The Purpose Driven Life is a ball of confusion, full of contradictions and lies that will lead one to, or keep one in, a life of hell (though it may "feel" right, death follows). It is a proposal for a program of religious self-righteous works that destroys, not fulfills. In this writing I will show that the author does not personally know the Lord Jesus Christ, but rather preaches a system of works based on a man-made version of Christ construed from his own knowledge, which is neither godly nor good.
Whether you have red the book or not, this paper will be instructive in the teachings of the true God and Lord Jesus Christ and His ways, as contrasted with the misrepresentations of Him found in this book. Since some of these errors are addressed in specific writings on our website, I provide links to the applicable writings in an appendix at the end.
Error #1) You can receive Jesus Christ by reciting a prayer, a decision God is waiting, and depending, on you to make.
Error #2) You are born of God when you do this.
Error #3) After "receiving" Christ, it is up to you to follow a program of self-development, with which the bulk of this book is meant to provide you.
Error #4) Unless you receive Christ in this manner, in this lifetime, you will spend eternity in hell.
Error #5) The Bible, as final authority, teaches all these things.
The Purpose Driven Life teaches you to be a Christian by raising yourself up by your own bootstraps. It is do-it-yourself Christianity, full of dos and don'ts that put the onus on you, the reader, to make yourself acceptable to God, and of useful service to Him, based on a corrupt and humanly conceived image of God. Built on a false foundation, these measures must and will fail, leaving you with loss and no hope at the end of the day.
Worse yet, others suffer when you play God, as this book teaches you to do. It is because of the kinds of activities promoted in the book that destruction runs rampant on earth. According to the Bible, man's self-righteous and religious works are responsible for all the bloodshed on earth since Cain and Abel. Such works cover over and hide the sins of men, rather than exposing and dealing with them. The things to which this book proposes to lead you, peace and life abundant, are the very things it blocks and denies you.
If we were to ask for a brief synopsis of the most prevalent of the false gospels of Christ in circulation today, this is it. Must God "invite" one to fulfill the purposes for which He made them? Is that what He did with Saul of Tarsus? If He made one for a purpose, will He not fulfill that purpose?
"And He said to them, To you it is given to know the mystery of the Kingdom of God. But to those outside, all these things are given in parables so that seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest at any time they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them" (Mark 4:11-12).
Desperate and lying men are known to promise anything to close the deal, whereas God, Who is the very opposite (He is the Truth, and in control), does not need a man to do anything for Him. Why? Because He can, will, and must do it all. He does not entrust anything to men.
The only possibility of intimacy with Him is by His initiation. "No man can come unto Me unless the Father draws him." It is His doing to take a person through the process of salvation whereby that person becomes one with Him, and then does His works. And the first words of introduction are not a plea to accept Him, but a call to repent and turn away from one's own thoughts and ways, with a warning about the costs of following Him.
"And it happened as they were going in the way, one said to Him, Lord, I will follow You wherever You go. And Jesus said to him, Foxes have holes, and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head" (Luke 9:57-58).
"If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple" (Luke 14:26).
"But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved" (Matthew 24:13).
Warren's invitation and prayer have nothing to do with the Lord Jesus Christ. Instead, unbeknownst though it may be to him, they are the words of a deceiving angel of light. It is "the thief, who does not come except to steal and to kill and to destroy" (John 10:10) that is presented here.
It is a false Jesus and false gospel that serves the prince of this world, who will allow you to be as religious as you please, but will never preach repentance from self and sins and the crucifixion of the flesh by the cross. You can and will get to keep your miserable life, while appeasing your conscience for a time. But make no mistake, you will remain in condemnation, and that makes it doubly worse, because deceived into thinking you have something that you do not.
That is why so many churches that believe and follow the gospel that Warren is preaching have members suffering from diseases, accidents, and so many other tragedies. It is not the "attack" of Satan. Those are the rewards of his fellowship. It is not the favor of Jesus Christ, Who is in full control and does all things, but is indicative of His wrath that comes on those who take His Name in vain, which means they profess to follow Him, but do not.
Those suffering in churches are taught to blame Satan for what God does to them, and to credit God for what Satan has given them, a religious justification to feed themselves on the things of this world.
Not so. In the first place, such a prayer does not mean a person has truly repented and turned to God. And without repentance, a person is still in his or her sins, despite appearances. A person still in his or her sins cannot be born of God.
"Everyone who has been born of God does not commit sin, because His seed remains in him, and he cannot sin, because he has been born of God" (1 John 3:9).
Many are the false conversions that accompany these "simple" prayers that Warren and so many others teach and urge people to confess. This is not to say that there are not simple prayers heard by God, because if in faith, God does hear. He knows and acknowledges the heart, not the words or formulas men concoct. Being induced to pray by emotional appeal and reasoning is not of faith and does not amount to anything.
"You have not chosen Me, but I have chosen you and ordained you that you should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain; that whatever you shall ask of the Father in My name, He may give it to you" (John 15:16).
Overlooked is the crucial fact that the Lord specifically invited whom He willed, at the ordained time He invited them (Matt. 4:19, 9:9), and they responded to Him. Warren behaves as if, and is teaching people that, they are in the driver's seat, making the decision to follow Christ whenever they want, becoming a child of God by the will of the flesh and of man. However, discipleship is only possible by His will, His calling, His drawing, His choosing and timing.
"And no man takes this honor to himself, but he who is called of God, as Aaron was" (Hebrews 5:4).
"But as it is written, 'Eye has not seen, nor ear heard,' nor has it entered into the heart of man, 'the things which God has prepared for those who love Him.' But God has revealed them to us by His Spirit; for the Spirit searches all things, yea, the deep things of God" (1 Corinthians 2:9-10).
However, while one has the peace that passes understanding in Christ, and can always come to God in time of need, and be in prayer and thanksgiving always, this is not the same as the "easy access" Warren says is promised. It is not an automatic and casual relationship one might have with God, as he implies. The flesh must die and will never have access, let alone easy access, to God.
The point I wish to make here is that Warren is promising these things to the unregenerate and carnal man. He is speaking as if "faith in Jesus" is something you can find within yourself and exercise at will to be saved. That is not true, yet many are deceived by this erroneous gospel.
"For by grace you are saved through faith, and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God" (Ephesians 2:8).
It is not your faith that can save you, it is the faith of Christ that does.
"…and the righteousness of God is through the faith of Jesus Christ to all, and upon all those believing…" (Romans 3:22 YLT).
The promises of God are all "yes" in Christ. They are not "yes" to the natural and fallen man. Warren does not mention any cost or what is truly required for one to receive and enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. He speaks of the natural man assuming the benefits and privileges automatically.
There is no mention of confession of sins, or repentance, which must always come first. There is no mention of the cross, which Jesus said we would need to take up if we are to follow Him and be His disciples, how much more to be His brethren, and have life in Him.
"And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me, he cannot be My disciple. For which of you, intending to build a tower, does not sit down first and count the cost, whether he may have enough to finish it; lest perhaps, after he has laid the foundation and is not able to finish, all those seeing begin to mock him, saying, This man began to build and was not able to finish. Or what king, going to make war against another king, does not first sit down and consult whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? Or else, while the other is still a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks conditions of peace. So then, every one of you who does not forsake all his possessions, he cannot be My disciple" (Luke 14:27-33).
According to Warren, if you make a certain statement, that is faith, and you have become born again. All that has really transpired, however, is mental assent to something desirable. You have been shown a picture of a house, asked you if you liked it, and when you said you did, were told you that you own it. The problem is, the one showing the picture does not have the deed to the house, is not even a realtor, nor does he represent the true owner.
Another way I can put it is that the man on the street corner trying to sell you an imitation Rolex will not talk about the extraordinary cost of the real thing, but will instead focus on the cheap price of the fake one (which you can now afford).
"And Jesus answered and said, Truly I say to you, There is no man that has left house or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or lands for my sake and the gospel's sake, but he shall receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands with persecutions, and in the world to come, eternal life" (Mark 10:29-30).
"Confirming the souls of the disciples, exhorting to continue in the faith, and that through many afflictions we must enter into the Kingdom of God" (Acts 14:22 LITV).
The notion or doctrine that salvation in Christ is free is a lie. While one "comes and buys without money," one does buy. It will cost you everything you have and are. Money cannot buy the Kingdom of Heaven, but it will cost all your money and everything else. You cannot serve God and mammon.
The Purpose Driven Life can present all promise with no price, because its author, Warren, has never paid the price himself and does not have the promised goods. He has nothing to do with the fellowship of the saints, nor will you if you follow his teachings. He can only present a facsimile of Heaven that exists in his imagination. What he presents is bogus.
People, believing themselves to be in the favor of God, justify themselves in all kinds of evils (some subtle and hidden) in the sight of God. Mankind is naturally prone to evil; how much easier to justify evil with God on your side! That is how the Son of God came to be crucified.
In following this false gospel, you can give an appearance of godliness, but you will be devoid of Christ's life and power. You can pay lip service to His laws, but without obedience to His personal and general commandments, you will be taking His Name in vain. You may think to do well, but your evil spreads out like a cancer, starting with your homes, to your businesses, communities, governments, and onto the whole world. Rather than bringing life to the world, you bring death. All are perishing and do not know how it is happening, or why.
On the other hand, God has brought us into His presence, the only place of true peace and goodness. He has granted us repentance by faith, and has given us His Spirit within to cause us to lay down our lives, as is pleasing to God and useful to man, speaking the truth that makes free. This is life. He sends us to teach others the right way, which He has shown us and proven in our lives, a way of judgment and obedience. We preach that others might enter life too, that the world may be blessed. There are only two sides, and if you are not on one, you are on the other.
"He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters" (Luke 11:23).
There is no shortcut to Heaven. Though popular to proclaim one, it is untruthful, unreal, and nothing less than robbery. Both God and the souls that buy into and follow the lie are robbed (not that they are not also responsible for receiving stolen goods; they that partake are offenders as well). Warren is not building on the only Rock and Foundation that has been laid, but on the sand of human ability and power to emulate God. All subsequent teachings in his book are built on this false foundation, promoting the works of men, the paths of the destroyer.
"Concerning the works of men, by the Words of Your lips, I am kept from the paths of the destroyer" (Psalms 17:4).
Starting off with this false Christ, which is disconnected from the life and power of the Real, Warren loads the reader with a hodge-podge of vain works in a doomed effort to realize the character of God.
Just how are you supposed to let God use you? Is God dependent on us for permission to do as He (capital "H", not lowercase, as is befitting the Real God) pleases? Isn't this presumptuous? Does clay "let" the potter mold it?
Deciding to "let" God use you is self-righteous, and is the very thing Warren accurately says is doomed to failure – using God for self-actualization. Yet, as we shall see, while Warren is telling you to let God do it, he is also loading you down with more impossible tasks in order to accomplish it yourself. Which is it? Will God do it, or are you going to have to do it yourself? The issue is never resolved throughout the book, leaving the reader neither here nor there. It is a hellish burden, without a vision, goal, rest or respite.
Just who is the man or woman that can give God the full glory He deserves? There is a way to give God glory, but Warren does not know or teach it. Instead, he presses himself and others into acts of the flesh that he thinks are giving glory to God. The burden is on the sinner to glorify God in his or her own goodness. You may as well be told you should be defecating perfectly wholesome and edible meals. Offering God your righteous acts to give Him glory is no less delusional and disgusting.
"Call on Me in the day of trouble; and I will deliver you, and you shall glorify Me" (Psalms 50:15).
This is the legacy of eating from the Tree of Knowledge. Your eyes are opened to be as God, knowing good and evil, and now assuming the driver's seat, while yet in conflict with God, you choose to be what you desire based on your knowledge. The only problem is that you do not have the life of God outside of Him to know what to do with your knowledge. So instead of life, it brings death, just as He forewarned it would.
No, we cannot be anything we choose, whether for good or for evil. We are what God makes us. That does not excuse anyone from the God-given responsibilities that come with what He gives you. "To whom much is given, much will be required." But Warren is once again placing the burden of being and doing on man, not acknowledging the Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End, the One Who initiates and completes.
"And in very deed for this cause have I raised you up, for to show in you My power, and that My name may be declared throughout all the earth" (Exodus 9:16).
Is it not good to know He is running the show? It is rest for the weary.
"But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace which was toward me has not been without fruit, but I labored more abundantly than all of them; yet not I, but the grace of God with me" (1 Corinthians 15:10).
"For this one is a chosen vessel to Me, to bear My name before nations and kings and the sons of Israel. For I will show him what great things he must suffer for My name's sake" (Acts 9:15-16).
"But when it pleased God, Who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by His grace…" (Galatians 1:15).
Warren puts man on a pedestal for the same reason all men do – they trust in themselves and their own righteousness. This is the mindset that spawns all man-centered religious organizations and works.
Is it not good to know instead that it is not by our will, or by our running, but by God Who shows mercy (Romans 9:16)?
Who is God Almighty, the Creator, to be likened to, your celestial good buddy? Is His just like any friendship?
What friendships require you to forsake all that you have, and to love your friend with all your heart, mind, and soul? In which friendships do you live 24/7, being required to do everything that your friend asks of you? In what friendships are you dependent on your friend for everything, even the grace to be his or her friend as described?
This is plain and simple nonsense, making God into man's image and loading impossible burdens on those being fed what seem to be innocent platitudes but are not. Lies kill.
"Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself unless it remains in the vine, so neither can you unless you abide in Me. I am the Vine, you are the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him, the same brings forth much fruit; for without Me you can do nothing" (John 15:4-5).
Is this not an amazing thing? Earthly parents of dubious ability can bring up a child to be toilet trained, but omnipotent God cannot. Warren is talking about "Christians" by his own definition, not true Christians.
Are there Christians out there who are hurting, and need help? Yes. Stop accepting false burdens and following men, all of you that hear my words. Turn to Him Who will lead you in the way of life and restoration. Who is He? He Who illuminates. Follow us as we follow Christ.
The churches of men are not dying. They are dead, and always have been. The service Warren is soliciting is not the works of faith, but of the flesh. Are any of His people wearying themselves in these fires? Come out from among them, as He commands, and He will be as a Father to you, and you shall then be His sons and daughters.
Is smiling what it is all about? Those who have the love of God do His will despite how they feel, or how they appear to men. Inside, we have the peace of God that passes understanding. Truly, it is not about having long faces, but this talk of doing the will of God with a smile is more self-righteousness and works of the flesh; it is religious unreality.
Who is sufficient to all these things? What are the works of God that He requires?
The pressure once again is on you to perform, and this time it is for all the marbles. Although Warren does not get into more detail, spending "eternity apart from God forever" means "burning in hell, time without end." Did you need a little motivation to "accept" Jesus? How about a lot? Here it is.
I do not know of a more damnable lie. Things do not work this way at all. It portrays God as horribly grotesque, impugning His Character to be far more perverse than that of the most ignoble tyrants of history. Here is a supposedly loving God, Who creates beings in His image, His own offspring who are dependent on His mercy and provision by His infinite power and wisdom, yet He consigns them to eternal torment because they do not "accept" Him?
People, this thought is not in the Bible whatsoever, as men have presumed or have imagined it to be. It is man's expression of his own frustration and an unquenchable, bloodthirsty desire for vengeance, used as a tool to control others. We have much more to say about this matter in several writings linked in the index. For now I will point out how this blasphemous slander has affected Rick Warren, being a major factor in spawning his religious works and this very book.
That was not faith coming from Rick's father. It was the torment of hell. Let me ask you a question, dear reader: If you truly believe, or are trying to believe, that every soul that has not "accepted" Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior is going to hell, where they will burn forever, is it not your most solemn duty to give up any and everything in life to make every possible effort to abort that ending for as many souls as possible? Should you be doing anything other than the very basics to maintain your health, so that you may spend every conceivable resource and the very last ounce of your strength to the end of saving souls from eternal hell fire?
Men will make great efforts to rescue those suffering shipwreck, plane wrecks, hurricanes, tidal waves, and so on. They make great efforts to save beached whales, endangered species, even cats in a tree (as though cats can't find their own way down). We see it every day on the news, if we are not living it ourselves.
How much more should you, as a professing Christian, and as one supposedly filled with the love of God, be doing to save souls from eternal torment? If the unbelieving are willing to expend so much energy on the temporal that will soon be gone, how much more should you be doing for the eternal, where one million years from now that soul that did not "accept" Jesus will still be in agonizing darkness, burning in the lake of fire, with no reprieve in sight, ever?
Rick's father was not crying for the souls of men. He was tormented by his conscience condemning him for not doing nearly enough when he had the time and energy to do it. You can never, ever, ever do enough if you believe these lies. If you have not served God acceptably according to your conscience (and who could, given the circumstances I have just described?), then where do you stand?
"For if our heart condemn us, God is greater than our heart, and knows all things" (1 John 3:20).
Rick's father was not yet saved himself, or delivered from the condemnation of his own works. If he had been he would have died in peace, as the saints of God do, and not in torment.
He also would not be dying of cancer. What, does God afflict his servants with diseases wherein their own bodies attack them? He promises that these things will not happen to those that obey Him (Exodus 15:26).
Either He is a liar and impotent, or this man was not following Him. What choice does one have, but to go with the latter? We know that God is true, and so we believe Him, as it is written: "Let God be true, and every man a liar" (Romans 3:4).
Rick was given his life's mission through an unbelieving man's desperate and moving plea, the man that naturally would have the most profound influence on his life, his beloved father, who laid hands on him to send him out to "save one more for Jesus." Only this "Jesus" is not the risen and ruling Lord and Savior; he is a different one, one who needs you to "accept" him or he will unfortunately have to roast you, while his small entourage that was willing to receive him experiences bliss with him forever in the afterlife.
Somehow having family members and other loved ones burning in hell will no longer be a concern in the next realm (though for many professing Christ it is not such a concern now; does that not tell you something?). The suffering of others, it is assumed, will no longer bother those of us who are righteous enough to believe.
How hard is the heart of man to believe such lies! While men are capricious and capable of any atrocity, God does not change. He never ceases to care, to be working all things for good, His dominion over all realms. "Though I make my bed in hell," David, a man after His own heart wrote, "behold, You are there" (Psalm 139:8).
God does not change the hearts of men by the threat of hell. That is not love; it is extortion. If the Son of God died for us when we were already estranged from God, to reconcile us to Himself, has He therefore failed forever? The devil would have you believe it, and many do believe it. The truth is that God does not fail. Love never fails. In due time every eye shall see Him, and every knee shall bow, and every tongue shall confess that He is Lord, to the glory of God.
Knowing there is a but a short time to save souls, Warren presents some pitifully trifling things you should do, which amount to trying to melt a glacier with a candle. This makes the burden of it all the more unbearable to anyone who cares. The truth is, however, that men are exposed by this doctrine as being uncaring and hard hearted about the fate of others.
The works produced by believing the doctrine of eternal torment, rather than coming from a true knowledge and love of God, are a palliative to salve the conscience. They are undertaken to alleviate the condemnation that comes from living a selfish life and not doing enough to "save" lost souls. Without faith and the love of God, even if a man were to give his body to be burned it would not be enough. Men's works cannot bring the peace or salvation of God (remember Rick's dad).
Warren is saying that if you do not reach the unbelievers, their eternal blood is on your hands, because God loved them to the point of paying the price for them with His very life in the Son, and you failed to reach them for Him. You did not give or do enough. How can you live with yourselves? Who can ever justifiably say, "I have done enough"?
Error #5) The Bible, as the final authority, teaches all these things.
Substituting the Bible for God, and worshiping the Book rather than the Author, has led to many errors that have been preached as gospel truth. The Purpose Driven Life is a book born of setting the Bible up as God, enthroning personal interpretation and religious practices based on what a man conceives God to be in his own mind (and to suit his own purposes), and using the Bible as justification to do so. While Warren promotes the Bible as the ultimate source of authority, he does not know or understand what it teaches because he does not know or understand the Author, Who is the Ultimate Authority.
Yes, there is an alternative to speculation and opinion, and indeed it is revelation. But by saying you can "turn to what God has revealed…in his Word," Warren means that you should consult with the Bible. Now, there is nothing wrong with consulting with the Bible. It is the inspired Record of God. But the Bible is not God. It does not give revelation. Only God can do that. Jesus Christ is the Word of God to Whom we must turn. Peter received this from God.
"Jesus answered and said to him, You are blessed, Simon, son of Jonah, for flesh and blood did not reveal it to you, but My Father in Heaven" (Matthew 16:17).
"You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life. And they are the ones witnessing of Me, and you will not come to Me that you might have life" (John 5:39-40).
"But until this day, when Moses is read, the veil is on their heart. But whenever it turns to the Lord, the veil shall be taken away" (2 Corinthians 3:15-16).
The Bible, you can be assured, does none of these things. If it did the multitudes reading and praising it would have the things Warren attributes to it. There were many lepers in Israel (where the Bible readers were) in the days of Elisha, but only a stranger, Naaman the Syrian, was healed. Warren has not had communion with the One Who does all those things. If he did, he would not be crediting the Bible.
"I know that you are Abraham's seed, but you seek to kill Me because My Word has no place in you. I speak what I have seen with My Father, and you, then, do what you have seen with your father" (John 8:37-38).
When God drew me to Christ, and gave me faith in Him, I did not need to pull myself up by the bootstraps to believe the Bible was truth. He opened my eyes to see that, and to receive the truth contained therein. He decided on what to reveal, when to reveal it, and how. He was and is the final Authority.
And when I fell in sin, He sent a man of God to tell me my specific sin. The Bible did not tell me that, though the testimony was there when I received the truth. It is easy to submit to a book without understanding or conviction of sin, harder to submit to a man speaking from God that calls on us to forsake our idols. Indeed, it is impossible for men to have the humility to receive and submit to Christ coming in the flesh, but with God all things are possible. Faith is His doing and His gift.
To see God's "final authority" as coming only through reading the Bible is severely restricted, and ultimately serves each person in doing what is right in his or her own eyes, "according to the Bible." It makes an idol of the Bible as each person interprets it according to his or her corrupt sight.
Only one set on his or her own thing will worship an idol, be it the Bible or any other thing. People worship idols because they serve themselves, not God. Rick Warren is not serving God. He serves himself, and needs to repent.
"Whoever partakes of My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day" (John 6:54).
"And this is life eternal, that they might know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ Whom You have sent" (John 17:2-3).
"And no one has ascended up to Heaven except He Who came down from Heaven, the Son of Man Who is in Heaven" (John 3:13).
"And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, so that where I am, you may be also… Yet a little while and the world does not see Me any more. But you see Me. Because I live, you shall live also. At that day you shall know that I am in My Father, and you in Me, and I in you" (John 14:13,19-20).
"The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they that do His commandments; His praise endures for ever" (Psalms 111:10).
Who is it that does not need wisdom (and therefore the fear of God), in any age or at any time? When is a good time not to keep His commandments? Why should His praise be silenced?
And what does the Bible say of the one man, Abraham, who in particular is described as the friend of God (James 2:23)?
"And He said, Do not lay your hand on the lad, nor do anything to him. For now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only one, from Me" (Genesis 22:12).
And to whom is the Word of salvation sent today?
"Men, brothers, sons of the race of Abraham, and whoever among you fears God, the Word of this salvation is sent to you" (Acts 13:26).
Only those who fear God are His friends. His fear is not the kind that men exert on one another, but is the kind they do not know, especially in this day where every man sits on the throne of his own opinion. The fear of God is reverence of the highest order. Those who lack it have not seen or known Him whatsoever.
"Therefore, since we are receiving a Kingdom that cannot be shaken, let us have grace, by which we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear, for also, 'Our God is a consuming fire'" (Hebrews 12:28-29).
"For My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways My ways, says the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways, and My thoughts than your thoughts" (Isaiah 55:8-9).
"The God who made the world and all things in it, since He is Lord of Heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands, nor is served with men's hands, as though He needed anything, since He gives life and breath and all things to all. And He has made all nations of men of one blood to dwell on all the face of the earth, ordaining fore-appointed seasons and boundaries of their dwelling, to seek the Lord, if perhaps they might feel after Him and find Him, though indeed He is not far from each one of us. For in Him we live and move and have our being, as also certain of your own poets have said, For we are also His offspring" (Acts 17:24-28).
"If He sets His heart on man, if He gathers to Himself his spirit and his breath, all flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again to dust" (Job 34:14-15).
But Warren does have it right that God planned everything including the details in every life so that all would come to know Him. Now it yet remains for Rick to enter into the reality, according to the will of God.
The only way to become like Christ is to be born of His Spirit. That which is born of something grows up to become that same thing. The true and mystical Church of God is His body.
Jesus said: "But when you pray, do not babble vain words, as the nations. For they think that in their much speaking they shall be heard. Therefore do not be like them, for your Father knows what things you have need of, before you ask Him" (Matthew 6:7-8).
Rick is not preaching the works of faith, but faith in works of the flesh. Flee fornication! He is teaching you to commit adultery with another god, in the Name of Christ.
"I am Jehovah, and there is none else, no God besides Me; I clothed you, though you have not known Me; that they may know from the rising of the sun, and to the sunset, that there is none besides Me. I am Jehovah, and there is none else; forming the light and creating darkness; making peace and creating evil. I Jehovah do all these things" (Isaiah 45:5-7).
That means that you cannot attribute the evil in your life as something coming from autonomous evil men and spirits, "filtered" by God for your good, but rather as coming from God Who does these things through whatever agents serve Him in that capacity. You may be suffering from the fruits of your doings, that yes, serve for good, but which are there as a present rebuke and destruction from God because of evil. This I know: Only by the mercy of God will one receive correction and repent.
Warren does not acknowledge the need for repentance and the cross. He is a savior of the flesh, serving in the "Christian" religion of Satan, who is disposed to, and entertains, the things of the flesh. If a man does not acknowledge and receive rebuke for evil, how much less will he receive the cross? The example and teaching that Warren gives is evil.
David did no such thing, nor is the Book of Psalms "full of ranting, raving, doubts, fears, [and] resentments." Not in the least. The carnal man may see this, but the spiritual man will not, because it is not what the Spirit is saying or doing through the Psalmists. How long will you people consult with the dead in the Name of the Living? How long will you heed presumptuous sorcerers, prophets of Baal and Ashtoreth?
This is that false Jesus we have been identifying from the beginning, whom Warren preaches and many others depict as well. While the Son of Man was not a slacker, neither did He come as a servant to men as Warren portrays Him. He was not a social worker. He was not a do-gooder. He was not a bleeding heart Hallmark card icon with long hair and a faraway gaze.
He was not an insecure religious person that worked hard at trying to fulfill the many "to do's" in The Purpose Driven Life. He was none of those things, or anything that men can and do conceive of as lovely and desirable. Why is that? Because He came not to serve man, as men do, but to serve God in the laying down of His life. That is the real Jesus Christ, Whom no man knows.
"Then Jesus said to them, When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you shall know that I AM, and that I do nothing of Myself, but as My Father has taught Me, I speak these things. And He Who sent Me is with Me. The Father has not left Me alone, for I always do those things which please Him" (John 8:28-29).
Jesus Christ looked neither to the left nor the right, but lived with singleness of mind and purpose to love God with all His heart, mind, and soul. He laid down His life according to the commandment of God given to Him. And in so doing He served mankind by becoming Lord and Christ, the Savior of all men.
"Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, and took upon Him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men. And being found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross" (Philippians 2:5-8).
If we follow Him, we will know Him. If we know Him, we will become like Him, and neither will men know or recognize us, just as they do not recognize Him.
"He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes I will give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give to him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knows except he who receives it" (Revelation 2:17).


Dozens of passengers on an Emirates airline flight reported having fevers and coughing, and at least 10 were taken to the hospital after the plane landed.
An Emirates airline jet traveling from Dubai to New York City was quarantined at John F. Kennedy International Airport Wednesday morning after about 100 passengers reported feeling sick.
The plane, Emirates Flight 203, landed at John F. Kennedy International Airport at approximately 9:15 a.m. on Wednesday morning and was immediately quarantined. The Airbus A380 was held at Terminal 4 and met by Port Authority police and personnel from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The double-deck jet, carrying 521 people, took off from Dubai in the United Arab Emirates early Wednesday morning on a nearly 14-hour nonstop journey to New York.
Larry Coben, a passenger on the flight, tweeted a photo of the plane being met by ambulances and police vehicles. Coben also posted a photo of a passenger locator information form from the CDC, which all passengers were asked to fill out.
Emirates released a statement on Twitter nearly an hour after the plane landed, confirming that about 10 passengers had fallen ill and were attended by local health authorities upon arrival. The airline also said that all other passengers would be able to disembark the plane shortly afterward.
At least 10 people were taken by ambulance to Jamaica Hospital.
Health officials checked passengers one by one as they exited the plane, according to Eric Phillips, the press secretary for New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, who has been briefed on the the situation. Phillips reported on Twitter that all of the passengers are now off the plane and have been evaluated, and of the 19 people who are sick, 10 went to the hospital and nine refused medical attention.
The cause of the illness has not yet been confirmed, but authorities are investigating. Phillips tweeted that early indications point to the flu as a possibility.
One passenger on the flight, Erin Sykes, tweeted, "People were sick before we even took off from Dubai. Like really nasty colds." Sykes posted a video of passengers having their temperatures taken as they disembarked the plane.
Haynes told BuzzFeed News that "passengers who are not ill will be allowed to continue with their travel plans, and if necessary will be followed up with by health officials." The CDC will release additional information as passengers and crew members are evaluated.
Among the passengers on the Emirates flight was Vanilla Ice.
The rapper behind the '90s hit "Ice Ice Baby" tweeted a video of the scene outside the plane several hours after flight 203 landed. He added that the sick passengers were on the bottom floor and that he was sitting on the top level of the double-decker plane. "This is crazy," he wrote.
In an email sent to BuzzFeed News, a representative for Vanilla Ice verified that he was on the quarantined plane and that he was released with all the other passengers that did not exhibit any symptoms.


LUCAS believes the impact made by Maxi Rodriguez against Birmingham City is a sign of the unity and belief in Kenny Dalglish's Liverpool squad.
The popular Argentinian hadn't started a Premier League game for seven weeks but grabbed his chance to shine with a clinical hat-trick in the 5-0 victory.
Lucas was delighted for the 30-year-old, who became the latest in a growing line of fringe players to step up to the mark.
"Maxi had been out for a few games but he showed against Birmingham what's he's capable of doing," Lucas said.
"Everyone in the team knows he's a worker and a really important player for us. It wasn't just his goals but his work rate – he's always trying to play for the team. He had a very good afternoon and we are all so happy for him.
"For him to come in and play like that, it shows that everyone is together. We are building confidence.
Lucas maintained his excellent form in the win over Birmingham with another commanding performance.
With 43 appearances under his belt already this season, Martin Skrtel is the only outfield player who has played more games for the Reds.
The prospect of new additions to the squad this summer holds no fears for the Brazilian international.
"Every season is different but I wouldn't have signed a new contract if the club didn't have a plan for me in the future," he said.
"Lots of players have come here since I joined but I'm still here and playing. That means they believe in my qualities.
"Of course the club will sign players but I think I'm showing I'm capable of being in the team all the time.
"This season I've tried to take more responsibility because players left. I had to step up and try to show my real quality.
Lucas has struck up a good understanding with Jay Spearing in the centre of midfield and he's full of praise for the contribution of the Academy graduate.
The 24-year-old also admits the way teenagers John Flanagan and Jack Robinson have slotted into the first team has given everyone a boost.
"It's very difficult in your first season in the Premier League and especially as Jay has come in when we are under pressure to win because we still think we can get fifth place," he added.
"But Jay is playing really well and is developing very quickly.
"The other young players in the team have also looked very good. When the fans can see youngsters coming in and playing well, it means Liverpool have a bright future.
"I'm still learning myself but with Jay I try to give him confidence and help him feel comfortable on the pitch. When I arrived in Liverpool a lot of people helped me and that's what I'm trying to do for the youngsters now.
"I think what has helped Flano and Robbo is that the way the reserves and youth team play is the same style.
"The quality is different in the first team but the way we play is the same.


The SELMAS Forum this year is being held as usual at St George's School, Garscube Terrace, Edinburgh EH12 6BG on Thursday 11 May, 6.00-9.00pm, with the unchanged but much appreciated formula of good food, good wine and stimulating, challenging speakers. We are continuing our focus on marginalised young people and their experiences within (and out of) our system.
will all be joining us and contributing short talks during the evening.
There is parking at St George's School and public transport links at the nearby Murrayfield tram stop or bus to Roseburn adds a 5 minute walk.
Simply choose the pay by invoice option in the drop down menu and follow the instructions.


The project aims at further testing a new approach, the maximum entropy production (MEP) model of surface heat fluxes (Wang et al, 2014), for modeling and monitoring air-sea exchange of water and heat air-sea water and heat. Compared to the classical methods such as bulk transfer model, the MEP model has several advantages: (1) closing the surface energy budgets at all time and space scales through constraining surface turbulent and conductive heat fluxes by radiation fluxes, (2) allowing the heat fluxes to be derived from only remote sensing observations; (3) parsimony of model input and parameter, (4) independent of bulk gradient variables, and (5) avoiding the explicit use of wind speed and surface roughness as model parameters. The MEP model has been extensively tested against in-situ land observations and also shown to be a promising new remote sensing retrieval algorithm of surface meteorological variables (Moghim et al, 2015). The MEP model predicts air-sea fluxes (turbulent latent, sensible and conductive water/snow/ice heat) using only existing surface solar, long-wave radiation fluxes and sea surface temperature (SST) (and snow/ice surface temperature over Antarctic snow/ice and Arctic sea ice). The MPE model facilitates parameterization of surface fluxes not only for oceans but also for snow-ice covered Antarctica and Arctic) for the climatic assessment of ocean heat budgets needed for the analysis of heat transport in the oceans, sea ice layers and glaciers.


text:
Q: Is there such thing as a plymouth IDE? I have googled and have scoured the internet attempting to find a plymouth script IDE which would allow me to see a sample window which update itself with code changes. Similar to Apple's XCode "Playground."
Is there any such thing? Or should I just stick with the good, old-fashioned text editor?
I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS if it matters, and any help would be appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
De galoistheorie is een tak van de wiskunde, meer bepaald van de abstracte algebra. Ze is genoemd naar de Franse wiskundige Évariste Galois.

Galois ontwikkelde zijn theorie om nulpunten van polynomen te bestuderen. In haar oorspronkelijke vorm bestudeert de galoistheorie groepen van permutaties op de nulpunten van een polynoom, die de polynoom zelf invariant laten.

De moderne vorm van de galoistheorie is afkomstig van Richard Dedekind. In die vorm behandelt ze uitbreidingen van (commutatieve) lichamen door met ieder paar lichamen  een (niet noodzakelijk commutatieve) groep  te associëren, galoisgroep van  over  genaamd. De elementen van  zijn de automorfismen van  die de elementen van  stuk voor stuk invariant laten. De hoofdstelling van de galoistheorie brengt stijgende ketens van lichamen in verband met dalende ketens van normaaldelers in een groep.

De galoistheorie wordt vaak gebruikt om aan te tonen dat sommige wiskundige problemen geen oplossing kunnen hebben, bijvoorbeeld de driedeling van de hoek met passer en liniaal, de kwadratuur van de cirkel en de algemene vijfdegraadsvergelijking.

Definitie
Een algebraïsche uitbreiding  van een lichaam  noemt men een galois-uitbreiding van  als aan de volgende twee voorwaarden voldaan is:
normaliteit:  is het splijtlichaam van een familie polynomen met coëfficiënten in  (in zekere zin is  het kleinste lichaam waarin de polynomen ontbonden kunnen worden in factoren van de eerste graad);
separabiliteit:  wordt als uitbreiding van  voortgebracht door nulpunten van separabele polynomen. Een irreducibel polynoom is separabel als het geen factoren gemeenschappelijk heeft met zijn formele afgeleide. Als de lichamen in kwestie karakteristiek 0 hebben, is hieraan vanzelf voldaan.

Deze definitie is gelijkwaardig met de eis dat er een verzameling  van automorfismen van  bestaat, zodat  precies uit de fixpunten van  bestaat:

 kan worden opgevat als een vectorruimte over  Veronderstel dat  het splijtlichaam is van de polynoom over  De dimensie van het splijtlichaam van , die wordt genoteerd als   is een veelvoud van de graad van

Voorbeelden
 Het lichaam  der complexe getallen is een galois-uitbreiding van het lichaam  der reële getallen.  is over  het splijtlichaam van de polynoom . De Galoisgroep  is de groep  de cyclische groep van twee elementen. Het enige element behalve het neutrale element van deze groep is de afbeelding die ieder getal op zijn complex geconjugeerde afbeeldt.

 Het lichaam  is de kleinste uitbreiding van de rationale getallen waarvan ook  element is.   is niet het splijtlichaam van de polynoom  want het bevat geen van de twee complexe nulpunten,  voldoet wel en is 6-dimensionaal over

Hoofdstelling van de galoistheorie
Zij  een lichaam, en  een eindige groep die bestaat uit automorfismen van  Zij  het lichaam der elementen van  die door alle groepselementen invariant gelaten worden:

Beschouw voor ieder lichaam  tussen  en  de ondergroep  van  die bestaat uit de automorfismen die alle elementen van  invariant laten.

Beschouw voor elke ondergroep  van  het lichaam  dat bestaat uit alle elementen van  die door de groepselementen van  invariant gelaten worden.

Het verband tussen  en  bepaalt een bijectie tussen de verzameling deellichamen van  die  omvatten, en de verzameling ondergroepen van  Het verband tussen  en  bepaalt de omgekeerde bijectie.

Men kan bovendien aantonen dat  dan en slechts dan een normale uitbreiding is als  een normaaldeler is van

Oneindige galoistheorie

Een deel van de theorie blijft gelden voor oneindig-dimensionale lichaamsuitbreidingen en oneindige groepen. Men gaat nog steeds uit van een algebraïsche uitbreiding die normaal en separabel is, maar die eventueel oneindig-dimensionaal is over het grondlichaam. De automorfismengroep wordt voorzien van een topologie, en men beperkt zich tot de studie van gesloten deelgroepen.

Er geldt dan een bijectie tussen de verzameling gesloten deelgroepen van de automorfismengroep en de verzameling tussenlichamen. De normaaldelers van de automorfismengroep komen overeen met de normale uitbreidingen van het grondlichaam.

De gehanteerde topologie wordt voortgebracht door alle nevenklassen van normaaldelers van de automorfismengroep met eindige index. In die topologie bestaat de sluiting van een deelgroep van de automorfismengroep uit de automorfismen die alle fixpunten van de gegeven deelgroep ongemoeid laten.

Groepentheorie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The day that AI was opened! I had an alan forum before called alan-love, but I gave up on that forum and it just slowly died away. I swore that no matter what happens, I will never let this forum die! After the loss of alan-world, I figured that alan fans needed a place to go!
The reason why I chose "alan-international" as the forum name is because that's what we are. We are fans from all over the world that came together for one common goal and that is alan.
The abbreviation of alan-international is AI.
I created an account for alan in her name and tweeted her manager about it. I also tweeted alan in case her manager didn't give her my message. alan then contacted me over Twitter and I talked with her more on Weibo where I gave her the username and password.
alan left an English message for this forum!
She also promoted AI on her Weibo and AI is included in her Chinese blogroll.
Ai in both romaji and pinyin means love. We love alan and both of her Japanese and Chinese music.
Most of the fans here came from AHS (Ayumi Hamasaki Sekai) and last.fm where I did most of my promotion. Many Chinese fans from Tieba are also here because I promoted AI there too. Even though they registered, some registered just to support alan and most of them never post.
Most of the active users are from AHS.
I'm very grateful to everyone that has joined our little family.
I hope for AI to have an even brighter future and maybe alan will notice us one day!
Congratulations Pommy!! With all your heart and Tears (tears of have many time monitoring the forum and your eyes are tired? je je je), you made the Great Space for all alan fans! You have the best of both worlds, you can understand all that write alan about her projects and can communication it to us!
Keep on with your forum!!!
After the lost of alan-world, I figured that alan fans needed a place to go!
After alan knows about us, we should think the next plan!
Maybe we should... ask her to become an active member?
I had no idea she posted here. I'm surprised. Congrats, Pommy!
I didnt know AI has like... thread of the most memorable moments.
now alan posted message here, our next goal should be become more active or more popular forum.
AI sure has come far!
Let's keep on adding more chapters to our journey!
Ah great story Pom! I felt kinda sad when alan-world faded away because it was such a family-like forum, so it's amazing that you created a new forum that's way bigger yet still feels like a family!
Next step? Who knows, maybe trying to convince the alan family people over Ameba.jp to talk about AI? They all seem really nice, they even added me to their alan family Twitter list, lol.
Haha I'm just glad that even with all of our members that we are a family and not just a community!
Oh yeah~ They add anyone who talks about alan! Haha...but it would be great for the ones to know English to join~ But we already have a couple Japanese members!
^Did you create alaan8.blogspot.com ??


text:
Posted 12th October 2015 | 9 Comments
Level crossing upgrade hits deadlock
Text of Network Rail letter (pdf)
Railnews Ltd is not responsible for the content of external sites.
A BID to upgrade the gates at a 'high risk' level crossing in Sussex has fallen foul of planning laws, and Network Rail has written a letter of apology to local residents who have been protesting that the road across the railway has now been closed for several weeks.
The gates at Plumpton between Burgess Hill and Lewes are of the traditional pattern, and controlled from the box alongside. But Network Rail said that "despite its local popularity and heritage, independent risk assessments had identified that the level crossing posed a high safety risk, as well as being increasingly difficult to operate and maintain".
They now need to be replaced with modern lifting barriers which could in future be controlled by the new Rail Operating Centre at Three Bridges. The upgrade is costing £2 million.
But although Network Rail sought planning permission to upgrade the crossing in June and then closed the road on 25 September, Lewes District Council refused planning permission a few days later, saying that the modernisation would cause 'substantial harm to the significance of the signal box'.
Had the work gone ahead, the road would have reopened today (12 October). Meanwhile 600 people have signed a petition calling for the crossing to be restored, because while it is blocked local motorists are forced to take a diversion of some 10km.
Plumpton is one of the several hundred remaining mechanical boxes which are set to be replaced by the national network of 12 Rail Operating Centres. Some of the most important of these old boxes are destined to be preserved by heritage railways or museums, and the Victorian-era gates at Plumpton are set to be presented to the East Kent Railway Trust.
Network Rail area director Steve Knight admitted that NR had been wrong to assume that planning permission would be granted, but said: "We sincerely apologise to local residents for the disruption caused by the current closure of Plumpton level crossing. No level crossing is entirely safe or risk free, but we know we have to find a safer long term solution for the level crossing at Plumpton. We cannot stand idly by and allow an outdated, high-risk crossing to remain in use when we know we can make it much safer."
In its letter to residents, Network Rail warned that an early solution seems unlikely. It explained: "We are working round the clock to try and find a temporary safe solution for the level crossing that is acceptable to residents and the local community and meets our obligations. However, this will take us some time and it is likely that the current diversionary routes will remain for at least the next three months."
Neil Palmer, Waterloo
One has to wonder whether Network Rail is really that stupid (see comment from Hugh Gillies-Smith) or was this done intentionally with the sole purpose of closing the crossing permanently ?
Hugh Gillies-Smith, South Milford
Why have they gone for Planning consent on an operational asset such as this? Have they no people working for them anymore who are aware of the Statutory Powers afforded to railways?
Hugh Collins, Lewes
I suggest that Network Rail closes the crossing indefinitely. The signal box could then be dismantled when Three Bridges is ready to take on the signalling. No planning issue then - the crossing and box will be gone! I also suggest that Network Rail stops consulting local councils on such trivial matters. The railway is being properly modernised all over the country without such trivial planning issues. There's a general policy to reduce the number of level crossings for safety reasons. This is a good example of where to start.
Derek Rimington, Brighton
Local burocracy gone mad.
It has been stated locally that work had already started, if the crossing were to be reopened again now, presumably reinstatement would be necessary, and who should pay for that?
The best thing is to just leave the crossing closed to road traffic until Lewes District Council come to their senses.
I do not know how long a Plumpton kilometre is, but I make it a journey by car of seven ISO kilometres from one side of the crossing to the other, with many journeys not being lengthened at all.
[Thank you for your useful information about the length of the diversions, which most reports were describing as 'six to seven miles' -- hence our 10km. I would imagine that the worst cases would get the most publicity!--Editor.]
Tony Lamdin, Morphett Vale
Plumpton is between Wivelsfield and Lewes and not Burgess Hill railwaywise
[In this case we were referring to general geography, not the railway map, but as far as the network is concerned you are right. Or should it be between Wivelsfield and Cooksbridge? Or Keymer Junction and Cooksbridge? Or Keymer Junction and Lewes?--Editor.]
Honestly, yet another example of the abject stupidity of UK planning laws and the ability of every little self-important council or authority to delay changes on the railway - and the government wonders why Network Rail's costs are so high. It's because of government itself, on all levels.
If the article is correct then it seems this has reached new heights of insanity as Lewes District Council is apparently not objecting to any physical changes to the signal box, of which their appear to be none, but to the idea of 'substantial harm to the significance of the signal box'. On what legal authority do they have the right to object to a change, and refuse permission, on the grounds of a change to the "significance" of a signal box? Surely they have overstepped their authority here. As 100andthirty says, this is all on railway land and the article states they are replacing the crossing gates and not making any changes to the signal box, so why does the local council even have any right to object, and why did they even need to be consulted? Is this just a case of Network Rail trying to be good neighbours and inform the local authority of changes, even though they have no legal requirement to do so? If so maybe they'll learn a lesson from this and not waste time in future looking for approval for something they already have the authority to do.
Maybe Network Rail should offer to reopen the crossing immediately, if Lewes District Council sign a legally binding agreement to assume full responsibility for any damage, injury or death, or costs to compensate TOC's for delays caused by operational problems caused if the crossing is reopened with the current gates. Maybe that would smarten up these self-important little local authority dictators and remind them of their position near the bottom of the food chain, and of the legal limits of their authority, and teach them to stop trying to meddle in things they have no business sticking their noses into.
[Our article is based on information from Network Rail. If NR is correct, so are we.--Editor.]
Rooky, Plumpton
Network Rail sent residents a letter dated 9th October 2015. In it, NR state the crossing presented an unacceptable safety risk. This begs the question, 'how long were Network Rail aware of this unacceptable risk and did they tell the train operators who drive over the crossing?'. I'm sure the TUs would have a view on this.
Anonymous Widower, Dalston, London
This is the sort of case that lawyers call a dripping roast. They must be rubbing their hands with glee.
Therses are the sort of problems that should be decided by the Infrastructure Commission.
100andthirty, Milton Keynes
It must be an interesting issue as to whether planning permission is even needed, given that this is all, presumably on railway land
[It is, but plenty of railway structures are listed, even so. Extreme examples were St Pancras and King's Cross in London, where I believe the upgrade work was inspected weekly by English Heritage because of the protected status of the buildings.--Editor]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lovely 2000m2 plot in Elviria with sea views and south west orientation. Possible to split it in to 2 plots. Great location in short distance to the centro comercial Elviria, supermarkets, bars and restaurants.


Quiz: Is Your Faith Strong Enough To Score You 100% On This Christian Test?
Which group of three entities is typically described as making up the Christian Trinity?
Which of these is not a "capital sin"?
Which group of three Old Testament books all belong to the Pentateuch?
After Communion, the washing of fingers and vessels is called what?
This Christian organization has a song named after its acronym.
Choose the 3 Theological Virtues.
In Catholic and Anglican churches, you may see someone carry out a genuflection. What is this?
What is the name for the item into which wine is poured for the sacrament of Holy Communion?
Which of the following is a part of the 5-fold ministry?
In the Old Testament, who did God ask to sacrifice his son as a sign of faith?
Which of these symbols is used to identify Christianity?
This is usually used to hold a bible and is usually where a priest or pastor preaches from.
What is a thurible used for?
At what location did Jesus turn water into wine?
"...for they shall be called the children of God"
"...for they shall take away all sin"
"...for they shall be forgiven"
Of the armor of God, the shield represents what?
Who was the mother of Cain and Abel?


Jess is set to return to The Edinburgh Festival with more spot-on celebrity impressions, musical comedy and stunning vocal gymnastics. Like a wonderfully malfunctioning jukebox, Jess and her incredible band take you on a dizzying journey through hilarious improvised musical mash-ups, serving a feast of styles and genres from Billie Holiday and Liza Minnelli to Iggy Azalea, Beyoncé and Kate Bush. 'No matter what your tastes this Fringe… Robinson will entertain them all' ***** (Edinburgh Festivals Magazine). Arts Award Voice Award 2015/16, Amused Moose Peoples Champion Award 2015, Mervyn Stutter – Pick of the Fringe Award 2015, Chortle Award nominee 2014.


text:
No manner to show the cultural clock again
in Errand Services
Based on what we see going on in and to the arena, and regardless of the effective signs we examine into the G20 Summit in Osaka, we can say we've reached a brand new crossroad in records, in which the global network faces a fixed of "to be or not to be" dilemmas, which has ways-reaching implications.
The real problems or contradictions of the world are not between civilizations, opposite to what some human beings declare. Yet we will use a cultural attitude to analyze the demanding situations facing the sector and sell inter-civilization speak to manual human progress worldwide.
But being a journalist, I'd choose to ask, in place of an answer, questions:
Question No 1: Should the world thrive as a global village or retreat into islands of isolation?
The question is whether or not we will undo the inter-dependency built most of the economies the world over the last centuries. At the instant, there are certain human beings, albeit a minimal wide variety, trying hard to halt the momentum of monetary globalization and disrupt the worldwide department of hard work. They even go to the volume of advocating the decoupling of the sector's largest economies. Such efforts, no doubt, will prove to be a workout in futility or, worst, foolishness.
Globalization is in step with the hobbies of all. As a result of globalization, most contemporary merchandise of the sector are the effects of worldwide industrial collaboration. The market plays a decisive position in allocating resources and capital efficaciously, making it possible for human beings worldwide to experience nice commodities and offerings at low prices. To say globalization is in line with the pastimes of all parties is to the nation the plain, even though advanced economies, which can be perched at the top of the value chain, benefit maximum from the method.
Some troubles have come at the side of globalization, the growing wealth gap for one, and it makes feel to enhance the worldwide governance device for the method to be more open, inclusive, balanced and equal so that greater humans can revel in the result of globalization. But it's far ridiculous to give up ingesting for worry of choking. Trying to dismantle the globalized financial gadget-to overthrow all monetary and change theories due to the fact Adam Smith and David Ricardo-is not anything however a fool's errand.
It is not possible to artificially sever the flows of capital, technology, commodities, and talents, and for the sea of the arena, economy to recede into isolated lakes and rivers, to borrow an analogy from President Xi Jinping's speech at a global monetary forum in St. Petersburg, Russia, ultimate month.
Question No 2: Should we include a shared destiny or revert to the regulation of the jungle?
Back in 1966, in a piece of writing titled "Why Is There No International Theory", British student Martin Wight expressed dissatisfaction with brief-sighted realism. He referred to as for a profound historical imaginative and prescient. In the conventional feel, worldwide politics is a theory of survival, and international relations nowadays are not lots exclusive from those of the past. Zero-sum is the name of the game. It's corresponding to the notion of "you lose, I win", or "you die, I live".
But the sector has passed through dramatic modifications considering that Wight's time and his inquiry. The fundamental difference, as we've got discussed above, lies inside the ever-growing inter-dependency many of the international players and, as a result of that, the emerging de facto network of pastimes, where egocentric interests of countries are interwoven, interrelated and have inter-merged.
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Q: JPA - Native @Query parameters I'm trying to query all rows updated in the last N (interval parameter) seconds. It seems that :interval is not being replaced making the SQL statement parse to fail
@Modifying
@Query(value = "SELECT * " +
               "FROM status " +
               "WHERE updated_at >= (SYSDATE - INTERVAL ':interval' SECOND)",
       nativeQuery = true)
List<Status> findLastUpdates(@Param("interval") Integer interval);

Exception:
Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLDataException: Cannot parse "INTERVAL" constant ":interval"; SQL statement:
SELECT * FROM status WHERE updated_at >= (SYSDATE - INTERVAL ':interval' SECOND) [22007-200]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:457) ~[h2-1.4.200.jar:1.4.200]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:429) ~[h2-1.4.200.jar:1.4.200]

(...)
Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ":interval"
    at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) ~[na:1.8.0_242]
    at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:589) ~[na:1.8.0_242]

Removing the quotes that wrappers :interval just change the exception
org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLSyntaxErrorException: Syntax error in SQL statement "SELECT * FROM STATUS WHERE UPDATED_AT >= (SYSDATE - INTERVAL ? SECOND[*])"; expected "string"; SQL statement:
SELECT * FROM status WHERE updated_at >= (SYSDATE - INTERVAL ? SECOND) [42001-200]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:453)

What Am I missing here?
I'm using Spring Boot 2.3.4

A: It's not a Spring but SQL syntax problem - you've put :interval between single quotes and this way doesn't work at all. Given the INTERVAL 'x' SECOND here is just a syntax sugar for getting proper amount of seconds, you could change the sql like this:
"WHERE updated_at >= (SYSDATE - :sec*1/24/60/60)"

UPD: in your case the ':interval' parameter has been recognized as a string literal and this fact is contained in a stack trace:

Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLDataException: Cannot parse "INTERVAL"
constant ":interval"; SQL statement: SELECT * FROM status WHERE
updated_at >= (SYSDATE - INTERVAL ':interval' SECOND) [22007-200]
Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:
":interval"
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
~[na:1.8.0_242]

It happened coz all the rules of String processing in java are applicable for the parameter of the @Query annotation. Simple example:
System.out.println("'Hello world!'");

Result: 'Hello world!' // with single quotes
On the other hand you've got the exception after removing quotes because INTERVAL got a numeric value as a parameter meanwhile it expects a string value


Following their sold-out 2015 Australian tour and upon the demand of their passionate Australian fan base, Nice Events and David Roy Williams Music are proud to announce that Scott Bradlee's Postmodern Jukebox will return to Australia and New Zealand in August and September 2016 for a national tour.
PMJ will be wrapping up a 75-city sold-out European run in June 2016 and just last month announced a much-anticipated 45-date North American tour from Sept. to Nov. 2016, which will include their first-ever performance at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.
Postmodern Jukebox, the ever-growing collective of performers – now with a roster of over 70 rotating cast members – has spent the past few years amassing nearly 500 million YouTube views and 2 million subscribers, performed on "Good Morning America," topped iTunes and Billboard charts, and played hundreds of shows to packed-houses around the world. As NPR put it, they've done this by "taking current Top 40 hits and re-imagining them as coming from older eras of popular music." In one such remake, Postmodern Jukebox turned Miley Cyrus' "We Can't Stop" into a doo-wop ditty that's garnered over 15.6 million views. Last year, Bradlee arranged Radiohead's alt-rock hit "Creep" as a torch-like ballad that's racked up over 16.9 million views and was named one of the "9 Best Viral Cover Videos of 2015" by People magazine. Multi-Grammy winning artist Lorde praised Postmodern Jukebox's vintage take on her hit single, "Royals," which has been viewed over 15.3 million times, as her "favorite." PMJ recently performed a '30s jazz remake of Elle King's "Ex's & Oh's" for MTV UK – click HERE to watch.
Bradlee, the creator and mastermind behind the group, has turned Postmodern Jukebox into a juggernaut by building an incredible grassroots movement around the act. He continues to pick the songs, create the arrangements and shows, and put together the casts for every tour – which includes several notable names alongside some phenomenal "undiscovered" talent. The group releases a new video every week, each one shot in the casual environment of Bradlee's living room. A very busy man these days, Bradlee splits his time between producing new videos in Los Angeles and traveling the globe to manage his tours.


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Oct. 20, 2017 12:58 pm
The proposal is in. Let's talk about a possible Amazon HQ2 in Philly
At the unveiling of Philly's proposal, Mayor Kenney said Philly would win. Win or lose, here's how some leaders of the Philly tech community feel about the prospect of HQ2.
Inside the culture at Azavea View Open Positions
The intro to the pitch video.
(Video by Skai Blue Media)
The pitch is done, the proposal has been sent.
Philly's officially in the running to become the site of Amazon's proposed second headquarters, a 50,000-employee campus that will have a profound, transformative impact in any city it chooses. By not a small number of informed guesses, Philly's a real contender. It meets many of the baseline requirements in CEO Jeff Bezos' shopping list: a population bigger than a million and access to an international airport, among a bunch of millennial-friendly quality-of-life pluses.
A handful of local tech execs have been lending their voices in support of Philly as an HQ2 site.
"Philly has an X factor that very few cities can claim: we've got momentum," Curalate CEO Apu Gupta said in the three-minute video put together to summarize the city's proposal.
"You're finding students that are willing to challenge conventional thinking," First Round Capital founder Josh Kopelman states before the camera.
Seer Interactive CEO Wil Reynolds and Monetate CEO Lucinda Duncalfe also back the proposal.
We reached out to more community members for more nuanced thoughts around what some are calling a once-a-generation opportunity.
Code for Philly's Dawn McDougall offers one caveat: city leaders should keep their eye on the balance between creating innovation corridors and solving urgent social and economic disparities.
"I think that this is an amazing opportunity for Philadelphia not only because of the economic implications, but also the impact we can have on technology as a whole," McDougall cedes. "Amazon is a leader in technology who has transformed the space. Having Philadelphia as a pool of perspective to help shape the continuing future is an important responsibility that our community is undoubtedly prepared to meet."
Behind Guru founder Rick Nucci's bullish stance on Amazon coming to Philly is the potential to grow that talent pool even further.
"A company of Amazon's size will hire students from our local universities, lessening the odds of them leaving after they graduate," said Nucci, who got West Coast–based Slack to invest in his company. "They will hire from the local community, and they will hire in surrounding cities and relocate people to Philadelphia. They will train those hires in various disciplines, which increases the depth of knowledge in different fields for working professionals who may naturally go on to other organizations in the area. I view this all as a net positive for Philadelphia."
Indian-born entrepreneur Vidur Bhatnagar, founder and CEO of Keriton, is excited about the possibility of a "mammoth tech player" being in town.
"The downside, with any such movement, is the immediate pressure it puts on existing infrastructure of the city: transportation, housing, etc," the founder said. "And then the impending dangers of gentrification."
I have plenty of strong opinions but am still in Q mode. Amazon has def changed Seattle but has it improved it & for whom?
— Ashley A. Bernard (@ashleyabernard) October 19, 2017
IOPipe's Erica Windisch, the cofounder of a company with presence in Philadelphia and Seattle, said she has long questioned why Philly hasn't had more interest from developers.
"We offer a compelling solution to the problems Amazon is seeking to overcome," said Windisch. "Lower Bucks [County] in particular offers large amounts of undeveloped land wedged between I-95, 276, and Route-1, with Amtrak offering a 1 hour commute to New York City from Trenton, and 45 minute commutes to two major international airports (Newark and Philadelphia) offering direct flights to Seattle and San Francisco."
Logistics and transportation was one of the key areas in Philly's bid.
Jake Stein, CEO of Stitch, fired back with both a specific qualm and an A+ cinema reference:
"It would be great if Amazon comes to Philly, but I'm skeptical that the costs of the tax incentives and other special treatment will outweigh the benefits," said Stein. "From both an equity and ROI perspective, I'd prefer investments in things that apply to a wider range of Philadelphians and this kind of proposal for Amazon."
For James Regan, cofounder and CMO of Philly-based MRP, there's concern of the cost the negotiation might run our city.
Philly.com reports the incentives package offered to the Seattle corporation tops $1 billion.
"It's possible that losing it might be the best thing for us," Regan told Technical.ly in an email. "The RFP response is the blueprint for the future of the city. If we do lose Amazon to another city, the RFP should be made public and public resources should align around implementing the big ideas that we were trying to sell to Amazon. Losing gives us the chance to pave a future for our city — and do it on our terms."
Alot of local startups in a few years could be like Amazon, and bring Philly similar economical returns. We should believe more in ourselves
— Mo ?????? (@MoZ3rban) October 19, 2017
TJ Nicolaides of design firm Think Company, stumped for Philly's scrappy, growing tech community.
"If we lose the bid, I hope it's not something we dwell on for long, as though there was something inadequate or missing without Amazon here," Nicolaides said. "We talk all the time about how awesome the Philly tech community is, and what amazing work is getting done — groundbreaking medical research, neighborhood cleanups, STEM education for kids — the list goes on. This is an amazing group that sets itself apart by using technology to lift each other up, not hunt for the most disruptive way to solve life's minor annoyances. That was true before we knew HQ2 was a possibility, it's true today, and it will still be true long after Amazon has unpacked their boxes somewhere else."
HQ2 win or not, it would take a true cynic to not find at least some inspiration in the pitch videos compiled by the city. If the answer comes back a yes, it's a whole new ball game for Philly tech. But if it's a no, IOPipe's Windisch offers one playbook we might follow:
"If we lose the bid, we should continue growing our own culture and building a city that provides unique advantages over the bigger hubs like Seattle and San Francisco."
People: Erica Windisch
The Amazon HQ2 bid has reportedly cost $545K. What will Philly get in exchange?
Philadelphia has what it takes — Amazon or no Amazon
Kenney: Amazon reps came to Philly for HQ2 scouting
Philly makes Amazon HQ2 shortlist
This Alexa app helps companies manage their fleets
Mayor Kenney on Philly's Amazon HQ2 bid: We're going to win this


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Best of 2020: Theatre
"Goodbye": The single word lingered heavily in the air last March 16, as the scripted closing both of the terrific Southwark Playhouse revival of The Last Five Years and as an ancillary farewell to live theatre. Late afternoon on that same day, in...
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Stillness works like a stealth bomb in Nights in the Garden of Spain, in which Tamsin Greig further confirms her status as one of this country's finest actresses. Kicking off the final pairing in an indispensable series of Alan Bennett double bills...
Playing Sandwiches & A Lady of Letters, Bridge Theatre review - the darkness dazzles, twice over
"Getting dark," or so comments Irene Ruddock (a pitch-perfect Imelda Staunton) in passing midway through A Lady of Letters, and, boy, ain't that the truth? Both this monologue, and the one that precedes it (Playing Sandwiches, featuring the mighty...
The Shrine & Bed Among the Lentils, Bridge Theatre review - loneliness shared, with wit and melancholy
Monologues and duets rule the stage right now. We can only dream of the day when theatre steps up to the classical music scene's boldness and manages to have more performers gathered together, albeit suitably distanced (not so easy when the drama...
Alan Bennett's Talking Heads, BBC One review - still lives run deep
The eyes have it in Alan Bennett's Talking Heads, which is in no way to discount this venerable writer's gift for words. Time and again in this vaunted series of dramatic solos, ten of which have now been remade alongside two new ones, a character...
Theatre Lockdown Special 9: Alan Bennett revisited, and so is Oz
The government may occupy shifting sands when it comes to handling Covid-19, but the arts thank heavens continue to step up to the plate with a dizzying array of online options. This week's output mixes a soul musical from 1970s Broadway alongside a...
The Lehman Trilogy, Piccadilly Theatre review - stunning chronicle of determination and dollars
Mammon and Yahweh are the presiding deities over an epic enterprise that tells the story not just of three brothers who founded a bank but of modern America. Virgil asked his Muse to sing of 'arms and the man', yet here the theme becomes that of '...
Allelujah!, Bridge Theatre review - hilarious but dark, darker, darkest
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The Wind in the Willows, London Palladium review - an effortful slog
An enormous amount rides on a musical's opening number. Without explicitly expressing it, a good opener sets tone, mood and style. Take The Lion King, where "Circle of Life" so thrillingly unites music, design and direction that nothing that follows...
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Maurice Hatton's 1978 Long Shot comes with the subtitle "A film about filmmaking", a nod at what has practically become a cinematic sub-category in itself. But while other directors have used the genre for philosophical or aesthetic rumination,...
Sunday Book: Alan Bennett - Keeping On Keeping On
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Both the photos for today are of a wonderful bush I have in my gardens…..in fact, I have four of them! They are called Boomerang Lilacs, which are a dwarf lilac bush that blooms in the spring and then again in the late summer/early autumn! The blossoms aren't as huge as a regular lilac bush, but they are just as stunning and smell just as sweet! I love them – they are great in a smaller bed with other plants……a perfect addition to my gardens!
Second of four bushes in my yard!
I am so happy that – as of today – there is an ALL BEATLES station on Sirius XM radio!!! My life is complete!!!
I went to a "Bead 'n Sip" event with a friend of mine, tonight…..we made necklaces – this is mine! LOVE IT!!!
Hey Kim, Considering you are that much of a Beatles fan (as I am), have you ever seen and heard on YouTube the singing group 'The Fab Four' ? They are so much like the Beatles it is uncanny ! I have spent hours listening to them, especially their full concert which took place in Burbank Calif. in July 2015. Check it out. Should be well worth your time ! I think you will enjoy it !
I haven't heard of them…..thanks for the tip, I'll check them out!


Revelation II chess board is a complete chess system based upon the first Revelation chess board. It is based upon a 800Mhz Xscale processor and produces a chess rating of over 2800 ELO using the world champion programs Shredder and Hiarcs.
The full size tournament board is an innovative DGT sensor board with individual piece recognition and inlaid LED lights to indicate the chess moves. The green OLED display and six large keys give this stand-alone system a classic menu controlled operation available in English, French, German, Dutch and Spanish. Complete it with your personal choice of hand carved electronic DGT chess pieces.


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2019 Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Part One
Knoxville Urban Guy· April 30, 2019
CultureEvents
Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Knoxville, April 2019
The annual Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes is always a highlight of our spring. Urban Woman and I have taken the tour for about a decade and it never gets old. If nothing else, the neighborhood simply makes for a beautiful springtime stroll, as shown in the amazing azaleas and irises currently lighting up the streets.
But the homes and churches are the stars that keep us coming back. Seeing what the owners do with their homes is inspiring both because of the beauty found in many of them, but also in the love and hard work that went into bringing the homes back to life and keeping them in good shape.
Brownlow Lofts, 140 East Glenwood Avenue, Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Knoxville, April 2019
Brownlow Lofts, 140 East Glenwood Avenue, Unit 110, Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Knoxville, April 2019
Since we've been on the tour a number of times, we sometimes skip a stop or two that we've seen before. This year's tour included Knox High, which we skipped because we go there all the time to see Urban Uncle who moved there last fall. He loves living there and the place is beautiful, so see it if you haven't. You'll find my Knox High tour photos from a year ago here. We also skipped Central United Methodist because we've seen it a number of times. Photos of that and all previous tours can be found by searching for the Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes in the search bar below.
As always, the information for this article is all taken from the great tour booklet which gives the history and other information about each home. It is compiled and written by Arin Streeter.
We started our tour at Brownlow Lofts. Originally called Glenwood School, it was built in 1913 and later changed its name to Brownlow School, named in honor of John Bell Brownlow. The school was redesigned in 1926 by Knoxville architect Charles Barber.
The school hosted students until the 1990s and the building was used for interior shots in the the 1999 movie October Sky. During the first decade of the new century, the building fell into disrepair and was in danger of being lost when the neighborhood rallied to save it. In 2009 it opened as condominiums and it includes 35 units.
The two units on the tour and pictured here, 110 and 210, share identical floor plans with the exception of a slight bedroom/bathroom redesign in 110. The upper unit has twelve foot ceilings, and both units feature windows on each end. This contrasts with most units in the building which have windows on one end only, as they were previously classrooms. Extra fun for us: A good friend lives in 110 and Urban Brother lives in 210.
1205 Luttrell Street, Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Knoxville, April 2019
Our next stop was 1205 Luttell Street. Luttrell bisects the neighborhood and serves as the main thoroughfare to get from one end to the other. It also contains a large number of beautiful homes that, generally start with older homes on the south end and move up through the decades as you move north.
This home is located toward the north end and was built in 1920. First occupied by Max Friedman and his family, the home would be the residence for a succession of Jewish residents through the years as the neighborhood was home for much of the city's Jewish population through the middle of the last century.
Mr. Friedman hit some financial difficulty and lost the home, but he ultimately found great success in the city. He later owned a building on Gay Street, a jewelry business and became a city councilman. According to the tour booklet, it was Mr. Friedman who suggested to President Franklin Roosevelt that was the country really needed was "a new deal."
The home was most recently purchased in 2008 and has been extensively renovated and updated, making it a dazzling show place. Built-in closets, a window box, new hearth tile and updates to the kitchen, bathrooms and a backyard haven give the home tremendous appeal.
1214 Luttrell Street was offered as a glimpse into the intricacies of a rehab on an older home. Currently undergoing extensive renovations that include an interior redesign by Open Door Architecture, with work being completed by Prime Renovations, the home will soon regain some of its previous luster and once more become a single family home. Open Door also did the redesign for the HGTV home in the neighborhood and both companies worked on our little urban renovations, so we're big fans.
Built in 1914, the first residents were Charles and Margaret Youngblood and various family members. Charles died in 1933, leaving the home to his niece. Like so many of the older homes, it was subsequently divided into two apartments and remained in that condition for decades until the current renovations.
1109 Eleanor Street, Fourth and Gill Tour of Homes, Knoxville, April 2019
1109 Eleanor Street is a beautiful craftsman home built in 1917 by brothers Earl and Fred Worsham. The brothers were the second generation of the family construction business which would later build numerous Knoxville landmarks, including the Andrew Johnson Hotel, Church Street United Methodist Church and the Medical Arts Building. Just those three would be enough to put them in the Knoxville architecture hall of fame.
The home was sold when it was completed and went through many owners over the years. The current owners purchased the home in 2017 (the home's 100th anniversary!) and have undertaken extensive renovation since. Gorgeous throughout, my favorite room was the library/office situated on the back side of the home, featuring beautiful, large windows, built in floor-to-ceiling book shelves and a library-grade sliding ladder.
We'll break this here and come back tomorrow with the second half of the tour which includes some of my favorite homes and a look inside the beautiful nave of St. John's Lutheran Church.
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Downtown Knoxville Ten Day Planner (1/29 – 2/7/2023
Knoxville Urban Guy· January 29, 2023
Southern Skies Line-up Announced; Tickets On Sale Friday


Star Wars Revenge of the Sith Topps Widevision oversized certified autograph card of actress Amy Allen, who played the Jedi Aayla Secura. With certificate of authenticity from AutographsForSale.com. ONLY ONE AVAILABLE FOR SALE.


Head of Ebiquity's International Effectiveness Group, Mike Campbell, highlights the enduring role of TV advertising in building and sustaining FMCG brands.
Media agency advice to shift investment from TV to digital and social media in order to reach today's audiences – particularly younger, so called millennial consumers – is putting the long term health and media performance of many FMCG brands at risk. Econometric evidence suggests that, while digital and social can be important components of media plans – particularly those targeting younger consumers – to use these channels as the main route to promote FMCG products threatens to undo years of brand building and brand equity development. TV is much more effective, and it also continues to attract older, often economically powerful demographics, too.
Traditionally, FMCG brands have built and sustained their success using TV led strategies. But FMCG clients spending time with media agencies in recent years could be forgiven for thinking the rules of brand building have changed fundamentally, particularly since the advent of digital and social media channels. Many media agencies routinely recommend that brands switch out of TV and into digital, often with suspiciously round and large percentages of their budgets moving across. And for those managing brands whose target audience includes the apparently elusive millennial audience, the call to replace increasing swathes of TV with digital is even louder.
The argument put forward by media agencies is that millennials' consumption of TV – particularly linear TV, watched at time of broadcast – is shrinking to the extent that it's hardly worth brands using TV at all to address this audience. They're spending all their time online, so the agencies say, and budgets should follow – and to some extent anticipate – consumer behavior in and around media. And while it is true that half of 16-24s total daily viewing time of 4h14m is not live TV and includes streamed content such as YouTube, nearly three quarters of their viewing IS TV, either live (50 percent), recorded on PVR (16 percent), or on demand (7 percent).
So younger consumers are still watching TV, including live TV. Media agencies' motivations for hastening the rush into digital are at least twofold. First, they don't want their clients to be miss out on the opportunity to interact with younger consumers in the media they use. They want their clients – and their media buys – to be modern and up with the times and technology. Second, they can and do obtain significantly higher commission and margins on digital media, where the transaction chains are more opaque and unregulated than traditional channels such as TV.
At Ebiquity, our econometric benchmarks show that brands that outperform the market are those that use creative executions on TV that help to reinforce memory structures.
Brands like KitKat with continuity of slogan on TV – "Have a break, have a KitKat". Time and again, campaigns for KitKat that use the slogan outperform those that don't.
Brands like Frito-Lays' Walkers with continuity of celebrity endorsement on TV – Gary Lineker. This example shows how well masterbranding can work across a family of sub-brands. Instant recognition drives sales on sub-brands – new flavors or variants – and the house style ensures that the effect will be seen across associated brands. The ROI of the launch of Walkers' Sensations was far from break-even on the new product line. The vast majority of the sales impact was on the masterbrand.
Brands like Elvive, with long term continuity of look and feel and formula.
And brands like Intel with continuity of sonic elements.
High recognition – driven by continuity of slogans, celebrities, look and feel, and sonic elements – in pre-test advertising scores links subsequently to higher ROI. Continuity of style links to strong TV performance. But where creative is incoherent or incompatible with established creative devices, the ROI can be ten times lower than highly effective creative on leading brands.
The temptation, when taking an established FMCG brand in a new direction on a new channel and with a new campaign, is to reinvent the wheel, to develop a creative route which either puts forward new brand assets for digital only, or adapts them to such an extent that they're neither recognizable nor visible to the target market. Our recent experience has shown us that, if you use established brand assets and/or house ad styling on digital and social platforms, they work harder for brands.
The media environment is currently so volatile that many advertisers find it difficult to know whom to believe about where they should invest hard fought media budgets. Because digital and social channels are new, because younger, millennial consumers use them more than older consumers, and because they're consuming less linear TV live, many media agencies are recommending advertisers shift out of TV and into digital.
All the evidence we have seen suggests that the rate of change in recent years has been far too quick. Those FMCG brands that have switched too much money too fast are failing to address their total available audience and are experiencing leaky bucket syndrome, with customers falling away quicker than they can be replaced. They acted first rather than opting to test and learn.
We're not advocating brands don't invest in digital and social. But we are suggesting that advertisers use the tools and techniques of econometrics to build the best media plans which deliver optimal ROI. Putting all – or too many – of your eggs in the digital basket too quickly, coupled with abandoning TV too fast, erodes what all of your consumers know and think about your brands. And it will make them vulnerable to the appeals made by competitive brands who have taken a more considered, evidence based approach to their media planning.