In 2010, prior to the advent of 10-digit dialing, the county's emergency center dispatched officers to investigate 10,233 hang-up calls for the whole year – about 853 per month.
After the 10-digit dialing system, the center received up to 6,000 calls monthly, and as of Sept. 2014, the county received 2,999 hang-up calls in need of a dispatch, a huge increase since the dialing change and an average of 100 dispatches per day.
Wendell Town Manager Teresa Piner has urged the town to spread awareness about the impact of the hang-ups.
Each call costs the county's emergency call center $13-15, so accidental dials cost them $1,500 daily, in addition to the impact of holding up phone lines.
Piner said that the town has a sergeant and two officers on duty at all times in the worst case scenario. Dispatching an officer for an accidental hang-up impacts the number of staff even further, when they could be out patrolling, she said.
Barry Furey, director of the Raleigh-Wake County Emergency Communications Center, said that the impact is high on each town as well. With a 30-minute process or so around 100 times daily, mileage, precious time and other resources are heavily impacting the towns.
"That money is not being spent in the best way possible," he said.
Although for many residents, the abrupt dialing change was frustrating, Furey said that acceptance of the change is important.
Piner promotes education as one of the biggest solutions, saying that she would love to see education in the schools on the topic.
He encouraged businesses with fax machine to check that all pre-programmed 919 numbers are accurately entered, saying that the call center has had multiple issues with fax machines.
Although he didn't have information on gross offenders, Furey said that the numbers of misdials shoot up on Mondays.


As the Project Coordinator at Formstack, I contribute to a diverse range of initiatives through the company's rotational program. Currently, I am on the marketing team where I help with content strategy and event planning. Outside of work, you can find me spending time outdoors, planning my next trip, and petting strangers' dogs.


Located in the Gora area and loved by its visitors since ancient times, this hotel boasts hot spring waters flowing straight from the source and kaiseki-style banquet cuisine.
Conveniently located only 400 meters from the station, this hotel is handy for sightseeing in Hakone and promises its guests a merveille (marvelous) time with hot spring waters and seasonal kaiseki-style banquet cuisine. The hotel boasts hot spring waters flowing straight from the source alongside original kaiseki menu offerings, all situating next to the rich greenery of Gora Park. Decorated with works of art, the interior presents guests with a comfy atmosphere to help forget the urban hustle and bustle. A 5-minute walk from Gora Station, the hotel is perfectly situated so you can enjoy sightseeing in Hakone in every season.


Bluesky business solutions offer reliable and distinctive services in communications, quality management and human resource management.
A wide-range of solutions to suit your business needs.
Bluesky business solutions offer reliable and distinctive services in auditing and compliance management, quality and OHS management, human resource development and training. We are dedicated to providing practical, workable solutions in OHS, quality and human resource management for our clients in Townsville and regional Queensland.
Bluesky Business Solutions are advocates of change for business. We provide services to assist organisations in Townsville and regional Queensland to improve their organisational systems to more effectively compete in today's business environment. Striving to help organisations implement their management commitments is rewarding, as our clients become our best credentials.
There will always be a gap between what an organisation says it does and what it actually does. Holding an organisation accountable, is an effective lever available to change agents. Our consultancy and training services can assist business to do this.
should not be an unpleasant experience, on the contrary, there may be challenges but it should be an exciting and empowering journey.
Bluesky Business Solutions offers consultancy and training services in Townsville across three broad areas.
At Bluesky we encourage achieving better business outcomes, using risk management, strategic enrichment and inspiration through leadership.
Our business philosophy stems from key management principles.
A systems approach to management and a workplace environment that supports ongoing continuous improvement.
Strive to become a customer focused organisation with effective leadership, people engagement and a focus on quality.


Fredericksburg, VA is timeless, that's the perfect way to describe the Fredericksburg area. Ideally located between Washington DC and Richmond makes this an ideal location for commuting to our Nations Capital and Richmond, VA. The modern influences include shopping, arts, and culture, wineries, golf, and outdoor adventures which make Fredericksburg a great place to call home.
Homes for sale in Fredericksburg, VA vary from historic to new, waterfront, planned communities, townhomes, and condominiums.
Visit here and view all Fredericksburg homes for sale in the Fredericksburg area. Its free browse as much as you like Free MLS search see all homes listed. Contact us 540-834-6924 to schedule an appointment to view homes in Fredericksburg, VA. Homes listed for sale in Fredericksburg City including bank owned properties and short sales.
Call 540-834-6924 today and lets get started find your Fredericksburg Home!


Act Fast! FREE Hamilton Beach 5 Quart Slow Cooker!
You will need to move VERY quickly if interested in this deal as it WILL sell out! Walmart.com has the Hamilton Beach 5 quart Slow Cooker on sale for $24.94 (reg. $44.95) BUT, when you go through TopCashBack to make your purchase, within 7 days you will receive $24.94 back in your account making it FREE! Then, within 21 days the cash will be available to you in the form of PayPal, Amazon Gift Card, American Express Gift Card or More! This offer is only available for new Top Cash Back members, BUT, you can have multiple accounts in your household! So, sign up your hubby or other family members if you already have an account!
GO HERE and sign up for your Free TopCashBack account.
Then head back here, scroll down and click the Get Cashback button.
You will then be directed to Walmart.com where you'll purchase one Hamilton Beach 5 Quart Slow Cooker for $24.94. It is VERY important to only add ONLY the slow cooker to your cart for the price of $24.94 for this offer to work correctly.
Complete your transaction just as a regular Walmart transaction and have it shipped to your local store for Free in-store pick up.
Within 21 days, the $24.94, will be payable to you inn your Top Cash Back account and it will be available to you in the form of Pay Pal, Amazon Gift Card, American Express Card or More.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged top cash back on August 31, 2016 .
These are so unique and what a great Anniverary Present that they would make especially for those hard-to-buy folks on your list! Jane is offering these Genuine Burlap Anniversary Prints for only $11.98 + Free Shipping.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged jane on August 31, 2016 .
Need some snacks for the kiddos school lunches? Amazon is offering Mott's Medleys Fruit Flavored Snacks, Assorted Fruit, Value Pack, 40 Pouches, 32 oz for only $4.82 Shipped when you clip the 25% coupon and choose the Subscribe and Save option the the right of the page. This is a fantastic price and makes each pouch only $0.12!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Amazon on August 31, 2016 .
I am in love with these State Necklaces! They are so pretty and such wonderful statement pieces! Think of what great gift ideas that they would be as well! Head on over to Cents of Style where you can get a State Necklace for only $11.99 + Free Shipping when you use promo code STATEOFHEART at checkout.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Ccents of style on August 31, 2016 .
There's a NEW coupon to Save $1 On any ONE (1) Suave Kids® Hair Care Product. This makes for a great deal at both Target and Walmart!
Final: Pay just $0.89 per bottle!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Target, Walmart on August 31, 2016 .
NEW $1/1 DenTek Flossers Coupon = FREE at Dollar Tree!
There's a NEW coupon out today for $1 any one (1) DenTek™ Floss Picks. I recently saw these at my local Dollar Tree Store so they will be FREE with coupon! These are great for kiddos if you have a hard time getting them to floss!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Dollar Tree on August 29, 2016 .
$1/1 Skintimate Shave Gel Coupon = 2 FREE at CVS!
There's a NEW coupon for $1 off on any ONE (1) Skintimate Shave Gel or Crème (excludes 2.75 oz.). This coupon makes for FREE Shave gel this week at CVS!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged CVS on August 29, 2016 .
This is one HOT deal for diapers and you don't have to leave your house! If you're an Amazon Family member (it's free to sign up with a Prime Membership – GO HERE) Amazon is currently offering up FOUR 35% off Huggies clippable coupons – valid for Amazon Family Members! Pair these coupons with Subscribe & Save which saves you another 20% to snag some sweet deal deals!
Only $18.62 shipped when you clip the 35% off coupon and opt for Subscribe & Save!
This means you are paying just $0.07 per diaper!
This is just $7.78 shipped when you clip the 35% off coupon and opt for Subscribe & Save!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Amazon on August 29, 2016 .
Rock the top fall beauty trends with the Target Beauty Box. A nearly $40 value for just $10, this handpicked collection of must-have beauty products will keep you looking fresh and fabulous this autumn. Test them out and tell us what you think.
GO HERE to get yours now before they sell out!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Target on August 29, 2016 .


The first time I came across and properly registered the word "workout" was in 2013, the summer before my first year at college. The varsity cross-country and track coach had sent the incoming freshmen runners a preseason training program for the summer, with a heavy emphasis on aerobic base-building and working up towards some faster, more intense running by mid-August.
Workouts are used to target factors such as aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, speed, and power, and could take the form of say, five repetitions of 1,500m, or a pyramid of one-two-three-four-five-four-three-two-one minutes of hard running, or 15 one-minute sprints up a hill. I had run workouts before seeing them described as such; it was just that I was accustomed to calling them "programm" or "training sessions". Among the Hong Kong road running community that I had been training with, running a workout was called "running a program".
"The idea that better, harder, faster, and more are all concepts that are inextricably linked can certainly be motivating, but it can also be dangerous and damaging to equate them entirely.
Is this the kind of ideology I'm signing myself up for when I call my harder runs workouts? Perhaps I may be better off calling them funouts, but somehow I don't think that word will stick.


Our clients are looking for a full time veterinary surgeon to join their team on a permanent basis.
You will work with a team of 3 Vets, RVNs, SVNs and Reception. This is a full time position so this will be Monday to Friday and 1 in 4 weekends. There will be some OOH, but again this is shared on a rota basis. When worked any OOH or Saturday's time will be given back in lieu.
You will be working in a modern practice which offers diagnostic imaging including digital X-rays and ultrasound; a full in-house laboratory service including chemistry, haematology, urinalysis and microscopy; and a well-equipped operating theatre for soft tissue surgery and dental operations.
You will also enjoy access to our benefits package which includes: Ongoing CPD tailored around your skills and interests, Competitive salary and bonus scheme, any special veterinary interests will be fully encouraged and supported. 5 weeks annual leave plus bank holidays with the option to buy an additional two weeks.


Here at MicahFries.com, we're always striving to add positive, exciting content that both interests the reader, and gives the author (namely me) opportunity for creative outlets. As such, we are proud to announce two new additions to the MicahFries.com family.
First, we are excited to announce the opening of "Sermon Sound." SS is a separate blog that integrates with MicahFries.com to provide regularly updated sermon content. While I've always had an audio page, by adding this new blog it allows me to archive and categorize the sermon files which allows for users to search by criteria that meet their needs. This also allows for users to subscribe to the RSS feed and receive updates whenever I've posted new content. Coming very soon will be a feature which will convert this blog into a podcast as well in case you want to automatically download the files.
The second addition is the opening of my new "Hello Foto" foto blog. I've become fascinated by photography over the years, and while I'm no professional, I certainly enjoy working at it. Although I haven't added any pics yet, they will be coming soon.
Let me know what you think of the new additions.


Declan Holmes is about to graduate college and head into the real world. But to get there, he has to experience losses beyond what he's ever felt before. This movie is all about his journey through the most difficult time of his life and the relationships that will either make or break him.
Delan has it rough. His dad is dying but they haven't reached any resolution beforehand. He's broken up with the love of his life. And most importantly to him, he has a script that he just can't finish.
This is a pretty talky affair and I found it difficult to connect to the hero, but that may because I've lived more life than he has and know that the issues that make you feel like its the end of the world in your 20's are nothing compared to the pain and stress that you'll feel in your 40's. I'm certain I'll feel the same way twenty years from now as I look back.
This was shot right in my home area of Western Pennsylvania, so it's cool to see movies coming out of the region. I'm looking forward to seeing where Matt Croyle's work proceeds from here.
You can buy and watch this movie at the official site.


Let's Get Real About Personal Responsibility!
Twice in the past week, I overheard conversations where someone was injured, and someone else immediately concluded that it was the injured person, and only the injured person, who should take responsibility for the incident taking place. I'm sorry, but the misguided notion that an injury victim should assume all responsibility for an injury is offensive and backward.
Here are a couple common scenarios. One is that you are hurt while stepping out of your vehicle onto an icy parking lot and falling due to the ice. The other is that you are hurt falling on a walkway or parking lot because of a hole in the walking surface.
What I'm hearing from others, and what I find offensive, is this notion that whoever falls should "take personal responsibility" and not blame someone else. I call it a "blame the victim mentality" with a backward way of looking at things.
If you want to talk about personal responsibility, how about the idea that whoever controls the area should take some reasonable steps to maintain it so that folks don't get hurt. There's a pothole? How about fixing it! There's ice? How about putting down some sand/salt! The public should expect that whoever controls the area "takes personal responsibility" and accepts blame!
We all know that blame can be shared. People should look where they're going. People should exercise a reasonable degree of care while walking. But at the same time, if you have a business, and control a parking lot or walkway, you should also exercise reasonable care and actually make sure it is properly maintained. And if someone is injured, you should accept personal responsibility, too.
The rest of us, well, maybe we should blame the victim less and be quicker to hold people accountable for failing to maintain the areas they control. We'll all be safer that way, and as a people, we won't so quick to stick it to a victim which is a heartless and immoral way of approaching things.
From a legal point of view, this time of year, many of these incidents happen. They are especially fact specific. If you know of someone injured from an icy parking lot or walkway, remember, don't be so quick to blame the victim, and understand, instead, that whoever controls the area has some moral and legal obligations.
There may even be a reasonable personal injury case to pursue. An experienced personal injury attorney can evaluate it based on the facts. When someone is hurt, whoever controlled the area, they should accept responsibility. When they don't, a good lawyer will make sure they are held accountable.


Cap off your Easter feast with one of our delicious lightened-up treats starring all kinds of better-for-you ingredients.
Sabayon, a light, frothy French custard sauce, is flavored with delicate elderflower liqueur. It turns poached rhubarb into a luscious dessert and balances out the fruit's tartness beautifully.
No dairy here! Homemade almond milk is combined with fragrant vanilla bean and minimal sugar for the creamy filling. It's surrounded by a crunchy oat crust made with coconut oil instead of butter and topped with plenty of fresh strawberries.
Oat flour not only ups the nutrition factor in these mini carrot cakes, but it also makes them extra tender. Hazelnuts (aka good fats) go into the batter and are also sprinkled on top of the frosted cupcakes.
Meyer lemons shine atop this sunny dessert. Peeking out from underneath is a gluten-free almond cake sweetened with honey.
Vegan and gluten-free, this giant chocolate bar is filled with an irresistible mixture of walnuts, dates, and peanut butter. Bonus: you don't even have to turn on the oven! It all comes together in the fridge.
Whole-wheat flour and low-fat yogurt yield cupcakes with a moist, tender crumb. The bright lemon flavor goes nicely with the sweet-tart raspberry frosting.
While we couldn't call this triple-decker cake health food—the Southern favorite wouldn't be the same without cream-cheese frosting—it does rely on more nutritious coconut sugar instead of the usual granulated for its sweetness.
Skip the grand carrot cake and make these diminutive cookies instead. A mixture of grated carrots, pecans, golden raisins, and oats serves as the base, and the tangy filling features fresh goat cheese rather than the typical cream cheese.
Silken tofu is the game-changer in these light-as-a-feather lemon bars. It's pureed with lemon zest and juice for the filling and teamed with a whole wheat-and-coconut oil crust.
If you're lucky enough to find rhubarb AND strawberries at the farmers' market, snap them up and make this easy dessert. Garnish with fresh basil for a surprising but pleasant savory note.
Pureed beets and whole-grain spelt flour are the secrets to this better-for-you chocolate dessert that still tastes ultra-decadent. You can even skip the chocolate-ganache frosting if you want to go lighter—the cake can definitely stand on its own.
Blueberries are piled on top of this wholesome tart that pairs an almond-and-wheat germ crust with a creamy ricotta filling.


I'm testing a SD/MMC manufacture boot flow with MCIMX6ULL-EVK.
In my understanding, when I set SW602 to ON, OFF and witch SW601 to OFF, OFF, ON, OFF without microSD card, I can test a following flow.
However, it seems that it's not into USB download mode.
My confirmation way is using MFGTool.
When I tested with MFGTool, the MFGTool windows shows "No Device Connected".
So I judged it's not in USB download mode.
On the other hand, I tested same way with MCIMX7SABRE.
It can detect a device.
With a above result, something is wrong with SD/MMC manufacture boot flow for i.MX6ULL.
Is there any information about the error of SD/MMC manufacture boot flow for i.MX6ULL ?
Or please tell me how to check the SD/MMC manufacture boot flow for i.MX6ULL.
I know that I need to set sw602 to D1=OFF D2=ON when it goes USB download mode.
As I say, I want to test SD/MMC manufacture boot flow, especially, it shows in the figure which is attached in this thread.
In that case, user set BOOT_MODE to "10" first.
Then if the primary boot fail, it goes to the process which it's shown in the figure.
Finally, it goes to USB download mode.
I want to make same situation which is failed in primary boot, so I powered on without insert SD card.
Because I believe that it goes to the flow which I shown in the figure when it failed a primary boot.
If I'm wrong, please show me how to test a SD/MMC manufacture boot flow.
Could you follow and answer this thread ?
Or please tell me if you need more information about my question.
sorry for my delay, I'm out of office this week, I found you've already submit the familiar question in community, any difference?
Let me confirm about my following understanding is correct or not.
I checked a MCIMX6ULL-EVK-DESIGNFILES/MCIMX6ULL_CM_DESIGNFILES/Schematics/SPF-29364_a.pdf and found that the board is not use SD2_CD_B.
From the following answer, Pad of SDx_CD_B is needed to detect whether a card is inserted or not.
However, MCIMX6ULL-EVK is not use SDx_CD_B.
As a result, MCIMX6ULL-EVK can't detect whether a card is inserted or not and can't tested the SD/MMC manufacture mode.
Could you please follow my question ?
sorry for my delay, I tested this for you on my IMX6ULL evk board, when I set SW602 to OFF, ON and witch SW601 to OFF, OFF, ON, OFF with MicorSD card, I can detect the board by mfgtool. then I set SW602 to ON, OFF and witch SW601 to OFF, OFF, ON, OFF without MicroSD card, I still can detect the board by mfgtool. I don't know why you couldn't find the board, do you have another board to test?
I tried with another board and it can detect both of mode.
I don't understand why it can't detect before.
Apologies for any problems that I have caused.
Could you please follow-up his question?
He want to check correct configuration for along flowchart.
If you cannot understand what he was saying, please ask him again.


learn how the concepts associated with the Kabbalistic Tree of Life can be applied to reading the cards.
The price includes copies of all the presentation slides and a number of other handouts. If you would like to learn more about Kabbalah in particular, check out the following class and course offered by Evelynne Joffe through Global Spiritual Studies.
Living the Tree of Life – a full course of 28 classes covering the 10 Sephirot and the 22 Paths.
Katrina Wynne, MA, an internationally recognized teacher and professional psycho-spiritual counselor, has guided thousands of souls throughout the world on their sacred journey. She combines 40+ years experience with Tarot and other metaphysical traditions with over 25 years as a mental/spiritual health counselor to support your most wonderful life. In 1998 Katrina developed her Transformative Tarot Counseling Certification Program in answer to the many requests she received to learn the higher art of reading. Now offered as an exclusive opportunity on Global Spiritual Studies, she presents the key concepts of this program in a variety of formats. For more information about Katrina Wynne, MA, please visit her website. On Facebook, be sure to "like" the Transformative Tarot Counseling™ page to get the most current information about Katrina's classes and other offerings.


People in my professional world are heading back to school these days. I know, because I've been getting calls to plan projects and activities, conduct trainings, coach leaders and even give the occasional rousing speech.
Here's what I say when I'm asked, and even when I'm not: 2016 is the year to grab the educational reins back. Right now. Starting this month. This is your classroom, your school, your school district. It's your DIY moment.
Why am I so convinced?
We've already lost a generation to NCLB and other such b.s.
Paraphrasing the Beatles, it was 20 years ago today, or thereabouts, that we educators gave ourselves up to top-down standards and the allure of master planning. Consider this: this year's high school seniors have lived their entire scholastic lives under No Child Left Behind.
And so have educators. We weren't capable of choosing methods and materials, we were told; the details needed to come from a higher perch, far "above" the school and classroom. With luck, the bureaucrats thought they could teacher-proof methods and materials. Jal Mehta's The Allure of Order, the title of which pretty much says it all, is essential reading. It will help you understand the folly of this policy as well as the essentials of our educational history.
How have we done after 20 years under the thumb? Results of recent NAEP scores, the nation's "report card", are some of the least hopeful since the early 1990s, particularly given the massive expenditures and smothering effects on schools, especially those who serve largely poor students. 2015 high school reading scores are lower than 1992, as one example. The Washington, D.C.-based Education Trust, supported by the major foundations one would guess, and which bills itself as a "fierce advocate for high achievement", called the NAEP results "sobering", and "another wake-up call". Does that language sound familiar? The fact that this comment comes from a group staffed and led by a board of academics that have been "promoting and supporting federal and state policies" for the past generation brings with it no small irony. For added interest, check out Marion Brady's essay.
Some want to believe that our schools just haven't squeezed hard enough, or that we just haven't put all the plan's ingredients in order. I reply, "Hardly." Strategies and policies cannot and do not "correct" for real, live people and the idiosyncrasies of individual learning.
Further, I say, time and energy spent pursuing fantasy targets such as SLOs or parsing DIBELs is largely wasted. Such notions are contrived and artificial, and although organizing them may make us feel productive, they are routinely trumped by values and culture, and have shown little enduring impact in meeting the social and intellectual needs of young people.
When we bother to ask, kids are responding in almost every survey, that the longer they are in school, the less interesting and meaningful it becomes. Even those who do well academically – gaining status, honors and scholarships -- say school is boring and largely irrelevant to their lives.
Many teachers and principals with whom I work are hesitant and uncertain. The top-down standards and testing slog has left many with a spent feeling. It's hard to muster enthusiasm to do more of the same. Those are breeding grounds that threaten to de-energize us or, worse, to incubate cynicism.
There's one remaining element of why we need to own our schools again, starting today. The students in our classroom have changed. How? Social scientists and observers conclude that notions of "family" have changed. Marital and parenting bonds are looser, incomes are down, and adults are working more for the same or less money. Family time has become a scarcer commodity. Kids absorb the results and they bring them to school.
And twenty-five years ago, kids more likely sat around the TV in the living room, where Mom or Dad controlled the programming. The present generation may be spending 20 to 30 hours or more a week (especially if you include smartphones) on recreational screen time. The brand of direct parenting of yesteryear has largely been replaced by a new, more diffuse environment where kids are in their rooms, wrestling with Facebook. They're outdoors less, and far less involved in neighborhood, multi-age group play. The brain's quest for novelty and stimuli contribute to making school, with its list of standards, and its five-paragraph essays on topics unrelated to their lives and interests, a disconnecting yawner. We can hardly compete for real interest and enthusiasm. As B.B. King said, "the thrill is gone".
So, I'm telling school people that in 2016, the only promising way forward is muster the will to do it ourselves. To renew our profession and our communities by building skills and capacity, improving culture and systems, in the way we know that work needs doing. That's our advantage – we know the work at the granular level.
On the upbeat side, we educators understand that, despite the external forces, young people still come to school every day wanting to do well, to use their minds, to connect. They ask themselves, "Does this teacher know me?", "Is she interested in my future?" They're making an overarching daily calculation, "Can I work with and learn from these adults?" School folks have to account for, and own, that calculus.
What does ownership look like? First things first. The adults "in the room" must determine the fabric of the school, in reference to their own bonds with the institution and with each other. We're asking our own questions about our situation: "How committed are we to each other's success and to this fragile institution?" "Do we have the time, freedom and support to work deeply with each other with the right menu?" and, perhaps most important, at the individual level, "How much am I willing to invest?" If school administrators and teacher leaders commit to creating a culture where the answers to these questions are the right ones, the odds are largely in our favor.
There is no way around these issues. No policy advice survives this rarified air. These are the real questions that move people, and schools, forward. That's why this fall I'm telling educators that the only promising way forward is to do it ourselves. To renew our profession and our communities by finding the will, by building skills and capacity, refreshing culture and systems, in the ways we know it needs to be done.
In the 1980's, Judith Warren-Little gave us the elements of a simple and elegant recipe for making a school great: teachers planning lessons together; teachers talking about their students' learning; teachers watching each other teach and making improvements; and teachers rooting for each other and their students. There they are – the conditions we need to restore our faith in each other, in the young people and their families-- the conditions to do it ourselves.
If you'd like to take action in your school, consider TREK" go to this link.


text:
Projects & Maintenances
Certificates & Dealerships
K K HO ELECTRICAL SDN BHD was established in 1989, operated as a sole proprietor company. With our strong endeavour in the business expansion program the company was incorporated to a private limited company in May 2002. Today we are a company that represents the field of electrical work and air-conditioning system for both commercial and domestic usage.
Over the years, K K Ho Electrical Sdn Bhd has moved a long way to the frontier of technical support and projects consultancy in the two broad areas of electrical work and air conditioning systems. We actively involved in the field of electrical work & technical support in areas of extra low voltage systems (ELV), industrial wiring, cabling and earthing system work, as well as network cabling (CAT5 & CAT6). We also provide parallel technical services such as public address (PA) system, security systems (CCTV) and telecommunication systems cabling as well as master antenna television (MATV) system networking.
On the other hand, our company is leading in the industry of air-conditioning and ventilation system. We engage in a wide range of air-conditioning services extending from supply, installation to maintenance and repairing works for general air-conditioning, chiller system for industrial as well as commercialised ventilation system.
In order to ensure our client experience is positive we make our best effort that the project managers, technical apprentices, installation crews and service teams are all working together in delivering the best possible results. We are also working closely together with our reliable equipment suppliers, consultants & project partners in delivering the best to our valued customers.
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© Copyright 2017 of K K HO Sdn Bhd. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
El Jeep Cherokee (XJ) es un vehículo utilitario deportivo compacto fabricado y comercializado en una sola generación por Jeep. En los Estados Unidos se produjo desde 1983 hasta 2001, y en el resto del mundo hasta 2014. Con cinco plazas y motor delantero, estaba disponible en configuraciones de dos o cuatro puertas y con tracción trasera o en las cuatro ruedas.

Compartiendo el nombre del modelo Cherokee SJ original de tamaño completo, el Cherokee XJ de 1984 fue el primer diseño completamente nuevo de Jeep desde el SJ Wagoneer de 1963, así como el primer vehículo todoterreno estadounidense fabricado con un diseño de carrocería y bastidor totalmente integrado (monocasco). y formó la base mecánica del Jeep Comanche (MJ) pickup (1985-1992).

Jeep comercializó los XJ como "Sportwagon", precursores del moderno vehículo utilitario deportivo (SUV), antes de que se utilizara ese término. Al XJ se le atribuye el mérito de generar competidores, ya que otros fabricantes de automóviles notaron que el diseño canibalizaba las ventas de los automóviles convencionales, que suplantó el papel de las camionetas y que transformó el tipo de vehículo "de camión a limusina a los ojos de innumerables propietarios suburbanos", aunque GM también había lanzado un año antes los SUV compactos con tracción trasera y tracción en las cuatro ruedas orientados a la carretera, comercializando el Chevrolet Blazer y el GMC S-15 Jimmy, inicialmente disponibles solo en configuración de dos puertas.

El libro de 2007 Jeep Off-Road señalaba al XJ como un "eslabón importante en la evolución de los 4x4". En 2011, la revista Kiplinger seleccionó al XJ como uno de los "automóviles que se niegan a morir". El periodista automotriz Robert Cumberford, escribiendo para Automobile, calificó al Jeep XJ como uno de los 20 mejores coches de todos los tiempos; por su diseño, y "posiblemente la mejor forma de SUV de todos los tiempos, es el modelo paradigmático al que han aspirado otros diseñadores desde entonces".

Contexto
Los diseños del Cherokee XJ de tamaño compacto se remontan a 1978, cuando un equipo de ingenieros de American Motors Corporation (AMC) y de Renault dibujó varios bocetos. Los modelos de arcilla se basaron en el SJ Cherokee de tamaño completo de aquel momento. Los primeros bocetos del Cherokee XJ tuvieron una influencia europea, aunque la mayoría de las claves de estilo fueron realizadas por ingenieros de AMC bajo la dirección de Dick Teague, vicepresidente de diseño.

Al darse cuenta de que General Motors estaba desarrollando un nuevo Blazer basado en el S-10 de dos puertas, AMC decidió desarrollar un modelo de cuatro puertas completamente nuevo además de una versión de dos puertas. El vicepresidente de ingeniería de American Motors, Roy Lunn, diseñó lo que se conoce como la suspensión "Quadra-Link", que limitaba los vuelcos. François Castaing de Renault desarrolló el tren motriz utilizando un motor mucho más pequeño que el que normalmente se encuentra en los vehículos 4WD y redujo el peso del nuevo modelo. Es "digno de mención como el primer 4x4 no militar con construcción monocasco". El diseño poco convencional mejoró la durabilidad y la capacidad todoterreno del XJ, lo que finalmente convenció a la mayoría de los críticos, incluso a aque}}llos modelos con los primeros motores de poca potencia de origen GM. El XJ se describe como "el primer SUV crossover pequeño en los EE. UU.", con "mucha de la dureza de Jeep (y un motor de seis cilindros en línea) incorporado". El diseño y el posicionamiento en el mercado del XJ, junto con el AMC Eagle, esencialmente "presagiaron la moda de los vehículos utilitarios «crossover» basados en automóviles convencionales".

"El nuevo Jeep XJ... era  más ligero,  más corto,  más estrecho y  más bajo que el Cherokee SJ al que reemplazó y, sin embargo, gracias a su construcción monocasco, el XJ mantuvo el 90 por ciento del volumen interior de su predecesor ." Y, no solo se mejoró mucho la economía de combustible, sino que "la articulación también era mejor, al igual que la distancia al suelo, así como los ángulos de aproximación, salida y ventral. Estos, junto con su perfil más pequeño, hacían que el XJ fuese mejor tanto fuera de la carretera como dentro."

Aunque los modelos XJ se acababan de presentar, AMC comenzó rápidamente a desarrollar su sucesor. Para competir contra sus rivales mucho más grandes, el fabricante de automóviles más pequeño de EE. UU. creó un proceso comercial que ahora se conoce como gestión del ciclo de vida del producto para acelerar su proceso de desarrollo. En 1985, el desarrollo y la ingeniería ya se basaron en los sistemas de diseño asistido por computadora (CAD), mientras que los nuevos sistemas almacenaban todos los dibujos y documentos en una base de datos central. Este sistema pionero fue tan efectivo que después de que Chrysler comprase AMC en 1987, expandió el sistema a toda su propia empresa.

El presentador de televisión británico y experto en automovilismo Quentin Willson describió al Jeep XJ como "un verdadero ícono 4x4" y uno de los "pocos coches realmente grandiosos... que, a pesar de haber sido dejado atrás por los modelos más nuevos, aún ofrece nuevas y sugerentes posibilidades, más relevantes a medida que envejece".

1984-1996

El Cherokee XJ presentado para el año del modelo de 1984 fue el primer Jeep con un chasis de caja de escalera integrado en una sola unidad monocasco, en lugar de la construcción con un bastidor separado tradicional. El diseño era rígido y resistente con aproximadamente 3200 soldaduras en una carrocería completa, "pero maravillosamente liviano, [el] monocasco permitió un rendimiento sobresaliente incluso con el nuevo motor de cuatro cilindros de 2.5 litros/150 pulgadas cúbicas de AMC".

Las versiones de dos y cuatro puertas del Cherokee XJ se ofrecieron a lo largo de todo su período de producción, cada una con exactamente las mismas medidas de vía y distancia entre ejes. Los modelos de dos puertas, sin embargo, recibieron puertas más largas y asientos delanteros que podían plegarse hacia adelante para facilitar la entrada y la salida de los pasajeros de las plazas traseras. Esto se sumó a las ventanas traseras de longitud extendida que no se abrían, aunque en algunos modelos estaba disponible una ventana de ventilación trasera opcional.

Esta versión fue la primera en venderse en Europa: se lanzó en 1989 en Francia (comercializado a través de Renault), en 1992 en algunos mercados y en 1993 en el Reino Unido. Las primeras versiones tenían únicamente el motor de seis cilindros en línea de 4.0 litros/242 pulgadas cúbicas; el motor de 2,5 litros (150 CID) no llegó a Europa hasta 1995. El mamparo del compartimiento motriz del XJ tenía muescas para acomodar el motor más largo de 4,0 L.

A mediados de 1985, se agregó a la gama una versión del Cherokee con solo dos ruedas motrices. Esta fue la primera vez que se ofreció un producto Jeep con tracción en dos ruedas desde 1967, y se hizo con la esperanza de atraer a algunos compradores más que no necesitaban (o no querían pagar) la tracción en las cuatro ruedas. Cuando se presentó el Cherokee XJ Comanche (MJ), también estaba disponible con tracción en dos y cuatro ruedas. Los nuevos modelos con tracción en dos ruedas compartían la suspensión delantera (con la barra de seguimiento, los brazos de control y las rótulas) con los modelos con tracción en las cuatro ruedas. Jeep simplemente usó un solo tubo de eje de cubo a cubo sin diferencial entre ellos, lo que resultó en una suspensión delantera económica.

Para 1996, en parte para cumplir con las nuevas regulaciones de emisiones y de escape OBD-II de EE. UU., el sistema de gestión del motor se actualizó al entonces nuevo PCM "JTEC" de Chrysler. Esto agregó los beneficios secundarios de mejorar la fiabilidad y facilitar los diagnósticos.

El Cherokee XJ compacto de American Motors iba a ser reemplazado por un modelo nuevo y más grande conocido como ZJ (más tarde llamado Jeep Grand Cherokee cuando se presentó en 1993) que estaba siendo desarrollado por AMC. Sin embargo, la sostenida popularidad del modelo más pequeño hizo que los ejecutivos de Chrysler reconsideraran esta decisión, y aunque los modelos ZJ se introdujeron en 1993, los modelos XJ se mantuvieron hasta 2001. El Jeep XJ sigue siendo una opción popular entre los entusiastas del todoterreno debido a su gran capacidad todoterreno incluso en las unidades con equipamiento estándar. Su popularidad ha dado como resultado un fuerte apoyo continuo del mercado de repuestos en forma de una amplia variedad de productos.

Wagoneer
Una variación del Cherokee de 1983 a 1990 fue el Jeep Wagoneer. Este diseño no estaba relacionado con los modelos Grand Wagoneer de tamaño completo con nombres similares que habían llevado el mismo nombre. El compacto XJ Wagoneer estaba disponible en dos niveles de equipamiento: el "Wagoneer" y el "Wagoneer Limited". Ambos se distinguían de los modelos Cherokee de 1983 a 1985 por una parrilla ligeramente diferente y un emblema "Jeep" más pequeño desplazado hacia el lado del conductor. A partir de 1985, cambiaron a dos faros delanteros de luz alta y baja apilados verticalmente (también conocidos como "ojos de araña") con las señales de giro delanteras movidas detrás de la parrilla. Mientras que las luces traseras del Cherokee estaban divididas en un 50 por ciento con una sección roja sobre una sección ámbar, las luces traseras de los Wagoneer tenían una sola lente roja. El Wagoneer Limited vino con molduras de madera de vinilo en los costados y asientos de tela con cojines de cuero. El rótulo "Limited" estaba grabado en relieve en los respaldos de los asientos delanteros y en el centro del respaldo del asiento trasero.

Mercados de flotas
A principios y mediados de la década de 1990, el Jeep Cherokee comenzó a ser popular como vehículo de distintos organismos gubernamentales y de la policía. El paquete policial Cherokee AHB se introdujo durante el año modelo de 1992, y para 1996, Jeep lanzó una versión especial del Cherokee XJ SE para uso policial y de flotas. No presentaba manijas interiores en las puertas traseras, e incluía una versión revisada de alto rendimiento del motor de seis cilindros en línea "Power-Tech" de 4.0 L que rendía de 190 caballos. El nuevo motor HO reemplazó a la versión anterior de 177 hp del motor 4.0 L en todas las unidades.

El Cherokee también se fabricó con volante a la derecha, inicialmente para el Servicio Postal de los Estados Unidos. Como un modelo derivado, permitió que Jeep en años posteriores se introdujera en los mercados con volante a la derecha: el Cherokee salió a la venta tanto en el Reino Unido como en Irlanda en 1993. También se vendió en Japón, pero debido a las estrictas leyes de inspección del país, muchos Cherokee usados del mercado japonés han regresado a los EE. UU., para que los utilicen los carteros rurales.

Motores

1997-2001

Después de 13 años de producción, en febrero de 1997, el Cherokee recibió un estilo exterior e interior actualizado. Tanto las carrocerías de dos como las de cuatro puertas permanecieron en producción y recibieron una puerta levadiza trasera de acero (que reemplazó a la de fibra de vidrio utilizada anteriormente), luces traseras rediseñadas, molduras de plástico adicionales en las puertas, así como un nuevo panel de cabecera frontal que presentaba un estilo más aerodinámico. La rueda de repuesto permaneció montada en el panel trasero interior del lado del conductor en el maletero. Peter Gruich inventó un nuevo y exclusivo portallantas de repuesto mientras trabajaba para los programas especiales de Jeep que utilizaba la barra de enganche del remolque y un soporte de pivote único y, aunque fue el único portallantas de repuesto externo que pasó la prueba completa de durabilidad de Jeep, no fue ofrecido a la venta.

El interior se actualizó de manera similar con un diseño completamente nuevo y un panel de instrumentos que presentaba la primera estructura de retención del panel de instrumentos simétrica moldeada por soplado. Este panel de instrumentos presentaba un grupo de instrumentos/soporte de bolsa de aire único también inventado por Peter Gruich, que permitía el intercambio de los dos componentes para que el vehículo se vendiera en los mercados de volante a la derecha y a la izquierda, con bolsas de aire para el conductor y el pasajero. Un emisor de pitidos reemplazó al zumbador. Un bastidor monocasco más rígido permitió reducir la generación de ruidos y vibraciones, mejorando el manejo del cocche. También contribuyeron a mejorar estos aspectos los nuevos sellos de las puertas, que redujeron el ruido del viento a velocidades más altas.

A mediados del año modelo de 1999, los vehículos con motor de 4.0 L recibieron un colector de admisión revisado. Esto se hizo para contrarrestar el efecto de los puertos de escape más pequeños en la última fundición de culatas, que se hizo para cumplir con las leyes de control de emisiones más estrictas. Tanto los motores de cuatro como los de seis cilindros se ofrecieron hasta el año modelo de 2000, aunque solo el de seis cilindros en línea estaba disponible en 2001. Para los años modelo de 2000 y 2001, todos los XJ de seis cilindros recibieron un sistema de encendido sin distribuidor que usaba bobina-encendido por bujía y chispa en el ciclo vaciado, reemplazando el sistema tipo distribuidor utilizado anteriormente. Junto con los puertos de escape mejorados y los nuevos colectores de admisión, el sistema bobina-bujía permitió mejorar el rendimiento y reducir las emisiones generadas en comparación con los modelos anteriores. Las opciones de transmisión, eje y caja de transferencia se trasladaron de los modelos anteriores.

Sin embargo, se estaban produciendo cambios importantes con un nuevo ejecutivo, Wolfgang Bernhard, conocido como "recortador de costos". Apodado "torbellino", se le trajo de Mercedes-Benz para cambiar Chrysler. "Uno de los primeros movimientos que hizo Bernhard cuando llegó a Chrysler en 2000 fue ayudar a acabar con el Jeep Cherokee, un SUV viejo y un tanto anodino". Por lo tanto, la línea (XJ) Cherokee fue reemplazada en 2001 por el Jeep Liberty (KJ), aunque conservó la placa de identificación "Cherokee" en la mayoría de los mercados extranjeros.

El Cherokee (XJ) siguió siendo un vehículo popular entre los entusiastas del todoterreno. Su diseño ha sido señalado como uno de los mejores de todos los tiempos. Popular Mechanics incluyó al XJ como uno de "los 25 coches cuadrados más grandes de todos los tiempos".

Cuando la producción del (XJ) Cherokee finalizó en junio de 2001, se demolió la parte de la planta de ensamblaje (Toledo South) dedicada a su producción.

Mercados de flotas
En 1997, el Cherokee XJ se hizo popular en las flotas policiales y gubernamentales. La producción del paquete de servicio especial Cherokee continuó para el año modelo de 1997 y hasta el año modelo de 2001. Todavía tenía las mismas características que el Paquete de servicio especial Cherokee de 1996, pero el motor ahora rendía . En 2001, cuando cesó la producción del Cherokee XJ y fue reemplazado por el Jeep Liberty, el paquete de servicio especial Cherokee se suspendió. El Jeep Liberty nunca presentó un paquete de servicio especial, aunque la policía y las agencias gubernamentales lo usaron en sus flotas.

Motores

Niveles de equipamiento

Base - 1984-1993 / SE - 1994-2001 incluía: tapicería de vinilo o tela, ruedas de acero integrales y radio AM con dos altavoces. El SE reemplazó al Base en 1994. En años posteriores, fue el único nivel de equipamiento ofrecido para el modelo de dos puertas.
Chief - 1984-1990 incluía: tapicería de tela a cuadros y radio AM/FM con dos altavoces.
Pioneer - 1984-1990 incluía: tapicería de tela a cuadros, ruedas de acero y radio AM con dos altavoces.
Pioneer Olympic Edition - 1988 incluía: tapicería de tela, radio AM/FM con dos altavoces y aire acondicionado.
Wagoneer - 1984-1990 incluía: tapicería de tela acanalada con detalles de cuero, detalles interiores de imitación madera de arce con calcomanías exteriores de madera laminada, ruedas de aleación, radio AM/FM con reproductor de casetes y cuatro altavoces, apertura remota sin llave (sistema de infrarrojos) para el año modelo 1990, consola de techo para el año modelo 1990, asientos eléctricos duales y aire acondicionado. Considerado por AMC como un modelo separado y no parte de la serie Cherokee.
Laredo - 1985-1992 incluía: detalles cromados, tapicería de tela a cuadros (1985-1987) o "tela de equipaje" (1988-1992) con la opción de estilo "Briarwood". Asientos de cuero y vinilo solo para el año modelo 1992, ruedas de aleación de cinco radios, radio AM/FM con cuatro altavoces y la opción de seis altavoces Jensen AccuSound, entrada remota sin llave por infrarrojos (un botón) (si estaba equipado con seguros eléctricos), consola superior opcional, asientos eléctricos duales opcionales y aire acondicionado. Reemplazado por el Country en 1993.
Limited - 1987-1992, 1998-2001 incluía: pintura de un solo tono, tapicería de cuero y vinilo, ruedas con radios de encaje del color combinado, radio AM/FM con reproductor de casetes y seis altavoces Jensen AccuSound, infrarrojos (un solo botón) entrada remota sin llave, una consola en el techo, asientos eléctricos duales y aire acondicionado. Este modelo de equipamiento fue reemplazado por el Country en 1993 y luego se reincorporó a la gama en 1998 para reemplazar al Country.
Sport - 1988-2001 incluía: tapicería de tela y vinilo, radio AM/FM y dos altavoces (más tarde, agregó un reproductor de casetes y cuatro altavoces), llantas integrales de acero o de aleación opcionales, apaertura remota sin llave opcional por infrarrojos (botón único) (1988-1996) o radiofrecuencia (botón doble) (1997-2001) (si estaba equipado con seguros eléctricos) y aire acondicionado.
Briarwood - 1991-1992 (reemplazó al Wagoneer) incluía: tapicería de cuero y vinilo, detalles interiores de imitación de madera de arce con calcomanías exteriores de madera laminada, ruedas con radios de encaje, radio AM/FM con reproductor de casetes y seis altavoces Jensen AccuSound, entrada remota sin llave por infrarrojos (un solo botón), una consola en el techo, asientos eléctricos dobles y aire acondicionado.
Country - 1993-1997 incluía: pintura de dos tonos similar a "Laredo" con una raya diplomática del color mejorada y la opción de oro "champagne" junto con plata como opciones decorativas, el reemplazo de varios interiores, anteriormente detalles cromados con negro mate (modelos Base y Sport, también, a partir del año modelo 1993), tapicería de tela y vinilo ("tela de equipaje") con la opción de cuero (excluyendo el año modelo 1993), imitación de madera de caoba detalles interiores, ruedas con radios de encaje, radio AM/FM con reproductor de casetes y cuatro altavoces con la opción de seis altavoces Jensen AccuSound, consola de techo opcional (excluyendo el año modelo 1993), infrarrojos (botón doble) (1993-1996) o radiofrecuencia (botón doble) (1997) entrada remota sin llave (si estaba equipado con seguros eléctricos), asientos eléctricos duales opcionales y aire acondicionado. Reemplazado por el Classic y el Limited en 1998.
Classic - 1996, 1998-2001 incluía: color de pintura de un solo tono, tapicería de tela, ruedas de aleación de 16", radio AM/FM con reproductor de casetes y cuatro altavoces, entrada remota sin llave por infrarrojos (botón doble), consola en el techo y aire acondicionado. Reemplazado brevemente por el Limited en 1997, y se reincorporó a la gama por debajo del Limited en 1998.
Orvis - 1999-2000, modelo de producción limitada, solo disponible en el Reino Unido, incluía: insignia especial de Orvis, alfombrillas especiales de Orvis (con logotipos esmaltados cosidos en ellas), llantas de aleación 'Icon' de 16" con combinación de colores en dos tonos, falsas ventilaciones en el capó, alerón en el portón trasero con luz de freno LED integrada, volante y asientos de cuero y ajuste eléctrico de 6 posiciones, paneles de las puertas en cuero, cubierta de la rueda de repuesto en cuero, logotipo Orvis grabado en cada reposacabezas, logotipo Orvis dorado en la parte superior de la tapa del cenicero, radio AM/FM con casete, amplificador Infinity y seis altavoces Infinity, entrada remota sin llave, control de crucero, espejos térmicos del lado del conductor y del pasajero y aire acondicionado disponible con el motor AMC 242 de 4.0 litros de seis cilindros en línea con la transmisión automática Aisin AW-4 de 4 velocidades. También estaba disponible el motor VM Motori Turbo-Diésel de cuatro cilindros y 2.5 litros con una transmisión manual de 5 velocidades.
Freedom - 2000 incluía: insignia especial, grupo de apariencia SE en carrocería deportiva, ruedas de aleación Ultrastar de 16 pulgadas (igual que el 5.9L ZJ de 1998), radio AM/FM con casete, control de acceso remoto de radiofrecuencia sin llave, y aire acondicionado. Basado en el nivel de equipamiento Sport. Disponible con tracción en dos o en las cuatro ruedas.
60 Aniversario - 2001 incluía: insignias especiales, tapicería especial, pintura de un solo tono, ruedas de aleación de 16", radio AM/FM con casete, entrada remota sin llave por radiofrecuencia y aire acondicionado. Basado en el nivel de acabado Sport en el Modelo de 2001 solamente.

Componentes de transmisión disponibles

Transmisiones manuales
1984: Borg-Warner T-4 manual de cuatro velocidades, usado con el motor de 2.5 L I4 solamente, salida de 21 estrías
1984-1987: Aisin-Warner AX4 manual de cuatro velocidades, usado con el motor de 2.5 L I4 solamente, salida de 21 estrías
1984: Borg-Warner T-5 manual de cinco velocidades, usado con el motor de 2.5 L I4 y 2.8 L V6, salida de 21 estrías
1984-2000: Aisin-Warner AX5 manual de cinco velocidades, usado con el motor de 2.5 L I4, 2.1 L I4 diésel y 2.8 L V6, 21 estrías de salida
1987-mediados de 1989: Peugeot BA-10/5 manual de cinco velocidades usado con el motor de 4.0 L I6, salida de 21 estrías
Finales de 1989-1999: manual de cinco velocidades Aisin-Warner AX15, usado con el motor diésel I4 de 2.5 L, I6 de 4.0 L, salida de 23 estrías
2000-2001: Nueva transmisión manual de cinco velocidades Venture Gear NV3550, utilizada con el motor diésel I4 de 2,5 L, I6 de 4,0 L, salida de 23 estrías

Transmisiones automáticas
1984-1986: Chrysler A904 automática de tres velocidades usada con el motor I4 de 2.5 L y el V6 de 2.8 L
1987-2001: Aisin-Warner AW-4 automática de cuatro velocidades, usada con el motor I6 de 4.0 L
1994-2000: Chrysler 30RH automática de tres velocidades, usada con el motor I4 de 2.5 L

Cajas de transferencia
Todas las cajas de transferencia utilizadas en el Cherokee eran unidades de dos velocidades impulsadas por cadena con carcasas de aluminio. El sistema Command-Trac era estándar en los modelos XJ construidos con tracción 4x4.

Ejes
El Jeep XJ utilizaba componentes delanteros y traseros de eje de viga (ejes vivos) en lugar de una suspensión independiente. La configuración del eje vivo ofrece ventajas en la capacidad y el rendimiento todoterreno a expensas de cierta comodidad y capacidad de conducción en carretera. Los modelos de tracción en dos ruedas de mediados de 1985 y posteriores usaban los mismos mecanismos de suspensión y dirección con un solo tubo que conectaba los extremos del eje, lo que también significaba que no había caja de transferencia, eje de transmisión delantero ni diferencial delantero.

Eje delantero
1984-1996: Dana 30, piñón alto, corte inverso, semiejes de 27 estrías (1989-1995: con ABS usaba juntas universales 5-297x, sin ABS tenía juntas universales 5-260x. Los modelos XJ equipados con el sistema NP228/229 "Selec-Trac" también se produjeron con junta homocinética en lugar de cardán).
1996-1999: Dana 30, piñón alto, corte inverso, junta universal 297x/760, ejes de 27 estrías
2000-2001: Dana 30, piñón bajo, corte estándar, junta universal 297x/760, ejes de 27 estrías
1985-2001: eje delantero recto no motriz solo para tracción en dos ruedas

Eje trasero
1984-1989: Dana 35, sin clip en C, con sistema antibloqueo de ruedas (ABS) o sin ABS; Dana 44 en algunos modelos
1987-1991: Dana 44, modelos con paquete de remolque únicamente, semiejes de 30 estrías, sin ABS
1990-1996: Dana 35, clip en C, con ABS o sin ABS
1997-2001: Dana 35, clip en C, con ABS
1991-1996: Chrysler 8.25 ", clip en C, sin ABS, semiejes de 27 estrías
Finales de 1996 a 2001: Chrysler 8.25", semiejes con clip en C, sin ABS, de 29 estrías

Relaciones de transmisión del eje
Los Jeep XJ venían en varias relaciones de transmisión estándar:
3.07:1, transmisión manual, motor I6.
3.54:1, transmisión automática, motor I6 con diferencial trasero Dana 44
3.54:1, transmisión manual, motor I4 con diferencial trasero Dana 35
3.55:1, transmisión automática, motor I6; transmisión manual, motor I4
3.73:1, transmisión automática, motor I6, paquete de remolque, paquete UpCountry, manual diésel de 2.5 VM
4.10:1, motor 2.5L I4, primeros modelos con paquete de remolque
4.56:1, transmisión automática, motor I4, todoterreno o paquete de remolque

Suspensión
El Jeep XJ utilizaba un resorte helicoidal con una suspensión delantera con amortiguador separado y un resorte de láminas con una suspensión trasera con amortiguador separado.

Suspensión delantera
El diseño de la suspensión delantera Quadra-Link ubicaba el eje con cuatro brazos de control delanteros para limitar el movimiento longitudinal y la rotación sobre el eje lateral (reacción de conducción y frenado), dos sobre el eje y dos debajo. Se utilizaba una suspensión Panhard, también conocida como barra de seguimiento, para ubicar el eje lateralmente. Dos resortes helicoidales estaban asentados en la parte superior de la carcasa del eje, así como dos amortiguadores cargados con gas. La suspensión utilizada en los vehículos con el paquete UpCountry opcional proporcionaba una pulgada más de elevación con respecto a la suspensión estándar. Se utilizaba una barra estabilizadora para reducir el balanceo de la carrocería en los giros.

Suspensión trasera
El XJ utilizaba una suspensión trasera de ballestas. Cada paquete contenía cuatro resortes de hoja con un ojo fijo en la parte delantera del resorte y un grillete de compresión en la parte trasera. También se utilizan dos amortiguadores de gas, junto con una barra estabilizadora/antivuelco suave. La suspensión utilizada en los vehículos con el paquete opcional UpCountry no empleaba la barra estabilizadora/antivuelco trasera y proporcionaba una pulgada de elevación sobre la suspensión estándar.

XJ en Europa

El XJ se introdujo en los mercados europeos con volante a la izquierda en 1985, un año después de su debut en Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, los mercados europeos con volante a la derecha solo comenzaron a recibirlos oficialmente en 1993, aunque una pequeña cantidad de importaciones personales habían estado llegando al Reino Unido con el volante a la izquierda durante varios años antes. Se ofrecieron modelos en ambos mercados hasta la descontinuación del XJ en 2001, momento en el que fue reemplazado por el Jeep Cherokee (KJ), que mantuvo el nombre de Cherokee para su venta en Europa, a pesar de compartir poca herencia mecánica con su predecesor. El Cherokee a menudo se vendía en Europa como parte de la línea de Renault y, en ocasiones, se lo denominaba Renault Jeep Cherokee en los medios de publicidad, aunque nunca se vendió con las insignias de Renault. Sin embargo, las versiones de automovilismo del Cherokee que compitieron en el Rally Dakar sí usaban insignias de Renault.

Se ofreció una versión furgoneta del XJ además de los vehículos de pasajeros estándar en algunos mercados europeos. Disponibles en modelos con volante a la derecha y a la izquierda, se diseñaron para cumplir con las reglamentaciones fiscales relajadas de algunos estados miembros de la UE aplicables a los vehículos destinados principalmente a su uso comercial. Se sabe que se vendieron versiones de dos y de cuatro puertas, siendo las principales diferencias con los modelos estándar los paneles de metal en lugar de las ventanas laterales traseras. Carecían de asientos traseros, y disponían de una plataforma de carga completamente plana. Las variantes con tracción en dos ruedas y tracción en las cuatro ruedas estaban disponibles, impulsadas por el motor VM Motori 2.5 L diésel acoplado a la transmisión manual Aisin AX-15. Las fotografías de este modelo se pueden encontrar en el enlace siguiente.

XJ en China

American Motors estableció la primera empresa conjunta de fabricación de automóviles en la República Popular China para ensamblar el Cherokee de cuatro puertas. La producción continuó después de que AMC fuera adquirida por Chrysler. Los modelos para el mercado chino BJ 7250 (con tracción trasera) y BJ 2021 (con tracción en las cuatro ruedas) tenían un techo elevado en la parte trasera, ya que a menudo estaban destinados a ser conducidos por un chofer. El BJ2021 estaba disponible con un motor de 2,5 L y una caja de cambios manual de 4 velocidades para el modelo del año 1985 hasta 2005. Para 1993, estaba disponible una versión de 6 cilindros y 4 L acoplada a una caja de cambios manual de 5 velocidades. El BJ7250 usaba el mismo motor de 2.5 L que el BJ2021, pero con una caja de cambios manual de 5 velocidades.

El BJ2021 medía 4290 milímetros de largo, 1800 milímetros de ancho y 1620 milímetros de alto, además de disponer de una distancia entre ejes de 2580 milímetros. El BJ7250, sin embargo, era 90 milímetros más corto en longitud, 40 milímetros más corto en ancho, 10 milímetros más alto, y 5 milímetros más corto en distancia entre ejes.

La producción bajo Mercedes-Benz continuó en la asociación que pasó a llamarse Beijing-Benz DaimlerChrysler Automotive. El modelo más reciente con una parrilla, faros y otras actualizaciones se conocía como Jeep 2500. y se fabricó hasta 2005. Es notable que el diseño del Cherokee original de AMC se siguió fabricando y vendiendo después de permanecer prácticamente sin cambios durante más de veinte años.

El diseño de los Jeep para el mercado chino era similar al de los del mercado estadounidense, con la excepción de una nueva parrilla frontal y faros, así como un sistema de iluminación revisado. El interior también recibió un volante y una consola central rediseñados.

El BJ2500, producido por Beijing Benz, estaba disponible con el motor de 2.4 L 4G64 de Mitsubishi, motores 2.5 L y 2.7 L conocidos como C498QA. El precio oscilaba entre 115.000 y 127.900 yuanes (16.600 a 18.470 dólares) para los modelos de 2,5 litros y 128.000 yuanes para el modelo de 2,7 litros (18.480 dólares), mientras que los motores de 4.0 L y 4.7 L se conocían como C698QA1 y C8V93Q respectivamente, y ambos impulsaban al Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ).

Después de 2009, Beijing Auto Works continuó la producción del Cherokee XJ para el mercado chino como BAW Qishi 骑士 (Caballero en chino). El Qishi usaba un motor de 2.0 L I4 y otro de 2.2 L I4, conocidos como 4G20 y 4G22, ambos antiguos diseños de Nissan, y disponía de una parrilla de 5 ranuras, junto con ruedas de 6 radios. La producción finalizó en 2014. Todos los Jeep con especificación china tenían una caja de cambios manual de 5 velocidades de serie.

El fabricante de automóviles chino Shuanghuan Auto, que es conocido por su copia de la parte delantera del Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (J120), la parte trasera del BMW X5 (E53) y de la parte lateral del BMW X3, el Shuanghuan Sceo, también hizo una copia del Jeep Cherokee XJ conocido como Shuanghuan SHZJ213. La plataforma BJ212 se utilizó para fabricar el automóvil. El SHZJ213 utilizó el motor BAW 492 de 2.4 litros acoplado a una caja de cambios manual de 5 velocidades. La producción se desarrolló entre 1994 y 1997.

Fabricación
El XJ se fabricó en Toledo (EE. UU.); Pekín (China); Ferreyra (Argentina); El Cairo (Egipto); y en Valencia, (Venezuela); con una producción que alcanzó aproximadamente los 3 millones de unidades entre 1983 y 2001.

Renacimiento del nombre en los EE. UU.

El 22 de febrero de 2013, Chrysler publicó fotos de prensa del sustituto del Liberty y también anunció que el nuevo modelo recuperaría el nombre de Cherokee. El Cherokee (KL) estaba basado en la plataforma ancha compacta de EE. UU. y contaba con una transmisión automática de nueve velocidades, una opción de un motor Tigershark I4 de 2.4 L con sincronización variable de válvulas MultiAir electrohidráulica de Fiat y elevación variable de válvulas, o un V6 de 3.2 L basado en el Pentastar 3.6 L V6, y tracción delantera y en las cuatro ruedas (esta última gracias al sistema Selec-Terrain de Jeep). El Liberty se vendió fuera de América del Norte como Jeep Cherokee, lo que permitió que el nuevo modelo se comercializara fácilmente a nivel mundial. Jeep también pensaba que el antiguo nombre atraería a los propietarios anteriores de un Jeep. El nuevo Cherokee se construyó en Toledo, Ohio. A mediados de 2017, el nuevo Cherokee (KL) se producía en Belvidere, Illinois.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Boletines de servicio de Jeep Cherokee y otros archivos descargables
Foro Cherokee - Foro de discusión sobre Jeep Cherokee
Asociación Norteamericana de XJ - Foro de discusión sobre Jeep Cherokee

Vehículos con tracción en las cuatro ruedas
Cherokee
Modelos de automóviles de los años 1980
Modelos de automóviles de los años 1990
Modelos de automóviles de los años 2000
Modelos de automóviles de Estados Unidos
Vehículos utilitarios deportivos compactos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Lifestyle Lifestyle News
Rakuten Ignites Online Shopping in M'sia
Rakuten Inc. (JASDAQ: 4755), Japan's top e-commerce company that its Malaysian Internet shopping mall, "Rakuten Online Shopping" is set to launch on 1st November 2012 (Thursday) at 09:00 Malaysia Standard Time. Hang on, that's right now!
With over 11,000 goods from top local retailers available at launch and expanding daily, the service provides consumers in Malaysia with an entirely new online shopping experience that is entertaining and interactive.
#Rakuten: Singapore, Malaysia, & Indonesia Marketplaces To Close By March 2016
Rakuten Online Shopping has recruited some of Malaysia's top retailers to offer a diverse mix of product categories, including consumer electronics, computer and IT, healthcare, fashion apparels, jewellery and accessories. Customers can expect an exciting line-up from over 40 top retailers at launch, including:
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Best Denki
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Unlike existing shopping sites, Rakuten Online Shopping is a virtual mall populated with multiple stores that cater to various segments of interest. It employs Japan's world famous customer service standards and innovative collaborations with reliable partners to deliver a trusted shopping environment that is efficient, hassle-free and secure.
Aside from the ability to shop anytime, customers are also treated with exciting promotions by the mall and individual merchants. It also features the award-winning "Rakuten Super Points" loyalty rewards programme that incentivise shoppers with points for all purchases that are redeemable as payment for future purchases.
Excuse us while we go spend some money!
For more information, visit their website or hit up their Facebook page.
Tags: Rakuten Inc.Rakuten MalaysiaRakuten Online Shopping
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NYSE Events
NYSE's Annual ETF Industry Summit
Please join us for an event hosted by the New York Stock Exchange and the Global ETF community.
Hear from leaders across the world as they offer their unique perspectives on ETF domiciles outside of the United States. Learn about the opportunities in each region, market opportunities, and the best practices for entering the global markets.
12:30 p.m. - 6:30 p.m. EST
11 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005
Space is limited. RSVP to confirm your attendance. Invitation is non-transferable.
Agenda*
Registration, networking and refreshments
Welcoming Remarks: Going Global with ETFs
Douglas M. Yones, Head of Exchange Traded Products, NYSE
Pierce Lord, Director, Indices, ICE
Douglas M. Yones
Head of Exchange Traded Products, NYSE
Douglas Yones is currently the Head of Exchange Traded Products at the New York Stock Exchange, where he oversees the listings and operations teams responsible for the ETP, Closed End Funds and SPAC businesses. His department is responsible for the delivery of customized, full service end-to-end capabilities for exchange traded product issuers. From the moment an asset manager begins developing their mandate, the team at the NYSE can help to drive product and index development, regulatory guidance and legal support, an unparalleled listing day experience, and long-term enhancement of product growth and distribution alongside superior market quality and liquidity.
Prior to joining the NYSE, Douglas spent 17 years at The Vanguard Group, most recently as the Head of Domestic Equity Indexing/ETF Product Management. From 2007 through 2015, Douglas worked on the development, launch, and distribution of numerous ETFs in the U.S., U.K., and Canada. He also spent a number of years in Hong Kong, responsible for the development and launch of the regional ETF business for Vanguard in Asia.
Douglas holds the Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) designation with the American College, an M.B.A from Villanova University, his undergraduate degree from the Pennsylvania State University, and is a registered Options and General Securities Principal with FINRA.
Pierce Lord
Director, Indices, ICE
Pierce Lord is Director of Product Development at ICE Data Services, a leading provider of market data solutions which is part of Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (NYSE: ICE). Lord is responsible for business development and commercial strategy for ICE Data Indices.
Prior to joining ICE in 2019, Lord was a business manager at Bloomberg L.P. responsible for evaluated pricing and curves across municipal, corporate and government bonds globally. Before joining Bloomberg in 2010, Lord was founder and portfolio manager of Lord Capital Management, a registered investment adviser. He was a convertible bond trader and analyst at Drake Management and got his first job as an investment banking analyst at UBS.
Lord is a CFA® charterholder and received his bachelor's degree in economics and mathematics from Colgate University. Lord has served on the board of regents of Mercersburg Academy from 2008 to 2020.
Graham Mackenzie, Managing Director, Exchange Traded Products, Toronto Stock Exchange
Steve Hawkins, President and CEO, Horizon ETFs
Kevin Gopaul, President and CCO, BMO ETFs & Global Asset Management
Moderator: Mo Sparks, Director Exchange Traded Products, NYSE
Graham Mackenzie
Head of Exchange Traded Products, Toronto Stock Exchange, TMX Group
Graham leads the Exchange Traded Product businesses at the TMX. In this role, Graham is not only tasked with growing the TSX's ETF footprint but also focused on nurturing and fostering the adoption and use of ETFs in Canadian investment portfolios.
Graham joined the TMX after an 18 year career as an equity trader that included managing multiple trading businesses. While at CIBC, Graham's responsibilities included Portfolio Trading, Head of the Retail Execution Services and Retail Block Trading desks. Prior to CIBC, Graham worked at RBC Capital Markets where he was a pioneer in the Canadian portfolio trading business. At both CIBC and RBC, Graham was responsible for managing their corporate trading relationships where he advised issuers on corporate buybacks, building toehold positions and disposing minority stakes. He began his trading career as an options trader on the floor of the TSX with RBC.
Graham and his wife, Michèle, are the founders of Ready, Set, Play Children's Charity. A Toronto based charity that provides funding for underprivileged children to participate in recreational sports and dance.
Steve Hawkins
President and CEO, Horizon ETFs
Steve Hawkins is the President and CEO of Horizons ETFs (a member of the Mirae Asset Global Investments Group), where he is responsible for the day-to-day business and affairs of the firm. With more than 35 years of experience in the investment industry, Mr. Hawkins has been with Horizons ETFs for more than 13 years including as its CIO, prior to becoming CEO in 2015. He is among the leaders responsible for the proliferation of ETFs in Canada, bringing many first-of-their-kind ETFs to market. Mr. Hawkins spearheaded the launch of the first family of actively managed ETFs in Canada, the world's first marijuana ETF, the world's first psychedelics ETF and the world's first inverse bitcoin ETF. As an innovative ETF and capital markets thought leader, he is frequently quoted in the news media, appears regularly on business television, and is a globally sought-after speaker for his expertise on his three favorite topics: ETFs, derivatives, and emerging sectors. Mr. Hawkins was recognized as CEO of the Year at the 2018 and 2022 Wealth Professional Awards and is a past chair of the Canadian ETF Association.
Kevin Gopaul
President & Chief Commercial Officer, BMO Exchange Traded Funds, BMO Global Asset Management
Kevin Gopaul is President and Chief Commercial Officer of BMO Exchange Traded Funds, for BMO Global Asset Management. Kevin is a key asset to the BMO Bank of Montreal Global Asset Management team with over 18 years of progressive investment industry experience, including global passive and active strategies. Prior to joining BMO GAM, he served as Principal, Portfolio Manager at Barclays Global Investors Canada where he played an integral role in overseeing the management of Exchange Traded Funds and Institutional mandates. Kevin also worked as an index arbitrage trader with Scotia Capital. Kevin continues to be an active participant in the financial services industry, having served as the Chairman of the Canadian ETF Association (CETFA) from 2017-2019 and where he continues to serve as a Director, as well as being appointed to the Public Policy Committee a key member committee of the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance (CCGG) in 2020, and acting as an advisor to several index advisory panels. Kevin studied Economics, Finance and Computer Science at the University of Waterloo, and was named one of IIAC's Top 40 Under 40 in 2015.
Mo Sparks
Director Exchange Traded Products, NYSE
Mo Sparks leads the New York Stock Exchange's strategic initiatives and related activities for asset managers engaged in the development of ETFs. Prior to joining the NYSE, he spent nearly a decade at The Vanguard Group working in several different roles within the Product Management & Strategy functions responsible for oversight of Vanguard's global ETF and mutual fund lineup. Mo most recently served as the Head of Product Technology & Analytics where he was responsible for designing and leading a portfolio of initiatives focused on enhancing the product development, launch, and monitoring processes globally. Mo also served as a founding member of the leadership team for the Global Product Management function and was the Head of Product Management Shared Services where he engaged in go to market strategy development, product development and sales distribution efforts for the global ETF business. Mo received his undergraduate degree from Clemson University.
Brazil (1:40 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.): Luis Kondic, Managing Director and Head of Listed Products and Data, B3
Mexico (2:00 p.m. - 2:20 p.m.): Juan Manuel Tirado Olivo, Director, Groupo BMV
Peru (2:20 p.m. - 2:40 p.m.): Miguel Angel Zapatero Alba
Luis Kondic
Managing Director and Head of Listed Products and Data, B3
Luis Kondic is a Managing Director and Head of Listed Products and Data at B3. Luis has joined B3 in April 2021 from Citigroup, where he was most recently the Managing Director responsible for Markets Corporate Sales and Structuring in Brazil. He joined Citigroup in 1996 as a Management Associate and held positions in Finance and Global Markets, in Brazil and in New York, with focus on structuring, product development and sales of derivatives, FX and investments products.
Juan Manuel Olivo Tirado
Director of Promotion and Issuers, Mexican Stock Exchange
Juan Manuel Olivo Tirado is the Director of Promotion and Issuers of the Mexican Stock Exchange where he began his career more than 10 years ago. He directs the listing and maintenance process of all the Securities listed on the stock market, as well as Linkage, Integral Client Services and the support program for new companies to be listed. Juan Manuel was responsible for the International Quotation System at Deutsche Bank from 2011 to 2014. With an innovation and growth culture, he has participated in the planning and refinement of the Certificados de Capital de Desarrollo (CKDes), Real State FIBRAs, SIC, as well as the recent instruments, Green Bonds, Social Bonds, FIBRA E, CERPIS, SPACS and the structure redesign of the SIC providing several benefits to Global Market. Juan Manuel shares his knowledge through different conferences and courses related to Stock Financing, Personal Finances, Economy and How to invest in the Stock Market. He has participated in different publications in magazines, newspapers and radio interviews highlighting; FORBES, El Economista, Fórmula financiera, El Financiero-Bloomberg, among others. He has an MBA from ITAM, as well as a degree in Finances from the Banking and Commercial School.
Miguel A. Zapatero
CEO, Lima Stock Exchange, Grupo BVL
Miguel A. Zapatero is CEO of the Lima Stock Exchange, part of the Grupo BVL, the leading capital market infrastructure provider in Peru.He joined the exchange in 2014 after working in BlackRock, where he worked as a Director for Latin America in USA and Chile.Previously, he held various roles at Barclays Global Investors, Apoyo Consultoria and the Central Bank of Peru.
Henry Glynn, Head of ETF Capital Markets & Distribution, Waystone
Ciara O'Leary, Partner, Dechert
Clive Bellows, Executive Vice President, Northern Trust
Pawel Janus, PhD, Co-Founder and Head of Analytics, ETFbook
Moderator: Paul Heffernan, CEO, Waystone
Henry Glynn
Head of ETF Capital Markets & Distribution, Waystone ETFs
Henry Glynn joined Waystone in 2022 as Head of ETF Capital Markets & Distribution for Waystone ETFs. Henry has over 15 years of experience in the ETF industry, having previously built and led the Capital Markets team at VanEck Europe. Prior to this he worked at Vanguard in London, Hong Kong and Melbourne predominately as a Capital Markets Specialist building out their ETF capabilities in each region. Henry has a deep understanding of the drivers of ETF liquidity and of the ETF market and ecosystem.
At Waystone, Henry's responsibilities include Authorised Participant and Market Maker relationships, Sales and Client Engagement, ETF product and business enhancement as well as engaging with International Stock Exchanges, ETF trading platforms and trading technology providers.
Henry joined Waystone from ICE Data Services where he was Head of Index and Analytics sales for EMEA. Henry has a Bachelor of Business Studies Degree from the Sligo Institute of Technology.
Ciara O'Leary
Partner, Dechert
Ciara O'Leary focuses her practice on investment funds, advising fund promoters and fund services firms on matters relating to the establishment, authorization, operation and ongoing maintenance of funds.
Ms. O'Leary advises on all types of funds, including UCITS and AIFs. She has extensive experience handling matters pertaining to ETFs, money market funds, alternative or structured UCITS and the use of derivatives and financial indices within the UCITS space.
Prior to joining Dechert, Ms. O'Leary was an investment management partner at another global law firm.
Clive Bellows
Executive Vice President, Northern Trust
As a member of the Northern Trust European Management Committee and Head of GFS EMEA, Clive has additional Global responsibility for Northern Trusts Private Capital business lines. Drawing on his deep sector knowledge, Clive has extensive experience supporting asset managers to achieve operational efficiency across the spectrum of alternative assets including hedge funds, private equity, private debt, real estate and infrastructure funds. He also has overall responsibility for leading the company's Fund Administration and Depositary business in the UK, Ireland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Netherlands and Guernsey. Clive is a Certified Investment Fund Director (CIFD) and Chairs the CIFD Advisory Committee. He is an ex‐President of the Irish Chamber of Commerce and also The Institute of Banking. Clive is Chairman of the Basis.Point charity and is a serving Board member of the Irish U.S. Council.
Pawel Janus, PhD
Co-Founder and Head of Analytics, ETFbook
Pawel is Co-Founder and Head of Analytics at ETFbook which supports institutional clients with data, analytics, and custom solutions within the European ETF/P market. Prior to ETFbook, Pawel established and managed team at UBS AM responsible for driving innovation and analytics in the Passive space. Broad exposure to quantitative market, credit, and liquidity risks. Expertise and experience in index construction methodologies and developments, including ESG layers. PhD degree in Econometrics.
Paul Heffernan
CEO, Waystone ETFs
Paul Heffernan joined Waystone in 2022 as CEO for Waystone ETFs. Paul has over 20 years experience in the global investment fund industry. This includes global asset servicing, investment fund structuring and the international distribution of funds. Paul is a recognised specialist in the ETF market since their European inception in 2000.
At Waystone, Paul's role is to lead Waystone's ETF platform capturing global opportunities in the ETF market, working closely with asset managers, asset owners, private banks and other financial institutions to build and distribute great ETFs. Core to the success of the platform will be client access to a comprehensive network of liquidity providers and specialist ETF distribution support. Paul leads the international ETF business development and expansion, including new listings across multiple regions globally.
Paul joined Waystone from HSBC where he was Head of Business Development and Client Management (Asset Manager Sector, Europe) and previously Head of Cross Border Sales EMEA. Prior to this Paul spent five years at Northern Trust where he held the role of Senior Vice President, EMEA Asset Servicing Sales.
Paul has an Executive MBA in Financial Services from University College Dublin and a Bachelor's degree in Economics & Finance from University of Limerick.
Andrew Campion, General Manager, Investment Products, ASX
Andrew Weaver, Senior Manager, Investment Products, ASX
Andrew Campion
General Manager, Investment Products, ASX
Andrew has worked for over two decades in financial services and related industries, with experience in multiple asset classes and geographies. He has spent a significant portion of his career in the UK and the US, where his roles varied from derivatives product controller, strategy consultant, as well as equity derivatives trader. Currently, he is General Manager of the Investment Products team at ASX, which covers ETFs, LICs, mFunds, REITs, warrants, hybrids, and bonds. Prior to joining ASX, Andrew was Executive Director in Equity Derivatives Trading for Goldman Sachs in Sydney.
Andrew holds a Bachelor of Economics (Hons) from Macquarie University, an MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and is a CFA charterholder.
Andrew Weaver
Senior Manager, Investment Products
Andrew Weaver is the Senior Manager of the Investment Product Specialists team at ASX; whose responsibilities include on-boarding new ETFs and ETF issuers, managing the exchange's relationship with market makers, and engaging with regulators.
He also sits on the S&P/ASX equity index committee which is charged with managing the benchmark Australian equity index, the S&P/ASX 200.
Andrew holds a Bachelor of Commerce and Laws from the Australian National University.
Daisuke Tanaka, Director, ETF Market Development Department, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.
Daisuke Tanaka
Director, ETF Market Development Department, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.
Daisuke Tanaka joined Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) in 1997. He has served in several areas at TSE such as bond market, listing, and information services, as well as other fields in JPX group such as listed company compliance at Japan Exchange Regulation and OTC derivative clearing at Japan Securities Clearing Corporation. He has been the head of ETF Market Development Department, which was established in April 2022 to develop and promote overall ETF eco-system. He graduated from the University of Tokyo and received an MBA from the University of Michigan.
Hong Kong & Greater China
Brian Roberts, Managing Director, Co-Head of Equity Product Development & Head of Exchange Traded Products, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited
Interviewed by: Douglas M. Yones, Head of Exchange Traded Products, NYSE
Brian Roberts
Managing Director, Co-Head of Equity Product Development & Head of Exchange Traded Products, Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing Limited
Brian is Managing Director, Co-head of Equities Product Development. In this capacity, Brian oversees the development and management of HKEX's equities products, focusing on market development, client engagement and investor education.
Brian joined in 2015 bringing over 10 years of ETF development and leadership experience to HKEX. Prior to HKEX, Brian was at Vanguard, where he was most recently Head of ETF Product Development Asia, focusing on developing their global ETF business.
Brian holds an undergraduate degree from Purdue University and an MBA from Thunderbird School of Global Management.
Tom Connors, Executive Director, Global Sales & Origination, Singapore Exchange
Tom Connors
Executive Director, SGX America, LTD
Responsible for Singapore Exchange (SGX)'s business development and sales within North America. This includes marketing SGX's core suite of products and services across asset classes including equities, fixed income, currencies, commodities, as well as its Data Connectivity and Indices business.  He has previously held product distribution roles at UBS Securities LLC (19yrs) and Bear Stearns & Co. (9yrs).
Closing Remarks: Global Marketing in a Digital Age
Jon Fee, Chief Marketing Officer, VettaFi
Jon Fee
Chief Marketing Officer, VettaFi
Jon Fee is the Chief Marketing Officer of VettaFi, a data, analytics, indexing, and thought leadership fintech focused on transforming financial services from an industry to a community. He is responsible for building the brand and driving growth.
Jon's career has spanned technology, finance, and music—working for industry leaders in the US and UK, as well as getting scrappy with a few mission driven start-ups.
Prior to joining VettaFi, Jon served as SVP, Head of Global Marketing and Americas Business Development at Salesforce. Prior to this, he served as BlackRock's EMEA CMO as well as the Global Head of Marketing for iShares.
Jon is the father of 3 boys and is an environmentalist, avid mountain biker, and touring musician. He is a strategic advisor for Humanitas Technologies and Ant Money and the founder of indie-eco record label Parks and Records.
Mr. Fee earned his M.B.A. from the University of San Francisco and a B.S. degree from Sonoma State University.
*Agenda is subject to change
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Yvonne Spicer for Mayor Campaign Names Co-Chairs for the Sprint to the Finish
Framingham Mayoral Candidate Yvonne Spicer announced today that Dr. Irwin Blumer and Erica Mash have joined her campaign team as Co-Chairs for the final stretch leading up to the general election on November 7, 2017.
"Irwin Blumer and Erica Mash know me well and they have also have earned tremendous respect in the community for all they have contributed to Framingham for many years. Having them on the leadership team to support me and serve on my campaign is a great honor," Spicer said. "Irwin and Erica will help lead community connection efforts during these next four weeks as we build on the tremendous momentum from a historic win in the September 26th preliminary election."
Dr. Irwin Blumer is often referred to as "Mr. Debby." He was married for 46 years to the late State Representative Deborah Blumer, and has been involved in the community since he came to Framingham in 1966. Dr. Blumer says he is "honored and humbled to be a point person for Yvonne's campaign. This is such an important election. Yvonne is a very bright, effective leader. She's a people person guided by integrity and she is an excellent listener. She incorporates diverse opinions in her decisions and is transparent about her thought process. Framingham is an important place – very different than the suburbs around us. I can see Yvonne energizing the entire city, bringing people together, making the most of all we have in this community, and successfully setting the stage for the future. I believe Yvonne will be the trusted leader Framingham needs to help realize our community's potential. She will truly be The People's Mayor."
Erica Mash said "I first met Yvonne years ago working at Framingham High School. When I heard of her from colleagues she was highly regarded for the quality of her work and her strong connections with students and their families. When I got to know her, I could see she was the 'real deal,' an honest, genuine human being and an experienced leader with a proven track record." Mash makes a point of saying that "Yvonne Spicer cares about people and solutions, not politics. I believe Yvonne is the Mayor we need to bring us through this transition to a city and to accomplish the beginning of real socio-economic betterment. I look forward to serving in this leadership role on the campaign. This is an important vote on November 7th. Our future is at stake and we have to get it right. I'll be giving my all to make that happen."
Erica Mash is a 30-year resident of Framingham. She and her husband raised their two daughters in Framingham. Erica's career included work in the Framingham Public Schools and working as a Columnist for the Middlesex Daily News. She volunteered for many years as a PTO President and Town Meeting Member. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Windham College in VT and her Master's degree from Upsala College in NJ. She resides in Framingham with her husband David who recently retired from Berklee College of Music.
Dr. Irwin Blumer is a retired, 50-year resident of Framingham. He and his late wife – State Representative Deborah Blumer raised their three children in Framingham. Irwin Blumer was a teacher, principal, assistant principal and superintendent of schools, and then taught aspiring principals and superintendents at the Graduate School of Education at Boston College.
Oct 14 – Voter Outreach


winnipeg has 30 or 31 murders this year , man newspapers sure arent good on their stats now a days !!!!
Yeah it was an old article from June 30 2011. They said they were getting one a week for a while. That really is horrible. A lot of it is tied to the trade run by the guess who.
If you read a lot of the stats on the Edmonton homicide rate you'd be alarmed to find not all of them have happened in 2011... some the bodies were found in 2011, when the death took place years earlier. Some of the deaths were at first deemed a homicide... then later confirmed not a homicide.
a wee bit inaccurate. edmonton is at 38 murders. none of which are tied to the Red and White.
A lot of the murders are tied to the drug trade with is directly tied to the Red and White. How about that girl who went missing that they were pimping? I do agree it has been going on for years and didn't just start happening in 2011.
Actually, a lot of the murders are because of drunken fights and husbands killing wives. Very few are tied to the drug trade.
Calgary on the other hand... they can't say the same... while they have significantly less murders (I believe they are at 5), has more to do with the drug trade.
I don't think that's anywhere close to being statistically accurate. I'll have to look into the numbers. Every media source is quoting the mayor and police chief in Edmonton discussing the huge homicide rate.
I'm running a bit behind but will have a look. I didn't mean tied to the drug trade like when Jonathon Bacon and Larry Amero were shot in Kelowna. I meant more of people under the influence of or lower level traffickers. That is an absolutely outrageous number to all be domestic disputes.
I guess what I was trying to say is most of them aren't gang related... like you see in Calgary and Vancouver. The people doing the killing may very well be under the influence of drugs... we'll never know until they are caught.
Most of them are tragically nothing more than a really bad decision when drunk or high. A couple years ago there was also the case of Giselle Valdez... she was murdered by her own boyfriend (she was like 16 or 17) for being in the wrong place at the wrong time... and he was tied into the drug world, but by all accounts she wasn't.
I think I'd totally agree the surge in homicides in Edmonton isn't the result of a drug turf war like in Vancouver or Winnipeg. The Hells Angels control all of it. I just think that drugs have been a factor. It is a huge number of homicides per capita that has been progressively increasing. Tragic.


I don't know how to start, but I didn't have the intent to write my farewell, since a lot of people I follow published their farewell, I decided to write one to encourage myself to do better things next year.
I didn't have a plan to achieve for 2018, so things happened in a random way.
Created my first golang library Rate Limit (here).
Created an Golang Alexa SDK (here).
I think that's all for 2019, I'm excited to see what will happen.


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Kirk began his career at Filice Insurance in the San Jose office as a Property & Casualty broker. He transitioned to the Health Insurance business in 2006 and has been serving the majority of our larger accounts managed out of the Folsom office since.
– I love sports, traditional and extreme. Of all the sports I've played I enjoyed ice hockey the most. It combines the speed, athleticism, vision, creativity, endurance, and teamwork that are required in many of my favorite sports, all in one.
– I surfed in Hawaii, climbed to the top of Yosemite, caught a Yellowfin Tuna deep sea fishing in Cabo, and hit a hole-in-one at Carmel Mountain Ranch Golf Course…not in the same day.
– Chocolate, peanut butter and ice cream…preferably all mixed together.
– Sports and anything you'd see in an REI commercial, well, almost anything.
– Self-reflection, including writing a bio.
– Baseball scout. I love to find diamonds in the rough.
– The people, the atmosphere, and of course, the flexibility.
– Fly a helicopter, in Hawaii.
– The hole in one was an accident, the shot just missed the green, kicked off the ridge, rolled 30 feet across the green and fell into the cup…but we still went crazy when it dropped!