text:
COVID-19 Is, in the End, an Endothelial Disease
Peter Libby; Thomas Lüscher
Eur Heart J. 2020;41(32):3038-3044.
The Endothelium Participates Pivotally in Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis
The Endothelial Vasodilator/Vasoconstrictor Balance
The Endothelial Inflammatory Balance
Antioxidant/Pro-oxidant Balance in the Endothelium
Endothelial Barrier Function
Cytokine Storm: A Perfect Storm in COVID-19
Endothelial Functions as a Therapeutic Target
The vascular endothelium provides the crucial interface between the blood compartment and tissues, and displays a series of remarkable properties that normally maintain homeostasis. This tightly regulated palette of functions includes control of haemostasis, fibrinolysis, vasomotion, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular permeability, and structure. While these functions participate in the moment-to-moment regulation of the circulation and coordinate many host defence mechanisms, they can also contribute to disease when their usually homeostatic and defensive functions over-reach and turn against the host. SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19, causes the current pandemic. It produces protean manifestations ranging from head to toe, wreaking seemingly indiscriminate havoc on multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, brain, kidney, and vasculature. This essay explores the hypothesis that COVID-19, particularly in the later complicated stages, represents an endothelial disease. Cytokines, protein pro-inflammatory mediators, serve as key danger signals that shift endothelial functions from the homeostatic into the defensive mode. The endgame of COVID-19 usually involves a cytokine storm, a phlogistic phenomenon fed by well-understood positive feedback loops that govern cytokine production and overwhelm counter-regulatory mechanisms. The concept of COVID-19 as an endothelial disease provides a unifying pathophysiological picture of this raging infection, and also provides a framework for a rational treatment strategy at a time when we possess an indeed modest evidence base to guide our therapeutic attempts to confront this novel pandemic.
The vascular endothelium provides the crucial interface between the blood compartment and tissues. The endothelial monolayer that lines the intima of arteries, veins, and microvessels measures up to 7000 m2 in surface area.[1] The endothelium possesses a series of remarkable properties that contribute capitally to homeostasis (Figure 1, left). The endothelium furnishes one of the only surfaces, either natural or synthetic, that under physiological conditions maintains blood in a liquid state during prolonged contact. The endothelium displays a tightly regulated palette of functions that control vasomotion, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular permeability, and structure.[2] The endothelial cells also provide a crucial interface in host defences, forming the front line of encounter with bloodborne pathogens, thus sensing danger threatening the organism in a concerted fashion, sending early warning signals of infection, invasion, or injury.[3] While these functions participate in the moment-to-moment regulation of the circulation and coordinate many host defence mechanisms, they can also contribute to disease when their usually homeostatic and defensive functions over-reach and turn against the host (Figure 1, middle and right).[4,5]
(Enlarge Image)
The left side of the diagram depicts a resting endothelial monolayer with the endothelial cells of squamous morphology resting on an intact basement membrane. The homeostatic mechanisms displayed by the resting endothelium include the listed properties as detailed in the text. When the endothelial cells undergo the cytopathic effect of a viral infection such as SARS-CoV-2, or encounter pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from viruses or bacteria such as lipopolysaccharide, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 or TNF, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from dead or dying cells, the endothelial cells become activated. The endothelial cells display more columnar morphology. They can express adhesion molecules that attract leucocytes and chemokines that direct their migration into the subendothelial space. Sloughing of endothelial cells uncovers the thrombogenic basement membrane. Adherent neutrophils can undergo formation of neutrophil extracellular traps that provide an amplifier for endothelial damage mediated in part by IL-1α. Inflammatory activation of endothelial cells can disrupt VE-cadherin largely responsible for the integrity of the endothelial barrier function.62 Activated endothelial cells can also express matrix metalloproteinases that can degrade the basement membrane and further interrupt endothelial barrier function. In small vessels, such as those that embrace alveoli in the lung, this impaired barrier function can lead to capillary leak. These various disturbances in endothelial function, depicted in the middle part of the diagram, lead to end organ damage including adult respiratory distress syndrome and thrombosis in the lungs, predispose to plaque rupture and thrombosis in coronary arteries, and affect the microvasculature leading to myocardial ischaemia and damage. The thrombotic diathesis provoked by endothelial dysfunction can also predispose towards strokes. Microvascular as well macrovascular injury can potentiate acute renal failure. Hepatic dysfunction can also result from microvascular thrombosis among other mechanisms. Deep venous thrombosis can occur as endothelial disfunction represents an important part of Virchow's triad, and sets the stage for pulmonary embolism. Thus, loss of the endothelial protective and unleashing of the mechanisms depicted can lead to multiorgan system failure that characterizes the advanced stages of COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19, causes the current pandemic. It produces protean manifestations ranging from head to toe, wreaking seemingly indiscriminate havoc on multiple organ systems, in particular the lungs, heart, brain, kidney, and vasculature. This essay will explore the hypothesis that COVID-19, particularly in the later complicated stages, represents an endothelial disease. This concept not only provides a unifying pathophysiological picture of this raging infection but also furnishes a framework for a rational treatment strategy at a time when we possess an indeed modest evidence base to guide our therapeutic attempts to confront this novel pandemic.
Eur Heart J. 2020;41(32):3038-3044. © 2020 Oxford University Press
Copyright 2007 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Peter Libby1* and Thomas Lüscher2
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and 2Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: +1 617 525–4383, Fax: +1 617 525 4400, Email: plibby@bwh.harvard.edu
P.L. is an unpaid consultant to, or involved in clinical trials for, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Baim Institute, Beren Therapeutics, Esperion, Therapeutics, Genentech, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Medimmune, Merck, Norvo Nordisk, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Regeneron. He is a member of the scientific advisory board for Amgen, Corvidia Therapeutics, DalCor Pharmaceuticals, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Olatec Therapeutics, Medimmune, Novartis, and XBiotech, Inc. His laboratory has received research funding in the last 2 years from Novartis. He is on the Board of Directors of XBiotech, Inc. and has a financial interest in Xbiotech, a company developing therapeutic human antibodies. His interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women's Hospital and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. T.L. has no conflicts to declare.
Potential and Demonstrated Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexually Transmissible Infections
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis
Drugs Related to COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, inactivated
COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-Pfizer
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, subunit
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, viral vector
COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-Moderna
bamlanivimab
According to CARDIOLOGISTS
Chili Pepper Consumption Linked to Better Midlife Survival
Fish Oils and CV Prevention -- Now What?
SAMSON Pins Most Muscle Pain Experienced With Statins on the Nocebo Effect
Proinflammatory Dietary Pattern Linked to Higher CV Risk
A Pesco-Mediterranean Diet With Intermittent Fasting


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text:
What Happens When 'Generation Voice' Grows Up?
By Eric Turkington • 10/13/19 8:00am
An entire generation of kids are growing up in an age where conversational technology is the norm, and this will have major implications for the future. Stockvault/Jack Moreh
When my mother sees me using a smart speaker, even for mundane use cases like turning on the living room light, a flash of surprise comes across her face. She can't believe that conversational computing is a thing, despite the fact that I work in the field and many of her Boomer friends are avid voice users.
But when my two-year-old daughter sees me casually speak with inanimate objects—which appear to understand me, talk back and do my bidding—she's not impressed. It's perfectly normal to her, far more normal than seeing me use that strange rectangular contraption with dozens of buttons that controls what's on that big screen on the wall. Known broadly as "Generation Alpha," the digitally-native, tech-savvy cohort my daughter belongs to is also being termed in the conversational AI (artificial intelligence) community as "Generation Voice," which speaks directly to the significance of growing up in an age of conversational technology.
SEE ALSO: Nike's Futuristic New Sneakers Allow Siri to Control Your Shoe Laces
My daughter, like hundreds of millions of other children, is witnessing humans speaking to computers every day of her life. She'll soon join the ranks of millions of children who love to use voice assistants themselves—to learn, to play games and simply experiment with talking to something that's not quite human but speaks our language.
There's plenty of research and writing on how deeply kids embrace voice assistants, and the potential pros and cons of that relationship vis-à-vis child development. While representing a "healthier" alternative to screen-based media, voice also poses risks around how children conceptualize and value AI, learn manners and the degree to which "one answer" responses might dampen curiosity. These are hot topics today, but what happens when Generation Voice comes of age?
Here are the major implications for Big Tech, for brands and for Generation Voice over the next decade.
For Big Tech, Assistant Loyalty Starts With Kids
Voice assistants currently represent a missed opportunity for tech companies to create loyal, lifetime relationships with consumers. There's a general lack of personalization present in major voice assistants today. My assistants don't really know me, and if they do, they aren't letting on about it. Synthesized voices and basic settings may change across users, but Alexa is Alexa and Google Assistant is Google Assistant. Certainly, consistency of experience is important for any tech company, and gathering more data from users to deliver personalized assistant experiences opens the tricky privacy conversation. But to win loyalty for voice assistants, Big Tech simply must take the risks and personalize the voice experience.
Much like human assistants, the better smart assistants know us, the more they can do for us. Tech companies that recognize this will be the ones whose assistants outperform our expectations and win loyalty. Today, I want MyAlexa, MyAssistant, MySiri—assistants whose intelligence not only lives in the cloud and benefits from all user interactions, but whose services are rooted in knowledge of me as an individual. Growing up in a world of "recommended for you," the next generation will demand that level of personalization from their assistants and, in turn, will have a hard time leaving an assistant after having spent years training it. Personalization-driven switching costs between voice services will be key for tech companies' long-term user retention.
For Brands, Skepticism About Voice Today Could Be Lethal Tomorrow
Because voice is such a new behavior, and such a complex field of computing, many brands are taking a wait-and-see approach to investing in the space. A clear exception to this is kid-focused brands and media properties, which have been generously investing in kids' experiences today. But there's more to children adopting voice tech than their age; a child's general openness to this new type of experience is something they'll carry with them through their teens and into adulthood.
As today's children become tomorrow's consumers, voice will no longer be a "fringe" behavior, it will be a primary way of interacting with the world. Voice will be an expected dimension of any brand's universe of products and services, and one that must be thoughtfully presented from a branding and experience design perspective. This means that sonic identity and audio brand elements will be arguably as important as visual branding, especially as brand associations are indelibly formed at early ages. It also means that voice native users will have low to zero tolerance for poorly executed experiences employing sub-par or outmoded principles of interaction design. Generation Voice will know what good sounds like, and brands whose sonic identities and voice experiences have been well-crafted and repeatedly iterated will be leaps ahead.
For brands that are holding out for a clear tipping point that triggers spend in voice, here's a hard truth: some inflection points are only visible in hindsight, at which point it will be too late to catch up.
For Generation Voice (and Their Parents), Voice Assistance Requires Conscious (and Cautious) Adoption
As the automation of daily tasks becomes a standardized feature of smart assistants, users will encounter a conundrum around just how much of their lives should be put on autopilot. Kids who grow up accustomed to the convenience of voice commands may find themselves having their own troubles "unplugging" (er, going mute?) when that other voice—the one in their head—tells them they need a moment without technology. The generation that grew up with "Make Google Do It" will need the discipline to determine how to categorize their daily tasks on the spectrum from fully-manual to fully-automated, along with the wisdom to step back and reevaluate these "settings" regularly.
Most important is the burden that falls on Generation Voice around data. Opting in to share our data with our assistants in large volumes, on an ongoing basis, will likely be the default, socially acceptable behavior that makes opting out a big obstacle to being a part of modern society. People of all ages must enter these bargains knowingly, with an awareness of the cost-benefit equation, and the risks that they cannot fully control or anticipate around the potential use and misuse of data. Consumers can then have an informed decision-making power that will compel tech company transparency and support a system that works for consumers, for brands and for assistant providers alike.
Eric Turkington is currently VP of strategic partnerships at RAIN, a firm specializing in voice strategy, design and development—read his full bio here.
Filed Under: Innovation, Technology, artificial intelligence, ai, children, Big Tech, Data Privacy, Siri, automation
SEE ALSO: This Is How Much Impossible Foods Spent on Lobbying to Get Its Fake Meat Into Stores

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text:
Q: Ideal of functions vanishing on a plane algebraic curve Note: The specific question I am asking in this post is marked $(*)$ below.

Let $k$ be a field and let $P\in k[X,Y]$ be an irreducible polynomial. Denote by $$\mathcal{V}(P) = \big\{(x,y)\in k^2\ |\ P(x,y)=0\big\}$$ the vanishing locus of $P$. When $k$ is algebraically closed, Hilbert's Nullstellensatz implies that the ideal of polynomials vanishing on the zero locus of $P$ is the ideal generated by $P$: $$\mathcal{I}\big(\mathcal{V}(P)\big) = \sqrt{(P)} = (P).$$ As $P$ is irreducible, it generates a prime ideal in $k[X,Y]$, so $\mathcal{V}(P)$ is irreducible when $k$ is algebraically closed.
When $k$ is not algebraically closed, the latter statement is no longer necessarily true:

*

*An irreducible polynomial $P\in k[X,Y]$ whose zero set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is not irreducible.

But in that example, $\mathcal{V}(P)$ is finite. And in Exercise 3 on page 24 of Perrin's textbook Algebraic Geometry: an introduction, the author says that, if one assumes additionally that $\mathcal{V}(P)$ is infinite, then the ideal of polynomials vanishing on the zero locus of $P$ coincides with the ideal generated by $P$: $$\mathcal{I}\big(\mathcal{V}(P)\big) = (P).$$
Here is how Perrin phrases it:
Link to the image.
Since the ideal generated by $P$ is still prime in $k[X,Y]$, this proves that $\mathcal{V}(P)$ is irreducible when $P\in k[X,Y]$ and $\mathcal{V}(P)$ is infinite.
However, I am not sure how to prove that \begin{equation}(*)\quad \big(P\ \mathrm{irreducible\ in}\ k[X,Y]\ \mathrm{and}\ \mathcal{V}(P)\ \mathrm{infinite\ in}\ k^2\big) \  \Rightarrow \  \mathcal{I}(\mathcal{V}(P)) = (P).\end{equation} It has to be specific to two variables, because there are counter-examples in higher dimension:

*

*Zero set of homogeneous polynomials over the reals.

Would anyone have some pointers? I am interested in the statement for $k$ an abstract (infinite) field, but if there is a specific argument over $\mathbb{R}$, it would also be interesting.

A: You can find a proof of this result in the book Algebraic Curves by Fulton. The approach taken there consists of two steps:

*

*Show that if two polynomials $P,Q \in k[X,Y]$ are coprime, then $\mathcal{V}(P,Q)$ is a finite set of points.

*Deduce $(*)$ as a corollary.

To prove the first statement, we observe that $P$ and $Q$ are still coprime in $k(X)[Y]$ by Gauss's lemma, so there exist polynomials $R,S \in k(X)[Y]$ such that $RP+SQ = 1$. Clearing denominators, we find that $AP+BQ = D$ is a polynomial in $k[X]$ for some $A,B \in k[X,Y]$. Now, if $(a,b) \in \mathcal{V}(P,Q)$, then $a$ is a root of $D$, so there are only finitely many possibilities for $a$. Repeating the same argument with $X$ and $Y$ interchanged, we find that there are only finitely many possibilities for $b$ as well.
To deduce $(*)$, we only need to prove that $\mathcal{I}(\mathcal{V}(P)) \subseteq (P)$, since the other inclusion always holds. If $Q \in \mathcal{I}(\mathcal{V}(P))$, then $\mathcal{V}(P,Q) = \mathcal{V}(P)$ is infinite, so by 1. we must conclude that $P$ and $Q$ have a factor in common. But $P$ is irreducible, so this factor must be $P$ itself, i.e. $Q \in (P)$.

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text:
Q: Insert popify for radiobuttons options I did a popify for my radiobutton. However I would like to separate the popify in my radiobuttom options. For example, for "filter1", I would like to insert a popify for the "All properties" and other popify for "exclude properties" options. Is this possible ?? The executable code is below.
library(shinyBS)
library(shiny)

ui <- fluidPage(

  titlePanel("Old Faithful Geyser Data"),

  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(

      popify(
        radioButtons("filter1", h3("Select properties"),
                     choices = list("All properties" = 1,
                                    "Exclude properties" = 2),
                     selected = 1),
        title= "Select Proprierties",
        content = paste0("Filter 1 refers to.....")),

        radioButtons("filter2", h3("Select farms"),
                     choices = list("All farms" = 1,
                                    "Exclude farms" = 2),
                     selected = 1),
       sliderInput("bins",
                    "Number of bins:",
                    min = 1,
                    max = 20,
                    value = 30)
           ),

    mainPanel(
      plotOutput("distPlot")
    )
  )
)

server <- function(input, output) {

  output$distPlot <- renderPlot({
    # generate bins based on input$bins from ui.R
    x    <- faithful[, 2]
    bins <- seq(min(x), max(x), length.out = input$bins + 1)

    # draw the histogram with the specified number of bins
    hist(x, breaks = bins, col = 'darkgray', border = 'white')
  })
}

# Run the application
shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)

Thank you very much!

A: Looking at popify we see that it works only on full shiny elements,  but you want to add it not to the whole element but a child HTML element of it.
addPopover seems thus to be the better option. However, we see that the function adds the popover on an HTML element given by an id. Problem is that the row where you want to have the popover does not have an id and the addPopover function does not allow for specifying the element by other means than the id.
Thus, we have to work around:

*

*Use JS to add an id to the radio button rows (I use shinyjs for that).

*Use this created id in addPopover
Note. In order to make addPopover  run you need to include at least one shinyBS component. From the help file:

There must be at least one 'shinyBS' component in the UI of your
       app in order for the necessary dependencies to be loaded. Because
       of this, 'addTooltip' and 'addPopover' will not work if they are
       the only shinyBS components in your app.

library(shinyBS)
library(shiny)
library(shinyjs) ## needed to tamper with the HTML

ui <- fluidPage(
   useShinyjs(),

   titlePanel("Old Faithful Geyser Data"),

   sidebarLayout(
      sidebarPanel(
         radioButtons("filter1", h3("Select properties"),
                      choices = list("All properties" = 1,
                                     "Exclude properties" = 2),
                      selected = 1),
         title= "Select Proprierties",
         radioButtons("filter2", h3("Select farms"),
                      choices = list("All farms" = 1,
                                     "Exclude farms" = 2),
                      selected = 1),
         sliderInput("bins",
                     "Number of bins:",
                     min = 1,
                     max = 20,
                     value = 30),
         ## need to include at least one bs element, adapt
         bsTooltip("bins", "The wait times will be broken into this many equally spaced bins",
                   "right", options = list(container = "body"))

      ),

      mainPanel(
         plotOutput("distPlot")
      )
   )
)

## use JS to add an id attribute to the elements where you want to add the popover
add_id_js <- paste0(
   "$('#filter1').find('.radio > label').attr('id', function(i) {",
   "return 'filter1_row_' + i})")

server <- function(input, output, session) {
  ## once the UI is loaded, call JS function and attach popover to it
   session$onFlushed(function() {
      runjs(add_id_js)
      addPopover(session, "filter1_row_0", "My Popover", "Content")

   })

   output$distPlot <- renderPlot({
      # generate bins based on input$bins from ui.R
      x    <- faithful[, 2]
      bins <- seq(min(x), max(x), length.out = input$bins + 1)

      # draw the histogram with the specified number of bins
      hist(x, breaks = bins, col = 'darkgray', border = 'white')
   })
}

# Run the application
shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)


text:
Derek Fisher To Be Waived By Mavericks
This entry was posted on December 22, 2012 by Justin Godsey, in Basketball and tagged Derek Fisher, Derek Fisher Released By Mavericks, Mavericks Sign Derek Fisher. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment
According to ESPN's Marc Stein the Dallas Mavericks is expected to waive Derek Fisher.
The waive is coming at request from Derek Fisher who has been battling a knee injury this season. Derek Fisher spoke to the press on Saturday and announced that he has sustained a patellar tendon and that he could be back to full strength in about 2 weeks.
With Fisher being waived this opens the door up for former Indiana Pacer and off season acquirement Darren Collison to come in a have the everyday point guard duties for the rest of the basketball season.
Fisher who came to the Dallas Mavericks 9 games ago displayed great offense. Fisher averaged 8.6 points per game and averaged 3.6 assists. It could seem likely that this could be Fisher's last team in the National Basketball Association.
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text:
Q: Having trouble figuring out this segmentation fault I'm sure the mistake is obvious, but I sure am having trouble finding it.
Basically I am trying to make a chessboard via 2D array. I am testing its functionality via 8 queens test... it is not functional.
Somehow one of my integer values is getting out of whack, as gdb shows:
....
(gdb) cont
Continuing.

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x080487f8 in diagnols (PARAMETER_ONE=0, PARAMETER_TWO=0) at eq1.c:77
77            if (key->board[abc][bcd] == 1) {
(gdb) print abc
4424  // "SHOULD BE" ONE
(gdb) print bcd
4424  // "SHOULD BE" ONE
(gdb) backtrace
#0  0x080487f8 in diagnols (PARAMETER_ONE=0, PARAMETER_TWO=0) at eq1.c:77
#1  0x08048873 in check (param1=0, param2=0) at eq1.c:91
#2  0x08048510 in recur (DEPTH=0, WIDTH=0) at eq1.c:99
#3  0x08048919 in main () at eq1.c:152
(gdb)

Then here is diagnols(...), which is in:
int recur(struct chessboard* key, int DEPTH, int WIDTH) {
    /* other functions above diagnols(...) */

diagnols(...):
int diagnols(int PARAMETER_ONE, int PARAMETER_TWO) { // returns 0 if good

    int abc = 0;
    int bcd = 0;
    int counter = 0; // keeps track of conflicting piece occurrences

    // OTHER CHECKS FIRST... DELETED TO SAVE ROOM

    // checkign diagnol down and to the left
    abc = PARAMETER_ONE+1;
    bcd = PARAMETER_TWO-1;
    while (  (abc>=0)&&(bcd>=0)  ) {
      if (key->board[abc][bcd] == 1) {
        counter++;
      } abc++;
      bcd--;
    }

    // ERROR IN THIS PART
    // checking diagnol down and to the right
    abc = PARAMETER_ONE+1;
    bcd = PARAMETER_TWO+1;
    while (  (abc>=0)&&(bcd>=0)  ) {
      if (key->board[abc][bcd] == 1) { // ERROR
        counter++;
      } abc++;
      bcd++;
    }

    return counter;
  }

And diagnols(...) is invoked in recur(...) in the below function:
  int check(int param1, int param2) { // if okay returns 2
    // other functions
    d = diagnols(param1, param2);
    int total = 0;
    total = (h + v + d); // if okay, equals 2
    return total;
  }

For good measure here is my struct:
struct chessboard {
  int board[7][7];
};

And main:
int main() {
  struct chessboard* master = malloc(sizeof(struct chessboard));
  /* i set the board to zero here. used calloc() before */
  recur(master, 0, 0);
  // stuff
}

And yes, I realize diagnol isn't spelled diagonal ;)

A: while (  (abc>=0)&&(bcd>=0)  ) {
      if (key->board[abc][bcd] == 1) { // ERROR
        counter++;
      } abc++;
      bcd++;
    }

It seems that the condition is going to always be true since you are increasing both indexes.
Did you mean < some limit instead?


text:
Friday Ratings: NBC's Dominant Winter Olympics Winds Down
FRIDAY FAST AFFILIATE RATINGS
by Marc Berman February 24, 2018, 11:22 am 1 Comment
Follow @marcberman Follow @SonOfTheBronx
FOX drama "9-1-1: Lone Star" — Grade the series premiere episode
Tuesday Ratings: 3-Way Tie for Adults 18-49 Lead at 8 O'Clock with 'Ellen's Game of Games', 'NCIS' and 'The Conners'
Is 2020 an Advantageous Time to Enter the Forex Market?
Will Star Trek: Picard Actually Be Any Good?
NBC Renews 'American Ninja Warrior' for Season Nine
Live+7 Weekly Ratings: 'Chicago PD' Leads in Overall Raw Gains
What follows are the fast affiliate results for Friday, February 23 broken out by network and by each half-hour. Keep in mind that results for any live event are always approximate.
Fast Affiliate metrics are NOT REFLECTIVE of Olympic viewership as they do not include viewers in Mountain and Pacific Time zones watching NBC's coverage, which will be "live across" the country.
– Total Viewers (in millions):
NBC: 12.05 million, CBS: 4.49, ABC: 2.43, Fox: 2.08, CW: 723,000
– Adults 18-49 (rating / share):
NBC: 2.7 rating/12 share, CBS: 0.9/ 4, ABC: 0.6/ 2, Fox: 0.5/ 2, CW: 0.1/ 1
NBC: 1.7 rating/10 share, CBS: 0.6/ 4, ABC and Fox: 0.3/ 2 each, CW: 0.1/ 1
ABC – Movie: Wreck-It-Ralph (RS)
Viewers: 2.33 million (#3), Adults 18-49: 0.5/3 (#3). Adults 18-34: 0.3/2 (#3)
CBS – Celebrity Big Brother
Viewers: 5.02 million (#2), Adults 18-49: 1.2/6 (#2), Adults 18-34: 0.8/5 (#2)
NBC – XXIII Winter Olympics: PyeongChang 2018 (S)
Viewers: 11.70 million (#1), Adults 18-49: 2.3/11 (#1), Adults 18-34: 1.5/10 (#1)
Fox – Showtime at The Apollo (RS)
CW – Howie Mandel Stand-Up Gala (RS)
CW – Whose Line Is It Anyway? (RS)
ABC – 20/20
CBS – Blue Bloods (RS)
Viewers: 9.36 million (#1), Adults 18-49: 2.3/10 (#1), Adults 18-34: 1.5/9 (#1)
Source: Nielsen Media Research
Tagged with: 20/20, 2018 Pyeongchang Olympics, 2018 Winter Olympics, Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, Blue Bloods, Celebrity Big Brother, Howie Mandel, Showtime at the Apollo, Whose Line Is It Anyway?, Winter Olympics, Wreck-It Ralph
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Friday Final Ratings: PyeongChang Olympics on NBC, NBCSN and Streaming Off 6 Percent from Comparable Night of Sochi Games
by Douglas Pucci February 26, 2018 4 Comments
Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' on ABC Still Potent Opposite Olympics Telecasts
by Douglas Pucci February 22, 2018 1 Comment
Marc Berman says:
FROM NBC
"BEST FEB EVER" – NBCUNIVERSAL'S MOMENTOUS COVERAGE OF WINTER OLYMPICS & SUPER BOWL LEADS TO MONTH OF DOMINANCE & MILESTONES
Two Biggest Events on American TV on Networks of NBCUniversal – All in Unprecedented Three-Week Stretch
A New Standard of Dominance – Every Day, Every Hour NBC Olympics Primetime Coverage Dominated Broadcast Competition
Most-Watched Winter Olympics Late Night Show in a Generation
NBCSN Posts Best Month Ever & On Pace to Rank as #1 Sports Network in Total Day
STAMFORD, Conn. – February 24, 2018 – With NBC's broadcast of the Closing Ceremony for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games tomorrow at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT, NBCUniversal will wrap up the Best Feb Ever – an unprecedented convergence of the two most anticipated and dominant events in American television that resulted in massive multiplatform consumption.
"While these Olympic Games will once again be profitable for NBC Sports Group, they also created major benefits for the rest of our portfolio, including NBC News, NBC Entertainment, Universal theme parks, our many cable networks, and our owned television stations and affiliate partners," said Mark Lazarus, Chairman of NBC Broadcasting and Sports.
In this new age of media consumption, the Super Bowl and Winter Olympics propelled NBCUniversal to a new standard of dominance. NBCU's average primetime television viewership for Super Bowl Sunday and Winter Games coverage (26.9 million viewers, through Thurs., Feb. 22) nearly tripled the combined total of the other broadcast networks (9.4 million for ABC, CBS and FOX).
On February 4, NBC televised the Philadelphia Eagles' thrilling victory over the defending champion New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII in Minneapolis. Just four days later, America's sporting focus shifted more than 6,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean to the PyeongChang Olympics. Never before had one network televised both mega-events within days of each other.
Since Super Bowl Sunday, more than 229 million Americans tuned into the networks of NBCUniversal – far surpassing all other media companies. Millions more streamed the action live on NBCSports.com, NBCOlympics.com, and the NBC Sports app, while even more experienced the events on a multitude of social media platforms.
Best Feb Ever – February Firsts…
First Time a Network Televised Super Bowl and Winter Olympics Four Days Apart
Super Bowl Produced by Crew of NBC Sunday Night Football – Pacing to Be First Show in U.S. TV History to Rank #1 in Primetime For Seven Consecutive Years
First Time NBCUniversal Broadcast Winter Games "Live Across" All Time Zones
First Time NBCSN Televised Live Primetime Winter Olympics Coverage
First Time NBC Sports Digital Live Streamed Primetime Winter Olympics Coverage
First Time NBCUniversal Live Streamed an Olympics Opening Ceremony
First Live NBC Olympics Stream on a non NBCU-owned Platform with Snapchat "Live"
First Time NBCUniversal Presented More than 2,000 Hours of Live Winter Olympics Coverage – with 2,400+ hours, comparable to the coverage of the prior two Winter Games combined (Sochi; 1,600+) and Vancouver (835)
Best Feb Ever – Viewership Highlights…
More than 229 million viewers have watched the networks of NBCUniversal since Super Bowl Sunday.
NBC's Super Bowl LII posted a Total Audience Delivery (TAD) of 118.2 million viewers – which will easily rank as year's most-watched & most-dominant Program, more than doubling the #2 show.
NBC's post-Super Bowl telecast of This is Us scored as the network's most-watched scripted show in more than 13 years, and most-watched drama on any network in 10 years.
PyeongChang Olympic viewership on NBC/NBCSN peaked at 29.7 million on the opening Sunday (Feb. 11) from 9:45-10 p.m. ET for the women's free skate in the team event and women's slopestyle snowboarding.
The PyeongChang Olympics has delivered a Total Audience Delivery average of 20.6 million primetime viewers – a figure unmatched by any TV show (minimum three episodes) from Jan. 1 through the May end of the TV season in four years.
NBCSN posts most-watched month ever – With a Total Day viewership average of 743,000 viewers through Feb. 22, NBCSN is on pace to deliver its most-watched month ever and ranks as the most-watched sports cable network in that span.
NBC Olympics' "Prime Plus" late night show is averaging a Total Audience Delivery of 8.4 million viewers – marking the most-watched Winter Olympics late night show in 30 years (1988 Calgary Olympics).
NBC Sports Digital has delivered its second-best month ever for live streaming with 2.2 billion minutes, ranking behind only the Rio Olympics, which had three times more events (306 for Rio compared to 102 in PyeongChang).
The U.S.-Canada women's gold medal hockey game averaged a Total Audience Delivery of 3.7 million viewers, which included a live NBC simulcast of overtime and the shootout, as well as live streaming by NBC Sports Digital. The NBCSN-only telecast delivered 2.9 million viewers, which is the largest audience ever for the network in the 11 p.m.-2:15 a.m. ET late-night window
More than 525,000 uniques watched the live stream of the U.S.-Canada women's gold medal game to rank as NBC Sports Digital's fifth-largest hockey audience ever, beating all NHL, IIHF, and college hockey games, and trailing only four high-profile games from the Sochi Olympics in more favorable time periods.
Best Feb Ever – Day-by-Day…
Sunday, Feb. 4 – Thrilling Super Bowl LII featured 74 points and the most yards in any game in NFL history (1,151). NBC Sports Digital's live stream of Super Bowl LII ranks as the most live-streamed Super Bowl ever, delivering an Average Minute Audience (AMA) of 2.02 million viewers, with a peak of 3.1 million concurrent streams. The game is also NBC Sports Digital's most-streamed single game ever.
Thursday, Feb. 8 – Debut of Mike Tirico as NBC's primetime Olympics host on network's first-ever live across all time zones Winter Games coverage, in addition to side-by-side presentation on NBCSN, and live streaming by NBC Sports Digital. NBC Olympics averaged Total Audience Delivery of 17.2 million viewers – most-watched Thursday night on any network in five months.
Friday, Feb. 9 – First-ever live stream of an Olympics Opening Ceremony by NBC Sports Digital. Hosted on NBC by Tirico and Katie Couric, Opening Ceremony averaged 28.3 million viewers – the most-watched Friday night show on any network in four years (and up 6% from Rio Opening Ceremony).
Saturday, Feb. 10 – NBCSN delivered its best-ever afternoon viewership in 2-5 p.m. ET window with average of 4.5 million viewers. NBC Sports Digital set a single-day Winter Games record with 176.3 million live stream minutes and 2.5 million uniques.
Sunday, Feb. 11 – The opening Sunday of the PyeongChang Olympics delivered the most dominant Winter Games Sunday night ever for NBC.
Monday, Feb. 12 – NBC delivered the most-dominant Monday night in the Sept.-May TV season by any broadcast network since the 1998 Academy Awards. Only five days into the PyeongChang Olympics, NBC Sports Digital established a Winter Games record with 445 million live streaming minutes.
Tuesday, Feb. 13 – NBC registered the most dominant Winter Games Tuesday night ever. NBC Sports Digital delivered its largest primetime PyeongChang viewership for a competition night, with an average minute audience of 321,000.
Wednesday, Feb. 14 – NBC posted the most dominant Winter Games Wednesday night in 24 years, since the 1994 Lillehammer Olympics where Nancy Kerrigan and Tonya Harding competed against each other.
Thursday, Feb. 15 – NBC Olympics' Total Audience Delivery average of 19.3 million viewers exceeded the prior Thursday in PyeongChang to rank as the most-watched Thursday night on any network in five months. NBCSN delivered its best primetime night of the Winter Games (2.75 million viewers). NBC Sports Digital eclipses 1 billion streaming minutes.
Friday, Feb. 16 – NBCSN completed the most-watched, seven-day primetime stretch in the network's history with an average of 2.4 million viewers. NBCSN also ranked as the most-watched cable network in primetime over that span.
Saturday, Feb. 17 – Nearly 800,000 viewers tuned in to CNBC's coverage of U.S-Canada women's curling – ranking as the network's best non-primetime delivery (5-8 p.m. ET) of the Winter Games.
Sunday, Feb. 18 – With 1.31 billion live streaming minutes via NBCOlympics.com and the NBC Sports app, NBC Sports Digital more than tripled the total live minutes during Sochi.
Monday, Feb. 19 – The U.S. men's hockey team's 5-1 victory over Slovakia on NBCSN averaged 1.62 million viewers, to rank as NBCSN's most-watched late-night (10 p.m. ET or later) hockey game in four years, and the second-most watched hockey game in the late time slot in NBCSN history.
Tuesday, Feb. 20 – Lindsey Vonn's bronze medal performance propelled NBC Olympics' primetime coverage to a Total Audience Delivery average of 20.5 million viewers – an increase of 8% over the second Tuesday of the 2014 Sochi Olympics. The NBC broadcast delivered the most dominant second Tuesday of Winter Games coverage ever (people meter history, since 1987).
Wednesday, Feb. 21 – NBC's primetime PyeongChang Olympic telecast was by far the most-watched show of the night – marking the 70th consecutive night that an NBC Olympics presentation has topped primetime. Team USA's thrilling shootout victory over Canada in the women's hockey gold medal game on Wednesday ranks as the most watched late-night program in NBCSN history. In addition, the overtime and shootout were simulcast on NBC.
Thursday, Feb. 22 — NBC's primetime telecast marked the 32nd consecutive night that an NBC Olympics presentation has outperformed the combined primetime performance of the other broadcast networks. NBC Sports Digital has streamed 1.69 billion live minutes of the PyeongChang Olympics – quadrupling the full 2014 Sochi Games (420 million) with three days remaining.
Friday, Feb. 23 – Through the Friday primetime telecast, NBC has won 429 consecutive half hours of primetime on Olympic nights. The historic U.S. men's curling gold medal game, which started at 1:30 a.m. ET, delivered NBCSN's second-best overnight rating ever for a late night program.
ABOUT NBC OLYMPICS
A division of NBC Sports Group, NBC Olympics is responsible for producing, programming and promoting NBCUniversal's Olympic Games coverage. It is renowned for its unsurpassed Olympic heritage, award-winning production, and ability to aggregate the largest audiences in U.S. television history. NBCUniversal owns the U.S. media rights on all platforms to all Olympic Games through 2032.
— PYEONGCHANG 2018 —
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Jeffrey Lynn Green (born September 6, 1962) is an American retired professional stock car racing driver and crew chief. He most recently worked for RSS Racing as the crew chief for their No. 28 car in the ARCA Menards Series, driven by Kyle Sieg, and also competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series as a start and park driver for the team.

Green's 1990 Nashville Speedway USA championship led to his first foray in NASCAR. For several years, he raced part time in the Busch Series before thriving as a full-time driver in 1995 and 1996. He then went through a two-year Cup stint with Diamond Ridge Motorsports and Felix Sabates.

Green returned to the Busch Series in 1999 for three seasons. He won the 2000 championship by 616 points, a series record which stood until 2006, and finished second in points twice. Green participated in IROC's 25th season in 2001 and has raced full time with four different Sprint Cup teams since 2002.

Personal and early life
Green was born in Owensboro, Kentucky on September 6, 1962, as the youngest of three brothers; Mark and David Green would also become NASCAR drivers. He currently resides in Davidson, North Carolina with his wife Michelle. In 2002, he and Mark founded The Green Foundation, a nonprofit charity assisting people with severe injuries and life-threatening illnesses.

Racing career

Early years
Green dominated the field to win the 1990 track championship at Nashville Speedway USA. In 22 races, he won 15 times and had only one finish below third. After the season, John Boatman approached Green about competing in the Autolite Platinum 200, a NASCAR Busch Series event taking place at Richmond International Raceway. Green would start 23rd and finish 22nd in the event, exceeding the team's goal of simply qualifying for the race.

Green ran a limited schedule from 1991 to 1994, sporadically appearing in Busch Series races and making Cup starts for Sadler Brothers and Junior Johnson in 1994. He became a full-time driver in the Busch Series in 1995 for Dale Earnhardt, Inc., and after consecutive Top 5 finishes in the points standings, he made a pair of Cup races for DEI in 1996. At the end of the season, he signed to drive the unsponsored No. 8 Chevy for Diamond Ridge Motorsports, and won his first career race at Las Vegas. He later made 20 Winston Cup series starts in 1997 for the No. 29 Cartoon Network-sponsored Chevrolet Monte Carlo, owned by Diamond Ridge, finishing just behind his brother David for Rookie of the Year honors. Green planned to race full time for the team in 1998, but only raced in the No. 29 for three of the first six races. He was later released by Diamond Ridge, who suspended operations for the Winston Cup team in an effort to focus on the Busch Series. Green substituted a race for Derrike Cope, and later signed a contract to drive the No. 46 First Union/The Money Store-sponsored Chevrolet, owned by Felix Sabates, for the rest of the year. Overall, he would race in 22 of 33 season events and finished 40th in points.

Busch Series
Green turned his focus back to the Busch Series afterwards, finishing in the Top 2 in points for the next three years. He finished in second place, 280 points behind Dale Earnhardt Jr., in 1999 driving the No. 32 Kleenex-sponsored Chevy for Progressive Motorsports. It was his first full-time Busch series season since 1996.

As his team became the No. 10 Nesquick/Nestlé-sponsored Chevy and was rebranded ppc Racing in 2000, Green became the heavy favorite to win the championship after Earnhardt and Matt Kenseth departed for the Winston Cup. After dueling with Todd Bodine for the points lead early in the season, Green pulled away with 14 consecutive Top 10 finishes, a streak which included five wins. At the end of the year, Green had won the Busch Series championship by 616 points over ppc Racing teammate Jason Keller. This final victory margin was the largest in series history until 2006. Green set a series record for most Top 5's in a season (25), and with David Green, the 1994 Busch Series champion, became the first brothers to both win NASCAR championships.

After the 2000 season, Green was again a championship favorite in the 2001 season after switching to Ford. He eventually caught up to Harvick and, with a win in the Carquest Auto Parts 300, Green took a 14-point lead over Harvick 14 races into the season. However, he would suffer a 29th and two 31st-place finishes in the next four races, crippling his chances in the points race as he fell to fourth-place, 302 points behind Harvick. Green finished 124 points behind Harvick and earned his second runner-up finish in three seasons. He had seven finishes outside the Top 20 compared to only two the previous season. In all, during his three-year full-time return to the Busch Series, Green had 13 wins and 72 Top 10s — both the most of any driver during that period — and averaged three Top 10's in every four races. Later that season Green began driving for Richard Childress Racing part time in the No. 30 America Online-sponsored Chevrolet in Winston Cup (oddly enough as a replacement for Harvick, who was supposed to drive this car before the death of Dale Earnhardt caused him to be promoted to Childress' Winston Cup team much earlier than planned). Green competed in eight races, winning one pole and scoring one Top 10 finish. After the season, he left the Busch Series to drive for Childress full time.

Cup Series
In Green's first full Winston Cup season in 2002, he picked up four Top 5 finishes, and six Top 10s to finish 17th in points. One of these finishes which was his best career finish in the New England 300, finishing second to race winner Ward Burton. The runner-up finish brought him up to 18th in the points standings, and Green stayed in the Top 20 for the rest of the year.

Green began 2003 by winning the pole for the Daytona 500 and had a seventh-place finish at Texas Motor Speedway, but otherwise failed to finish higher than 20th and crashed twice. After an incident with teammate Harvick at Richmond, Richard Childress Racing fired Green on May 5. Two days later, he was picked up by DEI to drive the No. 1 Pennzoil-sponsored Chevrolet, replacing Steve Park, who was hired by Childress to drive the No. 30. Green fared no better than 16th in 12 races and was replaced by John Andretti. He was also replaced in the road-course races by Ron Fellows. In reaction, Green said he was not given the opportunity to improve the situation. After missing three races, Green drove the No. 43 Cheerios/Betty Crocker-sponsored Dodge Intrepid for Petty Enterprises in the Dover 400 after the original driver, Christian Fittipaldi, had a commitment to drive the No. 44 in four races. After driving the Dodge again in the EA Sports 500 the next week, he became the driver for the rest of the season on a race-to-race basis. Green's best finish with the team was 16th at Dover International Speedway; team owner Richard Petty expressed anticipation that the team could work well together after a few months. Green finished 34th in the points standings, and was signed to drive full time for the team for the next season.

Green had four Top 15 finishes in 2004 (including a seventh-place finish in the Subway 500) and he would fail to finish in 11 races, the most DNF's in one season of his career; five were caused by engine failures while the other six were caused by crashes. The eventual 30th-place finish in the standings remains the lowest result for Green in a full-time season. He would continue to struggle in 2005. He failed to finish in the Top 10 the entire year, with his best finish being 11th in the Coca-Cola 600. Green's 29th-place finish allowed Petty Enterprises to announce on November 11, 2005, that Bobby Labonte would replace him following the season's end.

Green signed with Haas CNC Racing and became the successor of Mike Bliss in the No. 66 Best Buy-sponsored Chevrolet, which had been changed from No. 0 to celebrate the sponsor's 40th anniversary. His new crew chief was Robert "Bootie" Barker, who had been subject to rumors of replacement before the 2006 season. In the Daytona 500, Green crashed midway through the race when Dale Jarrett clipped the right-rear of his car; Green would call this "stupid" and a "rookie" move. He rebounded from the 42nd-place finish in the next nine races, finishing no lower than 26th and rising to 21st in points. After finishing four laps down at Darlington, he recovered from a pit zone infraction penalty at Lowe's Motor Speedway and finished 12th. Green's best race came at the UAW Ford 500 at Talladega Superspeedway, in which he finished seventh after starting 35th, breaking a 70-race streak without a Top 10. After another Top 10 finish at Martinsville Speedway, he ended the season 28th in the final points standings.

Part time in multiple series

Green returned to Haas in 2007, and had three sixth-place finishes but was released with four races to go in the season. In 2008, he attempted four Cup races with Wood Brothers Racing and Front Row Motorsports respectively, but did not qualify for any of those races. He did qualify for three races in the Nationwide Series in the No. 31 Key Motorsports Chevy with a best finish of 28th, and ran eight races with their No. 40 truck team. His best finish was seventh at Las Vegas.

In 2009, Green continued his part-time schedule in the Nationwide Series, running for Day Racing, MSRP Motorsports, MacDonald Motorsports, and Key. His best finish was 21st at Nashville Superspeedway.

As the 2010 NASCAR season began Green had a ride in the Nationwide Series for the Camping World 300 at Daytona for Wayne Day's 05 car. Green also drove at Talladega finishing 16th and at Nashville finishing 24th for Key Motorsports. He later ran a handful of Cup Series races for Latitude 43 Motorsports and Gunselman Motorsports with a best finish of 24th. Green also started and parked Tri Star's No. 36 in the Nationwide Series.

Green started and parked for TriStar Motorsports in 2011. In his lone Sprint Cup Start of the season, he finished 43rd in the debut of the Front Row Motorsports No. 55 at New Hampshire International Speedway.

Green began the 2012 Nationwide Series schedule year driving the year in the new No. 10 for TriStar, but after an injury to Eric McClure after the 2012 Talladega race, Green was named interim driver of the No. 14. Green finished 19th in his first relief start at Darlington, but finished 32nd at Iowa and Lowe's due to a crash and an engine failure respectively. In his fourth relief start, Green posted his best finish of the year, 17th, at Dover International Speedway In his final relief start, Green finished on the lead lap in 18th at Michigan International Speedway. He has since returned to the No. 10.

Green attempted one Sprint Cup Series race in 2012, but failed to qualify at Kansas Speedway driving for Joe Falk's No. 33.

In 2013, Green returned to the start-and-park No. 10 Toyota for Tri-Star Motorsports, though he replaced McClure in the 14 for four races. Unlike the 10, Green ran full races in the 14. In 2014 at Mid-Ohio, Green was battling for the lead with eventual race winner Chris Buescher but a mechanical failure ruined his best chance at his first Nationwide Series win since 2002. He would finish 29th. In 2015, Green joined the #30 car for The Motorsports Group, replacing the fired Ron Hornaday Jr. In his debut for TMG, Green qualified 33rd and finished 40th-the best finish for TMG. Green failed to qualify in his next two attempts. Green joined Rick Ware Racing to race the season opener at Daytona, where he didn't start and park as he usually does, however engine problems caused him to finish 36th. Green drove the #17 Toyota Camry at the 2016 Subway Firecracker 250. He ran in the top 15 most of the race and avoided many wrecks including a wreck on the last lap, where he spun polesitter David Ragan. He finished seventh in the race, his first Top 10 in 11 years. Green returned to full-time Xfinity competition in 2017 driving for B. J. McLeod Motorsports. However he parted in ways with the team in the middle of the season (but returned with them at Daytona in July). He joined RSS Racing and start and parks with them.

Green completed his full 2018 season for all 33 races with RSS, mostly in the No. 93. The following year, Green competed in the first half of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season before missing the rest starting in July as he underwent rotator cuff surgery after the Kentucky race. He served as a crew chief for RSS Racing for the remainder of the year.

For 2021, Green revealed his plans for the year in a response to a fan's question on Twitter, who asked him if he had plans to compete in any Xfinity races for RSS as he did in 2020. Green stated that he did not have any races scheduled for the season, and that he would continue as a crew chief with RSS, moving from the Xfinity Series to their part-time ARCA Menards Series car, the No. 28, driven by Ryan's younger brother Kyle Sieg. On May 21, Green announced that he would be retiring from driving and crew chiefing NASCAR effective immediately. He made his announcement after the conclusion of Sieg's part-time ARCA schedule, which was the first 4 races of the season. Green's final race ended up being as crew chief for Kyle Sieg in his Xfinity Series debut at Dover.

Conflicts with fellow drivers
While in the Busch Series, Green developed a rivalry with Kevin Harvick. The drivers were prime contenders for the 2000 and 2001 championships, with Harvick beating Green out in the latter year. Green would become a teammate of Harvick's in the Winston Cup in 2002; both rejected the notion that they could not get along. While their first season together passed without incident, the second did not end well. During the 2003 Pontiac Excitement 400, Harvick ran into the rear of Green's car while Green was attempting to avoid a conflict between Ryan Newman and Ward Burton. Harvick began apologizing for the spin-out, and cameras showed that Green's car had hesitated before the collision. Green was outraged by the incident and confronted Harvick's crew chief, Todd Berrier, later saying, "Tough to be teammates when it seems like there's only one car at RCR." He was fired by Childress the next day, who said that change was needed after the relationship had gone awry.

After a relatively quiet 2004, Green took part in a much-publicized feud with his former high school schoolmate and off-track friend, Michael Waltrip during the early 2005 season, especially during races at Martinsville and Darlington, where Green and Waltrip wrecked each other on several occasions. While no penalties were assessed against the drivers, NASCAR ordered them to discontinue the incidents.

During the 2006 season, at the Chevy Rock and Roll 400, after being involved in a crash with Jimmie Johnson on lap 252, Green drove back onto the track, and, while 51 laps down while repairs were made, then slammed into Johnson just after he had spun off the bumper of Reed Sorenson on lap 322, resulting in his car being ordered to the garage for the final 78 laps (resulting in a 41st-place finish).

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Sprint Cup Series

Daytona 500

Xfinity Series

Camping World Truck Series

K&N Pro Series East

 Season still in progress.
 Ineligible for series points

ARCA Hooters SuperCar Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

International Race of Champions
(key) (Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led.)

References

External links

Living people
1962 births
Sportspeople from Owensboro, Kentucky
Racing drivers from Owensboro, Kentucky
Racing drivers from Kentucky
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR Xfinity Series champions
International Race of Champions drivers
People from Davidson, North Carolina
ARCA Menards Series drivers
Richard Childress Racing drivers
Dale Earnhardt Inc. drivers
Stewart-Haas Racing drivers
ARCA Midwest Tour drivers
Herzog Motorsports drivers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Flash drive with 54 Mp3 files on a wide range of apologetic topics.
Flash Drive with all of Bahnsen's History of Western Philosophy sets.
Flash drive with 70 Mp3 files on The Book of Revelation. Includes a Brief Survey of the Book of Revelation and Confidence About the Future.
Flash drive with 70 Mp3 files which includes Dr. Bahnsen's set on "Systematic Theology", "Covenant Theology", Basic Training in Theology "In Understanding Be Men", "Sola Scriptura".


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Q: Rich text box having { } getting converted into its ANSI value I have a list in which one column is of type Rich text box.
I am using a console application which reads this list's item and replace a substring
for example RichTextColumn contains value [subtext] then
string mytext=item["RichTextColumn"].toString();
mytext=mytext.Replace("[subtext]","******");

The above code work fine , but when Rich Text column has { or } then the code fails
for example if RichTextColumn contains value {subtext} then below can't find it
mytext=mytext.Replace("{subtext}","--------");

On debugging I found mytext contains ANSI code for curly braces(&#123) instead of {
Please help me out me to resolve this issue.

A: SharePoint stores some of the Rich Text characters in ANSI format

You can decode the string before applying the Replace function as below
mytext = System.Web.HttpUtility.HtmlDecode(mytext);
mytext=mytext.Replace("{subtext}","--------");


There are a lot of people who have competed in multiple Highmark Quad Games, dating back to when PNC or St. Vincent was the title sponsor. Many remember events being held in Fairview, at Peak n Peek and Albion (the famous Quad bike that took place just days after a devastating twister ripped through the small town). Only 4 people can say they have competed in all 34 Quad Games (approximately 136 individual events). The "Ultimate Quad Squad" consists of the following four individuals (listed left to right).


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Cheshire Phoenix 91 – 92 Manchester Giants
Cheshire Phoenix suffered a heartbreaking defeat against the Manchester Giants in the opening game of the BBL Championship.
Both teams shot the ball efficiently, especially from three-point range (Cheshire 14-33 3PT / Manchester 10-22 3PT) and exchanged leads on 13 occasions in what was a highly-entertaining affair at the Ellesmere Port Sports Village.
Teddy Okereafor had the chance to put his team in the ascendancy in the dying seconds of the game, however he failed to connect on his driving lay-up, the Giants hauled in the defensive rebound and the final buzzer sounded before the Nix could get another offensive possession.
Cheshire took a while to find their rhythm, as they amassed just nine points in the first five minutes of the contest, whilst allowing the Giants to rack up 15 points in the same time period. The Nix had the chance to tie the game at 18 points a piece with 2:08 remaining in the opening act, however Ben Mockford only managed to split his pair of free-throws and so the Giants remained in front by one point. Manchester guard Tyrik Armstrong committed a back-court violation at the 1:58 mark and it was Okereafor who punished Armstrong's mistake by converting a lay-up to put the hosts ahead 19-18 with less than two minutes remaining in the first quarter. Geno Artison and Josh Steel generated a zippy 4-0 run to end the first quarter, meaning that Cheshire went into the second quarter trailing 19-22.
A three-pointer by Okereafor had the two sides knotted at 22 points apiece within the first 17 seconds of the second stanza. The Nix & Giants just traded buckets until the 5:19 mark when the hosts created a five-point cushion for themselves through another trey-ball from Okereafor. Martaveous McKnight replied with a three-pointer of his own before Wright reinstated Cheshire's two-possession advantage with another trey at the 4:36 mark. Artison, Armstrong and McKnight combined for eight unanswered points, however it was Levi Bradley who stopped Cheshire's drought and tied the game, 43-43, with a turnaround jumper at the 2:26 mark. The Giants closed the first half slightly better as they outscored the Nix 8-to-4 in the last two minutes and went into the interval up 51-47.
Photo by Adam Day
Okereafor opened the second half with another three-pointer before his GB teammate Dan Clark replied with a two-pointer on the next possession. Wright knocked down a three of his own which tied the game at 53 points apiece with 8:49 left to play in the third. The hosts found themselves behind by two points at the half-way mark of the penultimate quarter, however Manchester's lead ballooned to a game-high 11 points in just two minutes as the Nix struggled to contain the visitors' offence. Okereafor stopped Manchester's 11-0 run with a three-pointer at the 2:47 mark and the Nix managed to cut the deficit to 70-75 heading into the final frame.
Josh McSwiggan drilled back-to-back triples in the first 40 seconds of the fourth quarter, however Clark put his side back on top with a lay-up at the 8:35 mark. The Giants led 84-to-80 with just five minutes to go however the Nix tied the game once again at the 2:05 mark thanks to a pair of consecutive three-pointers from Levi Bradley. Okereafor had the chance to increase Cheshire's momentum when he went up for a wide-open lay-up on the fast-break, however he inexplicably missed what seemed like his easiest shot of the night and the scores remained level, at 91 points apiece. McKnight split a pair of free-throws with just seven seconds remaining which meant that Cheshire had the final possession and they only needed two points to snatch the win from the Giants. Ben Thomas called a time-out and opted for a line-up consisting of Okereafor, Mockford, Wright, McSwiggan and Bradley to close the game. Okereafor managed to find a gap in Manchester's defence and drove to the basket for a lay-up, however his shot failed to drop and the Giants ran out victorious by the finest of margins, 92-91.
Despite coming up just short at the end of the contest, Okereafor put on a clinic against the Giants as he posted a 17-point, 12-rebound, 13-assist triple-double in which he shot 46% from the floor and 66% from three-point land.
Wright played the full 40 and racked up 24 points, six rebounds and four assists and connected on five of 12 attempts from downtown. Bradley scored a game-high 25 points on 9-of-17 shooting from the floor, including 3-of-6 from deep.
McKnight led the Giants in scoring with 24 points on 9-of-15 shooting from the field, while Armstrong supplied his team with a 12-point, 10-assist double-double.


As we age, skin produces decreasing quantities of collagen and elastin, making it looser and more prone to wrinkling. The signs of aging can be worsened by exposure to UV rays or other skin damaging agents that can cause sunspots and other skin blemishes.
Luckily, there are many products and treatments on the market that can promote the production of elastin and collagen and help skin renew and regenerate; halting and reversing the signs of aging.
Microneedling, or collagen induction therapy, is a revolutionary technique that uses a device to create microchannels in your skin which stimulates the skin to produce more collagen and to begin the natural healing process. This results in younger looking and truly firmer skin. It can treat blemishes, wrinkles and other signs of aging.
Not all microneedling is the same! We have chosen to use SkinPen brand, as it is the only microneedling device on the market with not only single-use disposable applicators but a fully sealed device that does not permit any internal or cross-contamination. We also pair microneedling with PRP therapy to help you achieve even greater results of healthier, youthful skin!
When you schedule an appointment at RejuvaWell, our coaches will first schedule a consultation to evaluate your skin to determine whether you're a suitable candidate for this therapy, as well as any of our other service offerings. Sometimes we will recommend services that are different from what you thought you needed.
Our phlebotomist will draw a small amount of blood and use a centrifuge to separate the PRP. Clinicians simply apply the PRP topically throughout the microneedling process to allow it to seep into the skin perforations. The entire procedure rarely takes even a full hour.
What is PRP and how does it enhance microneedling?
Platelet-rich plasma, (PRP) comes from blood and functions to cultivate your body's natural growth factors. Although blood is mostly liquid (plasma), it contains small solid particles (red cells, white cells, and platelets). In addition to clotting blood, platelets have hundreds of proteins called growth factors which play an important role in healing injury. The highly concentrated platelets can be 5-10 times richer than what is typically found in blood. PRP has been used for years to treat sports-related injuries and has recently gained in popularity as a facial treatment to reduce wrinkles, remove blemishes and even diminish scars. By combining microneedling with PRP, we boost the body's natural healing process and enhance the results of microneedling.
What are the benefits of combining microneedling with PRP?
Firm and improve skin texture.
PRP works together with microneedling to help your skin generate new collagen. If you're concerned about fine lines or uneven skin tone, contact us today to set up an appointment at RejuvaWell and see what a difference this treatment can make.


text:
It has been suggested that this article be merged with Open content. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2020.
For the use of free content on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Free content.
Free Cultural Works logo
Free content, libre content, or free information, is any kind of functional work, work of art, or other creative content that meets the definition of a free cultural work.[1]
A free cultural work (free content) is, according to the definition of Free Cultural Works, one that has no significant legal restriction on people's freedom to:
use the content and benefit from using it,
study the content and apply what is learned,
make and distribute copies of the content,
change and improve the content and distribute these derivative works.[1][2]
Free content encompasses all works in the public domain and also those copyrighted works whose licenses honor and uphold the freedoms mentioned above. Because the Berne Convention in most countries by default grants copyright holders monopolistic control over their creations, copyright content must be explicitly declared free, usually by the referencing or inclusion of licensing statements from within the work.
Although there are a great many different definitions in regular everyday use, free content is legally very similar, if not like an identical twin, to open content. An analogy is the use of the rival terms free software and open source, which describe ideological differences rather than legal ones.[3][4][5] For instance, the Open Knowledge Foundation's Open Definition describes "open" as synonymous to the definition of free in the "Definition of Free Cultural Works" (as also in the Open Source Definition and Free Software Definition).[6] For such free/open content both movements recommend the same three Creative Commons licenses, the CC BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0.[7][8][9][10]
Main article: Copyright
Copyright is a legal concept, which gives the author or creator of a work legal control over the duplication and public performance of his or her work. In many jurisdictions, this is limited by a time period after which the works then enter the public domain. Copyright laws are a balance between the rights of creators of intellectual and artistic works and the rights of others to build upon those works. During the time period of copyright the author's work may only be copied, modified, or publicly performed with the consent of the author, unless the use is a fair use. Traditional copyright control limits the use of the work of the author to those who either pay royalties to the author for usage of the authors content, or limit their use to fair use. Secondly it limits the use of content whose author cannot be found.[11] Finally it creates a perceived barrier between authors by limiting derivative works, such as mashups and collaborative content[12]
Main article: Public domain
The public domain is a range of creative works whose copyright has expired, or was never established; as well as ideas and facts[nb 1] which are ineligible for copyright. A public domain work is a work whose author has either relinquished to the public, or no longer can claim control over, the distribution and usage of the work. As such any person may manipulate, distribute, or otherwise use the work, without legal ramifications. A work in the public domain or released under a permissive licence may be referred to as "copycenter".[13]
Main article: Copyleft
Copyleft is a play on the word copyright and describes the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work.[14] The aim of copyleft is to use the legal framework of copyright to enable non-author parties to be able to reuse and, in many licensing schemes, modify content that is created by an author. Unlike works in the public domain, the author still maintains copyright over the material, however the author has granted a non-exclusive license to any person to distribute, and often modify, the work. Copyleft licenses require that any derivative works be distributed under the same terms, and that the original copyright notices be maintained. A symbol commonly associated with copyleft is a reversal of the copyright symbol, facing the other way; the opening of the C points left rather than right. Unlike the copyright symbol, the copyleft symbol does not have a codified meaning.[15]
Projects that provide free content exist in several areas of interest, such as software, academic literature, general literature, music, images, video, and engineering. Technology has reduced the cost of publication and reduced the entry barrier sufficiently to allow for the production of widely disseminated materials by individuals or small groups. Projects to provide free literature and multimedia content have become increasingly prominent owing to the ease of dissemination of materials that is associated with the development of computer technology. Such dissemination may have been too costly prior to these technological developments.
In media, which includes textual, audio, and visual content, free licensing schemes such as some of the licenses made by Creative Commons have allowed for the dissemination of works under a clear set of legal permissions. Not all of the Creative Commons' licenses are entirely free: their permissions may range from very liberal general redistribution and modification of the work to a more restrictive redistribution-only licensing. Since February 2008, Creative Commons licenses which are entirely free carry a badge indicating that they are "approved for free cultural works".[16] Repositories exist which exclusively feature free material and provide content such as photographs, clip art, music,[17] and literature,.[18] While extensive reuse of free content from one website in another website is legal, it is usually not sensible because of the duplicate content problem. Wikipedia is amongst the most well-known databases of user-uploaded free content on the web. While the vast majority of content on Wikipedia is free content, some copyrighted material is hosted under Fair-use criteria.
OSI logo
FSF logo
Main article: Free and open-source software
Free and open-source software, which is also often referred to as open source software and free software, is a maturing technology with major companies using free software to provide both services and technology to both end users and technical consumers. The ease of dissemination has allowed for increased modularity, which allows for smaller groups to contribute to projects as well as simplifying collaboration. Open source development models have been classified as having a similar peer-recognition and collaborative benefit incentives that are typified by more classical fields such as scientific research, with the social structures that result from this incentive model decreasing production cost.[19] Given sufficient interest in a software component, by using peer-to-peer distribution methods, distribution costs of software may be reduced, removing the burden of infrastructure maintenance from developers. As distribution resources are simultaneously provided by consumers, these software distribution models are scalable, that is the method is feasible regardless of the number of consumers. In some cases, free software vendors may use peer-to-peer technology as a method of dissemination.[20] In general, project hosting and code distribution is not a problem for the most of free projects as a number of providers offer them these services free.
Open source hardware logo
Free content principles have been translated into fields such as engineering, where designs and engineering knowledge can be readily shared and duplicated, in order to reduce overheads associated with project development. Open design principles can be applied in engineering and technological applications, with projects in mobile telephony, small-scale manufacture,[21] the automotive industry,[22][23] and even agricultural areas. Technologies such as distributed manufacturing can allow computer-aided manufacturing and computer-aided design techniques to be able to develop small-scale production of components for the development of new, or repair of existing, devices. Rapid fabrication technologies underpin these developments, which allow end users of technology to be able to construct devices from pre-existing blueprints, using software and manufacturing hardware to convert information into physical objects.
Main article: Open access (publishing)
In academic work, the majority of works are not free, although the percentage of works that are open access is growing rapidly. Open access refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access (e.g. access tolls) and free of many restrictions on use (e.g. certain copyright and license restrictions).[24] Authors may see open access publishing as a method of expanding the audience that is able to access their work to allow for greater impact of the publication, or may support it for ideological reasons.[25][26][27] Open access publishers such as PLOS and BioMed Central provide capacity for review and publishing of free works; though such publications are currently more common in science than humanities. Various funding institutions and governing research bodies have mandated that academics must produce their works to be open-access, in order to qualify for funding, such as the National Institutes of Health, RCUK (effective 2016) and the EU (effective 2020).[28][29][30][31] At an institutional level some universities, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have adopted open access publishing by default by introducing their own mandates.[32] Some mandates may permit delayed publication and may charge researchers for open access publishing.[33][34]Open content publication has been seen as a method of reducing costs associated with information retrieval in research, as universities typically pay to subscribe for access to content that is published through traditional means[10][35][36] whilst improving journal quality by discouraging the submission of research articles of reduced quality.[10] Subscriptions for non-free content journals may be expensive for universities to purchase, though the article are written and peer-reviewed by academics themselves at no cost to the publisher. This has led to disputes between publishers and some universities over subscription costs, such as the one which occurred between the University of California and the Nature Publishing Group.[37][38] For teaching purposes, some universities, including MIT, provide freely available course content, such as lecture notes, video resources and tutorials. This content is distributed via Internet resources to the general public. Publication of such resources may be either by a formal institution-wide program,[39] or alternately via informal content provided by individual academics or departments.
Any country has its own law and legal system, sustained by its legislation, a set of law-documents — documents containing statutory obligation rules, usually law and created by legislatures. In a democratic country, each law-document is published as open media content, is in principle a free content; but in general there are no explicit licenses attributed for each law-document, so the license must be interpreted, an implied license. Only few countries have explicit licenses in its law-documents, as the UK's Open Government Licence (a CC-BY compatible license). In the other countries, the implied license comes from its proper rules (general laws and rules about copyright in government works). The automatic protection provided by Berne Convention not apply to law-documents: Article 2.4 excludes the official texts from the automatic protection. It is also possible to "inherit" the license from context. The set of country's law-documents is made available through national repositories. Examples of law-document open repositories: LexML Brazil, Legislation.gov.uk, N-Lex of EU countries. In general a law-document is offered in more than one (open) official version, but the main one is that published by a government gazette. So, law-documents can eventually inherit license expressed by the repository or by the gazette that contains it.
Content (media)
Free culture movement
Permissive free software licence
^ The copyright status of uncreative aggregates of basic data may differ by region, for the USA see Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service, for Australia, see Telstra v Desktop Marketing Systems
^ a b Erik Möller, e.a. (2008). "Definition of Free Cultural Works". 1.1. freedomdefined.org. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
^ Stallman, Richard (November 13, 2008). "Free Software and Free Manuals". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Stallman, Richard. "Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software". Free Software Foundation.
^ Kelty, Christpher M. (2008). "The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits" (PDF). Duke University press - durham and london. p. 99. Prior to 1998, Free Software referred either to the Free Software Foundation (and the watchful, micromanaging eye of Stallman) or to one of thousands of different commercial, avocational, or university-research projects, processes, licenses, and ideologies that had a variety of names: sourceware, freeware, shareware, open software, public domain software, and so on. The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement.
^ "Goodbye, "free software"; hello, "open source"". Catb.org. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
^ Open Definition 2.1 on opendefinition.org "This essential meaning matches that of "open" with respect to software as in the Open Source Definition and is synonymous with "free" or "libre" as in the Free Software Definition and Definition of Free Cultural Works."
^ licenses on opendefinition.com
^ Creative Commons 4.0 BY and BY-SA licenses approved conformant with the Open Definition by Timothy Vollmer on creativecommons.org (December 27th, 2013)
^ Open Definition 2.0 released by Timothy Vollmer on creativecommons.org (October 7th, 2014)
^ a b c "Costs and business models in scientific research publishing: A report commissioned by the Wellcome Trust" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
^ "The Importance of Orphan Works Legislation".
^ Ben Depoorter; Francesco Parisi (2002). "Fair use and copyright protection: a price theory explanation". International Review of Law and Economics. 21 (4): 453. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.196.423. doi:10.1016/S0144-8188(01)00071-0.
^ Raymond, Eric S. "Copycenter". The Jargon File. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
^ Dusollier, S (2003). "Open source and copyleft. Authorship reconsidered?". Columbia journal of Law and the Arts. 26 (296). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Hall, G. Brent (2008). Open Source Approaches in Spatial Data Handling. Springer. p. 29. Bibcode:2008osas.book.....H. ISBN 978-3-540-74830-4. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Linksvayer, Mike (February 20, 2008). "Approved for Free Cultural Works". Creative Commons. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ "iRate Radio". SourceForge.net. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ "Gutenberg:No Cost or Freedom?". Project Gutenberg. April 23, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Mustonen, Mikko. "Copyleft – the economics of Linux and other open source software" (PDF). Discussion Paper No. 493. Department of Economics, University of Helsinki. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2009. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Pawlak, Michel; Bryce, Ciarán; Laurière, Stéphane (May 29, 2008). "The Practice of Free and Open Source Software Processes" (PDF). Rapport de Recherche. inria-00274193, version 2. N° 6519 (April 2008). ISSN 0249-6399. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Hendry, Andrew (March 4, 2008). "RepRap: An open-source 3D printer for the masses". Computerworld Australia. The Industry Standard. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Honsig, Markus (January 25, 2006). "The most open of all cars". Technology Review (in German). Heinz Heise. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ "Australian drive for green commuter cars". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
^ Suber, Peter. "Open Access Overview". Earlham.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
^ Alma Swan; Sheridan Brown (May 2005). "Open access self-archiving: An author study" (PDF). Key Perspectives Limited.
^ Andrew, Theo (October 30, 2003). "Trends in Self-Posting of Research Material Online by Academic Staff". Ariadne (37). ISSN 1361-3200. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Key Perspectives. "JISC/OSI Journal Authors Survey Report" (PDF). Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ Haslam, Maryanne. "NHMRC Partnership Projects – Funding Policy" (PDF). National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
^ "Policy on Enhancing Public Access to Archived Publications Resulting from NIH-Funded Research". Retrieved July 12, 2009.
^ "Open access - RCUK Policy and revised guidance".
^ "Outcome of Proceedings, 9526/16 RECH 208 TELECOM 100, The transition towards an Open Science System".
^ "MIT faculty open access to their scholarly articles". MIT news. 20 March 2009.
^ "Policy of the Society for General Microbiology towards author self-archiving on PubMed Central and institutional and other repositories". Retrieved April 10, 2009.
^ "OnlineOpen". Archived from the original on April 27, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
^ Mayor, Susan (April 19, 2003). "Libraries face higher costs for academic journals". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 326 (7394): 840. PMC 1125769.
^ "AMS Journal price survey". Retrieved May 23, 2009.
^ "Response from the University of California to the Public statement from Nature Publishing Group regarding subscription renewals at the California Digital Library" (PDF). June 10, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
^ Hawkes, Nigel (November 10, 2003). "Boycott 'greedy' journal publishers, say scientists". The Times. London. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
^ "About OpenCourseWare". Retrieved April 10, 2009.
D. Atkins; J. S. Brown; A. L. Hammond (February 2007). A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities (PDF). Report to The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Giving Knowledge for free – The Emergence of Open Educational Resources. 2007, ISBN 92-64-03174-X.
Articles to be merged from January 2020
All articles to be merged
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Wikipedia pending changes protected pages


A fantastic free afternoon of circus, workshops, heritage and making activities as we once again throw open the doors of the Drill House for our Open Day.
We'll be welcoming the wonderful Hikapee Theatre who'll be running aerial and ground-based circus workshops for us as part of their visit to Great Yarmouth to develop their new family circus theatre show, Moonfall.
Artist Matthew Harrison will be running an animation workshop, exploring the history of this fine old building as part of our Drill House 150 celebrations.
We'll be celebrating Halloween with some crafty making activities and, looking forward, will be inviting you to design a circus Christmas Card to be sold to raise money to support Drillaz Circus School.
There'll be the chance to try out our Circus Tots activities for the little ones plus food and drink throughout.


A Japanese man was boasting about how his country had such advanced medical technology. He said, "We take the lungs out of a man, perform an operation, put the lungs back in, and in 4 weeks, the man is looking for work."
An Englishman said, "We are far more advanced than you. We can take the heart out of a man, perform surgery and have him ready for work in just 3 weeks."
The Irishman says, "That's nothing; we can take a kidney out of a man, put into another man's body and have them looking for work in 2 weeks."
The American says, "Well hell, that's nothin'. We had an idiot taken out of Texas, put in the Whitehouse and now half the country is lookin' for work!"
The farm was used to produce produce .
"There are only 10 types of people in the world: those that understand binary, and those that don't."
heh. Funny in a derogitary kind of way.
the back. He would then arrange for child support.
watched as her husband read the card, turned white, and fainted.
I would meet him an hour ago, but I don't know where I am."
longitude." "You must be an engineer," said the balloonist. "I am,"
before we met, but now, somehow, it's my fault."
so they gave me the ax.
life but I just didn't have the thyme.
the work was just too draining.
The wife replies, "Good. Now you know how I feel."
A woman went to the beach with her children.
seagull lay in the sand.
"And God threw him back down?"
A cop on the beat sees him and approaches, Can I help you, sir?
Yesssh! Schomebody schtole my car! the man replies.
that you are exposing yourself?"
GOD...they got my girlfriend too!"


So as we said day by day the members of the club are less and less...and we assumed that when your SS membership expires they basically kick you out of the club....well...It's TRUE!!!
You can find the post of JoystickGirl in her blog grabthejoystick.blogspot.com where the photo was taken from!!!
So basically stardoll says that ... if you are in don't let your SS membership expire...cause if you do you are out...and the only way to get in again...is to keep buying SS memberships till you get a new invitation!!!


text:
< Back to all Opinion
Book Review – Telecommunications In The Pacific Basin: An Evolutionary Approach
Telecommunications in the Pacific Basin: An Evolutionary Approach.
Edited by Eli Noam, Seisuke Komatsuzaki and Douglas A. Conn.
New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. xvii, 514 pp.
According to the International Telecommunications Union's World Telecommunications Development Report (Geneva: 1994) the Asia-Pacific region experienced the highest average annual growth rate (nearly 12 per cent) of mainline telephone circuits in the world over the decade 1983-92. Yet this still leaves countries like China and Indonesia, which are home to one-quarter of the world's population, with less than two telephone lines per one hundred inhabitants. At the other end of the regional scale, by 1992 Canada, the USA and Japan could boast of sixty, fifty-six and forty-eight telephone mainlines per one hundred inhabitants respectively, basically one for every household that wanted one, or universal service.
Periods of sustained economic growth bring societal changes, and the area of the Pacific Basin is no exception. Indeed, because the region includes some of the fastest growing low-income countries, and many of the world's newly industrializing countries, the term social change is inadequate, social transformation being nearer the mark. In the 1990s telecommunications are part and parcel of this process, and governments throughout the region, as well as business and social users, are alive to this fact.
As a result, in the developing economies traditional state-run posts, telegraph, and telephone bureaucracies (PTTs) are giving way to commercially-oriented, but regulated, telecommunications enterprises, and increasingly their monopoly is being replaced by selective competition. This is even true of Communist China. In the developed industrial economies, Australia, Canada, Japan, NewZealand and the USA, the process has gone further. New types of networks, such as Internet, X.400 information service providers using X.25 networks, cable TV networks, satellite and mobile networks, closed-user group corporate networks, and so on, are easing into the previously exclusive domain of telecommunications operating companies.
Change in the region is clearly dynamic, not least because the technology is changing so fast, and countries building out their networks from scratch today can leapfrog directly into the digital age. Until now no single academic publication has been available which sets out to survey these developments systematically from a public policy perspective. This one does, and it is to be welcomed. Its topic is timely, unfortunately its publication is a little less so.
The book consists of twenty-five essays divided into four sections, the first three essays providing theoretical insights into network evolution, the next eight providing accounts of network developments in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and the Pacific Islands, and the next seven examining the four tiger economics (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan) and Australia, and the final seven devoted to the remaining industrialized countries, and a round-up.
The first problem that strikes the reader is that they mostly refer to events before 1992. It is understandable that editing a book of so many contributors is bound to encounter delays, but this seriously out-dates a number of the contributions, very notably those on China, Hong Kong, Indonesia.and the Philippines.
The location of Australia along side the tiger economies is explained by the editors' central thesis, which is spelled out in the opening essay of Eli Noam who argues a model of network evolution. Initially, when the network is small subscribers gain little utility from joining the system, so finance is mainly through subsidy. But as the network expands, average costs fall ("cost sharing") and subscriber utility rises until a critical mass is reached when, in principle, the network can be self-financing. At some point average costs start rising and the utility brought to existing subscribers by the marginal subscriber diminishes.
The "private optimum" point of network growth has been reached and the phase Noam calls "self-sustained growth" closes. Continued expansion of the network increases social utility (universal service objectives) but increasingly the allocation of resources for network expansion and tariffing policy becomes redistributive, driven by social policy. Noam calls this "entitlement growth." Average costs eventually rise above the value derived by a sub-set of existing subscribers by further network expansion. This sub-set them has an incentive to opt out of the public network into stand-alone private networks. This is the "exist point." The drive to universal public service then requires renewed subsidy.
According to the editors, Australia is a vast sparsely populated country still at the stage of "entitlement growth." New Zealand, by contrast, has already reached the exit point. The idea seems neat, and the structure of the book imposes an apparent conformity to the model. But do these economies, and their policy regimes, really conform so neatly? One problem with the book is that most of the essays do not actually address this question openly.
Another problem is that in the developing and newly-industrialized economies most of the dramatic policy changes, and certainly the most dramatic policy changes, have taken place over the past two years. This is unfortunate for some of the essayists. Ken Zita's otherwise excellent insights into China's telecoms industry, unequivocally pronounces that the State Council will allow no competitors to the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications "at any time before 2000" (p.89) and is "unlikely to accept" (p.100) loans, and therefore strings, from the World Bank. China has done both. Equally seriously out-of-date are the essays on Hong Kong, Indonesia and the Philippines.
But there is a problem with Noam's model. It is too linear. And it seems to ignore the outstanding element of rapidly changing telecommunications technologies. Whether average costs did or did not tend to rise under the old electro-mechanical and semi-electronic technologies is arguable, but the revolutions in micro-electronics, optical fiber technology, and digital-compression radio techniques, to name just a few, have shifted the position and changed the shapes of the costs curves.
On the one hand, this strengthens Noam's assertion that the stand-alone costs of new entrants who offer a sub-set of the main carrier's services will be a competitive incentive for many users to leave the system (providing, of course, interconnection with the public network is available). On the other, it enables developing economies to invest in state-of-the-art digital and high-speed switching and transmission technologies, leap-frogging earlier stages. This creates conditions in these economies which allows them to introduce multi-networking at a much earlier stage, but less motivated by providing an exit point for sophisticated end-users, who are still rather scarce in many Asia-Pacific economies, than as a means of mobilizing local capital to finance public network expansion.
This raises the further issue of what is really driving telecommunications development and policy in the region? A purely evolutionary approach would suggest a natural trajectory of developmental stages, but by being catapulted into the global economy many of the developing countries of the region are finding their development being unevenly spread between the regions that trade with the world and the more isolated, especially rural, regions which remain domestically oriented. The vital role of telecommunications in international production, distribution, exchange and finance. is pressuring governments to accelerate its development, while at the same time find ways to maintain social and political goals of more equitable access to telecommunications. Several stages of Noam's model would seem to be manifest in one and the same country.
Each essayist has been given a template, which involves an historical, mostly but not totally, descriptive narrative, and a current overview of the industry, including its relation to equipment manufacturing
Photo by John Michael Thomson
TRPC
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