane's Suite
Dawn, November 5, 320 BCE
Eumenes reached down and tickled his son Sardisius in his crib. "Daddy has to go away for awhile, but you get to stay on the ship with the ship people and learn their magic. And you will have baby Alexander to play with and all the other children. Not bad for the grandson of a wagoneer. Grow well, my son, grow strong."
Then, not letting himself cry, Eumenes turned away and went to board the lifeboat, now used as a ship's boat, that would take him to shore.
Eumenes, Eurydice, Philip, a small company of personal guards, and the radio crew boarded the ship's boat for the trip into shore. The bay of Izmir was not nearly deep enough for the Queen to navigate safely.
It took only five minutes for the boat to get to the dock, but an hour to unload. Erica Mirzadeh was supervising the unloading with the help of several Silver Shields, the veteran elite infantry of Alexander's army. With them was another ship person named Tacaran Bayot. Tacaran was five foot seven, thin faced, with a goatee and curly black hair, black eyes, and skin that fell between olive and light brown. He had straight white teeth and an engaging smile. He wore khaki pants with pockets on the sides of the legs and a khaki shirt with big button-down pockets, all of which were full. There was the radio system and the generator to charge the batteries that ran it. The system was owned by the ship people, but assigned to Eumenes' army under the direct control of Erica.
However, the rest belonged to Eumenes. Five hundred steel crossbows and a thousand venturi. They would build the rockets later, on the road, using designs worked out on the Queen. They would also be making black powder, which wasn't a mystery to Eumenes anymore. They could do ninety percent of making goods that the ship people made, but the ten percent they couldn't was often the crucial ten percent. Like the venturi, which needed to be an exact shape and of good metal. But the rest of the black powder rocket was well within their means. They could use rocks or small cast iron shards for the shrapnel. They knew sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal, and they knew now how to mix them. They could make the rockets from light wood turned on a lathe. So far they were pedal-powered lathes, but they were still lathes. They had designs for steam-powered lathes, as well, although they hadn't been able to make any yet.
The thing that increasingly bothered Eumenes was that even now Ptolemy's agents on the Queen were getting ready to give him the same knowledge, and the Carthaginians would have it in another week, if they didn't have it already. Even the barbarous Romans would have it soon. It wouldn't be long before Cassander and Antigonus got hold of it. Likely as not, Ptolemy would sell it to them.
Warfare was about to change in this part of the world and all their experience as generals was going to be almost useless. Sometimes worse than useless. A phalanx of Greek hoplites facing a rocket barrage was dead meat. At least, that's what Daniel Lang said, and Eumenes didn't doubt him.
Suddenly, Eumenes felt a smile twitch his lips. That was all true, but Antigonus wouldn't believe it any more than he would believe that a wagoneer's son could be an effective general. Antigonus knew what he knew, and even if he realized that tactics had to change–which was by no means certain–that didn't mean that he would be able to change himself.
Eumenes' smile died as his mind turned to Cassander. Cassander was no general, but he was smart and had a flexible mind, and that might well be more important in this new sort of warfare than personal courage.
Finally the unloading was finished, and another ship's boat pulled in and started unloading supplies and equipment. The Queen would be heading for Alexandria as soon as the boats were back aboard.
Queen of the Sea, Alexandria Harbor
November 10, 320 BCE
Ptolemy sat in the Royal Lounge, reading the constitution of the United Satrapies and States of the Empire. The USSE constitution was interesting, and it was going to require him to reconsider his options. He looked up at Thaïs and waved the document. "What do you think?"
Thaïs tilted her head in a gesture that Ptolemy knew well. It wasn't quite a nod nor a head shake. Thaïs wasn't sure or, more exactly, liked part of it and disliked other parts. "What do you like about it?"
"It's a good framework," Thaïs said. "For the most part, it will leave you as ruler of Egypt and give you a level of legitimacy that even the agreements at Babylon didn't."
"And what part of it do you dislike?"
"You are probably going to have to give back Syria, Israel and Judea. And you may well be called on to contribute troops to Eumenes. If the constitution is valid, so is the appointment of Eumenes as strategos for the empire."
"Frankly, that bothers me less than giving up Syria. I bought that territory with good silver and quite a lot of it. What bothers me isn't the specific of having to send troops to Eumenes. It's the general principle of placing the defense of the realm under the over government that they establish."
"Federal government," Thaïs said, using a ship people word. "You will be able to appoint a representative to the upper house, the one they are calling the House of States."
"What about the elections?"
"That's mostly ship people influence, but the Greek city states piled on in a hurry. Especially Athens. Representation will be allocated by population and elected by the citizenry. That includes free women as well as all free men, no matter their wealth. But not slaves. We went round and round on that and I am not sure we made the right choice. The compromise that we finally agreed on was that slaves didn't count for representatives. Not even war captives, much less two-footed livestock. That at least encourages manumission in order to increase a state's or satrapy's representatives, in the House of the People."
Thaïs used the Greek words. The world of fourth century BCE had lots of types of slaves and each had their own word, most of which didn't translate to twenty-first century English. Not directly. They had words for chattel, slaves, serfs, and war captives–who were in some ways more like chattel, but had higher status.
Ptolemy looked at his long-time lover and–given the new situation–possible future wife, with a sardonic lift of an eyebrow. He knew her background. Born a slave, she'd been sold to a school for hetaera as a child and then required to work off her debt. She had every reason in the world to dislike the institution of slavery. But at the same time, she had managed to go from slave to only one short step down from a queen through her abilities. "What do you really think? Are the ship people right about slavery?"
Thaïs stood up and walked to the window, then turned back to face him. "No, but they will be."
"The way the world is now, we couldn't survive the abolition of slavery. There isn't enough wealth to pay all the freed slaves for their labor and with everyone weeding their own garden, we would fall into barbarism. But that's right now. It will change as the ship people's machines magnify the productivity of individual workers. In a hundred years, perhaps less, they will be right about slavery. We need to be ready for that day, or our children and grandchildren will live in a world even more soaked in blood than this one."
"So, do you think I should sign it? Commit to this new nation?"
"No." Thaïs frowned. "Not yet. Don't commit either way. See how Eumenes does against Cassander, at least. Perhaps even wait to see how he does against Antigonus and the eastern satraps. Don't tie yourself to this new ship of state until you know whether it will float. Stay neutral as long as you can."
Ptolemy nodded. One of the things he liked best about Thaïs was that she gave good advice. Even when it wasn't entirely in her best interest. "You're right, as usual, my very dear. And I have missed you."
When the Queen of the Sea left again, it would leave Thaïs and the children here.
"I do want to send someone to keep an eye on the ship people. Who do you recommend? I considered Dinocrates or Crates or one of the fellows of the library, but I am concerned that they will be seduced by ship people knowledge."
"It's not just the ship people on the Queen of the Sea that matter. We need relations with New America too. You would be shocked at how much they accomplished in a year and I suspect they are just getting started. We will be able to buy impossible devices from them soon." She paused a moment in thought. "The Queen will visit New America regularly and we will have the radio to keep in contact so perhaps we only need one watcher. Menelaus?" Thaïs voice made the name a question. She wasn't fond of Ptolemy's little brother and aide.
Ptolemy grinned at her. "It will get him out of the palace, but he's not going to like giving up his slaves."
"My heart bleeds for him," Thaïs said, using a ship people expression directly translated into Greek.
224-226 12th Street, Fort Plymouth, New America
Crack! The sound jerked Daoud Khoury around. He looked at the red hot door of the furnace. He moved up and, using a long, heavy wooden pole, opened the small door. Holding up his hand, he tried to look into the fire. He couldn't. It was much too bright to see anything, and it made him feel like his eyeballs were going to boil.
He went back to the table and got the tinted glasses from the Queen of the Sea and looked again. The cracking sound was what he was afraid of. The crucible was cracked, and the molten iron was pouring down into the bottom of the furnace.
Quickly he went to the shutoff valve and shut the oil feed. It took five minutes for the fire to go out and an hour for the furnace to cool to merely scorching hot.
Cool enough for him, using tongs, to lift out what was left of the crucible. It took another day for the furnace to cool enough for him and his crew of locals to remove bricks to make an opening to pry out the melted iron. Then it was brick the whole thing up and start over with a new crucible, as his money got lower and lower and he got deeper and deeper in debt to the Bank of New America.
It didn't help that he couldn't keep a trained crew. The locals came and worked long enough to get the money to buy what they wanted. Then they went back home. Some few locals stayed, but far more of them just wanted what they wanted, then back to their own ways. Daoud couldn't really blame them, either. He'd give anything on this Earth or another if only he could go back to his own ways. Accounting might have been boring except at tax time, but trying to make steel with primitive tools was one hell of a lot worse. He wondered when the Queen would get back. At least somewhere still had air conditioning.
ISBN: 1-9821-2510-1 Copyright © 2021 by Eric Flint, Paula Goodlett, and Gorg Huff


text:
Issue 28, Vol 1
Figure 01: Shahidul Alam, Noor Hossain Mural in Jahangirnagar University Campus, 1987, Dhaka, 40 x 26.66 inches. Photo courtesy: Drik.
The retrospective on Bangladeshi photographer-writer-curator-activist Shahidul Alam, 'Singed But Not Burnt' provided a rare opportunity to appreciate the artist's diverse oeuvre. Curated by Ina Puri and exhibited at the Kolkata Centre for Creativity from 19 June to 20 August 2022, it looked at Alam's artistic genealogy, wide-ranging creative style and visual politics in the context of the shifting terrain of contemporary lens-based practices in South Asia. The show's narrative thread flowed in an autobiographical voice interwoven with the biography of the postcolonial nation-state of Bangladesh—a land torn between democratic values and counter-democratic realities, majoritarian identity and minority rights, the exploitation of labour and efforts at social empowerment, complaisance to power and resistance against it. In bearing witness to the historical and the everyday, Alam continuously blurs the boundaries between the aesthetic, the political and the personal. Simultaneously, the retrospective showcased Alam's critique of the Global South's erasure from the history of photography and how his prominent presence in the "West" is a corrective towards decolonizing photography.
Figure 02: Shahidul Alam, Woman in Ballot Booth, 1991, Dhaka, 27 x 40 inches. Photo courtesy: Drik.
Visitors to his exhibition might have been familiar with Alam's politics of the streets, his black-and-white documentary photographs and his contributions as an institution builder through Drik, Majority World, Pathshala, and Chobi Mela. These endeavours occupied substantial sections of the show. They included Alam's much-reproduced photographs of the mural at the Jahangirnagar University campus honouring Noor Hossain, a student killed in police firing in 1987, who wrote 'let democracy be free' on his chest (Figure 01) to protest the dictatorial Ershad government, and the silhouette of a woman in a voting booth in 1991 who (in Alam's interpretation) cast her ballot to avenge Hossain's murder (Figure 02). The more unusual exhibits were Alam's early experiments with infrared photography in England and Bangladesh within the ambit of salon photography. Viewers must have been pleasantly surprised by his nude self-portrait, which recalls British cultural theorist John Berger's expose on the genre of the nude and Alam's challenge to the genre. However, what Alam calls his pictorialist "pretty pictures" appear, in hindsight, as political as his larger body of documentary works.
Figure 03: Shahidul Alam, Riksha, 2009, Dhaka, 30 x 20 inches. Photo courtesy: Drik.
Two sections in the show demand longer discussion: Crossfire and My Unseen Sister. In the former, Alam's visual language takes novel formal, chromatic and conceptual turns. Six of his constructed colour images (Figure 03), made between 2009 and 2010, were showcased, reflecting the horrors of Bangladeshi citizens killed in extrajudicial "crossfire" by the government's Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) set up in 2004. Alam realised that his well-honed monochrome documentary style would be insufficient for telling the truth about these unaccounted deaths and disappearances. As an alternative, he reconstructs the scenes with objects and stories associated with the victims. While more details on the processes of construction would help to think through his aesthetic choice, the sites, objects, composition, and dramatic light demonstrate how his act of imaging is a form of resistance when '[t]he culture of fear …has crept into Bangladeshi psyche….' Despite their formal affinities with Alam's early experimentations in pictorialism, these "constructed" images appear politically closer to his "documentary" practices, which have been his weapons of protest against state violence.
Figure 04: Introductory note to the section My Unseen Sister at 'Singed But Not Burnt' (2022). Photo courtesy: Ranu Roychoudhuri.
Figure 05: Partial view of the installation Kalpana's Mat 1–8 at 'Singed But Not Burnt' (2022). Photo courtesy: Drik.
The conceptual turn in Alam's work is at its finest in My Unseen Sister, which resides at the intersection of politics, aesthetics and technology. 'Will you return Kalpana?' This was the polemical ending to the ode introducing the section, unintentionally displayed as if it was signage to a seemingly missing artwork (Figure 04). The blank space between the section title and the printed words underneath mimicked the absence of protagonist Kalpana Chakma, who went 'missing', leaving behind only ephemeral physical traces. Hailing from an ethnic minority community, the Bangladeshi rights defender was allegedly abducted from her home by the army before the general elections of 1996, and never returned. What remains are Alam's photographic traces of Chakma's left-behind shoe and a book on Lenin from her bookshelf. This absent presence is also palpable in Kalpana's Mat 1-8 (2015), an installation with photo portraits of eight human-rights activists, laser-etched on straw mats, and accompanied by a 2-minute 40-second video loop of a tree bark filtered through fluorescence microscopic cell imaging (Figure 05) to augment Chakma's narrative trace. My Unseen Sister comes as a jolt to viewers as they try to grasp the historical context of her disappearance and object-images that reduced her to their constitutive elements. Indeed, the "optical unconscious" in the video poignantly unearths the information apparently missing in photographs addressing a missing individual. Human and natural histories collapse in Alam's commentary on state violence perpetrated on the intertwined lives of ethnic minorities and the natural environment. This is foregrounded in the 40 x 27 inch print of Kaptai Lake (2015) as a site of marginalisation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the homeland of the Chakma and other ethnic and linguistic minorities. The accompanying text reminded viewers of how the artificial lake inundated the tropical rainforest and the palace of a tribal king. Together the mats, the video, and the photograph of Kaptai, hauntingly demonstrated Alam's lifelong commitment to voicing "truth to power."
Figure 06: Screen grab from a previous iteration of the video available on https://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/images/7977573.0007.203- 00000008.mov
'Singed But Not Burnt', Solo show of Shahidul Alam, Curated by Ina Puri, Emami Art, Kolkata, 19 June–20 August, 2022.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Palleteries utilizes unique production technologies, which enable us to offer pallet manufacturers different size dimensional timber from the widespread coniferous materials, as well as the less frequently used deciduous trees.
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Deciduous trees are not too widespread among the large sawmill companies – they require considerable volumes of work and produce a large amount of shavings. Nevertheless, we have adjusted our production site and production processes to our client's needs, to further provide manufacturers with a continually high-quality dimensional timber for pallets made of deciduous trees, which for the most part is exported to European countries.


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Castle near Barcelona in San Cugat del Valles – Reference DE113
Wonderful 16th century castle for sale near Barcelona in Sant Cugat located in a peaceful and private setting. Ten minutes to the city centre of Sant Cugat and just 20 minutes to Barcelona City. Orginally constructed in the 12th Century, it was re-built 4 centuries later and still has the impressive original carved ceilings. The estate includes 2,700m2 of lawns and gardens and 80 hectares of woodland, some of which were originally vineyards.
From the tower, there are panoramic views of the Pyrenees.
Distributed on 3 levels:
Ground floor: 2 staff/guest apartments with 2 or 3 bedrooms each, wine cellar, storage rooms, laundry room, machinery rooms and space for further living accomodation
First floor: large reception rooms, long hallway, cloakroom, kitchen, dining room, 6 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, spiral staircase up to the tower with study and 3 further rooms. This floor also houses a games room and private terrace
Second floor: 8 rooms suitable for conversion
Building in excellent structural condition.
Located in Sant Cugat behind Tibidabo. Only 20 minutes from the city of Barcelona and 10 minutes from Sant Cugat centre, the train station and motorway.
Address San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, España
City San Cugat del Vallés
Updated on December 22, 2020 at 5:22 pm
Price: 3.500.000€
Property Type: CASTLES AND PALACES
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On January 18-20, 2019, the University of Ottawa Department of Physics, located in the heart of downtown Ottawa, hosted the 6th annual CCUWiP. The conference was mainly held in the newly-built STEM building on campus. The U. of Ottawa physics department hosts world experts in photonics, condensed matter, and biophysics — some of whom conducted lab tours.
A copy of the 2019 CCUWiP program is available here.
Use the links at the left to see other archived material from the 2019 conference.


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is a passenger railway station in the city of Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Higashi-Kiyokawa Station is served by the 32.2 km Kururi Line from  to , and lies 6.1 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Kisarazu.

Station layout
The station consists of one side platform serving a single bidirectional track. The station is unattended.

History
The station opened on October 2, 1978, as a temporary stop on the Japanese National Railways (JNR) Kururi Line. It was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, and elevated to full station status at the same time.
In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 48 passengers daily.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 86 passengers daily.]

Surrounding area

 Obitsu River

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1978
Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture
Kururi Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Kisarazu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The International Journal of Psychology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of psychology. It was established in 1966 by Paul Fraisse, and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Union of Psychological Science. The editor-in-chief is Abigail H. Gewirtz (University of Minnesota).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed by:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.198.

References

External links

Publications established in 1966
Psychology journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals


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Top Summer Concerts in Upstate
June 18, 2020 admin Featured Stories, Top Features 0
Yes, despite the coronavirus, several great concerts are scheduled to happen this season
By Deborah Jeanne Sergeant
ATTENTION PLEASE: While COVID-19 may have canceled a number of concerts planned for this season (Santana and Earth, Wind & Fire, for example), you still have plenty of top concerts to attend, regardless of your preferred genre. The following concerts were confirmed to take place as of early June. Make sure to call or check the website before you head out to attend them.
Sept 19-20 — Lake George. Lake George Jazz Weekend hosts numerous contemporary jazz performers. Check the website for the complete schedule for the free festival. Shepard Park, Canada Street. www.lakegeorge.com/annual-events/jazz-festival. 518-668-2616.
Oct. 2 — Rochester. Rochester International Jazz Festival boasts 1,750 top jazz performers among 21 stages throughout the city. The complete schedule is on the website. http://rochesterjazz.com. 585-454-2060.
Oct. 7 — Charlotte. Big Band Dance Series hosts Andy Stobie and the Finger Lakes Jazz Orchestra, beginning at 7:05 p.m. Roger Robach Community Center, Ontario Beach Park, Lake Avenue and Beach Avenue. www.facebook.com/21mcparks. 585-865-3320.
Oct. 23 — Buffalo. Art of Jazz. Grammy award-winning vocalist Catherine Russell performs at 8 p.m. Kleinhans Music Hall, 3 Symphony Circle. https://kleinhansbuffalo.org. 716-885-5000.
July 3 — Darien Center. Canadian rockers Nickelback bring their All the Right Reasons Tour to New York at Darien Lake. 6:30 p.m. Darien Lake Performing Arts Center, 9993 Alleghany Road. www.sixflags.com/darienlake/special-events/concert.
Aug. 21 — Batavia. Motley Crue vocalist Vince Neil performs, along with Savage Cabbage and The Time Britt Band. 5:30 p.m. Batavia Downs Gaming and Hotel, 8315 Park Road. www.bataviadownsgaming.com.
Aug. 22 — Waterloo. Johnny Rivers. Grammy Award-winning rocker Johnny Rivers has 17 Gold records and more than 30 million records sold performs in concert. 8 p.m. The Vine at Del Lago Resort, 1133 state Route 414. https://dellagoresort.com. 315-946-1695.
Aug. 29 — Darien Center. Matchbox Twenty 2020 performs with The Wallflowers. Darien Lake Performing Arts Center, 9993 Alleghany Road. www.sixflags.com/darienlake/special-events/concert.
Aug. 31 — Canandaigua. Kiss's End of the Road World Tour: The Final Tour Ever comes to Upstate, performing with David Lee Roth. 7:30 p.m. Constellation Brands–Marvin Sands Performing Arts Center: CMAC, 3355 Marvin Sands Dr. www.cmacevents.com. 585-394-4400.
Bluegrass/Fiddling
July 23 — Sodus. The 12th Annual Brantling Bluegrass Festival includes The Rebekah Long Band, Mountain Highway, Williamson Branch, Barn Floor Goovers, Remington Ryde, the Kevin Prater Band, Beartracks, Mike & Mary Robinson, Gone Fishin' and Linabelle. The complete schedule is online. 4015 Fish Farm Road. www.brantlingbluegrass.com.
Aug. 15-16 — Mumford. The Fiddler's Fair includes more than 100 musicians on five stages for a weekend of non-stop fiddling, from folk to jazz fusion, French-Canadian traditions to Irish, and bluegrass to rock. Times and admission on website. Genesee Country Village and Museum, 1410 Flint Hill Road. www.gcv.org. 585-538-6822.
Show Tunes
Aug.13 — Clayton. Jeremy Stolle of Phantom of the Opera performs. He is a recording artist and concert singer currently in the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera and he recently, he starred in the new Disney theatricals pre-Broadway production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame. 7:30 p.m. Clayton Opera House, 403 Riverside Dr. www.claytonoperahouse.com. 315-686-2200.
Fall for New York State


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Local newsLatest Politics News
APC Senators Fight Over Senate Leadership
4 years ago 418 views by Beth Hart
The crisis in the All Progressives Congress continues, with yesterday's meeting of the party Senate caucus in the National Assembly having ended in near fisticuffs over Senate leadership positions.
According to Vanguard, Bukola Saraki, the Senate president, had previously announced that the meeting scheduled for 2pm should be attended by all APC senators.
Saraki called for unity and urged his colleagues to remain focused and determined. A source disclosed that Saraki's position was that the senators should follow the convention of allowing the zones to produce the leaders apportioned to them.
Pandemonium started about 30 minutes later when Senator Ahmed Lawan reportedly sauntered into the hearing room. His supporters announced that they must follow the dictates of the party which they claimed had already pencilled in names for all the positions.
In the course of the meeting a list supposedly arrived from the APC national chairman John Odigie-Oyegun, stating the position of the party which it was claimed had been sent to the office of the Senate president.
According to the list Lawan was earmarked the Senate leader, George Akume as deputy leader, Olusola Adeyeye as chief whip and Abu Ibrahim as deputy chief whip.
Senators supporting different groups were involved in a serious war of words, with their colleagues having to intervene before the situation degenerated (the news continues below, see the video in the end of the article).
Senator Hunkuyi said:
"The issue of leadership of the chamber that belongs to the group of the APC, cannot be decided here. It is common reasoning and common sense. We have a leadership for the party. The leadership of the party, that is, the APC still reigns supreme to decide the four positions of leadership, where it should go and who shall have it. An attempt here to do otherwise is the cause of this rancour.
"Simply put, the cause of the rancour is an attempt by the leadership that has emerged, in otherwise fishy circumstances to again force their will on the majority of the Senators of the APC."
READ ALSO: Photos: Unemployed Youths flood National Assembly
Senator Ibrahim Danbaba part expressed outrage over the development referring to what had been agreed on during the Monday meeting:
"He (Hunkuyi) didn't get to know what has been said and the arrangements that were made and agreement that was reached. We all agreed that we will go and meet in caucuses, that is to say the Deputy Majority Leader of the Senate has been zoned to North-East, Deputy Majority Leader zoned to North-West and the Chief Whip zoned to South-West and then the Deputy Chief Whip is zoned to South-South.
"That was where we were when these people came in and suddenly when they came in, they said no, it is the party secretariat that is going to decide who takes the position. And of course, they were making it very obvious that the party leadership is on the side of what we believe now is extinct, that is, the Unity Forum."
APC Latest News8Th National Assembly Nigeria


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Hammerberg ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Auerbach in der Oberpfalz im bayerischen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach. Die Einöde liegt etwa drei km nordwestlich der Stadt.

Geschichte
Der Ort war ein Stiftungsgut des Klosters Michelfeld, das 1119 als Hademudeperge genannt wird. Um 1150 schenkte Konrad von Hammerberg dem Kloster ein Gut. Auf der ältesten Flurkarte von Auerbach aus dem Jahr 1581 erscheint das Anwesen als Hungerburg bzw. als Hungerberg;  die Baulichkeiten entsprechen bereits den heutigen Gebäuden.

Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts erwarb Josef Preininger das Anwesen und führte 1850 eine Generalsanierung des Wohnhauses durch. Der nächste Besitzer war Johann Preininger. Die Hungerburg wurde wegen des hier betriebenen Eisenerzabbaus zu Hammerberg. 1911 erwarb das Anwesen Erwin Preininger und in der Folge dessen Nachkommen (Familie Scholz); sie bewirtschafteten das Gut als Landwirtschaft. 1982 erwarb die Hofstelle Georg Baumann aus Auerbach. Die Gebäude des Hammergutes sind zunehmend dem Verfall ausgesetzt. 2006 kauften Katja Brendel und Alexander Lippert das Gut und begannen mit der Sanierung der Gebäude. 2010 wurde eine Pferdepension errichtet. Die denkmalgeschützte Hofanlage (Akten Nr. D-3-71-113-76) besteht aus einem Wohnstallhaus, einem zweigeschossiger Massivbau mit Satteldach, einem Kleintierhaus, einem eingeschossigen Bruchsteinbau mit Satteldach und einem Backhaus.

→ Liste der Baudenkmäler in Hammerberg

Hammerberg gehörte bis 1946 zur Gemeinde Steinamwasser, danach zur Gemeinde Michelfeld. Durch die Gemeindegebietsreform wurde Michelfeld zum 1. Mai 1978 in die Stadt Auerbach eingegliedert.

Weblinks
 Karl Heinz Schmid: Bilder von Hammerberg, abgerufen am 10. September 2020

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Auerbach in der Oberpfalz)
Ort im Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach
Ortsteil in Deutschland
Einzelsiedlung


Stabilit, leader in the production and sale of plastic sheets, has committed for over 55 years to customer satisfaction. By constantly improving its manufacturing process and complete product assortment of tailor-made solutions, it has established itself as an international industry leader.
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Every month I am planning on summarising what I have done in the last 30 odd days that have helped me work towards achieving my 2019 goals. It's half about accountability and half about keeping track of the month and making sure that I am still making positive strides forwards.
January has been mainly health related. I've started making little changes to my lifestyle in order to make my goals more achievable. I don't want to feel like I'm constantly depriving myself or that achieving what I want to by the end of the year has been a massive chore. I plan on enjoying my year as much as possible – I have just booked our first family holiday and we have travel plans for April and November. I'm really looking forward to facing February head on and achieving some measurable goals – specifically weight related.
But right now, here are 5 things that I did during January that, in one way or another, have contributed towards me achieving my 2019 goals.
I haven't started any fad diets, no Slimming World and no liquid meals. Just good old fashioned healthy eating and ensuring the portion sizes are smaller. I can't lie, it hasn't always been easy. For the first two weeks I did find myself feeling pretty hungry around 10pm and wanting to reach for a little late night snack. Fortunately for me, incorporating a healthier diet into my lifestyle hasn't been difficult as we meal plan and cook all our meals from scratch. The changes have mostly involved eating less, ensuring that I eat a good amount of protein each day and making wiser snack choices. I have lost some weight and at first I was pretty happy about this. But then I loaded up Facebook to find that someone who joined Slimming World a week before had lost the same amount of weight that I had lost all month, in just one week. I feel pretty disheartened despite people reassuring me that I'm doing well and that some people lose weight more easily than others.
2. Omega-3 fish oil supplements.
Throughout January I was also taking Omega-3 fish oil supplements. As a vegetarian (or not, now?) I really struggle to get enough Omega-3 fatty acids into my body. After doing some research, I was genuinely stunned by how much those 3 acids that we hear about so often contribute to our body and overall health. Omega-3 acids can even help with mental health! I'm definitely going to continue to take fish oil as not only is it good for the inside, it has also made my hair super shiny and my skin is better than ever.
3. Changing the way I drink.
I've been drinking water almost exclusively. Occasionally I've had a glass of squash, but that has mostly been during the evening or when I have had a sore throat and craved something with a bit of flavour. I've also cut sugar out of my coffees! When I was pregnant with Oscar, cutting coffee out of my life was the dietary change I struggled with and I'm not so keen to cut coffee out of my life again. I am happy to cut the sugar though and I have adapted to life without a spoonful of sugar in my coffee remarkably quickly.
4. Diet changes mean saving money.
Fortuitously, eating more healthily and reducing portion sizes has actually meant that our food shopping cost has decreased slightly. Things that we were eating and drinking, such as lots of cheese, squash and alcohol are now limited in our meal plan, if they're even on it at all. We've also stopped buying snacks like crisps and biscuits, instead replacing them with supermarket own versions of Ryvita and rice cakes.
329538 if you choose to sign up). Sadly, as Christmas loomed near, I dropped the ball a little bit and matched betting was forgotten about for most of the month. Last week I loaded everything up again, checked my balance in my exchange accounts and shifted some bits around. Now I'm back on the bandwagon and hoping to place some bigger bets and bring in some more money.
I've made other changes too, but I think these are the most notable ones. The money saving and 'looking after my body' seem to cross over, which is helpful!
Have you done anything this month that has helped you work towards your 2019 end goal? Let me know in the comments! Also, if you happen to know any amazingly tasty vegetarian recipes that are healthy and relatively cheap to make, hit me up.
Well done on sticking to your goals. Portion sizes really do help, my sister in law started plating her dinner on a smaller plate so she was still eating things she loved.
I hope to stick to my goals too, I am trying to eat more healthily and drink more water. My biggest vice is Diet Coke, I drink way too much every day. A habit that I need to kick!
I need to cut out the rubbish in my diet. I am so bad with evening snacks, i cant bear to go to bed hungry but i think i will have too until my stomach gets used to not eating so late. I have cut sugar out of my tea but i can not drink coffee without sugar no matter how hard i try!
Keep going with your healthy eating, I think it's a good way to maintain losing weight long term and it just becomes normal to eat like you are.
I'm on board with the eating and drinking better for sure. What an inspiring post to keep going forward with our goals.
One thing I have always done is review my goals monthly as this keeps me accountable and an easy way to track my progress. We have almost similar goals.
Becca Talbot recently posted…How to make money to fund your travels.


text:
Nature Reserve
© Kt Bruce
Discovery Centre >
Plan your visit >
We welcome all our visitors and work hard to make sure our facilities are accessible to everyone. If there is anything we can do to support you during your visit, please don't hesitate to let us know.
The nature reserve and birdwatching hides are open at all times, along a network of footpaths - these are shown on our reserve map page. Rye Harbour Nature Reserve is an ideal place for visitors with limited mobility because the ground is level and some footpaths have a good surface. There is a private road that runs through the Beach Reserve that is good for wheelchairs. On this route are two fully accessible hides and two with access for mobility scooters and some wheelchairs.
The Discovery Centre is open 10am-4pm and is accessible for wheelchair users - there is an access ramp into the centre and the exhibition, café and shop are all on one level. Accessible toilet facilities are available.
There is a large car park at Rye Harbour that is run by Icklesham Parish Council, who ask for a donation to fund this and the adjacent toilets. These toilets have facilities for disabled visitors who have a RADAR key (available from your local council). In the car park, there is a kiosk with information and routes displayed on the outside.
The Discovery Centre, which is run by staff and volunteers, is located 450m down the main access road. It is fully accessible and there are accessible toilets within it. It is open every day 10am-4pm, and has a shop and cafe, as well as lots of information about the special wildlife on the reserve.
From the Rye Harbour village car park, a private, tarmac road leads down to the River Mouth for some 1200 metres. Along this route there are regular (approx.100m.) refuges with seating for you to stop and rest.
The Discovery Centre is the first building you come to about 450m from the car park - here you can find out the latest wildlife sightings and information about the reserve as a whole . You can continue to the Beach Reserve hides for close views of breeding seabirds, ducks and waders and much, much more. Or you can take the longer route to Castle Water for good views of ducks, Cormorant, Marsh Harrier and Bittern.
Birdwatching Hides
Beach Reserve
John Gooders Hide (700m from car park) - fully accessible.
Guy Crittall Hide (2200m from car park) - fully accessible.
Ray Parkes Hide (2200m from car park) - accessible to electric wheelchairs and scooters and some manual wheelchairs (loose stones along path).
Steve Denny Hide (2200m from car park) - accessible to electric wheelchairs and scooters and some manual wheelchairs (loose stones along path).
Castle Water
Ken Halpin Hide – in dry weather accessible to electric wheelchairs and scooters; path but very challenging for manual wheelchairs.
Click here for the full footpath map on our reserve map page.
The Beach Reserve with its long tarmac road is particularly suitable for buggies and wheelchairs. Electric and some manual wheelchair users can get around the short circular route that takes in the Discovery Centre, River Mouth and the Gooders, Parkes and Denny Hides.
On the map below the
Red paths = easy paths for wheelchairs all year.
Dark blue paths = easy paths BUT DO NOT use when the lorry convoys are running (mid-week for a few winter months)
Lime green paths = moderately difficult routes for manual wheelchairs with some uneven and loose surface, but OK for most mobility scooters.
WARNING – the private road is used by some large vehicles, especially mid-week during the winter, so please use the refuges along the road to give them plenty of room to pass.
ViewRanger Walking Route
This digital guide takes you on a circular tour of the nature reserve starting at Rye Station.
Download Rye Harbour Ramble
Exploring the wider countryside
The Rye Bay countryside area has a wealth of footpaths to explore, with most being fairly easy going. The area is mostly covered by the Ordnance Survey Explorer 125 map.
For the more adventurous, several long-distance footpaths pass close by, including the 1066 Country Walk, the Saxon Shore Way, the High Weald Landscape Trail, the Sussex Border Path and the Royal Military Canal Path. Click here for more details.
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Keep up to date with the latest developments.
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Tag Archives: pacific soul ltd.
New on Pure Pop Radio: Caper Clowns, McPherson Grant, Kurt Baker Combo, Pacific Soul Ltd., and More
Spins and Reviews | 11.16.16 | by Alan Haber
per Clowns | The Buca Bus Odense is the third-largest city in Denmark, which is important should you or I be traveling to that country with the desire to visit its largest cities. Another reason to visit Odense would be to soak up the atmosphere that undoubtedly inspired this talented quartet to craft this wonderful melodic pop collection. The highlights are too numerous to mention in toto, but here are a few favorites: "A Tale of Romance and Magnetic Trains," a pure pop delight of the toe-tapping variety; "Mirror Me," an uptempo driver which wouldn't be out of place on a Deacon Blue album; "Sleeping on the Edge of the Rainbow," a beautiful burst of charming balladry, and "The Significance of Teacups," wholly McCartney-esque (and ELO-esque with a Brian May-type guitar solo)–an earworm that simply won't let go. Lovely melodies and harmonies and, well, everything, await your ears. Take a well-deserved bow, Rick Kingo, Peter Højgaard, Christian Højgaard and Skipper Storm; you've made one of this year's most assured collections of musical treasures.
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio: Nearly the entire album: "Pockets," "A Tale of Romance and Magnetic Trains," "All We Ever Do is Run," "The Significance of Teacups," "Sleeping on the Edge of the Rainbow," "A Forest of Letters," "Mirror Me," "Dressed in Flaws," "When I'm Alive," and "Lizard Heart"
When and Where to Get It: iTunes, imusic Amazon UK (mp3 download). Listen on Spotify
McPherson Grant | "Big Picture People" Hot off the presses and just emerged from the so-top-secret-you-need-two-passwords-to-get-in laboratory where magic, naturally, sprouts eternal, comes "Big Picture People," maybe the catchiest earworm yet from the dynamic duo of Scott McPherson and Jamie Grant. With a determined piano opening topped with percussion effects that manages to sweetly recall two Paul McCartney tunes–"Tomorrow" and "Silly Love Songs"–this is the catchy thing of the moment. The lyrics incorporate allusions to McPherson Grant's song titles and, with tongue planted firmly in cheek, point to the not-actually-nailed-down release date for their forthcoming album ("The melodies slay/Release date delayed/It's such a bummer").
Surprising, lively, catchy, and clever (check out the slightly psychedelic/vaudevillian bridge), you won't be able to get this song out of your head.
As a special treat, click on the audio transport thingy that follows to hear me discuss this song with Scott, and hear "Big Picture People" in its entirety. Meanwhile, look forward to the forthcoming McPherson Grant album, coming real soon. I know I will.
https://purepopradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/scott-mcpherson-mcpherson-grants-big-picture-people-website-interview-11-15-16.mp3
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio
When and Where to Get It: Look for "Big Picture People" to appear on the forthcoming McPherson Grant album
Kurt Baker Combo | In Orbit His combo at his side, bashing out a wicked run of hard-charging riffs and tunes, Kurt Baker is back with his rocking rhythm guitar and committed Elvis Costello-vibing vocals. The results are, as you would expect and, furthermore, require, breathless and immediate, from the seventies Bad Company-by-way-of-Raspberries "Baby's Gone Bad" to the very Katrina and the Waves bopper, "Rusty Nail." Co-produced in Spain by Kurt and Jorge Colldan, and released on Little Steven Van Zandt's Wicked Cool Records, In Orbit is a pop and roll dream come true.
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio: "Baby's Gone Bad," "Modern Day Rock 'n' Roll," and "Rusty Nail"
When and Where to Get It: Kool Kat Musik, Amazon, iTunes
Pacific Soul Ltd. | The Dance Divine Kind of a melting pot of sounds, incorporating pop, soul, and everything seventies, this trio, bringing together the talents of Cockeyed Ghoster Adam Marsland, Teresa Cowles, who, by the way, played legendary bassist Carol Kaye in the Brian Wilson biopic Love and Mercy, and recording artist Norman Kelsey. The "Sugar, Sugar" vibe of the Cowles-sung "We Go High" sits alongside the dance romp "Sunset Golden Love" and the Box Tops-y rocker "Pacific Soul Time"on an album that not only makes you feel the groove, it practically turns it on its catchy head.
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio: "Pacific Soul Time," "Road Trip," "Sunset Golden Love," "Tomorrow Brings Tonight," and "We Go High"
When and Where to Get It: Karma Frog Records
Rob Martinez | New Love Environment Pure, catchy pop crafted in Reseda, California at Adam Marsland's Karma Frog Studios. Albuquerque, New Mexico popster Martinez works through tasty nuggets that promote replayability and will undoubtedly put smiles on the faces of listeners. There are many highlights, but pushing for the top spot is "Love Life," a musical love letter to the Partridge Family. Sweet.
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio: "Hangin' On the Line," Hard to Take," "Love Life," "and "When She Comes to Town," another Partridge in the pop tree
TUNS | TUNS What happens when Sloan's Chris Murphy, Super Friendz and Flashing Light's Matt Murphy, and the Inbreds' Mike O'Neill trio it up and let loose their pop smarts? Pop and roll ensues on a driving collection of snappy, upbeat songs that burrow into your subconscious. Top-flight collection bodes well for future releases.
Now playing in rotation on Pure Pop Radio: "Back Among Friends," "Lonely Life," "Mind Your Manners," and "I Can't Wait Forever"
When and Where to Get It: Amazon, Kool Kat Musik, iTunes
Posted by Alan Haber's Pure Pop Radio. Categories: New on Pure Pop Radio. Tags: alan haber, caper clowns, kurt baker combo, mcpherson grant, New on Pure Pop Radio, pacific soul ltd., pure pop radio, reviews, rob martinez, streamlicensing, TUNS. Leave a comment


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M E N U C L O S E
Most recent post:
Website Update and Brand Refresh
As we head into a new year and a new decade, we're launching a refresh of our brand, as well as a new website to better serve our clients. We hope you'll find answers to your questions here, and plenty of inspiration while exploring some of our most exciting past work.
When we founded Avondale out of a small Halifax office in 1991, we couldn't have known how fast that little three-person company would grow. But looking back, it's no surprise — if one thing has been consistent in the past 30 years, it's that we've never stood still for long.
Just a few years after founding, we expanded to Moncton, and then to Saint John, adding new staff, specialties and skillsets along the way.
Today, with more than 100 expert construction professionals throughout Atlantic Canada, we serve both the biggest and smallest clients. What connects them all is our approach: combining reliability, tradition and innovation while building meaningful client relationships.
Call (902) 876 1818 Send email
Tilt-Up Concrete
Small Jobs & Service Work
© 2020–2022 Avondale Construction Ltd.


Our city's full of train tracks, rail yards, and the sound of the freight train's whistle and clunk. This simple child's raglan sweater uses garter stitch tracks on the yoke to evoke the magic and power in the music of the rails. Knit from the bottom up in the round, this design uses written instructions, and a schematic. The sweater is completely reversible. If the kid spills on the front…turn it around. It requires virtually no sewing at the end, just weaving in ends and joining up the underarm stitches.
This pattern requires the knitter to increase, decrease, and knit some magic into the train tracks.
Sizing: Please measure the wearer's chest size and plan for plenty of ease. This is meant to be a relaxed fit…kids grow fast.


While the scenarios above are the most common, there are actually far more where cases can be expunged. Defendants that are convicted of dozens of common misdemeanors may actually have the ability to clear their state criminal record thanks to the Justice Reinvestment Act. Eligibility does not begin until 10 years after the defendant has satisfied all the conditions of the sentence, but this is still a major policy shift. Defendants with old criminal convictions for crimes such as drug possession, theft, disorderly intoxication, violation of a peace order, certain fraud and bad check crimes, prostitution and numerous different business, professional and commercial violations may now be able to clear their records. Second degree assault convictions are also potentially eligible to be expunged, though the wait time is 15 years for cases that are domestically related.
The expungement laws continue to evolve, and if you have a question as to your eligibility feel free to contact Maryland defense attorney Benjamin Herbst anytime for a free consultation at 410-207-2598. Benjamin handles all criminal cases, minor and serious traffic infractions, peace and protective orders and civil code violations in state and federal court.


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Democrats await decision on whether immigration can be in Build Back Better
By Daniella Diaz and Priscilla Alvarez, CNN
Democrats in the Senate have for the third time tried to use a technical procedure to try to include immigration provisions in President Joe Biden's Build Back Better Act, putting everything on the line for what could be the last attempt to try to pass some sort of overhaul of the nation's immigration laws before the new year.
The Senate parliamentarian considered arguments from Democratic and Republican aides Wednesday morning on whether immigration provisions could be included in a massive tax and spending bill that would expand the nation's social safety net.
The process the parliamentarian is taking is known as a "Byrd bath" — named after former Democratic Sen. Robert Byrd of West Virginia, who came up with the rule to stop either side from abusing the reconciliation process.
The process would decide whether Democrats would succeed in passing a form of legalization for undocumented immigrants, a priority for the Biden administration. Elizabeth MacDonough's role as the Senate parliamentarian means she advises the chamber on how its rules, protocols and precedents should be applied as Democrats and the White House figure out what they can include in the massive tax and spending bill known as the Build Back Better Act.
The bill would be passed using a process called budget reconciliation, meaning the bill could pass with a simple majority of 51 votes and not require 60 votes to overcome a filibuster. Reconciliation, however, has a strict set of rules, and provisions have to undergo a review of whether they have an impact on the budget and not just an "incidental" one.
In recent months, Democratic lawmakers worked feverishly behind the scenes to include immigration in the massive economic bill. The proposed immigration provisions would be historic if passed, but the provisions would only provide temporary reprieve to undocumented immigrants, not a pathway to citizenship like Democrats had hoped for.
A source familiar with the arguments from Democratic aides in favor of the provisions told CNN that because this is their third meeting with the parliamentarian, they have taken the criticism she's provided for their more detailed immigration provisions and applied that to Plan "C", or their third argument for immigration provisions that was in the House version of the bill.
The House version of the economic bill includes language that would provide temporary protection from deportation and work permits to undocumented immigrants who entered the US prior to January 2011 and meet a certain set of criteria. About 6.5 million people would qualify, according to an analysis by the Congressional Budget Office.
Overhauling the nation's immigration laws has dogged Congress for decades — and with a slim majority, Democrats seized on reconciliation as a path forward. But that too has been an uphill climb.
"The work permits and deportation protections in the BBB legislation will benefit millions of immigrants who are Americans in all but paperwork and have stepped up for all of us during COVID and kept us fed, kept us safe, and kept our economy moving," said Douglas Rivlin, a spokesman for America's Voice, in a statement this week.
Language passed in the House doesn't guarantee passage in the Senate where the parliamentarian has already rejected two immigration proposals, though immigration advocates argue the administration could still notch a victory and slim down the proposal based on the parliamentarian's feedback.
Democratic aides say they don't believe this is the last chance for them to get some sort of immigration provisions if the Senate parliamentarian rules against this third attempt, but the clock is ticking considering Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has repeatedly said he wants the bill to pass by the Christmas holiday.
"The immigration permits proposal was specifically designed to fit within the budget reconciliation rules. Senate Democrats may need to make adjustments to certain provisions that do not have an explicit budgetary impact based on her feedback but that would not impact the essence of the proposal," Kerri Talbot, deputy executive director at the Immigration Hub, told reporters Wednesday.
Talbot said another "Byrd bath" is expected in the event that adjustments have to be made to the Democrats' immigration plan, stressing that it's a process.
"The final details matter but we're confident immigration relief will be included in Build Back Better," Talbot said.


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Lescola eleàtica va ser una escola de filosofia que existí sobretot el  anomenada així perquè va néixer i es va desenvolupar a la ciutat d'Èlea, a la Magna Grècia. El seu fundador sembla haver estat Xenòfanes de Colofó, i el seu principal membre molt possiblement fou Parmènides, si bé també tingué com a membres l'històricament conegut Zenó d'Èlea, i l'almirant Melís de Samos. Entre els filòsofs del  i V aC que estigueren influïts per les seves teories, es troben, per exemple, Sòcrates, Euclides de Mègara, Demòcrit, Empèdocles i, sobretot, Plató. Les teories de l'escola d'Èlea possiblement es desenvoluparen en contraposició a Heraclit, contemporani d'aquesta escola. Va ser de gran influència a l'escola de Mègara.

L'escola d'Èlea fou de les primeres dins la tradició occidental a defensar, almenys en el pla filosòfic, teories metafísiques. Malgrat que Heràclit suggerís lleugerament la metafísica en els seus escrits (sobretot en la seva particular afirmació del Logos), els eleàtics contradiuen a Heraclit en el sentit que afirmen la unitat i la immutabilitat de l'Ésser, en contra de la teoria heraclitea, que afirma precisament la pluralitat i el canvi constant de l'Ésser.

Quasi sense dubte, l'escrit més important de l'escola d'Èlea (han perdurat més aviat pocs) és el poema de Parmènides, conservat parcialment. No obstant això, s'ha conservat també algun escrit de cadascun dels altres tres membres d'aquesta escola, sobretot per fonts indirectes.

En certa manera, la unitat de l'Ésser era, en aquells temps, una gran novetat filosòfica. La frase emblema de la Unitat de l'Ésser era "l'ésser és, el no ésser no és".

També els quatre membres d'aquesta escola intenten esbrinar la relació entre ésser (immutable) i semblar (canvi, aparença), i entre pensament (vertadera realitat) i realitat física material (aparença i ficció). També Parmènides i l'escola d'Elea contraposen la veritat de la unitat de l'ésser amb "la ficció de les opinions dels mortals"; efectivament, segons les opinions dels homes les coses canvien, en contra de "la veritat" de l'ésser, que no canvia mai, ni en l'espai ni en el temps, quedant-se sempre paralitzat en l'eternitat; tant, que emocionalment "no pot ni sofrir ni sentir pena".

Malgrat tot, el més profund desenvolupament (i futures innovacions) de l'escola d'Elea no es troba en els seus mateixos membres, sinó en els pensadors que recolliren la seva influència, ja sigui en un "desenvolupament científic" de les seves idees (Demòcrit), en un desenvolupament metafísic i ontològic (Plató, escola socràtica major) o fins i tot en la creació d'una ètica principalment individualista, física i pragmàtica (Euclides de Mègara, escoles socràtiques, escola socràtica menor).

Referències

Filosofia de l'edat antiga
Vèlia


Closely based on an Israeli series, BeTipul, In Treatment is an HBO series featuring Gabriel Byrne as Paul, a therapist in the Washington DC area. There are nine weeks, with five sessions shown per week. The clients are Laura, a young doctor, Alex, a fighter pilot, Sophie, a talented teenage gymnast, and Jake and Amy, a couple deciding whether to have an abortion. The final meeting of the week is with Gina, Paul's therapist. We also occasionally see Paul's wife and children before and after sessions, and his wife attends some of the sessions with Gina. Each episode is about 24 minutes long.
The acting is strong and the writing is superb. The dramatic form means that a 50 minute session is portrayed in less than half that time, and the clients we see are chosen to give a variety of problems. They are also more eloquent that most people are in therapy. So it is not a very realistic representation of therapy on a minute-by-minute basis, but it is emotionally convincing.
Along the way we see Paul confronting several ethical problems. He is attracted to one of his patients, and she wants him to admit it, but he is very reluctant to do so. At many points, his clients ask him what they should do, and he always says he cannot tell them, but can only help them come to their own decision. We also see Paul's own extreme fallibility and distorted perceptions of his interactions with his wife, and his inability to cope with similar problems as his patients have, and one can wonder whether he is in a position to help others. Quite often he wonders whether he helps his patients.
The DVD has no extras, which is disappointing. However, having the DVD is worthwhile since it enables one to watch episodes several times. This is especially rewarding because one can see what is going on in people's faces and body language which is not expressed in the content of their sentences, and it helps one to see the clues that therapists must use in order to know what is going on with their clients.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In the past, web design focused primarily around optimising a site for desktop users. This trend peaked in the days before the rise of mobile really began to take hold. Nowadays, it is seen by many as an outdated way of approaching web development.
This isn't to say that desktop is no longer relevant, oh no. For many businesses, the majority of traffic comes via desktop still, meaning that the platform still plays an important role when it comes to web design. Despite this, Google is confident that mobile web usage will continue to rise. Have a look at your own analytics over the last few months, and we're sure you will agree that mobile use is on the rise in a big way.
Welcome to the age of mobile – and Google's long-awaited mobile first update.
Having been in the pipeline for quite a while, it is only recently that people really began to sit up and pay attention to the upcoming mobile first update. Google is notoriously secretive when it comes to releasing new updates, preferring to roll out changes in secret rather than giving businesses and digital agencies prior warning. While this approach works well for Google, it has historically been the cause of some major issues for small businesses and big-name corporations alike.
Although we don't know an exact date of implementation, on paper, the mobile first update is straightforward. Once the new index is applied, the search engine will assess websites according to the mobile version of their websites, updating listings accordingly. In short, if your mobile site isn't up to scratch, you may simply disappear overnight.
So, why are they doing this? The shift towards increased mobile consumption is the primary driving force behind the update. Google wants its rankings to benefit sites which work well on both desktop and mobile, benefiting the user in every way.
This means that creating a high-quality, user-friendly mobile site is more important now than it ever has been.
Wondering whether the update will affect your business? Google's updates are rolled out across the board, meaning that household names are just as likely to be affected as start-ups. Let us say that one more time, for clarity: this update, much like Panda, will affect all websites.
However, things aren't all bad!
Google is well aware that many businesses have previously neglected the mobile versions of their sites in favour of dabbling with apps or creating an all-singing, all-dancing desktop site. So, while there are many rumours circulating about mobile first, we all know that it is coming and will likely arrive soon - giving us all time to get ready!
This means that now is the perfect time to make sure that you and your website are prepared. Is your site mobile friendly? If the answer is no, take the time to make some changes and address the issue.
Mobile first needn't cause you a massive headache - there is still time! Here at i3MEDIA, we specialise in web design -both desktop and mobile - and always work to ensure that our client's mobile sites are just as strong as their main websites.
Interested in hearing more? Just drop us a line – we will be more than happy to discuss your needs with you in greater detail.


Join Personal Trainer and Fitness Instructor, Tasha Hew-Len, in a Boot Camp that will guide and encourage you with motivating, exciting, and unique exercises. During this program, Tasha will help you transform your body from head to toe through various modes of functional and intense training.
This Boot Camp is for everyone that is ready to make a real change. With a variety of exercises designed for the beginner as well as the advanced exercise enthusiast, your body and mind will be challenged.
All shapes and sizes welcome.
When Striking meets High Intensity Strength and Conditioning. This class teaches basic Kick Boxing, Muay Thai, and Western-Style Boxing skills and combinations. Striking classes include punches, kicks, knees, and elbow strikes, partner drills, and focus mitt work in addition to interval training.
Bring out the athlete in you and push your muscle strength and elevate your heart rate with Physical Concept's Strength and Conditioning classes. Think like an athlete. Train like an athlete. Be an athlete.
With the popularization of mixed martial arts through the UFC and other fight organizations, Jiu Jitsu is without a doubt one of the most effective martial arts practiced today.
At Physical Concepts, we teach children anti-bullying, self-defense, and sport concepts in a family oriented environment. Kids learn confidence as they are taught verbal, mental, and physical skills through Jiu Jitsu. Similar to kids, we teach men and women self-defense and sport fundamentals during adult classes. Think street. Train sport.
Great for Kids and Families.


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Assesses the level of cognitive ability in patients with traumatic brain injury, for disability and rehabilitation purposes.
In the text below the calculator there is more information on the score interpretation and on the original study.
The disability rating scale evaluates the status of cognitive function in patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury.
The scale, also known as the Rappaport scale, aims to reflect the effect of injury on patient's ability to perform daily activities.
DRS can also be used for monitoring recovery progress.
The answers to each of the 8 items in the scale are awarded a number of points which is then summed to obtain the final score which ranges from 0 to 29, where 0 indicates no cognitive dysfunction and 29 indicates extreme vegetative state.
The scores and their interpretations are presented in the following table.
DRS Level
1 Mild
2 - 3 Partial
4 - 6 Moderate
7 - 11 Moderately severe
12 - 16 Severe
17 - 21 Extremely severe
22 - 24 Vegetative state
25 - 29 Extreme vegetative state
1. Disability Rating Scale calculator
2. The scale explained
3. Interpreting the DRS score
Arousability, Awareness and Responsivity
Spontaneous (0 points)
To speech (1 point)
To pain (2 points)
None (3 points)
Oriented (0 points)
Confused (1 point)
Inappropriate (2 points)
Incomprehensible (3 points)
Motor response
Obeying (0 points)
Localizing (1 point)
Withdrawing (2 points)
Flexing (3 points)
Extending (4 points)
Cognitive Ability
Complete (0 points)
Partial (1 point)
Minimal (2 points)
Dependance/ Level of functioning
Completely independent (0 points)
Independent in special environment (1 point)
Mildly dependent (2 points)
Moderately dependent (3 points)
Markedly dependent (4 points)
Totally dependent (5 points)
Psychosocial Adaptability/ Employability
Not restricted (0 points)
Selected jobs (1 point)
Sheltered workshop (non-competitive) (2 points)
Not employable (3 points)
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
Full Outline Of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score
Norton Score For Pressure Ulcer Risk
The scale explained
This Disability Rating Scale (DRS) evaluates the level of disability and rehabilitation in terms of cognitive ability in patients with traumatic brain injury.
The 8-item questionnaire is also known as the Rappaport scale, after its creator. It is also a great monitoring tool for tracking rehabilitation progress.
The DRS consists of 8 items which are divided into 4 categories:
1. Arousal and awareness;
2. Cognitive ability to handle self-care functions;
3. Physical dependence upon others;
4. Psychosocial adaptability for work, housework, or school.
The following table introduces the items in the scale and the number of points awarded to each answer:
DRS item Answer choices (points)
1a. Eye opening Spontaneous (0)
To speech (1)
To pain (2)
1b. Communication Oriented (0)
Incomprehensible (3)
1c. Motor response Obeying (0)
Localizing (1)
Withdrawing (2)
Flexing (3)
2a. Feeding Complete (0)
2b. Toileting Complete (0)
2c. Grooming Complete (0)
3. Dependance/ Level of functioning Completely independent (0)
Independent in special environment (1)
Mildly dependent (2)
Moderately dependent (3)
Markedly dependent (4)
Totally dependent (5)
4. Psychosocial Adaptability/ Employability Not restricted (0)
Selected jobs (1)
Sheltered workshop (non-competitive) (2)
Not employable (3)
The model was intended as a solution to the pitfalls of the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
Its initial use was only in the rehabilitation assessment for patients with TBI in an inpatient rehabilitation setting.
Currently, the scale is used to evaluate impairment and disability in the early stages of traumatic brain injury.
The scale is also renowned for its sensitivity in tracking behavioral disability.
Subsequent studies have shown a correlation between the scores obtained in DRS and hospitalization and rehabilitation of patients with acute brain dysfunctions.
One of the limitations of the scale consists in its high reported variability and the fact that its application might require training in some cases.
The scale might also be difficult to use when assessing mild to severe functional impairment.
Interpreting the DRS score
The score provided once the evaluation is performed offers information on the level of dysfunction the patient is under at the time of rating.
It is important to note that the below levels are only a clinical guideline and patient personal factors should also be taken in consideration.
The DRS results vary between 0 and 29, where the later means extreme vegetative state.
The interpretation for each score can be found in the table below:
The DRS was created by Rappaport in 1982 as a tool that could overcome the poor precision of the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
Compared to the latter, the DRS is able to track progress of patient in time, not only straight after injury.
The application of the scale lasts below 30 minutes and in some cases, it can even be patient reported. The scale is usually applied in an inpatient rehabilitation setting.
During the initial study, the scale was completed by several independent raters for more than 88 serious head injury patients. It was found that inter-rater correlations were highly significant.
The admission DRS result was found to be significantly related to clinical outcome at 1 year after injury and significantly related to electrophysiological measures of brain dysfunction.
Rappaport M, Hall KM, Hopkins K, Belleza T, Cope DN. Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: coma to community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982; 63(3):118-23.
1. Eliason MR, Topp BW. Predictive validity of Rappaport's Disability Rating Scale in subjects with acute brain dysfunction. Phys Ther. 1984; 64(9):1357-60.
2. Ashley MJ, Persel CS, Clark MC, Krych DK. Long-term follow-up of post-acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a statistical analysis to test for stability and predictability of outcome. Brain Inj. 1997; 11(9):677-90.
Specialty: Disability
No. Of Items: 8
Abbreviation: DRS
Published On: April 18, 2017 · 10:31 AM
Last Checked: April 18, 2017
Next Review: April 18, 2023


Single Family Lot - Glenwood Springs, CO Build your dream home! This 3.88 acre lot has it all. The views are unsurpassed, the wildlife is abundant and it is all situated in Elk Springs, a gated community. Only fifteen minutes to Carbondale or Glenwood Springs and fifty minutes to Aspen. This lot is truly gorgeous with views of Mount Sopris, the valley floor, and Sunlight ski area.


text:
Justin Fuente
No. 21 Virginia Tech beats No. 22 West Virginia 31-24
LANDOVER, Maryland (AP) — Virginia Tech made FedEx Field feel like Lane Stadium Northeast and got to bring that Black Diamond Trophy back to Blacksburg for the first time in more than a decade. Oh,…
Top 25 Heat Check: Who is most likely to flop in 2017?
The preseason Top 25 is out and for all those fans feeling good about their team to start the season, there is plenty of history that can spoil the fun. Over the last 10 years…
Redshirt freshman QBs could make huge impact in SEC
This could turn into a big year for redshirt freshman quarterbacks in the Southeastern Conference. It all depends on how a few preseason competitions turn out. Florida, Tennessee and Texas A&M all have redshirt freshman…
American needs new coaches to lead drive for Power 6 status
NEWPORT, R.I. (AP) — On the strength of rising-star coaches such as Justin Fuente, Tom Herman, Matt Rhule and Willie Taggart, the American Athletic Conference has positioned itself to at least make the case that…
Get ready for more uncertainty in the ACC's Coastal Division
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — The Atlantic Coast Conference's Coastal Division hasn't had a repeat champion since 2011 and generally has a surprise team climb to the top of the standings. Things likely won't change in…
Moving up: Fuente, Wells among coaches on rise
Moving up: Fuente, Wells, McElwain among coaches outside Big 5 who will be in demand


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Q: How to run a Java project in command line I have a Java project, which runs fine in Eclipse. Right now, I need to run it using command line, like java classpath. How do I setup the classpath based on the stored ones using in Eclipse?

A: How to run a java project from command line using Runnable jar
Using Eclipse you can easily run a java program but using Runnable jar is slightly different.
Steps to run a java project:

*

*Export the java project in to a Runnable jar - using Eclipse IDE

*Select the main or running class file - Launch configuration

*In Library handling - select the option [ Extract required libraries in to jar file ]

*Open command prompt go to the directory where runnable jar is available

*type > java -jar Runnable.jar

A: Say you have changed directories to be in your project directory, and directly underneath that are a bin directory that has your compiled classes and a lib directory that has your jar files. Also let's say the class with the main method you want to invoke is com.initech.example.EntryPoint. On windows you can run:
java -cp bin;lib\*.jar com.initech.example.EntryPoint

The slashes go the other way for Unix, obviously, and you use colon instead of semicolon as a separator in the cp switch.
Using -jar to run your project only works if your classes are packaged in a jar file (duh) and the jar file has a manifest that gives the entry point.

A: Select the project and click on File->Export which opens a new window.
From that select Runnablejar option and click next button.
In launch configuration select your main class and in export destination give the path where you want to store the jar file.
Now go the command line issue this command java -jar mainclass(classname)

A: Simply navigate to the directory that the class file exists in and use
java -classpath . myClass
Edit: You can replace the . with any classpath. For example, to find your classpath you can use echo %CLASSPATH%
Edit: Looks like there's quite a bit of information that might help you here.

A: jre\bin\java -jar JarFileName.jar

This will allow you to run a jar on windows from command line.

A: You can set the classpath using the -classpath or -cp option of the java command, or you can set the $CLASSPATH environment variable before launching your application, e.g.
export CLASSPATH=bin:lib/*
java -jar packagename.Application

Either way you should probably write a script so that you can start the application without multiple steps or typing a long command. Or you could use ant, or export a runnable Jar from Eclipse. It really depends why you need to do this.
To find what entries are needed in the classpath, it is probably simplest just to look at the .classpath file created by Eclipse in the root directory of the project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A performance featuring area musicians and dancers.
Next Reflex Dance Collective brings together musicians and dance artists for a night of collaborative performance and diverse creativity. Winter Music and Dance Festival features performances from area musicians and dancers culminating in a one night collaborative performance of diverse creativity, live music and dance. This year's festival features artistic work by Capitol Tap, Next Reflex Dance Collective artists Roxann Morgan Rowley and David Deegan, choreographer Heidi McFall with musicians Mary Dinkler and Hannah Gross, choreographer May Kesler in collaboration with musician Owen Kelley, and choreographer Kimberly Swartz. Musical artists also include Carmen Lily Flores, Nate Masters and Workhouse Resident Music artist Tom Teasley.