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Volunteers Organize and Archive Items from Marjory Stoneman Douglas Memorial
By Sharon Aron Baron on March 28, 2018 No Comments
Volunteers at Marjory Stoneman Douglas. Photo by Sharon Aron Baron
Volunteers worked through the day organizing and archiving precious mementos from the temporary memorial at Marjory Stoneman Douglas.
"Volunteers, please sign in over here," said Parkland Historical Society President Jeff Schwartz, who then led volunteers to a portable building to go over the proper procedure to pack and archive items.
Before items were gathered at the memorial site, a committee made up of members of the community was formed to make sure it was handled properly and appropriately said city spokesperson Todd DeAngelis. First, the committee reached out to the 17 families of the deceased to make sure they had their support on not only what they were doing, but how they were doing it, and when they were doing it.
Led by Schwartz, who reached out to the people who handled the memorial at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, he was assisted by others including Marjory Stoneman Douglas alumni, a local elementary school principal, and spiritual leaders. The committee then came together to ensure they were handling the process properly.
Volunteer Ella Singer, a freshman at the school who lost friends Jamie Guttenberg and Cara Loughran said, "I feel that helping out today is benefitting my community. I lost two friends and I feel like coming out here today is also paying respect for them."
Wednesday's efforts is about removing the items, archiving them, and preserving them for the long-term. DeAngelis said there's some competing interests: in the short-term, there is the need to heal and grieve and in the long-term, they want to preserve these items.
"They're exposed to the sunlight, morning dew, rain, wind, and if we leave them out here any longer, we won't be able to preserve them. So that's why we're acting today," said DeAngelis.
Most of the flowers will be burned, and that ash will be mixed with soil which will then be used in landscaping throughout the city. "So in that regard, they'll never leave the city," he said.
Some items may not be able to be saved, but other items will, and volunteers were taking it one step at a time.
Their next step will be storing them at Florida Atlantic University in conditions where they no longer deteriorate with proper air conditioning and humidity control, and after that they'll determine what will happen to them long-term.
Shelley Luna, her husband and children, who were on vacation from Chanhassen, Minnesota, were heading to the Everglades but both her son, 13, and daughter 14, and a freshman in high school, wanted to stop by and see the memorial first. When they arrived, they saw the volunteer effort going on and decided to pitch in.
"Devastated when we heard about this," Luna said through tears. "I can't imaging sending my child to school and not having her come back home. So after this happened, this just changes you completely. I just hug my children more before they leave in the morning and think about it. It's in the back of my mind. You shouldn't have to ever think that they might not come home."
No one knows what the next step is for the memorized items. DeAngelis said that Mayor Hunschofsky and the commissioners will make that decision.
He said. "It's a step by step process. Not something we've ever done before. Not something we've ever expected to have to do. But we'll take it a step at a time and see how long it's there."
Skye Louis Realty – Desare Kohn-Laski
Premier Bounce n' Slide Party Rentals
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On the beach or on a boat, you don't want your important stuff to get wet or sandy. By putting them into the Dry bag, your belongings will be safe from water and sand.
The strip on the bag can be used to carry the bag or to secure it on the railing of a boat to keep the bag from falling of.


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A.i.A. Guide
LA MOCA Taps Beasties' Mike D to Curate Art Show
By Brian Boucher
Brian Boucher
More Stories by Brian Boucher
Jeffrey Deitch, director of L.A. MOCA since 2010, has drafted a giant from the pop-music world to organize an upcoming cultural festival that will include an art exhibition at MOCA's Geffen Contemporary. The Beastie Boys' Mike D, aka Michael Diamond, will curate "Transmission L.A.: AV Club" [Apr. 19-May 10].
Diamond trolled the Lower East Side recently, visiting galleries and seeking artists for the show, according to a curator familiar with his process.
Klara Liden and Brooklyn art collective Still House are among the artists who will be included, according to a curator and to one of the artists involved.
Hosted by online magazine The Avant/Garde Diaries, "Transmission L.A." will be sponsored by Mercedes-Benz. Its first iteration, curated by Belgian fashion designer Raf Simons, took place in Berlin last year.
Swedish-born Liden recently garnered attention for her installation S.A.D. at Reena Spaulings, which amassed dozens of discarded Christmas trees from the streets of New York.
Still House is a group of eight 20-something artists, mostly from L.A., who work in various mediums and had their first show in 2009 at Rental gallery, on New York's Lower East Side. (Rental is now Untitled Gallery.)
"Mike D found out about our work somehow through someone," said Still House's Isaac Brest. "He looked at our website and saw that we had done a residency in Tribeca in which we took over an abandoned Department of Transportation office. We created work there, inspired by the space, then opened it up as
an exhibition."
The collective will bring a similar approach to their participation in Transmission. "We're setting up a studio and making work in it. We're basically transplanting the program we have in Red Hook, of a rotating residency, to L.A.," Brest said.
UPDATE: Liden is not part of the show, according to MOCA.
Photo: Zachary Susskind, Self-Portrait, Wilshire Boulevard, 2009.
Jeffrey Deitch
Klara Liden
Transmission LA
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This Fully Furnished Oceanfront Condo on Miami's Billionaires' Row Just Listed for $18 Million

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

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com.restfb

Class FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo

java.lang.Object

com.restfb.FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo

Enclosing interface:

FacebookClient

public static class FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo
extends Object

 Represents the result of a FacebookClient.debugToken(String) inquiry.

 FIXME does this class belong here?

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FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo()

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boolean
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String
getAppId()

The application id.

String
getApplication()

The application name.

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The date on which the access token expires.

Date
getIssuedAt()

The date on which the access token was issued.

String
getUserId()

The user id.

int
hashCode()

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isValid()

Whether or not the token is valid.

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getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

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FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo

public FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo()

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getAppId

public String getAppId()

The application id.

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The id of the application.

getApplication

public String getApplication()

The application name.

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The name of the application.

getExpiresAt

public Date getExpiresAt()

The date on which the access token expires.

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The date on which the access token expires.

getIssuedAt

public Date getIssuedAt()

The date on which the access token was issued.

Returns:

The date on which the access token was issued.

isValid

public Boolean isValid()

Whether or not the token is valid.

Returns:

Whether or not the token is valid.

getUserId

public String getUserId()

The user id.

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The user id.

hashCode

public int hashCode()

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Oxford Instruments plc Appointment of Non-Executive Director Sir Richard Friend
Oxford Instruments plc, a leading provider of high-technology tools and systems for industry and research, is pleased to announce the appointment of Professor Sir Richard Friend as an Independent Non-Executive Director. The appointment takes effect from 1 September 2014.
Professor Sir Richard Friend, Fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, is Cavendish Professor of Physics and a Fellow of St. John's College at the University of Cambridge. He is one of the UK's leading physicists with research interests in spectroscopy, molecular conductors and magnets. He is also one of the principal investigators in the new Cambridge-based Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration on nanotechnology and co-founder of Cambridge Display Technology and Plastic Logic. He was knighted for "services to physics" in the Queen's Birthday Honours List in 2003. He has also been directly involved in the commercialisation of technology through two spin-out companies from the University of Cambridge.
There are no further details to be disclosed under paragraph 9.6.13 of the Listing Rules.
Business: Oxford Instruments
Director/PDMR Shareholding 12 Jan 2021
Oxford Instruments plc, a leading provider of high-technology solutions, information and services for industry and research, was notified on 11 January…
Read full article >
Oxford Instruments plc – Voting Rights and Capital Update Jan 2021
The following notification is made in accordance with the FSA's Disclosure and Transparency Rules.
Block Listing Six Monthly Return January 2021
Director/PDMR Shareholding 11 Dec 2020
Oxford Instruments plc, a leading provider of high-technology solutions, information and services for industry and research, was notified on 10 December…
© Oxford Instruments 2021


Team Kobra is really proud to announce that we had a great day at the 5th event of the Maxxis SA National 4XTR Championship Event on Saturday 25 July near Durban to finish on the podium, yeah baby! The hard work done by our sponsors Elinem Engineering and Bradbri Engineering to manufacture new prop shafts from billet machined Weldox 700 steel made a huge difference to Kobra. Combined with these strong new parts, Kobra also sported new engine and gearbox mounts fabricated by Carl van Vuuren's guys at Wrought Iron Legends. The final important upgrade was that we learnt to use 3rd gear on the longer slopes instead of 2nd gear, this worked like an absolute charm and Arno was able to really showcase the incredible grip of our Maxxis tyres and the awesome performance of our Bilstein suspension!
The fact that two of our main rivals didn't make it to the start line did us a huge favour and both Arno and I moved up the overall championship leader board a notch or two! There are still 3 events left in the Championship and we have everything to play for.
I compiled a short action packed video of Team Kobra at the very last obstacle of the day in the pouring rain, check it out here, it's a real pleasure to watch!
The next event will take place near Rustenburg on 22 August, please note this date. We will forward more details of the event closer to the time and hope to see many of our local friends and supporters there!


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Round-up gays, urges President Nujoma
» 28.08.2002 - Namibia and EU in dispute over gay rights
» 15.06.2002 - Namibian President backs down on gay attacks
» 01.08.2001 - SA broadcaster apologises to Namibian President
» 11.05.2001 - International confidence in Namibia damaged by anti-gay attacks
» 11.04.2001 - Nujoma 'ready' for fourth term
» 02.04.2001 - Round-up gays, urges President Nujoma
» 30.03.2001 - New protests against attacks on Namibian gays
» 22.03.2001 - Nujoma's "gay purges" cause international outrage
» 20.03.2001 - Namibian president announces purges against gays
» 06.03.2001 - Namibian gay rights dealt blow
» 21.12.2000 - Namibian gays get blame for death of cattle
» 03.11.2000 - Namibian Minister elaborates on anti-gay stance
» 31.10.2000 - Gay's legal rights to be discussed in Namibian Parliament
» 24.10.2000 - Authorities repeat threats against Namibian homosexuals
» 02.10.2000 - Namibian minister tells police to 'eliminate' gays
Namibia News Page
Gay afrol
News - Africa
» Profile of Namibian Government
» Legal Status of Homosexuality in Africa
» ILGA Africa 2000 Report (Homosexuality in Africa)
Namibian Government
Q Online
The Namibian
«Traditional leaders, Governors see to it that there are no criminals, gays and lesbians in your villages and regions»
Sam Nujoma
Misanet.com / The Namibian, 2 April - Namibian President Sam Nujoma has urged regional leaders to identify gays and lesbians in their communities so that they can be arrested.Speaking at Okahao in the Omusati region yesterday Nujoma re-emphasised the message he gave at the University of Namibia nearly two weeks ago when he told students that homosexuals should be arrested, imprisoned and deported.
Nujoma called upon Regional Governors, Councillors and traditional leaders in the North to single out gays and lesbians and common criminals in their areas.
He said they should be condemned by the whole nation and arrested. "Traditional leaders, Governors see to it that there are no criminals, gays and lesbians in your villages and regions," he said. "We in Swapo have not fought for an independent Namibia that gives rights to botsotsos (criminals), gays and lesbians to do their bad things here."
At the weekend Amnesty International criticised Nujoma's comments on gays and lesbians and said the vilification and persecution of people for their sexuality was a violation of fundamental human rights. The organisation's Africa Programme Director, stated: "The Government of Namibia is obliged to fully protect the rights of all its people, including gays and lesbians. Public officials must not incite discrimination, hostility or violence against members of sexual minorities."
Amnesty International's comments came in the wake of similar criticism of the President's statements from a local human rights organisation, the National Society for Human Rights, from Namibia's sexual minorities rights organisation, The Rainbow Project, and several of its working groups, and from the Namibian chapter of the Southern Africa Human Rights NGO Network.
On the legal front, both the Legal Assistance Centre and the Society of Advocates have also reacted to the President's remarks, pointing out in media statements that there are no laws in force in Namibia in terms of which homosexuals and lesbians can be arrested, imprisoned and deported because of their sexual orientation, and voicing the opinion that Nujoma's remarks were in conflict with the Constitution's protection of human rights for all.
If sexual minorities in Namibia were to be imprisoned, Amnesty International made clear, those targeted by the Namibian authorities would be considered prisoners of conscience. "Amnesty International believes that the vilification and persecution of persons for their sexuality is a violation of their fundamental human rights," the organisation's media statement reads. Anderson added: "Amnesty International considers those imprisoned for their sexual orientation, or for the legitimate exercise of their right to freedom of expression and assembly, to be prisoners of conscience."
Anti-gay demonstrations
Meanwhile, public calls for official action to be taken against non-heterosexuals in Namibia were repeated over the weekend, with a Swapo-organised demonstration at Oshakati supporting Nujoma's statements on Saturday, and the President, speaking in the north of the country, yesterday reiterating his sentiments on the subject. Swapo is Nambia's geverning political party.
At a demonstration at the Regional Governor's office which was organised by the Oshana regional branch of the ruling party, a petition was handed to Oshana Governor Klemens Kashuupulwa to demand that Government arrest and deport sexual minorities, Sikunda and supporters, and review the appointment of Judges with the same views as their colleagues who recently ruled against Government in the case on Government's plans to deport Sikunda.
Judges Sylvester Mainga and Elton Hoff, who handed down the judgement setting aside the deportation order that had been served on Sikunda due to administrative defects in the procedure used to decide his fate, have to quit the High Court bench immediately, Swapo's Oshana branch further demanded.
In the petition, which was read by the Swapo Youth League Secretary for the Oshana Region, Teobald Fidelis Ndoroma, support was stated for President Sam Nujoma's recent statements condemning homosexuals and lesbians, and "indeed to all our Swapo Party leaders who stood firm against gays and lesbians".
According to the petition "this social evils is tantamount to sodomy and gommora which we do not want to happen in independent Namibia." (sic) Reading the petition, Ndoroma said: "Therefore Comrade Governor, through you to the central government we want all gays and lesbians to be arrested and those not Namibians to be deported with immediate effect."
Based on article in The Namibian, by Oswald Shivute
© The Namibian / afrol.com.


Naaman was commander-in-chief of the army of Aram (ancient Syria), to the northeast of Israel. He was a powerful, wealthy man, used to getting his way. But in one respect he was powerless: he had leprosy, for which there was no cure in those days.
Through a young girl captured from Israel he heard about the godly prophet Elisha, went to him, and was healed. But it was a humbling experience: Naaman had to rein in his anger, put aside the mumbo-jumbo magic he was used to, and submit to Elisha's simple directions to wash seven times in the dirty Jordan River.
The difficulty of Naaman's conversion shouldn't be overlooked. Naaman was used to going into the temple of Rimmon, Aram's god of war, and before Naaman was healed by the true God, he believed that Rimmon gave him victory in battle. To come to the point of understanding that "there is no God in all the world except in Israel" meant that Naaman had to put aside his nationalistic pride and look in faith to the God of Aram's weak enemy, Israel.
Naaman could have just added one more god to his long list of gods. It would have cost him nothing to do so. But God is not satisfied with such worship; nor was Naaman any longer, now that he had come to know the living God.
Do you know this God too?
Lord, move mightily in the world today, that by your Spirit we may come to know you, the only living God. In Jesus' name, Amen.


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Contact Faustina Batic and Soap Enterprise for male`s shirt, kaftan, batic materials and many more.
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Eribeck Fashion Link is known to be the best dealer in batic and tie and dye production.


WINDHOEK – Namibia must take value addition within the fishing sector, which remains one of the country's key economic sectors, to new heights in 2019. This is according to Fisheries and Marine Resources Minister, Bernhardt Esau, who yesterday cautioned that the exportation of unprocessed fish and marine resources means Namibia loses out on possible additional revenue as well as valuable employment opportunities.
"We are exporting jobs and we cannot allow this to continue. We are also exporting potential income from taxes that could be derived from value addition activities," said Esau during his annual staff address. Noting that his ministry aims to unlock the full potential for the local fisheries sector, Esau used an example of the horse mackarel species, to which he said value can be added, either by canning, filleting or even drying. Through activities such as these, he said, many jobs could be created.
In the same vein, Esau continued that the sector could generate substantially more foreign exchange by exporting finished products which are more valuable. "We want to tap this sector to secure a higher return from fishing activities," Esau stated.
He further proclaimed the state of the country's fishing stocks as healthy and stable and noted that data on foreign exchange earnings from fisheries trade and employment figures shows that the sector continues to be a strong economic mainstay of the country.
Meanwhile, Esau reminded his staff that as a ministry they have a tall order of important business, which must be done for the socio-economic benefit for all people in the country.
In addition, he highlighted some of the activities for his ministry in 2019, which include finalising the issuance of new fishing rights and renewals of existing rights, which began in late 2018; fully implementing the fisheries scorecard for quota allocations, eradicating some Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities reported on the country's northern maritime border; and finalising ecolabelling of hake fisheries. Other activities comprise concluding in-depth studies on the pilchard fishery, including a study on seals and their effect; re-engineering the inland aquaculture model, and strengthening protection of inland fisheries to facilitate continued contribution of the sector to food security in rural areas; as well as continuing international collaboration and leadership on the blue economy, oceans health; and implementation of MoUs with fisheries partner states.
Esau added that because 2018 was a tough year due to budget cuts, several activities in his ministry were not implemented fully, as was the case in other ministries.
However, the minister stated that resources were mobilised from the Marine Resources Fund (MRF) to supplement the main budget from Treasury, especially targeting essential services of the ministry.
"I am happy to note that in September 2018, 30 percent of the N$121 586 603 MRF budget (which is about N$36.4 million) was approved for expenditure, in line with government budget procedures, and by 15 November 2018, I had approved the entire MRF budget for expenditure, in line with Marine Resources Act, 2000. There is therefore no excuse for the directorates, through the executive director, for not initiating implementation of the essential programs in the ministry that have been pending. The austerity measures by the government as communicated by the Office of the Prime Minister are still in force, and we must implement them fully," said Esau.
Also addressing the staff, the fisheries ministry's executive director, Dr Moses Maurihungirire, said more has to be done within the ministry with the meagre resources currently available.


In hindsight, not the best name to have given to the calf that grew into Amboseli's greatest elephant. But Tim, in all his current glory, the biggest tusker in the ecosystem, is his name.
It is because of the size of Tim's tusks that Big Life's rangers keep an extra eye on his whereabouts. We ensure that we have a team in the area for security and conflict mitigation..
Last week, the call came through that Tim had run the narrow gauntlet through the Kimana Corridor, a critical area becoming increasingly constricted - down to less than just 1 km in places - by agriculture and development, into Sidai 'Oleng Conservancy.
Big Life immediately deployed a mobile unit to the area to support the conservancy's own ranger efforts. When Tim left the sanctuary, going further east than normal and late at night, the unit missed him in the dark.
The following day, Tim was spotted towards sundown with a piece of metal sticking out at right angles from his left ear.
Calls reverberated around the ecosystem. At first light the next day, Big Life, Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) units, and Amboseli Trust for Elephants (ATE) research staff initiated searches throughout the corridor area. Aerial surveillance was deployed.
After three hours, Tim was spotted from the air. Thanks to the fantastic response of everyone involved- along with Big Life, ATE, KWS, David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, and Tawi lodge- enough manpower and vehicles were on hand to quickly and safely roll Tim onto his correct side for treatment.
To all our relief, the spear wasn't poisoned, and had gone through the ear and merely scratched the skin underneath. Within five minutes, Tim was up and heading back to the swamps in the middle of Amboseli. Thanks to all our partners in the area who joined in to support the search, for now, Tim is safe.
However, this is a clear illustration that the Kimana Corridor has become an increasingly high-pressure area. The conflict between man and elephant has become more significant than poaching now, such is Big Life's success in the area at reducing that.
A couple of weeks ago, Big Life made a matched-funding appeal for the funding of a 40km fence - a life-saving line of protection - along the edge of the farmland, to keep the elephants and man separated and safe from one another.
This, along with land leasing, is critical to the future of the survival of Tim, the other elephants, and the Amboseli ecosystem.


text:
Book Funsies, TBR
Top 10 Books on my Summer 2020 List
June 16, 2020 Maren @ MarenBoBarenReads
Summer is literally around the corner. 5 days away. Quarantine has made time so fluid and confusing it's almost hard to fathom that Summer is here already. I don't know about you, but Summer is my least favorite season. It's hot with very little rain. And my preferred reading atmosphere is a cup of coffee or tea, my reading chair, a cat, a book, and the big bay window next to me with rain falling outside. But maybe that's just me, haha. The interesting side effect is that Summertime is the only season I read books other than Fantasy. I tend to gravitate back toward Contemporary or Romance in the Summer. So, without further adieu, here is my Top 10 TBR for Summer 2020.
**Books don't necessarily come out Summer 2020, just when I plan to read them**
The Princess and the Fangirl by Ashley Poston
Imogen Lovelace is an ordinary fangirl on an impossible mission: save her favorite character, Princess Amara, from being killed off from her favorite franchise, Starfield. The problem is, Jessica Stone—the actress who plays Princess Amara—wants nothing more than to leave the intense scrutiny of the fandom behind. If this year's ExcelsiCon isn't her last, she'll consider her career derailed.
When a case of mistaken identity throws look-a-likes Imogen and Jess together, they quickly become enemies. But when the script for the Starfield sequel leaks, and all signs point to Jess, she and Imogen must trade places to find the person responsible. That's easier said than done when the girls step into each other's shoes and discover new romantic possibilities, as well as the other side of intense fandom. As these "princesses" race to find the script-leaker, they must rescue themselves from their own expectations, and redefine what it means to live happily ever after.
No Judgments by Meg Cabot
The storm of the century is about to hit Little Bridge Island, Florida—and it's sending waves crashing through Sabrina "Bree" Beckham's love life…
When a massive hurricane severs all power and cell service to Little Bridge Island—as well as its connection to the mainland—twenty-five-year-old Bree Beckham isn't worried . . . at first. She's already escaped one storm—her emotionally abusive ex—so a hurricane seems like it will be a piece of cake.
But animal-loving Bree does become alarmed when she realizes how many islanders have been cut off from their beloved pets. Now it's up to her to save as many of Little Bridge's cats and dogs as she can . . . but to do so, she's going to need help—help she has no choice but to accept from her boss's sexy nephew, Drew Hartwell, the Mermaid Café's most notorious heartbreaker.
But when Bree starts falling for Drew, just as Little Bridge's power is restored and her penitent ex shows up, she has to ask herself if her island fling was only a result of the stormy weather, or if it could last during clear skies too.
Hideaway by Nora Roberts
A family ranch in Big Sur country and a legacy of Hollywood royalty set the stage for Nora Roberts' emotional new suspense novel.
Caitlyn Sullivan, a daughter of Hollywood royalty, was already a star at ten, but still loved to play hide-and-seek with her cousins at the family home in Big Sur. It was during one of those games that she disappeared.
Despite her glamorous background, Cate was a shrewd, scrappy survivor, and she managed to escape her abductors. Dillon Cooper was shocked to find the bruised and terrified girl huddled in his ranch house kitchen—but when the teenager and his family heard her story they provided refuge and comfort, reuniting her with her loved ones.
Cate's ordeal, though, was far from over. First came the discovery of a betrayal that would send someone she'd trusted to prison. Then there were years away in Ireland, sheltered and protected but with restlessness growing in her soul. Then, finally, she returned to Los Angeles, hoping to act again and get past the trauma that had derailed her life. What she didn't yet know was that two seeds had been planted that long-ago night—one of a great love, and one of a terrible vengeance…
By the Book by Amanda Sellet
As a devotee of classic novels, Mary Porter-Malcolm knows all about Mistakes That Have Been Made, especially by impressionable young women. So when a girl at her new high school nearly succumbs to the wiles of a notorious cad, Mary starts compiling the Scoundrel Survival Guide, a rundown of literary types to be avoided at all costs.
Unfortunately, Mary is better at dishing out advice than taking it—and the number one bad boy on her list is terribly debonair. As her best intentions go up in flames, Mary discovers life doesn't follow the same rules as fiction. If she wants a happy ending IRL, she'll have to write it herself.
Love & Luck by Jenna Evans Welch
Addie is visiting Ireland for her aunt's over-the-top destination wedding, and hoping she can stop thinking about the one horrible thing she did that left her miserable and heartbroken—and threatens her future. But her brother, Ian, isn't about to let her forget, and his constant needling leads to arguments and even a fistfight between the two once inseparable siblings. Miserable, Addie can't wait to visit her friend in Italy and leave her brother—and her problems—behind.
So when Addie discovers an unusual guidebook, Ireland for the Heartbroken, hidden in the dusty shelves of the hotel library, she's able to finally escape her anxious mind and Ian's criticism.
And then their travel plans change. Suddenly Addie finds herself on a whirlwind tour of the Emerald Isle, trapped in the world's smallest vehicle with Ian and his admittedly cute, Irish-accented friend Rowan. As the trio journeys over breathtaking green hills, past countless castles, and through a number of fairy-tale forests, Addie hopes her guidebook will heal not only her broken heart, but also her shattered relationship with her brother.
That is if they don't get completely lost along the way.
Tweet Cute by Emma Lord
A fresh, irresistible rom-com from debut author Emma Lord about the chances we take, the paths life can lead us on, and how love can be found in the opposite place you expected.
Meet Pepper, swim team captain, chronic overachiever, and all-around perfectionist. Her family may be falling apart, but their massive fast-food chain is booming ― mainly thanks to Pepper, who is barely managing to juggle real life while secretly running Big League Burger's massive Twitter account.
Enter Jack, class clown and constant thorn in Pepper's side. When he isn't trying to duck out of his obscenely popular twin's shadow, he's busy working in his family's deli. His relationship with the business that holds his future might be love/hate, but when Big League Burger steals his grandma's iconic grilled cheese recipe, he'll do whatever it takes to take them down, one tweet at a time.
All's fair in love and cheese ― that is, until Pepper and Jack's spat turns into a viral Twitter war. Little do they know, while they're publicly duking it out with snarky memes and retweet battles, they're also falling for each other in real life ― on an anonymous chat app Jack built.
As their relationship deepens and their online shenanigans escalate ― people on the internet are shipping them?? ― their battle gets more and more personal, until even these two rivals can't ignore they were destined for the most unexpected, awkward, all-the-feels romance that neither of them expected.
Naomi Westfield has the perfect fiancé: Nicholas Rose holds doors open for her, remembers her restaurant orders, and comes from the kind of upstanding society family any bride would love to be a part of. They never fight. They're preparing for their lavish wedding that's three months away. And she is miserably and utterly sick of him.
Naomi wants out, but there's a catch: whoever ends the engagement will have to foot the nonrefundable wedding bill. When Naomi discovers that Nicholas, too, has been feigning contentment, the two of them go head-to-head in a battle of pranks, sabotage, and all-out emotional warfare.
But with the countdown looming to the wedding that may or may not come to pass, Naomi finds her resolve slipping. Because now that they have nothing to lose, they're finally being themselves–and having fun with the last person they expect: each other.
When your nemesis also happens to be your fiancé, happily ever after becomes a lot more complicated in this wickedly funny, lovers-to-enemies-to-lovers romantic comedy debut.
If I Never Met You by Mhairi McFarlane
If faking love is this easy… how do you know when it's real?
When her partner of over a decade suddenly ends things, Laurie is left reeling—not only because they work at the same law firm and she has to see him every day. Her once perfect life is in shambles and the thought of dating again in the age of Tinder is nothing short of horrifying. When news of her ex's pregnant girlfriend hits the office grapevine, taking the humiliation lying down is not an option. Then a chance encounter in a broken-down elevator with the office playboy opens up a new possibility.
Jamie Carter doesn't believe in love, but he needs a respectable, steady girlfriend to impress their bosses. Laurie wants a hot new man to give the rumor mill something else to talk about. It's the perfect proposition: a fauxmance played out on social media, with strategically staged photographs and a specific end date in mind. With the plan hatched, Laurie and Jamie begin to flaunt their new couple status, to the astonishment—and jealousy—of their friends and colleagues. But there's a fine line between pretending to be in love and actually falling for your charming, handsome fake boyfriend…
Yes No Maybe So by Becky Albertalli
Jamie Goldberg is cool with volunteering for his local state senate candidate—as long as he's behind the scenes. When it comes to speaking to strangers (or, let's face it, speaking at all to almost anyone), Jamie's a choke artist. There's no way he'd ever knock on doors to ask people for their votes…until he meets Maya.
Maya Rehman's having the worst Ramadan ever. Her best friend is too busy to hang out, her summer trip is canceled, and now her parents are separating. Why her mother thinks the solution to her problems is political canvassing—with some awkward dude she hardly knows—is beyond her.
MAYBE SO
Going door to door isn't exactly glamorous, but maybeit's not the worst thing in the world. After all, the polls are getting closer—and so are Maya and Jamie. Mastering local activism is one thing. Navigating the cross-cultural romance of the century is another thing entirely.
Frosted Kisses by Heather Helper
Former Manhattan girl Penny has quickly discovered that life in a small town is never dull. Not when there's a festival for every occasion, a Queen Bee to deal with, an animal shelter to save, and a cute boy to crush on.
There's a new girl in town: Esmeralda. She's beautiful, French, and just happens to be Queen Bee Charity's best friend. Penny hopes the arrival of Esmeralda means Charity might be too busy to keep making her life miserable.
But Penny doesn't have a lot of time to worry about Charity. Her best friend, Tally, has recruited her to help raise money to save the local animal shelter. Then there's Marcus, the adorable and mysterious boy who Penny thinks maybe likes her as much as she likes him. Plus, this is Penny's first holiday season as a "divorced" kid–although she has no idea what this means.
Can Penny help her friends save the shelter, navigate her new family dynamics, and get the boy, or will Charity and Esmeralda find a way to ruin everything?
Tagged book lists, Books, summer 2020, summer reads, top 10 tuesday, ya books, ya contemporary
Previous postGoodreads Monday June 15, 2020
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3 thoughts on "Top 10 Books on my Summer 2020 List"
Yes, quarantine has definitely made time flat and confusing.
I hope you like Tweet Cute!
My TTT .
Maren @ MarenBoBarenReads says:
Ooooh I have saved several books on your list!
Summer is my least favorite season too. I melt in the heat. I hope you love these books!


Mondays is a unique little eatery tucked away in the heart of Kingsland - its lush blanket of ivy makes it a truly special hideaway, although I cannot help but feel cheated of its magnificence when it's stripped back to its bare bones in the winter. I stopped by, most appropriately, on a Monday. Neither bustling nor empty, I eyed up a lonely spot on the bench along the window and took advantage of the store copies of co-owner Eleanor Ozich's cookbook, My Petite Kitchen (named after her blog), and the Mondays Journal.
I ordered a raw Mini Mint Chocolate Cake and a 'Tropic Escape' smoothie (mango, pineapple, banana, mint, coconut cream, and filtered water), both of which were served promptly and without fuss. The cake was wonderful, although rather petite for the $4 price tag (three delicious mouthfuls at most). The smoothie was exceptional - thick, creamy, and I really enjoyed the addition of the mint. The menu is by no means extensive, but at least half of it is vegan which is refreshing and appreciated.
Service-wise, I have never been blown away by the friendliness of Mondays' staff members, however I will acknowledge their rapidity and the ease at which they do their job. Also, as much as I love the look of the knobbly wooden chairs and the steel tables outside, I can't help but mention that they're not the cosiest place to spend more than half an hour in. I sometimes feel as if practicality has been forgone for the sake of beauty at Mondays - admittedly, it is a wondrous sight when in full bloom.
All in all, Mondays is lovely for a quick smoothie break and a breath of fresh, green, rustic and homely air in the middle of what is otherwise a frantic city. I shall be returning soon to test out the buckwheat waffles, and to bathe in its quiet allure.


text:
Sponda sud è un album di musica popolare ed etnica del cantante italiano Eugenio Bennato, che continua il movimento Taranta Power, e pubblicato nel 2007.

Tracce

Formazione
 Eugenio Bennato – voce
 Francesco Loccisano – chitarra classica, chitarra battente
 Gigi De Rienzo – chitarra acustica, basso, mandoloncello
 Erasmo Petringa – chitarra classica
 Stefano Simonetta – basso
 Fulvio Bennato, Gianni Bove, Rosetta Bove, Anna Longo, Enzo Materazzo, Pasqualino Ruggiero – cori

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}
Optical frequency combs have been very useful scientific and technological tools in a wide range of applications such as optical clocks, precision spectroscopy, low phase noise microwave generation and optical communications. The general approach for producing frequency combs is based on mode-locking in lasers. An alternative approach has been recently demonstrated in a silica monolithic toroidal microresonator~\cite{Haye2007Optical}, where cavity enhanced four-wave mixing (FWM) occurs. As a result, this type of comb using the third-order susceptibility in resonators is usually referred to as Kerr optical frequency comb. The emergence of such combs provides a compact and energy efficient solution. Therefore, extensive amount of works in both theories and experiments have been devoted to this field. For example, the understanding of the comb formation is now very elaborate, and involves both coupled-mode and spatiotemporal  models~\cite{Chembo2010Spectrum,Chembo2010Modal,Matsko2011Mode,Chembo2013Spatiotemporal,Coen2013Modeling,Godey2014Stability}; various applications have also been experimentally explored ranging from low phase noise microwave oscillations~\cite{Li2012Low,Savchenkov2013Stabilization}, ultra-short pulse generation~\cite{Saha2013Modelocking,Herr2014Temporal}, and optical communications~\cite{Pfeifle2014Coherent}.

Compared with Kerr comb generation platforms based on chip-scale waveguide racetrack resonators~\cite{Razzari2010CMOS}, the mechanically polished disk resonators have a much wider range of material choices and can feature comb generation with very low pump power in the sub-mW level~\cite{Savchenkov2013Stabilization}, which results from the ultra-high quality ($Q$) factors and small mode volumes in these WGM resonators. Although Kerr frequency combs in fluoride WGM resonators have been demonstrated in the telecommunication window and recently at $2.5~\rm{\mu m}$ in the mid-IR regime~\cite{Wang2013Mid}, there is still not a systematic study on the optimal choice of materials and the sizes of resonators. Moreover, anomalous $GVD$ is generally desirable for comb generation and the spanning of Kerr combs is also strongly dependent on the dispersion profile. Recently, an analytical approximation for the dispersion of WGMs in the disk geometry has been derived by two different groups, showing a good agreement with  finite-element simulations and high-precision free spectral range (FSR) measurements~\cite{Breunig2013Whispering,Demchenko2013Analytical}. It enables an accurate study of the impact of geometry on the $GVD$. On the other hand, barium fluoride (BaF$_2$) with a good transmission range covering the whole mid-IR window has been recently shown to be capable of supporting $Q$ factors above $10^9$~\cite{Lin2014Barium}, and this result broadens the choice of crystalline candidates for Kerr comb generation.

In this article, we report the study of material dispersion for different IR and mid-IR optical materials using Sellmeier equations. We point out that fluoride crystalline materials generally have significantly flatter material dispersion profile than other materials. A systematic and theoretical investigation of the impact of resonator geometry and WGM indices on the $GVD$ is carried out, showing that the major radii and the radial WGM indices are key parameters to consider for $GVD$ tailoring in WGM resonators. The impact of geometry on $GVD$ is also experimentally evidenced in an experiment showing how primary Kerr combs with significantly different multiplicity can be generated with the same MgF$_2$ resonator, but pumped in WGMs with different radial orders. We also investigate theoretically MgF$_2$ and BaF$_2$ platforms for potential broadband comb generations in the telecom and mid-IR regimes.

\section{In search of the optimal materials for Kerr comb generation}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering\includegraphics[width=9cm]{Fig1.pdf}
\caption{ (a) Geometry of the disk resonator. (b) Schematic of Kerr frequency comb generations in a fiber taper coupled resonator setup. WGMR: WGM resonator. $v_G$ is the primary parametric gain peak spacing from the pump frequency $v_0$.}
\label{fig:schematic}
\end{figure}

As far as Kerr frequency comb generation is concerned, the primary step has been the search of the optimal materials. Although the on-chip ring resonator as comb generation platforms is much more compact, mechanically polished high $Q$ WGM crystalline resonators are still of great interest, due to the flexible choice of materials and ultra-high $Q$ factors leading to power efficient operation.

In these axi-symmetric disk resonators, the rim part can be treated as a toroidal boundary with the main radius $R$ and the curvature radius $r$, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:schematic} (a). Figure~\ref{fig:schematic} (b) gives a typical schematic drawing of Kerr comb generation. A single frequency continuous-wave (cw) pump laser can be coupled into the WGMR through a fiber taper or a prism~\cite{Gorodetsky1999Optical}. Under certain conditions that have been analyzed in
refs.~\cite{Chembo2010Spectrum,Chembo2010Modal,Godey2014Stability}, the built-up intracavity light leads to the modulation instability (MI) gain with offset $v_G$ from the pump frequency $v_0$. The parametric FWM then creates the first two sidebands where WGMs with single or multiple free spectral range ($FSR$) relative to the pump mode meet the MI gain. Subsequent parametric process creates a comb with multiple-FSR spacing, generally referred to as the \textit{primary comb}. Depending on the dispersion and pump condition, broadband Kerr combs with single-FSR spacing and thousands of frequency lines can be further produced. As Kerr comb arises from MI gain, it thus prefers an anomalous dispersion profile similar to MI gain in optical fibers. In addition, the MI theory in Kerr comb generation predicts that the offset $v_G$ of the parametric gain peak frequency scales with the dispersion following $v_G \propto 1/\sqrt{GVD}$~\cite{Chembo2010Spectrum,Chembo2010Modal,Godey2014Stability}. Hence, weak dispersion is generally favorable for broadband Kerr comb generation. It should be noted that the primary Kerr comb shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:schematic} (b) also yields rolls (or Turing patterns) in the spatial domain~\cite{Godey2014Stability, Coi13Azimuthal}.

At this date, Kerr optical frequency combs have been reported on WGM resonators made of fused silica, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride (CaF$_2$) and sapphire~\cite{PhysRevLett.101.093902,Savchenkov2011Kerr,Grudinin2012Frequency,Wang2013Mid,Grudinin2013Impact,Herr2014Temporal,Ilchenko2014Generation}, which are all capable of featuring $Q$ factors above $10^9$. Recently, such high $Q$ factors have also been demonstrated on barium fluoride~\cite{Lin2014Barium}.
We thereby take into account this material with others for the investigation of the material dispersion ($GVD_M$) using their Sellmeier equations~\cite{Milam1977Nonlinear}. The $GVD_M$ is usually characterized by group delay dispersion (in ps/km/nm):
\begin{equation}
GVD_m = - \frac{\lambda}{c} \frac{\partial^2 n (\lambda)}{\partial \lambda^2}
\label{Equ:GVD}
\end{equation}
where $\lambda$ is the wavelength, $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum, $n(\lambda)$ is the refractive index.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering\includegraphics[width=9cm]{Fig2.pdf}
\caption{Comparison of material dispersion for different optical materials: fused silica (SiO$_2$), sapphire, MgF$_2$, CaF$_2$ and BaF$_2$. Dashed lines designate the corresponding $ZDWs$: $1.27~\rm{\mu m}$, $1.31~\rm{\mu m}$ $1.34~\rm{\mu m}$, $1.55~\rm{\mu m}$ and $1.93~\rm{\mu m}$, respectively. The vertical blue and brown zones highlight the telecommunication C-band and mid-IR windows. Note that the $GVD_M$ profile of MgF$_2$ investigated here is derived for the ordinary ray. The extraordinary one has very similar profile with a slightly different $ZDW$ at $1.57~\rm{\mu m}$.}
\label{fig:Dmaterial}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{fig:Dmaterial} displays the corresponding material $GVD_M$ as a function of wavelength from 0.8 to 6~$\rm{\mu m}$. It should be noted that the dispersion is anomalous when $GVD$ is greater than zero. A broadband comb generation will require a small $GVD$ value in this regime. On the other hand, a $GVD$ that is too large will also make Kerr comb generation difficult, as the corresponding parametric gain could be too close to the pump frequency and do not meet any WGMs (the phase matching condition will therefore never be fulfilled). One can also see that fluoride materials have flatter dispersion profiles than the others.
The corresponding $ZDW$ of these materials are listed in Table~\ref{tab:material}. Also shown are some optical characteristics of these materials~\cite{Weber2002Handbook}.

\begin{table} [b]
\centering\caption {Characteristics of bulk fused silica, Sapphire, MgF$_2$, CaF$_2$, BaF$_2$ at $T\approx300~K$ for Kerr comb generation\textsuperscript{a}} \label{tab:material}
\begin{threeparttable}
 	\begin{tabular}{l| p{1.7cm}| p{1cm}| p{1.6cm}| p{1.9cm}| p{2.4cm}}
\hline
Name & Transmission ($\rm{\mu m}$) & $\lambda_{0}$ ($\mu m$) & Refractive index at $\lambda_{0}$  & $(dL/L)/dT$ ($10^{-6}$/K) &  $dn/dT$ ($10^{-6}$/K)\\
\hline
Fused silica &  0.2-4.0 & 1.27 & 1.4473 & 0.55 & 9.6\\
Sapphire &  0.19-5.2 & 1.313 & 1.7502 & 6.65(a)/7.15(c) & 13.6(o)/14.7(e)\\
MgF$_2$ & 0.13-7.7 & 1.34 & 1.3717 & 9.4(a)/13.6(c) & 0.9(o)/0.3(e)\\
CaF$_2$ & 0.12-10 & 1.55 & 1.4260 &  18.9 & -11.5\\
BaF$_2$ & 0.14-13 & 1.93 & 1.4648 & 18.4 & -16.2\\
\hline
	\end{tabular}
     \begin{tablenotes}
       \item[a] $(dL/L)/dT$ along the a and c axes are denoted. o: ordinary ray; e: extroordinary ray. $dn/dT$ for fluoride crystals and sapphire are given at $1.15\mu m$ and $0.589\mu m$, respectively. $dn/dT$ for fused silica at $1.13\mu m$ is taken from manufacturing specifications.
     \end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}

One can note that fused silica, quartz and MgF$_2$ have anomalous $GVD_M$ around the telecom wavelength, while all the fluoride crystals are transparent well into the mid-IR regime and also feature anomalous $GVD_M$. Among them, BaF$_2$ is characterized by a flat high transmission  covering the whole mid-IR regime ($2.5 - 10~\rm{\mu m}$). Moreover, the reported $2~\rm{nm}$ surface roughness in BaF$_2$~\cite{Lin2014Barium}, also confirms its potential for reaching ultra-high $Q$ factors that are only limited by the material absorption across the whole mid-IR regime. Also shown in the table are their thermal expansion coefficients $(dL/L)/dT$ and thermo-optic coefficients $dn/dT$. These parameters are particularly important for WGM applications. The self-thermal locking method can be used for WGM pumping for microlasers~\cite{Lin2012Thermal} and combs~\cite{Haye2007Optical}. However, it is only applicable for the material that possesses the same signs of these two parameters, such as MgF$_2$, fused silica and Sapphire. On the other hand, the others could benefit from self-thermal compensation like athermal glasses. Hence, they are less sensitive to the environment temperature fluctuation, due to the fact that the frequency variation $dv$ of a WGM is determined by $(dv/v)/dT \approx (dn/n)/dT -(dL/L)/dT$~\cite{Lin2014Continuous}. Considering another useful locking technique, the self-injection locking method using Rayleigh scattering induced feedback is applicable in both materials~\cite{Liang2010Whispering,Savchenkov2013Stabilization}.

\section{Geometry dispersion effects of WGMs in disk resonators}

It is known that the geometry dispersion can have a strong impact in the total dispersion, such as that of the silicon channel waveguide~\cite{Turner2006Tailored}. Similarly, it also plays an important role in resonator structures. As light in WGM resonators is confined under the equatorial boundary of the disk, the size and the curvature of the rim are expected to affect the total dispersion value. A recent study also shows that the dispersion of a spherical resonator can be tailored by a coating layer~\cite{Ristic2014Tailoring}. Here, we focus on monolithic resonators without any coating to preserve their high $Q$ factors that are only limited by the absorption of the host material.

A simple analytical approximation of the eigenfrequencies of  WGMs derived by two groups~\cite{Breunig2013Whispering,Demchenko2013Analytical} will be used in this work.  The  WGM resonant wavelength in a toroid can be expressed as follows:
\begin{equation}
\frac{2 \pi n(\lambda) R}{\lambda} = m - \alpha_q \left( \frac{m}{2}\right)^{1/3} + \left( p+ \frac{1}{2} \right) \left( \frac{R}{r} \right)^{1/2}
\label{Equ:WGMPosition}
\end{equation}
where $n(\lambda)$ is determined by the Sellmeier equation of the material, $m, q, p$  are the mode numbers in the azimuthal, radial and polar directions, $\alpha_q$ is the negative $q$th root of the Airy function. The index $p$ is similar to that of WGMs in spheres and is related to two momentum numbers $l$ and $m$ by $p = l - m$, indicating the $p + 1$ antinodes of the field distribution in the polar direction which can be identified through excitation mapping~\cite{Lin2010Excitation}. Other methods from spectroscopy and emission patterns for identifying WGMs have also been demonstrated~\cite{Schiller1991High,Schunk2014Identifying}. In a typical mm-size disk resonator, $m$ usually ranges from $10^3$ to $10^5$ for optical resonances.

It should be noted that Kerr combs have been generated using two different sets of WGMs. The first one is the family of WGMs with spacing of one FSR, $v_{\rm{FSR}}=v_{m} -v_{m-1}$ and the other one is a group of polar WGMs with $v_{p} -v_{p-1}$ spacing~\cite{Savchenkov2011Kerr}, where $v = c / \lambda$ is the resonant frequency. Here, we focus on the Kerr combs generated using the longitudinal FSR, and which can feature hundreds to thousands of comb lines, interesting for many spectroscopy applications. We therefore analyze the total dispersion of these longitudinal FSR spaced WGMs. The dispersion of WGMs underlying Kerr comb generation is characterized by the variation in the FSR, $\Delta v_{\rm{FSR}} = (v_{m+1} -v_{m})-(v_{m} -v_{m-1})$.
This value can be derived by numerically solving Eq.~\ref{Equ:WGMPosition} with the underlying Sellmeier equations.
To convert $\Delta v_{\rm{FSR}}$ into the widely used dispersion parameter $GVD$ in units of ps/nm/km, we applied the following approximated expression~\cite{Arcizet2009Optical}:
\begin{equation}
GVD \approx 4 \pi^2 \frac{n(\lambda)^3 R^2}{c^2 \lambda^2} \Delta v_{\rm{FSR}} \, .
\label{Equ:Conversion}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering\includegraphics[width=12cm]{Fig3.pdf}
\caption{(a) Calculated geometry dispersion influence on the total $GVD$ for a MgF$_2$ disk with different $R$ and $r=0.1$~mm. Dashed line: material $GVD_M$ curve. (b) Calculated zero total dispersion wavelengths $\lambda_0$ for $R$ from $0.5$~mm to $5$~mm. Inset: distribution of the electric field amplitude for a fundamental WGMs with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm. Note: $\lambda_0$ is the resonant wavelength that has its total dispersion closest to $0$.}
\label{fig:MgF2WGMSize}
\end{figure}

Here, we will study the impact of geometry dispersion by assuming WGM resonators made of MgF$_2$, which has a small $GVD$ over a large range when compared with fused silica and quartz. We first consider the case of the fundamental WGM family with $q = 1$ and $p = 0$ and discuss the size impact of $R$ and $r$. As one can see in Eq.~(\ref{Equ:WGMPosition}), the second term on the right side is much larger than the third term due to the large value of $m$ in mm-size resonators. We thus study only the impact of the main radius $R$ on the total dispersion, because the effect of $r$ is similar to the effect of the polar number $p$ that will be introduced later. Figure~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMSize} (a) shows the calculated total $GVD$ for different radii $R$ values from $0.5$~mm to $5$~mm around the zero dispersion regime. The dashed line presents the material $GVD_M$.

One can note that smaller $R$ shifts the zero $GVD$ further into the longer wavelengths, which results from a normal geometry $GVD$ adding on to the material $GVD_M$. The total $GVD$ profile compared to the material one is eventually pulled down. Similar effects have also been reported~ \cite{Grudinin2013Impact,Li2012Sideband}. The wavelengths ($\lambda_0$) of the WGMs closest to zero $GVD$ as a function of the radii $R$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMSize} (b). The inset provides a calculated electric field distribution of a fundamental WGM resonating at $\lambda_0$ in a MgF$_2$ disk with $R = 1.0$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm using an analytical expression given in~\cite{Breunig2013Whispering}. From this figure, one can conclude that small anomalous $GVD$ can be engineered by carefully choosing the major radius of the resonator. This is a key step for designing a Kerr frequency comb setup. For example, the $GVD$ for the fundamental modes in a $R=0.5$~mm MgF$_2$ resonator at $1.55~\rm{\mu m}$ is reduced to $0.72$~ps/km/nm, which is about one tenth of the original material $GVD$ ($7.0$~ps/km/nm). Careful engineering of this parameter, the $GVD$ reduction can be even larger.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering\includegraphics[width=12cm]{Fig4.pdf}
\caption{Calculated total $GVD$ for different transverse WGMs in a MgF$_2$ disk with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm. Top: Electric field amplitude distribution of WGMs; Bottom: $GVD$ as a function of the resonant wavelength. For WGMs with transverse indices of (a) $q = 1, 2, 3$, $p = 0$ and (b) $p = 0, 1, 2$, $q = 1$. Dashed line: material $GVD_M$ curve. }
\label{fig:MgF2WGMindices}
\end{figure}

The ability of the $GVD$ tailoring in a WGM resonator after fabrication is also critical. Thereby, we have also investigated the effect of different transverse mode orders on the total $GVD$. Figure~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMindices} shows the corresponding calculation for a MgF$_2$ resonator with $R = 1.0$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm. The black dashed lines marks the material dispersion itself. The upper images are the corresponding calculated field distribution patterns. The impact of WGMs with different $q$ indices on the total $GVD$ is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMindices} (a).
On the other hand, the mode index $p$ plays a less interesting role in tailoring the total $GVD$ as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMindices} (b). The inset is a zoom in of the $GVD$ profile around the $ZDW$. The red dashed line highlights the telecom wavelength of $1.55~\rm{\mu m}$. The fundamental radial mode with $q = 1$ possesses a $GVD$ of $3.0$~ps/km/nm, which is much larger than the previous value for the fundamental mode in a resonator with $R=0.5$~mm. However, one can note that for the second radial order WGMs with $q=2$, the $GVD$ has been further reduced to $~0.086$~ps/km/nm, that is only $~1/80$ of the material $GVD_M$ and $1/35$ of that for $q=1$. In this case, Kerr comb generations can be significantly different, dependent on which radial order mode is excited. Comparing Fig.~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMindices} with Fig.~\ref{fig:MgF2WGMSize}, one can see that the management of $GVD$ by choosing WGMs with different $q$ indices is more remarkable. Besides, we also find that the change of $GVD$ due to the $q$ index variation is much larger in the resonator with a smaller $R$.

\section{Experimental observation of significant different primary combs in a single MgF$_2$ resonator}

To experimental verify that the geometry dispersion plays an important role in WGM resonators, we have carried out experiments on a disk resonator made of MgF$_2$. The resonator was fabricated by carefully polishing the rim of a disk preform with a radius of $6$~mm and a thickness of $1$~mm. It features an intrinsic $Q$ factor of $10^9$. For a well polished resonator, WGMs with lower order mode indices can possess the same $Q$ factors and cannot be distinguished through $Q$ factor measurements. It has been experimentally shown that one can choose the fiber taper to excite WGMs with the radial indices from $q=1$ to $q=11$ simultaneously~\cite{Li2012Sideband}. Hence, a fiber taper was used to couple the light into and out from the resonator as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:schematic} (b). The throughput of the fiber taper was then monitored with a photodetector and a high-resolution spectrum analyzer (APEX 2440B), respectively. The tunable cw pump laser with a sub-KHz spectral linewidth at $1552$~nm was used. It was then thermally locked to excite different WGMs~\cite{Haye2007Optical,Lin2012Thermal}. Depending on the pump condition, both primary Kerr combs and full developed Kerr combs were observed. The value of single FSR spacing ($v_{\rm{FSR}}$) can thus be measured.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=13cm]{Fig5.pdf}
\caption{Experimental observation of three primary combs showing very different spacing of (a) $4$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$, (b) $164$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$ and (c) $229$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$.
Three different WGMs were pumped in the same resonator, and the large difference of $GVD$ explains the large difference of primary comb multiplicity. }\label{fig:MgF2Combs}
\end{figure}

The giant shift in dispersion predicted by our calculations should therefore allow for the possibility to generate primary combs with significantly different multiplicities, by pumping different radial modes in the same resonator.
In particular, one should be able to observe very different primary comb spacing in the same resonator with a fixed incident pump power, especially in the case of fiber taper coupling where many different radial order WGMs can be excited at the same time. Figure~\ref{fig:MgF2Combs} present three experimentally obtained primary combs in the same MgF$_2$ resonator when three different WGMs were pumped. The spacing of $23.7$~GHz , $971.9$~GHz and $1351.1$~GHz corresponds to $4$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$, $164$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$ and $229$-$v_{\rm{FSR}}$, respectively. The corresponding ratios between the largest spacing and the smallest one is about $50$. Although the detuning between the pump and the resonance can also change the spacing of the primary comb, the difference is usually limited due to the requirement of on-resonance pumping. In our case, we usually see a ratio of less than $2$ when changing the detuning within one mode with a fixed incident pump power. Therefore, we believe that the geometry dispersion differences cause this observation, which is expected as previously discussed.

\section{Towards the mid-IR regime}

As shown in Table~\ref{tab:material}, BaF$_2$ has a larger zero material dispersion wavelength ($\lambda_0$) of $1.93~\rm{\mu m}$, compared with other materials studied here. In addition, the $GVD_M$ of BaF$_2$ in the anomalous regime also grows much slower. This is an important signature indicating that it could be very favorable for the broadband comb generation in the mid-IR regime. As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Dmaterial}, $2.5 \rm{\mu m}$ marks the first Kerr frequency comb generated in the mid-IR regime~\cite{Wang2013Mid}, where a MgF$_2$ WGM resonator was utilized. It also indicates that comb generation is feasible for a material $GVD_M$ of $25~\rm{ps/km/nm}$. It should be noted that BaF$_2$ has a nonlinear refractive index coefficient ($n_2$, in $10^{-16}\rm{cm^2/W}$) of $2.85$, which is larger than $1.90$ of CaF$_2$ and $0.92$ of MgF$_2$~\cite{Milam1977Nonlinear}. If we assume a BaF$_2$ resonator with the same $Q$ factor and the same geometry dispersion, one can thus expect a Kerr comb generation capability at $\lambda = 5.5 \rm{\mu m}$. Considering that the demonstrated Kerr comb at $2.5 \rm{\mu m}$ in MgF$_2$ has a very high phase stability~\cite{Wang2013Mid}, the capability of generating such combs further into the wavelength above $5 \rm{\mu m}$ in BaF$_2$ is thus highly desirable.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=12cm]{Fig6.pdf}
\caption{ (a) Calculated geometry dispersion influence on the total $GVD$ for a disk BaF$_2$ with different $R$ and $r=0.1$~mm. Dashed line: material $GVD_M$ curve..
(b) Calculated zero total dispersion wavelengths $\lambda_0$ for $R$ from $0.5$~mm to $5$~mm. Inset: distribution of the electric field amplitude for a fundamental WGM with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm.
(c) Calculated radial mode order influence on the total $GVD$ for a disk BaF$_2$ with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm. WGM indices: $q = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6$ and $p = 0$. (d) The corresponding electric field amplitude distribution of WGMs.}
\label{fig:BaF2WGM}
\end{figure}

Here, we present the corresponding $GVD$ calculation on WGMs made of BaF$_2$ for Kerr comb generations towards mid-IR. Figure~\ref{fig:BaF2WGM} (a) shows the $GVD$ for the fundamental WGMs in resonators with different $R$ and $r=0.1$~mm. As BaF$_2$ has a material $GVD_M$ at $1.93~\rm{\mu m}$, it is thereby feasible to push the zero dispersion WGM resonance wavelength $\lambda_0$ close to $2.5~\rm{\mu m}$, which can potentially facilitate broadband comb generations into this regime. The corresponding $\lambda_0$ as a function of the main radii $R$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:BaF2WGM} (b). The inset gives the field distribution of a fundamental mode at about $2.2~\rm{\mu m}$ in a resonator with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm.

Figure~\ref{fig:BaF2WGM} (c) presents the $GVD$ as a function of WGM resonance wavelengths for different radial order modes in a BaF$_2$ resonator with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm. The corresponding field distribution is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:BaF2WGM} (d). As one can see, $GVD$ values at $3.5~\rm{\mu m}$ for different radial WGMs are anomalous and reduced with the increase of $q$ indices. In the case of prism coupling setup, one can change the coupling angle to selectively excite WGMs with high $q$ values. The corresponding wavelengths and indices of those modes closest to the zero total dispersion in Fig.~\ref{fig:BaF2WGM} (c) are listed in Table~\ref{tab:WGMs}. For $q=1$ and $q=2$, the change in $ZDW$ of about $240$~nm is observed. $ZDW$ beyond $3~\rm{\mu m}$ is feasible in higher $q$ order modes.

\begin{table} [h]
\centering\caption {Indices of WGMs and zero total dispersion wavelength for MgF$_2$ with $R=1$~mm and $r=0.1$~mm } \label{tab:WGMs}
\begin{tabular}{p{2cm} p{0.8cm} p{0.5 cm} p{0.5cm} |p{2cm} p{0.8cm} p{0.5 cm} p{0.5 cm}}
\hline
Wavelength ($\lambda_0(WGM)$) & $m$ & $q$ & $p$ & Wavelength ($\lambda_0(WGM)$) & $m$ & $q$	 & $p$ \\
\hline
2.1863 & 4176 & 1 & 0 & 2.8877 & 3100 & 4 & 0\\
2.4290 & 3733 & 2 & 0 & 3.1100 & 2860 & 5 & 0\\
2.6608 & 3386 & 3 & 0 & 3.3272 & 2656 & 6 & 0\\

\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusion}

In conclusion, we have investigated the material dispersion profiles of different optical materials that support WGMs with $Q$ factors above $10^9$. We have studied the effect of geometry dispersion on the total $GVD$ of WGM disk-resonators. This analysis has enabled us to demonstrate that the major radii of WGM resonators and the radial order indices are key parameters for dispersion tailoring. In particular, we have shown that the dispersion shift induced by selecting different radial families of modes in the same resonator allows for the generation of versatile combs.
Barium fluoride could benefit from this feature and it offers the best dispersion profile in the mid-IR spectral range.
We expect this work to facilitate the efficient generation of Kerr optical frequency combs in the telecom and mid-IR regimes.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
{The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) through the projects NextPhase and Versyt.
They also acknowledge financial support from the \textit{Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales} (CNES) through the project SHYRO, from the \textit{R\'egion de Franche-Comt\'e}, and from the Labex ACTION.}

\end{document}

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CommMedia Special Coverage
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Female voter proudly casts a ballot for the first time
posted November 8, 2016 in Election 2016 by Antonella Crescimbeni.
Hannah Sarisohn, a political communications major, cast a vote for the first today at the Friends Meetinghouse on East Prospect Avenue in State College. She says she is that even though it's only one vote, she is still a part of history.
"I grew up in a family that was involved in local Democratic politics and was raised with the ideals that most align with Hillary Clinton, so there was never any question to not support her. People who don't vote are selfishly giving up the right that makes them an American citizen," she says. "People around the world die for this right and people's stubbornness will cause more harm in the end."
Antonella Crescimbeni
Senior / Visual Journalism
Antonella is a senior majoring in Photojournalism and Fine Art Photography. She works for her University's paper, The Daily Collegian, as the Photo Editor. She also works as a freelance photographer for Penn State University where she has done numerous events ranging from charity events, magazine covers, portraits of the president, senior vice-president etc. This past summer she covered both the Republican and Democratic National Conventions for the McClatchy newspaper company. Antonella will be traveling to Rio de Janeiro in September to provide coverage of the Paralympic Games for the Associated Press. Follow her on twitter @antonellacres and her instagram @antonellac_photography.
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TMID Editorial: The energy bills conundrum
Wednesday, 7 December 2022, 09:54 Last update: about 3 months ago
On Monday, Parliament discussed a motion presented by the Nationalist Party that aimed to push the government into refunding what was "stolen" in energy bills in the past years.
The government, of course, voted against, although a formal vote on the matter is expected to be taken before Parliament rises for the Christmas recess on 19 December.
In the meantime, the Nationalist Party is urging more consumers to join it in a class court action that it plans to file in the coming days.
A court case decided last July has already ruled that two customers were overcharged because of the way their bills were calculated. The court ordered that a refund is given.
Former Prime Minister Joseph Muscat had acknowledged, in 2018, that there were anomalies in the way the bills were calculated and had promised some kind of redress. But nothing was done under his tenure to rectify the situation. And it cannot be said that under his successor things improved much. What government has announced earlier this year was pledge a maximum €8 refund to customers in what it described as a new utility bill system. It does not do justice.
During the debate last Monday, government spokesmen were adamant in their resistance to the PN's motion. One of the arguments made was that the system which is now under the microscope was introduced by the PN government in 2009.
So what? If something that was introduced in 2009 was wrong, why keep it going? Blaming the then government for introducing a faulty system, but then sticking to it, is an indirect admission that for the current government it is convenient to keep things as they are.
Secondly, why bring up the pre-2013 oil scandal, fossil fuels and a 100 other things that have nothing to do with the subject in hand? They were serious issues, but they were not on the agenda last Monday.
Yes, we know that the government has kept energy prices stable during the Covid-19 pandemic and since the war in Ukraine started. That's a good thing. But it has no connection with the fact that the way the bills are computed – and this is according to a court judgment – is wrong.
The government members did their best to completely disregard the subject of the motion, and simply attempted to discredit the Nationalists for their track record in the energy sector. It was rather petty of them to do so and, at the same time, it was a tacit admission that the current system cannot really be defended.
The PN has made it clear that it will not stop here. It knows it does not have the parliamentary majority to win a vote in Parliament. On Monday it gave the government the last chance to reconsider its position and agree to take action. Now that the government has shown no intention to step back, the PN's last option is to take the matter before the law courts.
One hopes that the wheels of justice will turn quickly in this case.
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Die 4. Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaften der U18-Frauen der Internationalen Eishockey-Föderation IIHF waren die Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaften des Jahres 2011 in der Altersklasse der Unter-Achtzehnjährigen (U18). Insgesamt nahmen zwischen dem 1. Januar und 3. April 2011 14 Nationalmannschaften an den zwei Turnieren der Top-Division sowie der Division I teil.

Der Weltmeister wurde zum dritten Mal die Mannschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, die im Finale den Erzrivalen aus Kanada mit 5:2 bezwingen konnte. Die deutsche Mannschaft beendete das Turnier mit dem sechsten Platz in der Top-Division, der Schweiz gelang in der Top-Division durch einen Sieg im entscheidenden Spiel gegen Japan die Vermeidung des Abstiegs in die Division I. Das Team aus Österreich belegte in der Division I den dritten Platz, Russland gelang ungeschlagen der direkte Wiederaufstieg in die Top-Division.

Teilnehmer, Austragungsorte und -zeiträume
 Top-Division: 1. bis 8. Januar 2011 in Stockholm, Schweden
Teilnehmer:  Deutschland,  Finnland,  Japan,  Kanada (Titelverteidiger),  Schweden,  Schweiz (Aufsteiger),  Tschechien,  USA

 Division I: 28. März bis 3. April 2011 in Dmitrow, Russland
Teilnehmer:  Frankreich,  Kasachstan,  Norwegen,  Österreich,  Russland (Absteiger),  Slowakei

Top-Division

Die U18-Weltmeisterschaft der Top-Division fand vom 1. bis 8. Januar 2011 in der schwedischen Hauptstadt Stockholm statt. Die Spiele wurden in der Stora Mossens Ishall (2.180 Plätze) und der im Stadtteil Kista gelegenen Husby Ishall (1.980 Plätze) ausgetragen.

Es nahmen acht Nationalmannschaften teil, die in zwei Gruppen zu je vier Teams spielten. Den Weltmeistertitel sicherten sich die Vereinigten Staaten durch einen 5:2-Sieg über Kanada. Es war der insgesamt dritte Titelgewinn für die US-Amerikanerinnen.

Modus
Nach den Gruppenspielen der Vorrunde qualifizieren sich die beiden Gruppenersten direkt für das Halbfinale. Die Gruppenzweiten und -dritten bestreiten je ein Qualifikationsspiel zur Halbfinalteilnahme. Die Vierten der Gruppenspiele bestreiten eine Best-of-Three-Runde um den siebten Platz sowie den Abstieg in die Division I.

Austragungsorte

Vorrunde

Gruppe A

Abkürzungen: Pl. = Platz, Sp = Spiele, S = Siege, OTS = Siege nach Verlängerung (Overtime) oder Penaltyschießen, OTN = Niederlagen nach Verlängerung oder Penaltyschießen, N = Niederlagen
Erläuterungen: , ,

Gruppe B

Abkürzungen: Pl. = Platz, Sp = Spiele, S = Siege, OTS = Siege nach Verlängerung (Overtime) oder Penaltyschießen, OTN = Niederlagen nach Verlängerung oder Penaltyschießen, N = Niederlagen
Erläuterungen: , ,

Abstiegsrunde
Die Relegationsrunde wurde im Modus "Best-of-Three" ausgetragen. Hierbei trafen der Viertplatzierte der Gruppe A und der Vierte der Gruppe B aufeinander. Die Mannschaft, die von maximal drei Spielen zuerst zwei für sich entscheiden konnte, verblieb in der WM-Gruppe, der Verlierer stieg in die Division I ab.

Finalrunde

Viertelfinale

Spiel um Platz 5

Halbfinale

Spiel um Platz 3

Finale

Statistik

Beste Scorerinnen
Abkürzungen: Sp = Spiele, T = Tore, V = Assists, Pkt = Punkte, +/− = Plus/Minus, SM = Strafminuten; Fett: Turnierbestwert

Beste Torhüterinnen
Abkürzungen: Sp = Spiele, Min = Eiszeit (in Minuten), GT = Gegentore, SO = Shutouts, Sv% = gehaltene Schüsse (in %), GTS = Gegentorschnitt; Fett: Turnierbestwert

Abschlussplatzierungen

Titel, Auf- und Abstieg

Auszeichnungen
Spielertrophäen

Division I

Das Turnier der Division I wurde vom 28. März bis 3. April 2011 in Dmitrow in Russland ausgetragen. Die Spiele fanden im Eispalast Dmitrow statt, in dem 2.000 Zuschauer Platz finden.

Abkürzungen: Pl. = Platz, Sp = Spiele, S = Siege, OTS = Siege nach Verlängerung (Overtime) oder Penaltyschießen, OTN = Niederlagen nach Verlängerung oder Penaltyschießen, N = Niederlagen
Erläuterungen: ,

Auf- und Abstieg

Siehe auch
 Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft
 Eishockey-WM 2011 (Übersicht)
 Eishockey-WM 2011 der Herren
 Eishockey-WM 2011 der Frauen
 Eishockey-WM 2011 der U20-Junioren
 Eishockey-WM 2011 der U18-Junioren

Weblinks
 Internetpräsenz des IIHF (Internationale Eishockey-Föderation) (englisch)

2011
Weltmeisterschaft der U18-Frauen 2011
Weltmeisterschaft der U18-Frauen 2011
Weltmeisterschaft der U18-Frauen 2011
Eishockeywettbewerb in Stockholm
Sportveranstaltung in der Oblast Moskau


text:
America's Oldest Brands
They are iconic names we grew up with. Singer. Folgers. John Deere. Pabst. Pillsbury. Coca-Cola. Our moms getting out the Baker's chocolate to make cookies. Writing with brand new yellow Ticonderoga pencils when we were little in elementary school. Our dads shaving with Remington razor blades. Eating Jell-o salads at our gramma's house. Shopping at Sears. They were familiar, trusted names.
The legacy of American brand names also tells the story of America's growth and expansion marching across the continent. King Arthur Flour, Old Farmer's Almanac, the New York Stock Exchange founded in New England's original colonies on the East Coast. Slightly later brands in the first half of the 1800s were founded in the raw new frontiers west toward the Mississippi in what is now America's heartland. Jim Bean in Kentucky. Pabst, Schlitz, Miller beers in Milwaukee. John Deere in Illinois. Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis. Sears in Minneapolis, then Chicago. Lodge iron cookware in Tennessee. The South too fostered iconic brands. Both Pepsi and Coca Cola have southern roots: Coca Cola was founded in Atlanta. Pepsi Cola in North Carolina. Tabasco Sauce was founded in New Orleans. Moving farther west still, brands sprouted up from the rugged West boomtowns of California. Levi jeans in San Francisco. 20 Mule Team Borax was born in Death Valley. Wells Fargo stage lines near Sutter's Mill. Folgers coffee in San Francisco.
Necessity may be the mother of invention, but the profit motive is its rich uncle! New civilizations mean opportunity and American entrepreneurs couldn't respond fast enough to the burgeoning "huddled masses" of immigrant markets pouring into our young country "yearning to breathe free."
But many iconic brands we know today had unlikely origins that might surprise you. Dupont has its roots in gunpowder manufacturing and provided more than half the gunpowder used in the Civil War--on BOTH sides! Yellow Ticonderoga pencils were patented and made first from the lead mines near Ticonderoga, New York and encased in wood as a writing tool to replace ink quills. Colgate did not start as a toothpaste but as a manufacturer of starch, soaps and candles, started by a devout Baptist immigrant named William Colgate, who believed "cleanliness was next to godliness." Colgate introduced its first toothpaste in 1873, made of soap and chalk sold in jars. But its biggest innovation was packaging toothpaste in collapsible tubes in the 1890s. Jell-o had its ignoble origins as an afterthought—a by-product of the livestock yards. It is produced by boiling cow hooves and bones.
Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola both began as medicines made from coca leaves (from which cocaine is derived) and kola nuts (a primary source of caffeine). Both have powerful pharmaceutical properties. Coca Cola was developed in Louisiana by a Confederate Colonel, John Pemberton, who was wounded in the Civil War and became addicted to morphine. He began a quest to find a substitute for his drug addiction. A year before the official founding of Coca Cola, a Spanish drink called "Kola Coca" won a beverage contest in Philadelphia in 1885! Coincidence? You decide.
Remington started as a firearms manufacturer in 1816 but expanded to other iron and steel products such as sewing machines, flat irons, filing cabinets, batteries, and finally shavers and razor blades. Yuengling Brewing is America's oldest brewery, founded in 1829 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. The company stayed afloat during Prohibition by producing "near beer."
Jack Daniels was orphaned at an early age and became inspired by a local preacher and moonshine distiller, whose Master Distiller was an African-American slave named Nathan Green. Green taught young Jack distilling techniques. Then Jack hired the black man as the FIRST master distiller for Jack Daniels Distillery! (Had Nathan not been born a slave, Jack Daniels Whiskey might be called Nathan Green Whiskey today!)
German immigrant Levi Strauss went out of San Francisco during the Gold Rush to sell canvas tents. But miners complained that what they really needed were tough pants that didn't rip out when they put gold nuggets in their pockets. When Strauss met a customer named Jacob Davis who had an idea of riveting denim pants to strengthen the pockets, they went into business to produce jeans and patented the iconic brand of work pants in 1873. At first the signature metal rivets were put at all ripping points, including the crotch. But legend has it that Levi Strauss changed that after stooping too long at a campfire and the crotch rivet burned his....well... you know.
Blue jeans weren't the only iconic brand born out of decidedly western frontier lore. Borax was first mined in the Death Valley desert and transported out with 20-mule teams. In 1891, the famous mule team logo was introduced for "20 Mule Team Borax" and has remained so ever since! So, too, the Wells Fargo logo of a galloping horses pulling a stagecoach and Levi Strauss's logo of two opposing horses hitched to the tough jeans, unable to pull them apart! Visual doffs of the hat to our cherished frontier history.
Below is a list of some of America's oldest and most iconic brands. This list is by no means complete. Can you think of others?
1. Baker's Chocolate -1765 – Dorchester, MA 2. King Arthur Flour – 1790 – Boston, MA 3. Old Farmer's Almanac-1792–Lewiston, Maine 4. New York Stock Exchange - 1792-NYC 5. Dixon Ticonderoga – 1795 – Ticonderoga, NY 6. Jim Beam – 1795 – Clermont, KY 7. DuPont – 1802 – Wilmington, DE 8. Colgate – 1806 – New York City 9. Pfaltzgraff dinnerware-1811-York County, PA 10. Seth Thomas -1813–Plymouth Hollow, CT 11. Remington – 1816 – Ilion, NY 12. HarperColllins – 1817 – New York City 13. Brooks Brothers – 1818 -New York City 14. Yuengling Brewing – 1829 - Pottsville, PA 15. John Deere – 1836 – Grand Detour, IL 16. Macy's – 1843 – Haverhill, MA 17. Pabst Brewing – 1844 – Milwaukee, WI 18. Brunswick Billiards – 1845 – Cincinnati, OH 19. Anheuser-Busch Brewing-1852-St. Louis 20. Wells Fargo – 1852 – Sutters Mill, CA 21. Miller Brewing – 1855 – Milwaukee, WI 22. Schlitz Beer – 1858 – Milwaukee, WI 23. Jack Daniel's Distillery-1866-Lynchburg, TN 24. Leinenkugel Beer-1867-Chippewa Falls, WI 25. Arm & Hammer – 1867 – Ewing, NJ 26. Tabasco Sauce – 1868 – Avery Island, LA 27. Pillsbury – 1872 – Minneapolis, MN 28. Folgers Coffee – 1872 – San Francisco, CA 29. Levi Strauss – 1873 – San Francisco, CA 30. Heinz Ketchup – 1876 – Pittsburgh, PA 31. Coca -Cola – 1886 – Minton, LA 32. Sears & Roebuck – 1886 – Minneapolis, MN 33. 20 Mule Team Borax1891-Death Valley, CA 34. Lodge Cookware-1896-South Pittsburgh TN 35. Jello-O – 1897 – LeRoy, NY 36. Pepsi-Cola – 1898 – New Bern, NC
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Children's Bureau
CMRL LIST SERVE
CANDL BIBLIOGRAPHY
MEASURES INDEX
Where can I find the latest statistics and current information about child abuse and neglect?
What is the difference between data, dataset and findings?
What is secondary data analysis?
How do I join the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect mailing list for receiving announcements?
What is the Child Maltreatment Research Listserv?
How do I join the Child Maltreatment Research Listserv?
How do I end my subscription to the Child Maltreatment Research Listserv?
How do I request data?
How much does a dataset cost?
How long does it take to get a dataset?
How can I find out more about NDACAN's datasets?
What is the proper format for acknowledging NDACAN in a publication from a dataset?
Who can order data from NDACAN?
Can I use a dataset to teach a class?
1. Where can I find the latest statistics and current information about child abuse and neglect?
NDACAN disseminates archived data for the purpose of analysis with statistics software (e.g. SPSS, STATA, R, etc.). We do NOT maintain summary statistics on child abuse and neglect or provide reports of research findings.
Although NDACAN does not have summary statistics of research findings, the U.S. Children's Bureau website has this type of information for download and viewing. Here is a list of important reports which may be relevant to your research:
Child Maltreatment Reports
One source of data by state is known as the NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System). The NCANDS Child Maltreatment reports contain information submitted by states over the years and are available from the Child Maltreatment Children's Bureau web page.
Child Welfare Outcomes Reports
Another source of findings by state, which includes child maltreatment and foster care information, is known as the Child Welfare Outcomes Report. The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports are available from the Child Welfare Outcomes Children's Bureau web page.
AFCARS Reports
Information about the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) is available on the Web. AFCARS was designed to address policy development and program management issues at both the state and federal levels. The data are also useful for researchers interested in analyzing aspects of the United States' foster care and adoption programs. Tables and other reports summarizing the AFCARS data are available from the Adoption & Foster Care Statistics Children's Bureau web page.
Here are other sources for child welfare statistics and summary information:
Child Welfare Information Gateway
Formerly the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information and the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the Child Welfare Information Gateway provides access to information and resources to help protect children and strengthen families. The Child Welfare Information Gateway is a service of the Children's Bureau , Administration for Children and Families , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
ChildStats.gov
The Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (the Forum) is a collection of 20 Federal government agencies involved in research and activities related to children and families. The Forum's annual report, America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, summarizes national indicators of child well-being and monitors changes in these indicators over time.
Chapin Hall
Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago is a research and policy center focused on a mission of improving the well-being of children and youth, families, and their communities. Chapin Hall studies and reports in research areas that include child welfare and foster care systems, community change, early childhood initiatives, economic supports for families, home visitation and maltreatment prevention, longitudinal data analytics, schools and school systems, workforce development, youth crime and justice, and youth development and afterschool initiatives. Chapin Hall publishes issue briefs, reports, and articles, many of which are publicly available free of charge.
Crimes Against Children Research Center (CCRC)
Based at the University of New Hampshire, CCRC provides research and statistics to the public, policy makers, law enforcement personnel, and other child welfare practitioners. CCRC is concerned with research about the nature of crimes including child abduction, homicide, rape, assault, and physical and sexual abuse as well as their impact.
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2. What is the difference between data, dataset and findings?
In this context, data refers to the organized observations of a study (e.g. survey responses) in electronic form. A dataset prepared by NDACAN includes the data in a format which can be used by statistics software (e.g. SPSS, STATA, R, etc.), a data codebook and a brief guide which addresses secondary analysis issues concerning that study. Findings summarize the outcome of a study and are described in a study's final report and other publications, such as journal articles.
3. What is secondary data analysis?
Secondary data analysis means re-examining a study in order to replicate the findings or to test a new hypothesis. It generally involves using statistics software (e.g. SPSS, STATA, R, etc.) to conduct statistical analyses.
4. How do I join the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect mailing list for receiving announcements?
You can sign up on-line on our Join the NDACAN Mailing List page.
5. What is the Child Maltreatment Research List Serve?
The Child Maltreatment Research Listserv is an E-mail based discussion group. Subscribers can post and receive messages on the subject of child maltreatment research. Postings are approved or rejected (no edits) by a moderator based on the relevance of the message to the list's purpose. The purpose of the list is to facilitate information exchange and networking among researchers in the field of child abuse and neglect. The scope of the list includes all areas of CAN research (e.g., epidemiology, etiology, prevention, consequences, intervention, and treatment) and the full range of research issues (e.g., measurement, instrumentation, statistical analysis, ethics). The list is not open to discussions of program-related or clinical issues except as they relate to evaluation research.
6. How do I join the Child Maltreatment Research list serve?
Please go to our How to Subscribe to the CMRL page.
7. How do I end my subscription to the Child Maltreatment Research list serve?
Please go to our How to Unsubscribe from the CMRL page.
8. How do I request a dataset?
At the list of datasets, click on the title of the dataset . That will take you to its details page which has a "Request Dataset" link in the left sidebar: click the "Request Dataset" link to see the instructions for ordering that dataset.
9. How much does a dataset cost?
Datasets are free.
10. How long does it take to get a dataset?
Most datasets are delivered electronically within three business days. Orders for Restricted date (e.g. NSCAW Restricted Release, NCANDS Child File) require us to review and approve of applications to use the data, and that process can take 1-2 weeks.
11. How can I find out more about NDACAN's datasets?
The Datasets link takes you to the NDACAN list of datasets where you can select a dataset to view its details. Documentation for most datasets is available but if the documentation does not answer your question, please contact us.
12. What is the proper format for acknowledging NDACAN in a publication from a dataset?
Publications (e.g. articles, books, white papers, conference presentations, etc.) which use data obtained from the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN) should acknowledge that source as well as identify the original collector of the data. Please use some adaptation of the following statement, with the bracketed items filled in with the dataset(s) you used.
"This publication utilizes data from the study [dataset title(s)s and author(s)] which have been provided by the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN), a service of the Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Nothing herein should be construed to indicate the support or endorsement of its content by the collector of the original data, their funding agency, NDACAN, or ACF/DHHS."
Upon publication or release of your research, please email the bibliographic citation to the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect at NDACAN@cornell.edu. NDACAN requests this in order to provide funding agencies with essential information about the use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about new secondary analysis research.
13. Who can order data from NDACAN?
Researchers in the U.S. and territories may order datasets from NDACAN. Access to some datasets in our holdings requires affiliation with an institution that has an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Requests for data from users outside of the U.S. and territories are handled on a case-by-case basis.
13. Can I use a dataset to teach a class?
Every dataset has an ordering instructions page and if classroom use of that dataset is permitted, then a Classroom Terms of Use Agreement form will be provided on its ordering instructions page. Restricted datasets such as NCANDS Child File, NSCAW Restricted, and other Restricted datasets cannot be used in a classroom.
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