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The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a representation format, based on XML, for communicating and storing computational models of biological processes. It is a free and open standard with widespread software support and a community of users and developers. SBML can represent many different classes of biological phenomena, including metabolic networks, cell signaling pathways, regulatory networks, infectious diseases, and many others. It has been proposed as a standard for representing computational models in systems biology today.

History

Late in the year 1999 through early 2000, with funding from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Hiroaki Kitano and John C. Doyle assembled a small team of researchers to work on developing better software infrastructure for computational modeling in systems biology. Hamid Bolouri was the leader of the development team, which consisted of Andrew Finney, Herbert Sauro, and Michael Hucka. Bolouri identified the need for a framework to enable interoperability and sharing between the different simulation software systems for biology in existence during the late 1990s, and he organized an informal workshop in December 1999 at the California Institute of Technology to discuss the matter. In attendance at that workshop were the groups responsible for the development of DBSolve, E-Cell, Gepasi, Jarnac, StochSim, and The Virtual Cell. Separately, earlier in 1999, some members of these groups also had discussed the creation of a portable file format for metabolic network models in the BioThermoKinetics (BTK) group. The same groups who attended the first Caltech workshop met again on April 28–29, 2000, at the first of a newly created meeting series called Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology. It became clear during the second workshop that a common model representation format was needed to enable the exchange of models between software tools as part of any functioning interoperability framework, and the workshop attendees decided the format should be encoded in XML.

The Caltech ERATO team developed a proposal for this XML-based format and circulated the draft definition to the attendees of the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology in August 2000. This draft underwent extensive discussion over mailing lists and during the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology, held in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2000 as a satellite workshop of the ICSB 2000 conference. After further revisions, discussions and software implementations, the Caltech team issued a specification for SBML Level 1, Version 1 in March 2001.

SBML Level 2 was conceived at the 5th Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology, held in July 2002, at the University of Hertfordshire, UK. By this time, far more people were involved than the original group of SBML collaborators and the continued evolution of SBML became a larger community effort, with many new tools having been enhanced to support SBML. The workshop participants in 2002 collectively decided to revise the form of SBML in Level 2. The first draft of the Level 2 Version 1 specification was released in August 2002, and the final set of features was finalized in May 2003 at the 7th Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.

The next iteration of SBML took two years in part because software developers requested time to absorb and understand the larger and more complex SBML Level 2. The inevitable discovery of limitations and errors led to the development of SBML Level 2 Version 2, issued in September 2006. By this time, the team of SBML Editors (who reconcile proposals for changes and write a coherent final specification document) had changed and now consisted of Andrew Finney, Michael Hucka and Nicolas Le Novère.

SBML Level 2 Version 3 was published in 2007 after countless contributions by and discussions with the SBML community. 2007 also saw the election of two more SBML Editors as part of the introduction of the modern SBML Editor organization in the context of the SBML development process.

SBML Level 2 Version 4 was published in 2008 after certain changes in Level 2 were requested by popular demand. (For example, an electronic vote by the SBML community in late 2007 indicated a majority preferred not to require strict unit consistency before an SBML model is considered valid.) Version 4 was finalized after the SBML Forum meeting held in Gothenburg, Sweden, as a satellite workshop of ICSB 2008 in the fall of 2008.

SBML Level 3 Version 1 Core was published in final form in 2010, after prolonged discussion and revision by the SBML Editors and the SBML community. It contains numerous significant changes in syntax and constructs from Level 2 Version 4, but also represents a new modular base for continued expansion of SBML's features and capabilities going into the future.

SBML Level 2 Version 5 was published in 2015. This revision included a number of textual (but not structural) changes in response to user feedback, thereby addressing the list of errata collected over many years for the SBML Level 2 Version 4 specification. In addition, Version 5 introduced a facility to use nested annotations within SBML's annotation format (an annotation format that is based on a subset of RDF).

The language

SBML is sometimes incorrectly assumed to be limited in scope only to biochemical network models because the original publications and early software focused on this domain. In reality, although the central features of SBML are indeed oriented towards representing chemical reaction-like processes that act on entities, this same formalism serves analogously for many other types of processes; moreover, SBML has language features supporting the direct expression of mathematical formulas and discontinuous events separate from reaction processes, allowing SBML to represent much more than solely biochemical reactions. Evidence for SBML's ability to be used for more than merely descriptions of biochemistry can be seen in the variety of models available from BioModels Database.

Purposes

SBML has three main purposes:

 enable the use of multiple software tools without having to rewrite models to conform to every tool's idiosyncratic file format;
 enable models to be shared and published in a form that other researchers can use even when working with different software environments;
 ensure the survival of models beyond the lifetime of the software used to create them.

SBML is not an attempt to define a universal language for quantitative models. SBML's purpose is to serve as a lingua franca—an exchange format used by different present-day software tools to communicate the essential aspects of a computational model.

Main capabilities

SBML can encode models consisting of entities (called species in SBML) acted upon by processes (called reactions). An important principle is that models are decomposed into explicitly-labeled constituent elements, the set of which resembles a verbose rendition of chemical reaction equations (if the model uses reactions) together with optional explicit equations (again, if the model uses these); the SBML representation deliberately does not cast the model directly into a set of differential equations or other specific interpretation of the model. This explicit, modeling-framework-agnostic decomposition makes it easier for a software tool to interpret the model and translate the SBML form into whatever internal form the tool actually uses.

A software package can read an SBML model description and translate it into its own internal format for model analysis. For example, a package might provide the ability to simulate the model by constructing differential equations and then perform numerical time integration on the equations to explore the model's dynamic behavior. Or, alternatively, a package might construct a discrete stochastic representation of the model and use a Monte Carlo simulation method such as the Gillespie algorithm.

SBML allows models of arbitrary complexity to be represented. Each type of component in a model is described using a specific type of data structure that organizes the relevant information. The data structures determine how the resulting model is encoded in XML.

In addition to the elements above, another important feature of SBML is that every entity can have machine-readable annotations attached to it. These annotations can be used to express relationships between the entities in a given model and entities in external resources such as databases. A good example of the value of this is in BioModels Database, where every model is annotated and linked to relevant data resources such as publications, databases of compounds and pathways, controlled vocabularies, and more. With annotations, a model becomes more than simply a rendition of a mathematical construct—it becomes a semantically-enriched framework for communicating knowledge.

Levels and versions

SBML is defined in Levels: upward-compatible specifications that add features and expressive power. Software tools that do not need or cannot support the complexity of higher Levels can go on using lower Levels; tools that can read higher Levels are assured of also being able to interpret models defined in the lower Levels. Thus new Levels do not supersede previous ones. However, each Level can have multiple Versions within it, and new Versions of a Level do supersede old Versions of that same Level.

There are currently three Levels of SBML defined. The current Versions within those Levels are the following:

 Level 3 Version 1 Core, for which the final Release 1 specification was issued 6 October 2010
 Level 2 Version 5 Release 1
 Level 1 Version 2

Open-source software infrastructure such as libSBML and JSBML allows developers to support all Levels of SBML their software with a minimum amount of effort.

The SBML Team maintains a public issue tracker where readers may report errors or other issues in the SBML specification documents. Reported issues are eventually put on the list of official errata associated with each specification release. The lists of errata are documented on the Specifications page of SBML.org.

Level 3 packages

Development of SBML Level 3 has been proceeding in a modular fashion. The Core specification is a complete format that can be used alone. Additional Level 3 packages can be layered on to this core to provide additional, optional features.

Hierarchical Model Composition

The Hierarchical Model Composition package, known as "comp", was released in November 2012. This package provides
the ability to include models as submodels inside another model. The goal is to support the ability
of modelers and software tools to do such things as (1) decompose larger models into smaller ones,
as a way to manage complexity; (2) incorporate multiple instances of a given model within one or more
enclosing models, to avoid literal duplication of repeated elements; and (3) create libraries of reusable,
tested models, much as is done in software development and other engineering fields.  The specification was the culmination
of years of discussion by a wide number of people.

Flux Balance Constraints

The Flux Balance Constraints package (nicknamed "fbc") was first released
in February, 2013.  Import revisions were introduced as part of
Version 2, released in September, 2015.  The
"fbc" package provides support for constraint-based modeling,<ref
name="FBA"/> frequently used to analyze and study biological networks on
both a small and large scale. This SBML package makes use of
standard components from the SBML Level 3 core specification, including
species and reactions, and extends them with additional attributes and
structures to allow modelers to define such things as flux bounds and
optimization functions.

Qualitative Models

The Qualitative Models or "qual" package for SBML Level 3 was
released in May 2013.  This package supports the representation of models where an
in-depth knowledge of the biochemical reactions and their kinetics is missing
and a qualitative approach must be used.  Examples of phenomena that have
been modeled in this way include gene regulatory networks
and signaling pathways, basing the model structure on
the definition of regulatory or influence graphs. The definition and use of
some components of this class of models differ from the way that species and
reactions are defined and used in core SBML models. For example,
qualitative models typically associate discrete levels of activities with
entity pools; consequently, the processes involving them cannot be described
as reactions per se, but rather as transitions between states. These systems
can be viewed as reactive systems whose dynamics are represented by means of
state transition graphs (or other Kripke structures ) in
which the nodes are the reachable states and the edges are the state
transitions.

Layout

The SBML layout package originated as a set of annotation conventions
usable in SBML Level 2.  It was introduced at the SBML Forum in
St. Louis in 2004. Ralph Gauges wrote the
specification  and provided an implementation that
was widely used.  This original definition was reformulated as an SBML
Level 3 package, and a specification was formally released in August,
2013.

The SBML Level 3 Layout package provides a specification for how to
represent a reaction network in a graphical form.  It is thus better tailored
to the task than the use of an arbitrary drawing or graph.  The SBML
Level 3 package only deals with the information necessary to define the
position and other aspects of a graph's layout; the additional details
necessary to complete the graph—namely, how the visual aspects are meant
to be rendered— are the purview of the separate SBML Level 3
package called Rendering (nicknamed "render").  As of November 2015, a draft
specification for the "render" package is available, but it has not yet been
officially finalized.

Packages under development

Development of SBML Level 3 packages is being undertaken such that specifications are reviewed and implementations
attempted during the development process. Once a specification is stable and there are two implementations that support it,
the package is considered accepted.  The packages detailed above have all reached the acceptance stage.
The table below gives a brief summary of packages that are currently in the development phase.

Structure

A model definition in SBML Levels 2 and 3 consists of lists of one or more of the following components:

 Function definition: A named mathematical function that may be used throughout the rest of a model.
 Unit definition: A named definition of a new unit of measure, or a redefinition of an existing SBML default unit. Named units can be used in the expression of quantities in a model.
 Compartment Type (only in SBML Level 2): A type of location where reacting entities such as chemical substances may be located.
 Species type (only in SBML Level 2): A type of entity that can participate in reactions. Examples of species types include ions such as Ca2+, molecules such as glucose or ATP, binding sites on a protein, and more.
 Compartment: A well-stirred container of a particular type and finite-size where species may be located. A model may contain multiple compartments of the same compartment type. Every species in a model must be located in a compartment.
 Species: A pool of entities of the same species type located in a specific compartment.
 Parameter: A quantity with a symbolic name. In SBML, the term parameter is used in a generic sense to refer to named quantities regardless of whether they are constants or variables in a model.
 Initial Assignment: A mathematical expression used to determine the initial conditions of a model. This type of structure can only be used to define how the value of a variable can be calculated from other values and variables at the start of simulated time.
 Rule: A mathematical expression used in combination with the differential equations constructed based on the set of reactions in a model. It can be used to define how a variable's value can be calculated from other variables or used to define the rate of change of a variable. The set of rules in a model can be used with the reaction rate equations to determine the behavior of the model with respect to time. The set of rules constrains the model for the entire duration of simulated time.
 Constraint: A mathematical expression that defines a constraint on the values of model variables. The constraint applies at all instants of simulated time. The set of constraints in the model should not be used to determine the behavior of the model with respect to time.
 Reaction: A statement describing some transformation, transport or binding process that can change the amount of one or more species. For example, a reaction may describe how certain entities (reactants) are transformed into certain other entities (products). Reactions have associated kinetic rate expressions describing how quickly they take place.
 Event: A statement describing an instantaneous, discontinuous change in a set of variables of any type (species concentration, compartment size or parameter value) when a triggering condition is satisfied.

Community

As of February 2020, nearly 300 software systems advertise support for SBML. A current list is available in the form of the SBML Software Guide, hosted at SBML.org.

SBML has been and continues to be developed by the community of people making software platforms for systems biology, through active email discussion lists and biannual workshops. The meetings are often held in conjunction with other biology conferences, especially the International Conference on Systems Biology (ICSB). The community effort is coordinated by an elected editorial board made up of five members. Each editor is elected for a 3-year non-renewable term.

Tools such as an online model validator as well as open-source libraries for incorporating SBML into software programmed in the C, C++, Java, Python, Mathematica, MATLAB and other languages are developed partly by the SBML Team and partly by the broader SBML community.

SBML is an official IETF MIME type, specified by RFC 3823.

See also

 BioModels Database
 BioPAX
 CellML
 MIASE
 MIRIAM
 Systems Biology Ontology
 Systems Biology Graphical Notation

References

External links
 SBML home page
 SBML-related presentations and posters from Nature Precedings
 COmputational Modeling in BIology NEtwork

XML markup languages
Industry-specific XML-based standards
Systems biology

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Batman: The Brave and the Bold - Deep Cover for Batman!
Home / Batman: The Brave and the Bold / Deep Cover for Batman!
The Red Hood, a hero from an alternate dimension, enlists the Dark Knight's help against the Injustice Syndicate, a team of supervillains who are doppelgangers of Batman's friends back home.


A new book offering fresh insights into the social and religious history of County Armagh, 1660-1900. Recommended by Craigavon Historical Society.
By recording the key moments of life, Parish Registers provide the essence of the local community. Baptism, marriage and burial are the landmarks of the life-cycle for each individual, except where Baptism is not sought, and matrimony not required. IN MANY ways, the registers are great democratic records as entries seldom portray an indication of the social drama which accompanied the various rites. In some instances, a baptism may have been the occasion of much feasting and rejoicing. In others, the cleric resorted to summoning two godly people near at hand to act as sponsors or witnesses. Similar diversity could accompany the rite of marriage.
The registers of each denomination demonstrate that at least four different strands of Christian worship and affiliation evolved within County Armagh. Underlying the practices and patters which emerged from the local registers are the three great events which impacted on the religion and social dispositions of the people in and around the county, viz the Reformation, the Plantation and Catholic Emancipation.
168 pages, with footnotes: An analysis of ten parish registers of four different religious denominations. Shankill Church of Ireland and Catholic churches, Seagoe Church of Ireland and Catholic churches, Church of Ireland, Catholic and Presbyterian churches, Magheralin Church of Ireland church, Tynan Church of Ireland church, Lurgan and District Quaker church.
Hardback: £15.00 and Softback: £12.00 - Postage free in UK and Republic of Ireland.


text:
Strumigenys trudifera är en myrart som beskrevs av Kempf och Brown 1969. Strumigenys trudifera ingår i släktet Strumigenys och familjen myror. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Myror
trudifera


text:
Image by Riccardo Fantoni Montana
Ethnic minorities need to come together against racism during the coronavirus pandemic
On what seemed like a typical start to the weekend, I, like many others, was searching for what my usual Friday night takeaway would be. Inspired by Michelle Chai's tweet asking others to make their weekly takeout an East Asian choice, as her family business, like so many other local restaurants, was suffering due to the racism that developed along the coronavirus outbreak, I was flicking through a vast amount of choices—ironically during the heights of stockpiling.
This is going to sound kinda mad, but this week, pls consider making your weekly takeout a Chinese takeaway. My family's businesses have all been impacted hugely by coronavirus panic 😭
— Michelle Chai 蔡詠兒 🧣 (she/her) (@winyeemichelle) March 9, 2020
Did I want Chinese, Vietnamese or Thai? Were there any halal Korean places near me? I thought. I could do with a piping hot bibimbap. That's when I looked up to see my mother's concerned face. She asked if I was really going to get a Chinese takeaway in the midst of everything. I deeply sighed yes. That's when I realised that coronaracism was affecting everyone, whether they noticed it or not. Here's why now is the time for ethnic minority communities to come together.
In my mother's defence, as an excellent cook who is against any takeout regardless of what's happening in the world, she would have questioned me the same any day of the week. Yet her moment of ignorance as a South Asian immigrant woman represents an amalgamation of overconsumption of hysterical news, political divergent tactics onto minority East Asian communities as well as good old fashion immigrant fear. It pushes people into thinking that they have to take a step back or they will somehow also end up in the 'firing line'.
Though her momentary slip—and it was a moment because who can say no to bibimbap?—was not malicious nor vindictive, it was a snapshot of ethnic minorities falling into the trap of distraction via racism. My mother, among many other people, is not blaming leaders who are in charge of our safety and security nor is she questioning why we're still having to pay mortgages when countries like Italy paused all mortgage payments due to decline in work but instead is looking to turn away from each other in a time of need.
A key explanation I gave my mother about why it's so integral we support East Asian businesses (not just Chinese businesses but also Vietnamese, Cambodian and Malaysian ones as racism has a history of being dumb and presumptuous) was the thousands of Indian restaurants that were affected by the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Indian restaurants, owned by Muslims or not, were left empty because customers didn't want to support their businesses. Regulars consciously moved away from them in case they were mistaken for being terrorist sympathisers and therefore personally viewed as less American or British.
In China, Islamophobia is currently at an all-time high and the country has recently been called out for putting Uighur Muslims in concentration camps. But locals are not the issue here and neither should they be in the UK. It would be a shame to treat people how you have known to be treated.
In an era where marching and activism became 'cool', the East Asian community has previously received slack for not participating enough. Whether that's local politics or speaking up for Black Lives Matter and other people of colour, there seems to be a lack of socio-political engagement. Chinese immigrants are usually perceived as the invisible community, they are seen to be "good immigrants" writes Wei Ming Kam in The Good Immigrant. They are "sensible, quiet, shy" so they "integrate well" but these model minorities are "not seen as humans, because we never get to be complex individuals. Our defining characteristic is generally our foreignness."
Regardless of how well you may assimilate into western cultures, blame can always be misplaced. When President Trump calls coronavirus the 'Chinese virus' on Twitter, we're watching a community being used as a scapegoat in real-time when we all know that viruses don't discriminate and definitely don't take your ethnicity into consideration. There are many more examples that can highlight this racism in times of crisis.
As ethnic minorities, we might feel that the 'easy thing' to do would be to align with white supremacy and point the finger at China in hopes that for a moment racism will forget about us and our own battles. However, what this pandemic has taught me so far is that it's an opportunity to offer generosity. We need to form a bridge where there have been cultural and religious differences and not remain silent because we are the first ones to know exactly of the consequences when no one is on the other side—how terrible it can be when the rest of humanity decides to stay quiet.
In the meantime, my last advice for you is to order that Chinese takeaway while also educating your older parents on why they shouldn't worry about their health when eating Chinese food and why they need to support their local businesses. We can be a part of the rise of communal aid. Show them that when we don't give into fearmongering, we stop accusing each other and get to the real work of rebuilding society. We take away the power over us and foster relationships that will last beyond any virus outbreak.
In need of more ways to help?
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TikTok's cam girls: the sexual side of the app dominating the FYP livestreams
By Henry Tolley
Diagnosing the 'Euphoria' fever: Why do we fetishise the high school experience?
Doctor proves stinky farts can make you go BLIND
Scientists in Thailand are working on a plant-based vaccine with tobacco leaves to tackle variants
Hollywood plant caretaker reveals celebrities' TOP SECRETS on TikTok after getting fired
Image by Alice Bibette
@AskAPoC is fighting racial stereotypes one question at a time
Shakerah Penfold has created something I haven't seen before. As the uncertainty of our times is caused by a myriad of factors—be it unprecedented Brexit proceedings, politicians showing their prejudice across national TV or the rise of hate crime towards minorities—this hostile air can make communities feel polarised and divided. The @AskAPoC Instagram account is a space on the internet where that gap shrinks. This account is where you can ask a question regarding race or stereotypes and be answered by Penfold and the @AskAPoC community. And all it costs is one British pound.
Screen Shot magazine sat down with Penfold to discuss how in an era of being either 'cancelled' or 'woke', asking unfiltered questions works.
On a daily basis, Penfold works performs a charitable service by pairing vulnerable people with volunteer opportunities. The founder of @AskAPoC describes herself as not having a penchant for long walks on the beach, but one for dismantling racial stereotypes and "fighting the patriarchy before breakfast". A southerner "lost up North", Penfold was inspired to create @AskAPoC when she saw a @trueblacksoul post asking white people to ask a question that they have always wanted to know the answer to. Realising this could be a regular conversation and somewhere she could direct people in her workplace (especially when they asked her 21 questions about her hair), @AskAPoC was born.
"So it's a pretty basic concept whereby curious people can send a question anonymously to the page and it's answered by myself, and/or the community that the question is aimed at," explains Penfold. Those who want to ask a question, have to first donate to the charity founded among Penfold and her friends called Food For Thought SL. The money from platforms such as @AskAPoC goes to building sustainable development projects in a village called Robuya in Sierra Leone. After the money is donated, you can then direct message the account and Penfold will share the question and her answer and then give it up to the floor (the @AskAPoC Instagram community) to chime in as well.
Though the questions are largely asked by white women and answered largely by women of colour, the audience for @AskAPoC is diverse, and Penfold and her team don't know what the race of the quizzers are unless their question reveals it. Was she afraid of creating an echo chamber with her views front and centre? "I wish!" says Penfold over email—I can almost hear her passion over Gmail. "The page is called @AskAPoc, meaning that only people of colour need to answer. However, we still get a LOT of non-people of colour answering and taking up space so there are no chances of an echo chamber."
No questions, just answers
With accounts such as @AskAPoC, it's important to remember that people of colour as a whole are not a monolithic group. Even the phrase 'people of colour' is debated on widely, as it implies that white people make the norm and everyone else the are 'others'. "In fairness, even without that input, people of colour are all raised in different societies and cultures so there's always conflicting answers. I say go with whichever answer feels right to you," adds Penfold.
Having experienced racism in the past, and having had to explain why macro and microaggressions are not acceptable for Z, Y, and X reasons, I know the emotional toll racism can take first hand. Therefore, discovering @AskAPoC, I initially thought it's only fair that the minimum should be to donate to a charity first. But then I thought, why is it always the work of women of colour, and especially black women, to undo ignorance? The intellectual, social, and mostly emotional labour Penfold and her community do regularly is not a small task, especially as the @AskAPoC community grows.
"Sometimes it feels emotionally draining, especially when non-people of colour are in the comments trying to justify or push their own agenda," says Penfold when I ask if this all feels too heavy to carry. The founder also mentions how yes, there are frequently asked questions that are disheartening such as "Why can't I wear my hair in braids?" and "Why can't I say the N-word?". "However, it's always balanced when I get emails saying how much someone loves the page and how much they have learned from it". What Penfold really teaches through @AskAPoC is to spot the intention behind a question. Not all of us live in cosmopolitan cities nor do we all have the same experiences; therefore, being considerate within the @AskAPoC community is imperative, and it works both ways.
It's also a space to understand how valid black and brown reactions are regardless of the intent.
I don't believe that people of colour can undo a systemically racist system that continues to undervalue us by the spreading of information only, especially if those stories fall on defensive and deaf ears. Nor do I think we should expect that this is a task for people of colour to undertake on their own. However, what accounts such as @AskAPoC do is allow an open conversation to take place, and, essentially, share hope in what can feel like dire times.
Though black and brown bodies and minds have every reason to be angry at the mistreatment of their communities, their marginalisation also tends to evoke profound compassion, knowing what it's like to be pushed aside. It's this empathy that has taught Penfold and her community so much about humanity. "People are so willing to be educated and people like to help others learn. I think that's beautiful, especially in the world we live in. I love how a community of people of colour who may have faced so much ignorance in their lives have not hardened their hand, but draw on those experiences to try and stop it happening to their fellow sister or brother."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Work in Amsterdam at These Top Co-Working Spaces
Amsterdam isn't exactly the first city that comes to your mind when it comes to business, is it? But that's not fair! Though it's not as big of a business hub as the likes of London, Paris, or New York, the people here still hustle and bustle every day. In fact, some might even busier than the ones in the more famous major cities. You'll only need to look into their great co-working spaces to see just how busy the people are here. And if you're here for work, you just might want to check them out too!
Workspace 6
You couldn't get any more hipster at Workspace 6. Located on the trendy street of Tussen de Bogen, this place is far from the standard co-working spaces in other countries. Here, not only do you get the regular facilities and special amenities, but there's also a mini art gallery and a music room to boot. Those alone will tell you that this is a place for creatives, however, there's no stopping corporate freelancers to work here and exercise their own creativity on their break times. All in all, Workspace 6 provides a comfortable and open (in every sense of the word) office.
The Thinking Hut
One of the oldest of its kind, The Thinking Hut has two locations wherein visitors can easily access the open space. In fact, if you can get a day pass for yourself, you get practically get first access to its many amenities, which include private rooms for meetings, solo desks, the latest technology, and more. And if you become a member, you'll also get invited to their many workshops and networking events. Though it started out as an extra space for freelancers, The Thinking Hut has cultivated its own community of creatives and entrepreneurs. One that you might like to join!
StartDock
Right smack in the city center, StartDock has become one of the most popular co-working spaces in Amsterdam. With a beautiful view of the city's iconic canals, why wouldn't it be? For years, StartDock has provided a comfortable and quiet space for workers to just finish their tasks in peace. this is made even easier with their strong internet connection, free coffee and tea, and ample spaces for conference calls and meetings. Though they also value a sense of community here. So much so that every day, they encourage people to have lunch together instead of isolating themselves into their own corners.
Mindspace Dam
When you go to the co-working space set by the famous Dam Square, you'd probably see a classic house that looks like your typical Amsterdam tourist spot. However, it's far from it. In this preserved building lies Mindspace Dam, an easily accessible open office in the heart of the city. Above everything else, people value comfort here the most. Where else will you find a co-working space that has a parking space for your bike, offers up their own selection of coffees, and even allows you it's shower within their premises? Nowhere near here, most probably!
Merkspace
Similarly, Merkspace is also housed in a classic Dutch building, but here, it's all about peace and serenity. And it's sort of ironic too, considering that the location of the co-working space is right smack in the middle of the capital. But despite its busy location, Merkspace has become a quiet haven for freelancers and independent professionals to work all day long without being disturbed. Even its private garden is as tranquil as ever! In terms of facilities, they have your standard meeting rooms and private desks, but all are upgraded with state-of-the-art video systems, printing services, and the like.
Meet Berlage
Out of all of Amsterdam's neighborhoods, who would have thought that Oudebrugsteeg will house one of their finest co-working spaces? The area isn't exactly the Dutch capital's business district, but Meet Berlage has certainly transformed it into a welcoming place for professionals. With 24/7 access, just about any freelancer or professionals can go in and work at their great desks and tables. A startup team can meet up at any hour of the evening to hold an emergency late-night meeting. And since it's located near Centraal Station, it's easy to get here via train, taxi, or bus. Talk about accessibility!
Hackers & Founders
Did you and your friends recently start your own tech company? Surely, you don't have your own office space to call your own, right? Not to worry! There's still 'Hackers and Founders' up on Herengracht. This place has everything you'll need to begin working on your tech startup. State-of-the-art equipment where you can work on your new app service? Check! Ample space for meetings on how to develop your new product? Check! Even a cabinet where you can keep your invention in the meantime? Check! Also, don't overlook their monthly events where you can network with other professionals in your area of expertise!
BounceSpace
Just by its name, you'd think this was an inflatable castle set up for a kid's birthday party! Though it's not exactly that, BounceSpace is as fun! Set inside a beautifully restored factory building, the place looks more like an enlarged coffee shop than a typical co-working space. And what's fun about this open office? Well, the ground-floor alone has its own espresso bar for your caffeine needs and an actual hair salon if you're in need of a quick cut. It's the upper floors that house your standard desks, tables, meeting rooms, and more! But that's not to say they're not fun themselves!
Amsterdam may not be the biggest business hub in the world, but it's getting there. In fact, the next big company to take over the world might have had its start in the many co-working spaces found in the Dutch capital!
What's also abundant in the city are luxury apartments. Accommodations in Amsterdam might be a dime a dozen, but it's first-class ones that you'll need to find and book yourself in order to have a great stay here!
AMSTERDAM PROPERTY LISTING
Amstelveen Jan van Amstel
99 € / night
Amsterdam - Robin Apartment
Amsterdam - Apartment Amstel View
Amsterdam - Boutique 2-Bedroom
2 bedrooms 1 bathroom 4
Amsterdam - Apartment Lex B
Amsterdam - Wieger Apartment
Amstelveen Corneille
Amsterdam - Apartment Ellen
Amsterdam - Catherine Apartment
Amstelveen Karel Appel


Sometimes "enhanced interrogation" doesn't feel like torture until you see it happening to someone you can relate to.
Holder was at home catching up on his reading when he came across an article in Vanity Fair magazine by Christopher Hitchens, in which the writer and critic described what it was like to be waterboarded. Hitchens had arranged to be 'abducted' by a team of security contractors in a rural part of North Carolina. They hooded him, placed him in a dark room, and strapped him to a sloping board, positioned so that his head was lower than his heart. They placed a thick towel over his hooded face and proceeded to pour water into his nostrils, a managed-drowning technique.
After reading the article, Holder viewed the accompanying video online, at Vanity Fair's website. He sat in his study, engrossed in the macabre spectacle. Hitchens lasted for fewer than ten seconds before asking for mercy, sputtering and gagging as the cloth used in the demonstration was removed from his mouth. Watching the video, Holder was both mesmerized and repulsed. Over the next few weeks he plunged into classified reports and briefings on the CIA's interrogation program. He was increasingly convinced that he would need to launch an investigation, or at least a preliminary inquiry to determine whether a full-blown probe was warranted.
Torture critics, however, will be quick to point out that whatever effect this video had on Holder, it wasn't enough to harden his spine in the face of pressure from hawks in Congress. In June of last year, Holder ended the Justice Department's wide-ranging probe into the CIA's interrogation, rendition and detention practices as Gen. David Petraeus was confirmed as the next CIA director. "The department has determined that an expanded criminal investigation of the remaining matters is not warranted," Holder said in a statement. At the time, critics such as House Intelligence Chairman Mike Rogers praised the move. "I hope that this decision will allow our intelligence professionals to move forward with their critical work free from the chilling effect of further investigation and with the deserved full confidence of the American people." But it meanwhile left civil libertarians bristling that CIA officials who abused detainees wouldn't be brought to justice.


A bathroom has many purposes; in the morning, it should motivate and inspire you for the day ahead, whilst in the evening, it should be a sanctuary to relax and unwind. At Park Street Interiors, we can work with you to provide a quality bathroom which has the perfect medium. From accessories to complete fitted bathrooms, we offer a comprehensive choice to suit every taste.
Our luxury bathroom designs are constantly changing and we have an impressive range on display. If you are looking for traditional, we've got it, or if you're looking for art deco, we've got that too.
Or if you're unsure, our expert bathroom designers in Surrey are on hand to advise and guide you through the process. A home visit can even be arranged.
We are also extremely proud to be appointed as a main dealer and supplier of Duravit bathrooms, Villeroy bathrooms & Boch bathrooms - as well as being a Hansgrohe Centre of Excellence.


Hi i am in sec 1 and i am in choir.I enjoy singing but my conductor is so fierce! Everytime i sang wrongly or sing the wrong note he would be very impatient and start to scream or scold. He is hot tempered. 😔 I am so scared. Such a small mistake also want to scold. Only when i have a conductor that is not hot tempered and very kind, my CCA would be fun and relaxing without stress and pressure. But i enjoy singing. How to handle this kind of scary conductor?
if u want cca with no stress and pressure, how abt librarian?
i feel you should just quit and join other CCA.


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Illuminati / Islam / Religion / Subcontinent / Symbolism / Terrorism / Unreported News
The Strange Case of the Jihadi with a Satanic Tattoo
by Hamad Subani · September 2, 2015
Last Updated on July 1, 2019
On 15th December 2012, a team of nine "terrorists" attacked Peshawar International Airport. Armed to the teeth, the attackers hit the airport with rockets, killing four civilians and injuring many more. There would have been huge casualties if they had managed to enter the Airport, and maybe even damage to civilian aircraft. But thanks to the alertness of security personnel, they failed to do so. Five of the attackers were killed in the ensuing gun battle. But two of them appeared to be Caucasian, and one of these two had a Satanic tattoo and a gold tooth, both of which are prohibited in Islam. And both of which are alien to the culture of that region.
The Satanic tattoo in question, on the back of the dead Caucasian attacker. He also had a gold tooth.
Note: Video has been "removed."
Pakistani press coverage in Urdu language.
The half-built home in which they were holed up in.
Pakistani security forces look at the dead body an attacker.
The airport runway.
Fighting near the airport.
Yet Another dead body.
The last dead body.
Not Suicide Bombers
These two, along with another attacker, seemed to have no intention of dying, as they were not wearing suicide vests like the others. But it seems they got killed when a car bomb they were setting up to break through the Airport security perimeter exploded prematurely. To quote,
However, Zahid Khan, a police explosives expert, said it appeared that three of the militants were accidentally killed when the car bomb they used to try to break through the airport wall exploded.
Unclear Motives
While the Pakistani Airforce has a presence at this airport, it was still largely a civilian airport. It is unclear why the militants (if they were genuine militants) would target the airport even though drone strikes were being organized from elsewhere, such as the PAF Base in Quetta.
Identities remains a Mystery
In the immmediate aftermath of the attack, no group came forward to take credit. But later, the attack was attributed to the Pakistani Taliban by some sources. The BBC also peddled this claim.
In the latest development, the Pakistani Taliban have claimed responsibility for the attack. "We carried out this suicide attack, we will carry more such attacks on this airport," banned Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan told AFP by telephone from an undisclosed location.
A contradictory claim emerged later on, pinning the responsibility on Al-Qaida.
An al-Qaeda group was involved in one of the most deadly attacks on Peshawar airport, which killed at least 19 people including 10 militants and injured several others, security sources said on Friday. According to the sources, Badar Mansoor group, an al-Qaeda group of Punjabi-origin people, sent 10 fighters to attacks the airport. Qari Hammad of the group planned the attack. Hammad also threatened more attacks on the airport just after the attack concluded. Speaking from the unidentified location, Hammad threatened to send 10 more suicide bombers to launch an assault on the airport again within weeks.
In 2014, the BBC claimed that Uzbek Jihadis were behind the attacks. Maybe the BBC wanted to assuage doubts about the non-native complexion of the two dead attackers.
A militant group based in Pakistan's tribal areas, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), says its fighters carried out the audacious attack on Karachi's international airport.
Lame attempts to explain the Tattoos
The International Mainstream Media deliberately avoided any mention of the tattoo. The only photo of the tattoo in Western media surfaced in a Yahoo News Story. The photo was credited to KHURAM PARVEZ/REUTERS. A description of the photo was given as follows:
A tattoo is seen on the back of a Taliban militant who was killed during a gun battle in Peshawar December 16, 2012. Militants holed up in a half-built house in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar traded gunfire with police on Sunday after taking part in an attack on a nearby airport the previous night, officials said. REUTERS/Khuram Parvez.
The news story is no longer online. You can find it on archive.org.
But back in Pakistan, images of the tattoo went viral, and several Pakistani news outlets lamely attempted to assuage doubts that the attacker could still be Muslim. To quote,
Some of these fighters bear tattoos. Some with Jihadist themes but also some that they had from before they became radicalised and decided to wage holy war. For example there was the very well publicised (at least in the UK) case of British soldiers being surprised to find a Taliban fighter they killed a couple of years ago had a tattoo of English Premeier League Football team Aston Villa.
And the famous Australian Taliban David Hicks who fought against the American invasion and was captured and spent several years in Guantanamo Bay before being released had satanic tattoos from the days he dabbled in Satanism before he embraced Islam. He also used to drink heavily and do drugs before he started attending a mosque and changed his ways. Obviously tattoos are ingrained for life and can't be removed without extensive plastic surgery which one is unlikely to find in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.
But in this case, the tattoo was not that of a football team. It was an unusual Satanist tattoo. And what about the gold tooth? David Hicks was not a genuine Taliban fighter. He was some kind of Intelligence operative. This is confirmed by the fact that he now lives as a free man in Sydney, publishing an autobiography, while his counterparts either ended up dead or will be detained indefinitely. Hicks is usually an elitist surname. Even the Taliban had grown suspicious of him because of his laziness in observing Muslim prayer. Also note that the Western tattoo industry as we know it, with its specialized inks and artists, is alien to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Ladies do have their hands tattood there, but with a non-permanent, reddish dye made of henna.
We now see a pattern of Western Taliban fighters connected to Intelligence Agencies also being Satanists, and proudly sporting Satanist tattoos.
The Satanist Tattoo
Satanist tattoo on Taliban fighter
A USMC Recon Force Tattoo
Another USMC Recon Force Tattoo
A USMC Skull Tattoo
USMC-semperfi-car
Another USMC Skull Tattoo
A USMC Semper Fi tattoo
A 5th Group Emblem etched on a weapon.
Some alternative news websites found resemblance between the tattoo on the attackers back and those used by personnel of the United States Marine Corps. While it is true that some USMC operatives do have similar tattoos, we are of the opinion that the tattoo is exclusively Satanic, just like the one(s) David Hicks had.
Look closely at the tattoo again, and compare it with the following Satanic tattoos.
Tattoo of Baphomet-human skull hybrid
Tattoo of Baphomet inlaid in a circle.
Tattoo of Baphomet with a human skull
Tattoo of Baphomet.
Another Tattoo of Baphomet.
The sigil of Baphomet. The Official symbol of the Church of Satan. ® Church of Satan.
When the goat head is inlaid in a Pentagram, it forms a Satanic symbol known as the Sigil of Satan. The Sigil of Baphomet is trademarked to the Church of Satan. To quote the Church of Satan,
The Church of Satan did file for (1981) and then received (1983) a trademark which protects the use of the Sigil of Baphomet with the words "Church of Satan." The Church of Satan therefore has the legal right to place the ® symbol meaning "registered trademark" next to this combination of symbol and words. This trademark also prohibits anyone from using something similar in combination of name and symbol, which could constitute an illegal dilution or blurring of the trademark.
Note the goat horns, goat ears, and smaller lower horns on the tattoo of the Taliban attacker.
Now take a look at this image found on an official website of Freemasonry (Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon). Credit goes to a Pakistani commenter.
This image is found on an official Freemasonry Website (Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon).
Another Pakistani commenter managed to find the original source image used in creating the tattoo on the Taliban fighter's back. It seems the tattoo artist omitted the left hand of Satan as well as Adam and Eve (whom Satan is seen tempting) because it would make the tattoo too complex.
Original image used for creating the tattoo found by a Pakistani commenter.
The original image was drawn by Peruvian artist Boris Vallejo and is offered for tattooing by several tattoo shops in USA. You can purchase a signed copy from his official website.
The original image was drawn by Peruvian artist Boris Vallejo and is offered for tattooing by several tattoo shops in USA. The artist currently lives in USA and for $30, you can get a signed copy of this drawing (Item Code: B-477) entitled "Demon Hands" from his website. We have to agree that the name is apt. For surely, the attacker was clearly in demon hands.
The original drawing is the work of Peruvian-American artist Boris Vallejo, and is used by several tattoo shops in the United States. For $30, you can get a signed copy from his official website. © 2015 Boris Vallejo and Julie Bell. Fair Dealing.
Bodies?
It would be interesting to know what happened to the bodies of these three attackers. If they were high ranking Intelligence operatives like David Hicks, the bodies would be secretly whisked out of Pakistan, and they would get state funerals. But if they were contractors or other low-life scum, nobody would claim them. And their families would probably care less (if they had families), although their families would still gleefully pocket any available compensation.
"All we know at this point is that there was a helicopter crash in Afghanistan, and no soldiers on board survived. Your son was confirmed to be on board."
Tags: 9/11Department of TerrorismInside JobJoohadOsama Bin LadenPakistanPutting USA back into USAMASeptember 11th 2001 (9/11)
Whynot says:
If Satan is punishing sinners, then he must be on the side of christ. What I like about satanism is it doesn't preach Oh you should feel guilty because you enjoy sex. And if you get a little kinky, you have to go tell some pervert in a dark box (priest) all about it,then pray for an hour. That you will never enjoy kinky sex again, knowing once you leave the house of pervs (catholic church) your going to your MISTRESS house praying to her Godess. I just left the house of perv and I'm horny as The Devil
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It's Carnival season, which is historically the time between Twelfth Night (Epiphany) and Ash Wednesday. In 2012, the dates for the season are January 7th to February 21st. For the majority of us here in central Iowa, Carnival goes mostly unnoticed until we hear the revelry of those celebrating in New Orleans or see the brightly colored krewe parades on TV. After reading a passage in a nineteenth century diary, I wondered about the origins of Mardi Gras and how much Iowans would know about what I always assumed was a giant street party. I was delighted with what I found out.
In previous posts on this blog I have referred to the diary of Sarah Gillespie Huftalen of Manchester, Iowa. I may not have made mention that her mother, Emily Hawley Gillespie, was a great diarist, something she passed on to her daughter. Because we represent a 1900 farm, I reference Sarah's diary a lot as Emily dies in 1888. Still, there is much valuable material about Victorian Iowa in Emily's diary. One passage in particular stuck out to me.
I immediately caught on to the concept of the Masquerade and Emily's lament for missing the pleasure. It is in her reflection that she has the wisdom to see pleasure in other things like her children. Emily writes this passage at age 35, with clarity of age. I still wondered about the Masquerade and what kind of party it would be in the small town of Manchester, Iowa, in 1874. To me the concept of a masquerade is associated with two things, The Phantom of the Opera and Mardi Gras. While Phantom started as a serial in France in the first decade of the 20th it is not made popular until film and stage adaptations bring it into the mainstream. That left Mardi Gras. I wondered how long what I thought was just one city's street festival had been celebrated.
The timeline of Carnival and Mardi Gras tradition stretched back much further than I anticipated. My search started at neworleansonline.com and moved on from there. From what I've gathered, Carnival is a season to celebrate excess and lavishness before the austerity of Lent begins in the Christian tradition on Ash Wednesday. It has traditionally been marked by debauchery and this was true even in Victorian times, though by scale it was more coy in the celebrations of the 19th century.
Mardi Gras celebrations seem to have begun as early as New Orleans was incorporated as an outpost. Many French traditions were brought to the colony, but the tradition of Mardi Gras transformed on its own. As early as 1837, mule-drawn carriages were parading to celebrate the spirit of Carnival. In the post-Civil War New Orleans, Mardi Gras traditions continued to build. Organization came in 1872 when Russian royalty actually visited the city during Mardi Gras. At that time the Rex Organization formed (rexorganization.com). It still exists today. During Victorian times, members of various krewes (carnival clubs and organization) paraded through the streets threw lavish invitation-only masquerade balls. (Even these invitations have become historic memorabilia) At these balls a King and Queen of Mardi Gras are announced. Rex has records from the 1900 ball that state the theme of "Terpsichore" for revelry of 1900. Captain Thomas J. Woodward and Rosalie Febiger were crowned King and Queen that year. This tradition of royalty dates back to 1872 with the organization. To look at the old records or find out more, visit the website above.
Perhaps we should all take Mr. Twain's advice and journey this week to New Orleans to help Rex celebrate his 150th birthday, and take in the traditions of Mardi Gras that have carried on through generations.
Great post! I had no idea Masquerades were part of Mardi Gras celebrations in Iowa. If 35 year old Emily thought she was past her Masquerade days, I wonder who went and what they wore.
Kate – I found it really interesting that Mardis Gras went back that far as well. It is difficult to say if Emily's masquerade was actually a celebration of Mardi Gras because most of the information I found on the celebration was in New Orleans, but thanks to Mark Twain, Iowans were at least aware of the holiday. Thanks for reading!


Enter your College user name (followed by @academic.rrc.ca), enter your password, click Sign in, and then click Outlook.
On the left‑hand pane, click More.
Right‑click on Inbox (or any other folder where you would like to create a subfolder), and then click Create new subfolder.
Type a name for the subfolder, and then press Enter.
To add the newly created subfolder to your Favorites, right‑click the folder, and then click Add to Favorites.
Your new subfolder will appear in your Favorites.


text:
Local Job Searches
Best New Jobs in Bismarck, North Dakota
Patty Inglish MS
Aurora Borealis | Source
North Dakota - Insurance, Healthcare and Government
North Dakota may sound far flung and cold, but it is the home to many friendly people and successful companies that are growing in order to provide additional jobs to area residents. The seasons offer spring and summer weather along with the usual warm-weather activities, along with winter sports in colder seasons.
Bismarck ND is one of the Top 25 Small Cities in America for Jobs and Business and it is a good place to relocate if you are interested in beginning or advancing a career in Healthcare or Insurance.
Travel Nursing and other healthcare "Travelers" are paid higher wages and extra benefits, including rent or mortgage for up to 12 months when they come to North Dakota from a travel nursing agency. RNs. LPNs, a variety of therapists and techs, and physicians are needed in the Travel Healthcare Industry and there may be a job in Bismark for you if you wish to become part of it.
Native Oil Fields
New Town and Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota Oil Boom Produces Oil for all of North America -- New Town projected a need for 500 new oil wells by 2015 and much of western North Dakota boomed with increasing population and jobs.
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Bismarck ND - State Capital:
Bismarck, ND, USA
Mandan ND - Part of Greater Bismarck, named after Native American Nation:
Mandan, ND 58554, USA
New Town ND (Williston Basin):
New Town, ND 58763, USA
Largest Employers in Greater Bismarck
The Largest Employers in Bismarck include the following list. It is comprised of Healthcare, Government, Manufacturing, and Education employers.
Q & R Clinic - Also the 7th largest employer in the state of North Dakota.
Sanford HealthMedcenter One Health Systems
St. Alexius Medical Center
Bob Cat Company - Farm Equipment
IR Bobcat - Excavating
Mid-Dakota Clinic
North Dakota State Government
Bismarck Public Schools
Top 10 Hot Jobs Expected 2015 - 2025
Office/Administrative Support - especially in Healthcare, Sales, Insurance, and Government.
Sales & Related Occupations
Managers - all levels in several industries
All Food & Beverage Prep/Service Jobs
Transportation/Material Moving
Production & Manufacturing - largely farm and excavation equipment.
Construction and Extraction
Healthcare Practitioners and Technicians - including Travelers, mentioned above.
Education & Training, and Library jobs
Personal Care/Service jobs
Additional High Demand Jobs:
Computer/IT related jobs
Architecture and Engineering - especially Alternative Energy Sources and Green Building for sustainability
Business & Financial Operations - Insurance and other
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Jobs
High Demand Jobs 2016 - 2017
Truck Driving and related occupations
Healthcare Staff
Information Technology - Engineers and Analysts
Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and Technicians
Management Job Manufacturing jobs
Major Hiring Companies
Perkins & Marie Callender's
Swift Transportation Company
Apple Core Enterprises
SpartanNash
St. Alexius Health
Supplemental Healthcare
Food Service: Pizza Hut, McDonalds
Dunafon Enterprises
United States Army National Guard
Starion Financial
University of Mary
Sears, Roebuck and Co. / Sear Holding
Higher Education in the Greater Bismark Area
Bismarck State College (BSC) is a community college that offers 30+ Associate Degrees and Certificates in various vocational/technical studies. The first two years is directly transferable to a bachelor's degree in arts or sciences as well.
Medcenter One College of Nursing accepts students in their junior year for a two-year bachelor's degree in nursing.
Minot State University offers four-year degree programs in criminal justice, social work, management, and psychology; it also offers nine online degrees.
The University of North Dakota (UND) Graduate Center offers master's programs in education, business administration, social work, and public administration; students can enroll in online, evening, and weekend classes.
The associated UND School of Medicine offers the four-year MD degree.
The University of Mary is a private Christian school for four-year degrees in 30+ programs and more in graduate degrees in nursing, management, education, and physical therapy.
St. Alexius Medical Center is the site of two schools: the North Dakota School of Respiratory Care and St. Alexius School of Radiologic Technology.
The United Tribes Technical College is a successful intertribal college that is entirely owned and operated by five Native American Nations. The college offers Associate degrees and certificates in many studies, adult education, and on-site daycare. (Please see highlights below.)
National Energy Center of Excellence at Bismarck State College
Sports Opportunities
Many of the following sporting organiztions list Employment Opportunities on their web sites form time to time.
Bismarck Bobcats Hockey - VFW Sports Center
Dakota Wizards Basketball - Bismarck Civic Center
Bismarck Soccer League
Capital City Soccer Club
National Junior College Athletic Association - Bismarck State College Mystics and the United Tribes Technical College Thunderbirds
Rocky Mountains. | Source
Native American Oil Wells and Education
United Tribes Technical College (UTTC)
The Native American Nations associated with this community college host the annual United Tribes International Powwow on the college campus.
This powwow occurs in Lone Star Arena as a premier cultural event and recognized festival in North Dakota. The event has been awarded many related awards.
This powwow represents more than 70 different Native American Nations and smaller groups and showcases 1500 dancers and drummers each year to thousands of spectators.
Major nations in North Dakota that attend the pow wow include the Devils Lake Sioux (Mni Wakan Oyate), the Standing Rock Sioux, The Three Affiliated Tribes on the Fort Berthold Reservation, and the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa
The college supports the efforts of the Workforce Investment Act in securing education and employment for the people of the Greater Bismarck Area and the Northern Plains Bison Education & Research Project.
This project is put forth to protect wildlife and to increase the herds of American Bison in North Dakota and the rest of the Great Plains, while maintaining Indigenous humane uses for the animals. The project also facilitates distance learning among native and all other populations.
The United Tribes Technical College Tribal Analytical Institute serves the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations (the three major oil-owning native Americans in the state), Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, Standing Rock Sioux, Spirit Lake Nation, and Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate in sustainability in indigenous-owned industry and business and programs.
An effective training program for sustainability called Leadership Solutions is also a valuable part of UTTC. Several pages of jobs are available online or examination and application at www.uttc.edu/hr/openings.
The Three Affiliated Tribes - Owner of Many Oil Wells
Mandan Nation | Source
Hidatsa Warrior. | Source
Bear's Belly, Arikara man. | Source
Fort Berthold Reservation/New Town
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Fort Berthold Reservation:
Fort Berthold Reservation, Fort Berthold, ND, USA
UTTC has discovered as many Sami as there are "Eskimos" (Inuits and related) in the far North, about 100,000 people each. The Sami and related peoples use the reindeer, where their western relatives use the Bison in Native American and Circumpolar cultures.
— Patty Inglish, author
UTTC Council
The UTTC has researched the facts behind the relatedness of all Circumpolar Peoples, particularly the Sami of Northern Europe and Russia with Native Americans of the Northern Plains and First Nations of Canada.
UTTC has done this, spurred on by music studies in 2008 of the Sami singing group called Daughters and Sons of the Sun, which includes Mr. Ánte Mikkel Gaup and two daughters Sara Marielle and Lena Susanne from Samiland.
Colleges and Universities in Bismarck, North Dakota
by Cari Jean8
Attractions Along River Road in Bismarck, North Dakota
by Cari Jean10
Midwestern U.S. Jobs
Jazz And Jobs In Kansas City, Missouri
by Patty Inglish MS14
Why Bismarck, North Dakota is a Great Place to Live
What to Do in Bismarck
by Chris Price0
Chicago Job Market to 2024
by Patty Inglish MS4
Chicago City Review: Business and Jobs
Indiana Business and Jobs
Glad to see it happening! We lived in Bismarck for 7 years back in the 60's. Good place to bring up the kids, good schools and a very crime free place to live. North Dakota definitely has a bright future, especially considering the Bakken oil deposits which are vital to the economic future of the entire nation. Maybe the new saying should be "Go North young man!"
10 years ago from USA and Asgardia, the First Space Nation
To be sure, it is likely windy in the winter. Beautiful, though. More are coming! :)
Netters
10 years ago from Land of Enchantment - NM
If only it wasn't so cold there. Thank you for the article. Keep them coming.


Block Pop-up Ads on Android:- While browsing most of the anime or video streaming website that are hosting movies on the internet you have definitely encountered pop-up ads like hell. By hell i mean a lot of pop-up ads that will be shoot out one by one by clicking on only one link which makes you super frustrated to close them and for once you have wished about the ads to disappear permanently from your browser. Well these ads might have hinder your but you have to know that website such as anime or those video streaming website are making money using the same kind of ads which helps them to focus on their work much harder and it's also helpful to maintain the website on internet.
Many website users does not known the fact about the pop-up advertisement and after listening to the fact many users remove the adblocker on the website to show some love to website users and support the website but still there are many users in the world that does not like the idea of showing support to the blogger hard work and continue to block the advertisement. But on the list of those users there are users who allow pop-up ads to be lock for quite some-time so they could not get in the way of watching their popular videos or browsing the content in website and reactivate the pop-up ads it again when the interested content is finished.
Open your default web browser that is a part of operating browser. Just look for browser in app section and tap on it.
Once its open tap on three dot lines given at top right side of browser screen and on pop-down ad tap on SETTINGS.
On Settings page go to ADVANCED.
On Advanced page tap on Activate Pop-Up Ads to Block.
Open Chrome browser and tap on three dot lines on top of the page and then tap on SETTINGS.
On Settings page tap on SITE SETTINGS.
On site settings tap on POP-UP.
Now activate the pop-up ads on disable it.
There are plenty of app that are providing services to block ads on your browser but if you are like for recommendation then i would like to recommend an app named Free Adblocker Browser which you can found on play store. Once download activate the service to fully bock any kind of pop-up ads on your android phone.
If you have any suggestion related to the regarding the topic just leave your suggestion in the comment box.


1. The 2nd edition of India International Cherry Blossom festival has started in which state?
The 2nd edition of India International Cherry Blossom festival, which is the World's only autumn cherry blossom festival, has started on November 8, 2017 in Shillong, Meghalaya. The 4-day festival is being organized by Government of Meghalaya, Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development with support from the Indian Council of Cultural Relations. According to Meghalaya government, such festivals will not only boost tourism but also protect and preserve the forest and wildlife biodiversity. The festival has successfully attracted a large number of tourists from different parts of the country and abroad. The festival will also have guided night walks under illuminated cherry blossoms, live music, and stalls showcasing the cuisine, wine, arts and craft of the region. In it, the state government has also released the special cover of the 2nd India International Cherry Blossom Festival Postage Stamp.
2. Who has won the 2017 men's singles National Badminton Championships?
H S Prannoy has won the men's singles title at the 82nd Senior National Championship Senior National Badminton Championships in Nagpur, Maharashtra on November 8, 2017. He defeated higher ranked Kidambi Srikanth in the final by 21- 15, 16- 21, 21-7.
3. Which country to host the Organic World Congress (OWC) – 2017?
The 19th edition of Organic World Congress (OWC- 2017) will be held at India Expo Centre in Greater Noida from Nov 9-11. The International Federation of Organic Farming Movements (IFOAM) and OAFI are organizing the event where 55 seeds group from 15 Indian states will showcase 4,000 varieties of seeds. It will see the participation of 1,400 representatives from 110 countries, and 2000 delegates from India. The Organic World Congress (OWC) is organized once every three years in a different country and this time it is being organised in India. The last edition of the OWC took place in Istanbul, Turkey in 2014.
4. The Indo-Bangladesh joint military exercise "Sampriti-7" has started in which of the following states?
The Indo-Bangladesh joint military exercise "Sampriti-7" has started in its northeastern states of Meghalaya and Mizoram from November 6, 2017. This is the 7th edition of the joint training exercise, which will end on November 18. The 13-day exercise will be conducted at India's Jungle Warfare School at Vairengte in Mizoram and at the Joint Training Node at Umroi in Meghalaya. The purpose of the exercise is to enhance interoperability between the two nations and enrich from each other's experience while carrying out counter-insurgency or counter-terrorism operations.
5. Which state will be the first state to use EVMs with VVPAT machines on all booths during assembly elections?
Himachal Pradesh will be the first state to use EVMs with Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines on all booths during assembly elections. The state will go to polls on November 9, 2017 in a single phase. Over 37 thousand polling personnel's have set up 7,525 polling stations for more than fifty lakh voters in different parts of the state. The election department has identified 983 as vulnerable while 399 as critical polling stations. The polling parties have also arrived in far flung areas of Pangi in Bharmour, Bara Bhangal in Baijnath and Dodra Kawar in Rohru assembly constituencies. The Kaa polling station Kinnaur tribal assembly constituency has only six voters. In Dharmashala segment of Kangra district two polling stations will be fully handled by divyang officials.
6. Which Indian organization has developed sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay', which is successfully test fired recently?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted a flight test of its indigenously designed and developed long-range sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay', which can carry warheads of up to 300 kg. The state-of-the-art missile was successfully test-fired from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. The missile has the capability to cruise at the speed of 0.7 Mach and loiter at altitudes as low as 100 m. Powered by a solid rocket motor booster, Nirbhay missile with a turbo-fan engine is guided by a highly advanced inertial navigation system. The missile is capable of carrying 24 kinds of war weapons, the missile is able to target multiple places simultaneously. Nirbhay is very manoeuvrable and can fly at tree-top level, making it difficult to detect on radar, and strikes targets of 1,000 km away carrying nuclear warheads, giving India the capability to strike deep into enemy territory.
7. The Nokrek National Park (NNS) is located in which state?
The Nokrek National Park (NNS) is located in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya and covers an area of 47.48 square kilometres. It is an important habitat of the Asian elephants and is also an important bird area. In 2009, UNESCO added this National park to its list of Biosphere Reserves. It is noted for its wild varieties of citrus fruits that provide a gene-pool for commercially produced citrus.
8. Which city is hosting the 20th International Children's Film Festival of India (ICFFI)?
The 20th International Children's Film Festival of India (ICFFI) has started in Hyderabad on November 8, 2017 with New India- as the main theme this time. The Telangana government and Children's Film Society, India (CFSI) are jointly organizing the biennial children's event. 317 films from over hundred countries will be screened in about 40 theatres in Hyderabad and also at the district head quarters across the state. Of them, over hundred films will be screened in competition sections. Some of the popular international award-winning children's films are also brought for the festival this time. They include – Sweeden film 'SIV Sleeps Astray' Russian film Pitch', Netherlands film 'Sky', film from Germany Nelly's Adventure, Canada film 'Anthems: A Journey Around The World', film from Egypt-Wintry Spring.
9. Mary Kom has won gold medal in which category at 2017 Asian women's Boxing Championships?
Indian boxer M C Mary Kom won gold medal in 48kg category at Asian women's Boxing Championships by defeating North Korea's Kim Hyang Mi in Ho Chi Minh City of Vietnam on November 8, 2017. It is her first Asian gold medal in this category.
10. Who has been awarded with the Israel's 2018 Genesis Prize?
Natalie Portman, an acclaimed Israeli-born actress and director, has been awarded Israel's 2018 Genesis Prize in recognition of her commitment to social causes and deep connection to her Jewish and Israeli roots. It is announced by the Genesis Prize Foundation on November 7, 2017. The $1 million award, known as "the Jewish Nobel Prize," is granted each year to a person recognised as an inspiration to the next generation of Jews through professional achievement and commitment to Jewish values. Ms. Portman is the fifth winner and first woman to receive the prize.
Very nice current affairs are there. I write current affairs every day. I will say that all people must use this site. ?
Himachal Pradesh has used VVPAT ….Gujrat is also going to use it in its polls.
Well Goa is the answer for the 5 th question,,, also it is mentioned in the link you provided Nikita..


In a tough market, Renay and Russell Tandy have weathered two recessions and continued to grow by focusing on being a niche agency.
As a niche marketing communications agency, Ngage's founders Russell and Renay Tandy have had to think out the box to find and retain talented staff, win large clients and accounts, and compete against their much larger counterparts.
Here are their top five tactical lessons in building a business that has weathered two recessions while continuing to grow and prosper.
Most industries have some form of industry award programme. Russell and Renay encourage all SME owners to enter every award programme available to them. "It's a time consuming process, but it's well worth the effort," says Renay.
"We won Best Small PR Agency at the Prism Awards in 2013, and it made a huge difference to the business. It got our foot in the door with Afrox, which led to securing them as a client. Corporates like working with award-winning agencies." They also want to see that you have a track record with large corporate clients, which means one large account usually leads to more.
In addition, Renay's personal win as Best PR Professional in the same year, as well as a special mention for a project, meant that the company was able to attract a higher calibre of staff.
There's another important reason to be involved in awards programmes though — they allow you to benchmark yourself against the industry standard. "Being involved in the Prism Awards gave us an unmatched opportunity to see how the industry as a whole is performing," says Russell.
This drive to do better has led to results as well, as the team's 2014 Gold Award for a Client Campaign can attest to. "This is such a tough category or us. Our clients are B2B, and in this particular case the campaign was a Hyundai Excavator, going up against consumer brands — and we won," says Renay.
"We've become known as the agency for industry," says Russell. "It's been tempting to diversify over the years, and we did fall into the trap of adding products and services that the market didn't want or need. We needed to learn that lesson and close a few things down. Ultimately though, we've learnt that the biggest power a business can have in terms of growth is a niche focus. We're extremely good at helping industry clients grow brand awareness. We've added verticals like social media and multimedia to help our clients do this, but we've stuck to our core.
It's a well-established business truth that it's more cost effective to grow existing accounts than to find new clients. Ngage has done this by expanding its product offering and educating clients on the benefits of new media avenues.
"Social media started out as quite a hard sell for us," says Renay. "South African industry didn't see how it was relevant to them." And so Renay and her team started researching what international companies were doing.
"We wanted to stay within our niche but expand our offering, particularly for existing clients. Social media and multi-media solutions were the obvious choice, but only if they were relevant and provided our clients with real return on investment," explains Russell.
The research paid off. According to a Jonathan Wichmann case study, Maersk Line, one of the biggest shipping companies in the world, had at the time one of the largest social media presences, with over one million Facebook followers. "Your first response would be, 'why does a commercial shipping company need a social media presence?'" says Renay.
Even armed with this knowledge, Renay and Russell still had to offer it to their clients for free to get the ball rolling. "Instead of a hard sell, we decided to let the channel prove itself. The power of social media isn't in sales. It's in building brand awareness and creating connections. Prospective employees are finding out about the companies they want to work for online. Social media is an excellent way to show who you are, and what your brand stands for," says Russell.
"The biggest challenge we faced was our clients saying that their clients aren't on social media," adds Renay. "But that's not true. Companies might not be on social media, particularly in the South African B2B space, but people are. The CEO of your top account — or your top prospect's account — is probably on Facebook or Twitter at night. This is the perfect way to engage their interest outside the 'busyness' of the office.
Multimedia has worked in a similar way. Short videos say much more than pages of dry documents heavy in 'industry-speak' can do. "We've upskilled ourselves and keep everything in house, and again, we've built the division up slowly," says Russell.
Despite becoming an agency 'on the map', staff churn remains an industry-norm. "Getting noticed and attracting top talent just meant that now we had staff for other agencies to poach," says Renay. Over the years, the entrepreneurs have tried a number of staff retention tactics.
"We even separated the business into divisions, and placed someone in charge of each division," says Russell.
"They had part ownership, and we thought that would keep them motivated and loyal." Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that you can't force someone to think entrepreneurially. "When things were good it worked really well," says Renay. "But when things got tough, it stopped working. No one was willing to take the hit with the wins." Back to the drawing board then.
Ngage's core work day for senior staff is from 10am to 2pm. Employees are expected to work after hours as well, but they never sit in traffic, and they're able to go to crossfit at 3pm or spend more time with their kids. "We've had to be completely transparent to make it work," says Renay.
"If someone isn't pulling their weight, they lose the privilege of flexi-time. Most will do anything to maintain it, and so you actually get better performing employees." Junior and admin staff get one admin day off a month.
This is perhaps the most important tactic that Russell and Renay have used throughout their ten years in operation. "We don't lock clients into their contracts. Agencies typically have long cancellation periods," says Russell.
"You have teams working on an account, and if it's a large account then those resources are 100% dedicated to that client. The problem is that these terms leave a bad taste in a client's mouth, particularly if they need to cancel to save costs. No one likes admitting that they're trimming their budgets, or that times are tough. The result is uncomfortable and often unpleasant conversations and bad breaks within the client/agency relationship.
People do business with people, not companies. The easier you make it for clients to work with you, the more they'll want to give you their business — even if they've had to cancel a contract in the past.
Nadine Todd is the Managing Editor of Entrepreneur Magazine, the How-To guide for growing businesses. Find her on Google+.
Hello, I found this information for you: "How Renay & Russell Tandy Have Survived 2 Recessions And Built A Successful Agency". Here is the website link: https://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/lessons-learnt/how-renay-russell-tandy-have-survived-2-recessions-and-built-a-successful-agency/. Thank you.


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Super Bowl XLIX Predictions and Picks: Seahawks vs Patriots, The Winner Is?
January 21st, 2015 Team S.U
(NFL)
Finally after a full season, and a grueling playoff grind the moment is finally upon us. Super Bowl XLIX is here. The Seattle Seahawks and the New England Patriots will vie for the title of Super Bowl Champion. The Seahawks ran through the NFC which culminated in an epic battle that ended in an overtime victory over the Green Bay Packers. The New England Patriots powered through the AFC and prepped for Glendale by demolishing the Indianapolis Colts.
Will Russell Wilson go back-to-back? Can Tom Brady add ring number four to the case? Will LeGarrette Blount or Marshawn Lynch decide the game? It is time to talk about it, it is time to lay it on the line, and it is time for the biggest football in the world. If you are just looking for Super Bowl XLIX MVP Picks you can check out Super Bowl XLIX MVP Odds, Predictions, Picks: Who will win the award?
University of Phoenix Stadium is the place, Glendale Arizona is the city, and the Lombardi Trophy is on the line. Some of the Sports Unbiased writers got together to predict the winner of Super Bowl XLIX, heck they even gave you a final score. Let's get to it.
Date – February 1st
Location – University of Phoenix Stadium
T.V. – NBC 6:30 PM ET
Radio – Westwood One
Opponents – Seattle Seahawks (12-4) vs New England Patriots (12-4)
Writer Picks
Writer Super Bowl Pick Final Score
Adam Solowiei Seattle Seahawks 31-20
JR Williams Seattle Seahawks 35-14
Keith Rivas Seattle Seahawks 34-31
Zach Bigalke Seattle Seahawks 38-17
Jeb Taylor New England Patriots 27-23
Why Seattle Will Win
Keith Rivas – Now that we have the teams who will play in Super Bowl 49 figured out, it's time to dive in to see who will become the best of the best. Two Sundays from now, Russell Wilson's boys in blue will go head to head with the dynasty that Tom Brady and Bill Belichick have built in New England.
Coming into the big game, the teams are riding on two completely different types of momentum. On the one hand, the Seahawks managed a miracle beyond comprehension against the Packers, erasing a 19-7 deficit that still stood with ten seconds to go before the two minute warning.
After a late onside kick, a wide-eyed scramble by Wilson for a touchdown, and a Hail Mary style two-point conversion, the Seahawks pushed the game to overtime and managed to make it a 22-all contest heading into the extra session. Right off the bat, Seattle marched down the field and ended the game with a 35-yard beauty thrown by Russell WIlson to Jermaine Kearse. Wow! Then you have Brady and the Patriots. All that needs to be said is that they completely unpacked everything the Indianapolis Colts tried throwing at them in the AFC Championship Game. Poor Andrew Luck…maybe next year, kid.
Now that we will get to see what an unstoppable force looks like when it hits an immovable object, I can't wait for February 1.
Zach Bigalke – Seattle has been a late-charging team that came from behind to snatch the NFC West championship and the top seed in the NFC playoffs. New England looked once again like an unstoppable force in the AFC. We have the top two seeds in the NFL field meeting up for the second straight season when the Seahawks and Patriots collide in Glendale on February 1.
Russell Wilson is bound to play a better game than he did against Green Bay, and Bill Belichick's defense is unlikely to manage four interceptions on Super Bowl Sunday. Look for Marshawn Lynch to have a big game, for the Seattle secondary to lock down on Tom Brady's options in the New England passing game, and for another unexpected big game from LeGarrette Blount.
All three of the Patriots' Super Bowl wins have come by single scores, so if this one is close in the end fortune favors the Hoodie and his crew. But this one won't be nearly as close as the overtime victory against the Packers, as Pete Carroll knocks off his former franchise to bring a second straight Lombardi Trophy to the Pacific Northwest.
JR Williams – I said it before and I'll say it again, the Seattle Seahawks are the best team in the National Football League and will decimate the Patriots en route to winning their second consecutive Super Bowl title. Why? Defense wins the game. The Seahawks have a better defensive line who should have plenty of opportunities to sack Tom Brady, placing him face-down on the field. And we all know what happens to Brady after he finds contact, it rattles his cage–he throws early and at times, overthrows the ball.
The Patriots are already under scrutiny after the NFL investigation results of 11 footballs found to be deflated after their win over the Colts. The Patriots will not be focused this game. Ladies and gentleman, the Seahawks are going to run this team off the field with a blow-out victory, 35-14.
Adam Solowiei – What an interesting matchup. You have the Seattle Seahawks who never changes who they are. They are going to play physical, pound the ball on the ground and attack on defense. Meanwhile, you have the New England Patriots who adapt their game plan based on the opponent. Sometimes it is the Tom Brady show, others it is all about LeGarrette Blount while other times it might just be about getting the proper grip.
I wanted to be a contrarian and tell you why the Patriots were going to travel to Glendale and win the Super Bowl. They clearly had a good year and just came off the systematic disposal of Andrew Luck and the Colts. I wanted to tell you that Tom Brady was going to win number four. But I just can't.
Seattle may have benefitted from a partial Green Bay collapse in the NFC Championship game but they also showed resiliency of a champion when they could have rolled over at halftime or even with five minutes left in the game. But they left the NFC Champions.
The reality is this is a game that will probably be close through three quarters. However, the front seven in New England will be worn down by Marshawn Lynch and the "keep alive ability" of Russell Wilson. The only concern I have is the health of Richard Sherman and Earl Thomas but they get an extra week to be ready.
New England will not be completely shut down but pressure on Tom Brady will do what it did to Peyton Manning last year, happy feet and jittery movement, it happens to everyone. LeGarrette Blount is solid but let's face it, the run defense in Indianapolis is inferior to that of Seattle. I can see New England's potent offense still putting up 20-24 points but that will not be enough. Look for clutch play from a quarterback that is already 10-0 against Super Bowl winning quarterbacks. Russell Wilson will make it 11.
Why New England Will Win
Jeb Taylor – Although Seattle was 7-1 with the 12th man, their team depreciated away from home. They only went 5-3, losing to three non-playoff teams, not showing the same swagger and stifling-defense they do at CenturyLink Field.
Tom Brady and the potent-Patriot offense will have a field-day in the warm Arizona weather. New England has run the ball extremely effectively lately, seeming juxtaposed against the non-existent Colts' run game they just faced. Don't be shocked if a running back determines the outcome. The New England Patriots will take Super Bowl XLIX over the Seahawks 27-23.
Who will win Super Bowl XLIX?
Want More Super Bowl 2015 Predictions? Check out the –> Super Bowl XLIX MVP Odds, Predictions, Picks: Who Will Win the Award?
2014 Super Bowl Predictions
Marshawn Lynch vs LeGarrette Blount
Russell Wilson playoff record
Russell Wilson vs Tom Brady
Super Bowl XLIX Analysis
Super Bowl XLIX Breakdown
Super Bowl XLIX comparrison
Super Bowl XLIX Date
Super Bowl XLIX Location
Super Bowl XLIX pick
Super Bowl XLIX Predictions
Super Bowl XLIX Radio
Super Bowl XLIX Schedule
Super Bowl XLIX TV
Super Bowl XLIX win pick
Team S.U
Team Sports Unbiased is a collective group of writers joining forces to bring you the best collaborative sports content on the web.
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2014 /2015 NFL Predictions- Best Teams, Surprises and Fired Coaches
2013/2014 Super Bowl Predictions
pats won lol


text:
Kuzman je priimek več znanih ljudi:

Znani slovenski nosilci priimka
Drago Kuzman, fizik
Janez Kuzman, arhitekt (Genius loci)
Jože Kuzman (*1944), vojak, publicist
Karl Kuzman (1941-2022), strojnik, univ. profesor
Marika Mihelčič (r. Kuzman), profesorica defektologije, surdopedagoginja
 Uroš Kuzman (*1984), matematik in komik
Zdenko Kuzman, tekstopisec ?

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 priimke: Kuzma, Kuzmanič, Kuzmanić, Kuzmič, Kuzmin, Küzmič ...

Znani tuji nosilci priimka
 Aleksander Kuzman (*1962), izraelsko-ruski šahovski velemojster

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