text:
Central American and northern Andean Indian
Traditional culture patterns
Modern developments
Dwight B. Heath
Central American and northern Andean Indian, member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting Central America (south from Guatemala) and the northern coast of South America, including the northern drainage of the Orinoco River; the West Indies are also customarily included. Although the area has meaning in terms of the distribution of indigenous cultures and languages, it does not coincide with any named region in a geographic sense, nor does it coincide with contemporary national political boundaries.
Central American and northern Andean cultures, c. 1492The distribution of Central American and northern Andean cultures, c. 1492. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Central American and northern Andean cultures, c. 1982Distribution of Central American and northern Andean cultures, c. 1982. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The area is situated entirely within the tropics, and the seasons are marked more by differences in precipitation than in temperature. Lowlands tend to be hot, but elevation tempers the climate on some of the islands and along the mountain ranges that run through Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. Areas of heavy rainfall support dense forest, whereas a few dry regions support little more than sparse grass.
In archaeological terms, this area is of strategic significance for various reasons. First, as the relatively narrow corridor between the northern and southern continental landmasses, Central America is a promising area in the search for remains of ancient Native American culture. Second, an exceptionally rich and diverse variety of local cultures had evolved in the area by 500 bce. Third, between 1000 and 1500 ce the area was intermediate between the major centres of high civilization in Mexico and Peru.
In this region, unlike much of Latin America, most native cultures did not long survive the arrival of the Europeans, and there is controversy among anthropologists over whether many of the indigenous groups may, by reference to such criteria as language, patterns of beliefs and behaviour, or political affiliation, be justifiably designated tribes. Almost 200 "tribes" were reported in early Spanish documents, but descriptions of most are imprecise.
Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today
Native languages spoken in the area at the time of European conquest were many and varied. Although some historical and structural linkages can be traced with other groups in North and South America, individual languages reflect millennia of relative isolation (see South American Indian languages).
Accounts of the indigenous cultures are fragmentary and based largely on occasional reports by missionaries, explorers, and soldiers. In some instances, widespread and apparently important cultures are represented by little more than archaeological evidence, but it is possible to note a series of characteristic patterns and variations on those patterns that recur in the area.
With respect to basic subsistence, for example, intensive horticulture by the slash-and-burn (swidden) method was general. A variety of crops, including manioc, maize, sweet potato, bean, and others, were staples in various regions. Numerous other vegetables, as well as tropical fruits and sometimes cotton, were also grown in some areas. This form of horticulture was far more efficient than is popularly believed and produced abundant food without enormous or constant effort. In the cultures of this region, unlike many of those in the Amazon Basin, such intensive farming was usually done by the men. Improvements on the basic slash-and-burn pattern have been rare throughout the world, but in this area they included irrigation, and even occasional terracing, by the Antillean Arawak, Arhuaco, Chibcha, Jirajara, Páez, and Timote, all of whom showed evidence of other cultural elaborations as well. In contrast with such highly developed groups, a few cultures in the area were based more on hunting or fishing than on even simple farming; among those were the Antillean Carib, Chocó, Ciboney, and Motilón.
The form and scale of communities tended to be closely linked to economic activities. Those groups, for example, whose subsistence base was fishing or gathering, had the smallest houses and most dispersed settlement patterns in the area. Similarly, the largest and most permanent buildings, as well as the most densely populated villages, occurred among those tribes that had the most intensive and varied food production, including some with highly developed agriculture. The warring expansionist groups, such as the Chibcha and Guaymí, even built palisades around their larger towns, many of which included palaces and temples. Ball courts and large ceremonial plazas were constructed only among the Antillean Arawak, who were unusual in having communities with as many as 3,000 people.
The high degree of regional variation in crafts is probably related to the small scale of political organization, in which regional chiefdoms predominated. The hammock apparently originated in this area and was widespread; little other furniture was used. Houses varied considerably in size and shape, although virtually all had palm-thatched roofs and walls of thatch or adobe. A wide variety of baskets was made, usually by women; bark cloth was made in those few regions where loom weaving was unknown. Clothing was simple, usually comprising no more than a breechcloth for men and a short skirt for women, and few remains of textiles have survived. Most of the Indians adorned their bodies richly, however, with painted designs, tattooing, and a wide variety of jewelry and feathered ornaments.
Nearly all of the peoples in the area made at least some pottery, and a few of the mainland groups produced exceptionally abundant, fine, and varied ceramics. Excellent in their own right, some of these wares reflect styles, media, and techniques from both the Andean and the Mexican centres of high civilization. The same few groups—notably the Chibcha, Chorotega, Guaymí, and Nicarao—carved jade and other stones and worked copper, gold, and several alloys with an unusual combination of technical skill, imagination, and aesthetic sensitivity. Abundant ornaments were made of metal and of precious and semiprecious stones, both for adornment and for interment in the graves of distinguished men, but few utilitarian tools are known.
Overland transportation was by foot, and widespread trade was carried on throughout much of the area without the benefit of either draft or pack animals. Dugout canoes, often of considerable size, provided transportation from island to island and along rivers.
Outposts of the sophisticated and warlike Aztec empire extended as far south as the region inhabited by the Nicarao, where military and commercial operations linked what is now Costa Rica with Mexico. In the south the Colorado and Páez peoples of the northern Andes similarly faced the frontier of an empire—that of the Incas—and carried on trade with the centre of high civilization in what is now Peru. The Chibcha proper (also called Muisca) comprised several feudal states, among whom war and tribute were commonplace, and their fine manufactures of gold, copper, and pottery became widespread through extensive trade. Not only were there regular markets, but in some regions even a standard of exchange (namely cacao) was recognized.
The majority of the cultures of this region, however, were small chiefdoms, in which a single village or a small group of nearby communities was led by a chief whose semidivine position was inherited through the maternal line of descent. Such men were powerful within limited regions, but widespread confederations of such chiefdoms were rare, and warfare among them was typical in some areas. The Antillean Caribs, for example, had been encroaching on the peaceful Antillean Arawaks just prior to the arrival of the Europeans, taking both territory and captives. In general, it was the cultures with more highly developed agriculture that had the greatest degree of political integration, whereas those with the simplest subsistence economies rarely had any organization beyond the local community.
The practice of shamanism for curing and sorcery, as well as the popular worship of natural phenomena, was widespread. In areas of relatively dense population there were full-time religious practitioners who maintained temples dedicated to idols at ceremonial centres. The elaborate and bloody state religion of the Aztec empire extended as far south as the Nicarao region; the Chibcha practiced large-scale human sacrifice; and the cannibalism of the Antillean Caribs also apparently had some religious significance. A trait distinctive of the Antillean Arawaks was the zemi, a triangular carved stone that represented the hierarchically ranked individual guardian deities of each household in the society.
Social stratification varied in much the same way as political organization. It ranged from virtually absent among the nonagricultural Ciboney to fairly complex among the warring tribes that had highly developed agriculture. At most, four classes were differentiated: semidivine chiefs (whose Arawakan name, cacique, has come through Spanish into English), who usually enjoyed considerable power and luxury; nobles (usually by descent but sometimes on the basis of wealth or military exploits), whose prestige and perquisites included little political authority; commoners; and often slaves. The meaning of slavery in this context is somewhat different from the Western tradition of using human beings as chattel. In many instances, women taken in warfare were kept as low status wives or concubines, their children not being slaves. Captive men were usually slain in religious sacrifice, as human trophies, or for cannibalism.
The idea that a man should have many wives was widespread, especially among chiefs and nobles, and descent was often reckoned through the maternal line, but there is no firm basis for popular accounts of female-dominated societies that were given by some early writers. An unusual outcome of the pattern of marriage with prisoners was the use of Arawak as "the language of women" in Carib society, illustrating how a vanquished people can change the customs of their conquerors.
Middle American Indian
Maroon community
Ciboney
Tsáchila
Patángoro
Guaymí
Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
Central American and Northern Andean Indians - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)


Cat Caterpillar Camo Hydration Reservoir -2l – Works perfectly. Good quality, and a great price.
When you need new hiking gear and camping supplies, you're naturally looking for the best hiking backpacks women reviews, this Cat Caterpillar Camo Hydration Reservoir -2l is the best low-cost product you can buy. Many good reviews already proving the quality of this product. The product are in special edition of the company in order to increase their customers. There's a special offer on Cat this week, and buying now can save you a significant amount of money.
I have found most affordable price of Cat Caterpillar Camo Hydration Reservoir -2l from Amazon store. It offers fast and free shipping. Best hiking backpacks women for sale will be limited stock of certain product and discount only for limited time, so do order now to get the best deals. Before you buy, check to see if a product is available online at store, read and compare experiences customers have had with hiking backpacks women below.
All the latest best hiking backpacks women reviews consumer reports are written by real customers on websites. You should read more consumer reviews and answered questions about Cat Caterpillar Camo Hydration Reservoir -2l below.


Question How authentic is Mullah 'Ali Al Qari's book, Al Adab Fi Rajab and can we quote the Hadiths from it?
Is loving cats part of Iman?
Question If a Hadith in Tirmidhi has been declared hasan sahih by Imam Tirmidhi (rahimahullah) but declared weak by contemporary 'Ulama after scrutinising the chain. Which ruling would be given preference to?
The world is a field for cultivating the Hereafter, Hadith?
Status of the Hadith, "Allah curses the Women who sit on saddles"


text:
<?php
class Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_AdminControl extends Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Abstract{
	protected $_user;
	function direct(){
		$front = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();
		$userData=$front->getParam('loggedUserData');
		if (! (isset($userData) && $userData['is_admin']==1)){
			$redirector = Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::getStaticHelper('redirector');
			$redirector->gotoUrl($url."error/forbidden");
		}
	}
}

?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Amazing vintage 1960s ultra skinny black + white tweed coat by I Magnin. Coat features 3/4 cuffed sleeves, notched neckline and attached tying scarf with fringed ends. Fully Lined. Excellent vintage condition.


Pictures Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram DOUBLE DOOR FRIDGE THERMOSTAT Lategan And Van Biljoens Appliance - Collection Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram How To Wire A Fridge Compressor YouTube fridgemaster thermostat wiring diagram Latest Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram How To Replace A Fridge Freezer YouTube Pictures Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram Replacement Colors Terminal Letters How It Pictures Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram DOUBLE DOOR FRIDGE THERMOSTAT Lategan And Van Biljoens Appliance - Electricalcircuitdiagram.club.
Electricalcircuitdiagram.club (https://electricalcircuitdiagram.club) - Pictures Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram DOUBLE DOOR FRIDGE THERMOSTAT Lategan And Van Biljoens Appliance image uploaded on Saturday, December 15 2018 by . this picture size is 840 x 840. to download this image, you can hover on image above then right click and save as.
Gellery Of Pictures Of Fridgemaster Thermostat Wiring Diagram DOUBLE DOOR FRIDGE THERMOSTAT Lategan And Van Biljoens Appliance.


text:
Q: C# SQL Diagram Builder I see there are lots of tools out there provide diagram or GUI tool to create SQL script, I have googled alot, but I am not able to find anything on this.
Can anyone guide me on this?
Many Thanks
PlayKid

A: You can use Visual Studio Express: http://www.microsoft.com/express/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Leading researchers from the Leicester-based De Montfort University in the UK, will be exhibiting their expertise and international reputation for quality, research and innovation to help older people in smart home environments with their project ACROSSING – Advanced TeChnologies and PlatfoRm fOr Smarter Assisted LivING.
ACROSSING envisions an easy-to-use technology infrastructure for assisted living in smart homes through a network of 26 leading European research groups, industry partners and user organisations. The project aims to develop smart home technologies, educate and train ESRs to become future research leaders in assisted living, and create an open smart home platform to increase competitiveness through best-practice.
The ACROSSING network brings together all required knowledge, skills and stakeholders to offer a comprehensive training programme, whilst also focusing on four categories of smart home applications: Assisted living with cognitive impairments, Self-management of chronic diseases, Patient empowerment and citizen engagement and wellbeing, Early risk detection and prevention. Be sure to say hello to the passionate team from DMU at this year's exhibition hall.


text:
Buy Mp3 Music Online / Folger Consort / This England: Music From the Time of Shakespeare
Folger Consort — This England: Music From the Time of Shakespeare
Songs of the Troubadours & Trouveres: Music and Poetry from Medieval France 2008
A Medieval Christmas 2007
A Medieval Tapestry: Instrumental and Vocal Music from the 12th through 14th Centuries 2008
When Birds Do Sing 2008
Alpine Airs: Music of Switzerland, 13th-16th Centuries 2008
Playing with Fire: The Art of the Renaissance Instrumentalist 2008
1 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Singo 1 01:56 $0.15
2 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Stingo 2 01:35 $0.15
3 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Newcastle 01:40 $0.15
4 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Moll Peatly 02:09 $0.15
5 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Nonesuch 00:49 $0.15
6 Dances From the English Dancing Master: Half Hannikin 01:37 $0.15
7 O Mistress Mine 00:57 $0.15
8 Kemp's Jig 01:41 $0.15
9 It Was a Lover and His Lasse 04:14 $0.15
10 My Lord of Oxenford's Maske 02:46 $0.15
11 The Earl of Essex Galliard 01:31 $0.15
12 Flow My Tears 04:41 $0.15
13 Sir Henry Umpton's Funerall 04:57 $0.15
14 La Volto 01:53 $0.15
15 Now Is the Gentle Season 03:47 $0.15
16 La Couranto 01:30 $0.15
17 Sing We and Chant It 02:06 $0.15
18 The Earl of Pembrooke's Galliard 01:45 $0.15
19 Fain Would I Change That Note 02:14 $0.15
20 De La Court 05:35 $0.15
21 Johnson's Flat Masque 01:20 $0.15
22 Have You Seen the Bright Lily Grow? 01:25 $0.15
23 Sir Roger Bacon's Masques 1 01:04 $0.15
25 Pavan 02:02 $0.15
26 Galliard 01:29 $0.15
27 The Cypress Curtain of the Night 04:28 $0.15
28 Almaine: the Honie-suckle 01:21 $0.15
29 The Cries of London 08:42 $0.15

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mark D. Quinto	 Jan 5, 2022
Beginner's Guide to Planning a Cruise – 13 Things to Know
Guide to airline policies as travelers fly
Omicron did not influence the least vaccinated U.S. counties
Mazda MX-30 Electric 2022 review: long-term – living with…
Africa tourism African safari African travel influencer Uncategorized Vacations packages
Adventure guide: from here to there
Mark D. Quinto	 Dec 24, 2021
Skiers and snowboarders board the 2 Green Bus Line at Park City Mountain Resort Transport Station on Wednesday, December 23, 2020 (Tanzi Propst / Park Record) So you chose Park City for a ski…
Away Fan Guide: Burnley
STADIUM ADDRESS Burnley Football ClubTurf Moor StadiumHarry Potts RoadBurnleyLancashireBB10 4BX TICKET INFORMATION Fans are advised not to travel if they do not have a valid match ticket. No ticket upgrades will be available on match day.…
Traveling to Romania: a short guide to the new passenger tracking form
From December 20, all persons entering Romania must complete the Passenger Tracking Form (PLF). The document helps public health authorities to conduct epidemiological investigations more quickly and take the necessary steps to test or…
New York reports record number of coronavirus cases in one day
The announcement follows the cancellation of performances for a number of Broadway shows and decisions by some New York City colleges to cancel certain activities or conduct final exams remotely.In another effort to contain the spread of…
An outside guide to surviving a night at the airport
"]," renderIntial ": true," wordCount ": 350}"> Flight cancellations are a traveler's worst nightmare. And the perfect storm is brewing this holiday season with bad weather, a shortage of airline staff and a surge of travelers…
How conflicting travel guidelines during the pandemic show little progress
HALIFAX, Nova Scotia - In early November, I flew to southern Africa to report a series of stories on the state of the Covid-19 pandemic in the region, including one about the remarkable work underway to stem the emergence of new variants of…
Powerful tornadoes in 6 states kill at least 70
Heavy damage is seen downtown after a tornado swept through the area on December 11, 2021 in Mayfield, Kentucky.Photo: Brett Carlsen (Getty Images)The sun has risen over scenes of widespread destruction from Arkansas to Illinois following a!-->!-->!-->!-->!-->…
what to know before flying with Emirates and Etihad this Christmas
Mark D. Quinto	 Dec 5, 2021
New guidelines have been issued by Emirates Airline to help travelers planning to return home for the holiday season.The disruption caused by the emerging Omicron strain of Covid-19 has raised concerns among travelers as borders have been…
Beginner's Guide to Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB)
This article is written in partnership with MOONTON. If you are looking to get started in a new competitive game on your Android or iOS device, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB) is one of the best titles. The game is a multiplayer online…
Have a travel credit or debit card that you haven't used recently? Check that it will not be…
Specialty travel credit and debit cards offer near-perfect exchange rates around the world, while still allowing you to spend and withdraw money at no cost - although you'll often pay interest on these. However, if you…


text:
PUBG Creator PlayerUnknown Has Now Officially Left PUBG Studios
Brendan Greene a.k.a. PlayerUnknown has left PUBG Studios to head up a new independent development team in Amsterdam.
Posted By Usaid | On 01st, Sep. 2021
Brendan Greene – popularly known as PlayerUnknown is the brains behind the incredibly popular battle royale that kicked off the whole craze and the popularity of the genre. As reported by VGC, Greene has now left PUBG Studios and will be heading his own independent studio named PlayerUnknown Productions in Amsterdam.
PUBG Studios parent company Krafton holds some minority stake within Greene's company, which is currently exploring systems for massive open-world games. Of course, this hints at something related to Greene's previous works such as PUBG – but no confirmed details are known as of yet. There's also a new IP in the works at Greene's studio titled Prologue, which is also mostly shrouded in mystery.
Earlier last month, PUBG's official name was changed from PlayerUnknown Battlegrounds to PUBG: Battlegrounds. A free-to-play trial was also conducted a while before, where player response was rumored to be gauged in an effort to turn the game into free-to-play for the future.
Tagged With: PlayerUnknown Productions, PUBG Studios
Publisher:PUBG Corporation
Developer:PUBG Corporation
Platforms:PC, Xbox One, Androind, iOS, PS4, Stadia
The Pathless is Coming to Xbox Series X/S, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch on February 2nd
The Nintendo Switch will also get a physical edition courtesy of iam8bit and Skybound Games, with more details...


The iconic world-class steakhouse has a stylish new home in Midtown Manhattan. Wolfgang's Steakhouse at The Gotham Hotel in Midtown East offers the classic fare diners have loved for a decade in a cool and contemporary NYC dining space. Top-rated by Zagat as one of the best restaurants in Midtown East, Wolfgang's Steakhouse at The Gotham Hotel offers a distinct dining experience with a "masterfully done" menu, impeccable "old-school" service, and "outstanding" wine selection.
Wolfgang's Steakhouse at The Gotham Hotel in Midtown East proudly serves lunch and dinner, with impressive dining specials and a private dining room available for events.
Perfectly aged Porterhouse, succulent seafood, tender meats, and more. Wolfgang's Steakhouse at The Gotham Hotel offers one of the best American cuisine menus in Midtown Manhattan, along with an impressive wine selection and delectable desserts.


Currently in a ridiculous amount of pain from my behçet's disease i'm only 20, obviously my medication isn't working very well and one part of me is saying relax in bed and the other is saying go to the gym be active like i would like to be but what's the worst is not really knowing what would be better.
ShyAnn A i have it too, im only 14 and life is hell with behcets... but in still trying to live my life!
I live with diagnose Behçet's disease (BD) for 30 years. I control my BD with a special diet, and l take no medication. Check the web for my book BEHCET'S DISEASE/THE DIET SOLUTION.


text:
Property Galleries
Art & the Artist
Interiors & Design
Travel, Food & Drink
Vineyards & Wine
Luxury Market Trends & Research
Price of Luxury
Getting Away From It All: Five Unforgettable Hotel Experiences
January 19, 2022 Steven Short
is Editor of Christie's International Real Estate magazine
When Car Brand Meets Fashion Styling: 5 Special Collaborations
January 19, 2022 Ben Oliver
is an award-winning journalist who specializes in cars and the car industry. He regularly writes for the Mail on Sunday, CAR magazine, and Automobile
Homes with Recording Studios, Music Rooms, and Performance Stages
January 14, 2022 January 14, 2022 Lucy Carsen
Christie's International Real Estate
Space to Play: Design Your Perfect Gaming Room
January 13, 2022 Anthea Gerrie
is a travel, food, and architecture writer, photographer, wine writer, and blogger
Why Greek Wine is Making Waves Across the World
Home to an ancient lineage of grape vines, Greece's new approach to wine is ensuring that sommeliers and oenophiles everywhere are taking note
November 29, 2021 December 7, 2021 Xenia Taliotis
is a regular contributor to Luxury Defined, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, Economia, and Vie
Greece has a millennia-old love affair with wine: as far back as 400 BC, Euripides, the renowned Ancient Greek playwright, and Plato, the great philosopher, eulogized its wonders. And they were right to do so. Greece, one of the oldest wine-producing countries in the world, with a vinification tradition that stretches back 5,000 years, had established itself as a maker of considerable prestige even during their lifetimes.
For centuries, Greek wines were sought throughout Europe, and so, too, were the skills of its vine growers and wine producers. Greece led the way, and in its footsteps followed the regions that would later overtake it, the expanses that we now know as France and Italy.
In ancient Greek mythology Dionysus, the god of the grape harvest and winemaking, created the first grapevines in grief after losing his lover. Image: Getty Images
"Greek wines had a golden age that spanned millennia," explains Caitlin Miller a New York-based specialist in wines and spirits, "but they were eventually surpassed. Revolutions, wars, invasions, infestations of the vine-destroying louse, phylloxera —particularly on the mainland—all took an enormous toll on the industry.
"By the 20th century, the glory days seemed well and truly over," she continues. "Though good wines were still being made by dedicated, passionate makers, they were overshadowed by mass-produced, poor-quality varieties that dominated the market and, sadly, came to represent Greece."
Rejuvenating a Reputation
Antonios Stratakos, head sommelier at the recently opened, gastronomy-led hotel, OMMA Santorini, agrees with Miller. "For many years, most people thought of Retsina when they thought of Greek wine. This pine-resin infused wine was ubiquitous and was what was most commonly served to tourists who wanted to try something local. It tarnished the reputation of our wines for a long time, but about 30 years ago things took a turn for the better. Since then, great things have happened and are continuing to happen."
Related: Discover More Exclusive Hotels and Villas in Greece and Beyond
As well as offering fine dining options and excellent wine choices at its flagship restaurant, OMMA also arranges wine-tasting experiences through Santorini's award-winning vineyards. Image: Courtesy OMMA Santorini
Stratakos describes a unique set of circumstances that began driving the industry forwards and upwards. "We had visitors who wanted to discover excellent local produce, and who were keen to delve deeper into artisanal production. We had some generous EU subsidies. And we had makers willing and able to invest their labor, capital, and love into low-yield, premium production.
"We're seeing the benefits of that now, with our ambassador varieties—Assyrtiko, Xinomavro, Moschofilero, and Agiorgitiko—getting the recognition they deserve throughout the world and awakening an interest in other grapes, too."
About 30 years ago Greek wine production took a turn for the better. Since then, great things have happened and are continuing to happen—Antonios Stratakos
A few kilometers from OMMA is Vassaltis Vineyards, which was opened in 2016 by Yannis Valambous, a former banker who inherited the family vineyard from his father some years before. Valambous, one of many young vignerons who are breathing new life into their own plots—and the industry as a whole—exports about 25 percent of his annual yield to a several countries. Currently his largest markets include the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, France, and Switzerland.
Related: View Incredible Vineyard Homes Around the World
Made entirely from Greece's famed Assyrtiko grape, Santorini by Vassaltis Vineyards has notes of ripe tropical fruits and honeysuckle alongside a maritime salinity and high levels of minerality and acidity. Image: Courtesy Vassaltis Vineyards
Valambous believes that Greek wine stepped back into the limelight when it stopped trying to be a universal crowd-pleaser. "When we highlighted the individuality of our ancient, native varietals, when we allowed the minerality of our soils to come through, and when we celebrated our points of differentiation and our heritage, that's when we started the long walk back to excellence.
"We're racing down that road now, I am happy to say. The Greek wine sector is showing extreme good health, and we now have new consumers who are following us down that path, watching with interest as we evolve and push the bar further and further up."
Wines to Watch Out For
Miller rates the wines of Santorini very highly and attributes many of their unique qualities to the island's volcanic soils. "The terroir produces grapes with high minerality and acidity. Santorini is one of the few places in the world not affected by phylloxera, and so has some of the oldest vines in all of Greece. Many of its wines, including a sweet dessert wine from sun-dried Assyrtiko, have extraordinary complexity and expression."
However, she points out that there are outstanding wines coming from all over Greece and its islands, thanks to the diversity of its terroirs and microclimates. "These are divided into mountainous or semi-mountainous, coastal, continental, and volcanic regions," she explains, "and each is giving rise to a huge range of unique wines."
More than 40 local grape varieties grow on Santorini, where volcanic soils impart a low pH and a pleasant mineral taste to wines that have excellent aging potential. Image: Getty Images
Greece has more than 300 indigenous varieties, although only around 20 are used to make its outstanding wines, with 70 percent of production dedicated to white varieties. But if you are interested in exploring beyond the star grapes, the experts single out emerging reds such as the herby Limniona and rich and graceful Mavrotragano, and whites such as intense and aromatic Malagousia and Monemvasia, full of fresh acidity and citrus. When it comes to dessert wines, those of Samos—of which more than 70 percent are exported—are world-class.
Ancient Innovation
Heritage and tradition are, of course, essential to Greece's wine production, but of equal importance is evolution and innovation. It's this leap forward that Panos Manuelides, founder of Odysea, an award-winning Greek food company that sources its range of authentic products from local and family-run enterprises, is especially passionate about.
"I've never before experienced a more dynamic or exciting time for Greek wine," he says. "In just 20 years, I've seen remarkable progress. Family estates have passed into the hands of younger generations who are using technology to improve efficiency and the quality of their wines. People are experimenting. For example, the Vidiano grape, from Crete, is now being cultivated commercially in other regions, and we are seeing a growing number of boutique wineries that are producing organic and biodynamic wines."
Related: Meet the Movements Spearheading a More Sustainable Wine Industry
At Earth and Sky vineyard in the village of Trilofos, Apostolos Thymiopoulos—one of Greece's leading winemakers—has established a reputation as an expert in biodynamic expressions of Xinomavro. Image: Eclectic Wines
It's a trend that Miller has also witnessed. "Greece is becoming known for its up-and-coming natural wine producers, such as Domaine de Kalathas and Paleokerisio. The latter makes an interesting semi-sparkling orange wine, a variety made with skin-contact, which is now coming back into fashion."
But where should those who are just beginning to explore Greek wine start? "Many of our wines share common notes with more well-known varieties," says Stratakos. "So, for people wanting to find familiarity, I'd suggest starting with a Santorini Assyrtiko, which is similar to a white Burgundy or an aged Riesling, or Xinomavro from Naoussa, which has similarities in taste profile with Nebbiolo."
Banner image: Vineyards in Meteora, Greece. Getty Images
Read More on Vineyards & Wine
A Wine Expert Weighs In: Chablis is Worthy of a Spot in Your Cellar
Port: The Wine Sommeliers Are Sipping on this Winter
Aromatic and Elegant—is Viognier the Go-To Wine for Fall?
Steven ShortJanuary 19, 20220
Ben OliverJanuary 19, 20220
Lucy CarsenJanuary 14, 20220
Anthea GerrieJanuary 13, 20220
5 Designers to Refresh Your Home
"Seven Stones Winery"
Toast to #WineWednesday f
"Mediterranean-Inspired Coastal Villa"
This cus
"Lake Muskoka Hideaway"
The perfect escape in t
"Historic Country Estate in Vaud"
This restored
"Sorrento"
This Victorian residence, built circ
© 1999 – 2021 Christie's International Real Estate all rights reserved.


text:
To 3D Or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Silent Hill: Revelation Ticket
Mack Rawden
Published: Oct. 26. 2012 12:09 AM
Apart from animation, I'm not sure there's a single genre of film better suited to 3D than horror video game adaptations. Even staunch 2D advocates are usually willing to admit there's something to the partnership beyond a shameless cash grab. When executed properly, the extra dimension really can add twenty to thirty percent more terror and make the extra three dollars worth it.
Of course, the can is probably the most important word in that sentence. 3D and horror video game adaptations can go hand-in-hand, but for that connection to really work, there needs to be foresight and competence. The film needs to be made with 3D in mind, and work needs to go into properly executing the vision.
This weekend, Silent Hill: Revelation hits theaters six years after the initial installment scared the shit out of teenagers, video game fans and people who mistakenly walked into the wrong showings. The film is being overtly pitched as being in 3D, but nonetheless, a good percentage of theaters are giving audience members the option of seeing it in 2D. Which should you go with? That's what this column is for…
Yes. If you'd bothered reading my introduction, you would have already known how I feel about adaptations of horror video games. Any genre that regularly contains elements meant to look larger than life or unnatural or those that benefit from objects quickly jutting in a forward direction are naturally suited to the third dimension. It would have been bizarre if Silent Hill: Revelation wasn't made in 3D.
Fit Score: 5/5
Planning & Effort
Silent Hill: Revelation was conceived as a 3D movie. It was shot using flexible 3D RED Epic cameras, and there are plenty of angles director Michael J Bassett takes in order to utilize either the added depth or an ability to propel objects forward. Unfortunately, there's a clear difference in effort level between the action sequences and the people just talking sequences. 3D enthusiasts will likely be impressed with the former and fail to find a single unique or original idea present in the latter. Luckily for Silent Hill, an overwhelming majority of its screen time is action oriented.
P&E Score: 4/5
Before the Window
Of all the horror movies I've ever seen in 3D, I'm not sure there's a single one that tricks the eye into thinking an object is moving toward it less. Silent Hill really doesn't work much "Before The Window", but part of me thinks that's actually an interesting change-up. By reeling back to only a fraction of what you would expect, the film is able to maximize every single one of its "Before The Window" scares. You just don't see them coming; so, when they do, it's more frightening than expected. Unfortunately, "change-ups" aren't exactly the best way to earn a perfect score.
Before the Window Score: 3/5
Beyond the Window
Silent Hill does well with "Before The Window" for a pretty bizarre reason. It contains a ton of scenes with fences, prison cell bars, elevator cages and other partially transparent structures. Thus, it's able to consistently and effectively provide the illusion that audience members are creeping on the scene from just in front of the frame. In addition, there are a fair amount of furniture and other objects the 3D is able to place in the foreground or background to create very believable appearances of depth. For the most part, it feels natural, and considering the hellish, otherworldy settings, that's impressive.
Beyond the Window Score:4/5
I still can't figure out if horror movies have a natural advantage or disadvantage in this category, given most of them are supposed to be dark. Silent Hill is no exception. A solid number of its scenes exist in dark and shady spaces, but luckily many of these contain fire, and the burning embers feel about a 4 on the brightness scale. They're not distractingly dull. Most audience members likely won't notice a difference, but since I'm supposed to be a critical dick in this column, I'll admit I would have appreciated slightly more fiery fire.
Brightness Score: 4/5
The Glasses Off Test
Have you ever watched an HD channel for like an hour and then mistakenly turned on the non-HD version of the same program? That's what this movie looks like without the 3D glasses on during pretty much all of the scenes in which the film isn't trying to scare the audience. Taking your glasses off in the middle of a scene can be a handy way of telling how much 3D is really happening-- the blurrier it looks without the glasses, the better. But apart from foregrounding the occasional image, there's just not a whole lot of 3D going on during the non-action sequences, and as a result, the picture isn't fuzzy. Thankfully, it gets more indecipherable when the scariness is increased.
Glasses Off Test: 2/5
Audience Health
There's a good chance this movie will make you want to vomit, but if you do feel queasy, it won't have anything to do with the 3D. Silent Hill is a mess of sick, perverted and fucked-up thoughts, but the camera is steady enough and the scares don't pop toward the audience very often. Consequently, anyone who has sat through 3D movies before without issue shouldn't have any trouble, at least as far as the cinematography goes. I make no promises as to how you might react to blind nurses with deformed faces in skanky outfits.
Health Score: 5/5
SCORES RECAP
3D Fit 5
P&E 4
Before The Window 3
Beyond The Window 4
The Glasses Off Test 2
Audience Health 5
Total Score 27 (out of a possible 35)
Final Verdict: Silent Hill: Revelation isn't worth seeing for the 3D alone. It's pretty good, but it's not the best you'll see this year. You'll first need to ask yourself whether seeing the film itself is a good idea. If you vote yes, then splurge for the extra dimension. The "Beyond The Window" work is consistently interesting, and the lack of "Before The Window" scares is a unique approach to the horror genre. A few intense actual sequences most definitely benefit from the use of 3D, and since this is how the film was meant to be seen, it's worth the extra money.
How Will You See Silent Hill: Revelation?
WANT TO VOTE?
For more 3D analysis, visit our To 3D Or Not To 3D archive right here.
Mack Rawden View Profile
Enthusiastic about Clue, case-of-the-week mysteries, the NBA and cookies at Disney World. Less enthusiastic about the pricing structure of cable, loud noises and Tuesdays.
television 10M Castlevania: 6 Other Video Games Netflix Should Make Into TV Shows Rich Knight
news 10M To 3D or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Onward Ticket Sarah El-Mahmoud
news 11M The 10 Best Video Game Movies, Including Detective Pikachu Rich Knight
Dec 18, 2020 Greenland 5
Sep 17, 2021 Death On The Nile Rating TBD
Nov 25, 2020 Happiest Season 8
Aug 21, 2020 Unhinged 6
Upcoming Dove Cameron Movies, TV And More: What's Ahead For The Disney Star television
2021 Netflix Movie Release Dates: The Full Schedule Of New Movies Premiering This Year news
news To 3D Or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Jumanji: The Next Level Ticket
news To 3D Or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Spies In Disguise Ticket
news To 3D Or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Frozen II Ticket
news The Universal Studios Rides We Wish They Would Bring Back


Patterned concrete walls by the firm Erwin Hauer. Top three photos show a loadbearing cast stone wall in a church in Erdberg, Vienna, Austria. Architect is Robert Kramreiter. Below are two Standard Hotel lobbies and other projects.
I'm developing a taste for these. There are lots of dinky suburban tract versions of these perforated walls, but when the scale and placement are well thought out, they can be the building's most arresting feature. This collection is a mix of decorative landscaping walls or actual exterior treatments on buildings.
Concrete block and perforated screen fetishists should visit this Flickr pool. The wall above and below is at the abandoned Besser Vibrapac office, a building that served as a display of the company's own concrete blocks. Besser Vibrapac by The Mover, on Flickr. Click on photos to read more.


As soon as a university student graduates, he is faced with the challenge of finding his first job. Most fresh graduates apply for entry-level job positions to start their career. In this regard, an entry-level resume must be procured and submitted to the recruiters to initiate the job application process.
Since you are a fresh graduate, making effective resumes for first job applications may be difficult to procure given the existing competition for the position. You can choose between different resume formats as presented on the templates of this website: the chronological, functional, or targeted resume format which is used for different types of applications.
Applicant's Contact Details – This information pertains to the personal contact information of the applicant that informs the employer on how to reach you.
Resume Objective – This explains the smart goals you have for your career. The employer sees this as a list of your goals and expectations should you be hired by the company.
Educational Background – Your educational attainment is included on an entry-level resume defining the range of your knowledge on the field. Since you are a fresh graduate, your highest attainment would be your college degree.
List of Work Experience – This section provides a list of related work experience. For a fresh graduate, you do not have that much experience, yet but you have definitely undergone internship programs. Use this as your work experience.
Additional Abilities – This includes technical, language, and other forms of proficiency and skills relevant to the job application. Certifications are also included in this section.
Character References – The people you list as references would attest the authenticity of your resume and the information written on it.
Provide genuine and professional information. Honesty can go a long way for you when applying for a job. Maintain professionalism all throughout the resume.
Keep your resume short but concise. Limit your resume to one or two pages. Provide the most important information on your resume in a simple and straightforward manner.
Highlight your strengths and achievements. Most modern resume templates are created with more information of the accomplishments rather than just listing down the job descriptions for each work experience.
Give time to correct resume errors. Proofread your resume by correcting grammatical and typographical mistakes similar to the generic resume templates of this website before submission to the hiring employer.
Creating an effective entry level resume for your job application may give you a competitive advantage even if you are still a fresh graduate. By following these entry-level resume examples and writing tips, you can rest assured that the resume you create will impress the hiring agents and may even land you that job.


No contract, no strings attached, cancel anytime.
Take us for a test drive and find out how Prototypo can help you create one-of-a-kind fonts for your clients.
This one's for you, solo designers working on several projects. Unlock all sliders and unlimited export.
Need a multi-designer solution for your agency or growing business? Your team will love you for it. Contact us for more information.


The Dorado Skirt is the update to your favourite cotton broderie mini skirt. Featuring embroidered co-ordinating broderie, antique gold button detail and assymentric ruffle hem. This playful style will see you through your casual summer events.


text:
The Callum Murray Interview - Stefan Kürten
Having learned to live with its old adversary, pay-TV, how can the EBU withstand the new challenges of a fragmenting broadcasting market? Stefan Kürten, the EBU's director of sport, believes he has the answers.
There was a time, not so long ago, when it seemed that free-to-air sport on television in Europe was destined to become irrelevant, a sideshow, as the European Broadcasting Union, the umbrella body that acquired and distributed sports rights on behalf of its public-service TV members, fought a rearguard battle against the incoming tide of pay-TV.
From its birth, pay-TV had laid claim to live coverage of most top soccer leagues, while top tournaments in a range of other sports, like golf and tennis, were also prepared to sacrifice exposure for rights fees. In 2009, Lagardère, the French media group, even acquired Olympics rights for 2014 and 2016 and headlines screamed that the hallowed games were under threat (despite listed events legislation and the International Olympic Committee's own restrictions on exclusive pay-TV coverage). That incoming tide seemed set to severely undermine the concept of free-to-view sport – and maybe the EBU itself.
But a glance today at the EBU's rights portfolio suggests that those that wrote off sport on free-to-air TV, as they anticipated a pay-TV apocalypse, might have been too hasty. The EBU has rights deals with over 30 federations and 18 sports, including soccer's Fifa World Cup in 2018 and 2022 - and it's in the market for rights for the Euro 2020 European Championships.
It also has rights for: this summer's inaugural multi-sport European Championships; the Paralympic Games in 2018 and 2022; the Tour de France; swimming's World and European Championships; top winter sports events like biathlon World Cups and World Championships, figure skating and skiing World Cups; and a wide range of other World and European Championships for mainly Olympic sports, such as athletics' top-tier World Athletics Series and World Championships in all cycling disciplines.
Artist's impression of the inaugural European Championships in Glasgow
Not, on the face of it, the rights portfolio of a failing organisation. The most obvious gap in the line-up remains the Olympic Games, but this was a conscious decision, Kürten says, in view of the fact that four successive editions of the games, summer and winter (Rio 2016, PyeongChang 2018, Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022) are taking place outside the borders of Europe. Actually, the EBU did bid for the rights initially, but declined to raise its bid as competition for the rights intensified.
Speaking at a London hotel (he's a regular visitor to the UK from the EBU's headquarters in Geneva, in the build-up to the European Championships, which are taking place in Glasgow and Berlin), he says: "All the properties we lost were properties we lost because we decided not to contribute as much money as expected. It's not that the EBU, as a concept, was wrong. Others were prepared to take a big financial risk. Clearly, that was the case with Lagardère – and they had [generated] a deficit."
Lagardère distributed the rights in 40 European countries for the 2014 and 2016 editions, but was forced to book a 'provision for risk' of €22 million ($27 million), with the agency hit by shortfalls in Eurozone countries such as Greece, Cyprus, Portugal and Ireland where the economic decline had severely affected broadcasters.
Lagardère was succeeded by Eurosport and Discovery, which in June 2015 made their most high-profile rights acquisition to date since the US media giant's takeover of the pan-European sports broadcaster, by acquiring the broadcast rights in Europe to the Olympic Games between 2018 and 2024.
The exclusive agreement covering 50 European territories (excluding Russia) is worth €1.3 billion, comprising rights in all languages across all platforms, including free-to-air and pay-TV, internet and mobile phones.
However, Kürten describes the acquisition as a "different concept because Europe will only host once out of four times [Paris in 2024]." Besides, he claims, in Europe, 'listed events' legislation and other factors (the IOC demands that 200 hours of summer Olympics and 100 hours of the winter games appear free-to-air in each territory) have ensured that 80 per cent of the revenues brought in by Discovery has come from EBU members. "It's a proof of the pudding that without free-to-air broadcasters these sports would not survive," he argues.
Kürten's argument is that the market for sports rights can be divided into two: the 'acquisition market', by which he means deals such as those of Lagardère and Discovery; and the 'sales market', which is the one that operates when rights actually get bought by the broadcaster that will televise the event. In the sales market, he claims, "the process often ends up with our members. Acquisition is driven by several motives – other reasons."
The EBU is the most relevant player to allow the widest audience to follow sports events of international relevance and to provide solid adequate financing long term for federations
What does he mean? What motives? What other reasons? The acquisition market, Kürten claims, is being driven by hidden agendas. The EBU, he contends, is "the most relevant player to allow the widest audience to follow sports events of international relevance and to provide solid adequate financing long term for federations. We are not biased or led by non-sports-driven criteria."
On the other hand, he argues, "I see that, currently, vertical and horizontal integration of sports properties in wider business models is seen as very critical to long-term financing. Technical providers are accessing sports content to promote channels. Players from other markets and environments want to use sport as a vehicle to embed properties in a wider business case. I think it's probably a risk for sport. We want to keep interest in sport as the predominant factor, and not depend on other markets that cannot be influenced."
The EBU clearly maximises the combined buying power of its members. But does it ultimately matter whether EBU members acquire rights via the EBU or via third parties, if they end up getting the sports they want anyway, I ask? This question, of course, threatens the fundamental raison d'être of the EBU, so Kürten is quick to quash it, saying: "It matters a lot if they acquire through the EBU or other third parties, because they face certain restrictions [if they acquire rights through third parties], which might not be the best solution. If you look at the Olympics, it's interesting to see that the partner that contributes a small percentage to finance the Olympics [Eurosport] is considered as a key and main partner for such an event. Without free-to-air, these sports would have difficulties in Europe."
Asked if the EBU would be in the running for Olympic rights again if and when the games return to Europe (the 2028 edition is destined for Los Angeles, but at least two European cities are in the race for the 2026 winter games), Kürten says, "Yes, we would bid for rights if Europe hosts," adding that the structure of future tender documents might change, with free-to-air linear exploitation more clearly defined, at least for "certain sports."
Andrew Georgiou: 'The EBU's membership needs to innovate quickly...'
So what is the view of the EBU's former bête noire, Lagardère, on the future of sport on free-to-air TV? Andrew Georgiou, chief executive of Lagardère Sports, tells me: "Free-to-air broadcasters can continue to play a significant role in the broadcasting of sport, certainly in the near term and especially if they continue to enjoy the benefits of listed events regulations in their markets. However, longer-term, the EBU's membership needs to innovate quickly in order to compete with tech giants who are controlling a large portion of the global advertising spend and OTT platforms who are disrupting traditional models. The real question is whether they can find new models and innovations to compete with the new players."
Those listed events rules have traditionally played into the EBU's hands, certainly. But what is their value in a world in which traditional viewing is fragmenting and linear TV viewing becomes increasingly outdated?
Georgiou cites a blizzard of statistics to support his view, including this: the trend away from TV is particularly stark among Generation Zs (born 1996 onwards), according to Trifecta Research, which says:
• 60 per cent of the video consumption of Gen Zs is done via OTT services as opposed to 29 per cent for TV;
• 70 per cent of Gen Zs watch more than two hours of YouTube each day;
• This is in contrast even to Millennials (born 1977-1995), for whom TV and cable still form a large part of their media consumption.
Georgiou continues: "These new market entrants will only become more dominant as they continue to adapt more quickly to consumer trends. And the trends are clear: young sports fans no longer watch TV but are mobile-first; digital-first and on-demand; they aren't prepared (or don't have the means) to pay for content that is not premium or more content than they want; they delete advertising from their lives; and they want customised, dynamic viewing experiences where they are closer to the action and have access to the stats and information that are personal to their passions."
They won't pay, and they don't watch advertising? So that's both pay-TV and commercial free-to-air TV done for then. Sounds like good news for the EBU – if it can only fend off those preying, prowling tech giants.
Actually, the EBU has also been changing the way it works, entering into partnerships with pay-TV broadcasters such as ESPN and Perform's DAZN, the over-the-top streaming service, to acquire and distribute certain properties, sleeping with the (erstwhile) enemy, so to speak, in a way that would almost certainly have been regarded as anathema a few years ago.
We are on the servicing side [already], but we're discussing also on the rights side. We're interested to continue the exchange. Whether highlights or live, we reach a wider audience via our members
Kürten has said publicly several times that the EBU is especially interested in acquiring rights in team sports. "We've seen it with ice hockey," he says. "Certain events could be interesting for a wider audience. It's the same in handball, field hockey, we believe there should be better exposure in rugby and basketball for national teams. Not for the full series, and only in co-operation with third parties, like Perform and DAZN. We can build up interest through highlights. We are on the servicing side [already], but we're discussing also on the rights side. We're interested to continue the exchange. Whether highlights or live, we reach a wider audience via our members."
In August last year, the EBU and ESPN Media Distribution, the media rights arm of the international sports broadcaster, teamed up once again, this time to distribute media rights for the IAAF's major events. The deal followed a similar tie-up between the two organisations and FINA, aquatics' international federation, announced the previous year.
The IAAF agreement covers three editions of the World Championships (2019, 2021 and 2023) and World Indoor Championships (2018, 2020 and 2022) and more than a dozen other competitions in the World Athletics Series.
The EBU is representing the free-to-air television rights to its members across Europe, while ESPN is representing the free-to-air rights across Africa. The two organisations will work together on the sale of pay-TV and digital media rights across Europe.
"It's the same thinking," Kürten said. "We don't claim to be, through our members alone, in a position to cover all sports 100 per cent. But we believe strongly we have to allow the widest access on all platforms to sports. Therefore, any kind of co-operation we will look into to promote them better. All our bigger members cater for most solutions, but other territories are less advanced. The same goes for rights our members are not using. Although they hold them they can go for a tailored approach of specific interest to them, and the remaining parts can go to partners.
The aim, Kürten says, is to partner with those that have "some experience in accessing pay solutions, and have pay contacts." In other situations, it's a case of identifying those that are "more focused on the Asian market." However, there remains, he says, a "clearly defined set of core rights of members that have acquired rights. Then there's the group of territories that, due to no interest or unacceptable offers, is more open to a market sales approach."
The EBU will work together with ESPN to find the best offer for IAAF events in certain territories
In the case of the IAAF rights, he says, the EBU would "work together with ESPN to find the best offer for these territories. We tackle the members and ESPN goes for the non-members. The co-operation is working very well. For both sides it's different cultures, but the first month was very positive for both the IAAF and broadcasters."
Asked if the EBU would seek to replicate the arrangement for other properties, Kürten says: "Yes, we'll replicate it with ESPN and others," pointing out that the EBU is also working with IMG on distributing equestrian rights.
The agreement with world governing body the FEI, which was renewed in 2014 and runs until 2022, includes live, news, highlights, magazine and other FEI programming across events such as: the 2018 and 2022 World Equestrian Games; the FEI European Championships in the Olympic disciplines of dressage, eventing and jumping in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021; and the FEI World Cup Finals through to the 2018-19 season.
IMG is tasked with distributing European rights that fall outside of the agreement with the EBU, plus international rights.
So, the EBU seems to be coming to terms with its old adversary, pay-TV. But what about those tech giants? They're "not a threat" to the EBU, and the kind of sport it seeks to broadcast, Kürten claims, arguing that the tech giants "hunger for more regular content," not the cycle of Olympic sports, in which events "come up every two or four years."
He continues: "Again, the infrastructure [of the tech giants] has to be adapted. It's [the market] currently more national. To get the experience, knowledge, commentary and experts requires a huge investment, on top of the rights. This leads to the question of, 'why the GAFAs [Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon]?' For them today content is free. To pay for it is a complete change of concept - plus infrastructure costs. It might be the case for individual properties, like tennis."
Could rights-holders seek to dispense with all this and go OTT?
What about OTT? Might not rights-holders be tempted in future simply to bypass the traditional (and expensive) broadcast paraphernalia of satellites, uplinking, downlinking, cable and/or broadcast spectrum and aerials and deliver all of their content via the internet? "Good luck with that," Kürten scoffs. "They don't know what they're asking for. To get the same revenues and income guaranteed on a mid- and long-term perspective?
"I don't know the business models of some streaming solutions, although I understand the interest in data [that can be derived from ownership of an OTT customer base]. But if you look at the [viewer] behaviour in sports, it's very conservative. It might change by three or four per cent a year. So, the data, if you have a seven-year contract, it's not a seven-times increase. It's still the same data. I wonder if it's worth paying for seven years to get the same outcome? It can be done far better in co-operation with traditional broadcasters."
This is not to say the EBU is being left behind in the digital revolution, Kürten contends. For example, in the field of social media it's in discussion over "solutions for the European Championships" with Snapchat, the instant photo and video messaging app, which live-streamed content from an Olympic Games for the first time after its parent company, Snap Inc, teamed up with NBC, the US national network and Olympics rights-holder for the PyeongChang games.
Similarly, the EBU could carve out clips rights, for example, for the likes of Snapchat. "We're discussing with Snapchat the possibility that they do the storytelling of individual athletes," Kürten says, "adding that the EBU would only "allow clearly defined access to rights." He adds: "I'm in favour of strengthening relations with newspapers, as well. This is not yet fully covered. When I look at what l'Equipe [the French newspaper] is doing for biathlon, and how they use the online offer with l'Equipe TV, mutual promotion leads to fantastic figures on both sides."
The Amaury Group-owned free-to-air digital terrestrial channel which is also called l'Equipe last year extended its broadcast rights in France to biathlon's major competitions until the end of the 2021-22 season.
"You have to understand these kinds of co-operation will be a new approach to rights," Kürten continues. "Sharing is sometimes better than fully owning and using." However, he cautions, "Exclusivity is still the key. The further away you go from live, the redefinition of non-exclusivity will become relevant. I don't see too many operating models where the business case is operating well without the broadcast media in traditional sports and Olympic sports."
Where there's a threat from social media and the growing appetite for clips, not traditional long-form content, Kürten argues it's the rights-holders, the international federations, that are most at risk. "I see it as a big threat to the commercial model of the IFs," he says. "I've not seen too many of these players willing to throw big sums of money to the IFs. They're asking for free-of-charge access to clips.
If the broadcast model falls apart and federations are hoping for huge increases from future players, they might be disappointed
"The commercial model seems to be still under development. There have been tender procedures which have focused on social media players and there's been disappointment at nobody coming. That goes not just for football, as in the UK [where the Premier League has yet to find buyers for two of its rights packages] but other sports under our responsibility. If the broadcast model falls apart and federations are hoping for huge increases from future players, they might be disappointed."
ESPN has been given clearance by the IAAF to broadcast athletics via its OTT digital player in selected markets. Would the EBU consider creating its own player to give exposure to events in its portfolio in markets in which it struggles to find a broadcaster (as long ago as 2008 it launched Beijing Live, an internet portal streaming coverage of the Beijing Olympics) ? Kürten doesn't dismiss the notion, saying: "We are very much free-to-air driven, and this will be the focus, but I still believe there might be opportunities. The technology is already there. What we are delivering is not only rights, but also a full set of services, a one-stop solution. In this respect we are extremely close to developments. A player solution is technically possible, but the business case needs further study. I don't see a workable business model, but it could only be complementary model in territories where rights have not been sold."
So, what does all this mean for the future of sport on free-to-air television? One senior media consultant, who prefers not to be named for fear of offending clients, says: "TV will prove to be quite resilient versus online, partly because TV will reinvent itself by adopting new ways of viewing. For instance, BARB figures [for UK viewing] say only 56 per cent of TV viewing is of linear channels.
"The reach and viewership of a major EBU member is still bigger than that of the largest online players in that country. Admittedly the gap is closing.
"There are some sports and events that, for a variety of reasons, prefer free-to-air and its reach and have always resisted pay. Likewise, pay broadcasters have tended to focus on season-long key sports (like football leagues) rather than short events (like Olympics or European Championships). There are also listings rules to focus on.
"As pay broadcasters concentrate their budgets further, that has to leave space for others, making the EBU more competitive."
A guaranteed means of infuriating the EBU used to be to drop the forbidden 'd' word: dinosaur. When I ask Kürten if he believes it's shaken off the tag (whether fair or otherwise), he replies equably: "We are a bit 'Jurassic Park', in that we are still alive while lots of players who called us dinosaurs have left the market. We have changed dramatically. In production and technical services, we are providers for the big federations that are defining the next generation of sport.
"We're moving from a pure, member-driven-only approach to multi-dimensional exploitation, with or without rights. When I look at sports and the development of sports, our co-operation with our members allows us to understand the sports, not only their delivery. We are on the edge of what can and should be done to combine free-to-air with new solutions."
Main picture credit: picture alliance
Demand for data reshaping sponsorship decision-making
Sustainability sponsorships: The rule, not the exception


We recently had a client that had a particular idea in mind for what she wanted her holiday swag to look like. This plush snowman kit from craft outlet is so adorable, and was the perfect addition to her Christmas swag. The best thing is she will be able to use it all winter long!


Each year many deserving students at Lower Columbia College are recognized for their hard work and dedication. Congratulations to all of the students who have received an award, scholarship or recognition.
Hall of Honors, established by the Associated Students of Lower Columbia College, pays tribute to one current student who has brought distinguished recognition to the college.
Each spring quarter, LCC faculty and staff recognize outstanding students from their respective field of study. These students are honored at an Outstanding Students Awards Ceremony hosted by the Associated Students.
Also referred to as Honors List. President's list students must maintain between a 3.8 and 4.0 grade-point average. Dean's list students must maintain between a 3.25 and 3.79 GPA.


To find cheaper term life insurance in Auburn University, AL it is important to compare multiple quotes. We can help you do just that quickly and efficiently. Enter your Zip code at the top of the page and the search engine will pair you up with the top-recommended term life insurance providers in your Lee area.
Still, many people's plans to stack money for the future to take care of their families don't always work out the way they want. Considering how cheap these Auburn University, AL term life insurance policies are, you can soon find yourself with peace of mind and nothing to worry about when it comes to your family's financial future. It is easy to forget and think that you will always be around. That's why so many people fail to secure that policy, chiefly.
It's quite easy to get multiple quotes and then choose a policy that fits your needs. As a matter of fact, you don't have to wait to purchase that policy. You just have to do all of your business online and then close the door on that challenge. You will have Auburn University life insurance policy quicker than you think, and no longer will you be ignoring the need.
Getting life insurance policy is one of the most important decisions you will make. A existence insurance policy coverage is 1 of the greatest ways to make certain that your loved ones are taken treatment of if one thing transpires to you. Determining what life insurance policy plan to get can be a extremely tough decision. The subsequent write-up offers advice to assist make certain that you purchase the correct lifestyle insurance coverage.
An insurance policies program is not a buy-it and overlook-it acquire. You will require to revise your insurance policies strategy as things modify in your lifestyle and you get more mature. Modifications in marital standing, getting kids, or reaching retirement age are all causes to overview your prepare and make changes.
Enhance your physical fitness and psychological overall health and give up poor behavior prior to making use of for a lifestyle insurance policy plan. A lot of daily life insurance coverage companies will offer you you a price cut based mostly on your actual physical and mental well being. Using tobacco, getting chubby, obtaining substantial blood pressure and suffering from melancholy, can all increase the cost of your plan.
Never purchase far more life insurance policies than you really require. You want to buy just ample for your family's wants. Buying too much lifestyle insurance means that you are going to conclude up spending a good deal more in rates. Be positive, although, that you never skimp on your insurance coverage and finish up with a policy that won't supply for your loved ones.
Be careful when you see a benefit cap in your well being insurance policy. Although adding a reward cap can tremendously reduced your rates, it may possibly conclude up costing you a great deal much more in the long run. If you have a benefit cap set at $25,000, but have an incident resulting in $75,000 in medical center bills, you will be needed to shell out the big difference.
Talk to your beneficiaries as shortly as you buy lifestyle insurance coverage. Make positive they realize precisely what rewards they get on your dying. Offer the heir will all details of the sum insured, exactly where you have situated the coverage documentation, and all the contacts for monetary representatives they require to get in touch with to make the declare when the time occurs.
Investigation your lifestyle insurance policies plan completely ahead of you sign on the dotted line. Make certain that you are informed of the exclusions, inclusions, special discounts, no payment for death induced by a pre-existing ailment clauses and other phrases of your daily life insurance policies policy before committing to it. With out being aware of exactly what your coverage covers, when you die you could inadvertently depart family users remaining powering in a challenging place.
Get benefit of the accelerated dying advantage alternative if it is presented by your insurance policy organization. This life insurance policies advantage enables the policyholder to obtain a considerable quantity of the loss of life gain of the policy, in the scenario of a terminal sickness. This can enable the insured to use this reward to protect factors this sort of as health care costs, experimental remedies, a vacation, house advancements or nursing staff.
Take edge of the accelerated death gain selection if it is offered by your insurance firm. This existence insurance advantage makes it possible for the policyholder to obtain a considerable amount of the loss of life benefit of the policy, in the scenario of a terminal illness. This can permit the insured to use this benefit to protect issues these kinds of as health-related fees, experimental remedies, a excursion, residence advancements or nursing workers.
Learning how the insurance method works is quite important when dealing with insurance coverage companies. As you can see, it is achievable to have a excellent daily life insurance coverage plan that is both trustworthy and affordable. Follow our guidelines, and you will discover specifically the plan that you want, require, and can rely on.


text:
Up your Instagram game: Building Brand Personality
December 13, 2016Strategy
At this year last time we were going through the legal process of making ourselves a registered Michigan business, setting our own brand guidelines, and landing our first major client. While it felt like a very overwhelming process to set up a business while also focusing entirely on doing work for a client, we pushed through.
One of the most crucial decisions we made during this process was defining our personality. Most successful brands have on thing in common: consistent look, tone, and voice. For us, it really came down to being a brand that celebrated the outdoors, the midwest, and the spirit of adventure. This decision worked its way into our Instagram photos through subject, lighting, and coloring. It's helped us build up the lifestyle side of To The Wolves as well as connecting with clients that have similar interests. There's plenty of individual photographers and brands that are incredibly successful at this.
The first step a brand should take when building a personality is surveying who you are and how you want to be seen. Are you a bourbon brand that wants to be passed around a campfire while stories are being shared? Or, are you a bourbon brand that wants to be stirred into a homemade rosemary-maple syrup enjoyed in a modern speakeasy?
Tincup Whiskey & Old Forester are comparable in quality and price, however they take on two completely different personalities, which ultimately attracts two unique sets of followers online. We're die-hard whiskey fans, specifically heavily-peated scotch, however we always keep a solid bourbon on hand for mixed drinks or long days. When Tincup Whiskey launched, it was really only a matter of time before they became our new go-to.
Building out your brand's personality is one of the first steps in creating brand loyalists. The more people relate to and align themselves with your brand, the more often you'll be their go-to.
Up next in this series: Part II: Social Media Following Strategy
TO THE WOLVES CO.
Midwest Till Death
Hi. We're Alli + Matt.
We're a no-nonsense, hard working team that has massive heart for the midwest, scotch,
and our lab, Piper.
© 2019 To The Wolves Co. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Drunk Man Sings 'Bohemian Rhapsody' in Cop Car: Watch
3/29/2012 by David Greenwald
A man who wound up in the back of a police car after apparent public inebriation has become an Internet star for his woozy rendition of "Bohemian Rhapsody."
In the back of a Royal Canadian Mounted Police squad car and captured on camera, the bearded character flails about holding his glasses while turning in a word-for-word version of the lengthy 1975 Queen anthem. Halfway through, the car stops -- and the singer bursts into the "Galileo, Galileo" section. Later, during the guitar solo, an officer tells him to "calm down." "I can't," he says.
In less amusing related news, Queen's Sonisphere Festival performance with Adam Lambert has been canceled, along with the rest of the UK festival. "It is with very heavy hearts and much regret that we announce the cancellation of Sonisphere Knebworth 2012," the fest's website stated on Thursday.
Sonisphere Metal Fest Canceled Due to 'Challenging Year'
The musicians have yet to announce if they'll team up for a replacement date. Sonisphere was the site of the band's final performance with late frontman Freddie Mercury.


In past, numerous methods have been developed to predict B-cell and T-cell epitopes for designing peptide based subunit vaccine. Aim of these epitope prediction methods is to identify peptides (antigenic regions in proteins) that can acticate or boostadaptive arm of immune system. In contrast no in silico method has been developed to predict peptide that can activate innate immunity; no method for designing peptide based vaccine adjuvants. It has been shown in previous studies that toll-like receptors recognize peptides and can activate antigen presenting cells. It means peptides have potential to act as vaccine adjuvants as they have immunomodulatory potential to activate innate immune system. In this study we called these peptides as A-cell epitopes as they have ability to activate antigen presenting cells (A-cells).
Experimentally validated immunomomodulatory (A-cell epitopes) and non-immunomodulatory peptides were collected and compiled from various resources. We used these experimentally validated peptides for developing SVM-based models for predicting A-cell epitopes using different sequence-based features of peptides. These models were implemented in a web-based platform VaxinPAD for designing peptide-based vaccine.
Following are major faetures have been incorporated in VaxinPAD to faciliate community in designing peptide based adjuvants.
Prediction of A-cell Epitopes: This module allow user to predict immunomodulatory peptides or A-cell epitopes (Antigen presenting Cell epitopes). It also allow users to perform virtual screening of peptide librarries to identify A-cell epitopes.
Analog of Peptides: This module generate all possible analog/mutants of a given peptide (all possible single mutations) and predicting their respective immunomodulatory potential. This module is developed for designing better vacine adjuvants.
Protein Ajuvatns : This option allow users to predict potential protein-based ajuvants. It identify poteintial A-cell epitopes in a query proteins sequence.
DataSet : The peptide sequences that have been experimentally found to be immunomodulatory in literature have been collected and tabulated here in the form of dataset. Each sequence has been linked to a datacard that provides additional information.


Seventy-five years ago today, a sneak attack by Japan's imperial forces rained hell and fire and death down on the sleeping U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. A day later, President Franklin Roosevelt addressed a hastily gathered Congress to tell lawmakers what they already knew: It would be war.
The sudden and debilitating attack pushed this nation, however reluctantly, into a war that would ignite its industrial, agricultural and technological capacities like no other event.
Three-quarters of a century later, all the world still bears its unmistakable imprint. Trade, tariffs, diplomacy and the rule of law — all have been shaped exquisitely by the steady application of American power, power that includes the punch of the armed forces but also the lift of this nation's unique idealism.
Looking back offers us a chance to perhaps see more clearly the importance of nurturing, rather than reducing, our tether to the world at large.
To see Pearl Harbor clearly is no long as easy as it once was, given that so many Americans who were alive that day have already laid down their living burden. But 75 years is not so long ago that we cannot hear its echoes in the stories and memories of our grandparents.
It's worth recalling that it was roughly twice so long ago that another president, also war-weary and heart-sick, addressed a crowd of mourners in Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln called on his listeners to rededicate themselves to the cause for which the dead there had given such devotion — namely that democracy and freedom would not disappear from Earth.
That they and their descendants were so successful in ensuring that it would not, is as much due to what happened after World War II as to any other period in our history.
Roosevelt and this nation committed itself to winning wholly. And when the fighting was over, and the treaties signed, America alone had emerged as a fully awakened super-power, ready to shape the world's playing field to its advantage.
In those early, post-war years, it prosecuted the leading Nazi war criminals, stitched together a war-shattered Europe and rebuilt a defeated Japan.
The Soviet Union would soon join America as the planet's second superpower, but all through the long decades of the Cold War and since, America has endured as the nation on whom the entire free world relies. Earlier this week in Berlin, Secretary of State John Kerry recalled for diplomats there the words of his predecessor Madeline Albright, who once called America "the indispensable nation."
"People do look to us," Kerry said. "They do want leadership. They want to see the way ahead in order to build this better world."
That increasingly interconnected world has not seen another world war. Let us hope that the ties that have built those relationships are nurtured.
Our new president takes office next month, and much about the way he will position globally remains uncertain. We urge him, through his remaining Cabinet appointments and his own actions, to resist the pull of isolationism that has taken root elsewhere, just as his predecessor did in 1941.


text:
Who Is Gwen Singer? Everything You Need To Know About Her
By Joanna Wilson On Jan 20, 2022
Gwen Singer is an Instagram model, social media influencer, podcaster, blogger, and businesswoman residing in Los Angeles, California. Her provocative and daring social media photoshoots have made her a celebrity in the country.
She earned modeling contracts with a host of well-known agencies and brands as a fashion model. She also works as a brand manager for a range of brands. Gwen's social media platforms have a considerable following. Her Instagram account is followed by almost 1.3 million followers.
Singer also works as a podcaster on the side. 'POV WITH GWEN SINGER,' her own podcast, is also hosted by her. On her show, she conducts interviews with a number of well-known celebrities. In addition, she is focused on her modeling profession.
She became well-known in August 2021 after it was reported that she is dating Gavin Rossdale, a well-known British singer. To put things in perspective, the singer is six years younger than Gavin's daughter Daisy Lowe. On Biography Vibe we give you an in depth of her details, like what she likes to do, Her age, height, relationship, nationality and more. Read below to know all about Gwen Singer.
How old Is Gwen Singer?
What is the Height and Weight of Gwen Singer?
Who is Gwen Singer Boyfriend?
What is the Net Worth of Gwen Singer?
Gwen Singer Career
Gwen Singer Social Media Handles
Facts About Gwen Singer
She was born 4th of April 1990, she is 31 years old as of 2022. Her zodiac sign is Aries. She was born in Los Angeles, California, United States and she holds American nationality.
She stands is 5 ft 6 in (167cm) inches tall or 1.67m. She weighs around 127 lbs (58 kg). She has beautiful brown eyes and has blonde hair. Her body measurements are 34-26-36 inches and she wears a bra cup size of 34D.
After her name was linked to 'Gavin Rossdale,' Gwen Singer, a stunning model, rose to popularity. Let me introduce you to Gavin, a popular British singer and composer.
He is most recognized for his work with the rock band Bush as the rhythm guitarist. According to DailyMail, Gavin Rossdale is dating 26-year-old model 'Gwen Singer.'
According to rumors, the singer is six years younger than Rossdale's 32-year-old daughter Daisy Lowe. There is no information on Gwen Singer's prior relationships.
Gwen makes as a professional model and as the host of a podcast. Gwen's net worth is estimated to be at $1millions to $7million USD (roughly). She also uses social media to market various products.
Full Name Gwen Singer
Place of Birth Los Angeles, California, United States
Age/ How Old 31 years old
Date Of Birth 4th of April 1990
Profession Fashion Model, Social Media Influencer, Podcaster, Instagram Personality, and Entrepreneur.
Height 5 ft 6 in (167cm)
Body Measurement 34D-26-36
Net Worth $1millions to $7million
She was born on 4th of April 1990, she is 31 years old as of 2022. Her zodiac sign is Aries. She was born in Los Angeles, California, United States and she holds American nationality.
Gwen had wanted to be a model since she was a child. Singer, according to sources, completed her schooling at a prominent university in her hometown. She started working on her modeling career after that. She is now a well-known model, podcaster, and internet personality in the United States.
Gwen Singer is an actress. Gwen, the popular model, is of white caucasian ethnicity, according to media reports. Gwen is an Omnist who believes in all religions, according to her Instagram account. She keeps a low profile when it comes to her relatives.
After conducting considerable study, we determined that her father (name withheld) is a businessman. Her mother, on the other hand, is a mother who stays at home with her children.
Gwen grew up with her sisters and cousins in Los Angeles. She enjoys traveling to other countries with her friends, according to her Instagram account.
Gwen Singer began her career as a freelance model, according to media reports. After a while, she signed modeling contracts with some well-known agencies. She rose to prominence in a short period of time as a result of her talent and daring modeling photoshoots.
Her hot modeling photos are mostly posted on her Instagram account, which has over 1.3 million followers. Aside from that, Gwen has her own podcast show called 'POV with Gwen Singer.'
Conversations with creators, producers, entrepreneurs, and those pursuing their passions are featured on her show. She is the presenter and host of her own podcast show.
Instagram gwensinger
Twitter __
Gwen Singer has also worked with a number of notable models.
She likes the fictional character Tomb Raider a lot, according to her Instagram.
On her Instagram account, she also has a photo of herself dressed as Tomb Raider.
With her friends, the singer enjoys exploring new places.
You May Also Like: Who Is Gwen Rachel? Everything You Need To Know About Her
Who Is Gwen Rachel? Everything You Need To Know About Her
Who Is Priscilla Morales? Everything You Need To Know About Her


text:
Which Movie Does Gwen Stacy Die In?
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012)
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014)
Spider-Man: The New Animated Series (2003)
The Spectacular Spider-Man (2008)
Ultimate Spider-Man (2012)
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019)
We all know that Gwen Stacy died in The Amazing Spider-Man 2, but do you know which movie it was? This blog post will tell you everything you need to know about Gwen Stacy's death in the comics and in the movies.
In the 2012 film, The Amazing Spider-Man, Gwen Stacy (played by Emma Stone) dies after being thrown off a bridge by the Green Goblin (played by Dane DeHaan). Spider-Man (played by Andrew Garfield) tries to save her with his webbing, but she hits her head on a lamp post and dies.
Gwen Stacy dies in The Amazing Spider-Man 2, which was released in 2014. In the movie, she is killed by the Green Goblin, who throws her off a bridge.
In the movie Spider-Man 3 (2007), Gwen Stacy dies after being impaled by the Green Goblin.
In Spider-Man: The New Animated Series (2003), Gwen Stacy is killed by the Green Goblin during a battle between the two.
In The Spectacular Spider-Man (2008), Gwen Stacy dies after she is thrown from the Brooklyn Bridge by the Green Goblin.
In the 2012 television series Ultimate Spider-Man, Gwen Stacy is a significant love interest for Peter Parker. The two eventually begin dating, but their relationship is complicated by Gwen's father, Captain George Stacy, who is distrustful of Spider-Man.
In the season one finale, "The Death of Spider-Man", George Stacy sacrifices himself to save Peter and Gwen from Doctor Octopus. Enraged, Spider-Man seeks out Doctor Octopus and defeats him. In the aftermath of the battle, Gwen mourns her father's death.
In the 2002 Spider-Man movie, Gwen Stacy dies after she is thrown off a bridge by the Green Goblin.
Gwen Stacy dies in Spider-Man 2, which was released in 2004. This was the first Spider-Man movie to be directed by Sam Raimi, and it starred Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker/Spider-Man. Kirsten Dunst played Gwen Stacy, and she died in the arms of Spider-Man after being thrown off a bridge by the Green Goblin.
In the 2017 film Spider-Man: Homecoming, Gwen Stacy (played by Laura Harrier) appears as a student at Midtown School of Science and Technology who is romantically interested in Peter Parker. However, in the film's climax, Gwen is killed by the Vulture (played by Michael Keaton), dying in Parker's arms.
Gwen Stacy does not die in Spider-Man: Far From Home. However, she does come close to death when she is caught in the crossfire of a battle between Spider-Man and Mysterio. Luckily, Spider-Man is able to save her and she goes on to live a long and happy life.
Why Are Real Guns Used In Movies?
Where Was The Movie Bait Filmed?
Where To Watch The Movie The Father?
Why Is 1984 Movie Rated R?
How Much Is Movie Tickets?


text:
Probalinthus or Probalinthos () was a deme of ancient Attica, one of the Attic Tetrapolis (along with Marathon, Tricorythus, and Oenoe) located in the plain of Marathon. Probalinthus to the phyle Pandionis.

The site of Probalinthus is located southeast of modern Vrana.

References

Populated places in ancient Attica
Former populated places in Greece
Demoi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are unfortunately no special offers available for public proposal at the moment.
However, please do feel free to call or email us as indicated below to find out if we are able to suit any specific or unusual needs you may wish to submit.
We'll be happy to study your case and do our best to help you!


text:
g United States Edition
White Papers/Webcasts
Brandposts
CIO 100 Awards
CIO Digital Magazine
CIO Leadership Live
CIO Think Tank
Vendors and Providers
Data Analytics & AI
How to track employee well-being as a KPI
Healthy organizations start with healthy employees. The good news is that there is a way to measure well-being like any other key performance indicator.
By Sharon Florentine
Senior Writer, CIO Feb 6, 2017 6:04 am PST
The health and well-being of any organization starts with its employees. Companies that understand this and devote time, energy and money toward programs and initiatives that support employee well-being will have a competitive advantage over those that don't, says Karen Williams, chief product officer at workforce management software company Halogen Software.
However, you can't gauge what you can't measure — so how can you measure something as nebulous as well-being? And do you even have to?
Don't get caught in a dead end: Avoid these IT jobs bound for extinction and learn the 16 most-wanted traits of indispensable IT pros.
"The key reason you want to be focused on your employees' wellness and well-being is engagement. A 'well' organization has 'well' employees. Focusing on well-being has a significant impact on your employees, and that leads to better business outcomes for your company," Williams says.
And. yes, well-being and wellness absolutely are metrics that should be measured, if for no other reason than to show C-level executives the correlation between well-being and better outcomes, says Henry Albrecht, CEO at health and wellness technology company Limeade.
"Do you even need to measure this? Well, I'd say if you're meeting with the Dalai Lama, then no. But if you're meeting with a business leader, or a CIO, those folks don't get paid just to do things that feel good. You have to come armed with data and measurable results that they can see," Albrecht says.
[ Related story: 7 ways to ease stress at work ]
Defining 'happy'
Before you can measure these intangibles, though, you have to be able to define them, says Williams. Happiness in the workplace is something everyone strives for, but how do you go about defining happiness, or well-being, or wellness?
"We think of it as how positive someone feels that they'll be able to accomplish a goal and feel good about it. It breaks down to their contributions plus their satisfaction in making that contribution. So, managing to capture how happy your employees are can help you identify what's impacting them positively and negatively and how to address that," Wiliams says.
The most straightforward way to do this is to simply ask your employees for their feedback; ask them how they are feeling both overall and with regard to specific aspects of their work life, Williams says. Surveys, town hall meetings, requests for honest feedback can all be helpful in measuring and managing well-being, but that requires a transparent, honest and open culture where people feel free to share these kinds of things, she adds.
[ Related story: How to increase employee retention with 'stay' interviews ]
But if you're not quite there yet, there are other ways to monitor and measure employee sentiment and extrapolate from that to determine the success or failure of well-being programs and wellness initiatives, Williams says.
"One of the newest, hottest technologies to do this is sentiment analysis. And you can perform sentiment analysis on anything that is written; whether you're monitoring blogs, tweets, Facebook pages, collaboration apps, the whole idea is to gauge the sentiment behind what's written to, from and by your employees and to measure their engagement with these written forms of communication," Williams says.
You can drill down within these findings to determine how individuals are responding to certain changes, initiatives, programs and the like, and you can 'zoom out' to see how sentiment is faring by department, she says.
It may seem a bit too intrusive; Big Brother watching over your Slack channels and your venting to co-workers about the latest policy change, so there's a fine line to walk, Williams says.
"The idea isn't to pick on one person for sending a disgruntled email, either, it's much broader. It's well within most organizations' rights to monitor email and other written communication mediums, but this kind of monitoring has to be done with a light hand and with an eye toward transparency, openness and honesty. You want to focus on high-level sentiment, broad and general information gathering with the express purpose of assuring your employees' continued happiness and well-being," she says, not to weed out and punish dissent.
[ Related story: 8 tips for organizing your workspace ]
Hard data
Another way to measure sentiment is by tracking usage and participation data, Williams says. In the same way wearables can track activity and gauge overall health and fitness, gathering this kind of data can give you a good sense of the well-being of your workforce.
Basic wellness metrics like the number of participants, how many employees currently have primary care physicians and access preventative care as well as how many participate in specific programs are all valuable data points, Albrecht says.
"The amount of activity your employees engage in can be indicative of larger well-being trends, and can point to correlations with happiness and well-being. People who are happier and healthier tend to be more engaged, and the reverse is also true: a higher level of activity could lead to better feelings and better happiness," she says.
And tracking habits — how many people repeatedly take part in wellness and well-being activities — can bolster these metrics, Albrecht says. Organizations can also include self-reported well-being metrics such as whether or not their employees feel they are living and working with purpose, how stable they are emotionally and financially, as well as offer the potential to include biometric data like blood glucose, stress levels and the like, he says.
"We would also consider workplace metrics like sick time used, turnover rates, the amount of overtime used, insurance data – this is important not only in terms of financial cost, but in the costs to the business of sick or otherwise unwell employees in the workforce," Albrecht says.
These can all be tied back to business metrics and outcomes, which can prove the point to leadership about the benefits of a well workforce, he says.
"Business metrics like customer experience, or same-store sales year-over-year, or in IT, things like software releases — tracking these in correlation with wellness can help satisfy human resources as well as reach the CFO and CEO with metrics that are tied to business results. Well-being means an engaged workforce, and an engaged workforce means better business outcomes," he says.
In the future, Albrecht says employee engagement as it relates to well-being will be the only metric CEOs will worry about. As organizational support for well-being increases, workforce management will evolve to focus on that as the number-one gauge of an organization's health.
"Engagement will give way to employee well-being; that's a higher-order concept on the hierarchy of needs. If you do a great job at well-being, you won't have to put so much effort into engagement and other workforce management initiatives — it'll take care of itself," he says.
Next read this
Top 9 challenges IT leaders will face in 2023
8 top priorities for CIOs in 2023
5 hot IT hiring trends — and 5 going cold
The 7 new rules of IT leadership
8 'future of work' mistakes IT leaders must avoid
10 IT resolutions for 2023
5 ways CIOs will disappoint their CEOs in 2023
The 15 most valuable IT certifications today
The 10 biggest issues IT faces today
What IT will look like in 2025
8 secrets of successful IT freelancers
Author: Sharon Florentine, Senior Writer
Sharon Florentine is a senior writer for CIO.com, covering career development, IT management, training, and diversity.
Recent stories by Sharon Florentine:
7 signs you're ready to hire a career coach — and 3 signs you're not
Top 15 project management certifications
7 Leadership Tips for Women Tech Executives
The world's largest enterprises use NETSCOUT to manage and protect their digital ecosystems. Learn how—and get unstoppable.
Do you have what it takes to be a Transformative CIO? Learn what IT leaders are doing to integrate technology, business processes, and people to drive business agility and innovation.
dtSearch® - INSTANTLY SEARCH TERABYTES of files, emails, databases, web data. 25+ search types; Win/Lin/Mac SDK; hundreds of reviews; full evaluations
The voice of IT leadership
About AdChoices
More from CIO
Blogs/Opinion
Explore the Foundry Network + ComputerworldCSOInfoworldNetwork World