Potential array files come in a number of different types (.PA#, .PA, .PA0, .PA1, etc.). This document explains what these files are and how they differ.
The primary purpose of potential arrays is to represent the potentials throughout some volume. Fields, being the negative gradient of this potential, can also be derived. Potential arrays also store electrode geometries, particularly the shapes and potentials of electrode and other surfaces which define the boundary conditions for the Laplace equation used to compute the potentials throughout the volume in the first place.
Typically, when you first create a .PA file, you mark some points as electrodes and specify the potentials on those electrode points. The potentials on the non-electrodes points are initially unknown and are assumed unspecified by the user. In this condition, we say that the state of the array is unrefined, meaning that although the boundary conditions for the Laplace equation have been defined, but the potentials in the array at the non-electrode points do not yet satisfy the Laplace equation under those boundary conditions. However, by running the Refine function, SIMION computes and sets the potentials of the non-electrode points, and we then say that the state of the array is refined.
Once a .PA file is refined, you should normally not edit it. If you do edit the electrodes after refining, we say then say that the array is in an unrefined state again because non-electrode potentials remain inconsistent until we re-run the Refine function. There is one change in particular that we can make to a .PA file without re-refining it: we can proportionately scale the potentials of all points in the array by some constant. The linearity of the Laplace equation ensures that the Laplace equation is still satisfied (the array remains refined) after making this transformation.
A fast-adjust base solution array (.PA0 file) is like a .PA file but more flexible. A .PA0 has the same format as a .PA but except that it has some additional data (specifics are in File Format). The main advantage of .PA0 files is that you can quickly and independently (not just proportionately scale) change (i.e. "fast adjust") the electrode potentials without going through the relatively slow process of re-refining the array.
When you "fast adjust" a .PA0 file, the potentials inside it are recalculated from a specific linear combination of the potentials in the electrode solution arrays (.PA_, .PA1, .PA2, .PA3, etc. files). There is one electrode solution array per independently adjustable electrode. The .PA1 file corresponds to electrode #1, the .PA2 file corresponds to electrode #2, etc. Finally, the .PA_ file, corresponds to electrodes that are not independently fast adjustable, and it doesn't exist if there are no such electrodes. Electrode solution arrays have the same format as .PA files. Each of the electrode solution arrays has its represented electrode set to 10000V and the other electrodes set to 0V, and the potentials of the non-electrode points satisfy the Laplace equation (i.e. they are in a refined state). The linearity of the Laplace equation allows us to quickly determine solutions from linear combinations of individual electrode solution.
Fig. 19 Figure: Potential energy surface views of (left) .PA1 file, (middle) .PA2 file, (right) .PA3 file.
Figure: .PA# file viewed in Modify screen.
Note that the values in the .PA# file are not actual potentials but rather indices (1, 2, 3) to potentials to be defined later during the fast adjust. The .PA0 file contains real potentials.
Unlike a .PA file that may be in an unrefined or refined state, a .PA# is always considered unrefined, and .PA0 file is always considered refined.
Once a .PA0 file is generated, the .PA# file is no longer used except if you want to edit the geometry in the .PA# file and re-refine again.
Create the .PA# file in Modify.
Fast Adjust the .PA0 file.
Add the .PA0 file to your workbench and fly particles through it.
When you use a .PA0 file, SIMION automatically takes care of superimposing the fields. You don't ever need to touch the electrode solution arrays.
If electrode voltages need to be changed during a Fly'm (e.g. time dependent voltages like pulses or RF waveforms) or controlled by a user program.
For a system containing many electrodes with different voltages, we could choose to represent it with either a .PA or .PA# file. If we use a .PA file, the electrode voltages can only be proportionately scaled but on the up-side it only requires a single array and therefore is very efficient. If we use a .PA# file, we have the added flexibility of independently adjusting all electrode voltages at the expense of generating many electrode solution arrays that potentially take a lot of time to refine and consume a lot of memory. A compromise between these two options is to augment the .PA# file with a .PA+ file. A .PA+ file, which is a regular text file not an array, causes the electrode indices in the corresponding .PA# file to be reinterpreted such that sets of electrodes are grouped (where groups might overlap) and each group is independently proportionately scalable. Each group generates only one electrode solution array. .PA+ files were added in SIMION 8.0.3. A .PA+ file is not needed if you have only one of these groups: .PA# file electrode points that are not low positive integers are automatically interpreted as belonging one such group and are written to a .PA_ electrode solution array file. For further details, see Additional Fast Proportional Scaling Solutions.
Generally, a potential array (.PA) represents a scalar field. That is, it represents some number that varies over a 2D or 3D space. Normally, this number is understood by SIMION to be a potential. However, as we saw with .PA# files, which are really just .PA files with a different name and interpretation, there is no hard requirement that this be the case. You could store any other scalar variable in the array (e.g. index numbers, temperature, pressure, the X component of a velocity vector, charge density, etc.) There are libraries in SIMION 8.0 SL Libraries and SIMION 8.1 Lua PA API (simion.pas) for reading and writing potential arrays, so you can use potential arrays for your own purposes. The Poisson Equation solver, for example, uses arrays to represent a charge density distribution in space. The HS1 (SIMION Example: collision_hs1) and SDS (SIMION Example: collision_sds) collisions models allow pressure, temperature, and components of the gas velocity vector to be represented as arrays–either as real SIMION potential arrays or as arrays represented as Lua tables. The field_array (SIMION Example: field_array) example represents x, y, and z components of a field vector in space.


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Navigating Risk
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2018 Michigan Tech Magazine: Issue 2
By Sarah Williams
Michigan Tech's Presidential Council of Alumnae (PCA) honors some of Tech's most successful women alumnae and recognizes them for their personal and professional achievements.
Thirteen leaders welcomed into the Presidential Council of Alumnae. Outstanding alumni and friends honored. A recent alumna sets the giving wheels in motion through the 906 Club.
PCA Inducts 20th Class of Leaders
In September, 13 new members were inducted into the Council. They are:
Jessica S. Chlopek '06 BS Business Administration
Kristina M. Fields '96 BS Civil Engineering, '98 MS Civil Engineering; '06 PhD Civil Engineering
Raine L. Gardner '05 BS Civil Engineering
Joan M. Heil '83 BS Mechanical Engineering
Caryn L. Heldt '01 BS Chemical Engineering
Mary A. Herrmann-Foley '83 BS Geological Engineering
Loree K. Kalliainen '87 BS Biological Sciences
Emily C. McDonald '12 BS Environmental Engineering
Brenda M. Moyer '84 BS Mechanical Engineering
Heidi A. Mueller '83 BS Mechanical Engineering
Danielle K. Rickert '04 BS Materials Science and Engineering
Jennifer J. Shute '96 BS Mechanical Engineering
Linda S. Vanasupa '85 BS Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Outstanding Alumni and Friends Honored
The following outstanding alumni and friends were recognized by the Alumni Board of Directors.
From left Don Makay, Sally Heidtke, Susan Kiehl, Mel Visser
Outstanding Young Alumni Award
Capt. Amanda (Taylor) Nerg '10 BS Business Administration, Chief of the Contracting Office, Maron Air Base, Spain
Presented to alumni under the age of 35 who have distinguished themselves in their careers. The award recognizes the achievement of a position or some distinction noteworthy for one so recently graduated.
Sally Heidtke '81 Chemical Engineering, Body Code Practitioner, Iron Mountain, Michigan
Presented to alumni and friends making significant contributions to the success of the Alumni Board of Directors and/or the University.
Susan Kiehl '83 Metallurgical Engineering, Vice President Product Development, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, Retired, Grand Haven, Michigan
Mel Visser '59 Chemical Engineering, Vice President Pharmacia Corp., Retired, Author, Portage, Michigan
Presented to alumni who have made outstanding contributions both in their career and to Michigan Tech over a number of years.
Humanitarian Award
Lt. Col. Don Makay '99 Electrical Engineering Technology, Scientific and Technical Communications, Director New York Army National Guard 1st Battalion, 42nd Infantry
Presented to those alumni and friends who, through their outstanding involvement and dedication, have made a significant contribution of volunteer leadership or service which has improved or enriched the lives of others and the welfare of humanity, and whose accomplishments reflect admirably on or bring honor to their Alma Mater.
The Honorary Alumni Award
Dr. Igor Kliakhandler, former Professor of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Tech, Houston, Texas
This award honors individuals who have provided service and support of the university characteristic of dedicated alumni. The Alumni Board of Directors reserves this award to recognize the strongest non-alumni supporters of Michigan Tech. For additional information, please contact Alumni Engagement at alumni@mtu.edu.
Prepping the Foundation
Anna Uhl BS 2010, Biological Sciences
Anna Uhl chose Michigan Tech after spending time on campus as a Summer Youth Program participant.
"That week solidified my decision to go to Michigan Tech," she says, noting her appreciation for the beauty of the UP, a university culture focused on academics, close ties with students and faculty, and opportunities in a variety of student organizations.
Alumna Anna Uhl '10 works as a veterinarian in a small-animal general practice in Seattle.
Uhl graduated from Tech with a degree in biological sciences and a minor in ecological sciences. She then worked as a veterinary assistant in a small-animal general practice for two years before pursuing veterinary medical school at the University of Wisconsin. She now lives in Seattle, Washington, and works as a veterinarian in a small-animal general practice.
Uhl says her anatomy and physiology, organic chemistry, biochemistry, and genetics classes and professors "reinforced my academic passions and taught me to think like a scientist."
And that's one of the reasons why she supports Michigan Tech. "I truly loved my time as a student. Those years were crucial to my academic and personal development," she says. "I feel the need to give back in some small way to the University for all it did for me."
When Uhl learned about Tech's newest giving opportunity for young alumni, the 906 Club, she decided to make a gift. The 906 Club honors the UP and University. Gifts are based on graduation year and come with a membership sticker.
"Donating through the 906 Club helps set the wheels in motion so when I am more financially stable I can make even more meaningful contributions," she says. "I don't make it back to the UP much now that I live in the Pacific Northwest, so being involved as a donor still allows me to have a small connection."
Uhl says her education not only provided her with a foundation in biological sciences, but also taught her the value and fun of having an inquisitive mind.
"My degree gave me the freedom to choose between a variety of postgraduate programs. Tech taught me how to balance academic studies with organizational involvement. The connections I developed and the passions I explored while a leader in student organizations made the largest impacts on my career."
Outside of the classroom, Uhl has fond memories of Winter Carnival: making ice detail pieces for snow statues, writing and performing in skits with Delta Zeta sorority sisters, being cheered on by Mitch's Misfits hockey student section on the Zamboni as Winter Carnival Queen, dancing in blizzards near the giant snow speaker system on campus, and showing the beautiful campus to friends and family who visited during the festivities.
She says being a veterinarian is enjoyable because she helps people and their companion animals while putting together medical puzzle pieces by implementing diagnostic and treatment plans. "The human-animal bond is a beautiful relationship, and preserving that bond is something I take very seriously every day."
Outside of work, Uhl volunteers in her community as a Big Sister in Big Brothers Big Sisters Puget Sound, the philanthropy coordinator for an alumnae group of national sorority women, an active member of the Greater Seattle Alumnae Chapter of Delta Zeta, and an active volunteer in veterinary medicine-related organizations.
As a student, Uhl studied abroad in Costa Rica and learned the phrase "pura vida," which means pure life. "Living a pure life means appreciating the beauty in the simple things in this world, being optimistic and looking for the good in people, having fun when life calls for a celebration, being present in your surroundings, working hard at the things that make you happy, and embracing the uncertainty of change." Learn more about the 906 Club.
Michigan Tech's Sherman Field has never looked better—or been more fan-friendly. The bleachers Huskies have been sitting on since 1968 were replaced and upgraded to accommodate 2,100 fans. The improvements, which also included accessible parking and a paved VIP pavilion, were completed in August as the first phase of a multistage football stadium renovation project. The additional phases include expanded press and coaching boxes, more bleachers, restrooms, and concessions.
Alumni Fred Guenther '75, Todd Hamar '83, Alex Kowalski '01, and Clay Willman '60 made cornerstone gifts instrumental to phase-one completion. Fundraising for the next phase is well underway, with the goal to start construction in April 2019.
Go for (Phase) Two—make a gift to support the second stage of stadium improvements.
Bocce Ball Returns to Michigan Tech
Thanks to the efforts of alumni, the Athletics Department, Housing and Residential Life, Inter-Residence Hall Council, and Facilities Management, bocce ball has returned to Michigan Tech. The court was completed over the summer and stands between Douglass Houghton Hall and the Minerals and Materials Engineering Building (M&M). A dedication was held August 3, with President Koubek throwing the inaugural ball. More than 30 alumni contributed to the court's construction, along with matching gifts from 3M Company and Kimberly-Clark, and funding support from Michigan Tech Housing and Residential Life.
210 Inches. 180 Inches. 176 Inches.
That's the amount of snow that has fallen the past three years at Michigan Tech. How much snow will we get this year? Enter our monthly and annual snowfall contests to predict how much snow will fall this winter. Make your guess.
Help Us Find More Huskies . . . Like You!
In a recent Wall Street Journal college and university ranking publication, Michigan Tech scored No. 1 in the country for students attending a public institution who felt they made the "right choice." And how do these students, who are more satisfied with their choice than students at any other public institution, find Michigan Tech? When asked, they tell us, "I was referred to Tech by someone I know." And, 99 percent of alumni say they would recommend an academically qualified student to Tech.
Referring a capable, hard-working, motivated student to Michigan Tech ensures the value of the Michigan Tech diploma continues to remain strong. Tell us who you think has Husky potential.
Michigan Technological University is a public research university, home to more than 7,000 students from 54 countries. Founded in 1885, the University offers more than 120 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science and technology, engineering, forestry, business and economics, health professions, humanities, mathematics, and social sciences. Our campus in Michigan's Upper Peninsula overlooks the Keweenaw Waterway and is just a few miles from Lake Superior.
Last Modified 3:51 p.m. June 11, 2019
Alumni Honored at Awards Ceremony
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1 29/01/2023 Statement of affairs of the Bangladesh Bank Banking Department as on 05 January, 2023 more....
3 26/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 25 January 2023. more....
4 25/01/2023 Result of Auction of the 20-year BGTB was held on January 24, 2023. more....
5 25/01/2023 Auction (Re-Issue) of the 15-year BGTB with 8.55% Coupon Rate was held on January 24, 2023. more....
7 24/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 23 January 2023 more....
8 23/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 91-Day & 364-Day Treasury Bills was held on January 22, 2023 more....
10 22/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 18 January 2023 more....
11 22/01/2023 Auction Notice of 20 years BGTB to be held on 24 January, 2023 more....
12 22/01/2023 Auction Notice of 15 years BGTB (Re-Issue) to be held on 24 January, 2023 more....
13 22/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 03-Month Bangladesh Govt. Islami Investment Bond was held on January 19, 2023 more....
15 19/01/2023 Innauguration of Commemorative Silver Coin for Padma Bridge more....
17 19/01/2023 Auction (Re-Issue) of the 10-year BGTB with 8.33% Coupon Rate was held on January 17, 2023 more....
19 18/01/2023 Innauguration of Cashless Bangladesh more....
20 17/01/2023 Revaluation of Commemorative Gold Coin more....
21 17/01/2023 Statement of affairs of the Bangladesh Bank Banking Department as on 08 December, 2022 more....
25 16/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 12 January, 2023. more....
26 16/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 03-Month and 06-Month Bangladesh Govt. Islami Investment Bond was on January 12, 2023. more....
28 16/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 91-Day & 182-Day Treasury Bills was held on January 15, 2023. more....
29 16/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 15 January 2023. more....
30 15/01/2023 Refixation of Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate more....
32 12/01/2023 Result of Auction of the 05-year BGTB was held on January 10, 2023. more....
38 09/01/2023 Revaluation of Commemorative Gold and Silver Coin more....
40 08/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 03-Month and 06-Month Bangladesh Govt. Islami Investment Bond was held on January 05, 2023. more....
42 08/01/2023 Agreement Signing Ceremony with Participatory Banks about 5,000 Taka Refinancing Scheme created by Bangladesh Bank to increase Food Production more....
46 04/01/2023 Issuance of 50 Taka Bank Note Signed by Governor Abdur Rouf Talukdar. more....
47 03/01/2023 Result of the Auction of Liquidity Support Facility was held in Bangladesh Bank on JAnuary 01, 2023 more....
50 02/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 03-Month and 06-Month Bangladesh Govt. Islami Investment Bond was held in Bangladesh Bank on December 29, 2022. more....
51 02/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility was held on 29 December 2022. more....
53 01/01/2023 Result of the Auction of REPO and Liquidity Support Facility held on Wednesday, 28 December 2022 more....
54 01/01/2023 Results of the Auction of 91-Day & 182-Day Treasury Bills held on December 28, 2022 more....
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MATT BOTTRILL
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I started cycling at the age of 12 with CTC which gave me a love of bike riding. From there I went to Coalville Wheelers where I won National Junior 10 and Junior British Best All-Rounder. This led to a contract with North Wirral Velo which was one of the best teams at the time. After a number of wins including the Eddie Soens and National Under 23 road race series I received an offer from the World Class Performance Programme to ride for the Great Britain National Squad riding the world champs and many stage races abroad.
At this stage I thought I was on the road to starting my career as a professional bike rider, but I developed over-training syndrome. Unfortunately, we were pushed into races without proper training and the foundations needed for stage racing. Obviously this would not happen today; the science behind training and nutrition has developed dramatically since then.
I had to make the hard decision to pull myself out of that and have 5 months off my bike completely. This was quite a dark time for me as I had lost the love of cycling and needed some time out to see what I wanted to do. During this break I actually let my hair down and started going out more with my friends and this is when I first met my wife Kate - so everything happens for a reason!
After the badly-needed break, I returned to training and received an offer from a team in France called Nantes 44. This was all road-based and I really enjoyed my time there pulling off a number of victories including winning a stage in the Girvan 3-day stage race (a premier calendar). The highlight of this was taking the leader's yellow jersey from Mark Cavendish. I remained road racing until 2008.
In May 2008 my first child, Isla was born. I had a full-time job, as a postman, and wanted to be a hands-on dad so I decided that I would focus on time trialling, as it was less time- consuming. I was soon winning lots of races but when it came to Nationals I was placing 3rd & 4th, with headlines reading "Always the bridesmaid never the bride". My turning point came in 2010 when I was placed 3rd in the National 25 but I was well beaten and could see riders behind me were closing the gap. I knew I needed to look into different methods of training and aerodynamics and I came into contact with Bob Tobin from Cycle Power Meters. He introduced me to training with power, how to set goals and break everything down so I could reach my dream of becoming National Champion.
After meeting Bob, I was introduced to Simon Smart from Drag2zero and I knew I could get more out of myself through pushing myself, training harder, improving aerodynamics and believing in myself.
There aren't many time trails I've not won in the UK, but the highlights for me are achieving the competition records: fastest time ever ridden in the UK 1:34:43 for 50 miles, 45:43 for 25 miles 2nd fastest ever 10-mile time 17:40. Winning every National Championship 10,25,50,100, circuit series, the Ron Kitching trophy and also a big highlight would be winning the prestigious Bidlake award for my cycling achievements. The list carries on with over 60 National medals and 500 races wins. The final highlight is having represented Great Britain Cycling team on over 30 occasions.
In 2014 after passing my coaching qualification, Matt Bottrill Performance Coaching was opened and I was able to use all of my racing experience and knowledge gained within the industry to pass onto others and see riders reach their goals.
I work with a whole range of amateur and professional athletes in Time Trial to Ironman for the bike leg. To name but a few, Brian Fogarty, Victoria Kenny and Ian Dempsey to Pro athletes, including Tim Don, Tim O'Donnell, Adam Bowden , Matthew Hanson, Justin Metzler, Tom Davies and previously worked with Lucy Charles, Rachel Joyce and Susie Cheetham amongst others.
I am also extremely proud to have my own team, Team Bottrill which any of our coached athletes can be part of. We have all ages and abilities within the team which makes me so proud to see. Its important to me that people feel part of what we do. Over the last few years the team have achieved many titles including individual, team medals and records in National Championships and many PB's.
Over the last couple of years I have developed MBPC bike fitting where I have been able to use my knowledge from my racing over the years and in aerodynamics to create our in-depth approach to fitting. I was a key advisor to Victor Campenaerts (Lotto-Soudal), ahead of his successful Hour Record attempt in 2019. Now working with with the whole Lotto Soudal team on bike fitting and time trial specific pacing strategies. This is something I've loved being apart of.
It's fair to say I've been there and got the tee-shirt. There's lots of success but also lots of failures, but it's learning from these mistakes that has made us the company we are today. That is why we can help you achieve your goals. We don't just offer coaching - we offer the whole package of custom coaching and that's why every rider we work with will #Smashitup.
There is no magic wand. You will have to suffer but with the support around you from a dedicated team you WILL achieve your goals. Coaching has never been just a job to me. It is my passion to see others succeed. Failure is not an option.
contact@mattbottrillperformancecoaching.com
Unit 4, Enterprise House, Ashby Road, LE67 3LA Coalville, United Kingdom
©2017 by Matt Bottrill Performance Coaching Ltd.GF
Data Protection and Cookie Policy


digital hot air and wasted keystrokes.
"You lose" was referring to the settlement that I made with my ex-husband.
It struck me so hard because I was never competing with him for time, money or any sort of 'super parent' title.
This past year has been difficult. I had to make some hard decisions, but I can honestly look back with no regrets.
Every step I have taken and continue to take, is for what I believe is the safety and the best interests of my daughter.
When you compete, everyone loses because you all lose sight of the child's best interest. The 'win' becomes making the other party suffer, instead of helping your child thrive.
If your love and concern for your child is genuine, there is no need to compete for their affection.


After service is just as important to us as the service with a sale. If you are ever dissatisfied with an item you purchased, we guarantee an easy return or exchange experience - whether you purchased in-store or online. The West Coast Golf Group offers a 30-day commitment on all unopened or unused products, returned in new, saleable condition. Please bring your original receipt to your nearest store location, and we will guarantee you leave a happy and satisfied customer.
If you placed your order online and cannot visit one of our stores, please email kgordon@hazelmere.com or call 604.538.1212 and we'll provide you with the information you need to get the merchandise to us.


I have been trying to get my prosumer D series collection completed.
Kinda like a shot in the dark, since it was untested. BUt I thought, only a pro would store it without a battery and covered by a body cap.
So, wish me luck, I will keep you all informed of what happens when I get the camera and test it.
As the old adage goes, you get what you pay for!
Camera arrived yesterday, I installed a battery and a card and viola the camera powered up!
I guess it's good for a back-up or as a student camera.
You may put the camera on your bedsite table or mantelpiece, but maybe someone has ever opened the body and has fotgotten to connect everything properly. So why not open the back (5 screws/ 2 on each side and one under the viewfinder) and see if all the connectors are OK? Check if the paint on the screws is gone. And be aware of the fact that the right srews are longer than the left ones.
I'll read it in the New York Times next week?
Or, you can unload it in my direction and I will use it old school!


Last time, we told you about how designer-developer workflows can be optimized to deliver quality outputs on time. Now let's get into the designer's perspective. How can you, the web designer, make sure that your design is applied into the website exactly the way you envisioned it?
As the designer, your responsibility does not stop in creating a mockup of a usable interface and then just turn it over for encoding. We already have discussed clear communication and active collaboration between the designer and web developer as the keys to a better designer-developer work relationship. Another designer responsibility is that you should be able to explain the mockup in detail to the developer – what you expect it to look like, and how it should work – in a way that the developer understands. UX content strategist Jerry Cao has some tips on how you can explain your mockups to your developer.
It helps if you know something about coding. You don't necessarily have to learn a lot about code languages, but it could be to your advantage to just learn enough to understand how web developers bring your design to life. Learning the basics coding lets designers create designs that are easier to translate into code.
When describing ideas, do it in a practical manner. The difference of thought processes between the designer (creative/subjective) and developer (technical/objective) can also be a source of confusion. To avoid confusion and misinterpretation, you need to describe your ideas to the developer practically, or in a way that they better understand. A live example also helps to demonstrate how the design elements should work. This way, the web developer can easily visualize what should be achieved.
Make use of style guides. Mockups is the crucial stage where style guides are most needed as this stage connects design to development. Style guides basically show how to create reusable UI patterns and offer a quick visual reference for designers and developers. Most style guides highlight typography, layouts, color schemes, reusable code, graphics, navigation, logo styles, and sometimes, design philosophy.
Create a live style guide. It is typical for web or mobile UI projects to go down the HTML route due to its effortlessness to be updated and how it feels natural to the developers working on the project. Furthermore, an HTML front-end style guide is easier to be built into a live style guide. Online HTML style guides you can check out for reference include MailChimp, Lonely Planet, WooThemes, Primer CSS, Disqus, and Mapbox.
Other elements you should explain: Unless you have integrated your files into an interactive format, you need to describe interactions and animations. Another element you should not forget to explain is links. Tell the developer where each links directs to. You can place it as a side note affixed to wireframes or through diagrams or storyboards.
Additionally, don't forget to organize resources (and make sure to include all assets) into their individual folder, make use of appropriate file naming conventions, and label each font family and make sure that all paid fonts have the necessary licenses for web use.
Tools and programs also make collaborations go smoothly especially in terms of communication and project and task management and tracking. These tools and programs include Trello, Asana, Google Drawings, UXPin, Cage App, Conceptboard, and Slack. Our team at MicroCreatives, consisting of designers, developers, copywriters, animators, along with supervisors, creative directors, and quality assurance specialists, take advantage of Skype, Asana, and Toggl for communication, project management, tracking, and allocation, and for time-tracking.


text:
package com.timgroup.jpoeisis.magic.matchers;

import com.timgroup.jpoeisis.reference.Getter;
import com.timgroup.jpoeisis.reflection.ReflectiveAccessorFactory;

final class LateBindingGetter<T, V> implements Getter<T, V> {

    public static <T, V> LateBindingGetter<T, V> forPropertyNamed(String propertyName) {
        return new LateBindingGetter<T, V>(propertyName);
    }

    private final String propertyName;

    private LateBindingGetter(String propertyName) {
        this.propertyName = propertyName;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    @Override
    public V get(T instance) {
        ReflectiveAccessorFactory factory = ReflectiveAccessorFactory.forClass(instance.getClass());
        final Getter<Object, Object> getter = factory.getGetter(propertyName);
        return (V) getter.get(instance);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When you say you have "full coverage", what does that mean exactly? Long story short, it means that you are only fully covered for as much as your policy pays for. Many insurance holders believe there is an unlimited fund for people who get into automobile accidents. Especially when the auto accident was not their fault. However, there unfortunately may not be enough insurance coverage to account for all medical expenses.
Protect yourself from uninsured and under-insured motorists. Contrary to popular belief, auto insurance is not just for "if you hit someone, they are covered". Car insurance is actually for YOUR protection. The number of uninsured drivers out there on the roads is a larger number than you may think. Your insurance coverage is your only protection from uninsured motorists. If you have state minimum coverage, then that is all the money there is. Many who are driving uninsured are doing so because they can't afford to pay the premiums, which in turn means they can not pay for damages. Bottom line – protect yourself and increase your uninsured motorist coverage. This coverage can also apply if the driver is under-insured.
If you or a loved one has been injured due to the negligence of another driver, contact a Personal Injury attorney immediately. Rutter Mills can take care of your case, so you can focus on healing. We specialize in serious auto accidents and will defend your right to proper compensation. Call Rutter Mills today for a consultation at 757-622-5000.


text:
List Of Technical Papers
Lastly, provide a short list of index keyword terms. Keywords: writing guides, writing technical papers, format guides. 1 Introduction. The introduction serves a.
Mr. Zhuge is rallying workers to mail paper copies of China's labor. The last item on the list: "Go home at 6 p.m. without feeling sorry." Raymond Zhong is a technology reporter. Prior to joining.
When you start your background research, one of the early steps is finding. Table 2: List of databases containing free, full-text scientific papers and data sets.
Sep 8, 2011. Let me preface this post by saying that no programmer should feel compelled to read any of these papers. I list them because I think that they.
This page contains a representative list of major databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in academic journals, Material includes unique grey literature such as unpublished scientific and technical reports, theses, conference papers, government publications, and more.
æsthetic: As Science Of Expression And General Linguistic, Trans. D. Ainslie. Rev. Edn This (lowercase (translateProductType product.productType)) has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef. Plaatjies van Huffel, Mary-Anne. A Companion to Aesthetics, Second edition Edited by S. Davies, K. M. Higgins. Rev. edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Guyer, Paul. 1993. Aesthetic: As Science of Expression and General
A Rose For Emily Scholarly Review ENH Community Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF MISS EMILY IN "A ROSE FOR EMILY" Fyrooz Binte Mohsin Student Department of English & Humanities BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper I am focusing on the characteristics of Miss Emily from the story "A Rose for Emily" written by
Browse the more than 102,000 technical papers and journal articles on the latest advances in technical research and applied technical engineering information.
Feb 28, 2019. You can look for more research articles at your school library or online at. Here is a list of twenty starter topic ideas for research essays.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) is an peer reviewed, open access, high Impact Factor,Multidisciplinary journal in English for the enhancement of research in various discipline of Engineering, Science and Technology. Prime Focus of the Journal is to publish articles related to the current trends of research.
You can review our current New Technology Proposal List below. New Incubator Proposals. videos, webinars, and white papers. IEEE members and technical community subscribers receive discounts on all.
TAPPI's industry partnership with North Carolina State University (NCSU) is a partnership built on shared effort — bringing together the best minds in industry, academia, and emerging technologies to support the evolving tissue industry.
List of Technical Papers / Presentations/Resources/Mining Books: DROP RAISING IN UNDERGROUND MINES Safety in Commercial Mining.
2018 Technical Papers (All) View list of 2018 technical papers. View list of 2017 technical papers. Tuesday. View list of 2016 technical papers. Tuesday.
Forum 74 Preliminary Technical Session Schedule.
The Purdue University Online Writing Lab serves writers from around the world and the Purdue University Writing Lab helps writers on Purdue's campus.
The JEE Advanced rank list has been prepared only for candidates who appeared for both paper 1 and paper 2. Thiruvananthapuram and Tirupati Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST),
paper.review Technical Note How to Review a Technical Paper Alan Meier Berkeley Lab University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 USA (Received March 27, 1992) Abstract Peer review of journal articles and other technical reports is a key element in the maintenance of academic integrity.
Apr 03, 2018 · The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program was established to support the objectives of NASA's missions and research. The Mission of the STI Program is to support the advancement of aerospace knowledge and contribute to U.S. competitiveness in.
Technical papers are peer-reviewed and an Artifact Description is now mandatory for all papers. Reviewers do not have access to the names of authors.
We think this combination provides a uniquely well-screened list of long ideas. research automation technology in the case New Constructs: Disrupting Fundamental Analysis with Robo-Analysts. [2].
Foxconn Advanced Technology (FAT), a flexible PCB (printed circuit board) subsidiary of Foxconn Electronics (the registered trade name of Hon Hai Precision Industry), is expected to list on the Hong.
The 46-year-old started her career as a receptionist in 1993, and after graduating with a master's degree in accountancy from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1999. she was.
Technology activities for kids help prepare kids for life and encourage the development of logic, programming, problem solving, and creative thinking. Make your STEM activities a lot more interesting with these technology-based STEM challenges for kids! STEM education is a lot of fun with technology!
When you slip a cardboard sleeve on a paper coffee cup filled with your. jargon I encountered — more so than usual for.
Research Paper Publishing. IJISRT (International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology) is an open access peer-reviewed international platform where publishing of top quality and referred papers from highly intellectual scientists and engineers are welcomed. Originality is primarily focused here. Papers with original research are highly appreciated.
IEEE is not associated or affiliated with engpaper.com. IEEE PAPER and engpaper.com are separate and independent organisations. IEEE papers can be accessed through the IEEE websites. We are providing IEEE publication, writing service for research papers. We are providing term papers,technical seminar,IEEE seminar paper research guidance free.
Technology in the Classroom research papers show statistical evidence that technology is important to use in every classroom and should be a part of every school's philosophy of education. Technology in the Classroom research papers report that today, technology plays a far greater role in the public classroom than it did even a decade ago.
Lists are useful because they emphasize selected information in regular text. When you see a list of three or four items strung out vertically on the page rather than in normal paragraph format, you naturally notice it more and are likely to pay more attention to it.
Scientific papers are for sharing your own original research work with other scientists. The list below provides examples of verbs that express research actions:.
Is there more technical information about Meltdown and Spectre? Yes, there is an academic paper and a blog post about Meltdown, and an academic paper about Spectre. Furthermore, there is a Google Project Zero blog entry about both attacks. What are CVE-2017-5753 and CVE-2017-5715?
If one counted the most frequently used words on this year's Consensus keynotes and panels, "adoption" would undoubtedly.
Successful Technical Papers are now published and available on IBC365, IBC's online community platform providing business knowledge to its 55,000+.
List of Laboratories; Services Offered; R & D; List Of Technical Papers Published/Patents-TRCN; Important Clients; Centre for Collaborative Advanced Research (CCAR) Cables and Diagnostics Division (CDD) Cables Laboratory – CDD; Diagnostics Laboratory – CDD; Capacitors Division (CD) Insulation Division and Heat Run Test Lab (INSD) Solid Dielectrics Laboratory
Many times, while selecting topics for paper presentation, many questions come to mind, particularly in the minds of engineering students about the selection of topics to be presented as papers.The dilemma pertaining to the topic selection gets aggravated further when a guide demands the selection of a new and latest topic or subject.
Viale Gramsci 1 Firenze Coordinate: 43°46′31.67″N 11°16′11.34″E / 43.775464°N 11.269817°E 43.775464; 11.269817 (Mappa). Viale Antonio Gramsci è un grande viale di Firenze, facente parte dei viali di. 1 Storia; 2 Descrizione. 2.1 Edifici. 3 Note; 4. Fiera di Novembre – Via Roma e viale Gramsci, Fucecchio (Firenze). Inizio: 1 novembre 2018; Fine: 11 novembre 2018; Categorie evento: Fiere e
This list is in no way exhaustive. As always, excellence of the ideas is the predominant acceptance criterion. Technical Papers Chair. Takeo Igarashi
List of Technical Indicators Technical Indicators are added to charts using the Technical Indicators menu item on the Chart Area Context Menu. Note: In the table below, Technical Indicators tagged as 'New' are only available with X_STUDY 7.8 and higher.
INCOLD Journal (A Half Yearly Technical Journal of Indian Committee on Large Dams) [ Indian Committee on Large Dams ] Indian Cow (The): The Scientific and Economic Journal
In the previous issue of PV Tech Power, quality assurance was considered as a key measure in maximising PV power plant performance and ensuring safety. Building on this train of thought, Thomas Sauer.
Users did not even have to accept the call, and it was often hidden from logs, the paper said. The number of people spied. on the WhatsApp icon and selecting App info, or finding the list of apps.
White Papers are published by the Technical Support organizations to. By Product — Documents are grouped within a list of products they're associated with.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump's administration said on Monday that China was pursuing a "blame game" in recent public statements and a weekend white paper that misrepresented.
People who searched for List of Free Online Technical Writing Courses and Training Programs found the following related articles, links, and information useful.
Teachers also found the iPads were distracting and did not contribute to students' technology skills. which regularly appears on the HSC top-ten honours list, reported that iPads were hindering.
But in the new paper, scientists argue that deploying BECCS technology on the scale needed to address the. invoke the influential concept of "planetary boundaries," a list of nine ecological.
For instance, 31.8% of research papers published between 2014 and 2017 in the US had. released annually since 2011 by Leiden University's Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS). It is the.
Iacocca's ghost writer, William Novak, had plenty of life story and business accomplishments to work with in "Iacocca: An.
They get soggy, a drawback Nippon Paper has addressed with technology. But cost is still an obstacle. can replace plastic," a paper industry representative said. High on that list are paper's low.
Author Names and Affiliations. It is ASME policy that all those who have participated significantly in the technical aspects of a paper be recognized as co- authors.
Blended Cured Quasi-Newton for Distortion Optimization Paper Abstract · Author. Yue Peng (University of Science and Technology of China), Bailin Deng.
This position paper made clear that, while the US demanded China take. with strident accusations that Beijing is engaged in forced technology transfers, stealing intellectual property and using.
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Singer Anuradha Paudwal Is My Biological Mother, Claims Kerala Woman
The 45-year-old Has Filed A Complaint In The District Family Court, Demanding The Singer To Pay Her Rs 50 Crore As Compensation As She Denied Her A Livelihood That Was Hers By Birth.
News Nation Bureau | Edited By : Aniruddha Dhar | Updated on: 03 Jan 2020, 04:05:55 AM
Karmala Modex and playback singer Anuradha Paudwal. (Photo Credit: File photo)
A newborn baby is handed over to her foster parents when she was just four days old. As the girl grows up, one day she comes to know who is her biological mother and starts searching for her. Not only it sounds like a Bollywood potboiler, but it has links to the film industry.
A woman, Karmala Modex who lives in Kerala's Thiruvananthapuram, has claimed that popular playback singer Anuradha Paudwal is her biological mother. The 45-year-old has filed a complaint in the district family court, demanding the singer to pay her Rs 50 crore as compensation as she denied her a livelihood that was hers by birth.
The woman told The Indian Express that she was handed over to her foster parents Ponnachan and Agnes in 1974 because the singer didn't want to raise her. It was only recently that her father revealed that her lineage on his deathbed.
Karmala has also claimed that as soon as she got to know the truth, she tried to contact the national award-winning playback singer but didn't get any response.
She added that she tried to get through her entire family but all her efforts went in vain and she was left with no option but to take the legal route.
In her statement to the daily, Karmala said: "I was told that I was four days old when I was handed over to my foster parents. Ponnachan, who was posted in the Army in Maharashtra at the time, was friends with Anuradha. Later, he got a transfer to Kerala.
She also said that her foster mother Agnes was unaware of the truth herself, adding that she was raised as the fourth child of her foster parents.
Karmala is herself a mother of three and besides the demand for Rs 50 crore, she has also asked for the right of a percentage on any sale of the assets belonging to Anuradha Paudwal's husband, Arun Paudwal. Karmala has decided that she will seek the help of a DNA test in case her financial demands are not met by Anuradha and her husband.
For all the Latest Entertainment News, Bollywood News, Download News Nation Android and iOS Mobile Apps.
Singer Anuradha Paudwal Mother Karmala Modex


THE most priceless book I ever saw was in the modest museum attached to the Vikram University at Ujjain: a manuscript of the Ramayana translated in Persian at the behest of the Great Mughal emperor, Akbar. It was kept in a glass-topped display case such as one sees in cake-shops, among other exhibits of little value: coins, glass paperweights, silver inkpots and brass statuettes. For its age of more than four centuries, it seemed to be in very good condition. Its tiny illustrations glinting as though painted with powdered gems.
How had so precious an object, something which should have rightfully belonged in a burglar-proof display case in some great museum of the world, ended up among the bric-a-brac put together by the staff of a not-so-old university in upcountry India? The faculty-member who was taking me around did not know. Later, I asked around among the university staff, but they didn't know either. My own guess is that they got it when, towards the turn of the 19th century, they moved into the premises they still occupy a complex of buildings which was once the main residence of the Scindia Maharajas of Gwalior.
Ujjain was once the capital of the Scindias, and the palace was built by their most illustrious ancestor, Mahadji, late in the 18th century. Mahadji Scindia was surely the most powerful ruler in northern India, having taken the Mughal Empire under his 'protection', thereby forestalling the British who were planning to do just that. From his numerous military campaigns, Mahadji had brought back all sorts of treasures which he had lavished on his capital city, the most conspicuous of them being the jade doors which had been wrenched off from some ancient Hindu temple in the middle ages they're now the doors of the inner sanctum of the Shiva temple in Ujjain. What could be more natural than that Mahadji should have also retrieved the copy of this Ramayana and brought it back to Ujjain.
Mahadji died in 1794, and with his death, the Maratha confederacy which had ruled much of India just disintegrated. The Scindias themselves, from being the protectors of the Mughal Empire, had to accept the vassalege of an English trading company, but they were rich and powerful still.
Meanwhile, the Persian Ramayana had lain in some strongroom of their Ujjain palace, among other acquisitions. Early in the 19th century, the Scindias shifted their capital to Gwalior and over the years, gifted the palace premises in Ujjain to various public institutions. The officials of the Scindias who were entrusted to remove the Scindia possessions from these buildings to Gwalior either missed Akbar's Ramayana or did not think it was worth taking away: just a book, after all. It was left behind in one of the buildings which, in the mid 20th century, became the Vikram University.
This, of course, is guesswork, but, till such time as someone comes up with firm evidence, it'll have to do. My concern is not to establish the provenance of Akbar's Ramayana so much as the fact that it should have been commissioned at all... Akbar the Great was a men of wide-ranging interests. Even though he was deeply religious, it was not the religion of his birth that he practised. Over the years he actually set himself up as the founder of a new faith, Din-i-Ilahi. It was perfectly in character for him to have commissioned the writing of the Hindu and Christian holy books so that he could pick their essence to be incorporated in his new faith. It is only in more recent times that attitudes seem to have hardened so that, in some lands the mere reading of the Testament or the Ramayana would be a whipping offense.
On the whole, the earlier Mughals seem to have been surprisingly liberal-minded. Shias and Sunnis mingled freely, and, what with the practise Akbar had initiated of taking wives from the most illustrious Rajput clans, even Hindus were not thought of — or at least not treated as — Kafirs. And few of them seem to have observed the religious ban on the drinking of alcohol — and some, such as Gias-beg, who, for a time, was Jehangir's wazir — have been memorable drinkers. After Gias-beg died, his daughter Noorjehan — empress as well the virtual ruler of the empire, ordered that a 'surahi', or wine-flask, should be prominently carved on his grave.
The fact is that Akbar's desire to find out for himself the basic philosophies of Christianity and Hinduism and Noorjehan's decision to proclaim her father's fondness for wine by carving a surahi on his grave, are all of a piece with the civilised norms of the times. Who would believe it now, that in ancient times, the Arabs themselves translated and circulated the holy books of other faiths, not because someone ordered them to do so, but to satisfy their own urge to know about such things and even for their reading pleasure?
As evidence, here is a story that has a strange similarity with the Vikram University's Ramayana, of a book also thought by some to be of no value at all.
It happened in France, in the late 16th century. A gang of bandits who had robbed a rich landowner's house stopped on the wayside to sort out their loot. Among the items they threw away was a book called Barlgam and Jasophat.
A schoolboy, the son of a rich nobleman, who was home for holidays came upon the book. It captivated him and changed his life. The book told the story of an Indian prince of ancient times who had resolved to renounce the pleasures of this life and live in poverty, serving god and mankind. The boy there and then made up his mind to do just that: to take holy orders and renounce the pleasures of worldly life. His name was Joseph who, in the early 17th century, became known as Father Joseph, a legendary wheeler-dealer in Europe's politics who yet lived the life of a beggar, dressed in rags, and survived on food he begged for.
That book, which thus changed Father Joseph's life was the story of the Buddha. It had been translated into French from the Greek language version, which itself had been a translation from an Arabic edition, which had been translated from an original Sanskrit book called Lalita Vistara.
How much of the force and flavour of the original Sanskrit book had survived the process of these transformations is a moot point. Linguistic scholars explain that Jasophat is a corrupted version of Bodhisattva. It seems that in the Arabic script, the letters 'b' and 'y' are similar, so that whoever translated the Arabic book into Greek; made Bodhisativa into Yodisatva, and thus Jasophat.
Be that as it may, the wonder is that Arab scholars of medieval times should have taken the trouble to translate a Sanskrit book, and, even more, that there were, a thousand years ago and more, common people in the Arab lands who might have wanted to read such a book!


For a legislative session that opened with such promise for the tech community, a couple of initiatives look to be staring death in the face.
The first, a training tax credit for companies investing in the development of their employees, can no longer be found in any active bills. But not all is lost. Legislators still have time to pour more funding into the Skills Enhancement Fund (SEF). Instead of a tax credit, SEF is an actual cash grant that reimburses businesses one-half of their training expenses.
Indiana has a huge workforce gap in the tech community. KSM alone has had more tech clients than we can count looking to fill positions but not enough viable candidates to fill them. SEF has made a tremendous difference in helping them solve this challenge. But with SEF cash in perpetual short supply, its impact is limited.
As the current House budget stands, SEF funding is unfortunately flat through the next budget cycle. If this budget holds course, it truly will be a missed opportunity.
Then comes the matter of making the Venture Capital Incentive (VCI) tax credit transferrable. The good news here is that this language still exists in active legislation. But again, its fate is uncertain as some wary legislators have bristled at the idea of making credits salable.
And there has been almost no traction in making VCI a refundable credit – i.e., convertible into cash. This step would be an even bigger game-changer than making VCI transferrable.
For all of the strides Indiana has made in the tech sector, there is still much work to do. The Indiana tech community is not yet one of the cool kids when it comes to out-of-state investors or would-be employees, and it can still be an incredibly difficult environment to raise capital. Many investors see the Hoosier state as flyover country and ask the question, "Why Indiana?" What is more, the workforce pipeline here has not reached a critical mass.
Meanwhile, every metropolitan area in the country is competing madly for the same tech companies and same jobs. Many of these communities have better tech infrastructure and other quality-of-life assets – those showy oceans and mountains – that put them at an advantage over Indiana. So Indiana is in no position to rest on its laurels.
Despite the great strides this state has made (the Salesforce announcement continues to be a big, big deal), it has to maintain the Little-Engine-that-Could attitude that has put it on the map. Such an effort includes engagement from all critical parties.
That includes you, legislators. The Indiana General Assembly cannot pass laws creating mountains or oceans, but it still has time this session to make Indiana a better, more competitive place for tech to do business.


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Q: Functional jQuery: Custom Events or Functions? Being new to functional programming, I was working on my application's javascript (using jQuery exclusively), and wondering how jQuery's event system relates to it's functional programming paradigm.
I have a function setupAccountHeader that could easily be either a document-bound event like
$(document).bind('setupAccountHeader', function() {
    blah, blah, blah;
});

OR
var setupAccountHeader = function() {
    blah, blah, blah;
};

Then, either triggered or called when needed.
So I have two questions:
1) Which style is preferred for functional jQuery or is this purely a matter of taste/personal-style? What about implications for big-picture architecture?
2) Are there any good resources for functionally-styled jQuery? I feel like this is John Resig's intent, but I can't find much in the way of info or guides on what this means in implementation.

A: The nice thing about the second style is that it will show in the debugger call stack with its name, as opposed to "anonymous", which I find a bit more helpful.
You could achieve the above along with jQuery's added event mechanisms (as Elzo said) with the following:
$(document).bind('setupAccountHeader', setupAccountHeader);

A: *

*The official method of binding an event in jQuery is the first version, this way you have similar methods for binding and unbinding events. I think is not that much of a personal preference as it helps code readability, getting support for your code and using other functions related and included in jQuery like preventing default event bubbling. The second example of the first question is correct from JavaScript, but this style is not used anywhere in jQuery documentation.

Update
If you to bind events and use the benefits of a normalized event system you'll use the first version for regular (blur, focus, load, resize, scroll, unload, beforeunload, click, dblclick, mousedown, mouseup, mousemove, mouseover, mouseout, mouseenter, mouseleave, change, select, submit, keydown, keypress, keyup, error) or your custom events.
They are actually not similar. In order to be similar in the second one you'll have to attach to document some events. Try to cancel them to get the idea.
// first version
$(document).unbind('setupAccountHeader'); // will cancel the binding of some action
// second version
setupAccountHeader = null; // will just cancel a variable

The other version is just a closure that you can use everywhere in JavaScript, and is used in this case as well. It doesn't have any specific meaning without a context.

*

*I don't really understand the second question. Maybe you can detail what you mean. I'm not a native English speaker.

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Choosing an appropriate and effective intervention for a child with autism can be very difficult for families and professionals. This is because there are many and varied interventions and treatments available for autism, some of which are aggressively marketed and many of which have not been scientifically evaluated or have been determined to have little or no worth.
For most specific programs, further research (Type 1) is required to find out which children are most likely to benefit and to determine to what extent a specific programs makes a difference to a child's everyday skills and functioning.
Most children receiving intervention in Australia will access an eclectic program that includes elements of specific programs as well as interventions based on Type 2 evidence, such as visual supports. It is important that all interventions (Type 1 and 2) for children with autism meet the criteria for good practice which reflect the evidence base for autism intervention (see fact sheets 1 & 3 for more information).
What interventions are available for autism?
The range of interventions that are marketed to parents of children with autism is very wide and includes biologically based treatments and learning based interventions. The following information about these types of interventions is drawn from: Roberts, J. M. A., & Prior, M. (2006). A review of the research to identify the most effective models of practice in early intervention of children with autism spectrum disorders. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Australia.
Medication can sometimes have a role in the treatment of targeted symptoms that impair the quality of life and progress of an individual with autism. Symptoms most responsive to medication include hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, anxiety, self-injurious and obsessive/compulsive behaviours. It is important to note, however, that no biological treatment has yet been demonstrated to change the core characteristics of autism. In addition, there is insufficient research evidence to assess long-term effectiveness and potential side effects of most medications prescribed for children with autism. A child's paediatrician is likely to be the best source of information regarding medications that may, or may not, suit an individual child.
While research is continuing, there is currently no scientific evidence to support any of the CAMS in popular use in Australia. See the other Positive Partnerships facts sheets for more details or visit http://raisingchildren.net.au/ for more information.
Learning based interventions for autism fall along a continuum, ranging from developmental interventions that are child focused and relationship based, through to behaviourally based interventions that are adult directed and skill based programs.
Behaviourally based interventions involve breaking tasks down into very small steps and teaching these steps using operant learning techniques. These programs are often known as Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and use discrete trial teaching in order to help children learn a range of skills. ABA programs are generally highly adult directed and are often provided as intensive (more than 30 hours per week) individual programs. ABA programs have been extensively researched and some positive outcomes found for some children. More research is required to determine who the program is most effective for and what level of intensity is required to achieve best outcomes.
Developmentally based interventions are those which primarily focus on developing positive meaningful relationships in more naturalistic and play based settings. Aims may include promoting attention and relating and interacting with others. Examples of developmentally based interventions include Relationship Development Intervention, DIR/Floortime and the Hanen More Than Words program. Generally, there has been less rigorous research regarding developmentally based interventions, although recent research suggests that good quality developmentally based intervention that is delivered at an appropriate intensity can have positive outcomes for children with autism. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of individual programs but the core components of many of the programs, including social, communication, cognitive and parenting, have been well researched and outcomes indicate positive results.
The range of interventions offered for children with autism is very wide. At this point, there is very limited evidence for biologically based interventions but research indicates that high intensity interventions that address a child's individual needs, as well as the needs of his/her family provide the strongest outcomes.
Columbia: British Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment, The University of British Columbia.
Crewther S. G., Goodyear M. J., Bavin E. L., Lawson M. L., Wingenfield S. A. & Crewther D. P. (2003). Autism in Victoria: An investigation of prevalence and service delivery for children aged 0-6 years. Melbourne, Victoria: Victorian Government Department of Human Services.
Evans, S. (2003). Service Guidelines: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. New Jersey: The Department of Health and Senior Services.
Librera, W. L., Bryant, I., Gantwerk, B. & Tkach, B. (2004). Autism Program Quality Assurance Indicators: A self-review and quality improvement guide for programs serving young students with autism spectrum disorders. New Jersey: Department of Education.
Ludwig, S. & Harstall, C.(2001). Intensive intervention programs for children with Autism. Health Technology Assessment Report. Canada: Alberta Heritage Research Foundation for Medical Research.
MADSEC. (2000). Report of the MADSEC Autism Task Force. Maine: Maine Administrators of Services for Children with Disabilities.
McGahan, L. (2001). Behavioural intervention for preschool children with Autism. Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment.
Osbourn, P. & Scott, F. (2004). Autism spectrum disorders: Guidance on providing supports and services to young children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. Technical assistance manual. New Mexico: Public Education Department.


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text:
Paul Anton de Lagarde (2 November 1827 – 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century. Lagarde's strong support of anti-Semitism, vocal opposition to Christianity, racial Darwinism and anti-Slavism are viewed as having been among the most influential in supporting the ideology of Nazism.<ref>Fascism: Intellectual origins, Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref>Johnson, Paul (1983), "Modern Times", Harper and Row: New York

His great learning and gifts were mixed with dogmatism and distrust in the activities of others. In politics, he belonged to the Prussian Conservative party. He died in Göttingen on 22 December 1891.

Early life and education
De Lagarde was born in Berlin as Paul Bötticher; in early adulthood he legally adopted the family name of his maternal line out of respect for his great-aunt who raised him.  At Humboldt University of Berlin (1844–1846) and University of Halle-Wittenberg (1846–1847) he studied theology, philosophy and Oriental languages.

In 1852 his studies took him to London and Paris.

Career
In 1854 he became a teacher at a Berlin public school, but this did not interrupt his biblical studies. In 1866 he received three years leave of absence to collect fresh materials, and in 1869 succeeded German orientalist and theologian Heinrich Ewald as professor of oriental languages at the University of Göttingen.  Like Ewald, Lagarde was an active worker in a variety of subjects and languages; but his chief aim, the elucidation of the Bible, was almost always kept in view. Lagarde was easily the most renowned Septuagint scholar of the nineteenth century, and he devoted himself ardently to Oriental studies.

Political interests
Parallel to his academic work, he attempted to establish a German national religion whose most striking manifestations were an aggressive anti-Semitism, anti-slavism and expansionism. He held few concrete religious beliefs at the ready for his postulated national religion as his first political treatise Über das Verhältnis des deutschen Staates zu Theologie, Kirche und Religion. Ein Versuch Nicht-Theologen zu orientieren (On the Relationship of the German State to Theology, Church and Religion: An Attempted Orientation for Non-Theologians) demonstrates. In regard to the state, he called for its initial and most important task to be to create a climate in which a national religion could flourish. Meanwhile, he obliged those who had faith in God to a radical morality wherein they distinguish solely between "duty or sin" in their every action. In addition, first a formal language must be developed for the religiosity of these newborn men. In the second part of his 1875 book, Über die gegenwärtige Lage des deutschen Reichs. Ein Bericht (On the Current Situation of the German Reich: A Report), he connected thereto and specified as follows:

The historian Ulrich Sieg classifies his position as follows: "He despised the Christianity that he considered bland and lukewarm and hoped for a folkish religion of the future." Lagarde was conversant with Adolf Stoecker, the founder of the anti-Semitic Berlin Movement. He also showed interest in folkish-anti-Semitic societies such as the Deutscher Volksverein of Bernhard Förster and Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg, as well as the Deutschsoziale Partei of Theodor Fritsch. To the latter, he established contact in 1886 by sending his treatise Die nächsten Pflichten deutscher Politik (The Coming Tasks of German Politics), at the core of which he considered to be a German policy of settlement in Eastern Europe. In German Writings, in which he compiled his previously published political essays, there can be found numerous anti-Semitic passages in which we learn, among other things, that he considered Jews to be the greatest barrier to German unification, whereas he simultaneously avowed the concept of a German colonization of southeastern Europe and proposed that the Jewish population settled there at the time be resettled to Palestine or Madagascar. The only alternatives for Lagarde were the total assimilation or emigration of the Jews.

In his 1887 essay "Jews and Indo-Germanics", he wrote: "One would have to have a heart of steel to not feel sympathy for the poor Germans and, by the same token, to not hate the Jews, to not hate and despise those who – out of humanity! – advocate for the Jews or are too cowardly to crush these vermin. Trichinella and bacilli would not be negotiated with, trichinella and bacilli would also not be nurtured, they would be destroyed as quickly and as thoroughly as possible."

In addition to his influence on anti-Semitism and anti-slavism, Lagarde is also of importance to the formation of German imperialist thought. In this regard, he concentrated on German border colonization within Europe rather than the acquisition of overseas colonies. This bears a close resemblance to the later concept of German Lebensraum most notably espoused by Friedrich Ratzel. In 1875, Lagarde maintained that the primary objective of German politics was the "gradual Germanization of Poland." Since he was concerned about how many Germans emigrated in their search for land, he advocated a border colonizing land acquisition for the peasantry, which he considered the "true foundation of the state." This land acquisition aimed to create a Mitteleuropa under German leadership "that reaches from the Ems to the mouth of the Danube, from the Neman to Trieste, from Metz to about the Bug."

In his 1918 book, The New Europe, Tomáš Masaryk regards Lagarde as one of the leading philosophical and theological spokesmen of Pan-Germanism, and furthermore describes Heinrich von Treitschke as its historian, Wilhelm II as its politician and Friedrich Ratzel as its geopolitical geographer. In all of them he saw the representatives of the imperialistic "German Drang nach Osten" that threatened the Slavic countries.

Legacy
Lagarde's anti-Semitism laid the foundations for aspects of National Socialist ideology, in particular that of Alfred Rosenberg. He argued that Germany should create a "national" form of Christianity purged of Semitic elements and insisted that Jews were "pests and parasites" who should be destroyed "as speedily and thoroughly as possible".Stern, Fritz The Politics of Cultural Despair: a study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology, 1961 (see Chapter I, "Paul de Lagarde and a Germanic Religion"). His library now belongs to the New York University.

Works
He edited the Didascalia apostolorum syriace (1854) and other Syriac texts collected in the British Museum and in Paris. He edited the Aramaic translation (known as the Targum) of the Prophets according to the Codex Reuchlinianus preserved at Karlsruhe, Prophetae chaldaice (1872), the Hagiographa chaldaice (1874), an Arabic translation of the Gospels, Die vier Evangelien, arabisch aus der Wiener Handschrift herausgegeben (1864), a Syriac translation of the Old Testament Apocrypha, Libri V. T. apocryphi syriace (1865), a Coptic translation of the Pentateuch, Der Pentateuch koptisch (1867), and a part of the Lucianic text of the Septuagint, which he was able to reconstruct from manuscripts for nearly half the Old Testament.

Of the Armenians he published Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier (1854) and Armenische Studien (1877).  He was also a student of Persian, publishing Isaias persice (1883) and Persische Studien (1884).  In 1880, de Lagarde attempted to reconstruct a Syriac version of Epiphanius' treatise, On Weights and Measures, which he entitled, Veteris Testamenti ab Origene recensiti fragmenta apud Syros servata quinque. Praemittitur Epiphanii de mensuris et ponderibus liber nunc primum integer et ipse syriacus (Gootingae 1880). He followed up his Coptic studies with Aegyptiaca (1883), and published many minor contributions to the study of oriental languages in Gesammelte Abhandlungen (1866), Symmicta (1. 1877, ii. 1880), Semitica (i. 1878, ii. 1879), Orientalia (1879–1880) and Mittheilungen (1884).  Mention should also be made of the valuable Onomastica sacra (1870; 2nd ed., 1887).

He edited:

In Deutsche Schriften (1878–81; 4th ed., Göttingen, 1903), he attempted to involve himself in politics. It deals with the position of the German state relative to theology, the church and religion. It became a nationalist text.

Notes

References
  This work in turn cites:
 Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie Anna de Lagarde, Paul de Lagarde (1894)

Further reading
 Heike Behlmer, Thomas L. Gertzen and Orell Witthuhn. Der Nachlass Paul de Lagarde. Orientalistische Netzwerke und antisemitische Verflechtungen. De Gruyter Oldenbourg. Europäisch-jüdische Studien - Beiträge, 46. De Gruyter (2020) - https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/540282?format=G&rskey=qGGhF5&result=1 and DOI: 10.1515/9783110615463
 Ulrich Sieg, Deutschlands Prophet. Paul de Lagarde und die Ursprünge des modernen Antisemitismus (München, Carl Hanser 2007).
 Fritz Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair'' (1961).

External links

Collection of Lagarde's writings at Archive.org
Der Pentateuch Koptisch Herausgegeben von Paul de Lagarde

1827 births
1891 deaths
Writers from Berlin
German biblical scholars
Christian Hebraists
German orientalists
German nationalists
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
History of Madagascar
People from the Province of Brandenburg
Syriacists
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
German male non-fiction writers

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