text:
Russia Stuff And Our Corrupt Rulers
This is all very depressing to see--the utter mendaciousness of our ruling class: elected representatives of the American people, appointees, the military establishment, the intelligence community, and last but far from least, the media. The corruption is so sweeping that you're left almost breathless. And they're utterly feckless, to boot.
Let's start with Gilbert Doctorow--Bombast From Washington: Joe Biden's Russia Sanctions. Doctorow first explains that nobody who understands the current shape of the world is taking those sanctions seriously. Putin himself is obviously unfazed. The DC armchair imperialists have crossed a red line, and Putin has responded--as Doctorow explains in a Postscript to his original article:
The Russian counter measures have now been announced and they appear to be even more severe than what Biden imposed on them. While they have not ordered the US Embassy to close, they have done far more than expel a matching number of American diplomats. They have revoked a 1992 agreement with the United States on free movement of their diplomats around the Russian Federation; they will now be limited to 25 miles, as in the days of the Soviet Union. They are now prohibiting the US diplomatic missions to hire Russians or third country nationals to work for them; this will immediately hobble the activities of the diplomatic missions in every dimension.
At the same time, the Russians are ordering the closing of US Government sponsored NGOs and foundations, which they say are conducting subversive activities on Russian soil, read "meddling." And they have issued a list of former and present US government officials who will be barred entry to the RF. These include the US Attorney General, the heads of US intelligence agencies and notorious Russia-bashers Susan Rice and John Bolton. Moreover, they have publicly recommended that the US ambassador to Russia go home for extended consultations, effectively decapitating the embassy and winding down its work.
The very severity of the Russian response suggests to me that they have cleared the decks for a possible summit on equal footing. Furthermore,to avoid any confusion in Washington about negotiations proceeding from a "position of strength" the Russian Ministry of Defense has announced today the transfer of Army units from the Northern Caucasus to Crimea for very extensive military training exercises, further expanding the Russian military pressure on Ukraine and its backers in Washington.
Meanwhile, the US Senate approved a prime author of our failed Russia policy--dating back to the US overthrow of the Ukrainian government--to a key policy post at the State Department:
Victoria Nuland skates through Senate confirmation hearing without being asked about her role in the Steele dossier saga.
Republicans didn't even ask her about it. https://t.co/JqeK8E8q71
— Chuck Ross (@ChuckRossDC) April 16, 2021
Unfortunately, this is for real--even though it would seem to defy even parody. However, Tucker Carlson gets the whole situation tone perfect in the following monologue, capturing perfectly our rulers' total indifference to truth, justice, and the America Way--as well as to a rational foreign policy that serves American interests. What does the American public think of our rulers overthrowing Ukraine's elected government, and then repeatedly provoking Russia? Few Americans are aware of these realities, and it's not as if the NYT or any other MSM outlet is keeping Americans informed on this or related topics. However, the Deep State cares--deeply. And that's why President Trump had to go, replaced by a demented Swamp creature.
Tucker also demonstrates exactly what President Trump was up against, in excruciating detail--including from Republicans. Macgregor, for his part, is scathing:
Tucker Carlson with Col. Douglas Macgregor on the Russian Bounty Story and US Hostility Against Russia
After you watch that indictment of our rulers, consider this article from last summer that emailer Jim sent me as a reminder several days ago:
SENIOR U.S. INTELLIGENCE OFFICIAL DIED BY SUICIDE IN JUNE
Anthony Schinella, the national intelligence officer for military issues and a longtime CIA official, killed himself at his home.
Matthew Cole, James Risen
August 26 2020, 7:47 p.m.
ONE OF THE nation's highest-ranking intelligence officials died by suicide at his home in the Washington, D.C., area in June, but the U.S. intelligence community has remained publicly silent about the incident even as the CIA has conducted a secret investigation of his death.
Anthony Schinella, 52, the national intelligence officer for military issues, shot himself on June 14 in the front yard of his Arlington home. A Virginia medical examiner's report lists Schinella's cause of death as suicide from a gunshot wound to the head. His wife, who had just married him weeks earlier, told The Intercept that she was in her car in the driveway, trying to get away from Schinella when she witnessed his suicide. At the time of his suicide, Schinella was weeks away from retirement.
Soon after his death, an FBI liaison to the CIA entered Schinella's house and removed his passports, his secure phone, and searched through his belongings, according to his wife, Sara Corcoran, a Washington journalist. A CIA spokesperson declined to comment for this story.
As NIO for military issues, Schinella was the highest-ranking military affairs analyst in the U.S. intelligence community, and was also a member of the powerful National Intelligence Council, which is responsible for producing the intelligence community's most important analytical reports that go to the president and other top policymakers.
The National Intelligence Council is now under the control of the Director of National Intelligence, and has recently gained greater public prominence as its analytical work has been caught up in political controversies surrounding the Trump administration, including this summer's public firestorm over intelligence reports about Russian bounties to kill American troops.
On June 26, the New York Times reported that Russia paid bounties to the Taliban to kill American soldiers in Afghanistan, and President Donald Trump quickly faced criticism for having failed to do anything in response to protect American troops. Within days, the National Intelligence Council produced a memo that claimed that the intelligence about the bounties wasn't conclusive. While the memo was not made public, it was quickly picked up in the press and seemed designed to placate Trump by raising doubts about the original news story about the Russian bounties. The NIC memo appears to have been generated at the urging of John Ratcliffe, the former Republican Texas congressman and Trump supporter who became director of national intelligence in May.
But at the time that the memo became public through press reports, there was no mention of the fact that the national intelligence officer for military issues — the one member of the NIC who should have had the most input into the analysis concerning military operations in Afghanistan — had killed himself just days earlier. ...
After his death, Schinella's wife discovered a large collection of bondage and S&M gear that had been hidden in his house, along with 24 guns and thousands of rounds of ammunition. His wife said that one of Schinella's CIA colleagues contacted her recently and said the CIA has completed an investigation into Schinella's death, but didn't provide her with any details.
I have no idea how or whether any of this connects. It does offer, however, an interesting insight into our Deep State.
Posted by mark wauck at 12:59 PM
Labels: Deep State, Russia
Care to elaborate?
-USMCing you
"It does offer, however, an interesting insight into our Deep State."
It does indeed - they're a bunch of tyrannical maladjusted sickos.
Wonder if it was really suicide or if he was "suicided"?
Boarwild
Rich April 17, 2021 at 2:16 PM
I made the pointing a previous comment a few days ago that Biden's sanctions were a joke. Bit us right on the ass, I see.
OT I know but....RE: the previous post from Marc. I also made a comment about Durham possibly being the last hope to preserve our republic. I thought I was being sarcastic in pointing out the irony that someone from the deep state might actually be helping to get to the truth of all of this but....one more question about Durham - why is he supposedly still working on his original charge? Why keep up the facade and for how much longer? We are all waiting for the 'no harm, no foul' rule to be invoked, so what is the hold up?
Mike Sylwester April 17, 2021 at 3:32 PM
The BookTV interview of John Brennan is worth watching. Brennan was interviewed by NYT national-security reporter Julian Barnes. An interesting passage follows:
Barnes:
Were you disregarding more experienced Russia experts and siding with more junior Russia experts? Is that what was going on here? What was the dynamic within the [CIA's] Russia Mission Center about this?
Brennan:
I have seen two [CIA] officers who raised their hands [to object]. They thought it [the assessment that Russia meddled in the US election] should be at a lower lever of competence [reliability]. In my conversation with them, it was apparent to me .... they had not really read all of the intelligence that I had read, because I was reviewing this information for quite some time .... I wasn't disregarding [their objection] at all. That's why I spent 30 minutes in my office with the two of them, and we talked through it. I encouraged them to go down and talk with the [assessment's] authors ....
Brennan did not address Barnes' (probably well informed) insinuation that the assessment was written by junior analysts against the judgment of more experienced analysts. Brennan indicated that he himself personally read all the raw intelligence before it reached the junior analysts. In this situation, Brennan was able to influence the junior analysts who wrote the assessment.
I think that the two senior analysts wrote an objection to the assessment that the junior analysts wrote. This objection is a document that should be declassified and released to the public, but the declassification has been blocked.
The assessment that Russian Intelligence meddled in the US election is based heavily on CrowdStrike's finding that the DNC computer contained viruses that had been developed by Russian Intelligence.
For the FBI, that finding was supported by the Dossier and by the allegations of former KGB officer Yuri Shvets that the KGB had recruited Donald Trump.
For the CIA, that finding was buttressed by reports from Oleg Smolenkov that Russia's Presidential Administration managed an effort to meddle in the election.
I have come to think that CrowdStrike indeed did find such viruses, which indeed were developed by Russian Intelligence. In other words, I have come to think that CrowdStrike acted honestly.
However, I have come to think that the virus was put onto the DNC computers by an American computer expert who supported Bernie Sanders and who probably worked for NGP VAN, a company that managed databases on the DNC computers.
That American computer expert later pretended to be Guccifer 2.0, a supposed Romanian hacker. In an e-mail interview, this Guccifer 2.0 indicated that CrowdStrike completed its investigation of the DNC computer system and rebooted that system on June 12, 2016. Because of that reboot, Guccifer 2.0 lost his control of the DNC computer system.
How would a Romanian hacker or Russian Intelligence know that the DNC computer system was rebooted on that date?
The Crowdstrike CEO (linked to the warmongering Atlantic Council and Clinton) admitted there was zero evidence.
https://twitter.com/Rothbard1776/status/1345802961214124033?s=20
https://twitter.com/KimDotcom/status/1259670706108825601?s=20
Mike Sylwester April 17, 2021 at 10:41 PM
Zero evidence that there were computer viruses on the DNC computers?
Zero evidence that those computer viruses had been developed by Russian Intelligence?
That in not what he "admitted". Rather there was not any evidence that the computer viruses -- which indeed were there and which indeed were associated with Russian Intelligence -- sent any information out of the computers.
Captain Hate April 17, 2021 at 4:30 PM
That Biden interview by Gerbilopoulous that Tucker had an excerpt of looked and sounded like something edited out of Doctor Strangelove.
There is zero evidence that Russia meddled in the 2016 election. There is evidence, however, that Hillary Clinton enlisted the help of the Ukraine to interfere on her behalf.
https://www.ft.com/content/c98078d0-6ae7-11e6-a0b1-d87a9fea034f
Evidence suggests the emails were obtained from the DNC server through a local leak, and not a hack:
The speed of data exfiltration was 20 mb/s (USB 2.0). The leak was local.
https://thenation.com/article/a-new-report-raises-big-questions-about-last-years-dnc-hack/
https://consortiumnews.com/2017/07/24/intel-vets-challenge-russia-hack-evidence/
Zero evidence that Kilimnik gave data to Russia.
Check out this journalists twitter feed for good Russiagate coverage:
https://twitter.com/aaronjmate/status/1383460018050109442?s=20
https://www.realclearinvestigations.com/articles/2019/08/01/here_are_5_big_holes_in_muellers_work_119790.html
Brennan: the Russiagate psyops surely goes directly to Brennan, Obama, Biden, Rice, Comey, etc.
Just a reminder that the Brennan CIA's Operation Timber Sycamore gave billions to "moderate rebels" aka Al Qaeda jihadis (knowing at the time they were jihadis).
Trump campaigned on ending Obama's Syria regime change and that made him an immediate target.
Trump did finally end that program.
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/middleeast/cia-syria-rebel-arm-train-trump.html
Nuland: besides working with Biden in 2014 to topple the democratically-elected pres Yanukovych of Ukraine, Nuland is tied to the Steele Dossier.
https://twitter.com/JudicialWatch/status/1138814601552941056?s=20
https://www.realclearinvestigations.com/articles/2020/07/24/meet_steele_dossiers_primary_subsource_fabulist_russian_at_us_think_tank_whose_boozy_past_the_fbi_ignored_124601.html
Ray - SoCal April 17, 2021 at 6:45 PM
This is mind blowing...
> Schinella's wife discovered a large collection
>of bondage and S&M gear
Be interesting the comments of his first wife. If only we had more real reporters.
AmericanCardigan April 18, 2021 at 7:57 PM
That could have been "planted" there by the CIA or others. I don't read anything into that.
Anthony Ming Schinella wrote a book published by the Brookings Institute.
Half Chinese.
Spent a lot of time in the Middle East, I think Bahrain. I would not be surprised if he was single while there.
My guess is there is a Gay Scene in Bahrain.
S&M equipment
Recently married
Weeks away from retirement.
And commits suicide.
Why would a cia operative have ptsd?
Sounds like there is a lot more to this than meets the eye.
mark wauck April 17, 2021 at 7:48 PM
Yeah, it smells wrong.
devilman April 17, 2021 at 8:18 PM
Victoria Nuland, not a single rebuttal or question to her prior sketchy activities during the Senate confirmation hearing.. Ain't that grand?
Schinella, I totally missed that when it happened!!! The bondage gear doesn't rattle me, freaks are abound everywhere. That's a typically closeted fetish to begin with.
His career path and the timing however is interesting.
I would love to have known the context of the domestics. Something went sideways there.
I'd like Ted Cruz to answer for taking a powder on grilling Nuland. This is another case where he came up short, continuing a disturbing pattern.
Good point. It is a curious thing. We have a class of swamp creatures like Romney who are clearly all in for the Uniparty. Then we have someone like Rand Paul or Hawley who seem lonely outsiders, the proverbial voices in the wilderness. Then we have people like Cruz who seems to play both ways.
A pure guess is that the Uniparty finds it useful to have people like Cruz and others like Taylor-Greene giving the appearance of debate and dissent as long as it never goes anywhere. Which it never does.
-Dispaccio
@ CH and Dispaccio,
Part of what has me raising eyebrows at Trump's "party within a party" take over plan is the lacking of explanation. It's seems to me more of a guise to confuse the snot out of voters and leads right back to "vote republican".
The tea party darlings, Cruz, Ryann, Rubio, Gowdy, etc apparently taught the majority nothing.
I smell revenge, not an honest attempt at doing the right thing.
One thing is for sure, the right is inept at making up it's mind about politicians.
@dm
Who knows? I think there are enough people disappointed that Trump seemingly gave up to Biden that he will never regain the influence he had going into November 2020. That's not to say he doesn't have alot of influence still, or more precisely, more than any, other GOP politician right now, but it's not the same thing. He had a moment there, a chance to do anything. I doubt he realizes how he squandered that capital. Absent some truly unexpected event, I suspect Trump's reach will continue to degrade as people get increasingly cynical about electoral solutions and the Regime gets increasingly tyrannical.
-Pie in the Skype
TexasDude April 18, 2021 at 7:41 PM
Thing is Pie, what was he to do?
He never conceded.
Other than declaring martial law and forcing a revote, what was he to do?
A number of obvious and not-so obvious choices by the Republicans on the Senate Intel Committee re; Nuland.
1) No chance in hell to shut the confirmation down.
2) Possibility that she may be the only "semi-senile, mature" person at the State dept... God help us.
3) She's not a Russia/Putin fan and she may support moves that actually blow the lid of the Zhou administration as foreign relations continue to sour.
4) Her husband is a war monger and may keep a bug in her ear regarding Russia... hence choice No. 3.
Captain Hate April 18, 2021 at 11:12 PM
I wish he'd get involved in the Ohio race to replace Portman so one of the avowed MAGA candidates could drop out and primary DeWine, who apparently believes he's responsible for sending state highway patrol officers to Minneapolis.
Ray - SoCal April 19, 2021 at 12:04 AM
I am amazed at how out maneuvered Trump was.
I don't think he was left with any alternative. Martial Law I don't think would have worked, there would have been a successful impeachment.
And the degree and scale of corruption, blind eye, back stabbing betrayals that allowed the steal still astonish me. And I think there are still a lot of unknown unknowns that helped steal the election, we don't know about yet.
@ Tx
That IS the question isn't it? What could he have done differently?
We can speculate and game out different scenarios all we like but to what end? The fact remains that the Constitution was not just violated but, pardon the expression, gang raped. He swore an oath of office to protect and defend etc...foreign and domestic. Kind of like the oath that members of the military take, yes? I agree, Congress would've moved to impeach in a heartbeat. Senate may well have tried to remove. A Constitutional crisis, no doubt. But why is it that the bad guys can cause a Constitutional crisis and be allowed to get away with it but Trump cannot dare to defend against it? We will never know how it would have played out. Might've been bloody and chaotic and awful. But I don't recall any footnote in the oath of office that reserves defense of the Constitution to easy, safe, and popular defenses. A leader makes tough choices. Only time will tell if Trump made the right one. But there isn't any doubt that the Constitution was severely attacked in 2020 and our electoral system, the heart of a representative republic, put on life support. Trump decided not to defend her. He decided not to use his considerable powers as CIC, chief executive, and chief magistrate to defend us, We the People. OK. I get it. Just one man, had his reasons, surrounded by traitors and cowards... But let's not pretend that he failed in his oath of office and let us down. The consequences will be far worse for all of us than if he had acted absent some miracle of God.
-Pie
I fully understand your point, but that was not the time. It may well be in our soon to be future, but Trump, the President who bled patriotism and attempted to bring us back to constitutionality was not the correct vehicle.
He was correct for the moment, but was caustic at the same time. He is still correct for the next election, but will still be caustic, especially to the real US government which has nothing to do about the Constitution or the inhabitants of the US and, yes, that means you to George W Bush.
We, as a nation, have not hit bottom yet, when we do, and I fear it is soon, we will explode in violence that makes the Civil War quaint.
There is just too much anti-American Americans. This is from someone who has Mensa family members espousing this anti-Americanism to a fellow, black co-captain of my high school football team of which we were a few sentence mention in the book "Friday Night Lights," but was not in the movie because it was a year off.
Where are not there yet, but very close.
Oddly, I think our country can still be saved political, but I also think those odds are low.
Double sigh.
Agree and disagree... It was the time, but he wasn't the person that needed to do it and if he had I am sure you are correct he would have been slaughter.
The states however, right time, right place, right people, should have happened.
What bothered me most was understanding the power the state have, but their absolute complicity in laying down.
That to me was a sign of how big of a problem we face as a nation.
Cassander April 20, 2021 at 3:31 PM
@Pie
@devilman
@Texas
I, too, wonder about some of Trump's decisions. But I ultimately conclude that they had him boxed. One way or the other. In ways that we do not yet know. I choose to believe he did everything he could. And probably more.
But whether or not he did everything he could have done, I don't think there was anything he could have done to change the 2020 election result. The fix was in.
So where do we go from here? I agree with others here, that we are in a tinderbox situation where increasing violence is a real possibility. And violence is a wildcard that makes handicapping ultimate outcomes very difficult.
But short of violence I believe our best hope is for Trump (whether or not he is a candidate in 2024) and other clear-thinking conservatives to lead us to meaningful majorities in both the House and the Senate in 2022 to absolutely stop Biden and the Syndicate. But this will be a bandaid. Then we have to win the White House in 2024. In a landslide.
The People must inform themselves of the stakes, and what the consequences are, and exercise the franchise to end the madness.
Ray - SoCal April 17, 2021 at 10:16 PM
Devilman,
What I'm curious about, is who was his partner for the bondage stuff, or was it plural?
And the chance of being compromised due to a closeted fetish?
And if compromised, by whom? And for what purpose?
SWAG - He was given an incentive to go along with the Russian Bounty Story, had issues with that, saw no way out, except suicide.
>The bondage gear doesn't rattle me, freaks are abound
>everywhere. That's a typically closeted fetish to begin
>with.
@Ray,
We'll obviously never know but apparently the partner was not his new wife!!!
For all we know the CIA put it there to derail something else... Or honey potted and encouraged the whole fetish... Or watched a foreign entity honey pot him and both sides used it for leverage. Or no one knew and he was a successful closet.
We've seen the Government run out every one of those situations in just about every variation you could imagine.
I think Trump labeling this and demanding to know who originated this / leaked it surprised the deep state and their allies.
I would not be surprised if that was connected to the suicide.
Thanks so much for this (and the vax information). You have become one of the few reliable sources of information left us. I am very hopeful for the future. What is going on is something neither Saturday Night Live nor John Le Carre would ever imagine. Are there Judas goats, is this the heavy hand of China, Iran or the European Union with their complete misunderstanding of the American psyche or is it sheer stupidity on the part of the Ruling Class? I sense that President Trump is waiting for everything to crash and burn, as it must, before coming to the rescue. When he does three quarters of the Country will support him.
@ anon
So glad to hear your optimism (although it seems tied to a very gloomy "crash and burn"). But how, exactly do you see Trump riding to the rescue? What would that look like? A Caesar kind of figure? A revote/snap election? Hope is fine but what are the bad guys doing all this time he rides in? Are you imagining an apocalypse that somehow wipes out the Deep State, Uniparty, Big Media, Big Tech, Big Corp all at once so they can't fight this? That would be a frightful occurrence, hardly something to be hopeful about. Please fill in the details.
-Josephalus
Josephalus,
I view it as super positive that the scale of the corruption and incompetence have been revealed due to Trump. And we have not been defeated yet, similar to the Russian army fighting Napoleon. We survive to fight another day. And there is progress.
The first step to any solution is understanding the scope of the problem.
I'm still in a bit of shock at the scale. And I have a suspicion, it's even worse than I think. The lack of questions by GOP Senators of Victoria Nuland is mind blowing.
Trumps huge super power, has been ripping the masks off. He is the little kid that showed the emperor wore no clothes. Trump is just a symptom of a movement, he is not the cause.
Overall, I'm slightly positive. Yes, I'm worried and shocked by what is going on, but I see signs of hope.
mark wauck April 19, 2021 at 11:57 AM
The lack of questioning of Nuland--who has a long track record in this explosive part of the world--is indicative of the influence that Neocons have over the Uniparty. "American Exceptionalism", a slogan they toss around, is nothing but cover for Empire building.
I'm not sure trump is the saint we expected. I'm biting my tongue but there's some honest questions that need to be asked and answered. At least for me.
I was highly optimistic about him but in the last few months of office and especially since leaving office some things don't add up.
His "tea party" manauver... Or what I call a "party within a party" seems more like revenge than it does good or hope. Mostly I think it's going to confuse the snot of of people to "vote R".... One hundred and sixty years of primarying one dirt bag for another dirt bag got us here... How's this different?
For example, and context... Why back Mark Rubio? Why support Kevin McCarthy?
The Jan 6th protestors / supporters who are being prosecuted and persecuted. He invited them to be there and in all reality dropped them like a sack of potatoes. The man has big influence... Where was the call to action for help?
His cabinet picks... Oh dear lord at the history of that mess. I feel an explanation is in order because "wait and see" wasn't required for most of them. They were known globalist shills and Uniparty dirt bags.
Declassification... There are many who will make excuses about this not happening but he, the office of the president could have done this directly and without agency buy off, no approvals needed. Gather, inform and release.
The one thing that I admired about Trump in the beginning was he bluntly explained himself to his supporters. Unapologetically! I was fine with that, I wasn't fine when it stopped happening and I could add dozens of questions to this list.
I probably expect too much... But eh.
I, too, do not know if President Trump is a saint or a sinner, not for me to judge, but I do know he is a G-dsend.
As for a party within a party, Trump did what he had to do and what he was elected to do and if the establishment Republicans chose to fight him, they split the party.
Further, it is clear he was re-elected by a landslide, and if you need proof the cover-up continues to this day, with the Democrats fighting tooth and nail to prevent any proper recount. Contrast that with Gore's hanging chads and Jill Stein's access to whatever documentation was available in Detroit. Those who after attending his rally on January 6 were specifically told not to do anything foolish, and as for his supposed powers he couldn't get a Supreme Court with many of his appointees to look into election integrity, even when he certainly had standing.
Everyone marvels at what he was able to accomplish in spite of the opposition, and assumes he could have accomplished more if he had purged the Swamp. Donald Rumsfeld said you fight a war with the Army you have. I would suggest that as President he was much smarter than all of us. Additionally he was not so concerned with advertising his every move, so as to gain your approval and that of his so-called friends and even enemies, but cultivated his image so that he was universally under-estimated. Even now, nobody really knows what he is up to.
Cassander April 20, 2021 at 8:15 AM
I agree with you insofar as there are still: so many questions!
But, at the end of the day I agree with Anonymous. Trump was a G*dsend. The Swamp detested him and tried to destroy him, and yet he still accomplished a huge amount. Most importantly, he exposed the hypocrisy, the conflicts of interest, the duplicity, and even the criminality of the Swamp (aka Elites, Syndicate, Conspirators, Kleptocracy, Deep State, Uniparty, MSM, DNC, etc.)
Imagine what we would know about how they operate if Mrs Clinton had won.
I honestly don't think the Swamp can put the genie back in the bottle.
mark wauck April 20, 2021 at 9:27 AM
I certainly never expected a saint--I voted for Trump despite knowing he wasn't a saint and, therefore, wouldn't be perfect politically either. Politics isn't theology, nor is it math or any other science. It's human nature, and that's imperfect. We do the best we can, which often involves the lesser of imperfections, compromises, etc.
Devilman- 100% Agree.
I'm shocked at the lack of support from ANY GOP, including Trump. It's just wrong.
@Ray-SoCal
"Devilman- 100% Agree...I'm shocked at the lack of support from ANY GOP, including Trump. It's just wrong...Where was the call to action for help?"
Another very good question. Unanswered.
Now that it seems to be conclusively established that Officer Sicknick died of 'natural causes' and was not bludgeoned to death, who wants to bet that the Dems have some nefarious reason for covering up the identity of the Capitol policeman who killed Ashli Babbit?
I have no idea what the nefarious reason is...but I'll lay odds there is one. Did the officer have a disciplinary record? Did he have the wrong skin color? Did he disobey an order? Does he have some embarrassing personal history or connection? Or something else we can't yet imagine?
But these people don't cover up for no reason at all...
@ Cassandar
Eh, I don't think that takes a conspiracy. No offence of course they are just doing what Governments do. Symptoms vs problems.
We'll know soon enough in the civil suit from her family. Delay, delay, delay may simply be just that. Protection... No one is going to do anything with the information anyways. (Just sayin)
@ Anon...
I am not speaking of past but if present... His time in office was certainly impeded and you can't control others.
However, his actions at present are supporting the party. Trying to instill a Tea Party 2.0 type "party within a party". 160 years of "primarying" one jerk for another jerk is insanity.
He should have split it and peeled away from it. It seems to be an effort of revenge most so than a honest effort to make change.
Further... Supporting Mark Rubio? Kevin McCarthy?
These thing rate up there with some of his cabinet picks and that type of action defies logic of reason.
The man was explanatory to a fault at one point, that seems to have changed greatly after about year 3.
Correct, President Trump "defies logic of reason". That's how he wins. It took a blatant in-your-face steal to get Biden into the White House, and the collaboration of just about all of Washington, the State Houses and Judges of seven States and the Supreme Court to maintain the fiction that Trump lost. Trump owns the Republican vote, and the RINOs can create a third party if they want to. He has sacrificed a lot for this Country, and even if you don't appreciate his efforts and accomplishments I would advise you not to count him out just yet. He is not about to tell you or anyone else his plans.
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Posts Tagged 'High Range'
On the Kurangani Valley Rim
Panoramic view of the Kurangani valley as seen from "inspiration point" on the western edge near to Top Station and the Yellapatty estate (part of the Kanan Devan Hills Plantation Company). (July 2018)
The Western Ghats, host numerous areas with unique biodiversity and play a key role in the peninsula's hydrology but for stunning landscapes one of my favorite places is the confluence of ranges and their cliffs and valleys that surround the small hamlet of Kurangani. My relationship with the area has, thus far, been from the western-most Palani Hills though I had visited Top Station and Meesapulimalai (the 2nd highest peak in the Western Ghats) in the 1990s. Over the last 35 or so years I have been privileged to explore and hike the last vestiges of shola/grasslands in the Palanis. Along the edge of the Palani Hills boundary with Theni district and then Kerala we looked into the Kurangani valley and across the slopes and peaks near Kolukkumalai and Meesapulimalai. On several epic treks with my father and friends we witnessed the South West Monsoon breaking across Kerala. The rain-laden clouds billowed over the ridge of the Cardamom Hills only to be brought to an abrupt halt at where the lip of the Ghats drops into the pancake-flat, semi-arid valley surrounding Bodinayakanur and Theni.
The Hidden Hills. The last of the shola/grasslands habitat in the far west Palani Hills with clear views to Meesapulimalai, Kolukkumalai and the Kurangani valley. The Bodi plains are int he far left. Taken with a Noblex 120 panoramic camera and KodakT-max film. (June 2002)
The author on the Pampadum-Vandaravu (Kerala-Tamil Nadu) border in December 1997. Photograph by Merrick & Anna Lockwood.
Merrick, Sara Ann and Anna looking down at Pampadum and Top Station from Vandaravu on an epic drive across the Palani Hills to Munnar. The road was completley blocked shortly after. (December 1997).
Screen grab of ARKive images taken in the Pampadum Shola area in the 1990s.
In recent years there has been a growing interest in this area and Kurangani and Top Station have become a popular center for trekking and camping. The awesome landscape, with steep slopes of montane grasslands studded with occasional Rhododendron trees, and valleys of dense shola are classic Western Ghats. Most of the trekking and camping happens in Tamil Nadu but the base of operation has been from Munnar in Kerala where the exponential growth of tourism has opened up areas outside of major protected areas (Eravikulam, Pampadum, Chinar etc.). Some camp site and trails are in private estates bordering the Kurangani valley-places where some tea companies are looking to diversify their sources of income. The growth of outdoor providers has been rapid, catering to a new demand by a mobile, affluent generation eager for outdoor experiences. The interest in outdoor and environmental experience is a welcome development but one that has risks when not planned carefully. Kurangani became infamous earlier this year when a group of hikers were tragically killed by a fast moving brush fire on the grassy western slopes overlooking the valley. The trekking community, camp providers and forest department in Tamil Nadu were forced to do a good deal of soul searching to ensure that similar accidents are avoided.
Agastya image at temple near Bodi. (June 2018)
Calanthes sp. ground orchid, Pampadam Shola (July 2018)
Shrub frog near Kolukkumalai (June 2018)
Pill Millipede, Pampadam Shola (July 2018)
Gecko (Hemidactylus sp.) to be fully identified shortly at Betweenpatti (Bodi).
Circumnavigating the Palanis
This summer, the summer of the Kurinji flowering, I returned to the High Range to look for rare flowers, meet old friends and reconnect with a landscape that had shaped my worldview. I did this over two relatively short trips and on the first one I was able to bring our son Lenny along to share in the experience. The floods that would devastate so much of the state of Kerala had not started and these journeys were characterized by happy reunions, nostalgic reminiscences and encounters with rugged Western Ghats landscapes and species. During the first visit I combined family visits with my own landscape and ecology explorations. We were initially based in Kodaikanal, where the Kurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana) flowers had burst into flower in mid-June. On the five day trip we used a hired car to drive to Bodi to spend time with our friends Bruce and Tamar Dejong at their delightful home. There were many highlights for all of us and we were given an intimate introduction to Euphorbia sp. both in Bruce's garden and on the road up to Kurangani. Bruce has become one of the most knowledgeable experts on this interesting genus of plants native to South America, southern Africa, South and South East Asia. He pointed out numerous individuals as we drove up the road surrounded by the awesome cliffs of Kolukkumalai, Top Station and Akka and Thankgachi (the same "Twin Peaks" in many of my medium format black & white images).
Euphorbia antiquorum in the Kurangani valley floor. Looking west to the Kolukkumalai estate and Meesapulimalai (in clouds).(June 2018)
Akka and Thankgachi (Twin Peaks) from the road to Kurangani.(June 2018)
Lenny on the Kurangani Valley edge next to an unnamed (!/!) peak to the east of Kolukkumalai tea estate.(June 2018)
Suryanelli & Munnar
Lenny and I continued on our own to Munnar via Boidimetu and the Suryanelli estate. An overnight stay at the windy Black Eagle camp gave us a chance hike up to "sunrise point" and to look down at Kurangani and across to Ullam Pari. The Kurinji was not yet in bloom but the monsoon was active just to the west in the High Range and Cardamom Hills. Looking towards the Kolukkumalai estate, home to the "world's highest grown tea" I appreciated the cliffside grasslands/shola but also noted with alarm the steady invasion of the grasslands by wattle (Acacia mearnsii).
Near to "sunrise point" at Kolukkumalai estate looking east. (June 2018)
Our next two nights were spent in Munnar, which was experiencing the full force of the South West Monsoon. The rains would continue for the next two months and contribute to the overflowing rivers and dams giving rise to unprecedented flooding. During our visit at the end of June Munnar was wet and enveloped in clouds but not dangerous. Lenny and I made a courtesy call on Ms. Lexshmi R., the new wildlife warden at Eravikulam National Park and spent a morning dodging rain and photographing tahr at the Rajamalai tourism zone. Facilitated by Jayashree Kumar in Kodai we also reconnected with my friends at the High Range Wildlife Association-Jojo Thakurta and Mohan Varghese (see blog post from September 2014). Our discussion eventually played a role in me revisiting Munnar- something that will be the subject of the next blog post.
Leech on a log…note the tiger stripe, a feature of the species in the southern Western Ghats.
Ian and Lenny at the Black Eagle camp.
Ian & Lenny at Sunrise point near the Kolukkumalai estate.
Nilgiri Marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Pampadum Shola National Park east of Munnar. We had a surprise encounter with a group of three crossing the road in front of our vehicle. (June 2018)
Boundary between a non-native eucalyptus plantation and shola at Pampadum Shola national park.
Top Station/Yellapatty Estate/ Pampadum National Park
A highlight of the circumnavigation was taking a day trip to Top Station and Pampadum National Park. I first had looked down on the dense shola canopy of Pampadum from Vandaravu in 1985 during the annual 80-Mile Round hike. Seven years later, Merrick and I rode our trusty 100cc Hero Honda on the old Goshen Road to Munnar through Pampadum. At the time it was a wild, forlorn area with a veritable river bed for a motorable road ("the highest south of the Himalaya," many old timers will remember). There was no formal protected area and the forest was known as a hotbed of illegal plantation activities and smuggling. We returned several other times (the images above are from the 1997 trip to Munnar, Chinnar and Eravikulam). Today Pampadum is one of seven national parks in Kerala and offers visitors a chance to experience exemplary shola ecology. Pampadum is located in the rain shadow of the South West monsoon (like Top Station and the Palani Hill) and is significantly drier than Munnar. We had excellent sightings of animals (Nilgiri langur, gaur, Malabar Giant Squirrels etc.) and shola birds on a short drive through Pampadum towards the Vatavada exit. A delightful experience was having three very rare Nilgiri Martens (Martes gwatkinsii) cross in front of our vehicle while we were paused on the road. Pampadum, it turns out, is one of the best places to see this endemic weasel-like species.
12-part composite image of the emblematic shola tree at "inspiration point" near Top Station and Yellapaty tea estate. A very large file reduced for this presentation… (July 2018)
Just before Top Station, if the weather is clear, one has a chance to experience a sublime, classic Western Ghats landscape. In fact this vista has been widely photographed and it is widely published . Variations of the view appear in the backdrop of the film Before the Rains. The view east from Yellapatty estate over the Kurangani valley is sublime, bringing to mind a Western Ghats version of Yosemite's Inspiration Point. On my four previous visits (between 1993 and 1997) to Top Station, Yellapatty and the view had always been mired in fog. On the June trip Lenny and I got a taste for the magic of the viewpoint. While Munnar had limited visibility and torrential rain, the Top Station area was bathed in sunshine. We explored the area and figured out several good angles but I ended up getting my best images in early July when I was back in Munnar briefly.
Gaur (Bos gaurus) grazing near at Pampadum Shola National park. Note the ticks infesting the calf in front of the large male.
Butterflies on scat at Pampadum.
First views at the "inspiration point" view near Top Station
Nilgiri Marten sign at Pampadum Shola National Park entrance.
In Murugan's Footsteps
We returned to Kodai via the northern route and Palani, the town that gives the hills their names and is famous for its Murugan temple. In fact, in the mythology of the much-adored Murugan (also known as Kartikeya north of Tamil Nadu), he and his brother Ganesh are challenged to circle the world three times. The reward is a divine mango giving knowledge. Murugan embarks on an adventurous journey around the world only to return to find that his brother has won the bet by simply walking around his parents, Siva and Parvathi. In spite of not winning this challenge, Murugan is remembered as an adorable, divine child.
Murugan temple at Palani overshadowed by the hills that take their name from the shrine.
Northern slopes of the Palani Hills looking to the setting sun and the very distant Anamalai Hills. The importance of the hills as a source of life-giving water for the drier plains is clearly illustrated here.
Our trip was far less arduous. Lenny and I left Munnar going north to Marayur and into the Chinnar (Wildlife Sanctuary) Valley. The Chinnar river crossing, where KIS's Manjampati Tahr Camps trek emerged after three amazing days in the forest, is more developed with a few shops catering to the Muduvan and Paliyan groups that maintain villages in what is now the Anamalais Tiger Reserve. Across to the east, we could see the distant peaks above Kukkal caves that had been the point of previous explorations. On the plains at Amarvathi Dam we used small roads to cut alongside the northern edge of the Palani Hills before ascending to the refreshingly cool air of Kodaikanal.
REFERENCES & PUBLICITY
ARKive. "Western Ghats." Web. (note the authorship on several of the key landscape photographs taken in the Top Station/Vandaravu area)
Manupriya. "Getting to know the Nilgiri Marten, a rare small mammal from the Western Ghats." Mongabay. 10 April 2018. Web.
Poorvaja, S and Aravind Kumar. "The ember of Kurangani." The Hindu. 17 March 2018. Web.
"Pampadum Shola National Park Official Website." Kerala Forest Department. Web.
Posted in Palani Hills, Plants of the Western Ghats, Western Ghats
Tagged with gaur, High Range, Karunguni, Martes gwatkinsii, Palani HIlls, shola
Renewal in the High Range & Eravikulam
Landscape and biodiversity of the High Range: The Nymakad Estate lies below the sholas and grassy slopes of Eravikulam. Nilgiri tahr, like this saddleback, are the key endemic species that this protected areas hosts.
The rugged, granite mountains that overshadow the tea-planting town of Munnar are a sublime, little-disturbed example of the high altitude Western Ghats landscape. The High Ranges and Anaimalais, which are contagious with the Palani Hills, host important remnant shola/grasslands ecosystems. The area hosts a mix of different landscapes and ecosystems, including large-scale tea and fuel wood plantations. Eravikulam National Park, established to protect the red listed (endangered) Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is a critical protected area in the Western Ghats. This summer I had a chance to revisit the area after a prolonged period of exile. The High Range and Eravikulam National Park played a key role in my interest in documenting the Western Ghats and it was a homecoming, of sorts…
Road to Munnar through Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary. Looking south into the High Range from Manjampatti Valley.
Looking east to the Palani Hills over Kukkal and Manjampatti from the Chinnar-Munnar road. The dry Amarvathi reservoir is in the foreground.
In the early 1990s, and through to the millennium. I regularly visited Munnar and the High Range, seeking out a better understanding of the area's ecology and landscape. The story of those trips and learning adventures are described in several articles and the High Range Diaries (a series of blog posts that are in production). The area had a signification impact on me, as it has on naturalists, photographers and other dreamers before and after my time. I read about landmark studies and then communicated with naturalists such as ERC Davidar, George Schaller and Clifford Rice who had spent time in Eravikulam in past years. Rom & Zai Whitaker, Belinda Wright and others who have contributed to India's conservation story shared anecdotes of their visits to Eravikulam with me. I made contact with contemporary scientists, such as PV Karunakaran, studying ecological aspects of the park. The Kerala Forest Department who were taking over all management activities from the High Range Wildlife Preservation Society (HRWPS) in the 1990s, helped facilitate my understanding. I was privileged to take shelter with forest guards on my first visit in 1993 and later participated in an annual tahr census. Wardens of Eravikulam starting with Sivadas, James Zacharias, and Mohan Alembath were key facilitators as I sought to explore Eravikulam and study it from the Western Ghats perspective. The HRWPS under the patronage of Tata Tea then and led by the incomparable KN Changappa, was supportive and always interested in working to support landscape-based approaches to conservation in the High Range-Anaiamalais-Palanis bloc. It was in Eravikulam that I found the extension of the Palani Hills and discovered myself and a path to follow in life. Numerous excursions followed my first visit to the High Range and I was fortunate to have my cousin Anna, parents Merrick & Sara Ann and several other friends as companions on those memorable visits.
This summer I was accompanied by my seven-year old daughter Amy and I was looking to renew contact with friends, the wildlife and landscape. It has been many long years since I had stayed in Munnar and I was wary of going back to a place that I had known well before the onslaught of the "God's Own Country" Kerala tourism campaign. Perhaps it was the fact that it was the monsoon season and the rain had flushed the tourists off the hills (as we like to think in Kodai), but the area wasn't as crowded as I had expected. Munnar had grown significantly with the proliferation of high-end hotels and resorts in the vicinity. Prasad, my old friend who distributes Thaliyar tea and is a correspondent of the Malayalam Manorma, filled me in on developments in the hills since my last visit.
Eravikulam is important for a number of reasons:
It hosts the most extensive and least disturbed examples of the shola/grasslands mosaic. This high altitude ecosystem that is unique to the southern Western Ghats has been decimated by the introduction of non-native timber plantations, hydroelectric dams, mines and expanding hill stations in other ranges of the Western Ghats. Eravikulam tells a story of a landscape prior to these changes.
Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) have one of their most secure homes in Eravikulam and it has been estimated that half of the wild population (still roughly pegged at 2,000-2,500) of this endangered ungulate are found within its borders. That was the situation when ERC Davidar, George Schaller and Cliff Rice conducted their surveys and studies (during the 1960s-80s). As far as I know, that ratio has not changed. There have been significant population recoveries in Mukkurthy National Park in the Nilgiri Hills, but in many remote tahr habitats they are under pressure from poachers and habitat change. WWF India is now conducing the most comprehensive studies of Nilgiri tahr populations in the Western Ghats.
Conservation management has been a unique story of success involving government agencies (the Kerala Forest Department's wildlife wing) and NGOs (HRWPS). There are few examples in India or South Asia where such an effective partnership has been put in place for the benefit of biodiversity conservation (see my articles below for a more detailed exploration of the history and circumstances that helped contribute to this).
Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) saddleback approaching the tourist zone of Eravikulam National Park.
Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) at Eravikulam National Park. From left to right: Adult female, adult male (saddleback, kid (@ 5 months)
Generations of collaboration between the High Range Wildlife Preservation Society and the Kerala Forest Department. N Changappa & Sivadas (1994). Mohan, Prasad and Jo Jo (2014). Photographs by the author.
On our trip Amy, John (our friend, guide and driver on many Western Ghats adventuress) did a long loop that took us from the Kodaikanal down to Palani, west to Udumalpet and then south to Munnar through the Anaimalais Tiger Reserve, Chinnar WLS and Marayoor valley. We returned the southern way through Devikulam, Bodimetu, Bodi, Theni and Periyakulam. The contrast between the parched dry hills near the plains and the wet highlands was striking. In Munnar I had a chance to take Amy up to the Rajamalai tourist zone on both mornings and we were thrilled to have several intimate encounters with tahr. When you've hiked through the whole Palani Hills ranges just to glimpse a shadow or dropping of these sure-footed ungulates, the sight of them feeding next to you in Rajamalai is a bit disconcerting! I was impressed with the effective controls in place from the Forest Department to manage visitor numbers. There weren't any signs of waste dropped by carless tourists. To access the tourist zone we had to ride a bus that helps the authorities control numbers. Visitors are kept on the road and not allowed to stray up the slopes. This is a welcome change from the free-for-all of the late 1990s when Munnar had been "discovered" as a tourist destination and the forest department and HRWPS were struggling to enact management controls. A highlight during our short visit was interacting and spending time with the warden Prasad and his deputy Sanjayan. We enjoyed an early morning together at Rajamalai looking for saddlebacks who had descended from the misty cliffs to seek out females in heat. There was a light drizzle and we had several close encounters with White Bellied Shortwings (Brachypteryx major) in addition to a dozen or so tahr. Soon after, the tourists started arriving and Amy and I said our thank yous and headed south though valleys of tea towards Bodi. We promised to spend longer on the next visit.
Panoramic view of Munnar during a break in the South West Monsoon. Note the church, mosque and temple in the image. The once sleepy tea-planting town is named for the three rivers that converge here.
Landsat map of Eravikulam showing significant locations and a very rough park boundary.
Snapshots form a visit to Munnar: The Tea Museum and Amy with Mudhuvan guards at Rajamalai.
Small rainbow over the Thaliyar/Vagavurai valley.
Alembath, Mohan. Nilgiri tahr Info. Website.
Eravikulam National Park. Web.
Lockwood, Ian. "Twilight of an Ecosystem." The India Magazine. July 1994. Print (PDF)
Lockwood, Ian. "South India's Elusive Nilgiri Tahr. Environ. (PDF)
Lockwood, Ian. High Range Photography. "Eravikulam and the Anaimalais." Web.
Lockwood, Ian. "Of Tea & Tahr." Sanctuary Asia. June 2000. Print. (Sanctuary) Of_Tea_and_Tahr(2000 06)
Karunakaran, P.V. Ecology and conservation of the grasslands of Eravikulam National Park, Western Ghats. Dehra Dun, Wildlife Institute of India, 1998. Print.
Nair, Satish Chandra. The Southern Western Ghats: A Biodiversity Conservation Plan. New Delhi, INTACH, 1991. Print.
Schaller, George B. Stones of Silence: Travels in the Himalaya. University of Chicago Press, 1980. Print (see "Cloud Goats" on page 150 for a detailed account of Nilgiri tahr).
Rice, Clifford G. (1988). Reproductive biology of Nilgiri Tahr. Journal of Zoology, London, 214: 269-284. Web.
Shaheed, G. "Goats Own Country." Frontline. 11-2 February 2006. Web.
Vergis, Sharon et al. "Survey of Isolated Populations of Nilgiri tahr in Kerala India." Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 108. Jan-June 2011. Web.
Posted in Biodiversity Hotspot, Eravikulam National Park, Western Ghats
Tagged with Clifford Rice, Eravikulam, George schaller, High Range, nilgiri tahr, Nilgiritragus hylocrius
Land Cover Changes in the Palani Hills: A Preliminary Visual Assessment
1973 Landsat map of the High Range, Anaimalai and Palani Hills. (February 1973)
41 years later….Landsat view of the same area (February 2014)
I continue to be interested in themes of change in the southern Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka) and am now working to better measure and detect land cover change using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and temporal satellite data gathered by the USGS/NASA Landsat satellites. My interest in the area has grown out of a deeply personal engagement with the landscape over the last few decades. It started on childhood walks with my parents, was excited by explorations with friends in school and then developed in more systematic photo-documentation trips as an adult. In recent years teaching and family commitments have kept me from visiting the field as much as I would like. My interest in using GIS as a tool for teaching and learning has brought me back in touch with the Western Ghats, but this time through the lenses and sensors of distant earth observing satellites. In the last year I have been working with the latest Landsat 8 imagery and am thoroughly impressed with the quality of the imagery that is now publically available. This has led me to look back through NASA'S archives to find old imagery to conduct change detection with. This post highlights preliminary comparison of Landsat mages from 1973 and 2014.
The maps included in this post look at the block of the southern Western Ghats just below the Palghat gap where significant features illustrate momentous changes in the landscape over the last forty years. Both sets of images were collected in February, a time of the year when it is dry and there are cloud free days in the southern Western Ghats. The first image, however, was taken 42 years before the 2nd and thus offers a unique opportunity to compare the land cover changes in these hill areas. My particular interest here is the western plateau of the Palani Hills. This is an area that many generations of KIS students know well from the hiking program that took us to places like Vembadi Peak, Berijam Lake, Vandarvu and the Ibex Cliff area. Starting in the 1960s and 70s these areas experienced intensive silviculture based on the earlier designation of montane grasslands being "wastelands." Few KIS students and faculty members appreciated that they were witness to a radical ecological reworking of the landscape. The net result has been a significant change in the ecology and landscape of the area. Vast areas of the shola/grasslands systems in the Vembadi-Berijam-Vandaravu area have experienced significant changes.
It is a complicated mosaic of vegetation, ecosystems and issues that is now in place on the upper plateau of the Palani Hills. As the 2014 Landsat 8 image illustrates, most of the Vembadi-Berijam-Vandaravu area is covered by non-native tree plantations but there are important sholas that thrive between them. Several invasive species are spreading beyond plantation boundaries and threaten the remnant grasslands. In some areas shola species are regenerating in and amongst non-native plantation species. Some feel that this will eventually give way to mixed forests of shola species and dying plantations. Logging of planation species has been largely curtailed though there is a move afoot in the Forest Department to remove exotic species. Much of the upper plateau area is of limits because of forestry rules that have sought to limit the impact of tourists and agricultural communities in the reserve forest (RS) zone. A Kodaikanal National Park is in the pipeline and its notification and boundary lines are expected in the near future. Nevertheless, human communities are pushing into outer areas as the township of Kodaikanal and its satellite communities expand. Gaur (Bos gaurus) populations are on the rise, felt mostly in urban areas rather than remote areas!
Looking south over the 2,000 meter high Eravikulam plateau from Kattu Malai. The sunrise highlights the extensive "downs" of the shola/grasslands complex that is uniquely preserved in this magical National Park. Anai Mudi's distinctive hat profile is on the right horizon while the edges of the Palalni Hills are on the far left. My father Merrick and cousin Anna are at the edge taking in an unforgettable Western Ghats experience.
One feature that has remained relatively constant has been the shola/grasslands mosaic that makes up Kerala's Eravikulam National Park and Tamil Nadu's Grasshills (part of the Anaimalais Tiger Reserve). Comparing both the 1973 and 2014 maps shows that these areas of montane grasslands, interspersed with sholas, have stayed roughly the same. This perhaps is no accident since Eravikulam and Grasshills have both enjoyed protection in the midst of the flurry of tree planting in the adjoining ranges. The grasslands show up particularly well and contrast with the neighboring shola vegetation. This is most likely the result of winter frost that has dried out much of the exposed grass (and thus is not photosynthesizing).
Eravikulam will feature in a series of upcoming posts tentatively entitled the High Range Diaries but I have included a few images from my visits and explorations of the area in the 1990s.
View of Anai-Mudi & the Eravikulam plateau from the east. Note how the lowland tropical rainforest has been cut back to make room for tea estates. Anai-Mudi is on the left and the sheer granite cliffs that protect the park are obvious. These same cliffs provide a home for the most secure population of Nilgiri tahr. This was taken with my friend Rahul Madura on an Enfield tour of the area. Scanned from two 35mm color negatives. (December 1994)
Pine plantation in the Palani Hills near to Poondi.
The classic tourist view: looking west over Berijam Lake from the fire tower view point. In this image, the arm of Mathikettan Shola is clearly distinguishable from the uniform, tall eucalyptus plantation (extreme left and right). These trees were planted on montane grasslands in the 1960s and 70s in a program to increase biomass for fuel and tanning purposes. With the existing Landsat imagery it is difficult to distinguish shola patches from such evergreen plantations. This makes accurate classification at this sale challenging. In the future, as the resolution of the satellite imagery improves, remotely sensed multi-spectral imagery should be able to make this distinction.
Index map for hill ranges of the southern Western Ghats using recent Landsat 8 multi spectral imagery.
FURTHER REFERENCES
Be sure to read Farshid Ahrestani's article "To cut or not to cut" published by Conservation India last month. It looks at the dilemma of what to do with the huge amount of non-native tree plantation biomass in the Palanis and other Western Ghats ranges. We visited Eravikulam together, through the good offices of KN Chengappa and Tata Tea, in 1993 and continue to share a passion for conservation issues in the Palanis and neighboring ranges. One of ours tasks is to collect historical imagery of the hill ranges and use these to cross reference with contemporary imagery to illustrate change at a terrestrial level (as is done in his article).
For information about interpreting false color satellite imagery, see Hollis Riebeek's excellent article on the Earth Observatory website.
SCHOLARLY (and TECHNICAL) ARTICLES
Amaranth, Giriraj et. al. "Diagnostic analysis of conservation zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques in wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats – An ecological hotspot, Tamil Nadu, India." Biodiversity and Conservation. 12. 2331-1359, 2003. Print.
Joshi, Kumar P.K. "Vegetation cover mapping in India using multi-temporal IRS Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) data." Remote Sensing of Environment. Volume 103 Issue 2. 30 July 2006. Web.2 April 2014.
Menon, Shally and Kamal Bawa. "Applications of Geographic Information Systems, Remote-Sensing, and a Landscape Ecology Approach to Biodiversity Conservation in the Western Ghats. Current Science. 73.2 (1997): 134-145. Web. 30 March 2014.
Nagendra, Harini and Ghate Utkarsh. " Landscape ecological planning through a multi-scale characterization of patterns: Studies in the Western Ghats, South India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2003. Web. 30 March 2014.
Nagi, Rajinder. "Using the Landsat image services to study land cover change over time." ARCGIS Resources. 13 May 2011. Web.
Prakasam, C. "Land use and land cover change detection through remote sensing approach: A case study of Kodaikanal taluk, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences. Vol 1, No 2, 2010. Web. 30 March 2014.
Posted in GIS related, Landsat Images, Palani Hills, Western Ghats
Tagged with Anaimalai Hills, GIS, High Range, land cover change, Landsat, Palani HIlls, Western Ghats

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Children are expected to wear black shoes that are suitable for normal school activities.
Children with long hair must tie it back. Please note any hair bows or clips must be of a small size.
Please note that pupils are not allowed to wear nail varnish or make-up.
The preferred provider is My Clothing as a 5% donation is made to the school from each purchase.
Coats and jackets should have a strong hanging loop so that they may be hung-up in the cloakrooms.
Please ensure that all jewellery is kept at home. The wearing of jewellery in school is discouraged for safety reasons and the Academy cannot be responsible for any loss or damage. If earrings must be worn, then ensure that they are small studs only.
Earrings and watches must be removed for PE lessons and the Academy does not accept responsibility for these.
PLEASE ENSURE YOUR CHILD'S NAME IS ON ALL OF THEIR UNIFORM.


TMZ, famous for showing us some of the world's most prominent genitalia, has another big exclusive on its hands—this time for all you tech nerds out there. "Drool, geeks," the headline reads, and behold the glorious watermarked images of a phone that is almost definitely not the iPhone 6.
As for the inner workings — we're told it's not running an authentic Apple IOS, which is SOP during the development stage for security purposes.
We're told the new phone is noticeably lighter ... and appears to have a new sensor on the front ... though it's unclear for what.
Most icons in iOS are simply images which can be ripped out of the system firmware for these clone manufactures to exploit, but the calendar icon is actually generated dynamically (so the day and date labels can update to match the current system time). This makes it an easy way to spot clones, as the fakes are often too lazy to recreate this accurately. In this case, the first image shows that the Calendar icon uses a heavy bold font-face for the date ('13'), when iOS 7 and iOS 8 use a much thinner lightweight font.


Katie Holmes is all smiles as she makes her way out Thalassa after attending At&T Presents: Untold Stories Luncheon during the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival on Monday (April 22) in New York City.#untoldstories @tribecafilmfestival @haifaa.almansour #lisagayhamilton It was on honor to be on the jury with these incredible women for Tribeca Film Festival's untold stories ❤," the 40-year-old actress captioned with her Instagram post.
Halsey's Easter celebration looked pretty fun, and it looks like her pals had fun too!
On Instagram Story, Halsey revealed that instead of hiding candy or toys in eggs, she actually hid "a couple grand" in the eggs!
"I hid a couple grand in Easter eggs in the yard and now everybody is acting brand new," Halsey captioned a video of her friends getting ready for the egg hunt.
She also posted a video of her friends taking part in the nighttime Easter egg hunt.
Pink is back with yet another brand new track called, "Hurts 2B Human" featuring Khalid, and you can stream it right here!
The duet, released Today (April 21), is featured on the singer's upcoming eighth studio album, also called Hurts 2B Human, which will be released on April 26.
Katy Perry is in the midst of wedding planning!
Before Sunday night's live American Idol show, the 34-year-old singer and judge gave a little tidbit about her upcoming nuptials to Orlando Bloom.
Jim Carrey took a moment to respond to Ariana Grande after she posted about him over the weekend.
Jenna Bush Hager is having her first boy!
Shortly after announcing on Today that she and husband Henry Hager were expecting their third child, the 37-year-old co-host revealed that they are expecting a baby boy.
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau keeps it cool and casual as he strikes a pose backstage at the IMDb Show!
The 48-year-old actor sat down with host Tim Kash to talk about the premiere of Game of Thrones final season, as well as what he's currently watching and why he's such a fan of Bill Hader.
Serena Williams' 19-month-old Alexis Olympia might be getting ready to follow in her mom's footsteps!
The 37-year-old tennis superstar shared a video of her daughter playing with some tennis rackets and it's very cute!
The little one can be seen grabbing rackets and banging them on the floor one after another.
"History in the making…." Serena captioned the video on her Instagram account.
The 47-year-old kept things cool in a pair of sunglasses, a black jacket, and jeans as he filmed a scene for his upcoming horror movie alongside Pierce Brosnan.
Last week, fellow cast members Ilana Glazer and Sophia Bush were spotted filming scenes for the movie in Brooklyn.
Broadway star Derek Klena, who has appeared in Wicked and Anastasia, is putting a really fun modern twist on the Rodgers and Hammerstein classic song "Younger Than Springtime," and we have the exclusive video!
The 27-year-old actor is paying homage to the song, from the musical South Pacific, which just celebrated its 70th anniversary!
Colton Underwood and Cassie Randolph are still going strong!
The newest Bachelor couple were spotted snuggling up at Hard Rock Hotel San Diego's famous Sunburn Pool Party on Saturday (April 20) in San Diego, Calif.
Colton and Cassie put on quite a public display of affection at the party, as they enjoyed vodka cocktails and even at one point were seen laughing and feeding each other salad.
Jennifer Lopez and Owen Wilson are teaming up for a new movie!
The 49-year-old entertainer and the 50-year-old Wedding Crashers actor have signed on to star in the upcoming romantic comedy Marry Me.
If you don't know, the Jersey Shore star was known for hooking up with quite a few women during his time on the MTV reality show.
Lizzo has announced part two of her North American tour!
The 30-year-old entertainer just announced her Cuz I Love You Too Tour for the fall.
Lizzo's Cuz I Love You Tour kicks off this Monday (April 22) at The Warfield in San Francisco, CA. All dates on the North American headline trek are sold out, including a tour-closing headline date at New York City's Terminal 5 set for May 23rd.
Wiz Kahlifa is going on tour this summer!
The 31-year-old rapper announced during his set at the 2019 Coachella Music Festival over the weekend that he'll be hitting the road for The Decent Exposure Tour this summer with guests including French Montana, Playboi Carti, Moneybagg Yo, Chevy Woods, and DJ Drama.
The 29-city tour will kick off on July 9th in Atlanta, Georgia before wrapping on August 15 in Boise, Idaho.
The 27-year-old singer took to his social media to release a statement about reconsidering "what success" means to him following the tragic passing of his younger sister Félicité in mid-March.
The 37-year-old singer was seen exiting the Montage hotel on Sunday (April 21) in Beverly Hills, Calif. She was joined by her boyfriend Sam Asghari for the outing. It appears as if the pair spent Easter Sunday together.
TMZ is reporting that this appears to be a day off from the facility.
The second trailer for the upcoming comedy The Hustle starring Anne Hathaway and Rebel Wilson has been released!
In the film, the ladies star as female scam artists, one low rent and the other high class, who team up to take down the dirty rotten men who have wronged them.
Alex Sharp, Timothy Blake Nelson, Ingrid Oliver and Emma Davies also star in the film.
If you missed it, Anne recently revealed she only had a week to nail her British accent before filming for the movie started.
There are so many past Hollywood couples that dated and we had totally forgotten!
We compiled a list of lots of former celeb couples whose romantic past totally escaped our minds and you're going to be shocked at some of the names on this list.
A-list stars included in this compilation include Ryan Reynolds, Blake Lively, Jake Gyllenhaal, Kim Kardashian, Jamie Dornan, and many more. Be sure to check it out!
A new video has surfaced showing a different story, however, squashing all the rumors about a royal feud!
More new Jonas Brothers music is on the way!
'Game of Thrones' Gives Former CIA Deputy Director David S. Cohen a Cameo!
Did you catch the former deputy director of the CIA David S. Cohen's cameo on Game of Thrones?
The former government employee made a very brief cameo in the Sunday (April 21) episode of the hit HBO show.
He played a Winterfell resident who was served a bowl of food by Ser Davos Seaworth (Liam Cunningham).
Easter Sunday at the basketball game!
Zachary Levi kept it cool and casual stepped out for a basketball game on Sunday afternoon (April 3) at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
The 38-year-old Shazam! star made sure to stop and take selfies with fans as he made his way inside the arena.
Russell Crowe was also spotted making his way inside with his family as they watched the Los Angeles Clippers game between the Golden State Warriors.
This Wednesday (April 24), Luke Perry will make his very last appearance on Riverdale after he suddenly passed away earlier this year from a massive stroke.
The news was announced on Twitter by Riverdale showrunner Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa.
Director Scott Speer, who is known for his work directing Midnight Sun and Step Up Revolution, was arrested for arson.
The 36-year-old director was arrested last week after he allegedly "roughed up his wife during a drunken rampage," TMZ reports.
UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) recently conducted a survey which revealed common passwords with regard to accounts that had been hacked.
Prince William and Duchess Kate Middleton have released a statement amid the attacks that took place in Sri Lanka on Sunday (April 21).
Ariana Grande was joined by a special guest during her weekend two closing set at Coachella – Justin Bieber!
Zachary Levi is opening up about being a minimalist.
Jenna Bush Hager and her husband Henry Hager are expecting their third child together!
The 37-year-old Today show anchor announced the news on Monday morning (April 22) on the morning show.
She and Henry are already parents to two daughters, Mila, 6, and Poppy, 3. This will be the third grandchild for former president and first lady George and Laura Bush.
Detroit Lions wide receiver Danny Amendola shared an update after he went on a rant against his ex-girlfriend Olivia Culpo on social media.
Jonah Hill and Gianna Santos are all smiles while going out for dinner together!
The 35-year-old Mid90s director and writer and his girlfriend were spotted outside of Mastro's on Friday (April 19) in Beverly Hills, Calif.
Jonah put his coat over Gianna's shoulders to keep her warm as they chatted with their group of friends.
Jonah donned a trendy blazer with beige pants, red and white sneakers, a graphic t-shirt, and glasses.
Chace Crawford pushes his cart through the parking lot as he and a friend do some shopping on Easter Sunday afternoon (April 21) in Los Feliz, Calif.
The 33-year-old Gossip Girl actor showed off his super buff biceps in a blue T-shirt while also wearing green shirts, and a baseball hat as he ran a few last minute Easter errands.
Khalid was joined by a special guest during his weekend two set at Coachella – John Mayer!
The 21-year-old performer brought out the 41-year-old singer on stage during his set on Sunday afternoon (April 21) in Indio, Calif.
During his surprise appearance, John and Khalid performed their collab "Outta My Head" for the crowds.
The weekend before, Khalid brought out tons of guests for his set including Halsey and Billie Eilish.
Did you know that Queen Elizabeth celebrates her birthday twice a year?
The British monarch – who was born on April 21, 1926 – celebrates her official birthday privately with members of her royal family. Since her birthday fell on Easter Sunday this year, Queen Elizabeth rang in her 93rd birthday while attending church services with family – including Prince William and wife Kate.
Pink is done dealing with online haters.
During her interview on Ellen, the 39-year-old entertainer addressed all of the backlash and hate she received from online trolls after she posted a photo of son Jameson, 2, – where blurred out her son's private area – after a pelican flew into their hotel room and spent two hours with her family.
Gwen Stefani struts her way into church on Easter Sunday (April 21) in Los Angeles.
The 49-year-old entertainer looked super chic in a leopard-print coat and thigh-high tan boots as she and longtime love Blake Shelton headed inside for Mass.
Joining the couple at church were her three kids Kingston, 12, Zuma, 10, and Apollo, 5, (not pictured) along with her parents.
Last weekend, Gwen and Blake were spotted hitting the town for date night.
Florence + the Machine has a new song featured in the final season of Game of Thrones!
Lead singer Florence Welch debuted "Jenny of Oldstones" during the closing credits of the second episode.
Lea Michele slays the stage with an incredible performance during American Idol!
The 32-year-old actress and singer stopped by the singing competition's Disney-themed Night for a performance with the Top 10 contestants on Sunday (April 21).
Lea and the contestants came out on stage and performed "Part of Your World" from The Little Mermaid.


text:
Media Voice
Public Research Online
'Westworld' creators are developing a 'Fallout' TV series for Amazon
By: rsamuels
Tagged: amazon studios, bethesda softworks, Entertainment, fallout, Gaming, Media, TC
"Fallout," the post-apocalyptic video game franchise published by Bethesda Softworks, is being turned into a TV series by Kilter Films, the production company of Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy.
The series, which began in 1997, takes place in an alternate future with a retro tone, after a nuclear war has turned most of the world into a wasteland. The games have continued in the two decades since, most recently with the release of "Fallout 76."
The series — currently in development, with a series commitment from Amazon Studios — is part of Nolan and Joy's overall deal with streaming service, which they signed last year for a reported $150 million.
The husband-and-wife team is best known for creating HBO's new version of "Westworld" (based on a Michael Crichton film from the 1970s). They're also working on an adaptation of William Gibson's novel "The Peripheral."
"Fallout is one of the greatest game series of all time," Nolan and Joy said in a statement. "Each chapter of this insanely imaginative story has cost us countless hours we could have spent with family and friends. So we're incredibly excited to partner with Todd Howard and the rest of the brilliant lunatics at Bethesda to bring this massive, subversive, and darkly funny universe to life with Amazon Studios."
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text:
"""Setup to install TeamPasswordManager API Python Module."""
from distutils.core import setup
setup(name='tpm',
      version='4.1',
      py_modules=['tpm'],
      install_requires=['requests', 'future'],
      description='Provides functions to work with TeamPasswordManager API.',
      url='https://github.com/peshay/tpm',
      author='Andreas Hubert',
      author_email='anhubert@gmail.com',
      license='MIT',
      classifiers=['Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
                   'Intended Audience :: Developers',
                   'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application '
                   'Frameworks',
                   'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
                   'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
                   'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
                   'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
                   'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9'],
      keywords='TeamPasswordManager json api',
      )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Connecting points by levels of a variable I have a dataset that I'm using in RStudio, and I have the code ggplot(desktop_2015) + geom_point(aes(Month, CV, color = Day), size = 2.5) in order to get a graph that I need.
I am plotting the variable CV by Month, and for each month there are 7 points along the vertical, each a different color representing a level of the variable Day.
What I am trying to do is connect the points for each day across the months, ie a line connecting each Friday point across the 12 months, and so on for each day of the week. I have attached images of what my dataset looks like in addition to the graph I currently have. TIA!

Here's the dput output of my dataset:
structure(list(Year = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = c("2015",
"2016", "2017", "2018", "2019"), class = "factor"), Quarter = structure(c(1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L,
3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L), .Label = c("1", "2", "3", "4"), class = "factor"),
    Month = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
    4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L,
    6L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L,
    8L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
    10L, 10L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 12L, 12L, 12L,
    12L, 12L, 12L, 12L), .Label = c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
    "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"), class = "factor"),
    Device = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L
    ), .Label = c("D", "M", "T"), class = "factor"), Day = structure(c(4L,
    2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L,
    6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L,
    7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L,
    5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L,
    1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L,
    3L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 5L, 1L, 3L), .Label = c("Friday", "Monday",
    "Saturday", "Sunday", "Thursday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday"), class = "factor"),
    Clicks = c(1479, 1631, 1471, 1382, 1926, 1724, 1928, 1233,
    1380, 1164, 1145, 1187, 1082, 1201, 1927, 1825, 1592, 1232,
    1225, 1181, 1320, 1437, 1357, 1487, 1769, 1655, 1256, 1318,
    1512, 1508, 1358, 1176, 1111, 1364, 1316, 1441, 2131, 1956,
    1455, 1431, 1280, 1288, 2106, 2326, 2109, 2474, 2397, 2200,
    1721, 2598, 2767, 2112, 2045, 1997, 1771, 2352, 2075, 2441,
    2670, 2543, 1973, 1876, 1920, 2206, 2529, 2134, 2000, 2514,
    2551, 2758, 3087, 3219, 2314, 2150, 1906, 1997, 2335, 1957,
    2272, 2617, 2489, 2199, 1657, 1945), Conversions = c(67,
    95, 110, 101, 88, 105, 114, 89, 92, 79, 67, 72, 96, 76, 139,
    125, 89, 47, 63, 73, 78, 97, 127, 69, 96, 61, 50, 90, 83,
    91, 85, 56, 117, 66, 94, 48, 86, 71, 63, 53, 46, 56, 67,
    75, 64, 64, 63, 55, 59, 74, 71, 62, 59, 57, 40, 71, 69, 84,
    80, 101, 61, 76, 56, 93, 69, 50, 47, 73, 67, 98, 108, 127,
    59, 67, 68, 88, 77, 60, 69, 82, 72, 55, 44, 54), CV = c(9089.21,
    7811.24, 13201.19, 11394.8, 12631.15, 12389.61, 11742.6,
    10265.62, 12449.76, 9329.68, 8255.08, 9002.71, 13173.41,
    6235.05, 15480.72, 17940.65, 13667.19, 5766.98, 7583.03,
    6817.59, 6412.43, 10441.66, 23018.46, 9243.69, 10521.5, 15117.06,
    5791.93, 7783.52, 8156.31, 9996.18, 12973.64, 6329.24, 20080.53,
    6289.64, 10891.91, 7176.93, 10281.64, 10292.1, 10077.85,
    9299.89, 5979.86, 6888.64, 6799.56, 13162.34, 10267.85, 10599.65,
    8868.4, 7285.48, 8393, 9930.09, 10857.6, 12568.96, 9998.93,
    8465.09, 6733.55, 11107.85, 10919.87, 12933.21, 14653.55,
    22648.43, 13272.86, 15214.25, 9733.4, 18128.61, 12915.65,
    10267.21, 9804.48, 11928.58, 14135.84, 19990.35, 15482.84,
    20116.57, 12705.79, 12891.93, 11266.43, 16632.9, 11890.34,
    9290.67, 11417.62, 18980.21, 11025.63, 7806.93, 7246.12,
    7737.87), `Conv. rate` = c(0.0453, 0.0582, 0.0748, 0.0731,
    0.0457, 0.0609, 0.0591, 0.0722, 0.0667, 0.0679, 0.0585, 0.0607,
    0.0887, 0.0633, 0.0721, 0.0685, 0.0559, 0.0381, 0.0514, 0.0618,
    0.0591, 0.0675, 0.0936, 0.0464, 0.0543, 0.0369, 0.0398, 0.0683,
    0.0549, 0.0603, 0.0626, 0.0476, 0.1053, 0.0484, 0.0714, 0.0333,
    0.0404, 0.0363, 0.0433, 0.037, 0.0359, 0.0435, 0.0318, 0.0322,
    0.0303, 0.0259, 0.0263, 0.025, 0.0343, 0.0285, 0.0257, 0.0294,
    0.0289, 0.0285, 0.0226, 0.0302, 0.0333, 0.0344, 0.03, 0.0397,
    0.0309, 0.0405, 0.0292, 0.0422, 0.0273, 0.0234, 0.0235, 0.029,
    0.0263, 0.0355, 0.035, 0.0395, 0.0255, 0.0312, 0.0357, 0.0441,
    0.033, 0.0307, 0.0304, 0.0313, 0.0289, 0.025, 0.0266, 0.0278
    ), `CV/Click` = c(6.15, 4.79, 8.97, 8.25, 6.56, 7.19, 6.09,
    8.33, 9.02, 8.02, 7.21, 7.58, 12.18, 5.19, 8.03, 9.83, 8.58,
    4.68, 6.19, 5.77, 4.86, 7.27, 16.96, 6.22, 5.95, 9.13, 4.61,
    5.91, 5.39, 6.63, 9.55, 5.38, 18.07, 4.61, 8.28, 4.98, 4.82,
    5.26, 6.93, 6.5, 4.67, 5.35, 3.23, 5.66, 4.87, 4.28, 3.7,
    3.31, 4.88, 3.82, 3.92, 5.95, 4.89, 4.24, 3.8, 4.72, 5.26,
    5.3, 5.49, 8.91, 6.73, 8.11, 5.07, 8.22, 5.11, 4.81, 4.9,
    4.74, 5.54, 7.25, 5.02, 6.25, 5.49, 6, 5.91, 8.33, 5.09,
    4.75, 5.03, 7.25, 4.43, 3.55, 4.37, 3.98), Impressions = c(86045,
    89512, 81503, 81356, 101254, 95972, 100790, 73492, 81709,
    71678, 67884, 68429, 61978, 69537, 99440, 99735, 95689, 71773,
    71414, 65363, 69422, 77640, 76419, 81980, 97540, 90953, 67780,
    68886, 81265, 79079, 70807, 65774, 59298, 72504, 71965, 92817,
    132684, 120931, 93380, 89791, 82604, 79651, 121598, 141042,
    132627, 167622, 146056, 133295, 103366, 151998, 170043, 142676,
    126557, 121835, 121060, 139303, 113975, 127019, 151171, 140981,
    110230, 108527, 106218, 123960, 136940, 123136, 120845, 145673,
    136340, 144527, 185146, 210133, 157902, 135150, 124981, 132650,
    136682, 127909, 156160, 219576, 187283, 143617, 107303, 128768
    ), Cost = c(1376.23, 1799.57, 1646.93, 1631.22, 2088.67,
    1869.83, 1779.56, 1152.91, 1643.25, 1281.38, 1368.1, 1299.16,
    1184.99, 1183.82, 1690.38, 2065.43, 1737.26, 1351.85, 1432.21,
    1395.46, 1192.53, 1385.88, 1548.41, 1754.96, 2148.9, 2061.52,
    1481.82, 1400.12, 1595.65, 1808.54, 1643.06, 1417.31, 1343.52,
    1794.69, 1317.59, 1436.56, 2344.1, 2124.41, 1602.12, 1449.17,
    1417.73, 1337.39, 1773.49, 2018.75, 1813.7, 2181.56, 2069.48,
    1938.4, 1528.46, 1907.15, 2163.95, 1645.47, 1620.2, 1552.78,
    1326.68, 1749.51, 1466.75, 1851.91, 1997.14, 1909.85, 1506.9,
    1391.86, 1420.54, 1671.03, 1948.89, 1657.35, 1577.12, 1888.6,
    1934.2, 2055.61, 2357.6, 2426.16, 1730.51, 1652.82, 1464.03,
    1550.73, 1736.98, 1364.01, 1625.97, 1835.38, 1714.8, 1584.55,
    1109.67, 1340.77)), row.names = c(2L, 4L, 7L, 12L, 15L, 18L,
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A: I think you need to provide both group and color in your aes:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(df, aes(x = Month, y = CV, color = Day, group = Day))+
  geom_point()+
  geom_line()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What do you want the world to know about WXW? Hear from 7 women.
Margaret Loy, Print Tech, Inc.
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Available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USGS Open-File Report 00–54, 121 p., 19 figs.
Macroinvertebrate and algal community samples were collected during a 3-year period at sites located near Guanella Pass, Colorado, to provide baseline characterization data. Water-quality sampling and habitat evaluations were used to aid in the interpretation of the biological data. The study was part of an environmental investigation for a proposed roadway reconstruction project on Guanella Pass. Discharge was strongly affected by snowmelt during May–July. Habitat scores were optimal (147–199), as determined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocol methods.
Generally, low median concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (less than 0.02 milligram per liter) were detected at all sites. The water temperatures ranged from 0.4 to 11.2 degrees Celsius. The average pH for all sites was neutral, and specific conductivities were dilute (less than 160 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). The median suspended-sediment concentration was less than 20 milligrams per liter at all sites.
During the study, 100 macroinvertebrate taxa were identified. The dominant taxonomic groups of macroinvertebrates were Diptera (true flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies). Macroinvertebrate density ranged from 6.6 to 4,300 organisms per square meter at sampled sites. Shannon-Weaver diversity values for the macroinvertebrate samples ranged from 1.6 to 4.5. Collector-gatherers dominated the functional feeding groups at most sites. Average abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) was 56.7 percent; EPT:Chironomidae ratios were greater than 2:1 for every site except during water years 1996 and 1997. Chironomids were greater than EPT at four sites in water year 1996 and at one site in water year 1997. The percentage of macroinvertebrate community similarity between site pairs varied from 0 to 80 percent.
The number of algal taxa identified was 280. The dominant algal divisions, in terms of density, were Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), Chrysophyta (diatoms), Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), and Euglenophyta (euglenoids). In general, diatom biovolumes dominated the algal assemblage, followed by blue-green algae, green algae, red algae, and euglenoids. Algal densities ranged from 3.1 X 102 to more than 4.7 X 106 cells per square centimeter, and algal biovolume ranged from 2.3 X 104 to 4.6 X 109 cells per cubic centimeter. Diversity values for diatoms ranged from 1.5 to 4.9. The pollution tolerance index (PTI) for diatoms ranged from 1.8 to 3.0. Sensitive diatoms were present at each site and ranged from 21 to 97 percent. The percentage of motile diatoms ranged from 0 to 13 percent. The presence of acid-tolerant diatoms ranged from less than 0.5 to greater than 20 percent. The percentage of community similarity between site pairs ranged from 1 to 97 percent.
Overall, the biotic metrics that were evaluated during this study indicate that the macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the streams on Guanella Pass are not degraded by the existing road. Erosion may cause some localized effects but may not affect the overall health of the whole stream system. The degraded condition of Geneva Creek probably is due to natural effects as opposed to road effects. Although upper South Clear Creek, upstream from Naylor Creek, is located downstream from several sources of road runoff, the biological community at this site does not seem to be negatively affected.