text:
Ajax's Quincy Promes gamble paying off
By Toby Prince
Ajax Champions League Eredivisie Quincy Promes Sevilla Spartak Moscow Netherlands
Quincy Promes has scored six goals in eight Eredivisie starts for Ajax
Background Image: Markus Unger, CC-BY-2.0
In a summer where five prodigious talents departed Amsterdam for almost €200m, a 27-year-old Sevilla outcast was Ajax's biggest signing. Quincy Promes' reputation suffered a hit in Spain. He is reshaping it, justifying the Eredivisie champions' gamble.
Ajax is long-famed for its academy. Johan Cruyff, Ruud Krol, Arie Haan and Jonny Repp helped win three European Cups in the 1970s. Marco Van Basten and Frank Rijkaard starred in the next decade, before making way for Patrick Kluivert, Edgar Davids and Clarence Seedorf in the nineties.
Sons of God continues to brew more exciting talents. Frenkie De Jong, Matthijs de Ligt and Justin Kluivert are among the most recent to roll off its well-tuned production line. However, keeping hold of them remains a bane.
Its an Eredivisie thing; faced with an ever-increasing challenge of competing with the riches swirling in England, Spain, Germany, France and Italy. While Kluivert moved to Roma for €17.25m in 2018, De Jong and de Ligt joined Barcelona and Juventus respectively for a combined €160m.
Replacing these starlets is another issue. Ajax often turns to another bunch. These days, though, experience comes with the package. Klaas-Jan Huntelaar (37) from Schalke 04 in 2017, Daley Blind (29) and Dusan Tadic (30) both from the Premier League in 2018 and Promes (27) last term from Sevilla.
The Dutchman is already surpassing expectations. Promes boasts an impeccable record in the final third. He found the net six times in eight Eredivisie starts. He opened his account at PSV in August, added three at Fortuna Sittard then notched the winner at RKC Waalwijk.
Oh My Goal
OhMyGoalUS
The Ajax player Quincy Promes shoots like Hulk! 🚀
Listen to the sound of his strike 🔥 https://t.co/5lI0y1xlWC
12:00 PM - 21st Oct 19
Promes' tally is only bettered by two players; PSV's Donyell Malen and teammate Tadic. The 27-year-old is way ahead of his skipper for minutes-per-goal, with a strike in every 117 minutes against 141. Malen buries an opportunity in every game.
While many may scoff at his Eredivisie credentials, Promes has proven to be equally prolific elsewhere. The Dutchman struck 59 in 115 appearances for Spartak Moscow. His unimpressive year in Seville yielded five. Two previous Eredivisie seasons produced 38 goals. For l'Oranje, he's found the net seven times in 37 appearances.
Although burying chances essentially lies with the top striker, the middlemen require service. Promes crafts openings for teammates. He's been involved in two goals at Ajax. The 27-year-old has always done so with reckless abandon throughout his career. In 76 matches with Twente Enschede and Go Ahead Eagles, he bagged 19 helpers. In 115 with Spartak, he assisted 31.
Although overawed by Chelsea on Wednesday, Promes has been a menace in the Champions League. He registered two goals in his opening two matches and was unlucky against the Blues. The Dutchman thought he had given his side the lead after 34 minutes but his effort was ruled out by VAR. Promes is proving to be Erik ten Haag's hatchetman.
His sheer pace and movement enable him to creep into dangerous areas. Unusual for a winger, Promes regularly finds deadly attacking positions and acts as an auxiliary forward. He has played through the middle on a number of occasions, too.
Promes' versatility, tactical flexibility and intelligence have given his boss plenty of options. He's been deployed across all positions in the final third. His ability and willingness to move beyond the striker and threaten the opposition goal also make him a more flexible option. His wickedly powerful shot means he is always a threat from almost anywhere.
Ajax should certainly be proud of another masterstroke in the last shopping window, working wonders with Quincy Promes...
Today's football fixtures
Toby Prince
If the sport has 11-men on each side, a ball and lasts for 90 minutes then I'll write about it. Simply put, I'm an unrepentant soccer freak that other freaks will, however, call a geek. I do find time for music when not watching the beautiful game, though and have been known to produce the odd track.
Total articles: 495
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The Netherlands are bristling with youth prospects. The country's academies are churning them out at an astonishing rate, benefitting from a focus on development and high standards…
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Lodge at Sun Ridge in Surprise Arizona near Phoenix.
The Lodge at Sun Ridge offers an unbelievable opportunity to enjoy the splendor of Arizona at incredibly affordable prices. These quality, furnished, resort condominiums were built in 1987. Our deluxe condominiums offer "like home" living accommodations, with washers and dryers in each unit, for short term or extended stay.
Of course, Arizona offers some of the most beautiful and diverse scenic areas in the world... ranging from snow capped peaks to fragile desert environments having some of the most lovely mountain lakes for fishing or relaxing you will find anywhere.
Whether you enjoy planned group activities or just touring on your own, you will find unique unending joys to see.


The Old Bridge High School Future Educators of America along with the Family Community Career Leadership Association clubs are hosting a cereal collection. The goal of this project is to collect 3200 boxes of cereal, which will be distributed to school age children throughout Old Bridge via the Old Bridge Food Bank. Collection bins are being placed in Town Hall and the Richard Allen Cooper Civic Center. For more information please contact Karen Tortorici, Municipal Alliance Coordinator at 732-721-5600 x 4022.


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SOPHIE MIN
SMO (Sophie Min Orchestra)
Shamin
Sophie has been worked with a variety of International and Australian musicians as a recording artist, composer and sessional musician by releasing collaborative albums and demonstrating performing practices. Her recent highlight include recordings with Heinrich von Kalnein (GER), Martin Kay's Forage, Nimbles, Kayleigh Pincott, Elly Hoyt, James Sherlock, The Counters, Min/Svoboda/Hawkins Trio and The Riverside. She was a invited musician or opened her own set for stages of Katie Noonan, Dots and Loops, Andrea Keller, Tigran Hamasyan, Matt Macmahon, John Hoffman, Dami Im and Marlene Cummins.
Min/Sherlock Duo
Thanks for the Hands
'Thanks for the Hands' is Sophie's first jazz duet album with the Melbourne based guitarist James Sherlock.
Min and Sherlock launched the album at the 2017 Melbourne International Women's Jazz Festival, opening for Andrea Keller, and at the Jazz Music Institute. The music captures a delicate sense of beauty and the exciting liveliness of the the two musicians.
This album features original works that strike a balance between the harmonic properties of the guitar and the piano and represent the emotional journey she have been on in a few years of composing during her masters study. This collection of works celebrate the idiosyncrasies of Sherlock's incredible guitar playing.
"Sophie Min with James Sherlock - awesome opener for the last night of the festival! Chordal heaven! "-Melbourne Women's International Jazz Festival
Min/Sherlock performing live at the Jazzlab for their album launch at Opening Night supporting Andrea Keller, Melbourne Australia.
'Open' is an intimate, open-minded and lyrical album that is the culmination of several improvised jam sessions with Sophie's musical partners Helen Svoboda (double bass) and Tim Green (drums). After the initial discovery of each other's distinctive sounds and tastes, we decided that we wanted to capture the unique energy of the trio on record. The recording took place during an hour-long session at her home studio and was guided by the following aesthetic: 'the more clearly one hears the room, the more pure the energy is that contours the music'.
"I believe that our collective improvisation captured the intimate essence of the trio by affording us the freedom to be in the moment as we explored the natural ambience of the room, which for Helen and Tim, was the first time they had interacted with the space. The experience was organic, spontaneous and honest. I have named the album 'Open' as a celebration of this interaction and how it has broadened my perspective into new forms of creativity. It has enhanced and helped me to further realise my musical vision"
From All Sides
"From All Sides" is the first release for 'Nimble' a collaboration between bassist David Galea, pianist Sophie Min and drummer/percussionist Lachlan Hawkins - together with special guest vocalists Elly Hoyt and Kristin Berardi, and percussionist Tsoof Baras they have created a recording that is steeped in the jazz tradition but designed to push the boundaries of modern jazz.
"Starlight" composed by Sophie Min, performed at JMI Live (Brisbane) as part of the trio's album launch show, 2018. Sophie Min - piano, composition David Galea - electric bass Lachlan Hawkins - drums
This track is entitled "Stepping Back I See" composed by David Galea, and performed at JMI Live.
Martin Kay's
Move to the Bleat
Pincott Quintet
Lachlan Hawkins Group
Lachlan Hawkins
@Sophie Min Music All Rights Reserved 2023
© 2023 SOPHIE MIN MUSIC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I supported the Affordable Care Act because it was a big step in the right direction. The ACA nailed it with prohibiting discrimination against those with pre-existing conditions, allowing children to stay on their parents' plan until age 26, and providing preventative healthcare for tens of millions of hard-working families. But we can and should do more.
But Rep. Dana Rohrabacher disagrees and wants to play politics with Americans' health care.
Dana Rohrabacher and Donald Trump have been working to undermine health care access for those who need it most: lower-income families, individuals with pre-existing conditions, young adults, and women seeking reproductive care.
eliminate coverage for those suffering from mental illness and substance abuse disorders—in the midst of an opioid epidemic.
According to the Congressional Budget Office's independent analysis, about 24 million Americans will lose their health care coverage by 2026 if this legislation is passed, nearly doubling the rate of uninsured people.
We cannot idly stand by and allow people like Rep. Dana Rohrabacher play politics with American's health insurance. We'll fight for access to affordable, quality, care for all every day when we get to Washington.
Today, I've joined 16 senators, congresspersons, governors and progressive candidates to sponsor a petition. Sign your name and tell Donald Trump: stop attacking our health care.
No family should ever have to choose between groceries and the medical treatments they need. Sign our petition today.
Posted on July 6, 2018 in Campaign Updates.


The Operations manager will be based both in Canary Wharf, London and Chelmsford, Essex. They will be responsible for all aspects of the cash management function, including the development and management of systems for the effective collection of all income and revenue from various sources and payment of obligations.
My client are a rapidly growing business who are a innovative, collaborative and entrepreneurial organisation that has been going strong for 25+ years that supports and nurtures their staff.
The development and management of systems for the effective collection of all income and revenue from various sources and payment of obligations.
Completes all cash management set-up documentation for new and existing department processes; prepares correspondence and proposals directed to and for cash management.
The successful Operations manager will work in a consultative manner with experience of leading the Allocation team, setting targets and supervising staff performance, recruiting and developing staff. Are familiar with bank cash management systems and be have In-depth knowledge of financial statements and financial statement analysis, including an ability to analyse cash flow and the impact on the financial statements.


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Blizzard attempting to block Valve's DOTA trademark
By Matt Bradford 2012-02-10T18:09:46.4Z
PC developers to settle ownership of DOTA name in court
Valve may have to find a new title for its upcoming DOTA 2, as Blizzard is taking the studio to court over the rightful ownership of the DOTA namesake.
DOTA (aka Defense of the Ancients) was originally a mod built from the guts of Blizzard's Warcraft III. It went on to build a whole new fanbase of its own and later caught the eye of Valve developers, who hired some of the talent behind DOTA with intentions to expand upon the series. In 2010, Valve went so far as to seek trademark rights to the DOTA name, and it was right around then when Blizzard began questioning the validity of its claim.
"[It's] a little bit of confusion, to be honest," said Blizzard vp Rob Pardo in a 2010 interview with Eurogamer. "Certainly, DOTA came out of the Blizzard community... It just seems a really strange move to us that Valve would go off and try to exclusively trademark the term considering it's something that's been freely available to us and everyone in the Warcraft III community up to this point."
Now that both Valve and Blizzard are pursuing their own follow-ups to DOTA (Valve with DOTA 2 and Blizzard with Blizzard DOTA) the bad blood between the two PC developers has gone to the next level. In legal filings obtained by NeoGaf members, Blizzard will attempt to block Valve's DotA trademark once and for all in court, claiming, "Valve has no right to the registration it seeks. If such registration is issued, it not only will damage Blizzard, but also the legions of Blizzard fans that have worked for years with Blizzard and its products, including by causing consumers to falsely believe that Valve's products are affiliated, sponsored or endorsed by Blizzard and are related or connected to Warcraft III."
This latest trademark battle is reminiscent of Bethesda's injunction against Mojang over the name "Scrolls". However, where that was something of a David vs. Goliath type story, this dispute feels more like a Goliath vs. Goliath situation. Who do you think has the right to carry the DOTA torch?


XML::GDOME::NamedNodeMap - Interface NamedNodeMap implementation.
I<Returns>: the number of nodes in this map. The range of valid child node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
I<C<name>>: The nodeName of the node to retrieve.
I<Returns>: a Node (of any type) with the specified nodeName, or undef if it does not identify any node in this map.
I<C<namespaceURI>>: The namespace URI of the node to retrieve.
I<C<localName>>: The local name of the node to retrieve.
I<Returns>: a Node (of any type) with the specified local name and namespace URI, or undef if they do not identify any node in this map.
I<C<index>>: Index into this map.
I<Returns>: the indexth item in the map. If index is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in this map, this returns undef.
I<C<name>>: The nodeName of the node to remove.
I<Returns>: the node removed from this map if a node with such a name exists.
C<GDOME_NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR>: Raised if this map is readonly.
C<GDOME_NOT_FOUND_ERR>: Raised if there is no node named I<name> in this map.
Removes a node specified by local name and namespace URI. When this map contains the attributes attached to an element, if the removed attribute is known to have a default value, an attribute immediately appears containing the default value as well as the corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when applicable.
I<C<namespaceURI>>: The namespace URI of the node to remove.
I<C<localName>>: The local name of the node to remove.
I<Returns>: the node removed from this map if a node with such a local name and namespace URI exists.
Adds a node using its nodeName attribute. If a node with that name is already present in this map, it is replaced by the new one.
I<C<arg>>: a node to store in this map.
I<Returns>: if the new Node replaces an existing node, the replaced Node is returned, otherwise undef is returned.
C<GDOME_INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR>: Raised if arg is an Attr that is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.
C<GDOME_HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR>: Raised if an attempt is made to add a node doesn't belong in this NamedNodeMap. Examples would include trying to insert something other than an Attr node into an Element's map of attributes, or a non-Entity node into the DocumentType's map of Entities.
C<GDOME_WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR>: Raised if I<arg> was created from a different document than the one that created this map.
I<C<arg>>: a node to store in this map. The node will later be accessible       using the value of its namespaceURI and localName attributes.
I<Returns>: If the new Node replaces an existing node the replaced Node is returned, otherwise null is returned.
C<GDOME_INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR>: Raised if I<arg> is an Attr that is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.


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Dark Souls creator Hidetaka Miyazaki takes the Lifetime Achievement award at the Golden Joystick Awards 2018
The game auteur behind Dark Souls, Bloodborne, and more takes top honors
During the Golden Joystick Awards 2018 today, FromSoftware's visionary director Hidetaka Miyazaki won the Lifetime Achievement award for his outstanding contributions to the industry. Miyazaki directed such influential games as the Dark Souls series and Bloodborne, which redefined how players and developers alike approach difficulty and worldbuilding in games. As the latest winner of the Lifetime Achievement award, Miyazaki joins the ranks of esteemed video game luminaries like Hideo Kojima, Sid Meier, and the late, great Satoru Iwata.
The award was presented by two living legends in their own right: Games Workshop and Fighting Fantasy co-creators Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone. Their presence was no mere coincidence: the Fighting Fantasy choose-your-own-adventure RPG books that Jackson and Livingstone penned 37 years ago originally inspired a young Miyazaki. Livingstone called Miyazaki a "true genius of game design," which must've felt great, as the pair are two of Miyazaki's childhood heroes. "I'm such a huge fan of these two guys, I've almost forgotten what I was going to say," Miyazaki chuckled.
Speaking through a translator, Miyazaki expressed his gratitude to everyone who helped make these seminal games, and everyone who enjoyed playing them (you can watch a clip of his acceptance speech above; the full award takes place at the 49:15 mark in the full Golden Joystick Awards 2018 stream archive). "It's such a surprise and an honor to receive this prestigious Golden Joystick award - I'm quite humbled," he said. In addition to thanking his coworkers and family, Miyazaki had a message for FromSoftware fans: "More than anything, thank you to the players - to everyone who has played, enjoyed, and appreciated my games."
Next up from Miyazaki and his team at FromSoftware is Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, coming in March 2019, which adds grappling hook mobility to the studio's familiar blend of brutal challenge and righteous rewards. "I plan to carry on making games for as long as I'm able, and I will do my very best to make sure that they're games that you will enjoy," Miyazaki pledged. "Thank you for your continued support in advance."
Here's the full list of all the Golden Joystick Awards 2018 winners from the show.
Golden Joystick Awards 2018
Dark Souls: Prepare to Die Edition


text:
Brian Greene (ur. 9 lutego 1963) – amerykański fizyk teoretyczny, profesor na Uniwersytecie Columbia, popularyzator nauki. Jeden z najbardziej znanych badaczy teorii superstrun.

Życiorys
Greene urodził się w Nowym Jorku. Po ukończeniu szkoły średniej w 1980 dostał się na Harvard, gdzie zdobył Bachelor of Science. Tytuł Doktora zdobył na Oxford University w roku 1987. Na Uniwersytecie Columbia jest współdyrektorem instytutu strun, kosmologii.
Greene jest mężem byłej producentki telewizyjnej z ABC Tracy Day.

Praca
Badania Greene'a obejmują Teorię Strun, będącą elementem Grawitacji kwantowej, która próbuje wytłumaczyć różnice cząstek Modelu Standardowego. Greene zajmował się przestrzeniami Calabiego-Yau. Znany jest także z badań nad teorią super strun w odniesieniu do kosmologii. Był pomysłodawcą Festiwalu Naukowego w Nowym Jorku.

Publikacje popularnonaukowe
 1999: The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory.
 2001: Piękno wszechświata. Superstruny, ukryte wymiary i poszukiwania teorii ostatecznej, przekład: Ewa L. Łokas i Bogumił Bieniok, Prószyński i S-ka, .
 2005: The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality.
 2005: Struktura kosmosu. Przestrzeń, czas i struktura rzeczywistości, przekład: Ewa L. Łokas i Bogumił Bieniok, Prószyński i S-ka, .
 2008: Icarus at the Edge of Time.
 2011: The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos.
 2012: Ukryta rzeczywistość. W poszukiwaniu wszechświatów równoległych, przekład: Tomasz Krzysztoń, Prószyński Media, .
 2020: Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe.
 2021: Do końca czasu. Umysł, materia i nasze poszukiwanie sensu w zmieniającym się Wszechświecie, przekład: Tomasz Krzysztoń, Prószyński Media, .

Zobacz też

 teoria wszystkiego
 przestrzeń Calabiego-Yau

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil Greene'a na Uniwersytecie Columbia
 Rozmowa z Brianem Greene
 World Science Festival

Amerykańscy fizycy XX wieku
Amerykańscy fizycy XXI wieku
Amerykańscy teoretycy strun
Amerykańscy popularyzatorzy fizyki
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Columbia

Urodzeni w 1963

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tippy was founded on the basis of solving a critical problem for Salon and Spa owners and their valued employees. As more and more customers ask to leave tips on credit cards, owners have inherited a new processing fee while the professionals have to wait up to two weeks to receive gratuities.
Since launching, we have helped Salon and Spa locations around the country save on card fees while increasing tips for service professionals and depositing them to their bank accounts the next business day.
We are constantly researching industry trends to make the best tipping products and services for our customers. We listen closely to your feedback and work hard to improve our offerings. Tipping is what we do and we strive to do it better than anyone else.
That's why this week we are excited to introduce our new suggested tipping feature on Tippy Pro.
Based on your input, our suggesting tipping buttons are now fixed dollars amounts, which guarantee the service providers receive at least 20%, 25%, or 30% net tips deposited to their accounts. This solution streamlines the customer check out process and increases tips- happy customers and happy professionals.
The initial feedback has been extremely encouraging with Salon and Spa customers appreciating the cleaner tipping process while service professionals are enjoying increased tips. Since launching the new tipping structure, our average tip to service professionals has come in at $17.50 per tip, which equates to greater than 21.0% of service.
At Tippy, we always take your opinions to heart and are continuously experimenting to make Tippy work better for you- our new suggested tipping structure does just that.
We greatly value the feedback of our customers and we promise to work hard to constantly improve. Thank you for all of the support you have given to us so far, we are glad you have joined us on this journey.


Here is a huge selection of lights, lamps, lamp holders, stands and reflectors for your Parrot, all giving your Parrot the Vitamin D3 they need to synthesise calcium in their body.
Arcadia's bird lights are almost as good as natural sunlight. They provide your Parrot with hours of UV and UVA light that both have huge impacts on their life.
UVB light gives your Parrot Vitamin D3, which your bird uses to make calcium through a special process in the preening gland. Your feathered friend needs calcium to build strong bones and encourage egg production.
Your Parrot's excellent eyesight can see UVA light. They use this skill in the wild to search for food and identify potential breeding partners and other species of Parrot. These lights for Parrots and birds may also reduce feather plucking and improve the mental health of your Parrot.
Arcadia have stands which come with clips which you can fasten light cables to, so the wires stay away from your Parrot.


Christmas in July 25th cost $50 for members and $55 for non members.
Christmas in July lunch has been confirmed at Maleny Hotel. It will be a 2 course alternate drop lunch with a Christmas theme; please let Karen know special dietary requirements.
A special bush foods morning tea and workshop with discounted plant sales will be held at the Forest Heart nursery.
If there is time we will visit the Landcare nursery before leaving for home approx 3pm, or a stroll around the shops at Maleny, your choice.
Sean did a talk at one of our meetings a couple of years ago about ponds, frogs and wildlife in the garden. Everyone enjoyed his talk as Sean was a very informative speaker and has a lot of knowledge to share. He also has lots of edible fruits and vegetables in his garden. Some members have had Sean help them create a pond environment in their garden.
Many people have expressed an interest in going to see this garden.
We will have morning tea at the garden and he will show us around and do a talk and answer questions.
We would then have lunch somewhere nearby and stop at a nursery on the way back to Buderim.
Cost would be approx. $50.
The other option is that Sean is having his garden open to the general public on Saturday May 18 for $2 entry fee. The garden tour that day is at 9.30am.
There would be a lot of people going on this day so it will be more crowded than a bus trip with the garden club another day.
If you are interested in this trip please contact me with your preferred date before the next meeting on April 12 so I can work out which date is best and make arrangements.
Please email me on karenocon@yahoo.com or SMS or leave a message on 0414 608 893 Or contact Monika.
Bus Trip Information- a joint venture with Nambour Garden Club.
Monday May 20th – Leonie's Old Fashioned Roses at Samsonvale – Cost $45 pp. BGC members and $50 each for non-members. M. tea incl. Take own or buy own lunch. 7.30 am leaving Nambour Uniting Church carpark – 7.40 am pickup, Forest Glen bus stop near shops. M/tea at Bullocky Rest, next, Leonie's Roses, then lunch and browse in Samford Village, (nursery, art & craft in main street) then stopping off at Carseldine Nursery on way home, approx. 5 pm.
Please note – all prices for our trips will now be $5 extra for non garden club members to cover insurance cost.
An overnight tour down to the Toowoomba Garden Festival gardens will hopefully be a goer for this year.
On arrival at Government House, the group were treated to a delicious morning tea, before being divided into 2 smaller groups for their tour around the magnificent interior and the garden - the guides proved very entertaining too!
Luncheon at the Breakfast Creek Hotel was enjoyed by Club members, and then a visit to the Little Gems nursery to buy some plants.
Combined Garden Clubs Picnic at Noosa Botanic Gardens in Cooroy, organised by Kevin Hamment (a BGC member) and his committee.


A well-thought digital transformation project management methodsroadmap is the key to driving change in a coordinated and effective way – whether you are a small company or multi-national enterprise. Digital transformation is a journey. For every company, the desired destination will be unique and the path different. Like any journey, however, some careful planning and a methodical process can help ensure you reach your destination safely and avoid excessive detours and unnecessary costs.
Operating successfully in the modern business environment is very different from the conditions of just a few years ago. Technology advances and open access to information and social dynamics in the marketplace are forcing companies to re-think what products and services they offer and how they provide them. Younger generations of customers expect every interaction with companies to be efficient, informed by any available data about who they are and their unique needs/preferences and enabled using modern technology.
For companies that are new entrants to the marketplace, technology-enabled business processes are all they have ever known. Companies that have existed for more than a few years may find operating in the modern environment to be challenging and very different from their previous experience. For these companies to compete successfully, a digital transformation is needed – bringing them forward into modern ways of working to fulfill their customers' needs and expectations. The degree of digital transformation required will depend on several factors, including the nature of the industry in which the company competes, the age and size of the company, the number of legacy tools and processes that must be transform and the motivation of company owners and leaders to impact change in their businesses.
How effectively the company can transform itself will be critical to determining how successfully it will be able to compete in the marketplace. Customer expectations have already shifted, so every day a company waits to begin its digital transformation journey is one more day it is falling behind its competition – potentially losing business and damaging perceptions with current and potential customers.
What Is a Digital Transformation Roadmap?
Each company is unique and so is the scope and effort required to achieve a digital transformation of its business. Your digital transformation roadmap is the plan for coordinating and driving change throughout the organization. Depending on how your company manages projects, programs and investment decisions, your roadmap may need to include some specific content or be presented in a specific manner, but there are a few core elements every digital transformation roadmap should include.
What does digital transformation mean for your company? How much of a transformation do you want to make? What is "good enough"? Companies undertake transformations (of all sorts) because they have a vision of a target state they are trying to achieve. Articulating the leadership vision of this target state (what it looks like, what it feels like and why it is important to the company) is critical for securing support and buy-in from individuals throughout the company that will be required to achieve success. A clearly stated vision that resonates with employees, partners and customers will help ensure everyone's actions are aligned and promote patience and understanding if the path of change isn't always smooth and some rough patches are encountered.
How much time are you expecting the transformation to require? (Months, years?) Are you intending to change everything in one big-bang approach or take incremental steps to reach your destination? Do you understand initially all the changes that must occur or will you determine the details as you progress, using, for example, proofs of concept and prototypes to explore different opportunities? What are the key areas of focus for your transformation that you see as essential to overall success? Having a defined strategy for how you will approach transformation sends the message that you are serious about the change and that this isn't just a "pie-in-the-sky" idea.
What are the "big rocks" that must be moved or put in place to support the transformation. Every task doesn't need to be mapped in advance, but you must know the critical changes to complete on time to lead to a successful outcome. For each organization, the key activities will be different. They may be technology projects, organizational restructuring, changes to the supplier ecosystem or modifications to business processes. If you are familiar with project management methods, then these activities will be steps on your critical path. If there are alternatives available, then your roadmap should include high-level cost/benefit projections to help guide decision-making.
The destination of your digital transformation journey will often lie "beyond the horizon" or around a series of bends with no direct line of sight from where you are to where you are going. Your digital transformation roadmap should include descriptions of intermediate target states you will achieve as you progress. These mileposts will provide a helpful reference to ensure your transformation is on-course as well as a means of measuring progress. They can help set expectations about when people will start seeing value from the transformation and experiencing changes in their work environment. For transformation initiatives expected to require more time to complete, it is often helpful to plan for periods of normalization to avoid the fatigue from continuous change.
Why Do You Need a Roadmap (Can't You Just Start Moving)?
Without a plan and a process, you will be essentially wandering through your digital transformation effort and that can be both expensive and risky to the future of your company. If you don't know where you are going, then how will you know if you are traveling there or moving in the wrong direction? Large-scale transformations can be daunting; a roadmap helps you separate it into manageable parts, so you can plan resources effectively to generate the value your company expects.
You must know what happens first . Digital transformation often includes a combination of technology projects, organizational changes and process adjustments that depend on each other to be successful. For example, you can't adjust staffing levels to take advantage of automation until the technology pieces are in place. Likewise, many technology projects must be coordinated with business process change. Understanding the sequence of events helps avoid confusion and encourage smooth transitions. Don't worry if it requires a bit of time to become organized – once you start, momentum will build.
A roadmap will enable different teams to work on different parts of the transformation and stay aligned. It will also ensure that the various pieces of the puzzle fit together when you're done. Digital transformation initiatives can be exciting for your company and your employees. The enthusiasm and energy that is created is likely to encourage well-meaning employees to take the initiative and start making changes. It is important you control and coordinate individual efforts, otherwise, people may step on each other's toes, leading to unnecessary conflict that could derail the entire effort. If individuals know that there is a plan and a process, then they will be more likely to channel their enthusiasm in more constructive ways.
Sometimes, you don't know the details in advance. A roadmap provides a point of reference (a common direction) to help the organization determine what projects and initiatives to undertake. Not all projects will be aligned 100% with the transformation roadmap. There may be pressing operational concerns (such as cost reduction and critical business activities); market opportunities/threats (new product offerings, large customer projects, etc.); or external factors (such as regulatory changes and security threats) that must take precedence over your digital transformation goals. Sometimes, these projects move you in the opposite direction of your destination, but more often they move your business in a complementary direction, but not on the direct course you intended. Your roadmap will help leaders make more informed trade-off decisions and enable your employees to adapt these "other projects" to keep you traveling on your digital transformation path.
Your digital transformation roadmap will keep you focused. There are many products, vendors, trends and messages bombarding your company and employees from the environment that can be distracting. Without a filter to help them determine what is important and what is "noise," you face a high risk of your organization following "bright, shiny objects" that lead to dead-ends, lost time and wasted resources.
How well the activity aligns with the roadmap (Is it moving you in the right direction?) Most projects will generally align with the digital transformation roadmap (or at least that is the claim that will be made). As a result, a "yes/no" assessment of alignment is not sufficient. Degree of alignment (either a 1–10 scale or a high/medium/low categorization) is a much more meaningful method to evaluate alternatives in your investment portfolio.
How far the activity will move you towards the goal. This is where cost/benefit analysis is helpful. Each potential activity or project you select should have some impact on moving you towards your digital transformation goal. What you need to evaluate is: How far will it move you in the desired direction and how much will it cost to achieve that impact? No two proposed projects will have exactly the same impact or cost, making cost/benefit analysis a powerful portfolio-planning tool for digital transformation efforts.
How efficiently your resources are being used to achieve desired outcome. Every organization has limited resources – people, money and time. Often, the same pool of resources are involved in running your business and contributing to your digital transformation effort. As a result, resource constraints are common and selecting the best activities to support your digital transformation goals is often a matter of optimizing the use of available resources. This may include selecting projects that maximize ROI, bundling activities that have synergistic opportunities and considering opportunity costs (the foregone benefits of what you won't be doing).
By taking these factors into consideration, you will not only be able to select the right projects to prioritize and in which to invest, but also you will be able to identify easily the projects or activities in which you shouldn't invest. By removing these activities from consideration, your organization will be more focused on delivering changes that add the most value to your digital transformation efforts.
There is a difference between making changes and making progress. The amount of changes that are made shouldn't be how you measure your digital transformation, but rather the impact of those changes on the organization. Often, the amount invested in supporting initiatives, the number of systems that are modernized or the list of business processes that have changed are how companies measure their digital transformation initiatives. This approach often leads to underwhelming results, change fatigue, lost time and wasted resources.
Impact is how you should measure progress towards your digital transformation goals. Impacts on products, impacts on processes, impacts on productivity and impacts on profitability. When you evaluate these metrics, what you want to see is progress towards your digital transformation goals. In the roadmap development process, you articulated the target state you were seeking to achieve, a strategy for arriving there, the "big rocks" that you must put in place and some milestones you were expected to achieve. These are the references against which you should be measuring progress. Keep in mind, detailed activities and projects will often change during a long-running transformation initiative, but the investments you make should be generating visible and sustainable results that show you are making progress towards your goal.
Your company's digital transformation will likely require multiple years and your digital transformation roadmap is there to guide you. As business environments and technology change, you may find yourself needing to adjust your digital transformation roadmap to take advantage of new opportunities, avoid threats and risks and align them with your company's business climate (resources, budgets, priorities, etc.). Rarely will you be able to map the exact course with 100% accuracy at the beginning of the transformation. Having a clearly defined digital transformation roadmap against which your company is aligning activities can be helpful when course corrections are required – they enable you to adjust in a coordinated way. This helps to minimize disruption to the progress you've already achieved.
Without a roadmap, your organization is left to wander and hope (somehow) it will find its way to a favorable destination. By establishing and implementing a roadmap as a guide, you will be able to reach your destination safely and effectively and reap the benefits digital transformation has to offer.


text:
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	std::function<void(HWND hWndParent, HTREEITEM hTreeParent, ULONG cNotify, LPNOTIFICATION lpNotifications)>
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	static std::wstring CLASS = L"adviseSink";

	adviseSink::adviseSink(_In_ HWND hWndParent, _In_opt_ HTREEITEM hTreeParent)
		: m_hWndParent(hWndParent), m_hTreeParent(hTreeParent)
	{
		TRACE_CONSTRUCTOR(CLASS);
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	{
		TRACE_DESTRUCTOR(CLASS);
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	STDMETHODIMP adviseSink::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID* ppvObj)
	{
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		if (riid == IID_IMAPIAdviseSink || riid == IID_IUnknown)
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			AddRef();
			return S_OK;
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		return E_NOINTERFACE;
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	STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) adviseSink::AddRef()
	{
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	STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) adviseSink::OnNotify(ULONG cNotify, LPNOTIFICATION lpNotifications)
	{
		output::outputNotifications(output::dbgLevel::Notify, nullptr, cNotify, lpNotifications, m_lpAdviseTarget);
		if (onNotifyCallback)
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		return S_OK;
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	void adviseSink::SetAdviseTarget(LPMAPIPROP lpProp) noexcept
	{
		if (m_lpAdviseTarget) m_lpAdviseTarget->Release();
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		if (m_lpAdviseTarget) m_lpAdviseTarget->AddRef();
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} // namespace mapi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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John K Snyder III joins us to discuss his kickstarter campaign to collect his excellent 80's Eclipse series Fashion In action featuring a team of futuristic super spy girls in slick neo- noir action.
Everytime there's been a DC Rebirth Project, Artist Ethan Van Sciver has been given the art chores. He is among the 4 artists chosen for the DC Rebirth 80 page giant coming in late May. He joins us to give his perspective what has the "rebirth" label meant when rebooting an established DC hero?
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text:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of community-delivered positive youth development interventions on violence outcomes
G J Melendez-Torres1,
Kelly Dickson2,
Adam Fletcher3,
James Thomas2,
Kate Hinds2,
Rona Campbell4,
Simon Murphy3,
Chris Bonell5
1Warwick Evidence, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
2Social Science Research Unit, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
3DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
4DECIPHer, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
5Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Correspondence to Dr G J Melendez-Torres, Warwick Evidence, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Medical School Building, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; G.Melendez-Torres{at}warwick.ac.uk
Background We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed evaluations testing the effectiveness of positive youth development (PYD) interventions for reducing violence in young people.
Methods Two reviewers working independently screened records, assessed full-text studies for inclusion and extracted data. Outcomes were transformed to Cohen's d. Quality assessment of included evaluations was undertaken using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes were combined using multilevel meta-analysis. We searched 21 databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and CENTRAL, and hand-searched key journals and websites. We included studies where the majority of participants were aged 11–18 years and where interventions were delivered in community (not clinical or judicial) settings outside of normal school hours. We excluded studies targeting predefined physical and mental health conditions or parents/carers alongside young people. We defined violence as perpetration or victimisation of physical violence including violent crime.
Results Three randomised trials were included in this systematic review. Included evaluations each had design flaws. Meta-analyses suggested that PYD interventions did not have a statistically significant effect on violence outcomes across all time points (d=0.021, 95% CI −0.050 to 0.093), though interventions did have a statistically significant short-term effect (d=0.076, 95% CI 0.013 to 0.140).
Conclusions Our meta-analyses do not offer evidence of PYD interventions in general having effects of public health significance in reducing violence among young people. Evaluations did not consistently report theories of change or implementation fidelity, so it is unclear if our meta-analyses provide evidence that the PYD theory of change is ineffective in reducing violence among young people.
Preventing youth violence continues to be a public health, education and criminal justice priority.1–3 Evidence from a UK survey suggests that by age 15–16 years, a quarter of young people have carried a weapon and 19% report attacking someone with the intention to hurt them seriously.4 Violence is subject to marked social inequalities5 and is associated with an increased risk of: physical health problems;6 engaging in health risk behaviours such as substance use;7–9 long-term emotional, behavioural and mental health problems6 ,10 ,11 and self-harm and suicide.12 Moreover, gang involvement is associated in longitudinal studies with acute health risks and strongly correlated with later-life offending and serious adverse mental health outcomes.13 Economic costs associated with youth aggression are extremely high.14–16
Positive youth development (PYD) interventions have recently been the target of increased investment in the UK, as proposed by the UK government's Positive for Youth report and the devolved governments in Scotland and Wales, and recent investments by the London mayor.17–20 PYD is a complex intervention with varying definitions, though a review by the National Youth Agency in the UK has articulated a definition that focuses on promotion of positive assets in young people, rather than traditional 'risk reduction' approaches.21 This promotion of positive assets, according to a definition from the USA, includes developmental skills, such as self-regulation, bonding and resilience; prosocial norms, including academic achievement, acquisition of cognitive and vocational skills, and community involvement; development of positive social identities; strong connections with peers and adults and caring for others.22–25
In addition, it is important to focus on community-delivered interventions over school-delivered interventions for several reasons. School-delivered interventions may no longer be tenable as a growing focus on academic metrics means that schools have a decreased ability to focus on broader social development. Community-based interventions also have the potential to divert young people from antisocial behaviours outside of school hours, but they may also have greater potential for iatrogenesis due to the potential for social deviancy training—that is, bringing young people with a variety of risk profiles together may induce greater risk-taking in otherwise lower-risk young people. Finally, PYD is intended to be a voluntary activity, which is not amenable to a school setting, where attendance is compulsory.
Previous reviews of PYD interventions for violence outcomes in young people are now out of date. Specifically, Roth and Brooks-Gunn,26 in their narrative review, flagged the need for more evaluations, though they found early evaluations of PYD interventions for violence outcomes encouraging. In Catalano et al's27 systematic review across different outcomes, PYD interventions were described as associated with decreased aggressive and violent behaviour. In the face of increasing investment in PYD interventions for what continues to be a pressing public health concern, there is a need for evidence as to the effectiveness of these interventions. Thus, we present here an up-to-date systematic review of community-delivered PYD interventions and the first focused specifically on violence outcomes in young people.
The systematic review of PYD effects on violence reported in this study was part of a larger set of linked syntheses addressing theory, process evaluations and outcome evaluations of PYD interventions on substance use or violence.28 We registered our methods a priori in a protocol (PROSPERO CRD42013005439).29 This project was approved by the research ethics committee of the Institute of Education's Faculty of Children and Learning (ethics approval reference number FCL 544).
Studies were included in the broader evidence synthesis if they met the following criteria:
Published after 1985 and up to the point of searching;
Written in English;
Reported a theory of change, process evaluation or outcome evaluation that was experimental (ie, randomised) or quasi-experimental (ie, non-randomised, but employing a prospective comparison group) in design;
Focused on youth aged 11–18 years;
Focused on prevention of violence or substance use and
Focused on PYD.
For the systematic review reported in this study, we only included evaluations of PYD interventions that included measurement of violence outcomes. We defined violence as perpetration or victimisation of physical violence including violent crime. We defined PYD based on prior research30 as voluntary education outside of school hours aiming to promote generalised (beyond health) and positive (beyond avoiding risk) development of assets (bonding, resilience, social, emotional, cognitive, behaviour or moral competence, self-determination, spirituality, self-efficacy, clear and positive identity, belief in the future, recognition for positive behaviour, opportunities for prosocial involvement and/or prosocial norms). We judged that interventions were focused on PYD if they promoted an asset characteristic of PYD in multiple domains (eg, family, school or community), or multiple assets applied to one domain. We included interventions that were delivered in community (not clinical or judicial) settings outside of normal school hours. We excluded studies targeting predefined physical and mental health conditions or parents/carers alongside young people, as this would have detracted from this review's focus on primary prevention and introduced population heterogeneity.
Between October 2013 and January 2014, we searched 21 databases, free-text searched websites and hand-searched journals (see online supplementary file 1 for details of search strategies). Working in pairs, we initially screened sets of the same references in batches of 100 until 90% agreement was reached. We repeated this process for assessing full-text studies. We then conducted data extraction and study appraisal in duplicate and independently using, respectively, an extraction form that was initially piloted on two studies (see online supplementary file 1) and a modified version of the Cochrane risk of bias tool.31
Supplementary file
[jech-2015-206132supp.pdf]
We extracted relevant effect sizes into a spreadsheet and converted them into standardised mean differences (Cohen's d) using available study information. We adjusted direction as necessary so that positive effect sizes would indicate an effect size in favour of the intervention. Where additional imputation of outcome-related data was necessary, we flagged a range of reasonable assumptions about p values that were not explicitly reported for sensitivity analysis (available on request).
We meta-analysed outcomes using a two-level multilevel meta-analysis method with random effects at the between-study (ie, programme) level and at the within-study (ie, outcome) level. The pooled effect size generated by a multilevel meta-analysis includes all the information from multiple effect sizes while correcting for non-independence between observations. We specified one model including all intervention follow-up measurements and one including just postintervention measurements (ie, excluding one study's long-term follow-up measurements). While we planned initially to undertake a multivariate meta-analysis, the diversity of outcomes and unavailable variance–covariance matrix meant that an alternative method was necessary.
Our searches returned 32 394 deduplicated abstracts (figure 1). We assessed 689 of these in full text and identified four study reports of three distinct studies that met our definition of outcome evaluations of PYD and evaluated violence outcomes: Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS),32 ,33 Quantum Opportunity Project (QOP)34 ,35 and National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program (NGYCP).36–38
Flow of studies through the review. Inappropriate study design refers to studies that were not outcome evaluations with randomised or quasi-experimental designs, process evaluations or reporting a theory of change. PYD, positive youth development.
All three studies used a randomised evaluation design. In all cases, participants were randomised within-site rather than by cluster. The comparator in all evaluations was no additional intervention—that is, for BBBS24 ,25 and NGYCP,36–38 control group participants did not receive the intervention, and for QOP,30 ,31 control group participants attended high school alongside those who were receiving the intervention. All included studies were conducted across multiple sites in the USA. Follow-up was 18 months postrandomisation for BBBS28 ,29 (considered in this analysis to be 'postintervention'), and at postintervention and 18 months postintervention for NGYCP.36–38 The evaluation of QOP30 ,31 had multiple follow-ups, but the postintervention follow-up is the only one that presents violence outcomes.
Study quality was variable (table 1). None of the evaluations provided enough information to determine the risk of bias in sequence generation, though evaluators of BBBS28 ,29 explained that allocation concealment was achieved by randomisation through an external survey contractor. Blinding was impossible in two of the interventions, though we were unclear as to whether participants in the NGYCP36–38 were blinded as to intervention assignment. Trials of QOP30 ,31 and NGYCP36–38 used weighting analyses to account for missing data and accounted for clustering using 'fixed-effects' models, but the evaluation of BBBS28 ,29 used only complete case analysis and did not appear to account for clustering. We could not determine selective outcome reporting, and we did not observe that the included outcome evaluations had other significant flaws that placed them at high risk of bias.
Risk of bias judgments for included studies
Characteristics of included interventions
BBBS28 ,29 was a mentoring programme targeted to youth who generally lived in single-parent households and, along with their parents, agreed to the match, though specific eligibility criteria varied by site and generally aimed to identify 'at-risk' youth. This specific evaluation included young people between the ages of 10 and 16 at baseline. In BBBS,28 ,29 potential adult mentors drawn from the community were evaluated by programme staff, who were often professional social workers, and then matched with a young person for regular (generally several times a month) meetings over a long-term relationship. These lay mentors were trained in recognising and reporting abuse and, though not required, also often received training in communicating with youth. Volunteers received monthly supervision for the first year of the match and quarterly thereafter. The intervention included no formal education, but rather the ongoing relationship with a trusted adult was intended to develop specific positive assets such as improved self-esteem, life coping skills, academic performance, social relationships with family and friends, and cultural awareness, though experiences provided by the mentor.
NGYCP36–38 was delivered to adolescents aged between 16 and 18 years who either had left school or been excluded, who were unemployed and who were not involved in the correctional system. It was run as a 5-month military-style 'boot camp' including a 'pre-ChalleNGe' and a residential component that included life skills education, work preparation and completion of the secondary school diploma. After the military boot camp, participants completed job placements and structured mentoring. Mentoring was provided by programme staff and by mentors from the community nominated by participants. In an unusual feature, the intervention was primarily delivered by the National Guard, a branch of the US military run at the state level. Though the intervention did not set out an explicit theory of change, the key principle was that a 'wraparound' approach that addressed underlying issues in youth achievement and exposed them to the structure of a military context would be more effective than other less intensive approaches. While the programme did not appear to include a large amount of prevention education, the intervention promoted the positive assets of job skills and life skills training, academic excellence, leadership and citizenship skills, community service, physical fitness, and health and hygiene. The military boot camp was designed to incorporate these activities, which evaluators called 'positive youth development', to increase self-efficacy and self-esteem.
Finally, QOP30 ,31 was delivered in schools with dropout rates of 40% or more. It was further targeted to students who were in the bottom two-thirds of the grade distribution in the entering class of their secondary school and who did not have special educational or disability needs that would prevent participation. Since the programme enrolled students on initiation of secondary school, the average age of participants was 14. The intervention was delivered by staff from community-based organisations in a school context, including a substantial case management component tied in with mentoring provided by programme staff; academic assessment, planning and tutoring; community service and leisure activities and, when necessary, support over the summer vacations. The specific positive assets promoted as a core part of the intervention were cultural awareness, community service and academic achievement, though some sites also included health and hygiene and life skills. Staff members were youth workers who assumed 'round-the-clock' on-call responsibilities for participants assigned to them as part of the case management model. The intervention's theory of change was not explicit, but appeared to be premised on completion of secondary school education as a way to prevent antisocial behaviours and to attain employment. There appeared to be little specific prevention education.
Meta-analysis of included studies
We included 10 effect sizes from 3 distinct studies in an overall meta-analysis and 7 effect sizes from 3 distinct studies in a meta-analysis of short-term outcomes (ie, outcomes measured at postintervention). We did not look at longer term outcomes alone because they were derived from only one report. Findings were mixed across studies, but tended towards the null (table 2). None of the included studies reported outcomes relating to violence victimisation. While BBBS28 ,29 and QOP30 ,31 measured violence outcomes that were self-explanatory, evaluations of NGYCP36–38 defined violence incidents as those involving 'any type of physical aggression'.
PYD interventions did not have a statistically significant effect on violence outcomes across all time points (d=0.021, 95% CI −0.050 to 0.093) (table 3 and figure 2). There was no meaningful programme-level heterogeneity in this finding (I2=0%). Short-term outcomes did yield a statistically significant effect (d=0.076, 95% CI 0.013 to 0.139), though this finding was marginally significant (p<0.10) in sensitivity analysis and should thus be regarded with caution. Again, there was little meaningful programme-level heterogeneity (I2=0%).
Meta-analysis of violence outcomes in PYD interventions
Violence outcomes for included studies. Positive values indicate a beneficial effect of the intervention. BBBS, Big Brothers Big Sisters; NGYCP, National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program; QOP, Quantum Opportunity Project.
This is the first systematic review of PYD interventions, specifically addressing and meta-analysing violence outcomes in young people. Though our search and selection criteria were rigorous and extensive, we were only able to locate three examples of PYD interventions with published outcome evaluations. These examples were diverse, though all met the definition of PYD that we created based on prior research. All promoted positive assets as a core of their interventions. One common way in which they did this was through extensive mentorship as a core component, delivered by a variety of people. Programmes, however, varied in how they operated. While NGYCP36–38 essentially functioned as a 'school replacement' programme, QOP30 ,31 acted to supplement school attendance and BBBS28 ,29 functioned separately from school.
Our meta-analysis yielded a pooled effect for violence outcomes that was not statistically significant over all time points, and was of marginal statistical significance immediately postintervention. Furthermore, the size of the pooled intervention effect was of questionable public health significance. Given the diversity of programmes, it is surprising that there was little statistical heterogeneity in either analysis, either between studies or within studies, though assessment of this was hampered by the small number of studies.
Another possible source of heterogeneity in effect is the age range that interventions target. The interventions included in this systematic review addressed young people at different stages of development including those not yet in adolescence (in part, BBBS28 ,29) to those in the later stages of adolescence (NGYCP36–38). Though we were not able to assess for moderation of intervention effect by age range of participants, future interventions may wish to consider how their approach to reducing violence via PYD is influenced by the age range being targeted.
It is possible that this non-significant pooled effect size is not necessarily an indication that interventions based on a PYD theory of change are ineffective in reducing violence. It is possible that other forms of PYD intervention might be effective. PYD focused more specifically on violence might be more effective. Although evaluated in terms of their effects reducing violence, these interventions included in this review did not specifically seek to target violence outcomes, though the process evaluation of NGYCP36–38 did report36 ,39 that staff members aimed to address gang membership. It is possible that PYD interventions focusing especially on violence may show stronger effects. It is also possible that the PYD interventions may have differential impacts on violence outcomes depending on the type of violence considered. That is, PYD interventions specifically seeking to reduce perpetration of violent crimes may have different effects than those seeking to address social and emotional learning skills to prevent fighting. We also note that we were unable to locate any measures of violence victimisation in the included studies. We did not find any evidence of a harmful effect of PYD interventions on violence outcomes. This is a concern because other interventions aiming to reduce juvenile delinquency, such as Scared Straight, have shown harmful effects on young people's engagement in criminal behaviours40 due to the potential for 'social deviancy training', in which programme participants model antisocial behaviours for peers, and social modelling effects from prisoners.
In addition to the limited number of studies our review included, our review may have been subject to publication and retrieval bias. We were unable to assess publication bias because of the few studies we included, and our extensive search and retrieval procedure was protective against the potential for retrieval bias.
Finally, in considering PYD interventions for adoption in the UK context, policymakers and commissioners should consider that interventions may not be readily generalisable between contexts. This is particularly given that all three included interventions were designed, conducted and evaluated in the UK context. In particular, the UK and the USA have considerably different service systems for supporting high-risk youth, suggesting that pathways to service referral may be different as well. Moving forward, PYD interventions considered as part of a strategy to reduce violence in young people—especially in social and service contexts where these interventions have not yet been evaluated—should be implemented as part of a carefully designed, rigorous evaluation strategy, preferably including randomised evaluation. However, it is important to acknowledge that this 'gold standard' approach to evaluation may not be possible in interventions that seek to target high-risk youth. Communities may not be amenable to randomisation. Regardless, there is a need for rigorous evaluation of PYD interventions. And in general, there is a need for more research on whether PYD interventions affect violence outcomes in young people, as well as how PYD interventions affect these outcomes, for whom these effects are strongest, and which configuration of assets characteristic of PYD is most effective. As PYD interventions continue to be a popular choice for policymakers, research that establishes whether interventions based on this theory of change are effective and that offers a guidepost for implementation will be of critical importance.
What is already known on this subject
Positive youth development (PYD) interventions focus on promotion of positive assets over more traditional risk reduction interventions.
It is unclear whether PYD is of use for preventing violence in young people.
What this study adds
PYD interventions may have a short-term effect, but not a long-term effect, in preventing violent behaviours in young people.
The scarcity of published evidence suggests that additional research is necessary before funding to these programmes is increased.
The authors thank Hayley Reed, the Involving Young People Research Officer at DECIPHer, for her advice on this project, and all the young people who worked with us on this project during our consultations with ALPHA young people's public input advisory group based in DECIPHer.
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Contributors GJM-T contributed to conducting the review, led the meta-analysis of outcome evaluations and contributed towards drafting this paper. KD managed the review day-to-day, and contributed to searching and report drafting. AF contributed to project planning and commented on report drafts. JT contributed to project planning, advised on meta-analysis and commented on report drafts. KH contributed towards report drafting. RC contributed to project planning and commented on report drafts. SM contributed to project planning and commented on report drafts. CB planned the project, and led on synthesis and report drafting.
Funding This project is funded by a grant from the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme (grant PHR 12/153/19). The work was undertaken with the support of The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged.
Ethics approval Institute of Education Faculty of Children and Learning.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/


Based on data from 8 vehicles, 522 fuel-ups and 114,747 miles of driving, the 1989 Volvo 240 gets a combined Avg MPG of 17.80 with a 0.55 MPG margin of error.
Below you can see a distribution of the fuel-ups with 5 outliers (0.95%) removed.
Find your "true" city/highway driving splits!


Raman spectroscopy has recently received attention as a means to estimate thermal maturity of organic matter in petroleum generating source rocks to complement more traditional approaches such as vitrinite reflectance and programmed pyrolysis. While many studies have observed positive correlations between source rock thermal maturity and Raman spectral parameters, little attention has been given to the degree of variation in the Raman response across individual organic grains, especially for shales or mudrocks with highly dispersed organic matter. Here the spatial variation in Raman estimates of thermal maturity within individual organic grains is assessed from shales from the Boquillas, Marcellus, Niobrara, and Woodford Formations. The thermal maturity parameters extracted from Raman spectra can vary widely across distances of ≤5 μm within the same organic grain. These results illustrate the high degree of chemical heterogeneity inherent to the organic matter within these source rocks. Additionally, the spatial pattern of the Raman parameters, as revealed by 2D Raman mapping, imply that organic matter structure is influenced by associations with mineral surfaces within the surrounding rock matrix. Chemical heterogeneity and matrix effects directly impact the Raman response from these types of materials and thus the extracted thermal maturity estimate. These findings highlight the care which must be adopted when making Raman measurements of organic matter within source rock matrices, especially for samples which feature highly dispersed, heterogeneous organic matter as found in petroliferous mudrocks.


text:
Canada's Federal Court urged to declare refugee health cuts illegal
By Nicholas KeungImmigration Reporter
Tues., Dec. 17, 2013timer2 min. read
Ottawa has breached international laws and the Charter of Rights by reducing and eliminating refugees' access to basic health care, a refugee advocate told the Federal Court on Tuesday.
The cuts to the federal refugee health program, implemented June 30, 2012, have endangered refugees' lives and incurred as much, if not more, cost to taxpayers by delaying preventive treatment and downloading the medical expenses to the provinces, the advocate argued.
On behalf of two patients affected by the cutbacks, groups representing lawyers and doctors for refugees appeared in the Toronto courtroom to ask Justice Anne L. Mactavish to declare the cuts unconstitutional and illegal, and order Ottawa to reinstate health coverage for all refugees.
The federal government contends that changes to the 56-year-old interim federal health program were made to ensure fairness to Canadians and deter refugees from taking unfair advantage of the country's health-care system. It stated that the cuts could save taxpayers $100 million over five years.
"Using health care as a punishment for people is unacceptable," Lorne Waldman, lawyer for the Canadian Doctors for Refugee Care and the two patients, told the court.
Under the new measures, health coverage for most refugees has been reduced and even basic care discontinued for asylum seekers from so-called "safe countries," failed refugees, and others sponsored by community groups such as churches to resettle here from overseas camps.
Waldman said the government shielded itself behind its royal prerogative and executive powers to avoid public consultations into the controversial cuts, which have been widely condemned by medical professionals, refugee lawyers and advocacy groups.
"This is not a statute. This is not a regulation. It is inconceivable in today's democracy," said Waldman.
His co-counsel, Pia Zambelli, said the cuts have caused chaos and jeopardized the health of refugees such as Daniel Andres Garcia Rodriguez and Hanif Ayubi, the two lead claimants in the legal challenge.
Rodriguez, a failed refugee from Colombia, was refused an operation to repair a retinal detachment, which could have cost him his vision permanently. Ayubi, an Afghan refugee who cannot be deported due to a moratorium on removals, has been denied insulin and care for his diabetes.
There are at least 38 other documented cases where care has been compromised for patients at various stages of the asylum process, including a Hungarian refugee who suffered schizophrenia and allegedly committed suicide because she had no access to medications, the lawyers said.
Although at least six provinces — Ontario, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia and Quebec — have stepped in to fill the gaps left by Ottawa, Zambelli said supplementary services and drug benefit programs are no replacement for basic health care funded by the federal government.
"They are not viable," she told court.
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Jacqueline Swaisland, counsel for the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers, agreed. "These cuts are inhumane and degrading, and (violate) our society's standards of decency," said Swaisland.
The hearing resumes Wednesday with arguments by lawyers representing the government and the Justice for Children and Youth, a non-government advocacy group.


Enough just to write this command in the startup options. Can easily do without the cheat mode activate.
> **Posted by SpencerBanana** > So this is a cheat? Yes, 'sv\_cheats' must be set to 1.
So this is a cheat?
You had some formatting issues there, I fixed it for you, but check them out for the next time.


Home Changing Face of Southern California Vegetable gardens, Elysian Park Drive, Los Angeles, Cal.
Vegetable gardens, Elysian Park Drive, Los Angeles, Cal.
Title Vegetable gardens, Elysian Park Drive, Los Angeles, Cal.
Description A view looking out over Eylsian Park Drive, showing vegetable fields in the foreground, and a small area of buildings on the right.
Historical Background Elysian Park is located near downtown Los Angeles, and is the city's oldest public park. Occupying 575-acres, it is the city's second largest park (after Griffith Park). It is home to numerous historic sites, including the Los Angeles Police Academy and Barlow Hospital. Under Spanish rule, the site was used as a rock quarry. When the United States took control of the land in 1849, the government surveyed the area intending to auction the land, but the Rock Quarry Hills were considered unsuitable for building, and remained city property. In 1886, the area was officially dedicated as Elysian Park, and became a popular recreation area, offering ample picnic grounds, an arboretum, zoological garden, and aviary.
Publisher's Identifier Series number: 747; Written in lower right corner of image: "14550"


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