Iron is an important nutrient that's used by the body to produce hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in the red blood cells (RBCs) that helps your blood carry oxygen and deliver it to all your other cells.
Without hemoglobin, the body will stop producing healthy RBCs and your baby's muscles, tissues, and cells might not get the oxygen they need.
Breast-fed babies usually get enough iron from their mother's milk, while infants fed with formula should receive iron-fortified formula.
When your toddler switches to eating regular foods, they might not be eating enough iron-rich foods. This can put them at risk for iron deficiency, which is the most common cause of anemia.
Iron is also important for the immune system. Not getting enough iron can mean more infections, more colds, and more bouts of the flu.
How much iron does my toddler need?
Ever wonder why so many cereals are fortified with iron? Iron is a very important nutrient for a rapidly growing toddler. It might be difficult for a picky toddler to obtain enough from solid foods. The recommended daily requirements for iron vary by age.
Low-birth-weight and premature infants usually require more iron than normal-weight babies.
Dietary iron has two main forms: heme and nonheme. Plants contain nonheme iron. Meats and seafood contain both heme and nonheme iron.
Nonheme iron isn't as easily absorbed by the body as heme iron. This is true for both toddlers and adults. If your child eats a vegetarian or mostly vegetarian diet, aim for twice as much iron as the recommended amount.
The body absorbs iron better when the iron is ingested along with a source of vitamin C. To increase the amount of iron absorbed by the body, serve iron-rich foods alongside foods rich in vitamin C.
What foods should my toddler eat for iron?
Feeding your toddler iron-rich foods alongside foods high in vitamin C can help decrease their risk of developing iron deficiency. Toddlers shouldn't only be given cow's milk because it doesn't contain any iron.
Meat and poultry are good sources of iron because they contain large amounts of heme iron. Beef, organ meats, and liver in particular have a lot of iron. Dark chicken and turkey meat are also rich in iron.
Try making your toddler a stew or casserole with soft, well-cooked lean meat. Make sure to remove the fatty part of the meat since there is very little iron in the fatty parts. Spaghetti with meat and tomato sauce is another iron-friendly option.
Fortified and low-sugar cereals like oatmeal are one of the best ways to ensure your toddler gets enough iron.
A serving of iron-fortified cereals and oatmeal typically has 100 percent of the daily value for iron in just one serving. The exact amount will vary, so be sure to check the label. Dry cereals, like Cheerios, are usually fortified as well.
A few times a week for breakfast, try giving your toddler iron-fortified breakfast cereal or oatmeal with some blueberries or strawberries on top for some added vitamin C.
If you are aiming for a vegetarian diet, or your child isn't a fan of meat, beans are a great compromise. Soybeans, lima beans, kidney beans, and lentils, for example, are loaded with essential vitamins and minerals, including iron. A half cup of white beans has 4 milligrams of iron, while a half cup of lentils has 3.
Mash up some cooked lentils or make a soup or mild chili. Try mashing in some enriched rice with your beans for a complete protein and high-iron meal.
You can also try serving your toddler some baked beans with a piece of whole-wheat bread for a high-iron lunch. A side of mashed up sweet potatoes can add some vitamin C to the dish.
Chickpeas, known to some as garbanzo beans, are another type of bean high in iron and a great snack for toddlers (and adults!). You can also blend the chickpeas to make your own iron-rich hummus.
Dark green leafy vegetables like kale, broccoli, and spinach are among your best vegetable options for iron. Try serving boiled and drained spinach for your toddler. A half cup has about 3 milligrams of iron.
You can also try adding chopped greens to your toddler's mac and cheese or scrambled eggs.
Add beans and other vegetables to an omelet or scrambled eggs to boost the iron content. Eggs are a good source of iron too.
Kids love to snack on raisins. The good news is that the dried fruit can give your toddler a boost in iron, while also helping to prevent constipation. A quarter cup of raisins has about 1 milligram of iron.
Pumpkin seeds contain nearly 6 milligrams of iron per half cup. Try making a trail mix with raisins, prunes, dried apricots, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds.
Keep in mind that raisins and seeds may be choking hazards for very young children. Mash or cut these foods into small pieces and keep watch on your toddler while they munch on them.
Already a kid-friendly favorite, peanut butter and jelly sandwiched between fortified whole-wheat bread can help your toddler easily meet their iron needs. Peanut butter baked into cookies with enriched flour or oatmeal can be a tasty high-iron treat.
Prune juice is one of the few types of fruit juices high in iron. It contains roughly 3 milligrams per cup. Also used for constipation, it could help your toddler get enough of their daily iron supply.
Due to their high sugar content, juices should be limited to no more than 4 to 6 ounces per day.
Canned light tuna is a low-calorie and low-fat addition to your baby's diet that also supplies iron and other important nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids. Combine shredded tuna with pureed vegetables to boost your toddler's iron intake, but hold off if seafood allergies run in your family.
When you make french fries or baked potatoes for your toddler, be sure to leave the skin on. Potato skins contain most of the nutrients in a potato, including five times the amount of iron as the rest of the potato. Potatoes are also a good source of vitamin C.
If your doctor thinks that your child has iron-deficiency anemia, they might do a simple blood test and prescribe iron supplements. Follow the instructions given by your doctor and make sure all supplements are out of the reach of children.
Excessive iron intake can lead to serious health problems, so never give your child iron supplements without first consulting a doctor.
According to the National Institutes of Health, between 1983 and 1991, the accidental ingestion of iron supplements caused almost a third of accidental poisoning deaths in children in the United States.
Most children don't need supplemental iron.
To make sure your toddler has an appetite for iron-rich foods, don't let them fill up on milk and dairy products, as these have no iron. Many iron-fortified foods like cereals and breads are high in sugar and low in fiber. Balance these with foods that are naturally high in iron.
Even if your kids eat a healthy diet, they might need an iron supplement. Here are five types that are safe for children.
Try one of these easy and healthy protein shake recipes as a simple breakfast or a post-sports match snack for your kids.
These 10 high-fiber food items are healthy, nutritious, and just so happen to be foods most kids will happily eat.
What Daily Foods Contain Vitamin A?
Vitamin A is an important nutrient found in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, meats, and dairy products. Here's where to easily find it.


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« Storm news: Flood warnings; eye on Biloxi; road advisories
Holloway repeats warning, orders shelters opened »
Holloway suggests low-lying areas look to evacuate now
Mayor A.J. Holloway is suggesting that residents in low-lying and flood-prone areas of Biloxi consider evacuating to higher ground now instead of waiting until Saturday, when mandatory evacuations in Alabama and Louisiana will likely slow traffic on northbound routes.
A Hurricane Watch, meaning that hurricane conditions are possible within 36 hours, was issued for Harrison County this afternoon by the National Weather Service. The service said the 4 p.m. (Central time) position of Dennis was 22.6 N, 81.1 W, or 95 miles east-southeast of Havana, with movement toward the northwest at 17 mph. The storm had maximum sustained winds of 135 mph, the weather service said.
"I believe it's too early at this point for weather forecasters to make credible predictions about where this storm will make landfall and when we'll start seeing winds and tides start to build," Holloway said Friday afternoon after being briefed on storm preparations by city department heads and city emergency management coordinator Linda Atterberry. (To see an evacuation route and other info, click here.)
Holloway also announced a mandatory evacuation of marine vessels now in the city's harbors near downtown Biloxi and at Point Cadet. Port Division staffers had been contacting boat owners throughout the day today suggesting they move their craft to safer anchorage north of the Bay of Biloxi.
"At this point, I'm saying that this is now a mandatory evacuation of these vessels," Holloway said, "and they need to get them moved before the winds reach 34 mph, which is when the areas bridges will be locked down for the duration of the storm."
Municipal court cancels Monday session
City Legal Department Director Ronnie Cochran announced that Monday's session of municipal court has been canceled. Cases that had been scheduled to be heard Monday will be heard on Aug. 1 at the original times.
The Biloxi Visitors Center will be closed Saturday and Sunday.
City department heads reported to Holloway Friday that additional shifts of workers – particularly in the Biloxi Police and Fire departments – have been ordered to stand-by status and to be available to report to work on short notice. The city has set up an information line for city employees to monitor for updated information.
MML conference moved to August
One of Biloxi's largest and longest-running conventions became a victim of Hurricane Dennis this afternoon when the Mississippi Municipal League announced that its convention scheduled for next week has been postponed until Aug. 28-31.
The annual summertime gathering has traditionally attracted from 4,000 to 6,000 municipal leaders from across the state and a host of exhibitors promoting a wide array of services for local governments.
MML leaders began notifying city leaders across the state about the postponement on Friday.
"Please cancel any hotel reservations that you have ASAP," MML advised its members. "We regret any inconvenience that this decision may have caused you but I know that you join with the league in remembering all those residents effected by this Hurricane in your prayers.
"Tentative plans are to hold the conference Aug. 28-31, 2005 on the Gulf Coast. More information will be provided to you as it becomes available."
Medical volunteers needed for shelters
Emergency Management officials are asking qualified medical personnel to volunteer to staff shelters in Harrison and Hancock counties. While no shelters have been opened at this time, officials want to have potential volunteer contact information on hand.
"Qualified medical personnel" would include registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, certified nurse assistants, emergency medical technicians and other appropriately trained people.
To volunteer, call American Medical Response at 228-897-1196.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Be A YouTube Star
8 Pointers To Producing A Great Business Video
By Mollie Neal
Most people associate YouTube, the video sharing website, with zany pet tricks, the antics of silly children and the latest releases from pop stars like Lady Gaga.
But, resourceful micro-business owners are finding that posting videos is great for business, too.
Marketing expert Michael Miller, author of "YouTube for Business: Online Video Marketing for Any Business" (Que Publishing, 2011), calls this video sharing community a high impact, low-cost marketing vehicle. Individuals watch more than 3 billion YouTube videos every day, and it doesn't cost one cent to post yours to the site.
"You have a very large potential audience and extremely low cost for reaching it," says Miller. "It's one of the lowest cost forms of marketing. The only real investment small-business owners need to make is in their time."
By posting videos, landscapers, electricians, realtors and other small-business owners can build credibility, develop relationships, generate leads and even boost sales.
Lisa Stanfield, owner of the Benjamin Franklin Plumbing franchise in Chandler, Ariz., says regularly posting new content on her YouTube channel has become an integral part of her marketing mix.
The content includes plumbing maintenance tips for homeowners and landlords as well as demonstrations of do-it-yourself projects such as changing a showerhead.
Viewers get to see Stanfield, her professional team and the company's fleet of well-maintained trucks firsthand. They also learn about Stanfield's guaranteed timeliness and strict hiring practices.
"Networking and building relationships are extremely important in this business," says Stanfield.
Stanfield says that her YouTube recordings:
Help build credibility and trust
Dispel negative stereotypes about plumbers
Demonstrate the company's expertise and professionalism
Keep her business top of mind in case of a plumbing emergency
And she believes her efforts are paying off.
Customers mention the videos when scheduling appointments and while talking with their repairmen. The videos are often the topic of conversation at networking events. They've even led to invitations from local media for interviews about plumbing tips, which is great public relations, says Stanfield.
Some small businesses spend money to have videos professionally produced. They also pay to have the videos placed online at regional and local news sites, as well as on interactive Yellow Pages.
Fortunately, you don't have to hire a team of expensive professionals or have great technical skills to produce and upload videos on YouTube. It's fairly easy to do yourself.
Here are eight pointers to help you get started.
Prepare the equipment
The only thing you need to get started is a basic video camera. If you don't own one, you can purchase a simple model for a couple of hundred dollars.
Miller suggests purchasing a tripod, an external microphone that clips onto your shirt and some external lighting. You can purchase all of these accessories for around $100 total.
"They aren't necessary, but they will greatly improve the sight and sound of your video."
Engage the viewer
You don't need the poise and charisma of a celebrity to create a video that people will enjoy.
"The ones that work best for businesses offer real value to the viewer and are informative, educational and entertaining," says Miller.
Share valuable information
Viewers won't sit through your video unless they think it will be worth their time.
The how-to format can be successful when you teach something or help solve a problem, such as a pet shop owner demonstrating grooming techniques, says Miller.
The talking head format can also be well received. A marketing consultant, accountant or other professional can use this technique to share news, trends or advice while simply standing in front of a camera.
You can also use product demonstrations, presentations and video press releases. Unlike overtly promotional infomercials, videos should be a softer sell or you could risk turning off viewers, says Miller.
Stick to basics
Consider your personality and the message you want to convey when choosing which type of video to create.
"Most importantly, be yourself," says Miller.
Most people have short attention spans online. Keep the video length to two to three minutes. If it's longer, break it into parts.
Upload the video
After you complete your video, create a YouTube account or channel where all your recordings can be housed on a single Web page.
Select a user name and password. Then follow the simple prompts to assign a name to the channel. Try to choose a name that reflects your business. Customize the page using your business colors, add your logo and upload videos.
YouTube offers numerous helpful tips and, of course, instructional videos.
Maximize the impact of your text
You can add a headline and a description to each video and a profile detailing your location, personal expertise and product or service. Use keywords that your prospects or customers may be searching online. That will help them find your videos through Google and directly from the YouTube site.
The key is attracting the viewers who are most interested in what you have to offer.
"You don't need to attract millions of viewers to be successful," says Miller.
Like all other marketing efforts, it's important to include a simple call to action such as asking viewers to phone your office or visit your website for more information.
Promote your video
Announce new video posts and share the links on your website, Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter, as well as in emails.
Mollie Neal is a Long Island-based freelance writer who uses the Internet to find to local service providers.
A YouTube Success Story
A few years ago, John Tuggle was a struggling musician making $20,000 a year playing wedding gigs and teaching guitar lessons in Decatur, Ga.
In an effort to expand his student base, he grabbed his camcorder and began filming himself teaching slide and blues guitar techniques. He then uploaded the recordings on YouTube.
As he built a following of viewers, he began offering DVDs and downloadable video tutorials for purchase through his website, Learning Guitar Now.
Tuggle quickly realized that he could teach more individuals through his DVDs and generate a much larger revenue stream.
Since 2008 he's been posting two or three videos a month on YouTube. The videos feature various techniques that demonstrate his skills as a professional guitar teacher, along with his website address so viewers know how to reach him.
Thanks to YouTube, Tuggle has been able to change his entire business model and evolve from a cash-starved guitar teacher into the owner of a profitable business.
He's generated more than 4 million YouTube views and has boosted sales to $100,000 annually, with orders coming from the U.S., Japan, China, Germany, Australia and other countries.
"It has opened up a whole new world," says Tuggle. "My business wouldn't exist if YouTube wasn't part of the equation."
https://www.nase.org/about-us/Nase_News/2011/11/04/Be_A_YouTube_Star


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UWI, St Augustine warns of tuition hike
Published:Wednesday | March 16, 2022 | 12:11 AMJudana Murphy/Gleaner Writer
Hinting at a rise in fees, The University of the West Indies' (UWI) St Augustine Campus will be revitalising its funding model to significantly reduce its dependence on government subvention.
Professor Brian Copeland, pro-vice-chancellor and principal of the Trinidad campus, said he envisions a culture shift where students take responsibility for their tuition.
The cost of education for some students, according to Copeland, has not changed over the last two decades.
"We understand the challenges that governments have and we realise that UWI has been around for over 70 years and it's time to grow up. It's time to face the music," the principal said during a virtual campus council meeting reviewing the 2020-2021 academic year.
"The billing should go to the student, not to the Government. This is the norm everywhere else."
UWI's current cost-sharing model is 80:20, with students paying tuition fees equivalent to 20 per cent of the cost of academic programmes.
But students at the St Augustine Campus only bear 12 per cent of the economic costs of their education.
Additionally, students who benefit from the Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses pay half of the required 12 per cent.
Copeland said the Faculty of Medical Sciences is facing high receivables as the 2009 billing arrangements are no longer working and fees have not changed since then.
"For any institution to sit with fees remaining the same for 21 years, something has to be wrong. We have to address it," he said.
" … We looked at it several times in the past and we've done a detailed costing model of our operations. When that is done, then we will make it known to the public."
The principal added that the campus has always made provisions, through a hardship grant, for students who are challenged with meeting their financial commitments to the university.
Emphasising that the university would not take draconian action, Copeland said that St Augustine would aggressively look to expand current support systems for students, including tuition reductions.
As a revenue-generating measure, the campus will be engaging in three projects: the UWI Global School of Medicine at Debe/Penal South Campus; the UWI Fine Cocoa Products Ltd; and the Alumni Engagement Project.
St Augustine will also participate in the UWI Global Campus aimed at extending the university's online programmes and courses to global markets in order to enhance institutional growth and generate revenue, as well as develop the Orange Grove Solar Park, spanning 148 acres.
Copeland said the university launched two new undergraduate programmes - a BSc in disaster risk resilience for agriculture and a BSc in midwifery.
Four postgraduate programmes were also added to the campus' offerings - anatomical pathology, haematology and blood banking, food security and renewable energy technology.
Among the achievements of the campus in the 2020-2021 financial year was a million-dollar bid won by the law faculty for a European Union project on pensioners on remand.
In 2021, St Augustine's graduation numbers rebounded by 27 per cent to 3,926, after dipping to just over 3,000 in the previous year.
In his remarks, Vice Chancellor Sir Hilary Beckles commended the campus for reducing its expenditure by 19 per cent, surpassing the UWI's goal of 10 per cent.
«Ward hospitalised after prison suicide attempt
BSJ revises standards for building blocks and ready-mixed concrete »


We here at Winchester Owners are beginning to look for subforum moderators. If you are interested please pm me and we can go from there. Each moderator can be assigned to up to 4 sub-forums. Below is a list of our expectations and responsibilities.
A moderator should be knowledgeable and practised within the realm that they moderate. Which simply means... in order to assist members, you need to be familiar with that form in order to give ideas and suggestions.
Information and discussion posted in private staff discussion forums is to REMAIN confidential. It is posted in private staff areas for a reason. Staff is NOT having parties or gossipping about other members behind the members' backs. They discuss such things as board issues and what to do about policies. Any staff member found to be leaking information will be issued either a warning, a strike, be put on probation as a staff member, or lose their position all together.
I would be interested in knowing more about this. Typing is slow, a phone conversation would suit me just fine. I can be reached at (***)***-****) all day.
Edit by Rigderunner665: I edited out the phone number, I will PM it to the admins in case they didn't write it down.
Send me a pm tomorrow if you don't receive a call from me by then!
Most of my experience is from owning, shooting and reloading for my lever action rifles models: 1876,1894,64,88, also have a few others I might help with 9422,67,77,70,100 and SX3. I might be able to help provide information to anyone with questions on any of them . Being from Eastern Canada, I can also offer a bit of info on some of the cooey models made by Winchester in Ontario.
It sounds like you will be a great addition to our team. Once you get to 50 posts we can set you up with a moderator role if all goes well. Thanks for your interest and welcome aboard.
Sure, sounds good.. I'd be glad to contribute whatever I can.
I am new to your site but am a long time Winchester lover and have owned many Winchesters. I currently moderate 3 firearm related groups on FB, including Michiana Gun Exchange, National 1911 Diehards and Classic Shotguns.
By profession, I am a Quality Director, and as such have a very unique skillset that I believe would be of benefit to WinchesterOwners.com. I would welcome the opportunity to assist in any way needed. Thank you very much.
I would be interested in being a moderator. I have been involved with all types of weapons and feel I might benefit the site with some of my knowledge. Thank you.
I taught in High School and College and was an Environmental Scientist. I was an Army draftee and later an officer. I was an expert marksman. I run a farm and help my son run a wood working business. I do own other brand firearms. I have some experience with website owner's forums and have an interest in Nikon Rumors (camera experts) well run and forum free of the usual complaints and member helpfulness there is pretty remarkable.
I have decided I live in too isolated a situation to become a moderator. My interest was motivated by my thoughts on where Winchester is going. I do not think my being a moderator would be that beneficial to your members or to myself. Internet time is often taken away from other responsibilities.
We are looking for new mods! Anyone want to join the ranks?


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Berliner Tageszeitung - Liverpool pile pressure on City as Burnley earn vital win
Liverpool pile pressure on City as Burnley earn vital win
Liverpool pile pressure on City as Burnley earn vital win / Foto: © AFP
Liverpool beat Newcastle 1-0 to leapfrog Manchester City at the top of the Premier League on Saturday, heaping pressure on Pep Guardiola's men ahead of their evening kick-off against struggling Leeds.
Naby Keita scored the only goal of the game at a boisterous St James' Park as Jurgen Klopp's men remained on track for an unprecedented quadruple of trophies.
At the other end of the table, managerless Burnley produced a stunning comeback against Watford to win 2-1 and pull five points clear of the relegation zone, condemning Norwich to the drop.
Klopp made five changes to his starting line-up, mindful of Tuesday's Champions League semi-final second leg against Villarreal, with his side 2-0 up after the first leg.
Top scorer Mohamed Salah, Thiago Alcantara, Fabinho and Trent Alexander-Arnold were all on the bench against in-form Newcastle but the visitors still bossed the game.
The decisive moment came in the 19th minute when, with the home side appealing in vain for a free-kick, Jordan Henderson and Diogo Jota combined to feed Guinea midfielder Keita, who stepped inside before dispatching the ball past the helpless Martin Dubravka.
The Reds could have made life easier for themselves but Sadio Mane and Jota squandered chances and they survived a late scare when Alisson Becker saved from Bruno Guimaraes.
Klopp used his considerable quality off the bench, sending on Salah, Fabinho and Thiago in the latter stages to help close out the game.
Victory took Liverpool to 82 points, two points clear of City, who will retake top spot if they beat Leeds at Elland Road in the late game.
A delighted Klopp said he was delighted with his players' ability to produce a winning performance after so many changes as they chase sporting immortality.
"That's the only reason why we are where we are," he said. "That's how it is. That's the only reason -- the boys buy completely into the situation.
"The boys who didn't come on today, you should've seen their faces on the bench when the final whistle went. It's absolutely outstanding. We know that. The group is exceptional."
- Title race -
Liverpool are once again locked in a gripping battle with defending champions City for the Premier League title.
Any slip-up by Guardiola's men and a quadruple of Premier League, Champions League, FA Cup and League Cup would be just seven games away for the Reds.
The two teams drew 2-2 in the league in early April before Liverpool edged their rivals 3-2 in the FA Cup semi-finals -- they could also meet in the final of the Champions League.
City, who 14 points clear of Klopp's men at one stage, will fancy their chances of beating Leeds, who are still not clear of danger despite an upturn in their fortunes under new boss Jesse Marsch.
Burnley, who sacked long-serving manager Sean Dyche two weeks ago, had clambered out of the relegation zone after two straight wins.
They went behind in the eighth minute at Vicarage Road thanks to Burnley captain James Tarkowski's own goal.
But Jack Cork headed home a Charlie Taylor ball in the 83rd minute and three minutes later Josh Brownhill fired into the bottom corner before sprinting the length of the pitch to celebrate with the travelling support.
The result means Frank Lampard's Everton, who host Chelsea on Sunday, are now in desperate trouble -- five points from safety and facing playing outside the English top flight next season for the first time since 1954.
Elsewhere on Saturday, Aston Villa beat bottom side Norwich 2-0, with the Canaries returning to the Championship after just one season in the Premier League.
Brighton hammered Wolves 3-0 and Crystal Palace beat Southampton 2-1.
A. Lefebvre--BTZ


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Debates of Feb. 24th, 2020
House of Commons Hansard #22 of the 43rd Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was peoples.
Citizenship Act
Parent Support Centre
Rufin Gionet
Teck Resources
Charles Hubbard
Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament Champions
Robert H. Lee
Kirkland Oldtimers Hockey Tournament
Scotties Tournament of Hearts
Nisga'a New Year
Cré-Actions Studio and Boutique
Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada Pharmacare Act
Climate Change Accountability Act
An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act
Employment Insurance Act
Request for Emergency Debate
Citizenship ActGovernment Orders
Winnipeg North Manitoba
Kevin Lamoureux LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada and to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
Madam Speaker, I appreciate the position of the Bloc on this legislation, and I want to echo some thoughts regarding the importance of the true value of incorporating call to action number 94 into that oath.
Has the member ever participated, as an observer or anything of that nature, in the witnessing of Canadians being sworn in?
Marie-Hélène Gaudreau Bloc Laurentides—Labelle, QC
Madam Speaker, I am not sure I understood the question.
I would like to tell my colleague what people tell us when we talk about Bill C-6. Regardless of where they are from, be it British Columbia or Quebec, people tell us that recognizing aboriginal rights is essential, but we also have the British fact and the French fact to think about. Unfortunately, people tell us they feel left out. That is what I meant when I talked about remaining vigilant. If we start naming individual groups, we absolutely have to name all of them.
Today's Bill C-6 is about recognition, but what we need is comprehensive recognition.
Jaime Battiste Liberal Sydney—Victoria, NS
Madam Speaker, I would like to acknowledge that we are on the traditional territory of the Algonquin nation.
I would just like to take the time to say that I will be sharing my time with the member for Surrey Centre.
I stand here today to discuss the amendments to Canada's citizenship oath that our government is proposing. The citizenship oath is sworn by each and every immigrant as they become Canadian citizens. The oath defines the responsibilities, duties and loyalties that each of them acknowledges as a proud new Canadian.
How many new Canadians are aware that our country was built upon the mutual friendship, respect and obligations created by treaties? My ancestors, and others' ancestors, signed these treaties as a basis for shared understanding of how we could coexist. In Canada, that means that we are all treaty people, and we are all in this together.
In the famous words of Martin Luther King, Jr., "We may have all come on different ships, but we're in the same boat now."
On Cape Breton Island, where I am from and whose communities I represent, immigration to Canada is not an abstract national statistic. It is fundamental for our future. My constituents rely on immigration for a strong local economy, which is facing the mounting twin pressures of an aging workforce and an exodus of young Cape Bretoners. Put simply, my riding needs immigration to thrive, to keep local businesses selling goods, to fill local businesses' workforces and to generate a tax base to fund local services. In fact, for every 1,000 new immigrant families choosing to settle in Cape Breton, our communities will directly generate 73 million dollars' worth of new expenditures. This is important money being spent in Cape Breton.
In 2019, Cape Breton University had the third highest number of international students among all universities in Atlantic Canada. When these students were polled, 88% of respondents were planning on applying for post-graduate work visas, and 35% of these respondents would like to open their own business in Cape Breton. These are new Canadians, drawn to Cape Breton, who want to continue to live, work and put down roots on our island. I welcome them.
I welcome new Canadians just as 400 years ago, on the south shores of Nova Scotia, our Mi'kmaq Grand Chief Henri Membertou welcomed French newcomers to Port Royal. Our grand chief took the French settlers under his wing and showed them how to survive and thrive in their new surroundings. Many other indigenous leaders across Canada created alliances with newcomers all across this great land we call Canada today.
It is important to create awareness of our shared history and how indigenous peoples helped shape our great country. Within the Canadian Constitution, we recognize three distinct groups: first nations, Inuit and Métis. Reconciliation with indigenous peoples remains a central priority for the government, and we will continue to move forward as a committed partner.
It is time to acknowledge the contributions that indigenous people have made in building a strong, inclusive Canada. It is time that we create awareness of our shared history in Canada, and the fact that our country was based on principles of harmony and co-existence, and that we are stronger when we work together.
The Truth and Reconciliation calls to action are important to guiding Canadians along the journey of reconciliation. With 94 calls to action in mind, we strive to create more awareness and a stronger, more united Canada.
This brings us to the changes that the government has proposed to the current wording of the oath of citizenship. With this bill, our government is addressing one of the Truth and Reconciliation calls to action that pertains to immigration, refugees and citizenship candidates' mandate.
Call to action number 94 calls on the Government of Canada to amend the oath of citizenship, to add reference to including treaties with indigenous peoples. Our consultations with national indigenous organizations clearly indicate that the phrase "treaties with indigenous peoples", as recommended by the commission, can be expanded to be respectful and inclusive of all indigenous peoples.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada has consulted with other government departments and national indigenous organizations on the wording of the oath of citizenship. Therefore, to address the commission's call to action, as well as commitments made in the 2019 Speech from the Throne, and the hon. Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship's mandate letter, the bill would modify the wording of the oath of citizenship as follows:
I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada, including the Constitution, which recognizes and affirms the Aboriginal and treaty rights of First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples, and fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen.
The revised text of the oath uses wording that recognizes a broad range of rights held by indigenous people. Any changes to the oath of citizenship require amendments to the Citizenship Act, and are subject to the parliamentary process.
As mentioned in the minister's mandate letter from the Prime Minister, the government is committed to completing legislative work on changes that reflect the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's calls to action. A great deal of work has been done by the commission, from coast to coast to coast, with thousands of indigenous Canadians. The TRC calls to action are an important blueprint for reconciliation in Canada. This is the fundamental reason why we propose these changes today.
Let me close with these thoughts for my hon. colleagues to consider.
The histories of indigenous people in Canada are rich and diverse. Since time immemorial, meaning since before oral or written history, indigenous people have welcomed new Canadians. The story of Canada is the story of first nations, the story of Inuit and the story of Métis.
Indigenous people helped create the Canada we know and love today and will have an important part in the role of Canada in the future.
I would impress upon my hon. colleagues that we need to take this opportunity to both acknowledge our country's past and move toward a future of renewed relationships with indigenous people based on the TRC calls to action. The changes to the citizenship oath would be an important step in this pursuit.
Through this and other actions, all Canadians can continue to move forward together on this journey of reconciliation so we can leave a proper legacy for future generations.
Kyle Seeback Conservative Dufferin—Caledon, ON
Madam Speaker, I rise on a point of order. I wanted to be sensitive and not interrupt the member during his speech, but it would appear the member is rising in the House to speak without wearing a tie, which I believe is in violation of the Standing Orders. I would like to leave it to you to determine that.
The Assistant Deputy Speaker NDP Carol Hughes
I thank the member for raising this matter.
As stated in the House of Commons Procedure and Practice, third edition, Bosc and Gagnon:
While the Standing Orders do not prescribe a dress code for Members participating in debate, Speakers have ruled that all Members desiring to be recognized to speak at any point during the proceedings of the House must be wearing contemporary business attire. Current practice requires that male Members wear jackets, shirts and ties.
Therefore, it does not prescribe that; however, it has been the practice and past precedent.
That being said, I notice that the member for Sydney—Victoria is wearing a jacket and a shirt, as well as what I believe is a traditional beaded medallion. Based on past precedents of members wearing such traditional garments, I am inclined to allow the member to continue his speech or continue to answer questions and comments at this point.
Questions and comments, the hon. member for Berthier—Maskinongé.
Yves Perron Bloc Berthier—Maskinongé, QC
Madam Speaker, I thank our tieless colleague for his speech.
All joking aside, as pointed out in the speeches by my Bloc Québécois colleagues, our party agrees with the substance of the bill, that is, the need for greater recognition for indigenous nations. However, we have also pointed out that there are other nations that are not mentioned in the oath. We could be on a slippery slope if we start listing things, since someone is inevitably forgotten.
Do our Liberal colleagues not feel any unease, especially considering the reference to the 1982 Constitution? Everyone in the House knows that Quebec never signed it. I think it is very nice and co-operative of us to want to agree to the requests. We will always put our principles ahead of quarrels.
I would like to hear our Liberal colleagues' thoughts on this. Do they not feel a little uncomfortable about this?
Madam Speaker, it is important to recognize the Constitution. There were many first nations who were a part of the dialogue moving forward in determining the Constitution. My father was a legal adviser for the Mi'kmaq grand council and he advocated for section 35. Within section 35 they recognized three nations: first nations, Inuit and Métis. That is important for us moving forward. It was also important that section 35 recognized that these laws were the supreme law of Canada as part of section 52.
When we are looking at treaties and inherent rights, we must make sure we are understanding that what we are recognizing is that this country agreed to peace, friendship and coexistence as a founding principle of the Constitution. Moving forward, that is important for all of us to remember and recognize.
Madam Speaker, is the member opposite aware of exactly how many recommendations have been followed from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission? If he is not aware, it is nine. It is nine in five years. That is about 2.25 per year. If we extrapolate that, it will take another 38 years for these recommendations to be implemented. This is one of the simplest things that could have been put forward and it did not even accord with the recommendation, which was four words.
On justice matters, I want to point out that only one of 18 justice recommendations has been put forward by the government. Would it not make more sense for the House to be debating, for example, recommendation 37? It states, "We call upon the federal government to provide more supports for Aboriginal programming in halfway houses and parole services."
Why does the government pick the quick and simple calls to action and not the tough ones that will make a real difference?
Madam Speaker, I believe that all across Canada the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is a blueprint for reconciliation. However, within that blueprint, it is not just the federal government doing its part.
I was a treaty education lead for five years before I became an MP and I can guarantee we looked at the calls to action. In Nova Scotia, in every grade, every class and every school they are beginning to learn the history of indigenous people as put in section 10 of the TRC calls to action.
I was also part of the Aboriginal Sports Circle. It is looking at implementation of calls to action 87 to 91, which speak to sport.
It is happening all across Canada. Not just the federal and provincial governments, but also sports bodies, schools and other jurisdictions across Canada are looking at these calls to action and recognizing these are important blueprints to move forward on reconciliation.
Our government is doing its part. We are taking those steps toward reconciliation. It is important we continue to do so step by step or action by action.
Randeep Sarai Liberal Surrey Centre, BC
The story of indigenous peoples in Canada has a history that stretches far into the past, well before the arrival of European newcomers to Canada.
Indigenous people have a fundamental role in Canada's past and are a strong pillar of our society. These are words people will hear at many citizenship ceremonies across Canada. Taking the oath of citizenship is a vital step in the process of becoming a Canadian citizen. It is recited as the final step to becoming a Canadian citizen. During the ceremony, participants accept the rights and responsibilities of citizenship by taking the oath of citizenship, after which they become a Canadian citizen and receive a certificate of citizenship.
I have had the privilege of attending many citizenship ceremonies in Surrey and welcoming new groups of Canadians to this great land. This bill is particularly important in Surrey where the largest urban indigenous population in British Columbia lives and welcomes new Canadian neighbours who have made their home in the city. It is important for both new Canadians and those who are born here to learn about indigenous peoples and their history.
Bill C-6, an act to amend the Citizenship Act regarding the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's call to action number 94, proposes to change Canada's oath of citizenship to include clear reference to the Constitution, which recognizes and affirms the aboriginal and treaty rights of first nations, Inuit and Métis people.
The proposed amendment to the oath reflects the Government of Canada's commitment to reconciliation and a renewed relationship with indigenous peoples based on recognition of rights, respect, co-operation and partnership. The proposed amendment is part of the government's ongoing response to the calls to action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The changes are an important and necessary step in advancing Canada's broader agenda for reconciliation and strengthening the country's valued relationship with indigenous peoples in Canada.
The government's proposed amendment of the citizenship oath would allow new Canadians to fully appreciate and respect how indigenous peoples are an important part of Canada's history and identity. The new citizenship oath would also reflect our expectations that new Canadians demonstrate an understanding of indigenous peoples and their constitutional rights.
There is no relationship that is more important to the Government of Canada than the one with indigenous peoples. Together, Canada and indigenous peoples are continuing to forge a renewed relationship based on the recognition of rights, trust, respect and a true spirit of co-operation. That is why across the country Canada and indigenous peoples are working together to close the quality-of-life gap between indigenous and non-indigenous people.
Important progress has been made. The last three budgets have provided $16.8 billion in new funding for indigenous peoples, an increase in planned spending in 2020-21 of 34% over 2015, but there is still much work to do. Budget 2019 represents the next step in the ongoing path towards reconciliation and a better future for indigenous peoples and everyone.
This bill is especially important to me as I sat on CIMM, the citizenship and immigration committee, for four years, and in this Parliament, I currently sit on the international trade committee. For the first time in any of Canada's free trade agreements, a general exception was incorporated to ensure the government is able to fulfill its legal obligations to indigenous peoples in section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and other self-government agreements.
Consultation with indigenous communities during the CUSMA negotiations was one of Canada's top priorities. To make sure that indigenous people's trade interests would be protected, the CUSMA includes language that recognizes the importance of more engagement with indigenous peoples.
The CUSMA preserves Canada's traditional reservations, exceptions and exclusions in multiple areas, including cross-border trade in services and investments, natural resources, the environment, and state-owned enterprises. By promoting indigenous entrepreneurship and business, the government will help first nations, Inuit and Métis people fully contribute to and share in Canada's economic success. This is a critical part of advancing reconciliation and self-determination.
All children in Canada deserve a real, fair chance to reach their full potential no matter where they live. By continuing to work collaboratively with first nations and Inuit partners, the government is working to eliminate barriers to accessing quality health care and culturally relevant social supports that children need to succeed. Distinctions-based funding for post-secondary education will also help first nation, Inuit and Métis students better access post-secondary education and succeed during their studies.
The government is also taking action to help communities reclaim, revitalize, maintain and strengthen indigenous languages and sustain important cultural traditions and histories. This includes the passing of Bill C-91, the Indigenous Languages Act, last year, which protects 90 living indigenous languages spoken in Canada.
While the path to reconciliation is long, the government will continue to walk with first nations, Inuit and Métis people in its actions and interactions. As I mentioned, the proposed changes to the oath we are talking about today are an important and necessary step in advancing Canada's broader agenda for reconciliation with indigenous peoples in Canada. It demonstrates to new Canadians, and in fact to all Canadians, deep respect for indigenous peoples and recognizes that the histories of first nations, Inuit and Métis people are a vital part of Canada's fabric and identity.
Garnett Genuis Conservative Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan, AB
Madam Speaker, I would note that recommendation 94 uses different words than the words used in the government's legislation.
I wonder if the member could speak to why the government chose to propose different wording rather than just introducing the wording that was actually in the recommendation of that report.
Madam Speaker, I believe it was done in consultation with many first nations, indigenous, Inuit and Métis peoples. After considerable consultation, the wording was accepted and adopted. Again, this was part of our call to consultation with our first nations people. I believe they are very satisfied with the current wording we are using.
Gord Johns NDP Courtenay—Alberni, BC
Madam Speaker, first, I would like to let the member know that we are supporting this proposed legislation. It would be the 10th call to action that the government would be achieving out of the 94 since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission report was put out in 2015.
As the member knows, progress has been slow. However, our concern is around the legislation on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We are concerned about further delay in the government's tabling of that legislation.
I would like to hear from the member if he is concerned about further delay, especially in light of the concerns in our country right now about the lack of progress on that. The legislation was passed in the House of Commons in the last Parliament, but it died in the Senate. Is the member going to help move that legislation along?
Madam Speaker, we have moved forward on the 94 recommendations, and yes, 10 have been done. However, many unfortunately are not under the federal purview but are under provincial, municipal and other jurisdictions. We call on all bodies that are responsible to fulfill those recommendations to do so.
As for UNDRIP, as my colleague has very eloquently said, the bill did pass here. However, there was one party that did not support it. To my understanding, that party in the other House did not support ratifying it in the last Parliament and unfortunately, it died.
The member can rest assured that this side of the House is committed to making sure that this legislation is adopted, and we will take whatever measure is necessary. I will continue to support, along with my colleague who asked the question, this issue.
Madam Speaker, I wonder if the hon. member could comment on or explain this. We have such limited time in the House to put forward legislation and pass it. There were 94 recommendations from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and nine have been fulfilled. This is an abysmal track record.
On child welfare, there are zero of five; health, zero of seven; education, zero of seven; justice, one of 18. The Liberals have picked what I would classify as the low-hanging fruit. Even then, they did not get it right because they did not follow the recommendation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Could the member explain why the government is not moving on the significant 94 recommendations instead of this one, given the limited House time we have?
Madam Speaker, at least the House is moving in the right direction. The House has put 34% more funding for indigenous peoples from the budgets the Conservatives left behind in 2015. This is real money, not just legislation. We have done 10 of the 94 calls, and we are continuing to work on all of them.
The federal component is only one section of this. My colleague has to look at the track record of the Conservatives and reflect on that before he critiques others.
I do appreciate the member's speech. However, there was another debate happening between members on both sides of the House while he was speaking, which was not very respectful on their part. I would ask members to hold on to their thoughts, questions and comments until it is their turn to be recognized.
Resuming debate, the hon. member for Sherwood park—Fort Saskatchewan.
Madam Speaker, it is a pleasure for me to join the debate on Bill C-6. It is short and straightforward legislation, but at the same time one that invites our consideration of a vast array of issues of the way in which we welcome newcomers, the process for citizenship and how we move forward with reconciliation with indigenous peoples. There are many different points to raise in the context of that discussion.
Just to set the stage a bit, we have a substantial number of recommendations coming out of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission process, a process that followed an apology that was issued by form prime minister Stephen Harper, working with other parties.
My colleagues across the floor were shouting about what might not have happened in the past, but of course they should remember that process was a shared process. It was something on which all parties worked together, but it was a process that happened and was initiated under the leadership of Stephen Harper.
When we talk about reconciliation with indigenous peoples, we have this list of recommendations coming out of that. Some of these speak to very large, substantive, challenging issues around justice and health or around a clear policy reorientation. Some of them speak to issues of naming and symbolism. I would very much agree that those symbolic steps and discussions are important. We should not dismiss them entirely. The way in which we recognize certain things verbally, like the citizenship oath and elsewhere, these symbolic aspects, is not irrelevant.
However, symbolic recognition should be a step or a part of a process moving toward more substantive change, more substantive connection and reconciliation. It is unfortunate we see with the government this springing exclusively for these symbolic things, the smaller symbolic pieces of it, rather than actually moving forward with substantive action.
In addition to talking about the bill, I want to zero in on what some of that substantive action needs to look like with respect to moving forward in a reconciliation agenda.
For those just joining the conversation, the bill would do one simple thing. It would change the oath that new Canadians would take when they become Canadian citizens. The current oath simply says:
I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada, and fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen.
It is a general oath. It identifies our Queen and a sense of adherence to law and duty. It is clear, beautiful and simplistic, yet it is not overly descriptive in what some of those laws might be. The amendment proposes to include one such element of specificity into the oath. The new oath would read:
There are many aspects of Canada's history and identity and this brings in one very important aspect; the treaty commitments that all of us are a part of in our relationship with indigenous peoples.
This has a relationship to, but it does not directly follow, recommendation 94 from the TRC process. It says:
We call upon the Government of Canada to replace the Oath of Citizenship with the following:
I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada including Treaties with Indigenous Peoples, and fulfill my duties as a Canadian citizen.
Recommendation 94 does marshal in the same direction, but it is much simpler and clearer. It is not as long and it does not name all the different indigenous groups: first nations, Inuit and Métis. It says, "indigenous".
Therefore, we effectively have these three options for possible consideration in the context of this conversation: the existing oath, the government's proposed oath and the oath proposed by the TRC process. Beyond that, there is a range of other options.
We might say that we should add the recognition of our linguistic duality, our multicultural identity or of the importance of freedom, human rights, democracy and the rule of law. We can imagine all kinds of different things that could be added as well, things that really are very important to who and what we are as country and what we have become.
However, we have a process, which is not the oath itself, through which newcomers to Canada read and learn about aspects of the Canadian identify. We have a citizenship guide. TRC recommendation 93 speaks specifically to revising the information to newcomers, looking at that citizenship guide to strengthen the reflection in it of the history of Canada's "diverse Aboriginal peoples of Canada, including information about the Treaties and the history of residential schools."
That certainly is important. There is no need for a great emphasis on brevity and simplicity in a citizenship guide. One can be longer and more explanatory in that context, and there would be value in action on that specific item. I think there would be consensus on that point at least among all members of the House.
We have the government choosing to focus in on one more symbolic proposal, not implementing it exactly but proposing a change to the citizenship oath.
What are we to make of this?
First, the principle of telling the full story of our history as a people in Canada is very important. The original framing of our national story was as the coming together of two nations, of French and English. That was part of the dynamic in Confederation, but many other peoples were incorporated into Canada and not really through their consent.
There were indigenous peoples, whose status as distinct nations were not recognized at the time of Confederation. There was also this dynamic that some people have spoken about recently, in which much of what is western Canada today did not negotiate its way into Confederation. Rather, it was purchased and then boundaries were drawn within it and retention of certain what were otherwise provincial powers were maintained by the federal government.
As a western Canadian who tries to be attentive to the concerns of indigenous peoples as well, there are a few different aspects in which we can see how this bicultural story, this coming together of two nations, misses the full breadth and diversity of the Canadian experience.
Is it important that this be reflected in the information we share through education, in different formats and certainly with newcomers? Absolutely. All of us in the House have an interest in seeing newcomers to Canada learn all this important information about what Canada's history and identity mean. They are learning from our successes and our historic mistakes and they are incorporating that in their sense of what it means to be a Canadian.
Our founders were right to see us a multicultural nation, but at the same time a common civic nation. We must have a common civic identity that is rooted in certain common values in an understanding of our history. Part of that history is the important relationship between all of us and indigenous peoples who live in Canada. Therefore, that recognition and appreciation are very important.
I know sometimes we hear discussion on the process of citizenship.
In an interview that the Prime Minister gave a few years ago to The New York Times, he described Canada as a post-national state, as lacking a mainstream, as lacking a core identity. I disagree with that. Certainly we lack a common ethnic or religious identity, but we do have a common civic identity.
Those who highlight the importance of discussing the role of injustices towards indigenous peoples as part of the process of welcoming newcomers are putting forward the important idea that Canada has a common civic identity, which has to involve an understanding of our past, both the successes and the failures, and how we move forward. One thing to assert as part of this debate is that this proposal does speak to the idea of a common civic identity, and that is important.
My biggest frustration with where we find ourselves here is that we really need action from the government. It needs to move forward substantively to improve economic conditions and the many things that flow from it for indigenous Canadians. We have had a lot of debate about precisely this issue over the last week.
We have natural resource projects in remote areas that have the overwhelming support of indigenous communities. Without getting into a debate about specific blockades or specific policies, there is obviously a lot of frustration in my riding and my province about what has happened with the Teck Frontier project.
The principle behind this is whether we believe we have to be the kind of country where indigenous peoples have the right to develop, have the right to say yes to projects, have the right to sign on to agreements with companies, and then those projects, when they have the support of local indigenous peoples, should be able to move forward. There has been a lot of discussion, and rightly so, about the rights of indigenous peoples. We need to include in that discussion a recognition of the right to develop, a recognition of the right to say yes to projects.
We should have learned things from our past history, a time of colonial mentalities when people were told they could not speak for themselves, that others would speak for them.
We have a colonial mentality today from those who claim to speak for indigenous peoples but do not actually know what indigenous peoples want or know their interests. Protesters and activists in other parts of the country, for example, claim to be in solidarity with Wet'suwet'en people in their opposition to development projects, when in fact those people are overwhelmingly expressing, through their elected representatives, their support for those development projects.
People claiming to speak for another group that is contradicting what that group wants is not solidarity. That is colonialism. We have to know the difference. Solidarity is when people are magnifying the voice of people who are themselves speaking about their own issues of concern. It is not solidarity when people contradict and oppose the things that those communities want. That is a form of colonialism. We have managed to get into a lot of trouble in the past when our leaders and activists and people in other parts of the country have failed to know the difference between those things. A well-intentioned paternalistic, colonial mentality that dismisses pro-development voices as being just bought off for the money is no less paternalistic just because it might be well intentioned. We should have learned in the area of the relationship between the government and indigenous peoples that good intentions are not enough.
We need to stand up for the right of indigenous Canadians to develop, to move forward with projects that they support and therefore to have jobs and opportunities within their own communities. Without those jobs and opportunities, people are forced to a standard of living that is much lower than it is for Canadians elsewhere, or they are forced to choose between that low standard of living and moving to an urban centre, moving away from their home community.
These are the real, substantive and, may I say, difficult issues involved in reconciliation. How do we have meaningful consultation with the elected representatives of indigenous people that recognizes that while we cannot have unanimity, when there is overwhelming consent, the people need to be able to move forward?
I notice members of the government and my friends in the NDP have been speaking about the issue of UNDRIP. Conservatives are supportive in principle of the aspirational objectives that are in much of the document, but we have a lot of concern about the legal frameworks that have been proposed around it. Their effect in saying that every community must have free, prior and informed consent in the effective application of the legal frameworks that have been proposed before the House in the past has amounted to providing a veto for every single community.
I would make the case that if a project has overwhelming support and the vast majority of communities and individuals are saying yes to it, they should have the right in a democratic country to pursue the wishes of the majority. Of course, we defend minority rights when someone's personal situation is infringed, but on questions about economic policy and development, there is a sense that develop rights for indigenous communities should include the right for the majority to express their desire and to move forward.
This is a concern with the framework of UNDRIP that has been proposed, and this is why I opposed a private member's bill on this in the last Parliament. We need to work these issues out. If the majority of indigenous communities or a majority of indigenous people are saying no to a particular project in their area, then consultation means listening to them and respecting their wishes. However, if the majority say yes, listening requires us to respect that will and to move forward.
These are some of the substantive issues that are essential to this conversation, but we do not see the government showing leadership on it. We are becoming a country in which it is very difficult to build anything, a country where projects are being pulled back for fear of a small number of protesters shutting down the ability to move forward. Projects that are good for our economy, that are good for the environment and have the support of indigenous peoples just are not moving forward. Therefore, companies will choose to make investments elsewhere, and the real victims will be those vulnerable Canadians. Each of these projects may be the difference between having a job and not having a job, between providing for an education for their children and not providing for an education for their children.
These very serious talks are serious for our economy, serious for the environment and serious for our relationship with indigenous people. I implore the House to zero in and focus on these substantive issues so that we show leadership and set up frameworks that allow indigenous communities the right to develop, to move forward and access the economic prosperity that comes from their resources.
As we develop this, we need to continue working to build an inclusive society in which newcomers understand the history and traditions of indigenous peoples and in which all of us who were born here in Canada take the opportunity to learn more and understand more of the substance of our history.
I do not feel that changing a line in the citizenship oath, especially in a way that is not aligned with what was in th TRC recommendations, is going to move us forward on those substantive issues. As I said at the beginning, as much as the symbolic discussions have a place, the urgency of where we are at now, the lack of government action, the lack of a plan to move forward, is hurting a lot of indigenous people across this country, people who depend on natural resource development, people who depend on our railways.
We have to be a country that can build things. We have to be a country that can move forward together. It would be tragic if we found that the country that once built a transcontinental railway was now not capable of getting to yes on almost any major project in the national interest, especially when those have the overwhelming support of indigenous Canadians.
These are urgent issues that we must move forward on as quickly as possible.
Adam van Koeverden LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Diversity and Inclusion and Youth and to the Minister of Canadian Heritage (Sport)
Madam Speaker, thank you very much to my colleague opposite for his eloquent remarks. I am impressed that he does as much as he does without ever reading. I am going to try to do the same.
I have found that many of the Conservatives' comments regarding this topic have expressed their undying willingness to support indigenous peoples, as long as it suits their political narrative and as long as people are okay with these big resource extraction projects going on. However, I was wondering if there was one example that you could find of Conservatives being willing to stand up for indigenous rights when it did not support your narrative.
These changes are not about placating the Conservatives or making them feel okay about the oath. This is about consulting with indigenous peoples in Canada and asking them what they would like to see in this oath and responding in turn.
The hon. member went from directly to indirectly to directly to indirectly. I just want to advise the member that he needs to address all of the content to the Chair.
Madam Speaker, I have two points in response to what my friend had to say.
He talked about the importance of consulting. I did point out in my speech some of the dissonance between the TRC recommendation around the language and citizenship oath and what is in this legislation. Maybe the government feels its consultation prior to developing the legislation was more robust than the work done by the TRC. I do not know if the government has said that, but there are some questions about the actual engagement and consultation.
Let me be very clear that indigenous peoples' right to develop is a right to say yes and a right to say no, absolutely. Generally speaking, projects that do not have any indigenous support are not even making it off the ground floor. We are not hearing about them. The big projects we are hearing about and talking about, the projects that are being discussed in the news, things like Coastal GasLink and Teck Frontier, are precisely the projects that have gotten as far as they have in a relatively difficult political environment because they overwhelmingly make sense and have overwhelming support from indigenous communities. Maybe that is why the member feels we are only talking about these kinds of projects.
In the case of the Coastal GasLink project, 20 band councils are all in favour. It is a natural gas pipeline that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by displacing coal. It is good for the environment. It is good for indigenous people. It is just obvious.
I do have to go to other questions and comments.
Alistair MacGregor NDP Cowichan—Malahat—Langford, BC
Madam Speaker, I will acknowledge that there is a very wide spectrum of indigenous viewpoints on resource development. What is needed in the Wet'suwet'en case is the time, space and resources to allow them to come to a decision. Over the last 150 years, we have so destroyed their traditional governance model that we see these divisions coming forth.
I want to centre my comments and my question on the bill before us, Bill C-6. I understand the Conservatives may have problems with call to action number 94. What I wonder is whether there are other calls to action that the Conservatives have a problem with in the TRC.
If the problem is on the specificity of the wording of the oath, why then is the member's party trying to kill this bill here at second reading instead of sending it to committee, where perhaps we could hear from witnesses and maybe hash out some of the linguistic differences in that important committee work?
Madam Speaker, there were a lot of different points that the member raised. I will try to get to all of them if I can.
He spoke at the beginning about, in the case of Coastal GasLink, giving people the time, space and resources to make a decision. Things cannot just be frozen in time until there is unanimity. We already have overwhelming support, and if we just say, "Let's just give it more time," people are just not going to invest in Canada. If they have to wait until every single person agrees, then we are not going to see investment.
In a democracy, there has to be a mechanism for aggregating the overwhelming majority sentiment right now. That process is the elected representatives, all of whom are supportive.
The member asked about other calls to action. Obviously there are many different things in the TRC recommendations, and all of them require substantive engagement. It is difficult for me to go through and offer my views on every single one of them. I did speak to the importance of call to action number 93, which is connected in some ways to number 94, saying that there are issues around changing the citizenship oath, but certainly we should have a conversation about the citizenship guide and the important information that it conveys, and if it could convey more on things like residential schools and reconciliation.
Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON
Madam Speaker, when my colleague started his speech, he talked a bit about the previous government. I do not want to go down that road too far either, because it is like beating a dead horse and even I get bored with it after a while.
The reality is that it would be overstating the facts to say that Stephen Harper had an interest in indigenous people. Regarding the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, he did everything but completely write off the report. He never committed to any of the recommendations in it. Protests happened in the country. People from the Cree Nation literally walked and marched to Ottawa, and Stephen Harper chose to welcome a panda to Canada at the airport instead of meeting with the Cree walkers. If we rated governments on their ability to engage in meaningful resolution and dialogue with indigenous peoples, Stephen Harper's government would definitely get an F.
Perhaps this is a turning point. I really hope so, because that is what this is all about. Maybe now the Conservative Party will look at this a bit differently and will want to make meaningful progress forward.
If it is not possible to do that with this one particular issue, on what recommendations would the member be willing to come to the table and negotiate?


Discussion in 'Amps and Cabs' started by rickc007, Feb 24, 2012.
Wonders if V1 or V2 has been removed with the "missing input"
You might want to re-read and clarify a bit. Also, what's a Twinolux?
Any one know the answer?
The remaining preamp tube that was used for the bright channel is probably used for the tremolo. That's my guess.
I haven't seen a schem but that sounds like the deal.


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UK cuts overseas aid amid worst recession in over 300 years
Christmas lights are lit up on New Bond Street in Mayfair, London, Tuesday, Nov. 24, 2020. Haircuts, shopping trips and visits to the pub will be back on the agenda for millions of people when a four-week lockdown in England comes to an end next week, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said Monday. (AP Photo/Alberto Pezzali)
LONDON (AP) — The British government has ditched its long-standing target for overseas aid in order to finance other spending priorities in the year ahead as the pandemic caused the deepest recession in more than three centuries.
In a statement to lawmakers on Wednesday, Treasury chief Rishi Sunak said that the target to allocate 0.7% of national income to overseas aid will be cut to 0.5%. The move is widely expected to free up about 4 billion pounds ($5.3 billion) for the Conservative government to use elsewhere.
He said "sticking rigidly" to the target "is difficult to justify" to people. "At a time of unprecedented crisis, government must make tough choices," he said.
He insisted that the government aims to return to the target introduced by the Labour government of Tony Blair around two decades ago but that even with the new target, the U.K. will still be the second biggest aid spender among the Group of Seven leading industrial nations.
In a sobering assessment, Sunak sought to balance ongoing support for the economy with a longer-term commitment to heal pubic finances after a stark deterioration.
"Our health emergency is not yet over and our economic emergency has only just begun," he said.
Sunak said the government's independent economic forecasters are predicting that the British economy will end up 11.3% smaller this year than where it started, the "largest fall in output for more than 300 years."
The Office for Budget Responsibility also said the economy will grow by 5.5% in 2021 and 6.6% the following year and that as a result the output lost during the pandemic won't have been recovered until the final quarter of 2022.
Sunak warned that the pandemic's cost will have long-term "scarring" with the economy 3% smaller in 2025 than predicted in the budget in March.
The massive fall in output this year has led to a huge increase in government borrowing as the government sought to cushion the blow. He said borrowing this fiscal year is set to rise to 394 billion pounds, or 19% of national income, "the highest recorded level of borrowing in our peacetime history."
He warned that with borrowing at this level, underlying public debt is rising towards 100% of annual GDP.
"High as these costs are, the costs of inaction would have been far higher," he said. "But this situation is clearly unsustainable over the medium term."
Sunak said the government would continue to support the economy for now and that day-to-day spending by government departments will increase 3.8% next year, which he said is the fastest rise in cash terms in 15 years.
He said the government doctors and nurses in the National Health Service will get a pay rise next year but that others in the public sector will not.
Sunak also announced extra money to support Prime Minister Boris Johnson's program of investments in infrastructure across the U.K., particularly in the north of England, where the Conservatives won seats during the last general election.
LONDON (AP) — British Prime Minister Boris Johnson narrowly avoided a defeat in Parliament on Tuesday after lawmakers voted against a controversial proposal seeking to bar trade deals with any country deemed by the U.K. High Court to be committing genocide.
The amendment to the government's post-Brexit trade bill was largely designed to force international action in addressing China's alleged human rights abuses against the Uighur minority in the far western Xinjiang region.


July 14th 2018. I brought home the Beta 500 RR-S. Since May, I've been shopping around for a motorcycle I can take nearly anywhere. I was initially set on a KTM 500 EXC or 350. Then i started leaning toward a lower cost Honda / Kawasaki. At Dirt Daze, I finally demoed a KTM 690 Enduro R and it was a blast but unfortunately two things kept me from buying that motorcycle….well 3 actually.
The Aftermarket is too huge. I'm a modifier / farkler at heart. KTM has so many options for modifications that it would cause me to build the bike up too much, add weight, complications, etc.
The availability of the 690 Enduro was very slim. These bikes sell for $11K (or over sticker), they require long lead times and finding one used is easy but you're only saving $2K on a bike that was completely beat-up off road because people are happy to pay it.
With the 690 off my plate, I found a few KTMs but the price continued to be too high. While at Dirt Daze I did check out the Beta motorcycles. This small Italian dealer only sends a few hundred a year to USA but they are 50-state street legal, meet emissions and are basically dirt bikes that are completely legal. They aren't stripped down to be fun off road. They are truly built to be ridden off road from 125CC up to 500CC. They come in 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke variants, race-models, X-Trainer, RR and RR-S which the S being the street legal designation.
The bike is on its 2nd owner at time of sale, the 1st couldn't make payments, the 2nd only road it to and from work and now a 48 hour ridden Beta which is $11K new with $1500 in modifications is for sale for $6900. I message the guy as soon as I saw it and I was 2nd in line to buy it. Luckily, the first guy went MIA and I picked it up as soon as I was able.
This is the largest displacement model they make. I was looking for a 350CC for more single-track riding but this will do.


Eastman Kodak Co., of Rochester, New York, is an American film maker and camera maker. For at least three quarters of the 20th century it played the dominant role in worldwide photography business.
In 1879 George Eastman, amateur photographer and employee of a bank in Rochester, had invented an emulsion-coating machine for mass production of dry plates and got a patent on it in England. In 1881 he and Rochester's local buggy whip \ the address 343 State Street, longtime headquarters address of the company. In 1884 Eastman and Strong transformed their partnership to a corporation for ]photography. The first step towards that goal was the "Kojak" camera he introduced in 1888 which had a built-in 100-exposure paper roll film costing $25, a huge amount. The box camera had to be sent back to the factory once all the exposures had been used. The customers got their cameras back with new film roll loaded into it, and the image prints. In 1890 a Kodak folding camera with built-in 48 exposure film roll followed. After years of advertising the brand Kodak the company was renamed Eastman Kodak Co. In 1900 Eastman had reached his goal, offering the Brownie rollfilm camera which cost only $1 including a 6 exposure film. Further film rolls cost just 15 cents. The Brownie camera series was continued until 1970.
Through the early twentieth century, Kodak produced an increasingly large range of cameras, in an increasing range of film formats - becoming the dominant supplier of both cameras and film.
in Mexico: Kodak Industrial, S.A. de C.V.
With exception of the Mexican plant all these international branches made cameras. Most U.S. plants outside Rochester specialized in producing basic materials like gelatine (Peabody/Massachusetts), plastics (Longview/Texas), chemicals (Batesville/Arkansas), polyester fibre (Columbia/S.C.), and basic materials for film making and others (Kingsport/Tennessee). Some of the films and plates were made in Windsor/Colorado. At its peak, the company was huge and made everything connected with photography: cameras, lenses (including some of the best lenses of the mid-20th century, see Kodak lenses), film, and processing chemicals and equipment, in addition to photographic materials used in the graphic arts industry (for example, for printing). It also conducted important photographic research and development. 60,000 people were working for Kodak in Rochester. In 1966 the company had 100,000 employees worldwide.
The most popular Kodak cameras were the ones for 126 film cartridges. The first of these cameras was launched in 1963. By 1976, 60 million Instamatic cameras had been sold, six times more than all competitors put together had sold of this camera type, and also six times more than Kodak's previous big success, the Brownie Star camera series (10 million Starflex, Starmite, and Starflash sold, made from 1957 to 1962). Another huge success was achieved with Kodak's type 110 pocket film cartridges and pocket cameras which were introduced in 1972. But this time other companies took a larger share of the market by abandoning their own miniature film formats and introducing smart pocket cameras for 110 film instead. Kodak's decline began when it flopped with another miniature film format, the disc film, in the 1980s.
In the late 1970s, Kodak developed Instant cameras and a new Instant Picture system, in competition with Polaroid. This led to lawsuits, resulting in a loss for Kodak. Damages of over $900 million were awarded to Polaroid.
In the year 1976 camera engineer Steven Sasson developed Kodak's first digital still camera (for 0.1 megapixel black&white exposures), based on newest CCD technology. Kodak didn't realize the huge value of this invention and delayed the production of digital consumer cameras until it was too late to enter the digital market with the huge success that Kodak was used to having. In August 2006 it abandoned the production of digital cameras by outsourcing the production to Flextronics, an all-and-everything OEM manufacturer in Singapore.
Becoming the only super power in a market of popular and professional products was not just based on product quality. Advertising the big brand was always a not underestimatable factor of Kodak's success.
No. 2 Cartridge Premo Model B.
No. 2C Autographic Kodak Jr.
Six-16 Kodak, Art Deco styling.
See also Instamatic 110 list.
↑ Polaroid corp. v Eastman Kodak Co.
"Optical industry in Rochester (N.Y.)"
KODAK Milestones, 1880-1980, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester NY, USA: 1980.
Coe, Brian, Kodak Cameras: The First Hundred Years, p.60, Hove Foto Books, Hove, East Sussex, UK: 1988.
History of Kodak on Kodak's website.
Kodak patents, a collection of over 1,200 patents related to Kodak cameras.
History of Kodak Cameras, a complete list with all the cameras made by Kodak, dates, film sizes and original prices, on Kodak's website. PDF available.
Kodak Classics by Mischa Koning ~ A site with manuals, historical background information, articles and pictures on nearly 500 Classic Kodak cameras.
The Kodak Collector's Page by Walker Mangum, with many information including an article about the Kodak roll film numbers by Thom Bell.
Kodak manuals, booklets and other historical literature (some in PDF and some in HTML) at OrphanCameras.com.
Kodak DCS series DSLRs at Photography in Malaysia.
The Remigijus box Brownie Camera Page by Remy Steller.
Kodak Cameras Price Guide by CollectiBlend.
Ed's Kodak Collection by Ed van Mil, a dutch Kodakcollector.


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Tag Archives: undo
Pakistan, Politics, Sindh
Sindhi-Mohajir Rapprochement is possible
– Rapprochement is possible
By Abrar Kazi & Zulfiqar Halepoto
ONCE again, differences between the PPP and MQM have translated into a Sindhi-Mohajir confrontation. In fact, the reasons for this are inherent in the politics of both parties.
The politics of PPP which it calls 'the politics of reconciliation' is in fact politics without principles that negates its manifesto. For example, the party promised to undo the Musharraf-era division of Hyderabad district and the clubbing together of Karachi's five districts, which Benazir Bhutto criticised as an administrative division imposed by a dictator. But the promise was never fulfilled.
The PPP's major fault is, however, to take the support of Sindhis for granted. It has failed to recognise that the Sindhi people's love for their motherland transcends party lines, all sacrifices rendered by the PPP or any other party notwithstanding, and that their unity of thought on major issues is phenomenal.
The MQM's politics appears to be based on the ethnic sentiments of its voters, which when exploited, have the damaging effect of causing dislike for those who do not speak Urdu. The journey from 'Mohajir' to 'Muttahida' was considered a policy shift towards the integration of MQM supporters with the rest of Sindh. But it turned out to be more a change of strategy than of heart.
Such politics tend to paint all Urdu-speaking people with the same brush although most are progressive and liberal and desire peace and integration. Pakistan's security establishment, the guardians of the 'ideological and geographical frontiers' of the country, have contributed their own bit to this confrontation so that the province has reached its present status of seemingly insurmountable problems.
Consciously or unconsciously, a large segment of the Urdu-speaking intelligentsia, civil society and media have either kept quiet or are perceived as supporting such an ethnic viewpoint thereby increasing the rift. Pervez Musharraf's dictatorship further widened the gulf through deliberate design to give control of Sindh's urban centres to the MQM as independent administrative units through the district government system. The LGO 2001 appeared to dovetail with the thinking of those who supported the idea of a Mohajir province in Sindh. This resulted in causing suspicion among Sindhis, who despite the numerous merits of the local government system, rejected the change as an attempt to divide Sindh.
Sindhis voted for the PPP and its manifesto which promised to undo all Musharraf's actions including the local government system of 2001. Since then, there have been incessant demands for the promised actions.
One point must be noted here. Since 1988, the MQM and the PPP have shared power in Sindh three times. Without going into the deeper factors, the general acceptance of the power-sharing by the masses is indicative that by and large the voters and also the people are fundamentally in favour of coexistence between the Sindh- and Urdu-speaking-sindhis of the province.
Another point worth noting is that the 'Sindh card' often played by the PPP whenever it has been in trouble is in effect dead from this point on.
Rather than acting on people's aspirations, the PPP government has resorted to unprincipled politics, refusing to understand the larger issues involved in the present controversy and thus further aggravating the Sindhi-Urdu (Mohajir) divide.
The angry reaction of Sindhis against the PPP and MQM must be seen against this backdrop. It is not about a few nationalist leaders, intellectuals and members of civil society agitating the people. Neither is it about the present district government controversy. It is the pent-up frustration and anger of many decades of authoritarian and military rule in Pakistan, especially in Sindh. It is about what is seen as the plunder of Sindh's resources without corresponding benefits to Sindh.
It is about the ownership of two prosperous cities of Sindh, established and developed by a competent and dedicated mercantile and cosmopolitan Sindhi Hindu and Muslim class that flourished much before Pakistan came into existence. It is about the humiliation of seeing a provincial assembly passing a resolution to in effect put a ban on Sindhis getting admission in public-sector professional institutions and employment in the multinational companies. It is also about the frustration at the unending cycle of blood on the streets.This constant confrontation between Sindhis and Mohajirs (urdu-speaking-sindhis0 is a source of great loss to Pakistan and still greater loss to Sindh. Despite being secular and progressive, Sindh lags behind in terms of economic and social development because of the albatross of PPP and MQM policies. Sindh is a prosperous and resource-rich province. It is also a land of secular and liberal people who have given strong political leadership to Pakistan from Jinnah to Benazir Bhutto.
It presented the incumbent PPP government an unmatched opportunity to correct all the wrongs done to the country by the civil and military establishment of Pakistan. A strong democratic and plural society, could have been created to tackle terrorism, the sectarian and ethnic divide and violence in politics but the opportunity was lost by the PPP. The MQM's alignment with the security establishment further damaged the cause.
There is still hope though. The present revolt against the PPP indicates that Sindhis can reject their own elected government if they fear a division of the province. This raises the opportunity for progressive Urdu-speaking Sindhis to join hands with the Sindhis to make the province an ideal homeland setting an example of peaceful coexistence and democracy.
Courtesy: DAWN.COM
angryarmyAssemblyauthoritarianbackdropBenazirBhuttocivilcoexistencecommunalcontrolcontroversydamagedeliberatedemandsDesigndictatordivisionEstablishmentextremismFearFrustrationFundamentalismGHQGulfHandsharmonyHopeintegrationintellecturalsISIJinnahJoinJourneyKarachiliberalManifestoMilitaryMohajirmotherlandMusharrafMuttahidaNationalistopportunityPakistanPeaceplunderPolicyProgressiveRawalpindireactionrecongniseresolutionrulesecurityshiftSindhsocietyStatestrategyTalibanTerrorismundowidened
Moscow accuses Poland of attempting to "rewrite history" after it is not invited to the event.


The restaurant is locally renowned for its well selected menu, home cooking and friendly professional staff. The array of dishes on offer includes snacks, traditional roasts dinners and modern dishes. The Curran Court Hotel Restaurant has been trading for over 30years and this experience is shown off in every meal that is served.
This restaurant never fails to please. The food is excellent although I find it is a little bit overpriced. Nice cosy surroundings.


The 4KPPP Micro Oil Skimmer is a lightweight chemical resistant oil skimming unit designed to skim oil and sludge and other floating contaminants from any body of liquid, i.e tanks, ponds, streams and restricted areas. It is constructed using chemically resistant Polypropylene and will withstand high water temperatures, a wide variety of solvents including hydrocarbon-based materials as well as salt, caustic solutions and a variety of strong acids.
The 4KPPP floating oil skimmer measures 350mm x 350mm x 445 and will fit through a 350mm opening.
The draught of the 4KPP Micro Oil Skimmer is 265mm - that is from the water level to lowest part of bottom fitting.
The polypropylene floats on the oil skimmer are sealed with a 1" BSP cap. Water is used as ballast to hold the skimmer at the required depth.The ballast inside the floats stabilizes the oil skimmer and the floats are sealed using a plastic welder.
Pipes and other ancillary fittings used are constructed using Polypropylene. It comes complete with a self-adjusting floating head that is made using a polypropylene outer retaining cup with an inner floating head. Water is drawn down through the inner cup which automatically adjusts its position relative to the water's surface to allow the required amount of surface water drawn by the pump to pass over it.The depth to which the weir (top of the inner cup) goes below the surface of the water is known as the "cut", the less the amount being pumped the finer the cut.
Net weight 4.5kg, Gross weight 5.2kg.
Unaffected by heat to 100c.
Polypropylene heat and acid proof fittings.
Floats, unaffected by changing water levels.
Low maintenance - no mechanical moving parts.
Can be supplied with connection to suit client needs.
Will work on gravity alone - without a pump.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hope these words will change the world someday..
So sad about what's happening.
I like his songs. He very well shows my state of mind and how it resonates with it. I listen to his songs every time I want to play online casino. I'm a gambler. And I'm trying to cope with this. Sometimes it's hard. Played a very long time in until I realized that, I can not stop making bets. And although this casino and always paid winnings, I realized that it is necessary to finish with this when I began to distance myself from my family. So thanks to this artist, he keeps me afloat.
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