Look for a book about the Internet. Most of them are not actually about the Internet, but its effect on humans and society. Also they are mostly about negative effects on the user. What most people don't know about the Internet is its history and its rather innocent origins. Although there are some negatives that have come from the Internet, they aren't so bad when the user considers just how much good has come from this world-changing invention.
According to Jerome S. Meyer, in his book World Book of Great Inventions, Movable type was the 8th greatest invention of all time because without it, "98 per cent of all people in the world who are now educated would be ignorant" (262). His book was written in 1952, at least a decade prior to any of ARPANET's successes, and a half a century before the millions of people populated the Internet we know now. Since then the Internet has spread the written word even further than moveable type was able, and hundreds of educational websites and apps are available.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was the first group to create a network to link different types of computers together (Belfiore 71). Their network was ARPANET. ARPA's first director JCR Licklider hoped to connect computers across the planet, referring to it as an "intergalactic network" (Jones 247). Bob Taylor, the head thinker behind ARPANET, wanted to find a way to get the computers to "talk to each other" (Belfiore 70).
Ironically, one of the first tasks for ARPANET's worldwide network was to connect seismologists, people who study the earth. Prior to the connection, it took weeks to snail mail the information from all the monitoring stations to one central location. In 1963, ARPA connected 130 monitor stations to collect the worldwide seismic data for study called the World Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (WWSSN). The WWSSN was put in place to detect "underground explosions caused by nuclear bombs" (Belfiore 60). This monitoring network was coupled with satellites that observed the atmosphere. In combination, they made sure no one broke President Kennedy's Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963.
Once ARPANET connected two computers between Los Angeles to Sa Francisco in October of 1969, the ball was rolling and it caught speed quickly. A mere three years later, nearly 31 computers were connected to ARPANET (Jones 247). Just like anything popular, ARPANET needed groupies, so in July of 1977, ALOHANET and SATNET connected with the quickly growing networks which lead to the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) and finally the birth of the Internet that we are all connected to (Jones 249).
Excluding the gross increase of internet users; there have been a lot more changes that have come about because of the Internet. These changes are specific to the Internet; none of these changes include a psychological study. These changes are strictly facts and improvement directly involved with the Internet.
Ray Tomlinson of BBN is accredited with the development of email (Chapman). Email was born in 1971! Tomlinson's first intention or email was to "send messages from one computer to another on the same network" (Jones, 175). The "at" symbol [@] was used in the original email addresses to separate the recipient identification and the address of the computer. The latter half has been changed to represent the email service used.
Until the mid-1970's, Ray Tomlinson's dual-program service was popular with ARPANET users. These two program names were self-explanatory to their purpose: READMAIL and SNDMSG (with vowels send message).
Email started to become more user friendly when John Vittal merged the programs to make MSG in 1975. With the new program users could reply and forward without having to manually type the receiver's address.
Similar to "Reply All" that email users are familiar with today, email discussions were simply called "mailing lists". One of the first of these discussions was SF-LOVERS for science fiction fans. By 1988, the internet had an exponentially growing user population and they all wanted to talk in real time without needing to use a mailing list. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was born and it was the first chat room to distract students everywhere (Jones 250).
The Internet has been blamed for making teenagers lazy, but is it true? The Internet was helpful in an office building so that a few coffee addicts were more productive. The first webcam was aimed at a coffee pot starting in 1991 (Chapman). How does live video of a coffee pot make office workers more productive? Supposedly, it was used to prevent the coffee drinkers from wasting trips to an empty pot, but we all know it was to record who stole the last cup and didn't make another pot.
Surprisingly enough, the first actual webpage didn't actually make its way onto the Internet until 1991 (Chapman). What did it say? It was directions on how to use a webpage. It sounds silly, but it's true. That happened with most of the internet firsts. The webpage is still running at an updated 1992 version <http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html>.
By 1993, ".com" was normal. It wasn't until then though that ".org" [organization] and ".gov" [government] joined the population of users, starting with the White House and the UN (Chapman).
Google may not have been able to claim being the first to create an email service, but they were the first to create a web search service. In 1998, Google made the Internet easier to use, making even more information accessible (Chapman).
What about social media? The term was coined in 2004, the same year theFacebook began. The next year YouTube started sharing videos, and then a blue bird began Tweeting in 2006. However neither Twitter nor Facebook can claim firsts. MySpace came before Facebook in 2003, and was the most popular social networking webpage before Facebook stole the title. (Chapman).
Bad things did happen because of the Internet as well. Gary Thuerk was the first to send out 600 unsolicited commercial email messages (aka spam) in 1978 (Chapman). Even worse than an annoying email, is a computer virus. Internet worms are a form of virus or mal-ware that prey on the weaknesses of software. Once they've gotten into the target they quickly replicate like bacteria and infect anything they digitally slither across. Internet worms are dangerous. "Unlike Trojans or other viruses that require user intervention to spread, Internet worms can spread on their own" (Janssen). The original worms would start in one user's emails, and spread itself to all the email in the user's address book. Although there were worms before the Morris Worm, Robert Tappan Morris wrote a virus that caused "major interruptions" across the internet in 1988 (Chapman).
Ever wonder how the search engines sort through so much information? Crawlers (aka "bots" or "spiders") are similar to Internet worms in the fact that both spread throughout the Internet looking or information. However, unlike the malicious worm, crawlers "crawl" around the Internet and search web pages for topics ad key words. This information is sent back to the mother nest (the search engine) and catalogued for the user to find easily.
The Internet has caused a lot of changes to life as we know it, and it continues to do so. This invention came about all because a lot of seismologists wanted to share about a couple tremors. Now we have over-sharing of photos, videos, and viruses. Although viruses are bad, many good inventions came from those bad things. The chance to share millions of bytes of data is worth the sacrifice of computer viruses. The Internet is certainly an amazing eco system.
Belfiore, Michael. The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs. New York: Smithsonian Books, 2009. Book.
Chapman, Cameron. The History of the Internet in a Nutshell. 15 November 2009. Web. 22 January 2013. <http://sixrevisions.com/resources/the-history-of-the-internet-in-a-nutshell/>.
Internet World Stats. World Stats. n.d. Web. 4 February 2013. <www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm>.
Janssen, Cory. Internet Worm. n.d. Web. 21 February 2013. <http://www.techopedia.com/definition/7786/internet-worm>.
Jones, Steve. Encyclopedia of New Media: An Essential Refrence to Communicaiton and Technology. New York City: SAGE Publications, 2003. Book.
Kelly, Kevin. What Technology Wants. New York: Viking, 2012. Book.
Leiner, Barry M, et al. Brief History of the Internet. 2012. Web. 22 January 2013. <http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet>.
Meyer, Jerome S. World Book of Great Inventions. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company, 1956. Book.
Naisbitt, John, Nana Naisbitt and Douglas Philips. High Tech High Touch: Technology and Our Search for Meaning. New York: Broadway Books, 1999. Book.
Nielson. About Nielson. n.d. Web Site. 4 Fabruary 2013. .
The First Web Page. 1991. Web. 4 February 2013. <www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html>.
Web Developers Notes. Gmail invites not required for Gmail email account. n.d. Web. 20 February 2013. <http://www.webdevelopersnotes.com/tips/gmail/gmail-invites.php>.


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Minister of Education on EQAO Testing
TORONTO — Today, Stephen Lecce, Minister of Education, issued the following statement regarding the upcoming province-wide EQAO Grade 9 math assessment:
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Ontario Minister of Education to Hold a Media Availability
January 8, 2020 9:00 A.M.
Stephen Lecce, Minister of Education, will hold a media availability.
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Government Supporting Job Growth and Business Expansion in Kenora
January 7, 2020 2:30 P.M.
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Christine Elliott, Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, will make an announcement.
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Statement by Premier Doug Ford on the New Year
Today, Premier Doug Ford issued the following statement marking New Year's Day:
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Eight openly LGBT candidates have won their races for the U.S. House and one will head to a recount. Either way we are assured a historic number of openly LGBT candidates will be in the U.S. Congress next year. Three of the LGBT candidates won seats currently held by Republicans. One was in a key swing district held by a retiring Democrat, and four were incumbents. U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin won a resounding reelection to the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin.
Kyrsten Sinema's race for U.S. Senate in Arizona remains too close to call. Sinema has expanded her lead over GOP Rep. Martha McSally in Arizona after another day of ballot-counting in the state. Sinema stretched her lead to 28,688 votes on Saturday evening as officials in the two most-populous counties, Maricopa and Pima, counted tens of thousands more absentee ballots. It is expected that the margin could shrink slightly when smaller counties where McSally has an edge report new totals. Sinema now has 49.5 percent of the vote to McSally's 48.2 percent, with hundreds of thousands more votes still left to count.
LGBTQ Victory Fund raised more than $235,554 for its endorsed LGBT U.S. House candidates and more than $366,000 for its U.S Senate candidates this cycle.
Gina Ortiz Jones' race for the U.S. House from Texas will head to a recount. Rep. Will Hurd, R-Texas, was initially declared the winner. But Ortiz Jones early yesterday moved into first place. A subsequent error in the vote count put Hurd, former CIA operative and one of two black Republicans in the House, back in the lead by 1,000 votes later in the day. A recount seems a foregone conclusion.
Currently there are six openly LGBT members in the U.S. House and one openly LGBT U.S. Senator. Twenty-two openly LGBT candidates won Democratic or Republican primaries for U.S. Senate or U.S. House this year. That is more than at any other time in U.S. history. The number of nominees is a 29 percent increase when compared to the 2016 election cycle, and a 340 percent increase since 2010.
For the latest results, visit victoryfund.org/results2018.
Overall Tuesday night, openly LGBT candidates picked up three new seats in the U.S. House: Angie Craig in Minnesota, Chris Pappas in New Hampshire, and Sharice Davids in Kansas. All three were the first openly LGBT candidates to win election to Congress from their states.
U.S. Rep. Jared Polis won his historic bid to become governor of Colorado and the first openly gay man to be elected governor of any state.
Voters also welcomed three new lesbian mayors: Teri Johnston in Key West, Besty Driver in Flemington, N.J., and Julia Fahl in Lambertville, N.J. The vast majority of more than 100 openly LGBT candidates for state legislative offices won.
In Massachusetts, voters soundly voted "Yes" to retain a state law that prohibits discrimination based on gender identity in public accommodations. It is the first statewide vote on such protections.
There were not "blue waves" in every state this mid-term There were some disappointing losses for the LGBT community and the Democratic Party. Transgender Democrat Christine Hallquist fell short in her bid to unseat Vermont's Republican incumbent Governor Phil Scott.
Green Party candidate Paula Overby in Minnesota and Independent candidate Brad Peacock in Vermont lost their bids for U.S. Senate seats.
But, the four incumbent LGBT U.S. representatives running for re-election all won: David Cicilline in Rhode Island, Sean Maloney in New York, Mark Pocan in Wisconsin, and Mark Takano in California. The newcomers, mentioned previously are Chris Pappas from New Hampshire, Sharice Davids from Kansas, and Angie Craig from Minnesota.
There were four openly LGBT candidates for governor Tuesday night. Incumbent Democratic Governor Kate Brown of Oregon won re-election with a five-point margin. And U.S. Rep. Jared Polis won with a six-point lead over his Republican opponent.
Both losing LGBT candidates for governor earned strong support at the ballot box, despite coming up short. Christine Hallquist, a state energy activist who became the first transgender candidate to win a major party nomination for governor. She had a robust 40.5 percent of the vote but was ultimately beaten by popular Republican incumbent Governor Phil Scott in Vermont. And Lupe Valdez, a former Dallas sheriff, won 42 percent of the vote against popular Republican incumbent Governor Greg Abbott in Texas.
Voters in Massachusetts did not vote as strongly to keep a transgender non-discrimination law as polls had predicted. The latest poll predicted 74 percent would vote to retain the two-year-old law. But, with 82 percent of the vote in, 68 percent voted "Yes" on Question 3. The vote will ensure the law would remain intact.
"By winning the first statewide popular vote on transgender rights, Massachusetts voters reaffirmed our Commonwealth as a place that fiercely defends our basic values of dignity and respect for everyone," said ACLU Massachusetts Executive Director Carol Rose.
Question 3 in Massachusetts marked the first-time voters statewide had been asked to vote on whether state non-discrimination laws should prohibit discrimination based on gender identity.
There were at last count 101 openly LGBT candidates in races for state legislative offices on Tuesday. They included: 85 state house or assembly seats and 16 for state senate seats, in a total of 26 states. Of the 85 running for state house seats, 62 won, 18 lost, and five are still in contention with recounts. Among the many "firsts" recorded Tuesday, Megan Hunt became the first openly LGBT candidate elected to the Nebraska state legislature.
The largest field of LGBT candidates ran in Texas (10), followed by Ohio (8), and Georgia and Washington (6 each).
Massachusetts' lesbian Attorney General Maura Healey coasted to re-election victory Tuesday night, winning 71 percent of the vote and fueling expectations that she will make a bid for governor in 2022. As a newcomer in 2012, she won with 62 percent of the vote.
The U.S. Pacific island of Gaum elected an openly gay Lieutenant Governor, running mate to its first woman Governor Lou Leon Guerrero.
And Texas Libertarian candidate for lieutenant governor, Kerry Douglas McKennon, came in a distant third, with less than one percent of the vote.


text:
Zebedee Soanes (born 24 June 1976) is a British radio presenter who presents the weekday evening music show Smooth Classics at Seven on Classic FM. He was previously a newsreader and continuity announcer on BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 4 Extra until June 2022. He has collaborated in concert performances, particularly with the vocal ensemble Opus Anglicanum, and has published the children's book series Gaspard the Fox.

Early life and education
Soanes was born in Lowestoft in Suffolk, the son of a Methodist minister. He is named after the Biblical fisherman Zebedee, who was the father of two of Jesus' disciples. Soanes has two sisters, Anna and Rebecca.

Soanes was educated at Northfield St Nicholas Infants School and then Harris Middle School in Lowestoft and then at Denes High School, a state comprehensive school in the town, followed by the University of East Anglia, where he read Drama and Creative Writing. He then taught drama and toured Britain as an actor.

Life and career

Early career and Shipping Forecast
Near the end of his degree course Soanes appeared on a BBC Local Radio station, promoting a charity improvised comedy show in which he was taking part. He was spotted by one of the presenters and a few days later Soanes was called back to improvise some impersonations live on air.

Soanes was a presentation announcer for the television channels BBC One and BBC Two. His was the first voice of BBC Four when the digital channel launched in March 2002 and was the channel's sole announcer for the first ten months. He left BBC television in February 2003 and took up a position with BBC Radio 4 on 9 February 2003.

In 2001, he began reading the Shipping Forecast, a weather report for the seas around the British Isles, which is broadcast four times a day on BBC Radio 4. For the 2008 Beijing Olympics he was asked to read the shipping forecast to a worldwide audience of over a billion. Describing the forecast in 2012, Soanes said: "To the non-nautical, [it] is a nightly litany of the sea... It reinforces a sense of being islanders with a proud seafaring past. Whilst the listener is safely tucked-up in their bed, they can imagine small fishing-boats bobbing about at Plymouth or 170ft waves crashing against Rockall."

Writing in the foreword to the 2020 The Shipping Forecast Puzzle Book, published by BBC Books, he explained: "The forecast gives the wind direction and force, atmospheric pressure, visibility and the state of the sea. It is a nightly litany with a rhythm and indefinable poetry that have made it popular with millions of people who never have cause to put to sea and have little idea what it actually means; a reminder that whilst you're tucked-up safely under the bedclothes, far out over the waves it's a wilder and more dangerous picture, one that captures the imagination and leads it into uncharted waters whilst you sleep. Dependable, reassuring and never hurried, in these especially uncertain times The Shipping Forecast is a still small voice of calm across the airwaves."

Later radio career
Soanes has been a newsreader for Radio 4's Today, PM and the Six O'Clock News. He is a regular newsreader on The News Quiz, joining the programme under the chairmanship of Sandi Toksvig, then Miles Jupp and in 2013 accompanied the programme on its first visit to the Edinburgh Festival.

He acted with Toby Jones in the radio drama Beautiful Dreamers and has reported for BBC Radio's long-running series From Our Own Correspondent. He has also presented BBC Radio 3's Saturday Classics, the first edition of which consisted of three hours of favourite sea-inspired music. In December 2010, Radio Times magazine placed Soanes in the list of the seven most recognisable voices in Britain. He voiced a series of documentaries for the Doctor Who 50th anniversary, the launch of Sherlock in the US and is in Mayday, a short film with Juliet Stevenson.

Author Francesca Simon, creator of Horrid Henry, featured Soanes as the newsreader in The Lost Gods, her 2013 book for older children.

In a July 2015 poll of favourite radio voices in The Sunday Times, Soanes was voted as the favourite male voice. His voice was described, by the paper's radio critic Paul Donovan, as smoother than that of the favourite female Jane Garvey and as "evoking an earlier, more formal BBC". In September 2015, he played a vintage radio announcer in the BBC Radio 4 drama Dead Girls Tell No Tales.

In April 2016, Soanes played Derek Nimmo in the radio drama All Mouth and Trousers, by Mark Burgess, the story behind the making of the television comedy series All Gas and Gaiters. The reviews for the programme were generally positive with The Sunday Times Paul Donovan saying "Zeb Soanes is terrific as its star, Derek Nimmo" and Gillian Reynolds of The Sunday Telegraph commenting "Zeb Soanes makes an ace Derek Nimmo." Also in 2016 he played the sinister librarian in a Doctor Who audio adventure called The Unbound Universe with David Warner as The Doctor.

At Christmas 2018, Soanes appeared as part of the team for the University of East Anglia on BBC's Christmas University Challenge. On Christmas Day, the team lost to University of Westminster by 100 points to 130.

In June 2022, it was announced that, from 4 July, Soanes would be joining Classic FM to present Smooth Classics at Seven, a three-hour programme of calming classical music every weekday evening, from 7pm.

The Proms and concert performances
Soanes returned to BBC Four television in August 2006 as a presenter for the BBC Proms.

In 2017 he presented a television tribute to The Proms on the occasion of the First Night of The Proms, in sepia tone in the style of a vintage programme. The sequence included photographs, radio and TV footage from the history of the concerts, with Soanes partly presenting in Received Pronunciation, fitting the style of early BBC programmes.

On 24 November 2013, he took the role of God in a production of Noye's Fludde for BBC Radio 3, as part of the station's celebration of Benjamin Britten's centenary.

In November 2014, he participated in a concert by the vocal ensemble Opus Anglicanum at Wells Cathedral, featuring the poetry of George Herbert and has appeared in numerous productions with them since. The ensemble has touring an entire reading of Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, set to music by Lynne Plowman.

In 2016, Soanes was narrator for The Snowman by the Brandenburg Sinfonia at St Martin-in-the-Fields, with Andrew Earis conductor. In 2019, the church commissioned him to rewrite the libretto for Vaughan Williams' 1958 nativity pageant, The First Nowell, presented as a charity gala casting BBC colleagues Dame Jenni Murray as God and Evan Davis as a Wise Man.

He was narrator for Peter and the Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood at the Wimbledon International Music Festival, with Leo Geyer conductor. The Daily Telegraph has described Soanes as "the go-to person for music narration, specialising in children's concerts". Andrew Baker, son of broadcaster Richard Baker, has said "It is unusual .... for  newsreaders to come from a non-journalistic background, but this seems to have been Zeb's path, just as it was my father's, so the state school, university, actor, BBC trajectory is uncannily similar."

In March 2017, Soanes appeared, alongside Carole Boyd, in a new recording of Façade by William Walton  and Edith Sitwell, produced by Andrew Keener. Christine Labroche, of concertoNet.com said of the recording: "These two celebrated voices chant the strange poems of Edith Sitwell with an infallible rhythm and a perfect, stretched or swift diction." Andrew Baker also  praised Soanes for the way he had performed Façade: "My father regarded Façade as the pinnacle of the narrator's art, a hugely enjoyable challenge, and a celebration of clarity, breathing, projection and timing. Zeb has all of these attributes, and it's always a pleasure to hear him at work."

On Twelfth Night, 5 January 2021, he appeared in a YouTube video with The King's Singers performing John Julius Norwich's humorous correspondence The Twelve Days of Christmas surrounding the gifts given in the traditional carol.

Charitable work
Soanes is patron of two charities – Awards for Young Musicians and the British Association of Performing Arts Medicine. He is also the first patron of The Mammal Society and is a patron of the Thaxted Festival.

During the 2020 coronavirus lockdown, Soanes created "celebriTEAS", a comedy podcast, impersonating theatrical heroes to raise money for the Equity Benevolent Fund and Acting for Others. It was warmly endorsed by fellow broadcaster Stephen Fry

On 4 March 2021, to promote World Book Day, Soanes appeared on the Early Evening News on BBC London.

In April 2022, Soanes helped launch a community project with the unveiling a maquette of a statue, by sculptor Ian Rank-Broadley, of Benjamin Britten, to be located on the seafront at Lowestoft.

Personal life
The Soanes family's presence in Lowestoft dates back to the 1700s. Interviewed in 2011, Soanes said that he enjoyed  acting as it gave him a chance to act out a character hugely different from his own calm, measured personality, saying "Working on a character is the most rewarding because you get to put yourself in someone else's mind."

Soanes lives in Islington, North London and returns to Suffolk whenever he can. Formerly a resident of Highgate, he was made a Freeman of Highgate, by means of the ancient Swearing on the Horns ceremony, on 25 February 2015, at the Duke's Head public house.

He has a love of classical music and plays the piano. In Who's Who he is listed as being a member of The Garrick Club and the Southwold Sailors' Reading Room. Soanes is represented by agents   Curtis Brown.

On 1 April 2021, at the age of 44, Soanes suffered a stroke, resulting in him having to take three months off work to convalesce. He subsequently embarked on work with the Stroke Association to raise awareness of the condition.

Books
In 2018, independent Welsh publisher Graffeg announced that Soanes was to collaborate with illustrator James Mayhew on a series of children's books about an injured urban fox which had appeared at Soanes' home, and which he and his partner had subsequently befriended. The book, Gaspard the Fox, was published in May 2018 and includes illustrations inspired by Soanes and his partner Christophe: "It was also important for James and I to include a positive representation of a gay couple in a very matter-of-fact way, and so my real-life relationship with Christophe and the fox is depicted at the end." The second book, Gaspard: Best in Show was published in August 2019 and the third, Gaspard's Foxtrot, was published in March 2021.

Gaspard's Foxtrot has also been adapted as a major new concert work by the British composer Jonathan Dove in the tradition of Peter and the Wolf, which was filmed by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra on 20 May, as part of its brand-new digital National Schools Concert Programme 2021. It received its world premiere on 29 July 2021 at the Three Choirs Festival, with the Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Alice Farnham.

During the 2020 coronavirus lockdown, Soanes created a video series, on his own YouTube channel, called Gaspard's Den, exploring and explaining the changed world as a spin-off from his children's books. The videos drew viewers from all over the world whose pictures and letters were shared in each episode.

Soanes' fourth book, Fred and the Fantastic Tub-Tub, illustrated by Anja Uhren, was scheduled for publication, by Graffeg, on 10 March 2022.

Works

Discography
 Facade, Orchid Classics, 2017
 Mediaeval Carols III – Opus Anglicanum
 In Parenthesis – Opus Anglicanum
 An English Music – Opus Anglicanum
 The Great and Wide Sea – Opus Anglicanum

References

External links

 Gaspard the Fox at gaspardthefox.com
 "How one man befriended an urban fox" from BBC London
 Zebedee Soanes profile at bbc.co.uk
 "Ted 'Golden Pipes' Williams" from BBC Newsnight

1976 births
Living people
English male radio actors
English radio presenters
Radio and television announcers
BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 3
People from Lowestoft
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
People from Canonbury
English gay actors
English gay writers
English LGBT writers
British LGBT journalists
British LGBT broadcasters
Actors from London
Actors from Suffolk
English male voice actors

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WHAT IS A FIDGET FINGER SPINNER ?
Finger spinners is also called fidget Spinners. Which are one of the more bizarre inventions that the internet has helped create, primarily because besides helping people who have fidgeting issues, they have no purpose.
They are marketed as products that can help you deal with other habits that you are trying to kick, like nail biting and smoking. Aside from that, they are also mentally beneficial, with some saying that they have helped to sooth the impacts of anxiety.
There are plenty of low-cost fidget spinners on sale made out of ASB plastic and printed using 3D-printers. Have a search and you'll definitely be able to find one below $20, and the great news is that they usually ship quickly so you'll be spinning in no time.
WHY ARE PEOPLE USING THEM?
Fidget spinners' popularity is a bit peculiar given that there's no scientific evidence to prove that they are effective – their boom has been based on word of mouth and anecdotal experiences. But many suffer with at least mild forms of fidgeting, and have found hope with such a product.
Furthermore, children and adults with ADHD are finding joy with fidget spinners as a way of exerting energy that they would otherwise have to do in a louder and more disruptive manner. Many people are thinking that they're at least worth a try.
Fidget spinners were totally unknown in August 2016, so there's no long-term data to suggest whether they will remain popular. However, the boom has been rapid with Etsy seeing new sellers emerge all the time. There have been plenty of toys that rose and fell over the years, and over the coming months we may get a better idea on whether or not fidget spinners are here to stay.
Yiwu as the largest wholesale market, always first reflects to the new ideas and new products. There are already many suppliers and factories crazy about this fidget finger spinner. Have a look of the pictures.
Our company Yiwu Amanda Intl Group also dealt a lot fidget spinner recently. We have known very good factories and have strong back up. Our customers are wholesalers, retailers, Amazon/Ebay online retailers and so on. From our experience, we also would like to suggest that sometimes a change of your idea could make your items very hot selling. For example, changing of a package or having more products variety.
Contact us to customize your own fidget spinner. But dont be crazy about this. LOL.


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nikki giovanni (poem)
Poet Nikki Giovanni's work was a leading light in the Black Arts Movement in the 1960s. She has been a bright, incisive presence in American letters ever since.
Mothership logbook notes on a plenary talk by Nikki on 11/10/2016: Giovanni is a marvelous storyteller speaker weaving poignant insights with humor in ways that disarm and delight whilst sending messages that strike to the bone of things. She embodies the grace that is the trickster truth-talker, a way of seeing and speaking things that world always needs to keep us in balance (and our badness off balance).
Giovanni's publications and awards are extensive, given her constant work of bringing her life and other lives to the page: (Text below pulled https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/nikki-giovanni.)
Giovanni is the author of numerous children books and poetry collections, including Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid (William Morrow, 2013), Bicycles: Love Poems (William Morrow, 2009); Acolytes (HarperCollins, 2007); The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni: 1968-1998 (Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2003); Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems and Not-Quite Poems (William Morrow, 2002); Blues For All the Changes: New Poems (William Morrow, 1999); Love Poems (William Morrow, 1997); and Selected Poems of Nikki Giovanni (University Press of Mississippi, 1996). In her first two collections, Black Feeling, Black Talk (Harper Perennial, 1968) and Black Judgement (Broadside Press, 1969), Giovanni reflects on the African-American identity.
Her honors include a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1970, the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Award for Dedication and Commitment to Service in 2009, three NAACP Image Awards for Literature in 1998, the Langston Hughes award for Distinguished Contributions to Arts and Letters in 1996, as well as more than twenty honorary degrees from national colleges and universities. She has been given keys to more than a dozen cities, including New York, Los Angeles, Dallas, Miami, and New Orleans.
She is currently University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, where she has taught since 1987.
Read new work by nikki giovanni.


In today's integrating information systems data fusion, i.e., the merging of multiple tuples about the same real-world object into a single tuple, is left to ETL tools and other specialized software. While much attention has been paid to architecture, query languages, and query execution, the final step of actually fusing data from multiple sources into a consistent and homogeneous set is often ignored.
This paper states the formal problem of data fusion in relational databases and discusses which parts of the problem can already be solved with standard Sql. To bridge the final gap, we propose the SQL Fuse By statement and define its syntax and semantics. A first implementation of the statement in a prototypical database system shows the usefulness and feasibility of the new operator.


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Home » TV » Snowpiercer Season 2 Trailer: The Next Stage in The Revolution Begins
Snowpiercer Season 2 Trailer: The Next Stage in The Revolution Begins
Posted on January 11, 2021 | by Ray Flook | Comments
When TNT's Snowpiercer returns later this month, Layton (Daveed Diggs) and Melanie's (Jennifer Connelly) efforts at a new and better society barely lasted minutes before a ten-ton obstacle in the form of the very-much-alive-and-very-much-real Mr. Wilford (Sean Bean) decided to show up to take back what he says is his- and he brought Melanie's once-thought-dead daughter Alexandra (Rowan Blanchard) along to make his point. So for Layton, Melanie, and the others to save what they fought so hard to achieve, the revolution will need to be taken to the next level.
Snowpiercer Trailer_ Season 2 Premieres January 25, 2021 _ TNT 0-47 screenshot
For a small taste of the chaos and corruption yet to come courtesy of Mr. Wilford, check out the official trailer for the second season of TNT's Snowpiercer– with the series set to return on Monday, January 25:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCtHbR4y2GM
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Snowpiercer Trailer: Season 2 Premieres January 25, 2021 | TNT (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCtHbR4y2GM)
At the end of season one, the survivors of the revolution are trying to pick up the pieces and maintain a fragile peace amongst the now merged classes with Layton (Diggs) emerging as the train's leader. Discovering Mr. Wilford (Bean) is alive and headed their way on a rival train, Melanie (Connelly) risks going outside to prevent him from invading Snowpiercer. While she's out there, it's revealed that Alexandra (Blanchard), Melanie's daughter, who she thought had died, is alive and has become Wilford's dedicated protegee. In season two, an entirely new power struggle emerges, causing a dangerous rift as people are divided between their loyalty to Layton and to Mr. Wilford, who has a new train, new technology and a game plan that keeps everyone guessing. While Layton battles Wilford for the soul of Snowpiercer, Melanie leads the charge on a shocking new discovery that could change the fate of humanity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jd7LKtQqP0&feature=youtu.be
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Snowpiercer Teaser: Season 2 Premieres January 25, 2021 | TNT (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jd7LKtQqP0&feature=youtu.be)
Snowpiercer stars Oscar winner Jennifer Connelly (A Beautiful Mind), Grammy and Tony Award-winner Daveed Diggs (Hamilton, Black-ish), Sean Bean (Game of Thrones), Rowan Blanchard (Girl Meets World), Emmy  nominee Alison Wright (The Americans), Mickey Sumner (Frances Ha, Battle of the Sexes), Iddo Goldberg (Peaky Blinders, The Zookeeper's Wife), Katie McGuinness (Dirty Filthy Love), Tony Award winner and Grammy nominee Lena Hall (Hedwig and the Angry Inch), Annalise Basso (Bedtime Stories), Sam Otto (Jellyfish), Roberto Urbina (Narcos), Sheila Vand (Argo), and Steven Ogg (The Walking Dead).
TNT 0-47 screenshot
TNT's Snowpiercer  is executive produced by Graeme Manson, Marty Adelstein, Becky Clements, Matthew O'Connor, Ben Rosenblatt, and Scott Derrickson, and the original film's producers, including Bong Joon Ho, Miky Lee, Tae-sung Jeong, Park Chan-wook, Lee Tae-hun  , and  Dooho Choi. The show is produced by Tomorrow Studios, along with CJ Entertainment. ITV Studios handles international distribution.
Posted in Preview, streaming, TNT, TV, YouTube | Tagged A Beautiful Mind, black-ish, bleeding cool, cable, Daveed Diggs, drama, fantasy, game of thrones, hamilton, jennifer connelly, layton, Melanie, Mr. Wilford, preview, sci-fi, sean bean, snowpiercer, streaming, teaser, television, tnt, trailer, tv
In This Issue, a Character Will DIE! – X-Factor #6 [XH]
IO Interactive Reveals All Of The Locations For Hitman 3


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Le terme générique théories Gaïa fait référence à un ensemble d'hypothèses et de théories selon lesquelles :
 les êtres vivants ont une influence sur la totalité de la planète sur laquelle ils se trouvent ;
 l'écosphère a développé une autorégulation (point non contesté même hors hypothèse Gaïa) ; l'existence de chaque être vivant est alors supposée régulée au profit de l'ensemble de l'écosphère (hypothèse proprement Gaïa) ;
 le système autorégulé constitué par la totalité des êtres vivants (biomasse) et des constituants non vivants composant la masse totale de la Terre, et sans doute aussi le rayonnement solaire extérieur, possède des mécanismes internes pouvant le faire considérer comme un être vivant, conformément au paradigme cybernétique. Celui-ci est nommé par convention Gaïa par allusion à la déesse mère grecque.

Bien que certains soutiennent que des aspects de la théorie Gaïa sont déjà parties intégrantes de nombreuses religions et cultures autochtones, celle-ci a tout d'abord été décrite en tant qu'hypothèse (hypothèse Gaïa) par James Lovelock, chimiste britannique, et Lynn Margulis, microbiologiste américaine en 1974. Un modèle assez simple fréquemment utilisé pour illustrer l'hypothèse originelle est celui de Daisyworld. L'hypothèse originelle repose sur le concept d'homéostasie et soutient que les formes vivantes d'une planète hôte, associées avec leur environnement, se sont comportées et se comportent encore comme un système autorégulateur. Ce système naturel inclut la biomasse, l'atmosphère, la pédosphère et une mince couche de la lithosphère. De multiples formes de ce concept coexistent, bien que controversées, et une partie au moins en est plus ou moins admise par la communauté scientifique.

Ces théories se veulent aussi très significatives pour l'écologie politique. Les théories Gaïa sont développées par des courants du .

James Lovelock s'est officiellement désolidarisé de la façon dont la mouvance Gaïa présente sa théorie, qu'il estime caricaturée par eux.

Origines des théories Gaïa

Prédécesseurs de l'hypothèse
Il existe des précédents d'ordre mystique, scientifique et religieux à cette théorie. De nombreuses mythologies religieuses, comme certaines religions des Amériques, voient la Terre comme un Tout plus grand que la somme de ses parties (holisme).
Si les humains agissent comme espèce clé, pour prévenir les changements climatiques, l'extinction des primates, etc., alors ils peuvent générer une homéostasie avec leur seule cognition.

À la suite de Johannes Kepler qui voyait la Terre comme un organisme rond et unique, Vernadsky concevra la notion de biosphère et, en 1924, son ami paléontologue et géologue Teilhard de Chardin forgera, en lien avec lui et le philosophe  Edouard Le Roy, le concept de noosphère, que reprendra Vernadsky. Teilhard a par la suite influencé Thomas Berry et de nombreux humanistes catholiques du . Buckminster Fuller est généralement vu comme ayant rendu l'idée respectable dans certains cercles scientifiques au . Pour sa part, Helan Jaworski présente la Terre comme un être vivant doué de conscience dans Le Géon ou la Terre vivante (Paris, Librairie Gallimard, 1928). Lewis Thomas (1913-1993), quant à lui, envisage la Terre comme une cellule. Pour Lee Smolin également, les univers féconds pourraient provenir d'implosions de trous noirs. Toutes ces théories sont des « théories Gaïa ».

Aucune de ces idées ne peut être considérée comme hypothèse scientifique : par définition, une hypothèse scientifique doit pouvoir être testée (voir par exemple l'épistémologie de Karl Popper ou la réfutabilité) ; les idées citées ci-dessus ne pouvant être vérifiées, elles sont exclues du champ scientifique classique.

Ces conjectures peuvent être considérées d'un point de vue social et peut-être de philosophie politique, elles peuvent également avoir des implications d'un point de vue théologique.

L'hypothèse Gaïa

La théorie Gaïa a tout d'abord été décrite comme une hypothèse (l'hypothèse Gaïa) par James Lovelock, chimiste britannique, et Lynn Margulis, microbiologiste américaine, en 1979.

Elle est ensuite reprise par Margulis, laquelle définit la théorie Gaïa comme une revendication purement scientifique reposant sur la reconnaissance de processus homéostatiques et homéorhétiques s'appliquant à l'ensemble de la biosphère terrestre. L'Hypothèse Gaïa, toutefois, a généré beaucoup plus de discussions que la théorie Gaïa. Pour mieux comprendre les différences entre théorie initiale et Théorie, il est préférable de revenir sur l'hypothèse originelle et sur la simulation Daisyworld.

L'hypothèse de fond de Lovelock est que la biomasse modifie les conditions de vie de la planète afin de rendre celle-ci plus hospitalière. L'hypothèse Gaïa relie cette notion d' « hospitalité » à l'homéostasie. La théorie Gaïa de Margulis fait plutôt référence à la notion d'homéorhésie. Un système en homéostasie tend vers un équilibre caractérisé par des paramètres constants, tandis qu'un système homéorhétique se caractérisera par un comportement dynamique de type ondulatoire, oscillant autour d'un état stable sans y converger. Il semble très probable que les plantes soient favorisées par les effets microclimatiques qu'elles peuvent avoir localement. D'autre part, il y a de bonnes raisons de penser que ces effets existent également à plus grande échelle, dans des relations symbiotiques ayant une influence climatique globale.

La version de la théorie Gaïa de Margulis modifie l'hypothèse Gaïa originelle (et en fait de facto une version moins controversée) de la façon suivante : la biosphère terrestre évolue entre plusieurs points de stabilité, à l'image de ce qui existe en théorie économique. La Terre ne serait pas un organisme vivant, qui pourrait vivre ou mourir brutalement, mais plutôt une sorte de communauté de confiance, pouvant exister à différents niveaux d'intégration.

Coauteur de l'hypothèse Gaïa originelle, Lynn Margulis soutient que la Terre n'est pas homéostatique mais homéorhétique : en d'autres termes, que les composants atmosphérique, hydrosphérique et lithosphérique sont régulés autour de points homéostatiques, mais que ces points changent au cours du temps... Gaïa serait une symbiose vue de l'espace.

Apport de Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins, tout en soulignant le côté autorégulateur de la planète (la biologie est après tout son métier), met l'accent sur le fait que les auteurs de l'hypothèse Gaïa ont oublié la condition essentielle nécessaire à définir un être vivant et son évolution, qui est l'opposition permanente à un milieu extérieur - proies et prédateurs -, seule susceptible de le faire évoluer au fil du temps par le mécanisme bien connu de l'évolution naturelle. Cette opposition n'existe pas pour la Terre, qui n'a ni milieu, ni proies, ni prédateurs. Dawkins affirme donc parfaitement abusive l'hypothèse de l'assimiler à un organisme vivant au seul prétexte qu'elle possède une dynamique comme en a aussi n'importe quel système inanimé (un incendie de forêt, un ouragan, une avalanche...) et que les autorégulations concernées n'ont pas le moindre rapport avec des manifestations de 'vie'. Voir cependant noosphère.

Toutefois, encore dans le champ des hypothèses, il est possible de conceptualiser la stérilité environnant la Terre comme étant l'opposition à la vie qu'elle abrite. Tel que propose la deuxième loi de la thermodynamique, ou loi de l'entropie, la vie joue contre la dégradation de la complexité de la matière en réalisant la néguentropie, en produisant des molécules nouvelles dans un univers qui se simplifie continuellement. Dans ce milieu, la lutte pour le maintien de la vie en se nourrissant de l'entropie paraît donner un sens à ce qui n'a aucun sens, la compétition pour la survie. En poussant la théorie évolutionniste au-delà du jeu manichéen entre proies et prédateurs, c'est plutôt le jeu de coopération contre l'entropie qui peut mieux expliquer l'évolution et l'interdépendance des organismes jusqu'à l'échelle planétaire. À ce sujet, voir Lynn Margulis.

Un autre aspect à considérer dans la position de Dawkins est l'interprétation anthropocentrique de l'évolution, c'est-à-dire la projection des rapports sociaux humains sur les relations entre les autres espèces, telles que le propose Edward O. Wilson dans sa théorie sociobiologiste. Cette analogie scientiste fondée par Wilson et clairement partagée par Richard Dawkins, suscite encore la controverse. À ce sujet, Jacques Ruelland fait une analyse critique, complète et précise.

Une hypothèse, des théories

Trois degrés d'hypothèses
La théorie Gaïa constitue un ensemble d'hypothèses, allant de l'indéniable au radical :
 à une extrémité est la constatation que les organismes vivants sur Terre ont modifié sa composition, l'apparition d'une atmosphère contenant une forte concentration d'oxygène (au début, simple déchet des algues bleues, puis à son tour moteur d'un autre type de vie, la vie aérobie) en étant un exemple typique ;
 une position intermédiaire consiste à considérer la Terre comme un organisme auto-organisé, qui fonctionne de telle façon que le système conserve une sorte d'équilibre (n'en posséderait-il pas qu'il aurait d'ailleurs probablement disparu) ;
 hypothèse extrême dans l'autre sens, certains émettent l'hypothèse que le système manipulerait consciemment le climat afin de maintenir les conditions les plus favorables à la vie, en d'autres termes que le mécanisme serait de type intentionnel et non de type causal.

Quelques biologistes voient généralement cette activité comme une propriété émergente de l'écosystème : alors que chaque espèce poursuit son intérêt propre, la combinaison de leurs actions tend à contrebalancer les effets du changement environnemental.

Les opposants à ce point de vue évoquent plutôt les conséquences de l'activité des êtres vivants ayant résulté en des modifications drastiques par le passé plutôt qu'à un équilibre stable, telles que la conversion de l'atmosphère terrestre d'un milieu réducteur à un milieu riche en oxygène.

Problématique de l'hypothèse « organisme »
Une position plus poussée considère tous les êtres vivants comme parties d'un organisme unique, qui est nommé par eux Gaïa. De ce point de vue, l'atmosphère, les mers, la croûte terrestre seraient le résultat des interventions dues à Gaïa, à travers la diversité coévolutive des êtres vivants. Une partie importante des scientifiques récuse cette position ; toutefois, le point de vue scientifique ne s'oppose pas - au contraire - à son examen.

La forme la plus extrême de la théorie Gaïa considère la planète Terre dans son ensemble comme un organisme ; de ce point de vue, la biosphère terrestre manipulerait de façon « consciente » le climat de façon à rendre les conditions environnementales plus favorables à la vie. Néanmoins la vie est une chose, et la conscience une autre : où trouver un témoignage de la conscience d'une amibe, malgré ses nombreuses autorégulations ?

Aucune preuve ne vient confirmer ni infirmer cette hypothèse ; le problème se complique par le fait que quelques non-scientifiques confondent homéostasie et activité requérant un contrôle conscient, ce que l'examen de n'importe quel thermostat suffit pourtant à invalider.

Il existe des versions encore plus spéculatives de Gaïa, en particulier celles soutenant que la Terre est effectivement consciente ou partie d'une évolution beaucoup plus vaste. Ces hypothèses sont actuellement considérées comme hors du champ scientifique.

De toutes ces hypothèses, Lovelock apparaît se positionner vers le milieu, Margulis étant plus conservatrice.

Malheureusement, la plupart des partisans de cette théorie ne précisent pas exactement où ils se situent sur cette échelle, ce qui rend la discussion et la critique de cette théorie difficile. Ceci est partiellement dû à la confusion existante entre observateur conscient (par exemple le scientifique) et le manipulateur actif (par exemple l'activiste). Beaucoup d'efforts de la part des tenants de cette théorie consistent à éclaircir les différences existant entre les différentes hypothèses. Une vue fréquente voit la théorie Gaïa de Margulis comme faisant partie du champ de la biologie, et la différencie de l'Hypothèse originale. Les gaïens en particulier, se voient comme faisant partie de l'homéostasie de la biosphère - que leur rôle soit effectivement indispensable ou non.

Domaines potentiels d'application

Gaïa en sciences sociales
Un point de vue social de la théorie Gaïa concerne le rôle des humains comme espèce clé. Si les humains agissent pour prévenir le changement climatique global, etc., alors ils agissent eux-mêmes pour assurer une homéostasie.

Gaïa en politique
Les partisans politiques de cette théorie se nomment parfois les gaïens et cherchent à maintenir l'homéostasie de la Terre, lorsqu'ils constatent que celle-ci penche d'un côté de la balance, par exemple pour empêcher les modifications climatiques anthropiques, les extinctions, la destruction des forêts anciennes... Finalement, ils cherchent à coopérer pour « manipuler consciemment le système pour restaurer son équilibre ». Une telle activité « définit » l'homéostasie. Toutefois, pour être efficace, cette activité repose sur la recherche et la compréhension des équilibres homéorhétiques, ne serait-ce que pour trouver les leviers pour intervenir dans un système qui évolue dans une direction défavorable.

Certains gaïens semblent développer une nouvelle théorie, fusionnant les conclusions d'ordre biologique et politique. Ils voient cette idéologie comme une protoscience de l'écologie humaine. Ces idées incluent le fait de voir les humains comme une espèce clé, qui peut agir pour empêcher les modifications climatiques, les extinctions de primates, etc. et maintiennent délibérément l'équilibre dans toute la biosphère.

Les gaïens affirment qu'il est du devoir moral de l'homme d'agir ainsi - action s'inscrivant dans le cadre du principe de précaution. De telles vues influencent les partis verts, Greenpeace et des ailes plus radicales du mouvement environnemental. Certains voient cette activité comme un mouvement écologique indépendant.

Un gaïen ne se demande pas passivement « ce qui se passe » mais plutôt « ce qu'il y a à faire ensuite », par exemple, terraformation, génie climatique ou même à petite échelle le jardinage. Ainsi, des modifications peuvent être délibérément planifiées et conduites, comme en écologie urbaine et en écologie industrielle.

L'activisme politique des gaïens ressemble à celui des  néo-païens comme les Wiccans et autres religions centrées sur la Terre (), ceci découle d'une analogue conception métaphysique de la Planète, et du principe de responsabilité personnelle/devoir d'agir, afin d'assurer une bonne homéostasie, qui est perçu aux yeux des néo-païens comme le flux harmonieux d'énergie-matière-spiritualité entre l'individu et la divinité Gaïa, dans un esprit de communion, réciprocité et égalité.

Débat sémantique
La question de ce qu'est un organisme et de l'échelle à laquelle il est rationnel de parler d'organisme plutôt que de biosphère, peut donner naissance à un débat sémantique.

Nous sommes des écosystèmes dans le sens où notre corps abrite des bactéries ou des parasites, et pour ces derniers, il constitue leur milieu. Selon la conception ordinaire du terme organisme, nous sommes également des organismes. Or, le premier degré d'hypothèse Gaïa revient plus ou moins à affirmer que la Terre est un écosystème, ce qui est une évidence scientifique. Le point de vue qui promeut un être vivant du statut d'écosystème à celui d'organisme peut-il être appliqué à une planète comme la Terre?

L'argument avancé est que ces organismes symbiotiques, incapables de survivre séparément l'un de l'autre, loin de leur climat et de leurs conditions locales, forment un organisme unique et à part entière, selon une conception de l'organisme plus vaste que l'acception traditionnelle. Cette utilisation du terme organisme fait souvent l'objet de débats. Selon cette définition, la théorie avance que la totalité de la biomasse terrestre est un organisme.

Malheureusement, beaucoup de partisans des théories Gaïa ont du mal à se positionner sur l'échelle des théories, ce qui rend la discussion et la critique difficiles. Beaucoup d'efforts ont été faits pour éclaircir ce que sont ces différentes hypothèses.

La théorie originelle formulée par Lovelock et Margulis est scientifique, en ce sens que des expériences ont pu être menées pour la réfuter ou la confirmer. Le modèle du Daisyworld a été proposé pour la formaliser mathématiquement et les recherches sur les cycles biogéochimiques, notamment sur celui du soufre, tendent à la confirmer.

Gaïa et le mythe du futur
Le retour moderne de la Terre-mère pourrait signer l'apparition de nouveaux mythes selon certaines personnes.

Par exemple, le mythologue Joseph Campbell pensait que l'hypothèse Gaïa pourrait être un futur mythe, qui parlerait non pas d'une localité ou d'un peuple, mais d'une planète entière, avec tous les êtres vivants qui s'y trouvent. Le nouveau mythe indiquerait comment entrer en rapport avec la nature et le cosmos, et la société concernée par le mythe serait une société planétaire.

Le mythe de Gaïa est aussi exploité par Isaac Asimov sur une partie du cycle de Fondation. Il en fait un élément de réflexion centrale face à la robotisation des mondes.

Critique du culte de Gaïa

Selon Frédéric Baudin, la protection de l'environnement tend à devenir une nouvelle religion intégriste, inflexible dans sa dogmatique parfois aveugle, avec ses prêtres et ses prêtresses voués au culte de Gaïa et imposant leur diktat écologique sur cette terre et à ses habitants. Cet écologisme tyrannique, enraciné dans l'« utopie verte » visant à « sauver la planète », comme on l'entend souvent, pourrait s'apparenter aux idéologies mortifères, dont on connaît bien les effets.

Dans la fiction
Le roman La Théorie Gaïa (2008), de Maxime Chattam, évoque longuement la thématique Gaïa, surtout sous l'angle de la violence et de l'agressivité de l'être humain.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Écoévolution
 Hypothèse de l'endosymbiose
 Hypothèse Gaïa
 Gaïa
 Loi gaïenne
 cycle biogéochimique
 SimEarth: The Living Planet
 New Age, gaïanisme

Liens externes
 La théorie de Gaïa, sur le site Luxorion


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Home > Newsroom > Top Stories > RUSAL smelters unaffected by Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroplant accident
RUSAL smelters unaffected by Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroplant accident
KRASNOYARSK. Aug 17 (Interfax) - Aluminum plants run by Oleg Deripaska's United Company RUSAL (UC RUSAL) smelters were not affected by a major accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric dam in the early hours of Monday, which local emergency ministry officials said killed at least seven people and injured eight others.
"They quickly received electricity from other regions," RUSAL spokeswoman Vera Kurochkina told Interfax.
Part of the dam caved in and a turbine house was flooded after two sluices were damaged at 8:13 a.m. local time.
The officials said there were no indications of an explosion and that hydraulic impact was the likely cause of the accident.
The main body of the dam is intact.
The power plant supplies electricity to RUSAL's Sayan and Khakas smelters in the immediate vicinity and to the Krasnoyarsk and Novokuznetsk smelters slightly further away.
A source with knowledge of the situation at the smelters said the voltage at the Khakas and Sayan smelters was maintained and that it fell at the Krasnoyarsk and Novokuznetsk smelters after electricity from the Krasnoyarsk and Mainskaya hydroelectric dams was diverted to the Khakasia-based plants, however the smelters are operating as normal.
Ferroalloy maker Kuznetsk Ferroalloys said it was unaffected by the Sayano-Shushenskaya accident. The Evraz Group was not immediately available for comment.
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