text:
Browse our 650+ Publications
T cell repertoire profiling in allografts and native tissues in recipients with COVID-19 after solid organ transplantation: Insight into T cell-mediated allograft protection from viral infection
Jianing Fu et al.
Authors and Affiliates
Jianing Fu 1, Dylan Rust 2, Zhou Fang 1, Wenyu Jiao 1, Stephen Lagana 3, Ibrahim Batal 3, Bryan Chen 1, Sarah Merl 1,3, Rebecca Jones 1, Megan Sykes 1,4,5, Joshua Weiner 1,5. 1 Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. 2 Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States. 3 Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. 5 Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
Lena Hansen et al.
Lena Hansen 1, Karl Albert Brokstad 1 2, Amit Bansal 1, Fan Zhou 1, Geir Bredholt 3, Therese Bredholt Onyango 1, Helene Heitmann Sandnes 3, Rebecca Elyanow 4, Anders Madsen 1, Mai-Chi Trieu 1, Marianne Sævik 5, Hanne Søyland 5, Jan Stefan Olofsson 1, Juha Vahokoski 1, Nina Urke Ertesvåg 1, Elisabeth Berg Fjelltveit 1, Shahin Shafiani 4, Camilla Tøndel 3 6 7, Heidi Chapman 4, Ian Kaplan 4, Kristin G I Mohn 1 5, Nina Langeland 3 5 8, Rebecca Jane Cox 1 9. 1 Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 2 Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway. 3 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 4 Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA. 5 Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 6 Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 7 Department of Research and Innovation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 8 National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 9 Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Characterisation of T cell receptor repertoires in coeliac disease
Lee LW, et al.
Lik Wee Lee 1, Shahin Shafiani 1, Beryl Crossley 1, Ryan O Emerson 1, David Williamson 1, Anna Bunin 2, Justin Vargas 2, Arnold S Han 2, Ian M Kaplan 1, Peter H R Green 2, Ilan Kirsch 1, Govind Bhagat 3; 1Computational Biology and Translational Medicine, Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, Seattle, Washington, USA. 2Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. 3Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. gb96@cumc.columbia.edu
NoisET: Noise Learning and Expansion Detection of T-Cell Receptors
Koraichi MB, et al.
Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Meriem Bensouda Koraichi 1, Maximilian Puelma Touzel 2, Andrea Mazzolini 1, Thierry Mora 1, Aleksandra M Walczak 1; 1 Laboratoire de physique de l' École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, and Université de Paris, Paris75005, France. 2 MILA, University of Montreal, MontrealH2S 3H1, Canada.
Cetuximab responses in HNSCC patients correlate to clonal expansion feature of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating T cells with top T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes
Ge H, et al.
Huaibin Ge 1, Robert L Ferris 2, Jing H Wang 1; 1 UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. 2 University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Reinvigoration of innate and adaptive immunity via therapeutic cellular vaccine for patients with AML
Fujii S, et al.
Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics
Shin-ichiro Fujii 1,2,10, Toyotaka Kawamata 3,10, Kanako Shimizu 1,10, Jun Nakabayashi 4, Satoru Yamasaki 1, Tomonori Iyoda 1, Jun Shinga 1, Hiroshi Nakazato 1, An Sanpei 1, Masami Kawamura 1, Shogo Ueda 1, Jan Dörrie 5, Svetlana Mojsov 6, Madhav V. Dhodapkar 7, Michihiro Hidaka 8, Masanori Nojima 9, Fumitaka Nagamura 9, Shigemi Yoshida 2, Toshio Goto 2, and Arinobu Tojo 3; 1 Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 2 Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT): Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 4 Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan 5 Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany 6 The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 7Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA 8Department of Hematology/Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Clinical Laboratory: Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan 9Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Immunoregulatory and lipid presentation pathways are upregulated in human face transplant rejection
Win TS, et al.
Thet Su Win 1,2, William J Crisler 1, Beatrice Dyring-Andersen 1, Rachel Lopdrup 2, Jessica E Teague 1, Qian Zhan 1, Victor Barrera 3, Shannan Ho Sui 3, Sotirios Tasigiorgos 2, Naoka Murakami 4, Anil Chandraker 4, Stefan G Tullius 5, Bohdan Pomahac 2, Leonardo V Riella 4, Rachael A Clark 1; 1 Department of Dermatology and. 2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3 Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4 Schuster Transplantation Research Center and. 5 Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2- and influenza A-specific T cells in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2
Chaisawangwong W, et al.
Worarat Chaisawangwong 1, Hanzhi Wang 2, Theodore Kouo 3, Sebastian F Salathe 1, Ariel Isser 4,5, Joan Glick Bieler 1, Maya L Zhang 2, Natalie K Livingston 4, Shuyi Li 1, Joseph J Horowitz 6, Ron E Samet 7, Israel Zyskind 8, Avi Z Rosenberg 1, Jonathan P Schneck 1,4,5,9,10; 1 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine. 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering. 3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine. 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and. 5 Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 6 ExpressCare Urgent Care, Bel Air, Maryland, USA. 7 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 8 Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Maimonides Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. 9 Institute for Nanobiotechnology and. 10 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
The effect of induction immunosuppression for kidney transplant on the latent HIV reservoir
Benner SE, et al.
Sarah E Benner 1, Yolanda Eby 1, Xianming Zhu 1, Reinaldo E Fernandez 2, Eshan U Patel 1,3, Jessica E Ruff 1, Feben Habtehyimer 2, Haley A Schmidt 1, Charles S Kirby 1, Sarah Hussain 2, Darin Ostrander 2, Niraj M Desai 4, Sander Florman 5, Meenakshi M Rana 6, Rachel Friedman-Moraco 7, Marcus R Pereira 8, Shikha Mehta 9, Peter Stock 10, Alexander Gilbert 11, Michele I Morris 12, Valentina Stosor 13, Sapna A Mehta 14, Catherine B Small 15, Karthik Ranganna 16, Carlos Aq Santos 17, Saima Aslam 18, Jennifer Husson 19, Maricar Malinis 20, Nahel Elias 21, Emily A Blumberg 22, Brianna L Doby 23,24, Allan B Massie 14, Melissa L Smith 25, Jonah Odim 26, Thomas C Quinn 2,26, Gregory M Laird 27, Robert F Siliciano 2, Dorry L Segev 4,14, Andrew D Redd 2,26, Christine M Durand 2, Aaron Ar Tobian 1; 1 Department of Pathology and. 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 4 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 5 Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute and. 6 Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. 7 Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 8 Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. 9 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 10 Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. 11 Medstar Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. 12 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. 13 Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 14 Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA. 15 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA. 16 Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 17 Divison of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 18 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. 19 Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 20 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 21 Department of Surgery and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 22 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 23 Positive Rhetoric LLC, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA. 24 Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health, Education, and Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. 25 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. 26 Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 27 AccelevirDx, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Immunogenomic profiling of lung adenocarcinoma reveals poorly differentiated tumors are associated with an immunogenic tumor microenvironment
Akhave N, et al.
Neal Akhave 1, Jiexin Zhang 2, Erin Bayley 3, Meredith Frank 1, Shin-Heng Chiou 4, Carmen Behrens 5, Runzhe Chen 1, Xin Hu 6, Edwin Roger Parra 7, Won-Chul Lee 6, Stephen Swisher 3, Luisa Solis 7, Annikka Weissferdt 8, Cesar Moran 8, Neda Kalhor 8, Jianhua Zhang 6, Paul Scheet 8, Ara A Vaporciyan 3, Boris Sepesi 3, Don L Gibbons 1, John V Heymach 1, Jack J Lee 9, Ignacio I Wistuba 5, P Andrew Futreal 6, Jianjun Zhang 10, Junya Fujimoto 11, Alexandre Reuben 12; 1 Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 3 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 4 Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. 5 Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 6 Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 7 Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 8 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 9 Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 10 Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: jzhang20@mdanderson.org. 11 Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: jfujimot@mdanderson.org. 12 Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
For information about clonoSEQ® or T-Detect™, please contact us.


Google has announced the launch of a Chinese language version of its YouTube developers' channel.
The new channel, which is aimed at helping Chinese developers understand Google's technology, contains original content in Mandarin Chinese and also English content with Simplified Chinese captions.
This is not the first time in recent months that Google (which owns YouTube) has attempted to reach out to Chinese developers, having made it possible for them to make money on the Google Play Store last November.
YouTube is blocked in China, however, so any Chinese developers wanting to watch the channel will have to do so using a VPN.
New European online gambling regulations have prompted a wave of takeover talks in recent weeks, as reported by the Wall Street Journal.
The new EU digital tax, which was introduced on the 1st January this year, means that companies who sell digitally in Europe, such as online gambling companies, will be taxed according to where the customer is, rather than where the company has its headquarters. The tax is predicted to bring in an extra 1 billion US dollars for the EU.
The UK has also recently brought in a separate rule which means that online gambling firms must get licenses and start taxing British revenues.
The moves have prompted takeover talks amongst several major online gambling firms, including 888, William Hill, and Bwin.
A study by the Royal Mail has revealed that British online retailers are feeling increasingly confident in branching out to new international markets.
The survey showed that almost two thirds of small and medium sized businesses intended to increase their international sales this year, with 84% saying they intended to target a new country.
America was the most popular target market for those wanting to sell to a new country, with Russia and Canada also proving popular.
Research by the analytics company PhocusWright has shown that the online travel agencies Expedia and Priceline account for over half of all online travel sales worldwide.
Expedia announced last week that it 2014 bookings increased by 26% on the previous year to over 50 billion US dollars. Priceline also reported similar increases.
And finally, the optical company MyOptique Group has expanded into Germany with its acquisition of Netzoptiker, according to the Retail Times.
MyOptique Group is an online retailer of glasses, sunglasses and contact lenses, and is already popular in Britain and Scandinavia. The Group acquired the German optical company Netzoptiker as part of its efforts to expand across Europe.


text:
Ronald Caldwell Thomson
Ronald Caldwell Thomson, 81, passed away on Tuesday September 28, 2021 at the Jackson Madison County General Hospital after a short illness. Mr. Thomson was born in Creston, IA on August 19, 1940 to the late John Lucas & Florence Brown Thomson. He joined the U S Air Force in 1962 serving until he retired in 1986 as a E6 TSGT. During this time, he served in Vietnam from 1967-1968. Ron was an active member of the Elks Lodge #605,life time member in Creston Vietnam Veterans Association, Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Legion, and Knights of Columbus at St. Mary's Catholic Church where he was a parishioner. He earned his bachelor's degree in education from the University of Southern Mississippi and had been married to his wife Sherry for fifty nine years. Ron enjoyed JUDO and model trains. He is survived by his wife Sherry Schaffer Thomson, Jackson, TN, daughters, Sheron Thomson Kirk, Rebecca Scheidecker, both of Jackson, TN, Catherine Lorino, Shawnee, KS, sister, Dorothy Shea, Florida. eight grandchildren, Travis & Trevor Kirk, Alexandra Kirk, Gabriella Lorino, Dominic Lorino, Nicholas Lorino, Cecilia Lorino and Braden Scheidecker. In addition to his parents, he was preceded by a brother John R. Thomson, and sisters Janice Harden and Mary Margaret Thomson. Funeral mass will be held on Thursday Oct. 7, 2021 at 11:00 A.M. at St. Mary's Church in Jackson, TN with Father David Graham officiating. Visitation will be from 10:00 A. M. until the funeral hour. Committal services with military honors will be Friday, 10:00 AM October 8, 2021 at the Veterans National Cemetery in Madison, TN, 1420 Gallatin Pike South. Friendship Funeral Home 731-677-2673.
Ronald Caldwell Thomson, 81, passed away on Tuesday September 28, 2021 at the Jackson Madison County General Hospital after a short illness. Mr. Thomson was born in Creston, IA on August 19, 1940 to the late John Lucas & Florence Brown Thomson.... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Ronald Caldwell Thomson created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
Ronald Caldwell Thomson, 81, passed away on Tuesday September...
Send flowers to the Thomson family.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Regardless of whether you are interested in psychology and human behavior or if you would rather know more about research on health and climate, there is a podcast for you. Here you can delve into current, informative and interesting podcasts in the world of science.
1.Hidden Brain
Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.
2.Ologies with Alie Ward
Volcanoes. Trees. Drunk butterflies. Mars missions. Slug sex. Death. Beauty standards. Anxiety busters. Beer science. Bee drama. Take away a pocket full of science knowledge and charming, bizarre stories about what fuels these professional -ologists' obsessions. Humorist and science correspondent Alie Ward asks smart people stupid questions and the answers might change your life.
3.All In The Mind
4.The Infinite Monkey Cage
Brian Cox and Robin Ince host a witty, irreverent look at the world through scientists' eyes.
5.The Curious Cases of Rutherford & Fry
Science sleuths Dr Adam Rutherford and Dr Hannah Fry investigate everyday mysteries sent by listeners.
6.StarTalk Radio
Science, pop culture, and comedy collide on StarTalk Radio! Neil deGrasse Tyson, astrophysicist and Director of New York's Hayden Planetarium, and his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities, and scientific experts explore astronomy, physics, and everything else there is to know about life in the universe. New episodes premiere Tuesdays. Keep Looking Up!
7.Making Sense with Sam Harris
Join neuroscientist, philosopher, and best-selling author Sam Harris as he explores important and controversial questions about the human mind, society, and current events. Sam Harris is the author of five New York Times bestsellers. His books include The End of Faith, Letter to a Christian Nation, The Moral Landscape, Free Will, Lying, Waking Up, and Islam and the Future of Tolerance (with Maajid Nawaz). The End of Faith won the 2005 PEN Award for Nonfiction. His writing and public lectures cover a wide range of topics—neuroscience, moral philosophy, religion, meditation practice, human violence, rationality—but generally focus on how a growing understanding of ourselves and the world is changing our sense of how we should live. Harris's work has been published in more than 20 languages and has been discussed in The New York Times, Time, Scientific American, Nature, Newsweek, Rolling Stone, and many other journals. He has written for The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The Economist, The Times (London), The Boston Globe, The Atlantic, The Annals of Neurology, and elsewhere. Sam Harris received a degree in philosophy from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in neuroscience from UCLA.
8.WEAPONIZED with Jeremy Corbell & George Knapp
In WEAPONIZED, Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp pull back the veil on the world of the known, to explore the unexplained. This multi-platform investigative series features exclusive interviews, never-before-seen footage, previously-suppressed documents, original audio and video recordings, and hard evidence related to UFOs, the paranormal, cutting-edge science, cover-ups, conspiracies, and big-time crimes. Original, groundbreaking conversations with government whistleblowers, spies, spooks, scientists, military officials, muckraking journalists, filmmakers, historians, artists, musicians, and major celebrities will cast a wide shadow through the other-world… and detail the human experiences that inform these extraordinary phenomena. Your curiosity will be WEAPONIZED. WEAPONIZED is a presentation of Jeremy Corbell, George Knapp, Dark Horse Entertainment and Cadence13 Studios.
9.Sasquatch Chronicles
People are seeing something in the woods and there are too many reports for this to be ignored. Join us every Sunday night as we discuss recent Sasquatch sightings, encounters and talk to Bigfoot eye witnesses. Listen as we speak with researchers, witnesses and investigators to unravel the mystery of Bigfoot. Every week we will also bring you the latest Bigfoot news and information. Additional episodes and exclusive content can be found on our website www.sasquatchchronicles.com. Become a Member today and receive access to additional exclusive shows posted weekly, our full back catalog of episodes, the ability to comment on Episodes and Blog entries, and access to our Forums. For the latest news, please visit our Blog. We can also be found on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, and YouTube.
10.UAP - Unidentified Alien Podcast
The U.S. government now admits UFOs are real and alien enthusiast Stephen Diener sheds light on the shocking stories that still remain in the shadows.
11.Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe
A fun-filled discussion of the big, mind-blowing, unanswered questions about the Universe. In each episode, Daniel Whiteson (a Physicist who works at CERN) and Jorge Cham (a popular online cartoonist) discuss some of the simple but profound questions that people have been wondering about for thousands of years, explaining the science in a fun, shorts-wearing and jargon-free way.
12.Urban Legends
Luke Mordue examines the historical impact of the stories that haunt our society, tales that have gripped towns and cities worldwide for centuries as true events - Urban Legends.First, hear the tales retold as short stories before delving into the history of the legend, dissecting its cultural significance, factuality, and origins. Released Fortnightly alongside a mini-series that delves into shorter legends under the title of 'Modern Myths'.
13.Pale Blue Pod
Pale Blue Pod is an astronomy podcast for people who are overwhelmed by the universe but want to be its friend. Astrophysicist Dr. Moiya McTier and comedian Corinne Caputo demystify space one topic at a time with open eyes, open arms, and open mouths (from so much laughing and jaw-dropping). By the end of each episode, the cosmos will feel a little less "ahhh too scary" and a lot more "ohhh, so cool!" New episodes every Monday. This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Chartable - https://chartable.com/privacy
14.Universe Today Podcast
Space news, interviews, Q&As, and exclusive content from Universe Today. Audio versions of Fraser Cain YouTube channel.
15.This Podcast Will Kill You
This podcast might not actually kill you, but it covers so many things that can. Each episode tackles a different disease, from its history, to its biology, and finally, how scared you need to be. Ecologists and epidemiologists Erin Welsh and Erin Allmann Updyke make infectious diseases acceptable fodder for dinner party conversation and provide the perfect cocktail recipe to match.
16.The Confessionals
The Confessionals is where witnesses of the unexplained share their stories and encounters with the world. Through long-form conversations, we pull out as much detail about one's experience as possible. Join us as we delve into the unknown side of life, from bigfoot to UFOs to paranormal activity to even conspiracies.
17.White Coat, Black Art on CBC Radio
CBC Radio's Dr. Brian Goldman takes listeners through the swinging doors of hospitals and doctors' offices, behind the curtain where the gurney lies.
18.Unexplainable
Unexplainable takes listeners right up to the edge of what we know ... and then keeps right on going. This Vox podcast explores scientific mysteries, unanswered questions, and all the things we learn by diving into the unknown. New episodes every Wednesday.
19.Slow Radio
An antidote to today's frenzied world. Step back, let go, immerse yourself: it's time to go slow.A lo-fi celebration of pure sound.
20.That UFO Podcast
Bringing you up to date news, interviews and guests from around the world of UFOs, UAP & connected phenomena
21.UFO Chronicles Podcast
First-hand witness encounters of the Strange and unexplained. The host Nik will take you head first down the rabbit hole in a refreshing and different podcast format. Witness accounts from everyday people from all over the world with uninterrupted monologues of their encounters. The phenomena that people experience that is shared on this show range from sightings of UFOs to traumatic alien abductions, the paranormal with scary heart stopping stories of ghosts, demons and the Occult. Accounts of crossing paths with Bigfoots, Sasquatches and all manor of dark entities that lurk in the woods and remote areas. Psychic abilities of Precognition, premonitions, remote viewing and the people who have been crossed to the other side with near death experiences. The encounters in this podcast will stay with you long after you have finished listening to it. Have you had an unusual experience you would like to share? Email: UFOChronicles@gmail.com Podcast Website: https://ufochroniclespodcast.com
22.Quirks and Quarks from CBC Radio
CBC Radio's Quirks and Quarks covers the quirks of the expanding universe to the quarks within a single atom... and everything in between.
23.Mysterious Radio: Paranormal, UFO & Lore Interviews
**Attention** Please tap follow or subscribe in your podcast app to make sure you get the newest releases. This show will be for those that are truly open to a mind-expanding experience. You'll be taken on a journey with top scientists, journalists and researchers that dare to look way beyond the edges of our known reality to analyze these extraordinary events. Join KTown as she discusses subjects surrounding real paranormal activity, unbelievable UFO phenomena, sinister secret societies, mysterious time slips, powerful ancient artifacts, terrifying creature encounters, shocking conspiracies, gruesome serial killers, unexplainable disappearances, supernatural places and much more! We release new episodes often so make sure you hit the follow or subscribe button so you'll never miss one. Are you ready? Just tap the follow or subscribe icon so you never miss an episode or by tapping the "plus" icon in the top right corner on Apple Podcasts. Mysterious Radio is proudly produced by an independent podcast team.
24.Unsung Science
Hear the untold stories of mind-blowing achievements in science and tech. "CBS Sunday Morning" correspondent and six-time Emmy winner David Pogue takes you behind the scenes into the creation stories of the world's greatest advances and the people behind them. From transportation, food, space, internet, and health, creators reveal their inspirations and roadblocks they encountered in bringing their breakthroughs to the public. Hear all-new episodes of the award-winning Unsung Science podcast every other Friday.
25.Paranormal Mysteries Podcast
Join Nic Ryan as he takes you on a weekly journey into the world of unexplained, and supernatural phenomena. Topics include historical accounts, and listener stories involving Hauntings, Bizarre Creatures, Extraterrestrials, Folklore, High Strangeness, Missing People, and much more. If you have an experience to share, email me or visit our website. Email: paranormalmysteriespodcast@gmail.com Voice Message: http://www.sharemyevp.com Website: https://www.paranormalmysteriespodcast.com/ Forum: https://www.paranormalmysteriespodcast.com/forum © 2023 Paranormal Mysteries Podcast. All rights reserved.
26.CSIRO presents: Everyday AI
We go beyond sensational headlines and Hollywood representations to bring AI back to reality. Hosted by AI expert Jon Whittle, Everyday AI shows this technology is not science fiction but very much a reality shaping our everyday lives. Join Jon as he explores how AI is used in creative industries, health, conservation, sports and space. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
27.What The Duck?!
The show with a mission to explore the mysteries of nature - especially the ones that make you go What the Duck?!
28.Why Do We Do That?
An anthropologist's guide to the modern world. Ella Al-Shamahi investigates the origins of everyday human habits and behaviour.
29.I Know Dino: The Big Dinosaur Podcast
The big dinosaur podcast. News, interviews, and discussions about dinosaurs.
30.BBC Inside Science
A weekly programme that illuminates the mysteries and challenges the controversies behind the science that's changing our world.
31.Sasquatch Odyssey
Sasquatch Odyssey is a place for anyone who has had an encounter with Bigfoot or any Cryptid who would like to share their story without judgement. If you have had an encounter with Bigfoot or any other cryptid and would like to be on the show, email Brian at brian@paranormalworldproductions.com Please take a moment to rate and review the show, it makes a HUGE difference. Thanks for listening and enjoy the show!
32.Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur
Podcast by Isaac Arthur
33.Crazy Town
With equal parts humor and in-depth analysis, Asher, Rob, and Jason safeguard their sanity while probing crazy-making topics like climate change, overshoot, runaway capitalism, and why we're all deluding ourselves.
34.Need To Know with Coulthart and Zabel
The Need-to-Know podcast deals with the now acknowledged reality of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena or UAP. Its hosts are award-winning broadcasters and investigative journalists Ross Coulthart and Bryce Zabel. Every episode, they'll look at what's happened in the UAP/UFO world. Coulthart and Zabel discuss their current investigations, give each other advice, and seek to answer the big questions: who are they and what do they want? Ross Coulthart's work has been featured on Australia's version of "60 Minutes." And his documentary for Channel Seven Australia covering his UFO findings has been seen by more than ten million viewers. He is the author of In Plain Sight, in which he concludes that, while publicly dismissing the phenomenon for decades, governments have been seriously studying it all along and take it very seriously. Coulthart continues to report on the subject for Australian network television while working on investigations spawned by his book. Bryce Zabel is an award-winning writer who has created or developed five primetime television drama series and worked on a dozen writing staffs. His feature credits include Mortal Kombat and Atlantis. His World War II film, The Last Battle, will shoot in the fall of 2022. Zabel was an original correspondent for CNN, and an award-winning investigative reporter for PBS. Zabel has authored his own UFO book, A.D. After Disclosure. He writes and edits the publication Trail of the Saucers that is read by more than 80,000 readers each month.
35.Paranormal Portal
The world is full of mystery. Man's hubris would have you believe that the world is mapped, it is explained, it has been conquered. But many would disagree. We believe the world still has mystery. That there are layers upon layers of the world that remain unexplored and unexplained. That there is still magic and mystery all around us.. if only we would open our eyes and our hearts to understand. Paranormal Portal explores the many mysteries that still persist. Discussing theory, testimonial and possibility in an open forum for all to take part.. ENTER THE PARANORMAL PORTAL.. if you dare!
36.Skeptoid
The true science behind our most popular urban legends. Historical mysteries, paranormal claims, popular science myths, aliens and UFO reports, conspiracy theories, and worthless alternative medicine schemes... Skeptoid has you covered. From the sublime to the startling, no topic is sacred. Weekly since 2006.
37.Outside/In
A show about the natural world and how we use it. We explore science, energy, environmentalism, and reflections on how we think about and depict nature, and always leave time for plenty of goofing off. Outside/In is a production of NHPR. Learn more at outsideinradio.org
38.Instant Genius
Whether you're curious about getting healthy, the Big Bang or the science of cooking, find out everything you need to know in under 30 minutes with Instant Genius. The team behind BBC Science Focus Magazine talk to world-leading experts to bring you a bite-sized masterclass on a new subject each week. New episodes are released every Monday and Friday and you can subscribe to Instant Genius on Apple Podcasts to access all new episodes ad-free and all old episodes of Instant Genius Extra. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
39.Stuff To Blow Your Mind
40.Paranormal Odyssey
Paranormal Odyssey is a place to hear and share stories of encounters with UFO's, Ghosts, and other strange experiences that can not be explained! If you have had an encounter and would like to be on the show, please email Brian at paranormalodysseypodcast@gmail.com Please take a moment to rate and review the show, it makes a HUGE difference. Thanks for listening and enjoy the show!
41.My Bigfoot Sighting
My Bigfoot Sighting is a straight to the point, no-nonsense podcast where Bigfoot eyewitnesses talk about their Bigfoot sightings. If you listen to our show, you won't hear an interviewer asking guests questions or interrupting them, because all you'll hear on our show is non-stop Bigfoot sightings and encounters.
42.Invisibilia
Unseeable forces control human behavior and shape our ideas, beliefs, and assumptions. Invisibilia—Latin for invisible things—fuses narrative storytelling with science that will make you see your own life differently.
43.Podcast UFO
Podcast UFO is place where you can listen to audio podcasts about UFOs, close encounters and people associated with the UFO phenomenon. Witnesses involved in such things as sightings, views on cover-ups and more. Listeners are welcome to interact with guests, visit the website to find out how. Shows are recorded live on YouTube stream every Tuesday evening, 6:00 to 8:00PM ET.
44.Somewhere in the Skies
Somewhere in the Skies is a weekly podcast covering UFOs and the unexplained. Hosted by author and television host, Ryan Sprague, and journalist, Chrissy Newton, they explore the unknown through case histories, special guest interviews, and through audio documentaries. Join Ryan and Chrissy as they try to make sense of the mysteries that lay somewhere in the skies. New episodes every Monday. Learn more at www.somewhereintheskies.com Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/somewhere-in-the-skies. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
45.SciShow Tangents
SciShow Tangents is the lightly competitive knowledge showcase from the geniuses behind the YouTube series SciShow. Every Tuesday, join Hank Green, Ceri Riley, and Sam Schultz as they try to one-up and amaze each other with weird and funny scientific research... while not getting distracted. There will be tangents about video games, music, weird smells, surprisingly deep insights about life, and of course, poop, but it always comes back to the science.
46.Space Nuts
All things Space – news, travel, discoveries, the mysteries, and more…with world renown and respected Astronomer at Large Professor Fred Watson and Sci-Fi Author, Broadcaster/Journalist Andrew Dunkley.
47.Radiology Podcasts | RSNA
Radiology Podcast Editor Linda Chu, MD and guests discuss recently published research in the January 2021 Issue of Radiology. Subscribe today on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, Spotify, or ask Alexa to "play Radiology podcasts on TuneIn".
48.Mysterious Universe
Always interesting and often hilarious, join hosts Aaron Wright and Benjamin Grundy as they investigate the latest in futurology, weird science, consciousness research, alternative history, cryptozoology, UFOs, and new-age absurdity.
49.Astronomy Cast
50.Speaking of Psychology
"Speaking of Psychology" is an audio podcast series highlighting some of the latest, most important and relevant psychological research being conducted today. Produced by the American Psychological Association, these podcasts will help listeners apply the science of psychology to their everyday lives.
51.MonsterTalk
MonsterTalk: The Science Show About Monsters is a free audio podcast that critically examines the science behind cryptozoological (and legendary) creatures, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, or werewolves.
52.Science Friday
Brain fun for curious people.
53.MCHD Paramedic Podcast
The MCHD Paramedic Podcast is a place for prehospital providers to discuss best practices and offer clinical insights relevant to our daily practice. MCHD Medical Directors Dr. Robert Dickson and Dr. Casey Patrick invite you to explore the many aspects of prehospital care. Along the way you can expect guest appearances by some of the brightest minds that influence modern EMS.
54.Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas
Ever wanted to know how music affects your brain, what quantum mechanics really is, or how black holes work? Do you wonder why you get emotional each time you see a certain movie, or how on earth video games are designed? Then you've come to the right place. Each week, Sean Carroll will host conversations with some of the most interesting thinkers in the world. From neuroscientists and engineers to authors and television producers, Sean and his guests talk about the biggest ideas in science, philosophy, culture and much more.
55.Bret Weinstein | DarkHorse Podcast
On The DarkHorse Podcast, we will explore questions that matter, with tools that work. Weekly episodes of "The Evolutionary Lens" are co-hosted with Heather Heying, in which we use an evolutionary toolkit to reveal patterns in nature--including human nature. Other episodes will feature Bret hosting long form discussions. Some guests will be well known, others obscure, but all of them are chosen because they have demonstrated unusual insight. The state and future of civilization will be a recurring theme, so buckle up!
56.NPK Hydroponics Live
NPK Hydroponics Live: An honest, informal and passionate podcast about growing crops hydroponically
57.Aliens and other Strange Stuff
This series cover Aliens and other strange stuff
58.Purr Podcast
This is an awesome podcast for veterinary healthcare providers about everything feline. Famous author Dr. Susan Little and surgeon, Dr. Jolle Kirpensteijn will discuss medical en surgical issues of cats highlighting simple and practical solutions. If you like cats, you will love this podcast!
59.Future Ecologies
Made for audiophiles and nature lovers alike, Future Ecologies is a podcast exploring our eco-social relationships through stories, science, music, and soundscapes. Every episode is an invitation to see the world in a new light — weaving together narrative and interviews with expert knowledge holders.
60.Into the Impossible With Brian Keating
A podcast about how we imagine, and how what we imagine shapes what we do. Each conversation brings together visionaries from the worlds of arts, sciences, humanities, and technology discussing the nature of imagination and how we collaborate to create the future. Hosted by Dr Brian Keating, Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Physics at UC San Diego. For show notes go to: BrianKeating.com/podcast
61.The Psychology Podcast
In each episode, we talk with inspiring scientists, thinkers, and other self-actualized individuals who will give you a greater understanding of yourself, others, and the world we live in. Scott Barry Kaufman explores the depths of human potential and tries to get a glimpse into human possibility in every episode.
62.Hillbilly Horror Stories
Hillbilly Horror Stories is a mostly paranormal show hosted by stand up comedian Jerry Paulley and his wife Tracy. They touch on all things eerie including true stories behind your favorite horror movies, Rock n Roll and the occult, unsolved mysteries and creepy true crime. Serious enough for the true paranormal fan but funny enough for the skeptics! Proud member of Dark Myths Collective.
63.iNTO THE FRAY RADIO - An Encounter with the Abyss that is the Paranormal
iNTO THE FRAY executes one-on-one conversations with top-rated investigators and experiencers in various fields...including Cryptozoology, the paranormal, UFOlogy, true crime, and all other manners of the supernatural. Join Shannon LeGro every Thursday at 7pm PST as she speaks to those with first-hand accounts of the strange, scary, and unexplained. intothefrayradio.com
64.Paranormal Almanac
Each week we will talk about Paranormal news and tell our favorite paranormal stories, its informative, fun, and freaky.
65.African Cities
Interviews, insights and in-depth discussions on urban development in Africa, from the African Cities Research Consortium.
66.Earthfiles Podcast with Linda Moulton Howe
Weekly live broadcasts of Real X-Files from Earth to the universe beyond. Reported and Edited by Linda Moulton Howe.
67.Safety Third
Safety Third is a weekly show hosted by William Osman, NileRed, The Backyard Scientist, Allen Pan, and a couple other YouTube "Scientists". Sometimes we have guests, sometimes it's just us, but always: safety is our number three priority.
68.GraveYard Tales
We tell the stories and history of haunted places, ghost encounters, cryptid encounters, the paranormal, preternatural, and every oddity imaginable. And we do it with a comedic twist and don't take anything, including ourselves, too seriously! Join your hosts Adam & Matt in their discussions of these topics and email them your thoughts at GraveYardTalesPodcast@gmail.com (mailto:GraveYardTalesPodcast@gmail.com) We thank you for joining us in the GraveYard!
69.Paramedicine.com
Paramedicine.com is a paramedic podcast focusing on translating research into practice.
70.Flat Earth Research
Welcome to the Flat Earth Research Podcast, where we simply converse about our views on the shape of the planet, space and everything beyond. We do not appreciate negativity and encourage active light hearted discussion about the true shape of our beloved mother Earth. Peace and love to all.
71.Diet Doctor Podcast
Empowering people everywhere to revolutionize their health.
72.Believe: Paranormal & UFO Podcast
Have you ever experienced something that can't be explained? Believe is a podcast where witnesses of the strange and unexplained can share their stories and encounters. Join host Kade Moir for one on one interviews with every day people and others from around the world who have witnessed UFO's, Bigfoot, Ghosts, Paranormal Experiences and the unexplainable! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
73.SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
19 years on Australian Public Radio (as StarStuff), 6 years of podcasting and counting. We have a lot of content to share with you. Recognized worldwide by our listeners and industry experts as one of the best and most thoroughly researched programs on Astronomy, Technology, Space, and Science News. Keep up-to-date and learn something new with every episode. New episodes weekly. Published Mondays for our subscribers and publicly on Wednesdays. Show your support for SpaceTime, help us reach our goals with early access to commercial-free episodes and bonuses via Supercast, Patreon, Apple Podcasts and YouTube. Links at https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com Enjoy!
74.The AZ UFO Show
The AZ UFO Show is The Very 1st UFO Related Show created on Blogtalkradio. Since 2006 we have been morphing into the most original and most honest paranormal/UFO show and to this day actively creating and searching for a painfully truthful show. This is the show you listen to if you want real talk with real people. No sugarcoating here. If you want fluff then go somewhere else. The truth will set you free and hurt you in the process. Just give the show a chance. Who knows, it may be your guilty pleasure. Blah.
75.The Origins Podcast with Lawrence Krauss
The Origins Podcast features in-depth conversations with some of the most interesting people in the world about the issues that impact all of us in the 21st century. Host, theoretical physicist, lecturer, and author, Lawrence M. Krauss, will be joined by guests from a wide range of fields, including science, the arts, and journalism. The topics discussed on The Origins Podcast reflect the full range of the human experience - exploring science and culture in a way that seeks to entertain, educate, and inspire. lawrencekrauss.substack.com lawrencekrauss.substack.com
76.We Are All Aliens
Jackie Seiden teams up with "The Auracle," Dominic J Zenden, who sees every detail of reality in color, to discuss all aspects of the universe that will no doubt blow your mind! Aliens. Souls. Ghosts. Time travel. Dimensions. No topic is off limits. Take a journey with these two friends as their unique perspectives expose their true authentic, and totally weird, selves! Dom has authored seven paranormal books. TV/Radio Presenter. Public Speaker. EVP Expert. Hosts Twisted and Misunderstood. Myndsite.org. Jackie is actress TV/Broadway/Film. Host of Evolution Podclub. jackieseiden.com. Tw/Fb/Ins
77.Jungianthology Podcast
Analytical Psychology Seminars & Interviews from the C.G. Jung Institute of Chicago
78.Immune
A podcast about the body's defenders against disease.
79.Nature Podcast
The Nature Podcast brings you the best stories from the world of science each week. We cover everything from astronomy to zoology, highlighting the most exciting research from each issue of the Nature journal. We meet the scientists behind the results and provide in-depth analysis from Nature's journalists and editors. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
80.Thinking Allowed
New research on how society works
81.Freakonomics, M.D.
Each week, physician and economist Dr. Bapu Jena will dig into a fascinating study at the intersection of economics and healthcare. He takes on questions like: Why do kids with summer birthdays get the flu more often? Can surviving a hurricane help you live longer? What do heart surgery and grocery-store pricing have in common?
82.New Books in Psychoanalysis
Interviews with Scholars of Psychoanalysis about their New Books Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/psychoanalysis
83.Shirtloads of Science
Dr Karl's a curious optimist – a great combination for a science lover. Join him and his guests for weird facts, amazing conversation and remember, it's never too late for a happy childhood. https://drkarl.com/
84.The Skinwalker Debrief
HISTORY is taking the world inside "one of the most infamous and secretive hotspots of paranormal and UFO-related activities on earth" in its series The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch. While the TV series takes you inside the ranch itself, The Skinwalker Debrief is a podcast that takes you inside the show. The podcast is hosted by TJ Allard, an executive producer of The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch. He's joined by UFO/paranormal researchers Maureen Elsberry and Jason McClellan as they dissect each episode of The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch.
85.Something You Should Know
Sometimes all it takes is one little fact or one little piece of wisdom to change your life forever. That's the purpose and the hope of "Something You Should Know." In each episode, host Mike Carruthers interviews top experts in their field to bring you fascinating information and advice to help you save time and money, advance in your career, become wealthy, improve your relationships and help you simply get more out of life. In addition, Mike uncovers and shares short, engaging pieces of "intel" you can use to make your life better - today. Right now.
86.Weather Geeks
You see it every day. It's the subject of poetry, literature, art and film. It can inspire spiritual experiences, and it can destroy everything you have ever worked for. It is the weather, and no one knows it better than we do. Join us every week for the agony and the ecstasy of the one story that the entire world participates in and the science behind it. From the people behind The Weather Channel TV network.
87.Commuting the Cosmos
Join me, Samuel Hinton, as I travel through the cosmos in search of fun things to talk about! We'll be in the solar system discussing where else we can live, investigating the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy, tearing apart bad science, and appreciating cool space tech, all in one bite-sized podcast.
88.Science Magazine Podcast
Weekly podcasts from Science Magazine, the world's leading journal of original scientific research, global news, and commentary.
89.Expanded Perspectives
Expanded Perspectives Podcast is your source for Ancient History, Alternative History, Cryptozoology, UFO's, Conspiracy Theories and all things Paranormal. Join the hosts and lifelong friends Kyle Philson and Cameron Hale as they dig into mysteries of our ancient past, unusual events, unbelievable creatures and undeniable truths through research and interviews with top researchers, archaeologist, historians and authors. They take a down to earth approach while maintaining and open mind. Its time for you to expand your perspective!
90.Interplanetary Podcast
Putting The Ace Back Into Space. Host Matthew Russell's critically acclaimed fun and factual show about all things SPACE. New episode every week with a deep dive into the latest hot space topics. With regular Interviews and discussions with the worlds top space experts. From how rockets fly to how blackholes work and everything in-between.
91.Bigfoot and Beyond with Cliff and Bobo
Bigfoot and Beyond with Cliff and Bobo is a weekly podcast hosted by Cliff Barackman and James "Bobo" Fay of Animal Planet's "Finding Bigfoot".
92.Planetary Radio: Space Exploration, Astronomy and Science
Planetary Radio brings you the human adventure across our solar system and beyond. We visit each week with the scientists, engineers, leaders, advocates and astronauts who are taking us across the final frontier. Regular features raise your space IQ while they put a smile on your face. Join host Mat Kaplan and Planetary Society colleagues including Bill Nye the Science Guy, Bruce Betts, and Emily Lakdawalla as they dive deep into the latest space news. The monthly Space Policy Edition takes you inside the DC beltway where the future of the US space program hangs in the balance. Visit planetary.org/radio for the space trivia contest, an episode guide, and much more.
93.How to reprogram your subconscious mind
94.UFO Thinker Podcast
Talking about all things UFO/UAP related
95.A Life More Wild
Come on outside! A Life More Wild is a series of wild walks with fascinating people, transporting you to the great outdoors and helping you connect with nature through their unique perspectives. In series two we talk love and loss with Fearne Cotton, inspiration with Gemma Cairney and resilience with Kris Hallenga, as well as planting a tree with Ellen Miles, meeting Poppy Okotcha's chickens, taking a deep breath with Richie Norton and much more.
96.The Here and Now Podcast
The Here and Now Podcast with Dave Monds explores topics in psychology and philosophy. Each weekly episode translates big ideas from science and the humanities into meaningful themes for everyday life. We also feature regular interviews with a diverse range of guests. Travel to the edge of the universe or to the deepest recesses of the mind with The Here and Now Podcast.
97.Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time
Dig into the past and explore the greatest mysteries of natural history with the team behind the hit YouTube series PBS Eons. From the dawn of the dinosaurs to downtown Los Angeles, we're covering what we know — and what we still don't know — about the history of life on Earth.
98.Big Picture Science
99.Training Without Conflict Podcast
After 40 years of breeding, raising, and training dogs, Ivan Balabanov provides his expert insights on dog training that he's developed throughout his 4 decades in the dog community. Ivan takes a deep dive into the mind of dogs with the help of incredible guests that will blow your mind and change your outlook on dog training and perhaps life in general!
100.The Social Work Stories Podcast
A podcast exploring Social Work practice through stories & critical reflection.
About Podplay
About Bauer Media
Create podcast with us
Not playing


text:
Dangerous pathogens use this sophisticated machinery to infect hosts
A detailed new model of a bacterial secretion system provides directions for developing precisely targeted antibiotics
20-May-2019 2:05 PM EDT, by California Institute of Technology
Newswise — Gastric cancer, Q fever, Legionnaires' disease, whooping cough--though the infectious bacteria that cause these dangerous diseases are each different, they all utilize the same molecular machinery to infect human cells. Bacteria use this machinery, called a Type IV secretion system (T4SS), to inject toxic molecules into cells and also to spread genes for antibiotic resistance to fellow bacteria. Now, researchers at Caltech have revealed the 3D molecular architecture of the T4SS from the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila with unprecedented details. This could in the future enable the development of precisely targeted antibiotics for the aforementioned diseases.
The work was done in the laboratory of Grant Jensen, professor of biophysics and biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, in collaboration with the laboratory of Joseph Vogel at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (WUSTL). A paper describing the research appeared online on April 22 in the journal Nature Microbiology.
There are nine different types of bacterial secretion systems, Type IV being the most elaborate and versatile. A T4SS can ferry a wide variety of toxic molecules--up to 300 at once--from a bacterium into its cellular victim, hijacking cellular functions and overwhelming the cell's defenses.
In 2017, Caltech postdoctoral scholar Debnath Ghosal and his collaborators used a technique called electron cryotomography to reveal, for the first time, the overall low-resolution architecture of the T4SS in Legionella, the bacteria that causes Legionnaires' disease, a severe and often lethal form of pneumonia.
Ghosal, along with Kwangcheol Jeong of WUSTL and their colleagues, have now made a detailed structural model of this dynamic multi-component machine. The team also made precise perturbations to the bacterium's genes to study mutant versions of the T4SS, revealing how this complex machine organizes and assembles.
The model revealed that the secretion system is composed of a distinct chamber and a long channel, like the chamber and barrel of a gun. Characterizing these and other components of the T4SS could enable the development of precisely targeted antibiotics.
Current antibiotics act broadly and wipe out bacteria throughout the body, including the beneficial microorganisms that live in our gut. In the future, antibiotics could be designed to block only the toxin delivery systems (such as the T4SS) of harmful pathogens, rendering the bacteria inert and harmless without perturbing the body's so-called "good bacteria."
The paper is titled "Molecular architecture, polar targeting and biogenesis of the Legionella Dot/Icm T4SS." Ghosal and Jeong are co-first authors. In addition to Jensen and Vogel, other co-authors are former Caltech postdoctoral scholar Yi-Wei Chang, now of the University of Pennsylvania; Jacob Gyore of WUSTL; Lin Teng of the University of Florida; and Adam Gardner of the Scripps Research Institute. The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Journal Link: Nature Microbiology
Nature Microbiology
(Hidden) English All Journal News Cancer Cell Biology Digestive Disorders Infectious Diseases Nature (journal)
Media Outlet:


text:
namespace TraktApiSharp.Objects.Get.Seasons
{
    using Episodes;
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    public interface ITraktSeason
    {
        int? Number { get; set; }

        string Title { get; set; }

        ITraktSeasonIds Ids { get; set; }

        float? Rating { get; set; }

        int? Votes { get; set; }

        int? TotalEpisodesCount { get; set; }

        int? AiredEpisodesCount { get; set; }

        string Overview { get; set; }

        DateTime? FirstAired { get; set; }

        string Network { get; set; }

        IEnumerable<ITraktEpisode> Episodes { get; set; }

        int? CommentCount { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Copyright © 2018 Mingfu Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Quality of Experience (QoE) of video streaming services has been attracting more and more attention recently. Therefore, in this work we designed and implemented a real-time QoE monitoring system for streaming services with Adaptive Media Playout (AMP), which was implemented into the VideoLAN Client (VLC) media player to dynamically adjust the playout rate of videos according to the buffer fullness of the client buffer. The QoE monitoring system reports the QoE of streaming services in real time so that network/content providers can monitor the qualities of their services and resolve troubles immediately whenever their subscribers encounter them. Several experiments including wired and wireless streaming were conducted to show the effectiveness of the implemented AMP and QoE monitoring system. Experimental results demonstrate that AMP significantly improves the QoE of streaming services according to the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) estimated by our developed program. Additionally, some challenging issues in wireless streaming have been easily identified using the developed QoE monitoring system.
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) services  have been becoming increasingly popular among telecommunication companies. Network/service providers are concerned with not only the cost of constructing an IPTV service system  but also its service quality [3, 4]. In the past, Quality of Service (QoS) of network services is the main concern. However, QoS cannot accurately characterize the users' perception. Therefore, the concept of Quality of Experience (QoE) was proposed and studied recently [5–13].
The most accurate method to obtain QoE is doing subjective tests  that are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, we proposed a cost-effective and real-time QoE evaluation method in , where a hybrid QoE assessment scheme was employed. In the hybrid QoE assessment, subjective tests only need be performed occasionally for updating the parameters of QoS-QoE mapping functions. Hence, the cost of a hybrid QoE assessment scheme reduces significantly. In , the QoE measurement for P2P-based IPTV services was studied. Another paper  proposed a QoS/QoE mapping and adjustment model for the cloud-based multimedia infrastructure. Additionally, since streaming services over wireless networks have been becoming popular, the QoE enhancement algorithms, protocols, and evaluation methods for wireless streaming services were proposed [9–12]. In , Chen et al. presented a comprehensive survey of the evolution of video quality assessment methods and analyzed their characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks.
Since the QoE evaluation for streaming services becomes more and more important, several QoE evaluation or monitoring tools were developed [15–19]. A QoE monitoring tool for multimedia quality assessment in NS-3 network simulator was presented in . However, since the objective and full-reference QoE assessment method is used in , it is costly and cannot accurately indicate the users' perception in a real commercial video streaming system. The paper  developed a testbed, which allows obtaining conclusive results regarding QoE in video-mediated group communication, for controlled experiments. In , Jeong and Ahn designed the QoE monitoring function for video services by extending ITU-T IPTV QoS/QoE metrics and integrating to OMA-DM protocol agent. Although the monitoring service can improve the user experience, the presented QoE factors are still not good enough. In , the proposed concept, Monitoring of Audio Visual Quality by Key Performance Indicators (MOAVI), is able to isolate and focus investigation, set up algorithms, increase the monitoring period, and guarantee better prediction of perceptual quality. In , Ickin et al. added functionality to the VideoLAN Client (VLC) media player  to record a set of metrics from the user interface, application-level, network-level, and the available sensors of the device. Based on these metrics, the proposed VLQoE, a QoE instrumentation for video streaming, can infer the QoE of streaming services on a smartphone.
To improve the playout quality of video streaming services, Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) schemes [21, 22] have been used. In this work, an AMP playout system is implemented into the VLC media player, which is a free and open source cross-platform multimedia player. Since the playout rate of the AMP system can be dynamically adjusted during video playback, the effects of AMP on QoE must be considered as well. However, almost all the developed QoE monitoring tools in the literature [15–19] did not take the effects of AMP on QoE into account. Thus, in  we proposed the QoE monitoring system that takes the effects of AMP on QoE into consideration. Additionally, the most important feature of our proposed QoE monitoring system is that it can derive an overall QoE for several QoS metrics using the product form presented in . Our previous work  has shown that the product form performs much better than the conventional averaging techniques in deriving an overall QoE of multiple QoS metrics. Using the developed QoE monitoring program, network providers can identify network troubles and fix them in real time to improve the system performance and qualities.
The novelties and contributions of this paper are summarized as follows. First, the implemented QoE monitoring system takes the effects of AMP on QoE into consideration. Second, the developed QoE monitoring system derives an overall QoE from several QoS metrics such as the initial playout delay, packet loss rate, underflow time ratio, and normalized playout rate. Thirdly, we implement the AMP scheme, which was proposed in , into the VLC media player. Finally, the Group of Pictures- (GOP-) based cumulative average jitter , which is used to determine the playback threshold of the proposed AMP, is proposed to eliminate the effect of diverse frame sizes on the estimation of network jitter.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the implementation of the AMP playout system. Implementation of the QoE monitoring system is then introduced in Section 3. Section 4 conducts several experiments and evaluates the QoE performance of video streaming services using the developed programs. Finally, the concluding remarks are given in Section 5.
This section first describes the principles of AMP in Section 2.1. Then the implementation schemes, available programming tools, and some challenging issues on measurements or estimations of key parameters are addressed in Section 2.2.
In this work, we employ the freeware VLC media player to realize the AMP. The AMP is implemented according to our proposed scheme  whose principle is described briefly as follows. In addition to the conventional slowdown threshold , a dynamic playback threshold and a speedup threshold are designed. If the buffer fullness is below , the playout rate is reduced to avoid buffer underflow. When the buffer fullness exceeds the speedup threshold , the playout rate is increased to reduce the buffer fullness for avoiding buffer overflow. The Dynamic Playback Threshold Algorithm (DPTA) in  is designed to dynamically adjust the playback threshold , which affects the initial playout delay, under various network conditions. Whenever the current buffer fullness surpasses or equals , the playback starts immediately with the proper playout rate which is determined by the following equation:where is a random process and is estimated by the Arrival Process Tracking Algorithm (APTA) presented in . That is, depends on the frame arrival process at the client buffer and is limited between and , as shown in Figure 1. Anyone interested in the detailed derivation of and can refer to . The quadratic playout rate functions and in  are defined as follows:where is the uppermost threshold correlated to the buffer size at the client. Notably, the playout rate must be limited such that rate variations are unnoticeable or acceptable by users. The perception of a slowdown video is usually different from that of a speedup video for users. Therefore, two different restricted deviation ratios, denoted by and for and , respectively, are set for playout rates. The corresponding playout rate function of the proposed AMP is given by Figure 1. Numerical results in  have shown that the proposed AMP with quadratic playout rates performs much better than several conventional playout systems with linear playout rates and can adapt to different network load conditions for reducing the initial playout delay.
Figure 1: Playout rate function of the proposed AMP .
VLC media player provides a useful VLC ActiveX package whose architecture is given in Figure 2. The main component of VLC ActiveX package is LibVLC which supports several properties such as input, audio output, and video output. The input property collects all related parameters of the received video stream from the Network Interface Card (NIC) (Access), the network demultiplexer (Demux), and the video decoder (Decoder), as shown in Figure 2. Several useful statistical parameters in input.item():stats() are listed in Table 1. Based on these collected parameters from the input property, one can set and control the playout rate of the VLC media player to realize the AMP function.
Table 1: Receiving parameters in VLC input.item():stats().
Figure 2: Architecture of VLC ActiveX package.
According to the descriptions in Section 2.1, the playout rate mainly depends on the buffer fullness (in frames). To accurately measure the number demux_frames of demultiplexed video frames, one can directly analyze the packets arriving at the NIC card. By reading the "payload unit start indicator" bit in the header of each 188-byte MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream) packet, as shown in Figure 3, one can easily calculate the number demux_frames of video frames received. When the "payload unit start indicator" bit equals 1, a new MPEG-2 TS video frame is arriving. Hence, the buffer fullness can be computed by the following equation:After deriving the buffer fullness , the playout rate of the AMP media player can be dynamically adjusted according to (1). The command to dynamically set the playout rate of the VLC media player is defined by the function var.set(input, "rate", ). Although the currently developed program is designed for the MPEG-2 TS format, there is no difficulty to include other advanced video encoding technologies such as the H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC  in the future.
Figure 3: MPEG-2 TS packet format.
The dynamic playback threshold  is determined by where and are design parameters and is the average frame interarrival time. is the cumulative average jitter and is defined bywhere is the frame interarrival time between the -st and the th frames. However, video frames are categorized into I, B, and P frames and different types of frames usually have very different frame sizes. For example, the frame size of an I frame is usually much larger than that of a B or P frame. Hence, the frame interarrival time between two successive I and B (or P) frames may become relatively large because of the long transmission time of an I frame, compared with that between two successive B and P frames. Such variance of frame interarrival times maybe is not due to the network jitter but the diversity of frame sizes. To reduce the impact of frame size variation on the estimation of network jitter and estimate more accurately, in this work the average frame interarrival time within a GOP is used. Hence, the variable in (5) is replaced by , where , is the number of frames in a GOP, and is the interarrival time between the I frames of the -st and the th GOPs.
The procedures to implement the QoE monitoring system are described as follows. First, we propose an architecture for the QoE monitoring system. Next, several network-based QoS metrics are defined and their measurement methods are presented. Finally, the overall QoE evaluation method for the QoE monitoring system is introduced.
The architecture of our proposed QoE monitoring system is plotted in Figure 4. It includes the QoS measurement engine, QoE evaluation function, and performance reporting window. The QoS measurement engine is designed to collect the QoS metrics from the media player and the NIC card. These obtained QoS metrics are used by the QoE evaluation function for producing the overall QoE of video streaming services. All instantaneous QoS metrics and QoE results are reported in real time and the curve of overall QoE versus time is also displayed with a chart in the Graphic User Interface (GUI) for the monitoring purpose.
Figure 4: Architecture of the QoE monitoring system.
In the proposed QoE monitoring system, the considered QoS metrics include underflow time ratio , packet loss rate , initial playout delay , and normalized playout rate . The measurements of these parameters are described as follows.(a)Underflow time ratio : whenever an underflow event occurs, the underflow time starts to accumulate until the playback restarts again. At the same time, the number of underflow events is increased by 1. The underflow time ratio equals the ratio of accumulated underflow time to the total playback time duration. The accumulated underflow time can be computed according to the value of Status() provided by VLC Lua extension program, as shown in Figure 5. When the value of Status() changes into 2, the underflow timer turns ON until the value of Status() becomes 3. The sojourn time at the state with Status() = 2 is the underflow time. Whenever the underflow timer turns OFF, the accumulated underflow time is updated.(b)Packet loss rate : the packet loss rate is obtained by analyzing the number of receiving packets at the NIC card or using the network protocol analyzer such as Wireshark.(c)Initial playout delay : initial playout delay strongly depends on the buffering time set in VLC media player. However, in our implemented AMP this parameter is directly determined by the DPTA algorithm proposed in .(d)Normalized playout rate : whenever the playout rate is adjusted, the normalized playout rate is computed and saved. However, within each minute only the maximum and minimum normalized playout rates are used in our design . That is, the corresponding QoE of during every minute equals the mean of these two individual QoEs resulting from the maximum and minimum normalized playout rates.
Figure 5: Buffering mechanism in VLC player.
The scheme used in  consists of three steps to be done beforehand. First, several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) or QoS metrics, such as the initial playout delay, packet loss rate, underflow time ratio, and playout rate, were selected. Then several distorted videos were generated based on these selected QoS metrics. Second, subjective tests were conducted using human observers to rate the distorted videos in terms of Mean Opinion Score (MOS) . The ACR subjective test method was adopted in . However, the length of each distorted video clip is about 64 s rather than 10 s. Each distorted video clip was viewed and rated by no less than 30 viewers. The title of the used video clip, which is with the frame rate 30 fps, resolution 1920 1080 p, and video codec MPEG-2, is "Avatar." Thirdly, using the regression approach, the QoS-QoE mapping functions for individual QoS metrics were obtained. Finally, the product form of individual QoS-QoE mapping functions [5, 6] is used to derive the overall QoE of a video streaming service. Notably, although only four QoS metrics are considered in (6), the number of QoS metrics can be arbitrarily extended as needed.
In this section, we first briefly introduce the GUIs and functions of developed AMP and QoE monitoring programs. Subsequently, using the developed QoE monitoring program, several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of AMP. Finally, we use the QoE monitoring program to identify some challenging issues of wireless streaming.
The developed AMP is based on the VLC media player and its add-ons such as the Lua extension. Figure 6 shows the VLC media player and its Lua extension program. One can directly set the multicast IP of the streaming source and activate the AMP function on the VLC Lua extension program. Although in this paper the AMP is implemented into the VLC media player, there is no difficulty to implement it into other popular media players such as the MS Windows Media Player or YouTube Player. The QoE monitoring program, which is developed using the C++ Builder and is shown in Figure 7, evaluates and displays the overall QoE. The measured QoS and synthetic QoE/MOS are displayed in real time on the monitoring window, as shown in Figure 7. The corresponding QoEs of individual QoSs are displayed on the left side of the monitoring window while the curve of the overall QoE versus time is displayed on the right side of the monitoring window, as shown in Figure 7. By clicking the "Tools" on the menu bar of the QoE monitoring program, other detailed QoS metrics such as the interarrival time of video frames, normalized playout rate, number of packet losses, buffer fullness, and the jitter observed at the client can be displayed, as shown in Figure 8. By clicking the interested QoS parameter, such as the "MoveAvg Interarrival," the curve of the QoS versus time is immediately displayed on the monitoring window of Figure 8.
Figure 6: VLC media player and Lua program.
Figure 7: QoE/MOS monitoring program.
Figure 8: Monitoring tools for video packets at the client.
In order to demonstrate our AMP design and QoE monitoring system, the first experimental network scenario is constructed, as shown in Figure 9. The server pumps the video stream into the first router, followed by a bottleneck link and the second router. Finally, the disturbed video stream arrives at the receiver. All link capacities in Figure 9 are set to be 10 Mbps. The Pareto ON-OFF cross-traffic is injected into the bottleneck link using the Distributed Internet Traffic Generator (D-ITG) tool . Therefore, the video stream is disturbed by the cross-traffic in the bottleneck link and thus packet losses and jitters may occur. The video is encoded into the MPEG-2 TS at the streaming server and the RTP/UDP streaming protocol is employed. Table 2 lists the detailed information of the first test video and Table 3 lists the parameters of AMP. The other parameters not mentioned here are set the same as those in .
Table 2: Information of test video 1.
Table 3: Parameters setting in AMP.
Figure 9: Experimental network scenario 1.
First, the QoEs of two media playout systems with and without AMP are compared. The video server pumps a multicast stream into the network and two independent clients simultaneously receive the same multicast stream at the remote side. One client uses the media player with AMP, while the other one adopts the media player without AMP. The observed QoEs of these two systems with and without AMP under different cross-traffic rates 0, 4, and 8 Mbps are given in Figure 10. When the cross-traffic rate is not larger than 4 Mbps, the overall QoE is almost over 4, no matter whether the AMP is enabled or not. This is because the jitter, burstiness, and losses of video packets are very small under a low cross-traffic rate. Additionally, under a low cross-traffic rate the observed QoE on the media player without AMP remains very stable while the QoE on the media player with AMP slightly oscillates in the first minute. The reason is explained as follows. The media player without AMP can start playback only when the buffer fullness exceeds , yielding the initial playout delay about 4 s, and always plays the video with the normal playout rate. However, the media player with AMP can start playback earlier but with a lower initial playout rate. Since the initial playout rate of the media player with AMP is smaller than the normal playout rate, the observed QoE on the media player with AMP is slightly degraded in the first minute, as shown in Figure 10. Table 4 shows the measured initial playout delays of the media players with and without AMP. Because the initial playout delay in the media player with AMP is much smaller than that without AMP, the corresponding QoE of of the media player with AMP becomes better. When the cross-traffic rate becomes 8 Mbps, the video stream is seriously disturbed by the cross-traffic so that the observed QoE at the client becomes unacceptable (MOS < 3). The serious QoE degradation is mainly due to the increase of the number of underflow events and underflow time. However, the observed QoE on the media player with AMP is still much better than that without AMP, as shown in Figure 10.
Table 4: Initial playout delay and corresponding QoE.
Figure 10: Comparison of synthetic MOSs/QoEs between the systems with and without AMP under various cross-traffic rates.
The corresponding buffer fullness and the playout rate at the client under the cross-traffic rate 6 Mbps are shown in Figure 11. According to Figure 11, the buffer fullness of the system with AMP is more stable than that of the system without AMP. For the media player with AMP, the underflow events never happen because the buffer fullness never drops to an unacceptable low level after the playback. Although the playout rate of the media player with AMP varies, the deviation of the playout rate is never over 25% so that the QoE degradation resulting from it is still acceptable. However, for the media player without AMP, the buffer fullness during the time interval (10 s, 66 s) decreases almost linearly to zero and leads to an underflow event, yielding a significant QoE degradation. All results in Figures 10 and 11 demonstrate that the AMP significantly improves the QoE of streaming services.
Figure 11: Comparison of buffer fullness and normalized playout rates between systems with and without AMP (cross-traffic rate = 6 Mbps).
Video streaming over wireless networks has become very popular recently. However, it is still challenging to offer streaming services over wireless networks. To clearly identify the challenging issues of wireless streaming services, in this subsection the AMP function is not enabled in the media players of all receivers. To evaluate the QoE of wireless streaming services, the second network scenario shown in Figure 12 is considered and the first test video given in Table 2 is used. The video stream is multicast to two independent receivers at the last hop: via the IEEE 802.11n wireless link to Receiver 1 and via the wired link to Receiver 2. Receiver 1 is away from the WiFi AP by 2 m and no obstacle between them. Figure 13 shows the observed synthetic MOSs at Receivers 1 and 2 under different cross-traffic rates, using the QoE monitor program developed in this paper. By Figure 13, the QoE at Receiver 2 using a wired link is better than that at Receiver 1 using a wireless link. Even though no cross-traffic exists, the MOS of the video streaming service at Receiver 1 via the wireless link is less than 4. According to the QoS parameters measured at Receivers 1 and 2, the difference of QoE between them is mainly due to a higher packet loss rate in the wireless link.
Figure 12: Experimental network scenario 2.
Figure 13: Comparison of QoEs of streaming services between wired and wireless receivers under different cross-traffic rates.
Subsequently, to compare the performance of multicast and unicast, the network scenario 3 shown in Figure 14 is considered. The second video clip with the resolution 720 480 p and bit rate 1936 kbps is used, as shown in Table 5. Different numbers of similar unicast streams are pumped from the video server to the receivers using a wireless link at the last hop. The synthetic MOS of the streaming service at the receivers decreases significantly as the number of unicast streams increases, as shown in Figure 15. This is because the jitter, burstiness, and packet loss rate increase as the number of unicast streams in the network grows, yielding the QoE degradation at the receivers. Note that if the multicast scheme is used, only one video stream is required to be pumped into the network no matter how many receivers exist. That is, the QoE of video streaming services is irrelevant to the number of receivers if the multicast scheme is employed. Obviously, under the scenario that multiple users watch the same video stream, the multicast scheme performs much better than the unicast one in terms of QoE.
Table 5: Information of test video 2.
Figure 14: Experimental network scenario 3.
Figure 15: Impact of number of unicast streams on MOS of wireless receivers.
Finally, to investigate the impact of transmission distance and obstacles on the QoE of wireless streaming services, the wireless network scenario 4 plotted in Figure 16 is considered and the second test video given in Table 5 is used. The video stream is multicast to several wireless receivers at different positions in our labs. No cross-traffic is injected into the network. No obstacles exist between the wireless AP and the receivers at Locations 1 and 2. However, the receiver at Location 1 is much closer to the AP than the receiver at Location 2 is. There are cupboards and a wall between the AP and the receiver at Location 3. The receiver at Location 4 is outside the door of our lab and is isolated from the AP by a wall. The other receiver at Location 5 is also isolated from the AP by a wall and cupboards. All receivers receive the same multicast stream simultaneously and their individual MOSs are estimated using the developed QoE monitoring program. The results are shown in Figure 17, where the MOSs of the receivers located at Locations 1 and 2 are the best because no obstacle blocks the wireless signals for them, while the MOSs of the receivers located at Locations 4 and 5 are the worst because there exist cupboards and a wall between them and the AP. The MOS of the receiver located at Location 3 is better than those located at Locations 4 and 5 because the receiver at Location 3 is much closer to the AP than those at Locations 4 and 5 are. Accordingly, the distance and the number of obstacles between the WiFi AP and the receivers strongly affect the QoE of wireless streaming services.
Figure 16: Experimental network scenario 4.
Figure 17: Impact of transmission distances and obstacles on QoE of wireless streaming services.
In this work, an AMP and a real-time QoE monitoring system for video streaming services are realized. The AMP design is implemented into the freeware VLC media player. The QoE monitoring system can measure several key QoS metrics such as the packet loss rate, underflow time ratio, initial playout delay, and the playout rates of a video streaming service and derive the overall QoE in real time. Several experiments are conducted in various scenarios including wired and wireless networks. All numerical results demonstrate that the QoE monitoring system works well and the proposed AMP significantly improves the QoE of video streaming services. Using the real-time QoE monitoring system, network/content providers can find the network troubles and resolve them timely to maintain good QoEs for users. In the future, more advanced video codecs such as H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC will be implemented into the developed system.
This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Grant NSC101-2221-E-182-004 and Grant MOST106-2221-E-182-012-MY2.
L. Qian, H. Chen, and L. Xie, "SVM-based QoE estimation model for video streaming service over wireless networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications Signal Processing (WCSP), Nanjing, China, 2015.
ITU-T Rec. P.910, "Subjective video quality assessment methods for multimedia applications," 2008.
VideoLAN- VLC medial player official site, http://www.videolan.org/.
ITU-T Rec. P.800, "Mean opinion score (MOS) terminology," 2003.