text:
1Development
2Features
2.1Chassis and suspension
2.2Powertrain
2.3All Wheel Drive
3First generation (1984–1987)
3.1Refreshed for 1986
3.2Trim levels
4Second generation (1988–1994)
5End of production
6Production figures
7Other markets
7.1China
7.2Mexico
8T-Drive Tempo
Ford Tempo
Also called
Ford Ghia
Ford Topaz
Mercury Topaz
Model years
United States: Claycomo, Missouri (Kansas City Assembly)
Canada: Oakville, Ontario (Oakville Assembly)
Mexico: Cuautitlán Izcalli (Cuautitlán Assembly)
Jack Telnack
Body and chassis
FF layout
AWD layout
Ford Fairmont / Mercury Zephyr
Ford Contour / Mercury Mystique[1]
The Ford Tempo and its Mercury counterpart the Topaz, are compact cars produced by the Ford Motor Company for model years 1984 to 1994. They were the downsized successors to the Ford Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr respectively. The Tempo and Topaz were the second in a series of aerodynamically-styled cars from Ford, preceded by the 1983 Ford Thunderbird and followed by the first generation Ford Taurus.[2] Although Ford tried to portray the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique that arrived in 1995 as new, up-market models, they are generally seen as the successors of the Tempo and Topaz.[3][4]
Development[edit]
In the late 1970s Ford began planning to replace their compact rear wheel drive Ford Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr models with a new smaller front wheel drive (FWD) car.[5] This new compact was expected to compete in the marketplace with General Motors' X-Body, but wound up more similar to GM's J-cars.[6] Ford's chief development engineer for the new car was Ed Cascardo.[7]
The Tempo and Topaz chassis shared some parts with the front-wheel-drive platform used on the first North American Ford Escort, but with a wheelbase stretched by 5.7 in (145 mm) and distinctive new bodies. There were few common components due to the Tempo and Topaz's larger size.[6] Switching to front-wheel drive freed up interior space that would have otherwise been lost to accommodate a driveshaft and rear differential.
Wind tunnel testing on the Tempo began in December 1978. More than 450 hours of testing resulted in over 950 different design changes. The Tempo and Topaz both featured windshields inclined at a 60° angle and aircraft-inspired door frames, two features that had both appeared on the Thunderbird and Cougar in 1983. The door frames wrapped up into the roofline, which improved sealing, allowed for hidden drip rails, and cleaned up the A-pillar area of the car. The rear track was widened, improving aerodynamic efficiency. The front grille was laid back and the leading edge of the hood was tuned for aerodynamic cleanliness. The wheels were pushed out to the corners of the body, reducing turbulence. The cars' backlights were also laid down at 60°, and the rear deck was raised, reducing drag and resulting in greater fuel efficiency. Viewed from the side, the raised trunk imparted a wedge stance to the car which was especially prominent on the two-door coupes. The aerodynamic work resulted in a coefficient of drag ( C d {\displaystyle \scriptstyle C_{\mathrm {d} }\,} ) of 0.36 for the two-door Tempo, equal to that of the aero Ford Thunderbird. The four door returned a drag coefficient of 0.37.[8]
The Tempo was designed for a four cylinder engine, but all production of Ford's 2.3 L Lima OHC four was committed to other product lines.[9] In 1983 Ford had stopped production of their 200 cubic inch Thriftpower inline six, leaving unused capacity at the Lima Engine plant.[10] Ford developed a four cylinder engine that shared some features of the Thriftpower six, topped with a new cylinder head and using other new technologies, while repurposing as much tooling as possible at the Lima plant.[11][12]
When the cars were released, a turbocharged version of the new four cylinder was said to be in development, but this engine never became available. At that point, a V6 was not being considered.[13]
Released in 1983 as a 1984 model, more than 107,000 two-door Tempos and more than 295,000 four-door Tempos were sold in its first year.
Features[edit]
Chassis and suspension[edit]
The Tempo's chassis is a steel unibody.[8] The structure from the firewall forward is shared with the contemporary Ford Escort.[14]
The Tempo's front suspension on each side comprises a lower lateral link triangulated by the anti-roll bar and a coil over MacPherson strut. The rear "Quadralink" suspension is two parallel lower lateral control links and a radius rod per side, with coil over MacPherson struts. This differed from the Escort's rear suspension, which used a lower lateral arm, radius rod, and non-concentric coil spring and shock absorber. The Tempo was the first ever American built Ford with an independent rear suspension using MacPherson struts.[15]
Brakes are 9.3 in (236 mm) discs in front and 8.0 in × 1.2 in (203 mm × 30 mm) drums in back.
Steering is by power assisted rack and pinion, with three turns lock-to-lock.
Standard tires on base models are 175/80R13, while higher trim levels have 185/70R14, and sportier models are fitted with Michelin TRX 185/65R365 metric tires on aluminum wheels.
Powertrain[edit]
The Tempo's four cylinder gasoline engine is called the "High Swirl Combustion" (HSC) engine and displaces 2.3 L. It has a cast iron block and head, with a single cam-in-block and two overhead valves (OHV) per cylinder with pushrods and rocker arms. The HSC engine was also offered in a "High Specific Output" (HSO) version producing 100 hp (75 kW).
In 1992 the 3.0 L Ford Vulcan V6 engine became an option in the Tempo.[16] Fitting the Vulcan V6 into the Tempo required changes to the water pump, and use of a more restrictive exhaust system that reduced maximum power.[17]
The original base transmission in the gasoline fueled Tempo/Topaz is a four-speed IB4 manual that made up part of what Ford called the "Fuel Saver" powertrain. A five-speed MTX-III manual or a three-speed FLC automatic were optional upgrades.
From 1984 to 1986 a version of Mazda's four-cylinder RF diesel engine was offered in the Tempo and Topaz. The only transmission paired with the diesel engine was the 5-speed manual.
All Wheel Drive[edit]
An optional All Wheel Drive (AWD) system became available in the Tempo and Topaz in 1987, and was offered until 1991. Although Ford had a long history with four wheel drive, and had built prototypes based on other car models before, the AWD Tempo was their first production passenger sedan to offer four wheel drive.[18]
This design of part-time system is not meant for serious off-road driving, nor for use on dry streets.[19][20] It is designed specifically to provide additional traction in slippery road conditions. The system is controlled by a rocker switch in the interior.[21][20] When activated, the system engages a clutch which sends power to a limited-slip rear differential via a new driveshaft. There is no transfer case.[19]
The all-wheel-drive system adds 105 lb (47.6 kg) to the weight of the car, and increases ride height by just 0.5 in (13 mm).[19]
The only engine offered with the AWD option was the HSO four cylinder, with the 3-speed automatic transmission.[19]
In 1991 Ford started referring to the system as "Four Wheel Drive" instead of All Wheel Drive.[22]
First generation (1984–1987)[edit]
2/4-door sedan
Ford Escort / Mercury Lynx
Ford EXP
2.3 L HSC I4 (gasoline)
2.3 L HSO I4 (gasoline)
2.0 L Mazda RF I4 (diesel)
3-speed ATX/FLC automatic
4-speed IB4 manual
5-speed MTX-III manual
99.9 in (2,537 mm)
176.7 in (4,488 mm)
Rear view of pre-facelift model
The first generation Tempo and Topaz were unveiled on the deck of the USS Intrepid, a decommissioned aircraft carrier that had been turned into a floating museum in New York Harbor.[13] They were released on 26 May 1983 as 1984 models.[23]
An early advertisement for the car featured a Tempo sedan performing a 360 degree loop on a stunt track. The car in the ad was securely attached to a track, and was pulled through the shot rather than operating under its own power.[24]
1987 Mercury Topaz sedan
As Ford's first downsized compact car, the Tempo arrived four years after GM's compact X-Bodies in 1979 for the 1980 model years, and two and a half years after Chrysler's compact K-cars were introduced. The four door Tempo had three windows in profile, somewhat similar to the European Ford Sierra, while the four-door Topaz received a more upright C-pillar without rear quarter windows. The front of the car featured two sealed-beam halogen headlamps in chrome trimmed recessed mounts, and the grille between them featured four thin horizontal slats, swept back to allow for greater air flow into the engine compartment and over the hood.
The first generation Tempo came standard with a four cylinder gasoline engine or an optional Mazda-built diesel engine. In late 1985 the four speed manual transmission was discontinued and the five-speed became standard. A slight modification was made to the five-speed transmission, moving the "reverse" position in the shift pattern from right beside first gear to the opposite bottom corner to reduce the likelihood of mistakenly selecting reverse rather than first gear during takeoff. The instrument panel featured a new, easier to read gauge layout, with all switches and controls placed within easy reach of the driver. In early 1985,[25] the Tempo became the first production American automobile to feature a driver's side airbag as a supplemental restraint system.[26] In 1984, Ford entered a contract with the General Services Administration and the Department of Transportation to supply 5,000 airbag-equipped Tempos. Half also received a special windshield designed to minimize lacerations to passengers, and all were early recipients of the high-mounted brake lights that became required by law in 1986.[27]
1986–1987 Ford Tempo sedan
Refreshed for 1986[edit]
In October 1985 the Tempo and the Topaz received several minor changes for the 1986 model year.[28] The rectangular sealed-beam halogen headlamps were replaced with new, plastic composite enclosures with a replaceable lamp. The new headlights were flush-mounted to match the redesigned front corner lights and freshly restyled grille, which more closely matched that of the new Taurus that debuted in 1986, while the Topaz received a half pseudo-lightbar grille similar to the one on the upcoming Sable. In back, the trunk and taillights were slightly restyled.
The engine received a new central fuel injection (CFI) system, although the carbureted version was offered in Canada until 1987. In 1986, the Tempo surpassed the Hyundai Pony to become the best selling new car in Canada.[29] A new "LX" luxury trim level replaced the GLX. Other changes included the addition of automatically retracting front seat belt shoulder straps, and a new all-wheel-drive model. Other features included power lumbar support, four-way power driver's seat, and a cassette player.
From 1985 to 1987, Ford offered the Sport GL, which included unique interior and exterior styling cues, the 2.3 L HSO engine, alloy wheels, tachometer, and the five-speed manual transaxle with a lower (numerically higher) final drive ratio of 3.73 for quicker acceleration. It was badged simply as "GL", but was recognizable because it lacked the GL's chrome front and rear bumpers.
For 1987, the Topaz received a standard all-wheel drive system for the GS-AWD and LS-AWD trim levels.
Trim levels[edit]
First generation Tempo trim levels:
L (Entry level model)
GL (Mid-range model. Also Sport GL)
GLX (Luxury model. 1984 and 1985 model years only)
LX (Luxury model. Introduced for 1986. Replaced the GLX)
AWD (1987 model year only.)
First generation Topaz trim levels:
L (Entry level model. 1984 model year only)
GS (Mid-range model. Equivalent to Tempo GL)
GS-AWD (1987 model year only)
LS (Luxury model)
LS-AWD (1987 model year only)
XR5 (Sport model. 1987 model year only. Coupe only)
Second generation (1988–1994)[edit]
2.3 L HSC/HSO I4
3.0 L Vulcan V6
5-speed MTX-IV manual
2,723 lb (1,235 kg)
For 1988 the Tempo and Topaz sedans were redesigned, while the coupes were just facelifted. The new look cars arrived in November 1987.[30][31] The changes made the Tempo and Topaz look even more like their respective Taurus and Sable stablemates. The front of the Tempo got a completely restyled grille featuring three thin horizontal chrome bars with a Ford oval in the center, and two composite flush-mounted rectangular headlamps with restyled front turn signal housings on either side. On the Tempo GLS, the grille was blacked out, as was the "D" pillar. At the rear were brand new flush mounted tail lamps. The rear quarter window was redesigned to match and blend evenly with the restyled rear door trim. The Topaz was differentiated from the Tempo by a more formal, more vertical rear window, a waterfall grille, more upscale wheels, and solid red tail lamps.
1988–1991 Ford Tempo coupe
The HSO engine was standard equipment on the Mercury Topaz XR5 and LTS models.[32]
Both the sedan and coupe received a brand new instrument panel design with a central gauge cluster that included a standard engine temperature gauge, and more ergonomic driver controls. Fan and windshield wiper controls were now mounted on rotary-style switches on either side of the instrument panel, and the HVAC controls received a new push-button control layout. Other changes included reworked interior door panels. A driver's side airbag continued as an option, a rarity then for an economy level car. On Tempo LX and AWD models, the interior received chrome and wood trim on the dashboard and doors. Topaz models featured a tachometer-equipped gauge cluster and a front center armrest as standard.
1992–1994 Mercury Topaz GS sedan
For the 1991 model year the all-wheel drive Tempo and Topaz and the Canadian market exclusive entry-level Tempo L were discontinued. For 1992, the Tempo and Topaz got a minor restyle, with the Tempo gaining body-colored side trim that replaced the black and chrome trim, as well as full body-colored bumpers. The Tempo's three bar chrome grille was replaced with a body-colored monochromatic piece, while the Topaz's chrome grille was replaced with a non-functional light-bar.
Also for 1992, the 3.0 L Vulcan V6 engine from the Taurus and Sable was introduced as an option for the GL and LX models, and as the standard engine on the GLS. The 1992 model year was the last year of the GLS, as it and its Topaz counterpart were discontinued in 1993. This left the Tempo with only two trim level options, GL and LX. 1992 also brought a slightly redesigned gauge cluster, with a tachometer reading up to 7,000 rpm instead of the previous 6,000 rpm. A fuel door indicator was added to the fuel gauge as an arrow pointing to the side of the car where the fuel door was located. 1992 was the only year when a speedometer reading to 120 mph was available in American models, and only in the GLS, XR5 and LTS trim levels; all other model years read to 85 MPH.
A revised body with eight headlamps was previewed late in 1991, and a redesigned Tempo was expected for 1993 or 1998.[33][34] No new Tempo model appeared.
Second generation Tempo trim levels:
L (Entry level model. Discontinued in 1991)
GL (Mid-range model)
LX (Luxury model. Sedan only)
AWD (Includes LX trim. Sedan only. Discontinued in 1991)
GLS (Replaced Sport GL as the performance oriented model. Discontinued in 1992)
Second generation Topaz trim levels:
GS (Mid-range model equivalent to the Tempo GL. Available from November 1987 to 1994)
GS-AWD (Available from November 1987 to 1991)
LS (Luxury model. Discontinued after 1992)
LS-AWD (Sedan only. Available from November 1987 to 1991)
XR5 (Sport model. Available from November 1987 to 1992. Coupe only. 3.0 L V6 engine was standard for 1992)
LTS ("Luxury Touring Sedan". Four-door equivalent of the XR5. Available from November 1987 to 1992)
End of production[edit]
By 1993 Ford had been losing money on the Tempo for more than a decade.[35] While the Tempo had long been a loss leader for Ford, the incoming Contour was based on the Mondeo, one of the most expensive cars in Ford's European lineup.[35] Ford was unsuccessful in drawing a distinction between the Tempo and Contour, and many buyers assumed that the new car would be priced the same as the old, causing some to face a large sticker shock.[3][36]
For buyers shopping for a compact Ford, moving to the Contour came with a jump in price: the range topping 1994 Tempo LX sedan with V6 cost about $12,900, equivalent to $20,888 in 2016, while a base model 1995 Contour GL with four-cylinder engine and manual transmission was $13,990, equivalent to $22,653 in 2016.
The Oakville plant was retooled to build the new-for-1995 Ford Windstar, while Kansas City and Cuautitlán switched over to production of the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique.
1994 marked the last year for the HSC engine, the 2.5 L having been dropped from the Taurus in 1991. It was also the end for the 3-speed FLC automatic transmission, with the Ford Escort and Mercury Tracer using the Ford F-4EAT transmission.
Production figures[edit]
The Tempo was a sales success for Ford, staying one of the top ten best selling cars in the US, if not one of the top five, during its entire production run. Through 1984, Ford sold a total of 531,468 examples of the Tempo and Topaz,[37] nearly 100,000 more units than the best-selling Toyota Camry of the day. All model year production figures for the Tempo are as follows:[38]
First generation production[39]
Yearly Total
1984 107,065 295,149 402,214
1985 72,311 266,776 339,087
Second generation production[39]
1990 8,551 209,875 218,426
Other markets[edit]
China[edit]
At least 8,200 Tempos were sent to China as part of Ford's first efforts to sell cars to the Asian nation.[40]
In an attempt to ease trade tensions with the United States, China agreed to buy millions of dollars worth of cars from the big three American automakers.[41] Ford's share of the deal was worth $32 million.[41][42]
This arrangement let China keep its favored nation status with the U.S. despite political tensions, and reduce China's dependence on autos imported from Japan.[41]
The initial order included 3,010 Tempos that were to be used as taxis and tourist vehicles.[43] It has been suggested that they were never used as taxis, but instead went to the government and were later sold to the private market.[42]
Mexico[edit]
Ford assembled and sold two models based on the American Tempo in Mexico — the Ford Topaz and the Ford Ghia.
The cars were built in Ford's Cuautitlán Assembly plant.[44] The lower level of automation at that plant translated into higher assembly costs, making a Mexican-built Ford Topaz retail for about US$400 more than a more well equipped US model with more effective pollution controls.[45]
The first to hit the Mexican market was the Ford Topaz, debuting in 1984. This car was based on the American Tempo, and was offered in both two door and four door sedan versions.[46] Like the US model, the Ford Topaz was restyled in 1988.[47]
The Ford Ghia debuted in 1992. Based on the American Mercury Topaz, this model was more luxuriously trimmed. A 5-speed manual transmission and V6 engine were available. [48]
T-Drive Tempo[edit]
In or around 1990, a modified Tempo was used as a rolling testbed for a new powertrain configuration that Ford called "T-Drive". This system used transverse inline engines with the drive for the transmission taken off the center of the crankshaft, rather than the end.[49]
The test Tempo's original transverse straight four engine and transaxle were replaced with a transversely mounted DOHC straight-eight engine and a center-mounted longitudinal transaxle. The T-Drive specification allowed for engines of 4, 6, and 8 cylinders of 2.0 L, 3.2 L, and 4.0 L respectively, and the Tempo received the largest engine.[49] Power output was estimated to have been in the range of 215–225 hp (160–168 kW).[50]
In 1991 the T-Drive technology was unveiled to the public as part of two concept cars; the Contour sedan and the Mystique minivan.[51] It did not go into production.
^ "Plant Information | Plant Name: Kansas City Assembly Plant". Archived from the original on 17 June 2012.
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^ a b Digman, Lester A. (1 January 1997). Strategic management: cases. DAME Publications. pp. 1, 5, 24. ISBN 978-0873936194.
^ Kenzie, Jim (9 September 1995). "1995 Ford Contour". wheels.ca.
^ Holusha, John (1 December 1985). "Ford puts its Future on the Line". New York Times. p. 94.
^ a b Dole, Charles E. (23 December 1982). "Curvy Thunderbird may forge auto style of the '80s". Christian Science Monitor.
^ Dunne, Jim (March 1983). "Ford's front-drive challengers: Tempo/Topaz". Popular Science. pp. 74, 75.
^ a b Witzenburg, Gary (April 1983). "Driving the Ford Tempo, Topaz and All-New Thunderbird". Popular Mechanics. pp. 96, 97, 176, 177.
^ Martin, Murilee (2 August 2017). "Cut-Down Engine of the Week: Ford HSC I4". Autoweek.
^ Niedermeyer, Paul (28 October 2010). "Curbside Classic: 1986 Ford Tempo — A Deadly Sin?". The Truth About Cars.
^ Lenox, H.; Scussel, A. J. (1983-06-06). "The New Ford 2.3L High-Swirl-Combustion (HSC) Engine". SAE International Passenger Car Meeting & Exposition. SAE Technical Paper Series. 1. doi:10.4271/831009. ISSN 0148-7191.
^ Niedermeyer, Paul (8 July 2019). "Cohort Outtake: 1984 or 1985 Ford Tempo – Tempo Non Fugit". Curbside Classics.
^ a b Dole, Charles E. (3 June 1983). "Ford goes on the offensive - with Tempo and Topaz". Christian Science Monitor.
^ "2.3L HSC / HSO History & Specifications". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
^ Stern, Milton (November 2020). "Tempo/Topaz twins: Ford was looking ahead with its new compacts". Hemmings Classic Car.
^ Mateja, Jim (8 December 1991). "The Drab Tempo Adds Some Power". Chicago Tribune.
^ Weissler, Paul (October 1991). "Engineering In the '92s". Popular Mechanics. pp. 86–89.
^ Mateja, Jim (13 October 1986). "Four-Wheel-Drive Tempo Has A More Down-To-Earth Design". Chicago Tribune.
^ a b c d Sikora II, Don. "Cheap Wheels: 1987-91 Ford Tempo All Wheel Drive". Collectible Automobile.
^ a b Lewis, Corey (22 April 2020). "Rare Rides: The 1989 Ford Tempo – Luxurious and All-wheel Drive". The Truth About Cars.
^ Kucinski, Leonard (8 August 1987). "Ford Tempo AWD — Latest Four-Wheel-Drive Entry Road Test". The Morning Call.
^ "1991 Model Topaz — Product Change Summary" (PDF). February 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2015.
^ "Late May Car Sales Rose 17.7%". New York Times. 4 June 1983.
^ Ross, Daniel Charles (March 1984). "Detroit Listening Post | The ad game Tempo". Popular Mechanics. p. 14.
^ "Ford offering airbags to fleet buyers". UPI. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
^ "Today in Ford History: Jan. 7". Media.Ford.com. 2007-01-07. Archived from the original on September 17, 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
^ Wakefield, Ron (June 1984). "Fords get an air-bagging". Wheels. Sydney, Australia: Murray Publishers: 27.
^ "Detailed specs review of 1986 Ford Tempo LX 4-door 2.3L EFi offered since October 1985 for North America U.S." www.automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
^ Stark, Harry A., ed. (1987). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1987. Vol. 49. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, Inc. p. 156. ISBN 0910589007. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
^ "Cars for 1988". Ebony. Vol. XLIII, no. 1. Johnson Publishing Company. 1 November 1987. p. 171 – via Google Books.
^ "Detailed specs review of 1988 Mercury Topaz LS Sport offered since November 1987 for North America U.S." www.automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
^ Stark, Harry A.; Bush, James W., eds. (1990). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1990. Vol. 52. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, Inc. p. 91. ISBN 0910589010. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
^ "Yankee Chic". Popular Mechanics. October 1991. pp. 71–85.
^ Dunne, Jim (October 1991). "…And In '93 And '94". Popular Mechanics. pp. 90, 91.
^ a b Taylor III, Alex (28 June 1993). "Ford's $6 Billion Baby". Fortune.
^ Mateja, Jim (7 May 1999). "Ford's Focus: Smooth Road After Contour". Chicago Tribune.
^ "1984 - Tempo / Topaz Introduction". Tempo Topaz Car Club of North America. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
^ "Section: History : Year by Year". Tempo Topaz Car Club of North America. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013.
^ a b Flammang, James M.; Kowalke, Ron (1999). Standard catalog of American cars, 1976-1999 (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-755-0. OCLC 43301709.
^ "U.S. automaker puts Ford in China's future". UPI Archive. 21 June 1993.
^ a b c "Company News; China Agrees to Buy Vehicles from the Big Three". New York Times. 29 July 1992.
^ a b de Feijter, Tycho (13 July 2012). "Spotted in China: Ford Tempo, and a History how it got there". CarNewsChina.com.
^ "Ford Exports Increase 33 Percent". PR Newswire. 26 August 1992. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016.
^ "Plant Information | Plant Name: Cuautitlan Assembly Plant". Archived from the original on 3 April 2008.
^ Conway, Patrick (January 2016). "Shifting Gears: Ford Motor Company in Mexico (A) | The Dilemma" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Juárez, Mau (20 August 2018). "Ford Topaz: recordando a uno de los sedanes favoritos de los 80 y 90" [Ford Topaz: remembering one of the favorite sedans of the '80s and '90s] (in Spanish).
^ Gutiérrez, Alberto (24 September 2020). "Ford Topaz: el exitazo de la gama media" [Ford Topaz: the smash hit of the mid-range]. Memo Lira (in Spanish).
^ Gutiérrez, Alberto (27 February 2020). "Ford Ghia: el lujo como sinónimo" [Ford Ghia: luxury as a synonym]. Memo Lira (in Spanish).
^ a b "Ford T-Drive". DrivingEnthusiast.
^ McTaggart, Bryan (24 December 2018). "Best of 2018: An Inline-Eight Ford Tempo? That Happened! Check This Freak Out!". BangShift.com.
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Car and Driver, March 1983, Volume 28, Number 9
Motor Trend, March 1983
Road & Track, April 1983
Road & Track, November 1983, Volume 35, Number 3
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford Tempo.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mercury Topaz.
"Tempo Topaz Car Club of America". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014.
"Tempo and Topaz Owner Association". Archived from the original on 4 December 2013.
"Ford Tempo Central". Archived from the original on 22 December 2012.
"How Ford Works | Ford Tempo and Taurus". HowStuffWorks. 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
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Q: Python - Swap rows and columns, while creating a dictionary with it I´m kind of new to Python, and I am trying to convert a list comprehension (Hands-on Data Analysis with Pandas by S.Molin) into a "normal" for loop, just for the mere purpose of practising.
Initially, the data comes from a CSV file and is loaded using Numpy. The result is each CSV row as a single array (void type) as follows:

array([('2018-10-13 11:10:23.560', '262km NW of Ozernovskiy, Russia', 'mww', 6.7, 'green', 1), ('2018-10-13 04:34:15.580', '25km E of
Bitung, Indonesia', 'mww', 5.2, 'green', 0), ('2018-10-13
00:13:46.220', '42km WNW of Sola, Vanuatu', 'mww', 5.7, 'green', 0),
('2018-10-12 21:09:49.240', '13km E of Nueva Concepcion, Guatemala',
'mww', 5.7, 'green', 0), ('2018-10-12 02:52:03.620', '128km SE of
Kimbe, Papua New Guinea', 'mww', 5.6, 'green', 1)], dtype=[('time',
'<U23'), ('place', '<U37'), ('magType', '<U3'), ('mag', '<f8'),
('alert', '<U5'), ('tsunami', '<i4')])

What I am trying is to alter it so that I get each column as an array of values, whose keys are the name of the columns:

{'time': array(['2018-10-13 11:10:23.560', '2018-10-13 04:34:15.580','2018-10-13 00:13:46.220', '2018-10-12 21:09:49.240',
'2018-10-12 02:52:03.620'], dtype='<U23'), 'place': array(['262km NW
of Ozernovskiy, Russia', '25km E of Bitung, Indonesia',  '42km WNW of
Sola, Vanuatu','13km E of Nueva Concepcion, Guatemala','128km SE of
Kimbe, Papua New Guinea'], dtype='<U37'),  'magType': array(['mww',
'mww', 'mww', 'mww', 'mww'], dtype='<U3'),  'mag': array([6.7, 5.2,
5.7, 5.7, 5.6]),  'alert': array(['green', 'green', 'green', 'green', 'green'], dtype='<U5'),  'tsunami': array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1])}

The List comprehension used for this purpose is:
array_dict = {col: np.array([row[i] for row in data]) for i, col in enumerate(data.dtype.names)}

The solution I got so far is:
d ={}
for i,col in enumerate(data.dtype.names):
    for row in data:
        d[col].append(row[i])

I get the following error:
*---------
KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [51], in <cell line: 2>()
      2 for i,col in enumerate(data.dtype.names):
      3     for row in data:
----> 4         d[col].append(row[i])
KeyError: 'time'*

I have researched a bit online and it could be related to the data type column "time". My guess, but I am pretty sure I am wrong, is that in the list comprehension each column is created as NumPy array directly, whereas here I am not setting it to be as such beforehand (and hence the problem with the data type).
Any help would be highly appreciated. Many thanks!

A: To produce the same result as the dictionary comprehension that you've provided:
d = {}
for i, col in enumerate(data.dtype.names):
    values = []
    for row in data:
        values.append(row[i])
    d[col] = np.array(values)

The error that you're getting is due to the fact that your dictionary d is empty (you have created it like so: d = {}. It does not contain the key 'time'. You could create the key like this: d['time'] = some_value, but you can't just access it if it doesn't exist.
If you want, you can use the collections.defaultdict. With it, you don't have to create the keys. If you access non-existend keys, the default value will be returned.
With your original code it would look like this:
from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(list)

for i, col in enumerate(data.dtype.names):
    for row in data:
        d[col].append(row[i])

dict(d)

Then however, the values of your dictionary are not np.ndarays, but simple lists.

A: A better way of displaying your array is (in ipython):
In [29]: x
Out[29]:
array([('2018-10-13 11:10:23.560', '262km NW of Ozernovskiy, Russia', 'mww', 6.7, 'green', 1),
       ('2018-10-13 04:34:15.580', '25km E of Bitung, Indonesia', 'mww', 5.2, 'green', 0),
       ('2018-10-13 00:13:46.220', '42km WNW of Sola, Vanuatu', 'mww', 5.7, 'green', 0),
       ('2018-10-12 21:09:49.240', '13km E of Nueva Concepcion, Guatemala', 'mww', 5.7, 'green', 0),
       ('2018-10-12 02:52:03.620', '128km SE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea', 'mww', 5.6, 'green', 1)],
      dtype=[('time', '<U23'), ('place', '<U37'), ('magType', '<U3'), ('mag', '<f8'), ('alert', '<U5'), ('tsunami', '<i4')])
In [30]: x.dtype
Out[30]: dtype([('time', '<U23'), ('place', '<U37'), ('magType', '<U3'), ('mag', '<f8'), ('alert', '<U5'), ('tsunami', '<i4')])
In [31]: x.shape
Out[31]: (5,)

It highlights the fact you have a structured array with 5 elements, and 6 fields (a compound dtype).
You can create a dict of all fields with:
In [32]: adict = {}
    ...: for i in x.dtype.names:
    ...:     adict[i] = x[i]
    ...:
In [33]: adict
Out[33]:
{'time': array(['2018-10-13 11:10:23.560', '2018-10-13 04:34:15.580',
        '2018-10-13 00:13:46.220', '2018-10-12 21:09:49.240',
        '2018-10-12 02:52:03.620'], dtype='<U23'),
 'place': array(['262km NW of Ozernovskiy, Russia', '25km E of Bitung, Indonesia',
        '42km WNW of Sola, Vanuatu',
        '13km E of Nueva Concepcion, Guatemala',
        '128km SE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea'], dtype='<U37'),
 'magType': array(['mww', 'mww', 'mww', 'mww', 'mww'], dtype='<U3'),
 'mag': array([6.7, 5.2, 5.7, 5.7, 5.6]),
 'alert': array(['green', 'green', 'green', 'green', 'green'], dtype='<U5'),
 'tsunami': array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1], dtype=int32)}

x['time'] is the time field for all records.  No need to iterate on records.
This structured array is not 2d; it is 1d, with records and fields (rows and columns is a common way of describing a 2d numeric array, though the terms are technically part of the numpy description.)
In [37]: x['mag']
Out[37]: array([6.7, 5.2, 5.7, 5.7, 5.6])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Alex Jones using bankruptcy to avoid payouts, Sandy Hook families allege
Sandy Hook families have asked a federal judge to remove InfoWars founder Alex Jones from control of his main company, alleging that Jones has siphoned off millions of dollars and is abusing the bankruptcy system to avoid paying court judgments for portraying the 2012 school shooting as a hoax.
Jones placed Free Speech Systems into bankruptcy in late July while he was in the middle of an Austin trial that ended with jurors awarding almost $50 million to the parents of 6-year-old Jesse Lewis, one of 20 children and six educators killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn.
Sued by other Sandy Hook families, Jones and Free Speech Systems are facing a similar trial this month in Connecticut and another trial later this year in Austin.
With potentially large jury awards looming, bankruptcy proceedings for Free Speech Systems — which reported $9.4 million in profits on $14.3 million in income in the first five months of this year — could determine how much money the Sandy Hook families receive, as well as the continued viability of Jones' Austin-based InfoWars media system.
Lawyers for the Sandy Hook parents recently told U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Christopher Lopez that they don't trust Jones to operate Free Speech Systems "in a way that maximizes the bankruptcy estate's value."
Instead, they asked the judge to make three significant changes:
Remove Jones' chosen chief restructuring officer, arguing that Marc Schwartz "is unable or unwilling to operate with competency and impartiality."
Place Free Speech Systems under the control of a bankruptcy trustee, not Jones or Schwartz.
Create a special committee to protect the Sandy Hook families' interests by monitoring Free Speech System's financial decisions and investigating its assets, liabilities and financial condition. The "tort claimants committee" also would weigh in on the final bankruptcy plan, which will determine how Free Speech System's debts to the Sandy Hook families and others will be paid off, and whether the business gets reorganized or liquidated to best meet its financial obligations, lawyers for the families told Lopez in a court filing.
"So long as FSS possesses its assets and controls its operations, the Sandy Hook families' prospects of a full and fair recovery remain in jeopardy," the filing said.
The families' request will be discussed in a hearing, likely to be held in mid-October.
"There are some serious allegations in there, and we have to find out what's going on," Lopez told lawyers who assembled in his Houston courtroom on Aug. 29 hearing to handle unrelated matters. "The request is very serious."
In their court filing, the families accused Free Speech Systems of squandering assets through misconduct, conflicts of interest and fraudulent transfers of money to Jones.
"FSS's conduct leading up to and since filing this bankruptcy reveals an out-of-control debtor that is still operated by Jones for the sole benefit of Jones," the Sandy Hook families alleged.
The court filing complained that Free Speech Systems paid Jones $18 million from 2018-21 on top of his annual salary of about $625,000 — payments that began the same year the parents filed defamation lawsuits after Jones repeatedly called the school shooting a hoax to advance gun control and portrayed the students' parents as government collaborators or hired actors.
Last April, Jones raised his annual salary to more than $1.3 million after entering into an employment agreement with Free Speech Systems after a decade of owning and running the company, the filing said.
Bankruptcy documents also indicate that Jones received additional payments of up to $62 million, the filing said, though lawyers for Jones countered that the claim was mistaken and based on "misunderstanding the difference between a balance sheet and an income statement."
The filing's biggest complaint focused on a $54 million debt Free Speech Systems says it owes to PQPR Holdings, calling the "supposed debt" the "centerpiece of Jones's plan to avoid compensating the Sandy Hook families."
PQPR is owned and operated directly and indirectly by Jones and his parents, the families alleged, adding that the debt conveniently materialized around 2020, when their lawsuits against Jones and Free Speech Systems were gaining ground in Texas and Connecticut.
"Money (Free Speech Systems) pays PQPR ends up in Jones's pockets," the families alleged. "A $54 million supposed debt to insiders … depicts a company being drained into insolvency to benefit insiders to the detriment of creditors.
A tort creditors committee could examine the debt as well as payments made to Jones, the families argued, including cryptocurrency worth almost $8 million that was donated to Free Speech Systems in April and May. "Jones personally cashed out $4 million to $5 million of those donations and put it into his personal bank account," the families told the judge.
Jones has said he intended most of the money to go toward operating Free Speech Systems and legal bills.
Schwartz and Free Speech Systems will be given a chance to oppose the families' requests. In the meantime, lawyers for PQPR asked the judge to reject the request for an oversight committee, saying it would lead to "protracted and perhaps unfounded, but certainly unnecessary, litigation."
A better alternative, they said, would be to have the already named bankruptcy trustee, who is not aligned with any party, conduct any investigation into Free Speech Systems' finances.
This article originally appeared on Austin American-Statesman: Sandy Hook families: Alex Jones using bankruptcy to avoid payouts
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Tags: bankruptcy trusteecourt filingfamilies allegedfree speechhook familiessandy hookschool shootingspeech systemssupposed debt
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nouveau by Raquel Welch is a short, full, and curly synthetic wig. It features all over curls that can be styled classic and full, or pieced and polished. The open petal curls blend into softly waved sides, then taper into a collar-length nape.


At The Turks Head we have helped to create many fabulous wedding receptions since we reopened three years ago. We can seat up to 60 people for dinner in our elegant dining room and 100 to 120 for a buffet.
All menus are bespoke and our efficient and friendly chefs and front of house team will help to create a day to remember. We are very happy to sit down with you and discuss how we might help you.


Approaching its second birthday, the Cairo-based art space Nile Sunset Annex made an identical replica of Hans-Peter Feldmann's "Hat with Photograph" (no date, no edition). The two were launched during the opening of its 15th exhibition, of three works from the 1970s by Ali Jabri and Mounir Canaan. A small visual presentation about doubles, fakes, objects, auras and air quality in Cairo and elsewhere was given, titled "A history of two Feldmanns/ One the original/ Two a copy/ Both equally heavy". The slideshow presented above stems from it, and is a riff on the word fake in two languages.
Nile Sunset Annex is an experimental self-funded artist-run project in Cairo. It organizes month-long exhibitions focusing on physical objects, and produces a publication for each show. It keeps one work from each exhibition in order to grow a contemporary art collection. Nile Sunset Annex was founded in January 2013. Click here for information about their program.
This exchange is part of A GUEST WITHOUT A HOST IS A GHOST—Collection in Residence, a collaboration between Kadist Art Foundation and Beirut.
Beirut currently hosts 23 artworks from the collection of the Kadist Art Foundation in Paris and San Francisco. Chapter One–The Exhibition presented the entire selection at Beirut, Townhouse Gallery and Contemporary Image Collective during May–June 2014. For Chapter Two–The Disposition, Beirut invited a number of Cairo-based artists, curators and institutions to pick a work as guest and attend to it some way that shares it with a public audience. See link on top for more information.


I am a designer and a Manufacturing Engineer that likes to design and invent new things. I have been experimenting with 3D printing and Laser Cutting for a couple of years now and would like to share some of my works.
Hello can you tell me the size in cm ?


Nature inspired interior design is all about including nature into the house. This post will introduce to the notion of the nature inspired interior design, giving some practical tips on achieving the desired outlook.
Nature inspired décor should maintain the look as if interior design was not considered while recreating the look. There are so many variations and perceptions of what is nature inspired decor should look like. Start with choosing your priorities. Not only the natural materials in furniture are encouraged, the whole decorating scheme should correspond to the general idea of Nature. Perhaps even copying the shapes of animals, plants and insects could be considered nature inspired, don't you think?
Think of colors, materials, textures – all should be practical, natural and alive at some point. Colors that are usually used in nature inspired interior are the subtle ones, beige, baby blue, peach-the gentle colors and of course they can be accented with other interesting bold hues. Wood, rattan are the natural materials for you furniture, stone being the flooring element and décor, well décor can be made practically of anything. Using various textures, such as rattan, cotton, linen, can also be a good start at creating nature inspired interior.
Don't go too far with trying to created a nature inspired interior, sometimes it is enough to include fruits, flowers, vegetables and alike as décor pieces. Most go for the rustic interior, complementing it with some natural décor items, which were mentioned earlier. Including greenery in your interior is a winning combination; however make sure that you display your plants accordingly.
Another good idea is to have your own mini garden for spices in your kitchen. DIY stuff is also a very inspiration start for the nature inspired interior design. As an example of the Nature inspired interior is Laura Zindel's apartment. She used wood as a dominant material, emphasizing white, brown and black colors in general. From her own words, the interior is nature inspired and carries the feel of nature. Doesn't it look homey and welcoming?


a multidisciplinary designer, programmer, web strategist, and entrepreneur in sunny San Francisco.
I founded and sold a tech company a couple years ago. Since then my work has been focused primarily on product design, with an emphasis on strategy, user experience, and prototyping.
Previously, I was the in-house designer for a social enterprise coffee company in Southeast Asia. I also ran a small studio that specialized in creating a strategic web presences for independent businesses.
I founded and was Chief Product Officer at a scrappy fintech startup. We built a tool for finance providers that aggregated and contextualized data on 100 million businesses.
I was tasked with giving this app a design refresh. This case study takes a look at my process for restructuring the screens to improve usability and how I gave it a more modern look.
Landing pages, marketing design, and other projects.
Above all, I love solo thruhiking – I've explored the mountains of Laos, Vietnam, Nepal, France, Italy, Scotland, Peru, Chile, and the US.
I read a book every week or so, and take photos like it's going out of style. I'm always learning something new. Lately I'm studying natural perfumery and figuring out some folk tunes on the guitar.


A village in Somerset has unveiled new Dutch-inspired sea defence technology to help protect homes and farms.
Stolford, which overlooks the Bristol Channel, flooded in 1981 and 1990, affecting homes and farmland.
The new £1.5m sea defence replaces a shingle ridge it cost the Environment Agency (EA) £50,000 a year to restore.
The agency said it was the first time the design had been used in the UK. Concrete plugs absorb wave power as water flows through the cavities.
In 1981 high tides topped sea defences, flooding 660 hectares of land - including 24 homes - and leading to the death of livestock.
Another storm and a high tide in 1990 also caused widespread flooding.
The "hillblock" design consisting of high-density concrete is commonly used in the Netherlands.
Each block is held in place by steel piles and concrete kerbs and can move slightly to better withstand the force of water.
The EA said the new defence would protect 20 properties and about 70 hectares of farmland. It is a small section of sea defence which runs between Stolford and nearby Hinkley.
John Curtin, executive director of flood and coastal risk management, said: "This is an exciting engineering first for UK - the new technology installed at Stolford can reduce wave energy by up to 30% compared to the shore protection traditionally used.
"It will provide valuable protection to this Somerset community and the surrounding agricultural land.
The agency added an alternative of rock armour was more expensive and visually intrusive.
The scheme was funded by the Wessex Regional Flood and Coastal Committee, EDF Energy and the Dutch government.


Just like that another year has passed, well almost, so it's time once again to look forward to what the next 365 days might bring.
Will 2019 be a winner for mortgage rates, or will home buyers and refinancers face more agony like they did in 2018?
As always, I compile predictions and data from the leading mortgage and real estate industry groups to come up with the annual forecast.
This year I'll also include my own prediction to provide even more insight (or confusion) to the situation. Let's dive in!
The chart above shows 2019 mortgage rate predictions from the MBA, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and NAR.
They're basically the biggest players in the residential mortgage space so they should have a good idea as to where rates may go, though like any other prediction, it might turn out that nobody gets it right.
Note that these predictions come from the last release of 2018 from these trade groups, and that they update their forecasts throughout the year, often monthly.
We'll start with the Mortgage Bankers Association and their monthly Mortgage Finance Forecast.
Each month, they adjust their expectations for things like housing starts, home sales, home prices, mortgage origination volume, and most importantly, mortgage rates.
Specifically, they detail where they think the 30-year fixed rate will land each quarter, based on Freddie Mac's average rate, which is based primarily on home purchase transactions.
As you can see, they expect a mild increase in fixed mortgage rates next year, though not a ton of movement.
At the moment, the 30-year fixed is pricing around 4.75% or so, depending on the lender, so we're talking a mere .25% bump in rate in 2019.
That's great news for home buyers who are already contending with higher asking prices that seem to be eating into purchasing power.
Now let's check in with Fannie Mae, which also releases a monthly economic and housing outlook that includes mortgage rate predictions.
Mortgage rates surpassed the key psychological 5% threshold in 2018, but it appears they won't do the same in 2019, per Fannie Mae's assessment.
They've got a pretty boring (and steady) 4.8% forecast for the 30-year fixed in all four quarters next years.
That should be welcome news for home buyers and potentially even some of those who have yet to refinance, and it means mortgage rates should be lower next year than they've been for a good chunk of 2018.
Interestingly, they lowered their numbers from a month earlier in light of the recent economic developments. They had been predicting rates over 5%, but no longer.
Still, that rather fickle forecasting means anything is on the table in 2019 so buyer beware.
Aside from releasing a weekly mortgage rate report, Freddie Mac also makes predictions via its monthly outlook.
Brother Freddie has slightly higher mortgage rate estimates for 2019, though they still appear favorable to all.
Early in 2019, they expect the 30-year fixed to average between 4.9% and 5%, before rising slightly to 5.2% in the third quarter and then 5.3% by yearend.
Assuming it plays out that way, most folks wouldn't be too upset. Again, it would amount to a very marginal bump from current levels.
One caveat is Freddie's outlook is dated from November, so there's a very good chance they'll adjust their expectations even lower in their next release. I will update the post accordingly.
In their 2019 National Housing Forecast, they said the 30-year fixed would average 5.3% throughout the year and eventually reach 5.5% by year-end.
But their monthly economic outlook is a bit more conservative in that department.
As you can see, they expect mortgage rates to inch up each quarter by very fine margins and end the year only slightly higher.
Depending on loan amount, the rise could be pretty unsubstantial if noticed at all. That's wonderful for prospective home buyers who are already grappling with high asking prices.
And NAR tends to err on the side of higher…perhaps to keep the pressure up on fence-sitting home buyers.
In their 2019 predictions post, the data analytics company (oh and they're a mortgage lender and iBuyer now too) predicted that the 30-year fixed would rise to 5.8% in 2019.
That sounds pretty aggressive, especially in light of recent pullbacks in the stock market, but you never know.
Still, it would represent an increase of about 1% from the current 4.75% to 5.8%. Let's hope they aren't right!
The caveat here is that their forecast came before the economy began to show more serious cracks, and even recession fears, so they'd probably lower their numbers fairly substantially if they were to revise them.
Then we have Trulia's forecast, which sees mortgage rates hitting 10-year highs in 2019.
Fortunately, interest rates have been very low over the past decade, so it sounds a lot worse than it really is.
They don't mention a specific rate in their 2019 Housing Market Outlook, just that rates on the 30-year fixed have been below 5% since the end of the Great Recession.
Ostensibly, that means they expect the 30-year product to climb above 5% in 2019, which wouldn't be all that surprising since it already surpassed those levels earlier this year, before correcting somewhat.
I predict mortgage rates to be mostly flat (on average) in 2019 after what was a pretty wild year for rates in 2018.
However, I do expect a decent amount of movement up and down along the way, which should provide good opportunities for those who keep an eye on things.
We've seen a lot of big moves in the stock market recently, and I expect the same to be true of mortgage rates.
While swings up and down are highly likely, there's also a good chance rates will return to their baseline levels, which could be around 4.75% on the 30-year fixed.
But that doesn't mean they might not jump up to 5% or higher at certain times during the year, or fall down to 4.625% or 4.5% either. Or even lower!
In summary, mortgage rates shouldn't pose any sort of threat to real estate in 2019, despite what we all thought a month ago. This is an excellent development, especially if home prices flatten out and inventory improves.
Of course, if mortgage rates drop in 2019 the seller's market may return in force.
Read more: 2019 mortgage and real estate predictions.


The partner spotlight is a weekly series where we go behind the scenes with some of the companies that make VendorDB great. Next up is TBWA Worldwide!
Disruption®. It is a tool for change and an agent for growth. It's our methodology but it's also embedded in our culture and DNA. It's our connective tissue that runs throughout our 300+ offices.
Which work or brand put you on the map?
Apple's 1984 commercial which essentially spearheaded the phenomenon of the Super Bowl ad and is still widely regarded as one of the best ads of all time.
Which campaign or work is your most underrated?
More like a well-kept secret.. we work with McDonald's in around 30 countries globally and this continues to expand. They are our 3rd largest global client and we created the Happy character in our Paris office 4 years ago, which has been rolled out globally and was recently introduced to the US market.
How has the business changed since your agency has started?
40+ years have passed and the technology that has emerged in that time has moved the business immeasurably. The Internet, smart phones. Things were much simpler in 1970 – you had print, radio and TV. Today, we have this vast canvas to play with coupled with consumers who have ever-decreasing attention spans. The one thing that has stayed true from the Mad Men era through today is our role as brand storytellers. Now we just have to tell it in many more ways, in many more places, and let the consumers be an active participant and proponent of our stories.
Which industry affair is most likely to send your employees to rehab: Cannes, AICP or SXSW?
Cannes for the first-time creative director, AICP for the uninitiated junior producer and SXSW for the digital folks.
What is the best thing about working at TBWA?
It feels like the smallest big network. It is easy to forget there are more than 11,000 people around the word. We work across offices on Disruptions, Swats and global client business. There is a familial feeling when you visit another TBWA office, no matter where it is in the world and in every office you know there is someone you'd like to go have a beer with at the end of the day.
What makes your agency culture special?
The creative spirit that runs through every being in every office around the world. Essentially, the people that work here.
Where is the best bar in the network?
Our London office has a pretty rocking bar in their office, where bands will play from time to time.
Yes but much like Vegas, what happens here, stays here!
You can learn more about TBWA Worldwide on VendorDB and at tbwa.com.


Training and Placement Cell is an integral part of the institute. The institute has provided complete infrastructure for effective functioning of the cell. Training activities are organized throughout the year in an effort towards preparing the students for the campus selection programmes. The cell keeps on inviting various industries and reputed firms for campus recruitment. It modules the engineering & management grades to young corporals. The cell is sensitized to function all through the year towards generating placement and training opportunities for the students. Reputed industrial houses across the country visit our institute regularly for the campus recruitment programmes. The cell maintains a very cordial relationship with all the recruiting industries and also prepares the recruited candidates to face the competitive world.
NH-24B, Raebarely Road, Nigohan Lucknow, U.P.


text:
Racing: Condition Cole's only worry
5 Dec, 2003 3:14am 3 minutes to read
Big changes coming
5 Dec, 2003 3:24pm 3 minutes to read
TVNZ to lose another high-profile presenter
5 Dec, 2003 7:28am
April Bruce
By AINSLEY THOMSON
Yet another well-known face is leaving TVNZ.
One News sports presenter April Bruce (nee Ieremia) will leave the programme at the end of the month.
TVNZ says the former Silver Fern is leaving, after 10 years on the programme, to spend more time with her family.
Bruce has apparently found it difficult to balance the needs of her 9-month-old baby with the increased hours she has been expected to work since returning from maternity leave.
The Herald understands that Bruce has been in talks with TVNZ over an employment dispute for the past two months.
In October it was reported in the National Business Review that Bruce, believed to be paid between $150,000 and $180,000, was in disagreement over the hours she was expected to work and had appointed a lawyer to negotiate on her behalf.
Last night TVNZ spokeswoman Diana Schnauer said she would not comment, saying it was speculation.
Ms Schnauer did say that with the changes to One News there was an expectation of staff to work longer hours.
She said TVNZ would make no further comment other than the statement by head of news and current affairs Bill Ralston that Bruce had been an important member of the news team and would be missed.
Bruce declined to comment last night.
A regular in women's magazines and a former radio host, Bruce is the latest in a growing list of "celebrities" to leave TVNZ.
Last week weatherman Jim Hickey, a 15-year veteran on One News, announced he would leave at the end of the year to focus on producing television programmes and to settle at his New Plymouth home with his wife and 10-year-old daughter.
Since starting as head of news and current affairs in July, Ralston has gone about dismantling TVNZ's celebrity culture.
The biggest head to roll is that of Richard Long.
In October, after months of rumours and leaks, it was finally confirmed that the 16-year pairing of Judy Bailey and Long would come to an end for good.
Next year Bailey will front the weeknight bulletins alone.
Bruce leaves on December 19, and no decision has been made on who will replace her as sports reporter.
Disappearing faces
Richard Long's contract as One News presenter not renewed.
Jim Hickey resigns.
Mike Hosking dumped as Sunday presenter.
Pam Corkery's late-night show The Last Word cancelled less than six months after it started.
EV policy could subsidise unsafe cars: National
Arrested made after Hawera armed police callout
'Consenting hedgehogs' spark police call
Vector crews working to isolate damaged network after being given access to crash site.
Two diggers have tried to remove car to no avail.
It 'makes no sense' that Housing NZ would make such an agreement, Tenancy Tribunal said.


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Elegant, richly finished base bears a golden plaque inscribed with the words, "The Wonderful World of Disney Christmas"
©Disney. Winnie the Pooh elements based on the works of A.A. Milne and E.H. Shepard. ©2016 Hawthorne Village. All rights reserved. © The Bradford Exchange. All rights reserved.


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Weekly Update #13 news
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In this week's update, the team goes over another unique and addictive topic that has popped up within video games and pop-culture: Drugs.
Posted by INTgame on Apr 7th, 2016
Hello Sci-Fi/Western RPG fans and welcome to the latest and greatest "Weekly Update" for INT!
As the days draw closer and closer to RavenCon, the Starboard Games LLC team is working harder than ever to put the finishing touches of our convention build together so that there will be a solid and enjoyable product for you all to experience at the end of this month.
Anyway, with that major piece of news out of the way, let's jump into the deep end of this week's article!
This week we are going to talk about another unique and addictive topic that has popped up within video games and pop-culture on far more than one occasion. I am, of course, talking about the time honored tradition of recreational substance abuse. In other words, today we are talking about drugs.
From the "Death Sticks" of Star Wars to the "Skooma" of Skyrim, the creation of unique concoctions has become commonplace in the process of constructing a believable universe. While the usage of these fresh new recreational substances are oftentimes frowned upon by those societies within the game, their mere presence helps to ground the game's setting firmly within reality. Drugs, no matter how harmful they may be to the individuals taking them, are pretty much a certainty as there will always be those individuals looking to profit off of the habits of others.
The INT universe is no different in this regard as it too has its fair share of drug dealers, addicts, and crooks looking to make a quick buck off of the hottest new product on the market. Also, much like our own universe, while there are issues of substance abuse amongst the upper-classes, the player shall most likely encounter those connected/affected by the drug trade within the bombed out slums and underbelly of the planet Bastion as they fight their way through the ruins to survive.
Upon the planet of Bastion, the drug of choice is a substance known as "Vapor" or "The Dust" which was created by the devilish Prometh Syndicate after one of their founders discovered that a form of coolant gel, when heated and combined with trace amounts of prescription pain killers, inspired within their user a dreamy, euphoric state whether inhaled or taken orally. As the name might suggest, most users grind up this psychotropic substance and inhale it through the usage of a converted gas mask or breather in order to allow it to have a greater impact.
The vapor, much like many of those hardcore drugs like it, can destroy its user mentally. The withdrawals are sharp and intense and the cravings are powerful enough to drive individuals mad enough to attack others in an attempt to get money to buy more. The player is extremely likely to run into many of these individuals and their stashes over the course of the journey, but it will be up to them to decide what exactly to do when they come face to face with the half-crazed expression of a desperate addict.
You may have noticed that there was no Rogue Space episode this last week and, for that, we here at Starboard Games LLC would like to apologize profusely. It is not like us to miss one of our weekly releases, but unfortunately circumstances beyond our control (illness and technical issues abound) intervened so as to make release of the latest episode pretty much impossible. With any luck we shall be able to bring you a brand new episode later this month in order to make up for the one we missed and we would love to hear your feedback regarding what you would like to hear on the next episode!
Starving for interaction with the INT team? No need to fear! The "INT Plays D&D" group shall be gathering once more this Saturday to stream their crazy campaign of armored walls, annoyed highwaymen, a crazed druid, and a demonic warlock who seems to have been dragged into their travels. Come and join them and witness the awful/amazing voice-acting a bunch of game developers have given their characters.
Today we are nearing the end of our tour through the Sol System with the next planet on the list: Neptune!
Neptune is something of the "Poor Man's Jupiter" since it contains many of the same conditions that make orbital space above the Solar System's largest gas giant. Also known as the "outsiders' world," smaller corporations or those forced out of the Jovian sphere of influence due to politicking have found a small niche here. Able to produce Interstellar Drives without any of Uranus' issues, it stands as the last chance for some while operating as the first hope for others.
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CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO
5 Pack - Sold Out 10 Pack - Sold Out 20 Pack - Sold Out
Oh you know we've been cookin' up some serious goodness!
There's just nothing better than Chocolate Chip Cookies! They're sweet and savory...chocolatey, vanilla-y, just perfect! We can't imagine a better flavor profile for a dessert-style Ezra Zion cigar!
If you were fortunate enough to get in on the first Chocolate Chip Cookie release a few years ago...then you know how utterly delicious it was! (BTW...it's so rare to find one! A total unicorn!)
If you're a fan of deep, decadent, rich flavors...then you just might have a new favorite cigar with the CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO!
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO took us years to blend! We searched the world over for an extra-special, extra-chocolatey maduro wrapper. It's so gorgeous and silky! And it's as pretty as it is delicious!
In fact, the wrapper is so oily and full of flavor...that it's actually seeping through the paper on the fivers! We've never seen anything like it!
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO is a full-bodied, med/full-strength 5x50 short toro. The wrapper is a 10-year-aged, double fermented San Andres maduro leaf. Fillers are a closely guarded secret...but all tobaccos are 9-12 years aged!
First light is a wave of chocolate chips, maple, sweet cream, and baking spices. Roasted coffee beans, black pepper, and Madagascar vanilla immediately follow. The finish adds a lingering dark chocolate. The retrohale brings a warming cinnamon burn.
As it progresses, notes of dark brown sugar, white oak, and whipped cream appear. The blend gets toastier with hints of walnut, clove, and cocoa. The balance is impeccably perfect!
Halfway, it gets even richer! Bold notes of milk chocolate, cappuccino, cake frosting, and aged leather emerge. Toffee, dried fruit, cardamom, and graham cracker immediately follow. It's hard to describe how deep the flavors are. It's completely incredible!
Last third, everything gets intense! Caramel, whiskey barrel, and nutmeg join the mix. Creamy espresso, custard, toasted almond, and Tootsie Roll (don't know how else to describe it.) The flavors continue to layer and layer over each other. The complexity is off the charts!
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO is...dare I say it...one of our best blends ever! I don't mean to sound cliche, but it's just so magnificent and tasty! It's just on a whole other level!
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE MADURO will be SOLD OUT extremely fast! Our very sincerest apologies to those who miss it! We try to let everyone know ASAP whenever there's a new release. (Make sure to join our text notifications by texting EzraZion to 31996.)
I'm telling you as a friend...whatever you're gonna order...DOUBLE IT! Because when you smoke it...you'll wish you'd bought more!
Total Production: 630


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Batman / Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II #2
The team behind the smash-hit crossover series is back to reunite the Dark Knight and the Heroes in a Half-Shell. When Donatello goes looking for a new mentor to help him improve his fighting skills, he opens a doorway to another reality, hoping to summon the Turtles' one-time ally, Batman. But instead, he gets sent to Gotham City and someone else comes through the open portal-Bane! Suddenly, there's a new gang boss in New York and he's out to unite all the other bad guys under him. Can Donnie get back in time and bring Batman with him to help his brothers before Bane causes irreparable destruction? Co-published with IDW.
James Tynion IV
Freddie E. Williams II


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2.6 Social determinants of adolescent health: economic factors
Выбор языкаАнглийскийИспанскийРумынскийСербскийТайскийТурецкий
Let's turn now to focus on the social determinants of health with a focus beyond the immediacy of family and peers, to a set of more distal or structural social determinants of health. There are many of these that can be grouped in many different ways. I've arbitrarily grouped them into four key themes, with the next few lectures addressing each of these in turn. And, we'll focus on economic factors, human rights and gender, population displacement, and advertising and marketing. But, let's start by focusing on economic factors. We know that greater national wealth is strongly associated with better health outcomes in both sexes, with the exception of self-reported injuries, exposure to violence, and smoking. But, countries with a very low income have up to a 5 fold variation in, for example, male adolescent mortality, and a 10 fold variation in teenage birth rate, despite similar national wealth. And in the next few slides, I'll show these on a graph. This fact that this extent of variation suggests that cultural, religious or other social factors strongly moderate the effects of structural determinants, such as wealth. Let's look at this in more detail on this graph. This graph is taken from the second paper of the recent Lancet series on adolescent health led by Russell Viner and colleagues. And you can see on the horizontal axis is gross domestic product per person calibrated to a thousand US dollars. On the vertical axis is deaths per 100,000 population of 15 to 19 year olds. And as can be seen with this line that I've drawn here, which groups countries with the same, in this case, low gross domestic product. You can see there's more than a five fold difference in mortality, for the same level of GDP. Similarly, in the next graph, where again, we've plotted gross domestic product on the horizontal axis, and this time, births per 1,000 girls, ages 15 to 39 years on the vertical axis, which is grouping countries with the same level of GDP, we can see up to a tenfold difference, a highly dramatic difference in birth rate. What this means is that it's more than just the level of income that matters. Countries have political, economic and social systems that produce more or less income inequality. Those countries with greater income inequality have poorer health across all outcomes. Again, with the exceptions of reported injuries, exposure to violence and smoking rates. And the associations we see between national wealth, inequality and adolescent health probably relate both to cumulative effects that persist from earlier childhood, together with contemporary or pathway effects that take place during adolescence itself. Now we know that wealth generated by national economic development is highly beneficial for adolescents. But their health is vulnerable to income inequalities generated by development particularly where rapid urban development and urbanisation create large populations of deprived, marginalised and displaced young people. And particularly when unemployment is high. Employment is a mechanism through which young people share in the wealth of a society. Long-term unemployment or underemployment among young people carries a heavy price. Young people who struggle to find work often suffer permanent scarring of their future earning power with a potential for profound impacts on their health, especially on mental health, including suicide and violence related mortality. The particular challenge is that the young are especially hard hit when economic times are tough. For example, 15 to 24 year olds are nearly 3 times as likely to be unemployed than older adult workers. And while 15 to 24 year olds comprise 17% of the population, they constitute 40% of the unemployed. Now, the International Labor Organisation estimated the global unemployment rate among 15 to 24 year olds to be 12.6% in 2013, equating to 73 million young people jobless worldwide. This compares threefold higher to an estimated global unemployment rate at that time of 4.5%. However, interestingly, the World Economic Forum estimated much higher rates, suggesting that about 30% of the world's 15 to 24 year olds are not in school and not employed. There is less debate about where the highest rates of unemployment are, and this is namely in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe where youth unemployment rates have skyrocketed since 2008. For instance, in developed economies and the European Union, joblessness among young people has ballooned by nearly 25% in the past five years, reaching a devastating 18.1% overall. In the meantime, Europe is seeing a greater proportion of its youth being forced to take jobs they are overqualified for, or to take part time or temporary work. A phenomena that is seen the world over. Levels of informal employment among young people are soaring, and young people are finding it ever more difficult to find jobs that match their skills and education. Not only does this mean that society is missing out on new skills from highly qualified young people, but it also means that the overeducated young are preventing less qualified and less skilled young people from entering the workforce. In this graph, here, you can see that percent change in youth unemployment in European countries over really a very short period of time, 2008 to 2013. And as you can see, those highest increases in the rate of unemployment are in Greece, Spain and Portugal. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, professor of epidemiology and public health at University College London, is a global expert in inequalities in health and their causes. Most recently chairing a review on the social determinants of health in Europe, that was commissioned by the World Health Organisation. He used the most powerful of language by referring to the growing rates of youth unemployment in Europe as a public health emergency. But it is not just public health advocates who share this same view. Dr. Ken Henry is an economist and past Secretary of the Department of Treasury in Australia. He suggested that, young people that are not in the education system and who are denied work are deprived of the freedom to lead a life that they would otherwise choose. And he argued that this is a threat to their human rights.


As Americans this fall recall the 10th anniversary of the stock market crash of 2008, most of the recent economic news has been good—low unemployment, a thriving stock market, and rising home prices—but the focus on positive developments nationwide obscures the financial struggles still faced by many families.
A recent panel discussion sponsored by The Pew Charitable Trusts at the National Association of Black Journalists' convention in Detroit highlighted these continuing concerns. The conversation, moderated by Teresa Wiltz, a senior writer at Pew's Stateline news service, included academics, community activists, and journalists. The panelists offered an in-depth look at how finances for many families often do not reflect the upbeat economic trends, and, more specifically, how these changes are affecting African-American communities.
For example, Pew released a report in April that focused on how many Americans are rent burdened, meaning they are paying more than 30 percent of income toward rent. The analysis found that in 2015, 38 percent of all "renter households" met that definition, an increase of 19 percent since 2001. Within that total, nearly half—46 percent—of African-American-led renter households were rent burdened, compared with 34 percent of white households.
These numbers matter because rent-burdened households tend to be financially insecure. Nearly two-thirds had less than $400 cash in a bank account. That jumped to 84 percent among rent-burdened households headed by African-Americans. Half of all rent-burdened families had less than $10 in savings, while half of homeowners had more than $7,000 available. In addition to having little savings to withstand a financial emergency, the data showed that rent-burdened households also struggle to transition to homeownership, one of the most widely used tools for building wealth and long-term financial security.
Ron Stodghill, a professor of journalism at the University of Missouri, highlighted research by Pew and others showing that metro areas with the highest rates of economic segregation also experience the lowest rates of economic mobility. "Even if you're upwardly mobile, your house is going to be worth less [if you own a home]," Stodghill said.
Trooper Sanders, a Rockefeller Foundation fellow and a domestic policy adviser in the Clinton White House, said education can be a critical way to increase economic mobility. Still, he cautioned that it can be challenging to pursue a degree after a career in an unrelated field, a reality that puts many 21st century jobs just out of reach. It can be unrealistic, he said, to expect someone "… to simply go out and take classes at the local community college," because time—and money—are limited resources for many working-class families.
Time, like disposable income, is in short supply for families that may be struggling financially.
And lower incomes make saving more difficult. For example, most American households (55 percent) are savings-limited, meaning they can replace less than one month of income through liquid savings. When race is taken into account, a quarter of black households would have less than $5 if they liquidated all financial assets, compared with $199 and $3,000 for the bottom 25 percent of Hispanic and white households, respectively.
Some people also face issues particular to their communities. Sarida Scott, executive director of Community Development Advocates of Detroit, spoke about the confluence of economic factors linked to the Great Recession that worsened problems in her city. In the years after the 2008 market crash—which included a city bankruptcy filing in 2013—property values dropped drastically, and property taxes were assessed incorrectly. Many homeowners found themselves required to pay tax bills that did not reflect the value of their homes. These inflated assessments led to many foreclosures, particularly for working-class African-American families.
Scott's group is part of the Coalition to Stop Unconstitutional Property Tax Foreclosures in Detroit. She highlighted how limited time and difficulties navigating complicated paperwork created new and larger barriers to financial security.
Pew's 2014 Survey on American Family Finances showed that financial security is a three-legged stool supported by income, expenditures, and wealth. As many households continue to walk a financial tightrope, stock market gains do not add hours to the day, nor extra income month to month. In fact, just 54 percent of all households have market investments, according to a 2017 Gallup survey. That's down 8 percentage points since 2008. Moreover, wages over time have remained largely stagnant, meaning the challenge of making ends meet remains difficult. Although the economic numbers look strong on a macro level, the lived experiences of families, especially in low- and moderate-income communities, provide a less positive outlook.
Karen Kavanaugh directs The Pew Charitable Trusts' project on financial security and economic mobility.
Nearly 43 million U.S. households rented their homes in 2016, including about 9 million households that were formed over the preceding decade, according to the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies. Demand for rental properties has increased across age and socio-economic groups since 2008. Recent research indicates that although some of those increases can be explained by population shifts, a significant portion is the result of declines in homeownership since the Great Recession.
There is a growing recognition among Americans that moving up the income ladder in the United States can be challenging: As recently as 2014, only 23 percent of Americans believed that it's common for someone to start poor, work hard, and become rich, which was down 16 percentage points from just five years earlier.
This interactive highlights the financial balance sheets of 17 family types and illustrates how household demographics, such as education, race, and family structure, relate to financial security. Users can explore three areas of the balance sheet—income, wealth, and liquid savings—to better understand how families are doing financially and how they perceive their financial well-being. The interactive is based on data from Pew's nationally representative Survey of American Family Finances. Select a profile to get started.


A former warlord branded the "Butcher of Kabul" returned to the Afghan capital on Thursday morning, two decades after leaving the city where he is accused of carrying out war crimes.
Afghan warlord and ex-prime minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's return to the political mainstream months after etching a landmark peace deal with Kabul has been hugely controversial.
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a former prime minister, has returned to mainstream political life after his dormant Hezb-i-Islami militant group signed a peace deal with the government in September.
His convoy to the capital on Thursday, comprising of several hundred vehicles, mainly pickup trucks equipped with machine guns, was greeted by hundreds of onlookers, including supporters bearing the green party flag and flowers.
A controversial figure, Hekmatyar earned his bloody nickname for laying siege to the capital while premier during the country's 1992-1996 civil war.
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's bombardment of Kabul during the 1990s inflicted some of the worst damage in more than 40 years of war, destroying one-third of the city and killing tens of thousands of civlians.
Hekmatyar returned to public life on Saturday at a gathering in Laghman province, two hours east of Kabul.
As it progressed through the city Thursday, his convoy was joined by hundreds of cars of supporters bearing flags over their windows, singing the national anthem or chanting "Welcome to Kabul, Honourable Hekmatyar" in Pashto.
He is later set to travel to the presidential palace to meet and shake hands with President Ashraf Ghani.
Hekmatyar is the latest in a series of controversial figures that Kabul has sought to reintegrate by granting judicial immunity for past crimes.
The peace agreement inked in September marked a symbolic victory for the government, which has struggled to revive peace talks with the more powerful Taliban.
But it has sparked revulsion from human rights groups and residents of the capital who survived the civil war.
In the week ahead of his return, huge billboards sprang up around the city but were quickly covered in paint or mud, testament to the polarising nature of the peace deal.
Hekmatyar's bombardment of Kabul during the 1990s inflicted some of the worst damage in more than 40 years of war, destroying one-third of the city and killing tens of thousands of civilians.


I'm busy making my 6 year old's party dreams come true this week. He is having a Superhero Training Academy Party on Saturday. We did this party for my other son when he was 5 and it was a hit. Hopefully I'll be able to share some of the things I make as I go.
I scrounged up a huge piece of cardboard and painted a Hall of Justice to dress up the swingset. We are going to need Headquarters to protect for one or our activities.
A couple of signs + one swingset = Instant Superhero Headquarters. Here's a picture of the one we made a few years ago. We just hammered nails through the cardboard into the wood.


John LeClair (born July 5, 1969 in St. Albans, Vermont) is currently a member of the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team. He was a member of the Stanley Cup-winning Montreal Canadiens in 1993. He has played on the U.S. Olympic hockey team twice and has had three 50-goal seasons in the NHL.
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Diana Vreeland was the fashion editor of the twentieth century. She had an incredible aura of glamour and a genius for enlivening life with enticing fantasy. Diana Vreeland goes behind the scenes to tell her story?how, with innate talent and hard work, the imaginative and ambitious daughter of an old New York society family became a legendary arbiter of fashion and style. It reveals the growth of her professional prowess and details her personal history, as it captures Vreeland's pizzazz, humor, flair, and flamboyance.
This beautiful book?with a new preface by Vreeland's protÉgÉ and renowned fashion authority AndrÉ Leon Talley?is lavishly illustrated with more than three hundred drawings and photographs, many by the best fashion photographers of the time: Louise Dahl-Wolfe, Irving Penn, Cecil Beaton, and BrassaÏ. Here, too, are the trendsetters, artists, models, and celebrities with whom Vreeland worked and played, including Coco Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, Hubert de Givenchy, Oscar de la Renta, Elsie de Wolfe, Andy Warhol, Truman Capote, and Jacqueline Kennedy.
The fashion editor of Harper's Bazaar from 1937 to 1962, Vreeland first shook things up with her "Why Don't You...?" column. Working with the legendary editor Carmel Snow, she drastically changed the look of the magazine by using provocative, exciting photography. As editor in chief of Vogue from 1962 to 1971, she brought vitality and beauty to its pages, letting her photographers and editors follow their own creative bents, sending them off to shoots in foreign lands and encouraging them to use their talents in fresh and provocative ways.
In 1972, she became special consultant to the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute, where she masterminded costume extravaganzas, contributing to the new age of blockbuster museum exhibitions and bringing hundreds of thousands to see costume history.
When Vreeland became blind in the mid-1980s she said it was because she had seen so many beautiful thi
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Davis Creek is a small wet-weather creek that runs just outside of Edison. I took this photo during a wet season, but the creek was still quite low.
This entry was posted in Edison and tagged Calhoun County, Creek, Edison, Incorporated Town, Physical Feature. Bookmark the permalink.


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Heterocentron muricatum är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som beskrevs av Henry Allan Gleason. Heterocentron muricatum ingår i släktet Heterocentron och familjen Melastomataceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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