text:
URL: /core/journals/robotica
Velocity performance indices for parallel mechanisms with actuation redundancy
Sébastien Krut, Olivier Company, François Pierrot
This paper analyses the concept of velocity isotropy for Parallel Mechanisms with Actuation Redundancy (PMAR). The limits of classical indices based on the Jacobean matrix condition number are shown. It is proposed to use either the largest ellipsoid included in the operational polytop, or the operational polytop itself, as better representations of a PMAR capabilities. The polytop is studied because it is actually the accurate representation of a machine capability, while the largest ellipsoid remains similar to the classical tool roboticists are dealing with for decades. Velocity performance indices are proposed, and the ways to compute them efficiently are given.
A modular object-oriented framework for hierarchical multi-resolution robot simulation
Sanghoon Yeo, Jinwook Kim, Sung Hee Lee, F. C. Park, Wooram Park, Junggon Kim, Changbeom Park, Intaeck Yeo
We describe the design and implementation of RSTATION, an object-oriented, modular robot simulator with hierarchical analysis capabilities. Modularity is achieved via the features of design encapsulation and enables grouping a set of interconnected components into a single component and dividing the robot system into several sets of subordinate modules recursively. By careful construction of the data types and classes, RSTATION allows for hierarchical simulation of the kinematics, and the dynamics at three levels: considering only main links (high-level), using simplified models including dynamic properties of transmission elements (intermediate level), and taking into account the detailed kinematics and dynamics of transmission elements (low-level). Submodules can be set to different resolution during a single simulation. The data types and classes also exploit a recent set of coordinate invariant robot analysis algorithms based on modern screw theory. Central to the low-level dynamic analysis capability is an algorithm for systematically extracting the constraint equations for general gearing systems. The various features of RSTATION are illustrated with a detailed case study of a commercial industrial robot.
Forward-model-based control system for robot manipulators
Rafael Osypiuk, Bernd Finkemeyer, Friedrich M. Wahl
Although numerous sophisticated nonlinear control algorithms exist in literature, it is still state of the art to use simple linear joint controllers in industrial robotic systems. Most nonlinear concepts are based on a more or less accurate inverse model of the robot. In this paper a forward-model-based control system, the so-called Model Following Control (MFC), for robot manipulators is presented. Its theoretical basics and its concept are explained. The quality and the applicability of the MFC control concept has been analyzed in many experiments. The MFC system is compared with classical linear controllers and nonlinear feedforward controllers with respect to robustness. Qualitative as well as quantitative results are presented and discussed.
Combined force and visual control of an industrial robot
Ricardo Carelli, Eduardo Oliva, Carlos Soria, Oscar Nasisi
This work proposes control structures that efficiently combine force control with vision servo control of robot manipulators. Impedance controllers are considered which are based both on visual servoing and on physical or fictitious force feedback, the force and visual information being combined in the image space. Force and visual servo controllers included in extended hybrid control structures are also considered. The combination of both force and vision based control allows the tasks range of the robot to be extended to partially structured environments. The proposed controllers, implemented on an industrial SCARA-type robot, are tested in tasks involving physical and virtual contact with the environment.
A real-time path planning approach without the computation of Cspace obstacles
Yongji Wang, Liu Han, Mingshu Li, Qing Wang, Jinhui Zhou, Matthew Cartmel
An important concept proposed in the early stage of robot path planning field is the shrinking of the robot to a point and meanwhile expanding of the obstacles in the workspace as a set of new obstacles. The resulting grown obstacles are called the Configuration Space (Cspace) obstacles. The find-path problem is then transformed into that of finding a collision free path for a point robot among the Cspace obstacles. However, the research experiences obtained so far have shown that the calculation of the Cspace obstacles is very hard work when the following situations occur: 1. both the robot and obstacles are not polygons and 2. the robot is allowed to rotate. This situation is even worse when the robot and obstacles are three dimensional (3D) objects with various shapes. Obviously a direct path planning approach without the calculation of the Cspace obstacles is strongly needed. This paper presents such a new real-time robot path planning approach which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one in the robotic community. The fundamental ideas are the utilization of inequality and optimization technique. Simulation results have been presented to show its merits.
Instantaneous kinematics and singularity analysis of three-legged parallel manipulators
Anjan Kumar Dash, I-Ming Chen, Song Huat Yeo, Guilin Yang
Instantaneous kinematics and singularity analysis of a class of three-legged, 6-DOF parallel manipulators are addressed in this paper. A generic method of derivation of reciprocal screw and consequently, the instantaneous kinematics model is presented. The advantage of this formulation is that the instantaneous kinematics model possesses well-defined geometric meaning and algebraic structure. Singularity analysis is performed under three categories, namely forward, inverse and combined singularities. A new concept of Passive Joint Plane is introduced to correlate the physical structure of the manipulator and these geometric conditions. In the inverse kinematic analysis, a new approach is introduced. At each leg end point a characteristic parallel- epiped is defined whose sides are the linear velocity components from three main joints of the leg. An inverse singularity occurs when the volume of this parallelepiped becomes zero. Examples are demonstrated using RRRS and RPRS-type parallel manipulators.
A simple technique for the autocalibration of stereo systems using the fundamental matrix
Cristian Acevedo, Andrés Guesalaga
This paper presents a method of autocalibrating a stereo system using the full parameterization of the fundamental matrix. The technique is an improvement of classical autocalibration methods that use corresponding points and it is aimed to reduce the number of processes required to achieve a satisfactory calibration. An analysis of the matching points used in the calibration process is carried out in order to select them based upon their quality or reliability. Using this technique, a significant reduction of the convergence errors in the calibration process is obtained.
Sensing characteristics of an optical three-axis tactile sensor under combined loading
Masahiro Ohka, Yasunaga Mitsuya, Yasuaki Matsunaga, Shuichi Takeuchi
This paper describes precision enhancement of an optical three-axis tactile sensor capable of detecting both normal force and tangential force. The sensor's single cell consists of a columnar feeler and 2-by-2 conical feelers. We have derived equations to precisely estimate the three-axis force from the area-sum and area-difference of the conical feelers' contact areas by taking into account wrench-length shrinkage caused by a vertical force. To evaluate the equations and determine constants included in the equations, we performed a series of calibration experiments using a manipulator-mounted tactile sensor and a combined load-testing machine. Subsequently. to evaluate the tactile sensor's practicality. it was mounted on the end of a robotic manipulator which rubbed flat specimens such as brass plates with step-heights of δ=0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mm and a brass plate with no step-height. We showed from the experimental data that the optical three-axis tactile sensor can detect not only the step-heights but also the distribution of the coefficient of friction, and that the sensor can detect fine plate inclination with accuracy to about ±0.4°.
On interacting with physics-based models of graphical objects
Shahram Payandeh, John Dill, Zhu Liang Cai
Enhancing graphical objects whose behaviors are governed by the laws of physics is an important requirement in modeling virtual physical environments. In such environments, the user can interact with graphical objects and is able to either feel the simulated reaction forces through a physical computer interface such as a force feedback mouse or through such interactions, objects behave in a natural way. One of the key requirements for such interaction is determination of the type of contact between the user controlled object and the objects representing the environment. This paper presents an approach for reconstructing the contact configuration between two objects. This is accomplished through usage of the time history of the motion of the approaching objects for inverse trajectory mapping of polygonal representation. In the case of deformable objects and through usage of mass-spring-damper system this paper also presents a special global filter that can map the local deformation of an object to the adjacent vertices of polygonal mesh. In addition to offering a fast computational framework, the proposed method also offers more realistic representation of the deformation. The results of this paper are shown through detailed examples and comparison analysis using different computational platforms.
The principle of superposition in human prehension
Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, Mark L. Latash, Fan Gao, Jae Kun Shim
The experimental evidence supports the validity of the principle of superposition for multi-finger prehension in humans. Forces and moments of individual digits are defined by two independent commands: "Grasp the object stronger/weaker to prevent slipping" and "Maintain the rotational equilibrium of the object". The effects of the two commands are summed up.
Computer-assisted robotic tiling of mosaics
Ali Oral, Fehmi Erzincanlı
This paper describes the development of a system that is capable of tiling mosaics using a robot according to requirements of the individual customer. The art of mosaic, in one form or another, has been practiced manually for thousands of years. Modern developments in materials and production techniques could be found as evidence that mosaic is very much alive in the new millennium. It is very costly and also difficult to find skilful people to tile mosaic. Therefore a computer-assisted robotic system has been constructed and applied. To activate the system a particular algorithm has been developed and successfully applied on an available SCARA robot.


As we will no longer be attending Doll and Craft shows, we will continue to sell from this website under the conditions outlined below.
Chessington Products specialise in the reproduction of porcelain half dolls, French Petite, Millette and a selection of larger dolls together with a number of accessories. Many of the half dolls displayed in this website are made from our private collection with others produced from commercial moulds.
We hope you find this site user friendly. Our Private Collection half dolls are now shown combined with their beaded skirts where applicable. The details of the doll sizes and the materials needed for the skirts are all shown together. Where the commercial dolls have our designed beaded skirts, these are displayed in a similar way in their section.
Postage, insurance and handling costs, dependent on destination, are additional to the published prices.
Goods ordered will be mailed upon receipt of payment by PayPal, cheque or Money Order for purchasers within Australia. Cheques and money orders should be made payable to KEYVONT PTY LTD. Our PayPal address/account is also in the name of KEYVONT PTY LTD.
We ship worldwide upon payment by PayPal only.
Click on PayPal link below to make payment.


Small law firm in Boca Raton has an opening for a corporate/transactional legal assistant with 3+ years of experience. Previous experience in healthcare is a plus. Must be proficient with MS Office applications. Great opportunity to work in casual environment. Email confidential resumes to ayleen@thelegalgroup.net for immediate consideration.


Never lose control of your account's performance trend, by keeping a tight pulse on the direction of every ad group's performance. Completely automate the monitoring process in determining performance trends on Google Ads accounts with the PPCnerd Weekly Performance Monitor script. Designed for both individual and manager (MCC) accounts.
Monitors weekly ad group performance based on specified core metric and determines the performance trend direction (declining or increasing).
Option to specify the core metric (impressions, clicks, CTR, conversions, ad spend) in determining the performance trend direction of each ad group.
Option to specify the length of performance trend for up to 4 weeks prior.
Sends an email summary with complete list of all ad group performance trends to any nominated email addresses.
Download this script instantly now. Includes automatic feature updates. Recommended to run this script weekly for maximum automated monitoring of account performance trend directions.


text:
Lost Worlds
Peter Partner
Placeways: A Theory of the Human Environment
by Eugene Victor Walter
University of North Carolina Press, 253 pp., $10.95 (paper)
The Architecture of Exile
by Stanley Tigerman
Rizzoli, 192 pp., $35.00
The Idea of a Town: The Anthropology of Urban Form in Rome, Italy and the Ancient World
by Joseph Rykwert
MIT Press, 242 pp., $15.00 (paper)
All three books under review, though each in a quite different way, are concerned with man's loss of a religious attitude toward his environment. They seem to imply that the end of the old cosmologies and the weakening of the old religions have deprived us of the power to situate ourselves in relation to the moving forces of the universe. Losing hold on man's place in the cosmos has had, they say, disintegrating effects on the way we make our local habitats. According to Joseph Rykwert, "We have lost all the beautiful certainty about the way the world works." For him this has had especially deplorable results for our cities, which have lost the religious defenses against disorder and squalor enjoyed by their predecessors in the ancient world. He sees the religious and cultural traditions that preserved the buildings and cities of ancient and medieval civilization as irreparably destroyed:
The arbitrary forms thrown up by harassed planners and architects are evolved on an irrational residue, motivated by unstated spiritual as well as aesthetic prejudice whose very irrationality contributes further to the instability of the community.
E.V. Walter holds the more optimistic position that "the archaic way of seeing, thinking and caring is not lost," although he thinks that science, and especially social science, has gone a long way toward destroying it. Stanley Tigerman, the most pessimistic of the three, and the closest to revealed religion, is gloomy about our prospects for recovering spiritual health. He thinks that the kind of search for origins that the other two authors have pursued is doomed to failure, and that the only way forward is through scrupulous, devout attention to biblical texts. Or so I interpret his message, which is put in language that I find far from clear.
E.V. Walter's Placeways is the most attractive and accessible of the three books under review, although the philosophy on which its conclusions are based is hard to accept in detail. Walter discusses prehistoric caves, Renaissance cities, and modern slums, among many other places, all by way of expounding a "holistic" theory of the way people authentically experience the places they live. He maintains that
in ordinary life, some people still do grasp a place as a whole through a balanced experience of intellect, common sense, feeling, and imagination. Our technical languages, however, do not express the unity and coherence of this holistic experience, which gets factored away by geography, local history, architecture, city planning, sociology, environmental psychology, and so forth. Fragmenting the experience of place in the abstractions of the special disciplines reinforces the split between our methods of feeling and our methods of thinking. It also spoils the human environment, vitiating our ability to build and inhabit good houses, communities, and cities, because the conventional ways of thinking about houses and urban space do not grasp the reality of places as wholes.
He tends to identify this process of fragmentation with the intellectual inheritance of Aristotle, and he wants to offer the reader a Platonist antidote.
The kind of "environmental degradation" that especially concerns Walter is the loss of meaning that he finds in conventional thinking about town and country planning. "For the first time in human history, people are systematically building meaningless places." For Walter, feeling and imagination are at the core of the way in which we apprehend "topistic reality," or what might be called the nature and characteristics of places. He aims to correct our approach to the environment through a mental integrity that balances intellect, common sense, and imagination. He rejects the intellectual assumptions of social science and its idiom of "social problems," which seem to him mere "graveyards of inert ideas." He criticizes people who have a merely manipulative approach to the environment, and regard it at best as an organism that must be made to serve their needs, and who fail to take account of the interdependence and interpenetration of things that together confer their individual nature upon a place.
Walter's book tries to offer a point of view and a vocabulary ("theoretical resources") to people who are seeking a new way to look at the built environment and the natural (as he calls it) landscape. He especially commends to them the sense of place he attributes to archaic cultures, from that of the paleolithic artists of the French and Spanish caves to the dream world of the Australian aborigines. However, ancient Greece is his central reference point, and the core of his argument is that Plato, as he interprets him, believed places to contain a complex of immanent powers and energies. Wherever he touches on Plato, he emphasizes the elements in Plato's thought that insist that the apprehension of truth needs qualities that are not primarily intellectual.
Walter's treatment of Plato's theory of knowledge, an austere subject, is not quite rigorous enough to carry conviction. It is, for example, very hard to identify in the Phaedrus the full-blown doctrine of the affective energy of sacred places that he sees in it. Walter also sees Aristotelianism not only in a hostile but in a rather fluffy manner. To make Aristotle's philosophy the single parent of Newtonian physics and modern science is too loose for a philosophical argument, and too much in the spirit of William Blake's taking the bad angel into a stinking pit containing the moldy skeleton of Aristotle's Analytics. Some people may assent to Walter's doctrine of the immanent energies of places, but it is hard to see how they could be persuaded by his philosophical argument alone.
As a critic of urban life Walter is in the tradition of Lewis Mumford, and therefore in the tradition of Ruskin and Carlyle. He seems drawn to the Victorian sentimentalism about the Middle Ages and would like to see it revived. Still, to judge from the way he cites a modern study of an Anglo-Saxon industrial slum in Thetford, he is uneasily aware that the Victorian myth of the Middle Ages was founded on fictions that no self-respecting modern medievalist would tolerate. He reproduces an engraving by Pugin, that prince of visual romancers, of a "medieval alms house." Neither Pugin nor Walter mentions that the Pugin's alms house is an idealized representation of the Hospital of St. Cross at Winchester, still less do they remark that Cardinal Beaufort's refoundation of the hospital was not for the indigent poor but for distressed gentlefolk.
Walter also follows Mumford in praising the social equality reflected in the topography of medieval cities, in which rich and poor were not usually segregated into different quarters. It is true that the quarters of medieval cities often owed their identities either to the region of origin or to the trades of their inhabitants, or to the powerful family that dominated them; apart from those in newly cleared thoroughfares, the rich were not clearly separated from the poor. But it must be added that the big housing groups, often like small villages, in which the rich lived were literally fortified against the rest of the city (in Italy they were often "towers," in London "castles"). Great displays of civic solidarity were made for the big religious festivals, but most medieval cities were as cozy socially as rattraps, as can be verified from reading Dante about Florence. Walter's apology that "hatred and repugnance added meaning to the texture of daily interaction" is feeble.
Medieval societies were not kind to the poor, as Walter thinks; they were harsh and often cruel. In Henry II's England wandering men were mutilated and exiled even if found innocent of crime. Walter shows too much indulgence for medieval conditions, ignoring the frequency of internecine feuds and claustrophobic squalor. He manages, in a long discussion of plague in medieval cities, which were thereby rendered "bad places," to disregard the fact that plague often killed as high a proportion of the population in the countryside as in the towns. The hideous and frequent combination of famine and epidemic that affected these old societies, known to modern historians as "demographic crisis," seems to have passed Walter by, along with other things that do not fit with the rosy Victorian-socialist view of the old order.
Though Walter makes mistakes, they are warmhearted ones. He sometimes wins over the reader by his very inconsistencies; for example, having gone to Manchester, the historical seat of the wicked industrial city stigmatized by Engels, Walter fell in love with the enemy. Poor old Manchester of the 1970s, its industries gone, its heart bombed out, its low-grade housing being demolished in favor of concrete boxes—all this inspired affection in Walter, not contempt; and even a protective love of the brokendown neighborhoods that the planners were then busy in leveling. I suspect that Walter would approve of the conduct of a bright student I have heard of at the prestigious Manchester Business School, who quit his courses and went to live in the ruinous Moss Side nearby, where practically no one had a job within a radius of two miles.
Walter's feeling for the particularity of places, for what he calls their "expressive space," is impressive and convincing. His peculiar gift is not to suggest or to describe places, but to stimulate thought about the manner in which we conceive them. He writes:
Once, standing in a crowded lift inside the Manchester Central Reference Library, I heard one passenger ask another, "What is Crimble?" The other replied, "Crimble is a place—a place in the world." The world and its places, I mused. I never did discover Crimble, but the fragment of conversation served as a catalyst. What could one say about Crimble, I wondered, or about any other place, to describe it, capture its qualities, and reveal its meaning? The dialogue in the lift set me thinking about the world and its places, and how we represent them. For some reason that still puzzles me, my whole self tuned in to the whole experience of Manchester, communicated by the living and the dead, expressed in its streets, buildings, and people, as well as in the old books, maps, and pictures. The images of Manchester that flooded my consciousness are not private fantasies. I did not invent them. They inhabit the collective imagination.
Walter's feeling for space is justified by a Platonic realism that is hard to swallow; but his argument for a total, personal response to places has deep roots in our culture, and is hard to reject out of hand. It is true that a large part of our lives is taken up by the emotions we feel for places, either as we know them or as we remember them. He is quite right in saying that by ignoring these feelings common to all, social scientists and urban planners make new wildernesses in our cities. Walter's message is broadly conservationist and populist: he insists that we should not demolish what is old, ugly, or run-down, if ordinary people live there and are happy there. How he wants to handle the more prosperous parts of town is much less clear, though redevelopment is clearly not his favorite word.
Walter seems unaware that a large part of modern literature testifies in his favor. It is unlikely that such a cultivated writer is really so innocent of poetry and fiction; perhaps the vastness of the subject made him ignore it, especially since the scope of his book is quite big enough as it is. But it would, for example, be difficult to find any writer with a stronger sense of place than Dickens, the Jeremiah of the city and the poet of its suburbs. The desolate riverside landscape of Victorian London, its squalid criminalized "rookeries," Bleeding Heart Yard, the terrifying city grave-pits spilling out their half-buried dead—these are balanced by Dickens with suburban idylls, by the child-wife Dora's incompetent ménage in Kentish Town, by Mr. Wemmick's aged parent in the little house with parapet and drawbridge. Walter's chapters on "sick" places, "ominous" places, and the "energies" of places could all be illustrated from Dickens.
Places as defined by Walter's philosophical realism are, of course, different from the places recalled by imaginative writers, which are fully known only in memory. That we dream of places we have never seen, and that our minds are filled with places we knew, but no longer exist as we remember them, Walter is aware of but does not emphasize. In Proust's great novel there are three Norman towns called Balbec: first, the one the narrator dreamed of as a boy, with its Gothic-Romanesque cathedral, half-oriental (from the echoes of Syrian Baalbek), but swathed in Atlantic fog and mist; then the town he knew as a young man, the luminous, worldly watering place with its frieze of ambiguous maidens; then the place remembered in later life, the shifting seascape which he perpetually interrogates about a lost, dead, distrusted love. Proust knew that a philosophy of place has to contain a philosophy of reminiscence.
In Stanley Tigerman's book the place dreamed of fills almost the entire imaginative space. The Architecture of Exile, although written by an architect and full of plans and drawings, has more to do with the religious understanding of exile than with architecture. It tries to combine Jewish and Christian theology, biblically inspired architectural fantasies, and theological interpretations of some buildings constructed with religious motives in mind and of others that were not. The result is an unsatisfactory book.
The problem does not lie in the structuralist method Tigerman chose: it is easy to see that semiotic treatment of key biblical texts is an attractive way to try to get a new understanding of their meaning, especially when the biblical signs are considered as visual as well as linguistic stimuli. The trouble is that Tigerman has published something more like the rough notes for a book than like a properly finished text. In the acknowledgments there is a reference to the "coalesced state in which the text now resides": I wish that it had come together more happily. The author prefers unsubstantiated assertion to argument. For example: "Knowledge is connected with finitude, and is not important in the search to return to paradise. Simplistic thought of the kind apparent in Eden, however, will no longer be possible in a world devoted to renewal through knowledge." How is "simplistic thought" "apparent" in Eden? Perhaps we can say that an earthly paradise implies simplicity, but is that the same as "simplistic thought," and in what special way is such thought "apparent" in the biblical description of Eden? The conversations that took place there were not very fully reported. How does Tigerman know any of the things he asserts in this passage?
The obscurities in Tigerman's text are not all his own. It is full of long, involved quotations from theorists of language and religion, which he explains to the reader only partly or not at all. The meanings he attributes to artifacts and buildings, and the descriptions he attaches to them, are sometimes inaccurate, misleading, or wildly wrong. All this is to be regretted, since some of the ideas in the book are interesting.
That we walk as aliens and exiles in a land where man once dwelt as a native and spoke familiarly with God is an idea common to Judaism and Christianity, and basic to Tigerman's book. His thesis seems to be that man seeks to return to the Eden he lost by his first disobedience. He does so either by somehow seeing through the biblical texts and finding God's original instructions, or by disregarding the earlier rebellion, and trying to make a new earthly paradise in which man will be reunited with God without divine guidance.
Tigerman sees Solomon's building of the Temple as a sort of nationalist act of defiance against God's wish for his people to give his Word absolute precedence over all other religious expressions. Tigerman comments that "it was not the will of God not to allow the Jews to construct a Temple in which to worship Him; it was His will not to dwell in such a structure." Solomon placed the ark of the covenant in a Temple that had too much in common with the temples of the heathen. Tigerman's book is mainly concerned not with nostalgia for Eden (though he speaks of this), but with nostalgia for the lost Temple that ceased to exist over two-and-a-half millennia ago. The appearance and dimensions of Solomon's Temple are described in three only partly compatible biblical versions (I Kings, 5–7 and II Chronicles, 2–7; Ezekiel, 40–43). Tigerman relates somewhat repetitively the speculations of those who since the Middle Ages have tried to reconstruct the appearance of the vanished Temple, and, sometimes, of its distant successor, the Temple of Herod, constructed in the first century BC.
From Richard of St. Victor and Maimonides through seventeenth-century architects and divines (including Isaac Newton), through rows of obscure Bible commentators and biblically obsessed architects, Tigerman lists the theories and reproduces the drawings of the Temple; he ends by offering in an appendix the Temple reconstructions of his own architecture students. The effect is somewhat numbing. Like many who are taken with signs, Tigerman ends by treating one sign as just as good as another. When he led me to the Temple speculations of the American architects of the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial, I felt the return of the gloom that used to settle over me years ago, when I was studying different versions of the metaphorical Temple of the Freemasons. That the Temple Mount in Jerusalem is actually a place on the earth's surface, incidentally, does not seem to interest Tigerman; he makes no substantial reference to its archaeology, or to its present visual appearance. In Walter's terms, Tigerman has no sense of place at all.
Tigerman has interesting things to say about what he sees as the effects of man's alienation from God on classical, medieval, and Renaissance architecture. He views the medieval monasteries as examples of displacement of the true religious center of the buildings from God's altar to the cloister, which he thinks ought to be peripheral. Benedictines would perhaps reply that they do the work of God before his altar in choir, in church, where they participate in the divine sacrifice and repeat the Psalter and the Office. But the criticism provokes thought. Tigerman throughout the book contrasts the metaphorical nature of Christian thought with the very different, much more literal and concrete nature of rabbinical thought, and his book is, perhaps, more than anything else a contribution to the relations between the two religions.
When he comes to the Renaissance the ahistorical element in Tigerman's thought prevails. He can be forgiven for thinking that Renaissance men were fully conscious that they were such, when they certainly were not. But in treating Renaissance architecture as basically irreligious, he is rejecting the academic achievement of modern Renaissance scholarship and returning to the ill-informed common-places of the Victorians. Fifty years ago the great art historian Rudolf Wittkower wrote that Renaissance architecture was not an architecture of pure form, but was "based on a hierarchy of values culminating in the absolute values of sacred architecture." Wittkower's explanation of the religious symbolism of centralized Renaissance churches is one of the basic texts of what is still a great academic tradition. I find it odd that Tigerman should not bother to debate with this tradition, but behave as if it had never existed.
The treatment of detail in Tigerman's book is wretched. He begins poorly with four illustrations, only one of which is accurately described, and not one of which has anything to do with the Garden of Eden, which they are supposed to illustrate.* Things are not always so bad, but it seems a pity that a book apparently inspired in the first place by a conversation with the distinguished Bernini scholar Irving Lavin should contain an illustration captioned "Pietro Bernini's two columns on [sic] the baldacchino at St. Peter's, Rome." The columns are by Gianlorenzo Bernini, and not by his father, Pietro; it would also be an odd baldacchino that stood on two columns. But the reason for the strange caption is Tigerman's obsessive concern that every possible fragment of evidence should be made to refer to the Solomonic columns, "Jachin" and "Boaz," which stood in front of the Temple. The evidence is stretched in an arbitrary and tendentious way. Tigerman describes Holbein's drawing of the "device" of the great Renaissance scholar Erasmus, which shows Terminus, the Roman god of boundaries, as containing a "guillotine," suspended between "the two columns deriving from Jachin and Boaz." How Tigerman knows that they are so derived is mysterious, as mysterious as the presence of a guillotine predating the French Revolution by over two centuries. Erasmus's device (Tigerman fails to mention that it is his) also contained a motto in Greek, "Keep the end of a long life in view," and Tigerman's "guillotine" was probably a vacant caption left for the later insertion of the Greek characters. The contempt with which Tigerman seems, by omission, to treat humanistic scholarship is disturbing.
No such reproach can be leveled against Joseph Rykwert, a learned, witty, allusive writer and architect who called attention some years ago to a good many of the subjects and sources used later by Walter and Tigerman. Probably his most influential book is not the one under review, which first came out in 1976 and has now been reissued in a paperback edition, but On Adam's House in Paradise, an essay on the primitive hut in architectural history published in 1972. This was an impressive and often scintillating venture in the history of ideas, which could not have been undertaken by anyone with a less than excellent knowledge of the Western cultural tradition from the classical period to the present.
Rykwert pointed out the three examples, for architects, of ideal constructions in the Scriptures: Noah's ark, the tabernacle in the desert (which had been taken up by Le Corbusier in 1926), and the Temple in Jerusalem. He also drew attention to what was at that time a neglected episode in architectural history, the reconstruction of Solomon's Temple in drawings by the sixteenth-century Spanish Jesuit Juan Bautista Villalpando (an episode discussed at length by Tigerman). But the liveliest and most interesting part of On Adam's House in Paradise was its fine, though controversial, exposition of eighteenth-century ideas on nature and primitive man in their application to architecture.
The main part of the more recent The Idea of a Town is a study in classical archaeology. Rykwert analyzes the religious rites used by Romans to celebrate the founding of towns and their origins in earlier Etruscan traditions of augury. He intends "to give some idea of what the ancients thought and felt about their towns, and how these ideas related to their general conception of the world, the dead and the immortals." Rykwert does not shirk technical and complex issues, or contested ones such as the relations of the Etruscans with Asia Minor. One suspects that his temerity may get him into trouble with the classical historians. His subject takes him to the center of the Western classical world, to the vestal sanctuary, the mundus or foundation ditch, and to the Palatine huts belonging to the origins of Rome. He sees Roman grid planning not as a utilitarian device but as an inheritance from primitive religious customs. He also supposes that an Etruscan grid plan provided a precedent for Roman builders, though his evidence for this is controversial.
Rykwert's book is not, however, primarily intended for the readers of the Journal of Roman Studies. It is a book with a thesis intended to influence the way we look at cities now. To Rykwert the foundation of an ancient town meant the acting out of a dramatic show of the creation of the world, a show that was then literally built into the plan of the town, whose axes had to be aligned with those attributed to the universe. This cosmic drama had subsequently to be repeated in the recurrent religious festivals that reminded the inhabitants of the religious sanctions that lay behind the town's communal life. This was not, according to Rykwert, just a characteristic of Roman life that has affected its successor civilizations, but a powerful connection between a cosmic sense of creation and the places people live in that is to be found in human societies in all parts of the world. This sense of connection "must have roots in the biological structure of man," and "must receive support in the formal movement of natural recurrence: day and night, the phases of the moon, the seasons, the changes of the night sky."
By generalizing the argument to this extent, by assimilating Roman towns to Bororo, Hausa, and Tiwi villages, Rykwert is asserting a form of primitivism, a sort of Rousseauism that (it would be fair to add) he shares with Lévi-Strauss, although he has no use for Lévi-Strauss's structuralist methods. Rykwert thinks, as so many modern men have thought, that urban life is "a parasitical form of existence, a form of social disease." The reassertion of "traditional" cultural values (he adopts the adjective "traditional," regrettably, from the French mystical writer René Guénon) could, he thinks, revive us. He makes his dislike for the rationalizing individualism of urban life plain by a striking discussion of Freud's lectures on hysteria, in which Freud took as an analogy of hysterical behavior the conduct of someone who was moved to deep melancholy by Edward I's monument to Queen Eleanor at Charing Cross in London, or who sobbed in the presence of the monument to the Great Fire of London of 1666.
Rykwert's book is subtitled "The Anthropology of Urban Form in Rome, Italy and the Ancient World," and the use he makes of anthropological method is vital to its argument. Its weakness is that he draws on quite different kinds of sources for the anthropology of different cultures. The archaeological evidence he uses for Roman and Etruscan life has its own historiographical method and tradition. But as soon as he leaves the classical world to look for parallels elsewhere, he uses entirely different, and to my mind heterogeneous, methods. He has gone shopping around the primitive and not-so-primitive cultures of the world, selecting religious rites that look comparable. Hindu instructions for the founding of temples are taken from ancient religious writings; what actually happened when a Hindu temple was built is left obscure. Leo Frobenius—not a writer much in favor with modern anthropologists—is cited at length for the buildings and customs of a barbaric "Mande" tribe in West Africa, which cannot even be confidently identified as having existed. They certainly were not the cheerful Mende who looked after me in Sierra Leone in 1944. Rykwert's next witness is, rather amazingly in view of his different anthropological perspective, Lévi-Strauss on the Bororo. The building customs of different peoples are reported in different ways; and the discussion is moved abruptly from African peoples to ancient China, with no particular attention given to China's vastly different historical background. It is a worryingly unequal procedure.
The model for this combination of anthropology, history, and myth can only be James Frazer's The Golden Bough, and Rykwert's book is open to all the objections made against that great but probably mistaken work. The parallels between the building rites of different cultures and civilizations at various historical periods are striking, but the room for misunderstanding and distortion is large. To accommodate the immense range of reference the terms used to generalize get more and more stretched, and the sexual symbolism of town foundation rites, which is treated cautiously when Rykwert is talking about the classical world, starts to take over. Since the time of Durkheim early in this century anthropologists have been questioning the adequacy of the principle of cosmic order, on which Rykwert seems to depend, to explain social organization, and they have been looking for other, more powerful explanatory concepts. Rykwert's book recalls not only Frazer, but some of the other nineteenth-century writers on myth, legend, and language; he sometimes seems sympathetic to Bachofen's idea of the Great Mother as the presiding cultural influence of Western civilization, before she was displaced.
All three books under review show that places live different lives in the imagination from the ones we find in textbooks on "urbanism." The authors deal with powerful symbolic patterns that can grip people's minds and fill their imaginations in quite unexpected ways. Anyone skeptical of Rykwert's claim for the perennial authority of building foundation rites should read or reread Goethe's Elective Affinities, in which the apparently eccentric foundation ceremonies of a new house exert a sinister, symbolic force over human destinies; the image turned up again recently in the film Heimat. Tigerman's pursuit of Temple fantasies may at times seem rather off balance, but the history of Freemasonry shows how powerful are the dreams he is playing with.
That we in the West live in a cold, godless society that is indifferent to the sacred and excludes it from our environment is not quite so evident to me as it seems to be to these authors. Only a century and a half ago, the more or less godly founding fathers of innumerable townships in the United States were as a matter of course building places of worship in their new habitats, and the meaning of religious buildings to the local communities may not be quite as dead today as is sometimes implied, however ugly or coarse many would find the promotion of popular religion now. I also wonder what the revival of ancient cult sites and the growth of new ones, which Walter seems to want, would really mean. The British have some idea of what might be involved from the annual scramble of Druids and hippies for the midsummer possession of Stonehenge. Walter remarks on a British police notice at Stonehenge: "DRUIDS ONLY PAST THIS POINT." If bureaucratizing new religious cults is one of the ways forward, I would prefer to avoid it.
More by Peter Partner
The Dangers of Divinity
The Rebirth of Beirut
In Saddam's Arms
Peter Partner's books include Arab Voices and The Pope's Men: The Papal Service in the Renaissance. His new book, God of Battles: Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam, has been published in the United Kingdom. (February 1998)
He claims that the illustrations show conjectures about the nature of Eden, but they seem at best to be vaguely connected with gardens, and never connected with Eden. The first shows God measuring the universe, and not God measuring "the universe (Eden?)," as is stated in the text. The title of the second is "the cubit presented as divine measurement," which is odd, since it shows a cube (the mathematical figure) and not a cubit (the biblical measure). This illustration includes buildings that cannot belong to Eden. The third is a mosaic once in St. Peter's, called in the text "the birth of Christ in a metaphorical garden"; however, the upper subject is Christ enthroned between St. Peter and St. Paul, and the lower subject has no connection with Eden. The fourth is accurately titled, but still has nothing to do with Eden. ↩
R. Scott Appleby and John T. McGreevy
Catholics, Muslims, and the Mosque
M.I. Finley
Back to Atlantis
J.F. Staal
Cambodia: Sanskrit Inscriptions
July 2, 1970 issue
Hannah Arendt: An Interview
Independent People

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Kinetic Motion
About Kinetic Motion
Ashley Halsey has competed in triathlon and duathlon at every distance, and has represented the United States as a member of Team USA at seven world championship events in the two sports. As a cyclist he has competed in criteriums, time trials and stage races. Ashley is certified as a Level 2 coach by USATriathlon and as an Ironman Coach. He also is certified by USAT to coach youth and junior athletes. In cycling, he is certified as a Level 2 coach by USACycling and is a USACycling certified skills instructor. He also has earned a certification to coach running from the Road Runners Club of America.
Bill Fader has competed in triathlon at every distance from sprint to Ironman. He's also an accomplished mountain bike racer and he has a penchant for taking on endurance races that mix the elements of triathlon in extraordinary and challenging combinations. A USAT certified coach, Bill's forte is nurturing novice triathletes who are eager to elevate their performance.
Harry King is a veteran triathlete and cyclist, and a former collegiate football player. He has competed successfully in every triathlon distance and in the Tour of the Battenkill bike race. He is certified as a coach by USATriathlon and Ironman. He also holds a certification in DVRT strength training. He develops training plans for a broad range of athletes, from beginners to seasoned Ironman-distance athletes.
Jeff Lancaster has finished 17 full-distance Ironman triathlons and numerous 70.3 races as well as myriad shorter distances. Since taking up the sport more than a decade ago competed in triathlon at every distance from sprint to Ironman. In 2017, he competed in the Ironman World Championship in Kona. Both Ironman and USATriathlon have certified him as a coach.
Steve Ruck has been matching people to the right bike for road racing, triathlon and mountain biking for more than two decades. An accomplished bike racer on both the road and mountain bikes, Steve has channeled his passion for cycling into providing some of the best bike brands in the Mid-Atlantic region through the business he founded, Bike Doctor. Discerning cyclists who realize that speed is not obtained through aerodynamics alone have turned to Steve to help them become faster and more comfortable on their bicycles. Steve has made it a point to annually undergo extensive training in fitting, fit methodology, and biomechanics from several of the industries most regarded fit instructors. Drawing on this training, extensive industry experience, and attention to detail, Steve has successfully fit thousands of cyclists from the novice who is just starting out to the dedicated Cat 1 (pro-level) athlete. Steve is certified as a fit specialist through Retul, Fit Institute Slowtwitch, Trek, and Fit Kit fit systems. Speed Studio, his state-of-the-art bike fit studio, is located in Arnold.
Ryan Morrissey - Director of Personal Training Ryan is a former Anne Arundel County all-star basketball player who went on to play for Western Maryland College while earning a degree in exercise science. He began his career as a personal trainer while in college and went on to work at general fitness facilities and performance training companies. For four years, he served as personal training director at Gold's Gym. He has worked with athletes of all ages to increase their performance, help prevent injuries and improve health. He has worked with athletes of all ages to increase their performance, help prevent injuries and improve health. He is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, a certified Sports Performance Coach and he is certified as a personal trainer by the National Academy of Sports Medicine.
Brenda Shaeffer - Sports Physical Therapist Brenda has a doctorate in physical therapy and has been working with athletes for more than 30 years. She specializes in injury prevention and in treatment for sport and orthopedic issues. A former elite gymnast and coach, she is a researcher, lecturer and regular writer on sports performance and injury. After performing a thorough physical assessment, Brenda creates a sport-relevant treatment and performance program using a variety of techniques including; restoration of movement through manual therapy, biomechanical retraining, exercise, ergonomic modifications, orthotics and sensory-motor training.
Deepak Patel - Travel Coordinator Deepak delivers athletes to the starting lines of their dreams. For more than 25 years he has worked to develop travel plans for athletes who want to travel to races around the nation and around the globe. He's been trusted by scores of Team USA athletes bound for world championship events. He sets the standard for travel and accommodations for Kona qualifiers, and he will do the same for athletes bound for more than two dozen major events. Deepak takes the worry out of travel, planning air travel, arranging transfers to and from airports, and booking accommodations within walking distance of the starting line. Deepak is fluent in English, Arabic, Italian and Hindi. He holds bachelor's degrees in chemical engineering and business administration.
Home | About | Upcoming Events | Coaching | Blog | Pace Calculator | Spotlight | Contact Kinetic Motion
© 2010 Kinetic Motion. All Rights Reserved.


It's Friday of week 4, the halfway point of Hilary Term, which means we are also halfway through Core IV: Science and Public Policy. I'm sure our first cohort of MPP students would agree that the last four weeks have been both exciting and engaging.
Core IV began with a philosophical class from Antony Eagle on science and the nature of knowledge, where the important factors that influence scientists and science itself were explored. This was followed by an enormously interesting discussion of ethics of human enhancement led by Julian Savulescu, and a screening of the film Gattaca, where inequality is rife in a future world of genetic enhancement.
A series of classes looking at issues broadly related to health followed. We were privileged to have Sir Walter Bodmer speak on topics of genetics, cancer, and the public understanding of science and Sir Richard Peto discuss the scientific discoveries and interventions that have led to large decreases in infant mortality, and the potential to decrease adult morbidity and mortality in the future. Devi Sridhar picked up where Sir Richard finished, outlining how global and public health is governed and financed, and how the data used to influence these is gathered and analyzed. Most recently Angela McLean has taken the class on a tour of infectious disease, including the spread of pathogens, vaccination, drug resistance, and the role of mathematical models in informing health policy.
For the last few weeks, students have also been working in groups to research important science policy issues, such as water and food security, regulation of nanotechnology, and geoengineering. Each groups has been paired with a working scientist, and so far it seems both the students and scientists are learning a great deal from each other.
Over the next four weeks we will have classes focusing on the environment, where energy, climate change, and biodiversity will all be discussed in the context of public policy. We also look forward to welcoming Nobel laureate Sir John Sulston, who will speak on People and the Planet and our panel of science policy experts, Lord Robert May, Lord John Krebs, and David Clary.


Macs Discount Glass is a top-rated glass repair company now serving Antelope, California, for window and glass repair services. The company is announcing a new location update.
We are excited to open our new location for window glass repair services to residents of Antelope, CA.
Mac's Discount Glass (http://www.macsdglass.com), a top-rated window and glass repair company operating in Antelope, California, is proud to announce the launch of the new location near North Highlands, California. The company has also updated its website information page to explain window glass repair for the residents of Antelope and environs.
"We are excited to open our new location for window glass repair services to residents of Antelope, CA," explains Lee McNabb, co-owner of Mac's Discount Glass. "We have been repairing windows for over 17 years, and the company has been around for over 20+ years. Our new location is proof of our aggressive growth strategy. In addition, we have deployed a wealth of information on our website explaining the services and cities that we provide window glass repair and window screen service. The website will be a great way to communicate to the residents."
Nowadays, people want a synergy between the website and the real world locations. For that reason, Mac's Discount Glass is aggressively working on how to integrate its website with its new locations. The latest addition to the company's network is its Antelope, California, location. Accordingly, the company is updating the online information as follows.
Residents with a need for glass repair in Antelope are encouraged to visit the website for window glass repair services, and specifically should check out the new window repair landing page http://www.macsdglass.com/cities/. Antelope, for example, can be found at http://www.macsdglass.com/glass-installation-antelope-ca/. The new website strategy has information specific city pages illustrating that the company service availabilities. Each page is indicative of the company's local strategy: residents of the city of Antelope and the surrounding cities can read pages that give information of on glass repair services, ranging from auto glass repair to home window repair to business repairs. The goal is to allow customers to first learn about available services on the Web, and then to call the company for a specific quote.
Mac's Discount Glass is family owned and operated by the McNabb family, residents of El Dorado county. The glass repair shop provides amazing service offerings at discounted prices. The family-owned and operated business has been passed down thru the generations, now being run by Erick and Lee McNabb. Mac's Discount Glass specializes in auto glass as well as in glass repairs in buildings such as homes or offices. The company is both a commercial glass repair service and one for residential customers, too. If a customer resides in El Dorado, Folsom, Fair Oaks or other nearby cities, and they have glass repair need such as sliding glass doors or windows or a commercial need, such as a storefront, the company offers free estimates.


Worthing Summer School. Homestay accommodation.
Location: Worthing is a beautiful seaside town on the south coast of England, just 20 minutes from Brighton by train. Worthing offers an excellent environment for young learners to practice and improve their English language skills. The school is located in an area with many interesting places to visit and things to do. Both London and Portsmouth, with all their attractions, are only a little more than an hour away.
School: Our Junior Summer School is located in a secure area of Worthing. This large school has an exceptional number of outdoor sports playing fields. The city centre is easily accessed.
Students stay with carefully selected host families in the same area of the school. Sometimes homestay is at a walking distance or a short way by bus. There will be only one student for each nationality in the homestay. There might several students in the same homestay. Students live as part of the family for the duration of their stay.


text:
The Sheepscot Historic District encompasses a historic village in Alna and Newcastle, Maine.  Located just below the mouth of Dyer Brook where it enters the Sheepscot River, the  includes an area that has seen little alteration in more than 100 years, and includes one of the oldest roadways in the state.   The area is archaeologically sensitive for prehistoric and historic settlement sites.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1978.

Description and history
The village of Sheepscot lies astride a narrow point in the upper tidal section of the Sheepscot River, which is the border between the towns of Newcastle and Alna.  The main portion of the village consists of a row of closely spaced houses along The King's Highway, one of the Maine's oldest roads, which runs south from the east-west Sheepscot Road on the Newcastle side of the river, just south of the mouth of Dyer Creek.  Just south of the junction stands the Sheepscott  Community Church, and there are a scattering of residences on the Alna side.  The buildings exhibit a range of 19th-century architecture styles, from the Federal, through the Greek Revival, to the Italianate period.

The area has a colonial settlement history dating at least to the 1630s, and possibly the 1620s, and was before then the site of Native American activity.  The Sheepscot area fell between major land grants, one bounded on the east by the Kennebec River, the other on the west by the Damariscotta River.  The first bridge spanning the Sheepscot was built here in 1794, and the present bridge occupies roughly the original footprint of that bridge.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Maine

References

Further reading

Federal architecture in Maine
Italianate architecture in Maine
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Maine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Long time me neva update! My lack of blog presence hasn't been on purpose; I lost my Internet access for the past month or so, which has been a blessing in disguise. No Internet has encouraged better habits in my daily life such as reading more, getting out into my community, and simply being present. However, today I finally caved to my desire to indulge in a little interwebs and here I am at an Internet café that is about a half hour walk from my house.
November, like many months here, came and went with the blink of an eye. I started it off enjoying my last full day home in Philly, and in the evening I visited an old friend, Dan Drago. Last year, Dan began producing a podcast called 25 O' Clock, and even though I was only home for three and a half days, I agreed to come over to do a session for his show. I'm glad that I did! For one, he is located in a neighborhood that I used to live in (South Philly near Snyder station), and it was a blast from the past being in that area after many years. I hope you poke around his site and I encourage you to check out episodes of his podcast. Here is a link to the podcast episode.
Then I came back to Jamaicaland. November had its ups and downs, but one of my November highlights was starting a garden in my yard.
The ultimate highlight of November, by far, was the fact that my best friend, Kim Tri, came to visit me! Kim was my first visitor here on the island and I had a blast showing her my community, as well as having her for Thanksgiving.
Friendsgiving was so much fun---the amount of food we pulled together was ridiculous! My biggest feat was making my first pies (apple and pumpkin) from scratch!
So, not too much time for a real update (the café timer is ticking), but things are good and I am really excited to experience Christmas in Jamaica (although I will miss my family!).


still, hold the memory of passion.
he leans over and longingly kisses her deeply.
she turns away, face contorted.
bringing night to an end.
Nicely penned, erotically enticing, the aftermath of the night before a suiting claim to two lovers. I've had a few of those nights back in my day, the nights were always fun and exciting, especially with a beautiful woman to enjoy them with, but indeed those mornings were often wrought with hangover pain, thankfully I never smoked, but if I did, a Tylenol, smoke and lots of coffee would be needed to fully recover, oh and yes, brushing ones teeth before the morning kiss, along with a gargle or two of your favorite mouth wash was a welcome from the other party receiving a smack gob in the morning light. Ha Ha….enjoyable read Tony. Cheers.
Yes, the scenario does bring back a few memories back when. Thankfully those days are over. I was never good with hangovers. lol, Glad, you enjoyed my friend. Take care Vincent.


4D/Alert Call centre is state of the art in all aspects of visual audio and digital communication. Our Two way radio system allows us to talk to Officers around the country without restriction and allows us to pinpoint his position while using the radio via GSM.
have the capability of monitoring our CCTV Camera systems in "Real Time "throughout the country.


text:
Marie Soressi
Professor of Hominin Diversity Archaeology
late neandertals and first anatomically modern humans
middle paleolithic and early upper paleolithic in europe
stone-tool, ad-hoc bone-tool and pigment
Prof.dr. M.A. Soressi
m.a.soressi@arch.leidenuniv.nl
Marie Soressi is Professor of Hominin Diversity archaeology and head of the Human Origins research unit at the Faculty of Archaeology. She is fascinated by the fact that we are the only human species on the planet; meanwhile our genus was flourishing for approximately 99% of our evolutionary timeframe.
More information about Marie Soressi
16 May 2022 'Homo sapiens is too arrogant: call us Homo faber, the toolmaker'
20 October 2021 Ethical guidelines to better regulate DNA research on human remains
10 May 2021 Archaeologists receive funding for science communication: 'We want to change the public image of archaeology'
02 December 2020 Prehistoric hunters from the North Sea used human bones as weapons
26 August 2020 Archaeological fieldwork in corona times: professor Marie Soressi's story
11 May 2020 New insights into Neandertal knowledge from the mass-spectrometry analysis of plastic containers
11 March 2020 The future of experiencing the past
20 February 2020 Vici grants for three Leiden researchers
04 November 2019 Les Cottés excavations reveals how Neandertals and Homo sapiens adapted to a changing climate 40,000 years ago
27 March 2018 Neandertal genome from Les Cottés site sequenced
31 January 2018 Three new professors in Archaeology
03 May 2017 Neanderthals coming out of the dirt
29 March 2017 Archaeology article Scientific Reports in top 100 most read
07 June 2016 Neandertals revised
29 February 2016 Neanderthals collected manganese dioxide to make fire
13 August 2013 Neandertals made the first specialised bone tools in Europe
Current PhD candidates
Igor Djakovic PhD candidate
Areti Leventi PhD candidate
Marcel Niekus PhD candidate / self funded
Vincent Niochet External PhD candidate
Leonardo Carmignani Postdoc
Wei Chu Postdoc
Marie Soressi combines her long-term experience as a field and lab archaeologist with that of paleogeneticists, geologists and chemists, to design and lead interdisciplinary projects aiming at reconstructing the diversity of human behavior and the evolution of human biology during the late Pleistocene, with a focus on the 50-35,000 years' time window when Neandertal population vanished.
Office days
Tuesday and Friday. Meetings on appointment only.
What factors contributed to the growth of the anatomically modern Human population 40,000 years ago? Could it be that building upon local knowledge and local adaptations from humans who have now physically disappeared contributed to the development of our ancestor population? Reconstructing our evolutionary trajectory is key for rethinking who we are, and how we are connected to each other.
The reconstruction of cultural interactions between Neandertals and modern humans has proven to be fecund with the publication of: (1) the first potential evidence of modern humans acquiring Neandertal expertise (Soressi et al. 2013), (2) a first test case discussing the degree of social intimacy between late Neandertals and early modern humans (Roussel et al. 2016). In developing these past projects, two exciting challenges emerged:
To fully utilize the potential of sedimentary DNA, it is essential that researchers assess the in-situ character of particles containing aDNA.
Studying interactions requires:
a new theoretical framework
high-resolution analysis of the in-situ character of artefacts
tailored empirical studies
Building on her interdisciplinary background, her knowledge of available archaeological sites and collections, and her international network, M. Soressi designed the Neandertal Legacy project to contribute improving the reconstruction of the demise of Neandertals and the formation of the Homo sapiens only population. The project was granted a NWO VICI grant (1.5 million euros) in 2020.
She also received a Westerdijk award (50,000 euros) in 2018 as well as regular smaller excavation grants from the French Ministry of Culture.
M. Soressi combines experience at world-class research institute like the Max Planck EVA in Leipzig where she was a junior researcher from 2004 to 2008 with experience in a leading position in commercial archaeology where she led projects with up to 30 collaborators. Since 2013, she went back to the academic sector and embraced innovative teaching and the management of academic education and research.
In 2018, she became the first non-native speaker female professor at the Faculty of Archaeology in Leiden and she was appointed Director of the Graduate School of the Faculty of Archaeology. She is currently leading the Human origins research unit and the Neandertal Legacy research group (>20 researchers) at the Faculty of Archaeology in Leiden. In 2020, she received a VICI talent schema award (1.5 million euros); in 2018 a Westerdijk award (50,000 euros), and in 2044 the Tübingen Prize for young researchers in Early Prehistory Quaternary Ecology.
She contributed founding the European society for human evolution (ESHE) in 2011. In 2020, she was elected Vice-president of the ESHE society with currently circa 450 members after serving as elected secretary from 2012 to 2020. Since 2018, she is a member of the scientific committee of the Fyssen foundation with a circa 1 million euros yearly budget. She serves as panel members for the reviewing committee of DFG collaborative research centers and for the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities with budget >20 million euros. She is a member of the editorial board of Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology (springer) and the open-access fully peer-reviewed and open-access Paleoantropology journal. She regularly serves as reviewer for Nature and several other interdisciplinary and disciplinary journals including Nature Human behaviour, Scientific reports, Journal of Human Evolution or Quaternary Sciences Review.
Publication output
Her publications have been cited in total more 4940 times according to google scholar (as per 19.03.2022). She has contributed more than 140 publications including more than 80 peer-reviewed articles, and two peer-reviewed edited volumes. She also contributed more than 80 excavation reports. One of her first-authored publication (Soressi et al. 2013 in PNAS) has been cited more than 240 times, and four other publications she co-authored were cited more than 200 times including the D'errico et al. 2003 paper that was cited 778 times (as per 19.03.2022; H index = 36).
1998 Individual national doctoral grant (70 ke)
1998-2005 Pech-de-l'Azé I excavation project (18 ke)
2002-2007 Chez-Pinaud excavation project
2003 Doctorat Université Bordeaux Le Moustérien de tradition acheuléenne du sud-ouest de la France (178 citations registered by google scholar in March 2022)
2003 Post-doctoral researcher at the ARI, Cape Town, South-Africa
2003 Post-doctoral award Wenner-Gren foundation (New-York) (20 ke)
2003 Post-doctoral award Fyssen foundation (Paris) (20 ke)
2004 Junior researcher at the Max Planck Institute EVA, Leipzig, Germany
2004 Tubingen Prize for innovative research in Early Prehistory, Quaternary Ecology and Human Evolution
2006-2022 Les Cottés project (465 ke)
2008 Large scale project manager at INRAP, France
2011 Founding member of the ESHE, European society for the study of Human Evolution
2012-2021 Elected secretary and board member of the ESHE society
2013 Assistant Professor, Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology
2018 Full Professor and chair of Hominin Diversity Archaeology, Leiden
2018 Member of the scientific committee of the Fyssen foundation, Paris
2018-2021 Director of the Leiden Graduate School of Archaeology
2020-2025 NWO VICI grant for the project Neandertal Legacy (1.5 million euros)
2020- Quinçay excavation project
2021 Head Human Origins research unit, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden
2021 Elected vice-president of the ESHE society
Past PhD students
Dr. Shumon Hussain (2019), Assistant professor, Aarhus, Danemark
Dr. Samanta Porter (2019), Manager of the Advanced Imaging Service for Objects and Shape and research associate, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, USA
Dr. Naomi Martisius (2019), NSF SBE post-doctoral researcher at the University of Tulsa, USA
Dr. Paul Kozowyk (2020), post-doctoral researcher at Delft Technical University, The Netherlands
Faculteit Archeologie
Van Steenis
Einsteinweg 2
2333 CC Leiden
Room number A110
No relevant ancillary activities
La Grande Roche excavation (Quinçay, France)
Les Cottés excavations (near Poitiers, France)
Neandertal Legacy
Archaeology (BA)
Archaeology (MA/MSc)
Archaeology (Research MA)


Navajo silversmith, Robert Concho, has selected a soft blue teardrop shaped Larimar stone for this delicate pendant. Larimar is a rare stone mined only in the Dominican Republic. The discoverer of this stone named it for his daughter, Larissa, and mar meaning sea in Spanish. He framed this feminine pendant in sterling silver rope and hand cut the design around the edge. The slender 18″ Sterling Silver Box Chain is included. Handmade in New Mexico.
Hallmarked RCC and stamped "Sterling".


text:
Q: Calculating $\lim\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2(5x)-\sin^2(x)}{x \sin(7x)}$ I was given the following exercise in a quiz: $$\lim\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2(5x)-\sin^2(x)}{x \sin(7x)}$$
How do I even begin? I thought about de Moivre's (decomposition into sum of $sin (x)$ to different powers), but isn't it an overkill here? I looked for ways to reach the limit $\lim\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}$ but couldn't find any.

A: $$\lim_{x \to 0} \dfrac{\sin^2(5x)-\sin^2(x)}{x \sin(7x)} = \lim_{x \to 0} \dfrac{25\left[\dfrac{\sin(5x)}{(5x)}\right]^2-\left[\dfrac{\sin(x)}{x}\right]^2}{7\dfrac{\sin(7x)}{7x}}$$
Could you complete now?

A: Hint
$$\sin^2(5x)-\sin^2(x)= (\sin(5x)-\sin x)(\sin(5x)+\sin x))$$
$$\sin a - \sin b = \dots, \sin a + \sin b = \dots$$
$$\lim_{y \to 0} \frac{\sin y}{y} = 1$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Pets Archery" is a game of target shooting.
Do you think you are a good archer??
Or do you assume yourself as a good target shooter??
Let's check it out with the new "Pets Archery".
In "Pets Archery" you have to scroll right to have a look of the animals(Target).
And then come back to your Bow and arrow to shoot the bird.
Now adjust the power to be exerted to your arrow and release it.
Increasing levels will introduce new twists,hurdles and different number of animals.
and in some animals are in cage.
So you have to first destroy the box or cage first to shoot the animals.
So try to get high score by shooting sharply.
So Download "Pets Archery" for free and test your skill.


text:
2023 Canadian Maple Leaf 1 oz Gold Coin BU - Jan 31, 2023
Pre-order this product today!
1-9 $2,028.59 $2,049.72 $2,113.11
10-19 $2,023.59 $2,044.67 $2,107.91
100+ $2,013.59 $2,034.56 $2,097.49
This item is on Presale and we expect to begin shipping orders on or after January 31st, 2023. Any order containing this item will wait until January 31st, 2023 to ship. This ship date is an estimate and may vary if the mint fails to deliver the item to us on schedule.
Available as low as $76.99 per oz over spot!
The gold coins in the Canadian Maple Leaf Series are some of the most well-known bullion specimens in the world. Produced by the Royal Canadian Mint on an annual basis, the series got its start in 1979 when the mint debuted its 1 oz gold coin with .999 purity. Provident Metals now has 2023 Canadian Maple Leaf 1 oz Gold Coins available to you for purchase online.
Arrives with protective flips, acrylic tubes of 10 gold coins, or mint-sealed Monster Boxes of 500 gold coins!
44th issue of Canadian Maple Leaf Gold Coins!
Contains 1 Troy oz of .9999 pure gold in BU condition.
Issued a face value of $50 (CAD) by the government of Canada.
On the reverse is the sugar maple leaf.
Micro-laser-engraved security feature on the reverse.
When you purchase one of these 2023 Canadian Maple Leaf 1 oz Gold Coins online at Provident Metals, you will receive a coin that is in Brilliant Uncirculated condition. These coins are offered individually in protective flips, with multiples packaged in either acrylic tubes of 10 gold coins or Monster Boxes of 500 gold coins. Boxes hold a total of 50 individual tubes.
The obverse side of the 2023 Canadian Maple Leaf Gold Coin comes with the final portrait of Queen Elizabeth II to feature on Canadian coins. Designed in 2003 by Susanna Blunt, this is the fourth-generation effigy of Her Majesty and the first of her reign to lack a crown. The design field includes radial lines in the background and inscriptions of ELIZABETH II, 50 DOLLARS, and 2023.
On the reverse field of 2023 Maple Leaf 1 oz Gold Coins, you will find the image of the sugar maple leaf. This design was created for this series in 1979 by Walter Ott. This field comes with a laser-engraved maple leaf that serves as a secure privy mark. Other markings on this field include the radial lines in the background, as well as inscriptions of CANADA, 9999, FINE GOLD, and 1 OZ OR PUR.
2023 is the final time Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II will appear on these coins following the Queens death in September 2022. The 2023 coins will eventually transition to a new King Charles III effigy.
Provident Metals customer service is available to assist you at 800-313-3315. You can also chat with us live online or email us.
Susanna Blunt
Designer (Reverse)
Walter Ott
Canadian Maple Leaf


text:
Who Is Mosley Thompson Manning? Meet The Daughter Of Peyton Manning
Mosley Thompson Manning, 12, is a star kid widely popular as the daughter of former NFL star Peyton Manning and his wife Ashley Thompson. Peyton is a former football quarterback popular for his fruitful career with the Indianapolis Colts and the Denver Broncos.
Similarly, her mother, Ashley Thompson is equally famous in her own career line. Born to celebrity parents, Mosley lives a lavish lifestyle alongside her twin brother. However, the parents of two have kept information about her upbringing, childhood, education, and more under the radar.
Here, we will talk about Mosley and her twin Marshall. Also, tag along with us to know more about her age, family, parents, and many more.
How Old Is Mosley Thompson Manning? Details Of Her Age & Early Life
The star kid Mosley Thompson Manning was born on 31st March 2011 in Indianapolis, the USA to her famous parents Peyton Manning and Ashley Thompson. She turned 12 years old recently in 2022.
Mosley and her father Peyton all excited during Super Bowl
She is an American as per her nationality and has mixed (English and German from her father's side) ethnic descent. Mosley is being raised alongside her twin brother Marshall Williams Manning. They are fraternal twins and do not look alike.
Mosley Manning's Family Is Hugely Famous
The star kid has a family full of successful and famous people, especially from a football background. She is the granddaughter of the former American football quarterback Elisha Archibald 'Archie' Manning III and his wife Olivia Manning.
Likewise, Mosley's uncles are also football stars. Her older uncle Cooper Archibald Manning is currently working as an entrepreneur and TV personality. Likewise, her younger uncle, Elisha Nelson Manning is a former American football quarterback of the NFL.
Mosley Manning Has Seven Siblings From His Father's Side
From her two uncle's marriages, she has seven cousins named May Manning, Archibald 'Arch' Charles Manning, Heid Manning, Ava Manning, Lucy Manning, Caroline Manning, and Charles Manning.
Mosley alongside her father Peyton and her twin brother Marshall during a game
Moreover, Ava Manning was born around the same time as Mosley and Marshall in 2011. She is the daughter of Eli and Abby McGrew and is also 12 years old as of 2022.
Is Mosley Manning Also A Fan Of Josh Allen Like Her Twin Brother?
Having a father with 509 career touchdowns in NFL history was surely not enough for her twin to idolize their own MVP Award-winning father. Her twin Marshall is a huge fan of the Buffalo Bills quarterback Joshua 'Josh' Patrick Allen.
While Williams is openly fanboying Josh, Mosley is Patrick Mahomes fangirl. The 26-year-old is the quarterback of the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL league.
During an interview with KCNC-TV in 2021, Peyton Manning talked about his children's favorite players. He said,
"My kids are decked out in Chiefs jerseys, We go skiing this past weekend, and my son's in a Mahomes jersey to ski in and his buddy Zack is wearing a Mahomes Texas Tech jersey. I mean everywhere I go, it's Mahomes, Mahomes, Mahomes. Tells you what kind of great player he is if he's got some huge 9-year-old fans out here in Denver, Colorado."
Not to forget, during Marshall's tenth birthday Peyton bought a Josh jersey and mailed it to Allen for him to sign. It was Peyton's birthday surprise for his son. However, the NFL star sent a field-worn jersey with his autograph instead.
Mosley Thompson Manning Effortlessly Stole Her Father's Thunder In 2015
Back in 2015, Peyton Manning and Mosley Thompson attended the 2015 ESPYS. During the event, the father-daughter duo left all the viewers and attendees in awe with their lovely and cute bond.
Moreover, the then-5-year-old shy Mosley was clinging to her father's leg during the photoshoots, this left everyone awestruck.
Mosley and Peyton during the 2015 ESPYS award ceremony
Although Manning was there to receive the award for Best Record-Breaking Performance for achieving his 509th career touchdown in the last NFL season, Mosley was the star of the show. She had all the attention for herself.
While receiving the award, the proud father even thanked his daughter for being his date for the night.
Mosley's Parents Are Childhood Sweethearts
The NFL star and his wife of over a decade first met each other via Ashley's parent's next-door neighbors. Back then, Peyton was just a freshman at the University of Tennessee Volunteers.
They started dating and were in a long-distance relationship for a while. During this time, he went on to become Tennessee's all-time leading passer with 11,201 yards and 89 touchdowns winning 39 out of 45 games. Likewise, Thompson went on to earn her degree in Marketing and Finance from the University of Virginia.
Peyton and Ashley are childhood sweethearts married for over two decades
The pair got married on St. Patrick's Day of 2001 i.e. 17th March amidst family and friends in Memphis. As for now, they have been married for over two decades and are happily living with twins Marshall and Mosley in Denver, Colorado.
Mosley Thompson Manning's Mother Ashley Is A Real Estate Agent
Her mother Ashley is into real estate by profession and owns her own real estate development company. Her company promotes the development of downtown residential properties. Likewise, she is also a minority owner of the Memphis-based basketball team Memphis Grizzlies.
Apart from her professional career, she is also involved in several charitable events and organizations including her husband's foundation, the Peyback Foundation. It aims to help disadvantaged children in Louisiana, Colorado, Indiana, and Tennessee.
How Rich Are Mosley Manning's Parents Now?
As Mosley Thompson Manning is too young to have a career of her own, her lavish lifestyle's credit goes to her multi-millionaire parents.
Her father Peyton has a whopping net worth of $250 million as of mid-2022. Peyton Manning is a former quarterback for the Indianapolis Colts (14 seasons) and the Denver Broncos (4 seasons).
So far, Manning has won 2 Super Bowl championships, 5 NFL Most Valuable Players, 2 NFL Offensive Player of the Year, 3 NFL passing yards leaders, the Campbell Trophy, and many more. He is also induced in the Denver Broncos Ring of Fame,
Similarly, her mother Ashley Thompson has also earned a generous amount of fortune from her career in the real estate business. As per Celebrity Net Worth, her current fortune is around $20 million.
Tags: Star Kid
Meet Claudia Rose Pfeiffer: Untold Details on An American Actress Michelle Pfeiffer's Adopted Daughter
Bert Kreischer's Daughter Georgia Kreischer: Bio, Age, Career
Devion Cromwell: Everything About Floyd Mayweather's Adopted Son
Meet Kyoko Chan Cox: Log-Lost Daughter of Japanese Multimedia Artist Yoko Ono
Who Is Sierra Pippen? Everything About Scottie Pippen's Daughter
Previous PostWhat Does Grace Pauline Kelley Do For A Living? Her Childhood, Arrest, Net Worth,
Next PostMeet Peyton Manning's Son Marshall Williams Manning- Details Of His Age, Family


text:
Q: Why would you do that? When my friend say

I'm gonna wear weird costume,

could I say

Why would you do that?

in future meaning?
When my friend say

I took your panties yesterday,

could I say

Why would you do that?

too? in past situation?

A: Would is a Modal Auxiliary Verb, a group of auxiliary verbs with peculiar properties. One of them is that they don't have any tense, so the normal mode of an English auxiliary verb is not open to them. Normally, the first auxiliary in the [verb chain] inflects for tense:

*

*The model [has been being photographed] for hours now.
The auxiliaries do, be, have, and get all inflect for present and past tense, like all verbs in English:

*

*He is not here today. ~ He was not here yesterday.

*He doesn't need any money now. ~ He didn't need any money then.

*He hasn't realized it yet. ~ He hadn't realized it yet.

*He gets married tomorrow. ~ He got married yesterday.
But modal auxiliaries don't inflect for any tense, present or past:

*

*He must leave tomorrow, but not *He musted leave yesterday

*He should leave now, but not *He shoulded leave yesterday
Since there are only two tenses in English and neither is marked on modals, they're considered to be tenseless. There is no "future tense" in English, no matter what you've been told in school, since all modals can refer to any time -- will is another modal auxiliary and behaves like the rest of them).
So you can say "Why would you do that?" about any event someone has done, or is doing right now, or is considering doing. It's all "would-be", and that's timeless.

A:
Why would you do that?

is less about tenses and more about expressing a somewhat negative surprise or amazement, sometimes enhanced by adding ever:

Why would you ever do that?

It is in fact part of a conditional sentence in which the if clause is omitted but implied. The implied part could be for example:

*

*If you were in your right mind, ...

*If you were my real friend... etc.

A: In this case, "would" is not indicating an action in the future.
This is an example of the second conditional. The second conditional is used for unlikely events. The events you describe may very well be unlikely, depending on the context.
This kind of question might be better asked at the English Language Learners Stackexchange.

A: The answer depends on what exactly you are trying to express.  The key thing to have in mind it the difference between expressing something as 'actual' and expressing something as potential, doubtful or at least not certain.  Latin and ancient Greek verbs had special modes, subjunctive and optative (known for these two languages as 'moods' along with the - to us - more common 'indicative' mood), to express things as not actual in some way.  English does not have these.  It has, instead a modal version of the auxiliary, would, or sometimes could.
So in the present case, where an intention to wear weird costume, the addressee uses the modal form of the auxiliary to express a kind of disbelief:  that dressing like this is so inappropriate, odd or unlike the person that 'would' is used as opposed to 'why are you going to do that?'.
In the second case, the same response, using 'would' is still standard English.  It expresses a sort of shocked or appalled disbelief.  Or they might have said 'how could you have done that?', which brings with it a sense of rebuke, as in "I thought I knew you better than that."
This answer is not in terms of the more conventional notion of 'first', 'second' etc conditionals.  It is simpler to understand in terms of what is going on.


text:
Photo courtesy of 4LAKids
UTLA Protest: Teachers may strike soon
Macy Kwon October 12, 2018
The sight of all desks occupied, and a class of 40 students has become a common scenario in many classes. However, the overfilled classrooms have the possibility of expanding with the new Superintendent, Austin Beutner's vision for classrooms. It can be expected to be as high as 50 students per a teacher. This is one of the many factors that the United Teachers Los Angeles claims to be the cause for a potential strike.
The UTLA and District are once again locked in a struggle of interests over the classroom. If the District does not compromise with the demands of the UTLA, a city-wide strike might be in the future of Los Angeles' public schools.
The polls opened in August for the voting of the authorization of a strike. Larger levels of approved participation in the strike, voted by teachers, would increase the bargaining power that the UTLA has and increase the chances of gaining more of a compromise on their requests for better teaching conditions.
However, if the strike were to occur, teachers who participate would cease to perform duties such as grades, college recommendations, etc. and would not be payed during this strike period.
Leslie Broyles, UTLA Chapter Chair of Cleveland High School, said that during this period, "teachers are not to perform," and though the district would use this to "undermine their professionality to delay things" Broyles said. "We can't make it easier for them."
Currently, the UTLA is in the mediation stage with the district, the last stage of struggle before a strike, where both parties try to find a solution; the UTLA claims that the district is stalling and has rejected their proposal to meet for mediation until Sept. 27, instead of the original date, Aug. 2.
The UTLA claims to demand better conditions for teachers financially, and for the classroom as well. Some of the main requests include, a 6.5 percent pay raise, smaller class sizes, a larger staff in counselors, nurses, psychologists, librarians and custodians, charter school accountability, and resources.
Currently, teachers pay for many of the organizational materials, classroom resources, some textbooks for world languages, and clean their own classrooms.
"Our demands are reasonable," Broyles said.
Another concern of the UTLA is that public schools, in general, are losing funding to charter schools. Broyles notes that there is an influx of "problem" kids after the norm period (first five weeks of school) and before testing, increasing the size of schools, and depriving schools of yearly funds. Furthermore, kids with more special needs are being increasingly sent to public schools.
Some of Beutner's new claims and planned reforms, however, include: reduction of healthcare as funds to other priorities, 90 extra minutes of school per week, reduction of pension, and increasing class sizes.
Although class size is restricted by section 1.5, the district has the ability to increase the size of classrooms if they claim financial hardship, no evidence is needed.
However, students have also noticed this new addition, and have come to their own conclusions. For instance, Catherine Quinteros a sophomore at Cleveland High School, said, "Yeah, there's too many people. You don't really get learning."
These problems and their possible reforms depend on if the District will be swayed by the votes to strike, or if the District compromises.
If the strike is authorized, students may see their own teachers actively fighting for what they claim are their rights.
But the question is, how will this affect the students? What will the students do? Will they strike alongside the teachers, and will the district compromise? Or will conditions remain the same, and new reforms made to schools city-wide?
(The District has been asked to comment, but has failed to respond.)
Is my Amazon Echo spying on me?
Shocking number of Australian fresh fruits contain needles


text:
New Indian Express (Bangalore)
BBMP plans road show against POP idols
BENGALURU: Mayor Gangambike Mallikarjun on Wednesday held a detailed discussion with heads of various schools and Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) officials from Bengaluru west to spread awareness
Bangalore (T)
Non-Biodegradable Waste
PIL Against Water Wastage During IPL
BENGALURU: Taking a cue from Mumbai, a city-based priest filed a public interest litigation in the high court seeking directions to BWSSB to check injudicious use of water for Indian Premier League matches
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
Eyes in the Kali Foresters Keep Track of Animals Through
Did you know that 14 per cent of leopards in Kali Tiger Reserve are melanistic in nature? Melanistic or black leopards are black mutated animals of the same species. Their pitch dark colour, cat eyes
Tiger Reserves
Bandipur NP
Nagarhole NP
Babus to Get the Stick for Lake Encroachments
Officials of the departments concerned and civic agencies will be held responsible for any more encroachment of lakes after completion of the ongoing survey of lakes in Bengaluru Rural and Urban districts.
Land Encroachments
Drought in North Karnataka; South Overuses Ground Water Resources
While North Karnataka has been hit hard by the dry spell and is facing a severe drinking water shortage, it is the districts of south-interior Karnataka which are digging deeper into the ground and overexploiting
Bengaluru Has Drinking Water Only For 60 Days
Bengaluru and Mysuru are in for difficult days ahead: drinking water stocks will last for just 60 days. A failed monsoon has brought down the water levels at the Kabini reservoir to less than 6.4 tmc
Mysore (D)
Many Theories, Few Answers on Ulsoor Lake Fish Kill
BENGALURU: A day after thousands of fish were found dead in Ulsoor Lake, the government has ordered a clean-up. It also set a week's deadline for stakeholders to give reasons for the fsh kill. Mahendra
Lake Pollution
State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)
Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)
Rs 750 Cr for Bellandur Clean-up, Cauvery Project
BENGALURU: The frothing, dying Bellandur Lake may get a new lease of life. In a generous gesture by the Centre, the Union Budget has allocated `750 crore to the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board,
Sewage Pollution
World Bank Okays Assistance for 24x7 Water Supply to Hubballi
The World Bank has okayed a $100-million loan to provide 24x7 water supply to Hubballi-Dharwad. The green signal was given during a meet held on Monday and Tuesday in New Delhi between the WB and state
Hubli-Dharwad
Municipal Corporations
Climate Change has Put Focus on Necessity of Renewable Energy'
BENGALURU: Railways Minister Suresh Prabhu on Sunday said climate change has put the focus on the necessity of renewable energy and this is also being used as an opportunity to help the transition to a
COP 21 (Paris)
Procedures Not Followed in Leopard rescue: Experts
HUBBALLI: Wildlife conservationists fear that increasing incidents of elephants and leopards straying into human areas and the subsequent rescue operations which are conducted in an ad-hoc manner are presenting
People - Animal Conflicts