Food is fundamental to many aspects of culture and religion. You can also use food to communicate basic ideas about science because classical and modern biotechnologies are so commonplace in food production. Food is familiar, accessible, inexpensive and safe; and therefore it's a great topic to use in helping develop inquiry skills in students--no matter what their age.
I often open biotechnology workshops with a familiar activity: shaking cream into butter. Fill a plastic canister half full with cream, snap on a lid, and have some unlucky participant shake it like crazy for a few minutes. Meanwhile, ask the other people a series of questions: Is this hands-on? active? concrete? kinetic? When the cream has turned to butter, ask: Have we proven that shaking is essential? Have we done an experiment?
Most answer "yes" to all six. And therein lies a core challenge for teachers and scientists who work with students: how to convince them that not all demonstrations are experiments.
"There is no trick more infuriating," wrote Sinclair Lewis in Arrowsmith, his 1925 book on the scientific enterprise, than "the trick of using the word 'control' in reference to the person or animal or chemical left untreated during an experiment, as a standard for comparison." Infuriating, that is, to people who fail to include such comparisons in their research. Lewis, who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature largely on the strength of Arrowsmith, created the fictional Professor Gottlieb who "always snorted 'Where was your control? How many cases did you have under identical conditions, and how many of them did not get the treatment?'"
While most students take the English word "control" to mean "to precisely regulate," I wonder if the German verb "kontrollieren" meaning "to check, to supervise, to examine" as well as "to control" isn't closer to the meaning intended by experimenters.
Gottlieb's demand for a fair comparison is still a question that separates experimental science from other ways of knowing. In many types of classrooms students are judged by their answer to the question, "What do you know?" If you're a practicing scientist working with students in a lab, you could do them a favor by emphasizing an additional question: "How do you know that?" Demonstrations may show what you know, but experiments show how you know it.
Bench scientists tend to be skeptical. They seem to be from Missouri, with "Show Me" punched on their state of mind. That's a valuable if undervalued mindset to impart to students. Look at the butter activity: have we really proven that shaking is essential? One definition of "to prove" is to "to test". Have we really tested that shaking is essential?
This skepticism generates creativity. How many other possible explanations can the participants list? Was it perhaps the temperature from the hand, the effect of exposure to light or to air or to plastic? Maybe the cream would have set spontaneously, without shaking, had we just let it sit. So how do we test those ideas?
Creativity generates competing ideas, and ingenuity finds ways to test the competing ideas. The simple, but not obvious, answer is to do an experiment: take two identical canisters, both half full of cream, and put one in each hand. Shake one, but not the other. The second is the control, the one "left untreated during an experiment, as a standard for comparison." If any of the other factors (temperature, air, light, etc.) is sufficient, then the cream in both canisters should turn to butter. But if only the cream in the shaken canister turns, while the cream in the other remains unchanged, you have tested and found that shaking is essential.
One way to underscore the crucial nature of comparison is to ask a series of questions: How many hands do you have? And what can you do because you have two hands? You can contemplate not just one item, but you can simultaneously compare two things. What's the Roman numeral for 2? II, two parallel lines. The difference between a demonstration (or a protocol or a recipe) and an experiment is the difference between I and II. In a recipe, you just follow one line of instructions. In an experiment, you do two things in parallel, two things that differ by only one factor, so any difference in result can be attributed to the difference in treatment.
Passing off demonstrations as experiments can confuse students. A common activity of biotechnology workshops is extracting DNA from onion or from calf thymus (the butcher's "sweetbreads"). While often referred to as an "experiment" it's really just a demonstration. Grind some tissue, add some detergent, spin and save the liquid, add some cold ethanol, and the student gets some slimy stuff--it's DNA!
Well, maybe. The student so far has followed a protocol, and really can't conclude anything about the slime. Now is the time for skepticism: How do I know this contains some DNA? Might it also contain carbohydrate? protein? What experiments can I do to test these ideas?
The first product of recombinant DNA technology in the US food supply was a chymosin (rennet) produced by Pfizer Dairy Ingredients using a genetically engineered bacterium and introduced in 1990 under the tradename CHY-MAX. Chymosin is a protein enzyme found in the slime of stomachs of calves ("chyme" means stomach slime in ancient Greek). The enzyme coagulates milk and is used in cheesemaking to form curds.
You can use chymosin from any source to introduce students to a product of industrial biotechnology. You'll have a choice: do a demo by adding some chymosin to warm milk and watch it coagulate, and then you can explain what happened. Or have the students do an experiment by adding some chymosin to one vessel of warm milk and none to a second vessel, and have them analyze the results.
One approach sets you up as the authority. The other tells the students that their investigations, their careful comparisons, their experiments, are valid ways to know. This is the difference between "knowing" and "knowing how"--the difference between knowing just the conclusions, and knowing how people can design experiments that generate the evidence that test the ideas.


Other References: "Kodak Picture Maker Demo", http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=1308&pq-locale=en.su- b.--US&.sub.--requestid=2733, Apr. 30,2007. cited by other.
Abstract: Processing a collection of images includes identifying a theme for the collection of images, and performing batch processing on the collection of images. The batch processing includes applying a pre-defined group of image editing operations to the images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the identified theme.
1. A method of processing a collection of images, the method comprising: receiving identification of a theme selected from among plural themes for the collection ofimages; labeling predefined groups of image editing operations according to corresponding ones of the plural themes, wherein each of the predefined groups includes respective image editing operations; performing, by a processor, batch processing on thecollection of images, the batch processing including applying a particular one of the plural predefined groups of image editing operations to the images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme, wherein theparticular predefined group is associated with the selected theme; and outputting, by the processor, the edited images for printing.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically ascertaining the selected theme from a context of the images in the collection.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular predefined group includes multiple, sequential image editing operations.
4. A method of editing a document including a collection of images, the method comprising processing the collection of images according to the method of claim 1.
5. A method comprising creating a publication including processing the publication according to the method of claim 1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the batch processing is performed on at least some of content, designs and advertisements.
7. A system comprising: a memory to store a collection of images; and a processor to: cause display of a plurality of different themes; receive selection of a particular one of the themes, wherein plural predefined groups of image editingoperations are labeled according to respective ones of the themes, wherein each of the predefined groups includes respective image editing operations, and wherein a particular one of the predefined groups is associated with the particular theme; performbatch processing on the collection of images, the batch processing including applying the image editing operations of the particular predefined group to the images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the particular theme; and output the edited images for printing.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein receiving the selection of the particular theme comprises automatically selecting the particular theme by ascertaining a context of the images.
9. The system of claim 7, comprising a server system including the memory and the processor.
10. A photofinishing system comprising the server system of claim 7.
11. A picture kiosk comprising the system of claim 7.
12. A publishing system comprising the system of claim 7.
13. A printer comprising the system of claim 7.
14. An article comprising non-transitory machine memory encoded with program data that upon execution by a processor causes the processor to: receive a selected theme from a plurality of themes; label predefined groups of image editingoperations according to corresponding ones of the plurality of themes, wherein each of the predefined groups includes respective image editing operations; perform batch processing on a collection of images, the batch processing including applying imageediting operations of a particular one of the predefined groups to the images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme, wherein the particular predefined group is associated with the selected theme; and outputthe edited images for printing.
15. The article of claim 14, wherein the program data also causes the machine to automatically select one of the themes by ascertaining a context of the image collection.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, performing, and outputting are performed by the processor in a printer.
17. The article of claim 14, wherein the processor is part of a printer.
Image editing programs allow all sorts of changes to be made to digital images. Conventional programs offer image editing operations such as color correction, sharpening, contrast adjustments, and filtering, to name but a few.
However, editing an image can take time, as it is often desirable to perform multiple, sequential image editing operations. And if a collection of images is being edited, the total time spent on image editing increases with the complexity andnumber of image editing operations on each image in the collection, as well as the number of images in the collection.
In some environments, it is not possible or convenient to perform complex image editing on a collection of images. Consider a picture kiosk. A customer uploads a collection of images to the kiosk, selects those images to be printed, indicatesthe number of prints for each selected image, optionally chooses a print package (e.g., 4''.times.6'', 5''.times.7'', 8''.times.10''), and commands the kiosk to make prints. Some picture kiosks do not provide a means for editing images before the imagesare printed and purchased. Other picture kiosks provide rudimentary image editing operations (e.g., red eye correction, zoom and crop, color correction, and brightness and contrast adjustment) on a selected image. Some picture kiosks allow holidaycards or a calendar to be made from a selected image. Here too, the time spent on editing increases with the number and complexity of the image editing operations and the number of images that are edited. Moreover, standing at a picture kiosk for alength of time can be inconvenient both to the customer and to others waiting to use the kiosk.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an image editing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a print fulfillment method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a publishing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference is made to FIG. 1, which illustrates a method of processing a collection of digital images. The digital images are not limited to any particular type.
The processing includes identifying a theme for the collection of images (block 110), and performing batch processing on the collection of images. The batch processing includes applying a pre-defined group of image editing operations to theimages to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the identified theme (block 120).
As used herein, a theme refers to a distinct characteristic produced by a set of image editing operations. In a portrait theme, facial blemishes could be reduced, eyes whitened and background de-emphasized. In an outdoor theme, sky and foliagecould be given hue-specific vividness boosts and sunsets and snow scenes could be processed according to specific local contrast properties. Other themes could include, without limitation, a holiday theme, a sports theme, an anniversary theme, a cartoontheme, a daguerreotype theme, an astronomy theme, a retro theme, a film noir theme, etc.
Other processing could be performed as well. For example, text, borders and other objects can be superimposed over the images to add to the look and feel.
A theme can be identified in various ways. In some embodiments, a menu of different themes can be displayed, and one of the menu items can be selected. In some embodiments, a theme can be entered directly (e.g., by entering text).
In some embodiments a theme could be identified automatically. An image processing algorithm could ascertain a theme from context of the images. As a first example, a collection of images is associated with a magazine, and the context isdetermined from the type of magazine. As a second example, a collection of images contains metadata or tags, and the context is determined from the metadata or tags. As a third example, themes are inferred through file or directory names. As a fourthexample, themes are recognized by people who are trained to recognize themes.
As a fifth example, images are analyzed using software. For instance, face detection software is used to determine whether images are primarily portraits of people. To those images that are considered portraits, a portrait theme could beapplied.
The distinct characteristic of the selected theme might not be expressed in the same way in each edited image. However, the selected theme is apparent when the entire collection of edited images is viewed. Thus, the edited images have a lookand feel that is consistent with the selected theme.
Consider an example of a collection of forty images captured at a party at a restaurant. Using the method of FIG. 1, different attendees could select different themes for this collection of images. One attendee could select a "Saint Patrick'sDay" theme, in which a mild greenish color cast is purposely introduced, edges are slightly blurred and other image processing is applied. Another attendee might select a "Goth" theme, in which the images in the collection have their local contrastreduced, the usage of black increased, flesh tones desaturated, and other image processing consistent with the Goth theme applied.
The pre-defined groups of image editing operations are not limited to any particular image editing operations or to any particular order of operations to achieve a look and feel. The same look and feel can often be accomplished by differentsets of image editing operations. A pre-defined group could include multiple, sequential image editing operations, such as color correction, sharpening, contrast adjustments, and filtering, to name but a few.
There are advantages to batch processing with pre-defined groups of image editing operations. The pre-defined groups can be determined in advance by people who are experts in image editing. A layperson might not know which instructions, orcombinations of instructions to use in order to express a theme. A layperson might not have the time or patience to learn.
By labeling predefined groups of image editing operations according to themes, the image editing operations are usually easier to comprehend. A large number of possible image processing operations are collapsed into to a much smaller and yetstill useful number of fixed components.
By using pre-defined groups of image editing operations, image editing is not limited to a few rudimentary image editing operations. Complex image processing can be performed with multiple disparate operations, quickly and simply by making asingle selection.
Groups of image editing instructions can be optimized by trial and error. Even a person who has acquired expertise in image editing could benefit.
A method according to the present invention is useful for image editing programs that run on a workstation or personal computer. For example, a GUI of an image editing program or web browser includes a menu that lists different themes and thatalso allows a collection if images to be selected. When a theme is selected, a pre-defined group of image editing operations is applied to the selected collection of images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the selectedtheme.
A method according to the present invention is especially useful for print fulfillment. Print fulfillment refers to a situation where a customer purchases one or more prints from another party that does the printing. Examples of printfulfillment include online photofinishing services and picture kiosks. A method according to the present invention allows a customer to make complex image editing operations, quickly and conveniently, before the images are printed and the printspurchased.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates an example of print fulfillment. A customer uploads content to a print fulfillment provider (block 210). The print fulfillment provider offers a set of themes to the customer (block 220), andthe customer selects a theme (block 230). The fulfillment provider performs batch processing on the images to give the images a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme (block 240), and displays the edited images to the customer (block250). If satisfied with the edited images, the customer purchases the edited images (block 260). The print fulfillment provider makes prints of the purchased images (block 270) and, if necessary, delivers the prints to the customer.
As an added advantage, a customer could experiment with and preview different themes on a collection of images (block 255). This could be done sequentially (e.g., a customer applies a first theme to the images and previews the collection, thenapplies a second theme, and so on), or in parallel (a customer selects multiple themes for comparison, and a layout is displayed of one or more images that were edited according to different themes).
A method according to the present invention is also useful for creating documents that contain collections of images. For example, a GUI of a desktop publishing program includes a menu having different themes.
A method according to the present invention can also be used in combination with the publishing system described in assignee's U.S. Ser. No. 11/741,718 filed 27 Apr. 2007, U.S. Publication No. 2008/0270358, which is incorporated herein byreference. The publishing system provides a publisher interface that is dedicated to receive information about creating a publication and that is also dedicated to initiate a search of an information store. The information store contains informationabout different members who can contribute to various phases of publication creation. The information store is searched to identify at least one member who can contribute to the creation of the publication.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates an example of creating a publication with a publisher interface described in U.S. Ser. No. 11/741,718. At block 310, the publication is created. The publication can be created with orwithout the publisher interface. The publication can be created in electronic form.
At block 320, the publisher interface is used to select a theme and have a set of image editing operations applied to the publication so the publication has a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme. The publisher interface canbe used by a publisher or by any member who has been selected to contribute to creating the publication. The publisher interface may include a menu item for selecting a theme. A pre-defined group of image editing operations corresponding to theselected theme can be applied to content, designs, and advertisements in the publication. For instance, both content and advertisements following a selected theme might catch a reader's eye and make the advertisements easier to find or stand out.
At block 330, the publisher selects one or more print service providers to print the publication. The online photofinishing service might also be selected as a print service provider.
A method according to the present invention can also be useful for a standalone display device (e.g., a printer) having the means to receive a collection of images. A display device can be pre-programmed to display a menu that offers differentthemes, and apply a set of image editing operations to the images so the images have a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme. Thus, a method according to the present invention can transform a display device such as a printer into apowerful image editing machine.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which illustrates an exemplary system 400 for editing a collection of images. The system 400 includes a means 410 (e.g., memory reader, network card, wireless receiver, USB port) for accessing a collection ofimages), and a machine 420 including a processor 422 and memory 424. The system 400 further includes a display device 430 (e.g., a video monitor, a print engine), and an input device 440 (e.g., a keypad). The memory 424 is encoded with data 426 forcausing the machine 420 to display a plurality of different themes on the display device 430, receive a selected theme from the input device 440, and perform batch processing on a collection of images by applying image editing operations on the images togive the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the selected theme.
In some embodiments of the present invention, these various components 410-440 could be integrated into a single package. A picture kiosk according to an embodiment of the present invention could contain all of these components 410-440. Aprinter according to an embodiment of the present invention could contain all of these components 410-440. A computer according to an embodiment of the present invention could contain all of these components 410-440.
Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which illustrates another exemplary system--a server system 510--for editing a collection of images. The server system 510 communicates with client devices 520 via a network 530. The client devices 520 canupload images to the server system 510. Examples of client devices 520 include, but are not limited to, computers (e.g., desktop, laptop, PDAs and other handheld devices), mobile phones, printers, portable media players, gaming consoles, video cameras,and digital cameras.
The server system 510 includes networked processors 512 and memory 514. The memory 514 is encoded with data 516 for causing the server system 510 to run a web site that allows the client devices 520 to upload images to the server system 510,and chose a theme for the images. The data 516 also causes the server system 520 to perform batch processing by applying image editing operations to each collection of images to give the edited images a look and feel that is consistent with the selectedtheme.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the server system 510 can be part of an online photofinishing system. The photofinishing system could also include a means (e.g., networked printers) for making prints.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sever system 510 could be part of a publishing system. The publishing system could also include search capability and an information store.


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TV Series Like The Mole
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About The Mole
A game show in which globe-trotting contestants solve puzzles and complete tasks in order to win a cash prize -- all while trying to figure out who among them is a player planted to sabotage the game.
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Show Name The Mole
Network Netflix
Top Cast Anderson Cooper Dorothy Hui Heather Campbell Willison
Genres Adventure Game-Show Mystery
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Status of World's Women – Report 2011-2012
August 1, 2011 / Uddari / Leave a comment
"Progress of the World's Women 2011-2012: In Pursuit of Justice" by UN Women.
By Myra Imran
Raising numerous serious questions regarding lacunas in the prevalent justice systems around the world, the UN Women launched its first major report titled 'Progress of the World's Women 2011-2012 — In Pursuit of Justice' in Pakistan on Friday.
Presenting a comparative analysis of global statistics, the first major report following the organisation's launch in early 2011, mentions that justice remains out of the reach of millions of the world's women. It says Domestic violence is outlawed in 125 countries of the world but globally, 603 million women live in countries where domestic violence is not considered a crime.
Laws based on custom or religion, which exist alongside state legislation, frequently restrict women's rights within the family, in marriage, divorce and the right to inherit property. "Much has been achieved in the private and public spheres in the last century. Yet discrimination and gender injustice remain prevalent around the world."
The report says that 117 countries have equal pay laws yet, in practice, women are still paid up to 30 per cent less than men in some countries and women still do more unpaid domestic and caring work than men in every region of the world.
It points out that globally, 53 per cent of working women — 600 million in total — are in vulnerable jobs, such as self-employment, domestic work or unpaid work for family businesses, which often lack the protection of labour laws.
Highlighting another such dimension, the report says that by 2011, at least 52 countries had made marital rape a criminal offence. And yet, over 2.6 billion women live in countries where it has not been explicitly criminalized.
It mentions that in countries where there have been steep increases in women's representation in Parliaments, progressive laws on women's rights have often followed yet there are still less than 30 per cent of women in parliament in the vast majority of countries. It further mentions that donors spend US$4.2 billion annually on aid for justice reform, but only 5 per cent of this spending specifically targets women and girls.
The report also recognises the positive progress made and says that 139 countries and territories now guarantee gender equality in their constitutions but it also shows that too often, women continue to experience injustice, violence and inequality in their home and working lives.
To ensure justice becomes a reality for all women, UN Women calls on governments to repeal laws that discriminate against women, support innovative justice services, put women on the frontline of justice delivery and invest in justice system that can respond to women's need.
It stresses the need to ensure that legislation protects women from violence and inequality in the home and the workplace and demands innovative justice services such as one-stop shops, legal aid and specialised courts, to ensure women can access the justice to which they are entitled.
The report says that across the board, existing laws are too often inadequately enforced, the report finds. Many women shrink away from reporting crimes due to social stigma and weak justice systems. The costs and practical difficulties of seeking justice can be prohibitive — from travel to a distant court, to paying for expensive legal advice. The result is high drop-out rates in cases where women seek redress, especially on gender-based violence.
The thought provoking and colourful launching of report was attended by a large number of women right activists, representatives of civil society organisations, lawyer's associations and law enforcing agencies. Speaker National Assembly Dr Fehmida Mirza was the chief guest on the occasion.
Others who spoke at the event included Federal Ombudsperson for Harassment Act Mussarat Hilali, President Lawyers for Human Rights Zia Awan, AIG Islamabad Ehsan Sadiq and Country Director UN Women Alice Shakleford.
The speakers stressed the need for collaborative efforts to create an enabling environment for women in pursuit justice. They pointed out that enough legislation has been formulated in Pakistan for women in past few decades but the real issue is the effective implementation of these laws. They also demanded elimination of discriminatory laws.
Besides formal speeches made by the guests, the event included an interactive session with the stakeholders and poetry recitation by UN Gender Expert Salman Asif who read some of the very fine verses by eminent social worker Bilqees Edhi urging everyone to feel for women in distress and help them.
Another unique feature was the audio of inspiring stories of women survivors played for the guests. These women faced extreme forms of violence against women but were brave enough to fight back and become a role model for others.
Speaker Dr Fehmida Mirza said that no system can claim to be democratic and participatory if it fails to include and address the issues concerning its women. She said that women's pursuit for justice stretches back beyond recorded time to the myths and legends told by ancient seers in all cultures and civilisations.
"Societies were always hesitant in accepting them on a par with their men. It is high time that we make our society realize that gender roles, inequities and power imbalances are not a 'natural' result of biological differences, but determined by the systems and cultures in which we live."
She highlighted the efforts of Pakistan People's Part to bring women in the lime light at every level. She said that in the last three years of its 5-year tenure, the women Parliamentarians ran 60 per cent of the business in the National Assembly and the government has passed 77 bills in which more than a dozen relate to women and children.
"Laws hold a critical balance in shaping societies although they alone cannot bring a change in mindsets. No government, no matter how democratic in nature, can bring about a revolution on its own if it is not backed by a strong and committed public opinion," she opined.
She said that Pakistan will hold the seventh meeting of the Women Speakers of Parliaments around the world in November this year, where the women speakers will focus on making parliaments more gender sensitive. At the Saarc Speakers Conference in Delhi, she has also proposed the creation of a Saarc Parliament which could allow the Parliamentarians of the region to jointly address issues of social injustice, the speeding up of the MDGs and the realization of an equity-based gender-balanced mutually beneficial Saarc community.
National Commission on the Status of Women-Pakistan
Phone: +92-51-9224875,9209885
comms@ncsw.gov.pk
www.ncsw.gov.pk
ASIA: Unabated violence against women impedes social change
March 8, 2011 / Uddari / 1 Comment
A Statement from the Asian Human Rights Commission on the occasion of the International Women's Day
For 100 years now, a strong struggle for equal rights between genders has been taking place in the world. International women's day is the opportunity to celebrate women's economic, political and social achievements. It is the day to acknowledge the enormous potential of women in service of the prosperity of their communities and the core societal role they have to play for peace and political and economic development in their countries. Having educated and empowered women actively participating in every sphere of the public life of their country has for long been acknowledged as the key to development and prosperity in all the countries of the world. Discrimination against women has been formally recognized as a violation of human dignity and as riding roughshod over the concept that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and in rights. Nevertheless, in numerous corners of the Asian region, direct and indirect violence and discrimination, under various forms continue to oppress women and prevent them from fully achieving their potential for change. Through 2010 and since the beginning of 2011, the Asian Human Rights Commission has been aware of numerous cases of such oppression. The diversity of Asia clearly illustrates that the formal recognition of equal rights without discrimination based on gender and criminalization of gender-based violence has failed to materialize in practice. Violence against women is sometimes justified through the evocation of tradition and religion and is exploiting the weak rule of law framework of numerous Asian countries to the advantage of the male-dominated society. It is used to control the behaviour of women, prevent them from freely taking part in public debate and continuously undermines the expression of women's potential for change in Asia.
The Global Gender Gap Index of 2010 offered a clear overview of the disparities which exists in the Asian region with regard to the country level of advancement in terms of equality of rights and opportunities between genders. The Philippines and Sri Lanka rank respectively as 9th and 16th out of 134 countries in terms of gender equality, mostly due to the achievements of those two countries in reducing the gender-gap in education and health while Pakistan ranks the third worst country in the world in terms of gender equality. Thailand ranks 57th globally but ranks among the best countries in terms of maternal health and 36th in terms of economic opportunity for the women, with women representing the majority (51%) of the non-agricultural labour force, a rarity in the Asian context. The gender situation in Bangladesh and Indonesia is less optimistic: ranking respectively as 82th and 87th. The scores of both countries are increased only by the fact that they have women as their head of State, but their scores in terms of economic empowerment, access to education and health are very low. Closing this ranking are India (112th), Nepal (114th) and Pakistan (132th) with extremely important discrepancies between genders in all spheres of life.
In a number of Asian countries patriarchal cultural and religious traditions are invoked to systematically control women's lives, their free will and even their bodies and hamper the full realization of their potential. In India, discrimination rooted in gender prejudices that foster stereotypical roles for the girl child and women is one of the reasons for the poor state of affairs of women. The concept of purity and submission superimposed upon women by cultural and religious practices, restrict their access to education and limits their freedom to choose the employment of their choice. The continuing practice of demanding and paying dowry, though prohibited by the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 limits the parents' interest to educate a girl child.
Another example is the common practice in some communities in Pakistan that at the time of birth of a girl, she is declared engaged to be married to a boy which will prevent the 'engaged' girl from freely choosing her future as her fate is sealed from the day of her birth.
Similarly, honour killings remain a strong issue in South Asia. The women being seen as carrying the honour of the family can be murdered if a family or the community considers that she is following a path different to what was expected of her. The United Nations Population Fund estimates that 5,000 women die each year in honour killings worldwide. However, the actual number is likely to be much higher as the cases largely go unreported.
Another example of religion or tradition being invoked by the community to control the lives of the women was seen in a case reported in August 2010 from Sri Lanka. A husband was forced by community members of the local mosque to sign a document agreeing to the punishment of his 17-year-old wife for having given birth to a child as a result of an extra-marital relationship. The woman, who was sick, was then beaten 100 times with the hard centre stem of a coconut frond.
Similarly, in Bangladesh, the Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women expressed its concern in February 2011 that "despite the High Court's decision that the extra-judicial punishments, fatwas, are illegal, there are reports of illegal penalties being enforced through shalish rulings to punish "anti-social and immoral behaviour". In January 2011, a 14-year-old girl was "lashed to death" following a punishment given by a village court consisting of elders and clerics under the Shari'ah law, after being accused of having an affair with a married man.
In some countries the "traditions" invoked to maintain the women in a state of oppression benefit from the support of the authorities, like in Pakistan, or are even reflected in the legal framework like in Aceh where some of the criminal laws are based on the misinterpretation of the Shari'ah. A 2010 report by Human Rights Watch "Policing morality" on the law related to "seclusion" which makes association with a unmarried member of the opposite sex a criminal offense punishable by caning and a fine and to public dress requirement, two of the five Shari'ah laws in Aceh, revealed that these laws are abusively implemented by the authorities and document cases of aggressive interrogation, including beating of the suspects, forcing the suspects to marry and forcing women and girls to submit to virginity examinations as part of the investigation.
The Jirga courts in Pakistan oppress women's rights and, though illegal, are tolerated or even supported by the authorities. Jirgas deny the equality between women and men, apply corporal or capital punishments upon women whose behaviour is seen as deviating from traditional standards and lack standards of fair trial. In July 2010, a woman was condemned to stoning to death by a Jirga merely for having been seen as walking alone with a man. In May 2010, a young couple was marked for death by a Jirga that included police officers because the woman had denied a suitor selected by her family in favour of her husband, who came from outside of the tribe. Despite an eventual Sindh High Court ruling in favour of the couple, community members and police continued to persecute the couple and the groom's family. Legal and social complicity results in near impunity for those who continue to abide by the Jirga rather than law and perpetrates honour killings. The government has not been seen to take any sort of action to pronounce the Jirgas' ruling as illegal and to dismantle them by taking action against the individuals engaged in running them.
Those cultural and religious representations remain strong obstacles in the way of women who want to take an active part in the future of their communities. Even in countries which are trying to achieve a 33% representation of women in the Parliament, such target remains very hard to reach; Nepal being the only Asian country to have achieved that goal so far. Women seeking emancipation are the target of those who want to maintain the patriarchal order of the society and see female emancipation as a direct threat to their own power and social status.
Acid attacks in Bangladesh and Pakistan against women who dare to say "no" to a marriage or a relationship are a case in point. Threats and harassment against women human rights defenders in Nepal further show the society resistance to those seen as challenging the established social order.
In some countries, women are considered as simple chattel that can be exchanged to maintain the relationship between families; to settle conflicts or a commodity that can, more simply, be sold. In February 2011, the AHRC documented a case of marriage which was opposed by the 70-year-old father of the bride in Pakistan. As "compensation" for the marriage and the loss of his daughter, the father demanded the barter of a girl from the groom's family.
In South Asia, cases of dowry disputes and dowry deaths also reveal the value placed upon a woman's life. These are cases where the groom's family claims that they had not received enough material benefits to accept the woman into the family. Those claims may result in assault, mental and physical harassment of the bride, and ultimately, in her killing.
Further, Asia continues to suffer from a massive phenomenon of trafficking in women. In many cases the authorities cooperate with trafficking rings and brothels were women are kept, effectively imprisoned for sex work. Due to the irregular immigration of trafficked women, the victims often have no legal status in the country where they are trafficked to and risk detention should they try to escape or lodge a complaint with the local authorities. In Thailand, sex workers are particularly at risk of exploitation and stigmatisation with cases of arrest and humiliation commonly reported, while rape cases of women sex workers are not properly dealt with.
All the cases mentioned above clearly show a pattern that, although the attitude of state actors is primordial in dealing with cases of violence against women, the functioning of law enforcement agencies in practice reflects the patriarchal values of the society and further contribute to oppress the women. The systematic failures of the criminal justice systems have been exploited by perpetrators to deny justice and protection to the victims of gender-based violence and to maintain the women in a situation of vulnerability. For instance, in almost all the countries in Asia, authorities at all levels of the judicial system have denied assistance and justice to rape victims and protected the perpetrators, resulting in a de facto "decriminalisation of rape". Victims of rape and gender-based violence seeking legal redress face harassment, threats from the authorities and community members and often the courage required to confront such obstacles to get justice is only rewarded with impunity for the perpetrators. This starts from the moment the victim makes the complaint of rape. In almost all of Asia there are incidents of police officers refusing to accept the complaint, forcing the victim to negotiate a settlement with the perpetrators or in specific countries even to marry the perpetrators.
Collusion between the perpetrators of rape and police officers is common. Further, the social stigma surrounding rape and women filing cases in the police station and economic dependency of women are the most important of all obstacles hampering the women's access to redress.
In a case in Nepal last July, the police took the rape victim in custody twice at the demand of the perpetrators which resulted in having all the physical traces of rape disappear. In Sri Lanka, in January 2011, the family of a 23-year-old physically and mentally disabled rape victim was forced by the police to accept monetary compensation from the perpetrator as a settlement for the case. In Pakistan, in December 2010, a woman was raped by a local gangster with the help of two police informers and was forced by the police to withdraw her complaint. In India, women face additional risks at the hands of law enforcement officers than their male counterparts due to the risk of sexual harassment and even custodial rape. In a case reported on 1 February this year, once again from Assam state, the police officers assaulted and sexually abused a woman and her mother when the officers came to their house in search of a male suspect. In this case too, the police have refused to register a case against the accused despite written complaints.
These cases, from different corners of Asia, illustrate that protecting the right of women is intrinsically linked to the state of rule of law in the country, in particular to a sensitisation of the police and to the introduction of accountability within the ranks of law enforcement agencies.
All over Asia, the situation of women belonging to communities which are traditionally marginalized and discriminated against deserves a special mention as those women will be exploited at several levels with even less access to judiciary and state institutions than women belonging to the dominant majority in the country.
In India and Nepal for instance, women belonging to the Dalit or tribal communities are more vulnerable to rape as their lives and dignity are seen as less valuable and they have less access to judicial institutions. Nepal has also recently seen an increase in cases of isolated women, often widows and often from the Dalit community, being trashed, violently beaten, tortured and forced to eat human excreta after being accused of "witchcraft" by villagers. The Women's Rehabilitation Center (WOREC) has documented 82 such cases within two years. In Pakistan, women from religious minorities are targeted, abducted and forcibly married to convert them to Islam. It is estimated that 20 to 25 Hindu girls are abducted each month and forcibly converted to Islam. In March 2010, the family of a 17-year-old Hindu girl who was kidnapped by three influential Muslim brothers and raped by one of them, was pressured into accepting her wedding to her rapist and her conversion to Islam by a jirga. Judicial and police inaction went as far as arresting the victim's father under a fake case and intense pressure from ruling party members and local landlords prevented the family from seeking further assistance.
The targeting of women from marginalized castes or classes or religious and ethnic minorities is not an aimless and insignificant act; on the contrary it has calculated implications and impact. Raping or abusing the women aims at not only destroying the victim but also, through her, the community. Rape and violence against women has become an instrument of power in the hands of the dominant majority. The victimization of women from marginalized castes or classes contributes to the maintenance of power and the domination of "upper" classes or castes while the victimization of women from minorities, religious or ethnic, aims at destroying the whole structure of that community, integrating them into the "mainstream" majority through the destruction of their identity. This aspect is particularly evident in the case of Burma, where women from ethnic minorities are the target of systematic, state-induced campaigns of rape and other forms of sexual abuses by soldiers in order to "spread the blood" of the ethnic majority and to humiliate and oppress. "Licence to Rape", a June 2002 report by the Shan Women's Action Network documented 173 cases of rape and other forms of sexual violence, with 625 Shan girls and women victimized by Burmese soldiers from 1996 to 2001 and showed that rape was condoned as a weapon of war from the Burmese state in order to subjugate and control ethnic minorities. Documentation by women's groups shows that such cases of rape; torture and killings of women continue unabated in other areas of ethnic conflict.
More generally speaking, women in areas of conflict suffer from specific abuses and often find themselves deprived of any legal remedy; in the South of Thailand, women are facing unrest and loss but have not been provided any kind of remedies. The Victim Protection Scheme is inappropriately implemented, which deprives the victims seeking justice with any kind of remedy. In Nepal, during the decade-long conflict, the women faced gender-based violence and sexual violence but such victims have remained invisible and absent of the government relief programmes and compensation schemes for conflict victims, a joint report by Advocacy Forum and the International Center for Transitional Justice found.
Gender bias is also visible in larger issues like poverty and malnutrition. For instance, in South Asia and South-East Asia, in both urban and rural poverty, often the direct victim of poverty and malnutrition is the women and/or the girl child. In most cases reported by the AHRC, the pattern shows that it is the mother and the girl child which face the worst brunt of poverty.
Women therefore suffer from multi-layered, multi-facetted discrimination and forms of violence in Asia. The malfunctioning of the rule of law framework is exploited by those who want to prevent women from playing a major role in the public sphere.
Nevertheless, throughout Asia, women continue to gather, organise and defend their rights and the rights of their community. The fight of those thousands of anonymous women not only contributes to the promotion of the "rights of women" but also to the advancement of democracy in their community as a whole.
In countries where reservations were made to ensure the representation of women in elected bodies, especially at the local level, women have been able to make use of such arenas to raise concrete issues of tremendous importance for the community, such as access to water.
In Nepal, women have played a tremendously important role in the popular uprising of 2006 which lead to the end of the conflict and the establishment of democracy in the country. Similarly in India, it is a woman, Ms. Iron Chanu Sharmila of Manipur, who has today become the beacon of hope and peace. Sharmila has undergone a ten-year-long fast in protest against the ongoing violence and impunity in India, committed both by the state and non-state actors. The state attempted to stifle her protest by keeping Sharmila in arbitrary and solitary detention in a hospital room for the past ten years in which she is force fed through a nasal tube. In Burma, it is also the fight of a woman, Aung San Suu Kyi that has become the incarnation of the hopes for peace, human rights and democracy of the people. In Sri Lanka, women activists and lawyers are taking a great role in the fight against torture and support to the victims. In Pakistan, it is a woman parliamentarian who had the courage to deposit a law in the Parliament seeking to amend the Blasphemy law under which religious minorities face persecutions.
On Women International Day, the AHRC calls for comprehensive action, from all forces of the society, to create the conditions for women to fully express their potential for better change.
About AHRC: The Asian Human Rights Commission is a regional non-governmental organisation that monitors human rights in Asia, documents violations and advocates for justice and institutional reform to ensure the protection and promotion of these rights. The Hong Kong-based group was founded in 1984.
Pakistan's 'illegitimate daughters'
October 3, 2010 October 3, 2010 / Uddari / 1 Comment
By Gulmina Bilal Ahmad
Why is there not an uproar for the woes of the daughters of Pakistan who were stoned in Swat and, presently, in Orakzai Agency? Daughters like Mukhtaran Mai, of course, are not comparable with American daughters of Pakistani origin like Aafia because, perhaps, the former are illegitimate
A cartoon is truly worth a thousand columns, protests and articles. This week, a cartoon proclaiming Faisal Shahzad to be the 'son of Pakistan' said it all. As expected, every visible and invisible beard in the country is falling over backwards to appear more enraged than the other over the imagined slight. Dr Aafia Siddiqui, the proclaimed daughter of Islam, the ummah and Pakistan, has already succeeded in igniting passion and indignation in the country. At the time of writing these words, the Afghan Taliban have already kidnapped a British development worker from Afghanistan as a "means of revenge for Aafia". Calls for walks and protests have been given by parliamentarians who have already staged the first walk against the sentence. There have even been calls by some circles to sever ties with the US and NATO over the pronouncement of a sentence to this 'daughter'. Interestingly, the MQM has declared that if they were in government, they
would have severed all diplomatic relations with the US. The question that begs to be answered is: if they are not in the government, then who is? But I digress.
The newspapers are full of reports about the statements coming from Aafia's family. Such is the self-assessed interest of the media in this issue that one of the papers ran a front page story on who Aafia's family is talking to and who is being denied this honour. Apparently, the decision at the highest level has also been taken to send a parliamentary delegation to the US, including Dr Aafia's sister, to lodge a protest. This is in addition to flying in her team of lawyers and her US-based brother — at the government's expense — to Pakistan to 'consult' with the government over the next course of action. The government's expense, of course, means that while there is no money for higher education, there is a lot of money to bail out non-Pakistani Muslim daughters running amuck.
Steps to bring this daughter of Islam and Pakistan back home, wherever home might be, might be necessary according to some. Perhaps, Aafia's case should be pursued but one fails to understand why there is discrimination amongst the siblings. While the parliamentarians walk behind the opposition leader for Aafia, why do we not hear calls of "we will not rest easily" until the missing persons that have been 'missing' for years within Pakistan are located? Why is there not an uproar for the woes of the daughters of Pakistan who were stoned in Swat and, presently, in Orakzai Agency? Or, perhaps, the two daughters of the ummah who were buried alive in Balochistan after dogs were set after them. Daughters like Mukhtaran Mai, of course, are not comparable with American daughters of Pakistani origin like Aafia because, perhaps, the former are illegitimate.
At the time of writing these words, there are 7,000 women and children residing in 75 jails in the country. Out of these, 1,500 are in dismal conditions. According to the National Commission for the Status of Women (NCSW), 88 percent of the female prisoners are in jail only because of the ambiguities in the Zina Ordinance. However, parliamentarians do not stage walks for them, no commissions are sent anywhere in the country, no one meets their families and their ordeal is not a slap on anyone's face simply because they are illegitimate. Legitimacy, it seems, only comes from Aafia.
A word of caution on the subject of daughters, legitimate or otherwise. Those who declare that Aafia is the daughter of Islam, Pakistan and the Muslim ummah, should remember, then, who their sons-in-law are. Aafia's husband Mr Ammar al Baluchi is the nephew of Mr Khalid Sheikh Mohammed of 9/11 fame. We all have unsavoury uncles who get mixed up in the wrong company but investigation has revealed some roads leading to the nephew too. A detainee at the Guantanamo Bay, the son-in-law of the Muslim ummah was allegedly involved in financing the 9/11 attacks. If the trial of Aafia is "a slap on the whole Islamic world", according to Altaf Hussain, then the trial of her husband should qualify as a slap on one side of the face at the very least.
Speaking of trials, the very characters present within the 'Aafia mafia', as columnist Fasi Zaka puts it, are also the ones who are sworn supporters of judicial supremacy. Food for thought for them as they endure the long wait till October 13: do they believe in the supremacy of the judiciary only in Pakistan? Dr Aafia was tried. Evidence was presented against her and the judiciary has spoken. How has this judicial decision become a fight between Islam and the West?
When will we learn? This is not a fight between Islam and the West just as militant groups do not represent anything more than the Wahabiist funded, inspired, encouraged, and promoted brand of bigotry. Just this year, a total of 9,009 civilians died in terrorist attacks, along with a total of 3,215 security personnel and 19,019 terrorists. This brings us to a total of 31,243 Pakistanis who died just this year because of the twisted worldviews that they want to impose on all of us. This is opposed to a total of 189 deaths in total in 2003, 863 in 2004, 648 in 2005, 1,471 in 2006, 3,590 in 2007, 6,715 in 2008 and 11,704 in 2009. In other words, a total of 56,431 have died in the last seven years. Yet, we declare that this war is not ours. If it was not previously, perhaps it is high time that it should be now. For the person sitting in San Francisco or Paris, militant groups and their apologists pose a terrorist threat. For us in Pakistan, it is terrorist
reality.
The writer is an Islamabad-based consultant. She can be reached at : coordinator@individualland.com
– Posted to CMKP Digest Number 2261 by "Andreanos" shafique100@yahoo.com
86 Years for Aafia Siddiqui
September 25, 2010 / Uddari / 2 Comments
JFAC STATEMENT ON SENTENCING OF AAFIA SIDDIQUI
On the afternoon of 23rd September 2010 Pakistani neuroscientist and mother of three Aafia Siddiqui was sentenced to 86 years on five charges by Judge Berman in a Manhattan courtroom.
The Justice for Aafia Coalition released the following statement:
"We are deeply saddened by the harsh sentence passed on Dr Aafia Siddiqui by Judge Richard Berman today. At such a difficult time, our thoughts and prayers are with Aafia's family, who have been separated from her since March 2003.
It has now been over seven and a half years since Dr Siddiqui was abducted with her three young children by Pakistani and American agencies. She has since been separated from her children and family, detained in a series of secret prisons and physically and psychologically abused by her captors. Following a blatantly prejudiced and unfair trial in which little conclusive evidence of her guilt was presented, she was found guilty.
We hoped that Judge Berman would have opened his eyes to the manifest injustice that has been committed against Dr Siddiqui and repatriated her to her country. But it seems that Judge Berman was adamant in his position despite the enormous level of public support for Aafia. Last week, Iran, in a goodwill gesture, released Sarah Shourd, an American woman accused of espionage, a crime against the state punishable by death. We are disappointed that the United States has been unable to exercise a similar degree of mercy and leniency in the case of another innocent woman who stands accused of crimes against its government.
While we are disappointed by Judge Berman's decision, we condemn in the strongest terms the stance of the Pakistani government towards this beloved daughter of the nation. While we must never look to the wolf for protection, we expect the shepherd to care for his flock. The Pakistani government has from the outset been complicit in Aafia's disappearance and detention, and has displayed nothing but contempt for its people and dignity through its cowardly stance in requesting her repatriation. They are a stain upon the honourable reputation of the country.
JFAC will continue the struggle for justice for Dr Aafia to try and secure her freedom and unite her with her family and loved ones. We remind Aafia's supporters that this struggle may seem tiresome but as Imam Ahmad advised his student, we will only find rest when our feet set foot in paradise."
Notes for editor:
1. The Justice for Aafia Coalition is an umbrella body for a number of organizations, groups, and activists created in February 2010 to campaign for the release and return of Aafia Siddiqui and for the opening of a full investigation into the circumstances of her detention.
2. Aafia Siddiqui's lawyers maintain that she was abducted by the Pakistani and US agents along with her three children in 2003 and rendered to Afghanistan where she was detained by American forces for over five years. Siddiqui claims she was abused and tortured throughout her detention. She was convicted in February 2010 of allegedly firing on US soldiers while in custody in what appears to have been a grave miscarriage of justice. Her son Ahmed was released in September 2008 from Afghan custody, and her daughter Maryam was eventually recovered in April 2010. For full details of the case, please visit www.justiceforaafia.org
3. For media enquiries contact info@justiceforaafia.org
Incest: Harayana's shameful social heritage
August 28, 2010 / Uddari / 1 Comment
It is rare that the question of incest is raised in the Punjab on either side of the border. Uddari supports the initiation of this discussion, and suggests that it is not just the state of Haryana where incest is being faced by Punjabi women and youth but that we are being victimized in other areas of Indian and Pakistani Punjab as well.
Indeed it is a mockery of words such as 'honour' where women are being killed and brutalized for choosing their sexual partners when the same people and the same value systems perpetuate incest by hiding it, by dis-empowering women and children, and by protecting the perpetrators.
I cannot find another comparable situation where women, young women, and male/female children are being sexually and emotionally exploited by, in most cases, their older male relatives. Incest is known to cause long term and permanent emotional and psychological damage to victimized individuals, and yet we are unwilling to even discuss it because it challenges our prevalent social, moral and familial value systems. This includes the tradition of cousin marriages in Muslim families.
It is an act of great courage for Seema to have voiced her concerns, and in doing so she has created a space for us to discuss incest in our society.
Sukhbir Siwach, TNN, Aug 28, 2010, 02.05pm IST
By Afsar Faheem
It was a national debate on a news channel. Tempers were running high, so were the decibels. The subject was explosive – Haryana's khaps and their diktats. In the midst of this charged atmosphere, a voice rose above the rest, silencing them all. Seema, a law graduate and resident of Karora village, made an allegation that changed the course of the debate. Her brother had been executed for marrying a woman from the same gotra, but that was not what Seema wanted to talk about on the primetime show. It was another shameful reality of Haryana villages she wanted to expose – incest.
"Khaps should look into their homes before passing fatwas on lovers and crying hoarse about honour. Incest is rampant in the state and virtually every home is affected. Where is the honour anyway?" she screamed.
Early this week, the state was shocked when a pregnant girl was strangled by her parents and her body dumped on the outskirts of Bahadurgarh in Jhajjar district. Her crime: she was reportedly having an affair with her brother-in-law and her vengeful elder sister had complained to their parents.
In another embarrassing case earlier this year, a farmer in his early 50s developed a sexual relation with his 30-year-old daughter-in-law in a village in Kaithal district. Their liaison continued for almost a year. The matter even reached the village panchayat, which ordered separation of the two unlikely partners so that the woman could go back to her husband.
And only last month, Sonepat was jolted by the gruesome murder of two minor girls, just 12 and 14. They were killed and their bodies flung in a canal by their uncles and grandmother after their "affair" with a cousin was exposed. The police said the kin of the victims were enraged when they allegedly caught the minors getting intimate with their cousin. In Yamunanagar, a girl complained to the police that her father-in-law had raped her just a few months after her marriage.
These are not isolated incidents: incest is reportedly a real part of life in rural Haryana. "It's a menace nobody wants to talk about. Even the elders are setting a bad example, " says D R Chaudhary, member of the Haryana Administrative Reforms Commission. The elders, predictably, blame this perversion on the growing sway of the west over the state's youth.
When Kurukshetra-based Ramesh Kumar's daughter married a close relative, he blamed it on urban influence. Now he is fighting a legal battle to have the marriage declared null and void, terming it a contravention of the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The mothers of the newly-wed couple were apparently related, being granddaughters of the same person.
The incidence of incest may be higher in rural areas. "Social mores in villages are different. People here are very conservative and there is no scope for interaction between men and women and boys and girls outside their homes. So, they often end up having relationships with members of their accessible, extended family, " says Balbir Singh, a social activist in Fatehabad district.
Experts believe that such relationships have survived behind closed doors for many years. But given the modern means of communication and the proliferation of the media, the skeletons are now tumbling out of family cupboards.
The youth, interestingly, believe that incest is a traditional practice and not a new reality. "Yeh to hame virasat mein mili hai (incest is a part of our tradition), " says Naresh Kumar, a villager in Rohera in Kaithal district. Sociologists, in turn, say that the ethnic history of the region is full of such instances.
"In the pre-Independence era, in some parts of north India, the father-in-law almost had the right to physical relations with a daughter-in-law, and in most cases the female was not in a position to resist much. The very young husband also had no say in the matter. Widows would routinely be married to a brother of the dead husband. Sharing of the wife by brothers was also not uncommon, " says Ravinder Kaur, a professor at IIT-Delhi.
What adds to this problem in Haryana is its skewed sex ratio caused by rampant female foeticide. "Its effects are now being felt on intimate relationships within and without the family. The shortage of marriageable women can have many unintended consequences, especially when only one out of four men find a bride (as in the case of Haryana) in their own community, " adds Kaur.
Kumar's 35-year-old nephew, Roshan, is yet to get any offers for marriage. "We are at a loss, wondering what to do, " says Kumar. A growing army of bachelors has become a problem in the state, leading to more illicit relations.
Yet, there seems little the government and social organisations can do about this. Haryana has not seen any strong social movement in recent years and there are very few NGOs working on such issues. While a Haryana court was quick (it took three years) to deliver the death penalty to five khap members accused in the sensational murder of Manoj and Babli in March this year, it took a Bhiwani court around five years to give its verdict in a shocking case of incest that surfaced almost a decade ago.
In a letter to Bhiwani senior superintendent of police, an 18-year-old girl spoke of how her father and cousin exploited her sexually for seven months. "My father used to rape me. Not only this, my uncle and his son too sexually assaulted me, " stated the girl.
"My mother was usually sent to sleep in another house and I was made to sleep with my father. My mother was not aware of all this. When I told my boyfriend and he objected, my father and cousin beat him up and also got a false case registered against him. When I threatened to go to the police, I was locked up, " she wrote in the letter.
It was only after the girl said she would tell her mother that she was released from her confinement. The girl then ran away with her boyfriend and a case of abduction was slapped on the boy. Nobody knows where the couple is today.
Chilling tales of incest and abuse have been pouring in from all over the state. Inquiries reveal that physical relationship with a husband's brother is not considered 'unusual. ' "Such relations are not objected to. They are considered a family's 'internal affair', " says Prem Singh, a farmer-leader from Kaithal.
In a study conducted by the UNICEF in 2001 to gauge the context of abortions involving 83 adolescent girls in the age group of 10 to 19 years in Rohtak district, it was found that incest was a common cause. "It was responsible for pregnancies in 16 per cent of the cases. We have even had cases of girls getting pregnant through their kin, including fathers and brothers, " says Sonia Trikha, who's associated with the UNICEF. Many feel the situation has worsened in the last decade.
Leaders of gotra-based khap panchayats blame the law for protecting those who are guilty of incest. "A scheduled caste girl had run away with a boy from her family. Later, they married and even got police protection, " says Badan Singh, leader of the Kalayat khap. Another prominent leader, Om Parkash Dhankar, president of the Dhankhar khap, complains about new social trends: "Illicit relationships are on the rise. Even a Supreme Court ruling spoke of permitting live-in relationship without marriage. "
But Seema blames the khaps for shifting the focus from the real problems. "The problem, " she says, "is not of love marriages, or marriages within gotras and villages, but incest. Marrying out of choice is not a crime, incest is. Khap leaders should be addressing the problem of incest and check this evil instead of hounding people who are in love. "
INCEST IN MYTHOLOGY
If you thought Greek tragedies such as Odeipus Rex were embarrassing in their details of incest, our own epics and mythological texts are no less. They, in fact, abound with instances where men and women have conjugated with close kin. For instance, in the Mahabharata, Arjuna was married to Subhadra, the daughter of his aunt Rohini. Then there is the union of Yama with his twin sister Yami; Manu, son of Vivasvat, and his sister Sraddha; Prajapati and his daughter Ushas; Pushan and his sister Surya; Sukra and his three sisters; Satrajita and his 10 sisters; Nahusha and his sister Viraja. Purukutsa's queen Narmada after her husband's death obtained a son through her own brother
WHY IN RURAL HARYANA?
– Skewed sex ratio; 860 girls for 1,000 boys
– Very conservative society; girls and women are allowed to speak openly with only close relatives
– A large number of girls and women don't work outside their homes
– Social resistance to love marriages
Repatriate Dr. Aafia Siddiqui to her home in Pakistan!
August 11, 2010 / Uddari / 2 Comments
We urge all individuals concerned with human rights to sign this international petition to U.S. and Pakistani government officials, urging the immediate repatriation to Pakistan of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui.
SIGN THE PETITION AT
http://www.iacenter.org/SiddiquiPetition
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is being held in federal prison in New York City awaiting sentencing, now scheduled for September 23. This is a campaign for justice, solidarity and compassion for a woman and a political prisoner who has been severely injured and abused.
A coordinated campaign of petitions will be delivered in NYC, London, and to officials in Pakistan on August 14 – Pakistan Independence Day. The kidnapping and illegal extradition to the U.S. of this Pakistani citizen is an insult to the dignity of all Pakistanis and an affront to Pakistan's sovereignty.
In New York City petitions will be presented at 12 noon on Saturday, August 14 at the Pakistan Mission to the United Nations at 8 East 65th St, between 5th Ave and Madison Ave, NY, NY 10065 to the office of Ambassador Abdullah Hussain Haroon.
Messages will call for this simple act of compassion during the month of Ramadan.
Aafia Siddiqui holds a place in the hearts of people of conscience internationally irrespective of their faith, nationality or location. There is already immense international outrage about her case. Aafia Siddiqui has repeatedly maintained in court appearances that she was tortured while in U.S. custody.
This U.S.-educated doctor of neuroscience has come to symbolize the many hundreds of Pakistanis who have been secretly disappeared, detained and tortured, as well as the national outrage at the continuing deadly U.S. drone attacks.
The plight of the disappeared and missing in Pakistan is a cause of great national pain. Let us begin with this act of compassion to address this grievous problem.
Dr. Siddiqui's five years in secret detention in Pakistan and Afghanistan, her grievous injuries, her two years in solitary confinement in the U.S. and her trial in New York City were continuing top news in Pakistan. Civil rights, religious and women's organizations marched and petitioned, demanding the return of this "daughter of the nation" to Pakistan.
Dr. Siddiqui's family and supporters have launched an international campaign for her repatriation to Pakistan. Aafia Siddiqui's elderly mother is seriously ill and has pleaded for her daughter's return.
Dr. Fauzia Siddiqui, Aafia Siddiqui's older sister, in stressing the urgency of a campaign for Aafia Siddiqui's repatriation, explained that under U.S. law a foreigner tried by a U.S. court could be repatriated to the country of his or her nationality on the request of their own government before the pronouncement of a sentence. She said there were 19 such precedents in which prisoners after indictment were repatriated to their countries on the request of their respective governments.
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is neither a U.S. citizen nor a permanent resident. She had only one passport, issued by the Pakistan government.
Dr. Siddiqui was not charged with committing any crime on U.S. soil; therefore she should not have been extradited to the U.S. for trial but either tried in Afghanistan or extradited to Pakistan. Dr. Siddiqui is not charged with terrorism nor is she charged with injuring or harming anyone anywhere. She is a victim of terrible life-threatening injuries.
The Pakistan government through diplomatic channels should insist on Aafia Siddiqui's repatriation. The U.S. government, based on overwhelming Pakistani sentiment for Aafia Siddiqui's return, should grant this humanitarian request.
Dr. Siddiqui was convicted despite all physical and forensic evidence that she could not have committed the acts with which she was charged.
The U.S. government should release all the secret documents regarding Aafia Siddiqui's disappearance that were suppressed at her trial in NYC and the documents on the many other disappeared and missing people in Pakistan. As we have seen in the recent release of documents by Wikileaks, we cannot count on governments to give a true accounting of events that may prove embarrassing to various government officials.
BACKGROUND TO CASE
In March 2003, at the age of 30, Dr. Siddiqui disappeared along with her three children from a street in Karachi, Pakistan. On March 31, 2003, the Pakistan media reported that Dr. Siddiqui had been arrested and turned over to U.S. officials.
Dr. Siddiqui mysteriously reappeared on the streets of Ghazni, Afghanistan, following five years of secret detention. There she was immediately re-arrested, shot and almost killed. After emergency treatment, she was brought to the United States and held in solitary confinement for almost two years before being placed on trial in a federal court in New York City.
The government charges were preposterous. Dr. Siddiqui had supposedly been arrested in July 2008, five years after her disappearance. The U.S. claims that when U.S. military personnel came to interrogate her after the arrest, Siddiqui grabbed a U.S. soldier's M4 gun, fired off two rounds and was herself shot while being subdued.
Questions of how the bullets, supposedly fired by Siddiqui, failed to hit a single one of the 20 to 30 people in a small, crowded room, or hit any wall or floor, or leave any residue or fingerprints, were never answered. Witness testimonies often contradicted their earlier sworn testimonies and the testimony of others. The prosecution urged the jury to ignore science and irrefutable facts and believe the contradictory testimony of U.S. Special Forces soldiers and FBI agents.
Despite her severe wounds and her pleas for mercy the court imposed daily abusive and painful strip searches. The court through unprecedented security measures sought to close the trial and intimidate all support. Most important is that throughout her trial Aafia Siddiqui refused her lawyers and made it clear that she was not represented by lawyers of her choice.
Dr. Siddiqui's missing son Ahmed was reunited with his aunt in late 2008 while daughter Maryum was dropped near her aunt's home in Karachi in April 2010 after she had been missing for seven years. Dr. Siddiqui's youngest child, Suleman, who would now be about seven years old, remains missing and is feared dead.
There have been massive demonstrations in Pakistan's major cities demanding the return of this 38-year-old mother, now dubbed the "daughter of Pakistan."
For more information on Dr. Aafia Siddiqui's trial and treatment and the campaign to repatriate her, go to:
www.FreeAafia.org or www.JusticeForAafia.org.
SIGN THE PETITION TO U.S. AND PAKISTANI GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
You can send this message or you can edit and revise it.
COPIES WILL ALSO BE SENT TO MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA IN THE U.S. AND PAKISTAN.
To: President Barack Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Vice President Joseph Biden, Attorney General Eric Holder, Sen. John Kerry (Chairman, US Senate Foreign Relations Committee), Congressional leaders, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistani Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani, Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik, Pakistani Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi
cc: Ban Ki-Moon (Secretary-General, United Nations), UN High Commissioner on Human Rights, UN High Commissioner on Refugees, and members of the Pakistani and U.S. media
Dear President Barack Obama, President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani :
As the sentencing of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui draws closer at the Federal District Court in Manhattan, I urge you to repatriate Dr. Aafia Siddiqui to her native Pakistan as a matter of urgency. Given all the facts and circumstances of this case, repatriation of Dr. Siddiqui to Pakistan would not only serve the interests of justice, but is also warranted on humanitarian grounds.
This simple act of compassion during the month of Ramadan would be of special significance.
There are numerous credible reports that Dr. Siddiqui was abducted from Pakistan with her three young children in March 2003. Dr. Siddiqui claims that her captors detained her in a series of secret prisons for five years during which time she was abused in a variety of ways and tortured. Her youngest son, Suleman, remains missing to this day.
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is a citizen of Pakistan. She was not charged with committing any crime on U.S. soil, nor is she a U.S. citizen. She should not have been extradited to the U.S.
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is not charged with terrorism nor has she been charged with injuring or harming anyone anywhere. She is a victim of terrible life threatening injuries.
In light of the circumstances of this case, in which it appears that at a minimum, Dr. Siddiqui suffered severe physical and emotional trauma, we call upon you to exercise all lawful authority to allow Dr. Siddiqui to be repatriated to Pakistan on humanitarian grounds.
(your signature will be appended here)
International Action Center
55 W 17th St #5C
www.iacenter.org
iacenter@iacenter.org
WAF outraged at jirga's judgment of stoning to death
July 11, 2010 / Uddari / 2 Comments
LAHORE: Women's Action Forum (WAF) is outraged at reports of yet another "judgement of stoning to death due to illicit relations", pronounced by a self-styled jirga convened in Kala Dhaka, wherein it was alleged that a man and a woman were seen walking together in a field in Madakhail.
WAF noted that Kala Dhaka was a Provincially Administered Tribal Area (PATA) until it was converted into a settled area and renamed 'Torghar' last week, after which it might be excused for demanding the writ of the state, the pronouncements of the judiciary, and the provincial law enforcement system to be de jure and de facto functional.
WAF states that there appears to be no law enforcement and no heed paid to the higher judiciary (including the Supreme Court's) declaring jirgas and panchayats to be illegal parallel systems of "justice" and instructing the respective federal and provincial governments to eradicate them, and to punish those who participate in them.
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=201079\story_9-7-2010_pg7_17
Female professor of university murderd by fundamentalists
April 30, 2010 / Uddari / Leave a comment
QUETTA: Unidentified assailants riding a bike gunned down a University of Balochistan assistant professor of media and journalism on Tuesday.
Nazima Talib was shot thrice from behind near the private residence of the Balochistan governor on Saryab Road as she was traveling in a rickshaw to Radio Pakistan for participation in a programme.
The governor's security guards – who called in an ambulance – said they heard no gunshots.
The body was initially taken to Civil Hospital, and later sent to the professor's hometown of Karachi.
A case has been registered against unidentified attackers and an investigation launched. Police described the attack as a target killing.
By Mohammad Zafar
[cmkp] Digest Number 2145
8 March Celebrations Across Pakistan
March 7, 2010 March 7, 2010 / Uddari / Leave a comment
Labour Party Pakistan and its sympathizing organizations are organizing various activities on the occasion of International Women Day on 8 March 2010.
Women Workers Help Line (WWHL), National Trade Union Federation, Anjaman Mozareen Punjab and Labour Education Foundation have announced the following activities:
Bangle Women Workers Rally
7th March, 3pm, from Comrade Hyder Bux Jatoi chowk to Hyderabad Press Club
Organized by Labour Education Foundation and Home Base Bangle Women Workers Union
8 March, Seminar 'Women workers: Globalization and movement building'
3pm at Pakistan Medical Association (PMA) House near Garden
Organized by Labour Education Foundation, Home Based Women Workers Federation,
8th March, 2pm, Rally by Home based and Domestic Women Workers
National Press Club to Super Market, Islamabad
Organized by Labour Education Foundation
8th March, Seminar: 'Home Based Women Workers and Rise of Fundamentalism in Pakhtunkhuwa' 10 am at office Labour Education Foundation, Old Identity Card office near Railway Lines New Adda, Mardan
13th March, 11am, 'Dialogue with Women Workers on Feminism'
Organized by LEF at office Labour Education Foundation, 25A Davis Road, Lahore
Baluchistan: Jhal Maqsi
8th March, Seminar on 'Women issues in Baluchistan' 9am at Tehsil Hall Ghandara, Jhal Magsi
Women Rally from Main Adda to Ghandara Press Club
Organized by Labour Party Pakistan, Baluchistan Chapter in association with Young Development Society Jhal Maqsi
8th March, 11am, Meeting of women working in Carpet industry at Mandhi Dhaba Singh, District Sheikhopura
Organized by Itehad Labour Union Carpet Industries
8th March, Meeting of peasant women and 8th March at all different Military Farms including:
Military Farms Okara
Military Farms Renalakhurd
Kulyana Military Estate
Army Welfare Trust Pakpattan and Depalpur
Organized by Anjaman Mozareen Punjab
Contact Mehr Abdul Sattar 03006961545
Lahore Main Rally
8th March, Speeches & Cultural Program: 12:00pm at Nasir Bagh, Lahore
Rally: 1.30pm from Nasir Bagh to Assembly Hall, The Mall Lahore
Organised by Women Workers Help Line (WWHL)
8th March, Seminar: 12:00pm Press Club, Mardan
Organized by Women Workers Help Line (WWHL)
Sibbi
8th March, Seminar: 12:00pm, Sibbi
Organized by WWHL
9th March, Seminar: 02:00pm, Goband Pora, Toba Tek Singh
14 March, Seminar: 2pm, Rasool Nagar, Kasur
15 March, Seminar: 11:00am, Rasool Nagar, Kasur
18 March, Seminar: 12:00pm, Faisalabad
Contact for WWHL functions
Bushra Khaliq 03219402316
Email: wwhlpk@yahoo.com
Contact for LEF functions
Kalid Malik 0321 9402322
Email: lef@lef.org.pk
Contact for Sindh LEF functions
Zara Akbar 03003770755


The most infuriating thing about watching Glenn Beck's radio and television programs for four hours every day is listening to him constantly assert that The Blaze "is the only network dedicated to the truth" while he personally spews lies and misinformation over its airwaves day after day.
As Barton said back in 2010, 34% of the identifiable quotes from the thousands of document that were published during the founding era came from the Bible and Deuteronomy was the most frequently cited book among those quotes.
But Beck utterly misrepresents this time and again in order to claim that a one-third of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence came directly out of the Book of Deuteronomy.
It is entirely untrue, but Beck continues to repeat it over and over again while simultaneously portraying himself as a paragon of truth, honesty, and integrity.
Apparently, that vow does not apply during the hours when he is broadcasting.