Cambodia is a silent nation. Many people would also recognize the country as a result of the genocide through Pol Pot's regime. But at the rear of the horror how the citizens encountered below the Khmer Rouge is a pleasant land that strived hard to overcome the unforgettable experience.
Cambodia is usually a silent nation. Several men and women would also recognize the region as a consequence of the genocide for the duration of Pol Pot's routine. But at the rear of the horror how the citizens knowledgeable below the Khmer Rouge is an attractive region that strived difficult to overcome the unforgettable encounter.
There are many tourist attractions in Cambodia making the nation one or more of the top destinations in Asia. The country is bordered by Vietnam and Thailand with many mountain ranges and woods. So if you love to have an adventurous trip, Cambodia is your perfect choice.
Cambodia homes one of the Seven Wonders on the Entire world, the Angkor Wat (pronounced as 'Vat').
It is also declared to be a entire world customs website by UNESCO in 1992. The complicated carries a cover of 81 hectares invented of five towers. Angkor Wat is the biggest temple complex in the world. Do not miss seeing the sunset or sunrise at the top of the temple as it is an amazing knowledge for just about any traveller.
Aside from the Angkor Wat , Cambodia is really a property to quite a few large temples and pilgrimage websites. A must-visit temple would be the Silver Pagoda or the Wat Preah Keo that is a royal temple. It is really a holy spot for the king of Cambodia and houses several statues of Buddha. The famous Emerald Buddha can be located in this temple.
Don't miss the stunning beaches of Cambodia in Sihanoukville. The white sand beaches right here are well-preserved creating them a sanctuary to beach lovers. Also try an elephant ride in Mondulkiri Province or have a trek in Bokor Country wide Park.
Khmer Rouge genocide has provided the nation a great impact right up until these days. The federal government is nevertheless looking for unexploded acreage mines all around the nation. So vacationers are informed to remain alongside the markers offered for security. It is also suggested not to go out in the evening or make sure to take a cab when going outside at night is inescapable.


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The chapter opens with Aragorn bidding farewell to Gandalf, and also stepping up to the wider role he will eventually play as King. Only with Gandalf gone can he grow into true heroic stature. All of them do, with even Boromir showing noble repentance after his great failure. And maybe Legolas the least, since the Elves are a fading race. Tolkien says that in one of his letters.
"They rose and looked about them. Northward the dale ran up into a glen of shadows between two great arms of the mountains, above which three white peaks were shining: Celebdil, Fanuidhol, Caradhras. the Mountains of Moria. At the head of the glen a torrent flowed like a white lace over an endless ladder of short falls, and a mist of foam hung in the air about the mountains' feet.
This, I think, is the only occasion any of the good characters speak of revenge, apart from the Rohirrim and dwarves in The Hobbit. And Aragorn also allows Gimli to take a brief look in Mirrormere, which he had mentioned previously in his poem, and which he has never actually seen. And which could be seen as balancing the evil and artificially made pool that holds the Watcher in the Water outside the other door to Moria.
"For some time Frodo and Sam managed to keep up with the others; but Aragorn was leading them at a great pace, and after a while they lagged behind. They had eaten nothing since the early morning. Sam's cut was burning like fire, and his head felt light. In spite of the shining sun the wind seemed chill after the warm darkness of Moria. He shivered. Frodo felt every step more painful and he gasped for breath.
"At last Legolas turned, and seeing them now far behind, he spoke to Aragorn. The others halted, and Aragorn ran back, calling to Boromir to come with him.
They also discover Frodo's mithril coat.
I think all this gets omitted in the Jackson film. He can only show so much, but he also shows a lack of sympathy for the softer emotions. Probably shares the typical 1980s or Coolheart attitude in seeing it as needless. Not understanding that it is not just a moral duty, but also part of stable and long-lasting strength. Which in my view is why this Coolheart world is now coming apart in the face of challenges from both left and right – see Baby Boomers to Blame?
Within Middle-Earth, Aragorn evidently has to be reminded by Legolas, but then responds correctly. Has a fire made and water heated. And has a little of the athelas he had gathered at Weathertop, though it is dry and has lost some of its virtue. And when finished, they hide traces of the fire they made – a notable practical detail.
"`If Elves indeed still dwell here in the darkening world,' said Gimli.
From Appendix A, the Tale of Aragorn and Arwen, we learn that at age 49, he had taken refuge there, and unexpectedly had a second meeting with Arwen, whom he had first met in Rivendell.
"Boromir stood irresolute and did not follow. 'Is there no other way? ' he said.
"`What other fairer way would you desire? ' said Aragorn.
But here, Boromir has a point. We'll learn in the next chapter that Galadriel has been thinking like Saruman, desiring the power of the One Ring.
They push on, and Legolas then remembers Nimrodel, a lost elven queen. He recites a very beautiful poem.
From The History of Middle-Earth, Volume 7, we learn that Lothlorien appears suddenly as a future destination in the first draft of The Ring Goes South. Like many other characters, Nimrodel's name changes several times before the final version. But significantly, she was there before Galadriel was imagined. I describe this in detail in the next chapter study.
They run into the local elves, who speak Legolas's language, which Frodo does not understand. But one of them can also speak 'Common Tongue', having occasional dealings with humans.
"They stood up, and one of them uncovered a small lamp that gave out a slender silver beam. He held it up, looking at Frodo's face, and Sam's. Then he shut off the light again, and spoke words of welcome in his elven-tongue. Frodo spoke haltingly in return.
Where did they see hobbits, if not in Middle-earth? It might be that lands to the far east do not count as part of it.
There are indeed orcs following them. But not only orcs: Gollum is also there and the elves see him.
"Immediately afterwards Haldir came climbing swiftly up through the branches. `There was something in this tree that I have never seen before,' he said. `It was not an orc. It fled as soon as I touched the tree-stem. It seemed to be wary, and to have some skill in trees, or I might have thought that it was one of you hobbits.
"'I did not shoot, for I dared not arouse any cries: we cannot risk battle. A strong company of Orcs has passed. They crossed the Nimrodel – curse their foul feet in its clean water! – and went on down the old road beside the river. They seemed to pick up some scent, and they searched the ground for a while near the place where you halted. The three of us could not challenge a hundred, so we went ahead and spoke with feigned voices, leading them on into the wood.
"`Folly it may seem,' said Haldir. 'Indeed in nothing is the power of the Dark Lord more clearly shown than in the estrangement that divides all those who still oppose him. Yet so little faith and trust do we find now in the world beyond Lothlórien, unless maybe in Rivendell, that we dare not by our own trust endanger our land. We live now upon an island amid many perils, and our hands are more often upon the bowstring than upon the harp.
Contrast this with what Jackson made of it. I've never been hostile to the films, which had some excellent insights. But a lot more could be done, with more time to tell the tale and hopefully less need to please the 'bums on seats' who make or break a feature film. Perhaps even directed and scripted by someone with less of a Coolheart view.
Tolkien later decided that there were, which makes sense.
I also see an inconsistency about which elves can cross the sea. Is it just High Elves, or are Wood-Elves allowed? Or allowed if they have blood of the Teleri? After the defeat of Sauron, Galadriel will depart: but it seems her husband Celeborn cannot. From the Appendices, we learn that he expands his realm but then grows tired of ruling it alone, and moved to Rivendell to join the sons of Elrond.
"A marching host of Elves had come up silently: they were hastening toward the northern borders to guard against any attack from Moria; and they brought news, some of which Haldir reported. The marauding orcs had been waylaid and almost all destroyed; the remnant had fled westward towards the mountains, and were being pursued. A strange creature also had been seen, running with bent back and with hands near the ground, like a beast and yet not of beast-shape. It had eluded capture, and they had not shot it, not knowing whether it was good or ill, and it had vanished down the Silverlode southward.
"Haldir looked at them, and he seemed indeed to take the meaning of both thought and word. He smiled. `You feel the power of the Lady of the Galadhrim,' he said.
""[Frodo] lifted his eyes across the river and all the light went out, and he was back again in the world he knew. Beyond the river the land appeared flat and empty, formless and vague, until far away it rose again like a wall, dark and drear. The sun that lay on Lothlórien had no power to enlighten the shadow of that distant height.
"At the hill's foot Frodo found Aragorn, standing still and silent as a tree; but in his hand was a small golden bloom of elanor, and a light was in his eyes. He was wrapped in some fair memory: and as Frodo looked at him he knew that he beheld things as they once had been in this same place. For the grim years were removed from the face of Aragorn, and he seemed clothed in white, a young lord tall and fair; and he spoke words in the Elvish tongue to one whom Frodo could not see. Arwen vanimelda, namárië! he said, and then he drew a breath, and returning out of his thought he looked at Frodo and smiled.
Why he does not visit this nearby realm during his long reign as King of Arnor and Gondor is not explained.


The Institution of Structural Engineers is delighted to host the Schöck Industry workshop on Thursday 15th November 2018. A half-day workshop intended to bring the latest principles of structural thermal break design to Architects, Strucutral Engineers and Technicians. Register for free!
To provide an introduction to the latest principles of effective thermal break design and achieving optimum thermal break solutions at cantilever connections.
This workshop will be of interest to engineers wishing to accrue CPD points.


How To Own Web Space, a Domain Name and How to Associate them.
Having your own Website is just as equal as Owning a real estate property, means one can identify you with your Website. Website is the best way to share your thoughts, spread your business and showcase your products, talent and skills. Now a days we do almost everything online like shopping, booking tickets, watching videos, listening songs and many other things. But, the important thing is if you want to spread your thoughts to huge audience then there is no better option than having your own Website or Blog.
So lets assume you are a Computer Literate person and you managed to create your own Website. Now, comes the biggest question, where should i host this Website, right? But, you do have solutions here. You can host your Website on any free Hosting Provider. They are tons of available in the market like, 000webhost, freewebhostingarea.com and many more. They give you free Web Space, free Domain Name, free Database and many such facilities. But, believe me friends nothing comes for free in this world. They provide you free services, but the services are not reliable. Your website might get down at anytime, your data might get lost and many such things can happen which are not at all expected. You can use this free services but only when you are testing out or developing something. But if you are going live and reaching out to mass people then i will suggest don't select free services. It's always better to spend some money and take reliable services.
Today, I am going to tell you a way through which you can have your own Web space, your own Domain Name. That means you are in full control of your assets.
There are such service providers in market which offer really great services. And one of them which i really suggest is Amazon Web Services. AWS allows us to create our own Virtual Machine on their cloud, which they call as EC2 Instance. You can have any operating system you wish on your Server. They don't charge you anything for limited services for 1 year. But the limited services which AWS provides is not limited, it's much more than we expect. If you are a developer and test out something then AWS's free EC2 Instance can surely help you. After creating a virtual machine on AWS, you can host anything on your server like your own website, deploy applications. So, if you want to create your own virtual machine then refer to the tutorial below.
If you have your own server or virtual machine and you want that, the services hosted on your server should be accessed from outside world then you should have a Public IP for it. Public IP is the address by which your server is located. So, if you have created your virtual machine/ EC2 Instance on AWS. Then, how to get a public IP for it is explained in the tutorial below.
You are reading this means you are definitely having your own Public IP and a Domain Name. If you don't have Domain Name then you can purchase it from GoDaddy.com. Having an awesome Domain Name is as important as having a good design for your Website. Your domain name is the way by which people will identify your Website. But unless and until you associate your Domain Name with your Server's IP it is not possible. So how will you associate your Domain Name and your Server's IP on GoDaddy.com is explained in the tutorial below.
Great, if you have followed all the steps that means you are Hosting something on your very own Server. So, do let us know how does this tutorial helped you. What did you hosted on your server and what is your domain name.
If you find any difficulties or want some suggestions, post below.


May 10, 2011 - Make sure you like EcoJoes on Facebook to stay updated on green ways to save money and help the environment. Just click the "like" button below. Muchas gracias!
Resource Conservation – not only will a smaller house take up less space, but it'll save you money (both initially and through lower heating/cooling bills). Also, it'll require fewer materials than a bigger house to build. A typical new house sends around 3 to 5 tons of waste to a landfill and takes down a 3/4 of an acre of forest.
Less Housework – some people dream of owning gigantic mansion. They probably don't dream about the hours of cleaning (or money spent on a cleaner) that a large casa would need.
Higher Quality – A smaller house is generally cheaper than a bigger house. Take some of the money you saved to buy high quality furniture, sinks, appliances, you name it.
Efficient Heating/Cooling – If a tiny house is designed properly, it won't need any air ducts (or air filters!). That's one less thing to buy and maintain. Also, there are fewer unused rooms to heat and cool.
Less Pollution – A typical new house's construction adds 30 tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
More Time Outdoors – Less space indoors means you and/or your kids will spend more time outside. There are tons o' benefits of being outside, so I recommend it.
Are Tiny Houses for Everyone?
There are many more benefits of living in small houses (closer families, less unnecessary stuff), but it's not for everybody. Some people might not feel comfortable living in a small house, or might honestly feel like they need more room than the average bear.
Luckily, this book has tests you can do to see if living in a small house (on or off the grid) is for you. You might be surprised by how little room you use or want, or you might change your mind once you see some different kinds of small houses.
Whether you hate the idea of small houses, love the idea, or already live in a tiny house, I recommend reading Little House on a Big Planet. It's chock full of pictures, diagrams, interviews, and all sorts of information about life in small houses.
If you don't feel like buying the book, go check out your local public library and see if they have it. If all that fails, let me know if you're trying to borrow the book and maybe we can work something out, ya dig?
Posted in books, construction, eco footprint, green construction, green living, save money	on Tuesday, May 10th, 2011 at 9:28 PM.


What are the hottest Medical Assistant Schools in Jackson, MI?
There are 2 medical assistant schools in Jackson, Michigan. With an overall population of 36,316 and a student population of 10,161, approximately 10,161 of Jackson students attend one of Jackson's schools that offer medical assistant programs.
Jackson's largest medical assistant school is Jackson Community College. In 2010, Jackson Community College graduated approximately 69 students with credentials in medical assisting.
In 2010, 99 students graduated with a medical assisting degree from one of Jackson's medical assistant schools. If you decide to attend one of Jackson's medical assistant schools, you can expect to pay an average of $14,435 per year in instate tuition and $15,755 per year in out of state tuition.
In addition to tuition costs, you should plan on spending an average of $1,452 for books and supplies each year, while enrolled in a medical assistant program in Jackson. And if you live on campus, you will face an additional expense of $5,940 per year, on average, for room and board. If you live at home, you can cut this cost down to approximately $10,455.
If you plan on staying in Jackson after graduating from medical assistant school, you should know that job prospects for medical assistants in Jackson, which is the most popular medical assisting profession, are good. In 2010, of the 19,470 medical assistants in Michigan, 220 were working in the greater Jackson area. The government projects that the number of medical assistants in Jackson will increase by 25% by the year 2018. This projected change is slower than the projected nationwide trend for medical assistants.
The average salary you can expect to earn as a medical assistant in Jackson is $30,470 per year, which is higher than the average for medical assistants state-wide.


This is article 2 of the 7 part Realitysculp series.
Humans, as a self-aware and thinking creature, are natural users of information. Due to our unique capability to obtain, retain, comprehend, and connect information in ways incomprehensible to the lower animals, humans are not only masters of information, but critically dependent upon it. Data is our visibility into both the objective and subjective reality that makes up our complex existence. It is critical for us to have accurate and as complete information or data as possible for us to make proper choices. As natural as the use of information is to humans, so is the manipulation of information. As far back as human records exists, we example after example of information manipulation and deception.
Humans don't hold an exclusive on data manipulation either, by studying nature we see examples everywhere of lower life forms manipulating data. It could be insects that appear to be a branch on a tree to prevent becoming a meal for the birds, or a blow fish inflating itself when confronted with a predator or competitor. We see example after example were the animal kingdom attempts to present false data in the attempt to distort the truth for its own advantage.
Manipulation of data is so natural to humans that when faced with a stressful situation even the youngest of children resort to it. Any parent knows that the first time one of the children break something in house doing something they weren't supposed to, they almost always resort to some form of data manipulation to avoid the consequences. Maybe they try and hide the evidence and hope no one will notice, or they try and make it look like someone else is to blame. It is an everyday occurrence in the legal system that legal representation creates an "argument" for their clients. The reality is that these arguments are in fact presentations that attempts to frame or modify the context the data is presented in. This is so it either discredits or down plays the significates of data points against their client, while legitimizing and enhancing the significates of data points supporting their position.
The point is to understand that data use and manipulation is as natural to humans and breathing air. The importance of accurate and complete data is critical for human survival and prosperity. Yet despite the constant nearly moment to reminders that life as a human means we are consistently faced with manipulation of data or the context that the data is presented in we seem incapable of conceiving of the idea that those with the greatest motivation and capacity to manipulate data would ever do so. It is truly shocking is that in certain key situations we believe what we are told as unquestionably as day will follow night, and night will follow day. As users and masters of data in the information age, being skeptical about all information we are presented with is as critical as mouse checking every movement in the grass for a snake, and every shadow passing over head for a bird of prey.
Because the content and context of information is critical to forming any type of realistic and intelligent opinion, world view, and even thought, humans need to consistently take freedom of information action. Note that I am not speaking about any type of law, because law is not a real thing, it is nothing more than a construct of the human mind. Those capable of understanding what I just said can and will break the law as they see fit. What I mean by freedom of information action is to understand that there is ONLY one person in the world we can be absolutely certain is giving us the truth, and that is person ourselves. Freedom of information action means that we must bring strong and critical questions to every single piece of information we receive. We must look beyond the limited and normally self-serving context the information is framed in. We must understand that information is one of the most valuable assets humans have, and as such we always need to understand the motivation for sharing it. Once we understand the motivation, we can comprehend the contexts and limits of the information's accuracy.
Data input is the first of the key areas where the Realitysculp Cycle can be purposely manipulated and controlled by others. Give someone control of the content and context of information an individual or a population receives and eventually they can bring the information receivers to hold whatever point of view the one who control the information wishes.
Conversely this also becomes the individual's first opportunity at free self-direction. Most everyone alive today was raised in an education system that taught us the concept of "Approved" or "Authorized" information sources. As we will see later, our young minds accepted these concepts without asking two very important and fundamental questions. Who did the approving and authorizing, and what makes these sources credible? Never are we exposed to the concept of the potential conflict of interest that an education system that teach us that we should ONLY consider information from "authorized" sources, of which the education system is one. Without this consideration, in a single move, the school master convinces the student that they will expand their horizons, while simultaneously limiting them to a world view based upon the "Approved" syllabus. Think about it just for a moment, the very fact that the label "Approved" or "Authorized" is added to information or an information source means that someone OTHER than you has reviewed and censored the data to ensure that it presents the data in the context someone OTHER than you decided you should see. In other words, the terms "Approved" or "Authorized" attached to information means SPIN.
To exist as a free individual one cannot accept the data provided by an "Approved" or "Authorized" source because we know it has been tainted, poisoned, altered, or is incomplete. Indeed they must seek out information from multiple sources that are both independent from each other as well as lacking anyone's "Approval". In our modern world, this doesn't mean watching CNN and FOX to get "opposing sides" of the issue. Both CNN and FOX are part of the 2400+ main stream media outlets that are owned by five (5) individuals or corporations, all of which ultimately receive their new stories from the Associated Press Network. These 2400+ main stream media outlets all have partnerships with each other and Governments. Remember "Approved" or "Authorized" means SPIN. While seeing CNN and FOX argue about what an event means, a free individual should be questioning if the event even took place.
Being a healthy skeptic isn't always easy, and is becoming more difficult as control over the internet and alternative information sources tightens. However, it is not any Government made law that prevents most individuals from obtaining independent information from alternative sources, but instead it is the irrational social stigma attached to individuals who break away from the herd. It is as if we all have forgotten our nature, the one that understands we must question how much truth is in the sales pitch and whether or not we are being lead into a trap.
Information is very powerful weapon. Its power rivals that of weapons of mass death such as those controlled by Armies. Indeed information or rather misinformation has been used to justify the killing of hundreds of millions in just the last century. Yet while our survival instincts place us on alert when just a single person approaches with a knife or gun in their possession, the average person's survival instinct seems to just evaporate in the presences of those holding the much deadlier weapons of media control. Awaken your survival instincts again and realize that control of your information is more dangerous than any gun or knife.
Dedicated to bringing awareness of the meaning of events that hold significant impact to the security and quality of the lives of the common person, Bob Jones writes on subjects striking at the core of our existence Bringing not a list of titles or literary honors, but instead common sense and reasoning to concepts and events under educational and media blackout from the population as a whole. He also is the publisher of a website dedicated to the elimination of human suffering . Explore other articles by clicking on the link or by visiting us at http://www.dragontamers.com/?page_id=543.


Tenuta Cucco wines will be on show for the first time at the XXVII Merano WineFestival – Naturae et purae – bio&dynamica. The audience will meet Barolo Serralunga d'Alba 2014 and Barolo Cerrati 2014. Tenuta Cucco has just finished its three-year-long process and now it has been declared a farm which works according the organic principles, in cellar and in the vineyards. Let's see there!


Pairing Hellman's Ranch and the traditional Mexican masa to create delicious bold tortillas that put a new spin on flavorful profiles for vegetarians and meat-eaters alike.
Place masa harina and flour in a bowl. To make this gluten free, omit the flour and add one extra cup of masa harina.
The tortilla dough should hold tough when squeezed. It should not be sticky nor should it be dry. If sticky, add more masa harina. If dry, add more Ranch dressing. Wrap the dough with plastic wrap and leave at room temperature while preparing the filling.
Place on a sheet tray and roast at 350 degrees convection until cooked through, about 20 minutes.
Prepare each tortilla press by lining it with a folded piece of parchment paper.
Top each taco with 1 Tbsp of guacamole and 1 tsp of salsa roja.


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ITEMS FROM FEDERAL REGISTER
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ITEMS FROM TODAY'S FEDERAL REGISTER
1. USTR: "Notice of China's Compliance with World Trade Organization Commitments"
(Source: Federal Register, 18 Aug 2020)
85 FR 50864: Notice
* AGENCY: Office of the United States Trade Representative.
* ACTION: Notice.
* SUMMARY: The interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) invites comments to assist the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) in the preparation of its annual report to Congress on China's compliance with the commitments made in connection with its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Due to COVID-19, the TPSC will foster public participation via written questions and responses relating to the comments received by the TPSC rather than an in-person hearing. This notice includes the schedule for submission of comments, questions and responses.
* DATES: – September 16, 2020 at 11:59 p.m. EDT: Deadline for submission of comments.
– September 30, 2020 at 11:59 p.m. EDT: Deadline for the TPSC to pose questions on comments.
– October 14, 2020 at 11:59 p.m. EDT: Deadline for submission of commenters' responses to TPSC questions.
* ADDRESSES: USTR strongly prefers electronic submissions made through the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov (Regulations.gov). The instructions for submitting comments are in sections 3 and 4 below. The docket number is USTR-2020-0033. For alternatives to online submissions, please contact Yvonne Jamison at Yvonne_D_Jamison@ustr.eop.gov or (202) 395-3475 before transmitting a comment and in advance of the relevant deadline.
* FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For procedural questions concerning written submissions, contact Yvonne Jamison at Yvonne_D_Jamison@ustr.eop.gov or (202) 395-3475. Direct all other questions to Tsering Dhongthog, Senior Director for China Affairs, at (202) 395-3900, or Arthur N. Tsao, Chief Counsel for China Enforcement, at (202) 395-3150.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2. Items Scheduled for Future Federal Register Editions
(Source: Federal Register)
* Commerce/BIS: RULES; Addition of Huawei Non-U.S. Affiliates to the Entity List, the Removal of Temporary General License, and Amendments to General Prohibition Three (Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule) [Pub. Date: 20 Aug 2020] (PDF)
* Commerce/BIS: RULES; Clarification of Entity List Requirements for Listed Entities When Acting as a Party to the Transaction under the Export Administration Regulations) [Pub. Date: 20 Aug 2020] (PDF)
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5. EU Sanctions: "UNSC Defeats Draft Resolution to Extend Iran Arms Embargo"
(Source: EU Sanctions, 17 Aug 2020) [Excerpts]
We reported on 6 August 2020 that the US had proposed a draft resolution to the UN Security Council to extend the arms embargo on Iran, which is due to expire on 18 October 2020. A second draft resolution was subsequently put forward on 13 August 2020, which was defeated by a vote of 2 in favour (the US and the Dominican Republic), 2 against (China and Russia), and 11 abstentions. See press release.
Following the vote, the US Ambassador to the UN, Kelly Craft, said in a statement that, under Resolution 2231, the US has a right to initiate a snapback of provisions contained in previous resolutions (which would re-impose sanctions on Iran), and that "in the coming days, the United States will follow through on that promise to stop at nothing to extend the arms embargo".
The UK issued a statement on its decision to abstain, saying that because the resolution lacked support and could not achieve consensus, it would not contribute to security and stability in the region. It reiterated that the UK does not support a snapback of sanctions, as this would be incompatible with the E3's efforts to preserve the nuclear deal.
6. Reuters: "U.S. Tightening Restrictions on Huawei Access to Technology, Chips"
(Source: Reuters, 17 Aug 2020) [Excerpts]
The Trump administration on Monday announced it will further tighten restrictions on Huawei Technologies Co, aimed at cracking down on its access to commercially available chips.
The U.S. Commerce Department actions expand restrictions announced in May aimed at preventing the Chinese telecommunications giant from obtaining semiconductors without a special license – including chips made by foreign firms that have been developed or produced with U.S. software or technology.
The administration also added 38 Huawei affiliates in 21 countries to the U.S. government's economic blacklist, the sources said, raising the total to 152 affiliates since Huawei was first added in May 2019.
... "The new rule makes it clear that any use of American software or American fabrication equipment is banned and requires a license." …
With U.S.-China relations at their worst in decades, Washington is pushing governments around to world to squeeze out Huawei, arguing it would hand over data to the Chinese government for spying. Huawei denies it spies for China. …
The new actions, effective immediately, should prevent Huawei's attempts to circumvent U.S. export controls, Commerce said. …
A new separate rule requires companies on the economic blacklist to obtain a license when a company on the list, like Huawei, acts "as a purchaser, intermediate consignee, ultimate consignee, or end user."
The department also confirmed it will not extend a temporary general license that expired Friday for users of Huawei devices and telecommunication providers. Parties must now submit license applications for transactions previously authorized.
The department said it was allowing the temporary general license to expire covering support to existing "personal consumer electronic devices." …
Huawei's HiSilicon division has relied on software from U.S. companies such as Cadence Design Systems Inc (CDNS.O) and Synopsys Inc (SNPS.O) to design its chips. It outsourced the production to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) (2330.TW), which uses equipment from U.S. companies.
TSMC has said it will not ship wafers to Huawei after Sept. 15.
7. Arent Fox: "Huawei Rule Part 2: You 'Use', You Lose (Government Contracts)"
(Source: Arent Fox, 13 Aug 2020)
* Principal Author: Travis L. Mullaney, Esq., 1-202-828-3477, Arent Fox LLP
The new regulations prohibit government agencies from entering into, extending, or renewing a contract with contractors if they use any equipment, system, or service that uses certain Chinese telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential components of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system.
On July 14, the member agencies of the US government Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") Council, published a long-awaited interim rule (the "Interim Rule") implementing Section 889(a)(1)(B) of the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act (FY19 NDAA), which prohibits government agencies from "enter[ing] into a contract (or extend[ing] or renew[ing] a contract) with an entity that uses any equipment, system, or service that uses covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as a critical technology as part of a system." (emphasis added). The Interim Rule, which goes into effect August 13, 2020, represents the second phase of implementation of Section 889. It follows on the heels of the rule implementing Section 889(a)(1)(A) last year, which prohibits government agencies from procuring or obtaining such equipment, systems, or services. For purposes of both sections, "[c]overed telecommunications equipment" includes, among others, telecommunications equipment manufactured by Huawei or ZTE, as well as video surveillance and telecommunications equipment (when used for public safety, national security, or security of government facilities and critical infrastructure) produced by three Chinese telecom companies, their subsidiaries and affiliates, and others that may be identified in future.
The Interim Rule imposes a dramatic, wide-sweeping additional restriction on government contractors, requiring a representation with each offer "whether covered telecommunications equipment or services are used by the offeror." The new rule clarifies that the Section 889(a)(1)(B) restriction extends beyond a government contractor's business with the US government to a government contractor's entire business. Given the breadth of companies that the Interim Rule currently applies to, and the fact that additional companies may be added to the list in future, government contractors now face a daunting task of identifying and representing to the US government whether or not they use covered telecommunications equipment in any of their businesses. The consequences of failing to comply are significant, as an inaccurate representation could constitute a breach of contract, expose the contractor to potential false claims liability, and lead to significant financial loss for government contractors.
The restrictions in the FY19 NDAA stem from an effort to eliminate a perceived threat to the supply chain posed by certain Chinese companies, including Huawei and ZTE, as well as concerns regarding certain Chinese companies' use of video surveillance and facial recognition technology. Specifically, the Interim Rule cautions that "[t]he exfiltration of sensitive data from contractor systems arising from contractors' use of covered telecommunications equipment or services could also harm important governmental, privacy, and business interests."
As we reported in our alert last year, the rule implementing Section 889(a)(1)(A) of the FY19 NDAA took effect on August 13, 2019. That interim rule prohibited executive agencies from:
procuring or obtaining, or extending or renewing a contract to procure or obtain, any equipment, system, or service that uses covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system, unless [an exception or waiver applies].
This initial prohibition flows down to a government contractor's subcontractors at all tiers.
While Section 889(a)(1)(A) and its implementing rule remain in effect, the restrictions imposed by the now-effective Section 889(a)(1)(B) take an expansive next step. By prohibiting government agencies from entering into a contract (or extending or renewing one) with an entity that even uses any equipment, system, or service that itself makes use of covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system, the government has eliminated any required direct nexus between the covered telecommunications equipment and the government contract.
The Interim Rule implementing Section 889(a)(1)(B) amends the following sections of the FAR:
FAR subpart 4.21, Prohibition on Contracting for Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment.
The provision at 52.204-24, Representation Regarding Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment.
The contract clause at 52.204-25, Prohibition on Contracting for Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment.
What Does the Interim Rule Cover?
As mentioned, the Interim rule applies to federal contractors that use "covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system." It applies to all US government contractors with FAR-covered contracts. The Interim Rule applies only to "offeror" entities and does not flow down to subcontractors, unlike Section 889(a)(1)(A). While the current definition of offeror does not cover corporate families (such as domestic affiliates and subsidiaries), the FAR Council is considering extending the restriction to domestic corporate families in one year's time by August 13, 2021, but apparently is not currently considering extending the restriction to affiliated parties outside the United States.
The Interim Rule maintains the same definition of "critical technology" set forth in the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 ("FIRRMA"), which primarily consists of export-controlled items, as well as the definitions of "Covered foreign country," "Covered telecommunications equipment or services," and "Substantial or essential component."
Notably, "substantial or essential component" is defined broadly in FAR 4.2101 to mean "any component necessary for the proper function or performance of a piece of equipment, system, or service."
What Do Government Contractors Have to Do Now?
The Interim Rule requires government contractors to provide a submission along with each offer that represents, "after conducting a reasonable inquiry, whether covered telecommunications equipment or services are used by the offeror." The representation would be added as an additional section to FAR 52.204-24, Representation Regarding Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment. While this representation is currently being imposed on a solicitation-by-solicitation, contract-by-contract basis, the representation eventually will be added as just one of the myriad representations required for contractors to submit (and update at least annually) in the System for Award Management (SAM).
The Interim Rule provides that "[a]n entity may represent that it does not use covered telecommunications equipment or services, or use any equipment, system, or service that uses covered telecommunications equipment or services within the meaning of this rule, if a reasonable inquiry by the entity does not reveal or identify any such use." The Interim Rule defines "reasonable inquiry" as one "designed to uncover any information in the entity's possession about the identity of the producer or provider of covered telecommunications equipment or services used by the entity. A reasonable inquiry need not include an internal or third-party audit." However, the preamble to the Interim Rule does clarify that the FAR Council expects the offeror's "reasonable inquiry" to include the covered telecommunications equipment of any supplier or subcontractor, "regardless of whether that used is in performance of work under a Federal Contract."
If the offeror indicates that it does use covered telecommunications equipment, the offeror will be required to provide an explanation for why such usage does not violate the restrictions imposed by the act and regulation.
No Third-Party Backhaul Services Exception for Contractors under 889(a)(1)(B)
As we noted in our prior alert, the statute includes two exceptions at 889(a)(2)(A) and (B). First, section 889(a)(2)(A) allows the head of an executive agency to procure with an entity "to provide a service that connects to the facilities of a third-party, such as backhaul, roaming, or interconnection arrangements."
The Interim Rule now has a definition of "backhaul," which "means intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network, and the small subnetworks at the edge of the network (e.g., connecting cell phones/towers to the core telephone network). Backhaul can be wireless (e.g., microwave) or wired (e.g., fiber optic, coaxial cable, Ethernet)."
However, the Interim Rule adds that the 889(a)(2)(A) exception "does not apply to a contractor's use of a service that connects to the facilities of a third-party, such as backhaul, roaming, or interconnection arrangements." Thus, this exception does not apply to contractors using such systems under 889(a)(1)(B).
Second, section 889(a)(2)(B) allows an entity to use "telecommunications equipment that cannot route or redirect user data traffic or [cannot] permit visibility into any user data or packets that such equipment transmits or otherwise handles." It is not clear whether the exception would apply if the telecommunications equipment were capable of transmitting data but is appropriately air-gapped to prevent transmission of that data (such as using covered video surveillance devices as part of a closed-circuit system).
One-time Waiver Process
Section 889(d)(1) of the FY2019 NDAA allows the head of an executive agency to issue a one-time waiver on a case-by-case basis. Any such waiver will expire no later than August 13, 2022. Once this period expires, executive agencies must comply with the prohibition.
The Interim Rule provides that the executive agency's decision whether to start the waiver process will be "based on market research and feedback from Government contractors during the acquisition process, in concert with other internal factors."
The Interim Rule makes clear that, if an offeror submits an offer with a representation "that it uses covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of a system, or as critical technology as part of any system and no exception applies," the offeror will be treated as seeking a waiver. Following such a submission, the contracting officer will have to consider whether a waiver is necessary, and then request information on the following from the offeror:
a compelling justification for additional time to implement the requirements under section 889(a)(1)(B);
"a full and complete laydown of the presences of covered telecommunications or video surveillance equipment or services in the entity's supply chain"; and
"a phase-out plan to eliminate such covered telecommunications equipment or services from the entity's systems."
An offeror may also proactively submit this information along with their offer before the contracting officer has decided to initiate the formal waiver process.
The Interim Rule notes that it might not be possible to determine whether a waiver should be considered until offers have been received and the executive agency has analyzed representations from offerors.
Compliance Steps and Noncompliance Risks
The Interim Rule highlights the importance "for contractors to develop a compliance plan that will allow them to submit accurate representations to the Government in the course of their offers." The Interim Rule, therefore, suggests that "a robust, risk-based compliance approach will help reduce the likelihood of noncompliance." It notes that the FAR Council assumes the following steps would be a part of a compliance plan developed by any entity:
Entities should familiarize themselves with the rule.
Entities must "determine through a reasonable inquiry whether the entity itself uses 'covered telecommunications' equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system." As noted above, this inquiry should include subcontractors and suppliers providing the offeror with covered telecommunications equipment and services.
Entities should educate their "purchasing/procurement, and materials management professionals to ensure they are familiar with the entity's compliance plan."
If covered equipment and services are identified, an entity must "implement procedures if the entity decides to replace existing covered telecommunications equipment or services and ensure new equipment and services acquired for use by the entity are compliant."
An entity should "provide representation to the Government regarding whether the entity uses covered telecommunications equipment and services and alert the Government if use is discovered during contract performance."
"For entities for which a waiver will be requested, (1) develop a phase-out plan to phase-out existing covered telecommunications equipment or services, and (2) provide waiver information to the Government to include the phase-out plan and the complete laydown of the presence of the covered telecommunications equipment or services."
The Interim Rule notes that failure to comply constitutes a breach of contract from a purely contractual point of view, and may consequently "lead to cancellation, termination, and financial consequences." As the contractor must also submit an affirmative representation as to whether it uses covered equipment, a misrepresentation could expose to the contractor to false claims liability as well.
The Interim Rule allows interested parties to submit written comments on or before September 14, 2020, to be considered in the formation of the final rule. Interested parties may want to comment on the following issues:
The Interim Rule does not define "use," "system," or "critical infrastructure." These definitions are critical to identifying the scope of the rule.
The Interim Rule was issued very shortly before the effective date of Section 889(a)(1)(B), giving stakeholders little time to implement compliance measures. The cost of compliance with this rule may be significant, and government contractors may not have many viable alternatives to the covered telecommunications equipment. Commenters may want to urge the government to consider implementing a grace period for compliance, in addition to the waiver provision already set forth in the rule.
Comments can be submitted on the Federal eRulemaking portal under FAR Case 2019-009.
8. Blakes: "New U.S. Tariffs on Canadian Aluminum and Canadian Retaliatory Surtaxes Coming"
(Source: Blakes, 14 Aug 2020)
* Principal Author: Greg Kanargelidis, 1-416-863-4306, Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
On August 6, 2020, President Donald Trump announced that the United States will be re-imposing a 10 per cent tariff on Canadian aluminum as of August 16, 2020. Canada responded immediately by announcing that by September 16, 2020, it will impose surtaxes or similar trade-restrictive countermeasures on aluminum and other aluminum containing goods imported from the U.S., on a dollar-for-dollar basis as the U.S. measures. The proposed Canadian surtaxes will be set at 10 per cent, the same rate that the U.S. will apply against Canadian aluminum.
The Government of Canada is accepting submissions from industry until September 6, 2020, on the proposed list of affected goods. Companies affected may wish to make submissions by the deadline.
In May 2018, President Trump, acting pursuant to section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum products from Canada on the basis that imports of these goods threatened to impair U.S. national security. Canada responded with countermeasures of its own. One year later, in May 2019, Canada and the U.S. mutually agreed to terminate their respective tariffs and surtaxes, and, in a joint statement, agreed that should imports surge in future and tariffs are re-imposed, the affected country may impose countermeasures, but only in the same affected sector. Since that time, Canada has benefitted from an exemption from the U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum that remain imposed on other countries. However, by proclamation dated August 6, 2020, President Trump carved out from the exemption "non-alloyed unwrought aluminum provided for in subheading 7601.10" of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. Therefore, as of August 16, 2020, all such goods shipped from Canada to the U.S. will be subject to a 10 per cent U.S. tariff.
CANADA'S RESPONSE
The Canadian measures are intended specifically to offset the U.S. measures and affect only U.S. origin goods. They will apply to imports of U.S. origin goods valued at an amount equivalent to the value of Canada's exports to the U.S. that are subject to the U.S. tariffs. Canada has published a list of proposed goods to be subject to a surtax of 10 per cent, the same levels of duties that the U.S. has applied to Canadian aluminum imports.
As set out in the Notice of Intent to Impose Countermeasures Action Against the United States in Response to Tariffs on Canadian Aluminum Products, Canada intends to apply the 10 per cent surtax to certain aluminum products covered primarily by chapter 76 of the List of Tariff Provisions, as well as other chapters covering items related to or including aluminum. For example, potentially affected goods of U.S. origin imported into Canada include the following aluminum goods:
Unwrought aluminum
Aluminum waste and scrap
Aluminum powders
Aluminum bars, rods and profiles; wire; plates, sheets and strip; foil; tubes and pipes
Aluminum structures, tanks, vats and similar containers, including aluminum cans
In addition, Canada is proposing to charge the 10 per cent surtax on various other U.S. origin goods of aluminum, organized by Chapters of Canada's Tariff Schedule as follows:
Chapter 26 – aluminum ores; slag, ash and residues of aluminum
Chapter 28 – aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide and fluorides, chlorides and sulfates of aluminum
Chapter 32 – pigments used in paints and dyes
Chapter 38 – reaction initiators
Chapter 84 – refrigerators, washing machines
Chapter 87 – bicycles; certain livestock trailers
Chapter 94 – metal furniture; prefabricated buildings
Chapter 95 – golf clubs; sports articles such as bats, hockey sticks, etc.
The surtaxes will apply only to goods originating in the U.S. that are entitled to be marked as a good of the U.S. in accordance with the Determination of Country of Origin for the Purposes of Marking Goods (CUSMA Countries) Regulations. This will limit the measures to goods of U.S. origin, rather than goods originating in third-party countries that are transiting through, or merely being distributed by the U.S.
The proposed Canadian surtaxes are expected to be imposed by September 16, 2020, and the government has given potentially impacted parties until September 6, 2020, to make submissions to the Department of Finance regarding expressed support for, or concern with, the proposed countermeasures. The Canadian government has requested that any submissions focus on products at the eight-digit tariff item level.
The measures being imposed by the U.S. and Canada come at an unfortunate time, just over one month since the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement came into force, and in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has already negatively affected trade between Canada and the U.S. The tariffs and surtaxes will serve to increase production costs in the U.S. and the price of further processed aluminum products – such as auto parts and beer and other beverage cans – when sold in the U.S. and/or Canada. It is also unclear whether the U.S. is considering re-imposing tariffs on Canadian steel products. In short, the measures announced by the U.S. and by Canada introduce a new level of risk and uncertainty for business at a time when many are vulnerable.
Companies using aluminum in their operations should consider participating in Canada's consultation process, including making a case for exclusions from any resulting surtaxes should there be a shortage of a particular aluminum product in Canada that is necessary for production.
9. Nicholas Turner: "Sanctions Top-5 for the Week Ending 14 Aug"
(Source: Medium, 18 Aug 2020)
* Author: Nicholas Turner, Esq., 852-5998-7559, Steptoe & Johnson HK
Here are five things that happened this week in the world of economic sanctions that I think you should know about.
(1) The US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the seizure of more than 1 million barrels of Iranian gasoline from four vessels headed to Venezuela, pursuant to a US federal court order issued in early July 2020. The Wall Street Journal reported that the Greek owners of the ships were persuaded to hand over the gasoline after being threatened with US sanctions. The fuel was loaded on tankers headed to Houston, Texas, where it could be resold to support the US Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund, according to a US State Department announcement.
(2) You win some you lose some. The United Nations Security Council rejected US-backed Resolution S/2020/797, which would have extended UN sanctions on Iran set to expire in October 2020 under the timetable set in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The US State Department issued a statement calling the Security Council's vote "inexcusable." The UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office stated the UK government remains "resolutely committed" to the JCPOA.
(3) The US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a USD 5,000 settlement with an unnamed individual for violations of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Sanctions Regulations. According to the settlement notice, the individual, who was employed at the US embassy in Bogotá, Colombia, "bought jewelry, meals, clothing, hotel rooms, and other gifts" for a Specially Designated National (SDN) with whom he or she had a personal relationship.
(4) Donald Trump issued an Executive Order requiring Bytedance Ltd. to "divest all interests and rights in any assets or property used to enable or support the operation of TikTok" and data related to TikTok's users in the United States. The order follows a review by the Committee on Foreign Investments in the United States (CFIUS) of ByteDance's 2017 acquisition of Musical.ly.
(5) OFAC issued a Sudan Program and Darfur Sanctions Guidance summarizing the restrictions on Sudan and Darfur and reminding everyone that "US persons are no longer prohibited from engaging in transactions with respect to Sudan or the Government of Sudan" since 12 October 2017. Meanwhile, the State Department announced a travel ban against unnamed individuals "residing both inside and outside Sudan" believed to be involved in undermining implementation of Sudan's 2019 Political Agreement and Constitutional Declaration.
Hark, in fair Bogotá, where we lay our scene. OFAC's settlement with the unnamed Romeo (or Juliet) sends a commonsense message to US government employees posted overseas: don't fraternize with SDNs. It looks bad. But it also underscores the broad prohibition against US persons anywhere dealing directly or indirectly with SDNs and other blocked persons. What does dealing mean? As OFAC states in the settlement notice: "All US persons . . . should exercise caution before voluntarily engaging in relationships with foreign persons that the US person knows, or reasonably should know, may have a sanctions nexus, as any financial transaction or exchange of goods or services with a designated person – even in the context of a personal relationship – may constitute a violation of US sanctions." OFAC does not have a de minimis threshold for violations.
OFAC's guidance is particularly timely given last week's designation of 11 Hong Kong and PRC officials, including several prominent members of the Hong Kong government. Something tells me they won't be getting as many red packets this year.
10. ECS Presents:"3rd Annual ITAR/EAR Symposium and Managing ITAR/EAR Complexities"
(Source: ECS)
* What: 3rd Annual ITAR/EAR Symposium and Managing ITAR/EAR Complexities 2-Day Webinar
* When: September 16-17, 2020
* Where: Your Computer
* Sponsor: Export Compliance Solutions & Consulting (ECS)
* ECS and Guest Speakers: Suzanne Palmer, Mal Zerden, Lisa Bencivenga, Debi Davis, Scott Jackson
* Register: here or write to liz@exportcompliancesolutions.com or call 1-866-238-4018
11. FCC Academy Presents 4 Webinars: U.S. Export Controls: ITAR & EAR | FMS | Designing and Implementing an ICP
ITAR & EAR from a non-US perspective
Special Offer: $199
The ABC of Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Designing and Implementing an ICP
Tuesday, 6 October 2020 More Info
Wednesday, 7 October
12. Bartlett's Unfamiliar Quotations
(Source: Editor)
* Marshall Field (18 Aug 1834 – 16 Jan 1906; was an American entrepreneur and the founder of Marshall Field and Company, the Chicago-based department stores. His business was renowned for its then-exceptional level of quality and customer service.)
– "Goodwill is the only asset that competition cannot undersell or destroy."
13. Are Your Copies of Regulations Up to Date?
The official versions of the following regulations are published annually in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.), but are updated as amended in the Federal Register. The latest amendments are listed below.
DHS CUSTOMS REGULATIONS: 19 CFR, Ch. 1, Pts. 0-199.
5 Apr 2019: 84 FR 13499:
Civil Monetary Penalty Adjustments for Inflation.
DOC EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS (EAR): 15 CFR Subtit. B, Ch. VII, Pts. 730-774.
31 Jul 2020: 85 FR 45998: Revision of the Export Administration Regulations and Suspension of License Exceptions for Hong Kong.
DOC FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS (FTR): 15 CFR Part 30. 24 Apr 2018: 83 FR 17749: Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR): Clarification on the Collection and Confidentiality of Kimberley Process Certificates.
DOD NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM OPERATING MANUAL (NISPOM)
: DoD 5220.22-M. Implemented by Dep't of Defense.
18 May 2016: Change 2: Implement an insider threat program; reporting requirements for Cleared Defense Contractors; alignment with Federal standards for classified information systems; incorporated and cancelled Supp. 1 to the NISPOM (Summary here.)
DOE ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC ENERGY ACTIVITIES: 10 CFR Part 810. 23 Feb 2015: 80 FR 9359: comprehensive updating of regulations, updates the activities and technologies subject to specific authorization and DOE reporting requirements.
DOE EXPORT AND IMPORT OF NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL; 10 CFR Part 110.
15 Nov 2017, 82 FR 52823: miscellaneous corrections include correcting references, an address and a misspelling.
DOJ ATF ARMS IMPORT REGULATIONS: 27 CFR Part 447-Importation of Arms, Ammunition, and Implements of War.
14 Mar 2019: 84 FR 9239: Bump-Stock-Type Devices.
DOS INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS (ITAR): 22 C.F.R. Ch. I, Subch. M, Pts. 120-130.
29 Jul 2020: 85 FR 45513 Extension to Certain Temporary Suspensions, Modifications, and Exceptions due to Corona Virus. The latest edition of the BITAR is 29 July 2020.
DOT FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS (OFAC FACR): 31 CFR, Parts 500-599, Embargoes, Sanctions, Executive Orders
17 Jul 2020: 85 FR 43436: Nicaragua Sanctions Regulations.
USITC HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES (HTS, HTSA or HTSUSA), Revision 8.
1 Jan 2019: 19 USC 1202 Annex.
2020 Harmonized Tariff System
– HTS codes for AES are available here.
– HTS codes that are not valid for AES are available here.
– 27 Apr 2020 HSU 2004.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
By United States. War Department
may be telling the truth. Informant left hış brigade at 7.20 p. m., more than an hour before the other passed along the line, finding the corps had moved. Informant came to our pickets about 8 o'clock last night to exchange papers and trade, at which time he had no idea of deserting. In conversation with our pickets, having learned that de serters were well treated, he was induced to remain on this side. Though a deserter, he is a man of considerable intelligence, and may think it is dishonorable to disclose such an important movement to the enemy. We forgot to mention that the deserter from the Eighth Alabama Regiment saw the wagon trains of Anderson's old division (Mahone's) harnessed and ready for a move, and the camp of the division hospital broken up. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JNO. C. BABCOCK.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
July 11, 1864—10.15 p. m. Colonel SHARPE,
Deputy Provost-Marshal-General: Have you heard anything from the scouts you were to send to Petersburg, or from any others?
A. A, HUMPHREYS, Major-General and Chief of Staff
Maj. Gen. A. A. HUMPHREYS,
Chief of Staff: GENERAL: Scouts to agent from Petersburg went out this p. m. and return in the morning. Nothing later than the deserter from Mahone's division. Respectfully,
J. C. BABCOCK.
(JULY 11, 1864.–For Williains to Hunt and Duane communicating Meade's approval of report of 10th instant (p. 125), see Part I, p. 287.
HIEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
July 11, 1861. Major General HUMPHREYS,
Chief of Staff: GENERAL: The enemy are at work on their new line in the rear of front line west of the Gregory house. A train of six box-cars backed out from the lead-works at 6 a. m., and having gone a few hundred yards returned toward the city.
I have the honor, general, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. F. FISHER, Captain and Chief Signal Officer.
HEADQUARTERS FIFTH CORPS,
July 11, 1861–9 a. m. Capt. B. F. FISHER:
A small party of rebels is engaged upon the line of works to the left and rear of Gregory's house. They are digging in a ditch in the front of the line, which now appears much larger than a rifle-pit. All quiet in other directions.
1. S. LYON,
Lieutenant and Signal Officer. (Same to General Warren.)
RIVER-BANK, SPRING HILL, July 11, 1861–11 a, m. Captain NORTON:
The enemy are throwing up a redoubt with a heavy abatis nearly in a direct line between my station and the railroad station, about one mile and a half east of railroad station, on their last line of breastworks.
SIMONS, Lieutenant and Acting Signal Officer.
PLANK ROAD SIGNAL STATION,
July 11, 1864—1 p. m. Capt. B. F. FISHER:
The only movement of troops seen to-day was a detachment of about 250 infantry who marched from their picket-line to the camps in the woods north of station and near Petersburg. No troops seen in direction of Weldon railroad. A train of four box-cars passed into city at 11 a. m. No large columns of dust. The woods south of Petersburg have been on fire.
J. B. DUFF, Lieutenant and Signal Officer.
[Indorsement.)
Respectfully forwarded.
It is the answer to my inquiry whether columns of dust were seen from his station.
B. F. FISHER,
Captain, dr.
HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, SIGNAL DEPARTMENT,
July 11, 1864. Maj. Gen. A. A. HUMPHREYS,
Chief of Staff: GENERAL: I have the honor to forward the following reply to your question of this afternoon:
JORDAN'S HOUSE, July 11, 1864–3.30 p. m. The column of dust extends across the Appomattox and about two miles beyond in a northwesterly direction.
The signal officer upon the station near Fifth Corps headquarters reports:
Parties of enemy still at work shoveling on line of intrenchments to left and rear of Gregory's house.
LYON,
Lieutenant. By order: Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. S. STRYKER, First Lieutenant and Adjutant of Signal Corps.
Chief of Staff :
GENERAL: The following report from the plank road station:
This p. m. discovered the enemy engaged on a new work about one mile and a quarter due north from station on the distant edge of the plain in rear of Gregory's house. The work is curved, with two faces fronting east and south, and seemed to be of considerable strength. It is built with embrasures, and is abont a quarter of a mile in length. The enemy have also been at work since noon on their second line west of plank road.
J. B. DUFF,
Signal Oficer. I have the honor, general, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JULY 11, 1864. Captain FISHER:
A huge column of dense smoke rising for the past hour in front of Ninth Corps, south-southwest from here, now disappearing. A few men seen in works at Farley's. Some of them have blue pants. Horsemen, ambulances, and wagons passing to and fro on the Richmond and Pe. tersburg road.
Rebel messages:
L, H. B.:
Are you going this p. m.; if so, what time shall H. be ready? Answer.
ROUX.
8.15 A. M.
Colonel BRENT,
Assistant Adjutant-General : One gun-boat above and one below the pontoon. (Same to A. B.)
W. S. L.
Colonel BRENT:
All quiet this a, m.
The station that received the messages to Colonel Brent is at a point southwest from here, and near the Richmond and Petersburg road.
CHAS. L. DAVIS,
Captain, &c.
July 11, 1864. Captain CLARK,
Signal Officer on Jordan's House, near General Smith's Hdqrs: CAPTAIN: You failed to make a report to me this a. m. of matters reported to Colonel Burton. Hereafter you will place in the telegraph office a message for me prior to, or simultaneous with, the one you may hand to a member of Smith's staff. You must strictly bear in mind that you are connected with this army, and that you report to me. How about the cars with troops?
JORDAN HOUSE SIGNAL STATION,
I have made no report to Colonel Burton. At the request of Lieutenant Paul, of Colonel Burton's staff, I directed Sergeant Sleeper to report to him to assist in diverting the fire of the 13-inch mortar. I report no movement of troops on railroad. A heavy column of dust in Petersburg, extending about two miles in a northwest direction.
T. R. CLARK, Captain and Acting Signal Officer,
July 11, 1864. Capt. T. R. CLARK,
Signal Officer, Eighteenth Corps : Is column of dust all on this side of Appomattox, or does it extend from Petersburg across the Appomattox and two miles from it in a northwest direction ?*
Chief Signal Officer.
Chief of Staff: GENERAL: I have the honor to forward the following report from the officer at the station near Eighteenth Corps headquarters:
I report no movement of troops on railroad. A heavy column of dust in Petersburg, extending about two miles in a northwesterly direction.
Captain. By order: I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
July 11, 1864—3,40 p. m. Major-General HUMPHREYS,
Chief of Staff: GENERAL: The signal officer at this point says he made no report to Colonel Burton as stated. Neither did any cars go into Petersburg to-day with his knowledge.
WALTHALL HOUSE, July 11, 1864—7.25 p. m. Captain FISHER,
Chief Signal Officer, Headquarters Army of the Potomac:
Intercepted the following rebel messages:
E. B.:
Enemy has opened another mortar battery. It is near Beasley's house. It carries an 11-inch shell. This makes four mortars bearing on this place; the other three are at Battery No 1.
V, H. B. G. G. A. I am going to Richmond to-morrow. Can I do anything for you?
CALDWELL. CALDWELL:
Call at corner of Eighth and Main streets and get a small book which Mr. D. Seal has for me.
B. E.
6.50 P. M. Colonel BRENT,
Assistant Adjutant-General : No movements of troops discovered to-day. One vessel above and one below pontoons.
W. S. L.,
At C.
No movements of any importance seen this p. m. Heavy smoke still bangs over woods in front of Ninth Corps.
INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S OFFICE,
July 11, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC:
GENERAL: I submit the following report of an inspection of the hospitals at City Point, made pursuant to instructions contained in yonr letter of the 9th instant.
The number of men on duty there, and the corps to which they belong, are shown in the following table:


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About LCU
2018 Great Colleges to Work For
LCU Honors National Arbor Day by Planting Trees
April 29, 2016 Written by Renee Rhodes
The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. (Genesis 1:12, ESV)
In celebration of National Arbor Day...
Author and Speaker Jen Hatmaker Inspires Audience at Second LCU Inspiring Evening
Author and speaker Jen Hatmaker visited LCU campus for a special presentation in the Rip Griffin Center that challenged, encouraged, and inspired those in attendance.
"An Inspiring Evening with Jen Hatmaker" on April 19 was the second event in the...
Scholar's Colloquium 2016 and Katharine Hayhoe's Keynote Success for LCU
April 23, 2016 Written by Terry Greenberg
The Lubbock Christian University Scholars Colloquium highlights LCU's impressive academics and research and the 2016 Colloquium was successful in many ways.
More than 60 presentations were made by both LCU faculty and students.
Keynote speaker...
Annual LCU Baseball Food Drive with SPFB Seeks to "Strike Out Hunger"
The third-annual Strike Out Hunger at Lubbock Christian University was a hit in a number of ways:
Fans who came to watch the Chap baseball and Lady Chap softball teams play Texas A&M University International brought food to help the South Plains...
3rd Annual Chap Tank Challenges Students to Explore Entrepreneurship and Business Ideas
Much like the hit show that inspired it, the annual Chap Tank competition provides students with the opportunity to explore business ideas and creative entrepreneurship for a chance at professional feedback and varied prizes.
Chap Tank is hosted by...
2016 LCU Scholars Colloquium Features Academic Research
When the Scholars Colloquium began at Lubbock Christian University in 2006, it was envisioned as the main event to highlight the university's push on academic research.
As LCU has grown academically and added more events highlighting its academics,...
From Exhibition to the National Championship: Looking Back at the Perfect Season
April 12, 2016 Written by Bobby Hooten
Not many teams would be thrilled about opening their season in exhibition on a loss – especially with a score of 95-39.
Then again, not many teams would follow up that game with a 35-game win streak that culminated in a national championship and an...
LCU Students and Faculty Mentors Travel to NCUR to Present Undergraduate Research
LCU had a strong representation at the 30th Anniversary National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR) with 13 students and eight mentors in attendance.
Hosted at the University of North Carolina at Asheville, where NCUR was first launched in...
ISA's International Food Festival Offers Students Samples from Different Cultural Cuisines
The International Food Festival, hosted by the International Student Association (ISA), gave LCU students a chance to taste samples of cultural foods from various countries around the globe. Twelve countries were represented at the festival,...
Undefeated Lady Chaps Take National Championship Title, LCU Celebrates
April 05, 2016 Written by Renee Rhodes, Bobby Hooten, & Chris Due
The undefeated LCU Lady Chaps complete a storybook season with a 78-73 win over University of Alaska Anchorage at the NCAA Division II Women's Basketball National Championship, earning LCU's first national women's basketball title in program history....


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Streamlight® Names R.C. Bremer Marketing Associates, Inc. As Industrial Sales Rep Agency of the Year
Eagleville, PA — March 15, 2018 — Streamlight® Inc., a leading provider of high-performance lighting and weapon light/laser sighting devices, announced that R.C. Bremer Marketing Associates, Inc. has been named the company's 2017 Sales Rep Agency of The Year for the Industrial market.
R.C. Bremer Marketing Associates, Inc., is a manufacturers' representative agency specializing in the sales and marketing of industrial, safety, and fire products. Based in Kenosha, WI, the company received the award in recognition for outstanding sales achievement in an 8-state area including North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Northern Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio.
"R.C. Bremer Marketing Associates, Inc.'s outstanding sales performance last year contributed greatly to the company's success in the Industrial sector, a strategically important market segment for Streamlight," said Streamlight Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Michael F. Dineen. "We look forward to their continuing contributions to our sales efforts."
For more information about R.C. Bremer Marketing Associates, Inc., please visit www.rcbremer.com.


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Who's in charge of Darawat dam?
September 18, 2018, 10:32 am September 18, 2018 644
A view of Darawat dam.—Photo by the writer
THE ongoing debate on the construction of dams makes the issue of Darawat dam ever more relevant. The Sindh government's inability to get administrative control from Wapda four years after the project's completion is a disturbing turn of events.
The dam is located in Sindh Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah's home district. The Sindh irrigation department — a portfolio the chief minister holds — is not ready to acquire administrative control over the dam for two main reasons: lack of expertise and capacity to run operations and a non-existent irrigation system in its command area.
The development of an irrigation system is the Sindh irrigation department's job, but irrigation officers seem reluctant to explain the reasons behind the delayed development of the command system.
Irrigation expert Ehsan Leghari points out that the command area is always developed along with the dam and that a reliable hydrological study to determine the actual quantum of water flows on a seasonal basis is also essential. "Unfortunately hydrological studies have been superficial since the 1970s and '80s. Those being conducted are not as detailed as needed, which defeats the entire purpose of these water projects," he observes Darawat dam is located in a spate irrigation area of this hilly terrain. Under spate irrigation, communities irrigate their land using water that flows from hills during the monsoon season. In Darawat's case, Nai Baran (a stream) ensures flows after it emerges from the lower Kirthar mountain range in Balochistan's Bella district.
Given the climate change-driven weather, Darawat dam was seen as an opportunity for the farming community to cultivate land
Over the years, climate change-induced rainfall pattern has made cultivation of crops difficult. In the last few years adequate rainfall has not been seen in the dam's catchment area, which stretches over 3,151km.
READ MORE: Water politics: a disastrous recipe for Pakistan
Wapda engineers believe around 185mm of rainfall in 24 hours is needed to fully fill the dam. The land that is to be brought under cultivation in the spate area has not been largely surveyed by authorities.
Given the climate change-driven weather, Darawat dam — conceived under the PPP government — was seen as an opportunity for the farming community to cultivate land. This land was to be distributed among landless female peasantry of which around 25 acres each have been allotted to 25 women so far.
Storage level in the dam is currently at 103 metres, three feet less than its dead level of 106 metres. The dam is supposed to be able to store around 121,000 acre feet of water.
According to project officials, Wapda has completed its part of the job by building the main lined off-taking channel and four distributaries covering 46km. The irrigation department now needs to develop and then link watercourses with the 73 outlets also created by Wapda.
"In August 2016, storage of 108.2 metres was achieved against optimum storage of 112.5 metres. At the time those dependent on the rain-fed irrigation system cultivated an onion crop down- and up-stream on an area of roughly 6,000 acres," claims an officer. Whilst the community was utilising water, the levels dropped to 104 metres, but the same rose to 106.5 metres due to rainfall.
"Ever since the completion of the dam, we have been waiting to hand over administrative control to the Sindh government, but have been unable to do so.
READ MORE: The Value of Traditional African Knowledge in Agriculture
"We have been told by the civil administration that Chief Minister Shah wants the dam and its irrigation network to become functional. But we don't see anything happening on ground by the irrigation department. Something as small as a decision agreed upon in a recent meeting has not been implemented," confides a Wapda officer.
The officer refers to a June 26 meeting held in the Sindh irrigation secretary's office. As per the minutes of the meeting, Aslam Ansari, special secretary (technical), concluded that a team from the Sindh irrigation department would be formed by July 31. Its task would be to take over the irrigation system. The team would then be attached with Wapda for capacity building.
Meanwhile, for Wapda, all operation and maintenance (O&M) responsibilities that it had expired after a period of three years that ended on Aug 31, 2017. Therefore, it is no longer responsible for O&M.
Apparently the Sindh chief minister has approved the summary for the takeover of the dam. The Sindh finance ministry has also approved the formation of an exclusive division for which the irrigation department has to obtain a certificate from Wapda. But it has yet to be done. Why it is not being done in the absence of any official explanation is anybody's guess.
Mohammad Hussain Khan: Dawn.com
Looking at agriculture reforms
To fix the economy, start with the power sector


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Economist and former Liberal leader John Hewson recently came out saying that Australia's housing market is in a bubble caused by the "neglect and drift" of successive state and federal governments. ASIC boss Greg Medcraft recently mentioned a bubble and the Commonwealth Treasury secretary John Fraser also declaring a bubble in parts of Sydney and Melbourne almost two years ago.
Musing on housing affordability, Dr Hewson said national economic data conclusively showed evidence of a housing bubble. "House prices have gone up 250 per cent since the middle '90s in real terms.' he said. "Household debt is more than 200 per cent of disposable income, 120 per cent of GDP, and it stands as a monument really to neglect and drift by both levels of government."
So what defines a property bubble? A bubble is where investors drive prices higher due to expectations of future capital gains, rather than the income generated by an asset, such as rental from a house or unit. Dr Hewson argued that prices are being driven unsustainably higher mainly by debt-fuelled speculation, rather than real supply and demand factors.
He said a reduction in the benefits investors can gain from the combination of capital gains tax concessions and negative gearing should be implemented to both cool the housing market and book up to $10 billion in extra revenue to close the Federal Government's budget deficit.
"It will work in the direction of slowing the investor demand for housing, which has been a major reason I think demand has outstripped supply and, in those circumstances, it is something that should be done," Dr Hewson told Lateline.


There's been a "slight change in plans," a post on the Facebook page of a new South African restaurant headed for Main St. downtown announced earlier this month. The owners of the Springbok had earlier posted renderings of their planned redo of the space at 723 Main St. But the target has been shifted somehow, and they now plan to open 2 doors north, in a space that's more than double the size and includes 2 patios — at 711 Main St. Unit 1, directly below the Capitol Lofts in the block between Capitol and Rusk. Late last week, a reader spotted the TABC notice pictured at left posted to the door.
What will be their hook? Instead of picking the lobster out of the fish tank, you will get to spear your own wilderbeast?
My bet is that they won't last a year. As exotic-sounding as the concept is, there really isn't anything special or unique about the South African cuisine.
Awesome…they better show rugby games!!!


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