text:
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Trees: Tort Liability For Injuries Involving Trees
CityLaw • Cover Article
08/22/2017 • (1) Comment
Image credit: CityLaw
Trees under the common law were considered natural conditions with the result that possessors of land were not liable for injuries caused trees. Professor William Prosser wrote in the first edition of the hornbook on Torts (1941) that the traditional common law rule was that the possessor of land was under no affirmative duty to make safe dangerous conditions on the land that were natural in origin. Prosser went on to say, however, that there "were indications of the development of a different rule as to urban land." Today, after many developments in the law of negligence and nuisance, coupled with statutory enactments and changes in the law of immunity, there are significant liability risks to the City for injuries caused by trees.
Falling Limbs
The City has a duty of reasonable care with respect to its park and street trees. A person injured by a falling limb must allege that the City knew about the dangerous condition of the tree, or should have known, and failed to take reasonable steps to make the dangerous condition safe. Reasonable care would include taking reasonable steps to inspect the tree in order to identify dangerous conditions. If the defect or dangerous condition would have been revealed by a reasonable inspection, and was not, the City may be subject to liability for injuries caused by that dangerous condition. The Court of Appeals has held that the reasonableness of the inspection of the tree was itself a question for a jury. Harris v. Village of East Hills, 41 N.Y.2d 446 (1977).
In Harris, Walter Harris was driving along a county lane when a large branch from a maple tree crashed onto the top of his car, caved in the car's roof and rendered him a quadriplegic. At trial it was established that the County of Nassau had police officers regularly observe trees from their car for potential hazards. The jury found that the county had not breached its duty to inspect, and the Court of Appeals affirmed, stating that inspecting the roadway from the patrol car was not unreasonable as a matter of law.
In another case, Alexis Handwerker, a 29-year-old social worker, was injured on July 16, 2007, when struck by a branch that fell from a large elm tree in Stuyvesant Square Park. Handwerker, who was sitting on a bench beneath the tree, was pinned to the ground and badly injured. Handwerker alleged that the City, had it taken reasonable steps to inspect the tree, would have known of the dangerous condition. To support her claim several witnesses submitted affidavits that described the tree trunk as "gooey." Handwerker v. City of New York, Dkt. No. 112462/2007 (N.Y. Cty. Sup. Ct. Sept. 22, 2010). The City elected not to go to trial and settled Handwerker's claim for $4 million dollars.
In yet another case, a 37-year-old Google engineer in 2009 on his way to work was struck in Central Park when a 100-pound limb fell from an oak tree. The blow fractured his skull, partially severed his spine and caused incomplete paraplegia. The City had in fact inspected the tree and discovered the dangerous condition, but had allegedly been negligent when it had failed to take reasonable steps to make the dangerous condition safe. A City arborist had inspected the tree and labeled the limb as dangerous condition 20 days prior to the accident. Under these unfavorable facts the City settled the claim for $11.5 million.
The Department of Parks and Recreation's tree pruning program plays a vital role in stemming injuries, claims and ultimately settlements that the City pays out. Parks is responsible for all of the trees in the parks and the 680,000 street trees along the City's streets and avenues. In 2016, the Parks Department, with the help of more than 2,300 volunteers, counted and mapped every street tree in New York City. Parks now boasts an up-to-date database of the street trees under its jurisdiction. The data includes each tree's trunk diameter, species, ecological benefits, and a link to GoogleMaps streetview. The survey did not, however, count trees in parks or those planted along highways which are under the jurisdiction of the City Department of Transportation.
In fiscal year 2010, the City slashed funding for tree pruning and maintenance. Claims for injuries caused by trees increased by 92 percent during the period of reduced pruning and maintenance, and in some community districts in the outer boroughs claims increased by 590 percent. ClaimStat, Office of the NYC Comptroller 12–14 (Oct. 2015).
Trees generally need to be pruned every ten years to prevent dangerous conditions. During fiscal year 2010 the City pruned fewer than 30,000 street trees—50,000 fewer trees than the previous year. The City restored full funding to Parks' pruning program in fiscal year 2013 and reengaged in the ten-year pruning cycle. In fiscal year 2016 Parks pruned over 87,000 street trees. Mayor's Management Report: Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of the Mayor 125 (2017).
Tree roots creating tripping hazards
A landowner generally has no duty to protect or warn against a tree root that is open and obvious condition, inherent or incidental to the nature of the property, and which could be reasonably anticipated by those using it. Dottavio v. Aspen Knolls Estates Home Owners Association, 147 A.D.3d 910 (2nd Dep't 2017).
Liability becomes more of an issue when a tree root causes sidewalks and streets to become uneven and unsafe. As a general rule a landowner has no affirmative duty to keep public sidewalks in front their properties safe or passable. The duty to maintain public sidewalks lies with the government generally and the City specifically in the five boroughs. A municipal ordinance, however, may expressly impose a duty on the landowner to maintain the sidewalk or curb adjoining the land. In 2003 the City Council enacted such a law—section 7-210 of the Administrative Code—which transferred tort liability from the City to adjoining property owners. The law exempted from liability one-, two- and three-family residential properties that are in whole or in part owner-occupied and used exclusively for residential purposes. In those situations, the City remains liable for injuries caused by defective sidewalks.
A problem might occur if a city-owned street tree caused the public sidewalk to become uneven. Would the adjoining property owner still be liable for the dangerous condition? The answer appears to be "Yes." It is still the adjoining landowner who is responsible for injuries. Landowners cannot hide behind the City's inaction concerning street tree roots to shield them from liability since it was the legislation's intent to shift liability for sidewalk accidents away from the City. Seplow v. Solil Management Corp., 841 N.Y.S.2d 823 (N.Y. Cty. Sup. Ct. 2007).
Tree wells
Tree wells located in public sidewalks remain the responsibility of the City. The law that shifted liability to abutting landowners for sidewalk defects did not include liability for defects in tree wells. Vucetovic v. Epsom downs, Inc., 10 N.Y.3d 517 (2008). The location of the defect determines whether the City or the abutting landowner will be liable. If the person tripped on a defect in the tree well – the City is liable. If the person tripped on a defect in the adjacent sidewalk the abutting landowner is liable.
In a recent appellate division case a woman lost her balance and fell after stepping into a sidewalk tree well in Queens. The court dismissed the case against the adjacent landowner because the woman failed to point to any defect in the sidewalk that was a cause of her injury. Donadio v. City of New York, 126 A.D.3d 851, 852 (2nd Dep't 2015).
An adjoining landowner may still be held liable for injuries caused by a tree well if the adjoining landowner created the defect or unsafe condition, or used the tree well for a special purpose such as installing a fence or varying the tree well's construction. If an adjoining landowner, for example, added a metal grate to the tree well which left a gap between the tree well and the sidewalk, the landowner risks liability for failing to maintain and repair the grate. Kleckner v. Meushar, 34th Street, LLC, 80 A.D.3d 478 (1st Dep't 2011).
The prior notice law applies with respect to City tree wells. The courts will not impose liability on the City for ordinary defects in tree well unless the City had prior written notice. Amabile v. City of Buffalo, 93 N.Y.2d 471 (1999); Tucker v. City of New York, 84 A.D.3d 640 (1st Dep't 2011).
Trees obstructing traffic
The City has a duty to maintain its roads in a reasonably safe condition and that duty includes the trimming of trees to assure visibility. Liability does not apply automatically; the City must have had actual or constructive notice of the dangerous condition. DiSanto v. Town of Islip, 212 A.D.2d 500 (2nd Dep't 1995).
Reasonable care requires the City to trim roadway trees that become hazardous. This requirement became the central issues in the case where Joan Nichols-Sisson was struck by a vehicle while driving through an intersection. The other driver could not see the stop sign because it was obscured by a tree that was planted by the adjacent landowner in the roadside right-of-way between the sidewalk and the curb. The court ruled that the landowner was not liable because it had relied on and followed plans approved by the City, and the tree was not a hazard when it was planted. But the court found that a trial was necessary to resolve the issues concerning the City's inspections of the location and actions taken to make the intersection safe. Nichols-Sisson v. Windstar Airport Service, Inc., 99 A.D.3d 770 (2nd Dep't 2012).
In 2015, Peter Poveromo, in a similar case, was injured at an intersection adjacent to a large evergreen tree growing on private property that allegedly obscured the view of other motorists entering the intersection. Poveromo alleged that the Town of Cortlandt was negligent in allowing the dangerous condition to exist. The court dismissed the complaint for lack of prior notice or the obstructed sight lines. Poveromo v. Town of Cortlandt, 127 A.D.3d 835 (2nd Dep't 2015).
Driving into roadside trees
Trees and shrubbery in close proximity to a roadway otherwise adequate do not create an unreasonable danger where travel beyond the paved portion is neither contemplated nor foreseeable. Hay v. State of New York, 60 A.D.3d 1190 (3rd Dep't 2009) (driver swerved to avoid deer and hit tree stump three feet from roadway surface). The City's duty to maintain safe roads only extended to conditions beyond the lanes and shoulders when a prior accident or other event would give notice of a specific danger. In Soto v. City of New York, 63 A.D.3d 1035 (2nd Dep't 2009), Herman Soto was driving his car on Highland Boulevard in Highland Park, Brooklyn. To avoid an oncoming car Soto swerved and collided with a tree that was located four and a half feet from the roadway. There were guardrails on that portion of the road, but the tree was located between the road and the guardrail. Soto argued that the guardrails were defectively installed because they would not prevent a car from striking the tree. The court found that the guardrails were designed to prevent entry into the park, not to prevent collisions with trees. The existence of trees so close to the roadway "did not give rise to a condition so inherently dangerous as to necessitate the erection of guardrails or the removal of trees." Id. at 1037. The case was dismissed as a matter of law.
Many street trees intersect with overhead telephone and power lines. The lines literally thread their way through the branches. There is no New York case that has specifically addressed the question of liability for power lines strung through trees, though there are some holdings which sketch out the likelihood that a utility company would be held liable. Utilities have an affirmative duty to exercise reasonable care in the operation and maintenance of powers line. This degree of precaution required is a function of the danger to the public coming into contact with the power lines. Therefore when higher voltages are transported there will be "a correspondingly higher duty of care owed." Miner v. Long Is. Light. Co., 40 N.Y.2d 372, 379 (1976).
There is no duty of cable and phone line owners to trim a tree so that a child could not climb it and reach another entity's high voltage line. In 1978, seven-year-old James Holden climbed a poplar tree in the backyard of a neighbor's house and came in contact with a power line. The 2400 volt line caused serious injury to his left hand. The electric lines, owned by the village municipal commission, were at the top of the 35-foot pole. Below the electric lines, also running through the tree, was a phone line and a cable TV line. The court held that the telephone company and cable company had "reasonably discharged their duty without trimming the tree" because the two lines did not pose a risk of harm and therefore there was no duty to protect tree climbers, be they children or not. While the companies had a right to trim the trees growing along the path of their wires, "it would be illogical to transform that right, which is appurtenant to the easement, into a duty to trim branches from trees for the protection of young climbers to whom there is no foreseeable risk." Holden v. Boyle, 80 A.D.2d 281 (4th Dep't 1981).
The court may find a utility company liable where a utility fails to exercise reasonable care in maintaining its power lines. In one case a child received an electric shock from the utility's power line while climbing a tree on town property. The child inadvertently touched the 7200 volt wire and fell 25 feet to the ground. The child's parents sued both the utility and the town arguing that the town had invited the child to climb the tree by not trimming the lowest branches and that the utility had not properly insulated the power line. The Supreme Court dismissed the claim against the town, stating that "the court declines to impose upon the Town a duty to render all the trees within its care impossible to climb." The Supreme Court, however, refused to dismiss the case against the utility company because there was a question of fact as to whether the line was properly insulated. Trapani by Trapani v. Rochester Gas and Elec. Corp., 146 Misc.2d 483 (Monroe Cty. Sup. Ct. 1995), aff'd 229 A.D.2d 923 (4th Dep't 1996).
By: Jonathon Sizemore (Jonathon is the CityLaw Fellow and a New York Law School Graduate, Class of 2016).
Tags : Department of Parks and Recreation, Department of Transportation, municipal liability, Tort Liability
Category : CityLaw
One Response to "Trees: Tort Liability For Injuries Involving Trees"
Andrew Harrison says:
Thank you my son was injured paralyzed from the chest down when a tree broke near jackie robinson pkwy on 7-16-16. An arborist examined the broken tree and concluded the tree had been hit by a car sometime earlier and was badly damaged. The City against a letter sent to the NYC Law Department requesting that the tree remain and the evidence be preserved removed the all of the tree but the stump within 3-4 days of the accident. Obviously I am very interested in trees falling.
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text:
«Натурщица» — фильм Татьяны Воронецкой, снят по рассказу Юрия Нагибина «Трое и одна, и еще один».

Сюжет
Начало 20 века. В жаркий, летний день в Тифлис из-за границы приезжает пара: светская львица Софья Пшибышевская и деловой человек Владислав Эшенбах. Её окружают талантливые художники и поэты, художники пишут её портреты, а поэты посвящают ей стихи. Он ревнует её. Взаимоотношения как натянутая нить, которая может лопнуть в любое время, но неизвестно когда это случится. Драма отношений двух людей, на фоне событий предреволюционной России.

Актёры
 Виктория Толстоганова — Софья Пшибышевская
 Даниил Спиваковский — Владислав Эшенбах
 Николай Фоменко — Николай Карпов
 Даниил Страхов — Андрей Позднышев
 Виталий Егоров — Эдвард Мунк
 Татьяна Кравченко — дама
 Марк Рудинштейн — банкир
 Людмила Полякова — Людмила Полякова
 Ерванд Арзуманян
 Шота Гамисония — хозяин гостиницы
 Мария Леонова — вдова брата Познышева
 Александр Кульков — проводник
 Марина Орлова — Аня, дочь дамы

Примечания

Ссылки

Экранизации литературных произведений
Экранизации произведений Юрия Нагибина

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Media and PR
Wikipedia-style travel guide goes live in rebuff to Internet Brands
Dennis Schaal, Skift
September 23rd, 2012 at 7:18 AM EDT
The launch of Wikivoyage is significant and an important victory for supporters of commercial-free destination content. But, while a challenge, rival guidebook publishers won't have to close up shop any time soon.
In a rebuff to Internet Brands and its commercial Wikitravel, the Wikimedia community launched a not-for-profit English-language Wikivoyage, making good on a controversial plan endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation last month.
The new Wikivoyage, with its 26,500 destination guides written by volunteer contributors Wikipedia-style under a Creative Commons license, is being hosted by Wikivoyage in Germany for now.
The new, just-unveiled Wikivoyage site declares: "Welcome to English Wikivoyage. We are currently in a transitional cleanup period in anticipation of a move to the Wikimedia Foundation."
The Wikimedia Foundation, parent of Wikipedia, agreed to host and support the new global travel wiki, despite opposition, including a lawsuit against volunteers, from Internet Brands, which owns rival Wikitravel.
The details of a move to the Wikimedia Foundation's hosting of the site and providing other technical support are being worked out, and an online poll is under way to solicit sentiment on whether the name Wikivoyage should be retained.
Since all of the travel guide content was created under a Creative Commons license, the Wikivoyage volunteers basically ported and cleaned up the guides and photos from Internet Brands' commercial Wikitravel to launch the advertising-free Wikivoyage.
Internet Brands filed a lawsuit over the issue last month, alleging that its intellectual property, including its Wikitravel trademarks, were illegally used by Wikimedia community/Wikitravel volunteers to persuade other volunteers and administrators to join the rebel effort. The Wikimedia Foundation, which wasn't cited as a defendant but is feeling the heat, nonetheless, filed its own suit and vowed that the Internet Brands litigation wouldn't slow its efforts to support a new global travel wiki.
The homepage today of the new Wikivoyage features San Francisco as the destination of the month, and Staraya Russa, Russia, as a worthy "off the beaten path" locale.
The content itself — the writings and images in the the various 26,500 travel guides — are virtually identical to what you can find on Wikitravel since they were both created under the Creative Commons license.
The Wikimedia community voted overwhelmingly last month to create the new global travel wiki, arguing that Internet Brands' use of advertising was anathema to wiki ideals, and that the company, which also owns sites such as FlyerTalk and Cruisemates, wasn't providing enough technical upkeep for Wikitravel.
Internet Brands, meanwhile, unsuccessfully proposed partnering with the Wikimedia Foundation on the effort and argued that a breakaway travel wiki would unfairly leverage the millions of dollars of investment that Internet Brands put into Wikitravel.
Not a guidebook killer
In the months leading up to the launch of the new Wikivoyage English-language travel wiki, there has been much buzz about the effort because Wikipedia is such an impactful wiki, frequently appearing near the top of Google search results.
Wikivoyage and all its hoped-for SEO juice could be a challenge for other travel guide publishers, from LonelyPlanet and Fodor's, to Rough Guides and Frommer's, with the latter recently being acquired by Google.
But Wikivoyage's destination guides, while full of detail and pertinent information, lack a certain life to them. For example, here is Wikivoyage's opening paragraph about San Francisco:
San Francisco is a major city in California, the centerpiece of the Bay Area, well-known for its liberal community, hilly terrain, Victorian architecture, scenic beauty, summer fog, and great ethnic and cultural diversity. These are only a few of the aspects of the city that make San Francisco one of the most visited cities in the world.
And, here's LonelyPlanet's opening about San Francisco:
Grab your coat and a handful of glitter, and enter the land of fog and fabulousness. So long, inhibitions; hello, San Francisco…
Consider permission permanently granted to step up, strip down and go too far: other towns may surprise you, but in San Francisco you will surprise yourself. Good times and social revolutions tend to start here, from manic Gold Rushes to blissful hippie Be-Ins. If there's a skateboard move yet to be busted, a technology still unimagined, a poem left unspoken or a green scheme untested, chances are it's about to happen here. Yes, right now: this town has lost almost everything in earthquakes and dot-com gambles, but never its nerve.
Which description — Wikivoyage's or LonelyPlanet's — would spur travelers to keep reading and discover more?
Tags: guidebooks, guides, wiki
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Kennington Park, formerly known as Kennington Common, consists of approximately 20 acres and is still part of the Duchy of Cornwall though now managed by Lambeth Borough Council. From the earliest recorded times, the Common was widely used for fairs and gatherings of all sorts. Preachers including both John Wesley and George Whitefield held services on the Common to very large audiences with sometimes as many as 50,000 gathering to hear their sermons. In 1848 the Chartists held a meeting there and, although the Duke of Wellington called in hundreds of police in anticipation of trouble, the meeting ended quietly. The park lodge, known as the Prince Consort's Model Lodge, was designed by Henry Roberts (1803-1876). A founding member of the Institute of British Architects, Roberts championed decent accommodation for the working classes and was a founding member of the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes (SICLC). The lodge, designed to house four families, was one of two built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park to showcase the SICLC's ideas. After the exhibition, it was dismantled and re-erected on its current site.
Following the formation of the park, local people who could no longer play games of cricket on the land, formed the Oval Cricket Club which was leased to the Surrey Cricket Club for a nominal fee. In 1869 Doulton and Co donated a statue by George Tintworth – Pilgrimage of Life to the park.
In April 1848 the Chartists, a broadly working-class movement for political and social reform which took its name from The People's Charter of 1838, organised a rally at Kennington. Estimates for numbers attending varied between 15,000 (the government), 300,000 (the organisers) and 50,000 (the press, probably the most accurate). The Duke of Wellington ordered that 8,000 soldiers and 150,000 special constables policed the event, to prevent a revolution, but in the end the event was peaceful. 1848 was a year when revolutions were bursting out all over Europe – France, Italian states, German states, Hungary, Switzerland, Romania, even Brazil. To top it off, Marx and Engels were in London.
The government were not too happy about Kennington Common being used for dangerous mass events because it was too near to Parliament, so they enclosed it. It became a public park, the first in south London.
Prince Consort Lodge, the building that sits just inside the park facing Kennington Park Road, is also a legacy of the Chartists – it was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and was meant to be moved afterwards to Primrose Hill. Prince Albert (the Consort and President of the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes) made a political decision to leave it in Kennington.
The Friends of Kennington Park have published a pamphlet – The Springtime of the Peoples – celebrating the 160th anniversary of the Chartist rally on Kennington Common.


text:
Home / Azadi ka amrit mahotsav
A Lecture series is being organized by National Innovation Foundation - India under "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav", an ongoing initiative of Govt. of India to commemorate 75 years of progressive India and the glorious history of its people, culture and achievements.
Dr Jai C. Rana, National Coordinator, UN Environment-GEF Project, India delivered a lecture on the topic "Neglected and Underutilized Species: Role and Relevance in Present Day Agriculture".
As a part of the ongoing lecture series at National Innovation Foundation - India under "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav", Prof Vinod K. Sharma, Vice Chairman, Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority, Govt. of Sikkim and Senior Professor, Disaster Management, Indian Institute of Public Administration delivered a lecture on the topic "Disaster Management system in India - progress made in 75 years".
Grassroots Innovators supported by NIF from different parts of the country participated in the Research and Innovation summit organized by Vision India @ 75 in line with #AmritMahotsav to celebrate country's 75th year of independence.
General (Dr.) V. K. Singh, Hon'ble Minister of State for Road Transport and Highways; Prof Ashutosh Sharma, Secretary, Department of Science and Technology and Dr G. Satheesh Reddy, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, DRDO were the key dignitaries present during the Research and Innovation summit.
Shri C V Raju (Herbal Toys, Andhra Pradesh), Shri Suren Baruah (Belt System Dryer (BSD) for Green Tea, Assam), Shri Subhash Ola (Modified boiler and condensation and heat recovery system, Rajasthan) and Shri Jaymeen Patel on behalf of Shri Arvind Bhai Patel (Natural Water Cooler, Gujarat) delivered a talk on their respective innovative technologies.
In addition, the summit had inspiring talk by senior academicians and defence personnel.
2nd December, 2021
An awardee meet with the winners of the 8th NLEPC of the INSPIRE Awards - MANAK was organised on 2nd December, 2021 at New Delhi. In this very interactive meeting, the students were motivated, given exposure to various essentials of incubation cycle, their thoughts on bespoke incubation of their award winning ideas and innovations were captured and a Certificate, a Trophy and a Laptop was distributed which would help them in their scientific journeys.
In continuation of the awardee meet with the winners of the 8th NLEPC of the INSPIRE Awards - MANAK being held in different parts of the country, a meet with the awardee students in North-Eastern part of India was organised on 6th December 2021 at Guwahati. A total of 12 students from 8 states along with their teachers, parents and State Nodal Officers of 5 States participated in this very interactive meeting. The students shared their candid views on the next steps of the incubation cycle for their ideas and innovations which won them the award. During this meeting, students were motivated and given exposure to various essentials of the incubation cycle, and their thoughts on bespoke incubation of their award-winning ideas and innovations were captured and a Certificate, a Trophy and a Laptop was distributed which would help them in their scientific journeys.
In continuation of the ongoing INSPIRE Awards - MANAK awardee meet, a meeting with the winners of the 8th NLEPC of the INSPIRE Awards - MANAK was organised on 9th December 2021 at Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
A total of 6 students from Jharkhand and Odisha along with their teachers, parents and State Nodal Officers participated in this very interactive meeting.
During this meeting, students were given exposure to various essentials of incubation cycle, and their thoughts on bespoke incubation of their award-winning ideas and innovations were captured. A Certificate, Trophy and Laptop was distributed which would help them in their scientific journeys and further motivate them.
10th December – 13th December, 2021
Grassroots innovation and student innovation based technologies were exhibited by NIF during India International Science Festival 2021 from 10th - 13th December, 2021 at Panaji, Goa.
During this four day expo, several thousand visitors experienced grassroots innovations and children creativity based innovations, and few amongst them had expressed interest in being customer to such technologies.


text:
Q: Switching between mysql databases function getLink($sa){
    if($sa=='1'){
        $sa = 'qp_bbl';
    } else {
        $sa = 'qp_sbl';
    }
    return $sa;
}

if(!$_POST['action']){
    header ("Location: index.php");
}else{

$sa = $_POST['select'];

$sa = getLink($sa);

$link = connect(HOST, USER, PASSWORD, $sa);

(....)
}

This is driving me crazy. Select can be '1' or '2'. If i hard code $sa = '1' or '2' it all works great but if get set it from $_POST['select'] it's a no go. I don't really understand...

A: With this solution you need to post "sa" on every page request, otherwise it will always fall back to "qp_sbl" for any other request, since you don't seem to store which database you want to use during the session.

A: You could try examining the contents of $_POST using print_r($_POST) to make sure that $_POST['select'] is getting passed.
You should not be making a database connection based on $_POST data, though.  This is not very secure.  If you want to conditionally select a database based on $_POST, try something like this:
switch($_POST['select']) {

  case '1':  $db = '1';  break;
  default:   $db = '2';

}

That way you are sure that you are selecting a valid db.

A: To continue jonstjohn's comment about print_r... it would also pay for us to see the initial form that is meant to be posting to this script, in case there's a problem there.
It may also help to just store the select value in the session when it is posted and then just use the value from the session until it changes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tum is in Ethiopia. The IATA code (ID) for this city is TUJ.
Time zone in Tum: +3 GMT. Please keep in mind that airplane tickets show the local departure time, so you will have to set your watch prior to your flight.


Having oily skin can be difficult especially if you are a makeup lover. All you want is for your perfectly applied foundation and face makeup to not melt off and not look like a greased-up mess at the end of the day.
Dewy foundation or any foundation with "glow" in its name and description is usually a no-no and something that my oily skin people tend to stay away from. Those types of skin makeup usually get melted off by the natural oils in your face and you just end up very shiny, patchy, and basically, a hot mess by the end of the day. That cute, glowy, dewy look turns into greasy, oily, and not cute very fast.
This is where matte foundation comes in. Matte foundation is basically a girl with an oily face's savior. You don't really need to add glow or dewiness on your face when you have oily skin, what you need is makeup that will help keep your natural oils at bay and your face non-greasy. A great matte foundation will control the oil that your face produces, keep you matte for longer, and stay on until you want to take it off.
Another concern for oily skin is that usually, what comes with that is acne prone skin. Oil based foundations have often been found to worsen or be the cause of breakouts for those who have oily skin.
Your skin is already producing a lot of oil, adding more to it by using an oil based foundation will cause your pores to be blocked and for the dirt and makeup particles to be trapped in them therefore causing the blemishes to pop up.
So, what is the solution for all of this? Four words will get your skin a ton of relief and still give you that dose of makeup that you need in your life: oil free matte foundation.
A non-oil based foundation won't pack on oil on your face and clog your pores, this will significantly reduce the chances of your skin breaking out. A matte foundation will take care of the shininess that might occur with the natural oils that your face produces and of course, will still give you that coverage that you need.
Here are the best oil-free matte foundations that your skin will thank you for.
The Clarins Truly Matte Foundation is perfect for those who want a very natural-looking matte foundation. The finish of this is super pretty, subtle and matte but not flat.
Often times, matte foundation can look and feel heavy on the face or emphasize any dry of flaky patches and make the skin look dull. This foundation provides a super velvety matte finish but still achieves quite a healthy glow. It doesn't cling onto any dry patches and it feels very lightweight.
You can wear this as a light coverage foundation by using just a tiny amount of it and get that matte but natural, skin-like finish or you can build it up to cover up more of your discoloration and blemishes by packing on a bit more product. This foundation is a liquid foundation with a runny consistency and is, of course, oil-free so it has less chance of causing any breakouts or clogging your pores.
The Bare Minerals Matte Foundation, if we're being honest, is probably the best foundation you can actually use if you want to really take care of your skin. Dermatologists all over the world always suggest switching on over to mineral based skin makeup if you have really oily and acne prone skin. And the best mineral based matte foundation out in the market right now is the Bare Minerals Matte Foundation.
Most of the time, a lot of makeup lovers are hesitant to make the switch to mineral foundation because quite frankly, they're just usually not as good as their non-mineral based counterparts. However, Bare Minerals have definitely delivered with their products and are the reason more and more people are going the mineral route.
The Bare Minerals Matte Foundation provides sheer to medium to full coverage depending on how you build it up. Unlike a lot of other mineral or powder based foundations, it's not cakey, chalky, or drying. As you apply the powder on your face, it melts and blends perfectly on the skin. It doesn't have a completely flat matte finish, in fact, it still gives your face a nice and healthy natural glow while still controlling and helping absorb the natural oils on your face.
This product is, of course, completely paraben and oil free along with other synthetic ingredients usually found in foundation that could agitate very sensitive skin. It has natural ingredients and is advertised as "makeup you could sleep in" so it's definitely safe for sensitive skin.
I know what you're thinking, how did a "luminous" foundation make its way onto this oil free matte foundation list? Admittedly, NARS' name for this product is a bit misleading because even though the NARS All Day Luminous Weightless Foundation has "luminous" in it, it actually has a fairly matte finish.
This definitely has great full coverage that will give you that perfect, flawless effect. This will cover redness, blemishes, and any kind of discoloration you want to conceal to have a perfectly even and smooth complexion.
If you follow any makeup artists or beauty gurus online, then you will have probably seen these being raved about by a few of them and for good reason! This doesn't only look really nice on the skin and gives you amazing coverage, it also lasts amazingly well so you won't look super shiny only after a few hours. It is, of course, oil free so even if you do make the most out of its staying power and keep it on all day, it won't clog up your pores too badly.
If you are updated on all things makeup and love watching your favorite beauty bloggers rave about the products that they have been loving lately, then you will definitely know that the Rimmel Stay Matte Powder is practically everywhere and every beauty lover adores this product.
Rimmel have also actually come out with a range of products in the "Stay Matte" line and one of them is the Rimmel Stay Matte Foundation. If you're already familiar with the Stay Matte Powder, you'll know that makeup gurus absolutely love it because it does such a great job of mattifying and keeping the skin matte throughout the day. You can expect the same thing for the Rimmel Stay Matte Foundation.
If you're one of those people who really love that super matte effect with no shine at all, then this foundation is definitely for you. It's not a liquid but rather, a mousse foundation so a little goes a very long way.
The coverage of this is definitely medium to full so your discoloration, blemishes, and redness will be completely covered and you'll get a super matte, flawless finish. The lasting power of this is amazing and you'll definitely "stay matte" for a long time. You don't have to worry about your skin being suffocated too much either because this foundation is oil free and lightweight.
When it comes to oily skin, especially in the summer or humidity, matte foundation is going to be your best friend. It will help control the oil your skin produces and last longer throughout the day. Basically, it will keep that dreaded sheen of grease from covering your face completely. However, something you may not know is that a lot of matte foundations still actually have oil in them. Yes, even though you might use a "mattifying" foundation, you might look at the ingredients and find that it still contains oil or is oil based. This is because oil is usually what is used in most foundations to act as a base and basically make all the different ingredients mixed together into a makeup product. The bad thing about it, though, is that it isn't really good for your skin.
If you have oily skin, oil based foundations can clog your pores and cause breakouts. If you find that you have had a lot breakouts and your skin has been really bad lately, then it might be time to change your foundation.
Luckily, there are now some amazing matte foundations that are completely oil free but acts just as well as their oil based counterparts. If you have super sensitive and oily skin, then it's better in the long run if you switch to a foundation that is oil free. Your skin will be able to breathe, you'll get less breakouts, therefore, makeup will look even better on your skin! If you're scared that oil free matte foundations might not be as good as oil based ones, don't be! This list contains the best oil free foundations right now that are totally worth converting for.
Matte Foundation Definition: Is It Right For You?


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General Fiction, Romance
By Donneil D Jackson
Publisher : Pure Bliss Publishing
ABOUT Donneil D Jackson
Donneil D. Jackson is a writer by nature and a Jersey Girl by heart. Growing up a sheltered child, she used writing as an escape from her everyday life. She discovered that with writing she could be someone else, do things Donneil would never do and entertain others. Donneil has been writi More...
As one of the hottest radio personalities, Kayla, the Gossip Queen, has the fast-paced, glamorous life that many dream of. But one thing eludes her. Love. Growing up in a family where her father was nothing more than a monthly check, Kayla sets her sights on finding true love, even if he comes attached to another. She s determined to create the perfect family of husband, wife, home, and children--even if she has to slip up and make a ton of mistakes along the way.
After a decade of being with a man who constantly makes her question her role in his life and her vision of the perfect family, Kayla has to ask herself, "Am I right to fight for this love, or am I being foolish?"
The Story Behind This Book
As one of the hottest radio personalities, Kayla, the Gossip Queen, has the fast-paced, glamorous life that many dream of. But one thing eludes her. Love. Growing up in a family where her father was nothing more than a monthly check, Kayla sets her sights on finding true love, even if he comes attached to another. She's determined to create the perfect family of husband, wife, home, and children--even if she has to slip up and make a ton of mistakes along the way. After a decade of being with a man who constantly makes her question her role in his life and her vision of the perfect family, Kayla has to ask herself, "Am I right to fight for this love, or am I being foolish?"
Kontrol Magazine
Praise and Reviews
You Will Definitely Be Entertained! July 27, 2013
By ChickLitGurrl™
Every once in a while, I come across a character that makes me want to throttle them because of the choices they make. Kayla, the main character of Donneil D. Jackson's Foolish is one of those characters. And because of my need to throttle, I felt compelled to continue reading to learn of her ultimate fate. Kayla is a hot radio personality. She's beautiful, leads a glamorous life, and wants nothing more than to find love, settle down, and live happily ever after (HEA) with her family and her fabulousness. When she meets Shawn, Kayla thinks she has found THE ONE, but the ten years of roller coaster living with him, full of betrayals, lies, affairs, and heartache, says differently. The big question of Foolish is will Kayla continue to make excuses and stay in her relationship: is she foolish, or is it really love? Jackson gives us a character we want to follow until the book's ending; we want to see the drama unfold--and there is so much drama that unfolds. We want to see how her friends, whose lives are just as dramatic and fabulous, affect what Kayla does or doesn't do in her pursuit to find her slice of HEA. Foolish and Jackson's development of Kayla will definitely make you emote and react... and will make you think about JUDGING. Do we judge the Kaylas of the world, or do we try to understand what makes them tick and empathize?
I received a copy of this book in exchange for an honest review.
The Passion Series
Other Book(s) By Donneil D Jackson
Chante's Song


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CBP Officers Stop Illegal Exportation of Ammunition at Douglas Port of Entry
Douglas, Ariz. - U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers stopped an illegal exportation of 1,000 rounds of ammunition plus 20 magazines designed for 9mm ammunition.
On April 19 at about 1 p.m. CBP officers were screening travelers in the south-bound lane that directs traffic from the U.S. into Mexico. CBP officers came in contact with a 2001Ford Excursion being driven by a 26-year-old woman identified as a United States citizen and resident of Douglas, Ariz. The woman was accompanied by a 28-year-old man who was also identified as a United States citizen and a Douglas resident. CBP officers became suspicious and searched the vehicle and discovered 25 boxes (1,000 rounds) of 30 caliber ammunition along with 20 magazines designed to hold 9mm rounds.
"We are not certain of the destination of the ammo and magazines that were seized today," said Michael Humphries, area port director for the Douglas/Naco ports of entry, "but one thing is for sure, if this ammo would have fallen into the hands of the drug cartels it would have certainly been used to threaten the lives of many to include law enforcement and any one else that apposes their agenda. Customs and Border Protection remains firm in the commitment to secure our nation's borders."
CBP officers seized all of the ammunition and magazines. The man was turned over to custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement for further investigation and prosecution. The woman was turned over to ICE for further questioning.


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The tabular model workspace database, used during model authoring, is created when you create a new tabular model project in SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT).
When you create a new tabular model project in SSDT, you can specify an Analysis Services instance to use while authoring your project. Beginning with the September 2016 release (14.0.60918.0) of SQL Server Data Tools, introduces two modes for specifying a workspace instance when you create a new tabular model project.
Integrated workspace - Recommended. Utilizes SSDT's own internal Analysis Services instance. Use this setting when creating a project that will be deployed to Azure Analysis Services.
Workspace server - A workspace database is created on an explicit Analysis Services instance, often on the same computer as SSDT or another computer in the same network. While you can specify an Azure Analysis Services server, it's not recommended.
With Integrated workspace, a working database is created in-memory using SSDTs own implicit Analysis Services instance. Integrated workspace mode significantly reduces the complexity of authoring tabular projects in SSDT because a separate explicit Analysis Services server is not required.
By using Integrated workspace mode, SSDT Tabular dynamically starts its own internal SSAS instance in the background and loads the database. You can add and view tables, columns, and data in the model designer. If you add additional tables, columns, relationships, etc., you're modifying the workspace database. Integrated workspace mode does not change how SSDT Tabular works with a workspace server and database. What changes is where SSDT Tabular hosts the workspace database.
You can select Integrated workspace mode when creating a new tabular model project in SSDT.
By using the Workspace Database and Workspace Server properties for model.bim, you can discover the name of the temporary database and the TCP port of the internal SSAS instance where SSDT Tabular hosts the database. You can connect to the workspace database with SSMS as long as SSDT Tabular has the database loaded. The Workspace Retention setting specifies that SSDT Tabular keeps the workspace database on disk, but no longer in memory after a model project is closed. This ensures less memory is consumed than if the model was kept in memory at all times. If you want to control these settings, set the Integrated Workspace Mode property to False and then provide an explicit workspace server. An explicit workspace server also make senses if the data you are importing into a model exceeds the memory capacity of your SSDT workstation.
When using Integrated workspace mode, the local Analysis Services instance is 64-bit, while SSDT runs in the 32-bit environment of Visual Studio. If you're connecting to special data sources, make sure you install both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the corresponding data providers on your workstation. The 64-bit provider is required for the 64-bit Analysis Services instance and the 32-bit version is required for the Table Import Wizard in SSDT.
A workspace database is created on the Analysis Services instance, specified in the Workspace Server property, when you create a new Business Intelligence project by using one of the tabular model project templates in SQL Server Data Tools. Each tabular model project will have its own workspace database. You can use SQL Server Management Studio to view the workspace database on the Analysis Services server. The workspace database name includes the project name, followed by an underscore, followed by the username, followed by an underscore, followed by a GUID.
The workspace database resides in-memory while the tabular model project is open in SQL Server Data Tools. When you close the project, the workspace database is either kept in-memory, stored to disk and removed from memory (default), or removed from memory and not stored on disk, as determined by the Workspace Retention property. For more information about the Workspace Retention property, see Workspace Database Properties later in this topic.
After you've added data to your model project by using the Table Import Wizard or by using copy/paste, when you view the tables, columns, and data in the model designer, you are viewing the workspace database. If you add additional tables, columns, relationships, etc. you are changing the workspace database.
When you deploy a tabular model project, the deployed model database, which is essentially a copy of the workspace database, is created on the Analysis Services server instance specified in the Deployment Server property. For more information about the Deployment Server property, see Project properties.
The model workspace database typically resides on localhost or a local named instance of an Analysis Services server. You can use a remote instance of Analysis Services to host the workspace database, however, this configuration is not recommended due to latency during data queries and other restrictions. Optimally, the instance of Analysis Services that will host the workspace databases is on the same computer as SQL Server Data Tools. Authoring model projects on the same computer as the Analysis Services instance that hosts the workspace database can improve performance.
The Data Backup property cannot be set to Backup to disk.
You cannot import data from a Power Pivot workbook when creating a new tabular model project by using the Import from Power Pivot project template.
The model's compatibility level and the Workspace Server must correspond.
If any of the tables in your model will contain a large number of rows, consider importing only a subset of the data during model authoring. By importing a subset of the data, you can reduce processing time and consumption of workspace database server resources.
The preview window in the Select Tables and Views page in the Table Import Wizard, Edit Table Properties dialog box, and Partition Manager dialog box show tables, columns, and rows at the data source, and may not show the same tables, columns, and rows as the workspace database.
Integrated Workspace Mode, Workspace Server, Workspace Retention, and Data Backup properties have default settings applied when you create a new model project. You can change the default settings for new model projects on the Data Modeling page in Analysis Server settings in the Tools\Options dialog box. These properties, as well as others, can also be set for each model project in the Properties window. Changing default settings will not apply to model projects already created. For more information, see Configure default data modeling and deployment properties.
Integrated Workspace Mode True, False If Integrated workspace mode is selected for the workspace database when the project is created, this property will be True. If Workspace server mode is selected when the project is created, this property will be False.
Workspace database Name The name of the workspace database. This property cannot be edited when Integrated Workspace Mode is True.
Keep in memory - Specifies to keep the workspace database in memory after a model project is closed. This option will consume more memory; however, when opening a model project in SQL Server Data Tools, fewer resources are consumed and the workspace database will load faster.
Unload from memory - Specifies to keep the workspace database on disk, but no longer in memory after a model project is closed. This option will consume less memory; however, when opening a model project in SQL Server Data Tools, the workspace database must be re-attached; additional resources are consumed and the model project will load more slowly than if the workspace database is kept in memory. Use this option when in-memory resources are limited or when working on a remote workspace database.
Delete workspace - Specifies to delete the workspace database from memory and not keep the workspace database on disk after the model project is closed. This option will consume less memory and storage space; however, when opening a model project in SQL Server Data Tools, additional resources are consumed and the model project will load more slowly than if the workspace database is kept in memory or on-disk. Use this option when only occasionally working on model projects.
The default setting for this property can be changed on the Data Modeling page in Analysis Server settings in the Tools\Options dialog box. This property cannot be edited when Integrated Workspace Mode is True.
Workspace Server localhost This property specifies the default server that will be used to host the workspace database while the model project is being authored in SQL Server Data Tools. All available instances of Analysis Services running on the local computer are included in the listbox.
To specify a different Analysis Services server (running in Tabular mode), type the server name. The user logged on must be an Administrator on the Analysis Services server.
Note that It is recommended you specify a local Analysis Services server as the workspace server. For workspace databases on a remote server, importing from Power Pivot is not supported, data cannot be backed up locally, and the user interface may experience latency during queries.
The default setting for this property can be changed on the Data Modeling page in Analysis Services settings in the Tools\Options dialog box. This property cannot be edited when Integrated Workspace Mode is True.
You can use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to connect to a Analysis Services server that hosts a workspace database. Typically, there is no management of the workspace database necessary; the exception, is to detach or delete a workspace database, which must be done from SQL Server Management Studio. Do not use SQL Server Management Studio to manage the workspace database while the project is open in the model designer. Doing so could lead to data loss.


text: INSERT INTO tpcds.catalog_sales SELECT * FROM ext_tpcds.catalog_sales;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Acne? Irregular periods? How to deal with coming off the pill!
Whether you're looking to add a little one to your family or would simply like to reconnect with your natural cycle, coming off the pill is an important step in many women's lives. But even with the best preparation, transitioning to a pill-free existence will likely result in some side effects and withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms will fluctuate from woman-to-woman and can last anywhere from a few weeks to a year or longer. So, what can you expect?
How can you ease the transition?
Taking the contraceptive pill isn't a natural process for your body. So weaning yourself off the pill and allowing your body to return to its normal functioning is then logically going to create turmoil of some kind as your body attempts to rebalance and regulate hormone function.
A balanced diet (with little to no processed food) will be one of the best defenses you have for overcoming any not-so-good side effects of coming off the pill.
You can assist your body in removing excess oestrogen from your body by limiting your exposure to chemicals, eating organic food and supporting your liver with some beautiful herbs and nutrients.
While your medical practitioner or naturopath will be able to recommend supplements, some that have reported hormonal benefits are maca powder, vitex agnus-castus, magnesium, milk thistle, turmeric, fish oil and zinc. Metagenics also have a really effective phase two detoxifying product that your naturopath or doctor will be able to tell you more about.
By decreasing your stress levels (meditation is great for this) and ensuring that you get enough quality sleep each night you can support your body in healing naturally and quickly.
Last but not least, move your body regularly, at least three times a week, to help support balanced hormone regulation.
Note: It's always important to consult a medical professional before making significant changes to your health and lifestyle.


text:
2016 Book 35: A CURE FOR MADNESS by Jodi McIsaac
A Cure for Madness by Jodi McIsaac
ISBN: 9781511358965 (audiobook)
ASIN: B013WTKH08 (Kindle edition)
Publisher: Thomas & Mercer
Clare Campbell has worked hard to create distance between herself and her troubled family. But when she receives news of her parents' murder, she's forced to return to the quiet town of Clarkeston, Maine, to arrange their funeral and take legal guardianship of her unpredictable and mentally ill brother, Wes.
While Clare struggles to come to grips with the death of her parents, a terrifying pathogen outbreak overtakes the town. She is all too familiar with the resulting symptoms, which resemble those of her brother's schizophrenia: hallucinations, paranoia, and bizarre, even violent, behavior. Before long, the government steps in—and one agent takes a special interest in Wes. Clare must make a horrifying decision: save her brother or save the world.
Claire Campbell is making a life for herself on the West Coast, as far removed from her family in Maine as possible. She maintains phone contact with her parents and brother, but hardly ever goes back to Maine to visit. Claire's life will never be the same after receiving a phone call telling her that her parents have been murdered and she's now the legal guardian for her older brother in A Cure for Madness by Jodi McIsaac.
Claire left Maine shortly after her graduation from college. The exact reasons for her departure aren't clear, but she's kept herself apart from her family for years, maintaining contact via phone calls only. With the murder of her parents, she has no choice but to return to Maine and straighten out her brother's care, as well as make arrangements for her parent's bodies. All Claire knows about her parents' murder is that the act was committed by a fellow church member before the murderer killed himself. Little does she know, but that one reportedly random act of violence is the beginning of a health care crisis for the town of Clarkeston, Maine. When the CDC, USAMRID, and the National Guard arrive, the town becomes quarantined and it appears that Claire's brother may hold the key to a cure. Claire is forced to choose between her brother's health and welfare and that of her hometown and possibly the society as a whole.
I found A Cure for Madness to be a fast-paced, engaging, and enjoyable read. Ms. McIsaac has crafted a nightmare scenario that sounds slightly absurd but isn't too farfetched to be unbelievable. Added into the mix of a bizarre healthcare crisis, a family with conservative Christian values, mental health issues, public safety versus personal freedoms, government surveillance, man-made diseases, conspiracies, and more. Claire has to deal with the notion that Wes has been in-and-out of mental institutions for most of his adult life, but he is her beloved older brother and his decline began with an incident involving Wes avenging her virtue (I know it sounds old-fashioned, but trust me and read the book to find out more). A Cure for Madness provides a lot of thrills and chills, as well as a touch of romance. I wish I could tell you more about this amazing story, but you'll just have to read it for yourself. Seriously, you need to add A Cure for Madness to your TBR list and set aside a weekend to read this book. I'm looking forward to reading more from Ms. McIsaac in the future.
Disclaimer: I received a digital copy of this book for review purposes from the publisher via NetGalley. I was not paid, required, or otherwise obligated to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising."
Available from BookDepository | Alibris
Labels: A CURE FOR MADNESS, Book Review, Jodi McIsaac, NetGalley, Review Copy, Thomas & Mercer, thriller
2016 Book #63: TRY NOT TO BREATHE by Holly Seddon
2016 Book #64: THE WIDOW by Fiona Barton
Book Showcase and Giveaway: WHISKEY TANGO FOXTROT ...
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2016 Book 57: GIRL IN THE DARK by Marion Pauw
Book Showcase and Giveaway: THE WIDOW by Fiona Bar...
Book Blitz: NO REASON FOR INSANITY by Kevin E. Hat...
2016 Book 46: THE QUALITY OF SILENCE by Rosamund L...
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Guest Post: IN THE DARK by Chris Patchell
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2016 Book 42: NO ORDINARY LIFE by Suzanne Redfearn...
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2016 Book 40: THE OPPOSITE OF EVERYONE by Joshilyn...


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I'm Kira and I'm a family photographer. I love beautiful light, candid moments and creative perspectives. But most importantly I want to capture authentic connections, not just perfect smiles. I know how fleeting moments are with your little ones and photography is one of the best ways to freeze that moment in time.
When I'm not taking pictures, you can find me chasing after my two rambunctious (but cute) kids, exploring my neighbourhood of Leslieville in Toronto, listening to CBC radio, thinking about sleep (I'm not a morning or a night person!) or dreaming about a lazy summer afternoon at the family cottage.


text:
HomeBlogESR BlogLet's ReThink our attitude!
Let's ReThink our attitude!
4th October 2019 1153 8
Text by Felipe Alexandre de Lima & Jayani Ishara Sudusinghe
Aquarelle by Felipe Alexandre de Lima
It's worldwide recognized that the current "take-make-dispose" model of production and consumption is unsustainable to the detriment of ecosystems and present and future generations [1].
In the face of this challenge, one may evoke political, scientific, or practical solutions. Policies have been established, scholarly work has been carried out, and new business models have been implemented so far. For instance, the Circular Economy ideal has been proposed and conceived of as an alternative approach to combat environmental issues and to develop a carbon-neutral, resource-efficient, and competitive economy [2].
Apart from these contributions, we advocate an attitude of caring (care, felt in all senses of the word). To do so, the book "Essential Care: An Ethics of Human Nature" by Leonardo Boff was essential to provoke critical reflections in this sense [3].
Whether the present is marked by accelerated onslaughts on nature, leading to the degradation of the Earth's biodiversity, for example, Boff already claimed that there are chances of salvation. However, a long path must be followed, a path where one needs to change daily and political habits, private and public lives, cultural and spiritual practices. In Boff's words:
"We are in need of a new paradigm for living together. Such a new paradigm will be based on better relations with the Earth, which will inaugurate a new social pact between peoples, a social pact forged in respect and for the preservation of all that exists and is alive." (pp. 1-2).
For realizing this new paradigm, one element is paramount: "to care". According to Boff, "caring is the opposite of neglect and carelessness. To care is more than a mere act; it is rather an attitude. Therefore, it encompasses more than a moment of awareness, of zeal and of devotion. It represents an attitude of activity, of concern, of responsibility and of an affective involvement with the other." (p. 14).
As an illustration, it's noteworthy showing La Orquestra de Reciclados de Cateura (here, translated into English as The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura). Despite the challenges young teenagers have faced as dwellers of a poor neighborhood located around the Cateura landfill (Asunción, Paraguay), they have interpreted classical musical works with recycled instruments made from garbage locally collected [4].
To care, in this example, refers to Fabio Chavéz's attitude as the initiator of the Orchestra: he has not only supported the young people living in precarious conditions and in a state of vulnerability, through music, but also contributed to promoting awareness concerning the ecological aspect, transforming used materials into violins, violas, cellos, guitars, flutes, saxophones, trumpets, and percussion instruments. In the relations among Fabio Chavéz, the young teenagers, and the Cateura community, caring transcends the notion of "providing support" meanwhile expressing a new experience of Being!
Add to this observation Boff's words: "The other way of being-in-the-world is realized through care. Care is not in opposition to work; rather it gives work a different shade. Through care we do not see nature and everything that exists in nature as objects. Through care the relation is not subject–object, but subject–subject. We experience entities as subjects, as values, as symbols that bear a connection to a foundational Reality. Nature is not mute. It speaks and evokes. It emits messages of grandeur, beauty, complexity and power. The human being can listen and interpret these signals. The human being can put itself close to things, together with things, and feel united to them. The human being does not just exist; it co-exists with everything else. The relationship is not one of establishing domination over; it is rather a relationship of living together. It is not sheer intervention; it is rather interaction and communion." (pp. 63).
Simply put, caring goes beyond any "act of kindness". To be sure, otherness, respect, and reciprocity are examples of values that are manifested in The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura.
As the title of this text suggests, it's time to adopt an ethos that values the planet Earth and all its inhabitants (animals, plants, natural landscapes, and so on). Following Boff's work, we encourage an attitude based on the ethics of care. This process must encompass a reflexive change in our way of living…
Whether such a transformation doesn't occur, we'll repeat the same mistakes from the past. Similar to what Brazilian Paulinho Moska sang, we're going to throw ourselves where we've fallen… all new again! [5]
[1] Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF). (2013). Towards the circular economy: Economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. London, the UK: Author.
[2] European Commission. (2019). Report from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions on the implementation of the circular economy action plan. Brussels: Author. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1551871195772&uri=CELEX:52019DC0190 (last accessed August 26, 2019).
[3] Boff, L. (2008). Essential Care: An Ethics of Human Nature (1st ed., A. Guilherme, Trans.). Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.
[4] Orquestra de Reciclados de Cateura. (2014). Historial del proyecto. Retrieved from https://www.recycledorchestracateura.com/historial (last accessed September 24, 2019).
[5] Translated excerpt of Paulinho Moska's Tudo Novo de Novo song.
Jayani and Felipe are ESR fellows and PhD candidates at the University of Kassel.
Jayani holds a Master's Degree in Supply Chain Management from University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. She also worked as an Instructor and a visiting lecturer in the Department of Transport and Logistics, University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka, teaching Sustainable Supply Chain Management.
Felipe holds a Master's Degree in Business Administration from the University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Brazil, with a focus on the dynamics of food production, marketing, and consumption in Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) located in the Brazilian Semiarid region.
Tags: care, circular economy, ethics, reflection, rethink


A layered interior design strategy with highlights including brown leather, stained oak, antique mirrors, and ornate screens engulf a main dance area and a balcony above. The immersive environment of the main club is wrapped in intricate beauty and decorative finishes. A colossal lighting system cascades throughout the entire club's main room that bring the layers of architectural wonder to beating life. The focal point of the Main Club is the grandiose kinetic chandelier weighing 22,000 pounds and comprised of eight concentric circles, all of which feature different entertainment mediums. The production elements of the immense apparatus include lighting effects, video projections and LED strips. Movement of the chandelier is controlled by motion tracking where each of the independent rings can be manipulated to create an ever-changing display. On either end of the room you will find the main club's Velvet Bar and Opal Bars.
Heart of OMNIA is a dark, plush and intimate space highlighting a rich and sultry material palette. The space plays on both masculine and feminine design elements with sleek wooden paneling, bronze crocodile-embossed leather banquettes along with other subtle, yet highly-textured details. Framed and mounted LED screens enable the room aesthetic to be manipulated throughout the night through advanced, visually mapped content. Together, the space creates a feeling of pure indulgence and opulence, ideal for guests looking for a more secluded location apart from that of the Main Club; a destination all its own within OMNIA.


Is there an easy way to find out if a field is updated via workflows?
I'm trying to debug why a field is possibly being set incorrectly. I can put the field in audit but I'm trying to see if there is a way to locate a field by the workflow that's updating it? I cant make the change to audit the field during the day so will need to do it after hours as this kicks out user I think.


text:
All County, All the Time Since 2010 MAKE THIS YOUR PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY HOME...PAGE! Saturday, January 16th, 2021
Quinte Health Care welcomes new President/CEO
Administrator | Jan 04, 2021 | Comments 0
Stacey Daub on Jan. 4, 2021 in her office at QHC Belleville General Hospital.
Quinte Health Care's new President and Chief Executive Officer Stacey Daub, and her family, are relocating from Toronto to their new home in Prince Edward County. She took over the position Jan. 4, from Mary Clare Egberts who has retired.
"Ms. Daub brings a wealth of health care leadership experience and expertise," said David MacKinnon, Chair, QHC Board of Directors. "Her style is one of grace and humility. I am confident that her understated capacity for great leadership will serve us well as we traverse the current COVID-19 landscape toward a post-pandemic environment marked by collaboration and innovation."
In the coming months, Daub plans to spend a substantial amount of time listening and learning from the team of staff and physicians at QHC's four hospitals, as well as from community partners and local leaders.
Daub is also interested in hearing from the citizens and communities served by the hospitals.
"In my opinion, the best way to get to know the organization and the community is to connect with the people to really listen to understand the unique needs, perspectives and experiences of the people who work and are served by the hospital," she said. "I plan to focus on building relationships, looking for opportunities to collaborate and to learn as much as possible about the organization and its place within the communities served by QHC hospitals."
Daub's extensive background includes health care leadership roles in both the hospital system, and within community-based health care organizations.
"During the course of my career, I have sought roles where I think I can make a personal difference, whether it's drawing on my strong management skills or my leadership skills and abilities. I think QHC is uniquely positioned to lead as a small and medium sized health care system as we look for opportunities to improve the delivery of health care in Ontario."
Daub says she is excited to have the privilege of joining the QHC team and the community.
"My family has spent a great deal of time exploring the area, and we are looking forward to being a part of, and contributing to the community."
MacKinnon described the COVID epidemic and a CEO transition as, "a very challenging combination for hospital management and staff". He expressed, on behalf of the board, his appreciation for continued focus on the welfare of patients and to Carol Smith Romeril for her willingness to serve as Interim CEO after Egbert's retirement.
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Gastone di Foix è un'opera in due atti di Giuseppe Persiani, su libretto di Felice Romani. La prima rappresentazione ebbe luogo al Teatro La Fenice di Venezia nel carnevale del 1828.

Trama
La scena è in Brescia e nella cittadella, l'azione è nel 1589 circa

La trama narra di Gastone di Foix, che, occupante di Brescia per il re di Francia, trasse prigioniero il conte Avogaro, nobile locale che a lui si opponeva, sua figlia Irene e Altamoro, un congiunto del conte e promesso sposo della ragazza. Avogaro riesce a fuggire, lasciando gli altri due prigionieri in mano al conte; tuttavia, ambo costoro rimangono stupefatti dalle nobili virtù di Gastone, tanto che lui ed Altamoro divengono amici; tuttavia, questa amicizia si spezza quando Gastone decide di fare di Irene la sua sposa. A ciò si aggiungono anche le trame di Avogaro contro Gastone. Il tutto si concluderà tuttavia nella clemenza generale dell'occupante, commosso e colpito dalla resistenza del popolo locale.

Struttura musicale
Sinfonia

Atto I
N. 1 - Introduzione Delle trombe all'invito volate (Coro)
N. 2 - Terzetto fra Gastone, Altamoro e Bajardo Sì, la vegga il padre altero (Gastone, Altamoro, Bajardo, Coro)
N. 3 - Cavatina di Avogaro Al tuo seno un dio mi guida (Avogaro, Altamoro, Coro)
N. 4 - Coro e Cavatina di Irene Tra i forti d'Italia - Questa che a me d'intorno (Irene, Coro)
N. 5 - Duetto fra Gastone ed Irene Non puoi? comprendo o perfida
N. 6 - Coro Ebben? del gran segreto
N. 7 - Finale I Ah! snuda il ferro, e svenami (Irene, Avogaro, Gastone, Bajardo, Coro, Attilia, Altamoro, Attilia)

Atto II
N. 8 - Introduzione seconda Ondeggiar la patria insegna (Coro)
N. 9 - Duetto fra Gastone ed Avogaro Amor giurommi Irene
N. 10 - Aria di Irene Cielo! per chi pregar... (Irene, Gastone, Bajardo, Attilia, Coro)
N. 11 - Coro Vinti noi siamo: infida
N. 12 - Coro Ciel se d'un core oppresso (Avogaro, Altamoro, Irene, Coro, Bajardo)
N. 13 - Aria di Avogaro Non piangete; e all'ore estreme (Avogaro, Altamoro, Irene, Coro)
N. 14 - Coro, Aria di Gastone e Finale II Vita da te ricevere - Il vostro ardir magnanimo - Dunque la barbara (Coro, Gastone, Irene, Altamoro, Ranieri, Bajardo)

Opere teatrali in italiano
Libretti di Felice Romani
Opere liriche di Giuseppe Persiani
Opere liriche in lingua italiana


As you may be aware, there has been increased focus in the media recently on employment status.
This follows concerns that have been raised with the employment status of the delivery company Hermes' drivers and other operators in the so-called 'gig economy', including Uber, who have been the subject of a recent tribunal ruling that stated that their self-employed drivers should be classified as workers. The 'gig economy' is characterised by short-term temporary contracts with workers who are classed as self-employed and have none of the rights and protections of employment, such as minimum/living wage, sick pay, holidays and pensions.
The ruling came as HM Revenue & Customs ("HMRC") announced the launch of a specialist unit to investigate companies who opt out of giving workers employment protection by using agency workers or classing them as self-employed.
In addition, the government commissioned an independent review of working practices, the Taylor Review, which was published recently. The Taylor Review proposed some significant changes to the way in which an individual's employment status is determined. The proposals may not necessarily be enacted, however, the current political and economic environment suggests that significant change is highly likely and this is something that organisations should be considering now.
Taylor's proposals follow an earlier report in 2015 by the Office of Tax Simplification ("OTS") on employment status. The OTS's report clearly highlighted the central issue: "…the tax system is still in many ways stuck in an out-of-date mind-set: of categorising workers as either employees, firmly on the payroll, or self-employed. This made sense in the 1950s and 1960s but the huge growth in freelancing doesn't fit readily into this traditional model". Taylor echoes this sentiment and also cites other reasons for change such as the perception that the tax system acts as an incentive for practices such as bogus claiming of self-employment.
So change is inevitable and it would be wise for organisations to think about the potential impact of any changes to their own workforce and business model. There is also likely to be a cost impact for many organisations (i.e. employment is normally more costly than self-employment), as well as the challenge of dealing with a new compliance regime for PAYE and National Insurance.
HMRC are expected to launch a consultation on the Taylor report later in 2017. We welcome change in this area as it is clear that the employment status rules and regulatory framework requires an update and more clarity. However, any future measures should not impede the flexibility of the labour market or stifle employment creation.
There are many factors involved in deciding whether a worker is employed or self-employed. No precise definition of self-employment exists for either tax or National Insurance Contributions ("NIC") purposes. In many cases, deciding the correct relationship between the parties is straightforward but in some cases it is a complex and difficult decision.
To confuse matters even more, the rules for NIC specify the opposite treatment to the tax position for certain categories of worker. Examples include examiners, office cleaners and actors.
Incorrect classification can result in the employer or contractor being held accountable for any tax and/or NIC not deducted. This could include interest and penalties of up to 100% of the outstanding liabilities.
Whilst there are similarities, the tests for employment law (primarily determining workers' rights and employers' legal obligations) are different to the tests for employment status for tax purposes (primarily determining whether an employer is required to operate PAYE and NICs on a worker's remuneration). This can lead to confusion and the perverse result that someone may be treated as employed under the law but treated as self-employed for tax purposes, or vice versa.
Currently, employment status for tax purposes (i.e. whether someone is employed or self-employed) is determined mostly by case law and associated HMRC guidance, including an employment status indicator.
Individuals cannot choose whether they are to be classed as self-employed or as an employee. The circumstances of their engagement will determine the status and unfortunately the burden of this decision initially lies with the employer or the contractor, and then for them to make the necessary tax deductions and/or NICs, as appropriate.
is it a contract of or for services?
None of the above criteria listed can, in isolation, be taken as determining employment status. It is the overall picture, after taking all of them into consideration, which will determine whether a worker is employed or self-employed.
Whilst their guidance on status should in theory produce a certain outcome (i.e. an individual is self-employed or employed), the reality is not that clear-cut. Part of the reason for this is that the tests themselves are subjective and different tests carry different weight depending on the circumstances.
In addition, the tests often do not reflect the reality of workers who may undertake brief stints of work for multiple companies, who operate in the 'gig economy' and are paid on a case-by-case basis or workers who receive their work via online platforms.
The current position can lead to an array of issues, including uncertainty, the risk of non-compliance for employers and those they engage to work for them, unexpected tax bills and time-consuming disputes.
As a result, HMRC will now routinely challenge the status of any workers classified as self-employed during the course of a compliance inspection.
There should be greater alignment between the employment law and tax definitions of status; providing greater clarity and consistency to both employers and workers.
New legislation should be introduced to determine an individual's status (i.e. rather than a heavy reliance on case law). There should also be greater clarity; perhaps with the introduction of an online tool and more definitive tests than exist currently.
A new category of 'dependent contractor' should be introduced for tax purposes (mirroring the proposals for employment law) whereby the degree of control exercised by the engager will have more importance in determining status. This new status for tax purpose is partly to reflect the array of new working arrangements (i.e. such as Uber drivers) where individuals are not clearly either employed or self-employed.
NICs for the self-employed should be aligned with those of the employed, reducing the incentive for individuals to contrive bogus self-employment arrangements.
assess the potential cost and business risk associated with any future changes (i.e. in a worst-case scenario if all individuals who are currently self-employed were deemed to be employed, what would the additional cost be?).
mirror an HMRC status inspection which will put you in a position to understand any strengths and weaknesses within the relationship. It can be also be used to defend a challenge by HMRC or, where appropriate, to obtain a ruling.


Sunnyvale, Calif. and Phoenix, Ariz. - November 18, 2003 - PathScale, Inc., developer of innovative software and hardware solutions to accelerate the performance and efficiency of Linux clusters, has unveiled a suite of high-performance compilers for the AMD Opteron™ processor. PathScale compilers leverage the AMD Opteron processor's high-performance 64-bit functionality and remarkable industry-leading price/performance benefits, including 32-bit capability. Initial benchmarks on real application code and initial SPEC results show that the PathScale Compiler Suite is the highest performance 64-bit compiler for AMD Opteron-based Linux servers by a margin of up to 40 percent. The announcement was made today at the SC2003 Super Computing Conference in Phoenix.
"Based on more than 60 interviews with users of high-performance computing systems within large organizations, there is a clear market need for a balanced, 64-bit, fully-supported compiler for the AMD Opteron processor," said Len Rosenthal, VP of marketing at PathScale. "We have witnessed very strong HPC end-user interest in Opteron processor-based servers. The added performance of the PathScale Compiler Suite is expected to increase this interest and make the AMD Opteron the preferred processor choice for Linux clusters, altering the balance of power in the competition between AMD and Intel in the high-performance 64-bit market."
In both floating point and integer-intensive performance benchmarks, PathScale compilers substantially out-performed competitive compiler offerings. Unlike other compilers that provide optimization for either floating point or integer (but not both), PathScale compilers deliver balanced performance results for floating point and integer computations as measured by the SPEC benchmarks and real applications codes.
"PathScale's technology sits at the conjunction of three major drivers for the HPC market: the growth of cluster computing, the entry of standard processors such as AMD's Opteron, and ongoing requirements to solve ever more complex and demanding scientific and engineering problems," said Christopher Willard, Research Vice President for the Workstations and High-Performance Systems Group at IDC Research. "Compiler technology directly effects how quickly and easily applications can be developed, extended and ported to take advantage of new architectural strategies and component technologies."
"The general availability of PathScale compilers in the first quarter of 2004 will help accelerate the adoption of Linux clusters for high-performance computing," said Scott Metcalf, president and CEO of PathScale. "The PathScale Compiler Suite is ideal for HPC users who care about 64-bit application throughput and price/performance. Our goal is to make it easier for users to develop and deploy clustered Linux servers."


Printable Background Check printable background check background check authorization form 10 download free documents in printable. printable background check background check authorization form 5 printable samples download. printable background check background check authorization form 5 printable samples free. printable background check background check consent form template background check download. printable background check credit check authorization form template background check printable.


Do you need to have a resume?
There were always a 3 months probationary period before getting hired on to a company. However, if the employer likes your work, they can hire you on earlier than 3 months.
If failed a test some months back can I apply again ?


Rainbow Trout is a member of the Salmon family. Rainbow Trout are easily distinguished by their rainbow-like colors on their sides. All Rainbow Trout sold domestically is farmed. It is the oldest aquaculture industry in North America dating back to the 1880's. Rushing Waters Fisheries, Wisconsin's largest Rainbow Trout farm, lies nestled on 80 acres of pristine forest and valleys at the edge of the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest in Palmyra, Wisconsin. The Trout are harvested to order and cut on-site according to strict FDA guidelines. The flesh of the Rainbow Trout is white, pink or orange in the raw state and when cooked the color lightens. Rainbow Trout are delicate, with a delicious and mild nutty flavor. The flesh cooks up flaky and tender. Fish begin life on the farm as fertilized eggs. The eggs are tended to in a hatchery at Rushing Waters for two weeks before the hatching takes place. Trout at Rushing Waters will reach market size (1 pound) in eighteen months. During their life, the fish are sorted and graded according to size. Harvesting the fish by hand year-round ensures a consistent high-quality fish that has the desired flavor and texture. The Trout are fed a premium custom diet rich in natural proteins without using any animal byproducts, and the fish have access to wild food they find in the water. Rushing Waters Trout are all-natural, chemical-free and antibiotic-free.


text:
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text:
James Jones - ARIZONA INMATE - Original 9X12 Artwork
[1]23>… 44View All Sort by -- Please Select --Name (Z-A)Name (A-Z)Date Added (Newest First)Date Added (Oldest First)Price (High-Low)Price (Low-High)Stock (High-Low)Stock (Low-High)
Richard Ramirez - THE NIGHT STALKER - 8X11 Art Print Reproduction - Butcher Knife
Ricardo Muñoz Ramírez known as Richard Ramirez was an American serial killer, rapist, and burglar. His highly publicized home invasion crime spree terrorized the residents of the greater Los Angeles area, and later the residents of the San Francisc…
Dana Gray - Handmade Christmas Card
Dana Sue Gray is an American serial killer who murdered three elderly women in 1994. She was caught after a fourth intended victim survived and identified her. Gray says she committed the murders to support her spending habits. She is now imprisoned …
Bernard Giles - Handwritten Letter and Envelope + 2013 French Television Interview Master DVD
Giles confessed to the 1973 murders of five Titusville, Florida area women, whose partly clad and decomposed bodies were found over a two-month period in orange groves. His victims were all hitchhikers whom he picked up and drove at gunpoint to remot…
Gregory Graf was found guilty of first degree murder in the 2014 murder of his stepdaughter. Graf shot Jessica Padgett in the back of the head without warning and afterwards recorded video of himself performing sexual acts on her body and sexually ab…
Phillip Jablonski - Handwritten Letter and Envelope
Phillip Carl Jablonski was convicted of killing five women in California and Utah between 1978 and 1991. One which was a pen pal during his prior incarceration for murder. Jablonski is currently residing on death row at San Quentin. Four page (a…
Timothy Hoffner - Buried Alive - Prison Crafted Pillowcase
Timothy Hoffner and his accomplice, Archie Dixon, murdered their roommate, 22-year-old Christopher Hammer in a park in Toledo. Hoffner and Dixon planned to kill Mr. Hammer to assume his identity and collect the anticipated insurance proceeds that Mr.…
Timothy Hoffner and his accomplice, Archie Dixon, murdered their roommate, 22-year-old Christopher Hammer in a park in Toledo. Hoffner and Dixon planned to kill Mr. Hammer to assume his identity and collect the anticipated insurance proceeds that Mr…
Edmund Emil Kemper III - Unreleased 4X6 1995 Mugshot Print
Edmund Emil Kemper III (born December 18, 1948) is an American serial killer. He committed the murder of ten people, including his paternal grandparents and mother. He regularly engaged in necrophilia and claimed to have consumed the flesh of at leas…


B' e fiosagaiche à Sasainn a bha anns an Ridire Joseph John Thomson.
Rugadh e ann am Manchester ann an 1856 agus bha e na oileanach aig Owens College, a chaidh na Oilthigh Mhanchester, agus Oilthigh Chambridge far an do chaidh e na òraidiche ann an 1883 agus na Ollamh Cavendish eadar 1884 agus 1918. Tha e ainmeil airson an Duais Nobel aige airson na h-obrach aige air sgaoileadh dealain ann an gasan. Dhearbhaich e gun robh dealan ga ghiùlan le mìrean meanbha, eileagtronan.
Bha a mhac, George Paget Thomson, cuideachd na eòlaiche-fiosaig agus bhuannaich e cuideachd an Duais Nobel ann am Fiosaigs ann an 1937.
↑ (1967): "J.J. Thomson - Biographical Information", Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921. Elsevier. Air a thogail 14mh dhen Dùbhlachd 2016.
↑ "J.J. Thomson - Facts". Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 14mh dhen Dùbhlachd 2016.
Air a tharraing à "https://gd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._J._Thomson&oldid=539316"
Chaidh an duilleag seo a dheasachadh 20 dhen t-Sultain 2017 aig 06:59 turas mu dheireadh.