text:
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GALVANIZING INDUSTRY EFFLUENT ON THE GILLS OF HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH)
J. Majumdar, B. K. Baruah1 and K. Dutta2
1Department of Zoology, Cotton College, Guwahati 781 001, India
2Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 014, India
Department of Zoology, B.Borooah College, Guwahati 781 007, Assam, India
Received date: 19 January 2012; Accepted date: 20 March 2012
The gill performs many functions in fish, such as respiration, osmoregulation and excretion. Galvanizing industry effluent induces hispathological changes in gills of Heteropneustes fossilis like lifting of respiratory epithelium, fusion of gill lamellae, multiple telangiecetasis and appearance of haemorrhagic areas. These indicate highly toxic nature of the effluent.
Galvanizing industry effluent, Heteropneustes fossilis, Gill.
The gills are among the most delicate structures of the fish body and are extremely vulnerable to pollutants present in surrounding environment. They are liable to damage by any irritant materials, whether dissolved or suspended in water. Many workers observed histological changes in the gills of fishes exposed to various industrial effluents, pesticides, detergents, petroleum, ammonia heavy metals etc. Galvanizing industry effluent is highly toxic due to high BOD, COD and turbidity and also due to the presence of several acids and heavy metals (Majumdar et al., 2007b) Heavy metal salts constitutes a serious type of pollution in fresh water and being stable compounds, they are not readily removed by oxidation, precipitation or other processes and can affect the activities of the recipient animal (Nammalwar, 1985). In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the histopathological changes in the gills of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to sublethal dose of galvanizing industry effluent.
Mature, active and healthy Heteropneustes fossilis of size of 10-12 cm were collected from local fish farm and were acclimatized in glass aquarium (size 75 x 45 x 45cm) for one month. They were fed with standard food pellets. The effluent from a galvanizing industry (located on the outskirts of Guwahati city) was collected from discharge point and carefully brought to the laboratory. A group of acclimatized fishes was transferred to the test aquarium in which the effluent concentration was maintained at 2.1mL/100mL. The LC50 value was estimated to be 4.2mL/100mL for 96 hours (Majumdar et al. 2007a).The fishes were kept in the effluent for a period of 90 days and control group was maintained simultaneously. The histopathological studies of gill were done at the interval of 15 days for both control and test groups by following the standard methodology (Verma 1992). The sections were prepared at 5 ÷ thickness and observed under 100x and 400x magnification.
The present investigation on the histology of gills of H. fossilis exposed to galvanizing industry effluent revealed severe damages due to acidic nature and various metallic compound present in the effluent. Marked histopathological changes including necrosis and degenerative changes in the epithelial cells and pillar cells of the gills were observed. The capillaries in the secondary lamellae were dilated. The epithelial cells as well as pillar cells were exfoliated. Consequently haemorrhage occurred in the damaged areas. Partially empty rachis with sloughed tissues indicated disorganization of gill structure. Original shape of the secondary gill filaments was distorted and curling of these filaments was observed (Plate 1). At some places the lamellae appeared like swollen bulging sacs filled with blood cells. Epithelial wall of secondary lamellae seemed to be ruptured. Loss of cellularity and fragmentation of gill lamellae were the most common feature indicating serious impairment in the respiratory function of the gills (Plate 2). The present study was in the line of Dhanapakian et al. (2004) who reported degenerative changes in respiratory epithelium of the fishes exposed to aquatic pollutants and metals. They noticed clubbed shaped lamellae indicating progressive degeneration in the gill due to fusion of secondary lamellae. Muller et al. (1991) concluded that as a result of lamellar fusion, the lamellar surface area may be reduced minimizing oxygen delivery to the tissues. They further noted that after chronic exposure to the pollutants progressive degenerative changes resulted into complete disorganization of the gill lamellae. The present study also agreed with the finding of Jagadessan (1999); Gupta and Dua (2002) who reported severe damages in the respiratory epithelium of gills exposed to heavy metals. Palaniappan et al (2003) also observed damages at cellular level in the gills of Cirhinnus mrigala exposed to metallic salts.
Plate 1 (400x) : Curling of the secondary lamellae and lifting of respiratory epithelium.
Plate 2 (100x) : Loss of cellularity and fragmentation of gill lamellae.
In the present study, fishes exposed to very low concentration of effluent resulted in remarkable histopathological changes which lead to decreased efficiency of gill surface for gaseous exchange. Mucous secretion mainly from the base of the primary lamellae and proliferated primary lamellar epidermis form a tenacious outer layer of different consistency leading to obstruction of respiratory exchange. Another characteristics pathological change of the gill observed in the present study was lamellar telangiecetasis recognized grossly by the presence of the small red spots on the secondary lamellae. The lesion had its genesis in the rupture of the retaining pillar cells which normally joins the dorsal surface of secondary lamellae to the ventral. The result was dilation of the lamellar capillary and pooling of the blood, which thrombosed and eventually fibrosed (Plate 3). Palanisamy et al. (2011) also reported such multiple telangiecetasis in metal exposed fish. Marked damages in the branchial apparatus along with progressive necrosis, corrosion and appearance of haemorrhagic areas in the gill epithelium accompanied by fusion of secondary lamellae (Plate 4) as observed in the present study indicated a condition of anaemia during the latter part of the experiment. All these changes in histopathological picture might be accounted for the combined effect of chemicals and heavy metals present in the effluent. From the forgone studies it was conclusively established that the contaminants of galvanizing industry effluent can bring about a broad spectrum of changes in the histopathological picture of the gills of the H. fossilis.
Plate 3 (100x) : Prominent telangicetasis with massive degeneration of the branchial apparatus.
Acknowldgement
The authors are grateful to UGC for the financial assistance and Principal, B. Borooah College for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the experiments.
Dhanapakiam, P., Sampoorani, V., Kavitha, M., Ramasamy, V.K., Chandrakala, A. and Aruna, K.C. 2004. Gill lesions in the major carp, Labeo rohita exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of tannery effluent. J Environ Bio. 25 (3) : 333-336.
Gupta, N. and Dua, A. 2002. Mercury induced architectural alterations in the gill surface of a fresh water fish Channa punctatus. Journal of Environmental Biology 23 (4) : 383-386.
Jagadessan, G. 1999. In vivo recovery of gill tissue of freshwater Labeo rohita after exposure of different sublethal concentration of mercury Poll. Res. 18 (3) : 289-291.
Majumdar, J., Baruah, B.K. and Dutta, K. 2007a. Evaluation of LC50 of Galvanizing industry effluent.Jr. of Ind.Poll. Contl. 23 (1) : 131-134.
Majumdar, J., Baruah, B.K. and Dutta, K. 2007b. Sources and Characteristics of Galvanizing industry effluent. Jr. of Ind. Poll. Contl. 23 (1) : 119- 123.
Muller, M.E., Sanchez, D.A., Bergman, H.L., McDonald, D.G., Rhem, R.G. and Wood, C.M. 1991. Nature and time course of acclimation to alluminium in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). II. Histology. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 : 2016 - 2027.
Nammalwar, P. 1985. Heavy metal pollution in Adyar estuary, Madras, India. Proc. Symp. Assess. Environ. Pollut. 235-238.
Palaniappan, P.L.R.M., Karthikeyan, S. and Sabhanayakam, S. 2003. Studies on the effects of heavy metal nickel on gills of fingerlings of an edible fish Cirrhinus mrigala. Poll. Res. 22 (2) : 247-250.
Palanisamy, P., Sasikala, G., Mallikaraj, D., Bhuvaneshwari, N. and Natarajan, G.M. 2011. Histopatological lesions in gill of air-breathing cat fish mystus cavasius exposed to of electroplating industrial effluent nickel. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. 2 (2) : 150-155.
Verma, P.S. 1992. A Manual of Practical Zoology. Chordates. S. Chand & Comany Ltd.,New Delhi.


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A human mind is a powerful thing; through sheer conviction a person may push their body way beyond what is biologically possible. This held true even in Raven's old world – they had even had a name for it there – but here, where spiritualists were more in tune with the essence of the world, it was even more so. In fact, one could argue that it was precisely the conviction that the Divine Skill Imprints gave them that allowed spiritualists to push themselves even further and manipulate spirit essence as a power of their own.
But this aspect of the human mind is a double edged sword.
As the killing intent laced spirit essence of Raven's Ode of Woe bombarded the mind of the man calling himself the Blood Hound, the would-be assassin hadn't reacted in time to put up any kind of defense, and the second Raven's attack touched his soul prism it was already too late.
By then he didn't just believe he was going to die, he knew it.
Instantly his body responded and started to shut itself down on its own. It happened faster than Raven had expected and before she managed to pull back her attack, the man had fainted – or perhaps more accurately, shut down enough to the point where his consciousness left him.
Raven stared blankly at the dying man in front of her. She clicked her tongue disapprovingly.
'I guess I haven't really gotten the hang of it yet; my latest breakthrough has made me a bit unbalanced. . . .' Although Raven trained relentlessly, it was still rather rare for her to find the opportunity to use her powerful mental attack to its fullest, and with every jump in her cultivation the effectiveness of her Divine Skills would increase as well, making it harder to control.
For three years, Raven had been cultivating regularly in that mysterious space provided by the academy founder's benefactor and, although Raven hadn't dared repeat her Day of Light experience in the Spirit Hall Tower, she had still improved by leaps and bounds.
Over these years, Raven didn't make even a single new spirit connection, keeping her at 374 connections, but those connections had changed greatly; if they, in the beginning, could have been considered as frail threads, they had now swelled into robust ropes, all of which absorbed spirit essence from the world at an astounding pace. With this improved absorption pace, it had only taken a year for Raven to step into the Champion realm and not too long ago her cultivation had soared to the point of being considered a mid Champion.
As such, Raven was the first ever nine-year-old to enter the ranks of the top 1% of elite spiritualists on the Trinity continent who managed to raise their cultivation so far – much to Headmaster Swan's immense delight. At first he had been a bit reluctant to agree to Raven's request for personal revenge, but, as he learned how quickly she was improving, Headmaster Swan immediately changed his mind. For him, the most important thing was now to make sure Raven survived – if that meant putting the nation in a tricky situation for a few years, so be it.
Raven looked back at the two sleeping twins not far from her before she glanced at the other man whom she had knocked unconscious with the Ode of Woe earlier. Although he was weaker than the Blood Hound, Raven hadn't hit him with the skill straight on either so he was still better off.
'Four people, huh. . . . How annoying,' she sighed, but despite her inner thoughts, Raven hoisted the two strangers over her shoulders with ease. As for the twins, a softly glowing membrane of spirit essence appeared underneath them, lifting them gently from the ground. She used no Divine Skills to pull this off and instead relied on the ability to manifest her own spirit essence outside of her body. It had started with a small ring in Elder Willow's class nearly four years ago, but, since Raven's Spacial Dash relied on this concept to work at all, Raven had trained the technique to completely new heights.
'At least the Hound made it a little bit simpler to get back to the house undetected. . . .' thought Raven as she silently moved through the night, hauling the unconscious boys and men with her.
Barely an hour later, an extremely flushed Javelin slammed open the front door to the mercenary house where Bill lived, in the outskirts of the city.
Javelin was about to call out for Raven when her calm but cold voice stopped him. "Why so flustered, Javelin? I'm sure Bill told you there was no need to rush."
"Raven!" Javelin dashed the few meters separating himself from Raven. "Are you unharmed?"
Seeing the frantic look in his eyes, Raven couldn't help but soften a bit. "I'm fine, Jav," she said and stretched out a hand to pat his head – even though Raven had grown a lot, so had Javelin, and he was still nearly a head taller than her. "How could a mere low Champion harm me?"
Javelin at first seemed relieved but he quickly turned mad. "Stop that," he grunted as he took an annoyed step back, moving out of Raven's reach. "I'm not a kid anymore! Do you even hear what you're saying? What 'mere low Champion'? You yourself were 'only' a low Champion two weeks ago!"
Raven waved a hand dismissively. "Never mind that. I need you to help me with a couple of things, Javelin."
Immediately the anger within Javelin subsided a bit. It had been a while since Raven asked him for a favor, often turning to that Limpkin assassin instead.
"What can I do?" he asked solemnly.
"I need your help with some healing," was the reply he got and once more Javelin couldn't stop himself from running forwards to Raven, fear gripping his heart.
"I thought you said you weren't hurt! Where is it? Let me see."
"Not me, silly!" Raven chuckled and used her arms to push Javelin away.
"Then who . . ." Javelin was confused.
"You didn't listen to a word Bill had to say, did you?" she asked and Javelin looked down on the ground, absentmindedly scratching the back of his neck.
At that point Bill came in through the front door. "You're right, ma'am, he did not," he said, wheezing and out of breath, "the moment I told him there had been an assassination attempt and that you needed his help, this young one took off running." Bill flicked his thumb towards Javelin.
"Well, it's your fault for putting it like that!" Javelin snapped back, awash with embarrassment. "You made it sound like she was dying!"
"Don't flatter yourself, kid! Do you really think I would have turned to you for help if the madam herself was injured?"
Javelin and Bill glared at each other, sparks flying.
"Enough." Raven's voice wasn't loud but it carried an oppressive aura that caused both the teenager and the middle-aged man to shudder and stop their bickering at once. "Bill, tend to the Griffin twins, the Heavenly Slumber Grip might wear off soon but I don't want them awake just yet."
"Yes, ma'am." Bill bowed and left the hallway without even a glance towards Javelin. Raven on the other hand beckoned for Javelin to follow her. They headed towards the house's cellar.
"Heavenly Slumber Grip?" asked Javelin as they walked – he hadn't heard of such a skill before.
"It's a Divine Skill that puts people to sleep for up to two hours. It is quite useful, but easy to defend against if you're expecting it."
Javelin shook his head. "Seriously, Raven, how many Divine Skills do you actually know? If I didn't know better I'd think you've read every skill in the Divine Library."
"I have."
"I have read every scroll in the library."
Javelin stumbled over a doorstep, only barely catching himself on the frame. "But that's got to be ten thousands scrolls!"
"There are 36 919 of them, to be exact." Raven didn't even bother to look back at Javelin as she started descending the stairs to the cellar, leaving him stunned on the stair landing.
'I knew she had been looking through the scrolls at the library, but all of them?' Javelin couldn't help but be impressed. 'Wait, if she read them all how many has she mastered?'
"Um, Raven . . ." he started but she seemed to know what he was about to ask, so she answered him before he finished speaking; "1109."
"Holy sh-" Javelin couldn't help but cry out in shock but his loud outburst was cut short as he found his mouth suddenly covered by Raven's hand. Javelin's eyes widened and his pulse quickened at the feel of her cool hand.
"Keep it down, Javelin," hushed Raven, her face so close to his that Javelin would feel the warmth of her breath. "I told you that we didn't want to wake the twins so be silent until we're within the sound barrier."
Javelin somehow managed to swallow and nod obediently, so Raven lowered her hand and backed away, continuing down the steps. For a few seconds Javelin couldn't say anything, or even move – his heart was beating too violently – but when Raven had reached the bottom of the stairs and turned to give him a questioning look, Javelin forced himself to move forward.
Raven opened the bottom door to the cellar and allowed Javelin to walk in first. The moment he passed through the doorway, high pitched wails filled his ears.
"Let me go!" called a desperate voice. "I have done nothing wrong, so let me go!"
Javelin looked around the cellar room, only to find that it didn't look even one bit like the food cellar it was supposed to be. It was more like a dungeon. There were plenty of chains adorning the walls and various odd looking tools were neatly arranged on a bench to the side. On the wall opposite to the entrance, two men were chained up tightly. One of the men was the source of the wailing – his eyes were filled with fear and Javelin couldn't help but feel like the man was ready to pass out any second. The other man hung, slumped in his chains, already knocked out.
Javelin glanced back at the door behind him. "A dungeon?"
Raven nodded and was about to say something when the still conscious man wailed yet again. "Please young man, tell this crazy boy to let me go – I have done nothing wrong!"
With a flash, Raven was next to the man, her hand gripping his throat. "Don't speak to him," she warned, sternly before she leaned in closer and whispered something that Javelin couldn't hear. Whatever it was she said, it had effect; immediately the man paled and clammed his mouth shut.
Javelin frowned slightly. He had known for a while now that Raven was a masterful assassin, who no doubt had killed plenty of people before, but somehow this dungeon made Javelin feel a bit uneasy. It was one thing to be a killer – few spiritualists would go their entire lives without killing someone – but it was a different thing being cruel about it.
"Raven?" Javelin's voice revealed his discomfort more than he had intended but if she noticed it, Raven ignored it.
"I need your help healing this man," she said instead and pointed towards the unconscious one. "My limited skills with healing are not good enough."
"Your limited skills?" The statement let Javelin forget his uneasiness for a moment. "I thought you had learned over a thousand Divine Skills; surely you posses a better Healing Skill than I do."
Raven shook her head. "They don't seem compatible with me. Even after I manege to learn how to use them, their effects are always dismal – and they're getting worse too. . . ." For a moment, Raven's gaze turned distant and a little sad, as if she was thinking about something that pained her.
Javelin felt a lump forming in the back of his throat but before he could say anything, Raven's eyes turned back to their normal expressionless state. "You'd better hurry," she said and indicated the man in need of assistance.
"Right." Javelin walked forward and placed his hands on his patient, letting his own spirit essence pour into the man. Instantly his Eyes widened in shock. Outwardly there hadn't seemed to be anything wrong with the man, but inside it was more like nothing was right; every single organ showed signs of failing. Normally such a process would cause the body to react violently, desperately trying to reboot itself, but here there was nothing – the man was just slowly slipping away.
"I can't heal something like this – you need a true healer!" exclaimed Javelin, giving Raven a helpless look. "How did this even happen to him?"
Raven shrugged. "He did it to himself . . . in a sense."
"How could he possibly . . ."
"It's hard to explain, but the important part is that he isn't actually hurt anywhere, even his soul prism is intact – although it too was showing signs of breaking when I last checked. If you could just revitalize him a bit I bet he would snap out of it."
"You caused this?" Javelin was silently amazed, but he sounded more accusing than impressed.
Raven's face hardened. "He, the so-called Blood Hound, was going to kill Martin and Lark, was I supposed to just sit back and let it happen?"
Javelin was quick to deny it. "Of course not! That's not what I meant, Raven. I just have never even heard of anything like this and only wondered how you did it. I am not so naive that I'd ask you to fight a low Champion without harming him – I would likely have killed him on the spot, if in your place."
Raven seemed to soften a bit, even giving Javelin a half-weary smile.
"He has information I want."
"Very well then," said Javelin and turned his attention back to the dying man. "Let's see what can be done." A brilliant, yet oddly not blinding light spread out from his hands as he placed one of them on the man's forehead and the other on his abdomen. Gushes of nurturing spirit essence flowed from Javelin into the man, causing the latter's body to shake violently with every pulse.
Off to the side, the second still conscious man seemed to push through his fears for a moment as he stared intently at Javelin's hands, or perhaps the man underneath them. It was hard to say if he was eager or apprehensive towards the latter regaining his consciousness.
At first there was no reaction whatsoever from Javelin's healing – the man continued to die at a steady pace – but eventually the soul prism, which had been showing signs of breaking, seemed to stabilize itself. Like coming up for air after a long dive, the man suddenly stirred, breathing in a huge breath of air.
Javelin hardly had time to register a cool hand gripping the back of his neck before he found himself standing at the other end of the room, with Raven between him and the chained man, also know as the Blood Hound.
Javelin looked over Raven's shoulder, and for the first time he actually took in the features of the captured assassin; the man's hair was short and ill-kept but the dark brown locks still framed his paled face quiet nicely, his skin was pale and his eyes were a striking light green. A couple of gruesome scars across his cheek were the only things that actually prevented the man from being considered handsome. That and his terrified expression.
Javelin frowned; the man looked familiar somehow. Javelin wanted to move closer to take a better look but Raven held out an arm to stop him. "Even with the Limiters in his chains, the physical strength of a low Champion is not something you should underestimate," she warned him. Javelin shook his head. "I know, but he looks so familiar. . . ."
Raven spun around and fixed her gaze on the man. Without Javelin being able to catch her movements, she suddenly appeared in front of the would-be assassin, tilting the latter's head to face her. Raven's eyes seemed to peer into the very soul of the man, causing even Javelin to shudder while the man himself let out a soft whimper – he might have been jerked out of the state where his fear convinced himself to death, but Raven clearly still scared him.
Javelin almost couldn't help himself from chuckling at the sight of a full-grown man whimpering in front of the female nine-year-old that was his roommate, but Raven's next sentence stopped Javelin's laughter dead in his throat.
"How do you know Myrtus Willow, Mr. Hound?" she asked with narrowed eyes. "Or should I call you by your clan name as well, Mr. Willow Hound?"
9 thoughts on "Chapter 68: Fighting Nocebo"
Well crap. That was not what I was expecting… Good job, you got me with this one.
Thanks for the chapter! Good luck trying to get a chapter out tomorrow.
eimeeinkari
ZOOOOMMMMGGGGG!!!!! THE CLIFFS
and only one edit that I saw:
Am not so naive that I'd ask you to fight a low Champion without harming him >> I'm not so naive
This chapter was glorious Javelin's sarcastic comment and ravens blunt responses glorious…
That cliff at the end though…
And I can't find any errors that haven't been covered… I only looked through three times but there are usually at least some I see…(Though usually someone gets them sooner than me)
Raven is scaaary. She will do terrifying things to those that try to harm her friends.
Tsk, tsk, tsk Mr. Willow losing a valuable person. Soon he will loose more.
kirindas
Thanks for the new chapter!
biglittlehelper
sounds like he was sent to end the rainbow lovin
ricecal
"They don't seem compatible with me. Even after I _manege_ to learn how to use them, their effects are always dismal – and they're getting worse too. . . ."
=> managed
=> comma => …getting worse, too. . . ."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Карл Андреас Анкер (; 13 сентября 1828, Копенгаген — 16 ноября 1857, там же) — датский поэт, основатель Стипендии Анкера — гранта на обучение за границей датских художников, скульпторов, писателей и композиторов.

Биография
Карл Анкер родился в семье оптового торговца тканями Андреаса Анкера и его жены Хенриетты Акселины, урождённой Хамбро. Его мать умерла, когда он был ещё ребёнком, и поэтому он воспитывался бабушкой по материнской линии, вдовой художника-мариниста Хамбро. Затем он обучался в школе Марибо, где он начал интересоваться искусством и писать стихи. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын пошёл по его стопам и стал коммерсантом. Однако Карл больше тяготел к фермерскому делу. Окончив школу в 1843 году, Анкер начал своё обучение сельскому хозяйству. В 1847 он проходил обучение на частной ферме Софиенборг, что на окраине Хиллерёда. Позже он совершил поездки в Германию, Швейцарию и Венгрию. Основное образование Анкер получил в сельскохозяйственном институте в Хоэнхайме. Вернувшись в Данию, он поселился в поместье Мёркхёйгор, близ Гладсаксе, которое в 1851 году для него приобрёл отец. В 1853 под псевдонимом Beppo Анкер опубликовал сборник стихов «Поэту Х. К. Андерсену посвящается» в пользу дохода высшей школы в Рёддинге, но сборник не получил высокой оценки. После смерти отца в 1854 году Анкер получил в наследство крупное состояние и переехал в Копенгаген. Будучи богатым человеком, он, в основном, путешествовал, руководствуясь в своих передвижениях интересом к искусству.

Карл Анкер страдал расстройством мозга, сопровождавшимся параличом и судорогами. 24 августа 1857 года он женился на Августе Фредерикке фон Шульц из Хельсинборга. Вскоре после женитьбы Анкер составил завещание, в котором указывалось, что часть завещаемых средств предназначается для создания стипендиального фонда для образовательных путешествий за границу датских художников, скульпторов, писателей и композиторов.

Карл Анкер скончался 16 ноября 1857 года от инсульта.

Примечания

Меценаты Дании
Поэты Дании

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mate, o more precisely yerba mate, is a national hot drink, that is drunk in Argentina even more than coffee.
Mate, o more precisely yerba mate, is a national hot drink, that is drunk in Argentina even more than coffee. The plant itself is nothing extraordinary, the leaf is harvested in Argentine Northeastern region, and the provinces of Misiones and Corrientes are the biggest producers. When Spaniards ventured around this region, they started drinking mate because the guaraní aboriginal inhabitants had drunk it for a long time.
Jesuits were the first to become interested in the plant in the 17th century: they started to grow this plant in a more systematic way not so wildly to start marketing it. And, eventually, the consumption increased to extend geographically along Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, Southern Brazil and Paraguay, which has become a great producer. A peculiarity: after Uruguay and Brazil, Syria is the main importer of Argentine yerba mate.
There is always a good excuse to prepare it. In fact, if you are invited to an Argentine home, they will offer to drink mate before offering coffee (which is a more common tradition in the cities and Buenos Aires). Mate has several therapeutic properties: laxative, diuretic, antioxidant, it is even said that mate prevents cavities.
You mustn't forget to put the metal straw before pouring the water into the pumpkin. It is a sort of metal straw that helps to filter any herb before its aspiration. Then, you should leave it to rest (actually, you should leave to rest at least two minutes) and then, you can enjoy mate sucking the straw.
Its appearance may disconcert the amateurs: a mate and a straw are a very common couple, each one will take a sip before passing it to their left (always) neighbor. The best way to enjoy mate is to do it with friends or family as the interest or importance lies in the ritual of the consumption which has become a moment of sharing.
You will see groups of five or six people (rarely more) "taking turns" for mate, and one person is in charge of refilling the mate with hot water every two turns. After a while, the herb will lose its flavor and it is time to start from the beginning of the process with new yerba mate! It may last hours… If you are in a round, you must take a sip and pass it to your neighbor; and it will be enough to say "thank you" when mate arrives into your hand and you will not be offered again!


Congressman John Conyers has introduced HR 551 (the Civic Participation and Rehabilitation Act of 2002). It presently has 23 co-sponsors. This bill would secure the federal voting rights of persons who have been released from incarceration.
The bill points out that nearly four million felons are presently disenfranchised, three-fourths of whom are on probation or parole or are otherwise ex-offenders. It also points out that 13% of African-American males cannot vote and that Hispanics are also overly disenfranchised. The bill would restore voting rights to ex-felons, while still denying that right to those in correctional facilities (unless a particular state allows those incarcerated to vote).
It is necessary that you contact your representative and request that he/she co-sponsor this legislation and/or demonstrate that he/she will vote "yes" if and when it comes up for a floor decision.


We chatted with our farm friends at Bowery about how to find the "chosen ones" when you're looking to pick-up some produce.
Bowery is the modern farming company growing food for a better future by revolutionizing agriculture. They grow non-GMO, leafy greens and herbs out of two indoor farms in the NYC-area. Because they control the entire process from seed to store, Bowery farms use zero pesticides, 95% less water, and are 100+ times more productive on the same footprint of land than traditional agriculture. Pretty cool, right?
We chatted with their team about how Bowery came to be, and how to find the "chosen ones" when you're looking to pick-up some produce.
Avoid googling 'home tips on ripening an avocado' and learn how to shop smart when you're in need of some fresh foods.
So how did the Bowery founders dream up this modern farm to fridge idea?
Agriculture sits at the epicenter of so many global issues today. Over 70% of our global water supply goes to agriculture, and the EPA reports that over 1 billion tons of pesticides are used in the US every year (80% of which are for agricultural use). It's also been cited that industrial farming practices have caused a loss of over 30% of the arable farmland in the last 40 years.
With these issues, our global population is projected to grow to more than 9 billion people by 2050, and according to the UN this means we'll need 50-70% more food to feed the population.
Got it, so when you say you're an indoor farm - what does that mean? Are you like a greenhouse?
Now exactly, but similar since we're both indoors. Bowery is a vertical farm. This means we grow produce in a controlled indoor environment with vertical rows under LED lights that mimic the spectrum of the sun!
What's the biggest misconception people have about picking out produce at the grocery store?
Most people's weekly grocery list includes a lettuce of some kind. And as you peruse the beautiful bunches of kale, chard, and even pre-packaged salad mixes, there's the assumption that you can just go home and toss it up.
We don't want to sound like your mom, but you missed a step. Washing! Washing produce isn't just about getting any dirt that may remain, but it removes most of the pesticides and can reduce – but not eliminate – bacteria that may be present.
Practically every vegetable in the grocery store has been treated with pesticides.
Yes, even certified organic produce is grown using organic pesticides, which just means they are derived from natural sources. Because Bowery grows in a completely controlled, indoor environment, we do not use any pesticides at all. While pesticides are a hot topic, the more dangerous problem with salads is actually the bacteria. This summer, more than 200 people got ill across the U.S. because of E. coli O157:H7 linked to romaine lettuce grown in Arizona.
If my greens say "pre-washed" are they actually good to go? What's the quality control standard on that?
Not exactly! It's speculated that many pre-washed salad greens contain harmful chemicals (eek!).
Here's what we recommend. Choose pre-washed lettuces and other vegetables from sources that have high food safety standards and certifications. Bowery Farming is Safe Quality Food certified, which means we have rigorous food safety standards. Every person that enters our indoor farm must wear sterile protective clothing and go through sanitation checks.
We grow all of our produce in controlled-environment indoor farms using a hydroponic growing system that recycles water and promotes sustainability. Since all produce is grown in closed space that minimizes opportunities for contamination (and uses zero pesticides), we don't even need to wash produce before it's harvested.
WTF is the Dirty Dozen and do I need to avoid eating it?
The Dirty Dozen is an annual list released by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) that shares the "dirtiest" and "cleanest" fruits and vegetables available to U.S. consumers. It's interesting if you want to learn about items with most pesticide residues, but again, if you're a savvy shopper and buying your produce from sources with high food safety standards and certifications, you shouldn't be worried!
If it's in the Clean Fifteen, do I really need to purchase organic?
The Clean Fifteen is the list from EWG that features produce items that tend to have the least pesticide residues.
Again, even most certified organic produce is grown using organic pesticides, it just means they are derived from natural sources. We recommend considering food safety safety standards and certifications from sources.
What are your top 3 tips on storing produce in your kitchen?
It doesn't get more local than growing in your own backyard… What are 3 things I should never do if I decide to grow my own fruits and veggies at home?
This biggest feedback we've heard from our agricultural scientists: don't get too eager at first!
It is very tempting to go out and buy all the fruits and veggies, but start small.
Do research on the plant's lighting needs, and become an expert in one field first.
All this talk about produce has us hangry…. What's a quick and healthy recipe I can make tonight?
Kale and escarole aren't the only greens you should be wilting in your favorite soups this fall! We're obsessed with adding Bowery's spicy, mature arugula to recipes, like our Spicy Poblano, Butternut, and Arugula Soup.
Last, but not least, what's your favorite Dang snack?
I'm a classic Dang Coconut Chip fangirl. They're great on their own, but also add that perfect element of surprise when added to a smoothie or salad.
What's your #1 tip on produce? We'd love to hear from you in the comments!


text:
Q: Azure Python App Function no longer runs locally - module 'azure.functions_worker' has no attribute 'start_async' I have built an Azure App function in Python which was running fine locally within the virtual environment, and also worked fine when published to Azure.  I have come back to it now to do some further work, and when trying to run locally I get the below errors. There isn't much if anything available online that helps me understand why this error is occurring? I Have not changed the local code yet.
Python version
PS C:\temp\python_function> python --version
Python 3.7.1

Command to run
PS C:\temp\python_function> func host start

Result
[16/04/2019 1:11:51 AM] Starting language worker process:python  "C:\Users\jmatson\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\azure-functions-core-tools\bin\workers\python\worker.py" --host 127.0.0.1 --port 60810 --workerId 0d7f3e36-a0a2-4478-aa49-c46e2c48cb77 --requestId 0e417fc7-eccb-4fcb-b889-b197ecfad53d --grpcMaxMessageLength 134217728
[16/04/2019 1:11:51 AM] python process with Id=15040 started
[16/04/2019 1:11:51 AM] Adding dependency download request to python language worker
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] Traceback (most recent call last):
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]   File "C:\Users\jmatson\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\azure-functions-core-tools\bin\workers\python\worker.py", line 37, in main
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]     return aio_compat.run(azure.functions_worker.start_async(
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] AttributeError: module 'azure.functions_worker' has no attribute 'start_async'
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] Traceback (most recent call last):
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]   File "C:\Users\jmatson\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\azure-functions-core-tools\bin\workers\python\worker.py", line 46, in <module>
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]     main()
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]   File "C:\Users\jmatson\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\azure-functions-core-tools\bin\workers\python\worker.py", line 37, in main
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM]     return aio_compat.run(azure.functions_worker.start_async(
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] AttributeError: module 'azure.functions_worker' has no attribute 'start_async'
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] Language Worker Process exited.
[16/04/2019 1:11:52 AM] python exited with code 1
 AttributeError: module 'azure.functions_worker' has no attribute 'start_async'.

Code added below:
import logging
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import boto3
import uuid
import io
import os
import json
import requests
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import azure.functions as func
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter1d
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline, BSpline
from scipy.interpolate import spline
from pandas.plotting import register_matplotlib_converters
from matplotlib.dates import MonthLocator

register_matplotlib_converters()

def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
    logging.info('Python HTTP trigger function processed a request.')
    sns.set_style("dark")

    rowcount = req.params.get('rows')
    if not rowcount:
        try:
            req_body = req.get_json()
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            rowcount = req_body.get('rows')

    if rowcount:
        rowcount = int(rowcount)

        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        api_url = f'https://<removed>.execute-api.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/Prod/tables/<removed>/all?&server=P781S001&ordercol=daily_sales_date&order=DESC&rowlimit={str(rowcount)}'
        response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            json_data = json.loads(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
        else:
            return func.HttpResponse(
                "Couldn't contact the InSite API. No data returned.",
                status_code=400
            )

        print os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY']
        dates = [i['daily_sales_date'] for i in json_data]
        values = [i['daily_sales'] for i in json_data]

        df = pd.DataFrame({'dates':dates, 'values':values})
        df['dates']  = [pd.to_datetime(i) for i in df['dates']]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots()

        ax.plot(df['dates'].values, df['values'].values)
        ax.set(xlabel='date', ylabel='sales ($)',
            title='Sales from ' + str(min(df['dates'].values)) + ' to ' + str(max(df['dates'].values)))
        ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MonthLocator())
        ax.grid()

        session = boto3.Session(
            aws_access_key_id='',
            aws_secret_access_key='',
        )
        s3 = session.resource('s3')

        img_data = io.BytesIO()
        plt.savefig(img_data, format='png')
        img_data.seek(0)

        s3.Bucket('api-dev-jupyter-notebook-s3').put_object(Key='graph_sales.png', ContentType='image/png', Body=img_data, ACL='public-read')
        return func.HttpResponse(f"You requested {rowcount} rows. Sample data {dates[0]} {str(values[0])}")
    else:
        return func.HttpResponse(
             "This method requires you to state the amount of rows you want to query. E.g. rows=20.",
             status_code=400
        )

A: "UnInstall azure cli core tools and install using choclatey
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-run-local#v2
It works fine !. Hope that helps."
Reference : https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/azure-docs/issues/24489#issuecomment-463158145

A: Problem solved. While generally available internet documentation states you can use the below to launch your Python virtual environment on Windows:
Launch virtualenv
In your Command Prompt navigate to your project:

cd your_project
Within your project:

virtualenv env
Activate your virtualenv:

on Windows, virtualenv creates a batch file

\env\Scripts\activate.bat
to activate virtualenv on Windows, activate script is in the Scripts folder :

\path\to\env\Scripts\activate

This doesn't appear to work and causes (at least) the errors I've observed. Instead, I have followed the explicit instructions within the Microsoft article - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-create-first-function-python which does work.
PS C:\temp\python_function> py -3.6 -m venv .env
PS C:\temp\python_function> .env\scripts\activate
(.env) PS C:\temp\python_function> func host start

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: how to grab specific data from an api call in RXJava Hi I have a question I want to grab specific data about the title and product id from a list in a data class as shown what should I need to write in the shared preference call to grab this data I have shown in the image.
The image I have selected is from the debug when pulling the information out of the function in my viewmodel.
I want to try get productid and title from this "it.data" but data is a
var data: List<Data>,

My Viewmodel
class HomeFragmentVM(

    private val spManager: SPManager,
    private val repository: Repository
) : AbstractViewModel() {

    private val washingMachine = MutableLiveData<Post>()

    fun getWashingMachines() {
        launch {
            repository.getPost()
                .doOnSubscribe {

                }
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe({
                    washingMachine.value = it
//                    spManager.saveTitleID()
                }, {
                })
        }
    }

my Data data class
data class Data (
    @SerializedName("productId")
    var productid: Int,
    @SerializedName("title")
    var title: String?,

)

My post data class
data class Post(
    @SerializedName("products")
    var data: List<Data>
)

So Im wondering how can i grab the productid and title and to save it via sharedpreference manager Many Thanks :)


text:
Swedish Club Hammarby To Run The Rule Over 'Next Akinkunmi Amoo' In Lagos Next Month
Allnigeriasoccer.com can confirm that Mikael Hjelmberg, chief scout of Hammarby, will travel to Lagos next month to run the rule over the 'next Akinkunmi Amoo' with a view to a possible move to the Swedish Allsvenskan side as from the January transfer window.
Hjelmberg will be accompanied on the trip by renowned Swedish agent Patrick Mork, who used to look after former Kalmar striker Abiola Daudu, and is the executive director of Global Soccer Management.
As part of the deal taking Amoo to Hammarby, an agreement was reached with Sidos Football Academy that will see the talent spotters of the Swedish club visit Nigeria twice a year to scout for promising players.
The first part of the scouting programme is ongoing in various locations in Nigeria and the players judged to be outstanding will be further evaluated by Hjelmberg and Mork upon their arrival in Lagos on November 12.
The final part of the scouting programme which comes to a conclusion on November 20 is scheduled to hold at the National Stadium in Surulere, Lagos.
Sporting Directors of Watford, Udinese and Granada have been invited by Sidos FC to attend the scouting programme next month.
Ifeanyi Emmanuel


Duration: Friday mornings 10.00 - 12.30.
Mixed ability class in drawing and painting exploring traditional and modern approaches through individual project work. Beginners are introduced to a variety of materials and observational skills to gain confidence, whilst those with more experience are encouraged to follow individual project work supported with ongoing guidance. Materials range from pencil, charcoal and pastel to gouache, acrylic and oil painting on a range of papers, canvas and board.


This is for one-pair of Stay Puts™ in blue.
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This ultra soft silicone material is extremely comfortable for children or even adults! Simply sleek and stylish for you!
3 easy steps to enjoying your glasses ! It is very easy to install.
Step 1 - slide over the end of your glasses.
Step 2 - rotate to fit rest against your head.
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Brand new! From babies, to toddlers, teenagers, to adults ... you will love this! If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us!
4-Pack of Stay Puts™ - Build your own!


Dungeon Lords Collectors Edition GERMAN FASiSO Torrent Downloads - download free torrents!
zahlreichen Waffen und Zaubern bekaempft werden.
2. Burn or mount the ISO with your favorite software.
3. Install the game and play.
because we think that scene means that every game should be released.


text:
Episode: Locked On Pistons - 7/2/19 - Tim Frazier Joins The Pistons; Who Could Be Next?
Podcast: Locked On Pistons - Daily Podcast On The Detroit Pistons
Locked On Pistons - 7/2/19 - Tim Frazier Joins The Pistons; Who Could Be Next?
July 2, 2019, 5:04 pm
Tim Frazier has joined the Pistons. We have reaction, free agent updates and we hear from voicemailers.
— Locked On Pistons - Daily Podcast On The Detroit Pistons
Locked On Pistons - Daily Podcast On The Detroit Pistons > Locked On Pistons - 12/10/18 - The Week From Hell: Frustrating Losses Bring All The Old Pistons' Concerns
Philadelphia and New Orleans came to Detroit, pretty much without their best players, and still earned weekend wins at Little Caesars Arena. We wrestle with the biggest takeaways from those games, and have a little trade talk. Chris from Detroit also tells us his favorite under the radar Piston from the past and we update what's been going on with Philly since Friday...
Locked On Pistons - Daily Podcast On The Detroit Pistons > Locked On Pistons - 7/2/18 - Glenn Robinson III Lowdown And Pistons Salary Cap Struggles
The Detroit Pistons made a surprisingly early jump into NBA free agency, agreeing to terms with former Michigan star Glenn Robinson III. The two-year deal with the former slam dunk champion is a rarity for the Pistons, who don't have the salary cap space to make too many free agent deals in the coming years...
Locked On Pistons - Daily Podcast On The Detroit Pistons > 37: LOCKED ON PISTONS -- 10/13/2016 -- What Pop told Boban, SVG's practice strategy and season overview


text:
Déjà Vu: Cam Bishop Acquires Ascend Event Media
HIL ANDERSON, SENIOR EDITOR
Overland Park, KS – Cameron Bishop returned to the offices of Ascend Event Media outside Kansas City September 1 after he and his partners at the equity firm TGP Investments, LLC acquired the company that Bishop founded in 2002.
Terms of the acquisition of Ascend Event Media from Ascend Media Holdings were not announced. The firm produces show dailies and other event-related communications. Berkery Noyes was the financial advisor to Ascend Media Holdings on the sale.
"Same offices, same phone number and just about all of the same people," Bishop told Trade Show Executive during his first day back since 2007, when he stepped down as CEO of Ascend Media amid a company-wide restructuring. "There are also about nine million things that need to be done."
The trade show industry has changed rapidly in recent years as events have become increasingly wrapped around social media, handheld wireless devices and e-mail blasts. Bishop said Ascend Event Media was already running with the ball by providing services ranging from Twitter account management and its Event365 products to the print show dailies.
"As the trade show industry has evolved with media and technology, it has actually moved Ascend's business right into the sweet spot of where media is going," Bishop said. "We have a very unique and sophisticated company that can create and manage content for clients."
The need is for content that will keep attendees engaged in the show not only while it is underway but long before it begins and long after it ends. That workload can be more than some associations or show management firms can handle on their own.
"We're finding that their need to communicate with their constituents and the customers on a regular basis is an increasingly important part of their overall strategy," Bishop said. "But they are finding out that it is a very labor-intensive process and requires a very experienced skills set. We can provide that capability for them because we do it full-time and our ramp-up times are much faster."
Reach Cam Bishop at (913) 469-1110 or cbishop@ascendmedia.com


The Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC) is comprised of Anderson Township residents who have an interest in issues facing Anderson Township that involve the transportation of goods, services and people throughout the Township, Hamilton County and the Cincinnati region.
The Committee performs an advisory role to the Board of Township Trustees by providing recommendations on transportation decisions involving Anderson Township. Additionally, the TAC works to implement the Anderson Trails plan and its related projects.


text:
Americans' Abortion Views Steady in Past Year
by Lydia Saad
Americans still closely split between "pro-choice" and "pro-life"
Public more evenly divided than usual about morality of abortion
Largest segment continues to hold middle position on legality
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans' overall stance on abortion has been stable in recent years, with the 48% calling themselves "pro-choice" and 46% "pro-life" similar to the close division on this measure observed most years since 2010.
Line graph. Trend from 1995 to 2020 in the percentages of Americans identifying as either pro-choice or pro-life on the abortion issue. After leaning strongly pro-choice in 1995 (56%), the public became moderately more pro-choice than pro-life from 1996 to 2009. Since then attitudes have been closely split, including this year when 48% identify as pro-choice and 46% as pro-life.
For the past decade, an average of 47% of Americans have identified as pro-choice and 47% as pro-life. Almost every poll conducted during those years has revealed a close division in identification -- except in 2015, when the public tilted pro-choice, and in 2012, when it was more pro-life. Before that, from 1995 to 2009, the public leaned more pro-choice than pro-life by 49% to 43%, on average.
The latest results are from Gallup's 2020 Values and Beliefs poll, conducted May 1-13 by telephone with a random national sample of U.S. adults.
Americans Also Split on Morality of Abortion
The survey also finds Americans closely divided when asked about the morality of abortion: 44% call it morally acceptable and 47% morally wrong. This three-percentage-point difference is slightly smaller than the average five-point gap seen since 2013.
Line graph. Trend from 2001 to 2020 in the percentages of Americans describing abortion as morally acceptable or morally wrong. Most years the morally wrong position has led by a significant margin, but in 2020 views are closely split with 47% calling it morally wrong and 44% morally acceptable.
Largest Opinion Bloc Still Wants Abortion Legal With Restrictions
Gallup's longest trend on abortion asks Americans if the procedure should be legal in all circumstances, legal only under certain circumstances or illegal in all circumstances.
Consistent with the trend since 1975, a plurality of Americans choose the middle position, saying abortion should be legal only under certain circumstances (50%). However, nearly as many hold one of two doctrinaire views -- wanting abortion legal under any circumstances (29%) or wanting it illegal in all circumstances (20%).
Line graph. Trend from 1975 to 2020 in preferences for whether abortion should be legal under any circumstances, legal only under certain circumstances or illegal in all circumstances. Since 1975 half or more of Americans have consistently said it should be legal only under certain circumstances.
Since 1994, Gallup has clarified Americans' views on the legality of abortion by asking those who think abortion should be legal under certain circumstances to say whether they should be legal in "most circumstances" or "only in a few circumstances." The middle group breaks heavily for the more restrictive position, resulting in 14% saying abortion should be legal under most circumstances and 35% in only a few circumstances.
All told, then, 55% of Americans favor a more restrictive approach to abortion, and 43% favor a less restrictive approach. This 12-point gap -- which is down from 22 points in 2019 -- is larger than the gaps seen on the other abortion measures, perhaps reflective of the complexity of the issue.
Bar graph. Americans views on the legality of abortion. 29% of Americans say abortion should be legal under any circumstances. 50% say it should be legal under certain circumstances and 20% say it should be illegal under all circumstances.
Abortion Views Differ by Politics and Demographics
As indicated by their preferred abortion label, Americans' views on abortion differ by a number of demographic and political factors, including gender, education, household income, ideology and party identification.
The political gaps in people's identification on abortion are most notable, with Republicans and Democrats being mirror images of each other: Seven in 10 Republicans identify as pro-life, while the same proportion of Democrats say they are pro-choice. An even wider gulf is seen between self-identified conservatives (77% pro-life) and liberals (78% pro-choice), with moderates tending toward the pro-choice position (55%).
Large differences are also seen by income and education, with the highest education and income groups being substantially more likely than others to be pro-choice. Smaller gaps are seen by gender and age, with women and younger adults being more pro-choice than their counterparts.
There are insufficient numbers of Black, Hispanic or Asian Americans in the sample to examine their views separately, but there is no significant difference in identification as pro-choice or pro-life between non-Hispanic white Americans and all other Americans.
Americans' Stance on the Abortion Issue in 2020, by Subgroup
With respect to the abortion issue, would you consider yourself to be pro-choice or pro-life?
Mixed/Both/Neither
U.S. adults
Non-Hispanic white
Nonwhite
Not college graduate
Gallup, May 1-13, 2020
Unlike other social attitudes in the U.S. -- such as on gay marriage, the legalization of marijuana and even polygamy -- Americans' views on the legality of abortion are not evolving but staying roughly where they have been for nearly a half-century. Americans' association with the "pro-choice" and "pro-life" labels has shifted somewhat in that time, but preferences on this have been closely divided over the past decade. Given the extreme partisan gaps behind this division, abortion policy is going to continue to remain controversial at the state and federal levels, as well as face continued challenges in the courts.
View complete question responses and trends (PDF download).
Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted May 1-13, 2020, with a random sample of 1,028 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. For results based on the total sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error is ±4 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. All reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.
USA Abortion All Gallup Headlines Ethics and Morals Government Government and Politics Moral Issues Politics
Americans Remain More Liberal Socially Than Economically
Americans remain more likely to identify as social and economic conservatives or moderates than liberals.
U.S. National Pride Falls to Record Low
American pride has fallen to its lowest point in two decades of measurement by Gallup. Currently, 42% of U.S. adults are "extremely proud" to be American, and 21% are "very proud."
Americans Still Unclear on Public Support for Gay Marriage
U.S. adults increasingly believe the American public supports same-sex marriage, with 48% saying so -- a higher percentage than Gallup found in three polls over the prior decade.
Potential Impact of Trump's Public Pro-Life Stance
Trump's appearance at a pro-life rally underscores the importance he puts on pro-life voters, but many among his base have mixed views on abortion.
Gallup https://news.gallup.com/poll/313094/americans-abortion-views-steady-past-year.aspx


text:
Celebrating the Scoliosis SOS Clinic's 13th Birthday
erika scoliosis sos news
The Scoliosis SOS Clinic was founded by Erika Maude on 29 May 2006 - which means we're 13 today!
We've achieved a lot in the last 13 years. Here are just a few highlights:
We've made Schroth method-based scoliosis therapy readily available to people in the UK
We've relocated from Suffolk to London in order to make our treatment courses more accessible
We've treated scoliosis patients from all over the world
We've presented scientific research at a number of international scoliosis conferences
We've won a Queen's Award for Enterprise
We've received a lot of news coverage and even appeared on national TV!
Most importantly, though, we've helped thousands of people with scoliosis to take control of their condition, keep doing the things they love, and - in many cases - completely avoid undergoing spinal fusion surgery.
We'd like to say a huge THANK YOU to all the patients (and their families) who have visited the Scoliosis SOS Clinic over the past 13 years. It's been a huge honour to meet and help so many of you - long may it continue!
About Scoliosis SOS Book a Consultation
Hippocrates: Scoliosis Revolutionary?
The history of scoliosis therapy can be traced all the way back to ancient Greece.
More specifically, scoliosis treatment has its roots in the 5th century BC and one man in particular: Greek physician Hippocrates (c. 460 – 370 BC).
Who was Hippocrates?
The mid-to-late 5th century BC was a turbulent time for the Hellenic people.
From 431 to 404 BC, the country was entrenched in a titanic war between the Delian League of Athens and the Peloponnesian League of Sparta. Meanwhile, Athens was also suffering from a devastating plague, which wreaked havoc in the city periodically between 430 and 426 BC.
In short, it was a dark time for Greece. But this was also the period that gave us Hippocrates, often referred to as the 'father of medicine'.
Born on the island of Kos around 460 BC, Hippocrates was the son of a physician and is believed to have learned the trade from his father. Among his long list of medical achievements, Hippocrates is heralded as the first person to theorise that diseases and ailments were caused by environmental factors and not the result of superstition or an act of the gods.
He's also the namesake of the 'Hippocratic Oath': the pledge taken by doctors declaring their moral and ethical obligations to their patients as medical practitioners.
Hippocrates and Scoliosis
Separating medicine from religion would probably have been enough on its own to secure Hippocrates's place in history, but his achievements go far beyond that. Notably, he was also a key figure in the history of spinal treatment, and he is believed to have been the first physician to focus on the anatomy and pathology of the human spine.
Through his revolutionary study of the spinal structure and vertebrae, Hippocrates's work led to the pioneering identification of many spine-related diseases – including scoliosis.
Hippocrates is commonly credited as the person who coined the term 'scoliosis' and the first to try treating this condition.
Hippocratic Scoliosis Treatment
From his unprecedented study of orthopaedics, Hippocrates created three pieces of equipment to treat spinal ailments: namely the Hippocratic ladder, the Hippocratic board, and the Hippocratic bench.
Hippocratic Ladder
Intended to reduce spinal curvatures, the Hippocratic ladder treatment required the patient to be elevated and tied to the ladder upright or head down (depending on the where the curvature lay). The patient would then be shaken on the ladder, with the gravitational pull theoretically straightening the spine.
Hippocratic Board
Similar to the ladder, treatment via the Hippocratic board involved the patient being tied to the board; however, this time, the patient was required to be prone, lying face down and flat. The physician would then apply pressure to the affected area of the spine using a hand, foot, or even the entire weight of the body.
Hippocratic Bench
Also known as the Hippocratic scamnum, the bench technique saw the patient lie face down on a bench similar to the board technique above. A smaller wooden board was then inserted into a pre-made hole in the wall, leaving the plank protruding out above the patient's back. An assistant would then apply pressure on the end of the plank while the physician manoeuvred the board along the body.
Like many ancient treatments, these techniques naturally seem archaic, even barbaric by today's standards. Nevertheless, these apparatuses – based on the principles of axial traction and three-point correction – were hugely innovative at the time, and they had a profound influence on the direction of spinal treatment to follow.
Luckily, medical science has come a long way since the days of Hippocrates, and there are now a variety of comfortable and safe non-surgical scoliosis treatments available. At Scoliosis SOS, our team of friendly, skilled therapists offer patients specialised scoliosis treatment that's specifically designed to enhance your quality of life.
Our Treatment Method Contact Scoliosis SOS
Scoliosis and Menopause
Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, although it can come earlier or later. Symptoms of the menopause can be quite unpleasant at times; many women experience hot flushes, night sweats and depression (to name a few).
The arrival of the menopause also tends to trigger a loss of bone density. This is known as osteoporosis, and unfortunately, it can increase your risk of developing a curvature of the spine - especially if you already had bad postural habits.
Retaining your bone strength
There are a few ways to slow down the rate at which your bones weaken once you've reached menopause. The NHS recommend:
Eating a healthy, nutrient-rich diet
Increasing your vitamin D levels (i.e. spending more time in the sun)
Reducing your alcohol intake
Taking calcium / vitamin D supplements
Treating your scoliosis
Even if you do all the things listed above, you may still find that your spine is developing a curve. The good news is that there are plenty of different treatment options that can help you to improve the look and feel of your back.
Read our Scoliosis Treatment in Adults blog to see some of the different treatment options that are available at this stage of life. Most often, you will be offered one or a combination of the following treatments:
What do we have to offer?
Here at the Scoliosis SOS clinic, we have treated lots of women who were suffering from adult degenerative scoliosis. Our exercise-based ScolioGold therapy programme is tailored to each patient's scoliosis curvature so that we can help them to achieve their specific treatment goals.
Our physical therapy courses may be able to:
Relieve pain in your back
Boost your mobility / flexibility
Reduce the visibility of your curvature
If you have any questions about scoliosis treatment, please feel free to get in touch with our specialist team, who will be able to advise you on the best course of action.
Enquire About ScolioGold Treatment Today >
Scoliosis and Heart Problems
As we've discussed on this blog previously, scoliosis is generally not considered a life-threatening condition. A curved spine can cause a great deal of pain and discomfort (among other complications), but cases where the patient's very life is at risk are vanishingly few and far between.
Leaving out the risk of suicide - see Scoliosis and Depression - the only exceptions occur when scoliosis is allowed to progress to the point where the body is so distorted that vital organs can no longer function properly.
Can scoliosis affect your heart?
In the vast majority of cases, no. If your condition is closely monitored and treated in a timely manner, you should never come anywhere near the point where your scoliosis begins to cause heart problems.
Theoretically, however, scoliosis can affect the heart if the curvature goes untreated and progresses unabated over an extended period of time. A severely curved spine can distort the rib cage, and a severely distorted rib cage can leave the heart and lungs with too little room to beat / inflate.
Thus, heart failure is a possible outcome of severe progressive scoliosis - but again, it's important to bear in mind that is an extremely rare occurrence.
Treat your scoliosis early!
The symptoms and complications associated with scoliosis vary enormously from one patient to the next - pain isn't always proportional to the angle of one's curve - but nevertheless, it's always better to catch the condition early and seek treatment right away than to let it progress.
Here at the Scoliosis SOS Clinic, we provide non-surgical scoliosis therapy for patients of all ages and curves of all sizes. Here's an example of a patient who came to us for early (almost pre-emptive) treatment after her older brother ended up requiring spinal fusion surgery:
Call Scoliosis SOS on 0207 488 4428 or use the links below to find out more about our ScolioGold treatment courses.
Upcoming Course Dates > Book an Initial Consultation >
Exploring the Cost-Effectiveness of an Intensive Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercise Programme in a UK Adult Population
Erika Maude, our Clinic Principal, delivered a scientific presentation to the 2019 SOSORT conference in San Francisco last week.
Watch the video below to see her presentation in full.
Erika Maude: Hello everybody, and thank you for having me along today. This is a continuation of the research that my colleague Jason Black first presented in Lyon two years ago looking at the cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy for adults with scoliosis.
Introduction - Health Economics
Adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis have been shown to present with impaired health-related quality of life. Therefore, in health systems globally, a key objective of treatment is to improve quality of life whilst maintaining cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness of PSSEs [physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises] has not been researched, and thus conclusions about whether or not they are a viable economic alternative to surgery or bracing for healthcare systems cannot be made.
In the UK, the National Health Service offers spinal fusion surgery as the only treatment for adults with idiopathic scoliosis. They treat about 360 cases per year, each costing £24,853. Under cost-utility analysis, cost-effective analysis estimates the cost of treatment. It is used to inform funding decisions based on the benefit of treatment versus how much it costs. It requires extrapolation of data because it estimates the lifetime benefits of treatment.
Introduction - QALYs
The primary outcome of cost-utility analysis is the cost per quality-adjusted life year, or 'QALY' for short - otherwise known as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which I'll come onto a bit more in a moment. QALYs analyse both the quality and the quantity of life years, where (rather morbidly) 0 equals death and 1 equals perfect health. QALY are accumulative, and thus a 0.2 QALY improvement lasting for 5 years equals 1 QALY for the patient.
The ICER [incremental cost-effectiveness ratio] is calculated as the difference in the expected cost of Intervention A compared to Intervention B divided by the difference in the expected QALYs produced by Intervention A and Intervention B. Generally, it is considered that the interventions costing the UK's National Health Service less than £30,000 per QALY gained are deemed to be cost-effective.
Introduction - EQ-5D
The EQ-5D is the measure preferred by the UK's National Institute of Clinical Excellence [NICE] for comparing cost-effectiveness. It's a descriptive system, and it defines health-related quality of life in terms of five dimensions:
Responses to each of these dimensions are divided into three levels (1st, no problems; 2nd, some to moderate problems; and 3rd, severe to extreme problems), thus generating a total of 243 possible health states. On the left is an example EQ-5D form, which can only be used with licensed permission.
The aim of this study was to explore the cost-effectiveness of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises for adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis using an intensive, group-based therapy approach.
183 consecutively-recruited UK-based adult patients (with an average age of 38.5 years at the start of treatment) attending the Scoliosis SOS Clinic in London for intensive ScolioGold treatment filled out the EQ5D5L questionnaire at 5 different time points:
6 months check-up
12 months check-up
The EQ-5D results were then converted into QALYs using assumptions about the duration of treatment effect. A linear regression model was then used to statistically analyse the results.
Results - Response Rate
Due to the method of data collection, consecutive nature of patient recruitment, and time limitations imposed by the 3-year EQ5D5L licence, 100% of the participants completed the questionnaire pre-treatment, 91% immediately post-treatment, 68% at their 6-month check-up, with 51% at both 12- and 18-month check-ups.
Results - EQ5D5L Scores
Before treatment, the average EQ-5D score was 0.773, and immediately after treatment, this increased to an average of 0.881. At 6 months, the average was 0.862, and at both 12 and 18 months check-up, the average was maintained at 0.863. All of these changes were statistically significant.
Results - Calculation of QALYs
Although patient scores were statistically much improved at 12 and 18 months post-treatment, due to the fewer number of patients who reached the later time points, reliable data was only available up to 6 months following treatment, and therefore an assumption on the persistence of the treatment effect is required for later time points. To look at both extremes: assuming that the treatment benefit ended after just six months, additional QALYs were 0.045, which means that the ICER would be £90,000 per QALY. However, assuming that the treatment effect continued for 43.8 years (the average life expectancy of the patients in this study), then additional QALYs were 3.899, meaning the ICER would fall to just £1,000 per QALY.
Therefore, to meet NICE's requirements for health economics, the effects of treatment would need to persist for 1.5 years.
In conclusion, EQ-5D results improved with PSSE in adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis. If the treatment effect of the PSSEs persists for only 1.5 years, it is expected to be cost-effective in UK-based adults. Further long-term research is required to start planning for PSSE to become available within national healthcare services; with publication of these results, we hope to highlight that the input of physiotherapy in this patient group should warrant funding.
We are aware that there are several limitations to this study, namely lack of a control group, limited long-term follow-up, and no data on cost savings from exercise therapy.
More Scoliosis Research > About Erika and the Team >


ALTO being distributed through our own distribution arms in most big cities in Indonesia. We control our own vehicles and staffs to guarantee that our customers receive the products in good condition and meet their satisfactory level. ALTO is currently available in most of modern outlets such as hypermarket, supermarket & minimarket across the nation as well as in the various traditional markets (wholesale, retail & single shops).
Customer services Our customer base is very diverse ranging from individual customers with single bottle requirements to large multi national companies accounts with significant water needs. Each customer has their own specific requirements and the needs of each customer in the customer ba se are as important as all other customer. Therefore, in ALTO we are commited to an excellent customer service centre. You will always speak with a real life person when you call ALTO customer care.


Our mission: To help our customers reclaim the fun and excitement of their "video game playing youth" by revitalizing their old and worn-out systems and providing an easy to use online store that carries all the NES, SNES, SEGA, N64, Gamecube, Gameboy, and DS repair parts, games and accessories they desire. We hope you find our site helpful, whatever your needs. Thanks for shopping with Retro Video Game Repair and as always happy gaming!
Retro Video Game Repair is dedicated to restoring classic Nintendo Entertainment Systems to working condition. To achieve this goal, we have designed several unique services and products to help people around the world to get their NES working again. Our mail-in repair service and home repair kit for the NES have proven wildly successful with our customers, as well as our how-to-repair videos. To date, Retro-Video-Game-Repair.com has helped over 5000 customers repair and restore their NES system and games.
Beyond providing unique repair related products and services, Retro Video Game Repair guarantees to seek out desirable accessories for all of the classic Nintendo systems for our customers. We currently offer a mix of new and used accessory items that are hard to find, but necessary for a working system. The parts we seek out are of the highest possible quality, and are tested thoroughly before being sold.
Brian P. Coleman, the Founder & original President of Retro Video Game Repair fixed his first NES as a birthday present for his then girlfriend (who is now his wife - she must have liked the gift)! Dorky right? Well, her favorite game of all time is Super Mario Bros. 3, and her old NES had been out of commission for years. So, Brian did some research and tested a few used systems until he discovered the secrets to NES repair. Once he had fixed a few systems for other friends and family, he soon realized just how much people enjoyed playing their favorite NES games again. Before long, The Nintendo Repair Shop was born in 2005.
Over the years, while still dedicated to our original mission to restore each and every Nintendo Entertainment System to full working order, we added a wide variety of repair services for other games and systems as well as an extensive selection of classic gaming systems, accessories, replacement parts, and games.
In 2014 we changed our name from The Nintendo Repair Shop to Retro Video Game Repair at retro-video-game-repair.com, and at the end of that year, Brian left the company to pursue other interests. Marilyn Gist, who had been managing day-to-day operations all along, took over in 2015.
Retro Video Game Repair works hard each and every day to bring classic gaming back to life for you, your family and friends. Brian and Marilyn wouldn't have it any other way!


OVERLAND PARK, Kan. and REDMOND, Wash., May 16 -- In conjunction with today's national market launch of Sprint Business Mobility Framework by Sprint, Microsoft Corp. announced the available integration of the Microsoft® MapPoint® Location Server (MLS) with Sprint's network. Sprint becomes the first U.S.-based mobile operator to deliver real-time location services with MLS. 1-800-GOT-JUNK? LLC, North America's largest junk removal service, is among the first companies to benefit from integrating MLS and Sprint Business Mobility Framework capabilities into its business applications and processes.
MLS and Sprint Business Mobility Framework combine to create an easy platform for integrating real-time network services into line-of-business applications. Third-party application developers and business customers benefit from the Sprint Nationwide PCS network that now includes location, messaging and notification capabilities. Microsoft's rich set of development tools for building location-based applications and powerful mapping capabilities powers a wide range of applications, including those used for asset tracking, fleet management and mobile-worker dispatch based on real-time location information.
The MapPoint Location Server provides access to real-time location of mobile devices via applications that have been tested and certified for Sprint Business Mobility Framework, and acts as a proxy between business applications and MapPoint Web Service. Support of standards such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) removes traditional barriers associated with the adoption of location information into applications. MLS enforces user privacy preferences in the enterprise's network, giving the enterprise control of default privacy settings and a single platform for developers to connect to multiple wireless networks.
"Businesses are continually looking to improve their competitive edge, streamline processes and reduce costs," said Michael Graff, general manager of the Mobile Experience Team at Microsoft. "MLS leverages real-time location-based technology to improve business processes and efficiency through dispatching and tracking mobile assets and workers."
Sprint Business Mobility Framework offers a robust portfolio of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network-based capabilities, such as presence, cell sector location, precision location, Short Message Service (SMS) alerts, voice alerts, presence notification and location notification, enhancing mobile applications to meet advanced mobility requirements for communication between the enterprise and its mobile work force.
"Sprint Business Mobility Framework enhances communications with mobile workers to help businesses increase productivity, lower operating costs and increase customer satisfaction," said David Owens, vice president of marketing -- strategic markets, Sprint Business Solutions. "Solutions like MapPoint Location Server help us meet customer demand for incorporating real-time location information into corporate applications. We're excited to work with leading developers like Microsoft, their robust ISV and developer community, and others to make location and messaging real for businesses."
Independent software vendors and solution providers can target a wide range of businesses and opportunities, answer customers' demand for innovation, and leverage growing industry support for location-based services by using MLS' familiar developer environment to add real-time location intelligence to new and existing applications. Sprint Business Mobility Framework provides an open standards network gateway interface, enabling fast and seamless integration of applications with Sprint network services.
AppLocation Systems Inc., a Victoria, British Columbia-based ISV that specializes in developing innovative wireless and location-based solutions, helped 1-800-GOT-JUNK? become more efficient by building location information into its fleet tracking system. 1-800-GOT-JUNK? is North America's largest junk removal company, servicing 38 states. Working with Microsoft and Sprint in the U.S. and Bell Mobility Canada's network in Canada, AppLocation Systems built real-time location tracking capabilities into 1-800-GOT-JUNK?'s in-house job booking system. Real-time location information is used to efficiently route service calls by dispatching drivers based on their proximity to customer locations, along with providing point-to-point directions and maps for all their routes. As a result, 1-800-GOT-JUNK? expects to increase its efficiency, on-time pickups and cost savings, and improve customer satisfaction.
"We developed our Web-based pickup booking system to both provide our customers with an easy and efficient method for interacting with us, and to streamline our business operations," said Cameron Herold, chief operations officer of 1-800-GOT-JUNK? "Incorporating real-time location tracking scheduling and routing processes with MLS and Sprint was the obvious next step in continuing to provide the great service our customers have come to expect."
More information about Sprint Business Mobility Framework can be found at http://www.sprint.com/business .
MapPoint Location Server is available to customers with a valid license agreement for the MapPoint Web Service. More information on the MapPoint Web Service licensing model can be found at http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint/webservice/howtobuy.mspx . More information about the MapPoint Location Server can be found at http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/events/mappoint/default.asp .
Sprint offers an extensive range of innovative communication products and solutions, including global IP, wireless, local and multiproduct bundles. A Fortune 100 company with more than $27 billion in annual revenues in 2004, Sprint is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying state-of-the-art network technologies, including the United States' first nationwide all-digital, fiber-optic network; an award-winning Tier 1 Internet backbone; and one of the largest 100-percent digital, nationwide wireless networks in the United States. For more information, visit www.sprint.com/mr.


text:
Record identifies outstanding locals
Katelyn CullumFebruary 27, 20133 mins read
Forty of Waterloo Region's brightest have been acknowledged and celebrated for their contributions to the community and inspiration towards the next generation of leaders.
Waterloo Region's community newspaper, The Record, published their pick for the Top 40 Under 40, with three of the recipients sharing Wilfrid Laurier University as a connection.
Jim Moss, 35, is the founder and chief happiness officer for the Smile Epidemic. The initiative started in early 2012 and aims to create the happiest community on Earth by simply uploading a photo that states what you are grateful for.
Moss was acknowledged for his efforts in spreading happiness amidst the Waterloo community, as well as engaging Laurier students earlier this year by launching the first-ever "A Happier Campus Project," which has helped the Smile Epidemic differentiate and analyze the significance of publicly expressing gratitude and the impact of social reinforcement.
"I'm really quite honoured," said Moss, in regard to making the list. "It's a pretty cool group of people to be a part of."
Moss explained that being acknowledged by the Top 40 list will raise more awareness of the importance of the Smile Epidemic and encourage people to learn more and engage. "It instigates them to reach out and ask to learn more," he said.
Paul Maxwell, 28, is the founder and president of Maxwell's Music House, a full service music facility that has hosted over 1,600 events and helped over 400 students through their degrees.
Maxwell promotes and exposes the talent among locals in the community and raises awareness about the importance of youth in the world of music. He is a business graduate from WLU and at the age of 23, opened up Maxwell's Music House. "It's awesome to represent Laurier as one of those 40 under 40," Maxwell said.
He also expressed the importance of being acknowledged in the arts culture in a city that is very technologically based. "To be recognized as someone in the arts community as an entrepreneur is a nice change of pace for the community," he continued.
Melissa Durrell, 39, is a Waterloo city councillor and founder of Durrell Communications. She was recognized for her service to the public as a councilor and additionally for her advocacy for women's issues and human rights. Durrell is passionate about the film festival that she hosts every year — the KW Zonta Film Festival — which helps fundraise for local women's charities.
"It's a very humbling experience to be on a list with so many incredible Waterloo region people," Durrell expressed. "I'm really lucky to live in a community where we can start new and different things, we can try stuff and the community is open towards that."
"Part of my job, I feel, is to promote what a creative community we are so we can keep brilliance. We have two world renowned universities and if we can continue to inspire and help young brilliant people to innovate then that's the kind of community I want to live in," she continued.
Adam Lawrence, 32, the acting dean of students at Laurier, as well as the manager of the Diversity and Equity Office, was also acknowledged for his promotion of diversity and equality in the community and on campus. Lawrence was unavailable for comment.
Katelyn Cullum
4th year, History with English minor, 2nd year with The Cord. After realizing her love for writing, Katelyn joined The Cord last January as a volunteer. In her application, Katelyn checked almost every section write in (unfortunately sports didn't make the checklist, sorry Shelby) and was put in News. A blessing in disguise one might say, as Katelyn quickly fell into the reporter role and has enjoyed every minute of it.
Byline: Katelyn Cullum
Kitchener-Waterloo ranks high for environmental quality
ByJames Winslow4 mins read
ByLaura Kaprielian3 mins read
ByAshley Barry4 mins read
Santa Claus Parade returns after two years
Laurier contract faculty in legal strike position
Laurier's Sustainability Office partners with community leaders in tree-planting initiative
ByMadalyn Mostacci3 mins read


New or improved features include inline form errors, date time range, layout discovery API, media API, and more.
A nice list of videos from DrupalCon Vienna from Wunderkraut.
Neel Prakash does a good job introducing readers to JSON API and the Drupal module of the same name.
Digital signage can be a great way to extend your organization's reach, moving your content and your brand beyond the typical website experience. In this tech talk, Brian Reese, Senior Developer at Acquia, will present a case study along with a few lightweight technical examples of decoupled Drupal and digital signage.
Paul Johnson tells us about a "large library of high quality Drupal-related imagery available for free so journalists, bloggers, Drupal end users and community members can easily find photos to brighten your news articles, blog posts, marketing materials."
Salesforce is a force of nature in the CRM and business data world. Get an update on how the Drupal 8 release of the module is coming along.
Tobias Williams reminds us that when decoupling Drupal, we need to be thinking more about accessibility. A good refresher.
If you are an agency, solo Drupaler, or just want to add a podcast to your organization's marketing, this might be of interest to you. I created a very simple podcast module: RSS SimplePodcast!
Mario Hernandez talks about Mediacurrent's theme generator for Drupal 8.


text:
module Flat.Instances.Test (
    tst,
    tstBits,
    asList,
    flatBits,
    allBits,
    encBits,
    prettyShow,
    module Data.Word,
) where

import           Control.Monad                  ((>=>))
import           Data.Word
import           Flat.Bits                      (Bits, asBytes, bits,
                                                 paddedBits, takeBits)
import           Flat.Class                     (Flat (..))
import           Flat.Encoder.Prim              (eFillerF)
import           Flat.Encoder.Strict            (Encoding (Encoding),
                                                 numEncodedBits, strictEncoder)
import           Flat.Run                       (flat, unflat)
import           Flat.Types                     (NumBits)
import           Text.PrettyPrint.HughesPJClass (prettyShow)

-- | Returns: result of flat/unflat test, encoding size in bits, byte encoding
tst :: (Eq a, Flat a) => a -> (Bool, NumBits, [Word8])
tst v = (unflat (flat v) == Right v, size v 0, showBytes v)

-- | Returns: result of flat/unflat test, encoding size in bits, bits encoding
tstBits :: (Eq a, Flat a) => a -> (Bool, NumBits, String)
tstBits v = (unflat (flat v) == Right v, Flat.Class.size v 0, flatBits v)

-- | Test that container is serialised as a List
asList :: (Eq a1, Eq a2, Flat a1, Flat a2) => (a2 -> a1) -> a2 -> Bool
asList f l = tst (f l) == tst l

flatBits :: Flat a => a -> String
flatBits = prettyShow . bits

allBits :: Flat a => a -> String
allBits = prettyShow . paddedBits

encBits :: NumBits -> Encoding -> Bits
encBits maxNumBits e@(Encoding enc) = takeBits (numEncodedBits maxNumBits e) (strictEncoder maxNumBits (Encoding $ enc >=> eFillerF))

showBytes :: Flat a => a -> [Word8]
showBytes = asBytes . bits

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What most people don"t already realize is that many migraines and headaches can be prevented through the regular use of a good set of sunglasses! Regardless of whether it"s the summer solstice or the frigid depths of winter, a high quality pair of sunglasses is a very useful preventive health item as well as a fashion accessory. Since bright light can trigger migraines, headaches, and contribute to tension and other disorders, a good pair of sunglasses can significantly improve your quality of life, as well as preventing serious eye degeneration that can eventually lead to blindness.
It"s very important to note that dark glasses are not the same as UV-exclusive glasses. Check to make sure that your shades are made by a reputable manufacturer, and that they"re certified to block out UVA and UVB at least – if they don"t do this, it"s very possible that they"re worsening your exposure to harmful light by tricking your eyes into.
Since damage from UV exposure is cumulative, it"s important to regularly wear a high-quality set of sunglasses, and to start young. If you teach your children at a young age about the value of wearing good sunglasses, you may save their eyes from damage later – and besides, everyone knows how cool a good set of shades look.
What Does an Eye Twitch Indicate?


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