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Home > Big stories > Robotics > There's nothing to fear from the rise of the machines
There's nothing to fear from the rise of the machines
By: Chris Carter 26/07/2018
Machines are learning to beat us at everything – from board games to medical diagnosis, and even dating. Chris Carter welcomes our new robot overlords – and asks how you can profit from the rise of artificial intelligence.
"Are you a fan of avocados?" As chat-up lines go, it's not up there with the best of them. But in 2014, it was the line used by one bold suitor to approach thousands of users of dating app Tinder. For the uninitiated, Tinder presents users with a short profile of a potential love match – users can either swipe left to move on to the next profile, or swipe right to show they are interested. It's about as romantic as things get for today's time-poor singles. Still, for Canadian Justin Long, even swiping was just too bothersome (plus he was fed up spending nights out with his friends watching them obsessively swiping their phones). So, he wrote a program to do the swipe-work for them.
Bernie.ai, as Long called his digital wingman, used facial recognition technology to learn what Long found physically appealing, and then picked profile pictures to match. Bernie would then strike up a conversation, deploying gems such as the aforementioned: "Are you a fan of avocados?" If the potential romantic partner showed enough interest, Bernie would text Long to let him know to jump in and take over the conversation.
Last year, Tinder put a stop to it. But Bernie is far from the only robot out there looking for love. British dating app LoveFlutter takes a slightly different tack. The theory behind the app is that, because so many of us lie (or at least bend the truth) when dating, then using artificial intelligence (AI for short) can be valuable for sorting fact from fiction. LoveFlutter is working with language-processing group Receptiviti.ai to analyse Twitter feeds, in order to paint a more honest picture of its users and their potential compatibility. It is, after all, on social media that our true interests and biases surface, even through seemingly innocuous acts such as "liking" a post on Facebook. It may not be a flattering portrait, but it will be a more honest version of both who we are and what we liked – or so the theory goes.
Will smart robots make us redundant?
If machines are able to teach themselves and learn ever more about the world around them, then the logical conclusion is that, at some point in the future, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass human intelligence. At that point, civilisation will have encountered what science-fiction writer Vernor Vinge termed in 1993 "the technological singularity".
In effect, this is the point at which, for better or for worse, AI-assisted technological development accelerates beyond our capacity to influence or keep up with it. According to the theory – as developed by the futurist Ray Kurzweil, who is cautiously optimistic about the idea – machines will design better machines that will design better machines until their abilities far outstrip our own. The jury's still out on when (and if) this will ever happen, but if it does happen, life will rapidly look very different.
According to a 2015 biography of Elon Musk by Ashlee Vance, the Tesla founder told Vance that while he believed that his fellow tech entrepreneur and Google co-founder Larry Page was well-intentioned, Page was in danger of accidentally "building a fleet of artificial-intelligence-enhanced robots capable of destroying mankind". Last year, Musk tried to qualify his fears to a group of US senators, stating that he merely thinks AI should be regulated carefully – he is, after all, also the founder of OpenAI, a not-for-profit organisation that calls for the development of "safe" AI. This month, Musk signed a pledge, made at the 2018 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) in Stockholm, not to develop "lethal autonomous weapons" (ie, killer robots).
But Musk's fears, shared by others (including the late Stephen Hawking), are premature, said Toby Walsh, a professor of AI at the University of New South Wales, in Wired magazine last year. AI does need regulating, but "the problems today are not caused by super smart AI, but stupid AI". Driverless cars are a danger – but the danger is not that they will run us over, but that they will make us unemployed. "Even stupid AI… will widen inequality… [and] will put some people out of work," he says. "So, Elon, stop worrying about World War III and start worrying about what Tesla's autonomous cars will do to the livelihood of taxi drivers."
Of course, it's more than likely that neither extreme is correct. Instead of killing us or firing us all, AI may simply be yet another technological advance that creates a whole raft of jobs we didn't know could exist. Time will tell – but we'd be betting on the latter.
Alexa is learning
This is just one example of an area where AI is playing an ever-bigger role in our lives, and that's only going to continue. But what exactly is AI? In their new book, Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence, economists Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb point out that AI is not about trying to replicate a human brain, or what we might think of as general intelligence. Rather, it's about understanding "a critical component of intelligence – prediction". Take Amazon's voice-activated AI assistant, Alexa, for example. A child doing his homework might ask Alexa what the capital of Delaware is. "Alexa doesn't 'know' the capital of Delaware," say the authors. But Alexa can predict that, when people ask this specific question, they are looking for the response: "Dover". And as more and more people ask questions, Alexa is better able to predict what they are looking for. In effect, the more data an AI has accumulated, the more accurate and useful it becomes.
Another example comes from Google's translation service. Ernest Hemingway's 1936 short story The Snows of Kilimanjaro begins: "Kilimanjaro is a snow-covered mountain 19,710 feet high, and is said to be the highest mountain in Africa." In November 2016, Professor Jun Rekimoto, a computer scientist at the University of Tokyo, ran a Japanese translation of this sentence through Google Translate. He got back: "Kilimanjaro is 19,710 feet of the mountain covered with snow, and it is said that the highest mountain in Africa." Good, but not great. The next day, he tried again. This time, Google offered: "Kilimanjaro is a mountain of 19,710 feet covered with snow and is said to be the highest mountain in Africa." Still not quite Hemingway, but a vast improvement in a short space of time. And if you were to translate the same passage today, you would probably get an even better result.
The world's best Go player
The point is, AI is working all around us, all of the time, and with each task it completes and every bit of data it attains, it learns more and gets better. Take Google's search engine. It deals with more than 40,000 search requests a second from all over the world, accumulating data with every single one of those requests. The AI subsidiary of Alphabet (Google's parent company) is called DeepMind. The British company was bought by Google in 2014 for £400m, and is still based in London. It went on to develop AI software that "learned" to play video games, simply by playing them and learning from its many mistakes.
In 2016, AlphaGo hit the headlines when it defeated its human opponent, grandmaster Lee Sedol, in the complex tactical board game Go. The vast number of possible moves in the game make it necessary to rely on intuition rather than brute force, which was thought impossible – or at least very difficult – for computers to achieve. "I didn't expect to lose. I didn't think AlphaGo would play the game in such a perfect manner," said the stunned South Korean after the match. The computer wasn't more "intelligent" than Lee and, of course, had no intuition. What it did have, however, was a database that it had built up over the course of thousands of games played, which enabled it to predict the winning moves. In short, it had taught itself to be the world's best Go player, a position it consolidated by beating Chinese world champion Ke Jie in 2017.
Yet, just as people learn faster from others, wouldn't it be even better if different AIs could learn from each other? It would – and it's already happening. It's called "adversarial machine learning" and is often found in the fields of security and biometric recognition. For example, one AI might try to hack into a system, while another tries to defend it from being breached. Earlier this year, Google Brain, an AI research team, tricked an AI into believing an image of a cat was actually that of a dog by distorting the pixel pattern – a technique known as "perturbation". Such "adversarial" images can themselves be used to disrupt machine learning. They are, in essence, false data. Last year, a group of Japanese researchers figured out how to program an AI to fool another AI into mistaking a car for a dog, merely by changing a single pixel in the image. Clearly this is not ideal in a world where tech entrepreneurs want to persuade us to put our lives in the hands of self-driving vehicles.
That's why cybersecurity will have to evolve alongside advances in AI. One of the latest British companies tipped to become a "unicorn" (ie, have a £1bn-plus valuation) is Darktrace, an AI cybersecurity firm. The key idea for Darktrace, notes Alexandra Rogers in City AM, is to mimic "the human body's own immune system" in order to differentiate between normal and abnormal activity on corporate networks so that it can spot any patterns that are out of the ordinary and raise the alarm.
Reliable image recognition is not just vital for accurate driving. It's also key to what should be one of the most exciting uses for AI – more efficient diagnosis of health problems. Spotting cancer in a scan, for example, is not easy, and often requires costly, invasive and potentially harmful biopsies. But AI is already assisting human radiologists to spot abnormalities, sometimes without ever needing to resort to surgery. And because the NHS sits on vast amounts of data, AI can in theory draw on that data in a process known as "deep learning". The government has already ploughed £210m into the technology in order to make NHS diagnoses faster, cheaper and more accurate, according to The Times. In May, the prime minister said that AI would help to save 30,000 lives a year by 2030. This, notes The Guardian, is about 10% of the UK's annual cancer death rate.
One specific London-based startup, Babylon Health, caused a stir this summer when it claimed that its AI "chatbot" (a computer program that mimics natural conversation) beat its human counterparts in a medical exam – a claim that predictably led to a row with the Royal College of General Practitioners. But whether or not you accept the claim, there is certainly a case that sensible use of AI could make health provision both more effective and cheaper. NHS England chairman Sir Malcolm Grant conceded as much when he said that "it is difficult to imagine the historical model of a general practitioner, which is after all the foundation stone of the NHS and medicine, not evolving". Developing countries with basic healthcare systems could also benefit. Since 2016, Babylon has worked with the government of Rwanda, and already has two million registered users.
Speeding up deliveries
Deep learning relies on there being a single, central hub of data to mine. The trouble is, in the real world, things rarely stay the same for long. That's where another method of machine learning comes in: "multi-agent simulation". Imagine you run a self-driving taxi company. The company could direct all of its cars from a central hub. But it would be far more efficient to enable each of its cars to talk to the others and make its own decisions as to where it should go, within a set environment (the city in which the taxi company operates). That way each car gathers (and shares) data simultaneously, and can react more quickly to change.
Spanish start-up delivery service Paack is already putting a version of this technology to work. It wanted to be able to give customers specific, hour-long delivery windows. So, in February, it teamed up with Cambridge-based AI company Prowler.io. Within months its vans were being coordinated by digital simulation, which helped to boost efficiency by as much as 15%, co-founder Fernando Benito tells Forbes' Parmy Olson. In short, AI may not give rise to the birth of Robo sapiens any time soon, but it is already having a big impact on our daily lives. We look at some of the best ways to profit below.
How to profit from the AI revolution
As with any developing technology, much of the most interesting, cutting-edge work is being done by small, private companies, such as Darktrace, Babylon Health and Prowler.io, all of which are mentioned in the story above. Alphabet (Nasdaq: Googl), Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT), Amazon (Nasdaq: AMZN) and China's Baidu (Nasdaq: BIDU) are all instrumental in the development of AI due to their size and the economies of scale (that is, their access to huge amounts of data) that has brought, but none of these are, of course, "pure plays". The nearest exception to that is London-listed "robot" software firm Blue Prism (LSE: PRSM). The company aims to help other businesses to automate parts of their back office, in effect creating a more efficient and accurate "digital workforce". With a market cap of almost £1.3bn, it is no minnow, but nor is it yet making a profit or paying dividends. In a similar vein is "big data" specialist First Derivatives (LSE: FDP), which started out providing risk mangement and trading software systems, but is branching into fields where data analysis is in big demand. The shares are on a stratospheric price/earnings (p/e) ratio of 101, so this is not a cheap stock, although sales growth in the year to February 2018 was strong, with revenues rising by 23% to £186m.
Among the "picks and shovels" plays, there's Nvidia (Nasdaq: NVDA), whose computer chips will be needed as machine learning becomes ever more powerful and demanding on processing power, and semiconductor companies Xilinx (Nasdaq: XLNX) and Micron (Nasdaq: MU) – the latter (a favourite of my colleague Matthew Partridge) is on a forward p/e of just five.
Finally, if you would rather play the rise of AI through an exchange-traded fund (ETF), there are a couple of options to choose from. The Global X Robotics & Artificial Intelligence ETF (Nasdaq: BOTZ) charges an annual fee of 0.68%. It holds around 39 stocks, and its top holdings include robot surgeon specialist Intuitive Surgical, Swiss robotics multinational ABB, and the aforementioned Nvidia – about a third of the portfolio is invested in the top five holdings.
The other option is the iShares Robotics & Artificial Intelligence ETF (NYSE: IRBO), which came to the market at the end of June, and charges 0.47%. The iShares fund is far less concentrated (with around 98 companies in the fund). Top holdings include US-listed data visualisation specialist Tableau Software and more mainstream names such as Facebook and Salesforce.com.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Violence is not the way forward -Justice Minister Musa Dean Advises
By The Analyst News On Oct 21, 2019 169
In the aftermath of the October 14 violent protest action carried out by aggrieved Monrovia Consolidated School System (MCSS) students over government's delay to pay salaries owed disenchanted teachers, the government of Liberia represented by the Ministers of Justice, Education, State for Presidential Affairs, on Tuesday, October 15, 2019, had a one-day consultative dialogue with MCSS administration and teachers' association at the William V. S. Tubman High School on 12th Street Sinkor in Monrovia.. And from what The Analyst has garnered, Liberia's Justice Minister Musa Dean, himself a by-product of students' agitation, wants school authorities and parents to advise their children to stay away from violent acts which school authorities should never sanction.
Addressing parents, teachers and students, Justice Minister Dean, at the head of other high ranking government stakeholders, noted that the entire world saw the students' violent acts.
"Yesterday, the entire world saw kids, and you know when I was here I was also a student leader and there were many days that we disrupted classes. In fact, what we did, we found a way to enter the room where the bell was, and once we pressed and it rings, all the students would come outside. Nobody went back into their classes. Nobody. The Ministry of Education, the Late Kofa – I don't know whether you know him, Joseph Kofa was head of MCSS and again, we would convey in this same room but never did we go in the streets throwing stones. Check the record, it never happened, never did we go in the streets attacking other people in the way which it was done on yesterday," Cllr Dean lamented.
No Student in Jail
Debunking widespread rumors that the government had jailed MCSS students in the wake of the violent protest, Cllr. Dean said, although such incidents would have produced collateral damage due to people who might have wanted to take advantage of the situation, yet, the government does not have any student of MCSS in jail.
"If anybody has information to the contrary we will provide the head of the association and whoever you want with our particulars and with the particulars of the Inspector General of police," Cllr. Dean intoned.
Dialogue- the only solution
Espousing the need to settle issues through dialogue instead of violence, Minister Dean said dialogue is the most civilized way to resolve conflict.
"After every conflict like the one that occurred on yesterday and the dishonorable results that it produced we must strengthen more and more our mechanism for dialogue…"
Enjoining teachers and parents to eschew violence as a means of problem-solving, the Attorney General emphasized that it was regrettable for parents to see their children taking to the streets in such violent manner.
"People got wounded…because if you have a group running, when you have police trying to prevent one group from throwing stones at another group, when you have the police set up to protect innocent victims, people who were in private schools, you know it is a difficult task; but the police did the best it could on yesterday. People have been treated and discharged from the hospital. We have no student of MCSS in prison and like we said, you may confirm that, and if you have information to the contrary, we will be willing to review that information along with you", Min. Dean said.
Hear Minister Dean: "So, I hope we have allayed your suspicion with respect to any student been incarcerated. We know they were in solidarity with you, you made have had a legitimate cause, though there are economic challenges which you are aware of all over the world, but probably when you get back to school if you find it in your heart of hearts to say: look you expressed solidarity with us, but we didn't expect you to be throwing stones; they are your children let them know that, if you had just peacefully assembled or if you had just peacefully marched the streets, it would have helped our cause…"
Former Pres. Sirleaf Rallies Support for Global Health -Graves for Leadership, Financing, Innovation
UPP Bemoans Creeping Signs of Instability -Calls for Unity Across Political aisle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Guildford est une ville du sud de l'Angleterre, dans le Surrey. C'est le siège des administrations du district de Guildford et de la région Angleterre du Sud-Est. Guildford est une ville ancienne, comme en témoignent son château du  et ses musées. Son district, dont elle est le chef-lieu, compte  d'après le recensement de 2011.

Histoire
Guildford a vraisemblablement  été fondée par des colons saxons peu de temps après la fin de l'autorité de l'Empire romain en Grande-Bretagne (autour de 410 ). L'emplacement fut sans doute choisi pour la voie de Harrow (une ancienne piste qui longe le Hog's Back) et croise la rivière Wey à cet endroit, via un gué (en anglais «  »). Cela expliquerait la deuxième partie du nom « Guildford ». La racine de la première partie est sans doute à rapprocher de «  » qui veut dire « or », et non « guilde » aussi utilisé avec la graphie moderne « guild ». Il a été suggéré que cet or réfère aux fleurs dorées trouvées près du gué ou bien au sable de cette même couleur, mais il faut se garder de toute certitude.

Dans le roman Le Morte d'Arthur de Thomas Malory, Guildford est assimilée à Astolat - un des lieux évoqués dans les histoires du Roi Arthur. Guildford garde la mémoire de ces légendes entre autres dans les noms d'un club de modélisme ferroviaire et d'un pub local, l'Astolat.

La monnaie anglaise fut frappée à Guildford à partir de 978.

Alfred Atheling, fils du roi Æthelred II d'Angleterre, vivait en Normandie, pendant les invasions danoises de l'Angleterre saxonne. Après la mort de Knut  le Grand, autour de 1036, Alfred retourna en Angleterre, où il fut accueilli et diverti par le comte Godwine. Godwine le remit ensuite aux hommes de Harold  Pied de lièvre qui lui crevèrent les yeux et le mutilèrent à tel point qu'il en succomba peu après.

Le château de Guildford remonterait aux saxons, il pourrait même les précéder. Il surplombe le passage des pèlerins entre les collines et, à l'époque, on le suppose, aurait également eu vue sur le gué de la Wey, lui donnant ainsi une position militaire stratégique, sur cette route est-ouest importante du pays, de la même façon qu'en leurs temps le Château de Windsor et la Tour de Londres gardaient la Tamise.

Guildford apparaît dans le Domesday Book de 1086 sous les formes « Geldeford » et « Gildeford » et est sous l'autorité de Guillaume le Conquérant. L'inventaire de son patrimoine était une ville ; le roi avait en sa possession  (maisons clôturées) pour un montant de . Stoke, un faubourg du Guildford actuel, apparaît dans le Livre du Jugement Dernier de 1086 sous le nom de « Stoch », également dans les possessions de Guillaume le Conquérant. Son patrimoine était constitué d'une église, deux moulins pour une valeur de , ,  de prairie, des bois d'une valeur de . Dans le parc du roi, Stoch valait .

Guillaume le Conquérant utilisa lui-même le passage des pèlerins quand il pilla la campagne, Guildford inclus, après sa victoire à la Bataille d'Hastings. Il fit construire, ou peut-être reconstruire le château dans le style de l'Architecture normande, dont le donjon survit encore aujourd'hui. Il ne fait aucun doute qu'un autre rôle majeur des châteaux normands était de subjuguer les populations conquises, et c'était précisément le cas à Guildford. Au fur et à mesure que les menaces d'invasions et de révoltes s'évanouirent, le château fut reclassé en pavillon de chasse vu sa proximité au grand parc de Windsor. Plusieurs fois, Jean d'Angleterre ainsi qu'Henri III d'Angleterre se rendirent à Guildford.
Les restes du château furent restaurés à l'Époque victorienne ainsi qu'en 2004 ; le terrain environnant est un jardin public très agréable et très fleuri.

En 1995, une chambre souterraine fut trouvée dans la rue principale (High Street) qui serait le vestige d'une synagogue du . Bien que cela soit encore sujet à débat, cette découverte pourrait bien en faire la plus ancienne synagogue connue d'Europe occidentale.

Guildford élit deux membres pour la Chambre des communes d'avant la réforme de 1832 (). Du , Guildford prospéra du commerce de la laine.

Dans les années 1300 fut construit le Hall de la ville, Guild Hall qui demeure un point d'intérêt jusqu'à nos jours. La partie nord fut agrandie en 1589 et la chambre du conseil fut ajoutée en 1683. C'est également en 1683 que l'élégante horloge qui se projette au-dessus de la rue - la rendant visible de toute la High Street, fut construite.

En 1598, un jugement royal fait référence à un sport appelé « kreckett », pratiqué au collège royal de Guildford (Royal Grammar School, Guildford) autour de 1550. D'après l'Oxford English Dictionary, c'est la première fois dans l'histoire que le mot « cricket » est mentionné dans la langue anglaise.

En 1619 George Abbot, archevêque de Canterbury, fonda l'hôpital de la Sainte Trinité, un des plus remarquables établissements charitable (almshouse) du pays, situé au somment de la High Street en face de l'église de la Sainte Trinité. En briques, la tour d'entrée haute de trois étages fait face à l'église; une magistrale arche de pierres mène à la cour intérieure. À chaque coin de la tour, se trouvent des tourettes octogonales surplombées de mouchettes recouvertes de plomb.

La prospérité de Guildford fut grandement aidée par l'achèvement en 1653 - après maintes difficultés - des travaux de navigabilité de la rivière Wey. Cela donna aux entreprises de Guildford un accès à la Tamise à Weybridge, devançant les travaux majeurs de constructions de canaux en Angleterre de plus d'un siècle. En 1764, la navigabilité fut étendue jusqu'à Godalming et en 1816 jusqu'à la mer via le canal d'Arun et son système. Le canal de Basingstoke fut également construit dans le but de rejoindre la Wey, positionnant ainsi Guildford au centre d'un réseau navigable. Bien que Farnham ne fut jamais connecté elle en bénéficia néanmoins pour le transport de ses produits étant reliée à Guildford par le passage des pèlerins.

De 1820 à 1865, Guildford fut le théâtre d'émeutes semi-organisées connues sous le nom de « Guy riots ». Les Guys se réunissaient aux abords de la ville le  à la fin du jour. Ils portaient des masques ou des déguisements étranges et s'étaient armés de massues et de torches. À la tombée de la nuit au plus tard, ils entraient dans la ville pour se venger de ceux qui leur avaient causé du tourment pendant l'année: il se commettait alors des agressions, des atteintes à la propriété privée, et souvent les possessions des victimes étaient ensuite brûlées au milieu de la rue. Dans les années qui suivirent, les tentatives de suppression de ces émeutes vit la mort de deux policiers. Il fallut l'intervention en 1866 et 1868 de la police montée pour mettre fin à ces incidents. Des heurts similaires autour de la foire de St Catherine Hill qui se tenait juste à l'extérieur de la ville furent jugulés à la même époque.

Le diocèse de Guildford fut créé en 1927, et la cathédrale de Guildford fut consacrée en 1961. Auparavant, Guildford faisait partie du diocèse de Winchester (Angleterre).

Le , 1974, des bombes dissimulées par l'Armée républicaine irlandaise provisoire explosèrent dans deux pubs de Guildford, tuant quatre militaires en permission et un civil. Les cibles retenues l'avaient été pour leur popularité auprès des soldats logés dans des baraquements proches. Les suspects arrêtés peu après (connus sous le nom de Guildford Four) furent jugés coupables et condamnés à de lourdes peines de prison en . Ils se plaignirent de tortures infligées par la police et clamèrent leur innocence. En 1989, après une longue bataille judiciaire, leurs condamnations furent annulées et ils furent relâchés. Le film Au nom du père est inspiré de ces évènements.

Dans l'été 2007, une ferme près du village de Normandy fut au centre d'une épidémie de fièvre aphteuse du bétail (voir : Fièvre aphteuse d'août 2007 en Angleterre). Finalement, une opération conséquente vint à bout de l'incident.

Vie quotidienne et culturelle

À l'orée du , Guildford est une ville anglaise pleine de vivacité dont la High Street (rue principale), pavée et bordée de nombreux bâtiments ayant survécu au temps, regorge de charme un peu désuet, en pente, plein de boutiques, de restaurants et bars à vin qui bordent les petites rues de chaque côté qui mènent au château, seulement tranché par les enseignes plutôt typiques du milieu urbain britannique et une fréquentation fourmillante. Lieu de shopping par excellence, pourvu que l'on ait réussi à négocier son îlot à sens unique et ses parkings aux tarifs toujours plusieurs fois en avance sur le taux de l'inflation, Guildford fait le bonheur des familles les week-ends, et la joie souvent trop arrosée de sa jeunesse les vendredis et samedis soir. Guildford bénéficie d'un centre d'information touristique et de plusieurs hôtels dont l'Angel Hotel au riche passé qui longtemps servit de relais de diligence sur la route Londres - Portsmouth.

D'après une émission de Channel Four Television ayant établi un palmarès des meilleurs et pires endroits où vivre au Royaume-Uni, Guildford se retrouva à la neuvième place des villes les plus agréables en 2006 mais se retrouva en douzième position en 2007 principalement à cause de la pollution de ses nombreuses voitures. En 2004, Guildford était la ville la plus charmante du Royaume-Uni et la plus sécurisée pour faire du shopping d'après une étude commerciale et serait au vingt-septième rang toutes catégories confondues.

Il y a un petit musée au centre-ville et l'université de Surrey est située au nord-ouest, à environ dix minutes de marche de la gare de Guildford. La cathédrale est voisine du campus principal de l'université, non loin de l'hôpital du comté du Surrey.

La plus populaire galerie d'art du Surrey se trouve à Guildford (Guildford House Gallery), elle attirait plus de  visiteurs par an en 2005-2006. Cette galerie se trouve dans la High Street, dans une bâtisse du , monument classé (). Elle est gérée par la commune de Guildford. Ouverte les mardis et samedis, l'entrée est gratuite. Ses collections d'art comprennent des œuvres ayant trait à Guildford et ses environs, et des travaux d'artistes locaux, les plus notables d'entre eux étant les peintres John Russell et surtout George Frederic Watts, lié au mouvement symboliste. Ici on trouve une minorité insignifiante des œuvres de George Frederic Watts car sa galerie principale de prix d'entrée modique se trouve à l'ouest de la ville dans le village de Compton.

Avec une vie culturelle riche, Guildford a plusieurs théâtres dont le théâtre Yvonne Arnaud, souvent hôte de productions rodées à, ou en route vers, les scènes du West End de Londres. The Electric Theatre ouvrit ses portes pour la première fois en 1997, mettant à son programme des musiciens, groupes, acteurs et troupes amateurs. Guildford a également un cinéma multiplex Odeon, ayant la capacité de montrer des films tournés en numérique.

On trouve un riche choix de cuisines mondiales à Guildford : des pubs, des pizzerias, des wagamama (fusion japonaise/malaisienne), des fast-foods, des restaurants indiens, des enseignes chinoises jusque dans le village attenant de Shalford, des établissements de la cuisine européenne ou en revanche les camionnettes kebabs/burgers/frites, et des restaurants thaïlandais comme la Thai Terrace qui offre une vue en hauteur de toute la ville.

Les fêtards les plus jeunes et les moins fortunés se regroupent dans les bars et de petites boîtes de nuit près de la gare (Bar Med, Yates' - plus connu pour ses rixes que pour sa musique -, Lloyd's, Flares - un antre disco aux décorations psychédéliques-, la Canteen, le Five and Lime, le Legion ou le Slug and Lettuce). Le Boiler Room accueille les talents en herbe de poésie ou de chanson amateur, et du cinéma.

Le Stoke Park offre, entre autres, des courts de tennis et est entouré de quartiers assez aisés. Le parc accueille le festival de musique GuilFest pendant l'été et une foire d'agriculture, le Surrey County Show, lors du dernier jour férié du mois de mai. Face au parc, la municipalité a construit et gère un complexe sportif, le Spectrum, qui comprend notamment une grande patinoire (qui accueille l'équipe de hockey, les Guildford Flames), un bowling, une piscine, des courts de squash, une piste d'athlétisme, etc.

Guildford compte plusieurs stations de radio : 96.4 The Eagle, County Sound Radio 1566 AM, GU2 Radio, et BBC Southern Counties Radio.

Guildford a également son marché qui se tient les vendredis et samedis sur North Street. Un marché fermier se tient aussi chaque premier mardi du mois dans la High Street.

Personnalités nées à Guildford
 Ritu Arya, actrice britannique;
 , compositeur et saxophoniste ;
 Jean Jacques Burnel, bassiste  du groupe de musique punk The Stranglers ;
 Leonard Colebrook, médecin, physiologiste et bactériologiste ;
 Lily Collins, mannequin, actrice, écrivain et journaliste ;
 Richard Faulds (1977-), champion olympique de tir sportif ;
 Austen Ivereigh, écrivain catholique anglais ;
 Amelia Kyambadde, femme politique ougandaise;
 Andrew Latimer, guitariste du groupe de rock progressif Camel ;
 Peter Molyneux, designer et programmeur de jeux vidéo ;
 Georgina Reilly, actrice britannique ;
 Mike Rutherford, bassiste et guitariste du groupe de rock progressif Genesis et fondateur du groupe Mike & The Mechanics ;
 Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, auteur humoriste britannique, créateur du personnage de Jeeves ;
John Tiner

Sports
Guildford possède une équipe de hockey sur glace, les Guildford Flames, évoluant en Elite Ice Hockey League

Jumelage

Notes et références

Liens externes

Toponyme indiquant un gué au Royaume-Uni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
require 'facets/binding/local_variables'
require 'test/unit'

class TC_Binding_Defined < Test::Unit::TestCase

  def setup
    a = 1
    b = 2
    x = "hello"
    @bind = binding
  end

  def test_local_variables
    assert_equal( ["a","b","x"], @bind.local_variables )
  end

end


The invention provides a method to ward off various insects through transdermal application of a 5 patch containing thiamine.
The primary task of insect repellants is to ward off insects, specifically mosquitoes, from contacting and biting the skin. Traditional insect repellants that are available in the market contain a number of chemicals such as bicycloheptene dicarboxide, tetrahydro furaldehyde, N-10 diethyl benzamide, N-diethyl toluamide (DEET), ethyl bexanediol, di-n-propylisocinchoronate, indalone, dimethyl phytate and various others. N-diethyl toluamide (DEET) is the most common chemical found in most insect repellents. However, DEET is toxic to the skin with various side effects that include mild skin irritation, mood swings, and even seizures. Apart from DEET, Indalone and ethyl bexanediol are also harmful for the people. A number of reports have pointed 15 out that insect repellant containing either of these to chemicals cause kidney and liver damage on continued usage.
Apart from adverse side effects of traditional insect repellants, they also leave an unpleasant oily or greasy residue on the skin. The residue produces a peculiar unpleasant smell that emanates from the body. 20 Although there are natural non-chemical ways of warding off insects from the skin, they are not without their short comings. For instance, garlic is known to be a natural insect repellant. Yet it produces a very unpleasant smell that emanates from the mouth after ingestion. It also provides only marginal protection against insects. Another natural method to repel insects is oral application of thiamine (vitamin B1). Thiamine is then emitted by the sweat glands that repel 25 insects. However, oral administration of thiamine is not that effective in warding off insects from 2 the skin. The reason is that gastrointestinal absorption is a variable that lowers the thiamine concentration on extraction from the liver. In order to increase effectiveness of oral administration of thiamine, it is necessary to intake other items such as Vitamin C plus biotin, or garlic, or other herbs to repel insects from the skin. This necessitates the effective way to repel insects that results in less adverse effects on the body. 5 The solution to the problem rests in systematic delivery of thiamine ingredients that provide long term protection against insects without having the need to intake other items.
It provides 30 – 54 hours protection against insects.
It repels insects without the need to apply ointments and oily creams that result in unpleasant odors.
It is simple to manufacture and produce.
It is easy to administer and use.
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With Jordan Hamilton slicing through the Oklahoma State defense for a career-high 27 points, the obvious question is, "Where have they been hiding this guy?"
The Texas Longhorns overpowered Oklahoma State with a 40-24 second half, cruising to their 19th win against 3 losses, 72-60.
A freshman out of Dominguez High in Los Angeles, Hamilton played just 19 minutes, but put on a dazzling show of offensive skills, hitting 11 of 16 shots, including drives, dunks, jumpers and treys. He was 5 of 8 from beyond the arc and was generally unstoppable in the second half as Texas pulled away from the Cowboys after trailing 36-32 at intermission.
Hamilton's previous high was 17 against Texas A&M-Corpus Christi. After Monday night's performance, expect him to receive a lot more playing time and more attention from opposing defenses.
Texas, in desperate need of a win after dropping 3 of their previous four games, got a real lift from the frosh, whose exploits couldn't have come at a more-needed time. Adding him to the offensive arsenal will open things up inside for Damion James and slumping Dexter Pittman, who's averaged just over 6 points per game in his last 8 games.


text:
Juventus confirm approach for Liverpool midfielder Emre Can
Liverpool FC Transfer Rumours
Liverpool midfielder Emre Can is in the final six months of his contract and Juventus have publicly declared their intention to sign him on a free transfer.
The German international has been impressive of late, back in a deeper No. 6 role after spending much of the season somewhat further forward.
While Can's overall performance levels can go up and down in inconsistent fashion at times, there's no doubt that at his finest he's one of the most domineering players available to Jurgen Klopp.
The boss would be loathe to lose his compatriot, especially on a free transfer, and earlier in the week Can himself confirmed he had not yet signed for anyone and was still discussing his future with Liverpool.
Now though, Juve have upped the stakes by publicly coming forward with their wish to lure Can to Serie A.
"Emre Can is a player whose contract is running down," CEO Beppe Marotta said.
"So it allows us to approach him for negotiations and that is the course we have taken.
"I can't say if he could sign a new contract with Liverpool, but I can say we will try all we can to get the player.
"Obviously, we have to respect what the player wants."
Can, 24, has played 156 times for the Reds to date, scoring 12 goals.
With the Reds midfield already set for something of an overhaul for the start of next term compared to the end of 2016/17—Naby Keita in, Philippe Coutinho gone, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain establishing himself—Can could prove a vital component.
He has already proven himself more adept than club captain Jordan Henderson at playing the protecting, deeper role in many fans' eyes and is clearly a favourite of the manager.
Now the Reds must in turn try all they can to ensure he remains at Anfield past the end of 17/18.
More: Emre Can


High moral and ethics standards.
There are times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest.
Yet what makes us stand apart is our exceptional level of service.
The information you obtain at this site is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. You should consult an attorney for advice regarding your individual situation. We invite you to contact us and welcome your calls, letters and electronic mail. Contacting us does not create an attorney - client relationship. Please do not send any confidential information to us until such time as an attorney-client relationship has been established.


text:
Home / Art and Architecture / Heliopolis
Look Inside Heliopolis
Rebirth of the City of the Sun
Agnieszka Dobrowolska
Jaroslaw Dobrowolski
When in the early years of the twentieth century the Belgian businessman Edouard Empain began to turn his dream of building an entirely new satellite
150 illus. incl. 100 in color
When in the early years of the twentieth century the Belgian businessman Edouard Empain began to turn his dream of building an entirely new satellite city in the desert outside Cairo into a reality, he followed the then novel urban-planning concept of the "garden city." But in naming his creation, he turned back to one of the most ancient sites in Egypt, the solar temple of Heliopolis, the biblical On, and in its architecture he sought inspiration in the heritage of Cairo's Islamic tradition. When the city, known as "New Egypt" in Arabic, was completed, a half-hour tram ride through the desert was needed to reach it. Today, Heliopolis has been enveloped within the huge and ever-growing metropolis of Cairo. However, despite rapid development, overpopulation, and increasing traffic, Heliopolis has retained much of its original character and charm, and the captivating atmosphere of Egypt's Belle Epoque is still tangible. Its houses, mosques, and churches, designed to imitate various styles of the past, have become historic buildings in their own right. This fully illustrated book introduces the reader to the history and development of Heliopolis through its architecture and its inhabitants past and present.
Agnieszka Dobrowolska is a conservation architect who has worked on many archaeological and conservation sites in Egypt, and directed a number of architectural conservation projects in Historic Cairo for the American Research Center in Egypt. She is the author of Muhammad Ali Pasha and His Sabil (AUC Press 2004), The Building Crafts of Cairo: A Living Tradition (AUC Press, 2005), Heliopolis: Rebirth of the City of the Sun (AUC Press, 2006), and co-author of The Sultan's Fountain: An Imperial Story of Cairo, Istanbul, and Amsterdam (AUC Press, 2011)
Jaroslaw Dobrowolski has worked in Egypt since the 1980s and is currently the technical director for the Egyptian Antiquities Project of the American Research Center in Egypt. He has worked on several architectural conservation projects in Egypt, including the sabil-kuttab of Nafisa al-Bayda in the neighborhood of Bab Zuwayla in Islamic Cairo.
Heliopolis Reviews
Also available by this author
The Sultan's Fountain
An Imperial Story of Cairo, Istanbul, and Amsterdam
The History and Religious Heritage of Old Cairo
Its Fortress, Churches, Synagogue, and Mosque
Edited by Carolyn Ludwig
Morris Jackson
Photographs by Sherif Sonbol
Egypt and Nubia / The Holy Land
Deluxe Gift edition
Drawings by David Roberts, R.A.
With historical descriptions by William Brockedon
Lithographed by Louis Haghe
Drawings byDavid Roberts, R.A.
With historical descriptions byWilliam Brockedon
Lithographed byLouis Haghe
Gardens of Sand
Nineteenth-Century Photographs of Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, and the Levant
Patricia Almárcegui
Clark Worswick
Arab Cinema
History and Cultural Identity: Revised and Updated Edition
Viola Shafik


SPi's meat and meat products industry channel covers breaking beef, poultry, pork and other meats.news from around the world, international corporate profiles and market research reports. Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans are omnivorous, and have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times. But the advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as sheep, pigs and cattle, and their use in meat production on an industrial scale.
Meat is mainly composed of water and protein, and is usually eaten together with other food. It is edible raw but is normally eaten cooked and seasoned in a variety of ways. Unprocessed, it will spoil within hours or days.
[04 Aug 2015] South Africa Food Additives Market is segmented by Type (Preservatives, Sweeteners, Hydrocolloids, Colorants, others), Application (Dairy & Frozen, Bakery, Meat products, Beverages, Confectionery, others) & Geography.


I create art and illustrations for books, character concepts, decor, physical product, editorials, and more. From vector graphics to traditional, hand-drawn artwork, my imagery is bold and vibrant.
I am passionate about educating and helping people understand things that will allow them to accomplish their goals and be more productive and creative. I produce written, audio, and video content to train and inspire others.
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I'm an artist, designer, illustrator, and entrepreneur. I love making art, music, and designs; but most of all, showing you the process and providing helpful tips and resources to help others create what's inside their beautiful noggins.
For more about what Josh is doing, check out his YouTube channel.


text:
Die Burg Truppach war eine Wasserburg und ist heute ein Schloss im Gemeindeteil Truppach der Gemeinde Mistelgau im oberfränkischen Landkreis Bayreuth.

Geschichte
Die Familie von Truppach wurde bereits 1059 (als "de Trubaha") beurkundet. Sie gilt als Gefolgsleute der Walpoten und aus ihr ging später eine niederadelige Schicht reichsfreier Ministerialen hervor. Im Landbuch des Amtes Bayreuth von 1499 sind für den kleinen Ort Truppach zwei Adelssitze genannt: Einer gehörte der Familie von Aufseß, der andere nachweislich seit 1380 der Familie von Truppach. Letzterer wurde wenig später aufgegeben und Klaus von Truppach zog nach Alladorf. Die Familie von Truppach zählte zur Reichsritterschaft und war im Ritterkanton Gebürg organisiert. Sie starb 1550 aus.

Weiter ist bekannt, dass bereits 1380 die Wasserburg zu Truppach, benannt nach dem Bach Truppach, im Besitz von Conrad dem Älteren zu Christanz aus dem Haus Groß von Trockau war.

Das Schicksalsjahr 1523
In der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts entführte der Raubritter Hans Thomas von Absberg Kaufleute aus Reichsstädten in Franken und Schwaben auf ihren Handelsreisen und verlangte ein hohes Lösegeld für ihre Freilassung. Um die wachsende Gefahr der Gefangennahme durch Truppen des Schwäbischen Bundes zu verringern, suchte er sich Verbündete, die ihn bei seinen Raubzügen unterstützten und bei Gefahr seine Gefangenen auf ihren Burgen versteckten. Auch Wolf Heinrich von Aufseß gehörte dazu. 1523 sandte der Bund seine Truppen aus, um insgesamt 23 Raubnester dem Erdboden gleichzumachen. Die Truppen des Bundes, die aus 10.000 Fußsoldaten und 1.000 Reitern bestanden, führten 100 Kanonen, 30 Büchsen und 900 Zentner Schwarzpulver als Bewaffnung mit sich. Am 4. Juli erreichten sie die Burg Truppach und sprengten sie, um die Rückkehr derer von Truppach zu verhindern.

Die Jahrhunderte danach
Mit Hilfe des Bischofs von Bamberg, der das Bauholz bewilligte, konnte die Burg wenig später wieder aufgebaut werden. Friedrich von Vietinghoff erwarb das Schloss im Jahre 1792 und ließ einige kleinere Änderungen vornehmen. 1830 fiel es der Familie von Aufseß in die Hände, die es allerdings schon zehn Jahre später an Johann Georg Brey weiterverkaufte. Über die weitere Geschichte des Schlosses ist nichts bekannt, da ein späterer Besitzer aus ungeklärten Gründen alle Aufzeichnungen verbrannte. Das Schloss befindet sich heute in Privatbesitz. Das Erdgeschoss ist modernisiert und wird bewohnt. Das Treppenhaus und der erste Stock sind noch weitgehend in originalem, aber unbewohnbarem  Zustand; das Dachgeschoss ist teilrenoviert und ebenfalls unbewohnt.

Der Holzschnitt des Hans Wandereisen

Die Niederungsburg war durch einen Palisadenzaun und einen umlaufenden Wassergraben geschützt. An den Ecken der inneren Burgmauer ist je ein Türmchen zu erkennen. Das eigentliche Burgtor ist verhältnismäßig groß und trägt ein kleines Gebäude. Der Palas besteht aus mehreren Stockwerken. Das unterste besitzt massive  Steinmauern, die nur eine Fensteröffnung an der linken Seite haben. Die oberen Stockwerke sind in Fachwerk errichtet. Auch am Palas ist an jeder Ecke ein Scharwachttürmchen zu erkennen. Ein Turm in der Dachmitte weist wie die Waldsteinburg eine ungewöhnlich große Öffnung auf. Der Bergfried befindet sich in der rechten Hälfte der Anlage und ist nur durch einen Gang vom Palas aus erreichbar. Auch er besteht im oberen Teil aus Fachwerk. An der rechten Seite ist eine Pechnase zu erkennen. Die Truppen des Bundes aus fünf Reitern links und gut 30 Fußsoldaten rechts haben die Burg gerade ausgeräumt und die gefundenen Gegenstände vor der Anlage ausgebreitet. Ein Trommler und ein höherer Offizier begutachten in der Mitte die gefundenen Gegenstände. Die bündische Fahne, eigentlich rot-weiß, ist hier blau-weiß dargestellt, was auf eine fehlerhafte Kolorierung zurückzuführen sein dürfte. In der linken oberen Ecke ist eine Kapelle zu erkennen.

Literatur

 Hellmut Kunstmann: Die Burgen der nordwestlichen und nördlichen Fränkischen Schweiz. Nachdruck, Kommissionsverlag Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 2000, ISBN 3-7686-9265-5, S. 211–221.
 Aufzeichnungen von Karl Dietel im Stadtarchiv Münchberg

Weblinks

 Homepage der Gemeinde Mistelgau
 Fränkische Schweiz.de

Wasserburg im Landkreis Bayreuth
Schloss im Landkreis Bayreuth
Baudenkmal in Mistelgau
Niederungsburg in Oberfranken
Fränkische Schweiz
1523
Schloss in Europa
Burg in Europa
Burg


The National Weather Service has developed templates for new products that will replace the watches and warnings that have been used for decades.
The National Weather Service plans to begin in 2012 using new templates to get out the warning of events like this, the May 25, 2011 Sedalia tornado as seen in doppler radar velocity imagery. Image courtesy of the National Weather Service.
Warning Coordination Meteorologist Andy Bailey with the Kansas City/Pleasant Hill office of NWS says work stepped up to develop those templates in response to the toll taken by severe storms this year.
While new warning products may be heard in 2012, Bailey says the effort to create and refine the way NWS gets its message out will likely continue for several years.


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Seekers of Meaning Podcast
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Jewish Sacred Aging Bibliography
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Home » Podcasts » Radio Show » "Confessions of a Middle-Aged Babe Magnet" author Chad Stone visits Boomer Generation Radio
"Confessions of a Middle-Aged Babe Magnet" author Chad Stone visits Boomer Generation Radio
August 30, 2013WebmasterRadio Show0
Santa Fé, NM-based author Chad Stone, author of Confessions of a Middle-Aged Babe Magnet: One Man's Brave Adventure into Dating Again in the 21st Century
, is Rabbi Address's guest on the August 27 episode of Boomer Generation Radio on WWDB-AM 860 Philadelphia.
Boomer Generation Radio airs on WWDB-AM 860 every Tuesday at 10 a.m., and features news and conversation aimed at Baby Boomers and the issues facing them as members of what Rabbi Address calls "the club sandwich generation." You can hear the show live on AM 860, or streamed live from the WWDB website.
Subscribe to the RSS feed for all Jewish Sacred Aging podcasts.
Subscribe to these podcasts in the Apple iTunes Music Store.
About Chad Stone
Author Chad Stone
Chad Stone is a dating success story. He got divorced after 25 years of marriage and bravely entered the world of modern dating. He embraced his new single life and began to learn everything he could about dating, relationships, and finding love again.
Mr. Stone interviewed single adults of both sexes to get insights about what works and what doesn't work when searching for a romantic partner. He researched online dating, and he helped other single adults write effective online dating profiles. As part of his research, he attended dating events including "speed dating" evenings and dating mixers. His research and personal dating experience became the basis for his humorous memoir, Confessions of a Middle-Aged Babe Magnet: One Man's Brave Adventure into Dating Again in the 21 st Century .
Stone frequently appears as a guest on radio and TV shows to discuss dating and relationships. He brings much-needed humor and common sense to finding love and keeping the romance alive in a loving relationship. He is a frequent contributor to a wide variety of online and print publications, and he has also served as a featured "Advice from Men" contributor to datingwithoutdrama.com.
"Relationships are supposed to be fun," says Stone. "Looking for the love of your life is also supposed to be fun. I am constantly looking for the humor and the lighter side of dating and relationships, and I encourage everyone to do the same. Going on a first date–or going on a date night with your spouse–should be an enjoyable experience. If it feels like a chore or it feels like work, you're not doing it right. You need to lighten up and enjoy the moment."
Chad Stone shares his own personal brand of dating and relationship advice (often humorous) on his blog. His first book about dating, Confessions of a Middle-Aged Babe Magnet, was published in 2012. The book is available on amazon.com and at selected retailers.
Chad Stone owns a successful marketing and public relations business. He lives with his wife (who he met on a popular online dating site) in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
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author, babe magnet, baby boomers, club sandwich generation, elder care, jewish sacred aging, middle-aged, rabbi richard address, talk radio, wwdb-AM
About Jewish Sacred Aging
Jewish Sacred Aging is a forum for the Jewish Community with resources and texts that feature discussions on the implications of the revolution in longevity for Baby Boomers and their families. We encourage you to participate in the conversation!
Jewish Sacred Aging has relaunched its podcast series as the "Seekers of Meaning Podcast," every Friday morning at 8 a.m. A new podcast will publish on this site every Friday.
Upcoming 2020 Shows
January 10: Rabbis Malka Drucker and Nadya Gross on their book, Embracing Wisdom: Soaring in the Second Half of Life
January 17: Rabbi Shim Maslin on his new book, God For Grown Ups
January 24: Rabbi Rick Jacobs, president of Union for Reform Judaism
January 31: Jerome Kerner, Sage-ing International
February 7: Scott Shay on his new book, In Good Faith: Questioning Religion and Atheism
February 14: Jennifer Harper on HUC-JIR Interfaith Doctor of Ministry Program
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Parking Garage Sweeping - Extra Clean Inc.
EXTRA CLEAN provides professional and cost- effective parking lot maintenance and garage cleaning services for all your property management needs throughout Maryland, Virginia and Washington, DC.
Our full service parking garage pressure washing and surface lot sweeping programs are designed to give your parking garage areas a clean, crisp, professional appearance.
EXTRA CLEAN is capable of handling your parking garage cleaning, sealing and parking lot striping needs to help you to create a well maintained parking facility.
Power Sweeping – We use only the best equipment and maintain a skilled staff.
Hand Blowing – Along garage walls, corners, entrance/exit areas, elevator landings and other areas to remove trash, cigarette debris, leaves and dust.
Pressure Washing – Safe and non-abrasive solution using chemical injections.
Specialty Cleaning – Detailed services such as cleaning overhead pipes, ducts, signage, stairwells or other areas that may require special attention.
Seal Coating – Garage sealing and coating with UV protection, as necessary.
Striping – Old lines and markings decreases the overall appearance and creates a potentially confusing and unsafe environment for customers.
Depending on your parking garage's needs, we will work with you to define a scope of work that is reasonable and fits within your project's budget. We have the privilege of working with some of the largest parking management companies in the Mid-Atlantic Region and we would welcome an opportunity to speak with you about your property's needs.
People may not to visit a business based on the looks before they even park.
Regular garage sweeping for "curb appeal" is a very important component.
Outside parking areas are where customers will develop a first impression.
Sand, dirt, grease, and other debris will shorten the useful life of pavement.
Replacement costs for paving exceed the routine expense of garage cleaning.


We are writing to urgently request that you ensure the stability and openness of the internet in Zimbabwe. We have received reports that your government has shut down the internet. On behalf of the more than 170 organizations from over 60 countries that make up the #KeepitOn Coalition, we implore you to keep the internet on.
The open internet has fostered unprecedented creativity, innovation, and access to information and to other kinds of social, economic, cultural, and political opportunities across the globe. The technical means used to block access to information online often dangerously undermine the stability and resiliency of the internet. Internet shutdowns must never be allowed to become the new normal.
Condemns unequivocally measures to intentionally prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online in violation of international human rights law and calls on all States to refrain from and cease such measures.
The UN Human Rights Committee, the official interpreter of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, emphasizes in General Comment no. 34 that restrictions on speech online must be strictly necessary and proportionate to achieve a legitimate purpose.  Shutdowns, by contrast, disproportionately impact all users, and unnecessarily restrict access to information and emergency services communications during crucial moments. Shutdowns are neither necessary to, nor effective at, achieving a legitimate aim, as they often spread confusion and encourage more people to join public demonstrations.
We are happy to assist you in any of these matters.