text:
Report on the Seventeenth Annual Meeting
Report on the Seventeeth Annual Meeting
Jewish-Catholic Theological Exchange at Providence College
Sunday, November 4 - Monday, November 5, 2018
The Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Council of Centers on Jewish-Christian Relations was hosted by the Jewish-Catholic Theological Exchange at Providence College on Sunday, November 4 and Monday, November 5, 2018. The schedule for the meeting was as follows:
Kevin Spicer, C.S.C., CCJR Chair, called the meeting to order and welcomed everyone to Providence College, thanking Arthur Urbano for the college's hospitality.
CCJR Panel I: "Righting Relations after the Holocaust and Vatican II: Essays in Honor of John Pawlikowski"
The panel consisted of the editors and some contributors to this Festschrift, published in August 2018 to honor John Pawlikowski (the CCJR's 2012 Shevet Achim honoree).
Robert A. Cathey, co-editor [McCormick Theological Seminary]
Elena G. Procario-Foley, co-editor [Iona College]
Victoria Barnett [U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum] (in absentia her remarks were read by Elena G. Procario-Foley.)
Yehezkel Landau [Landau Interfaith Training/Consulting]
Peter A. Pettit [Muhlenberg College]
Public Keynote: "The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara: The Continuing Controversy"
David Kertzer [Brown University]
Respondents:
Holly Taylor Coolman [Providence College]
Matthew Tapie [Saint Leo University]
Moderator: Arthur Urbano [Providence College]
6:00-6:45 Public Reception
7:00-8:30 CCJR Awards Dinner
(Dinner courtesy of the Office of Mission and Ministry, Providence College)
Ruth Langer, Celia Deutsch, keynoter David Kertzer, honoree Abraham Skorka, chair Kevin Spicer, Philip Cunningham, host Arthur Urbano
Shevet Achim honoree: Rabbi Dr. Abraham Skorka
[Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano Marshall T. Meyer, rector emeritus]
Tributes by:
Burton Visotzky [Jewish Theological Seminary] (Text read by Ruth Langer.)
Philip Cunningham [Saint Joseph's University]
Celia Deutsch [Barnard College]
(CCJR Board of Directors Meeting at 7:30 over breakfast)
Monday's panels marked the 70th anniversary of the State of Israel.
9:00-10:15:
CCJR Panel II: "The Land/State of Israel in Jewish Theology"
For centuries, Jewish hopes for a return to their biblical homeland were framed in messianic or eschatological categories. The 1948 establishment of the State of Israel and the 1967 extension of Israeli control over biblical Judea and Samaria, therefore, raised many theological questions for Jews that this panel explored.
Ruth Langer [Boston College]
Yehezkel Landau [Israeli-American interfaith scholar/educator]
Moderator: Ron Simkins [Creighton University]
CCJR Annual Business Meeting
Welcome and Call to Order (Kevin Spicer, chair)
Roll Call of Member Organizations
Regular members represented: Boston College, Catholic Theological Union, College of the Holy Cross, Creighton University, Florida Atlantic University, Gratz College, Hebrew College, Iona College, Merrimack College, Mobile Christian-Jewish Dialogue, Muhlenberg College, Providence College, Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology, Saint Joseph's University, Saint Leo University, Siena College, Sisters of Sion, Stonehill College, Tanenbaum Center, Xavier University. Quorum achieved.
Nominations Report (Kevin Spicer, chair)
Speaking for the Board, the Chair nominated for Vice-Chair Adam Gregerman until 2021 (succeeding Ron Simkins) and as an At-large Member Victoria Barnett until 2021 (succeeding Heather Miller Rubens).
Election of open Board of Directors seats
There being no additional nominations from the floor, the proposed nominees were elected unanimously.
2019 meeting: Location and date.
Several member centers or institutes invited the Council to be hosted by them at its 2019 meeting. These included Florida Atlantic University, Gratz College, Iona College, and Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology. The Board will work out the possibilities with these institutions and thanks them for their invitations.
New Member Applications: none
Amendment to the bylaws:
In response to inquiries it has received about its understanding of interreligious dialogue, the Board proposed an amendment to the Council's bylaws. After some discussion a motion was made and seconded to add the italicized sentence to the third bullet point under Bylaw 2:
"Purposes" – To foster mutual understanding between Christians and Jews through dialogue that respects Judaism and Christianity in their religious distinctiveness and integrity. Our members are committed to interreligious dialogue the purpose of which is neither to to undermone or to change the religious identity of the other, but rather seeks to be enriched by each other's religious lives and traditions.
The proposed amendment was approved unanimously.
ICCJ Report (Phil Cunningham, Immediate Past President)
The International Council of Christians and Jews held a very successful annual conference in Hungary from June 24-27, 2018. The theme was "Towards Reconciliation in a Broken World. Jewish and Christian Contributions to Responsible Citzizenship." A number of Council members participated and reported they found the interaction among people from many different nations to be quite valuable. They encouraged other CCJR members to attend in the future.
Celia Deutsch reported that she and Deborah Weissman are preparing a new educational curriculum on the ICCJ's 2009 "Twelve Points of Berlin" statement.
Phil Cunningham reported that the ICCJ's research project, "Promise, Land, and Hope" has been completed and a book manuscript has been accepted for publication by Paulist Press' Stimulus Series under the title: Enabling Dialogue about the Land: A Resource Book for Jews and Christians. It is edited by Ruth Langer, Jesper Svartvik, and Phil who also have contributed articles to the book, with several CCJR members also making contributions to it: Mehnaz Afridi, Adam Gregerman, John Pawlikowski, and Peter Pettit. It will hopefully be published in a year or so.
The 2019 ICCJ conference will be held in Lund, Sweden from Sunday, June 30 - Wednesday, July 3, 2019. The working theme is: "Transformations Within and Between: How Does Our New Relationship Affect Christian and Jewish Self-Understandings?" Further details are forthcoming.
SCJR Report (Camille Markey, SCJR Managing Editor)
Camille distributed a report on the publication of the Council's journal, Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations. It was prepared by herself, co-editors Ruth Langer and Kevin Spicer, and reviews editor Adam Gregerman.
Contents of the Current Volume, Vol. 13 (2018) to date are three peer-reviewed articles and eleven book reviews, with four potential peer-reviewed articles and seventeen books currently undrer review.
The final contents of Vol. 12 (2017) were ten peer-reviewed articles and twenty-five reviews.
The journal's publication rate over the past twelve months for peer-reviewed submissions is 25% published, 38% were rejected by the editors, and 37% were rejected after peer review.
The managing editor's report was received unanimously and the membership thanked all the editors for their hard work.
Treasurer's Report (Phil Cunningham)
The report for September 11, 2017 to October 31, 2018 was distributed and discussed, together with the proposed budget for 2018-2019. (Both are available to voting members upon request.) The treasurer noted that there were a lot of unusual expenses in the past year because of the upgrading of the content management software for the Council's website. This included the need to rent server space for two sites while the transition was underway. It was noted that meeting these costs was assisted by the raising of the minimum annual dues for regular and liaison members from $250 to $300. Even so, the projection for next year's budget includes an overall deficit, which might suggest a further dues increase in the future. Both the report and the proposed budget were unanimusly approved.
Chair's Report (Kevin Spicer)
Kevin Spicer reported in detail on his extremely positive experiences of the ICCJ meeting in Budapest, Hungary. He also noted that he had worked with legal counsel and a professor of accounting at Stonehill College for the CCJR to obtain charitable organization status as a 401(c)3 organization in Massachusetts. In addition, he discussed the CCJR board's investigation into corporate insurance for the CCJR.
Old Business: None.
Phil Cunningham reported on a discussion the Board recently had regarding the possibility of adding an additional day to CCJR conferences for a scholarly "think tank" in which participants could share and receive feedback on works in progress. The idea was precipitated by the financial difficulties being experienced by the Christian Scholars Group on Christian-Jewish Relations, which may result in its dissolution. The CSG was founded in 1969 as the Israel Study Group and has continued since then with rotating members and under varying sponsorships. It composed the important 2002 statement "A Sacred Obligation: Rethinking Christian Faith in Relation to Judaism and the Jewish People" (complementing Dabru Emet) and the follow-up volume edited by Mary C. Boys, Seeing Judaism Anew: Christianity's Sacred Obligation. The idea being suggested is not to absorb or sponsor the CSG, but to establish the possiblity for a similar, ongoing endeavor for members (including individual members) of the CCJR, which would naturally include both Christian and Jewish scholars. Current CSG members would be invited to join the CCJR. The Chair asked for a "sense of the body" as to whether the Board should explore the possibilities further. There was unanimous consent.
Adjournment: The Chair adjourned the meeting at 11:50 a.m.
12:00-1:00 Lunch (The SCJR advisory board met over lunch.)
CCJR Panel III: "The Land/State of Israel in Christian Theology"
Supersessionist Christians claimed that any covenantal link between the People and the Land of Israel had been severed after the coming of Christ. Post-Shoah efforts to affirm Jewish covenantal life and the foundation of the State of Israel pose complex challenges for Christian theology. The panelists offered some theological approaches.
Philip A. Cunningham [Saint Joseph's University]
Moderator: Ruth Sandberg [Gratz College]
CCJR Panel IV: "The Land/State of Israel in Christian-Jewish Dialogue"
This panel considered interreligious aspects of the theological questions discussed in the earlier two panels.
Adam Gregerman [Saint Joseph's University] – "Christian statements on Israel"
Emma O'Donnell Polyakov [Merrimack College] – "Identity and the Idea of the Holy Land among Christians in Israel-Palestine."
Abraham Skorka [Saint Joseph's University] – "What Jews need to say to Christians"
Moderator: Kevin Spicer [Stonehill College]
4: 30 Summation and Adjournment: Kevin Spicer, Chair


WEST HAM could pull the plug on a move for Jonathan Calleri after he was named in Argentina's Olympic squad.
The Hammers were pursuing a loan move for the striker, who is currently starring for Brazilian club Sao Paulo.
But Calleri's call-up for the Rio Olympics has complicated matters because he would not be available for the start of next season.
Argentina are tipped to do well in the competition, which does not end until August 20, a week after the Premier League kicks off.
It means Calleri would have no pre-season and no chance to get acquainted with his new team-mates were he to move.
Hammers forward Manuel Lanzini has also been named in Gerardo Martino's 23-man squad for the tournament.
Martino must trim his squad to 18 by July 14 but it is understood both Lanzini and Calleri are not in danger of being axed.
Tottenham have also been linked with Calleri, whose father recently claimed a verbal agreement was in place with Spurs.
But it is understood the White Hart Lane club are currently pursuing other targets, including Marseille's Michy Batshuayi.
The Hammers have also shown interest in Batshuayi but he would prefer a move to Spurs, who have been scouting him for months.


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On Your Bike
What I learned while riding an indoor cycling trainer
Rail lines, tram tracks and the risks to cyclists
Five contentious things people say about cycling
Why riding two abreast can be good for cyclists - and drivers
Cycling and erectile dysfunction: new study's interesting comparison
Why we should support the roll-out of share bike schemes
'Middle-aged men cycling in packs' go under the microscope
The push to legalise adult footpath cycling across Australia
'Fastest-growing': why Australians are buying this type of bike
'It causes such angst': Reviewing cycling's most contentious issue
Six things I missed most when I had to stop cycling
Five cycling rules all road users should know
The anti-cycling Facebook post that ended up as evidence in court
What does 'parked' mean for cyclists?
Car and bike collisions: who is at fault?
How to have a holiday with benefits
Bicycle Network reviews its policy on mandatory helmet laws
"Evidence to support both sides": Bicycle Network's Craig Richards. Photo: Eddie Jim
Cycling might be a generally controversial subject in Australia, but there is one particular topic that can generate strenuous disagreement among avid cyclists and non-riders alike.
Mandatory helmet laws for cyclists.
Brought in more than a quarter-century ago, the laws have long fuelled arguments: yes, helmets prevent injuries, but how many people are discouraged from cycling by making them compulsory? What is the net effect of the laws on population health?
It's the topic that generates strenuous disagreement among avid cyclists and non-riders alike.
As Craig Richards, CEO of Bicycle Network, puts it: "What I hate most about the mandatory helmet debate is that it's hard to have the debate."
Nevertheless, Australia's largest cycling organisation, with 50,000 members, is grasping the nettle. This month it launched a policy review process that may result in it changing its historical support for the laws.
So why take on the challenge?
Richards told me: "I believe it's our responsibility as an organisation that represents bike riders, and whose purpose is to get more people riding, to review the helmet laws … it's our duty to look at these things regularly, fearlessly and intelligently."
The issue "sparks up and down but it's always there and I think part of the reason why it causes such angst is because people on both sides are very set in their views".
The review has been initiated with an online survey that polls members and non-members alike on their general riding habits and opinions about helmet use.
"To conduct our review, we'll be asking ourselves what's the impact of mandatory helmets on four key things," the survey states: "The essence of bike riding: freedom and convenience? The number of people riding? The number of crashes? The severity of injury if there is a crash?
Once the survey is completed, the organisation will invite comment on helmet laws from a range of experts, to be published through the course of the process.
Finally, Bicycle Network will conduct a review of scientific literature on the subject, and look at case studies, including places where laws were implemented but later repealed, before making a final decision on whether to change its helmet policy, or maintain the status quo.
Photo: iStock
'Relative risks and benefits'
The organisation isn't the only one to tackle the issue of helmet laws in recent years.
In the ACT, an expert will be "engaged to examine the relative risks and benefits of changing the requirement to wear a helmet in certain low-speed environments" as part of their Road Safety Action Plan 2016-2020.
In 2015-2016, a Senate inquiry into bicycle helmet laws held two days of hearings in which experts from both sides of the argument gave opinions and evidence. In an interim report, the committee recommended that a national data set be established and used to assess mandatory bicycle helmet laws; the inquiry is now lapsed.
In 2013, a Parliamentary Inquiry in Queensland recommended that people over 16 be allowed to ride without helmets in places such as bike paths, roads with speed limits of 60km/h or less and when using share bike schemes. (The proposal was rejected.)
In Brisbane, Deputy Mayor Adrian Schrinner has repeatedly argued against helmet laws, while Fremantle mayor Brad Pettitt has also called for an easing of the rules.
Meanwhile, organised "helmet free" rides have been held in metropolitan cities, including one in Melbourne in March that, by my reckoning, drew more media coverage than a naked bike ride (in which riders mostly wore helmets) held the next day.
Nevertheless, government agencies and health and safety organisations remain firmly committed to the status quo, with Professor Rebecca Ivers of the George Institute this week warning against any change to the laws.
Special status
It's always worth remembering that Australia is an outlier on this issue.
As the first country to get bike helmet laws, it must have seemed that we were in the vanguard of a global movement, following on from our nation's pioneering adoption of seatbelt laws.
New Zealand fell into line, and then … not much more. At present, several Canadian provinces, a handful of US local jurisdictions and a couple of small nations appear to be among the few places that also enforce blanket all-ages helmet laws.
Despite the rules, compliance and enforcement can fluctuate wildly across our island continent.
And even the laws aren't uniform. In the Northern Territory, adults can legally ride unhelmeted on separated bike paths and footpaths.
The NT's special status is one area Bicycle Network's review will focus on, says Richards.
"It has the highest proportion of bike riders in Australia, according to the National Cycling Participation Survey - although there are probably a lot of reasons for that, it's hard to isolate it to one," he says. "Darwin and Alice are bike friendly in many ways."
If Bicycle Network does alter its policy, it won't be the first time in recent history that they've changed their stance on a controversial issue.
After previous scepticism about minimum distance passing laws, the organisation changed its policy following a survey of its members and now campaigns for the introduction of the laws in Victoria.
Bicycle Network says more than 18,000 people have already taken its helmet survey, and the review process should be completed by April next year.
Fairfax journalist Michael O'Reilly has written the On Your Bike blog since 2011.
Follow Michael on Twitter or Facebook, email him or read more of his blogs.
The muscle group that works your whole body
This ancient exercise is still king
The legal performance enhancer even doctors are using
A controversial PT tells the harsh truth about fitness
What's the best surface to run on?
Fourteen of Australia's best runs
Fifteen gadgets to help you get fitter
Ten top apps for getting fit
What's on your fitness bucket list?
The world's slipperiest bikes
15 cutting-edge fitness gadgets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sabatia quadrangula är en gentianaväxtart som beskrevs av Robert Lynch Wilbur. Sabatia quadrangula ingår i släktet Sabatia och familjen gentianaväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gentianaväxter
quadrangula

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If the house edge is only .05% on a 9/6 video poker machine, how important is hitting the royal flush in the overall payback? I usually play a $1 machine. Joe L.
As stated in past columns, 9/6 (full house: 9, flush: 6, one coin inserted) Jacks or Better video poker is associated with a house edge of 0.5%.
But if you do not hit a royal flush, the casino advantage will be higher. As a matter of fact, Joe, the royal flush is so dominant in casino payout calculations for video poker machines, that until you hit that royal flush you'll be losing beaucoup more than chicken scratch, especially on a $1 machine.
Even with your keen eye identifying machines with a decent payback, expect to lose more than the .05% house edge on a 9/6 video poker machine. "And why is that?" you ask, mentally doping out the statistics of the thing. Because, Joe, the casino trolls figure that once in every 40,000 hands, some buckaroo is going to drop a Royal Flush on 'em, and they'd better be ready for it. From the typical player's point of view, that's a bit scummy, since his never wife will never let him play 40,000 hands.
So how much of a hit are you taking without hooking a royal flush? On a $1 Jacks or Better 9/6 machine, the kind that you play, you will lose at a rate of 2.5% while you hope, pray and sweat for a royal.
Here's another way of looking at it. If you were to play 600 hands per hour, you should expect to lose about $75 per hour, on average, for each hour you play without hitting that elusive royal. Waving bye-bye to that kind of chump change might be a mild annoyance for some, but catastrophic for others. You recall that old household tune: "Remember the second mortgage."
I have a question about playing slots. If I were to play a 3 coin, $1 slot machine that states a 98% payback or better, and I put in only one or two coins, do I still get the 98% advertised payback? Or is that only when I play the maximum coin amount? George A.
For almost all multiple-pay and multiple-play slot machines, playing the maximum coin level will yield the best percentage payback. You can see this on the machine's pay table; note the proportional differences among payoff categories. For example: One coin inserted pays 500 coins, two coins 1,000, and three coins a tidy 4000. Paydirt, George, when you play three coins, but when you play fewer, that advertised 98% payback spirals south.
If you can afford to play the maximum coins allowed, George, do so. If you cannot hack that on the one-dollar-eater, you might switch to a lower denomination machine.
Compared to Caribbean Stud Poker and Let it Ride, is Three Card Poker a better game to play? Lowell A.
The object of Three Card Poker is to have a three-card poker hand (no draws) that beats the dealer's three-card poker hand. Or, if you do not want to bet against the dealer, you can bet instead that your three-card hand will be at least a pair.
The casino's edge for the Pair Plus is 2.3% and for the Ante wager it's 3.4%, based on the initial bet, or 2% and 2.3% respectively based on the total money wagered. The house edge for Caribbean Stud Poker is 5.3% and 3.5% for Let it Ride. Three Card Poker, Lowell, is clearly the better game for the player.


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Nokia phones targets a 10% growth in Kenya
AI revolutionizes the contact center in Africa
Safaricom and M-Gas Launched Prepaid Gas
MTN Zambia launches non-expiry data bundles
Safaricom Launches Lipa Na M-Pesa promotion
Q&A Interviews
Africa News Room
Home > Cybersecurity > Kenyans to rely on new Data Protection Law
Kenyans to rely on new Data Protection Law
December 5, 2019 Dianne Jacobs
The Data Protection Act that came into effect last month is expected to provide a framework for data protection in the country, and help boost privacy of the citizens.
Before the Act was passed, Kenya did not have a specific data protection law that regulated the sector, exposing private data of citizens to misuse.
The law conceived in 2015 is meant to provide a regulatory provision in the collection, retrieval, processing, storing, use and disclosure of personal data.
Under Article 31(c), the Act outlines the right of every person not to have "information relating to their family or private affairs unnecessarily acquired or revealed" and Article 31(d), confers individuals the right not to have "the privacy of their communications infringed".
Robert Nyamu, a Financial Services and Risk Advisory Leader at East Africa Ernst and Young LLP, says the legislation is timely as it will address customers' data infringements among telecoms, hospitality industry, various companies and financial institutions.
"Of great importance is the customer's personal data that is comprehensively discussed in the new Act," Mr Nyamu says.
He adds that anyone handling customer data in whatever form needs to fully understand the customer's rights in regard to data protection law.
"It (new law) gives a right to customers in terms of their own data, and as an organisation if you are handling data in whichever format you need to be aware of it," he adds.
The financial sector, he notes ought to understand the implications of data breach as any compliance failure will result in significant penalties.
The new law, he added, will cause disruption to some players, particularly in the financial sector.
"It is going to cause disruptions in their operating model, and data governance as they have to put in place mechanisms to ensure that they comply with the Act," he adds.
The law is expected to bring clarity on what data should be classified as well as on the rights and responsibilities of organisations that handle customer data, and more fundamentally on the right of customers in terms of that data.
Increased ransomware and IoT hacks predicted in 2017
Big data can drive the future of cyber security
New York unveils final cybersecurity regulations
Artificial intelligence could be the key to cyber security
Rush to fix serious computer chips flaws
Facebook Agrees on Data Sharing With Chinese Firms
Facebook Transparency Report reveals fewer user data requests by African Governments
New tax on Digital Markets under new law
Data Breaches Faced by Indian Internet Consumers
Cybersecurity Internet MOBILE
Kenyan Parents Urged to Monitor Children's online consumption
Green Energy: Is it too late to tame Climate Change?
January 22, 2020 Dianne Jacobs 0
HMD Global, the home of Nokia phones, is targeting a 10 per cent growth in Kenya...
BUSINESS MOBILE
MTN Zambia has launched a new range of non-expiry mobile data bundles dubbed Freedom bundles. The...
Safaricom has launched an eight week Lipa Na M-Pesa promotion that will reward both customers and...
HMD Global, the home of Nokia phones, is...
The contact centre is changing. In the past,...
Safaricom and M-Gas have launched prepaid gas service...


Anecdotal Evidence VS Truth In Advertising!
When you make claims relating to your expertise or your results in terms of your real estate marketing prowess, be sure you adhere to the "truth in advertising laws," as set by the Federal Trade Commission. Consumers are getting more and more skeptical of real estate anecdotes-scanty evidence that is questionable.
Anecdotal Marketing is claiming that results based on what one person did, (sold in one day) could work for others. How do you feel when you see an ad claiming that you can lose 10lbs in one week? Or, how do you feel when you read claims by a lead generating firm that by following their system you can get 17 leads per day, like one of their clients achieved? This is known as "cherry-picking" evidence.
Those who adhere to the laws of truth in advertising will add a disclaimer that "these results are not typical or the norm". Usually this is in fine print.
Think of your website as an advertising media about YOU. If you claim to be a expert in marketing land, for example, having ample proof of your results in the form of your sold portfolio on your website will give you added credibility and truth in advertising.


text:
Q: Line breakes missing when using tail command I'm using the tail command to monitor a log file on Os X.
command: tail -f path_to_file
When viewing the result in the terminal window, the line breaks are missing.
The log statements have '\r' to create a new line. It seems this character is skipped by the tail app.
How can I fix this?

A: Try something like this to convert \r to \n with sed. If it is available on Os X
tail -f path_to_file | sed 's/\\r/\n/g'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: laravel insert query value empty  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<elenco_clienti>
 <cliente>
  <cod>00001</cod>
  <name>xxxxxxxxxx</name>
  <address>VIA nnnnnnnn</address>
</cliente>
<cliente>
 <cod>00003</cod>
 <name>yyyyyyyyyyy</name>
 <address>VIA calllll</address>
</cliente>
<cliente>
 <cod>00005</cod>
 <name>oooooooooooo</name>
 <address></address>
</cliente>
</elenco_clienti>

I have this Xml file and make my array like this:
 $xml1 = simplexml_load_file($path);
 $json = json_encode($xml1);
 array = json_decode($json, true);
 $clien =$array['cliente'];

but when i put my query
 if(!empty($clien))
 {
     DB::table('clientis')->insert($clien);
     dd('Insert Recorded successfully.');
 }

I have the error
QueryException Array to string conversion (SQL: insert into `clientis`......

i think for the value empty.....
what i do?
thanks

A: You're getting this error because address in the last item is an empty array:
2 => array:3 [▼
    "cod" => "00005"
    "name" => "oooooooooooo"
    "address" => []
]

You need to do something like this to fix this:
$clien = array_map(function($i) {
    $i['address'] = empty($i['address']) ? '' : $i['address'];
    return $i;
}, $clien);


The world is a very vast landscape. I have been collecting objects and taking notes on the places I have been over the last ten years. These first collections are ones that I feel strive to represent the I hope you the beauty I have found in each landscape.
Making the collection of patterns allows me to look closely at places and see the beauty of the landscape and natural surroundings. The elements of wind, sun and rain create their unique environments.


Michael L. Bleeker, D.M.D., F.A.C.P., attended dental school at the Medical University of South Carolina and graduated with a Doctor of Dental Medicine degree. Following dental school, he completed the General Practice Residency at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, Virgina. Dr. Bleeker completed the Combined Prosthodontics Residency at the Veterans Administration Medical Center and The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston.
Dr. Bleeker continued his study of Prosthodontics by completing the Fellowship in Maxillofacial Prosthetics at the University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. He completed his education at The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry in Columbus, Ohio. While there he studied implant dentistry with Dr. Edwin McGlumphy, Dr. Peter Larson and the late Dr. Larry Peterson.
Dr. Bleeker is a Board Certified specialist in Prosthodontics.
Dr. Bleeker served as a prosthodontist in the United States Army Reserves. He cared for the troops in Iraq with the 380th Medical Company-Dental Service.
Call our Scottsdale office for more information and schedule an appointment with Dr. Bleeker today!


text:
Types of nails
There are dozens of different kinds of nails, many listed in the fastener index. Many are from before the Second World War, after which plastic and corrugated cardboard made most wooden shipping containers obsolete, which doomed the specialized nails used to construct them (typically, the ones with "box" in their names). Nails in the construction trades remain, though the rise of power nailers has changed them.
The homemaker is most likely to encounter:
boat nails
box nails
common wire nails
finishing nails
smooth box nails
spiral shank nails
Size of nails
In most of the world, nails are described by their dimensions in millimeters, for example "150 × 4" is a nail 150 mm long and 4 mm in diameter. A description of the head and finish is typically added. In the United States, however, some types of nails are sized in pennies (symbol, d), a system that originated in England centuries ago.
The APA offers a useful warning about the use of sizing in pennies:
Nails come in a wide variety of types and names, and to complicate matters, there is no standard for nail nomenclature. For example, pennyweight does not translate to interchangeability: a 10d common nail has a diameter of 0.148 inch, a 10d box nail has a diameter of 0.128 inch and a 10d sinker nail has a diameter of 0.120 inch. Avoid confusion and ensure correct nail size by specifying diameter and length, with an optional description of nail by pennyweight and type (e.g., 0.148" x 3" [10d common]).
APA – The Engineered Wood Association.
The Basics of Wood Frame Connection Design.
Designers Circle for Building Professionals, Summer 2018.
https://www.apawood.org/designerscircle#feature. Accessed 14 August 2018.
For the problem of substituting nails sized in newer formats for nails sized in pennies, see nails spec'ed in pennys in the age of nail guns.
In the United States, the lengths and diameters of some types of nails are indicated by their size in pennies. An 8d finishing nail and an 8d common nail are about the same length, but have different diameters.
As rules of thumb,
In fastening sheathing, shingles, clapboard, etc., the nail should be at least three times longer than the thickness of the sheet or board being fastened with it.
A nail driven perpendicular to the grain should penetrate the lumber a minimum of 12 times its diameter. Building codes often call for at least half the length of the nail.
Longer is not necessarily better; the longer the nail, the greater the danger of splitting the wood.
Several types of small nails are sized by length and wire gauge. The wire gauge used for nails is a particular version of the steel wire gauge. The bigger the number, the thinner the nail. The industry is moving away from the use of gauge numbers, to specifying the actual diameter to a thousandth of an inch.
Most nails are sold by weight, usually in 1-pound boxes. Some stores still offer them in bulk, to be bagged by the purchaser. Contractors purchase bulk nails in corrugated cardboard cartons holding 50 pounds. Five-pound, 10-pound, and 25-pound boxes are also sometimes available. Internationally, 5 and 10-kilogram boxes are common.
The wooden nail keg of an earlier era, usually holding 100 pounds (but 150 lbs of wrought spikes or 200 lbs of boat spikes) is now rare.
The entries for types of nails give the number of nails per pound for each size. From this information and the number of nails needed, the number of pounds required can be calculated.
Bright nails have no finish. They can cause rust streaks if they are used in siding or decking, for example.
A common way of making nails corrosion-resistant is to coat them with zinc. Hot-dipped (H.D.) nails have been galvanized by dipping them in molten zinc. Electrogalvanized nails are plated with zinc, and are not as corrosion-resistant as hot-dipped nails. A third process peens zinc onto the nail. By roughening the nail's surface, all these treatments – but especially hot-dipping – increase the holding power of the nail.
Blued nails have very little resistance to corrosion and are meant to be used indoors.
Most nails have smooth shanks.
Ring-shank nails are used with softwood, in situations where the nail will be pushed from side to side, which tends to enlarge the hole and free smooth-shank nails.
Spiral-shank nails are mostly used with hardwood. They have great holding power.
Originally, nails had rectangular rather than circular shanks. See cut nails.
Most nails have flat heads, in some cases very large ones.
The brad head is found on finishing nails and brads. Usually it is cupped; that is, it has a small depression in the middle of the head that serves to steady a nail set.
Duplex heads are used where the nail must later be removed, for example, in constructing movie sets.
Most nails have a diamond point, a 4-sided pyramid. Some however, have needle points, and a few types have a chisel point or a duckbill point.
Besides high-carbon and low-carbon steel, nails are available in types 304 and 316 stainless steel. Stainless steel nails are slightly less strong than ordinary steel nails and are about three times as expensive as galvanized nails, but they are much more rust resistant.
Aluminum nails are not strong enough for most structural framing and are primarily used to fasten aluminum siding or screening.
Copper nails are used in roofing and in marine applications.
© iStockphoto.com/Gary Talton.
Nails for power nailers, the professional's replacement for the hammer, are sold by count, not by weight. These machines require nails that have been stuck together in coils or sticks (like the staples for an office stapler). A typical coil holds about 100 to 300 nails and a stick about 100. Each machine has particular requirements (for example, in some sticks the nails are tilted at 31° and in others 22°). Nails should be purchased with a specific make and model of nailer in mind, though there is some interchangeability.
Please see this entry on building code adjustments to accommodate nail guns.
Germany: DIN 1151, 1152
Romania: STAS 2111-90
United Kingdom: BS1202
David Moyer
Nails for Historical Archaeologists.
An extensive bibliography: www.digitalpresence.com/histarch/nails.html
Thomas D. Visser.
Nails: Clues to a Building's History.
www.uvm.edu/~histpres/203/nails.html
A brief history of nailmaking in America.
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Last revised: 15 August 2018.


These music-movie crossovers rocked the Academy Awards.
Outfit repeating has never looked so good.
He's so nervous! He's so happy! He doesn't want to let his trophy go even for a second!
The hidden Oscars moment that's causing the Internet to freak out.
From Chris Rock's killer monologue to Leo's long-awaited win.
See who took home the Oscars this year.
She performed her song "'Till It Happens to You" from "The Hunting Ground," a documentary about campus sexual assault.
Carrying the torch for the movie's lone Academy Award nomination.


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Motorcycle Musings
FUBAR
FloydFest arrives this week
Reflections of FloydFest in 2016. (Photos by Doug Thompson)
By DOUG THOMPSON
Entertainment, Musings
FloydFest kicks off this week at the site just off the Blue Ridge Parkway for its annual gathering of music and festival fans.
Last year, I made the decision after more than 15 years of covering the festival to step down and let others cover the event for The Floyd Press. Colleen Redman takes over the chore and will do a good job.
The acts include The String Cheese Incident, Phil Lesh & The Terrapin Family Band, Kacey Musgraves, Brandi Carlile, Tyler Childers and more. At my age, I remember Carlile and Hot Tuna but not most of the others.
My legs, hobbled by arthritis and too many injuries over the years, no longer have the ability to traverse the hills at the Patrick County site.
I've shot thousands of photos and many hours of video at FloydFest since covering my first one in 2005. The 5 minutes, 13-second clip above created seven years ago tried to capsulize that was, and is, FloydFest.
Have a good time.
Long-time newspaperman, photographer, and videographer who sold his first news photo more than 60 years ago, still writes and shoots photos for Lee Enterprises newspapers, provides TV news for local stations/networks, and produces documentaries. He is also the founder and publisher of Capitol Hill Blue, the oldest political news channel on the Internet, and owns Blue Ridge Muse, a hyperlocal website in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Southwestern Virginia. A member of the National Press Photographers Association, Thompson also owns Blue Ridge Photography, LLC.
Search the Muse
© 2021 Blue Ridge Muse


209 km east of Shiraz, a suitable situation for the cultivation of saffron and fig is provided by the tropical climatic condition, bountiful water supply and the fertile soil. The fig tree is one of the valuable plants due to its qualitative wood, delightful blossoms, and the ripened fruits. In this tour we will travel to Palangan strait which is completely covered by fig, pomegranate, cypress and willow trees.
Depart to Neiriz (209 km, 3 hrs). En route visit the Sassanid castle of Sarvestan (1 hr), explore in saffron farms and fig woods (1 hr). Finally trek in the Palangan strait (3 hrs) and return to Shiraz (3 hrs).


Maggots. You're eating maggots, Michael. Oops, wrong franchise.
Maggots. You've got maggots coming out of your head, Terry.
Produced by Funko, this father of future flies stands discreetly at approximately 2" to 3" tall.


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Home Toyota 86 2017 Toyota 86 unveiled
2017 Toyota 86 unveiled
More power and revised exterior for rear-drive favourite The 2017 Toyota 86 has been revealed ahead of its official launch at next week's New York motor show. The mid-life update to Australia's most popular sports car carries a host of exterior changes, minor interior revisions and a small increase in power and torque.
From the outside there is a revised front bumper that houses a larger grille, which Toyota says emphasises the 86's low and wide stance. Meanwhile, the rear bumper is all new, incorporating restyled LED tail-lights. Revised LED headlights, with a new indicator design, now sits above a modified fog-light bezel, while the factory alloy wheel design has also been updated.
Toyota designers have shifted the rear-wheel-drive sports car's fender-vent logo to lower on the front guard in the form of its own stand-alone badge. Further logos have also been added to inside the front headlights. On the engineering side, Toyota has revised the 86's suspension, focusing on improved shock absorber and spring rates, while adding hill-start assist to manuals models. Automatic models remain unchanged in terms of power output at 147kW and 205Nm, however, manual variants have had an increase of roughly 4kW and 9Nm as well as changes to the gear ratio, bringing their new output to 151kW and 214Nm. Toyota Australia says these new power figures from the naturally aspirated 2.0-litre 'Boxer' engine are yet to be confirmed for local models.
The interior of the base Toyota 86 GT remains unchanged, however, buyers of the top-spec GTS will see changes to the steering wheel – now finally incorporating audio controls – as well as new seating material with silver stitching. The instrument panel also gains a new soft-feel 'Grandlux' material, embossed with the 86 logo, with the material also flowing onto the door trims. Since the Toyota 86 went on sale in Australia in June 2012, the Japanese company has sold a staggering 16,456 units in Australia, making the model the consistent front runner in the local sports car segment.
The new 2017 Toyota 86 will go on sale in the fourth quarter of this year, though, Toyota Australia has yet to confirm whether the model's current pricing structure will remain in place when the new car arrives.
Auto NewsGalleryNewsSliderToyotaToyota 86


On August 16th 1819, a crowd of some sixty thousand men, women and children gathered on St Peter's Field in Manchester. The factories of the burgeoning industrial district were left empty that Monday morning, as workers turned out en masse to witness the celebrated Henry "Orator" Hunt make his address. His subject? The extension of representation to the new industrial hubs and of suffrage to all men. Families travelled for miles from the surrounding towns and villages, dressed in their Sunday best to cut a respectable aspect. They were unarmed.
Two centuries on, Manchester-born director Mike Leigh's new film Peterloo marks the events leading up to and including Hunt's address, which culminated in a cavalry charge upon the tightly-packed crowd that left at least fifteen dead and countless injured. The events of Peterloo are without doubt worthy of cinematic treatment, yet Leigh's film is not an easy watch. Its flaws, and indeed, its redeeming features, draw attention to recurring problems faced by filmmakers who look to authentically represent the past while simultaneously being dramatic. It is also an illustration of the perils wrought in attempting to recruit history in favour of a political message.
Despite its worthy source material, Peterloo tells its story in a way that is often turgid. The film boasts a high level of historical and political detail, but this is too often curtailed into repetition for the enforcement of the film's core message. Clumsy exposition abounds, along with scenes of debating reformers discussing the working man and the nature of protest. The most tedious scenes depict Britain's Regency elites and the Manchester magistrates tirelessly plotting the suppression of the people. Repetition in pursuit of the film's egalitarian message ironically acts to blunt its emotive impact, as performances grow increasingly hammy and their depictions become near-comical. The focus on the facts leads to an overly-long picture, flouting the key principle of gripping cinema: show, don't tell.
Studios are always anxious that their productions pass the historical accuracy test. However, the focus on accuracy can come at the cost of narrative depth, and productions of recent years like Lincoln have likewise fallen foul of this problem. Steven Spielberg's film similarly indulged in endless scenes of detailed debate and rhetoric, and resulted in sleep-inducing sequences which failed to explore the frailties and intricacies of the subject. Christopher Nolan's Dunkirk meanwhile became lost in gritty revisionism, determined to show the horrors of war in relation to a defeat celebrated as part of Britain's "finest hour". Its dedication to realism counter-intuitively rendered a storyline with multiple protagonists who speak monosyllabically; we learn little about the characters beyond their names, and are given scant reason to care about them or the film.
Other filmmakers have taken a different approach to represent history, instead actively tweaking historical fact to present emotional truths. Darkest Hour was widely derided courtesy of its infamous depiction of Winston Churchill braving the London underground. The ineffectiveness of this approach has drawn scorn, though not so much for the liberty taken but for the crude fashion in which it is delivered, ramming the message down the audience's throat.
At the heart of Peterloo is the story of Joseph (David Moorst), a shell-shocked young soldier who returns from Waterloo to unemployment, poverty and hunger. We follow his family, guided by the common-sense matriarch Nellie (Maxine Peake), in the events leading up to the disaster. It is their experiences that imbue the film with any emotional depth. Most striking is the depiction of the massacre itself. The emotional stakes are raised moments before the carnage by a tender moment in which Nellie befriends another family in the crowd, discussing their journey and offering them food. It goes to show the peaceful and sociable nature of the protest far more effectively than any of the previous pontificating of the earnest reformers. The sacrifice of the working people and the injustice they faced in return is emphasised through symbolism far more affecting than the polemicising that dominates much of the film.
Peterloo would be a shorter, more enjoyable and more powerful picture, were it to put greater focus on characters like Joseph and Nellie rather than the polemics of the debating chamber, or the caricatures of the establishment. A strange irony is thus presented, since Leigh has previously made his name with such intimate character led dramas. Watching Peterloo, it is possible to discern two very different films at odds with each other. The film dedicated to the re-enactment of wordy speeches is at odds with a more intimate depiction of working family life, and sadly acts to stifle this more thought-provoking storyline.
The historian Marc Carnes has called on his profession to embrace historical films as 'jumping-off points', depictions that, despite inaccuracies, can raise ideas and interpretations of the past that engage a wider audience and can be used to inspire more in-depth historical discussion. Peterloo exemplifies how film can effectively inspire historical dialogues, whilst highlighting the perils provoked by cinema's attempt to parrot the tone of the lecture theatre. Initial press response to Peterloo was split politically, with those on the left embracing a film they saw as holding a mirror to the contemporary Britain of austerity and rampant inequality. Film is always as much a reflection of its own times as any period it professes to represent, but this overt political message has led other commentators to spurn Peterloo for its less-than-subtle tone. Such overemphasis simply acts to weaken the strength behind any indictment of the present, and could yet negate awareness and discussion of a much-neglected moment in history.


SALLY: She's here! You sure are dressed up tonight! Wow! I never saw you like that!
OUR LADY: Child, this is my glorified body. My child, my little children, I ask you to keep your eyes on the Paradise that my Son has prepared for you. If you keep your eyes on the Paradise, you will live in joy and in peace. As never before has this world that you live in been such a dry desert and produced such poisonous rotten fruit. Never before, my little children, has my adversary tried to stop the work that I do here. Never before has he shown his power like he shows today. Never before has he tried to destroy and to destroy and stop even my Directors, who I have chosen here. Never before has his power been so great. But remember, my little children, that I am here for you and I will cover you with my mantle! Yes, my little children, you have obstacles and you have work here with me. Like my Son needed His apostles to complete His work on earth, I need you my little children. I need you like my Son needed His apostles. You are my apostles of these later days! I come to you in this glorified body so I can bring you a sign that you will know I am with you and that you too will have a glorified body! Welcome to my celebration, my little children! All the cohort of my angels are with me!
SALLY: I can see them Blessed Mother! They are like stars around you. They are dancing!
BLESSED MOTHER: And so are your loved ones! So are your loved ones, my children! They are here too with you! They are here! Your loved ones! Remember, like an electric bulb needs light, needs power, if it does not have electricity, there will be no light. My Son, my Son is the light of the world. I am the plug and He is the power! Follow the ways that I have traced out for you! Stay on the right road. Practice the Commandment-Love one another. Love one another as He loves you! My little children, and you are little children, I see how you need me! I see how you need nourishment like my Son. I nourished Him and I will nourish you-each one of you! Never before have I brought blessings like I am bringing to you in such an extraordinary way. Very few have seen what I show you-my glorified body. My cohort of angels.
OUR LADY: There will be rough times ahead, my little children. The terrible times of the Purification. These terrible times are coming. You must be prepared and you have nothing to fear. Take my hand! I will walk with you! Take my hand, I will fly with you! I walk here in this Garden with my Son. This is my place! It was given to me by my Son and I let you use this so I can complete my mission. So I can take care of my little ones. Blessed is the moment! Blessed is the time that I stopped here in this Garden to take care of my little ones and to the large family of my Son! Remember, the water in the Well will be healing and refreshing to many; but like the Well of Jacob, many sins will be made known to my Son at the Well. This is a place of reconciliation! A place of forgiveness! If you ask, He will forgive! Remember, there is no sin so small that it does not hurt His Sacred Heart; but there is no sin so large that He will not forgive, if you ask. My Son is gentle, but sin is not love and the only way to my Son is through me. Like I brought Him to Bethlehem I will bring Him back to you again-through me to Jesus-through Jesus to Father God. Rejoice! Rejoice on this day! Oh, how the Angels sang when they saw me coming! Oh, how the Angels celebrated as my Son placed the Crown upon my head. Oh, how the Angels sang! They sang the sweetest songs I've ever heard. Come celebrate with me my little ones. I am the light! The light that you see tonight is the light that unites the world of heaven with the one here on earth. My Son made all this happen-my Son-Father God. I was created in a special way. I was created especially for His Son. He would not put His Son in a contaminated womb. I was created special without a stain of sin for the Son of Father God. But never forget my little children, each one of you was created with a plan. You were created with a plan and when you destroy my little ones, the plan is never completed and they cry in vengeance for what you do to them. You destroy their life – their plans – the plan of God! Each one that is destroyed is the plan that will never exist. They cry in vengeance and because they have vengeance on their soul, they cannot enter Heaven. You must ask forgiveness, because when you ask forgiveness my Son forgives and when He forgives, the little ones forgive and they enter heaven. Ask forgiveness! Remember, you are all responsible for each other. These are your little brothers and sisters and you are responsible for them! You are responsible for each other! Go forward my children, go forward with the plans! Save my little ones! They are crying out to you! You are all responsible even though you have never had an abortion. You are responsible for each other!
SALLY: You haven't said very much, Sacred Heart! Are you going to say something?
SACRED HEART: She has done very well! Thank you, mother!
OUR LADY: Thank you, Son! Thank you, Son, for giving them to me! They're mine! You gave them to me at the Cross! They are mine!
SALLY: I see faces. I see nothing but faces. I see nothing but faces-no bodies-just faces. Blessed Mother, don't leave! I have something to ask of you! I have some medals here, they're beautiful medals! Would you place a special blessing on these for me? If you just look at them, you could do it! You can ask your Son and He can do anything. You know! He's that way! If you ask Him, He won't refuse you. He won't refuse you anything! He's your Spouse. I ask you to place a blessing on Jerry Herr's medals. He has them for his family! He has them for his nieces! I'm asking you, Blessed Mother! I'm really serious about this stuff! You know! I ask you to place your blessing on all who are here tonight. Yes, Blessed Mother, you're right! They are! They are your special sons. Right! There's Father Paul. You know him quite well. There is Archbishop Martin dePorres.(The Orthodox Church of Canada, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Mission Archeparchy and The Standing Episcopal Conference of Othodox Bishops.) I don't know him very well, but I'm sure I will. You know the one you sent me. The one I lean on, Father Pat. You call him Patrick. I'm not for sure if I like that! I have to get use to it! Blessed Mother, I ask you to bless each one of us here tonight. Give them a special blessing! Bless all those who have health problems, all the people who are on the Rosary Walk and the Bricks, in the Basket that you have in front of you. There is a lot of suffering, Blessed Mother, in that Basket! There are a lot of people who are asking. You know, coming from you, it means so much more! I tell Him I love Him. Oh, He knows I love Him. He knows me better than I know myself; but coming from you, it will mean more. So will you ask Him? Ask Him to give me strength so I can do what you're asking of me. I ask you to bless all of our volunteers here who are dedicated to this place and I don't care what happens behind the scenes, I know each one them love you and they adore your Son and I know they would do anything for the both of you. John -Oh, he's one of those 7-days-a-week guys. We don't have too many of them. There's Don, there's Jerry and there's Paul. You know I'm not as alert as I use to be, so I forget some of these names; there is Sandy and Pat and Sister Connie, and Brother Bob. All these people are so dedicated to your Son. I never ask very much for myself. You know me, I can get along! Just get me some desert and a little food, but I ask for these other people! I ask for all the girls who are here that are pregnant, but frightened, Blessed Mother! They are frightened and they need your help! They need a mother! They need a mother and I'm not leaving you off the hook, St. Joseph! You made a good father! You made a very good father to Jesus, so I ask you to take over these young girls so they can take care of their babies and take responsibility; and all pregnant women take responsibility for motherhood. There are so many to pray for-so many! So many! I ask you to bless each one that came here; each donor who put ten cents in that basket. Bless each and every one! Hold them in your arms, Blessed Mother, like you held your Son, Jesus, when He learned to walk and He stumbled and skinned His little knees. You picked Him up and you kissed His hurts away; so I'm asking the same thing, to do this to your children here tonight. Hold them in your arms!
OUR LADY: Child, I do!
OUR LADY: I see each one of you like you are the only one in front of me. I see each one of you!
SALLY: I see faces of hundreds and hundreds of people around you, but no bodies? Your cohort of Angels! Is that what you call them? You never go anyplace without them? Even though I don't see them, you have them with you all the time? Does that bother you? That would kind of disturb me to have all those people around me! No? No?
OUR LADY: Can I ask you?
SALLY: Yes! Yes! Yes! I was going to ask you. Do that, will you please? Help us! We can't do this alone. There is no way can we ever do this alone! We need your help! I've never gone through anything like this. I don't even know how to handle anything like this! How in the world can I get an Order of Nuns started! I can't even get my own self started in the morning! No, I need your help, Blessed Mother! I need your help! You will! When? I know, I heard it! I listened! I listened to it, Blessed Mother! Do you think I forgot? I listened to that message!
Well, I hear them singing! It's beautiful! Oh, they're singing: On this day O beautiful mother, on this day we give you our love. You're special! You're so special! You know what I feel like doing? If I could do what I feel like doing right now, I would just run up there and try to grab you and hug you, but you're pretty high up. You are so beautiful! I never saw you like that. Are those diamonds you have on? Oh, it's beautiful! Is that Crown heavy on your head? It looks like it is real heavy. I see that pearl! I see that pearl, Blessed Mother! It doesn't look right. That pearl just does not look right with the diamonds, rubies and sapphires! Oh, but the pearl doesn't look right! It's so small!
OUR LADY: It's you, my child. This pearl is you and you will grow. You will grow in holiness and some day you will fill this whole space.
SALLY: Wow! I don't have many years left! How am I going to grow that fast? That's a small pearl!
OUR LADY: It's you, my child. You have grown! You have grown in holiness and you will still grow and the place where that pearl is will be filled and you will look as beautiful as the diamonds, and as the rubies.
SALLY: Wow! That should get me going! Thank you, Blessed Mother!
Thank you for everything. I love you, I love you, I love you! You do have to go? I wish you could stay a little while longer! Just a little while longer?
OUR LADY: Finish the Rosary, child! I will stay until the end of the Rosary!
SALLY: Right now she's wearing what looks like sparkles all over her. She has her heart exposed. I can see her heart! It's not bleeding! No! It's liquid gold! It's liquid gold dripping from her heart. She has a Crown upon her head and she is all in gold. She sparkles! She has rings on her finger! What are those rings for, Blessed Mother? Oh, really! I didn't know they had a ring in those days! I didn't know they wore rings. It looks beautiful and I can even see her fingernails. Your hands are so beautiful, they are very small, but very long. Your fingers are very pointed and very long. She has black hair. She's barefoot!
OUR LADY: My feet are the most fragile part of my body, child, but it is with my heel that I will crush his head!
SALLY: The Sacred Heart has shoes on. He has sandals! Why don't you have sandals? I have never seen you with shoes or sandals! Why does He wear sandals and you don't?
OUR LADY: Child, you are such a child! My spouse, Joseph, he walked beside me. He needed sandals! I did not walk! I rode on a beast of burden and I had no need for sandals. My Son walks the earth! Finish the Rosary, child! You have many, many people here waiting. I will stay until the end of the Rosary and then I must go. Remember, next month is my birthday, child. There will be another midnight!
SALLY: Another midnight? You're asking quite a bit, Blessed Mother!
OUR LADY: They will come, child! I see how they love me! I see how they love me! I see how they come! I would like to have them sing Silent Night!
SALLY: Silent Night? Christmas in August?
OUR LADY: It's Christmas every day in heaven, child! We do not have a special day to celebrate! We celebrate every day, my Son's birth. I will sing it with you. That silent holy night that child was born and I remained a virgin.


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Nicolas of Amiens
Nicolas Of Amiens, a scholastic philosopher, was born in the 12th century, probably in the French city after which he is surnamed. He is sometimes confounded with a cardinal Nicolas who flourished near the opening of the 12th century. It is a question, too, whether he be not the same person as a disciple of Gilbert de la Porrde, discovered by Martene and Durand in their second Voyage litteraire, and designated by a manuscript note as having expounded more clearly the opinions of his master. It would seem, however, that there is little ground for this supposition likewise, for a disciple of Gilbert de'la Porree would not have failed to use in his books, as M. Petit-Radel has well pointed out, the sophistical language of 'the school,' from which the writings of Nicolas appear free. It is possible, nevertheless, that he may have been one of the disciples of this illustrious master. We have few other hints regarding the life of Nicolas d'Amiens. A letter of Alexander III tells us that about the year, 1165 he still possessed no benefice. A prebend had been promised to Nicolas by Thierry, bishop of Amiens, and when Thierry was. suddenly removed by death, the pope ordered his successor, Robert, to fulfill immediately this promise. Nicolas enjoyed great credit at Rome. But by what services he had gained the powerful patronage of Alexander we are unable to say. Nicolas died after 1204. His writings now known are a Chronique, signalized by Mountfaucon in the library of the Vatican, and a treatise contained in the same library, also in the imperial library at Paris, under the title of Arsfidei catholicae. This treatise has never been published. It is contained in MS. No. 6506. It commences with these words: "Incipit prologus in Artemfidei catholicae, editam a Nicolao Andranensi." In the prologue the author addresses himself to pope Clement III (1187 to 1191), which tells us at what date Nicolas d'Amiens composed his book. The object of the work is to oppose a barrier to the invasion of heresies, and the author declares that he will use only arguments of a logical order to combat them. Formerly, it is true, they were confuted by the authority of the Scriptures. But the Scriptures have fallen into contempt; henceforth everything must be proved according to the principles of Aristotle, and to make faith agree with reason. It is an undertaking from which the author does not shrink. He divides his treatise into five books: the first is upon the Supreme Cause; the second, upon the world, the angels, the creation of man, and free will; the third, upon the Son of God; the fourth, upon the sacraments; the fifth, upon the resurrection. At the commencement of each book, following a procedure peculiar to himself, he places several series of definitions, of theses, of universally admitted propositions (communes animi conceptiones), which shall serve as foundations to his theorems. Then he reasons in this manner. The definition of Cause is thus conceived: "Cause is that which gives being to another object called the Caused." The first universally admitted proposition is this: "Everything derives its being from the generating principle of the Cause." The first theorem is this: "All that which is the cause of the cause is the cause of the caused; either, for example, the caused A, its cause B, or the cause of B C." In first declaring the definition of Cause, he infers the hypothesis, the first proposition twice reproduced, and again the definition of Cause. Thus the theorem is demonstrated. That said, the author passes to the following theorem, which he demonstrates in still briefer terms. His fourth theorem (book first) is thus conceived: "'Neque subjectam materiam sine forma, nequc. formam sine subjecta materia actu posse esse." This is a rash proposition, It conforms, it is true, io the principles of Aristotle; Aristotle does not admit the actuality of the first of forms, the soul, to the state of a separate substance: but is Nicolas d'Amiens of the same opinion? No, undoubtedly not. Here, then, he declares a proposition, all the consequences of which he does not suspect. At the same time it is certain that he rejects the thesis of matter without form, considered as anterior in order of generation to unformed matter; which is the thesis of the Platonicians, reproduced later by Duns Scotus. Nicolas d'Amiens is a very moderate realist, inasmuch as realism had just been condemned by the Church in the person of his master, Gilbert de la Porree. He prudently expresses himself upon the theorem of the divine attributes: "Deus est potentia qua dicitur potens, sapientia qua dicitur sapiens, caritas qua diligens; caeteraque nomina qua divinem naturae dicuntur competere, de Deo licet improprie prmedicant divinam essentiam." These are the express terms of St. Bernard arguing against Gilbert de la Porree before the Council of Rheims. See Hist. litt. de la France, xvii, 1.
← Nicolas Le Gros
Nicolas Von Hof →


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Analyzing the results is a little tricky because I was simultaneously running the first magnesium citrate self-experiment, which turned out to cause a quite complex result which looks like a gradually-accumulating overdose negating an initial benefit for net harm, and also toying with LLLT, which turned out to have a strong correlation with benefits. So for the potential small Noopept effect to not be swamped, I need to include those in the analysis. I designed the experiment to try to find the best dose level, so I want to look at an average Noopept effect but also the estimated effect at each dose size in case some are negative (especially in the case of 5-pills/60mg); I included the pilot experiment data as 10mg doses since they were also blind & randomized. Finally, missingness affects analysis: because not every variable is recorded for each date (what was the value of the variable for the blind randomized magnesium citrate before and after I finished that experiment? what value do you assign the Magtein variable before I bought it and after I used it all up?), just running a linear regression may not work exactly as one expects as various days get omitted because part of the data was missing.
Theanine can also be combined with caffeine as both of them work in synergy to increase memory, reaction time, mental endurance, and memory. The best part about Theanine is that it is one of the safest nootropics and is readily available in the form of capsules. A natural option would be to use an excellent green tea brand which constitutes of tea grown in the shade because then Theanine would be abundantly present in it.
According to clinical psychiatrist and Harvard Medical School Professor, Emily Deans, "there's probably nothing dangerous about the occasional course of nootropics...beyond that, it's possible to build up a tolerance if you use them often enough." Her recommendation is to seek pharmaceutical-grade products which she says are more accurate regarding dosage and less likely to be contaminated.
If you have spent any time shopping for memory enhancer pills, you have noticed dozens of products on the market. Each product is advertised to improve memory, concentration, and focus. However, choosing the first product promising results may not produce the desired improvements. Taking the time to research your options and compare products will improve your chances of finding a supplement that works.
We've talk about how caffeine affects the body in great detail, but the basic idea is that it can improve your motivation and focus by increasing catecholamine signaling. Its effects can be dampened over time, however, as you start to build a caffeine tolerance. Research on L-theanine, a common amino acid, suggests it promotes neuronal health and can decrease the incidence of cold and flu symptoms by strengthening the immune system. And one study, published in the journal Biological Psychology, found that L-theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses—which is why it's often taken with caffeine. In fact, in a 2014 systematic review of 11 different studies, published in the journal Nutrition Review, researchers found that use of caffeine in combination with L-theanine promoted alertness, task switching, and attention. The reviewers note the effects are most pronounced during the first two hours post-dose, and they also point out that caffeine is the major player here, since larger caffeine doses were found to have more of an effect than larger doses of L-theanine.
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Productivity is the most cited reason for using nootropics. With all else being equal, smart drugs are expected to give you that mental edge over other and advance your career. Nootropics can also be used for a host of other reasons. From studying to socialising. And from exercise and health to general well-being. Different nootropics cater to different audiences.
"We stumbled upon fasting as a way to optimize cognition and make yourself into a more efficient human being," says Manuel Lam, an internal medicine physician who advises Nootrobox on clinical issues. He and members of the company's executive team have implanted glucose monitors in their arms — not because they fear diabetes but because they wish to track the real-time effect of the foods they eat.
Talk to your doctor, too, before diving in "to ensure that they do not conflict with current meds or cause a detrimental effect," Hohler says. You also want to consider what you already know about your health and body – if you have anxiety or are already sensitive to caffeine, for example, you may find that some of the supplements work a little too well and just enhance anxiety or make it difficult to sleep, Barbour says. Finances matter, too, of course: The retail price for Qualia Mind is $139 for 22 seven-capsule "servings"; the suggestion is to take one serving a day, five days a week. The retail price for Alpha Brain is $79.95 for 90 capsules; adults are advised to take two a day.
The benefits that they offer are gradually becoming more clearly understood, and those who use them now have the potential to get ahead of the curve when it comes to learning, information recall, mental clarity, and focus. Everyone is different, however, so take some time to learn what works for you and what doesn't and build a stack that helps you perform at your best.
Because executive functions tend to work in concert with one another, these three categories are somewhat overlapping. For example, tasks that require working memory also require a degree of cognitive control to prevent current stimuli from interfering with the contents of working memory, and tasks that require planning, fluency, and reasoning require working memory to hold the task goals in mind. The assignment of studies to sections was based on best fit, according to the aspects of executive function most heavily taxed by the task, rather than exclusive category membership. Within each section, studies are further grouped according to the type of task and specific type of learning, working memory, cognitive control, or other executive function being assessed.
Power-wise, the effects of testosterone are generally reported to be strong and unmistakable. Even a short experiment should work. I would want to measure DNB scores & Mnemosyne review averages as usual, to verify no gross mental deficits; the important measures would be physical activity, so either pedometer or miles on treadmill, and general productivity/mood. The former 2 variables should remain the same or increase, and the latter 2 should increase.
the rise of IP scofflaw countries which enable the manufacture of known drugs: India does not respect the modafinil patents, enabling the cheap generics we all use, and Chinese piracetam manufacturers don't give a damn about the FDA's chilling-effect moves in the US. If there were no Indian or Chinese manufacturers, where would we get our modafinil? Buy them from pharmacies at $10 a pill or worse? It might be worthwhile, but think of the chilling effect on new users.
After 7 days, I ordered a kg of choline bitartrate from Bulk Powders. Choline is standard among piracetam-users because it is pretty universally supported by anecdotes about piracetam headaches, has support in rat/mice experiments27, and also some human-related research. So I figured I couldn't fairly test piracetam without some regular choline - the eggs might not be enough, might be the wrong kind, etc. It has a quite distinctly fishy smell, but the actual taste is more citrus-y, and it seems to neutralize the piracetam taste in tea (which makes things much easier for me).
Despite some positive findings, a lot of studies find no effects of enhancers in healthy subjects. For instance, although some studies suggest moderate enhancing effects in well-rested subjects, modafinil mostly shows enhancing effects in cases of sleep deprivation. A recent study by Martha Farah and colleagues found that Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts) had only small effects on cognition but users believed that their performance was enhanced when compared to placebo.
P.S. Even though Thrive Natural's Super Brain Renew is the best brain and memory supplement we have found, we would still love to hear about other Brain and Memory Supplements that you have tried! If you have had a great experience with a memory supplement that we did not cover in this article, let us know! E-mail me at : [email protected] We'll check it out for you and if it looks good, we'll post it on our site!
One item always of interest to me is sleep; a stimulant is no good if it damages my sleep (unless that's what it is supposed to do, like modafinil) - anecdotes and research suggest that it does. Over the past few days, my Zeo sleep scores continued to look normal. But that was while not taking nicotine much later than 5 PM. In lieu of a different ml measurer to test my theory that my syringe is misleading me, I decide to more directly test nicotine's effect on sleep by taking 2ml at 10:30 PM, and go to bed at 12:20; I get a decent ZQ of 94 and I fall asleep in 16 minutes, a bit below my weekly average of 19 minutes. The next day, I take 1ml directly before going to sleep at 12:20; the ZQ is 95 and time to sleep is 14 minutes.
Soldiers should never be treated like children; because then they will act like them. However, There's a reason why the 1SG is known as the Mother of the Company and the Platoon Sergeant is known as a Platoon Daddy. Because they run the day to day operations of the household, get the kids to school so to speak, and focus on the minutia of readiness and operational execution in all its glory. Officers forget they are the second link in the Chain of Command and a well operating duo of Team Leader and Squad Leader should be handling 85% of all Soldier issues, while the Platoon sergeant handles the other 15% with 1SG. Platoon Leaders and Commanders should always be present; training, leading by example, focusing on culture building, tracking and supporting NCO's. They should be focused on big business sides of things, stepping in to administer punishment or award and reward performance. If an officer at any level is having to step into a Soldier's day to day lives an NCO at some level is failing. Officers should be junior Officers and junior Enlisted right along side their counterparts instead of eating their young and touting their "maturity" or status. If anything Officers should be asking their NCO's where they should effect, assist, support or provide cover toward intitiatives and plans that create consistency and controlled chaos for growth of individuals two levels up and one level down of operational capabilities at every echelon of command.
It may also be necessary to ask not just whether a drug enhances cognition, but in whom. Researchers at the University of Sussex have found that nicotine improved performance on memory tests in young adults who carried one variant of a particular gene but not in those with a different version. In addition, there are already hints that the smarter you are, the less smart drugs will do for you. One study found that modafinil improved performance in a group of students whose mean IQ was 106, but not in a group with an average of 115.
Four of the studies focused on middle and high school students, with varied results. Boyd, McCabe, Cranford, and Young (2006) found a 2.3% lifetime prevalence of nonmedical stimulant use in their sample, and McCabe, Teter, and Boyd (2004) found a 4.1% lifetime prevalence in public school students from a single American public school district. Poulin (2001) found an 8.5% past-year prevalence in public school students from four provinces in the Atlantic region of Canada. A more recent study of the same provinces found a 6.6% and 8.7% past-year prevalence for MPH and AMP use, respectively (Poulin, 2007).
Schroeder, Mann-Koepke, Gualtieri, Eckerman, and Breese (1987) assessed the performance of subjects on placebo and MPH in a game that allowed subjects to switch between two different sectors seeking targets to shoot. They did not observe an effect of the drug on overall level of performance, but they did find fewer switches between sectors among subjects who took MPH, and perhaps because of this, these subjects did not develop a preference for the more fruitful sector.
I have personally found that with respect to the NOOTROPIC effect(s) of all the RACETAMS, whilst I have experienced improvements in concentration and working capacity / productivity, I have never experienced a noticeable ongoing improvement in memory. COLURACETAM is the only RACETAM that I have taken wherein I noticed an improvement in MEMORY, both with regards to SHORT-TERM and MEDIUM-TERM MEMORY. To put matters into perspective, the memory improvement has been mild, yet still significant; whereas I have experienced no such improvement at all with the other RACETAMS.
He used to get his edge from Adderall, but after moving from New Jersey to San Francisco, he says, he couldn't find a doctor who would write him a prescription. Driven to the Internet, he discovered a world of cognition-enhancing drugs known as nootropics — some prescription, some over-the-counter, others available on a worldwide gray market of private sellers — said to improve memory, attention, creativity and motivation.
the larger size of the community enables economies of scale and increases the peak sophistication possible. In a small nootropics community, there is likely to be no one knowledgeable about statistics/experimentation/biochemistry/neuroscience/whatever-you-need-for-a-particular-discussion, and the available funds increase: consider /r/Nootropics's testing program, which is doable only because it's a large lucrative community to sell to so the sellers are willing to donate funds for independent lab tests/Certificates of Analysis (COAs) to be done. If there were 1000 readers rather than 23,295, how could this ever happen short of one of those 1000 readers being very altruistic?
There is evidence to suggest that modafinil, methylphenidate, and amphetamine enhance cognitive processes such as learning and working memory...at least on certain laboratory tasks. One study found that modafinil improved cognitive task performance in sleep-deprived doctors. Even in non-sleep deprived healthy volunteers, modafinil improved planning and accuracy on certain cognitive tasks. Similarly, methylphenidate and amphetamine also enhanced performance of healthy subjects in certain cognitive tasks.
Stimulants are the smart drugs most familiar to people, starting with widely-used psychostimulants caffeine and nicotine, and the more ill-reputed subclass of amphetamines. Stimulant drugs generally function as smart drugs in the sense that they promote general wakefulness and put the brain and body "on alert" in a ready-to-go state. Basically, any drug whose effects reduce drowsiness will increase the functional IQ, so long as the user isn't so over-stimulated they're shaking or driven to distraction.
An unusual intervention is infrared/near-infrared light of particular wavelengths (LLLT), theorized to assist mitochondrial respiration and yielding a variety of therapeutic benefits. Some have suggested it may have cognitive benefits. LLLT sounds strange but it's simple, easy, cheap, and just plausible enough it might work. I tried out LLLT treatment on a sporadic basis 2013-2014, and statistically, usage correlated strongly & statistically-significantly with increases in my daily self-ratings, and not with any sleep disturbances. Excited by that result, I did a randomized self-experiment 2014-2015 with the same procedure, only to find that the causal effect was weak or non-existent. I have stopped using LLLT as likely not worth the inconvenience.
Began double-blind trial. Today I took one pill blindly at 1:53 PM. at the end of the day when I have written down my impressions and guess whether it was one of the Adderall pills, then I can look in the baggy and count and see whether it was. there are many other procedures one can take to blind oneself (have an accomplice mix up a sequence of pills and record what the sequence was; don't count & see but blindly take a photograph of the pill each day, etc.) Around 3, I begin to wonder whether it was Adderall because I am arguing more than usual on IRC and my heart rate seems a bit high just sitting down. 6 PM: I've started to think it was a placebo. My heart rate is back to normal, I am having difficulty concentrating on long text, and my appetite has shown up for dinner (although I didn't have lunch, I don't think I had lunch yesterday and yesterday the hunger didn't show up until past 7). Productivity wise, it has been a normal day. All in all, I'm not too sure, but I think I'd guess it was Adderall with 40% confidence (another way of saying placebo with 60% confidence). When I go to examine the baggie at 8:20 PM, I find out… it was an Adderall pill after all. Oh dear. One little strike against Adderall that I guessed wrong. It may be that the problem is that I am intrinsically a little worse today (normal variation? come down from Adderall?).
Amphetamines have a long track record as smart drugs, from the workaholic mathematician Paul Erdös, who relied on them to get through 19-hour maths binges, to the writer Graham Greene, who used them to write two books at once. More recently, there are plenty of anecdotal accounts in magazines about their widespread use in certain industries, such as journalism, the arts and finance.
Another ingredient used in this formula is GABA or Gamma-Aminobutyric acid; it's the second most common neurotransmitter found in the human brain. Being an inhibitory neurotransmitter it helps calm and reduce neuronal activity; this calming effect makes GABA an excellent ingredient in anti-anxiety medication. Lecithin is another ingredient found in Smart Pill and is a basic compound found in every cell of the body, with cardiovascular benefits it can also help restore the liver. Another effect is that it works with neurological functions such as memory or attention, thus improving brain Effectiveness.
Accordingly, we searched the literature for studies in which MPH or d-AMP was administered orally to nonelderly adults in a placebo-controlled design. Some of the studies compared the effects of multiple drugs, in which case we report only the results of stimulant–placebo comparisons; some of the studies compared the effects of stimulants on a patient group and on normal control subjects, in which case we report only the results for control subjects. The studies varied in many other ways, including the types of tasks used, the specific drug used, the way in which dosage was determined (fixed dose or weight-dependent dose), sample size, and subject characteristics (e.g., age, college sample or not, gender). Our approach to the classic splitting versus lumping dilemma has been to take a moderate lumping approach. We group studies according to the general type of cognitive process studied and, within that grouping, the type of task. The drug and dose are reported, as well as sample characteristics, but in the absence of pronounced effects of these factors, we do not attempt to make generalizations about them.
Cognitive control is a broad concept that refers to guidance of cognitive processes in situations where the most natural, automatic, or available action is not necessarily the correct one. Such situations typically evoke a strong inclination to respond but require people to resist responding, or they evoke a strong inclination to carry out one type of action but require a different type of action. The sources of these inclinations that must be overridden are various and include overlearning (e.g., the overlearned tendency to read printed words in the Stroop task), priming by recent practice (e.g., the tendency to respond in the go/no-go task when the majority of the trials are go trials, or the tendency to continue sorting cards according to the previously correct dimension in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]; Grant & Berg, 1948) and perceptual salience (e.g., the tendency to respond to the numerous flanker stimuli as opposed to the single target stimulus in the flanker task). For the sake of inclusiveness, we also consider the results of studies of reward processing in this section, in which the response tendency to be overridden comes from the desire to have the reward immediately.
This looks interesting: the Noopept effect is positive for all the dose levels, but it looks like a U-curve - low at 10mg, high at 15mg, lower at 20mg, and even lower at 30mg 48mg and 60mg aren't estimated because they are hit by the missingness problem: the magnesium citrate variable is unavailable for the days the higher doses were taken on, and so their days are omitted and those levels of the factor are not estimated. One way to fix this is to drop magnesium from the model entirely, at the cost of fitting the data much more poorly and losing a lot of R2:
But how, exactly, does he do it? Sure, Cruz typically eats well, exercises regularly and tries to get sufficient sleep, and he's no stranger to coffee. But he has another tool in his toolkit that he finds makes a noticeable difference in his ability to efficiently and effectively conquer all manner of tasks: Alpha Brain, a supplement marketed to improve memory, focus and mental quickness.
(We already saw that too much iodine could poison both adults and children, and of course too little does not help much - iodine would seem to follow a U-curve like most supplements.) The listed doses at iherb.com often are ridiculously large: 10-50mg! These are doses that seems to actually be dangerous for long-term consumption, and I believe these are doses that are designed to completely suffocate the thyroid gland and prevent it from absorbing any more iodine - which is useful as a short-term radioactive fallout prophylactic, but quite useless from a supplementation standpoint. Fortunately, there are available doses at Fitzgerald 2012's exact dose, which is roughly the daily RDA: 0.15mg. Even the contrarian materials seem to focus on a modest doubling or tripling of the existing RDA, so the range seems relatively narrow. I'm fairly confident I won't overshoot if I go with 0.15-1mg, so let's call this 90%.
There are certain risks associated with smart pills that might restrain their use. A smart pill usually leaves the body within two weeks. Sometimes, the pill might get lodged in the digestive tract rather than exiting the body via normal bowel movements. The risk might be higher in people with a tumor, Crohns disease, or some surgery within that area that lead to narrowing of the digestive tract. CT scan is usually performed in people with high-risk to assess the narrowing of the tract. However, the pill might still be lodged even if the results are negative for the CT scan, which might lead to bowel obstruction and can be removed either by surgery or traditional endoscopy. Smart pills might lead to skin irritation, which results in mild redness and need to be treated topically. It may also lead to capsule aspiration, which involves the capsule going down the wrong pipe and entering the airway instead of the esophagus. This might result in choking and death if immediate bronchoscopic extraction is not performed. Patients with comorbidities related to brain injury or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be at a higher risk. So, the health risks associated with the use of smart pills are hindering the smart pills technology market. The other factors, such as increasing cost with technological advancement and ethical constraints are also hindering the market.
There are some other promising prescription drugs that may have performance-related effects on the brain. But at this point, all of them seem to involve a roll of the dice. You may experience a short-term brain boost, but you could also end up harming your brain (or some other aspect of your health) in the long run. "To date, there is no safe drug that may increase cognition in healthy adults," Fond says of ADHD drugs, modafinil and other prescription nootropics.
Nootropics are becoming increasingly popular as a tool for improving memory, information recall, and focus. Though research has not yet determined the mechanism for how nootropics work, it is clear that they provide significant cognitive benefits. Additionally, through a variety of hypothesized biological mechanisms, these compounds are thought to have the potential to improve vision.


Czech investigators want to track down the surviving orchestrators of a Soviet-era ruse involving false borders and American uniforms that fooled people into believing they had escaped to the West.
Running from 1948 to 1951, top secret "Operation Stone" created a number of false border posts near the Czech-German with an elaboration and attention to detail worthy of a film set in order to trick people into thinking they had made it to safety.
Once comfortable in what they thought was Germany a Czech secret policeman posing as an American intelligence officer would then ask them to write down all their contacts back home.
"It was human tragedy. These people were brought into areas which they thought were in the West," said Pavel Bret, from the Czech Republic's Centre for the Documentation and Investigation of Communist Crimes. "There were American flags, American uniforms, and they were also asked to give the names of people co-operating with Western intelligence. They still feel ashamed that they were tricked.
"But you cannot deny just how clever the operation was."
In one case an "American" officer even went as far as to share whisky with an escapee in order to make him feel more relaxed before he unwittingly betrayed his friends. Once the police had the information from the escapees, they were arrested and their friends rounded up, with many receiving harsh sentences from Stalinist judges.
Igor Lukas, a Czech-American historian who has researched Operation Stone, says that at least two of its organisers are still alive "and living in luxury".
"I think that 23 years after the fall of communism the state should be capable of bringing them to justice," he told the Czech newspaper Mlada Fronta Dnes. "Although it all happened decades ago the people who were duped still carry the consequences: both mental and physical."
Investigators said that although the operation was classified top secret by the communist government some 10,000 pages of documents have survived.


issues to bring up? The film follows their struggle with the immorality of this request and how each brother chooses to deal with. Ten Days in the Valley, which would mean she wouldn't be available to shoot any more episodes.
How to create any sort of kind of social weight, an emotional kind of gravitas to the show Hayley added. The costars have been spending a ton of time together, and on Feb. Captain America films as well as a spin-off TV series, Agent Carter. So in, captain America: Civil War, he finally moves on with her much, much younger niece Sharon (played. Atwell has popped up as, agent Carter in several films in the Marvel Universe since her role. You do one character for however many months, and then you go and do the next.
Carter addressed the Captain America Sharon Carter romance during an appearance at the Dallas Comic Con Fan Expo, as reported. And now with this whole Hail Hydra business, I dont know if Steves good enough for her. Captain America: The First Avenger, a bittersweet subplot that humanized one of Marvels most unfailingly noble heroes and gave us one of the franchises greatest heroines. Its like, dont touch that. Dave J Hogan/Dave J Hogan/Getty Images "So I think azubi speed dating gelsenkirchen on the principle of it, if somebody approached me with it, I would be appropriately kind of tentative about it, because I would go, 'Well, but, you've got to convince me of why we need. Pretty Little Liars actress Chloe Bridges is dating Workaholics star Adam DeVine, according to a new report. Not to mention the fact that the critics pretty much killed it before it had even started. As played out in the MCU, though, its a weird and pointless plot development. Agent Carter seasons 1 and 2 are available to watch. ACE Comic Con Seattle, Hayley said she would only put her uniform back on if she was offered something new for her character. I mean, look her - she's not new, but she looks new.
It looks like Hayley Atwell's political drama Conviction has officially been cancelled if this new casting report is anything to. Atwell's co-star and Walking. Peggy Carter would not approve of the Captain America Sharon Carter romance, says Peggy actress Hayley Atwell. Read her comments to find out why.