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More Garlits and 'Snake'
Wow, what a surprise. There are a few Don Garlits and Don Prudhomme fans out there among the Insider Nation. Who knew?
Yeah, so response to last week's partially off-the-wall comparison of the similarities between the two Dons was a pretty big hit (even "the Snake," his own bad self, stopped me during pre-race Sunday in Pomona to tell me he'd enjoyed it) and elicited quite a few comments from the peanut gallery, but, other than Ron Bikacsan's note that neither are related, even by six degrees of separation to Kevin Bacon, it appears that I pretty much exhausted all of the coincidental touchpoints in their lives and careers.
Terry Kickerbocker couldn't help but note that despite my "constant protestations" that I am "stretched to the limit" and never have enough time to do all that I need to, he thinks I have "entirely toooooo much time" on my hands to research stuff like this. Maybe so, but the truly sick thing is that I pretty much came up with about 90 percent of them in my head instead of deriving them from hours of research.
Probably my largest investment was going through their voluminous photo files (each pretty much occupies a full file cabinet drawer) to look for photos of them together. I didn't find as many as I expected, but reader Rich Perez passed along a few others, which you can at right.
The first image in the gallery is the cover of the February 1972 issue of Hot Rod for an article on Ed Donovan's aluminum 417 nitro engine featuring, from left, John Wiebe, Prudhomme, Donovan, and Garlits. Wiebe, of course, got the first Donovan and made it fly, which opened the floodgates, but I was puzzled by the inclusion of Prudhomme and Garlits. Neither of them by that time had run the Donovan; Garlits, who switched to Milodon blocks in the mid-1970s, ran a Donovan briefly in 1977, but I don't think "the Snake," who was loyal to either Keith Black or Ed Pink, ever did.
Looking at the magazine cover my first thought was to call photo shenanigans, at least on the Prudhomme inclusion. Wiebe has his hand on a head stud, Garlits on the blower belt, but Prudhomme almost looks like he was added into the background behind the other three. So I dragged out my copy of Hot Rod Magazine: All The Covers and found the original photo as set up by HRM Photo Editor Mike Brenner, showing the foursome posed on seamless paper (second image). Hah! Shows what I know.
I had mentioned last week that there were three times in their careers where they entered a year tied for most wins, and one of the requests that I got was to show a year-by-year accounting of each of the Don's wins, so you can find that in the table below. I added a third column to show Pro Stock icon Bob Glidden's meteoric rise to the top despite giving the Dons a huge head start of about a decade.
Year Garlits season wins
(career total) Prudhomme season wins
(career total) Glidden season wins
(career total))
1963 1 (1) 0 Did not compete
1965 0 2 (2) Did not compete
1966 0 0 Did not compete
1967 1 (3) 1 (3) Did not compete
1972 1 (8) 0 0
1973 2 (10) 1 (6) 1 (1)
1975 4 (15) 6 (14) 4 (8)
1976 0 7 (21) 1 (9)
1977 1 (16) 3 (24) 4 (13)
1980 0 2 (30) 4 (31)
1983 0 0 4 (39)
1984 2 (23) 0 2 (41)
1986 5 (34) Did not compete 6 (52)
1988 Did not compete 2 (37) 7 (67)
1990 Did not compete 0 3 (79)
1994 Did not compete 3 (49) 0
1995 Did not compete Retired 1 (85)
The 1960s: Both were running in Top Fuel in the decade, and Garlits' first win, at the 1963 Winternationals, was actually Prudhomme's national event debut with the Greer-Black Prudhomme car. Garlits won the 1964 Nationals before Prudhomme became nationally famous by driving Roland Leong's Hawaiian to wins at the Winternationals and Nationals in 1965.
Both went winless in 1966; it was Prudhomme's first solo foray with the B&M Torkmaster car while Garlits was experimenting with his first 426 in the red-painted Swamp Rat 10; it's also the year that Garlits' father died.
Prudhomme won the Springnationals in Bristol in 1967 with sixes in the Brand Ford Special, and Garlits followed with his second Nationals win, the memorable shaving-on-the-starting-line after finally running his first six in the final with the back-in-black Swamp Rat 11. Garlits won the Springnationals and the Nationals (again!) in 1968 with Swamp Rat 12-B while "the Snake" went winless with the Shelby Super Snake.
Prudhomme won the Nationals for the second time in 1969, driving his Wynn's Winder to victory; Garlits was driving the fateful Swamp Rat 13 and experimenting with two-speed transmissions, a combination that would maim him the following March at Lions.
The 1970s: Garlits sat out the 1970 season recuperating from his devastating injuries, and Prudhomme joined him as a three-time Indy champ that year, winning the explosively memorable final round over Jim Nicoll. Garlits was back in action in 1971 with the new rear-engine car and famously won the Winternationals in its debut as well as the Springnationals. Prudhomme was trying to run his new Hot Wheels Funny Car and the weird "slab-sided" dragster, and the split effort showed; he didn't run but half of the events and, for the first time in his career, was first-round fodder when he did.
Prudhomme's last full season in Top Fuel was 1972 with the Yellow Feather and the Hot Wheels wedge, and though he reached the quarterfinals on several occasions, he didn't win. Garlits, by now heavy into AHRA and warring with Wally Parks, won the only NHRA race he entered, the Gatornationals. Garlits beat the year's killer e.t. car, the Jack McKay New Dimension machine with Clayton Harris in the saddle, and Garlits went as far as pouring tablespoons of oil into his own headers before he fired to try to psyche Harris into thinking that his engine was wounded.
Prudhomme got back into the winner's circle in 1973 with his first Funny Car win, at the Nationals, where he became the first to win the Big Go in both nitro classes. Garlits bookended his season with wins on Prudhomme's California home turf at the Winternationals and Supernationals. Garlits won the combo Supernationals/World Finals again in 1974 in Ontario while "the Snake" conquered Indy again and also won Garlits' hometown Gatornationals.
Garlits had a strong 1975 with three wins and his first championship, but Prudhomme, of course, went that far better with six wins in eight events and his first title with the vaunted Army Monza. Prudhomme's 1976 encore was seven wins in eight races and, for the first time since the 1967 Springnationals, had more career wins than Garlits, who boycotted the NHRA tour that year. Prudhomme won three more times in 1977 (including his sixth Indy) en route to his third straight championship while Garlits only ran about two-thirds of the events and scored only (again) at the Gatornationals.
Despite three more wins in 1978 and his fourth championship, it was clear that pack was closing on Prudhomme; Garlits won the Gatornationals and Indy, the latter for the fifth time. Garlits won three times in 1979 to close the decade while Prudhomme won just once, over an eight-car field at le Grandnational in Canada, and relinquished his long-worn crown to Raymond Beadle.
The 1980s: Despite occasional forays into NHRA competition – most notably his 1982 runner-up to Shirley Muldowney at the Gatornationals (where she memorably ranked him as a "marginal" driver before a national TV audience) – Garlits wouldn't win again on the NHRA trail until his Rocky-like comeback at the 1984 U.S. Nationals as he protested various NHRA rules he didn't like and experimented with wild machines, like his sidewinder and turbine cars, and ran IHRA and AHRA events.
The early 1980s weren't that kind to Prudhomme either. He still won his share but began to fall down the final standings chart: sixth in 1980, seventh in 1983, and a stunning 10th in 1984. Not that "the Snake" couldn't still bring it – witness the first 250-mph Funny Car pass and unreal 5.63 in 1982 – but the killer instinct seemed to have been worn out as he went winless in 1983, 1984, and 1985, his first skunkings in a decade. "The Snake" sat out the 1986 season – his first sabbatical ever – looking for funding.
Garlits, meanwhile, had experienced a career renaissance and – in some people's minds, including mine – almost single-handedly saved Top Fuel from extinction with his inspiring win at Indy and a follow-up at the Finals. While Prudhomme was struggling, Garlits put together back-to-back 1985-86 seasons of six and five wins and championships No. 2 and 3 while looking like the "Big Daddy" of old and opened 1987 with his 35th – and, ultimately, final – win. It was very cool for new fans of the 1980s to get a glimpse of how tough "the Old Man" used to be in his heyday.
Prudhomme returned in 1987 with backing from Skoal that would last through the end of his driving career and won the Gatornationals that year, defeating the car of his longtime pal Roland Leong (Johnny West driving) in the final. He and Garlits were tied then with 345 careers win. Prudhomme got some more of his mojo back and had a top-five car from 1987 to 1988 but looked like he was all the way back in 1989, especially a national-record-setting weekend in Indy when he swept the Big Bud Shootout and his seventh and final U.S. Nationals crown.
If 1987 was Prudhomme's comeback win, it was also the beginning of the end for Garlits. He had walked away unhurt and unfazed from his 1986 Englishtown blowover but another just before Indy in 1987 broke two ribs and injured his back. Other than a guest shot in Shirley Muldowney's car in the opening qualifying session at the NHRA event in Dallas in late 1989 in an attempt to add a 4-Second Club membership card to his already bulging billfold (he just missed with a 5.07), he wouldn't race again until 1992.
The 1990s: With his Funny Car at the top of its game in 1989, it surprised a lot of people when he announced that he was returning to Top Fuel in 1989. He admitted he had been spooked by Don Gay Jr.'s nasty fire at the 1989 event in Denver – Prudhomme not only ran alongside him but helped pull him out of the smoldering chassis – and wanted the engine behind him, but there were other reasons.
"We had thought of doing this in 1987, but I didn't want to leave Funny Car running terrible," he said. "I wanted to go out a winner. Now that we are running great, I can go out a winner. Top Fuel is the No. 1 class, and I want to be a part of it."
It wasn't a warm welcome.
He backflipped his Skoal Bandit in December testing in Bakersfield and again at Le Grandnational in Canada and went winless in the season, but things got better. He opened 1991 with three runner-ups before reaching the winner's circle in Columbus and won twice more that year (finishing third in points) and won three times again in 1992 (sixth place).
Garlits' 1992 comeback lasted just a few runs. He competed at the Atlanta event, which Prudhomme won, but failed to qualify with his slick new monowinged Swamp Rat 32 but had unknowingly suffered detached retinas in both eyes during a two-parachute stop during pre-event testing in Gainesville. He retired (again) and turned the seat over to Bruce Larson. He's run again this decade, just once, in a New Year's Eve match race against Shirley Muldowney in Florida to celebrate the new millennium. He wouldn't drive again until the 2001 U.S. Nationals, where he made his first four-second and 300-mph passes and then ran sporadically in 2002-03 before retiring (again).
Prudhomme finished out his final five seasons all in Top Fuel. After a winless 1993 campaign, his "Final Strike" retirement season was a great one with wins in Houston, Brainerd, and Dallas to take him to 49 career wins. Runner-up finishes in E-town and Topeka meant that milestone win No. 50 eluded him (although he did also win that year's non-points Winston Invitational). He retired from driving after losing to Bob Vandergriff Jr. in round one at the Finals but went on to win Top Fuel season championships with Larry Dixon and race wins with drivers like Ron Capps, Tommy Johnson Jr., and Spencer Massey.
The Glidden factor: As you can see from the chart, it didn't take long for Glidden to catch up thanks to his rampaging Ford Pro Stockers. After a runner-up in his first final at the 1972 Supernationals, he started piling up wins beginning in 1973 like they were going out of style. Within five seasons, he has surpassed Garlits' total and within seven had topped Prudhomme.
Prudhomme had been the first to reach the once unthinkable total of 25 wins (1978 Winternationals), but Glidden was the first to reach 50 wins (1986 Dallas) and 75 wins (1989 Reading). The fact that it took him just three seasons to go from 25 to 50 is testament to just how tough he was in that era.
Glidden's only winless season came in 1994, but, despite a heart attack in December 1994, he came back to win his 85th and final event the next year in Englishtown.
Wow, that was a lot of fun and brought back a lot of good memories. It's amazing sometimes to try to imagine the length of their careers and the thousands and thousands of runs they have made over their careers, all of the miles they've traveled, places they've raced, work they've done, and fans they have thrilled over the course of two amazing lifetimes. It's no wonder they're still regarded as gods.


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Defining architecture
Defining design
Architectural and design concerns
Evolutionary architecture and emergent design
Investigating architecture and design
Discovering more-maintainable design and architecture
Neal Ford
Content series:
This content is part # of # in the series: Evolutionary architecture and emergent design
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Stay tuned for additional content in this series.
This content is part of the series:Evolutionary architecture and emergent design
Architecture and design in software have resisted firm definitions for a long time because software development as a discipline has not yet fully grasped all their intricacies and implications. But to create reasonable discourse about these topics, you have to start somewhere. This article series concerns evolutionary architecture and emergent design, so it makes sense to start the series with some definitions, considerations, and other ground-setting.
This series aims to provide a fresh perspective on the often-discussed but elusive concepts of software architecture and design. Through concrete examples, Neal Ford gives you a solid grounding in the agile practices of evolutionary architecture and emergent design. By deferring important architectural and design decisions until the last responsible moment, you can prevent unnecessary complexity from undermining your software projects.
Architecture in software is one of the most talked about yet least understood concepts that developers grapple with. At conferences, talks and birds-of-a-feather gatherings about architecture pack the house, but we still have only vague definitions for it. When we discuss architecture, we're really talking about several different but related concerns that generally fall into the broad categories of application architecture and enterprise architecture.
Application architecture describes the coarse-grained pieces that compose an application. In the Java world, for example, application architecture describes two things: the combination of frameworks used to build a particular application — which I call the framework-level architecture — and the more traditional logical separation of concerns, for which I'm sticking with the application architecture moniker. Splitting framework architecture as a distinction matters because most practitioners of object-oriented languages have discovered that individual classes don't work well as a reuse mechanism. (When was the last time you downloaded a single class from the Internet to use in a project?) The unit of reuse in modern object-oriented languages is the library or framework. When you start a new project in framework-rich languages like the Java language, one of the first architectural concerns is the application's framework-level architecture. This style of reuse prevails so deeply in the Java world that I've started saying that we should stop referring to Java programming as an object-oriented language and should call it a framework-oriented language. In many ways, the framework-level architecture represents a physical architecture, described by specific building blocks.
The other interesting aspect of application architecture describes how the logical pieces of the application fit together. This is the realm of design patterns and other structural descriptions, and thus tends to be both more abstract and logical rather than physical. For example, you can say that a Web application adheres to the Model-View-Presenter pattern without specifying which framework you use to achieve that logical arrangement. This logical arrangement is the one most likely to adorn the whiteboards of your workspace as you start working on new parts of the application.
Enterprise architecture concerns itself with how the enterprise as a whole (which usually means the applications running inside a large organization) consumes applications. A common useful metaphor for the relationship between enterprise and application architecture likens enterprise to city planning and application to building architecture. City planners have to think about getting water, electricity, sewage, and other services to allow the city to function. You can't have one building that consumes more than its share of the water supply. Enterprise architecture ponders the same kinds of things for applications: you can't allow one application to consume all of the network's bandwidth, and if infrastructure services crash, (virtual) sewage backs up.
Enterprise architecture has gotten a lot of attention over the last few years because of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). SOA is a massive topic in its own right, so future installments of this series will tackle it as a special case. It has its own interesting aspects because it blurs the lines between enterprise and application architecture when it dictates characteristics of application construction.
The preceding paragraphs offer superficial definitions of these important concepts, but they serve as a launching pad for other more interesting, more nuanced definitions of architecture, including a few definitions harvested from others.
Extant definitions
Many smart people have taken a shot at defining software architecture, so I'm going to let them provide some food for thought. In his classic white paper "Who Needs an Architect?" (see Related topics), Martin Fowler discusses several definitions. He quotes the first one from a posting on an Extreme Programming mailing list:
"The RUP, working off the IEEE definition, defines architecture as 'the highest level concept of a system in its environment. The architecture of a software system (at a given point in time) is its organization or structure of significant components interacting through interfaces, those components being composed of successively smaller components and interfaces.'"
This definition fits nicely within the realm of application architecture as I've described it above. While vague, it does capture the essence of architecture's responsibility: the highest-level concept.
Fowler then quotes Ralph Johnson, who disputed the preceding definition in a reply on the mailing list:
"A better definition would be: 'In most successful software projects, the expert developers working on that project have a shared understanding of the design system design. This shared understanding is called "architecture." This understanding includes how the system is divided into components and how the components interact through interfaces.'"
Johnson makes an excellent point that software development relies on communication more than technology, and that architecture really represents the shared knowledge about the system, not anything specifically about languages, frameworks, and other technological ephemera.
In the aforementioned paper, Fowler himself provides one of my favorite definitions of architecture:
"Architecture is about the important stuff. Whatever that is."
This is appropriately vague but oh so descriptive at the same time. Many of the arguments about architecture and design revolve around misunderstanding what is important. What's important to business analysts differs from the important stuff for an enterprise architect. This definition nicely encapsulates that you must define your terms within your environment before you can try to define other things.
Fowler's definition also highlights another important aspect of defining something as nuanced as architecture. "The important stuff" not only varies among individuals and groups; those differences can in fact be mutually exclusive. For example, virtually all SOAs make a trade-off between flexibility and speed. The old client/server system you're using now is almost certainly faster than the Web-based, portlet-engine, service-based version replacing it. Unless the new application was written by terrible developers, the extra layers providing the flexibility mean that the response time for users goes up, making it slower for them. Perhaps the architect is the one who gets to tell the users, "Oh, by the way, the new SOA thing we're installing will make it much better for us, but your job will now suck more. Sorry." Maybe that's why architects get paid more than developers.
Which leaves my favorite definition for architecture:
"Stuff that's hard to change later."
This definition fits best into the idea of an evolutionary architecture. One of the core ideas behind evolutionary architecture is to defer decisions as late as you can, which allows you to substitute alternatives that recent experience has shown are superior. Many of the building blocks of this style of architecture appear throughout this article series and motivated the creation of the series.
Before leaving the discussion of architecture, I would be remiss if I didn't discuss the "architect" job title. It annoys human resources departments that we as an industry have such poorly defined titles. Many organizations want to promote their best developers — the ones making important decisions about stuff that's hard to change later — but no good industry term exists besides "architect." No common job description exists either, so every company defines what this role means. Some of the architects resemble the Architect at the end of the second Matrix movie (which Fowler categorizes as Architectus Reloadus). These architects last wrote code about a decade ago, and now they're making the important decisions for your company. The only software-development tool they use is Visio.
The alternative architect role is one that Fowler calls Architectus Oryzus (named after David Rice, one of my colleagues). These architects actively contribute code to the project, pairing with other developers on the hardest parts. Their responsibilities also include interacting with other project stakeholders to make sure that everyone speaks the same language, uses the same definitions, and understands the parts of the system they need to understand. Obviously, this active role is critical to realizing the goals of evolutionary architecture, and thus will appear over and over in this series.
Most developers already have a pretty good sense of design, so I won't spend as much time defining it. It represents the nuts and bolts of how a piece of software goes together. It encompasses well-trodden territory such as design patterns, refactoring, frameworks, and other daily developer concerns. Design roughly falls on a spectrum between BDUF (Big Design Up Front) and Cowboy Hacking, as shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1. Spectrum of design
View image at full size
The left side of the spectrum in Figure 1 suggests that you can anticipate all the hundreds and thousands of concerns that pop up when you develop software and tries to limit your responses to them. You'll read much more on this in subsequent installments. Because I'm not spending much time defining design doesn't mean that I won't spend a lot of time talking about it. The bulk of this series covers different aspects of how you can allow design to emerge as you develop rather than setting it in stone before you write your first line of code.
Notice that this series is called Evolutionary architecture and emergent design. Why the distinction between evolutionary and emergent? Emergent architecture, as one of my colleagues pointed out to me, isn't such a hot idea. If you accept the premise that architecture is about things hard to change later, it becomes difficult to allow an architecture to emerge. Architecture concerns infrastructure elements that must exist before you can start the application. However, just because you can't allow architecture to emerge doesn't mean that it can't evolve. If you have created a flexible architecture and taken care not to create an irreversible decision, you can allow it to evolve over time as new concerns appear.
With working definitions of architecture and design now at hand, I want to delve into a few overarching areas of concern. All these topics intersect with both architecture and design at a fundamental level, so covering them up front allows me to refer back to them later in the series. First, I discuss technical debt, then complexity, and finally rampant genericness.
Every developer becomes aware of the concept of technical debt, whereby you make compromises in your design for the sake of some external force, such as schedule pressure. Technical debt resembles credit card debt: you don't have enough funds at the moment, so you borrow against the future. Similarly, your project doesn't have enough time to do something right, so you hack a just-in-time solution and hope to use some future time to come back and retrofit it. Unfortunately, many managers don't seem to understand technical debt, causing resistance to revisiting past work.
Building software isn't like digging a ditch. If you make compromises when you dig a ditch, you just get uneven width or unequal depth. Today's flawed ditch doesn't prevent you from digging a good ditch tomorrow. But the software you build today is the foundation for what you build tomorrow. Compromises made now for the sake of expediency cause entropy to build up in your software. In the book The Pragmatic Programmer, Andy Hunt and Dave Thomas talk about entropy in software and why it has such a detrimental effect (see Related topics). Entropy is a measure of complexity, and if you add complexity now because of a just-in-time solution to a problem, you must pay some price for that for the remaining life of the project.
Let's say that you want to add new features to an existing, long-running project. These new features have a certain inherent complexity to them. However, if you have technical debt already, you must work around those compromised parts of the system to add new features. Thus, the cost for additions mirrors the financial metaphor. Figure 2 shows the difference between the effort required to add a new feature in a cleanly designed system (for example, one with little or no technical debt), versus a typical system that contains a lot of technical debt.
Figure 2. Technical debt and interest
You can think of the inherent complexity as the principal, and the extra effort imposed by previous expedient shortcuts as the interest. Complexity is an interesting subject all by itself.
Essential vs. accidental complexity
Problems that we solve in software have an inherent complexity, which I call essential complexity. Complexity arising from the compromises we make that incur technical debt is different. It consists of all the externally imposed ways that software becomes complex, and it shouldn't exist in a perfect world. I call this accidental complexity. I define and discuss these terms in depth in my book The Productive Programmer (see Related topics). These terms generally aren't purely cut and dried: they exist on a spectrum, like design. Some examples will help clarify the distinction.
One of my colleagues worked on a payroll system for a unionized company. One of the concessions that the union secured for some of its members was an extra day off for the start of hunting season. (Hey, they must have had good negotiators.) The employees in question worked at only one factory, but accommodating the extra day off was a legitimate part of the payroll system for the whole company. The change added a lot of complexity to the software, but it was essential complexity because it was part of the business problem to solve.
Another example a little further along the spectrum pops up all the time: field-level security on entry forms. Lots of business people think they want fine-grained control of each field's security characteristics. In reality, they almost always hate it when it is implemented because it creates such a burden on the users who need to define and maintain all that metadata. The business people on one of our projects really wanted this feature, so we implemented part of it on one of the screens for them. Once they saw first-hand how much effort was required to make it work, they decided that, because the only access to the application was from a locked office, they could go with more coarse-grained security. This is a great example of a design decision that emerged once the business saw the reality of what they thought they wanted.
At the far end of the spectrum toward accidental complexity is pure plumbing exercises like the first two versions of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology and tools like BizTalk. A few projects need the extra overhead introduced by these tools, but they do nothing but add complexity to most of the projects that use them.
Three things tend to spawn accidental complexity. I've already discussed the first: just-in-time hacks to code because of schedule or other external pressures. The second is duplication, what the Pragmatic Programmers call violations of the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle. Duplication is the single most insidious diminishing force in software development because it manages to creep into so many places without developers even realizing it. The obvious example is copy-and-paste code, but more sophisticated examples abound. For example, just about every project that uses an object-relational mapping tool (such as Hibernate or iBatis) has lots of duplication. Your database schema, the XML mapping file, and the backing POJOs have slightly different but overlapping information. It is possible to fix this by creating a canonical source for that information and generating the other parts. Duplication harms projects because it resists attempts to make structural changes or refactor toward better code. If you know that you need to change something in three different places, you avoid doing it even if it would make the code better in the long run.
The third enabler of accidental complexity is irreversibility. Any decision you make that cannot be reversed will eventually lead to some level of accidental complexity. Irreversibility affects both architecture and design, although its effects are both more common and more damaging at the architectural level. Try to avoid decisions impossible or cumbersome to reverse. One of the mantras I've heard some of my colleagues use is to wait until the last responsible moment. This doesn't mean that you should put off decisions too long, but just long enough. What is the last responsible moment you can make a decision about some architectural concern? The longer you can avoid the decision, the more possibilities you leave open for yourself. Ask yourself: "Do I need to make that decision now?" and "What can I do to allow me to defer that decision?" You'll be surprised at the things you can defer until later if you just apply some ingenuity to your decision-making process.
The distinction I made earlier between framework-level architecture and application architecture ties into the principle of Last Responsible Moment. The application architecture tends to be a logical architecture. For example, suppose you know that you want the separation of concerns of Model-View-Presenter. Too often, you make the leap to a physical implementation of that logical architecture by choosing a framework that meets some or all of the requirements. See if you can defer that decision because once you have the physical implementation in place, it constrains the other kinds of decisions you must consider. Putting the framework decision off as long as you can leaves you open to better options that are less polluted by reality.
Rampant genericness
The last of the overarching concerns for architecture and design is a phrase I've made up called rampant genericness. We seem to have a disease in the Java world: overengineering solutions by trying to make them as generic as possible. The motivation for this is clear: If we build in lots of layers for extension, we can more easily build more onto it later. However, this is a dangerous trap. Because genericness adds entropy, you damage your ability to evolve the design in interesting ways early in the project. Adding too much flexibility makes every change to the code base more complex.
Of course, you can't ignore extensibility. The agile movement has a great phrase that sums up the decision process for implementing features: YAGNI (You Ain't Gonna Need It). This is the mantra to try to avoid overengineering simple features. Just implement exactly what you need now, and if you need more stuff later, you can add it then. I've seen some Java projects so bloated with compromises in both architecture and design made at the altar of genericness and extensibility that the projects failed. This is of course ironic because planning for the project to live as long as possible truncated its life. Learning how to navigate the fine line between extensibility and overengineering is tough, and it's a subject I'll come back to frequently.
This article contains a lot of hand waving and no source code, which makes it unlike all the other upcoming articles in this series. One of the problems inherent in discussing complex subjects like architecture and design is the context-setting that has to occur to make sure that everyone is on the same page. I've set the stage for the rest of the parts of this series, where I'll delve into specific areas relating to evolutionary architecture and emergent design. Each article will dive deep into a particular illustrative aspect of one or both of these concepts, with lots of detail and source code. Next up: I talk about emergent design through test-driven development, which I've renamed test-driven design.
PDF of this content
"Who Needs an Architect?" (Martin Fowler, IEEE Software, September 2003): Read Fowler's classic white paper.
The Productive Programmer (Neal Ford, O'Reilly Media, 2008)): Neal Ford's most recent book expands on several topics in this article.
The Pragmatic Programmer (Andy Hunt and Dave Thomas, The Pragmatic Bookshelf, 2001): This book includes a discussion of entropy's effect on software.
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Following 12 months of impressive growth, a Middlesbrough-based shipping container supplier has expanded into a new head office, entirely constructed from its own containers.
Cleveland Containers, one of the largest independent shipping container supplier in the UK, has built its new head office with six 40-foot high cube shipping containers.
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Being able to hold stock in 16 depots nationwide, Cleveland Containers distributes upwards of 100 containers per week and has grown by 20 per cent throughout its five years of business. It has established contracts with national and international companies, including Barker & Stonehouse and one of the UK's largest house building firms, Persimmon Homes.
Managing Director Johnathan Bulmer, said: "Moving into larger, modern offices has been a goal of ours for some time now and after experiencing significant growth over the past year, we knew we were ready for the change.
"As a shipping container supplier with the ability to provide bespoke modifications, it made sense to construct our new offices out of shipping containers to showcase our skills.
A significant contributor to the move was one of the Company's recent contract wins; it will be suppling a major national home building firm with shipping containers for its construction sites all over the country.
Marketing Manager Lewis Pennicott said: "Temporary office containers are a common feature of construction sites, but to build a permanent workspace out of containers is quite unique; there are only a few other complexes like this in the country.


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В 2015 году женская сборная России по волейболу приняла участие в трёх официальных турнирах, проводимых под эгидой ФИВБ.

Турниры и матчи

Гран-при

Россия: Щербань (15 очков), Любушкина (8), Обмочаева (20), Косьяненко (3), Фетисова (8), Ильченко (10), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Малых (1), Пасынкова (1).
Германия: Вайсс, Бринкер, Козух, Брандт, Вайхенмайер, Шёльцель, Дюрр — либеро, Томсен — либеро. Выход на замену: Швертман, Ханке, Липпман, Полл, Шафер.

Россия: Щербань (1), Любушкина (2), Обмочаева (7), Косьяненко (4), Орлова (7), Ильченко (11), Малова — либеро, Кравченко — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова (2), Малых (5), Пасынкова (10), Е.Ефимова (7).
Доминиканская Республика: Мехиа Лисвель, Морено Мартинес, Анхелес Рохас, Рондон Мартинес, Гонсалес Лопес, Родригес, Фернандес Перес — либеро. Выход на замену: Нуньес, Торибио де Леон, Гарсия де ла Крус.

Россия: Щербань (5), Пасынкова (3), Любушкина (8), Обмочаева (26), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (10), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Малых (3), Ильченко (7), Бирюкова, Е.Ефимова.
Китай: Юань Синьюэ, Чжу Тин, Шэнь Цзинси, Ян Цзюньцзин, Цзэн Чуньлэй, Хуэй Жуоци, Линь Ли — либеро. Выход на замену: Ян Фансюй, Дин Ся, Чжан Чаннин, Янь Ни.

Россия: Пасынкова (3), Любушкина (2), Обмочаева (14), Косьяненко (1), Орлова (5), Ильченко (7), Малова — либеро, Кравченко — либеро. Выход на замену: Бирюкова (1), О.Ефимова, Малых, Щербань.
США: Джиббмейер, Креклоу, Диксон, Робинсон, Вансэнт, Лоу, Бэнуорт — либеро. Выход на замену: Томпсон, Н.Фосетт, Хилл.

Россия: Пасынкова (13), Любушкина (10), Обмочаева (27), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (9), Ильченко (7), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова (1), Малых, Бирюкова (5).
Сербия: Дрпа, Живкович, Николич, Стеванович, Рашич, Буша, Попович — либеро, Чебич — либеро. Выход на замену: Огненович, Бошкович, Малешевич, Савич.

Россия: Пасынкова (9), Любушкина (10), Обмочаева (28), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (8), Ильченко (5), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Малых (2), Щербань, Бирюкова (6).
Турция: Акман, Услупехливан, Онал-Пашаоглу, Юртдагюлен, Оздемир, Дагделенлер, Далбелер — либеро. Выход на замену: Эркан, Баша, Акын, Боз.

Россия: Щербань (8), Любушкина (2), Косьяненко, Фетисова (1), Малых (19), Бирюкова (5), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Обмочаева (1), Ильченко, Е.Ефимова (2).
Бразилия: Жусели, Дани Линс, Карол, Габи, Наталия, Моник, Сасса — либеро. Выход на замену: Ивна, Роберта.

Россия: Щербань (13), Любушкина (7), Косьяненко (2), Фетисова (10), Малых (14), Ильченко (15), Кравченко — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова (1), Обмочаева (16).
Италия: Сорокайте, Малинов, К.Бозетти, Гуиджи, Кирикелла, Л.Бозетти, М.Ди Дженнаро — либеро. Выход на замену: Тироцци, Диуф, Эгону, Орро.

Россия:Пасынкова (10), Любушкина (2), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (12), Малых (6), Ильченко (2), Кравченко — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Обмочаева (8), Щербань (5).
Бельгия: Хейрман, Лейс, Альбрехт, Вандестене, ван де Вивер, Колс, Куртуа — либеро. Выход на замену: Бибаув, Чианчи, Гробельна.

Россия: Щербань (11), Любушкина (8), Обмочаева (28), Косьяненко, Фетисова (1), Ильченко (3), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Орлова (2), Пасынкова (5).
Италия: Сорокайте, Малинов, Гуиджи, Кирикелла, Тироцци, Диуф, М.Ди Дженнаро — либеро, Сансонна — либеро. Выход на замену: К.Бозетти, Л.Бозетти, Силла.

Россия: Щербань (8), Пасынкова (14), Любушкина (7), Обмочаева (24), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (7), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Фетисова.
Бразилия: Жусели, Дани Линс, Карол, Габи, Наталия, Моник, Лея — либеро. Выход на замену: Ивна, Роберта, Суэль.

Россия: Щербань (7), Пасынкова (11), Любушкина (11), Обмочаева (29), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (6), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Фетисова, Ильченко (3), Бирюкова.
США: Ларсон, Хилл, Акинрадево, Креклоу, Диксон, Лоу, Бэнуорт — либеро. Выход на замену: Томпсон, Мёрфи, Робинсон.

Россия: Щербань (9), Пасынкова (5), Любушкина (7), Обмочаева (20), Косьяненко (3), Орлова (4), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: О.Ефимова, Фетисова (5), Ильченко (2).
Китай: Чжан Чаннин, Чжан Сяоя, Дин Ся, Лю Яньхань, Чжан Исинь, Лю Сяотун, Ван Мэнцзе — либеро. Выход на замену: Чэнь Чжань, Янь Ни, Ван На.

Россия: Щербань (13), Пасынкова (10), Любушкина (11), Обмочаева (23), Косьяненко (1), Орлова (4), Малова — либеро.
Япония: Ямагути, Утисэто, Сакода, Миясита, Отакэ, Набэя, Сато — либеро. Выход на замену: Кото, Исии, Кимура, Кога.

В первом официальном турнире сезона главный тренер сборной России Юрий Маричев привлёк в состав национальной команды сразу 7 новичков, никогда прежде за главную сборную страны не выступавших — Екатерину Любушкину, Екатерину Орлову, Ксению Ильченко, Ольгу Ефимову, Ольгу Бирюкову, Екатерину Ефимову и Ксению Кравченко. Из-за травм наставник команды не мог рассчитывать на Татьяну Кошелеву и Евгению Старцеву, а Екатерина Гамова и Светлана Крючкова решили пропустить сезон сборной.

Предварительный этап Гран-при сборная России завершила на 5-м месте и вышла в финальную стадию розыгрыша, которая прошла в Омахе (США). После побед в первых двух турах финала над Италией и Бразилией последовали два поражения от американок и команды Китая. И всё же уверенная победа в последнем матче над сборной Японии вывела российских волейболисток на 2-е место. Последний раз так высоко в итоговой классификации Гран-при сборная России поднималась 6 лет назад — в 2009 году. В символическую сборную финального раунда вошли две россиянки — диагональная нападающая Наталия Обмочаева и либеро Анна Малова.

Кубок мира

Россия: Щербань (14), Пасынкова (8), Любушкина (4), Обмочаева (24), Косьяненко (1), Орлова (4), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Кошелева (1).
Доминиканская Республика: Варгас, Ферсола, Марте Фрика, Морено, Ривера, Мамбру, Кастильо — либеро. Выход на замену: Бинет, Б.Мартинес, Дж.Мартинес, Домингес, Пенья.

Россия: Щербань (13), Пасынкова (1), Любушкина (3), Обмочаева (22), Косьяненко (1), Орлова (2), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Кошелева (34), Старцева, Малых (3), Фетисова (1).
Япония: Нагаока, Кимура, Кото, Симамура, Исии, Отакэ, Дзаясу — либеро, Сато — либеро. Выход на замену: Миясита, Набэя, Ямагути, Кога, Утисэто.

Россия: Щербань (5), Любушкина (3), Обмочаева (4), Косьяненко, Орлова (8), Кошелева (16), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Пасынкова (8), Старцева (3), Малых (10), Фетисова (4), Исаева (1).
Кения: Вайриму, Макуто, Вангечи, Мойм, Хадамби, Джепнгетич, Ваньяма — либеро. Выход на замену: Майо, Ванджа, Атука, Мурамби.

Россия: Щербань (8), Пасынкова (14), Любушкина (4), Обмочаева (13), Косьяненко (1), Орлова (7), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева (1), Малых (7), Ильченко (5), Фетисова (3), Исаева.
Аргентина: Пикколо, Соса, Ласкано, Боскаччи, Фернандес, Кастильоне, Риццо — либеро. Выход на замену: Фреско, Акоста, Сагардия, Айспируа, Скакки.

Россия: Щербань (3), Пасынкова (10), Любушкина (4), Обмочаева (16), Косьяненко, Орлова (7), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Ильченко (7), Старцева (1), Малых (3), Фетисова (6), Исаева.
Куба: Грасия, Рохас, Эрнандес, Касанова, Матьенсо, Альварес, Боррель — либеро. Выход на замену: Лескай, Луис Руис.

Россия: Щербань (10), Пасынкова, Любушкина (5), Обмочаева (25), Косьяненко, Орлова (3), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (1), Кошелева (14), Фетисова.
Южная Корея: Ким Хи Чжин, Ли Чже Ён, Ким Ён Гун, Ян Хё Чжин, Чхо Сон Хва, Пак Ён А, На Хён Чжун — либеро, Им Мён Ок — либеро. Выход на замену: Ли Со Ён, Чхэ Сон А, Ли Да Ён, Хван Ён Чжу.

Россия: Щербань (13), Любушкина (8), Обмочаева (27), Косьяненко (2), Орлова (10), Кошелева (18), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (3), Пасынкова (2), Ильченко.
Сербия: Михайлович, Огненович, Николич, Стеванович, Рашич, Бошкович, Попович — либеро, Чебич — либеро. Выход на замену: Малешевич, Велькович.

Россия: Любушкина (5), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (13), Кошелева (19), Малых (15), Ильченко (5), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева (1), Исаева (1).
Перу: де ла Пенья, Урибе, Регаладо, ла Роса, Олемар, Ортис, Эгоавиль — либеро. Выход на замену: Руэда, Муньос, Герреро.

Россия: Щербань (14), Любушкина (7), Обмочаева (14), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (14), Кошелева (16), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (1), Пасынкова (1), Орлова.
США: Э.Глэсс, Ларсон, Хармотто-Дитцен, Хилл, Акинрадево, Лоу, Бэнуорт — либеро. Выход на замену: Н,Фосетт, Креклоу, Робинсон, Диксон.

Россия: Щербань (15), Любушкина (2), Обмочаева (16), Косьяненко (2), Фетиосва (5), Кошелева (24), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (5), Пасынкова (1), Орлова (5).
Китай: Чжу Тин, Шэнь Цзинси, Ян Цзюньцзин, Чжэн Чуньлэй, Чжан Чаннин, Янь Ни, Линь Ли — либеро, Ван Мэнцзе — либеро. Выход на замену: Дин Ся, Лю Яньань, Лю Сяотун, Чжан Сяоя, Юань Синьюэ.

Россия: Пасынкова (16), Любушкина (8), Старцева (3), Фетисова (14), Малых (15), Ильченко (4), Кузякина — либеро.
Алжир: Аит Умгар, Амель, Хаммуш, Имадали, Маньяна, Бенмохтар, Мебарки — либеро. Выход на замену: Бельхосин, Аяди, Сади, Касри.

После 16-летнего перерыва сборная России вновь получила возможность стартовать на Кубке мира. Как и прежде этот турнир являлся первым этапом отбора на Олимпийские игры, но в отличие от предыдущих лет квалификация от Европы на Кубок-2015 осуществлялась не по результатам чемпионата Европы, а по мировому рейтингу. Благодаря ему путёвки от Европы на турнир получили сборные России и Сербии.

По сравнению с финальным этапом Гран-при в составе российской команды произошли изменения. Вернулись после восстановительного лечения Татьяна Кошелева и Евгения Старцева, а также Наталья Малых, из-за травмы в финале Гран-при участия не принимавшая. Также Маричев привлёк в состав диагональную нападающую Дарью Исаеву и либеро Викторию Кузякину.

На самом же турнире основная борьбы за две олимпийские путёвки развернулась между сборными России, Китая, США, Сербии и Японии. 6 туров россиянки прошли без поражений, но в 7-м уступили команде Сербии 2:3, ведя в счёте после двух партий 2:0. В матче 9-го игрового дня сборная России одержала яркую победу в трёх сетах над лидировавшей до того командой США, но поражение на следующий день от китаянок со счётом 1:3, отбросило российских волейболисток на 4-е место, на котором в итоге они и остались в итоговой классификации. В символическую сборную турнира были включены диагональная нападающая Наталия Обмочаева и нападающая-доигровщица Татьяна Кошелева.

Чемпионат Европы

Россия: Пасынкова (9), Обмочаева (13), Косьяненко (3), Фетисова (2), Кошелева (13), Заряжко (12), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (3), Ильченко.
Болгария: Китипова, Рабаджиева, Коева, Русева, Василева, Э.Николова, М.Филипова — либеро. Выход на замену: Димитрова, Янева, Баракова.

Россия: Пасынкова (5), Обмочаева (17), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (6), Кошелева (16), Заряжко (9), Малова — либеро, Кузякина — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (3), Любушкина (3).
Белоруссия: Молосай, Калиновская, Горелик, Капко, Барышевич, Михайленко, Павлюковская — либеро, Федоринчик — либеро. Выход на замену: Павлова, Климович, Гурова, Ионова.

Россия: Пасынкова (3), Обмочаева (10), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (4), Кошелева (18), Заряжко (11), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева (2), Малых (4), Любушкина (3), Ильченко (2).
Хорватия: Ушич, Грбач, Топич, Милош, Барун, Поляк, Божичевич — либеро. Выход на замену: Фабрис, Брчич.

Россия: Пасынкова (3), Обмочаева (17), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (13), Кошелева (24), Заряжко (13), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых (1), Ильченко (3).
Италия: К.Бозетти, Гуиджи, Кирикелла, Ло Бьянко, Л.Бозетти, Диуф, М.Ди Дженнаро — либеро. Выход на замену: Чентони, Малинов, Дель Коре, Тироцци.

Россия: Пасынкова (1), Обмочаева (17), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (3), Кошелева (23), Заряжко (16), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых, Любушкина (2), Ильченко (5).
Сербия: Малешевич, Михайлович, Огненович, Стеванович, Рашич, Бошкович, Попович — либеро, Чебич — либеро. Выход на замену: Николич, Живкович, Велькович.

Россия: Обмочаева (20), Косьяненко (1), Фетисова (5), Кошелева (19), Заряжко (5), Ильченко (5), Малова — либеро. Выход на замену: Старцева, Малых.
Нидерланды: Белин, де Крёйф, Гротхёйс, Слютьес, Бёйс, Дейкема, Стам — либеро, Схот — либеро. Выход на замену: Плак, Стенберген, Нуммердор-Флир, Столтенборг, Питерсен.

На чемпионат Европы в Нидерланды сборная России отправилась за защитой титула, выигранного двумя годами ранее на предыдущем континентальном первенстве. В заявке у действующих чемпионок «старого света» по сравнению с предыдущими турнирами этого года появилась Ирина Заряжко, а вот основная принимающая Яна Щербань из-за обострившейся травмы осталась дома.

Волею календаря и регламента весь турнир российская команда провела в одном городе — Роттердаме. По итогам группового этапа россиянки уверенно вышли в четвертьфинал с первого места, несмотря на непредсказуемое поражение от сборной Хорватии. В матчах двух первых стадий плей-офф сборная России встречала серьёзное сопротивление в поединках против сборных Италии и Сербии, но всё же побеждала каждого из соперников с одинаковым счётом 3:1. А вот в финале борьбы фактически не получилось — российские волейболистки не дали ни малейшего шанса хозяйкам решающей стадии чемпионата, сборной Нидерландов, разгромив её в трёх партиях и не дав ей ни в одном из сетов набрать более 20 очков. Практически весь турнир стартовая семёрка (включая либеро) у сборной России выглядела неизменной — связующая Екатерина Косьяненко, диагональная Наталия Обмочаева, доигровщицы Татьяна Кошелева и Александра Пасынкова, центральные блокирующие Ирина Фетисова и Ирина Заряжко, либеро Анна Малова. Лишь в финале с первых минут вместо Пасынковой играла Ксения Ильченко. Кроме них свой вклад в победу внесли Евгения Старцева, Екатерина Любушкина, Наталья Малых, Виктория Кузякина и Екатерина Орлова. Лучшим игроком чемпионата вновь, как и на предыдущем первенстве, признана Татьяна Кошелева. В символическую сборную первенства из российских волейболисток вошли та же Кошелева, а также Заряжко и Малова.

Интересно, что второй чемпионат Европы подряд в финале сборной России противостояли хозяйки турниров — в 2013 Германия, а ныне Нидерланды. Кроме этого, состоялось уже второе подряд тренерское финальное противостояние — Маричев против Гуидетти, который в 2013 возглавлял немецкую команду, а теперь голландскую.

Итоги
Всего на счету сборной России в 2015 году 31 официальный матч. Из них выиграно 22, проиграно 9. Соотношение партий 71:36. Соперниками россиянок в этих матчах были национальные сборные 20 стран.

Состав
В скобках после количество игр указано число матчей, проведённых волейболисткой в стартовом составе + в качестве либеро.

 Главный тренер — Юрий Маричев.
 Тренер — Игорь Курносов, Константин Ушаков.

Всего в 2015 году в составе сборной России в официальных турнирах играло 19 волейболисток, представлявших 8 клубов. Во всех проведённых сборной матчах на этих турнирах не играл никто. 30 матчей в активе капитана команды Екатерины Косьяненко, причём во всех она выходила в стартовом составе. Самой результивной стала Наталия Обмочаева, набравшая в 29 матчах 526 очков (в среднем по 18,8 за игру).

Другие турниры
 Кубок Бориса Ельцина. 17—21 июня.  Екатеринбург.
Очередной розыгрыш Кубка Бориса Ельцина прошёл по круговой системе с участием 5 команд и завершился победой сборной России, не потерпевшей на турнире ни одного поражения.

Результаты сборной России:
 17 июня. Россия — Израиль 3:0 (25:11, 25:14, 25:13);
 18 июня. Россия — Чехия 3:0 (25:16, 25:14, 25:15);
 20 июня. Россия — Казахстан 3:0 (28:26, 32:30, 25:18);
 21 июня. Россия — Китай 3:0 (25:10, 25:21, 25:15).

Состав сборной России:
 Александра Пасынкова — 3 игры (3 в стартовом составе)/ 27 очков, Ольга Ефимова — 4/ 4, Екатерина Любушкина — 4 (4)/ 27, Наталия Обмочаева — 3 (3)/ 41, Екатерина Косьяненко — 4 (4)/ 8, Ирина Фетисова — 3 (3)/ 27, Наталья Малых — 4 (1)/ 35, Ксения Ильченко — 4 (4)/ 48, Анна Малова — 3 (либеро), Ксения Кравченко — 3/ 9, Екатерина Ефимова — 2 (1)/ 9, Ольга Бирюкова — 3 (1)/ 11, Александра Иванова — 1 (либеро).

Вторая сборная
В 2015 году была сформирована вторая сборная России, которой предстояло принять участие в двух официальных турнирах — Европейских играх и Всемирной Универсиаде. Главным тренером назначен Вадим Панков — наставник подмосковной команды «Заречье-Одинцово» и куратор всех сборных резерва Всероссийской федерации волейбола.

В июне в столице Азербайджана Баку прошли первые в истории Европейские игры. В женском волейбольном турнире этих комплексных соревнований приняла участие и вторая российская сборная. На предварительном этапе в своей группе россиянки заняли 4-е место и в четвертьфинале встретились со сборной Турции, ставшей в другой группе предварительного этапа первой. Поражение от турчанок лишило российских волейболисток возможности бороться за медали. Следует отметить, что соперники сборной России на Играх были представлены своими основными составами.

Менее чем через месяц вторая сборная России под флагом студенческой сборной и практически тем же составом, что и на Европейских играх приняла участие во Всемирной Универсиаде, прошедшей в южнокорейском городе Кванджу. Не смогли участвовать только связующая Анна Матиенко (по возрасту), центральная блокирующая Юлия Подскальная (из-за травмы), а также вторая либеро Кристина Курносова. По ходу турнира российские волейболистки не встретили какого-либо серьёзного соперничества со стороны своих оппоненток и во второй раз подряд стали победителями Всемирного студенческого спортивного фестиваля.

Позже в состав основной национальной команды России из числа игравших за вторую сборную входили Дарья Исаева, принявшая участие в розыгрыше Кубка мира, и Ирина Заряжко, ставшая чемпионкой Европы.

Европейские игры

Россия: Исаева (20 очков), Матиенко, Заряжко (4), Чёрная (4), Малькова (8), Воронкова (12), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Писаренко (8), Филиштинская, Подскальная, Николаева.
Нидерланды: Белин, де Крёйф, Питерсен, Слютьес, Бёйс, Дейкема, Схот — либеро. Выход на замену: Колхас, Гротхёйс, Плак, Столтенборг.

Россия: Бавыкина, Писаренко, Исаева (11), Матиенко (1), Заряжко (7), Малькова (3), Романенко — либеро, Курносова — либеро. Выход на замену: Филиштинская, Чёрная (8), Подскальная (1), Воронкова (9), Николаева (6).
Болгария: Н.Димитрова, Китипова, Г.Димитрова, Русева, Василева, Николова, М.Филипова — либеро, Тодорова — либеро. Выход на замену: Баракова, Коева.

Россия: Бавыкина (12), Исаева (21), Матиенко (1), Заряжко (10), Чёрная (6), Малькова, Романенко — либеро, Курносова — либеро. Выход на замену: Писаренко, Филиштинская, Подскальная (4), Воронкова (7).
Хорватия: Ушич, Елич, Буразер, Сушич, Фабрис, Якшевич, Божичевич — либеро. Выход на замену: Кулич.

Россия: Бавыкина (20), Исаева (24), Матиенко, Заряжко (17), Подскальная (8), Воронкова (1), Романенко — либеро, Курносова — либеро. Выход на замену: Писаренко (10), Филиштинская (1), Чёрная (3).
Германия: Бринкер, Гертис, Брандт, Козух, Силге, Апитц, Дюрр — либеро. Выход на замену: Липпман, Вайсс, Хиппе, Вайхенмайер.

Россия: Бавыкина (5), Писаренко (8), Исаева (7), Матиенко (2), Заряжко (8), Подскальная (5), Романенко — либеро, Курносова — либеро. Выход на замену: Филиштинская (1), Чёрная (1), Малькова (5), Воронкова, Николаева (2).
Сербия: Дрпа, Живкович, Михайлович, Николич, Стеванович, Рашич, Попович — либеро. Выход на замену: Малешевич.

Россия: Бавыкина (10), Писаренко (7), Исаева (23), Матиенко (1), Заряжко (15), Подскальная (7), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Филиштинская (1), Чёрная (2), Малькова (2), Воронкова (2).
Турция: Бабат, Акман, Онал-Пашаоглу, Айдемир-Акйол, Озсой, Йылмаз, Карадайи — либеро. Выход на замену: Кылычлы-Джансу, Услупехливан, Асланйюрек-Токатиоглу, Акын.

Всемирная Универсиада

Россия: Писаренко (12), Исаева (12), Заряжко (14), Филиштинская (7), Малькова (8), Воронкова (1), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Бавыкина (9), Чёрная, Николаева (5).
Тайвань: Чан Ливэнь, Чэнь Ицзю, Ян Ичэнь, Чан Чэньин, Чэнь Ваньтин, Ли Цзюин, Лай Сянчэнь — либеро. Выход на замену: Вэнь Ицзю, Ву Вэйхуа, Ву Чинтин, Ван Синтин.

Россия: Бавыкина (21), Писаренко (10), Исаева (15), Заряжко (17), Филиштинская (1), Малькова (14), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Чёрная, Воронкова, Барчук (1), Сербина.
Украина: Лисеенкова, Кальченко, Чернуха, Дегтярёва, Дорсман, Кодола, Дельрос — либеро. Выход на замену: Степанюк, Дубянская, Дудник, Мадзар.

Россия: Бавыкина (5), Исаева (7), Заряжко (7), Филиштинская (6), Малькова (10), Николаева (15), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Воронкова (6), Барчук (5), Чёрная (1).
Швейцария: Хальтер, Маттер, Захер, Гранворка, Штайнеман, Монтавон, Белотти — либеро. Выход на замену: Унтернарер, Бисанг.

Россия: Бавыкина (11), Писаренко (7), Исаева (21), Заряжко (14), Филиштинская (6), Малькова (6), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Чёрная, Николаева, Барчук, Сербина.
Канада: Перрен, Беланжер, Брайсбойс, Ланг, Форсье, Казо, Монкс — либеро. Выход на замену: Корнуолл, Савар, Найлс, Карпентье.

Россия: Бавыкина (11), Писаренко (6), Исаева (19), Заряжко (18), Филиштинская, Малькова (7), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Чёрная, Николаева.
Япония: Ятака, Танака, Симидзу, Муранага, Имамура, Инуэ, Кодзима — либеро. Выход на замену: Накая, Ямагути, Исибаси, Ода.

Россия: Бавыкина (6), Писаренко (10), Исаева (19), Заряжко (8), Филиштинская (6), Малькова (10), Романенко — либеро. Выход на замену: Воронкова (3), Чёрная, Николаева.
Украина: Лисеенкова, Кальченко, Дорсман, Дубянская, Дудник, Кодола, Дельрос — либеро. Выход на замену: Степанюк, Чернуха, Дегтярёва, Мадзар, Карпец.

Итоги
Всего на счету второй сборной России в 2015 году 12 официальных матчей. Из них выиграно 8, проиграно 4. Соотношение партий 26:15. Соперниками россиянок в этих матчах были национальные и студенческие сборные 11 стран.

Состав
В скобках после количество игр указано число матчей, проведённых волейболисткой в стартовом составе + в качестве либеро.

 Главный тренер — Вадим Панков.
 Тренер — Александр Красильников.

Всего в 2015 году в составе второй сборной России в официальных турнирах играло 15 волейболисток.

Другие турниры
 Монтрё Волей Мастерс. 27—31 мая.  Монтрё.

Дебютом второй сборной России стало выступление в традиционном турнире в швейцарском Монтрё. Итог — 4-е место.

Результаты второй сборной России:
 27 мая. Предварительный этап. Группа «А». Россия — Доминиканская Республика 3:0 (25:23, 25:21, 25:23);
 28 мая. Предварительный этап. Группа «А». Россия — Нидерланды 1:3 (20:25, 25:23, 17:25, 22:25);
 29 мая. Предварительный этап. Группа «А». Россия — Китай 3:1 (18:25, 25:23, 25:19, 25:23);
 30 мая. Полуфинал. Россия — Япония 0:3 (23:25, 22:25, 13:25);
 31 мая. Матч за 3-е место. Россия — Нидерланды 0:3 (21:25, 21:25, 21:25).

Состав сборной России:
 Анна Матиенко — 5 игр (5 в стартовом составе)/ 4 очка, Дарья Исаева — 5 (5)/ 68, Анастасия Бавыкина — 5 (4)/ 62, Ирина Воронкова — 5 (3)/ 27, Ирина Малькова — 5 (3)/ 34, Ирина Заряжко — 5 (4)/ 35, Екатерина Романенко — 5 (либеро), Ирина Филиштинская — 5/ 2, Дарья Писаренко — 5 (3)/ 26, Ксения Кравченко — 5/ 0, Олеся Николаева — 5/ 3, Юлия Подскальная — 5 (3)/ 19.

Ссылки и источники
 Розыгрыш Гран-при-2015 на сайте ФИВБ
 Кубок мира-2015 на сайте ФИВБ
 Чемпионат Европы-2015 на сайте ЕКВ
 Женский волейбольный турнир Европейских игр на сайте ЕКВ
 Женский волейбольный турнир Универсиады

Матчи женской сборной России по волейболу по годам

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Retreat Registration
Best Tips for a Successful Magazine March 13, 2015
Audio Post March 13, 2015
Image Post March 13, 2015
Phillip Bethancourt
Carson Schultz
Sam Torn
Jason Dunn
Secily Torn
Ozark Leadership Institute
Programs: Leadership I & Leadership II
Contact the Program Director:
Hannah Childs | [email protected]
The Ozark Leadership Institute (OLI) exists to develop uncommon leadership excellence and a Christ-centered worldview in young adults, growing them into culture-shaping Christian leaders as they prepare for college and beyond.
OLI operates as a ministry of the Camp Ozark Foundation.
© Copyright 2018 Ozark Interest Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Dr. Phillip Bethancourt is the Senior Pastor at Central Church in College Station, Texas.
Dr. Bethancourt was Executive Vice President of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention from 2013-2020.
Dr. Bethancourt has been married to his wife, Cami Bethancourt since 2005. They are raising four boys; Nathan, Lawson, Weston and Hudson.
Carson graduated from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada with a BA in Sociology.
Carson spent fifteen summers as a part of the Camp Ozark Family. He worked on the Lake Crew and as a counselor in the late 90's and early '00's, and then spent eleven years on the Permanent Staff as an Associate Director. While on staff at Camp Ozark, he met and married Hilary West and they have been married for 15 years. Hilary continues to serve Camp Ozark as a Camp Mom for 1st Session and Ozark For All. They have two Osage Children, Cooper (10) and Annie Austen (8).
More recently, Carson worked for six years as the Executive Pastor at Ecclesia Houston, a multi-site, multi-denominational church in central Houston.
Carson currently serves as the Chief Operating Officer for Big Brothers Big Sisters Lone Star, which builds and supports one-to-one relationships. Big Brothers Big Sisters Lone Star is the largest Big Brothers Big Sisters agency in the country, serving over 6,000 youth throughout the North Texas and Greater Houston areas, as well as West Central Texas and Wichita County.
Carson has spent the vast majority of his life working with organizations and leading teams that endeavor to develop relationships and provide mentors.
After receiving his BBA from Texas A&M (1970), his MBA from the University of Texas (1973) and his Juris Doctor, summa cum laude, from the South Texas College of Law (1977), Sam enjoyed a successful law practice. In 1985, Sam and Susan (along with three small children) left their suburban lifestyle behind and took a leap of faith when they acquired the assets of Camp Ozark. Since then, Sam and Susan have devoted their lives to serving campers and camp families by providing an Incomparable Christian camp environment and experience while encouraging others to establish and deepen their relationship with Jesus Christ.
One of Sam greatest assets is his wealth of experience and wisdom across many different fields. Sam has been a successful business owner, lawyer, investment banker, and entrepreneur. A life-long fan and supporter of Texas A&M athletics, Sam has been very involved with the university, serving in many different capacities. Sam was a member of the Corp of Cadets, student senate, varsity baseball team and served as Head Yell Leader during his senior year. Since graduating from Texas A&M, Sam has served on the 12th Man Foundation in a variety of positions including Board of Directors in 2014. While on the 12th Man Foundation, Sam coordinated the redevelopment of the Texas A&M baseball complex, Blue Bell Park and served as Co-Chair of the Kyle Field Redevelopment Committee. Sam is also involved in his church as a Life Bible Study teacher. In addition, Sam has long been involved in mission efforts in Southwest Mexico through Gloria Al Padre and is a sought-after speaker on sexual abstinence for teens and their parents through the Sex, God and Me program.
Sam is passionate about life, his work, his faith and his family. He firmly believes that a person should give 100% to whatever he or she is doing, which is evident by the way he lives his life. His standards are high and his commitment to excellence unwavering. Throughout his tenure as owner of Camp Ozark, Sam has relentlessly pursed excellence in all areas of camp and remains forever committed to making Camp Ozark the premiere summer camp experience in the country.
Jason Dunn serves as President for SPOT, a simple pipeline and materials traceability application designed to set an industry standard for all data collection and communication surrounding pipe and pipe logistics. Jason developed and integrated the utilization of smart phones and tablets to provide real-time data collection with updates directly from the field without downtime. The implementation of SPOT is a game changer in the Midstream industry. Knowing pipe's location, at all times, saves the clients both money and time.
Jason has been invaluable in many different areas within Jones Companies. In addition to his work on SPOT, he developed and implemented inventory systems for both DixieMat and Jones Lumber which are still in use today. He widened his understanding of each company as Sales Manager for Dixie Mat, Business Development for JB Transport and Project Manager during the BP oil spill clean up. Before coming to Jones Companies, Jason was the creator and co-owner of The Mat Source and sales development for New South Equipment Mats.
Jason received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with a minor in Business Administration from Texas A&M University. He currently lives in Hattiesburg, MS, with his wife, Mary Clayton. They have four wonderful children, Jay, Jack, Emma and Caroline.
Dr. Secily Torn was born and raised in Amarillo, Texas. She attended Texas A&M University, where she received a degree in Biomedical Sciences in 1995. She graduated from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston in 1999 and completed her pediatric residency training there as well in 2002.
In 2003, Dr. Torn became board certified in pediatrics and became a Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Torn then worked in group practice from 2002-2005. In 2006, Dr. Torn joined Dr. Jung and Dr. Pielop at Blue Fish Pediatrics. Currently, she job shares with her sister, Dr. Amanda Brack.
Dr. Torn met her husband, Scott, at Camp Ozark and they were married in September of 1996. They have three wonderful boys: Sam born in 2000, Jack born in 2002, and Tucker born in 2005, and one beautiful girl, Anna Scott born in 2007. She and her family attend The Fellowship of Memorial where they are involved with KidzPlanet and FamilyPoint Resources (a non-profit that serves underprivileged children in the area). In addition, Dr. Torn co-hosted "Ask the Doctors" on KSBJ, a local Houston radio station. In her free time, she enjoys tennis, running, hiking, and spends part of her summers as the Camp Doctor at Camp Ozark. Most of all, she enjoys being "Mommy" to her four children.
Bryan has been responsible for deal structuring, financing, raising capital, and compliance on over half a billion dollars of real estate transactions over the last seven years. Before joining Cephas Partners, Bryan served as Partner & General Counsel at Macfarlan Capital Partners, LP, where he focused on unique debt and equity investments in the commercial real estate sector and served as a member of the investment committee. Prior to joining Macfarlan in 2011, Bryan was a Partner at Thompson & Knight LLP, where he maintained a law practice focused on the acquisition, disposition, financing, development and leasing of commercial real estate. Bryan regularly represented portfolio lenders and other financial institutions in connection with defaulted loans and loan administration, and gained significant experience representing special servicers in the CMBS market, handling foreclosures, receiverships, loan sales, loan modifications, and restructuring. Bryan practiced at two other Top 100 law firms in Dallas prior to joining Thompson & Knight. Bryan graduated from the University of Regina, Canada, with a B.Ed. in Secondary Mathematics in 1997. After making his way south from Canada and working at Camp Ozark for several years, Bryan attended Baylor University School of Law, where he earned a J.D. in 2002. Bryan has served on the Board of Orphan Outreach since 2016, and is a member of Normandy Church, where he serves as Chair of the Real Estate Committee. Bryan is married with four children, and while he was raised in Saskatchewan, Canada, he is now a proud Texan and has determined that he actually prefers warmer climates.


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Three Horror Films Scare Up 2012 Release Dates
June 19, 2011 June 20, 2011 Slasher Studios*Horror
2012 is shaping up to be one of the most "horrific" years in recent member. There are currently 11 horror films with release dates sometime next year. Bloody Disgusting reported today that three more will also be added to the list. Moving from it's previous February 3 release date, Relativity Media's House at the End of the Street is now set to bow on April 20. The Mark Tonderai helmed film, which centers on a teen girl (Jennifer Lawrence) who moves with her mom to a new town and learns that their home is across the street from a house where a double murder took place, will now go head to head with Dimension's Scary Movie 5.
Scary Movie 5 has been rumored to be in preproduction since mid 2006, after its predecessor took in a solid $91 million at the U.S. box office. The Weinstein Company has announced that the next chapter in the Scary Movie franchise will be released in theaters on April 20, 2012. With the series beginning back in 2000 and Scary Movie 4 being released five years ago, a solid fan base will be excited to see what the filmmakers have in store for number 5. With a long list of possible horror movies to spoof in this upcoming film, Scary Movie 5 has much potential. No word yet on casting, but fingers are crossed for the return of Anna Faris and Regina Hall. The two actors have been in all four previous films and have become the faces of the franchise.
Speaking of films stuck in development hell, looks like Dimension is fast-tracking Halloween 3D with a release date of October 26 (finally a Halloween film around Halloween!). Patrick Lussier and Todd Farmer are currently working on the Hellraiser reboot for the Weinsteins. There is no word whether or not they are still on board to make this film as well.
Josh's Holiday Horror Picks
Slasher Studios' Top 10 Holiday Horror


It's no secret that I think people in the solid waste and recycling business are really in the local government business (background here, here, and here). If industry members are trying to sort through the impact of China's National Sword policy as well as broader recycling contamination issues, they'd better be paying attention to what local governments are doing. China's decision to restrict the range of recyclables it will take from the U.S., and the resulting emphasis on contamination in the recycling stream, raises some difficult political issues for local officials. Difficult political issues result in diverging and somewhat uncertain outcomes, which in turn require the industry's close attention.
At its core, China's decision to prevent import of many types of recyclable materials presents a resources problem for recyclers and local government. The materials were going to China because China offered the best price for them. Now that the Chinese market is available, the next best markets, if they exist at all, pay considerably less. So, material that formerly produced a profit or a small loss for recyclers now produces a bigger loss.
Presented with this conundrum, recyclers and local governments have a few choices, at least in the short run: (1) allow formerly recyclable material to go to the landfill; (2) force haulers to take a loss on recyclables, if this is allowed in the contract or franchise ordinance; (3) allow haulers to charge producers of recyclable material more to recycle; (4) subsidize recycling from with general fund resources or other sources; or (5) remove contaminants from the recycling stream. Note that this assumes, at least in the short run, materials cannot be made sufficiently clean to ship to China.
For many local officials, this presents a difficult choice. In many parts of the country, recycling has become part of the daily routine for residents and businesses alike. In places like Oregon (where I live), the idea that formerly recyclable material is being sent to the landfill would not settle well, but that is exactly what the state has allowed haulers to do.
On the other hand, local government budgets usually don't have hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars lying around to subsidize recycling. Those funds are usually long-ago obligated for things like public safety, street maintenance and other activities. While local governments may be able to fund recycling for a short period of time, most will be reluctant to do so long-term.
Finally, hiking rates on residents can be tricky too, for probably obvious reasons.
When faced with these challenges, we have seen local governments react in significantly different ways, highlighting the extremely localized nature of recycling policy. Here's how Sacramento County, California, Twin Falls, Idaho and Boise, Idaho dealt with problems related to recycling contamination in very different ways.
Sacramento County chose to spend around $220,000 of existing funds to stand up an education program in an effort to reduce contamination and avoid taking material to the landfill.
The Twin Falls, Idaho City Council approved an agreement with hauler PSI Environmental Systems, to split the cost of recycling if the cost to recycle is below $100 per ton. If the cost to recycle is more than $100 per ton, PSI is permitted to dispose of the material in the landfill. In order to fund its share of recycling costs, the city is increasing residents' utility bills by 53 cents.
Finally, Boise is trying to reduce contamination by giving residents an orange bag into which they can put non-recyclable plastics, which formerly contaminated the recyclable plastic stream. Those plastics will ultimately be shipped to Salt Lake City and turned into diesel fuel. Boise The program is funded, at least in part, by a grant from Hefty Energy Bag.
As can be seen from the examples above, the disruption in the recycling market plus the localized nature of recycling policy is resulting in significantly different approaches to recycling contamination. This fact reinforces the need for the industry to shape its approach to match the politics in place in each jurisdiction. That means understanding the city councilors, county commissioners and special district board members who will make decisions that are critical to your business, and serving them well.
Jeff Eager is the founder and CEO of Waste Alert, a local government monitoring service for solid waste and recycling companies. Jeff is also an attorney specializing in solid waste and local government issues, and he's also the former mayor of Bend, Oregon.


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Category: Religion | Philosophy | Personal Growth
Category: Religion | Philosophy
Feb 27, 1991 | 224 Pages
Jul 11, 2012 | 224 Pages
About Nature, Man and Woman
In Nature, Man and Woman, philosopher Alan Watts reexamines humanity's place in the natural world—and the relation between body and spirit—in the light of Chinese Taoism. Western thought and culture have coalesced around a series of constructed ideas—that human beings stand separate from a nature that must be controlled; that the mind is somehow superior to the body; that all sexuality entails a seduction—that in some way underlie our exploitation of the earth, our distrust of emotion, and our loneliness and reluctance to love. Here, Watts fundamentally challenges these assumptions, drawing on the precepts of Taoism to present an alternative vision of man and the universe—one in which the distinctions between self and other, spirit and matter give way to a more holistic way of seeing.
Also by Alan W. Watts
See all books by Alan W. Watts
About Alan W. Watts
Alan W. Watts, who held both a master's degree in theology and a doctorate of divinity, is best remembered as an interpreter of Zen Buddhism in particular, and of Indian and Chinese philosophy in general. Standing apart, however, from sectarian… More about Alan W. Watts
Published by Vintage
Feb 27, 1991 | 224 Pages | 5-3/16 x 8 | ISBN 9780679732334
Jul 11, 2012 | 224 Pages | ISBN 9780307822987
People Who Read Nature, Man and Woman Also Read


why do arduinos have to restart?
It forces the Arduino to load the newly uploaded firmware into RAM, and "forget" whatever it was working on before.
If the micro is busy and you want to talk to is i.e. reprogramme you may need to force a restart so that it will ckeck the programming connection to see if there is a new download.
BUT your question is so vague it's hard to answer.
Restart is a second start, a third start, - - - , an nth start.
Well you have to be able to stop computers from taking over this world. The nice computers then have to restart.
A "watch dog" is designed to cause a restart in any computer if the software does not perform as designed.
I'm not sure what you're asking. With a properly written program and a reliable power supply, an Arduino should be able to run more-or-less forever.


Brux'l Wins, Brux'l Wins, Brux'l Wins!
Brux'l Wins, Brux'l Wins, Brux'l Wins!
Sweet sassy molassey, the Richmond Burger Beatdown is finally over.
They beat out Pasture with 57% of the vote.
Thanks to all of our competitors and make sure you get out there and try all these burgers and do your own personal Richmond Burger Beatdown.
Don't miss our next food competition that ends up taking way too long! Subscribe now!


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Reading Festival nighttime road closures planned
Reading Borough Council has released a comprehensive guide to traffic controls before, during and after Reading Festival
Traffic congestion on the IDR
Get the latest line-up updates for Reading Festival 2022 in our FREE newsletter
Road closures aimed at protecting Reading Festival guests will be introduced for the first time this year.
Richfield Avenue will be closed on the three festival days for two and a half hours around midnight to allow day-ticket holders to walk safely from the site to Reading Station.
The new measure will see Richfield Avenue completely closed between Cardiff Road and Tessa Road from 10.30pm to 1am on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday, August 26, 27 and 28.
Reading Borough Council has advice for people living in the borough on how to beat the traffic jams both before and after the music festival in central Reading, which attracts around 90,000 guests.
Congestion is expected to peak from Wednesday, August 24 and Thursday, August 25 as festival-goers arrive in town - either in their own cars, dropped off by Mum or Dad or taking a taxi from Reading Station.
Yikes! Reading Festival wristbands harbour more than 11,000 bacteria
It will peak again on Bank Holiday Monday, August 29, as crowds depart.
The town will also be busy for throughout of the festival which this year runs from Friday, August 26, to Sunday, August 28.
The council is advising people who need to get around town to consider their journey carefully. Where possible, taking the bus, cycling and walking could offer a speedier journey.
Reading Festival: traders reminded of the risk of underage sales
People who do need to travel are being advised to allow plenty of time.
Parking restrictions will be in place around the Richfield Avenue site and the area should be avoided if possible.
Festival car parking is available at Mapledurham and King's Meadow. Hills Meadow Car Park will be the dedicated area for drop off/pick up.
Fans arriving at the Reading Festival
From here festival-goers can either walk to the site or use the free shuttle boats provided. For festival visitors parking at Mapledurham, a pedestrian bridge has again been constructed direct to the site to ensure easy access.
Reading Festival travellers need to check their train journeys
For those parking in King's Meadow, a boat service is provided free of charge to help transport everyone – including tents and belongings - to the festival site.
As usual, temporary traffic management will be in place at various places round town.
For security and safety, a night-time closure of the Thames Path from 9pm to 6am will again be in operation from Thursday, August 25, to Saturday, August 27.
The closure will apply between Scours Lane to the far end of Thames Side Promenade.
Biffy Clyro and Fall Out Boy announced as final headliners for Reading Festival
During Bank Holiday Monday, temporary traffic restrictions will be in place at the Napier Road/Vastern Road roundabout.
The northbound closure of Cow Lane will be reinstated between 8am and 3pm to assist the main exit of weekend ticket-holders.
It is advisable to avoid driving through these areas if possible, in addition to the areas immediately around the site, during Bank Holiday Monday.
Councillor Tony Page, Reading's lead member for strategic environment, planning and transport, said: "As always, the council work alongside organisers to help minimise delays as far as possible, but we strongly advise people to plan for the inevitable delays that will occur with 90,000 people attending Reading Festival this year.
"Using public transport is very often the best and quickest option during festival time."
Reading Borough Council has again worked with the festival organisers to produce travel information leaflets. These have been sent out with tickets with details of bus, rail and park and ride services.
The quickest walking route from Reading Station to the site is via the northern interchange.
Red Hot Chili Peppers announced as first headline act at Reading Festival 2016
Festival-goers also have the option of travelling to the site via taxis or a special festival shuttle bus that will operate from the northern exit of the station.
To help maintain traffic flow, the council's parking enforcement officers will as always be working alongside police to crack down on people who park illegally and cause an obstruction.
Throughout the duration of the festival a temporary taxi rank will be operating in Tessa Road - opposite the Rivermead Leisure Centre next to the festival site - as a further option when travelling to and from the site.
There will be a second taxi rank at Thames Promenade for those exiting the site on Monday only. Visitors are being reminded that they should pre-book private hire vehicles and not hail them from the roadside.
Will you be avoiding Reading for the whole weekend? Comment below
All licensed vehicles will display a Reading Borough Council plate on the back and all drivers should have an identity badge in full view.
Rivermead Leisure Complex and its facilities will be closed for normal activities for the three days of the festival.
A special hotline number – 0333 003 5931 - has been set up for people who live in Reading who wish to offer comments or to raise queries during the event.
The line will be answered between 9am and 5pm on Wednesday, August 24, and then 24 hours from 9am on Thursday, August 25, until 3pm Monday, August 29.
People can also email licensing@reading.gov.uk and these will be checked regularly during main event hours.
Reading Station
Rivermead Leisure Complex
After Life season 3 cast and where you have seen them before as Ricky Gervais series returns to Netflix
NetflixHere's where you might recognise some of the faces from After Life when the third season lands


in the AFV141KH data sheet there is only the S-Parameters for the balanced configuration gate to gate and drain to drain.
The data sheet says that is possible to use this device in single ended and quadrature configuration.
Where is the single ended s-parameters referenced to ground?
Please create a Service request for this question.


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A Covenant of Eternity
Hebron-Past, Present and Forever
by David Wilder
Last Friday morning, on the 5th of May, (which also happened to be the 5th of Iyar-Israel Independence Day), I, along with my wife Ora, had an overwhelming experience, the likes of which I have never yet encountered in my life. For the previous Thursday evening, at 8:00 PM Israeli time, Ora gave birth to our seventh child, a boy, in a Jerusalem hospital. Ora, a "Sabra" of Sepharadic ancestry, and I have been married for almost 16 years. Our oldest (of 4) girls is going on 15 and the oldest of three sons is almost 14.
Following our new son's birth, we decided to celebrate his entrance into the Covenant of our Forefather Abraham (known as a Brit Milah - or circumcision) at the site most fitting for such an event: Ma'arat HaMachpela - the Caves of the Patriarchs, in Hebron. The massive building that covers the ancient caves is 2,000 years old, built by Herod during the Second Temple Period. It is the largest Jewish monument in the world, and the only 2,000 year-old building existing in its entirety. For the Jewish People, this structure is extremely symbolic of Jewish History - for 700 years, from 1267 until 1967 Jews were not allowed into it. They were permitted to pray by the infamous "seventh step" leading to the entrance of the building, but no further. Only after we returned to Hebron in 1967 were Jews once again allowed inside. Even at that time, and for many years following our return to Hebron, Jews were not allowed to perform a Brit Milah inside Ma'arat HaMachpela because of Islamic laws forbidding any drinking of alcoholic beverages. Because wine (or grape juice) is necessary at a Brit, Jews were forbidden to partake of such a ceremony. (If anyone understands the logic, please write and explain it to me.) However, after many years of determined struggle, we were victorious. Israeli's may now perform a Brit Milah inside the Ma'ara.
However, it should be noted that the importance of the Caves of the Patriarchs is not the huge Herodian building, but rather the caves ensconced under it. These caves, the burial ground purchased by Abraham, to bury his wife Sarah thousands of years ago, was the first land purchased by a Jew in Eretz Yisrael. This is where it all started - the roots of the Jewish People in the Land of Israel. This was the first act , dramatizing the covenant between the Jewish People and their Creator, in their Homeland. MK Ariel Sharon, speaking at the Ma'ara said: "What other nation in the world can make such a claim - all our Patriarchs and Matriarchs buried in one place - the roots of our nation. I would bring every schoolchild, every tourist here. I would bring every ambassador arriving in Israel to Ma'arat HaMachpela before showing him any other place in Israel. This is where the Jewish People began, in Hebron."
What then would be more fitting than to continue to renew our eternal covenant at this same site? So at 10:00 AM on Friday morning, eight days after the birth, we gathered, friends and family, in "Ohel Avraham" the Abraham Hall, inside Ma'arat HaMachpela, to celebrate the addition of a new Jew, and new Israeli, to the Jewish People in the Land of Israel. The "Sandak" or Godfather was Rav Dov Lior, the Chief Rabbi of Kiryat Arba-Hebron. He held the baby as the ceremony was performed. The baby was named Raphael Baruch Yair in memory of two close friends from Kiryat Arba-Hebron murdered by Arabs.
As you might well imagine, it is very difficult to describe the emotions felt by a father and mother participating in an ancient rite, at the site where the originator of the observance lies in eternal rest. I can only say that I wish upon each and every one of you, and of all of the People of Israel, the privilege to feel what we felt and what we continue to feel - having been merited the honor to be an active link in the eternal chain, bonding the People of Israel to the Land of Israel, according to Jewish Law and tradition. You should all be granted such happiness.
Let Your Feet Do the Talking
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