text:
KIRI PUNCHA v. KIRI UKKU AND OTHERS
029-SLLR-SLLR-1981-1-KIRI-PUNCHA-v.-KIRI-UKKU-AND-OTHERS.pdf
KIRI PUNCHA
KIRI UKKU AND OTHERS
ISMAIL. J., WANASUNDERA. X,
AND WIMALARATNE. X,
S. C. APPEAL NO. 44/79
A. APPEAL NO. 736/75IF). CA<LA) 73/79(SC)
C. KURUNEGALA NO. 2353/LMARCH 2, 1981.
Declaration of Title — Succession —Paraveni property —Rights of illegitimate children— S. 10(3) & proviso to s. 10(1) of Kandyan Law Declaration and Amendment Ordi-nance.
When the deceased did not leave behind legitimate children or a widow or parents hisbrothers and sisters are entitled to succeed to his property. This was the principle ofsuccession prior to the enactment of the Kandyan Law Declaration and AmendmentOrdinance and the Ordinance has not affected any change in the position. The proviso. to s. 10(1) of the Ordinance is declaratory of the then existing law and has not effected achange in the law. The words 'child or descendant' in the proviso includes an illegiti-mate child or descendant.
The general principle of Kandyan Law is that an illegitimate child was not entitledto inherit the paraveni property so long as there were other heirs howsoever remoteand paraveni was always understood to mean property which a deceased person wasentitled to by succession to another.
Illegitimate children are entitled to succeed to their father's acquired property.It was also the position in the general Kandyan Law that an illegitimate child cannotinherit the property of his grandfather. If his father had predeceased the grandfather, hewould not be in a better position than if his father had survived and the property wouldstill descend as paraveni.
As the property which is the subject matter of the action constitutes paraveni itwould devolve on the deceased's paternal heirs and not on his illegitimate children.
Appuhami v. Lappaya (1905)8 NLR 328 disapproved and not followed.
Sonnadara v. Dingiri Etana (1956) 57 NLR 333.
Rankin' v. Ukku (1907) 10 NLR 129.
Appuhami v. Lapaya (1905) 8 NLR 328.
Ukku v. Horathala (1948) 50 NLR 243.
Punchi Banda v. Nagasena (1963) 64 NLR 548.
Tatnmitta v. Palipane (1965) 70 NLR 520.
Dullewe v. Dullewe (1968) 71 NLR 289.
Su/atha Kumarihamy v. Dingiri Amma (1969) 72 NLR 409.
(1981) 1 S. L R.
Mohideen v. Punchi Banda (1947) 48 NLP 318.
Setuwa v. Sirimalie (1947) 48 NLR 391.
Ausadahamy v. Tikiri Banda (1950) 52 NLR 314.
Wimalawathie v. Punchi Banda (1955) 57 NLR 73.
APPEAL from judgment of the Court of Appeal.
Everard Ratnayake with P. Samararatna for plaintiff-appellant
N. R. M. Daluwatte with K. S. Tillekeratne for 4th defendant-respondent.
Cur. adv. vuit.
April 1, 1981.
WANASUNDERA, J.
This is an action for declaration of title and ejectment filed by theplaintiff-appellant against the 1st to 4th defendants-respondents toan undivided 1 /4th share of a land called Kadjugahamulla Kum-bura. This 1/4th share was originally owned by one Kirimudi-yanse, who sold it in 1941 to Sala. Both the plaintiff and thedefendants trace their title to Sala. Sala died in 1946, leaving twochildren – a son, Sevranga and daughter, Sudhathi. Sudhathi wentout in diga during her father's lifetime and had a son Siriya who,by deed P3 of 1958 which recites title by way of maternal inheri-tance, transferred this undivided 1 /4th share to the plaintiff.Sala's son Sevranga, though he had married, died leaving behindonly four illegitimate children, the 1st to 4th defendants. Theabove facts have been established at the trial, and it is alsocommon ground that, as the parties are Kandyans, their rights ofsuccession are governed by the Kandyan Law, more particularlyby the Kandyan Law Declaration and Amendment Ordinance(Cap. 59).
The real issue in this case is whether or-not Sevranga's paternalrelations, from whom the plaintiff claims title, are entitled to suc-ceed to Sevranga's property in preference to Sevranga's illegiti-mate children, the 1st to 4th defendants. The learned DistrictJudge, apparently following earlier decisions, held that, as the pro-perty which is the subject matter of the action constitutes para-veni, it would devolve on Sevranga's paternal heirs and not on hisillegitimate children. The Court of Appeal, relying on the provisoto Sub-seclion (i) of section iu of tne Ordinance, disagreed withthis view and, in the face of numerous decisions which both ex-pressly and impliedly take a different view, has given judgment forthe defendants.
Mr. Ratnayake for the plaintiff-appellant submitted that thegeneral principle of Kandyan Law is that, in a situation such as
this, when the deceased did not leave behind legitimate children ora widow or parents, his brothers and sisters are entitled to succeedto his property. This was the principle of succession prior to theenactment of the Kandyan Law Declaration and AmendmentOrdinance (Cap. 59) and the Ordinance has not affected anychange in the position. He has submitted that it is settled law thatthe proviso to section 10(1), on which the defendants rely, is only 'a restatement of the general Kandyan Law that existed prior tothe enactment and that in the case of succession by ancestors orcollaterals of the deceased, like in this case, a special rule conver-ting or transmuting paraveni property into acquired propertycomes into play to make as equitable as possible the distributionof the deceased's property among heirs on both the paternal andmaternal sides. If however the normal rule regarding the devolu-tion of paraveni were to apply, it would result in such paraveniproperty devolving entirely on the heirs on the paternal side.
Although the overriding principle in Kandyan Law is thatlands must revert to the source from which it came, KandyanLaw found it possible in refining that principle to draw a valid dis-tinction between real ancestral property forming part of the' family estate and paraveni property which was recently acquiredby the deceased's father. There is no question that the formermust devolve on the heirs on the paternal side, but the questionwas asked why the latter too should be dealt with in the sameway. Hence the principle that in such situations recently acquiredparaveni is deemed to be acquired property to enable maternalheirs also to make a claim. Mr. Ratnayake has therefore submittedthat the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 10 must be interpre-ted in the light of the above background and can have no widerapplication than to that peculiar situation. His submissions, I maysay, do not lack substantial support from the case law and thewriters of Kandyan Law.
Hayley,. in his Laws and Customs of the Sinhalese, at page 221,has declared the prevailing law on this topic in the followingwords —
"it would.seem that the term 'acquired property' has
a relative signification, varying in accordance with the classes ofheirs who claim a share; for whereas any property descendedfrom a man's father is inherited property for the purpose of.distribution amongst his widow and children, when the contestis between maternal uncles and paternal uncles, the former areentitled to the deceased's acquired property, which in that caseincludes property newly acquired by the deceased's father
(1981) 1 S. L. R.
which has descended to the deceased (Niti. 103; P.A. 46-7).This modification is a logical one;for when such heirs as thefather's brothers succeed to part of the estate, on the groundnot so much of true succession, but rather by virtue of the prin-ciple that lands must revert to the source whence they came,there is no reason for assigning to them an interest in propertywhich was acquired separately by their deceased brother andnever formed part of the family lands of themselves or theirfather."
In Sonnadara /. Dingin' Etana (57 N.L.R. 333)^) Gratiaen, J.,held that "the proviso to section 10(1) of the Ordinance is in truthdeclaratory of the earlier law."
It would thus appear that this principle of conversion of para-veni to acquired property has limited application and was neverintended to apply to a case such as the present, which involves thedevolution of such property to an illegitimate child. Where an ille-gitimate child is concerned, the general principle of Kandyan Lawis that an illegitimate child was not entitled to inherit theparaveniproperty so long as there were other heirs howsoever remote, andparaveni was always understood to mean property which a decea-sed person was entitled to by succession to another.
Illegitimate children are however entitled to succeed to theirfather's acquired property, and Rankiriv. Ukku (10 N.L.R. 129)(2)settled any doubt that may have existed on this matter. Whenthe Court of Appeal relied on this decision, it probably overloo-ked the fact that the acquired property in this case was acquiredproperty in the normal and usual sense and not in the extendedsense contained in the proviso.
It was also the position in the general Kandyan Law that anillegitimate child cannot inherit the property of his grandfather.Even if his father had predeceased the grandfather, he would notbe in a better position than if his father had survived and the pro-perty would still descend as paraveni. Hayley, page 391.
Armour, referring especially to such a case stated —
"Therefore in case that man died before his parents, hischildren by that woman will have no right to any share of hisparent's estate, the said children will be entitled to inheritonly such property as their father had himself acquired bypurchase or other means of acquest (P.S.8)."
The case of Appuhami v. Lapaya (8 N.L.R. 328)^ cited bythe Court of Appeal, constitutes a departure from the aboveprinciples. In this case, dealing with the rights of an illegitimatechild of the deceased person called Rattarana who had predeceas-ed his own father, Wendt, J. sitting alone, said —
"He succeeds directly to his grandfather; the property doesnot come 'through' his father Rattarana in the sense that thefather ever had any interest in it, and there is therefore noreason for the argument that when it reached Wattuwa it wasRattarana'sparaveni property".
, This view is clearly not in accordance with the principles ofKandyan Law. Hay ley at page 392 of his book shows by referenceto the passage from Armour and other institutional writers onKandyan Law that Wendt, J. had overlooked certain basic featuresof the Kandyan Law in coming to this conclusion. Hayley obser-ves —
"If his Lordship's attention had been drawn to it, hisdecision would perhaps have been different. In allowing theappeal, Wendt, J. relies mainly on the proposition that theproperty descended to the grandchild directly in its character ofacquired property. Such a view, however, disregards the generalprinciple of representation on which the rights of grandchildrenare based, and also fails to take account of the fact that illegi-timacy itself usually arose from the refusal of the grandparentsto recognize the marriage, for which very reason the issue ofsuch marriage was debarred from inheriting any property des-cending from them."
It may be added that Wendt, J. had not resorted to the principleof the conversion of paraveni into acquired property, which heprobably knew did not apply to the case, but sought to create newlaw on the fiction of a direct succession of the grandchild to theacquired property of the grandfather. Such a basis is totally uh-known to the Kandyan Law and the solution he has offered standsout as a novelty quite out of character with the general principlesof Kandyan Law.
The Court of Appeal was also of the view that the proviso tosection 10 embodies the recommendations of the Kandyan LawCommission which are contained in paragraphs 125 and 133 oftheir Report, and those paragraphs have recommended a change inthe law. It is a cardinal principle of interpretation that in constru-
ing the words of a statute we must look to the statute itself for ananswer. Courts however have thought it permissible when the wor-ding of a statute was ambiguous to ascertain the previous stateof the law and the reasons which led to the enactment of thelegislation and have for this purpose looked at Reports of Commi-ssions which led to the legislation. Vide Ukku v. Horathala (50NLR 243)(4), Punchi Banda v. Naqasena (64 NLR 548)'5),Thammitta v. Palipane (70 NLR 520)1°) Dull ewe v. Dullewa (71NLR 289)(7) and Sujatha Kumarihamy v. Dingin' Amma (72 NLR409) <8>.
I am at a loss to understand how the. Court of Appeal couldhave arrived at that conclusion when paragraphs 125, 130 and 133have set out the intention of the Commissioners in the plainestterms. If they left any room for doubt, the express reference inthese paragraphs to the passage from Hayley, which l have quotedearlier, would have made that intention doubly certain that theCommission wished to have the law restated in the same terms asit was then existing and did not venture to advocate a change ofthe law. Accordingly our courts have hitherto found no difficultyin holding that the proviso to section 10(1) was declaratory of thethen existing law and has not effected a change in the law.
So much for the background to the legislation. Let me now turnto the actual task of interpreting the provisions of section 10 ofthe Ordinance. Section 10 seeks to define the expression 'paraveniproperty.' Section 10 sub-section (1) contains the followingproviso:—
"Provided, however, that if the deceased shall not have left,him surviving any child or descendant, property which had beenthe -acquired property of the person from whom it passed to thedeceased shall be deemed acquired property of the deceased."
The plaintiffs case is that the words "any child or descendant"in the proviso must be construed to include both a legitimate andillegitimate child or descendant, while it has been contended forthe defendants that that expression takes in only the legitimatechildren and not the illegitimate children.
In Mohideen v. Punchi Banda (48 N.L.R. 318)(9), the thenSupreme Court was called upon to decide this same question,namely whether or not the words "child or descendant" in theproviso to section 10(1) included an illegitimate child or descen-dant. Keuneman, A. C. J., in a careful judgment after scrutinisingthe provisions of sections 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, and
Chapter V (and not merely sections 16 and 18, as the Court ofAppeal seems to suggest), held that "where the draftsman of theOrdinance used the word 'child' or 'descendant' he meant a widerclass than the legitimate issue, and that these words cover boththe legitimate and -illegitimate issue."
In Setuwa v. Sirimalie (48 N.L.R. 391)^0)(wijeyewardene,S.P.J., added his authority having independently arrived at thesame conclusion. Wijeyewardene, S.P.J., too considered thewording of sections 8, 11, 15, 16, 18, 21 and 23 and subjectedthem to a detailed analysis. He has rightly linked the proviso tosection 10(1) with the special situation relating to the conversionof paraveni to acquired property mentioned by Hayley and statedthat the pr<A/iso appears to have been inserted to give effect to the"relative signification" of the term 'acquired property' under theKandyan Law referred to in Hayley's Laws and Customs of theSinhalese, page 221, which he has quoted with approval.
It may be added that in both these cases the Judges hadapproached the issue with due regard to the proper canons ofstatutory interpretation and was mindful of the rule that areference to children or descendant in a law or-instrument should-prima facie have the meaning of legitimate children or descendantunless a contrary intention is expressed or is deducible bynecessary inference.
These two decisions have been accepted as correctly stating thelaw and had been followed by the courts of this country fornearly a third of a century. Vide also Ukku v. Horathaia (supra).The Court of Appeal has not succeeded in pointing out any erroror fault in the method of approach or reasoning in the judgmentsof these two Judges and has only been able to make someobservations on section 18 about which there can hardly be adifference of views.
In fairness to the Court of Appeal I have taken the liberty of re-considering those two judgments and after a careful considerationof the relevant provisions I find that there is little I could usefullyadd to the cogent reasoning and conclusions of these two eminentJudges. These decisions have also indicated that some of the othersections of the Ordinance would be unworkable if the word 'child'in the proviso to section 10(1) is given the meaning contended forby the defendants.
The Court of Appeal would not have misdirected itself had itunderstood the true import of section 10.. This section is a defini-
(1981) 1S. L. R.
tion section and does not purport to set out a devolution of titleas, for example, section 15 which deals with the rights of illegiti-mate children. It would be noted that in section 15 the draftsmanhas been careful to describe the word 'child' as 'illegitimate,'while on the other hand there is the absence of such an adjectivein the proviso to section 10(1). If the proviso also had the word'legitimate' or 'illegitimate,' then there may have been some justifi-cation for connecting up the proviso with the provisions of sec-tion 15 even in some remote way but as presently worded there isno room for it to function in any other way except as a definingsection.
Another matter worthy of attention is that in defining the twoexpressions 'paraveni property' and 'acquired property,' the Ordi-nance proceeds in the first instance to define the term 'paraveni'in a detailed manner and then states in negative terms that allproperty which is not paraveni is deemed to be acquired property— section 10(3). As against this, the proviso to section 10(1) andsection 10(2) appear to deal with certain intermediate situationswhich are in the nature of exceptions to the general division refe-rred to earlier. Prima facie then the primary meaning of acquiredproperty as contained in sub-section (3) of section 10 should beassigned to that expression whenever it occurs in the body ofOrdinance. As Nagalirtgam, J. pointed out in Ausadahamy v. TikiriBanda (52 N.L.R. 314)^ ■), the term 'acquired property' in theproviso to section 10(1) cannot have the same meaning as thatterm has in sub-section (3) of section 10, and the expression'acquired property' in the proviso to sub-section (1) of the Section10 must be limited to the special situation which the Legislaturehad in mind. What then was this special situation ? As shownearlier, this is the situation referred to by Hayley at page 221 ofhis book and which was cited by the Kandyan Law Commission.There could be little doubt as to the connection between the twoand the meaning that should be given to the proviso.
The judgment of the Court of Appeal leaves one with the impre-ssion that it proceeded under the misconception that the whole ofthe Kandyan Law is to be found within the four corners of thisOrdinance and accordingly disposed of the issue in the case in anarrow and technical manner. The decisions of our courts show
Llldi limy ildve always apprOaChcu SLiCh
_j:xx~..o.i.. j :«
iiaitci d ui i ici ci my anu it
is relevant to have regard to the accepted principles of general.Kandyan Law in matters as this — Wimalawathie v. Punchi Banda(57 N.L.R. 73)<12). Such an approach was absolutely necessaryin the present case, for there are ample grounds to show that theproviso to sub-section (1) of section 10 was merely declaratory ofthe then existing law.
For these reasons I am of the view that this appeal must suc-ceed. The judgment of the District Court is restored. The Plaintiff-appellant would be entitled to costs, both here and in the Court ofAppeal.
ISMAIL, J. – I agree.
Wl MALAR ATIME, J. – I agree.
Appeal allowed.


text:
NCAA Football 2002
This American Football-related article is a stub. You can help by adding to it.
Predecessor title
Successor title
American Football, Simulation
NCAA Football 2002, released only for the PlayStation 2, featured Florida State quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Chris Weinke on the cover.
This was the first version released for PlayStation 2, it lacked features (such as Custom League, Custom Tournament, and Create-a-school) that were present in the previous PlayStation edition (2001).
The game featured a new "Campus Cards" rewards system, which allowed players to unlock special features in the game such as historical teams or special stadiums.
v · d · eNCAA Football series
College Football series
Bill Walsh College Football · Bill Walsh College Football '95 · College Football USA '96 · College Football USA '97
NCAA Football series
98 · 99 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14
Retrieved from "https://gamicus.gamepedia.com/index.php?title=NCAA_Football_2002&oldid=83590"
American football stubs
NCAA Football (series)
ESRB-E

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Australian Industry Group has challenged the Victorian ICT minister and IT industry to properly explain the NBN to people and businesses who "don't know what they don't know".
The comments were made yesterday in front of ICT minster, John Lenders, who outlined a number of ambitious targets to establish Victoria as the country's premier NBN state, including a goal of signing one million NBN residential and business customers by 2015.
The goals are part of the state's $110 million, six-point plan to boost the state's ICT credentials, of which the NBN was a key point in a response to the announcement by the head of the Victorian branch of the Australian Industry Group, Tim Piper.
Piper welcomed the government's investment promises but said the benefits of the NBN were not fully understood by people and businesses outside the ICT sector.
"For industry and the take-up of NBN and whatever NBN can add, really industry and people don't know what they don't know, that's really the problem," Piper said.
The government and industry need to demonstrate tangible benefits of the NBN to encourage take-up, he said.
"Companies need to be able to see, touch, feel what can be done, they have to be led and shown how ICT can help.
"It's not just their Blackberry that's ICT, it's understanding the tangible commercial benefits of NBN and what it offers, and to get companies on the front foot, they need to have a thorough understanding of what those are.
The comments highlight the challenge before Lenders, who has set a number of ambitious targets to achieve the goal to "establish Victoria as the most extensive and productive broadband economy in Australia".
In the action plan, the first two key performance indicators are "Victoria has the deepest NBN fibre rollout of any state", and "more than one million Victorian households and businesses taking a broadband service over the NBN by 2015".
The government will also spend $14 million on projects to develop applications to leverage high-speed broadband, which includes improving regional services and lifestyles.
The plan contains a lot of information about the benefits of broadband but is relatively scant on detail about how the Victorian government plans to achieve its lofty goals.
The key action points are to lobby the federal government to ensure the state has the "earliest and most extensive possible deployment of the NBN", and to also "extend the minimum rollout obligations in Victoria".
"The Australian Government's commitment for the NBN fibre network to reach 93 per cent of the population is expected to be determined on a commercial basis," the report said.
"The Victorian Government believes that Victoria can achieve significantly better broadband coverage by identifying commercial factors that make greater deployment feasible.


text:
Q: Remote event receiver not firing (SharePoint Online) I have downloaded the PnP sample project ECM.AutoTagging and have configured an azure service bus for debugging, have created new client id/token and updated the app manifest/web.config and so on. I can set breakpoints on library creation and the code to attach the event receiver is run. I check with PnP PowerShell that is has been added also:
$list = Get-PnPList -Identity AutoTaggingSampleItemAdded
Get-PnPEventReceiver -List $list

ReceiverName                                             ReceiverId                           SequenceNumber EventType
------------                                             ----------                           -------------- ---------
PnPAutoTaggingItemAdded                                  b599481b-76e8-4159-8a82-a59b5b8f0f18 0              ItemAdded

but it's not firing when I'm creating a new document or uploading one to the library.
The code
        public SPRemoteEventResult ProcessEvent(SPRemoteEventProperties properties)
        {
            SPRemoteEventResult _result = new SPRemoteEventResult();

            try
            {
                switch(properties.EventType)
                {
                    case SPRemoteEventType.ItemAdded:
                        HandleAutoTaggingItemAdded(properties);
                        break;
                    case SPRemoteEventType.ItemAdding:
                        HandleAutoTaggingItemAdding(properties, _result);
                        break;
                }
                _result.Status = SPRemoteEventServiceStatus.Continue;
            }
            catch(Exception)
            {
                //You should log here.
            }
            return _result;
        }

Isn't being hit. I haven't changed any code from the example so I'm not sure what I could be missing? The code example is three years old so could how to do things have been updated since then?
Thanks in advance.

A: Hard to say if this is all you need but ItemAdded events use the ProcessOneWayEvent method and not ProcessEvent. Notice how ProcessEvent returns a value; that's for async receivers like ItemAdding.  That code will never get hit on ItemAdded.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint/dev/sp-add-ins/create-a-remote-event-receiver-in-sharepoint-add-ins
Also your web server's HTTP logs should be able to tell conclusively if requests have been made to it.

A: If you are using the modern library UI, I noticed events are not being triggered at all.
Try it on classic UI, if it works- you know this is the cause.
I have no solution currently for modern library UI supporting events, modern UI seems to broke event receivers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
En mathématiques, la conjecture de Feit-Thompson est une conjecture de théorie des nombres, formulée pour la première fois par Walter Feit et John G. Thompson en 1962. Elle dit qu'il n'y a pas de nombres premiers distincts  et  tels que :

Si la conjecture était vraie, cela simplifierait considérablement le dernier chapitre de la preuve du théorème de Feit-Thompson, qui dit que tout groupe fini d'ordre impair est résoluble.

La conjecture forte, qui dit que les pour tous nombres premiers distincts  et , les deux entiers  et  sont premiers entre eux, a été réfutée en 1971 par Stephens, qui a donné le contre-exemple  = 17 et  = , avec  = .

Un argument informel de probabilité suggère que le nombre « prévu » de contre-exemples pour la conjecture de Feit et Thompson est très proche de 0, ce qui va dans le sens de la conjecture.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
Polynôme cyclotomique
Conjecture de Goormaghtigh

Lien externe
 (Attention : cet article fait la confusion entre la conjecture de Feit et Thompson et la conjecture forte évoquée ci-dessus)

Théorie des nombres
Feit-Thompson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


House - Piera (Badorc) , 600m2, 39m2, 4 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, pool.
Townhouse - Martorell (Can casas) , Built Surface 165m2, 350m2, 4 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Urbanizacion.
House - Collbato (CASCO ANTIGUO) , Built Surface 270m2, 550m2, 7m2, 4 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms.


Yup, you've read that right. Every month before it's 20th most of us are broke. No matter what you do you never save up. Forget saving up, by 21st it's about eating daal chaawal every night till you get your next month's salary. Ever wondered why?
Here are 5 definite reasons for you being broke. So take the cue and avoid them the next month!
All those hours spent on online websites and the reckless shopping. Remember that? Time to calm down. We all love shopping so time to shop on a budget. Make a list of stuff you want to buy and then buy one at a time. Of course, offers and sales are undeniable (Elanic has great offers all day long!) but keeping a track on your shopping spree will help you survive.
We all love food and what's the easiest way to fill your tummy? Order online or go out to eat! Admit it, you've done it too. Eating out or ordering in is good but not always. Learn to cook a little as this helps you spend less. Plus it's healthier keeping you fit.
No one can escape this. Every time you pay rent you feel half your salary going off? Been there, doing that right now! Of course, you can't avoid this but what you can do is keep little saving for your emergency needs.
Stop taking money from your friends. The more you take, the more you are broke the moment you get your next salary. Paying debts is never-ending so try to avoid taking money.
Keep your alcohol intake on a check. Partying too often is also one of the reasons for being broke. Go out once in a while, have a few drinks and keep your pocket off from burning a hole.
I know it's not easy to save up but keeping a check on the following points will help you not be broke, at least help you survive the month.


PENN 10 v. STATE FOSTER October 29, 1999 No. 99-CA-2337.
CONE v. NATIONAL EMERGENCY SERVICES INC October 29, 1999 No. 99-C-0934.
STATE v. SMITH October 29, 1999 No. 98-K-2078.
IN RE: Adair D. JONES. October 19, 1999 No. 99-B-1036.
STATE v. BALLARD October 19, 1999 No. 98-K-2198.
STATE v. MISKELL October 19, 1999 No. 98-KK-2146.
REINHARDT v. REINHARDT October 19, 1999 No. 99-C-0723.
SPORTSMAN STORE OF LAKE CHARLES INC v. SONITROL SECURITY SYSTEMS OF CALCASIEU INC October 19, 1999 No. 99-C-0201.
NETECKE v. STATE DOTD October 19, 1999 Nos. 98-C-1182, 98-C-1197.
BOULLT v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO October 19, 1999 No. 99-C-0942.
FALGOUT v. DEALERS TRUCK EQUIPMENT CO October 19, 1999 No. 98-C-3150.
IN RE: the Matter of LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE AND INDEMNITY COMPANY d/b/a Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana. October 19, 1999 No. 98-C-3034.
JURISICH v. JENKINS October 19, 1999 No. 99-C-0076.
STATE v. BROADWAY October 19, 1999 No. 96-KA-2659.
IN RE: A. Gill DYER. October 19, 1999 No. 99-B-1652.
GREFER v. ALPHA TECHNICAL October 15, 1999 No. 99-CC-1782.
SPEER v. WHITECLOUD III October 15, 1999 No. 99-CC-1879.
STATE of Louisiana in the Interest of D.T. October 13, 1999 No. 99-CC-2849.
IN RE: David FERGURSON October 8, 1999 No. 99-B-2484.
IN RE: Jerome W. DIXON. October 1, 1999 No. 99-B-1743.
IN RE: Blake G. WILLIAMS. October 1, 1999 No. 99-B-1829.
STATE v. COLOMB October 1, 1999 No. 98-K-2813.


text:
MOHA's Objectives
MOHA Research Center, with headquarter in Kavala, in the house of the family of Mohammed Ali recognizes in its environment the particular influences it has from: a) the history, the geopolitical position and nature, the relief and beauty of the city of Kavala and of the wider region, b) the East and its cultures over the centuries, c) Egypt and its culture as it is reflected in the personality of Mohammed Ali, d) the Mediterranean and its cultures.
Based on the above, MOHA's particular objectives are:
The systematic study, recording, documentation and maintenance of the cultural diversity, which is found in the modern world and in the wider area of the Mediterranean and the near East.
The study of the history and the interaction of the pre-Renaissance Mediterranean civilizations and their impact upon the scientific, technological and cultural heritage of the modern world.
Raise awareness of the "One Thousand Years of Missing History" from Hellenistic times to Renaissance and the Muslim contributions to our shared scientific and technological heritage.
Make the secular Islamic and the Western World more understanding of each other by generating social cohesion, cultural awareness and mutual respect.
Render homage to the Muslim World for its exceptional achievements.
Invite Governments to become aware of the gaps in the school educational curriculum, relating to the Muslim contribution to our civilization.
Encourage young students to view scientific and technological innovation as a positive and constructive channel of the personal expression of beliefs and as an alternative to social or religious isolation.
Make policy makers understand that scientific and technological heritage can act as a bridge between communities, thereby increasing domestic social cohesion and inter-cultural respect.
Unite people against "violence in the name of religion" by highlighting the importance of common cultural paths.


The Town of Wellington is a statutory town governed by the Board of Trustees. The Board meets on the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month at 7:30 p.m. in the Leeper Center.
Did you know you can subscribe to CAC's calendar and receive emails when events are added? CAC is planning fun events this year, please visit our page to learn more.
The Wellington Colorado Main Streets Program is an organized group of pro-active citizens whose goal is to promote, enhance, and develop downtown Wellington for the benefit of its inhabitants, businesses, and visitors.


text:
Q: Panda DataFrame.groupby() wierd behaviour with numpy array I have a very big dataframe that I can't put here unlikely for a demonstration but I am wondering if there is an explanation for a problem I have with my code using groupby() method.
So, let df be a numeric pandas.DataFrame with (11815, 409) as shape.
Let arr = df.as_matrix().astype(float).
Why I have this??
print df.groupby(["col1","col2"]).mean().reset_index().shape
>> (624, 409)

While:
print pandas.DataFrame(arr).groupby([df["col1"],df["col2"]]).mean().values().shape
>> (623, 409)

Note THAT this problem show up also with ["col1","col2","col3"] BUT don't occur with ["col2","col3"],"col1", "col2" and "col3".
So, there is a problem with 'col1' but what it can be??
Any explanation please??


text:
Home > Journals > Earth & Environmental Sciences > AJCC
AJCC> Vol.6 No.2, June 2017
Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies for Road Transportation in Oman
Abstract Full-Text HTML XML Download as PDF (Size:760KB) PP. 217-229
DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.62011 1,300 Downloads 1,992 Views Citations
Patrick Amoatey, Hameed Sulaiman*
Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Oman is a fast developing country where about 76% of registered vehicles as of 2014 were private cars with approximately one private car per household. The growth of automobile is faster than the growth of human population. From 2000-2009, Omani population has increased by 2% per annum while automobile usage in the country has increased by 4.3%. The leadership of Sultanate of Oman has pledged to cut down greenhouse (GHG) emissions by 2% as a commitment to United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Due to very limited public transportation system, traffic congestion and emission from vehicles are high during working days since majority of individuals uses private vehicles as only means of transport. This paper seeks to combine mitigation measures adopted in selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and UNFCCC to suggest cost-effective measures suitable in reducing GHG emissions from road transportation sector in Oman. These measures will specifically reduce vehicular emissions during working days where car occupancy rates are very low in an economically sustainable way.
Greenhouse Gas, Road Transport, Private Vehicles, Mitigation, Oman
Urban environment is rapidly dominating the world. The current global urban population is about 50% in early 21st century and it is expected to reach 60% by the year 2060 mostly in developing countries. Carbon dioxides (CO2) is the major greenhouse gas (GHG) produced by vehicles in the urban areas as well as other gases such volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) which pose health threat to human population [1] . The amount and type of gaseous emissions produced by vehicles depend on the quantity of fossil fuel consumed, vehicle technology, fuel quality and land-use planning [2] .
Oil is the dominant source of fuel for major modes of transportation of which road transportation alone accounts for 81% of total energy consumed [3] . Transport is responsible for 24% of total global GHG emissions with road trans- port contributing to 75% CO2 emissions [4] . Current scientific and political con- sensus, as represented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is that man-made emission of CO2 and other GHGs are causing a significant rise in global average temperature; over and above that might be due to any natural phenomena [5] .
Oman is fast developing in the region where about 76% of registered vehicles as of 2014 were private cars with approximately one private car per household [6] . Governments, policy makers and businesses are urgently required to mitigate global warming and to seek cost effective measures to reduce GHG emissions in response to fast growing interest and concern about climate change over the decade [7] . The overdependence on private vehicles for both passengers and freight transport can be attributed to high income level of the country, low population density and long distance between towns and cities settlements. Another factor that is contributing to high number of private cars is due to cheap fuel, excellent road networks and unfavorable high temperature [8] . Increase in urbanization and centralization of governments ministries, institutes and business in the urban centers in Oman is another driver for high dependence of private vehicles as about three quarters of Oman's population are currently living in urban centers [9] . Several developed and developing nations around the world have started adapting mitigation measures to reduce GHG emissions in road transport sector as an alternative approach of combating global climate change. First and foremost, this paper seeks to assess and evaluate GHG inventories relating to road transportation sector within Middle East and North African (MENA) countries and Sultanate of Oman; secondly, to explore and evaluate the current GHG emission mitigation measures adopted by some selected developing countries. Finally, to recommend medium-term and long-term mitigation measures appropriate reducing GHG emissions in road transport sector in Oman.
2. Current Transportation System in Oman and MENA Region
The transportation is an important sector as it supports businesses and commerce and facilitates movement of general goods and services and other social activities thereby contributing to sustainable development. Thus, a good transportation system should not only harmonize economic growth with land-use planning and promotion of public transport systems but also conserve resources in environmentally friendly manner [10] . For instance, Oman needs a sustainable transport policy to reduce the traffic volume and reduce other road related problems such as accident and congestion, but the prospect of introduction of efficient metro and inter-city bus services would require effective and efficient road transportation policies and great amount to resource to implement it [6] .
Most MENA countries share similarities in transportation modes, this could be due to similarities in terms of climate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) due to similar natural resources but some countries e.g. United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt has had a tremendous improvement in their road sectors over the years. Table 1 shows a few policies promoting the use of active transportation modes in the MENA region. It has been noticed that national policies regarding the promotion of walking and cycling are nonexistent in Oman and several also in other MENA regions with exception of UAE [11] . Oman is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with less exposure to different mode and services of public, except Muscat ,the capital city where few buses and taxis are available, the situation is even worse in other regions e.g. Kuwait which lacks public transport system for commuters [12] . Limited public transport system in Oman can be attributed to the fact that automobile is increasing in a faster rate than the growth of human population. From 2000 to 2009, Omani population has increased by 2% per annum while automobile fleet in the country has increased by 4.3% [6] with average estimation of about 260 vehicles per 1000 population [9] . Figure 1 indicates a sharp increase in private vehicles registration of about 76% against other types of vehicles in 2014. This rise could be due to improve standard of living and heavily subsidize importation tax and fuel by the government.
Table 1. Promotion of alternative transport in MENA regions.
Figure 1. Distribution of registered vehicles by types in Oman in 2014 [14] .
3. CO2 Emissions in Oman and MENA Regions from Transportation
The transportation sector alone in Arab region (including GCC countries) constituted about 22% of total GHG emissions of which 85% was attributed to urban transportation. In 2005, the total gasoline and diesel oil consumption in road transportation alone excluding low income countries like Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia and western Sahara, reached about 84 million tonnes of oil equivalents, and CO2 emissions reaching about 258.4 million tonnes [15] . Saudi Arabia represent 31% of fuel consumption in road transport, Morocco only 1%, Palestine 0%, Qatar 2% and Oman 2% which equivalent to about 5.2 million tonnes of CO2 emissions in only road as shown in Figure 2.
Table 2 presents CO2 emissions levels by sectors in MENA region in 2005. Transport sector, including road, rail, air, water, freight contributes to about 22% of CO2 in the region while Oman contributes to 13% CO2 in transport sector with road being the major mode of transportation. A study assessed GHG inventories for energy sector in Oman using IPCC reference approach to analyze Oman's fuel supply of crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum refine products and amount of CO2 emitted as due to fuel combustion [16] . However, there is no study on GHG inventories in the road transport sector in Oman with regards to type of fuel used, age of vehicles and mileage, therefore hindering accurate estimation of GHG emissions produced from the road sector.
The current major fuel used for road transportation sector in Oman is either petrol or diesel while compressed natural gas (CNG) and electrically operated technologies are still waiting their ground to be explored. Figure 3 shows sector wise contribution of CO2 emissions in Oman compiled from sources during 2009, this depicts that power, mostly oil and gas sector including refineries contributed to 35% of GHG emissions followed by transport sector of 26% [17] . Within the transport category, road transportation accounts for about 89% of CO2 emissions whiles air transportation accounts for only 11%.
4. Suggested Mitigation Measures in Road Transport in Oman
Mitigation of climate change is designed to provide authoritative, timely infor-
Figure 2. Distribution of fuel consumption in road transport in the Arab countries including Oman, 2009 [7] .
Figure 3. Sector wise CO2 emissions in Oman and categories of transport contribution during 2009 [17] .
mation in all aspects of technologies and socio-economic policies, including cost effective measures to control GHG emissions. However, costly mitigation measures could have adverse effects on economic development. This dilemma facing policy makers results in tension that is manifested in the debate over the scale of the interventions and the balance to be adopted between climate policy and economic development [5] . Sultanate of Oman has experienced rapid urban expansion due to economic growth and economy booming after 1970 [16] .
Currently, when public road transport services are attracting significant attention from policy makers globally as means of reducing GHG emissions, yet these services are low in Oman [12] . Table 3 shows measures adopted by some selected neighboring countries such as Kuwait, Egypt and Jordan (from MENA region) and UNFCC general mitigation measures in reducing GHG emissions in road transport sector. The rational for adapting mitigation measures from these countries was due to similarities in culture. Example, certain countries do not allow women to ride bicycles. Similarities in gross domestic product (GDP), and
Table 2. CO2 emissions in Oman, GCC, MENA and global by sector in 2005 (extracted and modified from source).
per capita income in these countries and will make Sultanate of Oman some flexibility to implement these mitigation measures (Table 3). Institutional capacities and level of human capital stock are common among all these countries especially Kuwait, Jordan and Oman. Integrating these measures will help recommend the suitable short-term and long-term mitigation measures on how Sultanate of Oman can reduce GHG emissions based on their suitability, relevance and Oman's capacity for mitigation in the road sector (Response from a
Table 3. Mitigation measures Adopted by some selected countries and UNFCCC on road transport sector.
focused group discussion carried out for this review).
4.1. Short-Term Mitigation Approach
1) Non-motorized transport, NMT (Walking and cycling): Walking is the most basic urban transport mode for all short-to-medium length travel, cycling also plays a fundamental role in urban transport, especially in low and middle income countries throughout the MENA region. NMT in Cairo, Egypt was estimated to be 32% of all trips in 2001 [11] . Current survey shows that 52% NMT transport modes in Shebin El-Kom and 31% in Faiyum, Egypt and field visits in different cities has higher share in walking and cycling, especially in middle size and smaller cities. The reason behind this high share can be estimated to the relatively short distances travelled to schools, universities and factories as well as cost associated to owning vehicles [22] .
In the Netherlands, with strong policies and cultural commitment, the modal share of trains from home is about 35% to 40% [23] . In the UK where over 60% of people live within a 15 minute bicycle ride of a station, NMT has been increased UK due to convenient, secure bicycle parking stations [24] . However, walking and cycling depends on local weather condition [25] . This is totally different in Oman, the walking and cycling is possible in winter month which spans a quarter of the year. For the rest of the year, it is almost hostile to use this option. A target of one quarter of all trips in the major cities in Australia to be undertaken by walking and cycling, compared to the current average share of around 16%, would contribute about 4.4 Mt of the targeted 36 Mt emissions reduction at 2020 [26] .
2) Reliable public transport (Metro buses ,transit buses): Public transport such as buses are significant from a socially sustainable point of view because it gives higher mobility to people who do not have access to car and also attractive from an economically sustainable perspective [5] . In Jordan, the government is considering the introduction of double-deck buses in Greater Amman and other municipalities to reduce fuel consumption and reduce GHG emissions [20] , Abu Dhabi has enriched its public transport infrastructure with taxis and buses and it is offering free services to four major routes, However, the accessibility of public transport depends on perceptions and attitudes of citizens [12] . While buses are not a clean mode of transport, but once bus occupancy exceeds three people, the CO2 emissions per passenger kilometer are far lower than cars [3] .
Currently the Government of Oman has increased the number of buses in major cities in the country as of mid 2016. Muscat governorate is currently operating about 36 buses with 28 buses on inter-city routes in addition to already existing 400 school buses serving various schools in the country. The Government of Oman is planning to increase this number in order to enhance reduction in traffic congestion, road accidents and CO2 emissions. Though, the patronage of the buses are gradually increasing, the current waiting times for the buses is about 15 - 20 minutes in afternoon and 15 - 30 minutes in the morning and evening when traffic congestion is at the peak level. These waiting times is expected to reduce in future as patronage and number of buses increases and while reducing traffic congestions [27] .
3) Eco-driving: This can be explained as changes in driving practices that reduces fuel consumption and reduces emission of pollutants such as CO2, SO2, NOX, CO in vehicles. Fuel-efficient driving practices, smoother acceleration and deceleration, keeping of engine revolution low, shutting off engine when idling, reducing maximum speeds and maintaining proper tire pressure [5] are eco- driving practices.
This option has the potential for both substantial immediate and long term benefits. Slower speed has the potential to provide extensive savings with some 15% - 20% reduction in CO2 emissions if a maximum speed of limit 80 km/h is introduced on motorways and truck roads. With lower speeds on other roads such as residential roads, effective compliance is likely to impact CO2 reduction [28] . This is lacking in Oman, according to a study conducted in 2012 [6] on causes of road accidents from 2000-2009 shows that 50% of the traffic road accidents was due to high speeding, negligence or careless driving accounts for 29% while 3% is due to overtaking. Incorporating eco-driving skills and practices in driving schools and as a requirement for issuing driving licenses will help inculcates eco-driving skills that will contribute to GHG emissions.
4) Increasing urban car occupancy rate: According to European Environment Agency [29] , vehicle occupancy rates can be used to explain changes in levels of vehicles ownership and to illustrate changes in the efficiency of mass passenger transport. Efficient usage of passenger vehicles results in the need for less vehicle-kilometer to transport the same number of passengers. Utilization efficien- cy is one of the main parameters that determine energy and emissions efficiency.
Increasing occupancy rates are the real opportunity to cut emissions provided this is achieved by lowering the number of cars on the road. This is a major focus of policy attention, with appropriate incentives. Government, institution, private companies, families and social groups should promote campaign among themselves and the general public on car shares as means of raising awareness of GHG reduction while reducing congestions and travel cost [26] .
5) Taxation and pricing of fuel: Fuel tax encourages consumers to buy more energy efficient vehicles, tend to leads to fewer vehicles being bought, less traffic and more energy efficient driving behavior. Unlike the users of gasoline cars, the users of diesel cars and trucks may not pay the full social cost through fuel tax and other users [30] .
This option does not seem to have political support at this time but has an advantage of promoting fuel conservation in many directions, particularly reduced driving and changes in driving behavior including speed in all vehicles [31] . In Oman, in the 2016 oil subsidies were removed by the Government due to the heavy fall in global oil prices, though the tax placed on the fuel was not so adequate to effect significant changes in fuel consumption and rise in decrease in private cars usage. This will still have some reduction GHG emissions as people may be conscious about the rise in fuel cost.
4.2. Long-Term Mitigation Approach
1) Railway (electric and hybrid trains): For long distance journeys and trades, rail is the only viable alternative. Wheels on rails are seen as ecologically aware form of transportation, being four times more efficient than road transportation for passengers and twice as efficient as freight [3] . In Europe and Japan, electricity is a major energy source for rail while diesel is a major source in North America [5] . In Dubai, construction of the US$ 7.6 billion Metro system started in 2006 and piecemeal operation begun in 2009, once construction is completed, it will feature 87 driverless trains running on two lines comprising more than 75 kilometers of track [11] . Sultanate of Oman has long term objectives in developing railway networks within the remote towns to ensure efficient transport of goods and services in future.
2) Alternate fuel (Biofuels): There are many alternative fuels on the market, many of which have lower carbon content than petrol and diesel, and including biofuels (methanol, ethanol, biodiesel). Ethanol and biodiesel are potentially most suitable to use in India. The government of India has already introduced a program of 5% ethanol in petrol [28] . In Brazil, ethanol is used either in its pure replacing gasoline or as a blend with gasoline at a concentration of 20% - 25%. It is estimated that with 10% ethanol-gasoline blending and 20% biodiesel-diesel blending in Southern Africa, a reduction of 2.5 Mt of CO2 and 9.4 Mt of CO2 respectively can be realized annually [5] . Usage of biofuels may not economically feasible in Oman due to lack of arable lands for cultivation of crops for biofuel production as well as the already existing abundant and low cost fossil fuels.
3) Use of electric and hybrid cars and incentives for their usage: Hybrid vehicles provide an intermittent step between the internal combustion engine and electric motor. Energy management is used to optimize the fuel economy of both engines because electric and combustion engines work better under different driving situations [3] .
Hybrid vehicles are currently in mass production with estimated 2006 global sales of 373,000, mainly in Japan and the US, compared with conventional petrol-engine cars, full hybrid can improve fuel efficiency by up to 60%, with higher gains in urban driving [32] . This option can be tried in urban cities of Oman for short journeys which can help to reduce the number of big individual cars in the road. Electric vehicles are driven by electric motors with high efficiency more than 90%. Although, the potential of CO2 reduction strongly depends on the power mix, CO2 emissions can be reduced by more than 50% compared to conventional gasoline [5] .
4) Improvement of traffic management system: Urbanization and urban development are critical factors for CO2 emissions and mitigation; better urban designs have potential to influence energy consumptions and GHG emissions reduction [33] . Muscat, the capital city of Oman has well planned and sophisticated road infrastructure which helps the authorities to have a better traffic management system. However, due to the rebound effect, where efficiency gains are cancelled out by resulting increase in consumption. The ever increasing number of private cars may mask the overall expected benefits of traffic planning and management. In such cities, infrastructure development focused on provision for cars and trucks could accelerate the growth in use of these modes and decline in the use of less energy intensive-modes. Provision of non-moto- rized modes in new infrastructure is an important enabling factor for policies to encourage the use of these modes and to discourage individual car use [30] .
This review investigates the current road transportation sector in Oman and MENA countries as a whole and how it influences GHG emissions and the suggested plausible mitigation measures. Achieving reductions in road transport GHG emissions requires a much broader policy response [26] . Although certain policies can respond quickly to the pressure, in reality it is a slow process and there is a growing expectation on how new technologies can deliver the solution [3] . Introduction of satellite navigation technology in road transport sector in Oman can provide accurate data on annual mileage of vehicles according to vehicle type, type of fuel, age of the car, purpose of the trip and car occupancy. This will help in planning, management and implementation of appropriate po- licies to mitigate GHG emissions from road transportation sector. It may be impossible to respond to the challenges of transport sector GHG emission mitigation by the government alone without much support from changes in the conveyance lifestyle from the general public [30] . Public education and awareness from opinion leaders, private and non-governmental organizations on the impact of road transport on the environment can also contribute to GHG reductions from road transport sector in Oman.
Amoatey, P. and Sulaiman, H. (2017) Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies for Road Transportation in Oman. American Journal of Climate Change, 6, 217-229. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.62011.
[1] Baeza, C. and Sheinbaum-Pardo, C. (2014) Sustainable Passenger Road Transport Scenarios to Reduce Fuel Consumption, Air Pollutants and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) Emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Energy, 66, 624-634.
[2] Thambiran, T. and Diab, R.D. (2011) Air Pollution and Climate Change Co-Benefit Opportunities in the Road Transportation Sector in Durban, South Africa. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 2683-2689.
[3] Chapman, L. (2007) Transport and Climate Change: A Review. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 354-367.
[4] International Energy Agency (IEA) (2009) Transport, Energy and CO2: Moving towards Sustainability. International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris.
[5] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Mitigation of Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
[6] Islam, M.M. and Al Hadhrami, A.Y. (2012) Increased Motorization and Road Traffic Accidents in Oman. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3, 907.
[7] Yousef, A., Eliskandarani, E. and Elsarrag, E. (2014) Approaches to Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Built Environment: Low Carbon Cities. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3, 167-178.
[8] Sookun, A., Boojhawon, R. and Rughooputh, S.D.D.V. (2014) Assessing Greenhouse Gas and Related Air Pollutant Emissions from Road Traffic Counts: A Case Study for Mauritius. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 32, 35-47.
[9] Nakat, E. and Salim, Z. (2015) Institutional and Governance Structure of Oman's Transport Sector: Challenges and Options for Reforms. World Bank, Washington. DC.
[10] Yung, H.S.C., Chang, Y. and Lu, I. (2015) Urban Transportation Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emission Strategies. Applied Energy, 157, 953-973.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.126
[11] El-Geneidy, A., Diab, E., Jacques, C. and Mathez, A. (2013) Sustainable Urban Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa. Global Report on Human Settlements.
[12] Belwal, R. and Belwal, S. (2010) Public Transportation Services in Oman: A Study of Public Perceptions. Journal of Public Transportation, 13, 1.
https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.13.4.1
[13] World Health Organization (2009) Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[14] National Centre for Science Information (2015) Statistical Year Book. National Centre for Statistics and Information, Muscat.
[15] United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (2009) Transport for Sustainable in the Arab Region: Measures, Progress Achieved and Policy Framework. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia.
[16] Abdul-Wahab, S.A., Charabi, Y., Al-Maamari, R., Al-Rawas, G.A., Gastli, A. and Chan, K. (2015) CO2 Greenhouse Emissions in Oman over the Last Forty-Two Years: Review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1702-1712.
[17] Solanki, P.S., et al. (2013) Estimation and Diminution of CO2 Emissions by Clean Development Mechanism Option at Power Sector in Oman. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 4, 641–652.
[18] Zhang, Y. (2008) Opportunities for Mitigating the Environmental Impact of Energy Use in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program. World Bank, Washington DC.
[19] UNFCCC (2012) Kuwait's Initial National Communication. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bern.
[20] Gelil, I.A. (2008) GHG Emissions: Mitigation Efforts in the Arab Countries.
[21] UNFCCC (1997) Jordan's Initial National Communication. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bern.
[22] Al-Bassam, E., Khan, A. and Popov, V. (2009) Management of Air Quality in the Vicinity of Congested Area of Kuwait. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 157, 539-555.
[23] Riettveld, P. (2001) The Position of Non-Motorized Transport Modes in Transport Systems. Hand Book of Transport Systems and Traffic Control.
[24] ECMT (2004) Transport and Spatial Policies: The Role of Regulatory and Fiscal incentive. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.
[25] ECMT (2004) National Policies to Promote Cycling. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.
[26] Stanley, J.K., Hensher, D.A. and Loader, C. (2011) Road Transport and Climate Change: Stepping off the Greenhouse Gas. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 45, 1020-1030.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2009.04.005
[27] Times of Oman (2016) Times of Oman: Oman Transport: Mwasalat Expands Network, More Buses to Sohar, Nizwa.
http://timesofoman.com/article/84799/Oman/Transport/Oman-transport:-Mwasalat-expands-network-more-buses-to-Sohar-Nizwa.
[28] Hickman, R., Ashiru, O. and Banister, D. (2011) Transitions to Low Carbon Transport Futures: Strategic Conversations from London and Delhi. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1553-1562.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.03.013
[29] EEA (2010) Occupancy Rate of Passenger Vehicles. European Environment Agency, Denmark.
[30] Davidson, O. and Michaelis, L. (1996) GHG Mitigation in the Transport Sector. Energy Policy, 24, 969–984.
[31] Small, K.A. (2012) Energy Policies for Passenger Motor Vehicles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46, 874-889.
[32] Moriarty, P. and Honnery, D. (2008) The Prospects for Global Green Car Mobility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 1717-1726.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.10.025
[33] Makido, Y., Dhakal, S. and Yamagata, Y. (2012) Relationship between Urban form and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Fifty Japanese Cities. Urban Climb, 2, 55–67.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2012.10.006
AJCC Subscription
AJCC Most popular papers
AJCC News


During 2012 Climate Change Conference in Doha, Qatar, the United Nations committed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions by at least 18% from 2013 to 2020.
Buildings represent today 40% of total primary energy consumption. We must limit energy consumption to reduce our dependence to fossil fuels. Reduce global life cycle costs of the buildings to spare money.
Reduce unnecessary costs by identifying any excessive usage or operating faults throughout the building and taking corrective action, addressing each area in turn.
Close monitoring in each area of the consumption allows to identify actual need, potential sources of savings and help make the right decisions in terms of energy performance.
The requirements of the thermal building regulations have led to significant improvements in building insulation, with the knock-on effect that less energy is consumed for heating and air conditioning.
Consequently, lighting (26% of consumption, on average) is a primary concern in commercial buildings.
avoids the use of air conditioning currently present in most of new buildings.
Electric light illuminates our homes, streets and towns and controls our professional lives; it would be hard to imagine our daily lives, particularly after work, without it.
Lighting control also plays an important role in modern facility management. Not only to produce ideal living and working conditions but also to achieve the best possible energy balance. At least 80% of total building costs are incurred during planning.


This is the earliest recording of Sharon to date in the WeJoy collection.
The early part of the talk is marginal recording quality but it quickly improves for the remainder.
Later she married K. C. C. of Los Angeles and livied a charmed, rich and full life.
K. C. died sober of cancer inspiring many with his design for living right up to the end.
K. C. C. can be heard here on WeJoy.
Search for Sharon C to here this speaker after she married K. C.


text:
62-year-old in distress airlifted from Diamond Head Trail
Water and Land Rescues
by: Ray Anne Galzote
HONOLULU (KHON2) — The Honolulu Fire Department (HFD) rescued a 62-year-old hiker from the Diamond Head Trail after he had trouble breathing on Saturday, Nov. 13.
HFD said they received the 911 call at 1:18 p.m. when the man became distressed while hiking with a family member. Firefighters arrived at the scene and ascended the trail at around 1:25 p.m.
Firefighters located the man, found he had difficulty breathing and administered medical care. HFD's Air 1 rescue helicopter then airlifted him to a landing zone located at the Diamond Head State Monument Park.
HFD rescue lost female hiking alone for over 2 hours at the Hanauma Bay Ridge Trail
Patient care for the man was transferred to Honolulu EMS at 1:58 p.m., and no other injuries were reported.


A quick and easy guide to spotting trends.
Trading foreign exchange, stocks, options, or futures on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. Before deciding to trade, you should carefully consider your objectives, financial situation, needs and level of experience. Rob Booker provides general advice that does not take into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. The content of this website must not be construed as personal advice. The possibility exists that you could sustain a loss in excess of your deposited funds and therefore, you should not speculate with capital that you cannot afford to lose. You should be aware of all the risks associated with trading on margin. You should seek advice from an independent financial advisor. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future success.


Can I add payment button to the shopping catalog page?
It eases the process of purchase if you try to place a button for the clients. People will decide whether or not buy your products after read the shopping book. If it provides an entrance to purchase pages, you will get more orders. Why not use this convenience in order to improve the sales? Flip ShoppingBook Maker builds a plenty of buttons in itself for you choose. They regard to PayPal, Hot ITEM, SALE, etc.
2 Click on the icon of Add Button From Resources.
3 Click one to select in the window ultimate right, and then hover the mouse on any part of shopping flip page and click.


text:
La scuola dell'odio (Pressure Point) è un film del 1962 di Hubert Cornfield. È tratto dal racconto Destiny's Tot scritto da Robert Mitchell Lindner nel 1955.

Trama

Uno psichiatra militare nero ha in cura un paziente antisemita, razzista e simpatizzante per il nazismo.

Collegamenti esterni

Film basati su opere di narrativa
Film drammatici
Film sul razzismo
Film sul nazismo


text:
Associations News
AEM recognizes long-time members
By Association of Equipment Manufacturers
Jan. 2, 2013 - The Association of Equipment Manufacturers recognizes four companies who have achieved "milestone member" status in 2012, a designation that highlights their industry support through longtime and continuous participation in the association. AEM is privileged to have more than 100 member companies who have been continuously active in the association for 25 years up to 100-plus years, dating back to AEM's founding in 1894.
Nov. 27, 2012 — The Association of Equipment
Manufacturers recognizes
four companies who have achieved "milestone member" status in 2012, a
designation that highlights their industry support through longtime and
continuous participation in the association.
AEM is
privileged to have more than 100 member companies who have been continuously
active in the association for 25 years up to 100-plus years, dating back to AEM's founding in 1894.
Gorman-Rupp was recognized for being a 75-year AEM member.
Three companies achieved 25-year-member status in 2012: Husco International in Waukesha, Wis., Leon's Manufacturing in Yorkton, Sask. and Master Craft in Tifton, Ga.
"AEM's strength is a direct
result of the dedication and participation of our member companies in
association activities. Their continuing support helps AEM advance the interests of
the off-road equipment industry at state, national, provincial and international
levels," noted AEM membership director, Paul Malek.
www.aem.org
AEM honours 'Milestone Members' for longtime industry service
AEM announces winners of annual Pillar of the Industry awards
AEM recognizes "Statistics Outstanding Merit Award" winners
AEM elects two new directors
AEM elects 2013 officers
Friday deadline for CRA award nominations


Request a quote for your transfer!
Taxi Cagliari, you can enjoy the best local transport service relying on the quality and reliability of the leader in the mobility sector:The Radio Taxi service at an affordable cost is no longer a utopia. We take care not only of you but also of your bags, that will be safe from bumps or anything that may damage them.
For years, our job is to make people travel in comfort and always with a low cost. All of our cars come with municipal licenses that authorize the transit in the center ZTL zones preferential lanes. Our rental service with driver is continuously 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, with a fixed price established before the service and cheaper than a taxi.We travel throughout the island and not only in the Cagliari province,From July 2nd the roads inside the airport were further improved thanks to the new car parks which allows the cars to stop and an improved use of the taxi and transport services.In the area closest to the arrivals the number of parking areas was increased (parking terminal).The links from Cagliari to the Cagliari-Elmas Airport have become more practical thanks to us, with virtually no waiting time.At this point, you just have to take advantage of the service provided by Taxi Cagliari, call now and book it!


text:
HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1970s → 1977 → February 1977 → 8 February 1977 → Commons Sitting → SOCIAL SERVICES
Means-tested Benefits
HC Deb 08 February 1977 vol 925 cc1215-7 1215
§ 10. Mr. Clemitson
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what is his estimate of the total amount of means-tested benefits for which people were eligible but which were unclaimed in the last year for which such an estimate is available.
§ Mr. Orme
Estimates in this field are necessarily uncertain. For family income supplement and free welfare milk, it is estimated that unclaimed benefits amount to about £1 million and £12 million respectively. For supplementary benefit the amount is clearly much larger, but no reliable figures are available and the subject is being studied further in con 1216 nection with the review of the Supplementary Benefits Scheme that my right hon. Friend announced last September when the annual report of the Supplementary Benefits Commission for 1975 was published. The report suggested that the 1974 take-up rate, in terms of numbers of persons eligible for benefit, had been of the order of 75 per cent., but this does not provide an adequate indication of the amount of unclaimed benefit.
§ Mr. Clemitson
I thank my right hon. Friend for that very full answer. Does he not agree that it would be better if certain persons in the media, and, indeed, some Opposition Members, spent more time ensuring that people in need were getting the benefits to which they were entitled instead of spending their time making often wildly inaccurate statements about alleged abuses of social security?
I thank my hon. Friend for his comments. The take-up of benefits is an indication that many people are not rushing to take every benefit offered by the State. Indeed, we are concerned that many people who are entitled—this relates particularly to elderly people—are being deterred from taking the benefits to which they are entitled because of the campaign throughout the country. I urge those who have a genuine claim for benefit to come forward and claim it.
§ Mr. Evelyn King
On the other side of the matter, has not the right hon. Gentleman noted the statistics issued by his Department in regard to the county of Dorset—namely, that the amount of detected frauds in social security matters has multiplied threefold in 12 months? Is that statistic equally reflected in other parts of the country, how much cash is involved, and would not that cash be better spent in assisting deserving people?
The figures given by the hon. Gentleman show that the Government do not intend to allow people to defraud the system. A greater number of prosecutions has taken place, and we shall continue to prosecute people who indulge in fraud. In taking that course, we must not deter the many millions of people who are genuinely entitled to benefit. My Department pays out about £10,000 million a year in benefit, and 1217 last year the amount of which the Department was defrauded amounted to £1.6 million.
§ Mr. Kilroy-Silk
The figures given by my right hon. Friend show that large numbers of vulnerable people still do not receive their full entitlement. What steps is he taking to ensure that those people are living at the standard to which they are entitled? Will he redouble his efforts to ensure that they receive full entitlement?
The Government are using the publicity machine, are issuing leaflets and are advertising to ensure that people take up the benefits to which they are entitled. Furthermore, the Supplementary Benefits Commission is examining the matter in great depth.
§ Mr. Michael Latham
Will the right hon. Gentleman pay particular attention to the extreme complexity of many benefits and the great difficulty faced by those who wish to understand to what benefits they are entitled?
Yes, I shall do what the hon. Gentleman requests of me, but he will note that we are constantly enjoined to implement and extend mobility allowance and invalidity benefit. If we are to extend those benefits to those who need them, obviously it is a complex exercise.
Back to Vaccine-damaged Children
Forward to Benefits and Wages


text:
PDH & CE Courses
Establishment of Calibration Baselines
1. The NOS is abbreviated as ____________________________.
National Ocean Service
National Ocean Survey
2. EDMI is abbreviated as ______________________.
Electronic distance measuring instruments
Electronic displacement measuring instruments
3. A Standard calibration baseline comprises of ________ monuments.
4. NGS plans to periodically re-measure a number of selected baselines to test the long-term stability of the monumentation or to re-establish the baselines as necessary.
5. The standard baseline comprises of ________ monuments set in a straight line with a total length of about ______________.
Two 1400 mt
Three 1400 mt
Four 1400 mt
6. Invar is a _______________ alloy developed in France.
Steel-nickel
Aluminum-nickel
7. What is the unique property of the steel-nickel alloy?
Its coefficient of thermal expansion is about 1/125 that of pure steel
Its coefficient of thermal expansion is about 1/25 that of pure steel.
8. It is required to set the intermediate and terminal monuments within a few centimeters of the suggestd distance.
9. The need for an intermediate monument about 400 o 430m from a terminal has resulted from the introduction of EDMI with ranges limited to 500m.
10. Most EDMI are designed such that the basic yard stick for the instrument is 30 or 40m.
11. For the site selection of a calibration baseline, the location should be easy to reach with minimum restrictions and safe for general public use.
12. The ideal choice for a site would have a gradual downward slope from the 0 m monument to the middle of the line, then a gradual upward slope to the terminal point with the ends of the line at about the same elevation.
13. The important consideration here to 100 ft tape calibration station is that the ground over the tape measurements are to be made is reasonably level and always exceeds a 2 − percent grade.
14. A range should be established within 0.4 km (0.25 miles) of high voltage ( greater than 4Kv) transmission lines, microwave towers, radio masts, or radar facilities.
15. Monuments cannot protrude slightly above the ground or be set below ground level, depending on specific circumstances.
16. In concrete monuments, the hole is dug to a depth of _____ to ______ with either a square or circular cross section and about 0.36m or more in diameter.
0.1m to 1.5m
17. The top form of a concrete monument can be in the shape of a _______________.
18. A __________ may be used as a top form for concrete monuments.
Paper cement
19. In a rock outcrop, the rock in which a mark is set should be hard and part of the main ledge, not a detached frame.
20. The main considerations in making the concrete are _________.
Clean materials
Mixture isn't too wet
Tamp well into the form
21. The formula for computing the vertical sag is _______________________.
Sag = y =ws²/8t
Sag = y =ws/8t
22. One of the primary purposes for the use of a calibration baseline is to test the user's ability to set up and plumb their own instruments.
23. Elevation differences between monuments will not be obtained using double run and third run procedures.
24. The 150 m section will be measured with 50 m standardized Invar tapes using ______________ taped base line procedures except for the following changes that the copper strip and scribe will not be used.
Second order
25. The 30.48-m section will be measured with a _____________ standardized Invar tapes to a temporary scribe on the 30.48 mark.
DiscountPDH.com
DiscountPDH provides the best and highest quality online engineering continuing education to PE Engineers. We also provide continuing education to other professionals such as Land Surveyors, Architects, Contractors, Geologists and Landscape Architects.
We also serve live PDH webinars and live PDH seminars. They are also accepted for PE Professional Engineering license renewal with the State Board of professional Engineers. Our PDH Courses are accepted in almost every state. These states are Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Online PDH or CE Courses
ALL PDH or CE Courses
Large PDH or CE courses
ADA Accessible Design Courses
PE Civil Engineers
PE Structural Engineers
PE Mechanical Engineers
PE Environmental Engineers
PE Electrical Engineers
PE Chemical & Oil & Gas Engineers
PE Ohio Engineers
PE Nebraska Engineers & Architects
PE Illinois Engineers
CE Contractors
LEED – Green Building
Safety and Failure Analysis
Home and Building Inspectors
Ethics & Law
DVD & CD Courses
Failure & Damage Analysis, Inc.
2500 Tanglewilde, Suite 220
(Office is open M-F 8am-5pm Central)
Email: fdapdh@gmail.com
© 2018 FDA INC· All Rights Reserved
Developed by Cogentsoft Solutions


There were many classic films during the Eighties and while most years have a couple of stand outs, there was one that was filled with iconic movies that are still revered today.
During 1984 Dune, Romancing the Stone, Nineteen Eighty-Four and the brilliant, This is Spinal Tap were released but here are ten films that went on to define the decade.
I expect there is a great number among you that only think of one word when you hear 'Who you gonna call?' but it could've been so different if writers Dan Ackroyd and Harold Ramis had got their initial wishes.
Written for John Belushi, John Candy and Eddie Murphy, it had to be re-started from scratch when Belushi died and the others declined. Bill Murray and Sigourney Weaver came on board and the tale of paranormal investigators became the classic that we know today, making viewers think twice about opening the fridge door in case a gateway to Gozer lurked behind the butter dish.
Back in the eighties, before Kevin Bacon tried to sell us a mobile network, he was shaking up a sleepy backwater where dance and rock music had been banned, eventually changing the heart of the officious Reverend that lorded over the town.
Despite a critical panning at the time, mainly due to the clamour for Tom Cruise to be the lead after he danced in his underwear for 'Risky Business', it still went on to be one of the biggest grossing films of the year.
As I battle with the washing machine and grapple with the microwave, I can see why we're only fifteen years away from the war against the machines.
In 2029 a 'terminator' is dispatched back to ensure that Linda Hamilton doesn't give birth to their enemy. Arnold Schwarzenegger is the indestructible cyborg looking to cause carnage and mayhem in this seminal sci-fi movie.
Painting fences and washing cars took on a different dimension after Mr Miyagi (Pat Morita) used them as a technique to train Daniel (Ralph Macchio) and turn him into the hero of the film's title.
Of course, this wasn't just an excuse to get some jobs done around the house; it was so that Daniel could take on his bullies in a karate tournament.
In playgrounds across the country, boys performed 'the crane' on each other, meaning that the Tooth Fairy had a busy time after feet and mouths become acquainted.
Who didn't want to own the cute and cuddly mogwai, Gizmo? With only three important rules to follow, what could possibly go wrong?
Filming for Beverly Hills Cop was about to start with Sylvester Stallone as Axel Foley, when he pulled out at the eleventh hour after feeling that the script wasn't 'hard edged' enough.
Eddie Murphy was given a chance to be the street-wise Detroit cop investigating the murder of his best friend and the film has been voted one of the ten best comedies of the past 30 years.
Title tune 'Axel F' by Harold Faltermeyer had people playing air synthesisers everywhere.
This adaptation of a German fantasy novel infuriated the author, Michael Ende, to such a point that he tried to sue the production company as the storyline had become so far removed from his original.
His court action to stop the making of the film or to have the name changed failed and before he knew it, Limahl was Number One in the charts across the globe with the title song.
At the time it was the most expensive movie ever to be made outside the United States but those flying shaggy white dog creatures do not come cheap.
There was a time when a film might have a sequel but it was very rare that it would venture beyond that. That was before Police Academy.
At the beginning though it was all great fun and a little ruder than some remember, making Steve Guttenberg (who played the main protagonist Cadet Mahoney) the 'go to' guy for comedy roles for the next couple of years.
Wes Craven's 'slasher' movie was the inspiration for much of the horror genre that followed, making Freddy Krueger a household name and launching the career of Johnny Depp, who had gone along to the audition as morale support for his friend.
This sequel created controversy about the level of violence that was in it (the heart removal scene sort of springs to mind). Along with Ghostbusters, the new rating PG-13 was created to appease the public but it didn't stop Temple of Doom' having the highest opening weekend of 1984.


The world is filled with lists. Collections of words to remind us what we need to pick up on our next shopping trip. Bullet points of an agenda or presentation. Bucket lists of things we want to do before we die. The Bible has its share of lists as well. The Beatitudes are a kind of list. So is Paul's description of the nine fruit of the Spirit. Lists help us break down the complex into easier to remember bite-sized chunks or remind us of the details contained in a whole. Our next step in our walk through 2nd Peter also presents a list.
Peter's list is unique in comparison to Paul's many lists in that it is closer to a recipe. Take the ingredients, put them together in this way, and something wonderful happens. We begin with faith, to faith we add moral excellence or goodness, to that we add knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, brotherly kindness (literally brotherly love), and God's kind of love (agape). The order of Peter's list is vital.
We begin with faith but blind faith devoid of goodness leads to some very damaging places. Consider the faith that gang members put into their leaders. So, goodness is required to bind our faith to everything that follows. Faith and goodness need knowledge to give them direction and purpose. The amalgam of faith, goodness, and knowledge, driven as it is, is tempered with self-control to improve its aim. Perseverance, the element of time, is added as a preservative to see these things through. Godliness puts these all into practice through the compassion of human kindness and self-sacrificial love that unmistakably flavors the whole.
Peter continues, "For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they render you neither useless nor unfruitful in the true knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ." (2 Peter 1:8, NASB95) We want that. We want our walk, our life with Jesus, to be useful and fruitful. Peter offered two qualifiers. That we have all the qualities he listed operating at some level in our lives. But also notice that the other qualifier is that the qualities are also increasing. It's that increasing part that often gets us into trouble.
We marvel at the musician that plays movingly and brilliantly. We celebrate the athlete that wins the race or makes a game-changing play. We lift up the leader who says just the right thing at just the right time. What we see are the final results. What we don't see are the hours upon hours of practicing scales, lifting weights, or speaking into a mirror. We don't see the practice, we only see the fruit of those labors.
Peter wrote, "Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble; for in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be abundantly supplied to you." (2 Peter 1:10-11, NASB95) Faith, goodness, knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, brotherly love, and agape love all require diligent practice. We may fail, miss the mark in some way. We may miss an opportunity or not take it as far as possible. If we're growing in Jesus, the way we address a situation today will be different than five years ago. Simply because we've grown through practice.
So, what does Peter mean by "for in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be abundantly supplied to you." Other scriptures are clear that salvation is by grace through faith. Doing these things don't buy salvation. But they do open up the doors to the kingdom. As I understand the Bible, God's kingdom is already but not yet. We enter into aspects of it now, but there will come a day when God's reign and rule are fully realized. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. What's the will of God? To grow faith, goodness, knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, brotherly compassion and agape love. As we grow in these the kingdom of God is more fully realized in our lives and in our world.
So where do you need to grow? Which ones challenge you the most? I think the hardest for me is self-control and brotherly compassion. But what about you?


text:
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz is the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, a position she has held since 2014. An indigenous leader hailing from the Kankanaey Igorot community in the Philippines' Cordillera region, she has been fighting for the rights of Indigenous Peoples and rural women since the 1970s, when she helped build an indigenous movement that successfully stopped major dam and logging projects in the Cordillera region.
Since then, Tauli-Corpuz has founded and managed several civil society organizations dedicated to the advancement of indigenous and women's rights, including the Tebtebba Foundation, of which she serves as founder and executive director. In addition to her duties as UN Special Rapporteur, Tauli-Corpuz also serves as an expert for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, an adviser for the Third World Network, and a member of the United Nations Development Programme Civil Society Organizations Advisory Committee.
In March 2018, Tauli-Corpuz was placed on a list of "terrorists" by the Philippine government, alongside hundreds of other indigenous and human rights defenders, as retaliation for speaking up against the Duterte administration's human rights violations. She remains in exile from her native Philippines, and continues to fight for Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and women around the world.
The Problem of Overlap: The Panamanian government stalls on indigenous land titling on protected areas
by Christine Halvorson
Rainforest Foundation US
In Oslo:
Wanda Bautista
wbautista@burness.com
+1 301 280 5760 (office)
+1 302 233 5438 (cell)
Jamie Kalliongis
jkalliongis@rightsandresources.org
Read about the authors of the brief here.
Cornered by Protected Areas: Replacing 'Fortress' Conservation with Rights-based Approaches Helps Bring Justice for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, Reduces Conflict, and Enables Cost-effective Conservation and Climate Action
THE WORLD AT A GLANCE
Violations of Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Steps Toward Reform in 27 Countries
Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Conservation: Recent Developments in Human Rights Jurisprudence
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, United Nations General Assembly, Seventy-first session
Additional Research and Resources
Mai-Ndombe: Will the REDD+ Laboratory Benefit Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities? (Rights and Resources Initiative, 2018)
Uncertainty and Opportunity: The Status of Forest Carbon Rights and Governance Frameworks in Over Half of the World's Tropical Forests (Rights and Resources Initiative, 2018)
Securing Community Land Rights: Priorities & Opportunities to Advance Climate & Sustainable Development Goals (Rights and Resources Initiative, 2017)
Toward a Global Baseline of Carbon Storage in Collective Lands (Rights and Resources Initiative, Woods Hole Research Center, and World Resources Initiative, 2016)
© 2018 by the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), a global coalition of 15 Partners, 7 Affiliated Networks, 14 International Fellows, and more than 150 collaborating international, regional, and community organizations dedicated to advancing the forestland and resource rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. The views presented on this site are not necessarily shared by the agencies that have generously supported this work, nor by all the Partners and Affiliated Networks of the Coalition. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.


text:
life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln"s constant ally
life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln"s constant ally together with four of his great orations by Harry C. Blair
Published 1960 in [Portland, Or.] .
Baker, Edward Dickinson, 1811-1861
Statement by Harry C. Blair and Rebecca Tarshis.
Contributions Tarshis, Rebecca, joint author., Oregon Historical Society, Portland.
LC Classifications E467.1.B16 B55
Pagination xiii, 233 p.
Download life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln"s constant ally
The Life of Edward D. Baker: Lincoln's Constant Ally [Blair, Harry C., Tarshis, Rebecca, Vaughan, Thomas] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Life of Edward D. Baker: Lincoln's Constant AllyAuthor: Harry C. Blair, Rebecca Tarshis. Footnotes. Milton Henry Shutes, Lincoln and California, p Robert S. Harper, Lincoln and the Press, p Allen Thorndike Rice, editor, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time, pp. Harry C. Blair and Rebecca Tarshis, Colonel Edward D. Baker: Lincoln's Constant Ally, p. Michael Burlingame, editor, At Lincoln's Side: John Hay's Civil . Edward Baker Lincoln (Ma – February 1, ) was the second son of Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd was named after Lincoln's friend Edward Dickinson National Park Service uses "Eddie" as a nickname and the name is also on his : Ma , Springfield, Illinois, U.S. The Life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln's Constant Ally, Together with Four of His Great Orations. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, Braden, Gayle Anderson.
Chris Brewer, great-great-grandson of Colonel Thomas Baker, talks about the life of the Colonel, the family's legacy in Bakersfield and how the city selected its name. Edward Baker Lincoln (–), Abraham and Mary Lincoln's second son, was never a healthy child. He had been ill throughout much of his father's term in Congress, and though he periodically showed signs of improvement, he was probably suffering from a chronic illness. The three year old's last days began the day before his mother's thirty-first by: 1. Selected Bibliography - A. Lincoln: A Biography - by Ronald C. White Jr. Books Read and Share "Early Lincolns in Pennsylvania." Lincoln Herald (February ): 18– The Life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln's Constant Ally, Together with Four of His Great Orations. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, Stanton 's trusted second-hand, Colonel Lafayette Baker came down from New York to assist with the investigation into the president's assassination. He rubbed many other manhunters the wrong way with his egotistical and sneaky behavior. He sent his cousin Luther Byron Baker an important tip leading to Booth and Herold 's eventual capture. He received $3, in reward money and .
The Colonel Introduction. When Carolyn Forché was in El Salvador in , the military wondered if she was an intelligence operative for the U.S. government. She wasn't, but what she was doing with her intelligence was maybe even more dangerous. She was gathering material for her poems, like "The Colonel." This prose poem (a poem written in block form) tells it like it is. Baker, two years younger Harry C. Blair and Rebecca Tarshis, The Life of Colonel Edward D. Baker, Lincoln's Constant Ally, Together with Four of His Great Orations (Portland: Oregon Historical Society, ); and Winfred Ernest Garrison, Religion Follows the Frontier: A History of the Disciples of Christ (New York: Harper and Brothers, ). The Lincoln Assassination - The Rewards Files. William C. Edwards. William Edwards This book contains the edited transcripts of all applicants. They are found on the National Archives File M Reels (a transcription of reels 1 -7 of NARA M, with Edward Steers jr.. He also produced "The Lincoln Assassination -The Trial 5/5(1). Lincoln and His Generals is more of a biography of Lincoln and his Generals than it is a history book. The bios are limited to the war, but it reads more like a biography, so that it is not simply facts and dates, but has some personal interest/5.
Technologies for E-Services
Earnings of graduates in their early careers
One day in November
Unity and diversity in the church