Smart and reliable pest control companies offer solutions that customers will be pleased with in South east london TN.
If you suspect that there is not improbable to be a bedbug infestation within your property, then it is better contact a specialist pest control company immediately in South east london TN. If infestation leaves you desperate for a pest control solution be wary of companies that overcharge in South east london TN. Customers come basic and we continually aim to offer the very highest level of pest control efficiency in South east london TN. All of our pest control operatives have the abilities that they need to will diagnose where the pests have accessed your property. This means that they can advise you on the top of the range steps to take to avoid a further infestation in South east london TN.
We take the standard of our books seriously, and guarantee a high level of pest control expertise in South east london TN.
A rat infestation has the potential to be risky for both humans and their pets. This is why our pest control engineers work swiftly to get rid of an infestation, while also making sure that it doesn't occur again in South east london TN. Death Watch Beetles can regularly be found in domestic properties, as their grubs eat hardwood structural timbers. A trained pest control company will have the technical knowledge and products to clear an infestation completely in South east london TN. There is a wide choice of solutions for every different kind of pest control complication in South east london TN. If there is an infestation of pests at your address, then it is better seek the advice of a professional pest control company. They have access to multiple different products that the public cannot access in South east london TN. Because we have a skilled and experienced team we offer a highly efficient solution for your pest control headaches in South east london TN.
Pest control complications can have long-term effects on the market value of your flat in South east london TN.
As with any industry, customer fix is an dominant part of an excellent pest control provision in South east london TN. It is in your trump never attempt to use a sticky trap to control a cockroach infestation, as they you should to are not efficient enough. A pest control expert will have the right materials to rid your property of cockroaches completely in South east london TN. We believe in the highest quality of books so we never cut corners when it comes to pest control solutions in South east london TN. When infestation strikes, pest control solutions might just be the cheapest than you think in South east london TN. Serving the local area for zillions of years, we offer tailored solutions to your pest control conundrums in South east london TN.
For any cockroach infestation, we would permanently advise that you seek the aid and aptitudes of a trained pest control company. Cockroaches can be difficult to ditch even by experts in South east london TN.
We always come true full audits of commercial and domestic properties before we to start a pest control operation. This allows us to estimate the entry criteria that the pests are using, and ensure that they are no longer accessible in South east london TN. If any of your employees mention that they've seen pests within your business, you should to contact a pest control company without delay. Pests can to lead serious damage to the structure of the property; they can also be a potential health hazard in South east london TN. If pest control issues are getting you down our quick and friendly staff can get to books immediately in South east london TN.
If your business premises has pest control problems get in touch with our expert team today in South east london TN. Infestation can regulate your staff and your customers. Contact our Pest Control team in South east london TN.
We aim to get our pest control team to an emergency situation within just a few hours. A large infestation can rapidly become larger if it is not dealt with swiftly in South east london TN.
Pests should never be allowed into an environment where food is either produced or prepared. If you do notice pests at any point, it would be desirable to contact a pest control engineer in South east london TN. Reliability and level of efficiencies frequently dictate the level of value offered by pest control professionals in South east london TN. As a pest control company, we understand that any infestation can be quite traumatic, especially in family homes. We aim to get an expert out to estimate the situation double quick so that we can take the right steps to removing the infestation in South east london TN. We're proud to be well known for providing an excellent pest control set right to our valued customers in South east london TN. It can take a long time for a pest control team to treat a heavy infestation of bedbugs, and it would be desirable to never experiment to treat this particular type of infestation on your own in South east london TN.
Eradicating pests is just one part of our job as pest control professionals, we also have to make sure that an infestation does not occur again in South east london TN.
Human fleas are incredibly rare in the United Kingdom and other developed countries, but fleas that use other animals as hosts occasionally use us as hosts when their desired host isn't close. Most fleas that hatch are on the floor, after falling off of our pets. When we walk by, the heat from our bodies awakens the dormant flea, usually resulting in a bite to the ankle. A pest control company should be consulted if you feel like there is a bad infestation within your flat in South east london TN. If you're looking for a skilled and highly motivated pest control team, telephone us today in South east london TN. Because we understand the importance of a high-quality pest control, we certify a superb put right in South east london TN. Flea infestations can be horrible, and they can appear to be endless. This is because we can kill the adult fleas, but the eggs can lie dormant around our homes. Pest control experts have the skills that they need to get rid of bad infestations effectively in South east london TN. It is possible to find beneficial prices for pest control services and the ensure of great put right in South east london TN.
We don't believe that any infestation of rats is too big, nor do we believe that any infestation of rats is too small. A small infestation can fast become a large one due to the fee at which rats breed, so our pest control experts know how to handle a variety of situations in South east london TN.
We aim to send a pest control professional engineer to your property within 24-hours if you suspect that there is likely to be a bedbug infestation. An infestation of bedbugs should constantly be treated quickly in South east london TN. As soon as you suspect pest control difficulties are occurring at your business premises, continually act quickly in South east london TN. Infestation regularly makes a comfortable and pleasant apartment unlivable until pest control is undertaken in South east london TN. Bedbugs can be a bloodsucking nightmare. They are not officially classified as a public health pest, but anyone who has experienced them will know how horrible they can be. A pest control engineer will be able to dispose them for you in South east london TN.
Don't let infestation ruin the time you spend in your put in place of residence; there are copious amounts of pest control solutions in South east london TN.
Pest control issues should be approached in a thorough manner that delivers excellent consequences in South east london TN.
Trust a pest control company that has experienced and highly qualified staff who know what they're doing in South east london TN. Just you only to constantly seek the aid of a trained pest control company if you suspect that there is possible that it is a rat infestation in your property, regardless of whether the property is commercial or domestic in South east london TN. As a pest control company, we've to be careful when we are called out to cockroach infestations. Cockroaches can be difficult to eradicate, and their removal involves the use of professional insecticides. These insecticides cannot be bought by anyone outside of the pest control field in South east london TN. Infestations can is done in even the top of the range-kept house so it's needed to have a pest control set right on hand in South east london TN. We treat all suspected bedbug infestations as an emergency because they can fast get out of hand. We aim to send a pest control specialist to your property in double quick time if you suspect an outbreak, to get control of the situation in South east london TN.
If you're looking for an affordable, high-quality pest control solution - you've come to the right set up in South east london TN!


Creating a fresh garden doesn't have to be a daunting project. Follow along as Ashley of Heirloomed shares a few easy tips for planning your own farmhouse inspired garden.
Hi, I'm Ashley Schoenith, the founder + lifestyle designer of Heirloomed. I'm on a mission to keep heirlooms around for another generation and gardening is one of those keepsake skills that I believe everyone should learn about and try their hand at.
Over the next few months I will be sharing my journey of how to create a Farmhouse Garden with you as part of an on-going story here with The Home Depot and their Garden Club. My goal with the Farmhouse Garden concept is to be able to effortlessly incorporate a garden into your everyday life with hearty fruits and vegetables, plenty of fresh herbs and even some beautiful flowers of your favorite varieties. Bringing these elements back into your home with farm-to-table recipes and gorgeous floral arrangements you can put together at a moments notice helps to keep your homesteading with your family all season long.
Creating a fresh garden isn't quite as daunting as it may sound. Really.
In fact, while I had two container gardens last year, this year I'm creating a bigger garden area and also incorporating edibles into my landscaping as well. Fresh rosemary, wandering mint, blueberry bushes, a fig tree and lavender are all elements of my front yard that may seem a little unexpected at first but I've found it to be a wonderful way to really maximize your garden from a beauty, functionality and cost perspective. So be sure to think outside the walls of your garden plot.
And if you're still not sold and you have kids just remember, creating your own garden is such a wonderful way for them to learn, help out AND be more interested in trying and eating new vegetables for dinner. That's a win/win in my book.
Here are a few tips for creating a Farmhouse Garden of your own.
Listen, I may have said creating a garden isn't as hard as you may think, but please don't mistake this for the fact that you must put some time and love into it to make it flourish. For that reason, I love to start any project with a fresh jolt of inspiration.
For me, I grew up with plants all around me. My Great Grandmother (Nana) had a beautiful rose garden that she tended to constantly and my daughter's middle name is "Rose" as a subtle nod to her fondness of the beautiful bloom. My Grandmother and Mom both carried on the "green thumb" gene and I suppose I inherited the bug as well.
Having your own inspiration will help this garden project really come to life and enable you to really create a tailored garden. Many folks head to Pinterest these days for a little creative inspiration (I know I do). You can check out the "Garden + Shed" board I created to curate images that really felt like the kind of garden I wanted to bring to life. The Garden Club also has a wonderful board filled with inspiration that you can follow here with lots of tips and projects.
If you're still lacking in inspiration, head back to the classics. I mean, who wouldn't be inspired by a Peter Rabbit type garden?
Once I put together my dream garden mood board I had to get down and dirty in the details.
I started by going out to my new garden plot and taking it all in. I took measurements of the space and made some notes thinking through how many stones it might take to frame it, how much dirt I may need and what areas get the most all-day sunlight. My area was covered in weeds and not-so-healthy dirt so I knew I was going to need to really give it some TLC before it was ready to go for the season.
In planning your garden, you'll also want to be sure you know what Zone you live in. The Home Depot has a handy map right on their site so you can find your region and figure out which plants grow the best, planting and harvesting suggestions and what conditions you're dealing with in regards to weather and soil conditions.
You will also want to take a mental survey of your garage or garden shed to determine what tools you may need to complete your project. Having the right thing for the job will make your garden project a lot easier in the end. The basics like some good hand tools, gardening gloves, a wide brimmed hat, a hose and some pots are just a few essentials for properly tending to your space.
There were a few items that were only available online, like these fantastic Garden Fences, so planning ahead also allowed me to go ahead and order things like this and have them arrive without delaying my planting.
Once you've done your homework, then you're ready to get started in really bringing your Farmhouse Garden to life.
I'm a very visual, hands-on person when it comes to projects like a garden. You can be guaranteed that where I start and where I end will more often than not be very different places but in the end my vision for the project will be in full bloom.
After I analyzed my garden space and my needs I started by making a list of all the plants I wanted to be sure to include in my own garden. Remember, one of the best things about starting a garden of your very own is that it can be exactly what you want it to be.
Because my Great Grandmother loved them, I knew roses were something I wanted to always have as part of my garden in some component so taking a mental note of plants + flowers that are meaningful to you and that you love will help you to love your bounty even more. I also included a few other nostalgic touches for my three young children that stemmed directly from my own childhood.
Blackberries grew in the woods next to my childhood home and I loved picking and enjoying them with my friends without having to bother with going inside for a snack. My husband and kids absolutely love Day Pickled Cucumbers so I knew having a variety of cucumber plants and herbs to pickle them, as chives and dill, was a must.
When plotting your space you'll also want to take into consideration such things as plants that work well next to each other, such as marigolds next to your tomato plants. I visited The Home Depot's Nursery before I planned out my space to ask a few questions of the experts and to scout out what plants they had in stock which gave me even more options and ideas. It also helped me to further visualize how big the plants were and read up on the planting instructions for each so I could determine such things as plant spacing and if I would need to trellis or stake anything.
Putting pen to paper really helped me in bringing my garden to life. I took the measurements, newly acquired knowledge of the plants and my own inspiration into consideration and sketched my little Farmhouse Garden. After several iterations, I was ready to begin.
Coming up, I'll be sharing more on my Farmhouse Gardening adventures as I'll be preparing my space, shopping for plants and getting the garden all planted. And just in time for the season.
Create a fresh garden of your own with the help of Home Depot. Join the Home Depot's Garden Club for ideas, inspiration, and tips for starting your own garden.


text:
Kinetic Energy Storage Firm Expands its Operation Capacity in the Philippines
Amber Kinetics, a manufacturer of grid-scale kinetic energy storage systems (KESS) will complete its second manufacturing plant in the country by year-end, expanding its production capacity by more than double. Its first firm facility in the First Philippine Industrial Park in Sto. Tomas, Batangas currently manufactures 600 to 700 units of flywheel energy storage in a year.
In a briefing, Amber Kinetics' Philippines director for business development Roberto Kanapi said the new manufacturing line for its flywheel technology will increase the company's capacity to produce 1,800 to 2,000 KESS annually. A flywheel technology energy storage system is a mechanical battery that stores energy in the form of kinetic energy. Unlike the others, flywheel technology has no degradation in capacity, does not emit hazardous materials, and has a longer life span of 30 years.
The new line is expected to cater to the huge demands from Australia, as well as the increasing demand in the country. The Philippine market is becoming a potential market for energy storage systems as it targets to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix to 35% by 2030 and 50% by 2040.
(Source: Philippine News Agency)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For the first time since moving to Australia in 2013, I went home for Christmas these holidays just past. And by home, I mean somewhere I've never actually lived, to Vancouver where my sister and her family live.
On the way back to Melbourne, my partner Jason and I met up with my parents had a quick sojourn in Hawaii, in the Kailua-Kona area on the 'Big Island.' My parents love to avoid Canadian winter now that they're both retired and have been to Hawaii several times, so they're excellent tour guides and very knowledgeable about the tourist traps vs. the authentic Hawaiian experience. We only had 4 short days there, but I snapped heaps of photos and would like to share a few.
Directly across the road from where we were staying was a small rocky beach with excellent snorkelling. That was one thing that surprised me about the island of Hawaii - how rocky and desolate it is! When most people think of Hawaii, they think of Honolulu and Waikiki on the island of Oahu and the famous white sand beaches. Volcanoes, sure, but mostly beaches and palm trees and resorts. Driving around on the island of Hawaii you see fields and fields of crumbling, tumbling black and brown lava rock, and very little else.
After snorkelling at Two Step, we headed to the Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historic Park, a sacred (kapu) site of ancient absolution rituals and a temple housing the bones of 23 chiefs (ali'i).
After that we headed to the famous St. Benedict Catholic Church, or 'Painted Church' as it's more widely known. It's a tiny little Gothic chapel on a hillside surrounded by an early 20th century cemetery, and the interior of the chapel is covered entirely in murals.
The next day my parents wanted to take us to see a lava tube, a naturally formed tunnel just chillin' on the side of the highway. When molten lava flows, the top layer hardens and forms a crust, while the molten lava under its surface keeps flowing. In the case of this one, the lava flow had long since ceased (obviously) leaving a long hollow cave. In a few places the ceiling of the cave had collapsed, leaving ominous holes on the rock's surface with a view into the tube below. It was VERY cool.
The rest of our time in Hawaii was spent lounging, strolling, eating, drinking, sampling Kona coffees and relaxing. It was so nice to spend some time with my parents and chill out before returning to the bustle of Australian summer with its weddings to photograph, its concerts and festivals and socialising.
Here are a few more random snaps from the trip. Thanks for reading!
Now we definitely didn't do it all ourselves. Set design was absolutely nailed by the very talented Zoe Rouse (who doubled as an assistant), and James' gravity defying hair was styled by Harriet O'Donnell. This was shot at Clik Collective in Kensington, my go-to studio these days.
Darling James and his four piece band are heading on an east coast tour in August, so if you like intelligent songwriting, high-key pop and synth-y goodness, check out the tour dates over on his Facebook page or give the band a listen on his Soundcloud if you're stuck on the west coast.
I've written before about collaborations with and work I've done for my friend Leah's business The Aquarium Vintage & Costume. She's got a brick-and-mortar store on High Street in Northcote, Melbourne, as well as an Etsy Shop that I've been doing heaps of catalogue work for (and been meaning to write about... you can see some of that work here.) Recently we collaborated on a super fun project that I'm very excited to share.
Leah approached me with some imagery ideas that she wanted to achieve for a website overhaul, involving mermaids, beach vibes and fantasy hair & makeup. In addition to being a vintage queen and fancy dress enthusiast (to put it lightly), Leah is also a FANTASTIC stylist. Her creativity, attention to detail and ability to effortlessly mix patterns, fabrics and accessories into one cohesive look is incredible to me.
Using pieces from her shop, her personal collection, and some wigs and accessories from Rose Chong Costumiers, Leah created 6 different looks that we photographed on a beach down in Sorrento, Victoria.
Now I gotta give credit where credit is due. We had a fantastic team for this shoot, put together by the one and only Leah Brimblecombe, stylist, business owner of The Aquarium Vintage & Costume, and all-around babe.


A course must be made available before students enrolled in the course can view or access the course and its content. However, you may want to make a course unavailable during the building process or after a scheduled course has finished.... A course must be made available before students enrolled in the course can view or access the course and its content. However, you may want to make a course unavailable during the building process or after a scheduled course has finished.
The Facebook page I want to connect to is not available to select This normally happens if you have previously connected another site to the same Facebook account, and restricted the pages that WordPress is allowed to manage.
Claiming your business's place page allows you to add more details to the page, such as photos. 1. Go to your business with a cellphone that grants Internet access.


I hung up the phone and went to the bathroom, feeling as if my bladder was about to explore. Once I finished peeing, I walked out of the bathroom and decided to watch some TV while I waited for the boys to return. A couple of minutes later, my phone buzzed with a text.
Shutting off the TV, I grabbed my bag and walked out of the room, making sure the door locked. Getting in the elevator, I leaned against the wall of it as it moved down, the doors sliding open with a ding to reveal the grand lobby of the hotel.
The two of us then walk across the lobby to where the back entrance of the hotel is, where the car was waiting for us. We got in and Alberto got in the passenger seat next to the driver, and the drive to the Empire State Building begins. It was a short drive, however, and we got to the building pretty soon.
Getting out of the car, Harry grabbed my hand and led me inside the building with Alberto following behind us. We stood in line to get our tickets but when we had them, we got into the elevator that took us up to the top.
Walking through a bunch of people, Harry opened the door which greeted us with a strong gust of wind, and I squinted my eyes as the sun suddenly hit our eyes. We stepped out where a bunch of people were looking down and taking pictures, and my eyes widen as we went towards the edge and looked down.
No one seemed to notice that Harry Styles was among them, to our benefit. The wind blew around strongly, whipping mine and Harry's hair back and forth. I looked down and saw tiny little people and cars in the streets of Manhattan that resembled ants. My mouth gaped in awe; we were so high up, I felt like if I kept staring straight down I'd fall dizzy.
"This is unbelievable," I chuckle as I look around the view of the city of Manhattan.
Alberto nodded as he took what Harry was handing him, which was his iPhone. Harry and I stood in front of the gated barriers, and I felt Harry's left arm slide around my waist and felt his hand rest on my hip.
We smiled at the camera as Alberto took our picture, even though I felt my heart pounding in my chest. I wouldn't be feeling so on edge if it weren't for that strange dream I had. It had left me lost and confused as hell, and I hated it.


This little chap is loyal and trustworthy. He is a creature of habit, and likes order in life… he dislikes if his life is re-arranged. With his walks, food and treats… he likes them at the same time each day. Any delay upsets him. He also likes his favourite chair or piece of furniture so he can lounge around and feel relaxed. He's not a pooch who would enjoy being put into a boarding while you travel. He's best kept with a friend who he gets on with. He easily falls in love with people, so is loved by all.
He is always in a hurry and has so much energy… he makes friends easily. Once he does, he is very devoted and dependable. He prefers open areas and does not like living in the city as he feels trapped. He loves his freedom to run and is very affectionate… He would welcome other pets in the house, as long as he is given adequate attention. He mixes well with adults as well as children. He loves being photographed…and pampered.
This is a pooch who gets bored easily and you need to have a variety of toys and activities to keep him happy and content. He loves being outdoors and running free. He is blessed with those large eyes that get him everything he wants from humans. He really knows how to make them work for him. He enjoys music and also loves being in a car or taxi…and likes to put his nose out of the window so he can take in all the aromas along the way. He does not like large families and is happy to be living with a couple or a single person.
He is a handsome pooch but very territorial and protective of his home. Everyone finds him cute and adorable, yet he has a true spirit of protecting his pet parents at any risk. He is also very protective of his home and all in it. He is a cherished pooch as he has this ability to make everyone feel happy and start laughing. He is happier with a light diet as he has a tendency to get indigestion and gastric troubles and you must watch his food.
A Leo pooch is real king of the pack. He is gorgeous, sophisticated and will have a regal royal pose. He will show off to everyone around and love the attention. There is not enough compliments given to this dog, you need to shower them with love, affection, praise and make sure there is enough to go round all day long. They will command luxury items and show you their appreciation by doing tricks and playing around. They will just love to play around and make everyone laugh. A wonderful companion who loves children!
Well, this pooch is a very fussy and particular little one. You have a total perfectionist in your camp. They need a spotlessly clean environment and get irritated if things are out of place or messy. They are also very prone to a nervous nature and can be highly emotional and can get very upset if you for any reason are not hygienic. Make sure you take this one out on time, as he likes discipline and order. Do not forget to groom this little one's paws and keep him in pristine condition, if not watch out.
This little chap is very loyal and loving and wants everyone to be happy. Do not treat this one with any kind of disrespect or injustice as he will immediately bark at you. A very balanced pooch who loves people! He does not like being taken advantage of and want to be respected and treated with love. He will judge your character, and those of your friends and relatives. Be careful, he can get kidney troubles if not kept happy and balanced. If you need a pooch to help you with your love life, this is the one, he has a magnetic attraction, everyone finds him gorgeous…and has the appeal of a celeb.
This little pooch is fiercely possessive and jealous to the core. Should you make the mistake and not show this canine your full attention you will be given the silent treatment. Once again you will have to make a fuss of him and give him a lot of attention, so that he will once again be your best buddy. This little boy is always looking for adventure and will get into things without you even noticing. He will melt your heart with his big angelic eyes. He will hate you raising your voice at him and, loves to sleep during the day and keeps you safe at night. He is a strong independent type, who wants an identical pet parent.
This little pooch loves to be free and is best suited to an outdoor country lifestyle. He likes to roam around and go on an adventurous trip. Never keep this canine in a confined space, he will bark constantly and be very unhappy. This is a dog who needs to be kept amused and happy…as boredom sets in, and then you will find a very unhappy boy. Always make sure you are loving and kind to this sign as he will not tolerate any kind of bad behaviour. This is a dog who lives life like a king, with dreams and happiness. Make sure you have enough space for this dog, as he will become ill if kept in a small area.
If you have a dog of this sign, you will know he has the best taste in everything. He wants luxury, the best bed, the best lead and the best food. He is the corporate pooch of all the signs. Success and being at the top is what he wants. A very dedicated pooch who will adore you and give you his best always. You will notice that he will not mess in the house, and bark for no reason. This pooch has style and demands your respect. A pooch who prefers a male pet parent. A dog with true sophistication and style… A Gucci pup…!
This pooch is a devoted and very loyal dog. He may seem a bit cold when you first meet, but you will soon notice he has a very genuine soul. A very adventurous boy who gets along with everyone. This is a pooch who needs a lovable quirky soul, who is a little eccentric. This is a canine who is very comfortable sitting by your side and just being next to you. Do not isolate this pup; he needs to be with a lot of people and other dogs. A dog who loves to watch animal programmes and the news… a dog with an old wise soul!
A very relaxed and chilled out pooch, who will not rush to wake you up. A dog who will do anything for you, just to make sure your life is easier and better. This is a pooch who is very in tune with what is going on and will always keep you safe and secure. A loving, caring, totally dedicated pooch who is also extremely alert and telepathic and truly psychic. A pooch who does not like to be ordered around and wants a true equal as a pet parent and looks upon you as his companion. He is not a dog who wants any kind of order. Chaos is what keeps this dog happy. A very sensitive and fragile dog who needs to be handled with love and care.


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As long as you guys are still here I will wait for ever.
As a fellow author who works full time, I completely appreciate your situation. I just recently discovered your series and fell in love. You are a talented writer. Hang in there. Keep writing.. And as a new fan, I can assure you, we will wait as long as it takes.
I hope things get better for you. I was very excited to hear there would be (at least) one more book in this series. While I am impatient to get to read it, I completely understand about life. I look forward to reading it once your life allows you to finish it, whether that ends up being this year, 2017 or even further out. Good thing are worth waiting for !!!
You and your series are worth waiting for.
Thanks for the update. Funny saying, life intrudes, but it really does. Best wishes to you on all fronts.
I will wait as long as it takes! Sending you lots of love and creative thoughts!


This is where the only position battles for the yanks are. If Greg Bird can stay on the field he will be the first baseman. He showed flashes of his power potential last year hitting 9 Home runs in only 147 at bats, the issue was his .198 avg thou. If he can get his average to a respectable level he should hit 25-30 homers easily and be a vital lefty hitter in a mostly right handed lineup. The unsung hero and leader IMO is the short stop Didi Gergorius. Didi followed up his breakout 2016 with a great 2017 hitting 287 with 25 home runs and 70 RBI. 2nd base and 3rd base were up in the air as spring began but a pair of savvy moves sured up the positions, acquiring Brandon Drury from the diamondbacks and signing Neil Walker. Once a top prospect, the Drury hype has cooled with 2 mediocre seasons but his potential is still there and while he will play 3rd his versatility being able to play 2nd and the corner outfield positions makes him a valuable piece. At 2nd youngster Tyler Wade is making a run at the position but I think Walker will win the job in the end. Neil has been an incredibly consistent player in his career, you know what you are getting. 15-20 homers, a .270 avg and solid defense. He has had trouble staying on the field the last 2 years but I'm blaming bad Mets luck for that, he'll be fine. The last name to talk about is Gary Sanchez. The best hitting catcher in the game will have the chance to clean up behind anyone the bash boys leave on base. His defense has been a issue in the past and possibly cost the Yankees a trip to the World Series but his bat will more than compensate for that going forward.
Here's where things a little interesting. While having the NL MVP and the AL MVP runner up is nice, when they play the same position it becomes an issue. Stanton got some time in left field this spring and looked, I'll put it nicely, uncomfortable. One of them will DH for most of the season but when your 3rd best hitter is your catcher, you'd like to give him some time there as well. In the end I think Judge is the guy who moves. Even though it was his spot first he is a team guy who at one time in his young days plays center field, I think he can handle left. On an every day basis Brett Gardner will handle left while Aaron Hicks will play center. Every offseason there is talks the yanks will trade Gardner and every year they don't and he comes in and plays well. Getting on base at .350 clip last year and hitting 21 homers while leading off is just the cherry on top of the most dangerous lineup in the league. Hicks in the other hand is a bit of a question mark. Another guy who was a highly ranked prospect that hasn't panned out. He showed flashes last year with the bat hitting 15 homers in his 88 games but his defense is why he'll be on the field.
Probably the biggest question mark in the team is the starting pitching. Luis Severino showed his ace potential last year winning 14 games and finishing 3rd in AL Cy Young voting. He'll have to continue that as he will be asked to lead the staff. Masahiro Tanaka is slotted to pitch game 2 but is an head scratcher. He had a rough 2017 but showed his ace stuff in the playoffs. The yanks will need a bounce back year from their former ace. Sonny Gray was once a rising star in the game and then it all fell apart. The top of the rotation stuff is still there and if he puts it together, he'll be a force to be reckoned with. I love CC. I really do. This just goes out there with everything he has for a long as he can and competes. He's no longer the ace was but as a 4th starter he's perfect. Jordan Montgomery will round out the rotation as he 5th Guy. His job will just be to provide some innings and not be terrible. He'll be ok.
This is 90+ win roster easily with basically any manager at the helm, but that still doesn't mean having a manager who's never coached before this season isn't an interesting story line. I think it was a mistake to get rid of Joe Girardi, he has do a very good job dealing with the retooling the team went through as well as handling the end of against super stars careers with class. Aaron Boone is in charge no though and it will be on him if this team doesn't compete. They handed a 19 the keys to a race car, he might be a natural or he might crash into a wall going 150. That remains to be seen but if he can just keep the car on the road so to speak, there is some October baseball in the future for Yankee fans.
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On behalf of Eley Law Firm posted in Crush Injuries on Wednesday, January 22, 2014.
Imagine not being able to get up and down stairs like you used to. Imagine having to rely on other people to go to the grocery store. Imagine being unable to support yourself financially because you are unable to work.
For workers, a crush injury may not seem serious at first but could eventually lead to the loss of an arm or leg. For one man, amputation was the only solution when his injured foot never healed after a work accident. He had been lifting a steel beam when part of it fell on his foot. Over time, his foot injury only got worse and eventually he made the difficult decision to have his foot amputated.
In this situation, there isn't just one surgery that the worker had to go through. In addition to the amputation surgery, he needed surgery to help with some back issues and leg issues that developed as a result of his foot injury. For anyone who has undergone multiple operations, the medical expenses can add up quickly.
But for this man, workers' compensation has helped him cover many of those expenses. Without it, any injured worker could become overwhelmed with the number of medical bills combined with the loss of wages. But workers' compensation benefits can help ensure that the worker gets the medical attention he or she needs.
One thing is for sure, a life will never be the same after a serious work accident, especially when it results in amputation. But with help, the injury does not need to take over that worker's life.
Source: Toledo Free Press, "Hope for a new year: Shawn Levi, a local amputee, says he wants 'A new life. A new start. A new outlook.'," Brandi Barhite, Jan. 9, 2014.


text:
Robert Klara
Journalist • Historian • Author
The Hidden White House: Harry
Truman and the Reconstruction of America's Most
Famous Residence
(Thomas Dunne Books; Release date October 22, 2013)
From the day that Harry S. Truman moved his family into the White House in the summer of 1945, he swore the place was haunted. The sound of footsteps echoed down empty corridors, pictures mysteriously fell from the walls, and eerie knocks on the doors at night yielded nobody on the other side. But when the Blue Room's six-foot-tall crystal chandelier nearly tore loose from the ceiling, nearly decapitating Bess Truman's tea guests, the horrified First Lady demanded that her husband have the 156 year-old mansion inspected.
So begins a story that would soon evolve into the most ambitious, technically complex, and yet strangely forgotten building projects in American history: The demolition and reconstruction of the White House. As a handpicked team of the country's best engineers and architects kept the mansion's outer stone walls propped up and standing, a army of construction workers gutted the home to every president since John Adams, replacing it with a skeleton of steel and concrete.
The work was as drastic as it was unavoidable: A lack of internal-wall foundations, decades of neglect, and the dangerous overweighting of the old wooden floors had left the mansion so close to collapse that, in the words of one architect, for years the White House stood "from force of habit only."
Robert Klara Dot Com


In just two and half years, the Rehoboth-based Revelation Craft Brewing Company has quickly grown beyond its current capacity and with the recent closing of longtime Delaware brewery, 16 Mile, the opportunity arrived to stage Revelation for the future, Brewbound reported on December 17.
"The response to our beers here at the beach and beyond has blown us away and the growth has surpassed all expectations. We are proud of the experience and variety we offer. In order to continue to deliver on the high standards we have set and reach our goals, we need the right type of capacity. This opportunity in Georgetown is absolutely the right place for the right time," said President and Brewmaster for Revelation, Patrick Staggs.
Delaware has a booming craft beer scene and while some see the market as getting crowded, Patrick says the opportunity for local growth is tremendous. The growth potential is visible in the uniquely high percentage of repeat guests as well as the number of restaurants and bars in the area now carrying Revelation on tap. The brewery's location in Rehoboth is located right on the Junction and Breakwater Trail and has quickly become a well-known oasis for local cyclists.
Comox residents finally have a brewery of their own.
Land & Sea Brewing Company has opened its doors as the newest addition to the Comox Valley's growing craft beer scene, the Comox Valley Record reported on December 16.
Jason Walker, Land & Sea's founder and managing director, noticed a need for more casual dining spots in Comox and decided to do something about it. He brought his love of craft beer together with his background in market research and customer experience to create the Town's newest hang out spot.
To begin with, the brewery will offer five different styles of beer courtesy of head brewer, Tessa Gabiniewicz. While some of the styles of beer can be found at other local breweries, some are unique to Land & Sea. So what beers do they have on tap? Well, you'll just have to come in and find out, says Walker.
A "grain to glass" microbrewery and tasting room is proposed for downtown Pleasantville, The Journal News reported on December 14.
Soul Brewing, planned by village resident Allen Wallace, would go into a 2,000-square-foot space at 41 Wheeler Ave., which formerly housed a flower shop.
Wallace, who has brewed beer for more than 20 years, said it would be a cozy space inspired by what he and his wife saw during travels in Belgium and elsewhere in Europe.
"What we saw when were there was every town had its baker, its butcher and its brewer, and we really sort of liked that model," Wallace said. "So the idea is to essentially do the same thing in Pleasantville — create a brewery that's modeled more on that rather than being a production-type brewery. The idea is to serve the local surrounding area."
Wallace said he would like to open by Memorial Day. Hours and other details are still to be determined.
The brewery/tasting room has received Zoning Board of Appeals approval and is now before the village Planning Commission. It will also depend on things such as getting a liquor license.
The art of local beer making has arrived in the Gilbertville village, MassLive.com reported on December 17.
Lost Towns Brewing opened its doors for the first time on Sunday, December 16 to the delight of a roomful of patrons who were the first to purchase and taste the brand.
The business, located at 483 Main St., the former Czabaj's market, was named after the four Massachusetts towns - Dana, Prescott, Greenwich and Enfield - that were dissolved in the 1930s to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir public works project.
Currently, a half-dozen beers are on sale: Prescott Porter, Czabaj IPA, Kitchen Sink Pale Ale, Farm Dog Pale Ale, LTB EXP #1 American IPA and Winsor Dam Wheat.
"Our hope for the brewery is to create a community space for those who love what we love, and we are committed to sourcing as many local ingredients as possible while keeping it in within our local economy," Lost Towns states on its website.


text:
Category Archives: West Indian history
'The Colthurst Journal' by John Bowen Colthurst
John Bowen Colthurst (1779-1848) was appointed to Barbados as a Special Magistrate in 1835, and this is his diary, annotated by W.K. Marshall, Professor of History at the University of the West Indies.
After the abolition of slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834, the British government instituted a period of 'apprenticeship' when ex-slaves continued to work on their former masters' plantations for 45 hours a week, in exchange for food, clothing and housing. They were no longer owned by their master, and he no longer had the power to punish them. Instead, Special Magistrates were appointed to hear complaints about the apprentices from their masters and vice versa. Much of the time he mediated between them, but he alone had the power to order punishment. It was intended originally that field (or praedial) slaves would be bound to work for six years as apprentices, while domestic (or non-praedial) slaves would be bound for four, on account of the longer working hours they undertook in the house. However, the Apprenticeship system was abandoned in 1838, largely because of the unworkability of having some Apprentices freed and others not, and because public agitation in England was ramping up again against continued involvement in slavery or its other manifestations.
John Bowen Colthurst was of a good Anglo-Irish family, with strong network connections. He had had a military career during the Napoleonic Wars (although he didn't see active service) and had withdrawn on half-pay after the war to his farm in Ireland. The farm, however, had accrued many debts and so, like many others, he began petitioning the Colonial Office for a position, drawing on the strings of patronage at his disposal. He had been a JP in Ireland for many years and it was this combination of legal administrative experience and his military training that led to his appointment as a Special Magistrate in Barbados, and later St Vincent. In this regard he was unusual: many Special Magistrates had the military background but very few had acted as magistrates before. His family did not accompany him, and his wife and daughter stayed with her cousin. Despite his attempts to retrieve the financial situation for his family, they lost the farm soon after his return to Ireland.
Colthurst proclaimed himself to be an abolitionist, but he was able to reconcile this philosophy with his role as one of the functionaries of the Apprenticeship system. He seems to have seen the Apprenticeship as a temporary measure that needed to work as a preparation for freedom on both sides- both planter and apprentice- and believed that it would stand as a good example for other nations contemplating the abolition of slavery. He was certainly critical of many of the plantation managers and their treatment of Apprentices, although this seemed to stem largely from his dislike of 'low-bred' creoles (ie. Europeans born in the West Indies). Nonetheless, he continued to argue that a period of adjustment was beneficial and indeed necessary to induce plantation-owners to relinquish their slave property.
In 1837, agitation against the Apprenticeship system was ramping up in England, and the radical abolitionist Joseph Sturge released a critique of the Apprenticeship system, which received a great deal of publicity amongst abolitionsts in London. Over in the West Indies, Colthurst found himself springing to the defence of Special Magistrates and their role, and decrying Sturge's information-gathering techniques and one-sided report.
Colthurst was probably one of the better Special Magistrates. He was well-informed about agriculture and police administration, and took an interest in the religious and educational provision of the apprentices. He was careful not to become too embroiled socially with the planters, preferring to maintain his contacts with the governors instead. Of course, this shapes his narrative as well.
On his return to Britain, he realized that there was a market for literature about the West Indies – for example, Mrs Carmichael's work that I reviewed here and the eyewitness reports submitted home by abolitionists and planters as part of the public discourse about abolition. Through (and despite?) his involvement in the Apprenticeship system at the time, he became increasingly involved in abolition movements on his return, most particularly those agitating against the continuation of American slavery. He rewrote his memoirs into the form they are found in this book, in five separate volumes and forwarded them to leading abolitionists in the hope that they might be published. They were, but not as a stand-alone publication, being extracted for newspaper publication instead. Only four of these volumes exist today in the Boston Public Library, and the fifth volume has been reconstructed by the editor from columns that were republished in abolition newspapers.
Marshall's introductory chapters to the journal are informative, and his annotations throughout the book are useful and insightful, providing information that Colthurst could not have known at the time, and challenging some of Colthurst's observations. Colthurst's writing is of its time, but he certainly provides a wealth of information about the role of the special magistrate in a short-lived experiment of policy.
Posted in Book reviews, British Guiana, Colonial biography, Slavery, West Indian history
'Emancipation and Apprenticeship in the British West Indies' by W. L. Burn
If you had placed this book into a shiny new coloured cover, I would never have picked it for being written in 1937. It has all the things that I look for in histories that are being written around me today: exploration of big themes through grounded, personalized examples; a sense of place; careful attention to detail through the sources; an attempt to step up out of those same sources into a more literary style; decisiveness in coming to a pithy conclusion, and a judicious use of the presence of the historian him/herself as researcher and commentator.
It's also a book that attracts my interest as a politically engaged citizen concerned about what a former Prime Minister described as "the greatest moral challenge" of our time- climate change. In reading about the abolition of slavery I've been again and again reminded of the parallels between the two. Both climate change and the abolition of slavery involve/d self-inflicted economic pain for a higher long-term purpose; both involve/d well-organized pressure groups with powerful media access; both provoke/d fears that international competitiveness would be hampered; both campaigns stretch/ed out over decades. It may well be that climate change policy, like abolition, may have to accept a compromised 'solution' in the short-term as part of a bigger, long-term picture- although of course, in climate change the earth and the systems of its climate will follow their own trajectory, whatever the politics. In the case of the abolition of slavery, the compromise was the Apprenticeship System. Continue reading →
Posted in Book reviews, Slavery, West Indian history
'The Long Song' by Andrea Levy
After reading the very dissatisfying, Booker Prize winning The Finkler Question, I mused that if that won the prize, then the rest of the 2010 Shortlist must have been duds. Not so. Andrea Levy's The Long Song is much the better book, and unlike Finkler, which I am sure will sink into literary oblivion, it's an important book as well.
Levy's earlier book Small Island, which won the Commonwealth Writers Prize and Orange Prize in 2004-5 is an important book too, in terms of framing and claiming British West Indian identity in modern Britain. The Long Song follows in this tradition, but takes a step further back to early 19th century Apprentice-Era Jamaica. For us, in our policy-comprised times, it's an interesting era: the Apprenticeship scheme was a political 'fix' that ostensibly abolished slavery in British colonies by introducing 'slavery-lite'. The Apprenticeship System, as it was known, transformed former slaves into compulsory 'apprentices' who would work set hours on their former masters' plantations for six years (although as it happened, the apprenticeship period ended earlier than that). It was a highly unpopular measure, strong-armed into legislation by the British government using the stick of executive action if the colonies didn't create their own enabling legislation locally , and the carrot of 'compensation' payments that flowed, not to the slaves, but to the proprietors of the plantations. But it did very little to change the basic relations between masters who were able to leverage power through rents and working hours, and their 'apprentices' whose 'freedom' consisted of merely a quarter of their own time.
Levy uses an interesting structure for this book. The fly-leaf opens with an explanation:
You do not know me yet but I am the narrator of this work. My son Thomas, who is printing this book, tells me it is customary at this place in a novel to give the reader a little taste of the story that is held within these pages. As your storyteller, I am to convey that this tale is set in Jamaica during the last turbulent years of slavery and the early years of freedom that followed.
The narrator, July, was born in Jamaica, the daughter of a field slave Kitty as the result of a rape by an overseer. July was taken from her mother by Caroline Mortimer, a white woman from the 'big house' on the plantation and renamed 'Marguerite'. The pattern of forced sex and maternal loss continued into the next generation. July's son, Thomas, learned his trade in Britain after July left him as an infant on the minister's doorstep. That same Thomas, Jamaican publisher-editor in 1898, then writes his own foreword:
The book you are now holding within your hand was born of a craving. My mama had a story- a story that lay so far within her breast that she felt impelled, by some force which was mightier than her own will, to relay this tale to me, her son. Her intention was that, once knowing the tales, I would then, at some other date, convey its narrative to my own daughters. And so it would go on….
I explained to my dear mama, once spoken these precious words of hers would be lost to all but my ears. If, though, committed to a very thin volume, I could peruse her tale at my leisure and no word would be lost when my fickle mind strayed to some other purpose. And better, for the excess books which would be produced from the press could be given for sale, taken around the island so others, far and wide, might delight in her careful narration…
…So I was able to assure my precious mama that I would be her most conscientious editor. I would raise life out of her most crabbed script to make her tale flow like some of the finest writing in the English language. And there was no shame to be felt from this assistance, for at some of the best publishing houses in Britain- let me cite Thomas Nelson and Son, or Hodder and Stoughton, as my example- the gentle aiding and abetting of authors in this manner is quite common place.
And so the book is the gentle, good natured to-and-fro of mother and son, jointly constructing the story: the mother July with her humour and resilience; the editor son with his careful, somewhat stilted prose. I loved it when July's voice took up the story again, as if a nudge to remind me that it is her story after all. And all the pomposity of Thomas' voice would drop away, at times, when the sheer humanity of the story became overwhelming. It's wonderful, well-sustained writing.
The energy and inventiveness of Levy's narrative voice obscures the fact that this deceptively-easy book is actually very well researched indeed. In her acknowledgments she lists the historians and other writers who have assisted her, and a list of 16 sources, both primary and secondary, that she drew upon in writing this book. I've read several of them myself, and when I see their traces here, and the use she has made of them, it only increases my admiration for the fictional power of this book.
Take, for example, this description of the manuring process as part of plantation production, from Burn' s very good history Emancipation and Apprenticeship in the British West Indies:
When the holes had been prepared manure was placed in them and on top of the manure a few shovelfuls of light mould. (p. 42).
And here is Levy:
Some of this mess is taken from the pen to be shovelled into baskets and slung either side of a mule. The mule then, unaware of the load it carries, trots off as happy with this weight as with any other. But the wicker dung-baskets- overflowing and spilling- that Kitty carried to the cane pieces of Dover, Virgo, or even as far as Scarlett Pondes, were borne in the way of most slave-burdens, upon her head. The weight was no sufferance, for Kitty could carry much heavier, much further. Come, it is true, the smell would see our white missus faint clean away with just one sniff. But the Lord, in making the nose, fashioned a shrewd organ; although so renk that upon Kitty's first breaths the solid odour did choke her at the throat, after mighty cough and a few strong inhalations, all the air about Kitty, be it sweet or bitter, came to smell like shit, so the offence was lost… And if this dung did find its way into her eyes- for the brown juice from this waste matter did ooze through the weave of the basket to slipslide all down Kitty's face- then, oh! Its sting did well up such tears as to leave her blind (p. 123).
I think that Levy's book exemplifies all the good in historical fiction: lightly worn research; fidelity to the voice and perspective of primary sources (with all their flaws); characters and dialogue bounded by and consistent with knowledge at the time; a plausible plot, and imagination and creativity in its narrative framing. As for the Booker? Levy was robbed.
Posted in Book reviews, West Indian history
'Domestic manners and social conditions of the white, coloured and negro population of the West Indies' by Mrs. A. C. Carmichael (1833)
2 volumes, 1833 available through the Internet Archive
What a silly sausage I am! Here I was, rejoicing at the cessation of slavery in the West Indies in 1834 but I need not have worried. Why, slaves received a weekly allowance, a home, they were fed, their clothes were washed and mended, they received free medical care and their children need not be a burden to them! They ate well from their own allotments and if they dressed in rags in the fields- well! they had plenty of rich, colourful clothes at home! They looked forward to the sugar harvesting time and the boiling-house, instead of being a satanic hell-hole was instead a scene of great merriment with young and old gathering there, singing songs, telling jokes, sitting down enjoying themselves, roasting and eating yams and plantains. Who wouldn't want to be a slave?
Well, that's the way that Mrs A. C. Carmichael tells it, anyway. This two-volume book was published in 1833, eight years before her Tales of a Grandmother that I reviewed earlier. This is in effect the 'grown-up' version of her later children's book: I find myself wondering at a world where there was a perceived need for a children's pro-slavery tract.
So who was this Mrs Carmichael? According to a very interesting article by Karina Williamson, published in the International Journal of Scottish Literature in 2008 (see here) she was Alison Charles Stewart who migrated to the West Indies with her two young daughters to live on the plantation owned by her husband John Wilson Carmichael, who had been assigned to St Vincent with the 53rd regiment in the 1790s. He had married his first wife in St Vincent and became an absentee proprietor when he returned to England. He was considerably older than Mrs Carmichael, and had two daughters from his first marriage. Mrs Carmichael was married in Edinburgh, where she lived prior to her shift to the West Indies and on her return 'home', she spent the rest of her long life as an expatriate Scot in England or the Channel Islands.
Although the title of the book suggests that it will deal with the white, coloured and negro races of the West Indies, in fact it deals only with St Vincent and Trinidad, with a very heavy preponderance of attention paid to the negro races. However, she says, her observations are "applicable to many, and in a great degree to all the West India colonies" (p. 15) because the "negro character is the same" and
…the circumstances in which the white and black population are relatively placed- their respective occupations; their interests; the climate- are all so similar, that no very marked dissimilarity can exist in the character and conduct of the population of the different islands (p. 15)
Although clearly written for a 'home'-based readership, apparently the book came to be viewed with suspicion in the West Indies itself for its inaccuracies and misrepresentations. Williamson cites an English traveller in the 1840s and 50s who tried to find a copy in the West Indies so that he could read it on the spot, as it were:
Throughout the islands that I have as yet visited, she is denounced continually by some mendacious epithet or other, and even her own relations, both in Trinidad and in St. Vincent, disclaim connection with her, asserting that she was notorious in her own family for habitually not speaking the truth. Whenever I endeavoured to borrow her book, some excuse was made to prevent my seeing it—'It was mislaid,' or 'lost,' or 'destroyed,' and never forthcoming.[…] At last I obtained a loan of it from a nearly white young man, who, however, did not fail to caution me that it was 'full of lies.'[Charles William Day, Five Years' Residence in the West Indies, 2 vols. (London: Colburn and Co., 1852), I, p. 129.]
The book was written with the clear intent to rebut the abolitionist rhetoric about slavery circulating in England, and is best regarded in that light. Hence the heavy emphasis on the ignorance of English commentators, the great progress that had been made in ameliorating the conditions of the slaves, the unreadiness of the slaves for emancipation, and their happiness with conditions as they were. It is very much a book of its time, written for a particular political purpose, and it comes across to a modern reader as a missive from a discombobulating parallel universe.
Additional reference: Karina Williamson 'Mrs Carmichael A Scotswoman in the West Indies' International Journal of Scottish Literature Issue 4, Spring/Summer 2008.
Posted in Book reviews, Lurking in the Internet Archive, Slavery, West Indian history
'Tales of a Grandmother' by Mrs A. C. Carmichael (1841)
It was Christmas Eve, and twelve-year old Maria and her 22 year old brother Frederick Manners were sitting by the blazing fire with their parents and their grandparents who were visiting from Devonshire.
"How I do wish my grandmama would tell me how many Christmases she can recollect- that would be a story worth hearing!"
"Indeed it would," said Frederick… and instantly there was a joint petition uttered "that grandmama would tell them all she could recollect of herself, from the first Christmas she could remember, up to the present one"
Well, give me the Christmas Day Queen's Message and the X-box anyday! Grandmama didn't need much encouragement to launch into this long, didactic exposition of her childhood Christmases, heavily larded with Good Christian Precepts and Useful Knowledge, prompted by earnest questions about plants, climate and geography raised by these smarmy children. I had quite an urge to tip Grandmama and her rocking chair into the blazing fire and toss in her snotty grandchildren after her.
In spite of this, however, it was a rather engaging way to read of nineteenth-century West Indian life, which was of course the reason for me reading the book in the first place. Young Grandmama spent about nine years in St Vincent in the West Indies on a plantation, before returning to England impoverished as the result of the perfidy of their white plantation-owning West Indian neighbours. The book is imbued with a strong pro-slavery flavour: she refers to 'our negroes' as a cheerful, singing lot, reserving the s-(lave) word only for the avaricious plantation managers who took advantage of their financial misfortune to break up the happy menage. Grandmama is severely critical of the irresponsible Harris family on the neighbouring plantation, who allowed their daughters to run wild with the expectation of sending them back to England to polish them off for marriage, and whose double-dealing placed Grandmama and her family at the mercy of merchants and their attorneys back 'home'. The book fleshed out for me the social life of the white plantation elite and the financial arrangements between the metropolitan merchants and the colonial plantation owners. Despite the clunkiness and smarmyness of the children's questions ("What's a calibash, Grandmama?") I learned probably more than I wanted to about West Indian plant life and geography, and in a relatively painless fashion.
This book lurks in the depths of the Internet Archive and is available here should you crave some worthy, educational mid-Victorian story-telling from Grandmama.
Posted in Lurking in the Internet Archive, West Indian history
'The West Indies and the Development of Colonial Government 1801-1834' by D. J. Murray
Colonial government comprises particular institutions; it also comprises the relationships between the parts (p.xi)
Many books on colonial constitutional history focus on the structures of government- The Colonial Office, the Governor, the Executive and Legislative Councils and Legislative Assemblies (if they existed) but instead of looking at them from a centralized organizational viewpoint, this book looks at these institutions in terms of the relationships between them. By addressing the period around the Napoleonic Wars and ending with the abolition of slavery, the empire he describes was expanded by the incorporation of 'foreign' colonies previously owned by French, Spanish and Dutch governments which had their own practices and structures of government. This put the 'British' empire into an interesting position. Although there was an influx of British plantation-owners into these newly-acquired colonies, it suited the local colonists' purposes that the locus of control should rest in the colony itself rather than in Whitehall, and the old 'foreign' system of government was better placed to provide this. At the same time, following the loss of the American colonies, the British Government steadfastly asserted its right to impose policy (although not taxation) from the centre while repeatedly demonstrating its unwillingness to actually exercise it. This book explores the nuances of this delicate dance of colonial diplomacy which made good use of the hiatus in communications forced by distance to ensure that, as far as the government of the sugar colonies was concerned, 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it'. Hence, the British government would pass legislation that required matching colonial legislation in order to come into operation: the colonies would stonewall: the British government would wait, and give another chance for the colonial power-groups to 'do the right thing'- and round and round it would go, with both sides benefitting from this mutual squeamishness about really pushing the issue.
However, the rise of the anti-slavery lobby in Britain in the late 18th- early 19th century disrupted this coy and mutually-beneficial relationship. There had only been slow progress on the 'amelioration' of slavery by actions on the ground in the colonies. From about 1810-1830 there had been a lapse of attention on the question of slavery prompted by a change of personnel in the anti-slavery ranks and the distracting influence of other events like economic depression, the Test and Corporation Act and Catholic Emancipation. But by the 1830s attention turned again to West Indian slavery, and by this time the Colonial Office itself had transformed itself, largely through the influence of James Stephen, into a more professional and methodical organization. However, by this time there were two conflicting opinions at play: first, the belief that colonies should be governed under a representative system; and second and conversely, that representative government could not be granted to post-emancipation societies because colonial elites would ensure that power remained in their own hands.
Although the book is focussed on the West Indies, its canvas is actually much broader than this, and extends to the 19th century British Empire more generally. It examines carefully the structural changes in the Colonial Office in terms of its place within the British government and the roles of parliamentarians and civil servants as individuals with their own skills and political imperatives. It explores the co-existence of James Stephens' more liberal emphasis on bureaucracy and methods, with his colleague Sir Henry Taylor's more authoritarian and interventionist approach that led to the imposition of Crown Colony government into all the West India colonies excluding Barbados over the next fifty years . It concludes that during the mid 1830s, despite impressions to the contrary, the British government relinquished the initiative in colonial government, becoming merely reactive to the decisions made in the colonies by colonial officials and colonists about how government was to be conducted.
As a result, while the system of executing business in the Colonial Office assumed that one form of government should exist in the colonies, the government which was eventually introduced was founded on the contrary principle and assumed that constructive government would be promoted- if at all- from the Colonial Government. In colonial government as it related to the West India colonies, the Colonial Office and the institutions in the colonies were each to be organized on the assumption that the initiative in colonial government would stem from the other (p.232)
Posted in British Guiana, Slavery, West Indian history
'British West Indian Slavery 1750-1834' by J. R. Ward
Posted on July 2, 2012 | 1 comment
1988, 279 p & notes
I have sometimes heard parallels drawn between action on climate change today and the abolition of slavery in the early 19th century. There is a limit to how far one can push the analogy because the physical science of climate change has its own inexorable reality, unlike a human-created social and political system like slavery. But both climate change and abolition policy face/d common challenges: the perceived threat to the whole economic structure of the day, the Parliamentary influence of lobby groups and reference to moral underpinnings that are/were derided by opponents more concerned about the economic impact. They also have/had in common the argument that accepted that change had to occur up to a point, but that improvement could improve gradually and willingly as long as it is not forced by government or external bodies.
This was the argument mounted by British West Indian plantation owners, both in the West Indies and through their Parliamentary lobby groups in the UK. The initial prohibition of slave-trading was hoped to improve conditions for slaves because if slave numbers could no longer be replenished by a seemingly never-ending supply from Africa, then slave owners would need to look after the slaves they already had more carefully. New regulations introduced during the 1820s were intended to increase the oversight of plantation conditions and to reduce the most egregious examples of cruelty and mistreatment. Just leave us alone, the planters said, and we will make improvements ourselves.
Slavery might be disagreeable, but its character was steadily improving and would continue to do so if the colonies were spared outside interference. Eventually the institution would melt away, just as it had done in England (p. 2)
This book examines the planters' argument that "amelioration" of slave conditions pre-empted the need for outright abolition. The author draws on the plantation records of a number of different British slave-owning families, many of whom were absentee owners whose plantations were managed by overseers who needed to report 'home'. By drawing on a wide range of records, he is able to trace changes over time from the seventeenth through to nineteenth centuries, and across different slave colonies. In particular, he distinguishes between the "old" sugar colonies where the soil was often depleted and profits were falling, and the newer colonies like British Guiana which were able to benefit from technological developments and a different geography.
This is a strongly economic book, replete with statistics and tables, generating a "balance sheet" on the effect of amelioration, and later abolition. As a more socially- and culturally- attuned historian, I found such an abstract treatment of human beings rather distressing and compromising: as if I was almost complicit in a balance-sheet approach. I was more attracted to the moments when the human experience broke through- like, for example, the observation that in the 1780s two-and three-year olds were sent out into the fields alone to gather grass, but that increasingly the children were brought to the house for their lunchtime meal so that their health could be observed and to foster feelings of gratitude and respect. Or, for example, the observation that horsebeans as a source of food gradually reduced during the 18th century, which was a thoroughly good thing. They required a great deal of boiling, and often slaves lacked the time, energy or even sufficient water to do this properly, and so ate them raw. "Like a negro's T— that ate horse-beans" was a simile that came naturally to a planter when discussing some poorly made sugar (p.21). But example and anecdote, for all the richness they provide, can only take you so far. In the end, just as with climate change debate, you need hard data rather than emotion.
And so, looking at the hard-data, shorn of the babies in the fields and the horse-beans, did amelioration work? Yes, to a point, Ward argues. The measured output per head of the population grew as rapidly on the sugar estates as it did among industrial workers in Britain, but not markedly more. This growth in productive efficiency was accompanied by a marked improvement in the slaves' material state, which in many ways was no worse than that of industrial labourers in British cities. However, although death rates among slaves declined, there was not a corresponding rise in the birth rate until the abolition of slavery and the shift away from the plantation sugar economy.
So why did this improvement not come to the notice of the abolitionists in England?
First, it was largely an invisible improvement, gained by degrees and without the shiny, visibly new products of the industrial revolution in Britain. Second, although there was demographic evidence that pointed to the effectiveness of amelioration, this same evidence could just as easily embarrass the slaveholders because it highlighted that it was sugar production, in and of itself, that prompted the low birth rate. Third, planters could hardly crow about the improvements in their profitability brought about by amelioration when they were at the same time agitating for a reduction in their tax burden as the price of sugar fell. Finally, the preponderance of lobbyists for Jamaican plantation owners was not a good look, as Jamaica had a particularly negative death:birth ratio and was a declining sugar industry in any event.
Ward suggests that the abolition of slavery in British colonies was a strong, landmark decision with which to inaugurate the new Parliament, elected under the new conditions of the Reform Bill.
So far as working planters were concerned, amelioration provided a means to reinforce slavery, by making it function more efficiently. For humanitarians in the mother country, however, amelioration was a step towards a higher social state, undermining basic principles of racial authority and subordination…The nineteenth-century slave, however well maintained and lightly worked by earlier standards, was still a slave, liable to arbitrary punishment, likely to be denied Christian instruction and marriage. Faced with such abuses, a moral cause could not be satisfied for long merely by further adjustments to the details of plantation life. (p. 276)
Posted in Book reviews, British Guiana, Slavery, West Indian history


Operation Brewery is back! If you missed last season, we focused on how we were going about building our brewery.This season, "Road to the AIBA's", will document our journey to improve the beer we make and work towards the big night for beer in Australia, the AIBA's in May. In this episode we chat with Hendo about how the AIBA's run.
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New London — Department of Public Works employees violated the city's purchasing ordinance several times during the renovation of the city's animal shelter by not obtaining the requisite three quotes for work of more than $3,000 and by asking contractors to split work into multiple invoices to avoid complying with purchasing regulations, an investigation by the city's attorney revealed.
Though the city's regulations for awarding contracts and making purchases were violated, Law Director Jeffrey T. Londregan said that there did not appear to be criminal activity.
In January, after city councilors suggested the state attorney general should look into the project, Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio ordered Londregan to look into the project's expenditures. The city spent more than $160,000 to rebuild the animal shelter after a tree fell through it during Superstorm Sandy in 2012.
Finizio presented Londregan's report to the City Council at its meeting Monday night.
Londregan found that some supplies and contracted work cost more than $3,000 but the Department of Public Works did not first get three estimates, as required by city ordinance. He also concluded that — at the request of city employees — contractors split their billing into multiple invoices so none would exceed the $3,000 limit.
"While some of these violations may appear to have been innocent enough to some, or done with good intentions of getting the job completed as soon as possible, they are still violations," Londregan wrote. "While the intention for these scopes of services might not have been to intentionally violate the purchasing ordinance, there was a reckless disregard for the proper procedure and process."
As to whether the actions cost the city money, he wrote, "After completing my investigation, it is not known whether the city overpaid for some portions of this job as a result of the violations; nor is it known whether any of the activities by city employees resulted in any criminal violations."
Londregan said that, in his opinion, the evidence indicates that no criminal activity occurred, but the State's Attorney's office would be better suited to make that determination.
Finizio said a member of the public works union was given an oral warning and a member of the municipal employees union was issued a written admonition for their involvement in the purchase order violations.
Councilor Martin T. Olsen, who supported asking the state to conduct an independent review of the project in January, said Londregan's report left many questions unanswered.
"No new ground was broken. We knew the purchasing ordinance was abused, the question is why," he said. "Where is the oversight? Where is the administration? How can mid-level managers spend this kind of money without a supervisor approving it?"
Olsen, who chairs the council's Public Works Committee, said he intends to request that the City Council accept Londregan's report for the record and refer it to his committee so the issue can get a full and public airing.
Splitting invoices to keep them under $3,000 is something that the Public Works Department has been doing for some time, Finizio said.
"It appears that the pattern of breaking up contracts for bid is something that goes back many, many years in this department," he said in presenting the report to the City Council. "And that the purchasing ordinance … has been violated numerous times over the last 10 years."
After reviewing Londregan's investigation, the mayor issued an executive order instructing all city departments to make any necessary changes in procedures so that all purchases comply with the city's ordinances.
In his report, Londregan also suggested that the city's purchasing ordinance is out of date and in need of revision. Finizio said Monday the council could expect a new ordinance will be presented to them soon.
Finizio also announced Monday that the animal shelter has passed all necessary inspections and has re-opened. Animals have not returned to the shelter, but that could happen any day.
"I'm grateful that not only is our facility reopened, but now our facility is expanded, is fully up to code and is able to take these animals back," Finizio said. "Hopefully all of us can celebrate that fact amidst all the rest of this and see to it that we continue our community efforts to get these animals adopted."


Alkaloids constitute a class of essential, nitrogen-containing plant products that have compound structures and possess significant pharmacological properties. The term alkaloid, meaning 'alkali-like,' was 1st proposed via the pharmacist W. Meissner in the early nineteenth century before anything was recognized about the chemical structures of the compounds.
The term alkaloid has been utilized to designate the compounds of plant origin having one or more basic nitrogen atoms in heterocyclic ring systems that induce pronounced physiological activity in animals and man.
The above definition of the alkaloids is via no means perfect and doesn't cover all compounds classed as alkaloids for reasons these as; piperine, the alkaloid of pepper, isn't essential and has practically no physiological activity and ephedrine is a straight-chain alkaloid that is generated via animal glands and has marked physiological activity.
(a) They are originated in plants, although a few are of animal origin.
(b) They are essential in nature and show marked physiological activity.
(c) They have heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen as a part of their structures.
Alkaloids take place essentially in plants of the dicotyledons families and are localised in seeds, leaves, bark or root of the plant. Each site might enclose closely related alkaloids. They happen mainly as salts of general plant acids as acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or of assured special organic acids.
According to their source: Several are named according to the family in that they are found, for instance papavarine from papaveraceae family, punarnavin, ephedrin.
According to their physiological response: Others attained their names from their physiological response; for instance morphine means God of dreams; emetine means to vomit.
According to their finding: The pelletierine group has been named after its discoverer, P.J. Pelletier.
The extraction of alkaloids is based upon their essential quality and solubility pattern. The normal procedures followed are to treat moistened drug through alkali so as to set free the base as it exists in salt form and then to divide the free base by organic solvent. Although the processes of extraction fluctuate, the subsequent universal process is applied for small scale extraction of alkaloids. For extraction of alkaloids, the plant substance is macerated. If the substance is rich in fat 1st it is defatted through ligroin or petroleum ether, particularly in case of seed and leaf forms of drugs. Before applying this treatment the alkaloid should be tested for its solubility in petroleum ether. Or else, the drug should be pretreated through acid so as to convert alkaloids into the salts. This occurs in case of extraction of ergotamine from ergot.
In the 2nd stage the drugs might be extracted through polar solvents as water, ethanol, methanol, aqueous alcohol mixture or by acidified aqueous solution and the cellulose substance divided via filtration. By this treatment, alkaloid salts are transferred to polar solvent. It as well assists in removing pigments, sugar and other organic constituents in the subsequent stage. The filtrate is evaporated to thick syrup to give the crude plant extract. This is then dissolved in dilute acid and is subjected to separating between aqueous acid solution and an organic solvent these as ether. After continuous extraction through organic solvent for several times the aqueous phase is made alkaline by either sodium carbonate or ammonia and extracted by ether. Evaporation of ether solution provides a solid mixture of crude alkaloids. It is then subjected to fractional crystallisation for division into individual pure alkaloids. In modern practice, the isolation is resulted via column chromatography, gas chromatography and via counter current distribution. The common scheme for extraction of alkaloids is demonstrated in Fig.
Through few exemptions, all the alkaloids are colourless, crystalline solids by sharp melting points or decomposition range. Several alkaloids are amorphous gum, while others these as coniine, spartine and nicotine are liquid and volatile in nature. Several alkaloids are coloured in nature, for instance betanidin is red, berberine is yellow and its salts are copper-red in colour.
In common, the free bases of alkaloids are soluble in organic, non-polar solvents. The salts of most alkaloids are soluble in water. In contrast, free bases are insoluble in water and their salts are as well sparingly soluble in organic solvents. The alkaloids enclosing quaternary bases are only water soluble. Several of the pseudoalkalods and protoalkaloids show higher solubility in water. For instances, colchicine is soluble in alkaline water, acid and water and caffeine (free base) is freely soluble in water. Quinine hydrochloride is highly soluble in water; for example one part of quinine hydrochloride is soluble in less than one part of water, while only one part of quinine sulphate is soluble in 1000 parts of water. The solubility of alkaloids and their salts is helpful in pharmaceutical industry for the removal and formulation of final pharmaceutical products.
Most of the alkaloids are basic in reaction, due to availability of lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen in the heterocyclic ring. The basic character of alkaloids is enhanced if the attached functional groups are electron releasing. The alkaloid turns to be neutral or acidic when the attached functional groups are electron withdrawing like amide group which reduces availability of lone pair of electrons. Free alkaloids exhibit basic characters and are very much prone to decomposition and this causes a problem during their storage. Their salt formation through inorganic acid prevents many a time their decomposition. The alkaloids may contain one or more number of nitrogen and it might exist in the form of primary (R-NH2), for example mescaline, secondary amine (R2-NH), for example ephedrine; tertiary amine (R3-N), for example atropine; and quaternary amine (R4N+X-), for example tubocurarine chloride. In the last kind, their properties fluctuate from other alkaloids, owing to quaternary nature of nitrogen. Alkaloids exist in nature either in free form, as amine or as salt through acid or alkaloids N-oxides.
Test by Dragendorff reagent (potassium-bismuth-iodide solution): Alkaloids provide reddish-brown precipitate through this reagent.
Test by Mayer reagent (potassium-mercuric-iodide solution): Alkaloids provides cream colour precipitate with this reagent.
Test by Wagner reagent (iodine-potassium-iodide solution): Alkaloids provide Brown colour precipitate with this reagent.
Test by Hager reagent (saturated solution of picric acid): alkaloids give yellow colour precipitate by this reagent.
Test by Tannic acid: Alkaloids provides buff colour precipitate with this acid.
Test by Picrolonic acid: Alkaloids provide yellow colour precipitate with this acid.
Alkaloids are so various and engage these varieties of molecular structure that their rational categorization is hard. Though, the best approach to the problem is to group them into families, depending on the kind of heterocyclic ring system present in the molecule. Extremely frequently, a number of alkaloids having similar structure are originated in the equivalent plant and as well demonstrate resemblance in the properties. Alkaloids are as well named as a group after the name of the plant from that they are isolated. For historical reasons as well since of their structural complexities, the nomenclature of alkaloids has not been systematized. The names of individual members are, therefore, generally derived from the name of the plant in which they occur, or from their characteristic physiological activity.
In the subsequent treatment we will discuss the above classes taking instances of the familiar members. In most of such cases we will as well give concisely the structure, the source and the characteristic physiological activity.
They contain the pyrrolidine (tetrahydropyrrole) ring system, e.g. Hygrine and Cuscohygrine.
They have piperidine (hexahydropyridine) as the heterocyclic structural unit, e.g., Coniine, Isopelletierine, Lobeline and Piperine. Coniine occurs in the oil of hemlock and is poison to humans. Isopelletierine is isolated from bark of pomegranate tree. Lobeline, obtained from the seeds of Indian tobacco is used in medicine as a respiratory stimulant and as a tobacco substitute.
The heterocyclic ring system present in these alkaloids is pyrrolidine-pyridine. Examples are nicotine or mysomine. Nicotine is isolated from tobacco leaf. It is extremely toxic which in awfully small doses reasons respiratory stimulation and in huge doses causes respiratory failure and death. Mysomine as well happens in tobacco, and the aroma of tobacco smoke is due to it.
This family of alkaloids contains a pyridine ring system connected to a piperidine ring system. The simplest member is Anabasine, the chief alkaloid isolated from the poisonous Asiatic plant, Anabasis aphyllan. Another alkaloid of this class is Anatabine.
Such have the basic heterocyclic ring system quinoline; for instance, quinine and primaquinine. Qiunine happens in the bark of cinchona tree. It has been utilized for centuries for treatment of malaria. Synthetic drugs these as primaquinine have mainly swapped quinine as an anti-malarial. A recently isolated alkaloid of this group is camphtotecin establish in Chinese tree Camphotheca acuminata Nyssaceae. This is recognized to possess anti-leukemic and anti-tumor activities in animals.
They enclose the heterocyclic ring system isoquinoline; for example papverine, narceine, emetine, cephaline and morphine. Papaverine is isolated from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy. It discovers employs as medicine in the treatment of spasm of the stomach or intestines. Morphine is isolated from opium. It is employed in medicine as hypnotic (sleep producing) and analgesic (pain relieving). Unfortunately, prolonged intake of morphine leads to addiction and therefore, its employ is sharply restricted.
Alkaloids depend upon the indole skeleton are widely allocated in nature. The physiological action of such substances might rest in the fact that derivatives of indole play significant roles in the chemistry of the brain. Lysergic acid, isolated from Claviceps purpurea, is the best recognized alkaloid of this class. In small regulated amounts, it is utilized in the treatment of migraine headaches as well for the induction of uterine contraction in child birth. Another indole alkaloid is strychnine that is isolated from the seed of Strychnos nuxvomica. It is tremendously poisonous and is utilized for exterminating vermin. Others comprise yohimbine, aspidospermine, vinblastine and vincristine.


text:
/ Find a local Support Group / Hertfordshire
Chiltern Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS Support Group
Contact: Teresa Williams, coordinator.
Website: https://microtherapyclinic.com/chiltern-fibromyalgia-chronic-fatigue-group/
Telephone: 0844 887 2464 or 01582 873 297
Email: S.BucksFM@gmail.com
Covering the areas of Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire. From Tring, Hemel Hempstead, Uxbridge, Slough and High Wycombe.
The group aims to support people with fibromyalgia and CFS/ME and their family's and friend's. We try to run a positive group to share our ideas and concerns on how to cope with the syndromes. We try and keep up-to-date with the latest and tested treatments, so we don't waste our money on inappropriate treatments. We know it is not easy living with constant pain and fatigue, especially as we often don't look unwell and family, friends and doctors sometimes have very little sympathy for us.
Meeting times: Monthly usually the 3rd Monday of the month. Bi-monthly at 1.30 p.m. in Seer Green, Bucks UK. Socials at other venues. The group is currently run by Teresa Williams. Linda Horncastle is now on the Medical Advisory Board for the national charity FMA UK.
St Albans M.E. Group
Contact: Maxine Ellis
Email: stalbans.m.e.group@gmail.com
Facebook: St Albans M.E. Group (This is a closed group so you will need to apply to join) and also, Parents of Children with CFS/M.E/Fibro in Hertfordshire.
Website: http://stalbansmegroup.wix.com/mysite
Hertfordshire's first active M.E. group for many years was formed early in 2016 with Maxine Ellis at the helm and concentrating in the first instance on her home city of St Albans and the neighbouring district.
It is available to anyone with M.E, fibromyalgia or similar conditions. The group is now open to all areas of Hertfordshire. It has around 160 members. Meetings take place on the second Wednesday of every month, at London Colney Community centre, St Albans, AL2 1PU. Around 15-20 people come to each meeting. The group also run yoga sessions monthly, and have a regular newsletter.
The ME Association
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Posted in Find a local Support Group