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text:
The Customer's Always Wrong: People Share Their Nightmare Workplace Stories
"I, to this day, remain angry that the woman was rewarded for throwing a hissy fit."
When you work with customers, you learn one fact fairly quickly: Customers can be absolutely terrible. Don't tell that to a manager, however, or they'll reply with every customer service worker's least-favorite sentence.
"The customer is always right."
It doesn't matter, apparently, if the customer is screaming obscenities—they're right because they have money and have somehow managed to walk into the establishment without falling over.
In a recent Reddit thread, the site's users shared some of their best stories of customer malfeasance. We collected a few of the best, then edited them slightly for grammar and readability.
You can always count on some customers to complain, whether there's anything wrong or not.
"I once worked at Kinko's, long ago," wrote InfiniteChicken. "One dude was so angry, even as I started helping him. He asked for a bunch of copies. I made them and set them down in front of him."
"'How's that look?' I asked. 'Well, you printed them upside down!' Guy was edgy. So I turned the stack of pages 180 degrees. The guy says: '…I don't like your attitude.' Some people are determined to be displeased."
InfiniteChicken's anecdote sparked a memory in another Reddit user. Apparently, these complaint-happy customers are everywhere, in all sorts of industries.
iStock.com/anouchka
"A similar thing happened to me when working at Starbucks," wrote MotherOfDragonflies. "This lady ordered an iced mocha, and I stupidly forgot to add the mocha syrup."
"This was obviously my mistake, so I fixed it for her. She came back with it a little while later and said, 'I'm sorry, this just doesn't taste right. I want a new one.'"
"I said okay and started making her a new one while she went to the bathroom. I hadn't picked up her old one off the bar yet, though, so she gets out of the bathroom, walks up to the bar and sees her old drink."
"She says, 'Ah, that one looks better already.' She takes a big drink and says, 'Now see, this is perfect.' And walks away—while I'm left standing there with her half-made drink in my hand. She left before I could even say anything."
Actually, MotherOfDragonflies may have stumbled onto a pretty decent strategy for dealing with picky customers. A one-time furniture deliverer explains:
"I was a furniture delivery guy in college," wrote wynia. "A woman ordered this high back red leather chair."
"We delivered it, and she complained about the grain in the leather. We explained that leather is a natural product and bears irregularities. If she wanted uniformity, she should buy vinyl. She got insulted and informed us in no uncertain terms that she was well-off and would only buy genuine leather."
iStock.com/PaulMaguire
"We took the chair back to the store and exchanged it for the other one we had: a floor model. We brought that one out and she did the same thing, pointing out things in the grain that she disliked."
"We took it back to the store and asked the owner what to do. By then the chair was actually no longer made, so he told us to bring the first chair again."
"We delivered those same two chairs seven times. She never caught on and eventually decided she really liked the 'seventh' chair. Which was, of course, the one she originally hated."
Selling cakes is no piece of…ah, skip it.
"I worked in a store that sells ice cream cakes," wrote Romiress. "A woman came in with half a cake. We thought it'd be melted. Nope, much more concerning: Her son had a piece yesterday and got ill."
"They didn't make the connection until the daughter ate a piece that morning and also became ill. To say the least, my manager was freaking out. If there's some kind of food poisoning going on, the whole store could be shut down, and it would be a huge mess."
If you've ever worked in food service, this story probably has your heart rate up already. Food safety is serious business; one slip can sink a whole operation. In this case, though, there turned out to be a bit of user error at play.
"She passes me the cake and tells me to check who made it so we can call it in," continued Romiress. "I open up the case, look at it, and it took every bit of control I could muster to not laugh in front of the customer."
iStock.com/faithiecannoise
"The cake was a Valentine's Day cake, and it was September. My manager had to explain to the woman that half-eaten ice cream cakes don't hold for a half a year, and the woman kept insisting we test it."
You'd think cake shops would be pretty chill places, but apparently not.
"I'm a cake decorator," wrote missingno__. "We recently had a customer pick up her cake which had a printed picture of a high heel shoe that she sent us on top. She goes, "What the f*** is this?" and starts flipping out—banging on tables, screaming at the top of her lungs in front of other customers, trying to fight the owner, threatening to come back with a [weapon]."
Something had this customer hot. It took a while, but this Reddit user finally figured out why she was so angry.
"We had to call the cops. Turns out, she had wanted a life-like edible version of the shoe, not a printed picture. So all this because when she ordered the cake, she did not know the difference between 2D and 3D."
Sometimes, your best bet is to let the customer believe they actually are right.
"I was working at a concession at a race track at the time, running the register," wrote patientish. "This one particular night it was super busy. It was the last race weekend of the season, we ran out of Coke, and the deep fryer caught fire. I was at the burger stand, and the line was crazy."
iStock.com/bymuratdeniz
"This one lady came and ordered a burger with cheese. Trying to be quick, I yelled back to the cooks, 'One cheeseburger.' She looks at me and huffs, 'No, I said a burger with cheese, not a cheeseburger!' So I had to yell back, 'Sorry, a burger with cheese! Cancel the cheeseburger!'"
"It's just one of the many moments in my customer service/retail career that made me question my sanity just a little."
Hazards of food-service apparently include projectile comestibles.
"I used to work in a patisserie (we specialized in wedding cakes), and this guy ordered a Noah's Ark cake," wrote UndeadYakuza. "My boss made these cute little fondant animals going into an ark on the sides of the baby blue cake. The customer came to pick it up, and as soon as he looked at the cake, his nose scrunched up and he frowned. He said, 'This cake looks absolutely horrible. I demand a refund!'"
"I called my boss several times, but no answer, and I told him I could hold onto the cake until my boss was free and could call him back personally. He starts yelling at me (a minimum wage cashier) and demanding his refund. I told him I wasn't able to because of my position and tried calling my boss again."
"[The customer] continued yelling. I asked him to calm down or I would have to ask him to leave. He yelled back at me one more time, 'I want my f***ing refund!'"
"Which I told him again I couldn't do. So his response was to open the cake box, remove the cake, and throw it at me. I ducked, it hit the wall, and I told him in no small way that he wouldn't get his refund back, and if he didn't leave, I would call the cops."
"The next day, he called the patisserie and demanded to talk to my boss. She told him that since he threw the cake at her employee and … wouldn't just relax and let her call him back, he wouldn't get his cake and was permanently banned from the establishment."
Cakes aren't the only things angry customers throw. Here's the sad tale of a pizza pie that didn't end up where it should, i.e., in someone's tummy.
"I want to thank you because your story reminded me of something that happened 10 years ago," replied THE_IRISHMAN_35. "I worked in a pizzeria. Well, one night a woman called in an order for a large pizza."
"The woman shows up about 20 minutes later to pick it up. This woman had to have been about seven or eight months pregnant. The pizza had just come out of the oven. It was cut and boxed, and the cashier opened the box to show the woman it was her pizza and that it wasn't messed up."
"The woman took two of her fingers, stuck them straight down in the middle, and pulled them out. She looked the cashier (who also happened to be the manager) straight in the eye and says, 'It's cold. I want a new one.'"
iStock.com/stevecoleimages
"You can see steam coming off this pizza. It was not cold in any way. It had just come out of a 550-degree oven. The manager explained that the pizza is not cold, that she can see the steam, and that it had just come out of the oven. The woman was so angry she picked up the pizza and threw it into the cashier's face. She then ran full-speed out the door."
"The reason I mentioned that she was seven or eight months pregnant is so you can visualize a small pregnant woman running full speed, which was, in fact, a giant waddle out the door. One of the drivers got the license plate, and she was arrested."
"She gave the cashier second-degree burns from the scalding-hot cheese. Seeing her run is one of the funniest things I've seen, and I had to hold back my laughter because the cashier was hurt. I picked up the cashier and tossed her over my shoulder and ran her into the back where we clean the dishes and sprayed her face off with water to get the cheese and sauce off as quick as possible."
When a deal seems too good to be true, it pays to read the fine print.
"In college, I worked for a kitchen/bath/bedding superstore," wrote Benders_Are_Good. "There was a special on high-end pots and pans sets. Essentially, if you bought a particular set ($250ish), you got an accompanying pan for one cent."
"The signage was very clear that the bonus pan was only a penny if you bought the full set. It was in large print. I was a cashier, and I rang up the pan for the regular price ($75) because she didn't have the set. She immediately exploded and said the pan was on sale for one penny."
"I didn't work in that department, but knew that was bulls***. I called the manager up, who calmly explained what the special was. She said we were trying to scam her and manipulate customers, and actually made us call the corporate office because we were too 'stupid to understand the sale.'"
iStock.com/yulkapopkova
"After she and my manager spoke to someone, corporate said to give her the pan for a penny and tell her we appreciated her business. I, to this day, remain angry that the woman was rewarded for throwing a hissy fit."
At least she was only arguing for herself—and not trying to ruin another customer's day.
"As the cashier behind me finishes ringing up the customer's order for groceries (well over $100), the man yells at the cashier that the total is wrong," wrote BaconGenerator. "[He thinks] the register added incorrectly."
"The cashier and the customer went over every item to make sure nothing was the wrong price or double-scanned. Everything scanned was correct; the machine just added incorrectly, according to [the customer]. This poor lady had to clear out the order (which is a very difficult process), take everything out of the bags, and ring it up again. Same total."
This was the only story we found from a ferry worker.
It sounds like an awesome job—until you realize that most of the work involves taking care of irate customers.
"I worked on a ferry dock that sent cars over," wrote CaptainCJ. "On a fairly busy day, a woman came and parked her car in the ferry line and then left. When the ferry came, we had to load the cars on the ferry. Well, this woman wasn't back yet, so we caused huge confusion on the dock trying to fish out the cars and trucks behind her."
"We finally got everything loaded and sent the boat off (only five or 10 minutes late on a tight schedule). The woman comes back and sees that we skipped her and starts b****ing at me, an 18-year old lowly dockhand. She starts b****ing hardcore about how we 'weren't allowed to skip her' and 'should have gone looking for her.'"
iStock.com/Elena Odareeva
"I told her that we've never done that and how she caused us to be late. She then asked for my superior, who luckily backed me up. She was still not convinced; she called the owner of the ferry because of course she knew him."
"That's when I thought I was f***ed, because even though I knew I was right, I thought the owner would take the side of his friend. However, he stayed on my side and defended me, much to the anger of this woman. We got her on the next ferry, and I told the captain to put her car on the side that would get the most water from the waves and he smiled and did so. A few hours later, the owner of the ferry came over and bought me an ice cream, telling me he was sorry I had to deal with his friend."
When kids are your customers, you quickly learn to be wary.
"I was working at a pawn shop when a kid and his parents come in," wrote mrchief177. "The kid wants to sell his original Xbox and wants an outrageous amount, claiming he had modded it and installed a large HDD. The parents were backing him up during the whole thing, saying how he was so good with computers and technology."
iStock.com/Joe_Potato
"At the time I was modding plenty of Xboxes for friends, so right off the bat, I could tell the kid was full of s***. The Xbox still had the stock crappy dashboard and the warranty sticker had not been broken yet."
"I still couldn't convince the kid's parents otherwise. Finally, I cracked the case open on the counter and showed the parents the stock 8-gigabyte drive. Needless to say, they were mad at their son and left with him in tow, and the Xbox. I felt pretty good after that."
The right customer can really have an impact on a store.
Usually, though, they don't literally have an impact.
"Back in the day, when I worked at a crappy drive-through, I had a guy in a new car come through and proceed to hit a pole or wall on his way up," wrote degausser_. "He began to yell at me about how this car just cost him $40,000, and he is expecting compensation for the damage we did to his car, and how it's all our fault."
"I told him that if he is going to buy a car that expensive he should be able to drive it properly (which I know was rather rude, but 15-year-old me had no patience for anyone like that) and then rang up his order."
"He then went off again about how we should be compensating him for his car and he couldn't believe I was going to (gasp!) still charge him for his meal. Sorry, buddy, I am not responsible for your inability to drive."
When someone corrects you on your name, you know you're in for a ride.
"I had a customer read my name tag when I worked at a local coffee shop," wrote jbone17. "He then looked at me and said, 'That is a very peculiar name.' I mentioned to him I was named after an automobile."
"He then proceeded to tell me that I could not be named after an automobile because that is illegal. Being polite, I just went along with him—until he told me that I should change my name because it was copyright infringement and that he will report me to the right authorities. I really hated that job."
iStock.com/kurmyshov
In a later edit, jbone18 refused to give his actual name (which is pretty understandable).
"Everyone has been asking me my name, and I am not completely comfortable handing my full name over to the internet. I am named after a British car manufacturer, and my first and last name are the brand of car."
We're just guessing here, but we think his name is Jaguar Land Rover.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Best wishes and prayers for a wonderful 2014 and may the following years get even better.
May your health improve and with each day and don't give up!!
I was gone when Bobby died as well. Made me think of all of the years we contemplated the 'final solution' for ourselves anyway. Don't remember the drugs involved but maybe being in my 70's and your blog has renewed my interest in end of life alternatives. Creativity is what I have valued most in my life. I wonder if this value will hold true for me going forward.


When you execute a right click on an item you get a menu named Send to and when you take the mouse pointer to Send to it extends and showcases a list of locations which helps you to send a file to different locations. Commonly you use Send to menu what you get by default in the operating System you possess. But the fact which is hidden is you can increase or decrease number of items in the extended menu of Send.
Remove items from Send to and Add Items To Send to menu to items are continuously productive to enhance computing experience whether it is in Windows 10 environment. If you add an item to Send to it avails additional location where you prefer to store your files. Oppositely by Removing items you can declutter the menu which makes your computing easy and fast. In a nut and shell, this feature equips to have an item in the send to menu as per your convenience.
We will elaborate in this article about how to Remove and Add Items in the Extended Menu of Send to in Windows 10 for the purpose of dispatching Files to additional possible locations.
Jointly press Winkey and R which leads to the emergence of run dialog box.
Copy the underneath bunch of codes and paste in the box proceed with a hit on Enter key.
cause the folder to open.
You observe the items in the SendTo folder and find that they are identical to the items in the extended menu of Send To.
You might have understood that when you delete an item from the folder it will itself be excluded from the extended menu of Send to.
And adversely if you add bring an item to the folder it will be added to the menu.
For Example, creating a New folder in SendTo folder leads to automatically Add a New folder in the extended menu of Send to.
Right in this manner deleting the just precedently created New folder is enough to remove the New folder named item from the extended menu of Send to.


The movement is in working condition at the time of cataloguing. The watch is in excellent overall condition with hardly any signs of wear. The case with extremely minor signs of tarnishing. The buckle with extremely minor signs of wear, otherwise it is in excellent overall condition. * Please note that the movement has not tested for the accuracy of time and may need service at the buyer's expense. Please note that Sotheby's does not guarantee the future working of the movement. ** Please be advised that the bands on this watch are made of materials derived from endangered or otherwise protected species, please refer to important notices for further information.


For years, I have known that I am the best at what I do. When I was working for A-105, I did closing. When sales came in, I would close them. My techniques were so amazing that they took how I closed and put it in a questionnaire. I must say, they liked the way I did work!


The Bradford Public Library has an experienced and dedicated staff to assist you with all of your learning needs.
I graduated from Bradford Schools in 1983. I then attended Sinclair College and received an Associates Degree in Early Childhood in 1985. Larry Barger and I were married in the fall of 1986 and had our first child in 1987. In the fall of 1988, I started working for the Bradford Schools as a Preschool Teacher. My second child was born in 1990.
We are please to have Scott Besecker as our IT Support Coordinator for the library. He is also the Director of Technology for Bradford Schools and works very hard at keeping our computers and electronic & digital equipment running. It has been such an advantage for BPL to work closely with the school so that we coordinate and complement each other's technologies and programs. Scott is a lifetime resident of Bradford, a 1972 graduate of Bradford High School, and has been in education for 33 years, 28 years at Bradford with the last 17 years in the technology arena.
I was born and raised in Greenville, Ohio and graduated from Greenville High School in 1988. I started a family shortly after and settled in the Brookville, Ohio area. My husband Desi, and children Josh and Courtney moved to Bradford in 1997. Our son, Clay, was born soon after.
After retiring from teaching, I volunteered to help find appropriate reading level books for the classroom teachers who ordered books from the public library.
My name is Carol Reed. I have been employed with the Bradford Public Library for two years on a part-time basis. I first took the job to earn a little extra money, but found out that I really enjoy working at the library.
Sue Vickroy is a native of Bradford, raised as a child in the home of railroader, Amos Carine and his wife Dorothy. During her "growing up" years she heard many stories of the railroad and Bradford.
I was born and raised in the Bradford area and graduated from Bradford High School in 1984. My last 2 years of high school I attended the Upper Valley JVS. At the beginning of my senior year it was mandatory for us to find a job. I was hired on by a Miami county office and continued to work there for 31 years at which time I retired. I saw in the Stillwater Advertiser that there was a position open for a substitute librarian, so I applied. I really enjoy the patrons and people I work with.


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Girl injured in carnival ride speaks briefly to media
Updated: 9:31 AM CDT Jun 4, 2016
Nicole Goodrich
A girl who was disfigured in an accident with a carnival ride appeared before reporters Friday, saying she was still in pain but quietly offering thanks to her supporters.Elizabeth Gilreath's scalp was removed while she was on a carnival ride during Omaha's Cinco de Mayo Festival.Since then, she has had five surgeries. She and her mother, Virginia Cooksey, said they are hoping to leave the hospital this coming Monday or Tuesday."She can't wait to get home," Cooksey said.Cooksey said LuLu, the mother's name for her daughter, can see out of both eyes, but she has double vision in her left eye.When LuLu appeared before reporters, she had several layers of bandages on her head and her left eye appeared to be swollen shut.Doctors at Nebraska Medicine will continue to treat LuLu."He's giving LuLu his word that he's going to do everything he can to make LuLu as beautiful as she was before, and she's still beautiful," Cooksey said.Everyone is relying on LuLu being LuLu, because a little laughter helps all of them feel better."It's what keeps me going. It's what keeps me strong," Cooksey said. "(LuLu) is my strength."
OMAHA, Neb. —
A girl who was disfigured in an accident with a carnival ride appeared before reporters Friday, saying she was still in pain but quietly offering thanks to her supporters.
Elizabeth Gilreath's scalp was removed while she was on a carnival ride during Omaha's Cinco de Mayo Festival.
[Video: Girl injured in carnival ride speaks briefly to media]
Since then, she has had five surgeries. She and her mother, Virginia Cooksey, said they are hoping to leave the hospital this coming Monday or Tuesday.
Omaha hairstylist working to help girl who had scalp removed by carnival ride
2 fundraisers being held for girl injured on carnival ride
Carnival ride that claimed girl's scalp had been inspected last month, state says
Girl who lost scalp faces years of healing, mom says
'I drove here to find out my daughter's scalp had been totally removed,' father says
"She can't wait to get home," Cooksey said.
Cooksey said LuLu, the mother's name for her daughter, can see out of both eyes, but she has double vision in her left eye.
When LuLu appeared before reporters, she had several layers of bandages on her head and her left eye appeared to be swollen shut.
Doctors at Nebraska Medicine will continue to treat LuLu.
"He's giving LuLu his word that he's going to do everything he can to make LuLu as beautiful as she was before, and she's still beautiful," Cooksey said.
Everyone is relying on LuLu being LuLu, because a little laughter helps all of them feel better.
"It's what keeps me going. It's what keeps me strong," Cooksey said. "(LuLu) is my strength."


text:
A History of World Societies, Concise Edition, Volume 2
Twelfth Edition| ©2021 Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage today's students and save instructors time. Th...
Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage today's students and save instructors time. The Concise Edition includes the unabridged narrative, primary sources in each chapter, a full-color map and art program, and comprehensive supplement options, including Achieve and a free companion sourcebook.
Achieve helps you do more than you can with print alone. Available on its own or packaged with the book at a steep discount, the Achieve platform is ready to use as is, or can be edited and customized with your own material and assigned right away. Developed with extensive feedback from history instructors and students, Achieve includes the complete, full color narrative e-textbook, as well as abundant primary documents, maps, images, assignments, tutorials, and activities. The aims of key learning outcomes are addressed via formative and summative assessment, short answer and essay questions, multiple choice quizzing, and LearningCurve, an adaptive learning tool designed to get students to read before they come to class. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
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An affordable, full-color world history text that offers a regional and global approach that highlights society and culture.
NEW! Achieve, an innovative online learning platform with robust tools. Providing activities for student engagement and analytics for instructor insight, Achieve for A History of World Societies features LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, an integrated companion source reader, an online test bank, map quizzes, tutorials with assessment, and helpful course supplements, such as images and lecture slides. Adopt Achieve on its own or package with the print book.
The signature focus on social and cultural history and a readable, accessible narrative brings history to life for students. A History of World Societies uses vibrant social history to introduce students to the global past. The time-tested regional organization with global reach acquaints students with different parts of the world and helps them understand global connections.
Special features and a wealth of primary sources introduce students to historical interpretation. Students connect to the past through approximately 300 written and visual primary sources in the document features "Analyze Visual Evidence," "Analyze Written Evidence," "Compare Viewpoints," and "Think like a Historian." "Individuals in Society" biographical portraits highlight the lives of both elite and common people, and further the book's attention to social and cultural developments while reflecting growing interest in micro-history. In addition, Sources of World Societies, the companion reader, offers approximately five additional primary documents per chapter. These engaging features and sources are fully assignable and assessable in Achieve.
Rich pedagogical support keeps students focused and builds historical thinking skills. Section focus questions and marginal key term definitions help students keep the main ideas and terms in mind as they read, "Map the Past" activities promote geographic literacy, and "Make Connections" concluding essays tie the chapter to related discussions elsewhere in the book and help students take a broad look at continuity and change.
The most current scholarship shows students the dynamic and ongoing work of history. Drawing on their own research and that of numerous experts, renowned scholars and veteran teachers Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Patricia
NEW! Achieve, an innovative online learning platform with robust tools. Providing activities for student engagement and analytics for instructor insight, Achieve for A History of World Societies features LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, an integrated companion source reader, an online test bank, map quizzes, tutorials with assessment, and helpful course supplements, such as images and lecture slides. Adopt Achieve on its own or package it with the print book.
New thematic emphasis on environmental history. We have added a new emphasis on the environment to the social and cultural focus, comprehensive regional organization, and global perspective that have long been its hallmarks. This threads through the entire book, from Chapter 1's discussion of how the environment shaped human migration and settlement in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras, to Chapter 33's analysis of how global energy production and consumption have resulted in the climate change we experience today.
Narrative updates to incorporate the latest scholarship. Along with the addition of material on the environment and science-based evidence throughout, updates to the twelfth edition include: a revised section on human evolution (Chapter 1); a significant chapter revision, including more on the actual practices of Islam (Chapter 9); revision of the section on the Black Death to incorporate new scholarship (Chapter 14); expanded coverage of the Indian Ocean trade and new section on ideas about race (Chapter 16); more thorough discussion of the "Little Ice Age"(Chapter 18); new material on ocean fishing and whaling (Chapter 20); new section exploring human rights and liberation movements (Chapter 32).
Reversed order of Chapters 12 and 13. Our own teaching and discussion with colleagues led us to reverse the order of Chapters 12 and 13. To fit better with the more common course organization, Chapter 12 ("States and Cultures in East Asia 800–1400") is now followed by Chapter 13 ("Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia 300–1400").
"A History of World Societies is as good as you will find on the market today. It has an admirable balance of breadth vs. depth and regional vs. global coverage. It is concise enough that students will read it but there is still enough coverage for a survey class."
— Thomas Doumaux, Pitt Community College
"A History of World Societies is a well-rounded and comprehensive approach to world history. The regional approach allows the student to digest this seemingly gargantuan subject rather easily as it is separated into easily understood and straightforward sections. I would recommend this textbook to any world history instructor because it is organized and written in a way that promotes student success."
— Brian C. Johnson, Kilgore College
"A History of World Societies compares people, religions, and governing structures from all around the world in a sensitive and insightful way. It distinguishes itself in its accessibility to students with the goal of helping them build a framework to better understand the world."
— Lise Namikas, Baton Rouge Community College
Twelfth Edition| ©2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
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Twelfth Edition| 2021
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
The Acceleration of Global Contact
The Afro-Eurasian Trade World
The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen
The European Voyages of Discovery
Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain's Voyages to the Americas • Spain "Discovers" the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers
Conquest and Settlement
Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement
The Era of Global Contact
Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy
Changing Attitudes and Beliefs
Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage
Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain
Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint
The Islamic World Powers
The Islamic Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
Environmental Challenges • The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire • Land-Holding, Slavery and Imperial Administrations • The Safavid Empire in Persia • The Mughal Empire in India
Religious Developments
Religious Legitimacy and Orthodoxy • Sufism • Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule
Cultural Flowering
The Arts • City and Palace Building • Gardens • Intellectual Advances
New Patterns of Trade and European Penetration
New Forms of Consumption • The Impact of Gunpowder • European Trade in Asia and the Islamic Powers' Response • From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India
Political Decline
Analyze Visual Evidence Coffee Drinking
Compare Viewpoints Mughal and French Views on Priorities for Monarchs
Individuals in Society Hürrem, Concubine, Empress, and Counselor
European Power and Expansion
The Protestant and Catholic Reformations
The Protestant Reformation • The Catholic Reformation • Religious Violence
Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding
The Social Order and Peasant Life • Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis • The Thirty Years' War • European Achievements in State-Building
Absolutist States in Western and Central Europe
Spain • The Foundations of French Absolutism • Louis XIV and Absolutism • The Wars of Louis XIV • The Absolutist Palace • The Austrian Habsburgs
Alternatives to Absolutism
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth • The Failure of Absolutism in England • The Puritan Protectorate • Constitutional Monarchy • The Dutch Republic
Colonial Expansion and Empire
The Dutch Trading Empire • Colonial Empires of England and France • Mercantilism and Colonial Wars • People Beyond Borders
The Russian Empire
Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow • Building the Russian Empire • Peter the Great and Russia's Turn to the West
Analyze Written Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts
Compare Viewpoints Descriptions of Louis XIV of France and the Kangxi Emperor of China
Individuals in Society Glückel of Hameln, Mother and Businesswoman
New Worldviews and Ways of Life
The Muslim Contribution • Scientific Thought to 1550 • Astronomy and Physics • Newton's Synthesis • Natural History and Empire • Magic and Alchemy
Important Changes in Scientific Thinking and Practice
The Methods of Science • Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry • Science and Religion • Science and Society
The Rise and Spread of Enlightenment
The Early Enlightenment • The Influence of the Philosophes • Enlightenment Movements Across Europe
Key Issues of Enlightenment Debate
Global Contacts • New Definitions of Race • Women and the Enlightenment • Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits
Economic Change and the Atlantic World
Economic and Demographic Change • The Atlantic Economy • Urban Life and the Public Sphere • Culture and Community in the Atlantic World • The Atlantic Enlightenment
Connections, LOOK AHEAD
Analyze Visual Evidence Frontispiece to De On the Structure of the Human Body
Compare Viewpoints Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft on Women's Nature
Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten, Mixed-Race Missionary
Africa and the World
West Africa in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin • The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland • Agriculture, Gender, and Marriage in West Africa • Trade and Industry
Cross-Cultural Encounters Along the East African Coast
Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500–1630 • The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500–1600
The African Slave Trade
The Institution of Slavery in Africa • The Transatlantic Slave Trade • Impact on African Societies
Analyze Visual Evidence Lamu Old Town, Lamu Island, Kenya
Compare Viewpoints European Descriptions of Timbuktu and Jenne
Individuals in Society Olaudah Equiano, Slave to Abolitionist
Continuity and Change in East Asia
Ming China, 1368–1644
The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty • Problems with the Imperial Institution • The Mongols and the Great Wall • The Examination Life • Everyday Life in Ming China • Ming Decline
The Manchus and Qing China, to 1800
The Rise of the Manchus • Competent and Long-Lived Emperors • Imperial Expansion
Japan's Middle Ages, ca. 1400–1600
Muromachi Culture • Civil War • The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi
The Tokugawa Shogunate, to 1800
Tokugawa Government • Commercialization and the Growth of Towns • The Life of the People in the Edo Period
Maritime Trade, Piracy, and the Entry of Europe into the Asian Maritime Sphere
Zheng He's Voyages • Piracy and Japan's Overseas Adventures • Europeans Enter the Scene • Christian Missionaries • Learning from the West • The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century
Analyze Written Evidence Control of Locusts
Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Commentators on Urban Amusements
Individuals in Society Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor
Revolutions in the Atlantic World
Background to Revolution
Social Change • Demands for Liberty and Equality • The Seven Years' War
The American Revolutionary Era, 1775–1789
The Origins of the Revolution • Independence from Britain • Framing the Constitution • Limitations of Liberty and Equality
Revolution in France, 1789–1799
Breakdown of the Old Order • The National Assembly • Constitutional Monarchy • The National Convention • The Directory
Napoleon's Europe, 1799–1815
Napoleon's Rule of France • Napoleon's Expansion in Europe • The Grand Empire and Its End
The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue • The Outbreak of Revolt • The War of Haitian Independence
Revolutions in Latin America
The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers • Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence • The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World
Analyze Written Evidence Abigail Adams, "Remember the Ladies"
Compare Viewpoints Declarations of Independence: The United States and Venezuela
Individuals in Society Vincent Ogé, Free Man of Color and Revolutionary
The Revolution in Energy and Industry
The Industrial Revolution in Britain
Why Britain? • Technological Innovations and Early Factories • Steam Power and the Energy Revolution • Breakthrough • Steam-Powered Transportation • Industry and Population
Industrialization in Europe and the World
National and International Variations • Industrialization in Continental Europe • Agents of Industrialization • The Global Picture
New Patterns of Working and Living
Work in Early Factories • Working Families and Children • The Sexual Division of Labor • Living Standards for the Working Class • Environmental Impacts of Industrialization
Relations Between Capital and Labor
The New Class of Factory Owners • Responses to Industrialization • The Early Labor Movement in Britain • The Impact of Slavery
Analyze Visual Evidence Rain, Steam and Speed –– the Great Western Railway
Compare Viewpoints Indian Cotton Manufacturers
Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton, Inventor and Unsuccessful Entrepreneur
Ideologies of Change in Europe
A Conservative Peace Gives Way to Radical Ideas
The Political and Social Situation After 1815 • Conservatism After 1815 • Liberalism and the Middle Class • The Growing Appeal of Nationalism • The Birth of Socialism
Reforms and Revolutions, 1815–1850
Social and Economic Conflict • Liberal Reform in Great Britain • Revolutions in France •
The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe
Nation Building in Italy, Germany, and Russia
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy • Bismarck and German Unification • The Modernization of Russia
Urban Life in the Age of Ideologies
Improving the Urban Environment • Social Inequality and Class • The Changing Family • Science for the Masses • Cultural Shifts
Nationalism and Socialism, 1871–1914
Trends in Suffrage • The German Empire • Republican France • Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire • Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism • The Socialist Movement
Analyze Written Evidence Stefan Zweig on Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality
Compare Viewpoints German and Italian Views on Nationalism
Individuals in Society George Sand, Novelist Who Defied Gender Roles
Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism
Africa: From the Slave Trade to European Colonial Rule
Trade and Social Change • Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa • The Scramble for Africa, 1880–1914 • Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century • Colonialism's Impact After 1900
The New Imperialism, 1880–1914
Causes of the New Imperialism • A "Civilizing Mission" • Critics of Imperialism • African and Asian Resistance
The Islamic Heartland Under Pressure
Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire • Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation •
The Expanding World Economy
The Rise of Global Inequality • The World Market
The Great Global Migration
Analyze Visual Evidence Pears' Soap Advertisement
Compare Viewpoints The Congo Free State
Individuals in Society Tippu Tip, Afro-Arab Slave Trader and Diplomat
Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism
India and the British Empire in Asia
The Evolution of British Rule • The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule • The British and the Indian Educated Elite
Competition for Southeast Asia
The Dutch East Indies • Mainland Southeast Asia • The Philippines
China Under Pressure
The Opium War • Internal Problems • The Self-Strengthening Movement • Republican Revolution
Japan's Rapid Transformation
The "Opening" of Japan • The Meiji Restoration • Industrialization • Japan as an Imperial Power
The Pacific Region and the Movement of People
Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand • Asian Emigration
The Countries of Asia in Comparative Perspective
The Impact of Foreign Domination • Environmental and Economic Forces
Analyze Written Evidence Fukuzawa Yukichi, "Escape from Asia"
Compare Viewpoints Chinese and British Efforts to Reduce Infant Deaths
Individuals in Society José Rizal, Filipino Polymath and Revolutionary
The Americas in the Age of Liberalism
New Nations
Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America • Mexico and the United States • Liberal Reform in Mexico • Brazil: A New World Monarchy
Slave Societies in the Americas • Independence and Abolition • Abolition in Cuba and Brazil
Export-Led Growth and Social Unrest
Latin America Re-enters the World Economy • The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico • The Mexican Revolution
Immigration to Latin America • Immigration to the United States • Immigration to Canada • Settler Colonialism and its Impacts
A New American Empire
U.S. Intervention in Latin America • The Spanish-American War • The Panama Canal
Analyze Visual Evidence Slaves Sold South from Richmond, 1853
Compare Viewpoints Perspectives on the Mexican-American War
Individuals in Society Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator
World War and Revolution
The First World War, 1914–1918
Origins and Causes of the Great War • The Outbreak of War • Stalemate and Slaughter • The War Becomes Global
Mobilizing for Total War • The Social Impact of War • Growing Political Tensions
The Fall of Imperial Russia • The Provisional Government • Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Dictatorship and Civil War
The War's Consequences
The End of the War • The Paris Peace Treaties • American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty
The Search for Peace and Political Stability, 1919–1929
Germany and the Western Powers • Hope in Foreign Affairs • Hope in Democratic Government
Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion • The New Physics • Freudian Psychology • Twentieth-Century Literature • Modern Architecture, Art, and Music • Movies and Radio
Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of War
Compare Viewpoints British and Canadian Poetry of the Great War
Individuals in Society Vera Brittain, Author, Feminist, Pacifist
Nationalism in Asia
The First World War's Impact on Nationalist Trends
Asian Reaction to the War in Europe • The Mandates System • Nationalism's Appeal
Nationalist Movements in the Middle East
The Arab Revolt • The Turkish Revolution • Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan • Gradual Independence in the Arab States • Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine
Toward Self-Rule in India
British Promises and Repression • The Roots of Militant Nonviolence • Gandhi's Resistance Campaign in India
Nationalist Struggles in East and Southeast Asia
The Rise of Nationalist China • China's Intellectual Revolution • From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan • Japan Against China • Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia
Analyze Visual Evidence The Fate of a Chinese Patriot
Compare Viewpoints Gandhi and Mao on Revolutionary Means
Individuals in Society Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman
The Great Depression and World War II
The Great Depression, 1929–1939
The Economic Crisis • Mass Unemployment • The New Deal in the United States • The European Response to the Depression • Worldwide Effects
Authoritarian States
Conservative Authoritarianism • Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships
Stalin's Soviet Union
From Lenin to Stalin • The Five-Year Plans • Life and Culture in Soviet Society • Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
The Seizure of Power • The Regime in Action
Hitler and Nazism in Germany
The Roots of Nazism • Hitler's Road to Power • The Nazi State and Society • Hitler's Popularity • Aggression and Appeasement, 1933–1939
The Second World War, 1939–1945
Hitler's Empire in Europe, 1939–1942 • The Holocaust • Japan's Asian Empire • The Grand Alliance • The War in Europe, 1942–1945 • The War in the Pacific, 1942–1945
Analyze Written Evidence Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students
Compare Viewpoints Socialism and the Working Class
Individuals in Society Primo Levi, Writer and Holocaust Survivor
Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War
The World Remade
The Cold War • The United Nations • The Politics of Liberation • Dependency and Development Theories • Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience
Nation Building in South Asia and the Middle East
Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh • Arab Socialism in the Middle East • The Arab-Israeli Conflict
Revolution and Resurgence in East and Southeast Asia
The Communist Victory in China • Conflict in Korea • Japan's American Reconstruction • The Vietnam War
Decolonization in Africa
The Growth of African Nationalism • Ghana Shows the Way • Countries Emerging from French Rule
Populist and Revolutionary Pathways in Latin America
Economic Nationalism in Mexico • Populism in Argentina and Brazil • Communist Revolution in Cuba
The Limits of Postwar Prosperity
The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin • Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States • The World in 1968
Analyze Visual Evidence Poster Art in Communist China
Compare Viewpoints U.S. and Latin American Views on Development
Individuals in Society Nawal El Saadawi, Public Health Advocate in Egypt
Liberalization and Liberation
1968–2000s
Oil Shocks and Liberalization
The OPEC Oil Embargo • Mexico Under the PRI • Nigeria, Africa's Giant • The Camp David Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq
Latin America: Dictatorship, Debt, and Democratization
Civil Wars in Central America • Boom and Bust in Chile • The Dirty War in Argentina • Development and Dictatorship in Brazil
Gender, Race and Liberation
Gay Liberation • Second-Wave and Third World Feminism • Pan-Africanism, Black Power and the African Diaspora
Resistance to White Rule in Southern Africa
Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia • South Africa Under Apartheid • Political Change in Africa Since 1990
Growth and Development in Asia
Japan's Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the "Asian Tigers" • China's Economic Resurgence • Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan
The End of the Cold War
The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Recasting Russia Without Communism • Integration and Reform in Europe
Analyze Written Evidence A Member of China's Red Guards on Democratic Reform
Compare Viewpoints Women's Rights as Human Rights in Iran and the United States
Individuals in Society Anani Dzidzienvo, Scholar of the African Diaspora
The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective
The Neoliberal World and Its Limits
Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan • Conflict and Change in the Middle East • Right Wing Nationalism Re-emerges
Global Circulation and Exchange
Migration • Urbanization • Multinational Corporations
Children: The Right to Childhood • Women's Right to Equality • LGBTQ Challenges • Environmentalism
Causes of Global Warming and Responses to It • Historical Experiences with Climate and Environmental Change • Automobility • Global Energy Reliance • Intensified Agriculture and the Green Revolution • Impacts of Climate Change
Analyze Visual Evidence A Generational Movement on Climate
Compare Viewpoints Women Activists in Chiapas, Mexico
Individuals in Society Sieng, a Mnong Refugee in an American High School
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks(Ph.D., University of Wisconsin–Madison) is Distinguished Professor of History, emerita, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. She is the long-time Senior Editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than thirty books, including A Concise History of the World. From 2017 to 2019 she served as the president of the World History Association.
Patricia Buckley Ebrey
Patricia B. Ebrey (Ph.D., Columbia University) is professor of history at the University of Washington in Seattle. Editor of the Journal of Chinese History, she is the author or editor of some twenty books, including The Cambridge Illustrated History of China and Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, as well as more specialized books on Song dynasty China. In 2014 she was awarded the American Historical Association's Award for Scholarly Distinction and in 2020 the Association for Asian Studies Award for Outstanding Contributions to Asian Studies.
Roger B. Beck
Roger B. Beck (Ph.D., Indiana University) is Distinguished Professor of African and twentieth-century world history at Eastern Illinois University. His publications include The History of South Africa; a translation of P. J. van der Merwe's The Migrant Farmer in the History of the Cape Colony, 1657–1842; and more than a hundred articles, book chapters, and reviews. In 2018 he received the Pioneer in World History award from the World History Association, its highest honor.
Jerry Davila
Jerry Dávila (Ph.D., Brown University) is Jorge Paulo Lemann Chair of Brazilian History and directs the Global Institute at the University of Illinois. He is the author of Dictatorship in South America; Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the Challenge of African Decolonization, winner of the Latin Studies Association Brazil Section Book Prize; and Diploma of Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945. He has served as president of the Conference on Latin American History.
Clare Haru Crowston
Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) is Professor of history at the University of Illinois. She is the author of Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France and Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women's History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies.
John P. McKay
John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.
Guide to Changing Editions for Users of A History of World Societies, Concise Edition, 12e
Instructor's Resource Manual - Appendix I: A Survival Guide for First-Time Teaching Assistants
Instructor's Resource Manual - Appendix II: The New World Civilization Instructor: 30 Books to Get You Started
Instructor's Resource Manual - Appendix III: A World History Reference Library
Instructor's Resource Manual - Appendix IV: Useful Web Sites for the World History Instructor
Instructor's Resource Manual - Preface and Table of Contents
Instructor's Resource Manual for Chapter 1
Instructor's Resource Manual for Chapter 10
Maps and Images in Presentation Slides (Accessible)
Maps and Images in Presentation Slides for Chapter 1 (Accessible)
Maps and Images in Presentation Slides for Chapter 10 (Accessible)
The Bedford Lecture Kit Presentation Slides (Accessible)
The Bedford Lecture Kit Presentation Slides for Chapter 1 (Accessible)
The Bedford Lecture Kit Presentation Slides for Chapter 10 (Accessible)
iClicker/REEF Question Slides
iClicker/REEF Question Slides for Chapter 1
iClicker/REEF Question Slides for Chapter 10
Sources of World Societies, Volume 2
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay | Twelfth Edition | 2021 | ISBN:9781319303587
Achieve Read & Practice for A History of World Societies, Value Edition (1-Term Access)
Launchpad for A History of World Societies (1-Term Access)
A History of World Societies, Concise, Combined Volume
Jerry Davila on Renewed Focus on Environmental History & Climate in A History of World Societies
Author Talk
Macmillan History: We've Got You Covered!
Macmillan Learning's History 2021 list, complete with format options, shows our newest offerings and our commitment to the discipline of History! However you teach, we've got you covered.
Merry Wiesner-Hanks on what's new in this edition of A History of World Societies
Author, Merry Wiesner-Hanks, on what's new in this edition of A History of World Societies, including a new thematic emphasis on environmentalism and updated scholarship!
Tour LaunchPad for History
Chapter 16: The Acceleration of Global Contact 1450–1600


When I was very little, I remember spending a lot of time outside. For me, it didn't consist of trees, grass, birds, and insects; it consisted more of adults, children, cars, and concrete, but I was still outside. The only tree on our block was a honey locust as tall as the two story house my cousins and my family lived in. The tree was beautiful, but of course it rested on a rectangular patch of dirt framed by cement. The neighborhood children didn't know what front lawns were, but we didn't care. All we wanted to do was play cops and robbers, tag, kick the can, hide and go seek and many other games.
My parents then made a big decision. An apartment was not enough space to raise a family of seven, so we moved. My family was able to spread out to 2 spacious floors instead of a single cramped one. My older brother and I didn't have many new friends in this neighborhood so as a result we missed our old home very much. This new neighborhood was so different. It was definitely quieter, since there weren't as many kids here, but it was also greener! We finally had a front lawn and trees like in the movies. There was a pine tree in our back yard and 3 smaller trees in our front yard. My brothers and I each claimed a tree. I chose the one I thought was the most climbable. We didn't have enough tree for all of us kids so we planted a sugar maple out in the back for the most recent addition to the family.
I remember finding solace in the trees and in the birds. Luckily for me — since I was the only girl in the family (I have 5 brothers) — I got to have my own room. It was the smallest room in the house tucked away in the back with a nice view of the old pine in our yard. I remember waking up to the cooing of mourning doves during fresh spring mornings. The cooing had me fooled for so many years. I had always thought that it was an owl making that noise. When I discovered that it wasn't an owl, but a dove, my world seemed a little different. I started to open my eyes and ears to these birds and all birds in general. When I would see mourning doves, I always saw them in pairs. My parents called them love birds, and I called them that as well until I learned to properly identify them at the university.
Oregon is definitely much different than Illinois. There is no contest if you compare the nature from these states. I was in Chicago for a few days not too long ago, and I realized that my neighborhood was much greener than I gave it credit for. Sure, I wouldn't see more than 7 birds species where I grew up, but I realized that a patch of grass in your front lawn or green public parks makes a world of difference. It did for me.


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My Master's Degree is Useless?!?!


After Catherine placed the last ornament on the tree, she took a step back and admired her handiwork. "What do you think, babe?" She asked her husband Marty. "It looks great. Just like every year, Cat." He reminded her. "I didn't have a lot to work with this time since we're out here. But it was so nice of my sister to offer her cabin to us for the holidays." She glanced at the family photo on the fireplace and smiled. "We could've gone without the fruitcake she left behind for us though." Marty wrinkled his nose in disgust which caused Cat to burst out laughing.
"Baby, it's snowing!" He complained grumpily. "Besides, they'll just get knocked over again in a few minutes." She gave him sad puppy dog eyes. She loved this time of year and everything had to be completely perfect. "Ugh. Fine. I'm going." He groaned and got up. Cat squealed happily and kissed Marty on the cheek to thank him before he ducked outside into the cold.
Cat watched from the door with a satisfied grin as Marty put her things back in place. Then she saw it. There was something big in the backyard…hiding behind a tree. "Marty! There's something out there! I think it's a person! Go check! They're probably freezing!" She urged him.
Marty wiped his feet on the doormat when he came in then saw the fear on his wife's face. "What's wrong, Cat?" She flew into his arms. "Thank goodness you're okay!" She squeezed him tightly. "Why are you so upset?" He murmured in her ear. "Did you see it?" She gazed up at him. "See what?" Marty raised a brow in confusion. "That!" She screeched and pointed at the door. The thing had followed Marty back to the cabin. It stared at them intently before pushing it's hand against the glass. When it figured out it couldn't get inside that way, it wondered off.
"Don't go back out there! Please!" Cat begged Marty but it was too late. He'd already slipped outside. He got on his knees and crawled slowly to the creature then placed the plate he held at it's feet. While it was distracted by the offering, Marty made a run for the cabin. Once back inside, he and Cat observed the creature devour it's meal while it gave little grunts of enjoyment here and there.
Then to their utter relief, the creature shuffled back into the forest and was never to be seen again. Cat and Marty decided then and there that what they'd seen would be their little secret…because no one would ever believe the tale of how fruitcake saved Christmas.
Cute! I'd love to see the return of the yeti. At least someone enjoys fruitcake.


text:
Your Parenting Mojo - Respectful, research-based parenting ideas to help kids thrive
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161: New masculinites for older boys with Dr. Michael Kehler & Caroline Brunet
We've covered a number of episodes in the past that feed into this one, including Raising Emotionally Healthy Boys with Dr. Judy Chu (which focused on boys' understanding of masculinity in the preschool years), and Playing to Win with Dr. Hilary Levy Friedman (which looked at the lessons children learn from sports...which aren't really related to the sports themselves...). And of course there are the two episodes on patriarchy; the interview with Dr. Carol Gilligan, as well as my conversation with listener Brian Stout about what we learned during the interview. A few weeks ago listener Caroline and I interviewed Dr. Marnina Gonick on the topic of girls' relationships, which stemmed from the question 'why are middle/high school-aged girls so mean to each other?' but became much broader in scope as we looked at the cultural factors shaping girls' relationships. At the end of that conversation I asked Dr. Gonick if she knew anyone who was doing work similar to hers but looking at boys' relationships, and she did! In today's conversation Caroline returns to co-interview Dr. Michael Kehler, who is Research Professor in Masculinities Studies at the Weklund School of Education at the University of Calgary. We discuss how masculinity isn't something that boys are; it's something they do, how the traditional interpretation of masculinity hurts our boys and girls, and what parents can do to support boys in engaging in alternative masculinities that allow them to feel more whole as people. Dr. Michael Kehler's book
Boys' Bodies: Speaking the Unspoken - Affiliate link
Jump to highlights (03:31) What does it mean to be a boy (05:17) There is a type of masculinity that is perceived to be the most masculine (06:21) The problem with the phrase "Boys will be boys" (08:24) Understanding Masculine and Feminine binary (10:09) How much influence do gender stereotypes or gender norms around masculinity have on boys' relationships, particularly at school? (16:27) How mental and physical affection have shown up in boys' and men's relationships (21:37) Why do boys and men feel pressure to conform to traditional masculine norms? (23:38) Ways that girls regulated men's roles in society (27:49) How can gender diversity be supported (30:25) Boys seem to need action-based learning, rather than docile literacy-based tasks (33:54) The importance of disrupting thinking in supporting boys in their resistance to the norms of masculinity (40:07) Do boys desire close male-to-male friendships? (42:29) Power of discomfort as a learning opportunity References: Anderson, E., Adams, A., & Rivers, I. (2012). "I kiss them because I love them": The emergence of heterosexual men kissing in British institutes of education. Archives of Sexual Behavior 41(2), 421-430.
Anderson, E. (2008). "I used to think women were weak": Orthodox masculinity, gender segregation, and sport. Sociological Forum 23(2), 257-280.
Burns, J., & Kehler, M. (2014). Boys, bodies, and negotiated school spaces: When boys fail the litmus test. Culture, Society & Masculinities 6(1), 3-18.
Hayward, C., & Mac an Ghaill, M. (2013). Education and masculinities: Social, cultural, and global transformations. New York: Routledge.
Kehler, M. (2010). Boys, books and homophobia: Exploring the practices and policies of masculinities in school. McGill Journal of Education 45(3), 351-370.
Kehler, M.D. (2007). Hallway fears and high school friendships: the complications of young men (re)negotiating heterosexualized identities. Discourse: Studies in the cultural politics of education 28(2), 259-277.
Kehler, M.D. & Martino, W. (2007). Questioning masculinities: Interrogating boys' capacities for self-problematization in schools. Canadian Journal of Education 30(1), 90-112.
Kehler, M.D., Davison, K.G., & Frank, B. (2005). Contradictions and tensions in the practice of masculinites in school: interrogating embodiment and 'Good Buddy Talk.' Journal of Curriculum Theorizing 21(4), 59-72.
Kimmel, M. (2018). Masculinity and our common humanity: "Real" men versus "Good" men. In N. Way, A. Ali, C. Gilligan, & P. Noguera (Eds), The Crisis of Connection: Roots, Consequences, and Solutions (p.173-187). New York: New York University Press.
Kimmel, M. (2004). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In P.F. Murphy (Ed)., Feminism & Masculinities (p.182-199). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mac an Ghaill, M., & Hayward, C. (2011). Schooling, masculinity and class analysis: Towards an aesthetic of subjectivities. British Journal of Sociology of Education 32(5), 729-744.
Mac an Ghaill, M. (1994). The making of men: Masculinities, sexualities, and schooling. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Martino, W., & Kehler, M. (2006). Male teachers and the "Boy Problem" An issue of recuperative masculinity politics. McGill Journal of Education 41(2), 113-131.
McCann, P.D., Minichiello, V., & Plummer, D. (2009). Is homophobia inevitable? Evidence that explores the constructed nature of homophobia, and the techniques through which men unlearn it. Journal of Sociology 45(2), 201-220.
Messerschmidt, J.W. (2010). The struggle for recognition: Embodied masculinity and the victim-violence cycle of bullying in secondary schools. In M. Kehler & M. Atkinson (Eds), Boys' Bodies: Speaking the Unspoken (p.113-131). New York: Peter Lang.
Plummer, C. (1999). One of the boys: Masculinity, homophobia, and modern manhood. New York: Harrington Park Press.
Riechert, M.C., & Nelson, J.D. (2018). I want to learn from you: Relational strategies to engage boys in school. In N. Way, A. Ali, C. Gilligan, & P. Noguera (Eds), The Crisis of Connection: Roots, Consequences, and Solutions (p.344-360). New York: New York University Press.
Robinson, S., White, A., & Anderson, E. (2019). Privileging the bromance: A critical appraisal of romantic and bromantic relationships. Men and Masculinities 22(5), 850-871.
Rogers L.O. (2018). The "Black Box": Identity development and the crisis of connection among Black adolescent boys. In N. Way, A. Ali, C. Gilligan, & P. Noguera (Eds), The Crisis of Connection: Roots, Consequences, and Solutions (p.129-148). New York: New York University Press.
Rotondo, E.A. (1989). Romantic friendship: Male intimacy and middle class youth in the Northern United States, 1800-1900. Journal of Social History 23(1), 1-25.
Ryan, T.A., Morrison, T.G., & O Beaglaoich, C. (2010). Adolescent males' body image: An overview of research on the influence of mass media. In M. Kehler & M. Atkinson (Eds), Boys' Bodies: Speaking the Unspoken (p.21-50). New York: Peter Lang.
Scholes, L. (2018). Boys, masculinities and reading: Gender identity and literacy as social practice. New York: Routledge.
Watson, A., & Kehler, M. (2012). Beyond the "Boy Problem": Raising questions, growing concerns and literacy reconsidered. New England Reading Association Journal 48(1), 43-55.
Watson, A., Kehler, M., & Martino, W. (2010). The problem of boys' literacy underachievement: Raising some questions. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 53(5), 356-361.
Way, N., & Nelson, J.D. (2018). The Listening Project: Fostering curiosity and connection in middle schools. In N. Way, A. Ali, C. Gilligan, & P. Noguera (Eds), The Crisis of Connection: Roots, Consequences, and Solutions (p.274-298). New York: New York University Press.
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text:
An Abridgment of the Law of Nisi Prius, Volumen2
Por William Selwyn
or the lands, shall be situate, for or in respect of which such person shall have been appointed gamekeeper; and in case the appointment of any person as gamekeeper shall expire or be revoked, by dismissal or otherwise, all powers and authorities given to him by virtue of this act, shall immediately cease.
S. 17, authorizes persons who have obtained an annual game certificate, to sell
any person licensed to deal in game. Provided, that no game certificate on which a less duty than 31. 138. 6d. is chargeable under the acts relating to game certificates shall authorize any gamekeeper to sell any game, except on the account and with the written authority of the master, whose gamekeeper he is; but that any such gamekeeper selling any game not on the account and with the written authority of such master, may be proceeded against under this act, in the same manner as if he had no game certificate.
game to
III. Of the Destruction of the Game at improper Seasons of
the Year.
By stat. 1 & 2 W. 4. c. 32, s. 3, persons killing or taking any game, or using any dog, gun, net or other engine or instrument for the purpose of killing or taking any game, on a Sunday or Christmas day, on conviction before two J. P. shall forfeit a sum not exceeding £5, with costs; and persons killing or taking any partridge between the 1st. of Feb. and the 1st. of Sept., or any pheasant between the 1st. of Feb. and the 1st. of Oct., or any black game (except in the county of Somerset or Devon, or in the New Forest,) between the 10th of Dec. and the 20th of Aug. in the succeeding year, or in the county of Somerset or Devon, or in the New Forest, between the 10th of Dec. and and the 1st of Sept.; or any grouse, commonly called red game,
between the 10th of Dec. and the 12th of Aug.; or any bustard between the first of March and the first of Sept. shall, on conviction before two J. P. forfeit, for every head of game so killed or taken, a sum not exceeding £1 with costs; and persons, with intent to destroy or injure any game, putting poison or poisonous ingredients on the ground, whether opened or inclosed where game usually resort, or in any highway, shall, on conviction before two J. P., forfeit a sum not exceeding £10 with costs. By s. 4, the possession of birds of game is made illegal after ten days in licensed dealers, and forty days in other persons, from the expiration of the season limited by the foregoing section.
IV. Of the Duties made payable in respect of Game Certi
ficates.
By the Game Act, 1 & 2 W. 4. c. 32. s. 5, the existing laws respecting game certificates are to remain unaltered.
By stat. 48 G. 3. c. 55. entitled (inter alia) an act for repealing the duties on game certificates, and granting new duties to be placed under the management of the commissioners of taxes, "Every person using any dog, gun, net, or other engine, for the purpose of taking or killing game, or any woodcock, snipe, quail, or landrail, or any conies in G. B.; if such person be a servant to a person charged in respect of such servant by this act, and shall use any dog, &c. for any of the before-mentioned purposes, upon a manor, or royalty in England, Wales, or Berwick-on-Tweed, or Scotland, by virtue of a deputation or appointment duly registered or entered as gamekeeper, is charged with the annual sum of il. ls. (1) and if not a servant for whom the duties on servants shall be charged, the annual sum of 31. 38. (2): and every other person using any dog, &c. for any of the purposes before mentioned, is chargeable with the annual sum of 31. 38. with two exceptions only; 1. the taking woodcocks and snipes, with nets and springs; and 2. the taking or destroying conies in warrens, or in any enclosed ground, or by any person in land in his occupation, either by himself or by his direction." These duties are to be paid to the collector of assessed taxes for the place where party resides; and the collector is authorized to give a receipt, and to demand ls. of the party for the same, over and above the duty, as a compensation for his trouble. The receipt being delivered to the clerk of the commissioners of the district, he will exchange it for a certificate, gratis. Game
(1) Four shillings were added by stat. 52 G. 3. c. 93.
(2) Ten shillings and sixpence added to this and the following sum by stat. 52 Geo. 3. c. 93.
keepers, in whose behalf a receipt and certificate have been obtained by their masters, are not required to obtain a certificate for themselves; but it is provided that the certificate shall be void upon the revocation of the deputation, but the same may be renewed, for the remainder of the year, in behalf of the new gamekeeper. The same statute provides that unqualified persons shall not be protected by the certificate; and that the protection of gamekeepers' certificates shall not extend beyond the limits of the manor for which they are appointed. The following persons may demand the production of certificate, and permission to read or take a copy of it, viz. the assessor or collector of the parish where the party is using dog, &c.; commissioners of assessed taxes for the county, riding, division, or place; lord, lady, or gamekeeper of the manor; inspector of taxes for the district; any person duly assessed to these duties for killing game; and lastly, the owner, landlord, lessee, or occupier of the land. If certificate is not produced, then the party who has made the demand, may require the person using the dog, gun, &c. under a penalty of 201. to declare his christian and surname, and place of residence, and parish or place in which he has been assessed; lastly, persons who use dogs, guns, &c. without having obtained certificate, are to pay the duty of 31. 38. by way of surcharge, and a penalty of 201. It is not necessary, that the demand of the certificate should be made on the landi on which the party was sporting; but if not, the demand must be made immediately, and so as in some degree to form a part of the same transaction. Nor is it necessary, that the party making the demand should produce any certificate; and if the other party refuse to producek his certificate, he does so at the risk of whether the party demanding it is a gamekeeper, or other person having a right to demand it.
By stat. 52 G. 3. c. 93. Sched. (L.) XIII. the penalties are recoverable before any two or more commissioners for the affairs of taxes, who shall give judgment for the penalty; or for such part thereof as the commissioners shall think proper to mitigate, not being less than one moiety. By stat. 54 Geo. 3. c. 141. (27 July, 1814.) The duties and penalties contained in the schedule of the 52 Geo. 3. c. 93. relating to persons aiding or assisting or intending to aid or assist in the taking or killing of any game, or any woodcock, snipe, quail, landrail, or coney, shall, after the passing of this act, severally cease and determine; provided that the act of aiding and assisting as aforesaid, and in the said act mentioned, shall be done in the company or presence and for the use of another person who shall duly have obtained a certificate in his own right, according to the directions of the said act, and who therein shall, by virtue of such certificate, then and there use his own dog, gun, net, or other engine, for the taking or killing of such game, &c. and who shall not act therein by virtue of any deputation or appointment.
k S. C.
i Scarth v. Gardener, 5 C. & P. 40.
Tenterden, C. J.
CHAP. XXIV.
IMPRISONMENT.
I. Of the Nature of the Action for false Imprisonment,
and in what Cases it may be maintained. II. Statutes relating to the Action for false Imprisonment,
21 Jac. 1. c. 12.-24 G. 2. c. 44. III. Of the Pleadings.
L of the Nature of the Action for false Imprisonment, and
in what Cases it may be maintained.
FALSE imprisonment is a restraint on the liberty of the person without lawful cause; either by confinement in prison, stocks, house, &c., or even by forcibly detaining the party in the streets, against his willa. For this injury an action of trespass vi et armis lies, usually termed an action for false imprisonment. An unlawful detention is a new caption, and may be declared on as such.
An arrest on mesne process, which is not returned, is wrongfulc, and false imprisonment will lie against the sheriff d; so if an officer of an inferior court does not return the process directed to him, he is a trespasser ab initio, and false imprisonment lies against him; for he is as sheriff within the jurisdiction. The sheriff must, at his peril, execute the writ upon the person really named thereine; and if he mistakes the person, he is liable to an action for false imprisonment. A. B. brought false imprisonment against C. who justified that he had a warrant to arrest
a Per Thorpe, C. J. 22. Ass. fo. 104.
pl. 85. b Cro. Jac. 379. c 2 Rol. Ab. 563. pl. 9. d Id. pl. 18.
e Per Hankford, J. 11 H. 4. 91. a. See
also Thurbane and another, Hardr.
323. per Hale, C. B.
f Moor, 457. Hardr. 323. S. P.


Eurocamp have some hot deals this summer for Camping In France. There's a discount of up to 20% until early July and then 10% for the rest of July and during August. These discounts are being offered until February 29th.
All that's required to confirm your booking is a deposit of £99, but rather than just abandon you to look through the options, we'd much rather point you in the direction of one or two of the best deals at locations I've enjoyed visiting and returning to, myself.
I've focused on the price range between £900 and £1,000 for a week in August. There are plenty of others for you to check yourself in both lower and higher price categories.
Camping L'Atlantique at Beg-Mell on the coast of South Brittany is an ideal location if you are looking for a beachside location and don't want to travel too far south. There is a beach with rock pools adjacent to the site, while the campsite itself has 2 pool complexes that including an outdoor pool and water slides. There is a restaurant, bar and evening entertainment as well as other amenities such as cycle hire, tennis and table tennis.
Camping Les Grottes de Roffy is a few miles further away from the Dordogne than some of the busier campsites and lies north-east of Sarlat. However this is more than made up by the slightly more spacious layout of the camping park, the friendliness of the site owners and staff and the facilities onsite, especially the pool area and restaurant. The food I sampled there was certainly of a higher standard than is usual on a campsite and both the pool and restaurant area enjoy lovely views down a valley, as seen in the photo above. There is also a tennis court and table tennis courts and children's play areas.


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The Old Paths Baptist Church returned to Bloomington on June 3rd and 5th to spread an anti-homosexual message and call for repentance from it. They carried signs with statements like "God hates fags", "AIDS cures fags" and others. But while many people are angered, offended or put off by the protesters message or methods (or both) the reaction of Bloomington's extreme Left should frighten those who value freedom.
Shortly after OPBC members arrived, a counter-protest quickly organized, and People's Park became a hotbed of debate. Those who oppose OPBC's message have every right to counter-protest a demonstration that they feel is hateful or inappropriate. But some took their opposition way too far. One Leftist was arrested after repeatedly shoving an OPBC member, and another ripped a sign out of the hand of an OPBC member and ran away with it. No matter how offended someone is by a protest they disagree with, acts of physical violence are unacceptable and the community must show a zero-tolerance attitude toward it.
While the Herald-Times denounced the confrontational methods the OPBC employed, nary a word was written in Bloomington's main paper about acts of violence that were far worse than any words that OPBC protesters had written on their signs. Not condemning, much less mentioning, the violent acts of the extreme Left in the staff editorial sends a terrible message to the community as such acts are 180 degrees from the image of a "Safe and Civil City" that Bloomington wishes to project.
Even worse, anti-freedom forces are already beginning to call for censorship of protests like the one at People's Park. One letter to the editor in the June 8th Herald-Times called for protests like the one the OPBC participated in to be relegated to the County Courthouse. Given that holding a protest at the county courthouse requires a registration fee and a significant security deposit, financially strapped political groups may well have their free speech rights eliminated.
Another letter suggested that these types of protests be restricted to an area away from the city, like the old Furrow's parking lot. Were this to be done, the city might as well completely ban all forms of protest it doesn't like. All thinking citizens of Bloomington must immediately and soundly rebuke frightening totalitarian proposals like the above.
In addition, who gets to decide what protests are "disruptive", and who gets to decide what political or religious messages the people of Bloomington must be "protected" from? Will it be legislated? Will a city bureaucrat arbitrarily decide the type of messages censored?
Once one group or idea has been eliminated from the public arena, then a precedent has been set that other ideas can be quashed as well. Protecting the free speech of one group protects the free speech of all groups, which is why the American Civil Liberties Union has gone to court to protect the free speech rights of Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan.
Fortunately, hysterical proposals by H-T letter-writers are strictly prohibited from being implemented by the First Amendment's guarantee of protection for freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. Such regulations would also be in direct violation of the Indiana Constitution's order that "No law shall restrain any of the inhabitants of the State from assembling together in a peaceable manner, to consult for their common good." I don't see a hammer and sickle on the American flag, so I am confident that the Indiana and U.S. Constitutions have not yet been revoked.
The Founders understood the importance of freedom of speech and religion, which is why they protected both in the First Amendment. The writers of Indiana's Constitution understood that as well. In a free society, dialogue and debate on issues is healthy, even if those issues are emotionally charged and/or divisive. We should assume that the people are intelligent enough to sift though the various ideas and philosophies presented to them, and will pick those that they find to be best. Would-be censors assume the worst about people, that people are too stupid or immature to handle certain types of speech and must be "protected" from it. The arrogance of this position is far more offensive than any "hate speech".
If so-called "hate speech" is as bad as its detractors claim, let it be exposed for the fallacy it is in a free and open debate. Pushing "hate speech" underground only encourages those who speak it, that their message is true and their opponents want to silence the truth. Censorship also creates sympathy for those whose rights are violated.
The answer to speech you find offensive is not censorship. The answer is more speech. It may be a cliché, but it is true and it is the law of the land.


So its summer project time. A time when, dream projects become the buzz on campus. It's like the first rain after sweltering summer, the first sign of light after a night's darkness.
Summer Training is the first brush of an MBA with the corporate world. It is an integral component of MBA curriculum at all business schools which has been effectively grooming future managers.
The objective of summer training from academic learning point of view is to provide an interaction with real world and understand the problems, issues and challenges being faced by corporate world, and to give an opportunity to the student to apply the learning at campus. This is the time when we get an opportunity that tell us where do we stand when it comes to a fast moving corporate world.
During the summer project, the trainee is expected to work on live projects and work out a feasible solution for the same.
Summer projects in one way or the other helps you gain confidence and prepares you for corporate world that is eagerly waiting for smart and energetic intelligent professionals.


"There will be times when you walk into a room and no one there is quite like you. Maybe it will be your skin, your clothes, or the curl of your hair. There will be times when no one understands the way words curl from your mouth, the beautiful language of the country you left behind." The Day You Begin, by Jacqueline Woodson.


Now this tunic is so versatile it will go from the pool to the office!
Lightweight and free flowing, it is perfect as a throw on over your bathing suit after a day in the pool, yet the button front, and shirt dress style make it perfect for the office as well!
Add some accessories and pair it with some peep toe wedgies and you're good to go in to work, looking every inch the professional you are!


Contradict Movement stickers proclaim that Jesus is the way, the truth, and the life, the only way to the Father. These are exclusive claims. If Jesus' claims are not true, then Christianity would have be false, but If Jesus' claims are true, then all other religions would have to be false.