What is Minnesota Architecture's Character?
I took a long pause and admitted I did not know, responding that the buildings in this state are as diverse as the people designing them. After a little reflection, I think my initial assessment was right; buildings, like people, are diverse and they should be. Part of the beauty of practicing architecture is that there are always multiple great solutions to a design problem, and that buildings can be designed in many styles and in multiple eras and still be great.
When I think of the wide variety of architectural professionals I have practiced with or otherwise worked with in Minnesota there is an ethos that I think is consistent: Hard work and passion. Everywhere I have practiced, individuals have been willing to put in the extra effort to make a project successful. There is a great cohort of volunteer leaders within AIA Minnesota that make our committees and programs recognized throughout the nation.
Mary-Margaret Zindren, AIA Minnesota EVP, was recently recognized as the CACE Emerging Leader in Chicago for the hard work she is doing to make AIA Minnesota a model for other components throughout the nation. We have robust and active engagement with the architectural community. We have leaders that are curious and willing to try new things. We are reflective and examine programming and committees to make sure they are in alignment with the strategic plan.
We are fully engrossed in implementing our 3-year strategic plan. It took a lot of hard work to get us to where we are, and it will take a lot of hard work to get us where we want to be. This summer we established a new partnership with the Minnesota Historical Society, planned for a move of the AIA Minnesota offices, the Architecture in the Schools Committee has been active at community events engaging youth with model building and conversations about architecture, and we celebrated multiple Minnesota architects at the A'18 Conference on Architecture in New York City.
With the start of school and the end of summer, there are some great programs and activities planned for the coming months. I would like to highlight a few programs that will engage the public directly in September.
The Homes by Architects Tour (September 15 – 16) is an annual event that showcases some of the best residential architecture in the state.
AIA St Paul will host an event on the Missing Middle (September 26).
Architecture in the Schools will be participating in Open Streets Broadway (September 15).
AIA Northern Minnesota will host "Impacting the Economy: Architecture, Engineering, and the Construction Industry" in Duluth (September 27).
Please take some time in September and come join these great programs.
View the full September issue of Matrix.


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Not Without God
It was a rainy October morning in 1994. Zina Hermez, 16, woke up late for school and missed the bus that came in front of her house. So she walked, as she normally did when that happened, down to her best friend's house, where the bus came a little later. On the way, she had to cross a busy two-lane road on Middlebelt, between 10 and 11 Mile Road. That's when a car, going 50 mph in a 30 mph school zone, hit her and changed the fate of her life.
"The month before the accident, the vice principal had asked me to represent Harrison High School on the Multicultural/Multiracial Community Council for that year," said Hermez. "The council was a diversity panel being implemented for the first time and would include schools in our district."
That, and everything else in her life, was changed instantly when the accident happened. She remembers lying there, unable to talk, see, or move, with chaos all around her. She was in shock, but as she lay there on the street, her body broken, she still felt God's grace sustaining her.
"There's a huge lapse of time that I don't remember," she said. "I don't know if God took me somewhere to take my attention away from the pain."
The ambulance took Hermez to Botsford Hospital but her injuries were so severe, a helicopter transferred her to the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, where she underwent twelve hours of emergency surgery.
Hermez stayed at Mott Children's Hospital a little over three months, during which time she prayed often to God, asking Him, "What are we going to do, Lord? What is to become of me?" Her friends had started to visit less often and she feared she would be a burden on her family. She kept a journal and each night at midnight, she wrote letters to God.
"I don't want to say that I found God through this experience because I already knew God," she said. "I just felt the love of God in a more powerful way."
While in the hospital, Hermez said that God sent many "angels" her way. She'll never forget Dennis, an African-American man whom she worked with at Strawberry Hills Fruit Market in Farmington Hills. He was always happy and whenever he saw her in the aisles, he'd say, "Zina, smile!"
After the accident, Dennis came to visit her on the weekends, with flowers and prayer booklets, even though she hadn't known him for a long time. He talked to her about God and faith. One day, he stood next to her bed, held her arm gently but firmly, and began to pray, speaking in "tongues."
Her arm, which was stuck at a 90-degree angle started to get warm as he slowly stretched it. She didn't understand all that was happening, but she knew he was a good man and trusted him. Dennis was praying and talking to God all the while, and after fifteen minutes or so, her arm became completely straight.
"Oh my God, Dennis!" she said, excited, but he told her to keep calm about this so not to startle the nurses and doctors. The next day, the therapists were shocked to see her arm so straight. He did in fifteen minutes what they hadn't been able to do for over two weeks.
Dennis made about five or six visits and then he stopped coming.
"He did the healing work and was gone," said Hermez. "If God didn't heal my arm that day through Dennis, I never would've been able to get up on parallel bars. I never would've been able to use crutches the way I do so now."
At that time, Hermez's biggest fear was that she would never be able to walk again. One of the doctors had told her that, and in return, she'd yelled at him, "Yes, I will! You're not God!" Many others assured her that she would walk again, including her nurse, Regina. Regina received very prolific and spiritual dreams about her patients, one of which was that Hermez would walk again.
Hermez was very nervous to return to school in a wheelchair, but everyone lovingly welcomed her back and her principal and teachers helped her graduate on time. By 19 years old, she was able to walk short distances with a walker. By 20, she was driving herself to college to take classes.
"This was pretty miraculous considering how bad my accident was," she said.
In 2004, Hermez received a bachelor's degree in English from Oakland University. Today, she teaches English as a Second Language at the Language Center International. She wrote a book, Not Without God, which was published in 2014, to share her experience of faith, perseverance, and determination.
"I wrote this book because I wanted to leave my mark in the world," she said. "I wanted to do something more than ordinary before I leave this earthy. It was also a healing process and a way of helping other people overcome adversary."
Hermez has spoken about her experiences at such places as Kensington Church in Troy and at Harvard University. Her goal is to continue to share her story and her message.
"No matter what you've been through, it doesn't have to change you. Be better because of it," she said, adding, "Life is not about how successful you become, it's about the people you help while you are here."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last week, it was on the cooler side, a bit rainy (for Southern California) and kind of grey outside. I loved it! I wrapped myself in a sweater, drank tea, listened to Nimrod snore, turned this up, and just felt cozy being inside. I took advantage of the drop in temperature to turn on my oven, and basked in the little waves of heat it gave off while inhaling the aroma of fresh focaccia and these earthy, slightly sweet beets and rutabaga.
Repetitive tasks like lining up and spiraling out these paper-thin slices of red and gold beets and rutabaga transport me to a spot where I can relax and focus on only what's in front of me. I like that. This took about 30 minutes to slice and arrange. Or maybe it was more like 45 … I didn't really time it. If you lay alternating slices of the three root vegetables in a strip down your palm in a line, you can press sections of it around the pan, starting around the outside, tipping them upwards at a 120-degree angle. You can also lay these beets down flat, which is a bit easier, just start your spiral in the center and work your way out, like I did for this ratatouille.
To this! You'll want to oil your pan before adding the mandolined root vegetables, then be generous with another drizzle of oil to prevent burning. Balsamic and fresh thyme are added after the one-hour bake time, then given another 15-minute bake to finish. Serve with fresh focaccia and a glass of red wine!
Scrub the beets and rutabaga. Lop off the ends, and peel away the skin with a Y-Peeler or sharp knife.
Starting with the rutabaga, use a mandoline slicer and slice them all up. Place in one pile. Repeat the process with the golden beets, and finish with the red beets.
Place about 2 tablespoons of olive oil into the bottom of a 6.5-inch cast iron skillet.
Place alternating slices of beets in a straight line down the palm of your hand. I could fix about six at a time. Place them around the edge of the pan in a tight spiral. Keep working until the pan is filled. When you are done, go back and insert extra slices to make the arrangement tight. Once done, slightly press down on the top to make sure all of the slices are wedged in. Drizzle with more of the olive oil, season with some salt and pepper and set aside.
Once preheated, place the skillet into the oven to bake for an hour, checking on it every 15 minutes to ensure the tops are not burning. Drizzle again with a little more olive oil if any portions of the tops start to look singed.
Remove from the oven, drizzle with the balsamic vinegar and sprinkle with the fresh thyme. Bake for an additional 15 minutes.
Serve immediately straight out of the pan with crusty bread or focaccia and a glass of red wine.
This is absolutely stunning and looks too beautiful to eat. Though, I'm sure I could be convinced to dig in haha!
Looks delish! My fav root vegetables altogether. Gotta go to the store today so this can be dinner. Thanks!
Absolutely amazing. Looks so beautiful. Need to try this.
This looks gorgeous and I'm sure was delicious. I'm just so impressed with all the time you took to arrange it. Talk about a mindfulness activity! We can be mindful even off our yoga mats and meditation cushions. Erin, maybe you've discovered the next mindfulness activity" mindful root veggie arranging!
Giving this a try right now!! My spiral didn't turn out as nice so we'll see how it turns out!!


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Nokia G10 leak just revealed 108MP camera — and it's coming next month
By Richard Priday published 15 March 21
Nokia G10 leaks reveal a big camera and gaming-friendly features
The Nokia 8.3 5G. (Image credit: Tom's Guide)
If you're on the lookout for a mid-range phone with a focus on gaming and photography, the rumored Nokia G10 might be about to launch with the features you're after.
Insider information shared with NokiaPowerUser has revealed the specs, including a Snapdragon 775 chipset and a large 108MP camera, along with four other rear sensors. And Nokia might be preparing to launch it on April 8.
The best Android phones right now
Plus: Curved phone screens are actually good — and they're getting better
The 108MP camera is the same resolution as the one found on the Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra, one of the best camera phones we've ever tested. There is more to taking great photos than just the sensor, but a camera of this size will give this phone a great head start.
The Snapdragon 775 is the assumed name for the successor to the Snapdragon 765G found in many mid-range smartphones last year. This won't be on the same level as the Snapdragon 888 chips that you find in popular flagships like the Samsung Galaxy S21 in terms of raw performance. However, it should still offer plenty of power for most users, and 5G support.
The name is expected to be Nokia G10, rather than simply 10 in the style of Nokia's other numbered phones. That may be because the phone will be focused on gaming. Other rumored features include a 6.5-inch 120Hz display with a QHD resolution and a large 5,000 mAh battery.
While these details are just rumors, what we do know is that Nokia is preparing for an April 8 launch at 10AM EST/3PM GMT. This was announced by Nokia's parent company HMD Global on its website, although it's not yet clear exactly what is being announced. There seems to be a fair chance it'll be the G10 though.
The Nokia 9 PureView from 2019 debuted a surprising five-camera array on its back, as well as other flagship-worthy specs. Unfortunately, the phone's total package wasn't well-rounded enough. It is a similar story with the mid-range Nokia 8.3 5G, which launched more recently. We're excited to see if Nokia's new phone matches up to the rumors, and if these improvements are enough to land the device on our best Android phones list.
More: iPhone 13 leak just revealed two big upgrades
Today's best Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro deals
Richard Priday
Richard is a Tom's Guide staff writer based in London, covering news, reviews and how-tos for phones, gaming, audio and whatever else people need advice on. He's also written for WIRED U.K., The Register and Creative Bloq. When not at work, he's likely thinking about how to brew the perfect cup of specialty coffee.
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The Encyclopedia of Jewish Women
Infertile Wife in Rabbinic Judaism
by Judith R. Baskin
Rabbinic Judaism constructed differing legal, religious, and social roles for men and women that were intended to foster women's reproductive functions and nurturing qualities, even as it placed them under the control of a dominant husband.While childlessness was perceived as a grave misfortune for both men and women, a male's failure to generate offspring violated a legal obligation, since men alone were obligated to have children. The prooftext frequently cited for this unilateral ruling was Genesis 35:11, where Jacob is commanded in the second person masculine singular to "Be fertile and increase." According to BT Pesahim 113b, the childless man is reckoned as if menuddeh, "cut off" from all communion with God, like one who has deliberately disregarded divine commands. BT Nedarim 64b, among other texts, accounts him as already dead, together with the pauper, the leper, and the blind. BT Sanhedrin 36b ordains that the childless scholar may not sit on the Sanhedrin.
The primary The legal corpus of Jewish laws and observances as prescribed in the Torah and interpreted by rabbinic authorities, beginning with those of the Mishnah and Talmud.halakhic statement on procreation is found in Codification of basic Jewish Oral Law; edited and arranged by R. Judah ha-Nasi c. 200 C.E.Mishnah Yevamot 6:6 and is further elaborated in BT Yevamot 65b–66a. According to Mishnah Yevamot 6:6:
No man may abstain from keeping the law "Be fertile and increase" (Gen. 1:28), unless he already has children: according to the School of Shammai, two sons; according to the School of Hillel, a son and a daughter, for it is written, "Male and female He created them" (Gen. 5:2). If he married a woman and lived with her ten years and she bore no child, it is not permitted him to abstain [from fulfilling this legal obligation]. If he divorced her she may be married to another and the second husband may live with her for ten years. If she had a miscarriage the space [of ten years] is measured from the time of the miscarriage. The duty to be fruitful and multiply falls on the man but not on the woman. R. Johanan b. Baroka [dissents from this view and] says: Of them both it is written, "God blessed them and God said to them, Be fertile and increase" (Gen. 1:28).
In the talmudic discussion of the final segment of this Mishnah in BT Yevamot 65b–66a, a majority of rabbis affirm that the obligation to procreate is limited to men. A significant minority of sages, however, express uneasiness with exempting women from the responsibility to fulfill the commandment. Some were uncomfortable with the modification of the plural imperative verbs of the biblical text "Be fertile and increase" (Genesis 1:28) to masculine singular forms. Moreover, to eliminate women from the directive also undermined the actions of such biblical women as Lot's daughters (Genesis 19:31–36), and Tamar (Genesis 38), who took their obligation to procreate seriously enough to flout social custom, or even Rachel, whose poignant cry, "Give me children, or I shall die" (Genesis 30:1), became a standard rabbinic prooftext for obligatory male propagation.
Arguments tendered in BT Yevamot 65b–66a in support of the Mishnah's ruling maintain that the biblical ordinance had to be modified from a plural to a singular form because "It is the nature of a man to master but it is not the nature of a woman to master." For the rabbis, procreation is a masculine expression of potency quite different from the feminine role of bearing and giving birth to the fruit of male seed. In BT Berakhot 51b, the Palestinian sage Ulla explained his refusal to allow Yalta, a prominent Jewish woman in the Babylonian community, to participate in sharing the cup of benediction that concludes the recitation of grace after a meal on the grounds that the blessing did not apply to her because of her passive role in reproduction. His statement, attributed to R. Johanan, that "the fruit of a woman's body is blessed only from the fruit of a man's body," is another way of indicating that woman's role in the procreation process is secondary.
BT Yevamot 65b–66a also suggests that obligating women to procreate when they are incapable of doing so on their own would teach them to scorn the law in general. Another explanation invokes the necessity of male control over female sexuality to prevent promiscuity and uncertain lineages of offspring, while a third opinion suggests that this limitation promotes peace. Indeed, preventing disruptions was a primary goal of the rabbis' social agenda. Concern about possible female attempts at reproductive independence, even for worthy purposes, is apparent in the discussion of a segment of Hannah's prayer (1 Samuel 1:11) in BT Berakhot 31a–b. According to Numbers 5:28 the wife falsely accused of adultery will be cleared and will subsequently conceive: "And if the woman has not defiled herself and is pure, she shall be unharmed and able to retain seed." Commenting on a portion of Hannah's supplication, "If you will look" (I Samuel 1:11), R. Eleazar interpreted Hannah's motivation as follows:
Hannah said before the Holy One, blessed be He: Sovereign of the Universe, if You will look [upon my affliction], it is well, and if You will not look, I will go and shut myself up with another man in the knowledge of my husband Elkanah, and as I shall have been alone [with this other man in compromising circumstances] they will make me drink the water of the suspected wife, and You cannot falsify Your law, which says, "She shall be unharmed and shall retain seed" (Num. 5:28)
On a literal level, Numbers 5:28 promises conception for the barren wife cleared of a charge of adultery. However, considerable social uproar would result from barren wives pretending to be adulterous in order to be cleared so that they would subsequently conceive. The probable disappointment of many of their hopes would also call the law of Heaven into question. BT Berakhot 31b therefore reinterprets the Numbers ruling as follows: "No, it teaches that if she formerly bore with pain she now bears with ease, if she bore short children she now bears tall ones, if she bore swarthy ones she now bears fair ones, if she was destined to bear one she will now bear two." This metaphorical exegesis of an inconvenient biblical reassurance obviated the potential anarchy that might have been occasioned by women taking their sexual destinies into their own hands. The potential for chaos would have been even greater if women were legally obligated to produce children.
Mishnah Yevamot 6:6 also rules that "If a man took a wife and lived with her for ten years and she bore no child, he may not abstain [any longer from the duty of propagation]," although exactly how he is to proceed in this instance is not spelled out. (Aramaic) A work containing a collection of tanna'itic beraitot, organized into a series of tractates each of which parallels a tractate of the Mishnah.Tosefta Yevamot 8:5, however, explicitly states that a man in this situation must divorce his wife and return her marriage settlement to her "For perhaps he did not merit being built up through her." Since there is no proof that their infertility is the divorced wife's fault, the Tosefta Yevamot 8:6 states that the divorced wife may marry again, "For perhaps she did not merit being built up through this man." These measures are also recommended in BT Yevamot 65b, where the rabbis point out that a precedent for the practice of divorcing an infertile wife after ten years may be drawn from Genesis 16:3, since it was only after ten years of living in the land of Canaan that Sarai accepted her infertility and surrogated her servant to bear a child on her behalf. This passage goes on to say that "If the man or the woman was ill, or if both were in prison, [the years when they are separated] are not included in the number" of years after which a divorce is required. The assumption of infertility must follow ten years of normal marital relations.
Mishnah Yevamot 6:6 ruled that "If he divorced her, she is permitted to marry another and the second husband may also live with her [no more than] ten years [without offspring]." A childless woman who does not become pregnant during ten years of her second marriage is presumed to be barren and must once again be divorced. BT Yevamot 65a rules that she may marry again only if her third husband already has children from a previous union. Although the The legal corpus of Jewish laws and observances as prescribed in the Torah and interpreted by rabbinic authorities, beginning with those of the Mishnah and Talmud.halakhah mandates divorce so that both partners may try again in new relationships, an unresolved discussion in BT Yevamot 65a indicates that some men in childless marriages chose to take a second wife rather than divorce an apparently infertile spouse. Conversely, BT Yevamot 65b records instances of wives who successfully petitioned rabbinic courts to compel their unwilling husbands to divorce them after ten years of infertile marriages. These requests were granted, not because women are obligated to have children, but because their pleas based on fears of an impoverished widowhood and old age without the support of offspring were persuasive to the court.
The extent to which infertile marriages ended in divorce is impossible to determine but it is noteworthy that rabbinic aggadic writings generally deplore dissolution of marriages, even when male procreation is at stake. Many passages in the Statements that are not Scripturally dependent and that pertain to ethics, traditions and actions of the Rabbis; the non-legal (non-halakhic) material of the Talmud.aggadah present the childless marriage as a situation where human needs and feelings overrule legal prescriptions. In the case of a childless but otherwise happy couple, where significant human suffering would result from divorce, there is an acceptance that the obligation to reproduce is neither enforceable nor paramount.
Aggadic traditions about the infertility of the biblical matriarchs also express ambivalence about the option of divorce and stress the efficacy of prayer and the necessity of faith in God. The following homiletical tale from Pesikta de-Rab Kahana 22:2 teaches that infertility is never more than a presumption:
A man is under the obligation to fulfil the commandment, "Be fertile and increase" (Gen. 1:28) but a woman is under no such obligation. . . . In Sidon it happened that a man took a wife with whom he lived for ten years and she bore him no children. When they came to R. Simeon bar Yohai to be divorced, the man said to his wife: "Take any precious object I have in my house—take it and go back to your father's house." Thereupon, R. Simeon bar Yohai said: "Even as you were wed with food and drink [being served], so you are not to separate save with food and drink [being served]." What did the wife do? She prepared a great feast, gave her husband too much to drink [so that he fell asleep], then beckoned to her menservants and maidservants saying, "Take him to my father's house." At midnight he woke up from his sleep and asked, "Where am I?" She replied, "Did you not say, 'Whatever precious object I have in my house—take it and go back to your father's house?' I have no object more precious than you." When Simeon bar Yohai heard what the wife had done, he prayed on the couple's behalf, and they were remembered with children. For, even as the Holy One remembers barren women, righteous men also have the power to remember barren women.
Among the striking aspects of this vivid story are its anti-nomian slant and its subversive tendencies. The husband is only trying to obey the law that he is obligated to fulfil, even though that means dissolving a happy union. His wife, who is not so obligated, is free to maneuver events behind the scenes to preserve her marriage. She does so by using deceptive stratagems that succeed in convincing those around her that she is in the right. A great rabbi prays for the woman and her husband who are now reunited, and they are ultimately blessed with children. Hope is offered to all who hear or read this story that infertility is never a certainty, that intercession is possible through prayer, and that devoted human relationships have a meaning that transcends halakhic demands. Both Pesikta de-Rab Kahana 22:2 and a version of this aggadic tale found in Song of Songs Rabbah 1:4 §2 end the story with a consolation text offering future comfort to all who depend on God. The following is the ending found in Song of Songs Rabbah:
And is not the lesson clear: If a woman, on saying to a mere mortal like herself, "There is nothing I care for more in the world than you," was visited, does it not stand to reason that Israel who wait for the salvation of God every day and say "We care for nothing in the world but You," will certainly be visited? Hence it is written: "Let us delight and rejoice in Your love" (Song of Songs 1:4).
Not all infertile marriages were resolved so happily and the rabbis fully acknowledged the suffering that results from childlessness. Even if the barren wife has no religious obligation to fulfill, she has failed to fulfill the primary expectation of her societal role, and as Genesis Rabbah 71:5 remarks, in the name of R. Ammi bar Nathan, it is children who assure a wife's position in her home. The importance of offspring in securing a woman's status, as well as the divine role in facilitating fertility, is elucidated in Genesis Rabbah 71:1:
"The Lord saw that Leah was unloved and He opened her womb" (Gen. 29:31). "For the Lord listens to the needy,/ and does not spurn His captives" (Psalm 69:34). . . . "And does not spurn His captives" alludes to childless women who are as prisoners in their houses, but as soon as the Holy One, blessed be He, visits them with children, they become erect [with pride]. The proof is that Leah was unloved in her house, yet when God visited her she became erect; hence it is written, "The Lord saw that Leah was unloved and he opened her womb."
As this passage compassionately delineates, the barren wife endured shame and reproach for disappointing her husband at home and in the eyes of the world. Pesikta Rabbati 42:5 alludes to the "governors and governors' wives who for so long jeered at Sarah, calling her 'barren woman,'" and the same text at 43:8 describes the way the childless Hannah was mocked by her co-wife, Peninnah:
Peninnah would vex Hannah with one provocation after another. What would Peninnah do? According to R. Nahman bar Abba, Peninnah would get up early and say to Hannah: "Why don't you rouse yourself and wash your children's faces, so they are fit to go to their schoolmaster?" And at twelve o'clock, she would say: "Why don't you rouse yourself and welcome your children who are about to return from school?" Such is the provocation referred to in the words, "Moreover, her rival, to make her miserable, would taunt her that the Lord had closed her womb" (1 Samuel 1:6).
Similarly, referring to the derision and sarcasm suffered by the childless wife as a present reality, Genesis Rabbah 73:5 interprets, "Now God remembered Rachel; God heeded her and opened her womb. She conceived and bore a son, and said, 'God has taken away my disgrace'"(Gen. 30:22–23) as follows: "R. Levi b. Zechariah said: Before a woman has given birth, any misdeed is attributed to her. After she gives birth all the blame is on her son—'Who ate this thing—your son! Who broke this article—your son!'" As these sarcastic remarks reveal, the rabbis recognized the unfortunate situation of the barren woman.
Rabbinic exegetes were aware of the theme of apparent infertility in a number of biblical narratives having to do with matriarchs and the mothers of great leaders such as Samuel. A strong exegetical tradition, intended to console as well as to explain, addressed the question, "Why were the matriarchs barren?" The most meaningful responses to this question stressed the efficacy of prayer and the value of suffering that leads to purification and brings people closer to God, as in this passage from Genesis Rabbah 45:4:
Why were the matriarchs barren? R. Levi said in R. Shila's name and R. Helbo in R. Johanan's names: Because the Holy One, blessed be He, yearns for their prayers and supplications. Thus it is written, "O my dove, in the cranny of the rocks,/Hidden by the cliff" (Song of Songs 2:14): Why did I make you barren? In order that, "Let Me see your face,/Let me hear your voice" (Song of Songs 2:14).
Similarly, BT Yevamot 64a suggests that the matriarchs and patriarchs were initially childless "because the Holy One, blessed be He, longs to hear the prayer of the righteous."
Other reasons for the infertility of the matriarchs are offered in the remainder of Genesis Rabbah 45:4:
R. Azariah said in R. Hanina's name: So that they might lean on their husbands despite their beauty. R. Huna and R. Jeremiah in the name of R. Hiyya b. Abba said: So that they might pass the greater parts of their life untrammeled. R. Huna, R. Idi, and R. Avin in R. Meir's name said: So that their husbands might derive pleasure from them, for when a woman is with child she is disfigured and lacks grace. Thus, the whole ninety years that Sarah did not bear she was like a bride in her canopy.
Two of the explanations recorded in this text consider childlessness in terms of the mothers of Israel themselves. The first suggests that infertility was meant to humble the matriarchs, who are imagined as great beauties. Given women's propensity for vanity and light mindedness, they might have behaved contemptuously to their husbands without the pain of childlessness to depress their spirits and render them dependent. The second explanation, conversely, explains childlessness as a benefit which allows a woman considerable freedom since she is not subject to the constant needs of her offspring. The matriarchs were spared such inconveniences until unusually late in their lives. Genesis Rabbah 45:4 concludes by suggesting that the matriarchs were infertile so that their husbands could enjoy their wives' beauty unimpaired by the ravages of pregnancies and child bearing. No doubt some comfort is intended here, for as BT Yevamot 63b notes, "A beautiful wife is a joy to her husband; the number of his days shall be [as if] double." A parallel passage in Song of Songs Rabbah 2:14 §8 adds at this point, that "as soon as Sarah conceived, her good looks faded," as it is said, "In sadness [at the loss of beauty] you shall bring forth children" (Gen. 3:16).
More convincing are rabbinic explanations that connect fertility to the operation of divine providence and the unfolding covenantal narrative of the relationship between God and Israel. Biblical and rabbinic sources are convinced that conception is granted by the grace of God and this presumption informs a number of rabbinic remarks on the ultimate success of the matriarchs in conceiving and bearing children. BT Ta'anit 2a–b quotes R. Johanan as follows:
Three keys the Holy One, blessed be He, has retained in His own hands and not entrusted to the hand of any messenger: these are the key of rain, the key of childbirth, and the key of the revival of the Dead. . . . .The key [mafteah] of childbirth, for it is written, Now God remembered Rachel; God heeded her and opened her womb" (Gen. 30:22).
Similarly, Genesis Rabbah 45:2 explains "And Sarai said to Abram, 'Look, the Lord has kept me from bearing" (Gen. 16:2) as follows: "Said she, I know the source of my affliction: It is not as people say [of a barren woman], 'She needs an amulet, she needs a charm,' but 'Look, the Lord has kept me from bearing.'"
Sarah is said to reject the talismans and spells of popular religion because she knows that it is God who can open the womb whenever He wills it. The aggadic tradition attaches a number of seemingly miraculous elements to this conviction of divine intercession in human conception. BT Yevamot 64a–b relates that prayer reversed not only the infertility of Abraham and Sarah but prompted God to transform their actual physical forms to make conception possible because originally each was of doubtful sex (tumtumim). In the same passage, R. Nahman is said to have stated in the name of Rabbah ben Avuha that prior to God's response to her entreaties: "Our mother Sarah was incapable of procreation; for it is said, 'Now Sarai was barren, she had no child' (Gen. 11:30); [this means] she had not even a womb."
In these passages, God's primary role in fertility is again emphasized. Men may be like God in their ability to generate new life, but the similarity has its limits. Men may plant their seed but only God can open the womb and God does so according to a divine calculus beyond human understanding. The only way in which humans can play a role in the process is through prayer.
The childless matriarchs provided an important model of the efficacy of prayer and they also became important metaphors for consolation and comfort. Over time rabbinic enumerations of infertile biblical women whose prayers were answered evolved. Based on an alternate reading of Hannah's invocation to God in 1 Samuel 2:5, "While the barren woman bears seven," as "On seven occasions has the barren woman borne," the seven barren women are said to include Sarah, Rebecca, Leah, Rachel, the wife of Manoah (Samson's mother), and Hannah. The seventh is not an individual who lived in the past but is the personified Israel of some future time, based on Second Isaiah's characterization of Zion as a barren woman: "Shout, O barren one,/You who bore no child!/Shout aloud for joy,/You who did not travail!/For the children of the wife forlorn/Shall outnumber those of the espoused/—said the Lord" (Isaiah 54:1).
A typical example of such an enumeration appears in the homiletical A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules).midrash collection Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 20.1. The first section of a sermon based on Isaiah 54:1, "Shout O barren one," begins:
"He sets the childless woman (akarah) among her household/As a happy mother of children (banim)" (Psalm 113:9). There were seven such barren women: Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, Leah, Manoah's wife, Hannah, and Zion. Hence the words "He sets the childless woman (akarah) among her household" apply to Sarah [since we read] "Now Sarai was barren (akarah)" (Gen. 11:30), but the words "As a happy mother of children (banim) also apply to our mother Sarah: "Sarah suckled children (banim)"(Gen. 21:7).
The passage continues with a consideration of the remaining five biblical barren wives; in each instance biblical prooftexts demonstrate both her initial infertile status as an akarah and her ultimate triumph as a mother of children (banim). Peskita de-Rav Kahana 20:1 concludes with references to the future of Zion:
Finally, the words, "He sets the childless woman among her household" apply to Zion [of whom it is said]: "Shout, O barren one,/ You who bore no child!" (Isaiah 54:1); so [too] do the words "As a happy mother of children" [as it says] in, "And you will say to yourself,/ 'Who bore me these for me/ When I was bereaved and barren,/ Exiled and disdained'" (Isaiah 49:21).
In this and similar homilies, the repeated fulfillment of the prayers of the childless point to the ultimate restoration and flowering of the nation and land of Israel. In rabbinic society infertility was not an affliction exclusive to women. Childless men were painfully aware of having failed to fulfill a religious obligation. Still, the models of the barren matriarchs, and the accounts of divine responsiveness to their individual supplications, must have had singular and empowering resonances for women, whose participation in prayer, at least in public, was neither facilitated by education nor sanctioned by communal norms. The gleefulness with which the vindication of such suffering wives as Sarah is recounted seems proof of a popular female piety which cherished the recollection of biblical women who could communicate so effectively with God. The matriarch's answered entreaties and redemption from abasement, as well as their frequent linkage to the happy and fecund future of Zion, must have provided spiritual sustenance to women in a society which limited their access to most avenues of religious affirmation.
Baskin, Judith R. Midrashic Women: Formations of the Feminine in Rabbinic Literature. Hanover, NH: 2002; Baskin, Judith R. "Rabbinic Reflections on the Barren Wife." Harvard Theological Review 82 (1989): 1–14; Biale, Rachel. Women and Jewish Law. New York: 1984; Callaway, Mary. "Sing, O Barren One": A Study in Comparative Midrash. Atlanta: 1986; Cohen, Jeremy. "Be Fertile and Increase, Fill the Earth and Master It." The Ancient and Medieval Career of a Biblical Verse. Ithaca, NY: 1989; Daube, David. The Duty of Procreation. Edinburgh: 1977; Epstein, Louis. Marriage Laws in the Bible and Talmud. Cambridge, MA: 1942; Epstein, Louis. Sex Laws and Customs in Judaism. New York: l967; Falk, Zeev W. Jewish Matrimonial Law in the Middle Ages. London: 1966; Feldman, David M. Marital Relations, Birth Control and Abortion in Jewish Law. New York: 1968; Friedman, Mordechai A. Jewish Polygyny in the Middle Ages. New Documents from the Cairo Genizah (Hebrew). Jerusalem: 1986; Hauptman, Judith. Rereading the Rabbis: A Woman's Voice. Boulder, CO: 1998; Patai, Raphael. "Jewish Folk-cures for Barrenness." Folklore 54 (1943):117–24 and 56 (1945):208–18; Weisberg, Dvora. "Men Imagining Women Imagining God: Gender Issues in Classic Midrash." In Agendas for the Study of Midrash in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Marc Lee Raphael, 63–83. Williamsburg, VA, 1999.
Encyclopedia Article: Sarah: Midrash and Aggadah
Encyclopedia Article: Karaite Women
Encyclopedia Article: Kibbutz Ha-Dati Movement (1929-1948)
Encyclopedia Article: Jochebed: Midrash and Aggadah
Anonymous10 months ago
Wow can you defeat Satan and demons
Chaim Eliyah3 years ago
Fascinating read! Thank you.
Ariellabatlevi…3 years ago
In reply to <p>Fascinating read! Thank by Chaim Eliyah
Baskin, Judith R.. "Infertile Wife in Rabbinic Judaism." Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 27 February 2009. Jewish Women's Archive. (Viewed on January 20, 2020) <https://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/infertile-wife-in-rabbinic-judaism>.


"Inside, there's plenty of time to think. At first, this feels like a game, even one that is strangely amusing. Then, reality sets in. You're trapped. You see and hear your family lamenting your fate. Over the years, the carers forget to turn on the TV. You're too cold. Then you're too hot. You're always thirsty. The visits of your friends and family dwindle. Your partner moves on. And there's nothing you can do about it."
If you liked this story, we recommend listening to Mosaicscience – Breaking bad news by Chrissie Giles: https://mosaicscience.com/story/bad-news also available as podcasts.
Surgeons and their patients are finding that virtual reality can relieve the pain and stress of operations – and it's safer and cheaper than sedatives. Travel to a Mexican mountaintop village to visit a clinic with a difference.
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"It is clear that something has gone wrong in the UK, where HIV-positive people are shamed and ignored, and HIV-negative people uninformed. Assumptions abound. Infections rise. Asking an HIV-positive person today how they became infected so often elicits the following answer: "We didn't use a condom because I just assumed they were negative." People are still dying of ignorance."
What does it mean to be HIV positive in the UK today? Patrick Strudwick meets four people living with the virus to find out.
This story won the Science Explained category at the 2015 Medical Journalists' Association Winter Awards.
If you liked this story, we recommend Mosaicscience – Cradle-of-resistance-how-malaria-defeats-our-drugs by Ed Yong, also available as a podcast.


Fell in love with cars while in junior high school. Have had a '46 Chevy four door, '40 Ford coupe, '41 Ford pickup, '51 Chevy Fleetline, '66 big block Caprice, '67 Mustang fastback, '69 Mach 1 and currently own a '23 T Bucket. Started Top Tin Street Rods overy thirty years ago & still active in that club.
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text:
Finance & Investment>REITs
Regional Mall REITs Ring Up Solid Quarter
In spite of lackluster retail sales growth in recent months and a slowing economy, regional mall REITs continued their solid performance in third quarter 2007.
With five of the eight regional mall REITs filing their third quarter reports and a sixth, Feldman Mall Properties, reporting its delayed second quarter results, top-echelon players Simon Property Group and Taubman Centers Inc. emerged as the frontrunners, with rising occupancy levels and managements fees, while B-mall operators Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and Glimcher Realty Trust made headways in improving portfolio metrics. Meanwhile, Macerich Co. posted strong overall results, though it missed consensus estimates by a penny.
The solid performance for the sector came in the face of weak September same-store sales growth--which came in at 1.7 percent, below year-to-date average of 2.3 percent. ICSC expects that sales growth will improve somewhat in October, with 2 percent, and will rise to 2.5 percent in November and December. Meanwhile, economists are projecting full-year GDP growth for the U.S. economy to come in at about 2 percent, the weakest figure since 2002, with projections that 2008 won't be much better. Economists expect GDP to grow about 1.8 percent next year.
But the regional mall sector seems particularly well insulated from any problems that may crop up as a result of an economic slowdown because companies built so few new properties in the past decade, says Jason Lail, senior research analyst with SNL Financial, a Charlottesville, Va.-based research firm. Instead, most regional mall REITs have spent billions in renovating, redeveloping or expanding existing properties, invested internationally or built open-air mixed-use and lifestyle centers.
"There seems to be a consistent belief that class-A malls are not going to be affected by the current consumer market, and in the broader picture, you are not going to see a new saturation of regional malls," he says. "Competition will be non-existent."
The numbers for the third quarter bear this out.
Indianapolis-based Simon Property Group, which serves as the bellwether for the retail REIT sector as the largest company, according to Friedman, Billings, Ramsey analyst Paul Morgan, beat consensus estimates by $0.04 this quarter, with FFO per share of $1.46. The figure represents an increase of 12.3 percent from the third quarter of 2006. Same store NOI for the company's regional malls rose 5.6 percent, while NOI for its outlet center division rose 9.4 percent.
Simon increased both rents and occupancy levels throughout its portfolio--at regional malls, occupancy climbed 20 basis points this quarter, to 92.7 percent, while the outlet centers are now near full occupancy, at 99.6 percent. The number represents an increase of 30 basis points. Rents at regional mall properties rose 4.8 percent, to $36.92 per square foot, while rents at outlet centers grew 5.8 percent, to $25.45 per square foot.
Simon also posted an 8 percent increase in sales per square foot at its outlet centers, to $499. CEO David Simon attributes this robust growth to the influx of foreign tourists eager to take advantage of the weak dollar. Sales at regional malls went up 3.6 percent, to $491 per square foot.
Starting in July, Simon also started receiving management fees from its partner Farallon Capital Management for its work on the Mills Corp. portfolio. Mills rents, at an average of $35.10 per square foot, still trail Simon's by about 5 percent and have a lower occupancy level, at 88.5 percent, but company executives say they already started work on improving those numbers. The Mills portfolio contains 38 properties--about half of which are value megamalls, while the rest are more traditional regional malls.
During Simon's conference call on Oct. 29, chairman and CEO David Simon said the company has seen minimal impact from the slow retail sales growth in recent months, with most tenants still planning to go ahead with new store openings. "There is a lot of economic uncertainty out there and it would be naïve to suggest that there won't be some impact," he said. "But we actually embrace these economic changes, that's when we have done some of our best work."
Simon expects to continue undeterred through the rest of 2007 and into 2008, though company executives concede they might be more conservative with new project rollouts going forward.
"We believe that Simon's malls will be relatively more insulated than some of its peers from the weaker consumer by virtue of the quality of its assets," wrote Bear Stearns analyst Ross Smotrich.
Simon estimates that for the whole of 2007, the company will post FFO per share of $5.88.
Bloomfield Hills, Mich.-based Taubman Centers posted strong results as well, with FFO per share of $0.68, a 19.3 percent increase from the third quarter 2006. Same store NOI increased 9.8 percent.
In general, analysts praised the REIT, but Citigroup's Jonathan Litt pointed out that Taubman's rental growth remained below that of its peers. Taubman reported rent growth of 1.9 percent in the third quarter, at $43.08 per square foot.
During Taubman's conference call, on Oct. 23, company president, chairman and CEO Robert S. Taubman said he remained optimistic about the upcoming holiday sales season, though he admitted third quarter sales performance was uneven within the company's portfolio. "There is no clear pattern to consumer spending across our centers," he said. "But every part of our business seems to be firing on all cylinders, so we are cautiously optimistic."
Taubman estimates that its FFO per share for 2007 will range between $2.83 and $2.87.
Analysts also got a pleasant surprise from Pennsylvania REIT (PREIT), a Philadelphia-based REIT, which operates 38 malls within its 34-million-square-foot portfolio, in addition to 11 strip and power centers. The company beat consensus estimates by $0.06 this quarter, with FFO per share of $0.32. The number represents a 5 percent increase from the third quarter of 2006 and the fourth consecutive positive quarter for PREIT, according to Morgan Stanley analyst Matthew Ostrower.
"We view the return of FFO growth as absolute prerequisite for the stock to begin performing at least in-line with the overall mall REIT peer group," he wrote.
As of Tuesday afternoon, PREIT stock was trading at $37.39 per share, 5.3 percent above its 52-week low of $35.50 per share. PREIT expects that its FFO per share for 2007 will range from $3.82 to $3.87.
Columbus, Ohio-based Glimcher Realty Trust, meanwhile, missed consensus estimates by $0.02 with FFO per share of $0.50, a decrease of 3.8 percent, but the miss represents growing pains, according to Lail. The company has been trying to rid itself of under-performing assets throughout this summer, in an effort to improve its portfolio, and it has lost some rental revenue as a result.
Glimcher's other vital signs, however, seem good, according to analysts. Same-store NOI increased 3.5 percent. Occupancy levels rose 130 basis points to 91.3 percent. Average rents grew 2 percent, to $25.89 per square foot. And average sales increased 2.5 percent for stores less than 10,000 square feet, to $364 per square foot, and 1.7 percent for stores less than 20,000 square feet, to $352 per square foot.
In a note on Oct. 26, Hilliard Lyons vice president Tony Howard wrote that he remains split on Glimcher's performance. "While we believe the company's strategy is the appropriate long term solution, the near-term impact on the bottom line may warrant Glimcher's stock selling at a discount," Howard wrote.
Glimcher expects that its FFO per share for 2007 will range between $2.04 and $2.10.
Even Feldman Mall Properties, which had been behind in its SEC filings since the beginning of the year, pulled through to reveal its second quarter results and announced some management changes, giving analysts hope the REIT might still turn itself around without resorting to a sale.
Analysts had a mixed reaction to news from Great Neck, N.Y.-based Feldman Mall Properties, which finally released its second quarter results on Oct. 26. The company, which operates seven malls totaling 7 million square feet, reported FFO per share of negative $0.12, compared to $0.20 in third quarter 2006, a decrease of 160 percent. Same-store NOI fell 0.9 percent.
During Feldman's conference call on Oct. 29, CEO Larry Feldman apologized to investors for the delays in reporting and the resulting lack of transparency, as well as the weak results posted by the REIT. Feldman already revealed that he will step down as CEO to focus on real estate operations, in his words, his main "strength," while Tom Wirth, who currently serves as CFO, will take on the position of president.
The company's independent board members also formed an executive committee, headed by Bruce Moore, which will help Feldman implement its turnaround strategy and look for new executive talent. For the moment, the REIT will remain without a CEO.
"To be successful, the company needs to accelerate the pace of its redevelopment projects, and our board members recognized that our current structure was not working," Feldman said during the conference call.
Lail views the changes as a positive, but he also believes the company might end up becoming the target of merger and acquisition activity. Feldman already retained the services of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. this June to help it look at strategic alternatives, and with its stock reaching a 52-week low of $4.34 per share on Oct. 30, it continues to trade at a discount to NAV.
The rest of the sector, however, seems set for another good quarter. Even though Santa Monica-based Macerich Company, which released its numbers earlier today, missed consensus estimates by $0.01 (because of lower-than-expected land sales gains), its FFO per share grew 17 percent in the third quarter, to $1.15. Macerich also reported NOI growth of 2.4 percent, a 5.5 percent increase in sales per square foot, to $460, and a 50 basis point increase in occupancy level, to 93.5 percent.
While market observers expect slow retail sales growth going forward and the market has already seen some notable bankruptcy announcements this fall, including the Movie Gallery and Bombay Company, Inc., Lail thinks it will be some time before the mall REITs start feeling the effects.
"I would expect it would take a year and a half to two years for one retailer's stagnant sales to have a strong effect on a REIT's overall portfolio performance," he says. "And the same applies to bankruptcy."
Regional mall REITs that still have to file their reports include the General Growth Properties, which will report its results later today, and CBL & Associates Properties, Inc., which will report next week.
(Editor's Note: Next week's newsletter will examine shopping center REIT results.)
--Elaine Misonzhnik


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11ac can transmit a single spatial stream in a 20 MHz channel, and the speed of that single spatial stream can be related to many higher data rates through simple mathematical operations. Each spatial stream adds proportionally to through‐ put. Wider channels also increase throughput proportionally. To get the speed of any MCS rate, take the basic 20 MHz stream, multiply by the number of spatial streams, and then multiply that result by a channel correction factor. Table 2-4 shows how the cal‐ culation works.
It contains the following fields: Rx and Tx VHT-MCS Map (16 bits each) The MCS map is a simple structure. Two bits are used to represent three options: the value 0 stands for the mandatory minimum support of MCS 0 through 7, the value of 1 adds MCS 8 for a total support of MCS 0 through 8, and the value of 2 42 | Chapter 3: The MAC adds MCS 9 for total support of MCS 0 through 9. The value of 3 is reserved. The two-bit field repeats eight times so that the transmitter can specify the maximum MCS supported for each spatial stream.
11ac is much simpler because there is only one format. 7 5. 11n: A Survival Guide. 6. 11n: A Survival Guide. 7. 11n: A Survival Guide. PHY-Level Framing | 21 Figure 2-6. 11 frame is about to start, synchronizing timers, and selecting an antenna. 11 device that is capable of OFDM operation can decode these fields. 11a to describe the data rate and length (in bytes) of the frame, which is used by receivers to calculate the time duration of the frame's transmission. 11ac frame. 11ac devices. VHT signaling is split into two fields, the Signal A field and its companion, the Signal B field.


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The Anaheim Community Services Department provides teens, 13 - 17 years of age, the opportunity to give back to their community and earn service hours through the summer VolunTEEN Program. Teens can volunteer at various summer programs throughout Anaheim, including O.A.K.S. Summer Day Camp, Wilderness Survival Camp, Tiny Tots Academy, Summer Nights Under the Stars at Pearson Park Amphitheatre, East Anaheim Gymnasium, S.T.A.R.S. After School Program and the Fun on Wheels Mobile Recreation Program.
The Community Services Department is required to have volunteers' TB clearance on file. All applicants are required to submit a copy of a TB clearance slip dated within the last two years (2017 - present will be accepted for the summer 2019 program). Applicants are responsible for the cost of the test.


Big Red Bus Club is a volunteer led family wellbeing centre. We are a dynamic local charity in a period of significant growth. Since becoming a charity in December 2016, we have started new projects and successfully diversified funding streams to underpin our future as an organisation.
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Tracking goals is an ongoing process, not a one time thing. This is the time when you are actively working on your goals and it is generally over some long period of time. During that time, its important that goals are not just forgotten. They need to be looked at on a regular basis. The more you think about your goals, the more you enhance the related beliefs and the more attention you will put to achieving these goals. I have some recommendations here for working towards your goals as well for tracking and monitoring them.
The next important thing to do for working on your goals is pick the absolute simplest thing you can and make it the next thing you can work on. It should be something that you can do immediately (today or tomorrow). It might be as simple as looking up a contact name or finding some article or reference material, but that in itself is progress and a step towards your goal. Come up with a list of these simple things that will lead to progress towards your goal and write as many of them as you can think of. Making a habit of doing simple tasks towards your goal is very important and a great way to ensure that your focus will last without feeling overwhelmed by the work and that you have an impossible goal.
Make sure you keep tasks simple so you don't get bogged down by any one long task and break them into pieces if you need to so you can always work on some small part. Keep a running list. Update it frequently so you don't run out of things to work on. As mentioned above, you should focus on your goals on a regular basis and spend that time planning, reviewing and working on the tasks to help towards your achievement.
Some people find it helpful to use a goal buddy that they can share their plan and tasks list and hold them accountable to so that they are responsible to get things down not only for themselves, but also for the other person since they will be expecting it. Try this out to see if it works for you. Sometimes even just telling someone else and reporting to them on how its going is enough to keep you working with extra inspiration. A mentor here is perfect for helping to track and monitor your goals.
This may be daily, weekly or perhaps only monthly. The preference highly depends on each person and on the goals themselves. I recommend weekly, no matter what the goals are, since most people can remember tasks and items from about a week, but not much more.
Progress. The one and only thing that really matters for goal achievement. Continuous, steady progress will lead to accomplished goals. You will never get there without progress. This is why the small tasks work so well since you can easily remind yourself when you review your goals of the success and progress you are already having towards your goal if you are taking it on in small pieces.
Taking a simple action everyday or every week is a great way to have success in your whole goal setting process and it will definitely continue to inspire you to keep going strong with it. Keep that list of items going and keep them small enough that every time you review your goals, you have at least one thing to check off as being done.
Is Changing a Goal Cheating?
Next, its important to carefully consider your goal progress and be honest with where you are at. Its even a good idea to change your goals when you are falling behind. Its no use to beat yourself up for falling offtrack or getting behind on things, simply change your goal, reset, and starting making progress again. This is where most people fail who do set goals, they seem unwilling to change their goals, get farther and farther behind and eventually just give up. Don't do that, just change your goal.
Adjusting a goal might mean changing the timebase of it, changing the goal itself to make it easier for you or even eliminating a goal altogether. Perhaps, just the way you measure a goal needs to be refined so you can tell when you've really accomplished it. Maybe your ideas and priorities have changed. After all, people's minds and circumstances change all the time and therefore, so should their goals. If you've changed your beliefs about a goal, adjust it and make it real again. Remove some goals or add new ones. Its perfectly valid to adjust your goals constantly and actually, it will drastically help you to focus on the right goals that really do mean something, because those topics don't just fade away; irrelevant and temporary ones definitely do. Is it cheating? No way, its part a proper goal setting process.
So, keep reviewing goals regularly, recognize progress towards your goal and feel free to change things to make them more appropriate.
Thanks, that's a great post!
tracking goals and todo list, and time tracking, etc, it is called GoalsOnTrack.com. It's free at http://www.GoalsOnTrack.com.


text:
ZUNAMON ET AL v. JONES ET AL, 271 Ark. 789 (1981)
LexRoll.com > LexRoll (AR) > Arkansas Court Opinions > ZUNAMON ET AL v. JONES ET AL, 271 Ark. 789 (1981)
Simon ZUNAMON, CHICAGO MILL AND LUMBER COMPANY, Billy SCALES, Alton CHAMBLISS, and THE MELINDA HUNTING CLUB v. Enoch JONES, Eugene DOBSON, Tom MORELAND, T. R. MORELAND, Ike BOWMAN, Billy FERGUSON, and H. C. NEELY
No. CA 80-339.
610 S.W.2d 286Court of Appeals of Arkansas
Opinion delivered January 28, 1981 Recalled Reinstated February 25, 1981
1. EASEMENTS — CREATION — ADVERSE CHARACTER OF USE. — Where there is usage of a passageway over land, whether it began by permission or otherwise, and the usage continues openly for seven years after the landowner has actual knowledge that the usage is adverse or the usage continues for seven years after the facts and circumstances of the prior usage are such that the landowner would be presumed to know the usage was adverse, then such use ripens into an absolute right. 2. EASEMENTS — PRESCRIPTION — WHAT CONSTITUTES NOTICE OF ADVERSE USE. — There is no requirement that some person or persons communicate to the landowner that they intend to use a roadway adversely; it is sufficient that the landowner knew or should have known that the road was being used adversely. 3. EASEMENTS — PRESCRIPTION — SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE. — Where the evidence was that appellants were aware of the public's open and continued use of a roadway for at least 50 years, there was a discernible road which was maintained by the county and private citizens, that some of the appellants had posted two "Keep Out" signs on trees on each side of the road for a five-year period, but that there was never an attempt to prevent the public from using the roadway until the action by appellants which resulted in the present suit, the evidence was
sufficient to support the trial court's decision that the road became a public easement by prescription. 4. EASEMENTS — PRESCRIPTION — LENGTH OF USE AS EVIDENCE THAT USE WAS ADVERSE. — The long length of time that a road was used by many people is, in itself pertinent evidence of adverse use. 5. EASEMENTS — PRESCRIPTION — EXTENSION OF PRESCRIPTION — RIGHTS TO PASSAGEWAY. — Where the thirty foot strip of land from the roadway to the Arkansas River was merely an extension of the prescriptive roadway used by the public to gain access to the river and where such use was established for travel and other purposes as early as 1913, the evidence was sufficient to support the Chancellor's decision granting public prescriptive rights to this thirty foot strip of land.
Appeal from Desha Chancery Court, Arkansas City District, Donald A. Clarke, Chancellor; affirmed.
W. H. Dart and L. David Stubbs, for appellants.
Smith, Smith Hubbell, by: Billy J. Hubbell, for appellees.
TOM GLAZE, Judge.
This is an appeal from a Chancery Court decree wherein it was held that the appellees and the general public had acquired an easement by prescription over a roadway through open and unenclosed timberlands owned by the appellant, Simon Zunamon. These lands are operated by appellant, Chicago Mill and Lumber Company, in furtherance of its timber interests in Desha County. Chicago Mill had leased a part of this land (which involved the roadway in question) to appellant, Melinda Bar Hunting Club.[1]
In March, 1979, the Melinda Club members caused a cable to be placed across the roadway, blocking public access to it. The appellees filed suit seeking an injunction to remove the cable, contending that the road was a public road acquired by prescription. Zunamon and Chicago Mill defended the suit, claiming that they gave blanket permission for the public to use the road, and that the permissive use of the roadway prevented the creation of an easement by prescription.
From an adverse decision, Zunamon and Chicago Mill contend on appeal that the appellees did not present sufficient proof that an easement by prescription had been created. Moreover, they also appeal from the lower court's decision which granted public prescription rights on land other than the roadway owned by Zunamon.
The controlling law of the case before us is stated in Fullenwider v. Kitchens, 23 Ark. 442, 266 S.W.2d 281 (1954). The court in Fullenwider, after it reviewed the leading prescription right cases in Arkansas, stated the law as follows:
A consideration of the many opinions of this court regarding the acquisition of a right-of-way over lands makes it clear, in our opinion, that no real conflict exists. All our opinions are in harmony on one point, viz.: Where there is usage of a passageway over land, whether it began by permission or otherwise, if that usage continues openly for seven years after the landowner has actual knowledge that the usage is adverse to this interest or where the usage continues for seven years after the facts and circumstances of the prior usage are such that the landowner would be presumed to know the usage was adverse, then such usage ripens into an absolute right. (Emphasis supplied.)
Zunamon and Chicago Mill argue, and we believe correctly, that the original prescription in favor of a permissive use cannot be rebutted solely by evidence showing the road was used by the public over an extended period of time. However, the appellants' argument also seems to include that some person or persons were required to communicate to Zunamon or Chicago Mill that they intended to use the roadway adversely. This is not true. The length of time and circumstances under which the roadway was opened and used is sufficient to establish an adverse use. McGill v. Miller, 172 Ark. 390, 288 S.W. 932 (1926). Again, the court in Fullenwider made it clear what kind of knowledge was required to show an adverse claim wherein it held:
In our opinion . . . the weight of the testimony supports
the finding of the Chancellor that appellee and her predecessors in title used road B for more than seven years after appellants and their predecessors in title knew or shout have known that the road was being used adversely. [Emphasis supplied.]
From the foregoing, we must now decide if the appellees presented sufficient evidence to show the public openly and continuously used the roadway in question for seven years or more, and if the facts and circumstances surrounding the usage were such that Zunamon and Chicago Mill knew or should have known it was adverse. We conclude the evidence before the trial court was sufficient to support its decision that the road became a public easement by prescription.
There was testimony that the road was in existence as early as 1913 or 1914 and was used by people coming out from a steamboat landing located on the Arkansas River. Appellee, Dobson, testified that this road was travelled by wagons, buggies and automobiles as long as sixty-six years ago. There was evidence offered by several witnesses that the roadway had been maintained by private citizens as well as the county, which included grading and graveling the road. There were maps introduced as exhibits which clearly show a discernable road which spans over a one and one-quarter mile area and is approximately thirty feet in width. In the case of Burdess v. Arkansas Power Light, 268 Ark. 901, 597 S.W.2d 828 (1980), cited and relied upon by appellants, the court denied a public easement existed in part because there was no discernable roadway and the passageway sought was no more than an unimproved timber trail. The facts before us are clearly distinguishable from those in Burdess. Finally, witnesses called by appellants and appellees at this action agreed that the roadway was used by log hauling concerns, fishermen, hunters and campers.
The facts and circumstances shown by the foregoing evidence and testimony alone is sufficient to establish the appellees' right to a public easement over the roadway in question. Additionally, however, it is the testimony of the appellants' witnesses which makes our decision conclusive on the issue before us. Oscar Locher, age 69, and manager of
Chicago Mill since 1929, testified he was aware of private logging concerns and other people using the road for fifty years, and there `was never an attempt to prevent people from using it until March, 1979. Mr. Wilkins and Mr. Beatty, members of the Melinda Bar Hunting Club, testified they were familiar with the road for thirty-two years and seventeen years, respectively, and they, too, were aware of the public's use of the road. Both Wilkins and Beatty agreed that their Club had placed two "Keep Out signs on trees on each side of the road for a five year period, but again no action was taken until 1979 to bar the public from using the road. In summary, although several representatives of the appellants knew and were aware of the public's open and continued use of the roadway for at least fifty years, the appellants never denied access to anyone. The long length of time that the road was used by many people is, in itself, pertinent evidence of adverse use. Weigel v. Cooper, 245 Ark. 912, 436 S.W.2d 85
The appellants' second point raised on appeal is that the Chancellor erred in granting public prescription rights to a thirty foot strip of land from the road to the river, two hundred yards south of the Missouri-Pacific Railroad bridge. Much of the evidence we have already reviewed above involves testimony of witnesses who related that the road was used by the public to get to the Arkansas River.
Consistent with our decision that the one and one-quarter mile long, thirty foot wide roadway is a public easement, we also hold that the evidence in the record is sufficient to support the Chancellor's grant of the additional thirty foot passageway from the road to the Arkansas River. Appellants direct our attention to the case of Clarke v. Montgomery County, 268 Ark. 942, 597 S.W.2d 96 (Ark.App. 1980), and argue that there is no authority for extending public prescription rights to a parking area or "landing" for the entry of boats into the Arkansas River. Our Court, in Clarke, held only that prescription easement rights are limited to public thoroughfares used for travel purposes, and there was no authority for extending public prescription rights to a parking area used sporadically by members of the public. In the case at bar, the Chancellor granted a passageway from the road to the
Arkansas River, all of which was consistent with evidence which was before the trial court. This passageway was merely an extension of the prescriptive roadway used by the public to gain access to the river. Such use was established for travel and other purposes as early as 1913.
In accordance with the conclusions we reached above, the trial court's decree must be affirmed.
CORBIN, J., not participating.
[1] Appellees' complaint was first filed against the Hunting Club as the Melindy Hunting Club. The Melinda Bar Hunting Club filed a Motion to dismiss and the appellees amended their complaint to reflect the correct name of the Club.


Download The Royal Nonesuch Or What Will I Do When I Grow Up ebook PDF or Read Online books in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online button to THE ROYAL NONESUCH OR WHAT WILL I DO WHEN I GROW UP book pdf for free now.
A treasury of criticism, reflection, observation, and insight from the A.R.T.'s past twenty years, gleaned from its newsletter, conferences, post-production symposia, and pre-talk shows, illustrated with photographs and drawings from A.R.T. archives.
Ira Fistells Mark Twain: Three Encounters begins with a perceptive analysis of the authors major novels which will be a revelation to any reader of Twain. Ira proves that Tom Sawyer is anything but a kids book; explains why the ending of Huckleberry Finn, often dismissed as just cheating, is actually the most brilliant part of the book; makes sense of the confusing and difficult Connecticut Yankee; and discovers the tragedy in The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson. Then this book explores how the places Twain live affected what he wrote, and concludes with a stunning explanation of the authors terrible guilt in his later years. No other study of Twain and his work compares with this one: it is the essential book on this subject.


SHELBY TOWNSHIP, Mich. — A pig that was taken into custody for going hog wild in a town outside of Detroit seem to express utter contempt for authorities by defecating all over the inside of the police car and smiling about it.
Debbie DeRiemaecker told ABC Affiliate WXYZ the she was doing yard work at her suburban home when a pig suddenly charged toward her from out of nowhere. After being chased around the yard, a laughing DeRiemaecker dialed 911 and explained the situation.
Shelby Township Police Officer Kevin Treworgy decided to remove the pig from the scene, and placed her in the backseat of his patrol car. In disbelief of the surreal image, Treworgy took photos and video of the pig snorting disdain at her captor.
"Yep, that is in my Shelby Township police car," said Treworgy in a video uploaded the police department's Facebook page.
In hindsight, putting a pig in the backseat of a car was probably a mistake.
Things took a turn for the worse when the pig, named Daisy, relieved herself in Treworgy's car, and kicked it all over the backseat. The proud porcine smiled in photos, looking undeniably pleased with herself.
"Now we know why that pig is smiling in the first pic! Lol," wrote the Shelby Township Police Department, posting an image of the aftermath.
Police later discovered Daisy's owner and returned her to them. The owner was also courteous enough to clean up the back of Treworgy's car as well.
"for me to poop on"!


text:
Indian Horse
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56
All Themes Family and Tradition Cultural Genocide Abuse and Trauma Racism and Prejudice Transcendence
All Characters Saul Indian Horse Naomi Father Gaston Leboutilier Virgil Fred Kelly Sister Ignacia Slanting Sky
All Symbols Hockey
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Richard Wagamese
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Family and Tradition
Cultural Genocide
Abuse and Trauma
Racism and Prejudice
Saul Indian Horse
Father Gaston Leboutilier
Fred Kelly
Sister Ignacia
Slanting Sky
Cultural Genocide Theme Analysis
Themes and Colors
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Indian Horse, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
In 1994, the United Nations defined cultural genocide as "Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving [an ethnic group] of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities." By this definition, 20th century Canadian laws and government policies qualify as one of the most flagrant and destructive cultural genocides of modern times. For more than a century, the Canadian government officially required all Indigenous Canadian children to attend Christian, English-speaking schools, so that the children could assimilate to European Canadian culture. Law enforcers had freedom to take Indigenous Canadian children from their families and send them to schools hundreds of miles away (in effect, kidnapping them). In addition to being underfunded and conducive to high rates of sexual abuse, these schools were institutionalizations of a cultural genocide campaign: they were explicitly designed to weaken Indigenous Canadian languages and traditions. In Indian Horse, Saul Indian Horse attends an indigenous school called St. Jerome's, where he experiences firsthand the viciousness of the cultural genocide that took place in Canada.
By portraying the Indigenous Canadian cultural genocide from the perspective of a small child, Wagamese emphasizes the terror and chaos that it caused. Saul's siblings, Benjamin and Rachel, are abducted from their communities at an early age with no explanation given, other than that they're required by law to go to school. Benjamin and Rachel's kidnappings cause Saul's parents tremendous grief, which leads to their becoming alcoholics. Wagamese portrays Saul's abduction, which occurs a few years later, as a confusing, disorienting event. Two men drag Saul away from his dying grandmother, Naomi, and send him to St. Jerome's. The men make no effort to take care of Naomi, and they seem to have no hesitation about taking a child away from his dying grandparent. This suggests that the men are not motivated by a desire to help nor tempered by any sympathy for the family. Rather, it seems, at best, that they're following orders, and, at worst, actively trying to destroy the Fish Clan's family structure. At the time, the Canadian government offered many justifications for its education policies, usually suggesting that the policies were designed for Indigenous Canadians' own good. By depicting the effects of these policies from a child's point of view, Wagamese cuts through the government's claims and shows the policy for what it really was: a mass kidnapping scheme, which had the effect of destroying Indigenous Canadian families, and inevitably weakening Indigenous Canadian culture.
Saul and his Indigenous Canadian peers are sent to St. Jerome's for one reason: to un-learn the culture they grew up with. He and his classmates are told that they're going to learn the English language and the Christian religion. The teachers are constantly talking about the importance of English and Christianity, but Saul never says what, if anything, he learned about these subjects. Indeed, few of the teachers at the school seem to take Christianity seriously at all. Instead of practicing love and mercy, the teachers brutally beat their children, and in some cases sexually abuse them. Eventually, it becomes obvious that the only real "lesson" the teachers teach is the inferiority of Indigenous Canadians and Indigenous Canadian culture. The students are tortured and abused until they agree to reject their old languages and customs and become meek and subservient to their white instructors. In effect, St. Jerome's wipes out Indigenous Canadian culture and teaches Indigenous Canadian students to fear and obey white Canadians.
The laws that brought about cultural genocide in Canada are especially frightening because they were framed as being unambiguously good for Indigenous Canadians: they promised to bring religion, language, and "civilization" to the native inhabitants of the land. The cultural critic Walter Benjamin said it best: "There is no document of civilization that is not at the same time a document of barbarism."
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Cultural Genocide ThemeTracker
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Cultural Genocide Quotes in Indian Horse
Below you will find the important quotes in Indian Horse related to the theme of Cultural Genocide.
Chapter 3 Quotes
So we hid from the white men. Benjamin and I developed the quick ears of bush people. When we detected the drone of an engine we knew to run. We'd grab the old lady's hand and scuttle into the trees and find a place to secret ourselves away until we knew for certain that there was no danger.
Related Characters: Saul Indian Horse (speaker), Naomi, John Indian Horse, Mary Mandamin, Rachel Indian Horse, Benjamin Indian Horse
Page Number and Citation: 10
Cite this Quote
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes
She smiled again with the same ghastly lack of feeling. "At St. Jerome's we work to remove the Indian from our children so that the blessings of the Lord may be evidenced upon them."
Related Characters: Sister Ignacia (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 46-47
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We'd never seen anyone so composed, so assured, so peaceful. Something in her bearing reminded us about where we'd come from. We surrounded her like acolytes and that enraged the nuns. They thought Sheila was thumbing her nose at them and they set out to break her.
Related Characters: Saul Indian Horse (speaker), Sheila Jack


"My name is Nairooze Few days ago I was looking for songs about " Tulips " my favorite flower and I found your cover " the tulip song " .. and guess what . it made my day , so I listen to it every day now i'm listening to your covers one by one .. you are just amazing I love music but I had never listened to a solo cello .. I think that I'm falling in love with it because of you Keep it .. just keep it and never stop playing music .. you are making peace in this world and i really appreciate it Greetings from Palestine"
"Hi Mareks! Thank you for the lovely concert today at Drottningatan! I'm a Finn and on a holiday in Stockholm - in my mind your concert was the most memorable part of my stay."
"Thank you for making our afternoons and evenings so joyful. I fully enjoyed this evening. Much love, Fari"
Hello, Mareks, I was lucky enough to be at your performance on Sunday in Oslo. Unfortunately I didn't have much time to enjoy your musical art, but anyway I can say that I was really impressed by it. I want to say "thank you" for your talent and for sharing it with other people. I'm really grateful you made the last day of my vacation in Norway unforgettable. Best wishes from Russia!


Debs is a Commercial Manager for all things digital at Fox Sports, Australia's leader in sports broadcasting.
Having over a decade of experience in television, digital and print, he's worked on some amazing projects and commercial campaigns including 4 FIFA World Cups, 2 Rugby World Cups, 1 Cricket World Cup and even had one on one interview with Sugar Ray Leonard during his tenure as a Reporter with SBS.
As Fox Sports Commercial Manager, a typical day can be working with media sales teams, advertising agencies, technology vendors, content partners while advising on some of the inner workings of the business, ranging from legal, marketing and acquisitions.
In an increasingly fragmented digital landscape, Debs is a firm believer in being agile in how you approach business, while never discounting the value of good relationships.
Previously, he was with Singtel Optus, overseeing the roll out & commercialisation of all official FFA digital properties including, 11 club sites and two apps. Having worked on both sides of media – content & commercial – Debs now draws on these skills to lead new strategic partnerships & growing digital commercial revenue across Fox Sports digital assets.


The red light district in Rheinland-Pfalz has finally gone digital, on Find Brothels we've introduced on desktops and mobiles the new way of getting laid without ever having to leave your home / hotel. Find Brothels is a free adult directory that helps you find a brothel within the red light district, all profiles are anonymous and registration is not necessary. Click a city within Rheinland-Pfalz from the list below or scroll to the left to view profiles of brothels directly.


This section details the Co-ordinated Scheme for Entry to Year R for children born between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2015.
Kent County Council to reallocate places that have become available from the schools' waiting lists. After this point, schools will take back ownership of their waiting lists.
If your child is at primary or school and you want to move them to a different school, you need to apply. This is called an in-year admission.
There is no guarantee that your preferred school/s will be able to offer your child a place. You should not remove your child from their current school before you have an offer of a place at another school.
in year 2 at infant school and due move to year 3 at junior school – you need to apply for a primary school place.
in year 6 at primary or junior school and due to move to year 7 at secondary school – you need to apply for a secondary school place.
Please keep a record of all communication with the school in case you need support from KCC later.
Complete the in year application form (PDF, 64.0 KB) and send it to the school you're applying to.
You need to fill in a separate form for each child and for each school you want to apply to.
Call us on 03000 41 21 21.
You should also contact your own local authority to keep them informed.
For children in care with a Statement of Special Educational Needs or an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) being placed with carers in Kent, it is important the social worker contacts the relevant Special Educational Needs area team if the child is moving to a different school.
If you are a member of the UK Armed Forces or a Crown Servant, with a confirmed posting to Kent, you can apply for an in year admission to a Kent school by completing an In Year Casual Admissions Form (IYCAF) (PDF, 64.0 KB) and sending it direct to your preferred schools. You must include an official letter that declares a relocation date and a Unit postal address or quartering area address with your application.
Where a school is able to offer a place, they will honour that place for 3 months. This can mean that a place can be kept open for the next academic year providing your child/children will start within the 3 month period. If the place has not been taken up at the end of the 3 months, the school may offer it to another child. If this happens, the school will inform you that the place is no longer available and you will need to make a new application for a school place. The school may choose to add your child's name to their waiting list if they have one.
If you move to Kent after Kent Test has taken place and want a Year 7 place at a grammar school, your child will still need to be assessed. This can be arranged through the grammar school you are applying for. Until the end of the first term in the school year, all grammar schools will use the Kent Test. This will give you an assessment which is valid for any grammar school in the Kent County Council area.
If your child has not already been tested and you are looking for a year 7 place after the first term in the school year, or a place in a different year group, the grammar school will use its own assessment process. If you apply for more than one grammar school your child will need to take a different test for each grammar school you apply for.
If your child has been permanently excluded from more than 2 schools, the school may refuse to offer a place. Please contact us for help if this applies to you.
If you are applying for a place at a grammar school, the school will get in touch with you about any testing arrangements.


text:
guestservices@oldlymeinn.com
This is a block of text Click Here
Side Door Jazz Club
Jazzy Brunch
HISTORY OF THE OLD LYME INN
The Old Lyme Inn building was constructed circa 1865 by the Champlain family.
The 300-acre-estate was a working farm until the Connecticut
Turnpike construction began in the early 1950s.
It once housed a riding academy, where Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis reportedly took lessons. At the turn of the century, many of Old Lyme's famous impressionist artists hauled their painting wagons into the beautiful fields and Connecticut woodlands behind the Inn. The Inn's barn also served as a studio for artists from the Florence Griswold.
When the turnpike arrived, the Champlain family home was sold and ultimately became the Barbizon Oak Inn.
The Inn was named after the Barbizon School of painters, as well as the 300-year-old Oak tree located on a hill behind the Inn property.
It was a friendly establishment with rooms for boarding. In 1965, the building endured a major fire that ultimately closed the Barbizon Oak. With its staircase and interior walls destroyed and not replaced, it passed through the hands of new owners several years later that ultimately restored the building and deemed it the Old Lyme Inn.
PLAN YOUR STAY AT THE OLD LYME INN
© 2023. All Rights Reserved. Old Lyme Inn
85 Lyme Street, Old Lyme, Connecticut
Website Design & Reservation Software by ResNexus


This course aims to support and develop your use of academic English: to enable you to respond fully and accurately to the requirements of your postgraduate programme and to prepare you for the demands which will be placed on your writing and language skills during the Stage 3 dissertation. Each class will provide opportunities for the development of vocabulary, accuracy, structure, coherence and style in writing. There will also be opportunities for you to become more familiar with aspects of British academic culture to help you contexualise the examples and texts used during your programme.
Every effort will be made to ensure that course content is relevant to the needs of the group and to your studies. To help you achieve the course aims, it is expected that you will spend some additional time relating the work of each session to your course work and that you will bring examples of on-going work / questions to each class.


Posh Kick Lite S410 is compatible with Bell HSDPA.
If the above Bell Internet & MMS APN settings do not work on your Kick Lite S410, make below changes to Bell Internet & MMS APN settings to get Bell Mobility on your Posh Kick Lite S410.
For Posh Kick Lite S410, when you type Bell APN settings, make sure you enter APN settings in correct case. For example, if you are entering Bell Internet & MMS APN settings make sure you enter APN as pda.bell.ca and not as PDA.BELL.CA or Pda.bell.ca.
Posh Kick Lite S410 is compatible with below network frequencies of Bell. Kick Lite S410 has variants S410A and X410B.
Compatibility of Posh Kick Lite S410 with Bell 3G depends on the modal variants S410A and X410B.
Posh Kick Lite S410 S410A supports Bell 3G on HSDPA 850 MHz and 1900 MHz.
Posh Kick Lite S410 X410B supports Bell 3G on HSDPA 850 MHz and 1900 MHz.
Overall compatibililty of Posh Kick Lite S410 with Bell is 100%. The compatibility of Posh Kick Lite S410 with Bell, or the Bell network support on Posh Kick Lite S410 we have explained here is only a technical specification match between Posh Kick Lite S410 and Bell network. Even Posh Kick Lite S410 is listed as compatible here, Bell network can still disallow (sometimes) Posh Kick Lite S410 in their network using IMEI ranges. Therefore, this only explains if Bell allows Posh Kick Lite S410 in their network, whether Posh Kick Lite S410 will work properly or not, in which bands Posh Kick Lite S410 will work on Bell and the network performance between Bell and Posh Kick Lite S410. To check if Posh Kick Lite S410 is really allowed in Bell network please contact Bell support. Do not use this website to decide to buy Posh Kick Lite S410 to use on Bell.


Cotton & Khadi: The most suitable and favorite dress material is cotton and Khadi. This is very common fabric on India and many hot countries around the world. The cotton dresses are cheaper, available in many varieties, absorbs moisture quickly and evaporate quickly. The cotton materials are easily washable and most preferred dress during hot summer.
Avoid heavily embroideries, stonework thick dress materials during summer. This makes you more uncomfortable.
Always wear loose garments and clean inner garments.
To have more air circulation, Linen cloth dress were suitable during the summer. These linen materials are available with different designs and colour to suit your taste.
The Aloe Vera and Lemon paste are excellent natural cream to keep your skin protected. The Bleaching rich agent, high Vitamin C, with an antioxidant from lemon helps to glow your skin. The Aloe Vera, the short-stemmed succulent plant that produces antiseptic gel is the natural skin shine. The mixer of Lemon juice and Aloe Vera gel keeps your face shining and glowing during the summer. This is all time skin cream.
The gram Flour with Curd face pack – it is another natural face pack with a combination of whitener and deep moisturizer. The gram flour, clean up your suntan from the skin and helps to glow brightly. The Calcium rich curd with the quality of exfoliating removes the dead skin or suntan and brings back your shining skin. Apply the gram flour and curd pack on your face, neck, and hands then allow drying for 15 to 20 minutes. Wash with warm water, your feel surprise to see your glowing skin. You can add few drops of lemon juice also.
Turmeric, Honey, and Yogurt pack – It is another homemade pack during summer to protect your skin. The turmeric known for its antiseptic quality and disinfectant cures small cut, burns or any infection. The moisturizing Honey, gel textured Yogurt mixed with Turmeric powder, helps to retain the skin quality and sparkling way.
The 25 ml of lemon juice or one full lemon juice, add 100 to 125 ml of ice water. Adds sugar or salt to taste and service with ice cubes. Three glasses of lemon juice in a hot summer day bring back your energy.
The natural, unadulterated health drink is Tender coconut. One tender coconut one day is enough to cool your summer hot days.
Watermelon Juice- Take one full watermelon and remove the skin and seeds. Juice it in a Juice maker; add litter sugar to taste and pinch of pepper. Keep it in the refrigerator, service with love and affection, which keeps you and family cool.
Mint or Pudina leaves is another good herb, which can add any of the above juices.
As a precautionary, take an umbrella or hat to protect your head, sunglasses for eyes, cotton dress, and handkerchief or tissues to wipe sweating Avoid outing during 11 am to 3 pm, this the peak period of hot sun. Drink one glass of hot or warm water in the morning, noon, and night to keep away your thirst. Let us celebrate the hot summer with cool way.
Why should I have Breakfast?