text:
Q: linebreaks in output I'm building a program that receives an input string with linebreaks through a GUI, splits it in lines, then in words, and then passes it word by word to a method I still have to implement, translate, which will somehow take a word and swap it with an appropriate one. At the moment, with the following code:
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

/**
 *
 * @author michelegorini
 */
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.LayoutStyle;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
public class HakkaTranslator extends JFrame {

    /**
     * Creates new form HakkaTranslator
     */
    public HakkaTranslator() {
        initComponents();
    }

    /**
     * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
     * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
     * regenerated by the Form Editor.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">//GEN-BEGIN:initComponents
    private void initComponents() {

        inputField = new JTextArea();
        translateButton = new JButton();
        pinyinField = new JLabel();
        hakkaCharField = new JLabel();
        mandCharField = new JLabel();

        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        translateButton.setText("Translate");
        translateButton.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent e) {

                inpText = inputField.getText();
                String[] lines = inpText.split(System.lineSeparator());
                String[][] words = new String[lines.length][20];
                for(int i=0;i<lines.length;i++){
                    words[i] = lines[i].split(" ");
                }
                for(int i=0;i<lines.length;i++){
                    for(int j = 0;j<words[i].length;j++){
                        translate(words[i][j]);
                    }
                    translate(System.lineSeparator());
                }
            }
        });

        GroupLayout layout = new GroupLayout(getContentPane());
        getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
        layout.setHorizontalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addContainerGap()
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                        .addComponent(hakkaCharField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 282, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addPreferredGap(LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                        .addComponent(mandCharField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 216, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                        .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, false)
                            .addComponent(translateButton, GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                            .addComponent(inputField, GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 252, Short.MAX_VALUE))
                        .addPreferredGap(LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                        .addComponent(pinyinField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 282, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGap(0, 0, Short.MAX_VALUE)))
                .addContainerGap())
        );

        layout.linkSize(SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL, new java.awt.Component[] {hakkaCharField, inputField, mandCharField, pinyinField});

        layout.setVerticalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addContainerGap()
                .addComponent(translateButton)
                .addPreferredGap(LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, false)
                    .addComponent(pinyinField, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(inputField, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 165, Short.MAX_VALUE))
                .addPreferredGap(LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addComponent(hakkaCharField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 136, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(mandCharField))
                .addContainerGap(177, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );

        layout.linkSize(SwingConstants.VERTICAL, new java.awt.Component[] {hakkaCharField, inputField, mandCharField, pinyinField});

        pack();
    }// </editor-fold>//GEN-END:initComponents

    private void translate(String word) {
        pinyinField.setText(pinyinField.getText() + word + " ");
    }
    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
        //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
        /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
         * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
         */
        try {
            for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                    javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(HakkaTranslator.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(HakkaTranslator.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(HakkaTranslator.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(HakkaTranslator.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        //</editor-fold>

        /* Create and display the form */
        java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                new HakkaTranslator().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    // Variables declaration - do not modify//GEN-BEGIN:variables
    private JLabel hakkaCharField;
    private JTextArea inputField;
    private JLabel mandCharField;
    private JLabel pinyinField;
    private JButton translateButton;
    // End of variables declaration//GEN-END:variables
    String inpText;
}

I have gotten practically everything working, save for the translate method, which is the next step, and for the fact that, whether I put System.lineSeparator() or "\n" as the argument in the line translate(System.lineSeparator()), the result is invariably a wide space, while I want a linebreak. How do I make the linebreak appear in the output?
I'd post an image but I don't have enough reputation. Please note that I've just tried putting ""
"" instead of System.lineSeparator(), in light of this question, but that didn't work either. I remember trying the MultiLineUI answer's command and getting a cannot find symbol or the likes.

A:     @Override
    public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent e) {

        inpText = inputField.getText();
        String[] lines = inpText.split("\n");
        String[][] words = new String[lines.length][20];
        for(int i=0;i<lines.length;i++){
            words[i] = lines[i].split(" ");
        }
        translate("");
        for(int i=0;i<lines.length;i++){
            for(int j = 0;j<words[i].length;j++){
                translate(words[i][j] );
            }
            translate("
");
        }
        translate("");
    }

A: You could try to use

 around your stuff, then the html renderer will treat it as pre-formatted. You can also try to just add
\n without the HTML tags your output line separator.   I believe Swing takes text, but expects it to be HTML.


Founder's Dilemma: A Start-Up Wants To Bring You On As Co-Founder, But With No Salary Or Benefits For 2 Years. How Do You Survive?
How Do You Motivate People Beyond Money?
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This question originally appeared on CoFoundersLab: How do you respond to covertly sexist comments?


text:
Grexit Deferred, Not Averted, As The IMF Balks At Further Help For Greece
Laurie Laird Contributor
I cover macroeconomics and the corporate scene in the UK and EU.
Pro-Euro demonstrators wave a Greek flag, right, and a European Union flag in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier monument during a rally in Syntagma Square in Athens, in this photo dated Thursday, July 9, 2015. The latest incarnation of Greece's economic crisis over the span of a month saw Greece in the end accept harsh austerity measures from creditors to save the country from bankruptcy and possibly ignominiously getting kicked out of the eurozone. (AP Photo/Petros Karadjias)
In a saga punctuated by deadlines, there has been surprisingly little fear associated with the next target date for fiscally-challenged Greece – the August 20 deadline to remit $3.5 billion to the European Central Bank.
With preliminary negotiations on a third bailout underway, investors seem to believe that creditors will turn on the financial tap. Those very real considerations of Grexit last month now seem like a dream sequence.
But with Athens and its creditors last week unable to agree even on when discussions started, the auspices for a smooth conclusion to the funding talks are not encouraging.
Remember, Greece failed to convince lenders to unlock $7.2 billion in unused bailout money after nearly five months of negotiations between February and July. Discussions over a three-year $95 billion package might prove to be even trickier.
In the meantime, Greece is surviving on a controversial $7.7 billion bridge loan, extended through a European Union fund. But most of that money left Greek coffers as soon as it entered, earmarked for a payment to the European Central Bank, and to clear arrears racked up with the International Monetary Fund.
That leaves Greece scrambling to scrape together the finances to make good on the next remittance to the ECB. The vehicle behind the last bridge loan, the European Financial Stability Mechanism, is believed to have another $8 billion or so in available funding, but releasing that cash could be challenging. Non-euro members chaffed at contributing to the July disbursement, not least because the UK had gained a guarantee from the European Commission that the EFSM – which draws upon guarantees from non-euro zone nations – would not be used to prop up a euro-zone country. With British attitudes toward the European Union ambiguous at best, another contribution to Greece could lead to a serious rupture with the EU.
And the UK may not be alone in protesting further short-term cash for Greece. Last week, the IMF warned that it will refrain from contributing to a new bailout, at least until fellow creditors concede some form of debt relief. The IMF is also demanding that Greece go further in implementing serious economic reform before resuming lending.
Without the imprimatur of the IMF, it may be difficult for euro zone members to approve a bailout – assuming Greece and its creditors strike a deal. Meeting in an emergency session last month, the German Bundestag agreed only to begin negotiations with Greece. A comprehensive deal must past the German parliament again, along with legislatures in a number of other European states.
It may be that the stance of the IMF forces Greek creditors to accelerate consideration of debt relief, although it's not clear that a bailout that restructures Greek debt may be any more palatable to German lawmakers than a package that excludes the IMF.
Meanwhile, European leaders have taken a big step since the beginning of the year in accepting the possibility of a Greek exit from the euro. Now that Plan B's have been discussed publicly, there is no way of pretending that the euro is unbreakable. Far from nearing the conclusion of this Greek drama, the euro zone may have merely entered the second act.
Laurie Laird
I have been a financial journalist for more years than I'll ever admit. I started in New York before settling in London, with diversions to Moscow and Hong Kong, where ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When a high school student lacks the motivation to complete his schoolwork, we need to look not only at him but at the reasons behind the lack of motivation.
Self-esteem issues can plague individuals with ADHD. There are many causes but there is help.
Parent to Parent Can you Help?
Last Month: A mother is looking for ways to help her teenage son deal with anger.
This site provides information, resources and support for parents dealing with ADD/ADHD.
Our children are impulsive, forgetful, extremely active, and sometimes downright difficult. They are also exuberant, fun, witty, loving, spontaneous, imaginative, creative and overall wonderful children. With our love, support, understanding and guidance they can and will become all that they dream to become and more.
This site is interactive in that we provide forums and outlets for parents to share experiences, advice, suggestions and questions with one another.
Every journey we take becomes easier when we know we are not alone.
"Together we can make a difference in our children's lives"
We are dedicated to remaining neutral in today's controversy of treatment choices. We have tried to create an environment of support for all parents.
The information contained on this site is not an endorsement of any product, service or treatment but is supplied here in an effort to arm parents with the information they need to make intelligent and wise choices for their family and their situation. Please keep in mind that all children react differently to different methods of treatment and before beginning any course of action your physician should be consulted and all treatment options should be carefully monitored.
Our visitors come from every walk of life and from around the world. Sign our guest book, let others know you were here, that you care and offer your words of wisdom to other parents around the world.
Directory of many providers specializing in the treatment of ADD/ADHD. Lists international directory.
Articles on all aspects of working with ADD/ADHD at home and at school.


Inclusions: Local English-speaking guide, some food samples, admission to the mosaic gallery, public transportation during the tour, admission to various historic sights, 4 beers, 1 snack.
Exclusions: Personal shopping and souvenirs, lunch, other food and drinks, tips/gratuities for your guide.
Art, history, culture, diversity and of course food and beer capture the essence of Philly on this epic journey through our city's great neighborhoods! From Jewish delis to Italian markets, American history, public art, and local craft beer, this tour gives you a slice of the real Philly. See the iconic landmarks that shaped America before tapping into Philly's legendary beer scene on this Total Philly adventure.


Biblical Prosperity is simply another word for well-being, often financial but also including health, happiness, or spiritual well-being. Everybody wants prosperity but only a few are willing to give. Remember, the reason why you don't HAVE is that you don't GIVE. What do you have?
Here are 6 hidden secrets about Biblical prosperity and abundance.
Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers and ended him in prison. He spent several years in prison because there was on one to help him out until what he had opened a great door for him by interpreting Pharaoh's dream.
Then Pharaoh said to Joseph," since God has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my palace and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you." (Genesis 41:1-40).
Joseph had no money, no connection or links to get him out of prison, all he had was interpreting dreams and that got him out of prison and made a great man. What do you also have?
Now Moses was keeping the flock of his father in law, Jethro, the priest of Midian. Moses, therefore, uses his staff to control his flock and it was nothing special to him, just a staff.
Everyone has Talent but not Everyone uses it. Everyone is born with the potential to do extraordinary in life. You may have a good voice to sing, maybe you are good at writing, you can write and publish your own book. God will only bless you through what you have.
They went to Jordan and began to cut down trees, as one of them was cutting the tree, the iron ax head fell into the river. The man of God asked "where did it fell" when he showed him the place, Elisha cut a stick and throws it there and made the iron ax head floated. Why didn't Elisha pray for the iron to float? Or why didn't he command the iron to float?
Sometimes is not all about prayers and fasting, maybe your marriage or finance is sinking, challenge God by giving him the little you have and he will give you what you need. (ii kings 6:1-7).
The wife of a man from the company of the prophet cried out to Elisha, "your servant my husband is dead, and you know that he revered the Lord, but now his creditors have come to take my only two sons as his slaves. Elisha replied to her "how can I help you"? Tell me, WHAT DO YOU HAVE in your house?
"Your servant has nothing there at all" she said, except a small jar of olive oil. Elisha told her to go around and ask all your neighbors for empty jars, then go inside and shut the door behind you and your son. Pour oil into all the jars and as each is filled, put it to one side.
The woman did just that and all the jars were full, Elisha said go, sell the oil and pay all your debts. (ii kings 4:1-7).
My question is, why didn't Elisha pray for the empty jars to be filled with oil? The little oil she gave turned into many jars full of oil. Learn how to give the little you have.
Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream. As the Philistine moved close to attack him, David ran quickly towards the battle line to meet him. Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead and he falls face down on the ground. (I Samuel 17:1-51).
David had only five stones in his hands and was able to defeat the Philistine. Sometimes we may face difficult situations beyond our control that is the best time to sow a seed to God and leave the battle for him.
What would Jesus do with five loaves of bread and two fishes? Very minimal for that crowed but Jesus took the little they have blessed it and became abundant.
In other words, if you don't give, don't expect anything, sometimes it is not all about prayers and fasting, is about sowing and reaping.
This principle is irrevocable; there is no escape for Christians and non-Christians. This is the law of exchange.
I just wants to ask you a question. What have you done for God to Bless you?


text:
William Hayes (born June 1, 1943) is a former American football coach and college athletics administrator.  He retired as the athletic director at Winston-Salem State University in 2014. Hayes served as the head football coach at Winston-Salem State from 1976 to 1987 and at North Carolina A&T State University from 1988 to 2003, compiling a career college football record of 195–104–2.  In 27 seasons as a head coach, Hayes has the distinction of being the winningest coach at both football programs. He is an alumnus of North Carolina Central University.

Coaching career
Hayes started his coaching career as a running backs coach on the coaching staff at Wake Forest University, from 1973 to 1975, making him one of the first African-American coaches in the Atlantic Coast Conference.  At the Division II level at Winston-Salem State, the Rams under Hayes won three Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) titles, and made two Division II playoff appearances, in 1978 and 1987. At North Carolina A&T on the Division I-AA level, the Aggies under Hayes won three Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) titles and made two Division I-AA playoff appearances, in 1992 and 1999.  The Aggies also appeared in the now defunct post-season HBCU bowl game, the Heritage Bowl in 1991.

Hayes coached a number of players who went to play in the NFL or CFL: Timmy Newsome (running back), Donald Evans (defensive end), and Anthony Blaylock (defensive back) from Winston-Salem State, and Jamain Stephens (offensive lineman), Curtis Deloatch (defensive back), Maurice Hicks (running back), Michael Basnight (running back), Jamal Jones (wide receiver), Junius Coston (offensive line), Qasim Mitchell (offensive lineman) from North Carolina A&T.

Administrative career
Hayes became a university administrator after he ended his coaching career. He served as athletic director at his alma mater, North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina, from 2003 to 2007, Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, Florida from December 2007 to December 2009, and Winston-Salem State University from 2010 to 2014.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Bill Hayes Retiring as Winston-Salem State Athletics Director

1943 births
Living people
Florida A&M Rattlers and Lady Rattlers athletic directors
North Carolina A&T Aggies football coaches
North Carolina Central Eagles athletic directors
North Carolina Central Eagles football players
Sportspeople from Durham, North Carolina
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football coaches
Winston-Salem State Rams athletic directors
Winston-Salem State Rams football coaches
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
African-American college athletic directors in the United States
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

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Free Christmas Stocking coloring page. Online and Printable. All sorts of free coloring pages to color in online, or print out and use crayons, markers, and paints. Coloring pages for kids of all ages, from preschoolers, right up to older children - and adults too! A cute stocking hung up for Christmas.


text:
Q: Comparing two pipe-delimited files, row by row, wherein rows are not in order in another file, using Python I have two text files with a huge number of records, the records are pipe-delimited. I need to compare both the text files for similarity in data on both files. Say, File1 and File2 should have the same records. However, even though they have the same records, they do not appear to be on the same rows. say record1 on file1 might be on row10, but the same record1 on file2 is not necessarily on the same row, it might appear on any row.
Now I Need to take row1 in file1, need to go through all records in file2 and see where the match happens. Likewise, I need to check for all rows in file1. I am more bothered about file1 rows be matched with file2, then file2 be matched with file1, as file2 might have several redundant records.
I tried to look into this approach, using the Python script.
I came across below code-snipped, however, it compares both files row by row and does not take into consideration that rows might not be arranged sequentially.
Could someone please advise how to achieve this?
CodeLink : https://gist.github.com/insachin/c960cfeb1fef6454a8132a07cb9ebd5a
# Ask the user to enter the names of files to compare
fname1 = input("Enter the first filename: ")
fname2 = input("Enter the second filename: ")

# Open file for reading in text mode (default mode)
f1 = open(fname1)
f2 = open(fname2)

# Print confirmation
print("-----------------------------------")
print("Comparing files ", " > " + fname1, " < " + fname2, sep='\n')
print("-----------------------------------")

# Read the first line from the files
f1_line = f1.readline()
f2_line = f2.readline()

# Initialize counter for line number
line_no = 1

# Loop if either file1 or file2 has not reached EOF
while f1_line != '' or f2_line != '':

    # Strip the leading whitespaces
    f1_line = f1_line.rstrip()
    f2_line = f2_line.rstrip()

    # Compare the lines from both file
    if f1_line != f2_line:

        # If a line does not exist on file2 then mark the output with + sign
        if f2_line == '' and f1_line != '':
            print(">+", "Line-%d" % line_no, f1_line)
        # otherwise output the line on file1 and mark it with > sign
        elif f1_line != '':
            print(">", "Line-%d" % line_no, f1_line)

        # If a line does not exist on file1 then mark the output with + sign
        if f1_line == '' and f2_line != '':
            print("<+", "Line-%d" % line_no, f2_line)
        # otherwise output the line on file2 and mark it with < sign
        elif f2_line != '':
            print("<", "Line-%d" % line_no, f2_line)

        # Print a blank line
        print()

    # Read the next line from the file
    f1_line = f1.readline()
    f2_line = f2.readline()

    # Increment line counter
    line_no += 1

f1.close()
f2.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HomeNewsBooks for Prisoners
Books for Prisoners
"I have signed the petition and support the Howard League and the tens of thousands of people who have signed the petition to reverse the banning of books to prisoners by the Justice Secretary. I note that the Howard League is considering legal action over this ban."
"The petition calls for a review and amendment to the 'new rules which restrict prisoners access to books and personal items from families, in particular from children'."
Frances Crook, Chief Executive of the Howard League for Penal Reform, said:
"With ministers digging their heels in despite the fantastic expressions of support we have received from famous authors and ordinary members of the public, we are now with regret considering legal action. We still hope that the Ministry of Justice will see sense and work with us to resolve the unintended consequences of this policy."
More information on the Howard League plan is available here: http://www.howardleague.org/books-legal-action/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Books+for+prisoners+-+campaign+update+%26+…&utm_source=YMLP&utm_term=taking+Chris+Grayling+to+court
The Petition can be found here: http://www.change.org/en-GB/petitions/rt-hon-chris-grayling-mp-please-urgently-review-and-amend-your-new-rules-which-restrict-prisoners-access-to-books-and-family-items-in-particular-from-children-rules-which-are-inconsistently-applied-in-any-event


I read this article in IoT World about connected health trends to keep an eye on for 2019. It talks about use cases for AI such as wearables, patient dashboards, surgical robots. It talks about some VS guy who a few years ago said that AI can do 80% of what doctors can do and that radiologists would be obsolete by 2022!
The overall progress of AI adoption in healthcare has been really slow. It seems to me that so many companies are trying to develop AI solutions for applications and use cases that are just too complicated or rely on an ecosystem of other technologies to make them happen.
We need to stick to the basics. No tech project or initiative will be successful unless there's a business case to drive it. And in healthcare, the obvious business case for AI starts where IoT did: service and support.
Companies trying to deploy an IoT technology so they can remotely support their devices in the field are certainly still facing challenges today. More and more of their end users, particularly overseas, are resisting their attempts to connect to their devices on their network because of security concerns. But the business case for remote service and support still is strong. Reducing downtime, reducing 2nd service calls, improving MTTR and FTF rates still translate right to the bottom line for OEM's and their customers.


text:
import { anyIsSet } from './util'
import defn from './defn'

/**
 * Checks if `any` is classified as a `Set` object.
 *
 * @function
 * @since v0.1.0
 * @category lang
 * @param {*} any The value to check.
 * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `any` is a set, else `false`.
 * @example
 *
 * isSet(new Set())
 * // => true
 *
 * isSet(new WeakSet())
 * // => false
 */
const isSet = defn('isSet', anyIsSet)

export default isSet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
FactoryGirl.define do

  factory :book do
    sequence(:title) {|n| "Book ##{n}"}
  end

end


text:
Since April of 2010, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic has established project's Executive Group consisting of a small and efficient team for the implementation of the TASIM initiative.
The Executive Group has prepared the initial business concept of the project in cooperation with international consulting firm (Booz & Co.) and discussed it with the key regional states and operators. At the same time, there are cooperation with the renown international consultants in field of business, project management, technical and legal advisers to carry out the TASIM project.
Zaur HASANOV
Mr. Hasanov holds MS in the business emphasis of mass communications from the San Jose State University, USA.
Mr. Hasanov has been involved in the telecommunication sector for several years mostly within International Relations Department of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan. He has participated in e-government, National Broadband Network initiatives of the Ministry at the policy and regulation level.
Prior joining to the MCIT, Mr. Hasanov worked as representative of the Ministry in the Silicon Valley, USA. As a liaison with high tech companies of US and Azerbaijan, he helped to develop and implement e-government, and online payment systems project for Government of Azerbaijan and project for development of credit rating institutions.
Mr. Hasanov has been serving as a Director for "Trans-Eurasian Information Super Highway" (TASIM) Project Secretariat of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan since 2013.
Between 2003-2006, he authored 6 documentaries on the Azerbaijan first oil boom and the Caucasus recent history.
He speaks in Turkish, English and Russian languages.
Primary email: zaur.hasanov[at]mincom.gov.az
Fikret Pashayev
Mr. Pashayev received Bachelor's/Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Political Economy (Dissertation: Transnational Corporations and Development of Inter-firm Relations) from Moscow State University.
Dr. Pashayev research interests include political economy, international economics, international trade and investment, multinational corporations, CSR, globalization and regional cooperation, modern politics and geopolitics of post Soviet Union area.
Dr. Pashayev has lectured the following courses at the Khazar University (Baku, Azerbaijan) "Foreign Economic Policy of Azerbaijan", "WTO and International Trade Opportunities for Azerbaijan", "Caspian Energy Geopolitics in the context of Global Energy Security", "Transnational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment" and "Doing Business in the Caspian region".
Dr. Pashayev is author of 30 publications in various newspapers, magazines, surveys (including NATO and OECD publications), including the book "Transnational Corporations and development of inter-firm relations".
Dr. Pashayev had [15 years] experience in diplomatic service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan during 1992-2007 and holds diplomatic rank of First Class Counselor.
Dr. Pashayev was posted to the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United Nations (New York, 1995-1999) and Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to United States of America (Washington D.C., 2002-2006). He was Member of Negotiation team of Azerbaijan on accession to WTO and participated in various WTO, World Bank, OECD, UNCTAD organized seminars and workshops on international trade and investment.
In 2011, Dr. Pashayev has joined as a senior advisor in "Trans Eurasian Information Super Highway" (TASIM) Project Secretariat of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He speaks in Turkish, English, French and Russian languages.
Primary email: fikret.pashayev[at]mincom.gov.az
Rasim SAFAROV
Mr. Safarov has received BA on "Management specialty" with "honors" of higher vocational direction ofEngineering Economy and Management and a master degree with "honors" of higher vocational direction ofeconomics and management of MBA (Master of Business Administration) program at the Azerbaijan State Economic University.
Mr. Safarov the necessary knowledge and skills on organization of business and management. Has successfully finished trainings and courses at different times in those fields. Successfully completed trainings and courses are: "State regulation of investment processes and the state's financial-credit policy" organized by the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, English School of the World Hope International Organization Azerbaijan, training on the subject of "Project Cost-Benefit analysis" organized by CRRC (Caucasus Research Resource Center), training on the subject of "International Financial Reporting Standards" organized by the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the United States agency for Development, training on the subject of "Strategic Management", "Business meetings, preparation and conduct", "Presentation skills" and "Business ethics" organized by Azerbaijan Banking Training Centre, short-term course on the subject of "Corporate Governance and Transparency Issues in Azerbaijan Business" organized by Transparency Azerbaijan and Baku Stock Exchange and "Management of Non - Governmental Organisations" course within the scope of the United Nations Development NGO Resource and Training Center.
In 2004, has worked as a Project Coordinator at the Department of Information Technologies and International Relations of the Azerbaijan State Economic University.
In 2005, has worked as an expert on social and economic issues in survey-evaluation projects carried out by the order of International Finance Corporation, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank by "SIGMA" Development and International Cooperation Research Centre.
In 2006-2007, has worked as an senior advisor and in 2007-2009, as chief of division (2nd rank civil servant) at the State Committee for Securities under the auspices of the President of Republic of Azerbaijan.
In 2009-2012, has worked as as chief of division (2nd rank civil servant) at the State Committee for Securities of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Since 2012, has been working as a coordinator on organizational issues "Trans-Eurasian Information Super Highway" project of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Primary email: rasim.safarov[at]mincom.gov.az
Fuzuli Gulmammadli
Specialist on International Relations.
Mr. Gulmammadli holds MSc diploma from the University of Manchester in the faculty of "ICTs for Development".
Mr. Gulmammadli received Bachelor's degree with "honors" in International Economic Relations of Special Talented Groups faculty of the Azerbaijan State Economic University.
Between 2011 and 2012, has worked in the "Project for the development of e-Municipalities in Azerbaijan" that was organized together with Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic and Azerbaijan State Economic University.
In 2012 – 2013, was in probation in the Department of International Relations of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic. Also during his student years Mr. Gulmammadli, actively volunteered in different events and meetings (Bakutel expo, Meetings of Regional Communication Alliance etc.) held by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic.
Since 2015, has been working as a specialist on international relations at the "Trans Eurasian Information Super Highway" (TASIM) Project Secretariat of the Ministry of Communications and High Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Primary email: fuzuli.gulmammadli[at]mincom.gov.az
Kamal Mansimli
Web site administrator
Graduate of honors diploma from Odlar Yurdu University (bachelor degree) on specialty "Finance and Credit" –economist.
As a secondary high education- Azerbaijan Technical University (bachelor degree) graduate of honors diploma, Manufacturing and majoring services department, on basics of economics and management.
In 2004 - worked as an economist in Shamakha observatory.
In 2005- worked as an IT engineer in "Sinam" Company.
In 2006-2008 years- worked as a Marketing manager of "AloTel" company.
In 2009- worked as an accountant at "Baku Finance College".
In 2010, worked as an economist at the "Scientific research laboratory of prognosis development of educational system" under the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In 2011-2013, worked as an economist in the financial plan sector of department of economics, Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In 2013, worked as specialist on logistic at the "Trans Eurasian Information Super Highway" (TASIM) Project Secretariat of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Knows Turkish and Russian.
Primary email: kamal.mansimli[at]mincom.gov.az
Secondary email: kamal.mansimli[at]tasim.net
Gurbanova Yasemen
Yasemen Gurbanova received Bachelor's degree with "honors" in Translation faculty of Azerbaijan University of Foreign Languages.
She received Master's degree in the faculty Translation in Ganja State University
She attended courses on Business English at "King's school in London
In 2007, she worked as a specialist in customer services in Nurgun Motors company.
In 2008 she worked as an instructor in Youth and Volunteers department, In 2009-2011 as a program manager in Disaster Preparedness and Disaster response, in 2011-2012 as a program manager in Information and International Relations department of Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society
In 2012-2014 she worked as specialist in billing of insurance claims department in Ateshgah Insurance Company.
In 2014-2015 she worked as manager In "Baku" magazine
Since 2015, has been working as an office manager at the "Trans Eurasian Information Super Highway" (TASIM) Project Secretariat of the Ministry of Communications and High Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
She speaks in Turkish, English and Russian languages.
yasaman.qurbanova[at]tasim.net


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English Audio Description?: No
If you follow me, you'll see I review pretty much anything. Frequently, I review things I'm not interested in, not excited about, and could really give zero fucks about. But, I want to talk about them, and their effective, or potentially non-effective audio description. And for films without audio description, I plan on talking about whether or not there is any point to watching the film without audio description. I mention this, because i actually cared here. I actually was interested in Emily The Criminal, and from what I can tell, there is no audio description track on Netflix or VOD.
So, I had to try and figure out what the hell was going on for the duration of this film, which seems to be about an ex-felon (Aubrey Plaza) who is trying to go straight, but the world really won't let her, so she finds a less legal route to make money. There are frequent moments of silence. Either someone is driving or walking, and we lose entire chunks of the film. in fact, the end of this film is gone.Basically, right before the end, there is sort of a major plot point that you do have sound for, and then about five minutes of background noise, city sounds, and other ambience, before Emily comes back in, speaking a line in Spanish, and then the movie ends.
There are moments where it's hard to tell who is scared of what, and why, or how something is being done. It's not a dialogue heavy film, and when the characters speak, it's very nonchalant, in that it never feels the need to explain anything, like a plan before it happens, or have someone speak in depth about the experience they just had. It seemed to me like the kind of film that with audio description might have been a contender for a top 10 spot. Every indicator told me Aubrey Plaza, usually known for her comedic dryness, is bringing her dramatic range up a notch.
Aubrey, as Emily, has this monologue in the film that is incredible. She's in an interview for what she hopes will be her dream job, until she learns it's an unpaid internship, and what the demands are. Basically, it's a full time job that pays nothing. Obviously, the screenwriter thinks this concept is stupid, and channels that energy through Emily, and Aubrey is the person to deliver it. It's the kind of great moment that becomes the clip they play at the Oscar's to highlight why someone was nominated.
But, there are just so many chunks of this film without dialogue, and while I occasionally knew what was happening, there were a lot of times I needed that audio description to help out, but it wasn't there. Someone made a choice that this film didn't need to be made accessible. We saved money so Netflix could make another TV show they have no intention of taking beyond it's first season.
It's not all Netflix's fault. film studios, and by extension, the actual filmmakers should be concerned about how their film is consumed. If audience members aren't getting your film the best way possible, it's one more person walking around not recommending your title, and keeping it from being a choice for someone else. It's easy to say someone like me is just some random blind person, but people read what I write, subscribe to my YouTube, and my friends know I'm the guy who follows film and TV. So, when i recommend things, generally those things get checked out.
I can't recommend Emily The Criminal. Without audio description, it's just missing too much. It's a shame, because this one definitely felt like it was right up my alley.
Final Grade: Unwatchable
January 2, 2023 Aubrey Plaza, Emily The Criminal, Netflix, Theo Rossi
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California egg production tumbles
CALIFORNIA - Like Humpty Dumpty, California egg ranchers have taken a tumble. Egg production in the state failed to crack 5 billion in 2006, marking the lowest output since 1958. High-priced real estate and feed, and government regulations have thinned chicken flocks that once numbered more than 40 million birds in the early 1970s. USDA data for 2006 show California's poultry ranches produced 4.9 billion eggs.
Don Bell, UC Cooperative Extension poultry specialist emeritus, said the state's flock, which numbered 24 million laying chickens in 2000 has dropped to about 19 million. He expects the slide to continue.
"Probably next year, it will be another low until we see some growth," Bell said. "We have had a stagnant population of chickens in California probably for four or five years now at about 19 million."
California ranchers reached equilibrium in supply/demand balance in 1958, but began a build-up in the state's laying flock that hit nearly 42 million birds in the early 1970s, producing "a terrible surplus" of eggs, Bell said. An outbreak of Newcastle disease and other factors whittled away at the state's egg production, which was centered in several Southern California counties.
In the past decade, the soaring cost of land, especially in Southern California, has caused a shift northward into the Central Valley, following a similar trend in the dairy industry. Some ranchers are retiring from the business and the incentives for others to expand now in California are somewhat questionable.
"Population and land prices and government regulations, distances from the feed market --- these are factors that will dictate whether we stay here, continue down or maybe see a little rise," Bell said.
"The problem is that California is not a user friendly egg state anymore."
The rise in regulations on farms and ranches, especially in animal agriculture, has also limited industry expansion.
"Just about every major egg company has to have a governmental relations employee just to keep up with the legislation. Almost every week you hear about some new regulation that is being imposed on agriculture," Bell said. "The bureaucracy is getting to be unmanageable."
Bell said a single laying hen is needed to produce the eggs for each person. That should mean California would support double the current laying flock, but egg imports from other states account for about one-third of the supply consumed by Californians.
Source: Capital Press


A new football stadium is set to be created in Alicante – a hotspot for Spanish luxury holidays - as local authorities aim to make the city even more attractive to tourists from around the world.
In addition to a new sporting arena, the region looks set to benefit from a range of new infrastructural improvements over the next few years, with a number of new commercial properties to be developed as well.
British tourists on holiday in Spain could soon be able to take a direct tram from Alicante's main railway station to other parts of the city, while space is also being made for new restaurants, bars and shops.
Furthermore, new hotel complexes are planned to be built in the city, which could lure more families from the UK who are looking to find the perfect luxury holiday in Spain.
A trip to Alicante during carnival time could prove to make the visit full of festivities.
Taking place over a three week period towards the start of each year, the event sees the region be overrun with costumes, music and parades.
In 2008, the carnival begins on January 21st and ends on February 10th, with similar dates making up the celebratory period each year.
The event which could prove to be the highlight of any holiday in Spain is the Sabado Ramblero, where the main routes through the city become filled with parades, in which music, dancing and costumes abound.
Barcelona has been noted as an ideal destination for a winter break in a new report.
An article in the Daily Express highlighted the fact that winter is the season when the city "really comes into its own".
Although a popular destination all year round, thanks to its relaxed culture and wide array of restaurants, a trip to Barcelona for a Spanish family holiday over the winter period may be ideal.
The newspaper notes that the city has a range of sites that will cater for all and for those that are interested in architecture, seeing the inimitable work of Gaudi for real could be worth the visit alone.
A major new development project being dubbed the "European Las Vegas" has been given the go-ahead by regional authorities in Spain, it has been announced.
Plans for what has so-far been named only as "Gran Escala" include two theme parks, a stadium and 32 hotel-casinos, which will all give British tourists even greater incentive to go on a Spanish holiday.
A report from AFP suggests that the development in the Los Mongeros desert region is expected to attract close to 25 million visitors per year and will be open for business before the end of 2008.
British investors are believed to be partly financing the project, while one Spanish backer has claimed that Gran Escala will aim to be a leisure city that can cater for the needs of tourists of all ages.
Revellers from across Europe are booking their flights to Alicante in preparation for the annual Las Fallas festival that takes place in the spring of next year.
The event is inspired by the patron saint of carpenters Saint Joseph and typically involves hundreds of people constructing figures that look like famous individuals from paper and wood.
Benidorm, which has long been a favourite destination for Brits looking to enjoy a holiday in Spain, plays host to the three-day festival that gets underway on March 19th next year.
After parading the ceremonial figures through the streets of the local area, participants in the festivities set their creations alight on a bonfire and watch an often dramatic and spectacular firework display.
Short city breaks "extremely popular"
The popularity of short city breaks to European destinations has risen since the introduction of low-cost airlines, it was said this week.
According to Sean Tipton, a spokesperson for the Association of British Travel Agents, the reduced cost of flights nowadays has made taking a long weekend to the continent much more convenient.
Before no-frills airlines, travellers faced price tags of £300-400 for a flight to Madrid, making a city break rather expensive, he added.
But now, people can not only jet off at a minute's notice but do it at a much lower cost than in recent years.
Alicante is set for a taste of Hollywood over the course of the next few years after the Spanish movie production firm Tornasol Films announced it is committed to extensive activity at its Valencia-based studios.
Tornasol is scheduled to produce at least five films in Valancia next year alone and the resulting movies will incorporate some of the spectacular local scenery that has attracted so many British tourists to take a holiday in Spain.
Around 16 different feature films are expected to be created by Tornasol's Alicante-based Ciudad de La Luz company before 2011 under the terms of a recently agreed deal believed to be worth millions of pounds, Variety International reports.
Gerardo Herrero, a Tornasol partner, explained to the news provider: "The deal will allow us to work like a studio, laying down shoot dates according to long-term plans.
Fans of golf holidays in Spain will be interested in news of a number of new Murcia golf courses in development.
In total, four courses are planned on the Nicklaus Golf Trail, three of which will be situated at the Condado de Alhama resort, including one Nicklaus Signature and two Bear's Best courses.
The resort will consequently become one of the largest in Europe, Polaris World reports.
"The four courses open by 2008 - Mar Menor, La Torre and El Valle with Hacienda Riquelme due to open in January 2008 - are all within a 25 km radius," the Spanish property firm adds.
Travellers are being encouraged to take Spanish holidays as a result of the simplicity of booking online and extra attention given to special offers, it has been claimed.
A recent study from Jupiter Research reveals that the promotion of special offers and stripping down of reservation services should be a top priority for holiday firms, On-holidays.com reports.
City and weekend breaks to a range of European cities have shown the largest recent increase in market expansion, it added, with the capital of Catalonia Barcelona a popular choice for those choosing Spain holidays.
A range of gift vouchers for flights, possibly to the popular Spanish family holiday destinations of Alicante and Murcia, have been offered by one airline.
It has been reported that flyMonarch.com is now providing vouchers for consumers who may be struggling to find the perfect seasonal gift.
Easier reports that the flight operator is providing consumers with gift vouchers that can be used to pay for holidays to destinations such as Murcia.


Some of the pay concerns of armed forces personnel were also examined by a committee constituted under the chairmanship of Shri Pranab Mukherjee, the then Minister of External Affairs. The committee's recommendation on placement of Lt Cols / equiv in Pay Band IV was accepted and implemented by the Government.
Thereafter, a committee was constituted under the chairmanship of the Cabinet Secretary in 2012, to examine certain pay and pension issues of armed forces personnel. All the recommendations of Cabinet Secretary Committee related to ex- servicemen were implemented. The Committee's recommendations on pay related issues were referred to the 7th CPC.


We've always known that microcredit is not a panacea.
During the heady days of the microcredit revolution in the 1980s and 90s, I was part of a veritable village of practitioners. It was a remarkable group of driven, passionate, and often iconoclastic individuals. We lived in our own Utopia, defining and inventing the concept of social enterprise. But even then we knew that our microcredit efforts weren't perfect.
When I first visited Bangladesh in 1983, my role was to review the Grameen and BRAC programs as part of developing a new World Bank program (which proposed what became known as the Palli Karma Shayak Foundation or PKSF, a successful Apex for MFIs).
I knew immediately that Grameen was poised for growth. With already 60,000 borrowers, it had a strong business model (albeit non commercial), a solid management system, and would grow like the McDonalds franchise in the Bangladesh environment.
This image of poor women paying interest for a service they valued taught us that there was a clear self-evaluating dimension to this activity. As is the case today the study could not prove major differences in income with randomized control groups but did show some difference in the accumulation of assets.
So what has been troubling many today—inflated credit portfolios and the inability to prove economic growth—is not novel. But then again, it's not the whole story.
The most significant achievement of microcredit is the way it has changed the prevailing paradigm about poverty and the poor. Prior to the advent of microcredit, the poor were seen often as "victims." As such they required a large, holistic set of interventions often based on paternalist constructs. Microcredit offers a contrasting viewpoint – a tangible and empirical window on the reality of the economic life at the bottom of a global pyramid.
The poor began to be seen as rational "clients," a far more empowering picture. This is no small change, and the current astronomical growth in mobile phone usage in developing countries possibly owes much to the understanding and respect generated for the market of the poor.
Today's financial inclusion advocates are indebted to the pioneers of microcredit. The microcredit pioneers proved the bottom billions to be viable, trustworthy clients. The scalable, market-oriented approaches we see today would be impossible without the vast knowledge and experience created by MFIs throughout the world.
Looking forward to 2020, we know that we are increasingly in a digital age. What exists now could not be foretold 10 years ago, and what will exist at the end of the decade we cannot yet imagine. We are far from the goal of financial inclusion, but I am convinced that there will be a breakthrough which will one day allow the poor to live as full economic and financial citizens. For the seeds of this future we can thank microcredit.
Henry Jackelen has worked as an expert in growing inclusive markets for the past 30 years with organizations such as UNDP, the World Bank, USAID, and the Inter-American Development Bank. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and an advisor to several research and microcredit organizations. He can be reached at henry.jackelen@gmail.com.


We promised you that the MN 25 and its variants will revolutionize the trucking standards in India. CNBC TV18 agrees. Their popular show Overdrive takes a clinical look at the MN25. And we must say, they are quite impressed by our offering.
Mr. Sandeep Srikanth, of CNBC TV18 test drives the MN25, and gives a glowing account of our new vehicle. For those who missed the review, you can catch the review here. If you believe that enough is enough and Ok is no longer Ok, see for yourself what the buzz is all about.


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A Post About Nothing: George Costanza, Style Icon
What to say about George Costanza? Everyone knows him. No one was supposed to like him, but somehow, we've all seemed to find a soft spot for him in our hearts. When thinking about the character from the '90s hit TV sitcom "Seinfeld" (the so-called "show about nothing"), one typically thinks of him creating some scheme that will work him out of a situation that he has gotten himself into by spinning lies. If not that, maybe we think about him getting in an argument with someone, say a clown at a child's birthday party. But what we don't typically think about is his style. It would be easy to dress up as him for Halloween: a plaid shirt, khaki or grey pants, Nike Cortez sneakers, and wire rim glasses. But that oversimplification actually takes away from a bold, personal statement George Costanza's character is making through his clothes. Let's examine George's look falls and how that fits into the Ivy League look.
What's brilliant about George Costanza's dress is this. When the average person looks at George, what he wears isn't the first thing, or something at all, that comes to mind. And that is important because it highlights the understated nature of his garb. However, when the sartorial-minded man looks at George, he sees something different entirely. Episode to episode, it would be easy to presume George dresses roughly the same. But I would make the case that almost all of the outfits George wears are not so much the same as they are in line with the style that he has cultivated. One would never see George, who can be found wearing a herringbone tweed jacket over a sweater mismatched with khakis, or a polo shirt tucked into pants with a leather belt that matches the leather on his shoes, all of a sudden wearing parachute pants and a tank top. Why? It's not because he has something against those fashion trends of the 90's when Seinfeld was on air, but because those items are not in line with his character's dress and its message.
So, then, what is this style that George has created for himself? Well, I would say it's something unique to him built around items that are not unique at all. The three main categories we Trads typically use are the Ivy League Look, Preppy and, of course, Trad. When thinking about the Ivy League Look, what comes to mind for me is just as much the clothes as it is the details that surround them. Repp ties, OCBD's, khakis and Weejuns are all just as important as the size of the knot with which you tie your tie, if a shirt has a pocket or not, cuffs on your pants and when your shoe needs to be resoled. And while George does incorporate both garments as well as details and rules typically attributed to Ivy style into his own wardrobe, it is clear to see by watching him over the course of nine seasons that he is not an avid practitioner of the look. So what about Preppy? There really does not need to be an argument made here. George is not preppy. George wears muted colors as opposed to bright ones, he almost never wears shorts and he also never wears boat shoes. While these aren't the only ways to distinguish if one is preppy or not, I think by glance alone it is easy to tell that George is not preppy. And so we come to our last of the three pillars, Trad. The trad look means different things to different people, just as all of these looks do. And while there are rules for each look which you can see if someone follows or not, by examining at a handful of outfits alone it is hard to tell what someone's personal style is. But what is Trad? Trad is a little less regulated than Ivy style and a good deal more formal than Preppy. While Ivies tend to dress a little more practically, Trads tend to have a perpetual desire to look good. Even at a less formal occasion, one where you would see a preppy wearing a polo or an Ivy wearing a sweater, the trad would probably be seen in a suit with a sweater underneath, or, at the very least, a sport jacket. But back to George. Is George trad by the definition I just outlined? Not really. But, when the occasion calls, George, like he does with elements from the Ivy and Preppy styles, takes cues from the Trad style.
After examining the three pillars of classic casual American menswear, it's clear to see that George Costanza is not a cut and dry example of any one of them. Yet that is what makes his sense of style work so well for him. It's clear to see by watching just about any episode of Seinfeld that George sometimes doesn't care at all what others think of him, and other times that's all he can think about; but regardless, he usually ends up doing what suits him best. So it is because he has this general sense of "what works best for me" that his style actually does work so well for him. George Costanza is a balding, unemployed thirty-something living at home with his parents. He comes from a middle class background in Queens, NY. No one would say George is a WASP by any stretch of the imagination. And the amazing thing is, he can get away with taking cues, rules and elements of styles traditionally worn by WASPs without trying to look like them. He has a style that borrows a bit from Ivy, a bit from Preppy and a bit from Trad. And while he takes his nods from styles invented by WASPs, he never appears to try and look like one. That is because George Costanza has cultivated a style that mixes and matches different elements, a style that doesn't fit into guidelines, and a style that is only for him. And that is why he looks so good in it.
George's personal style brings up an important, yet often overlooked, aspect of the Ivy League Look, an intangible aspect. It is easy, with the Ivy Style just as it is with anything, to focus only on the black and white, the details, the rules. It's easy because they are there written out for you, no thinking required. Button down my collar? OK. Three buttons on the chest of my jacket? OK. Only wear madras during the summer months? OK. But what is not so easy to look at is the confidence and comfort with which one carries themself. These are not factors unique to the Ivy League Look, but ones the look came about because of and ones that helped spread it. George has developed a style that works for him, and in doing so, has found it easy to be comfortable in his clothes (his lack of confidence, however, is an important part of his character on the show and has nothing to do with his clothes). So while his personal look may not tie in exactly to the X's and O's of the Ivy League Look, his aura is exactly that of someone who would sport Ivy style in its intended form, with comfortability, uniqueness, and personality. I guess it's kind of ironic that the things George Costanza's dress tell us are in extreme juxtaposition to his character traits. Was the costume designer for Seinfeld intending for this irony or were they simply a fan of a well dressed man? Maybe it's better if we can just appreciate George Costanza, sartorial superstar. — TREVOR JONES
14 Comments on "A Post About Nothing: George Costanza, Style Icon"
Mitchell S. | March 30, 2018 at 3:03 pm |
There's only one "sartorial superstar" on Seinfeld and his name is Cosmo Kramer. Kramer always rocked the vintage bowling shirts, 40s-themed neckties, and tweed jackets. He was the king!
Officer Trad | March 30, 2018 at 3:35 pm |
Very entertaining piece. I even recall Georgie Boy wearing a knitted tie now and again!
CanadianTrad | March 30, 2018 at 3:47 pm |
George had so many great outfits. We should keep an album somewhere on the site.
oxford cloth button down | March 30, 2018 at 4:22 pm |
Love it. I did a post on our friend George a while back: http://oxfordclothbuttondown.com/2012/09/tv-trad-george-costanza/
There are a few other tradly elements to Seinfeld besides George.
1. There is the appearance of the Ivy League style shrine that is the Andover Shop (Season 7, Episode 18: The Wig master).
2. Elaine has quite the trad pedigree herself; born and raised in Maryland, her father is a famous author (based on Richard Yates), and she was an in-house editor at Pendant Publishing and an editor at the J.Peterman catalog
Sacksuit | March 30, 2018 at 4:31 pm |
I stole a line from George Costanza just this morning when I was complimented on my attire by a comely secretary of a client. I referred to it as "morning mist"
Trevor Jones | March 30, 2018 at 4:33 pm |
@oxford cloth button down,
Don't forget she went to Tufts (her backup school)
Mitchell Lee Annis | March 30, 2018 at 5:11 pm |
"Just remember it's not a lie if you believe it." – George Costanza
GS | March 30, 2018 at 5:48 pm |
This is a nice piece. I'd definitely say George's style is trad with a bit of 90's flair thrown in for a more personal effect. All in all, he dresses like a well-dressed American; plain & simple.
Also, I'd say Nike Cortez sneakers fall under Americana, the last part of PITA. They're vintage looking despite being from the 80's and seem inherently American, like George's style.
Philly Trad | March 31, 2018 at 3:19 am |
George Costanza's sartorial choices represent the positive contribution of Trad style to the American wardrobe: No go-to-hell items at all.
Mark in Nottingham UK | March 31, 2018 at 4:42 am |
I am a Norm man….
Jim | March 31, 2018 at 6:02 am |
"I would drape myself in velvet if it were socially acceptable." – George Costanza
It's too bad that Jason Alexander (the actor who played George Costanza) didn't take any style tips from the character he played. Jason Alexander's personal style is awful:
http://media.oregonlive.com/tv/photo/2016/10/11/jason-alexander-f1ee398d723e9856.jpg
Jim, he must have been referring to his feet.
George | March 31, 2018 at 6:04 pm |
There was an episode where George dressed kind of preppy, the one when he pretends to be a tourist to go out with a woman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cv65dLPYcs
A Post About Nothing: George Costanza, Style Icon « Fashion
A look at the effortlessly cool style of George Costanza