THERE has been no reported case of dengue fever on Saipan, Tinian or Rota, according to the Commonwealth Healthcare Corp.
TO address the increasing number of influenza cases in the CNMI, the Commonwealth Healthcare Corp.'s Outpatient Pharmacy is offering flu shots to individuals at a minimal charge.
THE Saipan and Northern Islands Legislative Delegation on Wednesday unanimously confirmed the nomination of former Indigenous Affairs Director Ignacio "Ike" DLG Demapan to the zoning board.
A HEART attack caused the death of a chef who was severely burned in the kitchen of a bed and breakfast establishment in San Vicente on Saturday, according to the Department of Fire and Emergency Medical Services.
SPEAKER Blas Jonathan Attao on Tuesday pre-filed a bill that would allow the Marianas Public Land Trust to provide the central government with up to $15 million line of credit.
AT least three members of the House Ways and Means Committee are not sure if the CNMI government can actually meet the governor's $233.2 million revenue projection in fiscal 2020 which starts on Oct. 1, 2019.
PORT VILA (Australian Broadcasting Corp./Pacnews) — An American company has opted to trial a new experimental cannabis-derived drug on diabetics in Vanuatu as a result of stringent Federal laws preventing the trial in the United States, according to the company's chief executive.
(MVA) — The 21st Annual Taste of the Marianas International Food Festival & Beer Garden during May 2019 Tourism Month just got a whole lot tastier with weekly contests announced by the Marianas Visitors Authority.


text:
International Economic Law in the Shadow of COVID-19: Perspectives from Least Developed Countries
Ocholla Akoth
The Coronavirus (Covid -19) is a group of viruses that cause a contagious disease leading to mild or severe respiratory symptoms encompassing fever, cough and difficulty in breathing. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 a pandemic after its raging spread across the globe. The WHO has since taken action to globally support affected countries in preventing, detecting and responding to the pandemic.
The rate at which countries have been reporting cases of the Covid-19 virus has increased over the past three months. According to the WHO, the number of active Covid-19 cases that are reported on a rolling basis currently stand at 2.7 million. The total number of infected patients is 2, 774,135 and 190,871 in deaths. Out of the current reports, the percentage of Covid-19 infections in the global south is at an estimated 23.85 % in active cases and 11.65% in closed cases.
The question therefore is, how will the over 1.3 million infections in Europe over time affect the trade and investment environment in the global south? Taking into consideration the fact that Europe is the major trading partner to the global south. Africa's Growth: Performance, Outlook, And Inclusiveness advances that although African economies have been stable in the past few decades, the growth quality has not been adequate enough to sustain the growing demands of the African people.
Overview of Economic Climate in the Global South
The global south is a loose term used to refer to the developing countries and least developed countries. This paper will however focus on the least developed countries. Most of these countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa and in the Caribbean and mainly rely on foreign direct investment to sustain their economies. The countries in the global south have been known to provide cheap labor to the global north for purposes of production. Most of the raw material used for production are exported from the global south to the global north where the final products are manufactured and exported back to the global south countries at a much higher price. In a nutshell, the global south and the global north are in a neocolonial relationship.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable development goals which are domesticated in individual countries, with Kenya aligning them to its Vision 2030 agenda. Similar agendas and development plans remain the driving force in the Southern economies. In Kenya, the Vision clearly defines achievements that should be met by the country by 2030. In 2019, the Secretary General of the United Nations H.E Antonio Guterres in his speech during the high level political sustainable development forum stated that majority of states had developed a program for incorporating these goals into their national policies and strategies towards realization of these goals. It is however unfortunate to note that the realization of these goals is impeded by increased conflicts, climatic crisis, gender-based violence and persistent and rising inequality. Hence, the realization of these goals is important to the economic climate of the southern countries.
According to United Nations agencies and international institutions reports, the global financial market has extensively experienced a glitch since the declaration of the Covid-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization. Reports show that investors have moved an estimated US$90 billion out of upcoming markets which are majorly located in the global south. The United Nations has reported that this is the largest similar outflow ever recorded.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Prevailing Economic Climate in the Global South
With the high prevalence of the Coronavirus, leaders across the globe are struggling to make decisions to manage the pandemic. Across the global south, an estimate of fifty countries have declared total lockdown in order to manage the virus. The readily available market that the southern trade partners including China and Europe heavily relied on for business is no longer viable. There is no free movement of goods and services across the region crippling the economies.
It is also important to note that over 80% of people in the global south countries are not formally employed. Most of these people are dependent on daily minimum wage for their survival. It is therefore a tall order for least developed countries such as South Sudan and Rwanda, to declare total lockdown given their defenseless economic conditions.
The entire global economy is already experiencing economic recession owing to the pandemic. This recession is directly experienced by the large number of people laid off from work due to the travel and movement restrictions imposed by a number of governments. A good illustration is the republic of Rwanda, according to New Times, Rwanda's leading daily, published on March 31, 2020, it was stated that the workforce in Rwanda is currently slowed down due to the restrictive movement measures that has kept most workers at home. This puts most jobs at stake especially in the tourism and hospitality sector that has faced over 6% constriction since the pandemic was declared. The problem however is that many are not assured of jobs once the pandemic is contained.
The LDCs are bound to face more daunting experiences in the wake of the pandemic. Most of these LDCSs lack enough infrastructures and facilities to manage the pandemic that has hit them; case in point being Nepal, with a population of over 28 million people, the total number of beds available for Covid-19 patients is slightly below five hundred thousand and testing services only offered in one referral hospital in the whole country. In the global south, countries such as Rwanda and Uganda strain to sustain their citizens during total lockdown as a means of managing the Covid-19 pandemic. Some of the social vulnerability in these countries is the poor drainage systems and waste management in the sub-urban areas. People in slums during a lockdown have to endure the abysmal environmental and air pollution that is a constant reminder of their poverty and desperation. LDCs are equally not cushioned against the economic devastation that has hit them with the spread of the pandemic, evidenced by the trillions in international debt and low individual per capita income.
It is evident that the countries in the global north that have been trade partners with the countries in the global south are not importing raw materials any more, this has tremendously reduced the value of the raw materials to prices that do not promote the local economies. They are therefore stuck with their raw materials with no market to export to. Worse off, there is no production muscle in these countries and hence wastage of these vital raw materials.
I commend the states in the global south for taking prompt stringent measures against the spread of the virus with South Sudan and Uganda having imposed travel ban on incoming flights. The ban has contributed to a slight decline in the number of Coronavirus infections in Africa and the global south in general.
The big question however is, what more could be done to ensure economic rise beyond the pandemic once the dust settles. What more could individuals, national governments, international institutions, non-profit organizations and civil society organizations do? The response to this question can be very biased. However, I will highlight my recommendations in three blanket points:
1. Institutional pluralism
Individuals, national governments and international institutions among other entities have to coexist in order to curb further crisis beyond the Coronavirus pandemic. This calls for a consensus in how such a crisis can be controlled. National governments can therefore make effort to provide basic needs to their citizens whilst under total lockdown. However, for states that are not on total lockdown, a gesture that has been taken by the President of Kenya, H.E Uhuru Kenyatta to cut down salaries of executive state officials and other cadres can be embraced by other third world countries in the global south in order to save and consolidate finances in government coffers. These finances can therefore be reengineered to cater for the impeding basic needs of their citizens during the lockdown period. The international financial institutions also need to have a common position on how to deal with the debts taken by the least developed countries and the developing countries within the global south. Institutions such as the IMF recently released US$50 million of funds towards low economy members. Approximately 20% of these funds will be made available to its poorest members through Rapid Credit Facility. The World Bank Group, on the other hand, is forecasting to allocate funds totaling to US$160 billion in an attempt to aid in economic recovery efforts. Other regional financial institutions such as African development bank and Asian development bank have deployed millions of funds to mitigate and cushion the petrifying economic recession that is caused by the pandemic.
2. Investment and embrace of technological advances
In the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic, there is great appreciation for the role played by science and technology. As people are forced to work from home, technological advances such as skype, zoom and social media have become the new norm. These are the channels that are currently keeping people connected as people maintain social distancing in crowded places and gatherings. It is also important to note that the food security in these third world countries is highly dependent on technological advances. These agribusiness technological apparatus are mostly imported from first world countries; a process which is currently hampered due to travel bans. A country with greater food security is way more capable of managing its citizens during lockdown compared to a state that is not food secured; case in point being Rwanda and Uganda. International financial institutions, non-profit organizations and individuals should begin to re-think investments on agribusiness advances that will ensure the stability in production and food security in the least developed and developing countries in case of future pandemics or similar adversities.
3. Empowerment of the people to contribute to economic growth
It is unfortunate that 85% of the people living in the global south survive from hand to mouth. This is as a result of rising unemployment and non-meaningful employment. Most casual laborers are individuals who cannot survive in total lockdown unless they are sustained by the government. The masses in most countries within the global south lack the purchasing power to enable them stock supplies to last them a week while locked up at home. The informal sector does not have a dependable social security system which forces the masses to live by the day with a care-free attitude about tomorrow. Affected governments should therefore begin to reconsider strategies to increase sustainable formal and informal employment beyond the pandemic. Equally, the populace has to re-evaluate opportunities for sustenance and worthwhile investments.
It is now clear that the world economy is hit by a recession that has never been experienced before. Social distancing is the new norm and it surpasses trade and investment. LDCs are inadequately equipped to manage the socio-economic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic; these countries have not even effectively curbed environmental pollution yet. The sustainable development goals strategies did not envisage such a pandemic and this is causing many governments to lose sight of how to manage their economic regressions. The national governments and international community therefore have to be more vigilant and proactive in ensuring that the battered global economy stabilizes after the pandemic.
International Debt
International Economic Law

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
Although in most of the materials electronic spin magnetization dominates their magnetic behaviors, in a few unusual magnetic materials orbital magnetization can be significant and even dominant.~\cite{Taylor2002,Gotsis2003,Qiao2004,Laguna2010,Kolchinskaya2012}
Though its implications on the fascinating properties of a broader range of materials \cite{Murakami2006,Xiao2006,Xiao2007,Wang2007,Essin2010} is
self-motivating, yet much of the attention has been paid to its spin counterpart.
In contrast to atomic and molecular species where only local electronic circulation is possible, the orbital magnetization of a crystalline material comes from intracellular and intercellular circulations.~\cite{Xiao2005,Thonhauser2015,Ceresoli2006,Shi2007,Chen2011,Bianco2013}
Often concomitant to magnetism is the most intricate issue of strong correlation effect, which usually incurs dramatic changes in the electronic structure. This begets a natural question whether and in what manner electronic correlation will affect the orbital magnetization in crystalline materials.

This interesting problem has been approached with various theoretical framework in previous studies, however associated with them are their natural shortcomings.
For example, in density-functional theory (DFT) with Hubbard $U$ correction, correlation effects were included only at static mean-field level~\cite{Nikolaev2014}. Studies on the related issue of exciton $g$-factor renormalization based on GW approximation~\cite{Wozniak2020,Deilmann2020,Xuan2020}, which although accounts for many-body effects at perturbative level, only simple formalism of orbital magnetic moments for non-interacting case was used. While the modern theory of orbital magnetization has been generalized to interacting systems and applied to model systems~\cite{Nourafkan2014,Aryasetiawan2016,Acheche2019,Sjostrand2019}, its applicability when dealing with real materials is yet to be established.
Thus, a more generic approach to this problem would be to apply the formalism for interacting case on a real material with proper treatment of electronic correlations beyond static mean-field level.

The stabilization of long-range magnetic order in layered magnetic materials, despite the celebrated Mermin-Wagner theorem~\cite{Mermin1966}, is due to the strong magnetic anisotropy through spin-orbit coupling,
a direct consequence of the unquenched orbital moments of magnetic ions. A large number of layered materials contains transition metal elements which are  themselves magnetic in nature and exhibit strong electronic correlation. On top of that, highly anisotropic nature of chemical bonding with strong in-plane and weaker interlayer cohesion, leads to reduction of electronic dimensionality. This in turn leads to reduced screening of Coulomb interaction, hence stronger electronic correlation. Thus, the question raised above becomes highly relevant to this class of materials.
A unique advantage of these materials is
that the individual layers can be removed and transferred to desired substrate~\cite{Ajayan2016}, yielding a quasi-two-dimensional monolayer. The orbital magnetization therein only has the out of layer-plane component due to dimensional reduction, making room for strong magnetic anisotropy.

Two-dimensional magnetism with long range magnetic order has just been established in monolayer materials, such as  Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ and CrI$_3$~\cite{Wang2018,Song2018,Klein2018}. In both of these Cr compounds, crystal field-splitted lower lying $t_{2g}$ orbitals are fully filled with three electrons in majority spin channel, leaving less room for unquenched
orbital moment. This observation makes a material with less than fully filled $t_{2g}$ orbitals all the more interesting.
Recently reported VI$_3$, which is also suggested to be a layered van der Waals magnetic material, satisfy this pre-condition.
It is found to display more complicated magnetic behavior compared to CrI$_3$~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019,Gati2019}.
In particular, VI$_3$ is also suggested to be a Mott insulator, and  exhibits
larger saturated magnetization along $c$ axis than in-plane direction. More specifically, Tian $et~al.$, reported a saturated magnetic moment of 2.47$\mu_B$/V along $c$ axis, slightly larger than the expected value from spin polarization, indicating an unquenched orbital magnetic moment.
Past study on YVO$_3$ employing Hartree-Fock approach also reported small but non-zero orbital magnetization~\cite{Nikolaev2014}.
Based on the above considerations, VI$_3$ seems to be a good platform to explore the effect of electronic correlation on orbital magnetization.

\begin{figure}[b]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=70.3mm]{./fig1.png} \\

	\caption{Crystal structures of (a) monolayer,  and (b) bulk $R\bar{3}$. The local Cartesian coordinates for the octahedral coordination,  $x^\prime-y^\prime-z^\prime$, are indicated with red arrows.
	}
	\label{fig:struct}
\end{figure}

In this paper, we study the effect of dynamical correlations on the magnetic properties of VI$_3$. To this end, we use a combination of
DFT+$U$~\cite{wien2k1, wien2k2} and self-consistent DFT + dynamical mean-field theory~\cite{Haule2010} in our study. Hereafter, we shall refer to the latter method simply as DMFT.
We find that compared to the static mean-field results from DFT+$U$ method, the dynamical correlations involved in the self-consistent DMFT framework  enhance the orbital magnetization in VI$_3$ in both the states, the high temperature paramagnetic as well as the low temperature ferromagnetic state. We find that dynamical correlation also stabilizes the orbital magnetization in the monolayer limit.
To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first study to show the role of dynamical correlation in evaluating the orbital magnetization in real magnetic materials.

VI$_3$ has been found to crystallize in different polymorphs  owing to different layer stacking, with the space groups $R\bar{3}$, $P\bar{3}1c$, $C2/m$, and $C2/c$.~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019,Gati2019} The structural phase transitions in VI$_3$, albeit interesting, are very subtle.
A summary of experimentally reported crystal structures at low and room temperatures can be found in Section S1 of the Supplemental Material~\cite{SM}.
For simplicity, we will focus exclusively on $R\bar{3}$ structure for the discussion here, for subtle stacking difference is not expected to impact the orbital magnetization in any way significant.
Within each layer, V atoms form a honeycomb lattice, and each V is caged by six I$^{-}$ that form edge-sharing octahedra, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:struct} (a).
In the $R\bar 3$ structure, a hexagonal primitive cell contains 3 monolayers, and the vanadium honeycomb lattices display a rhombohedral stacking along crystallographic $c$-direction, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:struct}(b).
In subsequent calculations, we adopt experimental lattice parameters for bulk $R\bar 3$~\cite{Tian2019}, whereas for a monolayer the lattice and ions are relaxed using the density-functional theory
(see the Supplemental Material~\cite{SM} for details of calculations).

Recent experiments show that the bulk VI$_3$ exhibits an optical bandgap of 0.6$\sim$0.7 eV~\cite{Kong2019,Son2019}, in contrast to a metallic band structure from a DFT electronic structure calculation as shown in Fig. S1 in the Supplemental Material~\cite{SM}. By including the static correlation described by Hubbard $U$ (i.e., DFT+$U$), the calculated band structures recover the insulating nature for reasonable $U$ values (see Fig. S1~\cite{SM}), indicating that VI$_3$ is indeed Mott insulating.
We choose a value of $U_{\text{eff}}=U-J = 4$ eV by matching the computed band gaps (0.67 and 0.64 eV for  $R\bar{3}$ and $P\bar{3}1c$, respectively) to experimentally observed optical bandgap at room temperature (0.60 and 0.67 eV for  $R\bar{3}$~\cite{Kong2019} and $P\bar{3}1c$~\cite{Son2019}, respectively). From the projected band structure and density of states for $R\bar 3$ shown in Fig. S3(a-b)~\cite{SM}, it can be seen that both $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ orbitals at V atoms hybridize with  $p$ states of iodines. This hybridization is significantly enhanced when compared to the result without $U$ and magnetism (see Fig.S4~\cite{SM}). It will shortly be seen that this enhanced mixing may lead to overestimation of the extended contribution to the orbital magnetization.

As DFT+$U$ calculations only capture the static part of electronic correlation, self-consistent DMFT method is employed to incorporate the dynamical correlation~\cite{Haule2010}. The starting point of a DMFT calculation is a nonmagnetic DFT calculation without $U$, which shows a signifiant crystal field splitting between $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ of 2 eV (see Fig.S4~\cite{SM}). Since the crystal field splitting is larger than the band widths of both $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ sets, Hubbard $U$ is added only to the $t_{2g}$ set in DMFT calculations.
We find that inclusion of $e_g$ orbitals into our correlated subspace does not change our main conclusions concerning the orbital magnetizations~\cite{SM}.
To obtain the spin- and momentum-resolved spectral functions in DMFT calculations, we have performed analytical continuation of self-energies using the maximum-entropy method~\cite{Haule2010}. Figure \ref{fig:dosband}(a) and \ref{fig:dosband}(c) are momentum-resolved spectral functions for high temperature (290 K) paramagnetic and low-temperature (29 K) ferromagnetic phases, respectively.
In contrast to the DFT+$U$ result, due to the dramatical renormalization from electronic correlation, the spectral weight of $t_{2g}$ becomes highly smeared out along the energy axis, although the Mott gap is clearly visible in both ferro- and paramagnetic regimes.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=66mm]{./fig2.png} \\
	\caption{(a) and (c) are momentum resolved spectral functions for bulk VI$_3$ in the $R\bar{3}$ space group using DMFT method under 290 K and 29 K, respectively. (b) and (d) are corresponding projected density of states. (e) Spin resolved density of states.
	}
	\label{fig:dosband}
\end{figure}

Experimentally, VI$_3$ is a ferromagnet with out-of-plane magnetic moments (i.e., along $z$ direction) and  Curie temperature of $T_c\sim50$~K~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019,Gati2019}.
Our DMFT calculations can reproduce both the low-temperature ferromagnetic and high-temperature paramagnetic phases.
As seen in the spin-resolved density of states shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:dosband}(e), the two spin projections of $t_{2g}$ orbitals are equally populated at 290 K, leading to the paramagnetic phase. At 29 K, the spin up component dominates and the system develops a ferromagnetic order.
In the low-temperature ferromagnetic phase, there is a quasiparticle peak around the chemical potential as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:dosband}(d) and \ref{fig:dosband}(e). This dynamical singlet, attributable to Kondo resonance, is insensitive to the parameters used in analytical continuation, but is quickly obliterated by thermal fluctuations as the temperature rises.
In the ferromagnetic phase, the local spin moment on each V atom obtained from DMFT and DFT+$U$ is 1.88 and $2.00~\mu_{\text{B}}$, respectively, which is close to the expected $S=1$ state.
We will examine next the orbital magnetization at both DFT+$U$ and DMFT levels.

In DFT+$U$ static mean-field approximation,  the orbital magnetizations can be efficiently calculated using the non-interacting formula in the low temperature limit,
\begin{equation}
\boldsymbol{M}(\boldsymbol k)=  -\frac{\mathrm{i}e}{2\hbar }\sum_{n}
f_{n\boldsymbol{k}}  \left\langle \frac{\partial u_{n\boldsymbol{k}}}{\partial \boldsymbol{k}} \right\vert \times (H_{\boldsymbol{k}}+\varepsilon_{n\boldsymbol{k}} -2\mu) \left\vert \frac{\partial u_{n\boldsymbol{k}}}{\partial \boldsymbol{k}}  \right\rangle,
\label{nonint}
\end{equation}
where $u_{n\boldsymbol{k}}$ is the cell-periodic part of the Bloch function of the $n^{th}$ band at crystal momentum $\boldsymbol{k}$, $\varepsilon_{n\boldsymbol{k}}$ is the band dispersion and $\mu $ is the chemical potential. Brillouin zone summation of $\boldsymbol{M}(\boldsymbol k)$ then yields the total orbital magnetic moment (See Supplemental Material~\cite{SM} for calculation details).
The value of the orbital magnetization for bulk $R\bar 3$ phase is about 0.02 $\mu_B$ per V, accounting for about 1\% of the spin moment. The orbital magnetic moment of monolayer  VI$_3$
is computed to be essentially zero within this approach.

To further incorporate dynamical correlation in the self-consistent DMFT level, the generalized formula for orbital magnetization expressed in terms of interacting Green's functions is used~\cite{Nourafkan2014},
\begin{small}
	\begin{align}
 M^c(\boldsymbol k)=& \frac{\mathrm{i}e}{2\hbar\beta}\sum_{\omega_n}   ~ \epsilon^{abc} ~ \text{tr} \left\{ \left[H_0-\mu+\frac{\Sigma}{2}\right]G v_a(\boldsymbol{k}) G v_b(\boldsymbol{k}) G \right\}
	\label{fig:dmftorb}
	\end{align}
\end{small}
where $a,b,c$ refer to the Cartesian axes $x,y,z$, $\omega_n=(2n+1)\pi/\beta$, $G(\boldsymbol{k},\mathrm{i}\omega_n)$ and $\Sigma(\mathrm{i}\omega_n)$ are Matsubara frequencies, interacting Green's functions, and self-energies, respectively. $v_a(\boldsymbol{k})=-\partial_{k_a} G^{-1}$ is the velocity operator.
In the above formula, a term involving the derivative of self-energy against {magnetic field} $B$ has been dropped, as the DMFT self-energy cannot depend on $\boldsymbol{B}$ linearly~\cite{Nourafkan2014}. For $\Sigma=0$ this formula will reduce to the non-interacting case given in Eq.~\ref{nonint}, which can be confirmed by both explicit derivation and numerical calculation. The Matsubara summation is converged with $|n|\le 600$ for $\beta=40~(290~\text{K})$, and $|n| \le 2000$ for $\beta=400~(29~\text{K})$.

Remarkably, in the DMFT calculations the computed orbital magnetizations are greatly enhanced compared with the DFT+$U$ results, as listed in Table.~\ref{fig:orbcmp}. The DMFT method gives consistent values of $M^z$ for all bulk structures and a monolayer. This is reasonable in the sense that the local octahedral crystal fields imposed on V atoms are nearly identical in these structures.
It should be pointed out that Eq.~\ref{fig:dmftorb} is derived without considering the entropic contribution, and only suitable for low temperatures.~\cite{Shi2007} Although,  the values of $U$ and $J_{\text{H}}$ in our DMFT calculations are chosen by matching the computed spectral gap at 290 K to experimental optical gap at room temperature~\cite{Kong2019,Son2019}, more calculations show that the calculated orbital magnetizations are similar within reasonable range of $U$ and $J_{\text{H}}$ values (see Table.~S1~\cite{SM}).

\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\caption{Calculated orbital magnetization along $z$-direction for bulk $R\bar{3}$, $P\bar{3}1c$, $C2/m$, $C2/c$, and monolayer (ML) VI$_3$ using different methods and temperatures as indicated in each case. Units: $\mu_{\text{B}}/$V.
	}
	\begin{tabular}{cc|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}}
		\hline
		\hline
		& ~~    &$R\bar{3}$& $P\bar{3}1c$ & $C2/m$ & $C2/c$ &ML	 \\

		\hline
		&DFT+$U$	~		&0.021   &0.026 &0.003 & 0.020&0.001\\
		\hline
		&DMFT (290 K)	&0.079   &0.084 &0.079& 0.081&0.084\\
		\hline
		& DMFT (29 K)	&0.080   &0.085 &0.079& 0.085&0.085\\
		\hline
		\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\label{fig:orbcmp}
\end{table}

In order to further analyze how the dynamical correlation influence orbital magnetization, we plot the orbital magnetization $ M^z(\boldsymbol k)$ across the Brillouin zone from both DFT+$U$ and DMFT calculations for $R\bar{3}$ structure,  as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:r3Mklzk}(a) and (b). It is obvious that the distributions of orbital magnetization in the Brillouin zone are quite different for these two methods. In the DFT+$U$ method, the main contribution to orbital magnetization comes from the Brillouin zone center, while the orbital magnetization accumulates mainly along the Brillouin zone boundaries for the DMFT result. The distribution of $ M^z(\boldsymbol k)$ from DFT+$U$ is more localized compared to the DMFT result, which means the orbital magnetization in real space should be more extended in the DFT+$U$ result. This difference can be partially attributed to the enhanced $d$-$p$ mixing in the DFT+$U$ electronic structures as mentioned earlier. Another source of the difference is the dramatical renormalization of the electronic structures through
the DMFT self-energy, as shown in the spectral functions above (Fig. \ref{fig:dosband}(a) and \ref{fig:dosband}(c)). The overall effects lead to an over four-fold enhancement of total orbital magnetization compared to DFT+$U$ result. It is noteworthy that the orbital magnetization is along the $z$ direction, thus it will lead to strong anisotropy of saturation magnetization, which is consistent with the experimental observation~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019}.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=70mm]{./fig3.png} \\
	\caption{(a) and (b) are calculated orbital magnetization distribution in the Brillouin zone (at $k_z=0$ plane) for bulk $R\bar{3}$ using DFT+$U$ and DMFT (29 K), respectively. (c) and (d) are calculated orbital angular momentum distribution in the Brillouin zone (at $k_z=0$ plane) for bulk $R\bar{3}$ using DFT+$U$ and DMFT (29 K), respectively.
	}
	\label{fig:r3Mklzk}
\end{figure}
Since in atomic limit, the orbital magnetization originates from orbital angular momentum,
we have done further analysis to elucidate the correlation effect on the orbital angular momentum of Bloch wave functions. As the net residual orbital angular momentum can come from the imbalanced occupation of $d$ orbitals of vanadium atoms,
we have projected the Bloch wave functions to the 5 channels of the spherical harmonics $Y_2^m$ with $m=0,\pm1,\pm2$.
The $\boldsymbol{k}$-resolved orbital angular momentum is defined as
\begin{equation}
l_z(\boldsymbol{k})=\sum_{n\in \text{occ}}\sum_{m}m|\langle\psi_{n\boldsymbol{k}}|Y^m_2\rangle|^2,
\end{equation}
where the summation is over the occupied states. $\psi_{n\boldsymbol{k}}$ is the Bloch wave functions. The results for bulk $R\bar{3}$ structure are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:r3Mklzk} (c) and (d).
It can be seen that for both the methods, distributions of orbital angular momentum in $\boldsymbol{k}$-space are almost uniform, especially for the DFT+$U$ method. The reason behind such a behavior can be understood in terms of strong localization of $d$ orbitals on V atoms, leading to weak $\boldsymbol{k}$-dependence of orbital angular momentum. However, the values of orbital angular momentum from DMFT is greatly enhanced compared to that from DFT+$U$. The integrated $l_z$ for DFT+$U$ and DMFT are 0.060/V and 0.158/V, respectively.
Note that for an atomic model with 2 electrons filling the $t_{2g}$ orbitals of V atoms, according to the Hund's rules, the orbital magnetic moment should be 1$\mu_B$/V and antiparallel to the $2\mu_B$/V spin moment~\cite{Georgios2018}. However, the experimental observations show that the out-of-plane magnetic moments are larger than the in-plane ones ~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019}, indicating that the orbital magnetic moment should be parallel to the spin moment. In our DMFT study, we find the orbital moments of $\sim0.08\mu_B$/V
parallel to spin moments, consistent with the experimental observations. Our results imply that the orbital magnetization in real materials cannot be simply explained by the atomic model.

Hence, a unified physical picture for dynamically enhanced orbital magnetization in VI$_3$ emerges from the above comparison. Despite a stronger $p$-$d$ mixing in DFT+$U$ that increases the intercellular electronic circulations of electrons (corresponding to the hot spot in Fig.~\ref{fig:r3Mklzk} (a)), it  suppresses the (potentially more important) intracellular circulations at the same time. The overall effect is minimal occupational imbalance among $l_z$ channels, and quenched orbital angular momentum.
In the self-consistent DMFT framework, the localization behavior of correlated electrons in VI$_3$ is found to increase the occupational imbalance of $l_z$ channels dramatically. Although the orbital hybridizations in crystals will still suppress the orbital magnetization, the greatly enhanced residual orbital angular momentum eventually leads to a significantly enhanced orbital magnetization in DMFT approach when compared to that from DFT+$U$.

Futher insights can be obtained by separating the orbital magnetization into local ($\boldsymbol{M}_{\text{LC}}$) and itinerant ($\boldsymbol{M}_{\text{IC}}$) parts, leading support to the foregoing picture. As defined by Thonhauser $el~al.$~\cite{Thonhauser2015},
$\boldsymbol{M}_{\text{LC}}= -\mathrm{i}e/(2N\hbar) \sum_{n\boldsymbol{k}}
f_{n\boldsymbol{k}}  \left\langle \nabla_{\boldsymbol{k}} u_{n\boldsymbol{k}}\right\vert \times H_{\boldsymbol{k}} \left\vert \nabla_{\boldsymbol{k}} u_{n\boldsymbol{k}}  \right\rangle$,
and
$\boldsymbol{M}_{\text{IC}}= -\mathrm{i}e/(2N\hbar) \sum_{n\boldsymbol{k}}
f_{n\boldsymbol{k}}  \left\langle \nabla_{\boldsymbol{k}} u_{n\boldsymbol{k}} \right\vert \times \left\vert \nabla_{\boldsymbol{k}} u_{n\boldsymbol{k}} \right\rangle\varepsilon_{n \boldsymbol{k}}$.
For DFT+$U$ case, these two parts can be calculated according to the above formulas separately.
In order to compare the results given by DFT+$U$ and DMFT on the equal footing, we need some approximations for the DMFT case.
Specifically, we used the eigen energies from the DFT step but corrected by the real part of self-energy at infinity frequency, corresponding to a shift of chemical potential, to ensure a proper electron number, i.e., $\varepsilon_{n \boldsymbol{k}}^{\text{DMFT}}\approx\varepsilon_{n \boldsymbol{k}}^{\text{DFT}}+\text{Re}\Sigma_{\infty}$.
As the $d$-$p$ mixing is directly related to the itinerant motion of electrons, it is indeed found that in the DFT+$U$ results, the itinerant contribution dominates the orbital magnetization ($M^z_{\text{LC}}=-0.012\mu_B/$V and $M^z_{\text{IC}}=0.033\mu_B/$V). However, the orbital magnetization is dominated by the local part in the DMFT framework ($M^z_{\text{LC}}=0.208\mu_B/$V and $M^z_{\text{IC}}=-0.148\mu_B/$V), due to the localization behavior of V atoms.

In summary, we have studied the electronic correlation effect on orbital magnetization, taking the layered van der Waals magnetic materials VI$_3$ as an example. Our calculations reveal that the dynamical correlation is crucial for evaluating the orbital magnetization in correlated materials like VI$_3$.
The static mean-field theory based density-functional theory (in the DFT+$U$ level) is insufficient to capture the renormalization to spectral functions and the localization behavior of correlated electrons. As a result, it will underestimate the intracellular circulations contribution to orbital magnetization for these materials.
Making use of the state-of-the-art dynamical mean-field theory, we are able to recover the dynamical correlation and give a better description to orbital magnetization, which is consistent with the experimental observation~\cite{Tian2019,Kong2019,Son2019}.
It is interesting that
the correlation effect can even stabilize the orbital magnetization to monolayer limit, which calls for further experiments to verify. Our study may inspire the research of low dimensional magnetism as well as potential spintronics applications.
From the future perspective, effect of short-range or nonlocal correlations on the orbital magnetization would be interesting to study. It can be done using more accurate but computationally costly cluster methods~\cite{Hettler1998,Kotliar2001}, or GW+DMFT~\cite{Nilsson2018}.

\begin{acknowledgements} This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11725415 and No. 11934001), the Ministry of Science and Technology of  China (Grant No. 2018YFA0305601 and No. 2016YFA0301004), and by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No. XDB28000000).
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Q: OnItemClickListener for a RecyclerView I want to add on item click listener to my RecyclerView so that when i click on a certain item, it starts a new Intent and retrieves data from a web server about that item. I've tried a lot of suggestions but non of them helped.
My RecylerView Class
public class GetPrice extends AppCompatActivity {
private RecyclerView recyclerView;
private GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager;
private  CustomAdapter adapter;
private List<MyData> dataList;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.getpricerecycle);
    recyclerView =(RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);

    dataList = new ArrayList<>();
    load_data_from_server(0);
    gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this,1);
    recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager);
    adapter = new CustomAdapter(this,dataList);
    recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);

}

private void load_data_from_server(final int id) {
    AsyncTask<Integer,Void,Void> task = new AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Void>() {
        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Integer... params) {
            OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://172.20.10.7/anfal/getPrice.php?id="+id).build();
            try {
                Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                JSONArray array = new JSONArray(response.body().string());
                for(int i=0;i<array.length();i++ ){
                    JSONObject jsonobject = array.getJSONObject(i);
                    MyData data=new MyData(jsonobject.getInt("id"),jsonobject.getString("name"),jsonobject.getString("price"),jsonobject.getString("image"));
                    dataList.add(data);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                System.out.println("End Of Content");
            }

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Void aVoid) {
            adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    };
task.execute(id);

}

here is my coustm Adapter for the recycler view
public class CustomAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<CustomAdapter.ViewHolder> {
        private Context context;
        private List<MyData> my_data;
        public CustomAdapter(Context context, List<MyData> my_data) {
        this.context = context;
        this.my_data = my_data;
    }

    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.getpricecardview,parent,false);
        return new ViewHolder(itemView);

    }
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
           holder.name.setText(my_data.get(position).getName());
           holder.price.setText(my_data.get(position).getPrice());

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return my_data.size();
    }

    public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        public TextView name;
        public TextView price;
        public ImageView imageview;
        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            name=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.description);
            price=(TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameofp);
            imageview=(ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.imgevie);
        }
    }

}

A: The simplest way to implement item click of recyclerview is to implement in onBindViewHolder method of an adapter.
@Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder viewHolder, final int position) {
       vh.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //use position value  to get clicked data from list
            }
        });
    }

A: In your RecyclerView.Adapter simply create an interface you can use.
private onItemClickListener mItemClickListener;

public void setOnItemClickListener(onItemClickListener mItemClickListener) {
        this.mItemClickListener = mItemClickListener;
}

public interface onItemClickListener {
    void onItemClickListener(View view, int position, MyData myData);
}

In this case mItemClickListener is a global variable inside your adapter and the two methods go inside your adapter, too.
Then inside your ViewHolder apply a click listener to your itemView with itemView.setOnClickListener(this) (or whatever component you want clicked to retrieve the data)
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
    if (mItemClickListener != null) {
        mItemClickListener.onItemClickListener(view, getAdapterPosition(), my_data.get(getAdapterPosition()));
    }
}

This will then pass the view that has been clicked, the position of said view and the object that is contained in your list within that position.
So in your Activity, you can then just simply call the interface.
adapter.setOnItemClickListener(new CustomAdapter.onItemItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClickListener(View view, int position, MyData data) {
    //do on item click functionality here
    }
});

A: First way
recyclerViewObject.addOnItemTouchListener(
        new RecyclerItemClickListener(
            getContext(),
            recyclerViewObject,
            new RecyclerItemClickListener.OnItemClickListener() {
                @Override public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
                    // view is the clicked view (the one you wanted
                    // position is its position in the adapter
                }
                @Override public void onLongItemClick(View view, int position) {
                }
            }
        )
    );

Second way
public interface PositionClickListener {
    void itemClicked(int position); }

in adapter
public class MyRecyclerAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter
{
    public final PositionClickListener listener;

    public MyRecyclerAdapter(PositionClickListener listener)
    {
         this.listener = listener;
    }

    private void createView(int position)
    {
        View v = new View();
        v.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
            listener.itemClicked(position);
        });
    }
}

Reference

A: Actually the best practice with recyclerView and OnClickListener is to do this way :
In your activity:
//Add this line in the onCreate method
//Add more parameters if needed for your adapter
DataAdapter myDataAdapter = new DataAdapter (context, myClickListener);

private View.OnClickListener myClickListener = new View.OnClickListener()
{
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view)
    {
        int position = view.getTag()
        //Do something...
    }
};

And in your adapter
private View.OnClickListener myClickListener;
private Context context;

 public DataAdapter (Context context, View.OnClickListener myClickListener)
{
    this.context = context;
    this.myClickListener = myClickListener;
}

public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
{

    //Your attributes

    public myViewHolder(View v, View.OnClickListener myClickListener)
    {
        super(v);
        v.setOnClickListener(myClickListener);
    }
}

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(myViewHolder holder, int position)
{
    holder.itemView.setTag(position)
}

Of course it works for any kind of clickListener.
Hope this help !!

A: You can just change ViewHolder
         public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);

            name=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.description);
            price=(TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameofp);
            imageview=(ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.imgevie);

            itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {

                // Here is the action

                }
            });

        }

A: Add click event to itemView inside CustomAdapter.ViewHolder
I.e. itemView.setOnClickListener() And inside onClick() Method get position of clicked item like this:
getAdapterPosition()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With the onset of the so-called "global financial crisis" in 2008 the world capitalist system suffered a shock that shook its very foundations, threatening the functioning of key financial institutions and the economies at the centre of the system.
For Washington, the U.S. dollar is leverage, a financial weapon to dominate the world economy, to impose its foreign policy agendas and to secure a steady flow of natural resources over sovereign countries who use the currency.
Today by far the deadliest weapon in the US arsenal is the ability of Washington to control the global supply of money, of dollars, through actions of the privately-owned Federal Reserve in coordination with the US Treasury and select Wall Street financial groups. The US is weaponizing the dollar.


There's no time to stop and tell my brother what's wrong as we walk down the street away from the home we grew up in. I place one shiny buckled shoe in front of the other and try to concentrate on the pain. I don't ask my brother if he thinks my shoes look nice with my skirt. I know he will laugh. I don't want to hear laughter. There's no time for laughter during hitchhiking.
When I was five and he was three, I talked for my brother. He did not talk to adults. I told them what he liked to eat, drink and play. He talked to me though. We were best friends. In the mornings we'd at sit the little table in the kitchen and read the backs of small sugary cereal boxes. He taught me what calories were. Calories were what made you fat. They swelled your fingers up and made them stupid at catching balls. Made you stupid at sports.
He wants to know why I wore these shoes if they've already given me blisters. He asks in the big brother tone he always uses even though I'm older. I'm bigger. A car passes without slowing but I see the passenger turns and watches us walk. We must get small pretty quickly at the speed they're travelling. We must look like ants by time they reach the corner. It's my only opportunity to look like an ant.
My brother explains to me that no one but him will ever be in love with me. I'm too fat. I hate my brother and I believe him. He squeezes me too tight when he tells me this but I let him. I let his bony fingers dig deep into my flesh, sometimes hard enough that when I lift my shirt later, his marks are still there.
Now I'm the one that does not talk.
I don't tell him I found the shoes in his room. They were still in the box our mom had given to me on the night of my first dance I didn't go to. There were more dances I didn't go to after the night my shoes went missing. But this was the first one I cried over with my face in my pillow while my brother rubbed my bare feet and told me my dress was too puffy anyway.
He sticks out his thumb and a station wagon slows.
I get in the back. I always do. The brown panelled Chrysler is familiar. The guy driving has picked us up before I think. This how we get to school when we've missed the bus since Mom died last May.
I let my brother do the talking. The High School on Woodland Street, he tells the man. The man nods. Turns the radio up. "Don't Stop Me Now" by Queen. I fantasize I'm on stage. I'm dancing with skinny girls. Mom used to want me to go to her aerobic classes with her. Said it wouldn't hurt to get my heart rate up. I didn't know what that meant but now I wish I'd asked.
I see a baby fawn out the window. I remember mom's voice in the kitchen. "It's Bambi!" She shrieked with a youthful enthusiasm that I'd never seen in any other woman. My brother ran to her side and I stood in the background opening and closing the fridge instead of looking at the woods behind our house.
My brother misses her more than me but he still does the talking when the man whose name might be Dan, or Dean asks how us kids are holding up. When he asks about the mottled bruise on my arm, my brother tells him I'm clumsy and then laughs. The laugh echoes around the car and I look at my feet. My blisters have burst and there is clear fluid running over the back of my patent heels.
My brother is still laughing when we pull up on Woodland Street. The man turns and smiles at me but the muscles at the top of his lip stretch like his face hurts. The car rocks a little as I heave out and my brother thanks the man for the ride. Dan or Dean does that funny smile again and tells us to take care of each other.
We wait, like we always do, until the car turns the corner. Then I follow my brother away from the school towards the woods.
We sit under the tree with the most comfortable flat ground and take our books out of our school bags. I am reading a book my teacher gave me called, "Life After Loss." He is reading Lord Of The Rings. I am not reading though. I just stare at the pages without retaining any information. When my brother turns a page I turn a page.
I bite the insides of my cheeks.
I never win. I slip off my shoes and my heels are raw. Small twigs and leaves stick to them where the blisters burst as I stretch my legs out. The book slides off my lap and opens to a page where the five stages of grief are. Each one has a little stick man acting out the stage. The depression one is my favourite. He's crouched down and looks like he's about to take a dump. My brother stomps through the brush to find a stick. He comes back with a good one. So fresh that it still has bend in it. It's weeping sap just like my heels.
He lifts my school skirt to where the top of my thighs bulge around my knee.
"Okay?" He asks, and I nod. The whipping sound cracks across the clearing sharply. When I open my eyes, his are still closed but he is smiling too. He tells me that no one will love me the way that he does and I pick my book up out of the leaves and know that it's true.


The novel follows a time-traveling Depression-era drifter.
In 2014, Norwegian director Morten Tyldum released his third film "The Imitation Game," starring Benedict Cumberbatch as cryptanalyst Alan Turing, the man who decoded German intelligence for the British government during World War II. The film was a rousing commercial success and was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won one for Best Adapted Screenplay. Tyldum's next film, the sci-fi drama "Passengers" starring Chris Pratt ("Everwood") and Jennifer Lawrence ("The Bill Engvall Show") will be released on December 21, but he's already prepping his next film, and it's about time travel.
Variety reports that Tyldum is in talks to direct an adaptation of Lauren Beukes' novel "The Shining Girls" about a time-traveling Depression-era drifter who must kills "shining girls" in order to continue his travels.
Tyldum previously directed three films before "The Imitation Game." He first directed "Buddy," about five young people living in Oslo struggling with life and love. Next, he directed the crime drama "Fallen Angels," the fourth film in the "Varg Veum" series. His third film was "Headhunters," about a successful corporate recruiter (Aksel Hennie) who lives a double life as an art thief to fund his lavish lifestyle. "Headhunters" also starred Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ("Game of Thrones") and Synnøve Macody Lund ("Black Widows").
No further production information is available at this time.


Who can believe we are in the 2nd last month of 2018? If you want to end 2018 on a productive high it's time to focus on what you can achieve.
What are the key things you planned to do this year? What have you not started? What is the most important thing to prioritise in the next 6 weeks?
With a little planning this can be your most productive time this year. Finish the year on a high and then move into 2019 feeling really positive and productive. Firstly evaluate any existing goals. Are they still important, still relevant? Which is the best one to focus on this year?
What will it look or feel like to achieve the goal?
Do I need help or input from anyone else?
Plan what you need to do by breaking your goal into smaller sub-goals. Brainstorm each sub-goal to list out the actual tasks required. This can be done simply with using post-it notes, creating a Mind Map or using a Work Breakdown Structure.
Start looking at the tasks to see what can be done when. Are some tasks inter-related? Can you identify milestones or achievements along the way so you can tell you are still on track?
Map your tasks into the weeks left in November and December using a planner like our 2018 Q4 Template.
Be realistic about how much time you have to work on your goal. You are probably already busy so where and when can you create "extra" time?
Build in some slippage because life will inevitably take over and throw some unexpected things at you.
Be practical. We can't treat December like a normal month because of all the Christmas activities. So aim to finish your plan mid-December.
What will change when you achieve your goal? What will be new? Will you start doing something you haven't done before? Identify some measurable targets and track these.
Capture the date you complete things to compare your Target Time with the Actual Time. If you miss a Target date does it have a knock-on effect on the remaining Targets? Readjust your plan as required.
By prioritising and planning out your goal you have a higher chance of achieving it. Celebrate if you do end 2018 on a Productive High! And even if all the work does not get done you will have completed more than if you had no plan at all.
And because of your plan you know exactly what tasks are left. So you are more likely to complete this work early in 2019.
Like all our productivity tips at beproductive.ie we recommend that you: 1) tweak our suggested approach to find what works best for you and 2) stretch yourself so you can achieve new things.
So I hope you end 2018 on a Productive High. Let us know how you get on. And of course please share any other ideas, tips or tools in the Comments below.


The Government allocates an amount of money to schools to support the most vulnerable children. This is known as Pupil Premium funding. The Government states 'additional funding is given to publicly funded schools in England to raise the attainment of disadvantaged pupils and close the gap between them and their peers.' At St. Cuthbert's Catholic Primary School, we believe that all children have the right to a quality education which includes a range of experiences. We aim to close the disadvantage gap by addressing inequalities and raising the attainment of those students in low-income families.


text:
Q: MaterializeCss link as button starts disabled, javascript won't enable I've got a page using materializecss that starts with these link buttons disabled. I want to use JavaScript to enable them.
tried - changing the .class property to remove "disabled"
tried - changing the .disabled property to false

<a class="waves-effect waves-yellow btn-flat white-text" href="<?=ScriptApp.getService().getUrl();?>?v=zapAdmin" disabled="true" >Zap Admin

<a class="waves-effect waves-yellow btn-flat white-text" href="<?=ScriptApp.getService().getUrl();?>?v=nzap" disabled="true">Create Zap

<a class="waves-effect waves-yellow btn-flat white-text" href="<?=ScriptApp.getService().getUrl();?>?v=reports" disabled="true" >Reports

<a class="waves-effect waves-yellow btn-flat white-text" href="<?=ScriptApp.getService().getUrl();?>?v=extra" disabled="true">EXTRA

function refUser(access) {
  if (access == 'granted') {
    var div = document.getElementsByClassName("tabs tabs-transparent")[0];
    var links = div.getElementsByTagName('a');
    console.log(links);
    for(i=0;i<links.length;i++){
      var link = links[i];
      link.disabled=false;
    }
  }
}

A: Try to remove the waves-effect waves-yellow white-text classes before add disabled class
Seems that a similar question was already asked. Check out and see if some answer works for you.
Visit How to disable button using jquery in materialize css.


I'm always amazed to see a sight like this. For decades, arborists and extension experts have railed against such practices because it will sentence a tree to a slow death. Why we still see everywhere it is a mystery to me.
Not only commercial sites, but old trees and new trees in neighborhoods within a mile of my home are mulched with volcanoes. The mulch volcanoes have settled over the fall and winter months, but still piled high against the bark.
Mulch done right is beneficial for a tree. It prevents weed growth, protects bark from a weed wacker, helps retain moisture, and helps to moderate soil temperatures in all seasons. But the volcano mulch piled against the bark of tree, especially young trees, will soften the bark and invite the invasion of rodents, insects, fungus, rot and the suffocation of the trees' roots.
I've been taught to think 'doughnut' when mulching a tree and limit the mulch to two, three or four inches deep… max. Once I apply, I pull the mulch away from the trunk for about five or six inches until the root flair is visible.
This entry was posted in New Hampshire and tagged tree care, trees, volcano mulching by Annie. Bookmark the permalink.
Haha! So true. I've been known to stop and fix a few volcanoes.
Oh my! that would be a good topic for my 'Horridcultlure' on Wednesday. We do not see it as commonly here just because 'gardeners' are too dang lazy to mulch. I remember seeing it in Western Washington and Oregon though.
Horticulture used to be respectable.
It still is but I am thinking of your blog posting on the definition of a landscaper.
Well, yes; I refer to the so-called horticultural 'professionals'. It is why I can not work for any of them anymore.
I started to pile mulch up around a tree about 30 years ago and one of my older neighbors warned me not to do that. He didn't explain it, but I listened.
A very wise older neighbor! Hmmmm… maybe I can gently pass along some warnings. I've got the old part down already!
Gosh I see those all the time too! I used to work at a garden center so I also wince a bit when I see it haha.
I have to fight the urge to roll down my car window and lecture the workers. But they're only doing what they've been taught. Better to educate the clients, I think.
I honestly didn't know "volcanoes" were bad for trees. Now i do!


Our Physicians are Medicare ("Part B" – also known as "outpatient" services) contracted. If you are Medicare insured, please be informed that we will submit ("Part B" only) claims to the Medicare program on your behalf.
It is our policy to advise all Medicare patients of all possible non-covered medical services and/or durable medical goods (such as splints and braces) at all times. In the event that such (non-covered) services and/or goods are provided to you, and Medicare does not cover these items, please be informed that you will be responsible for paying for these non-covered items directly.
To authorize the sharing of your medical information with other healthcare professionals involved in your medical care.
We realize that forms can be cumbersome and frustrating, but we thank you in advance for understanding that we are billing a federal program on your behalf and unfortunately, they require extensive paperwork.
Our Staff is available at any time to discuss further details about your Medicare coverage.
For additional information relating to the Medicare program, please visit the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website at: http://www.cms.gov/.


Throughout your driving lessons with Steve Pearce Driving School of Shrewsbury, you will experience professional instruction and guidance preparing you for both your Practical and Theory Tests. Our local students have the opportunity to take their driver training Theory Test at Shrewsbury.
Steve Pearce Driving School will prepare you for your driver Theory Test, guiding you through all elements of the test including the Highway Code and Hazard Perception. Full guidance will also be offered so that you can benefit from the vast resources that are available to help you with your Theory Test.
Your Driving Theory Test is divided into two parts - Multiple-choice Questions and Harzard Perception. You will need to pass both parts in order to move onto the Practical Test. If you pass just one part you will need to take both parts of the Theory Test again.
Choices of answers are provided on screen for you to answer using a simple touch screen process; some questions may require more than one answer. There are 50 questions; you have 57 minutes in which to answer them. You will need to answer 43 correctly out of 50 in order to pass the test.
You are provided with a series of video clips in which you have to show that you have seen a hazard as it develops, for a higher score you will need to indicate early perception by the click of a mouse. In order to pass the Hazard Perception test you will need to score 44 out of 75.
You can practice for the Theory Test on-line using the Driver & Vehicle Standards Agency website. If you do not have access to a computer you can use a laptop provided by Steve Pearce Driving School during lesson time.
Ensure that you arrive at both the Theory and Practical Test Centres in plenty of time and make sure that you have all of the required documents with you.
Documents to bring to your Driving Theory Test.
You will need your valid driving licence at the test centre. If you have an old-style licence without a photo you must also bring a valid passport.


Aakash Tablet Features & Specification - The initiative raised by Nicholas Negroponte for "One Laptop per Child" gained momentum in Indians Govt mind. The thought was inspired by a senior official in India's MHRD to develop a comparable laptop less in price (Aakash Tablet) for students in developing countries like India. The main moto was to bring high speed information and web access to students in remote areas seeking training to become the next generation tech thinkers and problem solvers. The move by Indian Govt was to prove them in the hardware market in context before the public opinion.
There were many claims about the product from both the boosters and detractors that will explain about the future of initiative by Indians. Both IIT and MHRD have learnt from their mistake in Aakash I as subdue product. But the second release proved quite satisfaction. Akash-II tablet being a gift for Indian Students contain a Cortex A8 800 MHz signal core processor, 256 MB of RAM, 2 GB of Internal Memory, 3200 mAh battery having backup of 3 to 4 hours.
The tablet contain two USB inputs, audio in/out, 802.11 Wifi, GPRS Connectivity which should be upgrade to 3G with a separate dongle and data plans. The device weighs 350 gm (0.8 pounds) and 7 inches (17.8) in Size. The screen having resolution of 800 by 400 pixels and running on Android 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich Operating system. The retail price of Akash tablet is 60 dollars while after subsidizing it will cost 35 dollars for students. The tablet could be made cheaper and meant learner to get into the world more swiftly.
According to Anupam Gupta of India Institute of Technology (IIT) of the 3 million students at 20,000 colleges have around 10 percent their own computers. You might compare that with the "Back to School" sales at American big-box stores and then you will catch why this project is so important. Anything that brings Internet capability to a student's population said as celebration, because it will further change the world. Success on this project means greater success in more marginal and remote areas across the world which aimed global initiatives like One Laptop per Child.


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Equifax: US Charges Four Chinese Military Officers Over Huge Hack
February 20, 2020 in Current Events by Julia Harrison
On February 10, 2020, William P. Barr, United States Attorney General, announced that the United States was indicting four members of the People's Liberation Army in China for hacking Equifax in 2017. The accused men, Wu Zhiyong, Wang Qian, Xu Ke and Liu Lei, accessed and stole the names, birth dates, and social security numbers of 145 million Americans, as well as the driver's license numbers from at least 10 million Americans. Although it is unlikely that they will appear in court, the men were indicted on nine charges: computer fraud conspiracy, computer fraud and abuse with intentional damage and unauthorized access, conspiracy to commit economic espionage, economic espionage, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and wire fraud. The four men spent weeks doing reconnaissance, uploading malicious software, and stealing login credentials, all in order to prepare to steal both the birth date of millions of Americans, but also to take the intellectual property of Equifax — the design of their databases, which is the culmination of decades of work. As a precaution against getting caught, the hackers routed their traffic through 34 servers in 20 countries.
They were able to hack the company through a vulnerability in the company's dispute resolution system, a software that they had purchased through a firm that announced the vulnerability in 2017. However, Equifax failed to fix it, and the four Chinese soldiers were able to breach that vulnerability. Furthermore, the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, an organization within the Department of Homeland Security, warned Equifax months before the breach that the system was vulnerable. The House Oversight Committee concluded that the hack was therefore entirely preventable.
This hack is part of a larger effort by the Chinese government to create a database of American information. There have been a number of hacks over the past decade, including the 2015 attacks on the health insurance firm Anthem and the Federal Office of Personnel Management, as well as the 2018 hack of the Marriott hotel chain. Barr has described the Chinese as having a "voracious appetite" for American's personal information.
There is worry that the information that has been gathered could be used to specifically target individuals with access to information the Chinese government may want—researchers at universities, government employees, and the like. Most instances of hacking are from non-state actors with either financial or ideological motives; often hacking is used to gather information in order to "doxx" people—publish their private data—online. However, these cases of hacking by governments abroad worry both Washington and firms like these more, for good reason: the hackers are more sophisticated, and they have a powerful state behind them.
In his announcement of the indictment, Barr called the attack "a deliberate and sweeping intrusion into the private information of the American people," and went on to say that "this data has economic value, and these thefts can feed China's development of artificial intelligence tools." He swore that Washington would hold China "accountable for their criminal actions," although they do not usually charge other countries' military or intelligence officers.
China has responded, bringing into question the validity of the United States' claims given their international presence in the cyber security realm—accusing the United States of having a double standard. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang decried the accusation: "the Chinese government, military and relevant personnel never engage in cyber theft of trade secrets:" He said that the accusations were "without a basis in fact," and that the accusation is "completely hegemonic and amounts to legal bullying." After denouncing the charges, he pressured the United States to drop the indictment: "We demand the United States immediately correct this mistake and repeal the charges in order to avoid another destructive step in the relationship between the two countries and militaries."
This clearly amounts to a threat, and although after the two year investigation there is little doubt that the Chinese PLA officers did carry out the attack, Geng is correct to point out that the United States has been involved in spying on data from countries around the world. The U.S. and China both engage in spy on foreign businesses; a letter from Russia to the court involved in the United States lawsuit against the Russians for 2016 election interference read: "As current and former US officials have acknowledged on many occasions, the United States —acting primarily through the NSA within the US Department of Defense — is one of the most prolific practitioners of cyber attacks and cyber-intrusions on the planet." The United States enjoys sovereign immunity in foreign courts worldwide. To request that the United States and other countries worldwide all agree to stop spying on each other's data is equally fruitless as requesting that those countries demilitarize: it won't happen.
That said, Equifax's failure to protect themselves from the attack, while knowing they were vulnerable, is criminal. The fact that their oversight makes hundreds of millions of Americans vulnerable to any number of things—espionage, extortion, financial losses—means that they must proceed by making their systems more secure. The United States government needs to bring them to justice. The most significant retribution inflicted on Equifax was the IRS pulling out of a $7.2 million contract, and a group of five Oklahomans suing them. As we have seen, it is a national security issue, and the United States government should treat it as such.
Julia Harrison
Julia Harrison is a correspondent for The Organization for World Peace. She is a current sophomore at the University of California, Berkeley. She is a Global Studies major with a concentration in Peace and Conflict Studies. In her studies, she examines human rights, international affairs, and the conditions which ensure peace or lead to conflict.
Latest posts by Julia Harrison (see all)
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Uber will pay $20 million to settle lawsuits over question of whether drivers are employees
An Uber vehicle at Union Station in Los Angeles.
(Francine Orr / Los Angeles Times)
By Johana BhuiyanStaff Writer
When tech workers began rallying last year against their employers' mandatory arbitration clauses, some of the industry's biggest companies changed their policies. Google dropped mandatory arbitration entirely. Uber Technologies Inc., however, opted to abolish forced arbitration in sexual misconduct cases, but not in other labor disputes.
That decision proved significant Tuesday when Uber agreed to pay $20 million to settle lawsuits challenging the classification of drivers as independent contractors, rather than employees owed the benefits of traditional employment.
The payout is a far cry from the $100 million Uber had agreed to pay to settle the suit in 2016, after a San Francisco judge granted 385,000 drivers in California and Massachusetts class-action status. Eventually, a judge determined $100 million was not sufficient given the original class size.
But an appeals court ruling found Uber's mandatory arbitration agreements — which obligate workers to settle their claims with the company one-on-one — were largely valid and enforceable.
That ruling, and Uber's decision in May to maintain its policy of upholding its arbitration clause in cases unrelated to sexual misconduct, ultimately reduced the class to about 13,600 drivers, who had either opted not to agree to mandatory arbitration or drove for Uber before the company implemented such a policy.
Drivers argued that Uber made it onerous for them to opt out of the arbitration provisions. Shannon Liss-Riordan, the attorney representing drivers in this case, said Uber "rigorously enforces" its arbitration clauses.
"It's a myth that these opt-out provisions in arbitration clauses really make these agreements voluntary." Liss-Riordan said. She's seeking $5 million in attorney's fees and estimates that drivers will receive about $.37 per mile they have driven for Uber.
Resolution of the long-standing fight over benefits and pay comes as Uber is preparing for its initial public offering later this year. The litigation attacked the ride-hailing company's business model of treating its drivers as contractors to avoid the costs of paying a minimum wage, overtime, sick leave and health insurance. Drivers will continue to be considered contractors as part of the settlement.
Uber said it had worked to make "the driver experience even better through improvements like in-app tipping, a redesigned driver app, and new rewards programs," according to an emailed statement from spokesman Matt Kallman. "We'll continue working hard to improve the quality, security and dignity of independent work."
The settlement, which requires a judge's approval, was filed late Monday in San Francisco federal court and confirmed by Liss-Riordan.
Even before the appeals court ruling, prospects for the suits against Uber were dealt a blow by a U.S. Supreme Court decision last year that bolstered the power of employers to force workers to use individual arbitration instead of class-action lawsuits.
Bloomberg contributed to this report
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Johana Bhuiyan
Johana Bhuiyan is a business reporter at the Los Angeles Times covering the technology industry with a focus on accountability.
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Poll: Ontario Bottled Water Policy and Public Opinion at Odds
By Water Canada	 February 8, 2017
A new poll of 1,500 Ontario residents has revealed discrepancies between the provincial government's public policies when it comes to the bottled water industry and public opinion on the issue.
The province-wide poll, commissioned by the Canadian Bottled Water Association, carried out by Forum Research, and conducted between January 21st and January 24th, revealed that 79 per cent of Ontarians purchased or consumed bottled water in the past 12 months.
Significantly, nearly three quarters of those surveyed (72 per cent) said they don't think it's fair for the government to increase fees for commercial groundwater takings if only bottled water companies are singled out and golf courses and other industries are exempt.
"What these poll results tell us is that not only do the majority of people in this province consume bottled water, they don't agree with the way the Wynne government has handled this file," said Elizabeth Griswold, Executive Director of the Canadian Bottled Water Association. "This poll speaks to the issue of fairness and consumer choice and should be a wake up call for the government who seem determined to make policy up on the fly, taking their cue from a small group of people intent on spreading misinformation and putting an entire industry that employs more than 2,000 people in this province at risk."
Other findings from the poll: 76 per cent of respondents indicate they primarily drink tap water at home; over two-thirds of respondents (68 per cent) also rejected the Ontario Liberal government limiting consumer options when it comes to what they eat or drink; and 7 in 10 disagreed that bottled water produced in Ontario should be subject to additional government imposed charges when imported water is not required to pay those fees.
Griswold also said that the bottled water industry will continue to combat misinformation and reactive policies. "For example, 74 per cent of those polled didn't know that our entire industry takes less than one per cent of permitted groundwater takings in Ontario. Singling out our industry sends the wrong message to every industry out there. And that is, locate and invest in Ontario at your own peril."
In January, the Ontario government proposed a fee increase for water taking permits from $3.71 for every million litres of groundwater to $503.71.
The province-wide poll which has a margin of error of less than 2 per cent. Water Canada has provided ongoing reports on the bottled water debate. Features include commentary from Wellington Water Watchers and Nestlé Waters Canada, and explorations of the science from Rob de Loë and Coca Cola's work on complete water neutrality.
Canadian Bottled Water Association
Nestlé Waters Canada
Wellington Water Watchers
Ont.
Previous articleHalifax to Mandate Wastewater Energy in Redevelopment
Next articleLSRCA Re-Elects Chair, Releases Report on Watershed Conservation
Researchers Measure 71 Inorganic Elements in Liquids Simultaneously
P.E.I.'s Draft Water Act Suggests Strong Regulation
Ontario Proposes $500 Increase in Water Taking Fee
Water Bottling is a Sideshow: Bigger Issues Need to be Addressed
Is Ontario's Moratorium on Water-Taking for Bottling Effective?
Prince Edward Island Places Temporary Ban on Bottled Water


The benefits of block paving can be measured through a variety of elements. It has the versatility to meet project challenges head-on and can easily handle heavy-duty applications, detailed streetscape designs and sympathetic conservation schemes. In addition, advantages include excellent physical performance, pleasing aesthetic appearance, reconstitution abilities and overall life-long cost-effectiveness.


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Das Auto & Traktor Museum in Gebhardsweiler, einem Weiler der Gemeinde Uhldingen-Mühlhofen im Bodenseekreis, ist ein Museum mit insgesamt 350 Automobilen, Motorrädern und Traktoren. Die Fahrzeuge sind in eine Sammlung zahlloser Exponate einbezogen, mit denen die Entwicklung des Land- und Stadtlebens der letzten 100 Jahre dargestellt wird.

Seit Frühjahr 2013 ist das Museum geöffnet und zeigt auf 10.000 Quadratmetern fast 200 Traktoren aus Europa, Kanada, den USA und Australien. Neu hinzugekommen sind im Frühjahr 2017 100 Oldtimer und 50 Motorräder vom Automobilmuseum Fritz B. Busch aus Wolfegg.

Zu sehen sind die ersten Versuche der Motorisierung in der Landwirtschaft und alle Facetten der Entwicklung in der Vor- und Nachkriegszeit am Beispiel von Traktoren und Autos.

Das Museum bietet eine Zeitreise durch 100 Jahre Stadt- und Landleben: Die Abteilung Landleben führt durch ein Dorf mit typischen Handwerkern wie Schmied, Schuhmacher und Fassmacher; in der Abteilung Stadtleben gibt es unter anderem einen Tabakladen, einen Kiosk und zeittypische Wohnzimmer zu sehen.

Das Museum ist barrierefrei. Ein Restaurant mit 200 Sitzplätzen ist angeschlossen. Während der Hauptsaison hat das Museum täglich von 09:30 Uhr bis 17:30 Uhr geöffnet.

Lage
Das Museum liegt in Uhldingen-Mühlhofen am Bodensee. Es ist von der B31, Ausfahrt Oberuhldingen aus zu erreichen.

Struktur des Museums

Philosophie
Das Museum wurde im Frühjahr 2013 eröffnet. Besucher-Zielgruppen sind Familien, Vereine, Gruppen, Bodensee-Touristen, in der Landwirtschaft Beschäftigte sowie Auto- und Oldtimer-Interessierte. Der Eingang zum Museum ist im Erdgeschoss eines neuen Gebäudes. Das Museum selber befindet sich im Untergeschoss, Erdgeschoss, Obergeschoss und Dachgeschoss. Durch die Ausstellungsstücke führt ein barrierefreier Rundgang. Die einzelnen Stockwerke sind mit einem Aufzug zu erreichen.

Es wird das Land- und Stadtleben der letzten 100 Jahre dargestellt. Wichtig ist für den Museumsinhaber, die Exponate in möglichst historischer Umgebung zu zeigen. So werden auch frühere Werkstätten der Wagner, Küfer und Schmiede ausgestellt, einschließlich Originalwerkzeug.

Aufbauphasen
Es stellt eine Privatsammlung von 200 historischen Traktoren aus den Jahren 1900 bis 1970 aus den Ländern USA, Schweiz, Deutschland und Frankreich sowie 150 Automobilen und Motorrädern aus.

Seit März 2017 ist die Sammlung von Fritz B. Busch vom Automobilmuseum von Fritz B. Busch im Auto & Traktor Museum integriert. Das Automobilmuseum von Fritz B. Busch in Wolfegg wurde 2016 geschlossen.

Angegliedert ist das Jägerhof Restaurant mit ca. 200 Sitzplätzen sowie einer Terrasse. Auch das Restaurant ist barrierefrei.

Abteilung "Leben auf dem Lande"
In der Abteilung Landleben erlebt der Besucher einen interessanten Spaziergang durch ein altes Bauerndorf vorbei an Schmiedewerkstätten, vorbei beim Schuhmacher, Fassmacher und vielen anderen Handwerkern, wie sie früher in jedem Dorf vertreten waren. Natürlich gibt es in diesem Dorf auch eine alte Schule, einen Spielwarenladen oder ein Haushaltsgeschäft mit den ersten mechanischen Hilfen für den Haushalt, wie zum Beispiel die ersten Dampfkochtöpfe oder automatischen Äpfelschäler. Die 200 Traktoren sind der rote Faden durch die Ausstellung. Es wird Traktorenhistorie, durchsetzt von seltenen exotischen Exponaten und Modellen, chronologisch gezeigt.

Unter den ausgestellten Traktoren sind u. a.:
 Douglas Modell P, Bristol (UK), Baujahr 1915
 Case –12/25, Racine – Wisconsin (USA), Baujahr 1916
 Hanomag – SR45, Baujahr 1936
 Hela – L 25, Aulendorf (D), Baujahr 1944. MWM-Motor mit Holzvergaseranlage
 Hanomag – R455 S, Baujahr 1958

Alte Handwerke und Einrichtungen
Zu sehen sind Werkstätten und Einrichtungen des 19. Jahrhunderts: Böttcherwerkstatt, Holztransport mit Traktor, Traktorwerkstatt, Gerätschaften für die Hausschlachtung, Filderkrautherstellung, Schmiedemeisterwerkstatt mit Sammlung von Hufeisen, Werkstatt eines Wagnermeisters, Volksschulzimmer mit Einheitsklassen in einem Raum, Scherenschleifer, Wasch- und Plättanstalt mit Bügeleisenmodellen, Eisenwärmern und Wäschestampfern, Holz-Schuhmacher, Feuerwehrgeräte, Milchherstellung, Schuhmacherwerkstatt und zwei alte Benzinpumpen (Modell "eiserne Jungfrau").

Alte Arbeitsgeräte und Haushaltseinrichtungen
Die Arbeitsgeräte sind in Sammlungen gleichartiger Geräte zusammengefasst: Öllampen, Ölkannen, Hacken, Handbohrer, Schaufeln in Holz und Eisen, Eggen, Spielzeuge, Sammlung von Handsägen, Schubkarren, Kaffeemühlen, Waagen, Töpfe, Waffeleisen, Portionsschaufeln, Geräte zum Säen, Giftspritzen gegen Schädlinge, Ölkannen und Öltrichter, Sammlung von Hämmern und Seilzügen.

Abteilung "Leben in der Stadt"
In der Abteilung Stadtleben führt der Rundgang an weit über 150 Automobilen und Motorrädern vorbei. Die ersten Fahrzeuge sahen bekanntlich wie Pferdekutschen aus. Anschließend gab es die eleganten großen Limousinen der 1920er und 1930er Jahre. Die Nachkriegszeit war besonders geprägt von Kleinwagen wie Isetta oder Goggomobil, die anschließend in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren bei wachsendem Wohlstand von den größeren Fahrzeugen verdrängt wurden. Der Gast wird beim Gang durch die Stadt an verschiedenen typischen Geschäften vorbeikommen, die Pelze, Hüte oder Lebensmittel usw. anbieten. Darüber hinaus kann immer wieder der Blick in ein Wohnzimmer der jeweiligen Epoche geworfen werden. Von der Gründerzeit bis zum Wohnzimmer der 1960er Jahre, mit Nierentisch und Tulpenlampen.

Beispiele der Automobile:

 BMW 3/15, München (D), Baujahr 1929
 Mercedes-Benz Unimog 416, Baujahr 1972
 Messerschmitt Kabinenroller

Städtische Umgebung
Es werden eine Apotheke, ein Pelzgeschäft, eine Fahrradwerkstatt, eine Motorradwerkstatt, ein Friseursalon sowie ein Kiosk und typische Wohnzimmer mit ihrer Möblierung aus der jeweiligen Epoche gezeigt.

Filme
 Maailmalla: Auto & Traktor Museum Bodensee, Deutschland bei youtube
 soundgarden audioguidance GmbH: Traktormuseum Bodensee / O-Ton-Aufnahmen bei youtube

Siehe auch
 Liste von Automuseen in Deutschland

Weblinks

 Website des Museums

Einzelnachweise

Kultur (Uhldingen-Mühlhofen)
Museum im Bodenseekreis
Landmaschinentechnikmuseum
Traktorengeschichte
Gegründet 2013
Automuseum in Deutschland
Verkehrsmuseum in Baden-Württemberg
Agrarmuseum in Deutschland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In an evening of Middle Eastern and Sephardic music, renowned singer Galeet Dardashti will lead Divahn--the edgy, all-female powerhouse Mizrahi (Middle Eastern Jewish) ensemble, at a free concert at the Quick Center next Tuesday, October 20, at 7:30 p.m.
The group has gained an international following with its thrilling live shows that feature a fresh and fiery take on Jewish music: eclectic Indian, Middle Eastern, and Latin percussion, lush string arrangements and vocals spanning Hebrew, Judeo-Spanish, Persian, Arabic, and Aramaic. The program will feature traditional and original songs with smooth harmonies, entrancing improvisations, and funky arrangements.
Follow this link to listen to the band's music.
As the granddaughter of Yona Dardashti, the most renowned singer of Persian classical music in Iran in his day, and daughter of highly esteemed cantor Farid Dardashti, Galeet Dardashti (vocalist, composer, guitarist and percussionist) is the first woman in her family to continue her family tradition of distinguished Persian and Jewish musicianship.
 With Divahn, Dardashti has performed in venues ranging from top international concert halls and festivals to the most prestigious clubs in New York City and has appeared with some of the most renowned master musicians. The band's members include Rebecca Cherry (violin, vocals); Eleanor Norton (cello, vocals); Sejal Kukadia (tabla, vocals); Elizabeth Pupo-Walker (percussion, vocals); and Lila Sklar (violin, vocals). As one of the few groups performing Mizrahi and Judeo-Arab music in the United States, Divahn welcomes its audiences to a beautiful sphere of shared Jewish and Muslim culture.
Dardashti also pursues her passion for Jewish music and culture as an anthropologist. She holds a Ph.D. in anthropology, specializing in cultural politics and contemporary Middle Eastern/Arab music in Israel.


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1. When federal law and state laws conflict , why does the federal law supersede state law to control the covered subject?
2. How has the legal system evolved over the past twenty years , and how has that affected the state of the legal framework today?
3. How does the legal framework differ between private and public schools?
4. Does the state or local school district have ultimate legal control over the disposition and use of the public school property?
5. What are important areas of day to day school operations that are controlled by state education agencies rather than by the local school district?
6.what are some issues that may not be covered by a local school district that the laws do not cover yet?
7. How does the legal system anticipate future issues in public education?
1. The Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution. The rest of your questions, you will have to do your own research.
. When federal law and state laws conflict , why does the federal law supersede state law to control the covered subject?
. How does the legal framework differ between private and public schools?
between private and public schools?
rather than by the local school district?
district that the law does not cover yet?
how the legal system anticipates future issues.
This is obviously a homework assignment that you need to do yourself based on what you've learned in your class. That said, I'll provide a bit of information that may be useful to you.
1. See Art. VI, sec. 2 of the U.S. Constitution: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/article06/.
3. Public schools are governmental entities that are subject to the provisions of the federal Constitution and other laws that apply only to public schools. Private schools are not subject to the Constitution and to laws that apply only to public schools (that said, many laws relating to things like discrimination apply to both public and private schools).
4. This is a matter of state law that can't be answered without knowing what state you're in.
Where federal and state laws conflict, why does the federal law supersede state law to control the covered subject?
What are important areas of day-to day school operations that are controlled by state education agencies rather than by local school district?


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Home » Gazette » News » Steve Knight Introduces a Solution to Family Separation
Steve Knight Introduces a Solution to Family Separation
Lee Barnathan | News | June 21, 2018
Steve Knight does not make it a habit of injecting himself into a national debate. But the subject of separating children from their parents who illegally crossed the border has caused him to weigh in.
Knight on Thursday introduced House Resolution 6173, which he called End Family Separation at the Border. Unlike other pieces of immigration-related legislation that he cast votes about this week, his bill is short.
In four pages, the Knight bill says alien children are to remain with their parents, even if the parents are detained and if the only charge is illegally crossing the border. Other charges such as terrorism or child abuse would warrant separation, Knight spokesperson Chris Jusuf said.
Additionally, the bill says children who are detained with adults who aren't their parents or legal guardians must be released only to their parents or legal guardians, and the bill authorizes $50 million to build facilities to house families together.
"I think we can do better," Knight said. "We can do better with families. Just pass my bill."
Knight refused to let any other lawmaker add anything to his bill – and some asked – repeating his belief that Congress would get more done if each bill dealt with just one subject.
"If we put DACA up there, let's have a vote. If we put border security up there, let's have a vote," he said. "People might think we're OK instead of giving us a 13-percent (approval rating)."
About Lee Barnathan
Lee Barnathan has been a writer and editor since 1990. His articles have been published in newspapers, magazines and online. His new book "If You Experience Death, Please Call and Other Fatal Mistakes We Make With Language," a humorous look at the ways people misuse English, is available on Amazon or at his website, www.leebarnathan.com. He is hired by people all over the country to help them refine the message or story they wish to share with their target audience or demographic.
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