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29 April 2019 / book review
I'm interviewing Rob Reich on my podcast soon. As preparation for that interview, I wanted to review his most recent book, Just Giving, which I loved (I highlighted 15% of the book, compared to my average of 5 percent!). Just Giving is an analysis of philanthropy through a "political theory" lens. It looks at how philanthropy (as an institution) co-evolves with democratic nation-states (as institutions). It's a less-story-driven, more academic version of Anand Giridharadas' Winners Take All. Or, alternatively, it's the institutional version of Effective Altruism. In this review we'll look at:
What is a political theory of philanthropy?
Two historical examples of how philanthropy co-evolved with the state: in ~4th century Athens and in ~16th century Islamic states
The history of philanthropic foundations in the U.S.
How foundations help/hinder the goals of the state, and how they can be used to combat "presentism" for intergenerational justice.
First, Reich contrasts his political perspective on philanthropy against the usual philosophical, moral, individual perspective:
Taking this [philosophical] approach is to ask questions about private, individual morality. It is to ask about how you or I should practice philanthropy. This book takes a different approach. I make questions about philanthropy a compelling topic of inquiry for public morality, or for political in addition to moral philosophy.
Reich restates this same idea in a couple of different ways, each of which is differently (deliciously) textured:
One might say that I aim to examine the norms, drawn from the independent standing of liberal democratic justice, that ought to inform the institutional setting in which philanthropy takes place.
A political theory of philanthropy views philanthropic activity as sitting in a variety of relationships to the state.
A political theory of philanthropy will focus our attention not on individual philanthropic activity and its political dimensions but on the institutional arrangements or regulatory structure of philanthropy, such as legal rules.
Effective altruists have a powerful private morality for informing giving—fund proven and highly effective charitable organizations that maximize human or animal welfare—but they have ignored the implications for public morality.
A History of Philanthropic Institutions w.r.t. The State
First, Reich gives a historical perspective of how philanthropy has co-evolved with the state:
Philanthropy may be a universal and time-immemorial activity, but because its practice is embedded within different social norms and structured by different institutional arrangements, it takes on different forms in different places at different times.
More specifically, Reich examines:
The liturgical system and antidosis procedure in classical democratic Athens
The creation in Islamic societies of the waqf, a precursor to the modern foundation
1. The liturgical system and antidosis procedure in 4th-century Athens
The state of Athens developed a system "in which private donations for the production of public benefits were routine" (called a "liturgical system"). This system was crucial for state revenue:
According to some estimates, the sum total of liturgies accounted for more than half of all state revenue in fourth-century Athens.
Reich highlights how this liturgical system was strongly based on Grecian norms:
The liturgical system in Athens cannot be understood apart from deeply seated social norms in ancient Greece that prized competition, honor, and virtue. Wealthy citizens sometimes competed for the privilege of liturgical service, expecting in return for their donations both honor and gratitude for their status as a civic benefactor.
Though these norms eventually became embedded in law:
During this period, what was once the voluntary prerogative of the wealthy under oligarchy to undertake liturgies became regulated by law.
Here is how the system worked:
The state "calls on" a rich person to give:
The Athenian state kept registers of wealthy people, and if one had not performed a liturgy recently, which typically qualified a person for temporary exemption, the state could select that person to donate for the provision of a warship and perform the needed service.
2. The wealthy person could "counter" by invoking "antidosis", an equalizing process to get other wealthy folks involved:
Instead of accepting the appointment, one option was the antidosis, in which the appointed person could attempt to resist liturgical service by pointing out the fact that other citizens with even greater resources were not volunteering and had not performed any significant liturgy recently.
And here is where things become especially interesting. If the challenger refused, the initially appointed person could offer to exchange estates with the wealthier person and, with that person's estate now in his possession, carry out the liturgy.
The appointed person, who was likely to have better knowledge than public officials of a neighbor's true wealth, could exchange estates with the neighbor and then perform the liturgy. The system gave officials visibility into the comparative wealth of the Athenian elite.
Fascinating system, right? One where the state calls on a wealthy person to give, but that wealthy person can "deflect" that giving to a wealthier person (who was incentivized to do it, or else they'd have their assets swapped with the poorer person). Here are my takeaways:
Norms eventually get legibilized and embedded in the state as laws. I might call this process (of norms --> laws) "institutionalization". A similar process exists across generations for [norms parent] --> [norms child]. I might call this "socialization". This can happen across any of the 4 parts of Lessig's dot. DMCA is an example of laws --> code.
In Athens, the wealthy "competed" on status, just like we do today. Back then the axes of status were things like "competition, honor, and virtue". The liturgical process can be understood as a state-sponsored Status-as-a-Service.
The antidosis process reminds me of other public good mechanisms that find an equilibrium (Quadratic Funding, Vickrey auctions, etc.). It is especially similar to Harbenger taxes, because there is an "organic swapping" mechanism to find the maximum. (In antidosis, the wealthy "swap" until they find the richest person. In Harbenger, the bidders increase the price until they find the highest bidder.)
2. The creation in Islamic societies of the waqf, a precursor to the modern foundation
The waqf is a form of charitable endowment, when one donates "a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets." Similar to the liturgical system above, lots of money flowed through the waqf system:
By the 1800s, records document the existence of twenty thousand waqfs in the Ottoman Empire generating annual revenue equivalent to one-third of annual state revenue. [When the] Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, upward of 75 percent of all arable land had been set aside in waqfs. Smaller but nevertheless still significant percentages — on the order of one-third of all land — could be found in nineteenth-century Tunisia, Algeria, and Egypt.
Waqf's are similar to modern foundations in a variety of ways:
Like a waqf, the private foundation consists in the legally sanctioned establishment of an endowment whose assets and income-generating revenues are directed to fund a wide variety of public benefits. Like a waqf, the assets of a private foundation are generally exempt from taxation, and therefore the decision to establish a foundation can be understood as a mechanism for sheltering wealth from taxation. Like a waqf, the private foundation enshrines fidelity to donor intent and does so beyond the death of the donor.
These waqfs may explain why democracy came later to Islam:
There is significant scholarly controversy about whether the widespread creation of waqfs, the considerable amount of untaxed land that accumulated in waqfs over time, and their institutional features that inscribed donor intent and perpetual existence help to explain why democracy did not take root earlier in Islam.
And, like the antidosis procedure, these waqfs were eventually legibilized and institutionalized by the state:
In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire centralized the administration of waqf assets, and in the twentieth century, the modern waqf emerged via legal reforms in Turkey, Egypt, and other predominantly Muslim states, which permit a waqf to be founded by a group, to undertake fund-raising, and to invest assets in the commercial marketplace. In this form, the waqf is a more conventional NGO.
My main takeaway for the waqfs is this: That, in addition to legibilizing and institutionalizing existing forms of public good production, the state also competes with these institutions for public good production (i.e. the state "competing" with waqfs for taxable land).
A History of Philanthropic Institutions in the U.S.
Moving away from a global historical perspective, Reich then highlights the rise of philanthropic foundations in the U.S. He criticizes them thusly:
The modern philanthropic foundation is perhaps the most unaccountable, nontransparent, peculiar institutional form we have in a democratic society.
Although foundations only account for 15% of charitable donations, we've seen the number of foundations rise dramatically in recent years:
In 1930, 200 foundations held $1B in assets. Today, 100k foundations hold nearly $800B. In rough "order of magnitude" terms, I think of this as a 1000x increase over the last 100 years:
1930, 100 foundations, $1B in assets
2030, 100k foundations, $1T in assets
But, like many things that seem static today, this was not always the case. In fact, the 1st philanthropic foundation (The Rockefeller Foundation) was founded in 1913. The norms/laws we have calcified today are the result of its idiosyncratic founding. Initially, Rockefeller had a difficult time pushing his foundation through the Federal Government, so he made a variety of concessions to get it passed:
Rockefeller proposed to cap the size of the foundation at $100 million, to require that all investment returns on the initial principal be spent annually, and that the foundation spend out its endowment entirely within fifty years. Most significant of all, Rockefeller proposed that the governance of the foundation be partially public, making the work of the foundation formally accountable to the broader community. This would be accomplished by making members of the board of trustees subject to a veto by a majority of a congressionally appointed board consisting of various political leaders (the president of the United States, the president of the Senate, the Speaker of the House, and the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) and educational leaders (the presidents of Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, and the University of Chicago).
To us in 2019, it feels quite strange to have a private foundation that is transparent, accountable, and (more) democratically governed. Unfortunately, Congress didn't allow his foundation and so Rockefeller went through New York State instead, removing all of his concessions in the process. Womp womp. My biggest takeaway is this: there is a foundational moment where laws regulate new things, but after that those laws calcify the status quo for many years.
How Does Philanthropy Help or Hinder the Goals of the State?
After looking at this historical account, Reich examines how philanthropy (and philanthropic foundations) co-evolve with the state. i.e. How do they help/hinder the goals of a liberal democracy? Reich calls this a "political theory of philanthropy". At a macro level, Reich looks at how philanthropy helps/hinders two specific value liberty and equality. His macro conclusion is that the liberty of philanthropic giving often diminishes equality.
In some sense, I hope to make a familiar point about liberty and equality and apply it to philanthropy. The familiar understanding about liberty and equality sets these two ideals in tension with one another.
"Total liberty for the wolves is death to the lambs." - Isaiah Berlin
More specifically, Reich looks at justifications for the tax deduction/subsidy (which in the U.S. was worth $50B, or 1% of all federal revenue). He outlines three traditional arguments for the subsidy: a tax base rationale, an efficiency rationale, and a pluralism rationale. In more detail:
The first justification is that the deduction is necessary in order to account for the proper base of taxable income; the deduction, in other words, is no subsidy at all. The second justification is that the deduction efficiently stimulates the production of public goods and services that would otherwise be undersupplied by the state. The third justification links the incentive to the desirable effort to decentralize authority in the production of public benefits and, in the process, to support a pluralistic civil society that is itself an important component of a flourishing democracy.
At a high level, Reich's conclusion is this:
While I find nothing to recommend the tax base rationale, the efficiency and pluralism rationales do offer potentially good reasons to support subsidies for philanthropy.
1. Tax Base Rationale
First, note that, "unlike subsidy justifications, the tax base justification focuses on the fair treatment of the donor." Reich criticizes this argument for three reasons:
First, and commonsensically, a person...can rightfully decide how to dispose of those resources, then whatever a person decides to do with those resources—spend it on luxury goods or give it to charity—is by definition, tautologically, a kind of consumption.
i.e. Whatever you do with your post-tax money is up to you.
Second, there are obvious benefits that some, perhaps many or even all, donors receive in making a philanthropic contribution.
i.e. Giving benefits the donor (it isn't purely selfish).
Finally...donors quite frequently purchase with their charitable dollars rival and excludable material or intangible goods for which they are among the primary consumers. Contributions to one's religious congregation are an obvious example; churches provide something more like club goods than public goods. Or to put it differently, they are more like mutual benefit rather than public benefit organizations.
i.e. Charitable donations usually fund club goods, not public goods (and taxes are supposed to fund public goods).
For these reasons, Reich mostly rejects the tax base rationale.
2. The Efficiency Rationale
The efficiency rationale (that the deduction efficiently stimulates public good production that is undersupplied by the state) is much more utilitarian:
What's obvious about the efficiency rationale is that it shifts attention from the fair treatment of the donor to the recipient of the donation and the good that is done with the gift. ...Thus the success of the efficiency rationale depends on whether the benefits brought about by the subsidy exceed the costs of the lost tax revenue.
Reich boils it down to this question:
The relevant question is not merely, "Is philanthropy redistributive?" but rather, "Do philanthropic dollars flow more sharply downward than government spending does?"
Reich's key pushback on the efficiency rationale takes two forms:
First, there is inequality on the "supply" side of philanthropy (the givers). The U.S. tax system has higher tax rates for higher incomes. So the richer you are, the higher your deduction. Reich calls this the "'upside-down effect'—the deduction functions as an increasingly greater subsidy with every higher step in the income tax bracket." Or, stated as a statistic:
Those making $200,000 and above received 70 percent of all deductions for charitable contributions; those making $60,000 and above claim more than 98 percent of all such deductions.
Second, there is inequality on the "demand" side of philanthropy (the recipients). Empirically, donations can go to any random 501(c)(3) and often go to club goods for the rich (religious organizations, universities, and hospitals) not to public goods for the poor. I like Reich's analysis of this from a Pareto improvement perspective:
Atheists are vicarious donors to churches through the tax subsidy. By contrast, Catholics are vicarious donors to Planned Parenthood and its support for abortion rights. Such examples are easily multiplied. The basic point is that the subsidy cannot be justified as a Pareto improvement, where some benefit and no one is made worse off. At best, the subsidy is a Kaldor-Hicks improvement, where the gains for those who consume the particular social good produced by charity offset the losses to those with no interest in that social good.
In other words, when the government subsidizes Planned Parenthood donations, that is not a Pareto improvement because Catholics aren't too happy. This means it is, at best, a Kaldor-Hicks improvement, which is one where the benefit for one group is greater than the negative for the other group (i.e. it is positive only from a meta-societal utilitarian perspective). Still, a Kaldor-Hicks improvement doesn't necessarily negate the efficiency rationale. You can imagine a world where the deductions were mostly for the poor, and the benefits were mostly for the poor (so rich folks fall on the negative side of the Kaldor-Hicks). But the reverse of this is true! The rich get almost all of the deductions (70% go to those making >$200,000) and most of their donations go to club goods. Womp womp.
3. Pluralism Rationale
The pluralism rationale is more deontological than consequentialist. It claims—let's decentralize the production of public goods, even if it's less efficient! As Reich states:
Note that this is still a subsidy theory, but there is no necessary demand that the subsidy be treasury efficient. Even if there is a net loss to the treasury in the production of the social goods generated by nonprofit organizations—if the state could more efficiently deliver these goods itself—the pluralism rationale holds that the subsidy is nevertheless worthwhile.
Reich's main pushback on this argument both empirical and theoretical. The empirical:
The defender of the pluralism rationale has to answer to a disturbing feature of the historical record about associational life over the last century. It is no exaggeration to say that the rise of nonprofit organizations in the United States and the use of the charitable contributions deduction coincides with the decline of civic engagement and associational life, at least if the Robert Putnam literature is credible.
i.e. Civil society has deteriorated while charity deductions have increased!
Secondly, here's Reich's theoretical pushback:
Providing tax deductions for individuals who make charitable gifts does not honor the pluralism rationale but rather undermines and makes a mockery of it. As described earlier, a tax deduction for charitable contributions, when there is a progressive income tax, establishes a plutocratic element in the public policy.
i.e. Given a progressive income tax, deductions breed plutocracy, not democracy!
As stated above, Reich's conclusion is this:
My takeaways:
Woof, when you really look into a topic, there are a bunch of sub-items to truly determine societal benefits. i.e. I often just say "let's look at how philanthropy co-evolves with the state!" Reich actually dives into the sub-arguments to see whether we should give tax deductions/subsidies.
I'm pretty convinced by his answer—we should not.
I like the framework of the supply/demand side of philanthropy, especially looking at how the demand side generally takes the form of club goods rather than public goods. This framing can be applied to civil society incentives generally. e.g. We might need to create loops where philanthropy benefits the donor (e.g. through club goods or other benefits) in order to incentivize philanthropists to donate to civil society. See this article for other ways the benefits of giving can "loop back" to the donor.
The Role of Foundations in Modern Society: Pluralism and Discovery for Intergenerational Justice
Finally, Reich looks at the role foundations should play in modern society. He primarily sees two roles: pluralism and discovery. Pluralism is similar to the argument above (that civil society should also produce public goods in addition to the state).
Because donor preferences can be idiosyncratic, foundations can deliver idiosyncratic results. Foundations are thus well, if not uniquely, placed to fund public goods that are underproduced, or not produced at all, by the marketplace or the state.
Reich's second role, discovery, is like pluralism across time. It is the idea that philanthropic institutions with long time horizons can explore/solve problems that the government (with a short time horizon) won't solve. Reich uses the idea of "presentism" to convey how governments don't represent the interests of future generations well:
Dennis Thompson casts the issue a bit differently by identifying one of the built-in problems of democratic societies as a structural difficulty in representing the interests of future generations. He calls this the problem of "presentism".
Thompson's preferred solution to combat democracy's presentism is democratic trusteeship, the idea that present generations can represent the interests of future generations by acting to protect the democratic process itself over time.
In the last chapter, Reich more deeply explores how combating presentism is part of intergenerational justice. Although I won't go into his arguments here, Reich contextualizes this within Rawls' theory of justice (it's quite interesting—go read the book!). My takeaways from this section:
Intergenerational justice and presentism are powerful words. I could see them being used alongside words like racism, sexism, etc. i.e. If Social Justice Activists are combating racism and sexism for identity-based justice, Effective Altruists are combating presentism for intergenerational justice. (Or at least that's part of EA's impact-oriented conclusion.) The other things they're combating are speciesism (humans not caring about 70B factory farmed land animals) and localism/nationalism (folks in developed countries not caring about the 750M people in extreme poverty).
I agree that something needs to represent future generations. I'm not sure if it needs to be foundations, or if some other mechanism could work.
Hope you enjoyed this review! I'd love for Effective Altruists (and people in general) to do more analysis on how civil society/philanthropy co-evolves with the state.
Here's a google doc with my full notes and highlights.
People are voting on the future articles I should write. To do so, go here!
Different Types of Community at the MIT Media Lab
I'm part of a "community" working group at the MIT Media Lab. We're trying to re-imagine how academic institutions should interact with "community". However, because "community" can mean any n:n relationship, it
self-tax
Self-Tax Sunday: How a Self-Tax Constraint Breeds Creativity
I have enough money, so I self-tax myself 20% post-tax ($900/month) to give to support civil society. By categorizing this 20% into a special self-tax bucket, this money now has a completely


Howdy there, this post is about Lasko Max Performance 20\ ( High Velocity Floor Fan #5). It is a image/jpeg and the resolution of this image is 1520 x 1520. This attachment's file size is only 462 KB. Wether You ought to save It to Your computer, you should Click here. You might too download more attachments by clicking the following image or read more at this article: High Velocity Floor Fan.
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In conjunction with Philips, the Sakıp Sabancı Museum hosted the Abidin Dino – One World exhibition, which celebrated the work of multi-faceted man of the arts and culture Abidin Dino, who passed away fourteen years ago. Known for the important imprint left by both his drawings and his writings, a wide spectrum of Abidin's work over the eighty years of his life in Turkey and abroad, particularly in France, was presented in this exhibition along with documentation. The exhibition introduced visitors to this valuable and respected artist through hundreds of his collected works, photographs and documents reflecting the varied phases of his life.
Through the educational programs of the exhibition "The World of Abidin Dino", children meet the painter, writer, illustrator and caricaturist Abidin Dino. A maximum of 20 children are accepted to the programs which are prepared for different age groups: 3–6, 7–10 and 11-14.
We are drawing a hand; a speaking, laughing, baffled hand.
Via lines or three dimensional.
Stories and essays from the life lines in our palms.
Brand new works with Dino's patterns.
Flower gardens made from Abidin Dino's flowers.
Big faces from small faces.
Discoveries in the world within ink drops.
Illustrations for tales from around the world.
Brand new games with hopping-bouncing men and beads.


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Red Devils Claim Full-House At Everton
194 Oct 17, 2015 - 06:01 pm
By SL International
Result: Everton 0-3 Manchester United
Venue: Goodison Park
Manchester United were too good for Everton in their 3-0 riot at Goodison Park on Saturday afternoon.
Manchester United were the brighter starters in the game with a vocal crowd backing their Everton outfit, and Wayne Rooney was produced with the game's first opportunity just after the ten-minute mark. A few moments later, it was Ander Herrera who came close as United continued to dominated the opening exchanges.
Morgan Schneiderlin finally rocked up to put a goal to the visitors' dominance in the 21st minute, handing them a 1-0 advantage. A few moments later, it was Ander Herrera who stepped up to grab a fine second goal to extend their lead to 2-0.
The home side then upped the tempo in search of their first of the game, and Ross Barkley almost grabbed a goal on the stroke of half-time but 2-0 is how the teams headed into the break.
Everton had a better start to the second stanza, and Romelu Lukaku came close to grabbing an early goal but the Belgian failed to direct his effort. The hosts were looking quite good in the second half and Lukaku was back to test in the 54th De Gea but the Spaniard was up for the task.
Ten minutes later though, Wayne Rooney grabbed United's third, making it 3-0 to the visitors after 60 minutes of play. It seemed momentum had shifted back in the visitors' favour. The Red Devils continued to push forward as they gained momentum, and Anthony Martial had a superb strike well saved by Tim Howard in the 78th minute.
The intensity of the match started to diminish in the closing exchanges and United held on to the 3-0 lead.
Costa Helps Chelsea Squeeze Past Villa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Are there arbitary large non-trivial powers NOT containing all digits?
Are there arbitary larger numbers of the form $a^b$ with positive integers $a,b>1$ and $a\ne 0\mod 10$ NOT containing all digits ?

Here :
Biggest powers NOT containing all digits.
is either a very similar or the same question, but the question is so old that I decided to restate it.
My current best example :

The number $1955^{39}$ has $129$ digits, but does not contain the digit $1$.

If we assume that the digits are uniformly distributed in $[0,9]$ and considering the growth of the non-trivial powers, can we expect that we have enough chances to get , lets say , a $1000$-digit example ?
In other words, are there enough non-trivial powers with a given decimal-expansion-length, that we can expect that the answer to the question is yes ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I was searching the web because I have a similar problem to you, however, mine is much more severe. I have four violent criminal charges in which one resulted in me being imprisoned. Im not a violent person either, well maybe i was but they were all result of irresponsible drinking and immature adolescent attitude. I have since achieved a psychological degree and unsurprisingly I am finding it extremely difficult to get into mental health. I have no arguements about this because rightly so employers have to be cautious when employing people to work with vulnerable adults. I am currently working at a factory banging wood in a skip part-time, while on the four days off i religiously carry on my reading and improving myself. Hopefully soon i will be doing volunteer work to prove i'm not a dangerous character and i give myself about 6 to 10 years of this before I get that chance. The point I am trying to make is that look at it from their perspective, what you did was so very minor. Nobody is perfect, it is just unfortunate that you got caught doing something wrong that most have done. If I can keep my chin up so can you. Good luck.
Return to CRB Check .


I get a box of produce from Los Poblanos every other week, but one of my friends at work gets one every week. They have been sending bok choy every week, and she is "tired of it," so she brought me some today. I have been making this stir fry recipe with bok choy and really enjoy the combination of flavors.
Combine Hoisen sauce and soy sauce. Mix 2 tablespoons of this mixture into the chicken breast slices. Let sit for 5 minutes.
Heat canola and sesame oils in wok or large skillet over medium high heat. Add chicken and stir fry until just done. Remove from pan.
Add bok choy, carrots, and garlic into pan, stir fry until vegetables are tender crisp.
Return chicken to the pan. Add remaining Hoisen sauce mixture. Continue to cook until everything is heated through.
Remove from heat. Toss in sesame seeds. Add orange slices. Serve over rice.
What do you put in your stir fry?
This entry was posted in Main Dishes and tagged bok choy, carrots, garlic, oranges on May 12, 2011 by Ruth.
I'm not a big egg eater, but over the past couple of years I have learned to enjoy eggs baked with vegetables. Call it frittata, quiche, or egg bake; eggs make a great "blank canvas" for vegetables, spices, and cheese in any number of combinations. I usually serve a salad (often a fruit salad) with the baked eggs.
The basis for this crustless quiche came from Food.com. The day I found this recipe, the only cheese I had in the house was feta. So, I decided to go with some Mediterranean spices and give it a shot.
Coat a 10 inch deep dish pie plate with non stick cooking spray.
Saute onion and chard in olive oil until the stems are soft.
Whisk the eggs, cheese, and milk. Add chard and spices.
Pour into prepared pie dish.
Bake for 35-45 minutes, until golden brown and set.
You don't need a recipe for fruit salad. I just cut up whatever fruit we have in the house. I don't use a dressing, just a cut up fruit. I do like to make sure there is some sort of citrus fruit, to keep the apples from browning.
This entry was posted in Main Dishes, Salads and tagged apples, kiwi, oranges, red onion, Swiss chard on April 23, 2011 by Ruth.


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Indian Navy: Year End Review 2010
by OldSailor on December 29, 2010
Here is the year end review (for the year 2010) of the Indian Navy released by the Ministry of Defence through Press Information Bureau.
Navy Stamps blue Water Presence Across IOR, bolsters Capacity with Indctuion of MIG-29k, INS Shivalik
YEAR-END REVIEW – 2010 Indian Navy
The nation woke up to the threat from the sea in the wake of the Mumbai attacks of November 2008. The Government has since initiated a slew of measures to beef up coastal security and in the year gone by the Indian Navy, besides the Coast Guard, witnessed much activity and expansion. The Mig-29K and the INS Shivalik were the biggest force multipliers in the Navy during the year gone by. A large number of warships were also launched, including the INS Tarkash stealth frigate in Russia and INS Shakti fleet tanker in Italy in the Indian Navy's efforts to bolster its blue water capability. The Navy's anti-piracy operations continued reaping dividends during the year gone by, making the sea lanes safer. Keeping up with India's growing clout, the Navy was the foremost among the three arms in outreach, conducting exercises with foreign flotillas, the Naval ports hosting flagships of various friendly nations and the Indian warships visiting distant shores.
Augmenting Coastal Security
The Indian Navy, being the nodal agency for Coastal Security among all maritime stakeholders, established four Joint Operations Centres, – at Mumbai, Kochi, Visakhapatnam and Port Blair. Besides the Coast Guard and the state Marine Police, other agencies including the Customs, Intelligence Bureau and Ports Authorities are all networked with these centres. Also, each coastal district has been placed under an Area Operations Centre for coordinating coastal security activities.
The Navy conducted 26 coastal exercises during the year involving other agencies to achieve better synergy. In all 12 exercises were conducted on the West coast, ten on the East, two in Lakshadweep & Minicoy Islands and two in Andaman & Nicobar archipelago. Besides, 89 Awareness Campaigns were conducted throughout the year in a bid to involve the large fishing community into the coastal security matrix.
The Indian Navy also played a key role in obtaining approval of the National Committee for Strengthening Maritime and Coastal Security (NCSMCS), in April, 2010 for the National Maritime Domain awareness (MDA) Grid. The Navy later formulated a Detailed Project Report for implementing it as a project of national importance. When the common information grid would be created, it will synergise and enable effective sharing of maritime related information among all stakeholders, thereby leading to faster response by security agencies.
Anti-Piracy Operations
Indian Navy has deployed 23 ships by rotation in the piracy-infested Gulf of Aden since October 23, 2008. To date over 1,400 merchant vessels have been escorted safely, over 1200 of them from about 50 other countries, and 26 piracy attempts foiled. The Indian Navy is constantly engaged with other countries on capacity building and coordination in efforts aimed at keeping open one of the busiest shipping channels around the world and avoid choking of international trade, particularly Oil.
Defence Minister Shri AK Antony inducted the air dominance fighter Mig-29K into the Indian Navy at INS Hansa, Vasco da Gama, Goa on 19th February. The 4+ Generation multirole fighter jet, equipped with Beyond Visual Range (BVR) and guided anti-ship Missiles and smart bombs, will eventually berth on the INS Vikramaditya, the Gorshkov aircraft carrier, when it is likely to be delivered in 2012.
Shri Antony also commissioned INS Shivalik, the first of three indigenously designed and built stealth frigates, at Mumbai on 29th April. Equipped with Combat Management System, CMS-17, manufactured by the Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited, Ghaziabad, the Shivalik class will be the mainstay frigates of the Navy's fleet in the first half of the 21st century.
During the year two Water Jet Fast Attack Crafts were also commissioned, taking the total to eight of ten ordered.
Tarkash, the second of the three follow on Talwar class stealth frigates being built by Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, Russia, was launched on 23rd June. The Tarkash will carry the Brahmos missile in vertical launch mode, giving it 360 degrees manoeuvrability. The warship, also equipped with SAM missiles, torpedoes and Russian built anti-submarine helicopter Kamov Ka-31, will join the Indian Navy's fleet in the second half of 2011.
On 11th October the INS Shakti, second of the two Indian fleet tankers being built by Fincantieri, was launched at Genoa, Italy. The first, INS Deepak, is undergoing advanced sea trials before delivery to the Indian Navy.
On 1st April INS Chennai, the third ship of Project-15A, was launched at Defence shipyard Mazagon Docks, Mumbai. Armed with Brahmos, the new ships of the Project-15 class will pioneer the Indian Navy's foray into sophisticated multifunction radar system.
During the year the Navy also obtained approval to induct six submarines under Project-75 India and four Landing Platform Dock (LPDs) ships under the 'Buy and Make Indian' clause. The Indian Navy also concluded a contract to buy four additional P-8Is, taking the total number of the US-origin maritime aircraft ordered to 12.
Joint Exercises and Other Naval Operations
Four Indian Naval warships, INS Mysore, Tabar, Ganga and Aditya, sailed for South Africa to participate in the 2nd IBSAMAR, the Joint Exercise of the Navies of India, Brazil and South Africa. They formed part of the 11 warships that held manoeuvres in waters off the coast of Durban from September 13-27, 2010.
The Indian Navy's Western Fleet held the 14th Malabar Joint Exercise with the US Navy in the Arabian Sea, from 23rd April to 2nd May. One Los Angeles class nuclear-powered submarine formed part of the US Navy's Seventh Fleet that took part in the exercise, envisaged under the India-US Framework for Maritime Security Cooperation to achieve interoperability, with the first such exercise held way back in 1992. The 7th Milan, biennial exercise of the Navies of Asia-Pacific littoral states, was held at Port Blair from August 3-8, 2010. Started in 1995, 12 countries participated this year, the highest number so far, including Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and delegations from New Zealand, Vietnam and Brunei. The 7th Konkan Joint Exercise with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy was held from 26th July while the 20th SIMBEX annual bilateral exercise with the Singapore Navy was held in the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal between April 3-16, 2010.
The Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet deployed Guided Missile Destroyers INS Rana and Ranjit, fleet tanker INS Jyoti and missile corvette INS Kulish to South East Asia. The ships undertook passage exercises with the Navies of Indonesia, Singapore and Australia.
Eight Marine Commandos including two Officers visited Mauritius from 17th May to 4th June, training 32 Special Forces personnel of the Mauritius National Coast Guard in operations including heliborne. Earlier four Marcos including an Officer trained 12 men of the Maldives National Defence Force commandos from April 15-26, 2010.
Indian Navy also executed Operation 'Raasta Saaf' (Pathfinder) on 10th August in the wake of containers falling off MV Chitra off Mumbai. The Escort Force surveyed the route and ensured safe passage for vessels.
Two Foxtrot Class submarines, – INS Vela and Vagli, commissioned in 1973 and '74 respectively, bid adieu during the year. The Vagli, decommissioned on 9th December after more than 36 years of service, was the last of the Foxtrot Class submarines operated by the Indian Navy. The last of the Seaward Defence Boats, T-58, was also decommissioned this year, in Chennai, rendering more than 25 years of service.
Adventure Sports – Solo Circumnavigation
'Sagar Parikrama', the first Indian solo circumnavigation, was completed when Commander Dilip Dhonde returned Mumbai on 19th May aboard the sailing boat INS Mhadei. Cdr Dhonde's voyage began on August 19, 2009 and took him through 21,600 nautical miles, or 38,880 kms, around the world, during its 277 day odyssey, overcoming very often the rough sea. Cdr Dhonde's feat can be appreciated by the fact that less than 300 people have succeeded in the attempt so far.
PK/Raman
(Release ID :68744)
Tagged as: 2010, end, indian, marine, navy, Review, Shipping, year
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Q: How to find the solution of $\sqrt{x^2+12x+35} \geq x-10$? I want to ask about radical inequality problem.
Here's the question:
Find the solution sets for $\sqrt{x^2+12x+35}\geq x-10$
My attempts to tackle this problem is like this:
Firstly I try to squaring this inequality such that:
$x^2+12x+35\geq (x-10)^2$
$x^2+12x+35\geq x^2-20x+100$
$x=\frac{65}{32}$
And then I apply the condition for the form under the radical, such that:
$x^2+12x+35\geq 0$ and also for the right hand, such that: $x-10\geq 0$
I solve for both of them and got $x\leq -7$ and $x\geq -5$ for the first one and $x>=10$ for the right hand.
Then, I combine all of the solutions to get whole solutions $x>=10$
From my number line, I can conclude that the solution should be $x\geq 10$
But, when I'm trying to check it in wolfram, I got the solution should be $x\leq 7$ or $x\geq -5$
Please somebody explain to me about this difference, so I can get the right answer from this problem. Thanks anyway.

A: First you have to sate the constraint on your inequality . This inequality make senses only when term under square root is nonnegative .
i.e $$x^2+12x+35\ge 0\Longleftrightarrow (x+5)(x+7)\ge 0\Longleftrightarrow x\in(-\infty, -7]\cup [-5, \infty)$$
Adding to this it becomes obvious when the left hand side is non-positif. ie if
$$ x-10\le 0 \Longleftrightarrow x\in (-\infty ,10]$$
So, if $x\in (-\infty ,10]\cap((-\infty, -7]\cup [-5, \infty)) =(-\infty, -7]\cup [-5,10]$ we have
 $\sqrt{x^2+12x+35} >= x-10$
Now if $x\in (-\infty, -7]\cup [-5, \infty) $ and $x\in  [10, \infty)$ which means $x\in [10, \infty) $ and $x-10\ge0$ you can proceed as you did i.e
For $x\in [10, \infty)$ we have,
$$\sqrt{x^2+12x+35} >= x-10 \Longleftrightarrow x^2+12x+35\ge x^2-20x+100\Longleftrightarrow 32x \ge 65$$
Then, $x\ge 65/32 =2.03125$ and  $x\in [10, \infty)$ this implies that $x\in [10, \infty)$

finally, $\sqrt{x^2+12x+35} >= x-10 \Longleftrightarrow x\in [10, \infty)\cup (-\infty, -7]\cup [-5,10] =(-\infty, -7]\cup [-5,\infty)$

A: We can write your equations as
$$\sqrt{(x+6)^2-1}\ge x-10$$
For us to be able to write $$\sqrt{(x+6)^2-1}$$
It must be that $$ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red]{x\in \Big(-\infty ,-7\Big]\cup \Big[-5,\infty \Big)}$$
$$$$$$$$
For $$ -5\le x\le 10$$
$$\sqrt{(x+6)^2-1}\ge 0\ge x-10$$
Which is true.
Hence,
$$ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red]{x\in \Big[-5,10\Big]}$$
$$$$$$$$
For $x\gt 10$
$$\sqrt{(x+6)^2-1}\ge x-10$$
$$(x+6)^2-1\ge (x-10)^2$$
$$(x+6)^2-(x-10)^2 \ge 1$$
$$((x+6)+(x-10))((x+6)-(x-10))\ge 1$$
$$(2x-4)16\ge 1$$
$$32x-64\ge 1$$
$$32x\ge 65$$
$$ x\ge \frac{65}{32}$$
But
$$ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red]{x\in \Big[10,\infty \Big)}$$

Considering all conditions,
  $$x\in \Big(-\infty,-7\Big]\cup \Big[-5,\infty\Big)$$

A: Hints:

*

*First, you have to determine the domain of validity of the inequation, i.e. for which values  of $x$ the radicand is non-negative. As
$$x^2+12x+35=(x+5)(x+7),$$
this domain is $\;(-\infty,-7]\cup[-5,+\infty)$.

*Second, you must remember that, on the domain of validity,
$$\sqrt A\ge B\iff A\ge B^2\quad\textbf{or}\quad B\le 0.$$

A: Let $x^2+12x+35=y^2$, where $y\geq0$.
Thus, $x=-6-\sqrt{y^2+1}$ or $x=-6+\sqrt{y^2+1}$ and we need to solve
$$y+16\geq\sqrt{y^2+1}$$ and we need to solve
$$y+16\geq-\sqrt{y^2+1}.$$
But both inequalities are obviously true for all $y\geq0$,
which says that the starting inequality is equivalent to
$$x^2+12x+35\geq0,$$ which gives the answer:
$$(-\infty,-7]\cup[-5,+\infty).$$
Done!


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After spending more than three years and $40 million to transform their building, the leaders of one Midwestern high school had a surprising request. Shortly after the building opened, teachers started asking the school's principal, "Where do I put the chairs and tables in my classroom?" A few brochures from a furniture vendor provided inspiration; however, the implication was clear. While the school building was designed to reinvent learning, the staff was not completely ready to reinvent how they taught.
This scenario isn't just a common one throughout the nation; it is ubiquitous. Changing space is often the easy part of modernizing school buildings. Changing what happens in that space—now that's where the real magic happens.
Luckily, there are several ways to change hearts and minds during the planning, design, and construction process. These tools and techniques will build consensus and understanding among your staff, allowing them to make the most of their new learning environments from day one.
Visioning (or educational visioning) is essentially a new phase of the planning and design process for school buildings. While architects have always started projects with a discussion of goals and desires, the visioning process goes deeper. The goal of visioning is to help school administrators, teachers, and other stakeholders find new possibilities for delivering education. In other words, visioning isn't about where you are; it's about where you want to go.
Visioning Sessions. Visioning sessions are an important part of exploring new ideas and creating a shared vision for how to reinvent learning. Photo by Huene Photography.
The visioning process takes on many forms, depending on the client and community. The key to a successful visioning process is engaging a broad range of stakeholders, including teachers who will act as champions and who will explain key concepts to their peers.
Visioning is all about exploring new ideas, so don't be afraid to travel. Touring other schools is a great way to investigate what might work for your educational community. Visit nearby school districts that just built new or renovated facilities and talk to their staff. Ask them what they love and what they would do differently. If you can't travel to your desired destination, ask your design team to schedule Google hangouts with schools across the country. Or, have one of your visioning participants sign up for an awards jury in a national school design publication. This is a great way to quickly get exposure to the latest trends in learning environments.
The Design Thinking process also provides valuable tools for visioning and exploring new ideas. One popular exercise, called I Like, I Wonder, asks visioning participants to look at images of modern school facilities and write down what they like about the space and questions they might have. Documenting the reactions of multiple people and exploring preferences is a great way to clarify your own vision for learning environments. It is also an important step in helping teachers to understand the types of activities that will occur in the space.
During visioning, don't forget to focus on how the student experience will change in your building. During visioning for the new Colonel Smith Middle School in Fort Huachuca, Ariz., the stakeholder group changed their language to reflect what needed to happen in the space. The media center became a research commons. The science lab became a STEM lab. Corridors became flexible learning environments. This simple strategy helped everyone understand the difference between their old middle school and their new middle school.
Visualizing the Future. Virtual reality allows educators to learn about their new spaces during design. Photo by Dandy Architecture.
Creating a model classroom is an increasingly popular way to help teachers understand the possibilities for modernized learning environments. A model classroom is a prototype space with new furniture, equipment fixtures, and technology. Teachers, students, parents, and administrators are able to explore the classroom and test concepts as part of the design process.
Developing a model classroom is a relatively easy process. Underutilized classrooms, mobile trailers, and public areas all make for good locations. Often, your design team is able to provide furniture, fixtures, and equipment through their connections with manufacturers. Architects and interior designers are also able to walk teachers through the pros and cons of different concepts and answer questions about how new furniture, fixtures, and equipment support new teaching strategies.
Model classrooms also allow your teachers to give early feedback on their potential learning environments. Make sure to provide some method for easy data collection. In some cases, that may be during group sessions. Another popular method is to place a tablet with an online survey in the room and allow teachers to provide input at their leisure. This feedback is then used to modify design concepts and make the best architecture and interior design choices. When teachers see their ideas reflected in the new building, they are more likely to adopt the innovative methods you desire.
If your school does not have space for a model classroom, ask your designers to arrange trips to furniture showrooms. During the design of the new Columbia City High School, administrators, teachers, and principals from Whitley County Consolidated Schools in Columbia City, Ind., joined the design team on tours of Steelcase University in Grand Rapids, Mich., and the VS America showroom in Charlotte, N.C. The trips were instrumental in providing opportunities to review products and to explore different types of learning environments first-hand. These experiences, combined with ongoing discussions with other school administrators from around the country, gave the leaders of Whitley County Consolidated Schools a clear vision of what the future could hold for their new high school.
Inspired by Travel. Collaboration areas at the new Columbia City High School were inspired by the school's visits to Steelcase University and the VS America showroom. Courtesy of Fanning Howey.
Visualization and virtual reality design tools are currently an underutilized way for teachers to understand their reinvented learning environments. Your architects are creating exceptionally-lifelike virtual environments as part of their basic design process. Make sure to take advantage of those tools to train teachers on the function of their new spaces.
Unless you're an architect or interior designer, it is unlikely that you are able to get a sense of space from a floor plan. But with visualization tools, your design team is able to walk teachers through their new building space-by-space, months or even years before construction is complete.
With visualization, teachers are able to see how spaces connect. They are able to explore their future school in a video-game-like format. They can even put on virtual reality goggles and stand in their room and look around. All these experiences will help teachers to gain an understanding of how the school will feel and work.
Currently, architects are using visualization and virtual reality to help schools see the impact of their decisions during design. But the potential is there for so much more. In the near future, these tools will be a key part of how we prepare teachers for their new facilities.
Today, nearly every major school project involves a commissioning process to make sure the building's systems are operating as designed. To truly reinvent learning, we must undergo a similar process for the educational environment.
Furniture Fair. Tables, chairs, and teacher lecterns for the new Urbana High School in Urbana, Ohio, were chosen during a Furniture Fair held during the design process. Photo by William Manning Photography.
Educational commissioning is a process that occurs as construction is nearing completion, but before school begins. School administrators and design team members hold a series of meetings with the teaching staff to review the concepts behind the reinvented learning environments and to answer questions about how teaching and learning can occur in the new space.
During the educational commissioning process, it is important to cover the basics. Give teachers configurations for different types of classrooms and provide instructions on how these configurations support different styles of teaching and learning: lecture, project-based learning, test taking, or individual research. The clearer the instructions, the more likely teachers are to adopt these practices.
C – a collaborative style with soft seating, puzzle-shaped tables and standing high tables.
The room plans showed teachers how different types of flexible furniture and equipment came together to create these styles.
Other educational commissioning strategies include tours of the nearlycompleted building, small group training sessions, and professional development workshops. In each case, administrators, design team members, teachers, IT staff, and even furniture vendors should be present to make sure that everyone understands the original vision and how that vision will be put into action when school begins.
At that Midwestern high school—the one where teachers were asking for guidance for where to place their desks — the faculty and students have grown to embrace their new environment. Thanks to ongoing professional development and a commitment to innovation, teachers are taking the lead in reinventing how education occurs, inspired and supported by their flexible facilities. In fact, the school recently held a campus-wide TED talk-like event, where students and teachers gave presentations to their peers.
A Guide to Success. For a short period after the building opened, teachers at British International School of Houston had room plans on their walls showing options for configuring furniture. Photo by G. Lyon Photography.
These types of results show that with proper classroom design and plenty of professional development, schools are able to truly reinvent the student experience. Ideally, however, we should be able to reduce the period of transition and allow teachers to immediately take advantage of their new spaces.
Accomplishing this requires a visioning, planning, and design journey that helps educators develop a common vision, explore new ideas, build consensus, and truly understand how their new facilities provide opportunities for innovation and success. Through a collaborative and well-thought-out approach to design, you will create a school that reflects your vision from day one.
This article originally appeared in the October 2018 issue of School Planning & Management.


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With the recent news that both the United Kingdom's and United States' economies contracted last quarter—the U.K. by a large 1.2 percent annualized rate and the U.S. by a much smaller 0.1 percent—it's a good time to revisit the contrasting economic situations in the U.K. and the U.S. to show just how dangerous austerity is to economic growth. First off, both countries fell into recession by experiencing a similar housing market shock, and the central banks of both countries engaged in responses of similar magnitude. And between the second quarter of 2009 (the trough for both countries) and the third quarter of 2010, both countries grew at similar rates: 2.2 percent annualized real growth for the U.K., and 2.5 percent annualized for the U.S. (according to OECD data).
But in the summer of 2010, the newly-elected conservative-led coalition government of the U.K. passed and implemented an aggressive austerity budget. This budget was heavily weighted toward spending cuts—nearly 80 percent of the total fiscal consolidation—and included a 25 percent cut to non-health domestic departmental spending by 2014-15. Tax increases accounted for the remaining 20 percent, including increases in the value-added tax (essentially a sales tax). In total, this fiscal consolidation represented 2.2 percent of U.K. GDP by 2014-2015. Combined with the previous government's planned austerity, the overall fiscal consolidation implemented totaled 6.3 percent of GDP.
This austerity package caused the British economy to stall and contract by an annualized 1.7 percent in the fourth quarter, which was predicted by textbook macroeconomics but totally contrary to those who claimed that simply announcing fiscal consolidation would boost the economy. Meanwhile, the U.S. sustained positive trend growth of 2.4 percent—inadequate to rapidly restore full employment but fast enough to prevent a slide into a deeper depression. Fast-forward to today: with the news that the U.K. economy contracted at an annualized 1.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012, this means that its economy has shrunk in five of the last nine quarters (since the third quarter of 2010), while the U.S. economy has grown in each of the last nine quarters except the most recent. In fact, over this time period the U.S. economy has grown over nine times as fast as the U.K. economy, which has for the most part totally flat-lined.
Ironically, the poor performance of the U.K. economy has also made it more difficult to address its fiscal issues. In fact, since mid-2010 public debt (excluding financial assets held by the government) as a share of the economy has risen, from 55 percent to 69 percent at the end of 2012.
The lesson here is two-fold. First, near-term deficit reduction can significantly harm economic growth. And second, as this approach drags on the economy, it will also exacerbate the deficit and debt. In other words, the U.K. austerity approach—which is intended to reduce the debt and boost the economy—actually does the opposite.
Generally speaking, the U.S. has so far avoided making the same mistake as the U.K. The phase-out of the Recovery Act, state and local government budget cuts, and the discretionary caps from the Budget Control Act are all forms of austerity that have dragged on the U.S. economy (one of the reasons that it performed better in the first five quarters of the recovery than the last nine), though this austerity has not been nearly as large as the U.K.'s.
But U.S. policymakers unfortunately continue to flirt with austerity. The U.S. economy's contraction last quarter was largely driven by defense spending cuts, which are likely the result of the Department of Defense pre-emptively slowing down spending in anticipation of the January 1 sequester (which was eventually delayed until March 1). If the scheduled spending cuts in the sequester are fully repealed, then the delayed fourth-quarter spending will just be pushed to the first quarter of 2013, likely driving more economic growth in that quarter. But if the spending cuts in the sequester are allowed to remain in effect (causing a 0.7 percent drag on the economy through the rest of the year), and/or U.S. policymakers decide to engage in other forms of austerity, then the U.S. could likely end up on the path of the U.K.: an economy moving in the wrong direction with little end in sight.


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Labour MP for Mt Roskill
Senior Whip
Contact Michael Wood
Michael was first elected to Parliament at the 2016 Mt Roskill by-election. In opposition he was Labour's spokesperson for Transport, Revenue, and Consumer Affairs and after the election he was appointed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary to the Minister for Ethnic Communities and became Chair of the Finance & Expenditure Select Committee.
In his Ethnic Communities role Michael is closely connected to New Zealand's vibrant and growing Ethnic Communities and is focussed on ensuring that every person regardless of background has the ability to flourish and reach their fullest potential in our country. He has a specific delegation to work with Ethnic Communities on community safety issues.
Prior to his parliamentary role Michael was an Auckland Council member in his community and has held roles providing advice to Habitat for Humanity and as a senior negotiator for the Finance Sector union Finsec.
Michael is driven by the core belief that people do well when living in strong, fair, and supportive communities. He believes that an economy and public institutions that are focussed on people's wellbeing will lead to a society that is both more prosperous and just.
Along with his wife Julie and their three young sons, Michael lives in Roskill South where he loves to tramp along the Waikowhai Coast, tends to a very neglected vegetable garden, and dreams of an alternative career as a roving international test cricket commentator.
Mount Roskill electorate office
Email: michael.wood@parliament.govt.nz
559 Mt Albert Road, Three Kings, Auckland
Parliamentary office
Freepost PO Box 18 888
Parliament Buildings, Wellington 6160
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Latest from Michael Wood
Labour committed to fair and progressive tax system
Labour is committed to a tax system where everyone pays their fair share and where we start to address the imbalances that have fuelled the housing crisis, says Labour's Finance spokesperson Grant Robertson and Labour's Revenue spokesperson Michael Wood.
"Today Labour has released its full tax plan, bringing together a number of previous announcements and more detail on the Tax Working Group. Given the amount of misinformation being spread, it is important that we have all the information in one place.
Labour will fund Auckland's Skypath
A Labour Government will commit up to $30 million to build Skypath, the shared cycling and walking path across the Auckland Harbour Bridge, says Labour's Transport spokesperson Michael Wood.
"The Skypath, which will be built from modern composite materials, will be clipped on to the city side of the bridge. This will give Aucklanders the ability to walk and cycle safely from one side of the Waitemata to the other.
Government's Johnny-come-lately approach to multinational tax won't wash
It's a case of baby steps for a Government that still allows multinational companies to avoid paying their fair share of tax, says Labour's Revenue spokesperson Michael Wood.
"After nine years in government, five years after the issue of multinational tax avoidance was placed on the IRD's work programme, and two weeks after Labour's own detailed proposal was released, the Government is to be congratulated on their relatively quick response.
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U.S. stock index futures pointed to a higher open on Friday morning with corporate release set to take center stage alongside the release of nonfarm payrolls data. As of 3:00 a.m. ET, Dow futures traded 51 points higher, indicating a positive open of 71.33 points.
The S&P 500 (SPY) inched up +0.09% today. Sector advancers led decliners 6 to 5 as shown below in the sector graph. Energy (XLE) led advancers with a +1.74% gain. Financials (XLF), healthcare (XLV), industrials (XLI), materials (XLB) and technology (XLK) each had minor gains of less than 1%. Consumer discretionary (XLY) led decliners down with a -1.46% loss. Communication services (XLC), consumer staples (XLP), real estate (XLRE) and utilities (XLU) each suffered losses of less than 1%.
The Dow Jones index added +64 points (+0.26%) to close at 25,063. The Nasdaq gave back 17 points (-0.25%) to settle at 7,263.
A robust jobs report drive 6 week win streak by the Dow as the US economy added 304,000 jobs in January, easily crushing an estimate of 170,000 jobs. Investors also examined earnings from Amazon who beat on earnings and revenue, however issued weaker than expected guidance for Q1 and warned on increased investments. Amazon (AMZN) closed more than 5% lower. 45% of S&P 500 companies have reported earnings with 68.1% beating expectations.


text:
McArdle: You have to be on your game all the time
by Media Staff
Defender Rory McArdle has spoken about the need for the squad to keep 'at it' as they prepare to host Colchester United on Saturday (3pm kick-off).
Advance rate tickets on sale for Colchester clash
Scunthorpe sit 14th in the league going into the game and victory could take them up to 11th.
The opposition are in good form themselves though, presentiy eighth in the table, and buoyed by a 1-0 home win over Salford City last weekend, secured through a late Harry Pell goal.
United are in confident mood though, having won 2-0 away at Forest Green Rovers, who sit in the automatic promotion places, last weekend to make it five victories on the spin in all competitions.
McArdle told iFollow Iron: "We knew (Forest Green) was going to be a tough game, as they've been where they are in the league for quite a lot of the season and there's a reason why they're there. They've shown that consistency.
"To go there and get a result like we did, away from home and the way we did made, made it a perfect away result."
It's now back-to-back wins away from home in the league, and clean sheets too, with the recent success at Leyton Orient the first away from the Sands Venue Stadium in league competition since January.
McArdle added: "It was obviously well-publicised, but we knew we weren't far away. The performance levels at times weren't warranting some of the results, but we've been patient, shown commitment, stuck with the gameplan and we're getting the rewards now. We have to keep building on that and make sure it's not wasted.
"Whenever you win football matches, it's always good and you can see how quickly things change. On the training ground, everyone's bubbling and you go into games with that bit more confidence, and things start coming off more in the final third. We're creating chances.
"You look at the goals last Saturday. A few weeks ago, who knows if (Abo) Eisa or Gilly (Alex Gilliead) would even have taken those shots on. It's a confidence thing and you see the belief we've all got. We want to keep building on it.
"No matter what league you're in, no games are easy. This is a hard division and you have to be at it all the time, regardless of who you're playing. In recent weeks, I feel that's been a big factor, and it should be expected from everyone. The recent results show how far it can take you."
Speaking about the Colchester match, in which the Iron will be hoping to make it ten home games unbeaten, McArdle continued: "It's similar to last weekend, facing a team that are up there and have been in good form, coming into it on the back of a win. To score late on gives that added boost as well, so I'm sure they'll have had a good positive week. We're in good form as well though and it's another opportunity for us to show we can compete with teams up there. We have to carry on what we're doing and not take our foot off the gas.
"It'd be great (to keep the runs going). It's always nice to have these runs and we want to keep building on them but it's not something we're talking about really. We want to take each match as it comes, build bit by bit, look at each game and try to keep things going as long as possible.
"We want to make sure we're at it going into the Christmas period because once you get into early January, it can really push you up the table."
See much more from Rory McArdle and Paul Hurst on iFollow Iron. Click here to sign-up.
Scunthorpe United vs Colchester United on 14 Dec 19


text:
KWHI is a radio station airing a Full Service format licensed to Brenham, Texas, broadcasting on 1280 kHz AM. The station is owned by Tom S. Whitehead, Inc.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1947
WHI
1947 establishments in Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Downloads for the Opera browser could be soaring today as the company behind it today introduced a free VPN client with unlimited data usage in the latest version, the Opera 38 developer.
The funny thing is, Opera is the first among major browsers to introduce such a feature.
According to Opera, all other browsers have VPNs as browser add-ons, most of them being based on a paid subscription model. Unlimited data is also rarely seen.
Opera says the new VPN feature offers 256-bit encryption. The activation is as simple as it can be. Open the Opera settings (the 'O' menu, or 'Preferences' if you're on Mac), select 'Privacy & Security', and turn the VPN feature on.
Currently, there are three locations available – the United States, Canada and Germany, but the company says more locations will become available in the stable version of the browser.
Opera's VPN feature offers the same solutions as a paid VPN – it hides your IP address, unblocks content blocked by firewall or similar, and secures browsing on an unsecure, public Wi-Fi network.


Designed for use with any wood, steel, or concrete ceiling assembly to create a dropped drywall ceiling.
Installed mid-wire between the structure and a drywall grid ceiling or CRC and hat channel ceiling.
Ships next day from Nevada.
The RSIC-WHI ceiling isolation hangers manufactured by Pac International is used for drop ceilings attaching to a wood, concrete, or steel structure with a wire connecting the RSIC-WHI to the structure above and another wire connecting the RSIC-WHI to the drywall grid or cold rolled channel with hat channel system below. The layout pattern for the RSIC-WHI sound isolation hanger is based on a 24" x 48" or 48" x 48" on center grid. The wires used should be a minimum of 12 gauge annealed hanger wire tied through the existing wire loop of the RSIC-WHI.
Please choose the appropriate sound isolation ceiling hangers for your project based on specifications from your engineer, architect, or designer. Each RSIC-WHI sound isolation ceiling hanger is priced the same, regardless of load capacity.


steamed pork and shrimp dumplings.
steamed rice cake filled with grounded pork and pork rolls.
salad with thin sliced beef marinated with lime juice, onions, carrots, and peanuts, served with shrimp chips.
pork and shrimp won-ton soup.
Vietnam Kitchen hot and sour soup with or without egg.
asparagus soup with crab meat and egg.
sizzling rice soup with shrimp and egg.
Vietnamese pancake filled with shrimp, pork, bean sprouts, and onions, served with a special sauce.
chicken salad with cucumber, and green onion, lime juice, topped with peanuts and shrimp chips.
Shrimp salad with cabbage and carrots, topped with peanuts, fried onion, served with shrimp chips.
rice cake with an egg on top.
grilled chicken on a stick served with a mild homemade peanut sauce.
stir fried jicama with eggs, dried shrimp, and Chinese sausage wrapped in rice paper.
spicy northern style noodle soup with lemon grass, and mint, with pork hock, pork roll and beef.
vermicelli-noodle soup with tilapia, shrimps, pork, and eggplants.
tomatoes-egg-crab base noodle soup with shrimp, pork ball, tofu, and dry shrimp.
rice noodles soup with thin-sliced beef.
rice noodles soup with sliced beef, and beef tendon.
rice noodles soup with sliced beef, tendon, meatball, and tripe.
rice noodles soup with beef and meatballs.
rice noodles soup with shredded chicken.
thin grilled sliced beef in a rice noodles soup.
rice noodles soup with shrimp.
rice noodles soup with thin-sliced roasted pork, steamed pork, shrimp, squid, fish patty, and quail egg.
lemon grass beef stew with rice noodles and carrots, your choice of beef or chicken.
seafood rice noodles soup with shrimp, squid, and fish patty.
egg noodles soup with roasted pork and wontons.
egg noodles soup with roasted pork and fried shrimp, onion, and Chinese chives.
egg noodles soup with pork, shrimp, fish patty, squid, and quail egg.
duck with egg noodles soup and Chinese herbs.
choice of stir-fried beef, chicken, or pork, with onions, mushrooms, bean sprouts, lettuce, lemon grass, and peanuts.
char-broiled pork or chicken, shrimp, egg roll with lettuce, bean sprouts, cucumber, mint, lemon grass, and peanuts.
char-broiled pork or chicken, shrimp with lettuce, bean sprouts, cucumber, mint, lemon grass, and peanuts.
char-broiled pork or chicken with egg roll, lemon grass, cucumber, lettuce, bean sprouts, mint, and peanuts.
spicy grilled shrimp and a chicken egg roll with peanuts, bean sprouts, cucumber, lettuce, and mint.
lo mein: stir-fried egg noodles, onions, cabbage, bean sprouts and carrots with choice of beef, chicken, or pork; served with peanuts.
stir-fried rice noodles with vegetables and choice of beef, pork, or chicken; served with peanuts.
sautéed noodles with choice of beef, chicken, or pork; served with bean sprout, lemon grass, and hot and spicy peanuts sauce.
spicy rice noodle with sate sauce, bean sprouts, broccoli, peanuts and lemon grass, choice of beef, chicken, or pork.
stir-fried flat rice noodles with chicken, broccoli, tomatoes, bean sprouts, green onion, and peanuts.
tender sliced beef, sautéed with mushrooms, onions, broccoli and carrots.
stir-fried beef with lemon grass, mushrooms, broccoli, onions and medium chili sauce.
stir-fried beef curry with potatoes, mushrooms, broccoli and onions.
sautéed beef with green beans in a special hot and spicy sauce.
tenderloin cubed beef with onions, served with vegetables and fried rice.
char-broiled boneless pork chop, meat cake, and shredded pork.
fried rice with beef, carrots, peas, and onions.
fried rice with chicken, carrots, peas, and onions.
fried rice with barbecued pork, carrots, peas, and onions.
fried rice with shrimp, carrot, peas, and onions.
combination fried rice with shrimp, Chinese sausage, BBQ pork, chicken, and beef.
vegetables fried rice, tofu, and egg.
stir-fried chicken with broccoli and carrots in brown sauce.
stir-fried chicken with mushrooms, onions, broccoli in medium hot sauce.
chicken curry with potatoes, mushrooms, onions, broccoli and carrots, served with white rice.
diced chicken, stir-fried with peas, carrots, nappa, and almonds in brown sauce.
sautéed chicken with green beans in a special hot and spicy sauce.
chicken with green curry, green beans, broccoli, onion and potatoes.
sweet & sour chicken with broccoli and onions, served with fried rice.
stir-fried chicken with broccoli and onions, in brown sauce, served with fried rice.
Shrimp & Broccoli Stir-fry with onion and carrots in brown sauce.
stir-fried breaded squid with celery, onions, broccoli, and carrots.
stir-fried curry shrimp with potatoes, eggplants, and onions.
grilled trout with green beans, mushrooms, and onions.
Steamed rice paper rolls with Tofu, stir-fried cabbage, onion and basil, served with peanut sauce.
two vegetarian fried tofu eggrolls.
two vegetables and tofu wrapped in thin rice paper rolls, served with peanut sauce.
two steamed thin rice paper rolls filled with avacado, lettuce, bean sprout, served with peanut sauce.
vietnamese pancake, folded like an omelet, filled with tofu, ean sprouts and onions, served with a special sauce.
tofu, sliced cucumber, and green onion with lime juice, topped with peanuts, and shrimp flavored chips.
stir-fried tofu with broccoli and carrots in brown sauce.
stir-fried tofu with mushrooms, onions, and broccoli in medium hot sauce.
tofu with green curry, green beans, broccoli, and potatoes.
rice noodles soup with tofu stew and lemon grass.
spicy mid-country style tofu noodles soup with lemon grass.
spicy sour soup with tofu and Vietnamese vegetables, served with steam rice.
vermicelli noodles, tofu with an eggroll, cucumbers, lettuce, bean sprouts, mint, lemon grass, and peanuts.
sautéed noodles with tofu served with bean sprout and peanuts in a hot and spicy sauce.
spicy rice noodles with a special sate sauce, bean sprouts, broccoli, peanuts, and tofu.
stir-fried flat rice noodles with tofu, broccoli, tomatoes, green onions, bean sprouts, and egg.
stir-fried mock duck and green beans.
stir-fried tofu with eggplant and fresh mushrooms.
tofu simmered with special sauce in a clay pot, served with rice, steamed broccoli, cabbage, and carrot.
ginger tofu with steamed vegetables and steam rice.
stir-fried tofu, onion, lemon grass, mushroom, vermicelli noodles, bean sprouts, cucumber, and peanuts.


Gather is a minimalist e-Commerce theme ideal for those who want their products to truly stand out. The theme is free of any unnecessary elements so it keeps your products and services in focus. This is a great way to sell your products and showcase your work. In addition to this, you can also maintain an informative blog for your visitors.
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Game Of Thrones Stars Maisie Williams & Nikolaj Coster-Waldau On 'Crazy' Level Of Secrecy To Avoid Spoilers
The show, based on George R.R. Martin's novels, is about the quest to claim the Iron Throne.
Actors Maisie Williams and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau find the buzz around the plot of the final season of "Game of Thrones", crazy.
"I remember having a little braid in my hair and the hair and make-up team would be like, you cannot leave with that braid in your hair, we have to take it out," Williams said in a statement.
"Because people will read into it and find some spoilers with just a braid. It's crazy," added the actress, who essays Arya Stark in the fantasy series.
Coster-Waldau, aka Jaime Lannister, was cryptic in his response.
Happy Birthday Jaya Bachchan: Siblings Abhishek Bachchan & Shweta Bachchan Drop The Cutest Wishes For Their 'Captain' Momma!
PM Narendra Modi Biopic To Release This Thursday!
"I think that it is the final season, so you would imagine we would move towards some resolution when it comes to the major questions," he said.
The show, based on George R.R. Martin's novels, is about the quest to claim the Iron Throne. But it also stands for complicated political gambits, scheming and the backstabbing nature of people and finding love in troubled times.
"Game of Thrones" Season 8 will premiere internationally on April 14. One can watch the show along with viewers in the US through Hotstar Premium — where it will stream on April 15 morning.
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
R.R. Martin
Andrew Garfield's This 'Goosebumps' Evoking Deleted Scene From TASM 2 Will Make You Abuse Sony As Netizens Agree It's 'Oscar Worthy'
Shah Rukh Khan Was Almost A Part Of Leonardo DiCaprio's Action-Packed Thriller Helmed By Martin Scorsese, Here's What Happened!
Fast & Furious' John Cena Reacts To Vin Diesel-Dwayne Johnson Feud, Refrains From Taking Sides: "These Are Two Amazingly Successful Superstars"
Sofia Vergara In A Skimpy Golden Bikini Boasts Her Finely Curved...
When Aamir Khan Had A 'Bad Experience' Working With Salman Khan...
Karrion Kross Is Open To Make His Return To WWE: "I...
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Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah's Babita Ji's Rumoured Replacement & More...
Bigg Boss 15: Tejasswi Prakash Is Heart Of Karan Kundrra's Family...
T-Series, DSP's Pushpa: The Rise's Hindi Music Album Is Topping The...
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Priyanka Chopra Welcomed With Pride On Vanity Fair's Cover: "She's An...


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The amazing Shrouds of the Somme is returning to Exeter this weekend
The names of the 72,000 soldiers who died will be on display
Richard AmofaWhat's On editor
The Shrouds of the Somme, a piece of art depicting more than 72,000 servicemen killed in Britain's bloodiest battle is returning to Exeter this weekend.
The extraordinary artwork will be a focal point this year as the nation commemorates 100 years since the end of the First World War.
The display will be open to the public from Saturday, June 30 and run until Sunday, July 8.
All you need to know about Armed Forces Day 2018 in Devon: Times, tickets, what's on and where
Artist, Rob Heard
Artist Rob Heard has hand-carved a total of 72,000 12-inch high figures to represent the solders who were killed in the First World War.
Mr Heard said: "I'm thrilled that the Shrouds are returning to Exeter - the people and the Council have been incredibly supportive of us from the very beginning, those early days back in 2016 when we displayed the Shrouds for the first time.
"The Shrouds in their original 'Layout' format give dignity and attention to detail, representing the individual who perished; which is very important, to be able to give scale to the loss.
"The Shrouds in the 'Trench' represent the mass loss – a much more uncomfortable and oppressive image of a huge amount of people crushed together.
"This is such an important message to portray; the reality is that literally thousands upon thousands of men perished together, en mass.
"We hope that visitors to The Trench will be able to gain a greater understanding of numbers involved.
The Shrouds of the Somme is returning to Exeter
Watch as dolphins spotted swimming off Devon coast
"These numbers represent only those with no known grave - a fraction of those who died in the whole batte. The walk through our 50 metre Trench will be like nothing else."
The immersive nature of this installation will generate incredibly powerful emotions, giving visitors a graphic sense of both being in a trench and what the large numbers of those killed really means.
The Shrouds will be stacked along both sides of a 2.3m high free-standing wooden trench.
It should generate incredibly powerful emotions, giving visitors a graphic sense of both being in a trench and what the large numbers of those killed really means.
Is it too hot for school? Are you allowed to keep children home in a heatwave?
Local schools have been invited to visit the installation and contribute to work displayed around them - based on individual servicemen, local regiments and the impact the First World War had on local communities.
An archive of photos and stories of the servicemen represented by the shrouds will be contributed to by the public, ensuring a legacy of commemoration of these men which will continue beyond 2018.
Profits from the project will be donated to SSAFA The Armed Forces Charity – providing practical, emotional and financial support to servicemen, veterans and their families in times of need for over 100 years.
Here's how to join our Facebook groups
Exeter News
Torbay and South Devon
Mums and Dads
The Shrouds of the Somme is an artwork of international importance to remember the missing of the Somme which will resonate around the world.
Throughout 2018 organisers are "Asking the Nation" to send in photos and stories of these men – tell us who they were, where they were from, what they did – make them real, give them dignity. Bringing the individual to the forefront of these unimaginable numbers will help the nation to truly understand the scale of the loss of those who gave their all. All to be collated in a digital archive hosted by the CWGC: http://blog.cwgc.org/thiepval-stories/


I know it has been a while since our last blog entry and our only excuse is that the weather has been just too NICE to sit inside and write on the computer.
After our last entry, we stayed another week at Sunbeam Lake RV Park in El Centro. The weather was mid-70s during the day and low to mid-40s at night. The winds for the most part were light and variable. The days were clear except for a "burn day" when the farmers in the area were burning the stubble in the fields. Sunbeam Lake is actually two lakes connected by drainage pipes. The larger of the two lakes is a developed area with a bike path and picnic tables all around the lake. The second lake is undeveloped surrounded by fields and interstate I-8 at one end. We got in the habit each morning of taking Raider for a walk around the two lakes. The path around the undeveloped lake was a dirt road bordering the fields. In this area we would let Raider run off lead, something that he loves to do. After running around the undeveloped lake he was perfectly happy to just walk around the developed lake on lead. The total distance was just less than 3 miles. The birds on the developed lake were primarily Mallards and American Coots with a few American Kestrels, Northern Flickers, Mourning Doves, and White-crowned Sparrows. The birds of the undeveloped lake were primarily Double-crested Cormorants and American Coots with Black-crowned Night Heron, Green Heron, Roadrunner, Abert's Towhees, Yellow-rumped Warbler and large numbers of Cattle Egrets in the adjacent fields.
Our daily routine was to surf the Internet first thing in the morning to catch-up on the blogs of our travel friends, eat breakfast, take Raider for his walk around the lake, eat lunch, a "project of the day" and 4 PM happy hour as we watched the sunset which always happened by 5 PM. Yes, this retired life is very busy. The "project of the day" might only be to get groceries, or do laundry, but also included several things we have been putting off around the trailer. Yes, even when living in a RV there are still "Honey do" lists. My most ambitious project was to run a second cable between the satellite dish and the DVR. This involved drilling holes in the floor and walls. Something I would never have done in our stick house. Both Kathy and I are amazed at the "handyman" things I have tackled since moving into the trailer.
After our week in El Centro we moved to Quartzsite, Arizona. Every January it turns into a RV Woodstock! Quartzsite is a very small town surrounded by miles of BLM land that offers free, no hookup camping on the desert. Each year during the third week in January there is a big RV show in here. Along with the 6 permanent "flea" markets there is nothing for an RV that you can't find in Quartzsite. It is also known for it's gems and stones. There are more places to buy beads here than anywhere! It is also the premier RV social event of the year. At its peak next week there will be tens of thousands of RVs camped on the desert, for a 10 mile radius in all directions. I think every known RV group has a rally site in the desert near Quartzsite during this week. Our Montana Owners.Com (MOC) group is no exception. With all of these RVs and groups there is a need for some people to arrive early to "stakeout" an area big enough for the expected number of RVs. Our MOC group is expecting 30 to 40 trailers to show up so we need a fair amount of space. We joined 6 other MOC couples to secure the space on Saturday. As the week continues each day a few more rigs are added to the MOC circle. One of the advantages of arriving in Quartzsite early is that not only do you get to watch the desert transformation from open space to thousands of RVs, but, you also get first crack at the vendors to spend money. The weather here as been very similar to El Centro, mid to upper 70s and lows in the high 40s. Unlike last year there have been no high winds or rain.
This is probably Raider's favorite camping spot, because the entire time he is here he can be off lead. Not only that, but he has dog buddies (owned by the other MOC people), that he can hang out with. The only downside is that the desert here is an all volcanic rock surface. All of the dogs are limping after a day or two here and it general takes them another day or two for their feet to get toughened up to the rocks. After that they don't seem to notice it.
El Centro is near the eastern edge of the Pacific Time zone, so sunrise and sunset both came early. Sunrise was about 7 AM and sunset always being just before 5 PM. Quartzsite is at the western edge of the Mountain Time zone, so sunrise and sunset come much later. Sunrise is after 8 AM and sunset about 6 PM.
A typical day here on the desert is spent: surfing the Internet in the morning to catch-up on the blogs of our travel friends, eat breakfast, take Raider for his desert walk, stand around and talk to the other MOCers about who is due in today, eat lunch, go to town to shop for RV stuff, beads, beads and more beads, or spend the afternoon sitting in the sun catching up with whomever is the most recent arrival to the MOC circle. As I wrote earlier happy hour in El Centro started at 4 PM since the sunset so early. Here at Quartzsite because so many of us feel like we are still on "California time" happy hour starts at 4 PM and continues until sunset at 6 PM. Then most return to their trailers for dinner and reconvene at 7 PM for campfire time until 10 PM or later. Yes, this retired life can be exhausting.
You guys have it made!!!
Beautiful picture of the perigee moon and cactus.
Kath, I have on my Labrodorite earrings-WOOF WOOF!!!
You must just be across the way from us. We're here with the Alpine Coach Association Rally which ends tomorrow morning.
Fun to read your impressions!


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The Eremitani Church
The eremitani church was erected between 1260 and 1306.
In the 14 th century it became one of the most important churches of Padua and was decorated by the greatest masters the active in town. During world war II bombs destroyed most of the church and its beautiful frescoes.
The main damage is in the presbytery area, where only the frescoes by Guariento, painted in the 2nd half of 14th century, reproducing " The life of St. Philip and St. Augustine" still survive on the left wall.
The Ovetari's Chapel was rebuilt after the war. According to the man who commissioned it, the cycle of frescoes with the Lives of St. Christopher and St. James's completed by Andrea Mantegna would have to represent a comparison between the Paduan and the Venetian painting schools.
The two frescoes by Mantegna, "the Assumption of the Virgin Mary" and "St. Christopher's martyrdom", were replaced in the original site after the reconstruction of the church. They were not damaged by the bombing having been removed just before the war.
Piazza Eremitani - 35100 Padova (PD)
http://www.diocesipadova.it/
Caffè Pedrocchi
The Scrovegni Chapel
Prato della Valle
The Basilica of Saint Anthony
Touristic Itineraries
Padua as the art city
A classic route in the squares and the monuments of great historical and cultural interest
Padua, the City of Frescoes
The frescoes of the fourtheenth century, Giotto and the Giotteschi
Padua and tourist navigation
Boat tours of the Venetian Villas along the Brenta Riviera, and in the canals of Padua
Padua in the Middle Ages
History and the Middle Ages in Padua and in the walled cities that rise in its territory
Padova e i castelli
Gli imponenti baluardi difensivi, roccaforti e castelli padovani
Padua as the city of science
The old University, the Botanic Garden, the Specola, and science museums
Padua as the city of the Saint, the city of faith
The places of faith: churches, chapels, monasteries, and abbeys
Padua, a city to taste
The century-old gastronomic tradition of Padua amidst vegetable gardens, farmyards, and vineyards
The Euganeans Hills
A natural oasis at the heart
of the Veneto plain
Historical gardens and ancient parks
The oldest gardens in the territory, examples of culture and civilization
The Wine Road in the Euganean Hills
A food-and-wine heaven where local species of grapes merge with local food products
Four Golf Clubs only few kilometres from Padua, in the green of the Euganean Hills, feature excellent design and top-level equipment
Il Burchiello
Padova CitySightseeing
Info and Transport
How to reach Padua
Map of the territory
Map of the city
Hotels, Members & Partners
Copyright © 2010-2015 - Consorzio di Promozione Turistica di Padova - P.I. 00504420282


in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Democracy, Music-Making, Robert Adlington, Unequal Equalities, and Utrecht Colloquia in the Musicologies.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Adam Nocek, Dispositif, Foucault, Government, lecture, and Transmission in Motion.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Centraal Museum, Critical intervention, Exhibition, MOED, Museum of Equality and Difference, and What is left unseen.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Feminist, Festival, Mama Cash, MOED, Museum of Equality and Difference, and What is left unseen.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Boekpresentatie, Concert, Floris Schuiling, Improvisation Beyond Jazz, The Instant Composers Pool, and Tivoli Vredenburg.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Call for Papers, Deadline, Performing Robots, and Transmission in Motion.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: discussion, Film screening, Message to..., and Rami Hassoun.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: art, Curating Africa, Politics, Postcolonial Imperative, and Professor Awam Amkpa.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: Geesteswetenschappen, Onderwijsadvies & Training, Peer feedback, Peergrade, Revisely, and workshop.
in: Categories: Agenda and News. Tags: European Publics, PIN Conference, Postcolonial, and Public Intellectual.


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Q: Retrieving missed Corda transactions from an RPC client vaultTrackBy Corda transactions can be subscribed to using vaultTrackBy from an RPC client but these transactions events can be missed if the RPC connection goes down. RPC disconnects can be a common event so is there a way to retrieve missed transactions when an RPC connection is restored?

A: Corda does not assume that the RPC client is durable and assumes that the connection will drop from time to time. Here is one example of how to catch up to events you've missed while the RPC connection was down. https://docs.corda.net/clientrpc.html#reconnecting-rpc-clients