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Episode #6:
Rick Shaw
Chief Information Systems Officer, Antelope Valley College
IT's Growing and Changing Influence in the Age of COVID
Rick Shaw, Chief Information Systems Officer for the Antelope Valley Community College District talks about the critical role of technology in bridging the digital divide for students and faculty, how COVID-19 has expanded and elevated IT's role in HigherEd organizations, and what the future of the "connected campus" might look like in five years.
With a diverse educational background comprised of two degrees in history, a master's of knowledge management, and an incomplete doctorate in medical information science, Rick Shaw built his career on managing information and technology operations. He's worked for state schools, private universities, and community colleges, giving him a unique perspective in approaching the problems and solutions for HigherEd.
"My career has largely been focused on building new shops or fixing broken ones from a service-oriented perspective," he explains. "I teach people to be successful with their tools. And I genuinely love what I do."
Technology Access Disparities Remain for Many Students
When envisioning a modern, connected campus's attributes, Rick notes that significant disparities remain regarding access to technology and resources in today's educational communities.
"I'm acutely aware of the digital divide. We are very much a commuter college, and we serve a huge geographic range across two counties. We have a large retiree community from the military and aerospace. But we also have a huge community of first-time learners and first-generation college attendees."
COVID has amplified this digital divide. "Students were deeply dependent on open resources on campus to do their studies, to access their research, to write their papers, and to attend their classes," he says. "Without those on-campus facilities, they were stuck. It's not possible to do their coursework on a smartphone. Not all of our students even have a smartphone."
Rick and his team conducted a needs analysis of the student population. They started a computer loan program consisting of new Chromebooks, as well as workstations and laptops that were due for a refresh. To date, they have loaned out over 800 computers and almost 400 internet hotspots.
"My job is to partner with my peers in academic affairs, my dean, and my faculty, and then identify the tools that they need to enhance the student's involvement," Rick says.
With widespread distance learning being implemented nationwide, Rick notes, "I think there's a true opportunity for institutions who can provide a device for students walking in the door if they have that need. The socioeconomic breadth of what we support is very vast here.
"We've got students who have all the resources they need: they've got the home computer, a tablet, and a smartphone. They're thoroughly connected. But we've also got first-generation immigrants and non-immigrant, first-generation students coming to campus who lack those resources."
Resolving Connectivity Limitations
Rick's team aims to present a seamless interface for students and faculty in their instructional environment during COVID.
When everything is remote, getting faculty up to speed was a challenge. "Many of them, honestly, didn't have a home computer. If they had a home computer, it lacked a camera and headphones. Their computer had zero capacity for video calls," he explains. "We've loaned out a ton of equipment. In some cases for faculty who have struggled with that modality, we've allowed them access back to campus and into their office and set them up in their office because that's their comfort zone."
Further, Rick says, "As we start coming out of these times of COVID, we're in the process of revamping all of our classrooms. We had a smart classroom configuration that had a projector workstation but lacked the camera for hybrid modality. And we're refitting our 250-plus classrooms to meet that modality as well so that we can manage Los Angeles' county's expectations for occupancy and, in many ways, our faculty and students' comfort levels with occupancy to serve our students."
"Our summer is going to be our transition into a hybrid modality. We are splitting our courses' enrollment with a single instructor – 25% in person, 75% online. The classrooms are now configured with a microphone and can broadcast to Zoom from the classroom."
Re-Defining the Role of IT in the Age of COVID
Some IT leaders have stated the remote learning experience has elevated IT beyond being perceived as "just a service desk." After all, at some institutions, IT's role was limited to fixing computers or turning on an application. Suddenly they're being asked to speak about teaching and learning—or at least building an infrastructure to support teaching and learning.
"My philosophy is that IT is an enabler. We are a partner. We're about making stuff work and problem-solving," Rick says. "We want to enable the faculty to support the student who is the working professional or the working parent, online. People need to be able to choose whether they'll attend in-person or remotely via camera. I think that modality is here to stay."
For IT personnel just starting a new role, Rick advises them to "start the dialogue" with their supervisor. "You need to cultivate an environment of trust. Understand and cultivate the perspective that 'I'm here to fix this. I'm here to make this look good and to make you look good.'
"I'm a huge advocate of managing up. You need to manage and network laterally with your peers, as well as up and sometimes around, just so that you're part of the conversation."
"Let me give you one anecdote, a perfect example. I was invited to the college coordinating council, which consists of the president, the vice presidents, and the representative leadership from the union and faculty senate. It's the coordinating council because all of the issues come there. I was invited in because it was a software conversation, but I was listening to another dialogue, and there was a lot of gnashing of teeth over key recovery with adjuncts leaving.
"And I said, you're not talking about key recovery. You're talking about a business process: onboarding and offboarding. This is a systemic issue. There is a solution to this that goes to business processes. And this is not about an adjunct getting a key. This is about that adjunct coming in and being part of the community, being onboarded effectively. They need to understand what they've been given, and at the end of the term, there needs to be a process to recover that for the next adjunct.
"It's bringing a systemic point of view to a dialogue. IT is about supporting the institution and serving students.
"IT serves students when a faculty member can walk up to a building and get into a classroom day one. We serve students when faculty can log in and get their shell ready a week before instruction starts and start communicating with their students. We provide a system and a business process to enable these things."
A Five-Year Vision for The Connected Campus
"I think that five years out the road we'll be very connected. Will we be able to do all of our coursework on a smartphone? I don't know. I don't think so. There are examples of full novels being written on smartphones on commuter trains. I don't personally see a smartphone as the enriching environment necessary to give students access to everything they need. I think you need a bigger screen.
"PC-enabled distance education, online education, access to resources, connected faculty, and connected research components are going to continue to proliferate and be demanded by our students.
"I grew up around my dad's machine shop; he was a prototype machinist at the end of his career. His perspective was 'It's already broke. I can't break it again. Let's find a way to fix it.' And that's a mindset that I've tried very hard to instill in my department and the community that I serve.
"Let's find the solution. Let's find a way to make it work."
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Whether you're a college student, a college parent, or a traveler who loves to explore off-the-beaten-path Florida, chances are your journeys at some point will take you to Gainesville.
Pretty much in the center of the state, it's also near five cool destinations that are easily reached on a day trip (or less).
The natural spring that flows into the Suwannee River is the highlight of this 200-acre park. Settle in on a hot day and enjoy the clear 72-degree waters as well as picnicking, volleyball, and a hiking trail. Come here in cool months and you may discover that it's just you and a curious manatee lazing about in the main spring. It's 40 miles west of Gainesville.
The small community of Steinhatchee 70 miles west of Gainesville also has a fishing village, some nice restaurants, a library, and small motels. As with its popular twin, Cedar Key, you'll have to head all the way to the coast to find it, but when you do you've found that magical place and time known as Old Florida. This is a top choice for anglers looking for things to do around Gainesville.
By safeguarding islands, inlets, backwaters, and forests, this state park still features its undisturbed natural beauty. Attracting nature lovers and photographers, the park borders 20 miles of the northern Gulf Coast between the two cities of Yankeetown and Homosassa and includes nine miles of hiking/biking trails, a 2.5-mile interpretive trail, fishing at Mullet Hole, and kayaking and canoeing on Crystal River. Located 65 miles southwest of Gainesville.
It doesn't take much imagination to see this town as it was in the 1940s when the main street was the town's commercial and social center – because it still is. Over time, High Springs adapted to the times and the town's main avenue features plenty of antique shops, some nice restaurants, and outfitters for the diving, hiking, and camping that draws folks to the these parts. You'll find High Springs 23 miles northwest of Gainesville.
Located 13 miles due west of Gainesville in Newberry, this intriguing park showcases the pioneer era from the 1850s to the 1940s and, incredibly, occupies more than half the original 600 acres tended by the Dudley family. This is a real working farm, and the 18 original buildings include a kitchen outbuilding, a general store and post office, and a cane syrup complex. What's more, the staff dress in period clothing as they perform daily chores, raise crops, tend to livestock, and demonstrate historic farming techniques.


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One of the main goals of this library is to be as general as possible by abstracting over notions of equality between morphisms.
Another is to keep the definitions of categorical structures as simple as possible and then where possible to prove that the simple definition is equivalent to more interesting formulations.
For example, we can define a monad as recording containing a functor and two natural transformations. Separately, we can show that a monoid object in the monoidal category of endofunctors is an equivalent definition, and that the composition of an adjoint pair of functors leads to monads, and so on.
The module structure is a mess, I realize. A lot of the parametrized modules should not be. Naming of things in general could also be made cleaner, but I've been more interested in definitions and proofs so far.
A lot of this is based on http://web.student.chalmers.se/~stevan/ctfp/html/README.html, but with some design changes that I thought were necessary. It's still very much a work in progress.


Blindly following her schedule, Samantha slogged to work every day. She enjoyed being a nurse and appreciated those special patient moments, but at the end of her routinely brutal 12-hour shifts, Samantha often thought, "Is this all there is?" For her, it was. She thought maybe if she switched jobs, things would be different. They wouldn't be. She'd still have the same boring professional life.
Andrea worked in a different world. She had a full-time job as well, but at the end of her shift, she attended to classwork. She was enrolled in a BSN program, taking one or two courses at a time. After pecking away at degree requirements, her graduation was on the horizon. Andrea was a board member in her local American Nurses Association chapter, as well as an active member in her specialty organization. She routinely received emails from several online research and career sources.
Both were married with children, had attended associate degree programs and were enmeshed in demanding clinical areas. However, Andrea engaged with nursing beyond her everyday demands, setting her sights on long-term goals, while Samantha merely had a job. Andrea had something she could carry from job to job: a comprehensive career as a professional nurse.
As an employee and a professional, a nurse has two things: a job and a career. For almost every nurse long ago, they were the same because the job defined a nurse's career. Now being a nurse can be so much more.
A career begins with setting long-term career goals. You should have an idea about what future jobs will promote your career and what you need to do to get them in terms of education, credentials and networks. I can't say I had any career goals at all when I finished my diploma program, but analyzing my employment situation, recognizing my talents, and figuring out what I liked most about nursing led to formulating them. It's never too late. Soon I was involved in career-wise moves beyond my job, and I've never looked back.
• Be prepared to abandon your goals to take a risk, if the appropriate opportunity presents itself. Don't be afraid to switch jobs. One of the best career moves I ever made was to take a salary cut and work for a growing, but little-known publication called "Nursing Spectrum" almost 25 years ago. I'm still with the same company, now OnCourse Learning (Nurse.com's parent company), satisfied through many changes in roles and salaries later.
• Connect daily with the world outside of your job through healthcare-vibrant web services, such as Nurse.com, Medscape, ANA (SmartBrief), univadis, Becker's Hospital Review, Forbes and The Commonwealth Fund. Know what is happening in the broad world of healthcare, and make sure outside forces don't blindside your career. For example, did you know that in the early 1970s, some well-intentioned but misinformed administrators wanted to replace RN state licenses with hospital-granted licenses that were not transferable from institution to institution? This could have been the end of the portability of professional nurses, who would have had to reapply to be a nurse every time they changed jobs.
• Join and participate in at least two professional organizations, such as the American Nurses Association and your specialty organization. The best way to become rejuvenated and stay enthused is through active membership in organizations with like-minded people who are excited about their profession. And because active members are usually employed and know about jobs within their organizations, your participation becomes a membership into an active job network. My connections are my most precious asset, and organizations tend to recognize this as well. They serve as conduits to both career and future jobs, if you need one.
• Pursue lifelong learning, both formally through degree programs and certifications and informally through continuing education, such as educational activities provided by OnCourse Learning. Sure, degrees can be expensive, but the return on your investment in higher degrees is spread out through your entire career. Remember this mantra: Never stop learning (even after you get your doctorate).
Jobs are important. They are an essential component of careers, putting food on the table and bankrolling those pricey degrees. However, fulfilled nurses need more than a job to fuel their professional lives. They need goals, risk-taking opportunities, awareness of the environment, professional organizations and their networks, and perpetual education. We all know nurses like Samantha and Andrea. Be Andrea.
Do you have barriers to achieving awesome Andrea status? Let me know about them in the Comments section below. And look for more on career topics in my future blogs.
I am a single parent caring for 2 children : one 13 and other 10 yrs old.. Been a nurse for 20 yrs with an associates degree. Love bedside nursing. No incentive to pursue bsn degree-put myself in debt and not earn addt'l income with bsn doesn't sit well with me. However, I am interested in forensic nursing and don't know where to go from here…I am not that computer literate ; but an old classroom type of person. Can you offer any suggestions? Thank You.
Barbara — If you are interested in forensic nursing, I would get in touch with forensic nurses. I'm a big believer in networking and one place to go is the International Association of Forensic Nurses at http://www.forensicnurses.org/ If you're computer literate enough to be communicating with me on a blog, I'll bet you'll have no trouble navigating their website, which might open up a whole new world for you and a new kind of bedside.
Dear Robert, I enjoyed reading your article and felt compelled to reply for many reasons. I completely agree it is very important to set goals and have direction in your nursing career. Just as important furthering ones education as you suggested via degree programs, certifications and continuing education programs. Nevertheless, taking that risk to pursue something that may seem a better, or something you maybe passionate about can come with a huge price. Leaving a safe secure job even if not fulfilling with excellent wages, a good pension plan could certainly cause a great deal of fear and anxiety for many reasons. One may have to think about their age, can they afford the wage cut? Thoughts about children and their education, job security, perception of movement from organizations etc. Nevertheless, one thing I promised myself early in my career, I would never wish my time away in my job especially if unhappy. I became more aware of this while working in oncology and then in hospice. Countless times I heard patients say, "I was waiting to retire then got sick". In addition, searching for a job today is very different even with experience and the correct qualifications. One has to be very knowledgeable regarding the "buzzwords" to even get noticed. Then, the majority of the time it is a 20 something year old calling asking orchestrated questions, and for the most part don't even know what your experience mean, and that's before you even move on the next stage in the process. Also, the latest is the "on-demand voice interview". Have you ever sat looking into your computer waiting for a monotone voice asking you questions? No offence, you took that risk 25 years ago, maybe you have moved within this stable company many times. Again, times have changed. The reality today when building ones career, and thinking of moving. Nurses need solid contacts that they know will help, networking, and membership of organizations prevalent to their specialty. However, change can be a good thing, and can take one out of their comfort zone. Thus, when you take those steps and change a few times, there is less fear, confidence grows, and belief you have abilities to do so much more. Nurses sometimes forget to look at their strengths but rather focus on their weakness, unfortunately those interviewing may also tend to take the same strategy. My advice, go with your gut, if you do move on and it doesn't work out as planned, then learn from that experience. Don't put your energy where you went wrong, but rather how you can move forward. Set small realistic goals. Don't have to worry so much how you may get to them, utilize your resources, and most importantly believe in yourself!
Ellen, thanks for your response. Maybe I should have you write this blog in light of your poignant reply. Yes, it was a different environment when I took my risks, but nonetheless, risks loom in front of us, whether at the beginning or toward the end of our career.
I look forward to your insights as I move on to other topics in the coming months.
Hello Robert! While I know monetary rewards are not the only options that an employer has to show appreciation, it definitely comes in handy. What advice would give to a graduate-prepared nurse with 20 years of experience in industry who recently took a huge pay cut in exchange for flexibility and leadership opportunities?
Genice – If you're asking about how to make up the difference in a pay cut you took for a better job opportunity, I can answer from experience. I waited out the new job until raises and bonuses overcame the deficit. Meanwhile, I looked for other opportunities to shore up the income gap. These options didn't always work, but I was certainly a happier professional, meanwhile.
I applaud your move if you took the better opportunity, even if it cut your income.
This is so me right now, changing jobs to learn new opportunities but after about a month Im like ok. That's when it hits you your ready for the next level. Yes! I felt like you were talking to me.
Thanks for the feedback, Yolanda. I hope to be talking right to you in the future.
I found your article very informative; spot-on for my current career delima.
I've been a nurse (associate's degree) since 1993, starting my career in the operating room, and that is where I stayed. As the years rolled by I rolled on, albeit, gaining a little less pep in my step during the last few years & with this same company. As I began researching a much needed change in the field, I discovered I had limited my scope of practice, skills & knowledge to the extent that required more than a "job" change. I would need to go beyond obtaining CEUs. Then, to add insult to real injuries, an auto accident followed by injuries sustained from a patient upon returning to work, took me out of the OR, two years ago. Although I quickly accepted a great opportunity as Charge Nurse in a correctional facility, this progress of learning new skills was cut short due to another auto accident! That was THE straw for me. My barriers? Limited skills, knowledge and now, modern experience. A lot has changed; I need to re-emerge, re-evaluate my areas of interest, strengths & not so strong nursing abilities. Your suggested resources will be helpful. I also believe specific career counseling will help break these barriers as well. Thank you for your support!
Teresa – If you need a cheerleader, that would be me!
Good luck with your new career progression. You sound pretty adaptable though, and don't need luck.
I have been a RN for over 30 years and have worked in various fields of nursing. Currently, I do CDI, auditing and utilization review. I have gotten way too far from the bedside! I recently took a RN refresher course, got my S.T.A.B.L.E. certification, my NRP certification and taken a class for RNs on breastfeeding. I would like to become a postpartum nurse but no one will hire me without that specific experience. I would like to know if you have any ideas for me to be able to be hired into this type of position.
I think that's a good lead for you. I always advocate active networking, that is, get out there, get to know people, and sparkle in front of the right people, so that when an appropriate job opportunity arises, you'll be the person the hiring folks think of. Please stay in touch because I want to know how your search progresses.
Gladdy — I have this advice: Look into training for and finding a job in informatics where you can teach. There is a heavy education component to implementation of new informatics systems. One place to start is to take Nurse.com's focused continuing education on informatics, enrollment opening March 6 at http://www.nurse.com/FocusedCESeries/informatics-march2017. Although it is titled a certification review, it is also an excellent introduction to the field with live interaction and a cohort group of students. You can start your networking there and continue it the the American Nursing Informatics Association at http://www.ania.org. So why settle for one role, when you can have both. Please let me know how this works out for you.
Hi! I graduated in Dec. 2015 w/ my ADN, became an RN in Mar. 2016, and had my BSN in May 2016. As far as I'm concerned, I like being a nurse. However, bedside nursing doesn't seem to work for me. After graduating in May 2016, I worked in the hospital that lasted almost two months. Then, I took a break for a month and gave myself another chance. I got hired in a long-term care in rehab unit. I lasted 3 wks. As of now, I work in a multi-provider family practice as an RN. I find it hard to accept that I'm not able to practice what I studied for, direct patient care. I'm in mid 40s and I want to keep working in the healthcare field. I like to be an advocate for patients, and I like educating pts. Pls give some ideas on how I can use my nursing profession other than bedside nursing. Thank you very much.
Grace — Forty-something percent of nurses work OUTSIDE of the hospital, many not in direct patient care. So when you say that you were educated for patient care, maybe so, maybe not. We're just doing other things.
If you like doing patient education, maybe you should explore becoming a patient educator for a physician/NP group or a hospital. Discharge planning could also be an option. Look for seminars on career alternatives for nurses, but your graduate degree could be in healthcare education. Network through the health Care Education Association at http://www.hcea-info.org/.
Finally, if you like education, the future for nurses educating future nurses is wide open. Please consider this because we need you.
My name is Teela Lener, I attended your seminar on Career Fitness last week in Dallas Texas and spoke with you afterward. Your lecture was fantastic and I really enjoyed it; I learned a lot and have big plans for fixing/updating my resume and cover letter this summer once my semester of school is over thanks to your advice. I tried to send you an email in regards to obtaining your power point presentation, but the email address I wrote down seems to be incorrect. Thank you for your wonderful words of advice and I hope I get the opportunity to look over your power point and meet you again some day!
It was a privilege speaking once again at the annual conference of the National Student Nurses Association. My email is rhess@oncourseleaning and, of course, I'll send you the presentation.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another year, another Flowertown race. This one was pretty similar to the last one. The location was the same, the course was the same, and the crowd was light and easy to navigate through. This one is kind of special because it's the first race where I actually carried the camera with me on the course. Since then it's become a standard rather than a novelty. These days I only leave the camera behind when I'm feeling very serious about my time.
I live in downtown Charleston now, so it's a twenty-two-mile drive to Summerville. That's a far cry from the meager two miles I drove when I lived there. At 6am there would be no traffic to speak of, but I didn't want to push it.
I showed up at about 6:30am and I had time to score a sweet parking spot and register before my brother showed up. (He still lives in Summerville.) He and I went to the Summerville Starbuck's for a half-hour for his hot tea and my tall mocha. I picked up a scone, too. With my employee discount it's a pretty cheap way to grab breakfast.
After our morning coffee and B.S. session, he took me back to the course and went back home. I settled into my standard pre-race routine: walk around and see if there's anyone I know. If there isn't, pick somebody and have a conversation until we have to go line up.
Regular fare, really. Some folks were stretching while others were getting a pre-race stretch from the massage students. Everyone was in good spirits, and the day held a lot of promise. There was one thing I couldn't believe, though… when I took these photos, I didn't see John or Monica. I didn't even think they were around.
If you look at the photos, however, you'll see them everywhere, along with some of the friends they usually run with. (Their names escape me now… I feel like a total stooge.) I'm not sure how I missed everybody when they were so close, but I'm going to blame it on getting up too early.
I saw Joan a few times at my Starbuck's since the half-marathon, so I knew she would be around for the Flowertown Run. I'm always excited to see older people doing this stuff, for obvious reasons. I mean, that's my future. I would love to be the old guy who's still running these races.
That being said, check out the photo below. Joan is on the right, and Donna Brown is on the left. I'm not sure about Joan's age, but Donna is 71. She was the very last person to finish the half-marathon, but she did finish it. Can you imagine that? Seventy-one years old and she's still doing half-marathons! Even more amazing than that, she didn't start participating in races until 1994!
The more I think of this, the cooler it becomes. We all have to grow older, but we don't have to stop moving. We may not be as strong as we were in our youth, but we don't have to be weak. It takes work, but with exercise you can really enjoy your later years. Not only will those years be of a higher level of quality, but there will be more of them.
The start was pretty standard, just like everything else. The weather was pretty good, too. The only thing I didn't like about the start was my speed management. I didn't want to be worn out since I was going to be celebrating St. Patrick's Day later on, but I didn't want to kill my time either. It was tough to figure out my pace when I'm around so many people of different skill levels.
I'm a social runner, so I like to run alongside a partner when I can find one who's around my speed. That sometimes conflicts with my plan for how I want to finish a particular race. It isn't a big problem, though. After the first five minutes or so, people spread out and find their respective places on the course.
I try not to pace with anyone until that happens. Even then, one person or the other eventually pushes ahead or drops back. It's very rare to find someone who runs at your particular pace, unless you're keeping a group together intentionally.
Here you can see the guy who helped me get through the last couple of miles. His name is Frank, and he's originally from Germany. We paced for a while before I pushed ahead, but he caught up with me. It was pretty cool. I pushed ahead again in the last half-mile, but he was right behind.
His official time is 52:09, but that may be a second or two off. They didn't have chips to record our exact times, so they were calling the numbers out verbally. I guess they have a little computer or a notebook or something… I'm not sure. All I know is that they have my time listed at 51:39 when I know I crossed under the clock at 51:37. Frank's true time was probably more like 52:07.
As is customary, I took a Finish Line photo of the clock just before I poured on the speed for my final approach. Unfortunately it was out of focus, so I took another one after I got out of the chute and walked around a bit. Below you can see a volunteer taking the little tags off of our race numbers. That's how they kept track of who came in before who. Again, I'm not sure how they recorded the times without chips. I'll have to check on that.
Of course I saw John and Monica again. John's knee is doing better, so he was in it with us this time. His official time was 54:22, but I saw him go through at 54:20. If there's a two-second delay in recording the time, then that would make Monica's true time 55:20. Looks like all of us had a pretty good cruising speed.
This was a fun race. It was organized pretty well and the people were nice. It's always fun to do a race with a smaller crowd, even if the Finish Line is placed on an uphill stretch of road. My next race is the Bridge Run. I can hardly wait.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: Find all equivalence classes of $5\mid(x-y)$ Find all equivalence classes of $$x\mathcal{R}y\iff5\mid(x-y),$$ where $x,y\in\Bbb{Z}$.

I know that $5\mid(x-y)$ means that there exists an integer $k$ such that $x-y=5k$. Hence,
$\mathrm{cl}(1)=[1]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon1\mathcal{R}y\}=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon1-y=5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon y=1-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}=\{1-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}.$
$[0]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon0\mathcal{R}y\}=\{-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}.$
$[2]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon2\mathcal{R}y\}=\{2-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}.$
$[3]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon3\mathcal{R}y\}=\{3-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}.$
$[4]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon4\mathcal{R}y\}=\{4-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}.$
$[5]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon5\mathcal{R}y\}=\{5-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}=[0].$
$[6]=\{y\in\Bbb{Z}\colon6\mathcal{R}y\}=\{6-5k,\;k\in\Bbb{Z}\}=[1].$
$\vdots$
So can I say that the equivalence classes are $[0]$, $[1]$, $[2]$, $[3]$ and $[4]$?

And the quotient set is $\Bbb{Z}/\mathcal{R}=\{[0],[1],[2],[3],[4]\}=\Bbb{Z}_{5}$?

Thanks!

A: Yup, that looks good! To prove that these were the only classes, you'd appeal to the principle of mathematical induction, by taking $n=0,1,2,3,4$ as your base cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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L'Afrique a été le théâtre de combats au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ces combats concernent des zones géographiques dispersées en Afrique, correspondant aux colonies allemandes : Cameroun, Togo, Afrique du Sud-Ouest, Afrique orientale allemande.

Contexte

À cette époque, le Royaume-Uni, la France et l'Allemagne veulent tous trois étendre leurs empires coloniaux et ont déjà entrepris, par le passé, de s'affronter de façon plus ou moins ouverte en procédant par intimidation et infiltration. En Afrique orientale allemande, les Allemands ont déjà répondu à 11 tentatives anglaises.

Au moment où la guerre éclate en Europe, les colonies allemandes ont de très bonnes défenses et d'importants effectifs militaires. Les garnisons des colonies appartenant aux alliés français, anglais et belges sont prêtes pour la guerre. Ces armées qui vont s'opposer ont toutes d'importantes troupes, des tonnes de fournitures, et des armes modernes. Les colonies portugaises sont moins armées mais combattront cependant aux côtés des alliés.

Afrique de l'Ouest

L'Allemagne avait deux colonies en Afrique de l'Ouest, le Togo et le Kamerun (aujourd'hui appelé Cameroun). Les troupes allemandes du Togo n'opposèrent que peu de résistance aux troupes alliées franco-anglo-belges et capitulèrent dès .
Au Cameroun, les forces allemandes durent abandonner la région de la côte assez rapidement et se replièrent dans l'arrière-pays où elles livraient une guerre de guérilla aux troupes alliées pendant près de deux ans avant de se rendre en  devant un ennemi en fort surnombre.

Sud-ouest de l'Afrique

Les possessions allemandes du sud-ouest de l'Afrique (aujourd'hui la Namibie) sont un immense territoire aride. Le désert du Namib est une zone complètement déserte le long de la côte. Windhoek est la capitale coloniale, elle est située à  des côtes de l'océan Atlantique.  soldats sont stationnés dans la ville, ils peuvent compter sur le soutien de la plupart des  hommes adultes de la ville, des colons allemands. De plus, les Allemands ont de bonnes relations avec les Boers d'Afrique du Sud, qui ont mené une guerre sanglante contre le Royaume-Uni à peine 12 ans plus tôt.

Les Britanniques ont commencé par armer et organiser leurs anciens ennemis les Boers. Cette stratégie est dangereuse, car l'attaque prévue sur la Namibie s'est transformée en une rébellion de  Boers armés.

Jan Smuts et Louis Botha, des dirigeants boers, prennent parti pour les Britanniques contre  et Christiaan De Wet. Au cours de deux batailles en , les rebelles sont défaits. À la fin 1914, la rébellion prend fin.

Après le mois de , le général Smuts continue ses opérations militaires dans le sud-ouest de l'Afrique. Les troupes sud-africaines se sont endurcies et expérimentées en vivant dans ce type de terrain. Elles traversent des centaines de kilomètres de désert à cheval en quatre colonnes. Les Allemands tentent de retarder leur avance, mais sans succès. Windhoek est capturée le . Dans les deux mois qui suivent, toutes les forces allemandes se rendent.

Afrique de l'Est

Pendant les quatre années du conflit, les forces alliées Britanniques, Belges et Portugaises ne parviennent pas à battre définitivement l'armée de l'Afrique orientale allemande (aujourd'hui la Tanzanie, le Rwanda et le Burundi). Les opérations provoquent des dizaines de milliers de victimes dont 99 % résultent de maladies endémiques. Le commandant allemand, le colonel (plus tard général) Lettow Vorbeck parvient à conserver la capacité combattive de son armée en menant une campagne de guérilla contre ses adversaires pendant toute la durée de la Grande Guerre. Ce succès est resté légendaire, mais il a eu un impact très faible sur le cours de la Première Guerre mondiale.

Les forces allemandes subissent des raids, des attaques et des embuscades à quoi elles ripostent par la même tactique de harcèlement. Les forces allemandes se battent sur l'ensemble du territoire de l'Afrique orientale allemande, les troupes vivant en capturant les fournitures militaires des armées britanniques et portugaises.

Les troupes du Congo Belge attaquent les positions allemandes de la rive Est du lac Tanganyika dès 1914. Les Belges ont amené sur leur rive du lac des bateaux démontables et deux hydravions, ce qui constitue la première apparition de l'aviation dans le ciel de l'Afrique centrale. Cette supériorité matérielle entraîne la destruction de la flottille allemande. Ensuite, les forces belges sous les ordres du général Charles Tombeur repoussent les Allemands et entrent en Afrique Orientale, avançant en colonnes soutenues par  dans le but de faire jonction avec des forces britanniques. Les Belges remportent la victoire à Tabora et, de 1916 à 1918, ils vont continuer à combattre dans une partie de l'Est africain allemand englobant le Ruanda et l'Urundi.

Selon les chiffres disponibles, les effectifs de la Force Publique Congolaise se sont élevés à  soldats,  porteurs-militaires statutaires et  porteurs-militaires engagés pour la guerre, sans compter un nombre inconnu de femmes utilisées pour diverses corvées. Au total, ce sont au minimum  personnes issues du Congo belge qui furent impliquées directement dans les combats, parmi lesquelles au-moins  hommes perdirent la vie (le nombre des femmes mortes pendant le conflit reste inconnu).

À titre de comparaison, les effectifs de l'armée belge sur le front de l'Yser atteignaient entre  et  personnes selon la source. Entre  et  d'entre-eux n'en revinrent jamais. En termes d'effectifs et de vies perdues, l'effort de guerre de la Force Publique Congolaise en Afrique aurait donc été du même ordre de grandeur que celui de l'armée belge en Europe.

En 1916, les Britanniques donnent à Jan Smuts, ancien commandant boer, la responsabilité de vaincre les Allemands. Sa conquête de l'Afrique orientale allemande est méthodique, mais moyennement réussie car seule la région nord de la colonie allemande est vraiment conquise à l'automne 1916, les troupes britanniques ayant conquis la seule ligne de chemin de fer de la colonie allemande, ce qui leur donne la maîtrise de la région s'étendant au nord de la ligne. L'armée de Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck n'est toujours pas vaincue et reste active longtemps après le départ de Jan Smuts pour le Cabinet de guerre impérial à Londres en 1917. Les forces allemandes sont alors divisées. À l'est, elles doivent contenir la pression belge, à l'ouest, elles sont confrontées aux Britanniques, mais aussi aux Portugais venus de leur colonie de l'Afrique de l'est (actuellement le Mozambique). Le commandant en chef allemand Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck parvient, en manœuvrant ses forces avec rapidité, à contrer tour à tour chacun de ses adversaires et repousse les Portugais jusqu'à se réfugier dans leur propre colonie où il s'empare de stocks de munitions et de vivres. Plus tard, il va tenter de contre-attaquer en Afrique Orientale Allemande, mais va finir par se trouver acculé en Rhodésie du Nord en 1918.

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck accepte un cessez-le-feu sur la rivière Chambeshi, le , après avoir reçu un télégramme l'informant que l'Allemagne avait signé l'armistice le . La reddition officielle est signée le  à Abercorn. Il est dit que l'armée de Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck n'a jamais été vaincue au combat, même si elle a reculé dans de nombreux engagements.

Afrique du Nord

Elle opposa principalement les Senoussi et des tribus berbères, appuyées par l'Empire ottoman et l'Empire allemand, au Royaume-Uni, à l'Italie et à la France dans le sud-ouest de la Libye et en Tripolitaine.

Les Ottomans avaient l'intention d'ouvrir un nouveau front afin d'attirer les troupes britanniques combattant dans le Sinaï et en Palestine afin de réduire la pression que les Allemands subissaient de la part des Alliés sur d'autres fronts. Les Italiens, qui souhaitaient conserver les gains territoriaux qu'ils avaient fait par le biais du traité de Lausanne, participèrent au conflit.

Après la guerre

La guerre a marqué la fin de l'éphémère empire colonial allemand. Le Royaume-Uni, la France et la Belgique se sont partagé les colonies africaines de l'Allemagne. Par la suite, les anciennes colonies allemandes ont accédé à l'indépendance à dater des années 1960. La Namibie fut la dernière à accéder à l'indépendance, en l'obtenant, en 1988, de l'Afrique du Sud qui avait reçu un mandat de la S.D.N. sur ce territoire .

Notes

Sources

 Karl Waldeck: "Gut und Blut für unsern Kaiser", Windhoek-Namibia 2010,
 Historicus Africanus: "Der 1. Weltkrieg in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1914/15", Volume 1,  Edition Windhoek 2012,
 Historicus Africanus: "Der 1. Weltkrieg in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1914/15", Volume 2, "Naulila", Windhoek 2012,
 Historicus Africanus: "der 1. Weltkrieg in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1914/15", Volume 3, "Kämpfe im Süden", Windhoek 2014,

Voir aussi

Bataille ou opération de la Première Guerre mondiale
Première Guerre Mondiale


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November 2, 2021 in dating apps
18 interesting info about Slovenia, the united states just where one in 20 anyone keep on bees
Proceed with the author of this particular article
Keep to the subjects inside this content
T the man Britain soccer professionals gamble host to Slovenia this evening – but we'll bet that most Britons watching the game are simply vaguely familiar with the east American place. Hence let's burn a little bit of illumination.
1. These people adore bees
"Hives and sweetie is practically an institution in Slovenia – you'll find about 90,000 beekeepers in a citizens of simply two million," explains Chris Leadbeater. "Indeed, beekeeping are a primary portion of the personality of a place that needs all specific characteristics could realize. Its, beyond their capital, a semi-forested sphere, and bees flourish in it. It also features a distinct stress on the pest – Carniolan bees, which you'll find are valued to aid their non-aggressive disposition and employees ethic."
2. It's one of the 10 best European countries
Each year most of us talk to readers to name the company's finest towns and region included in the Telegraph trips prizes. Above 70,000 had their unique declare in 2016, and Slovenia got called the 10th most useful region in European countries (putting it to increase Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and chicken, to name a few).
3. the two dont will quarrel
The annual tranquility listing, "the world's lead way of measuring national peacefulness", tosses Slovenia in 7th place from 163 land.
"The state's perfect individual characteristic could be the Slovenes themselves: quietly careful, profoundly self-assured, amazingly broad-minded, specially resistant and really, extremely welcoming," states Telegraph Travel's Slovenia knowledgeable, Steve Fallon. "So its positioning comes as no real surprise."
4. Its financing keeps a smaller group than Coventry
Simply 278,853 labeled as Ljubljana room.
5. it features a fairy-tale castle
Chris Leadbeater publishes: "Slovenia's funds is actually an absolute box of pleasures – thus small and picturesque merely beginning to ponder if perhaps the residents need for some reason hidden the uglier features of the area. Plus its capped with the medieval work of art which forms the skyline. Initially included the 11th and 12th years, and remodelled for the 15th, it has got forgotten a number of the fortress snarl – nonetheless it rewards people who make hike upwards to drink a coffee in another of the stunning courtyards."
Good condos in Ljubljiana
6. That they like to get dressed up
To observe, or scare out, the termination of winter months, Slovenians dress in typical masks and costumes in a practice – also known as Kurentovanje – that has been going on in excess of 50 years.
7. It's where you can find Europe's inexpensive snow holiday resort
The Post Office's most recent learn into skiing charges highlighted Kranjska Gora while the lowest priced destination in European countries. The report likened the cost of merchandise hire, lift passes, skiing session and lunches for a family of four keeping for six weeks. The full total expense got ?1,071 in Kranjska Gora, in contrast with more than ?2,000 in Swiss destinations.
8. then one for the world's most breathtaking lakes
Steve Fallon says of body of water Bled: "Mild thermal springs warm water of these impossibly breathtaking cobalt-blue sea to 26°C, rendering it an excellent place for a swim well into autumn: there are diving segments about north and american shores. But what causes it to be extremely unique may small, tear-shaped isle toward the western area of the body of water. Upon it you may visit limited art gallery as well as the charming religious associated with supposition with 14th-century mural fragments and a gold baroque altar. If you want an unique prefer, ring the 'wishing toll' into the 15th-century religious belfry and it will be given."
9. There's a great urban area you've not heard of before
Maribor, which. Anthony Gardner, creating for Telegraph trips, describes: "they are saying there certainly is just one thirty day period of the year if you should not see Maribor. In midwinter this has first-class skiing; in fountain the Kurent Carnival occurs in close Ptuj; in summer the riverside Lent coin is appropriated by artists and route artists; as well as in autumn the nearby vineyards commemorate their unique pick. November alone is widely seen as way too gloomy to consider."
10. It's a world's more environmentally-friendly states
The Environmental Performance crawl (EPI), generated by the Yale facility for eco rules & rules, is dependent on an assessment of the procedures of 180 regions, showing whether or not they tends to be encounter internationally established green targets or, inside the absence of agreed goals, the way they rival one another. Slovenia played wonderfully, with a rating of 88.98. Merely four regions (Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Denmark) can best it.
11. More than half the land is actually secured
An impressive 53.6 % of Slovenia is definitely shielded area, an increased fraction than just about any country in the world except Venezuela. Steve Fallon brings: "With over fifty percent of the complete room sealed in woodland, Slovenia actually is one of the greenest places globally."
12. There's a location for white-water rafting
Some sort of outside the stillness of pond Bled, and Slovenia's pint-sized and charming investment, Ljubljana, is actually a part famous for walking and white-water rafting. Bovec, which straddles the Soca River, is the best base for the latter, while those keen on the former can attempt the hike to Mount Triglav, the country's highest peak at 2,864m. "It looks of the nation's flag and folk below don't believe they are true Slovenians until these people increase they at least one time," explains Steve Fallon.
13. owners become higher, previous – and prefer to smoking and have wines
good, only some of them. But Slovenia is amongst the 10 tallest nations on the planet (a normal male methods 1.803m) and one belonging to the 10 many senior (the residents become 43.5 years, typically).
14. It is deeper below the ground
Considered one of Slovenia's four business history internet was Skocjan caverns, among the largest underground canyons around and home to four miles of underground passages, big chambers, and falls. Postojna Cave, meanwhile, will be the place's the majority of visited fascination. Their formations of stalagmites and stalactites are generally matchless anyplace and now it is the home of the threatened Proteus anguinus, a blind salamander titled "the real fish" due to the pinkish epidermis colour.
15. There's a vineyard per 70 consumers
Roughly it really is reported. Nevertheless, Slovenian drink is almost certainly tipped for good facts. "The wider Vipava pit, in the exact middle of Slovenia's dry out Karst location, create some first-class purple wines, contains Merlot and its own distinctive ruby Teran," says Steve Fallon. "First-time subscribers should mind for Vinoteka Vipava, a tourist details centre and vino basement with more than 100 wines to taste and people to help you to approach their route."
16. Possible visit the seashore
17. Or sleep-in an imprisonment
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Kind of. The Ljubljana Marshes Wheel could be the first actually Rochester escort service ever determine. Radiocarbon a relationship tosses the years at 5,150 a very long time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Biologists with the Division of Wildlife Resources are recommending changes that will affect anglers in Utah for the next two years. If the changes are approved, you'd be allowed to use corn as bait at all of Utah's fishing waters, keep more lake trout at Flaming Gorge Reservoir, enjoy a two-day possession limit statewide, and have a better chance at catching big channel catfish at Cutler Reservoir.
And that's just the start. The biologists are recommending numerous changes for the 2019 and 2020 fishing seasons. You can see all of their recommendations at www.wildlife.utah.gov/public_meetings/rac/2018-09_rac_packet.pdf.
After you've reviewed the ideas, you can share your thoughts with your Regional Advisory Council members by attending your upcoming RAC meeting or by sending an email to them.
RAC chairmen will share the input they receive with members of the Utah Wildlife Board when the board meets in Salt Lake City on Sept. 27 to approve rules for Utah's 2019 and 2020 fishing seasons.
You can also provide your comments to your RAC via email. Email addresses for your RAC members are available at www.wildlife.utah.gov/dwr/rac-members.html.
The group each RAC member represents (sportsman, non-consumptive, etc.) is listed under each person's email address. You should direct your email to the people on the RAC who represent your interest.
Over the past two years, anglers have been allowed to use corn on eight lakes and reservoirs in Utah. During that time, DWR conservation officers have kept a close eye on the amount of litter those fishing with corn have left behind. The officers are happy to report that they haven't seen an impact.
If approved by the Utah Wildlife Board, anglers could use corn—at all of Utah's fishing waters—starting Jan. 1, 2019.
Changes at Flaming Gorge Reservoir would give you more chances to help reduce a growing population of smaller lake trout. Reducing the number of smaller lake trout should help the reservoir return to its 'glory days' when it produced some of the largest lake trout in the country in good numbers.
Biologists are recommending that the daily lake trout limit be increased to 12 lake trout, but only one could be over 28 inches long. Currently, anglers are allowed to keep only eight lake trout.
Oplinger says a growing population of smaller lake trout is causing problems for anglers. "The smaller lake trout are competing with kokanee salmon and rainbow trout for food," he says.
Some anglers who take the time to travel to Flaming Gorge and Strawberry reservoirs want to spend more than one day fishing before coming home. To give them a chance to keep more fish, DWR biologists are proposing that two-day possession limits be established at both waters. Currently, you may not have more than one daily limit in your possession while fishing at either water.
If changes recommended by the biologists are approved, Cutler Reservoir could become 'the place' in Utah to catch big channel catfish.
At Cutler and its tributaries, biologists would like to reduce the daily catfish limit to four fish. Reducing the limit from eight fish to four fish would keep more channel cats in the reservoir and allow them to grow to a bigger size.


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Ana-Maria Bogdan
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Top 10 Most Fascinating Facts about Dolphins
It's not without a good reason why Ancient Greeks called dolphins "hieros ichthys" which means sacred fish. Dolphins are extremely intelligent and full of surprises as you'll see …
Ana-Maria Bogdan on April 13, 2018
Do you remember dolphin Flipper, Alpha & Beta, Hope and Winter, Snowflake, Orca Willy or Jones, the retired Navy dolphin-hacker from Johnny Mnemonic? If you do, it means two things: you've met some of the most loved dolphins of the planet that made it to the big screen; also, you already know how lovable they are, just like their relatives swimming in the deep waters of the oceans.
Dolphins – the sacred fish
The Ancient Greeks called dolphins "hieros ichthys" which means sacred fish. They went so far as considering the killing of a dolphin a sacrilegious act and therefore punishable by death.
The name of the dolphin is also linked to the Greeks, as it originally came δελφίς (delphís), "dolphin", which was related to the Greek δελφύς (delphus), "womb". The animal's name can therefore be interpreted as meaning "a fish with a womb". The name was transmitted via the Latin "delphinus", which in Medieval Latin became "dolfinus" and in Old French "daulphin", which reintroduced the 'ph' into the word.
In modern languages we now have it as "dolphin" in English, "dupin" in Croatian, "delfino" in Italian, "delfín" in Czech and Spanish, "delfin" in Romanian, "delfiini" in Finish, "dolfijn" in Dutch, or "dolffiniaid" in Welsh.
Dolphin's quick facts list
Order: Cetacea
Scientific name: Delphinadae (oceanic species) and Platanistoidea (river species)
Type: Mammal
Diet: Carnivore;
Lifespan: 12-20 years
Size: 1.2-9.1m long
Weight: 40 kg to over 6 tonnes
Range: Global, typically found in shallow seawater of the continental shelves
Dolphins are extraordinarily intelligent, friendly, funny, playful and full of surprises. And with such treats, who can remain immune to their charm? It's no wonder that Albert Einstein praised them by saying that "There's no question dolphins are smarter than humans as they play more."
Here are the top 10 most fascinating things about dolphins that we've dug out for you.
1. Nearly 40 species of dolphins
Well-known for their playful character, most dolphins swim in the in shallow areas of tropical and temperate oceans, yet there are some who enjoy living in the rivers. There are over 40 species of dolphins, the most common being the Bottlenose dolphin.
2. Dolphin's amazing brain
Dolphins are not just lovely creatures, but they are also extremely intelligent. By comparing the ratio size of brain to body, scientists came to the conclusion that dolphins rank second, right after the humans! A dolphin's brain is 4-5 times larger than those of other animals of similar size.
3. They sleep resting one side of the brain at a time
To prevent drowning while sleeping only half of the dolphin's brain goes to sleep! The other half remains awake so they can continue to breathe! It is said that dolphins are as smart as apes, and that the evolution of their larger brains is surprisingly similar to humans.
4. Dolphins have 2 stomachs
One is used for storage of food and the other is used for digestion. By the way, dolphins never chew their food, they swallow it as a whole. Their teeth are used only to catch their prey; fish, squid and crustacean are their favourite. Also, a 260-pound dolphin eats about 33 pounds of fish a day.
5. The best sonar in the world
Dolphin sonar is the best in nature and superior to bats' and man-made sonar. Just like bats, they use echolocation to navigate and hunt, bouncing high-pitched sounds off of objects, and listening for the echoes. Their teeth work as a kind of antenna to pick up the sounds bounced back by their prey during echolocation.
6. Babies protected by midwives
Depending on the species, dolphin's gestation takes 9 to 17 months and mothers breastfeed calves for two or three years. Dolphins have been observed nestling and cuddling with their young. It is in the nature of the dolphins to stick with their mothers between three and eight years before they leave their pod.
7. Dolphins attend the sick relatives
It is said that elephants caring for a crippled herd member is a sign of empathy. Well, we could say the same about the dolphins who are often seen tending to the sick, the ill, old and the injured in their group, which is known as "pod". If needed, they can help others breathe by bringing them to the surface.
8. Dolphins know how to use tools
It would be an overstatement to call dolphins carpenter, but for sure they know how to use tools! They use broken off sea sponges to protect their noses while they forage! But, make no mistake, dolphins are not the only creatures using tools. Recent studies talk about chimps who use rocks to crack nuts, while others fish for termites with blades of grass. Gorillas gauge the depth of water with the equivalent of a dipstick.
9. Great at healing themselves
Dolphins have an extremely sensitive skin, so they can easily get injured at the slightest touch of a hard surface. Despite the sensitivity, they have a great healing capacity even from deep wounds like the shark bites. The experts do not have a clear explanation for this phenomenon, especially since they claim that similar mammals suffering from similar wounds would die from a hemorrhage instead.
10. Orca, the killer whale is a dolphin
Though called killer whales, orcas are not whales! Orcas, are the largest of the dolphins and one of the world's most powerful predators. With a lifespan in the wild ranging from 50 to 80 years, Orcas can reach up to 32 feet and 6 tons. They feast on marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, and even whales. This is where they also got the nickname of "killer whales". Orcas (Orcinus orca) are also known for grabbing seals right off the ice. They also eat fish, squid, and seabirds.
April 14, 2018 – Happy Dolphin Day!
Dolphins have a whole day dedicated to their existence for a good reason, as some species of dolphin are endangered, and the biggest threat to their future is man. Let's raise awareness for the protection of these beautiful creatures.
Category: Thoughts & Dots
Tag: Cetacea, dolphin, Dolphin Day, healing, killer whale, orca, sonar
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The Magical Garlic of All People
The Magical Garlic - Vampire Stories
Garuda's Protecting Power
The Universal Day of the Romanian Blouse
21 Romanian Communist Jokes
Columbia Business School Course on Digital Strategies for Business
Last Call for Participants — European Communication Monitor 2019
IAB Mixx Awards 2018
The Almighty Healing Garlic of the Ancients
Leaders about People: 11 Favorite Quotes
Wasting the Good Will of People
Writing from time to time about some of the things I love the most … business transformation, innovation, startups, digital projects, content development and information architecture, my travel discoveries, Romania and other things that get my attention.
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Polyurethane foam plugs, Chromosorb 102, and Tenax GC have all been found to be better sorbents than cottonseed oil for high volume collection of airborne chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. None of these were satisfactory for the recovery of carbofuran or carbaryl. A new high volume collecting module concept capable of use with polyurethane foam, porous polymer beads, liquid coated glass beads, or other solids was developed. The entire collector is Soxhlet extracted and no disassembly is required. The collector-extractor is ready for reuse as soon as residential solvent is removed.
"Prepared for Health Effects Research Lab, Research Triangle Park, NC." "Contract No. 68-02-2235." Includes bibliographical references.


Damage is, quite simply, the ability to cause physical damage. This is one of the three most common classifications and is generally straightforward. The most common form of this is an energy blast of some kind. This classification is only applied to a direct ability that causes damage. If a metahuman were to make a superstrong minion, for example, they would only receive a Spawning classification.
Exemplar Tier - This is limited to the ability to cause damage that can be reproduced by modern weaponry. For example, the ability to accelerate small objects to terminal speeds.
Paragons Tier - This tier is a step up to larger, vehicle sized weapons, like gatling or tank guns.
Apex Tier - Powers that reach and surpass modern artillery and bombardments.
God Tier - The scary powers that are capable of wiping out most of a city in one use. This is what DiL commonly uses for her attacks.
Transcendent Tier - Theoretically, this power would be the equivalent of a nuclear bomb. This power has yet to be seen, except for DiL in a couple of battles.
Damage effects arise when the metahuman has the need to physically harm someone or otherwise destroy something. The damage is not necessarily ill-intended, and can simply be from the belief that offense is the best defense, the need to strike down an attacker, or to destroy an obstacle.


text:
Consultant Alleges FBI Had Backdoors Installed into OpenBSD
By William Jackson
A former FBI consultant claims the FBI had backdoors installed in the OpenBSD operating system to allow the agency to eavesdrop on virtual private networks used by U.S. attorneys nearly a decade ago. However, one of the developers accused of installing those backdoors has vigorously denied those claims.
Gregory Perry, now CEO of GoVirtual Education, made the allegation Dec. 11 in a personal e-mail to OpenBSD founder Theo de Raadt, who published it three days later on the OpenBSD Tech mailing list.
"That message sent to Theo was not intended for public consumption but rather as a call to audit the OpenBSD codebase, which has been used to create derivative products in the thousands," Perry told this reporter.
Jason Wright, a developer named by Perry as one of those who inserted backdoor software and who now is an engineer at the Energy Department's Idaho National Laboratory, denied the allegation in his own posting, calling it a "cloak and dagger fairy tale."
"I will state clearly that I did not add backdoors to the OpenBSD operating system or the Open BSD crypto framework," he wrote. "I welcome an audit of everything I committed to OpenBSD's tree."
Wright demanded an apology from Perry and chastised de Raadt for publishing the accusation with no warning to him.
De Raadt in his posting agreed that publishing a personal message was troublesome. "However, the 'little ethic' of a private mail being forwarded is much smaller than the 'big ethic' of government paying companies to pay open-source developers to insert privacy-invading holes in software."
The backdoor was supposedly included in the IPSEC stack that provides cryptography for VPNs. Access to cryptographic keys could allow an eavesdropper to decipher VPN traffic.
William Jackson is the senior writer for Government Computer News (GCN.com).


text:
Cute, Video, World
A sloth found hanging from electrical wires after climbing up the pole in Colombia has been successfully rescued by public workers after a 20-minute operation.
A sloth found hanging from electrical wires after climbing up the pole in Antioquia, Colombia was successfully rescued by public workers after a 20-minute operation.
Residents from the community spotted the sloth at noon and called the Colombian public service workers for help.
A 38 year-old public service worker, Víctor Hugo López, was in charge of the rescue.
A video showing López carrying out the mission shows the sloth initially hesitating and moving away from López.
After 20 minutes, López managed to calm the sloth down with some encouraging words and got it to cling on a broom to bring it down.
The sloth was then returned to its original habitat afterwards as shown in a video shared on Twitter by Empresas Públicas de Medellín, the public utilities company.
"Welcome to freedom, little sloth. Go up on the tree, now. Don't go falling down, son," López tells the sloth in the video.
Colombia is home to four of the six sloth subspecies.


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With yet another New York Bridal Fashion Week in the books, we are looking back on all the fabulous trends that are still inspiring us! From suits, to new textures and fabrics, we are nothing but amazed at what the upcoming season will bring! There's something for every bride when it comes to bridal style, and we loving where bridal fashion is headed. Keep scrolling to see our top three favorite trends from the Spring 2020 runway, and visit our Instagram profile for more live-action photos straight from the shows under the "RUNWAY" highlight tab!
This dainty, spotted print made its way up and down the runway this season, and we can't get enough. From studded and jeweled polkadot looks, to our favorite and more commonly seen Swiss dot fabric, these feminine gowns made quite a statement. Be sure to look for this fabulous Blush by Hayley Paige style from the Spring 2020 collection at Bella Rose Bridal, J.J. Kelly Bridal, and Prim.
While pantsuits are nothing new to the New York runways, bridal short suits are! While we saw many short styles ranging from rompers to cropped top ensembles, we most often saw shorts paired with a blazer-cut jacket. This suit set from Reem Acra is one of the more sleek looks we saw this spring, with another major fashion week trend – minimalism – on display. Shop the all-new Reem Acra collection locally at J.J. Kelly Bridal.
Striped gowns were back this season, and in a BIG WAY! We spotted every look from bold lines, like in this Wtoo gown, to more subtle textures layered beneath traditional floral designs. This playful patters is a great option for any preppy, nautical-inspired, or whimsical wedding! Shop this look and other Spring 2020 Wtoo bridal gowns locally at J.J. Kelly Bridal, The Bridal Boutique, and Prescott Bridal.
Looking for other trends straight from the runway? Keep a look out for the newest designs to hit our favorite local stores in the months to come at J.J. Kelly Bridal, The Bridal Boutique, Prescott Bridal, Prim, Bella Rose Bridal and Chantilly Couture.
If you're looking for a modern venue for your upcoming wedding, you've come to the right place! Today we are sharing seven of our favorite modern Oklahoma wedding venues that are filled with contemporary charm and one-of-a-kind style. Enjoy!
The beautiful 21c Museum Hotel OKC venue in downtown Oklahoma City is perfect for any event, from your ceremony to your rehearsal dinner. Located in the historical Fred Jones building, this contemporary venue is artsy, unique and has a large event space to fit your needs!
The sophisticated dining, unique spaces and exceptional art of the Oklahoma City Museum of Art makes it the perfect location to host any special event. Located in the Arts District, you'll find beautiful rooftop views of OKC and a one-of-a-kind experience.
High above the clouds, V2 Events at Vast is something special! Enjoy several private event spaces on the 50th floor of the Devon Tower with V2 Events at Vast. The contemporary, chic rooms feature an intimate setting for your event as well as beautiful downtown views. The service and food with V2 is unlike any other!
Make your event a truly unforgettable experience with views of landscaped gardens, breathtaking sunsets and the nighttime glow of the Crystal Bridge Tropical Conservatory at Park House at Myriad Gardens. This venue is ideal for a modern garden themed ceremony, reception and so much more!
Sunsets over OKC can't be beat with a view like this! If you are looking for a more modern feel with an epic skyline view, Capitol View Event Center might be for you. As a blank canvas, the venue sparks creativity and lends itself to any type of design. Whether you envision a simple setting or lavishly decorated reception, the space can easily transform to the beautiful event of your dreams.
Oklahoma City's NEWEST, Premier Event Space is Sanctuary Asia at Oklahoma City Zoo! Be one of the first to host your wedding reception in the Zoo's spectacular new event space, Sanctuary Asia, with stunning floor to ceiling windows overlooking the elephant, Asian rhino and komodo dragon habitats. What could be better?
A scenic outdoor lawn and a southern style wraparound veranda beckon us for a floral engagement celebration at the beautiful Golf Club of Oklahoma! Just eight miles from Tulsa, this stunning venue appears straight out of a movie, sitting on 525 secluded acres of scenic land, with towering oaks and a 32-acre lake. It's the epitome of a country club soirée and Andi Bravo Photography captured this berry and plum-hued scene beautifully! Joining deep floral notes with fruity tones, the feminine setting came together seamlessly! Blue Label Bartending provided the colorful cocktails, while Ever Something livened up every corner of the space with incredible blooms of all shades pink and purple. Subtle hints of gold popped up throughout the venue and even on the gorgeous four-tier cake from Laurannae Baking Co. It wouldn't be a floral engagement celebration without a statement-making ring, and the oval halo cut beauty from Jewels by Simpson is a stunner! A bold watercolor invitation suite from The Letter Box sets the tone, inviting guests to this sweet southern celebration – we can't get enough! Cheers!
We are here to give you the 411 on all things 90s color and flair with this flashback styled shoot, styled by Alli Coleman Events! Inspired by Ralph Lauren's country club vibes and model Cindy Crawford, this team set to work creating the ultimate preppy wedding inspiration at The Baumberhof. Vibrant yellow blooms by Poppy Lane Design and patterned linens from Marianne's Rentals Special Event Solutions were juxtaposed with navy blue accents. The five-tiered navy blue cake by Amy Cakes with textured, cross-hatch piping makes for a perfect stand-alone centerpiece. There was no better way to announce this special soiree than a classic monogram invitation suite by No Regrets. With all the 90s fashions coming back in style, it's no wonder we're loving this model's bride's look! Her structured, strapless ball gown and lengthy veil from J.J. Kelly Bridal are to-die for! Profile Concierge Hair Service's paired the glamorous look with sleek, middle-parted hair and a bright red lip (of course!), and her ensemble was finished with a glam ring set from BC Clark Jewelers and a punchy yellow bouquet. Holly Gannett Photography captured all these 90s chic details, and you can bet we will totally be obsessing over them for decades to come. Major props!
My oh my! This colorful and whimsical styled bridal shower by June Sixteenth Events | Florals makes our hearts melt! Kicking off this sweet soiree, Paper + More created a beautiful invitation with deckle edge paper and watercolor florals to invite guests to the intimate affair. The paperie was matched with place cards for the guests adorning the windows of Dresser Mansion and custom champagne bottle labels for an adorable toast to the soon-to-be-couple. A lounge was set outside with a vintage sofa, perfect for a photo op with the shoot's photographer Tammy Odell, and a worn table ready to collect all the gifts, both from Runaway Belle Vintage Rentals. Inside the mansion, the party's family style tablescape was set with effeminate centerpieces by June Sixteenth and a collection of minimalistic white and gold dinnerware from Party Pro Rents. Each place setting was topped with the guest's own adorable mini cake created by Sweet Devotion Cakery atop plates from Plenty Mercantile, and a complementing nearly naked wedding cake was a centerpiece all on its own. Shades of pink were the perfect subtle tones for the dresses from Prescott Bridal that the real life bride, mother-of-the-bride and grandmother-of-the-bride chose to wear. Each look was completed with glimmering jewelry from Naifeh Fine Jewelry and elegant glam by BRUSHED Salon and Makeup Studio. We must call attention to the bride's twisted updo, though – WOW! With a theme such as this, the bride-to-be is sure to be surrounded with love and well wishes from her friends and family. Keep scrolling to start planning the bridal shower of your dreams!


text:
Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary
Nave Topical Bible
Abel-Shittim
Abel-Mizraim
Abel-Meholah
(only first 3 shown)
Scofield Reference Index
American Tract Society
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary
Fausset Bible Dictionary
Holman Bible Dictionary
Hitchcock Bible Names
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Morrish Bible Dictionary
Abel, the Great
Provancher, Leon Abel
Hawker's Poor Man's Dictionary
People's Dictionary of the Bible
Smith Bible Dictionary
Abel-beth-maachah
Abel Stone of
Whyte's Bible Characters
Wilson's Bible Types
Abeler
Watson's Theological Dictionary
Abel-Misraim
1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt
Sir Frederick Augustus Abel
Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia
Stiles, Abel,
Stewart, Abel T., D.D.
Moysey, Charles Abel
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
Abel, Sir F. a.
Abel, Henry
Bl. Thomas Abel
The Jewish Encyclopedia
ܗܳܒ݂ܶܝܠ
Ἅβελ
אָבֵל , אָבֵל
אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה
אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים , הַשִּׁטִּים
He was the second son of Adam and Eve, and born probably in the second or third year of the world; though some will have it that he and Cain were twins. His name signifies vapour, vanity, and might be given either because our first parents now began so to feel the emptiness and vanity of all earthly things, that the birth of another son reminded them painfully of it, although in itself a matter of joy; or it was imposed under prophetic impulse, and obscurely referred to his premature death. His employment was that of a shepherd; Cain followed the occupation of his father, and was a tiller of the ground. Whether they remained in their father's family at the time when they brought their offerings to the Lord, or had establishments separate from that of Adam, does not clearly appear. Abel was probably unmarried, or had no children; but Cain's wife is mentioned. "At the end of the days,"—which is a more literal rendering than "in process of time," as in our translation, that is, on the Sabbath,— both brothers brought an offering to the Lord. Cain "brought of the fruit of the ground;" Abel "the firstlings of his flock, and of the fat thereof." "And the Lord had respect to Abel and to his offering; but unto Cain and his offering he had not respect." As Cain afterward complains that "he should be hid from the face or presence of the Lord," it is probable that the worship of the first family was performed before some. visible manifestation of the glory of God, which thus consecrated a particular place for their services. Some have thought that this was at the east gate of Eden, where "Cherubim and a flaming sword were placed;" but this was a vengeful manifestation, and could only have inspired a dread of God inconsistent with the confidence and hope with which men through the promise of redemption were now encouraged to draw nigh to him. The respect which God was pleased to show to Abel's offering, appears from the account to have been sensibly declared; for Cain must have known by some token that the sacrifice of Abel was accepted, the absence of which sign, as to his own offering, showed that it was rejected. Whether this was by fire going forth from "the presence of the Lord," to consume the sacrifice, as in later instances recorded in the Old Testament, or in some other way, it is in vain to inquire;—that the token of acceptance was a sensible one is however an almost certain inference. The effect of this upon Cain was not to humble him before God, but to excite anger against his brother; and, being in the field with him, or, as the old versions have it, having said to him, "Let us go out into the field," "he rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him;" and for that crime, by which the first blood of man was shed by man upon the earth,—a murder aggravated by the relationship and the "righteous" character of the sufferer, and having in it also the nature of religious persecution,—he was pronounced by the Lord "cursed from the earth."
2. As the sacrifice of Abel is the first on record, and has given rise to some controversy, it demands particular attention. It was offered, says St. Paul, "in faith," and it was "a more excellent sacrifice" than that of Cain. Both these expressions intimate that it was EXPIATORY and PREFIGURATIVE.
As to the matter of the sacrifice, it was an animal offering. "Cain brought of the fruit of the ground; and Abel also brought of the firstlings of his flock, and of the fat thereof;" or, more literally, "the fat of them," that is, according to the Hebrew idiom, the fattest or best of his flock; and in this circumstance consisted its specific character as an act of faith. This is supported by the import of the phrase, ωλειονα υσιαν , used by the Apostle in the Epistle to the Hebrews, when speaking of the sacrifice of Abel. Our translators have rendered it, "a more excellent sacrifice." Wickliffe translates it, as Archbishop Magee observes, uncouthly, but in the full sense of the original, "a much more sacrifice;" and the controversy which has arisen on this point is, whether this epithet of "much more," or "fuller," refers to quantity or quality; whether it is to be understood in the sense of a more abundant, or of a better, a more excellent sacrifice. Dr. Kennicott takes it in the sense of measure and quantity, as well as quality; and supposes that Abel brought a double offering of the firstlings of his flock, and of the fruit of the ground also. His criticism has been very satisfactorily refuted by Archbishop Magee. The sacrifice of Abel was that of animal victims, and it was indicative not of gratitude but of "faith:" a quality not to be made manifest by the quantity of an offering, for the one has no relation to the other.
3. This will more fully appear if we consider the import of the words of the Apostle,— "By FAITH Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained WITNESS that he was RIGHTEOUS, God testifying of his gifts; and by it, he, being dead, yet speaketh." Now what is the meaning of the Apostle, when he says that it was witnessed or testified to Abel that he was righteous? His doctrine is, that men are sinners; that all, consequently, need pardon; and to be declared, witnessed, and accounted righteous, are, according to his style of writing, the same as "to be justified, pardoned, and dealt with as righteous." Thus he argues that Abraham believed God, "and it was accounted to him for righteousness,"—"that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness,"—"that he received the sign of circumcision, a seal," a visible confirmatory, declaratory, and witnessing mark "of the righteousness which he had by faith." In these cases we have a similarity so striking, that they can scarcely fail to explain each other. In both, sinful men are placed in the condition of righteous men; the instrument in both cases, is
faith; and the transaction is, in both cases also, publicly and sensibly witnessed, —as to Abraham, by the sign of circumcision; as to Abel, by a visible acceptance of his sacrifice, and the rejection of that of Cain.
Abel had faith, and he expressed that faith by the kind of sacrifice he offered. It was in this way that his faith "pleased God;" it pleased him as a principle, and by the act to which it led, which act was the offering of a sacrifice to God different from that of Cain. Cain had not this faith, whatever might be its object; and Cain, accordingly, did not bring an offering to which God had "respect." That which vitiated the offering of Cain was the want of this faith; for his offering was not significant of faith:
that which "pleased God," in the case of Abel, was his faith; and he had "respect" to his offering, because it was the expression of that faith; and upon his faith so expressing itself, God witnessed to him "that he was righteous." So forcibly do the words of St. Paul, when commenting upon this transaction, show, that Abel's sacrifice was accepted, because of its immediate connection with his faith, for by faith he is said to have offered it; and whatever it might be, which made Abel's offering differ from that of Cain, whether abundance, or kind, or both, this was the result of his faith. So evident also is it from the Apostle, that Abel was witnessed to be "righteous," not with reference to any previous "habit of a religious life," as some say, but with reference to his faith; and to this faith as expressing itself by his offering a more excellent sacrifice."
4. If, then, the faith of Abel had an immediate connection with his sacrifice, and both with his being accepted as "righteous,"—that is, justified, in St. Paul's use of the term,—to what had his faith respect? The particular object of the faith of the elders, celebrated in Hebrews 11, is to be deduced from the circumstances mentioned by St. Paul as illustrative of the existence and operation of this great principle, and by which it manifested itself in them. Let us explain this, and then ascertain the object of Abel's faith also from the manner of its manifestation,—from the acts in which it embodied and rendered itself conspicuous.
Faith, in this chapter, is taken in the sense of affiance in God, and, as such, it can only be exercised toward God, as to all its particular acts, in those respects in which we have some warrant to confide in him. This supposes revelation, and, in particular, promises or declarations on his part, as the ground of every act of affiance. When, therefore, it is said that "by faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death," it must be supposed that he had some promise or intimation to this effect, on which, improbable as the event was, he nobly relied; and in the result God honoured his faith in the sight of all men. The faith of Noah had immediate respect to the threatened flood, and to the promise of God to preserve him in the ark which he was commanded to prepare. The chapter is filled with other instances, expressed or implied; and from the whole, as well as from the nature of things, it will appear, that when the Apostle speaks of the faith of the elders in its particular acts, he represents it as having respect to some promise, declaration, or revelation of God.
This revelation was necessarily antecedent to the faith; but it is also to be observed, that the acts by which the faith was represented, whenever it was represented by particular acts, and when the case admitted it, had a natural and striking conformity and correspondence to the previous revelation. So Noah built the ark, which indicated that he had heard the threat of the world's destruction by water, and had received the promise of his own preservation, and that of his family, as well as that of a part of the beasts of the earth. When Abraham went into Canaan at the command of God, and upon the promise that that country should become the inheritance of his descendants, he showed his faith by taking possession of it for them in anticipation, and his residence there indicated the kind of promise which he had received. Thus these instances show, that when the faith which the Apostle commends exhibited itself in some particular act, that act had a correspondency to the previous promise or revelation which was the ground of faith. We must therefore interpret the acts of Abel's faith so as to make them also correspond with an antecedent revelation. His faith had respect to some previous revelation, and the nature of the revelation is to be collected from the significant manner in, which he declared his faith in it.
Now that which Abel did "by faith," was, generally, to perform an act of solemn worship, in the confidence that it would be acceptable to God. This supposes a revelation, immediate or by tradition, that such acts of worship were acceptable to God, or his faith could have had no warrant, and would not have been faith, but fancy. But the case must be considered more particularly. His faith led him to offer "a more excellent sacrifice" than that of Cain; but this as necessarily implies, that there was some antecedent revelation to which his faith, as thus expressed, had respect, and on which that peculiarity of his offering, which distinguished it from the offering of Cain, was founded; a revelation which indicated that the way in which God would be approached acceptably, in solemn worship, was by animal sacrifices. Without this, the faith to which his offering, which was an offering of the firstlings of his flock, had a special fitness and adaptation, could have had no warrant in Divine authority. But this revelation must have included, in order to its being the ground of faith, as "the substance of things hoped for," a promise of a benefit to be conferred, in which promise Abel might confide. But if so, then this promise must have been connected, not with the worship of God in general, or performed in any way whatever indifferently, but with his worship by animal oblations; for it was in this way that the faith of Abel specially and distinctively indicated itself. The antecedent revelation was, therefore, a promise of a benefit to be conferred, by means of animal sacrifice; and we are taught what this benefit was, by that which was actually received by the offerer,—"He obtained witness that he was righteous;" which must be interpreted in the sense of a declaration of his personal justification, and acceptance as righteous, by the forgiveness of his sins. The reason of Abel's acceptance and of Cain's rejection is hereby made manifest; the one, in seeking the Divine favour, conformed to his established and appointed method of being approached by guilty men, and the other not only neglected this, but profanely and presumptuously substituted his own inventions.
5. It is impossible, then, to allow the sacrifice of Abel, in this instance, to have been an act of FAITH, without supposing that it had respect to a previous revelation, which agreed with all the parts of that sacrificial action by which he expressed his faith in it. Had Abel's sacrifice been eucharistic merely, it would have expressed gratitude, but not faith; or if faith in the general sense of confidence in God that he would receive an act of grateful worship, and reward the worshippers, it did not more express faith than the offering of Cain, who surely believed these two points, or he would not have brought an offering of any kind. The offering of Abel expressed a faith which Cain had not; and the doctrinal principles which Abel's faith respected were such as his sacrifice visibly embodied. If it was not an eucharistic sacrifice, it was an expiatory one; and, in fact, it is only in a sacrifice of this kind, that it is possible to see that faith exhibited which Abel had, and Cain had not. If then we refer to the subsequent sacrifices of expiation appointed by Divine authority, and their explanation in the New Testament, it will be obvious to what doctrines and principles of an antecedent revelation the faith of Abel had respect, and which his sacrifice, the exhibition of his faith, proclaimed: confession of the fact of being a sinner,—acknowledgment that the demerit and penalty of sin is death,— submission to an appointed mode of expiation,—animal sacrifice offered vicariously, but in itself a mere type of a better sacrifice, "the Seed of the woman," appointed to be offered at some future period,—and the efficacy of this appointed method of expiation to obtain forgiveness, and to admit the guilty into the Divine favour.
"Abel," Dr. Magee justly says, "in firm reliance on the promise of God, and in obedience to his command, offered that sacrifice which had been enjoined as the religious expression of his faith; whilst Cain, disregarding the gracious assurances that had been vouchsafed, or at least disdaining to adopt the prescribed mode of manifesting his belief, possibly as not appearing to his reason to possess any efficacy or natural fitness, thought he had sufficiently acquitted himself of his duty in acknowledging the general superintendence of God, and expressing his gratitude to the Supreme Benefactor, by presenting some of those good things which he thereby confessed to have been derived from his bounty. In short, Cain, the first-born of the fall, exhibits the first fruits of his parents' disobedience, in the arrogance and self-sufficiency of reason rejecting the aids of revelation, because they fell not within its apprehension of right. He takes the first place in the annals of Deism, and displays, in his proud rejection of the ordinance of sacrifice, the same spirit which, in later days, has actuated his enlightened followers, in rejecting the sacrifice of Christ."
Abel was killed about the year of the world, 130.
Watson, Richard. Entry for 'Abel'. Richard Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/wtd/a/abel.html. 1831-2.
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text:
Q: How To Add JSON Value in Existed Nested JSON its possible for add new value JSON to existed nested JSON ?
My JSON its :
{
"meta": {
    "status": 200,
    "message": "Data retrieval successfully"
},
"data": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "F4rid arya",
    "created_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
    "updated_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
},
"commision" : 50000
}

I want move the "commision" nested to "data" like this :
{
"meta": {
    "status": 200,
    "message": "Data retrieval successfully"
},
"data": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "F4rid arya",
    "commision" : 50000
    "created_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
    "updated_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
},
}

This my code for create JSON :
const data = await User.find(id)
                let parsed = ResponseParser.apiItem(data.toJSON())

                var jsonCommision = {}
                jsonCommision = {
                    "commision": 15000000
                }
                let assignJson = Object.assign(parsed, jsonCommision)
                return response.status(200).send( assignJson )

A: You can assign commission property in obj.data by using Object.assign() method and then remove the outer commission property from the object.
Working Demo :

// Original object
const obj = {
  "meta": {
    "status": 200,
    "message": "Data retrieval successfully"
  },
  "data": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "F4rid arya",
    "created_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
    "updated_at": "2022-01-04 02:34:27",
  },
  "commission" : 50000
};

// Assigning commission property in obj.data object.
Object.assign(obj.data, { "commission": obj.commission });

// Filtered out commission property from an object.
const { commission, ...myObjectRest} = obj;

// Result
console.log(myObjectRest);

A: try this
const data = await User.find(id);
let parsed = ResponseParser.apiItem(data.toJSON())

parsed.data.commision=parsed.commision;

delete parsed.commision;

return response.status(200).send( parsed )


History lives in some of the most unlikely locations—even in sunny, laid-back, tropical destinations like the Caribbean islands. From Havana, Cuba to St. George, Bermuda and beyond, the history of the region is fascinating.
Due to their history of colonialism, the islands have many incredible sites worth exploring today with most still having strong British, Spanish and Dutch influences. From colonial-era towns to Mayan ruins, you can relive the Caribbean's long, adventurous and blended past.
Old Havana is the historical center of the Cuban capital and at first glance, the neighborhood looks like a city stuck in time. Most of the district buildings have that Spanish colonial feel, which is apparent in its Spanish arches, finely stained glass windows, baroque and neoclassical architecture. Other alluring charms of Old Havana are the well maintained classic cars from the 1950s, found driving all over the city.


text:
.PHONY: all

all: paper

midprogress: reports/midprogress/report.pdf

paper: paper/paper.pdf

%.pdf:
	cd $(dir $*) && pdflatex $(notdir $*).tex
	-cd $(dir $*) && bibtex $(notdir $*).aux
	cd $(dir $*) && pdflatex $(notdir $*).tex

clean:
	rm paper/paper.aux paper/paper.bbl paper/paper.blg paper/paper.log \
			paper/paper.pdf reports/midprogress/report.aux \
			reports/midprogress/report.bbl reports/midprogress/report.blg \
			reports/midprogress/report.log reports/midprogress/report.pdf


Hi, I'm Jason. I'm a photographer. Call me Jay. I love working with people to create beautiful photographs for Professionals, Creatives and Family. After many years working in manufacturing, I decided that I needed to follow my passion and rebuild my faith in human nature. My days are now filled, working with fun and interesting people, creating images of themselves that they can be excited about.
Mechanical watches make me tick.
Love being outside with my beagles, Charlie & Lola.
I really care about making people feel comfortable in front of my camera and I love it when I can see that clients feel good about themselves. We'll work together to capture your expressions, reflecting your personality, ensuring you look confident and approachable. I won't ask you to smile but I will help you to prepare for your shoot and I'll look after you from the moment you book until your images are delivered. I love working with businesses and individuals to create compelling imagery which helps to build your brand, win more clients and get more gigs.
Whilst headshots and portraits are the cornerstone of my work, I also shoot products, interiors and property. A growing part of my time with businesses is also creating regular imagery for social media and video.