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Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols during CalNex 2010
Hayes, P. L.; Carlton, A. G.; Baker, K. R.; Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Alvarez, S.; Rappenglück, B.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Zotter, P.; Prévôt, A. S. H.; Szidat, Sönke; Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.; Ma, P. K.; Jimenez, J. L. (2015). Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols during CalNex 2010. Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 15(10), pp. 5773-5801. European Geosciences Union 10.5194/acp-15-5773-2015
Hayes_SOA modeling for CalNex (ACP 2015).pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY).
Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 campaign. We constrain the model predictions with measurements from several platforms and compare predictions with particle- and gas-phase observations from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. That site provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation close to anthropogenic emission sources with limited recirculation. The model SOA that formed only from the oxidation of VOCs (V-SOA) is insufficient to explain the observed SOA concentrations, even when using SOA parameterizations with multi-generation oxidation that produce much higher yields than have been observed in chamber experiments, or when increasing yields to their upper limit estimates accounting for recently reported losses of vapors to chamber walls. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model (version 5.0.1) provides excellent predictions of secondary inorganic particle species but underestimates the observed SOA mass by a factor of 25 when an older VOC-only parameterization is used, which is consistent with many previous model–measurement comparisons for pre-2007 anthropogenic SOA modules in urban areas.
Including SOA from primary semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (P-S/IVOCs) following the parameterizations of Robinson et al. (2007), Grieshop et al. (2009), or Pye and Seinfeld (2010) improves model–measurement agreement for mass concentration. The results from the three parameterizations show large differences (e.g., a factor of 3 in SOA mass) and are not well constrained, underscoring the current uncertainties in this area. Our results strongly suggest that other precursors besides VOCs, such as P-S/IVOCs, are needed to explain the observed SOA concentrations in Pasadena. All the recent parameterizations overpredict urban SOA formation at long photochemical ages (3 days) compared to observations from multiple sites, which can lead to problems in regional and especially global modeling. However, reducing IVOC emissions by one-half in the model to better match recent IVOC measurements improves SOA predictions at these long photochemical ages.
Among the explicitly modeled VOCs, the precursor compounds that contribute the greatest SOA mass are methylbenzenes. Measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) contribute 0.7% of the modeled SOA mass. The amounts of SOA mass from diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and cooking emissions are estimated to be 16–27, 35–61, and 19–35 %, respectively, depending on the parameterization used, which is consistent with the observed fossil fraction of urban SOA, 71(+-3) %. The relative contribution of each source is uncertain by almost a factor of 2 depending on the parameterization used. In-basin biogenic VOCs are predicted to contribute only a few percent to SOA. A regional SOA background of approximately 2.1 μgm-3 is also present due to the long-distance transport of highly aged OA, likely with a substantial contribution from regional biogenic SOA. The percentage of SOA from diesel vehicle emissions is the same, within the estimated uncertainty, as reported in previous work that analyzed the weekly cycles in OA concentrations (Bahreini et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). However, the modeling work presented here suggests a strong anthropogenic source of modern carbon in SOA, due to cooking emissions, which was not accounted for in those previous studies and which is higher on weekends.
Lastly, this work adapts a simple two-parameter model to predict SOA concentration and O/C from urban emissions. This model successfully predicts SOA concentration, and the optimal parameter combination is very similar to that found for Mexico City. This approach provides a computationally inexpensive method for predicting urban SOA in global and climate models. We estimate pollution SOA to account for 26 Tg yr-1 of SOA globally, or 17% of global SOA, one third of which is likely to be non-fossil.
158 since deposited on 11 Jun 2015
10 Strategic Research Centers > Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)
08 Faculty of Science > Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DCBP)
Szidat, Sönke
500 Science > 540 Chemistry
European Geosciences Union
Sönke Szidat


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Home | Opinion
What Rahul Gandhi And Opposition Got Wrong In Campaign vs Modi
Published: May 24, 2019 12:18 IST
The Modi Magic has worked again. The message of the 350-seat victory in the 17th Lok Sabha election, where the Congress has been reduced to just 52 and its chief, Rahul Gandhi, has been defeated in the family turf of Amethi, is loud and clear: the "Stop Modi Brigade" has poor approval ratings in the country. Modi has wowed the nation more in 2019 than in 2014. His programmes and policies may not be liked by the well-entrenched political elite of the country but Modi's politics have eclipsed the dynasts, "break India" gang and the Communists of the country.
The Congress has been practically reduced to four states. The much-celebrated Mahagathbandhan has been reduced to smithereens. The BJP has reached a larger vote-share and numbers due to all the non-traditional areas like the South, East and Northeast and has emerged as the party of power like the Congress of the 60s.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has won an outsized mandate for a second term in office, with his BJP scoring an absolute majority
The Modi Wave has ensured that the BJP has won the majority of SC, ST, Minority, rural and most backward-dominated constituencies in the country. Many stalwarts of the Congress like Jyotiraditya Scindia, Digvijaya Singh, Ashok Chavan, Milind Deora, Sushilkumar Shinde have fallen by the wayside. The TDP, SP, BSP and even the TMC, the most critical of Modi, have suffered big setbacks, while parties considered closer to Modi like the BJD, TRS and YSRCP in Andhra have reaped rich rewards. This is a historic defining moment for Indian polity. The voter has given a massive thumbs up to Modi and his policies. This has diminished the Congress party and the other opposition parties to mere marginal players.
By winning so convincingly and retaining the previous 100% strike rate in Rajasthan, Gujarat and other Hindi states, Modi has proved beyond doubt that his role as a creative disruptor of Indian politics has the massive mandate of the people of the country. Modi has won more seats, vote share and geographical canvas than in 2014, and this should convince critics that his initiatives like demonetization, GST and Pakistan policy have been politically correct.
The Congress's dismal performance was accentuated by party chief Rahul Gandhi losing his stronghold Amethi to BJP's Smriti Irani
There were a number of reasons for Modi getting his second term. That we will discuss later. But the most important fact in this poll before the electorate was the shabby manner in which the Opposition conducted itself since March 2019. Everywhere, the voter asked one question: "Who else but Modi?" The people were not convinced by the Opposition claim that they will first block Modi and then choose a leader after the poll. To stop Modi, could they ensure that there was only one Opposition candidate against the NDA in every constituency?
Rahul Gandhi was the first to moot the idea of a grand alliance against the NDA. The idea was sold to him by disgruntled leaders like Yashwant Sinha and Arun Shourie, who have nursed some vicious hatred for Modi ever since he became Prime Minister. It was at their tutoring that Rahul began accusing the PM of corrupting the Rafale deal without even a shred of evidence. Rahul's constant refrain of "chowkidar chor hai" damaged his own credibility more than hurting the Prime Minister's. Even on the last day of campaign on May 17, Rahul complained that the PM did not answer him on his questions on Rafale. As Chief Minister of Gujarat for 12 years and as Prime Minister since 2014, Modi has built a teflon reputation for honesty. And Rahul's obsession with tarnishing Modi's image backfired. No dynast arrayed against the PM has a clean image and all are facing charges of disproportionate assets without known sources of income.
The BJP swept Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the states that the Congress won in the assembly elections last December
The Opposition strategy was flawed from the beginning. They had no common agenda, no action plan and the Congress manifesto was a charter for giving a free run to the "Break India brigade". In an election where after Balakot air strike and national security became a major plank, this was an undoing.
The Congress scored many self-goals by Rahul running from Wayanad, Priyanka Vadra repeatedly talking about contesting from Varanasi and opting out later and failing to enter into seat adjustments with other parties like the TMC, AAP, BSP and SP. Even its talks with the CPM in Bengal got stuck after much noise was made about them. This spoiled the Congress Mahagathbandhan plan. Rahul failed to make other leaders gravitate toward him.
At no point in the seven-phase election was the Congress able to set the agenda. Its entire program seemed to consist of abusing Narendra Modi with all sorts of epithets which at one point the BJP collated and brought before the voter. This hugely embarrassed the Congress. The Congress' repeated attacks on the Election Commission, EVMs and the Supreme Court also did not go down well with the public. The Congress campaign strategy looked confused and disoriented.
Priyanka Gandhi Vadra's debut as the Congress general secretary was meant to be a lifeline for the party in Uttar Pradesh
In contrast, the BJP looked confident and well-prepared. The party's campaign material committee headed by senior BJP leader Sushma Swaraj had produced a variety of literature and propaganda material including very attractive audio-visual songs highlighting the achievements of the Modi government. The material included literature like "think before you vote", "55 years of Congress versus five years of Modi", "impossible made possible because of Modi", and "achievements of the government to make life better for every segment of the society like poor, working class, youth, women, farmer, armymen, divyang, elders" and achievements in the field of industry, infrastructure, finance, SMEs, economy, etc. These were prepared in all languages and distributed upto the booth level.
The Prime Minister gave a number of interviews where he listed the achievements and answered all critical queries about his policies and politics. Thus he was able to dominate the poll debate. The Opposition by entirely focusing on Modi made the campaign Modi-centric and presidential.
Modi was the sole factor in the entire campaign. He was the Mega Messiah who steered the 2019 poll and the plank of decisive leadership, stable government and a booming economy. India's status as an economic power fascinated the Indian voter. Modi has emerged as India's answer to the challenges of the 21st century.
(Dr R. Balashankar is Member, BJP Central Committee on Training, and Committee on Publications and former Convener BJP National Intellectual Cell and former Editor Organiser.)
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. The facts and opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.
By Failing To Unite, Opposition Gifted Modi, BJP 300 Seats
How Modi Ensured The Opposition's Colossal Defeat
Dr R. Balashankar
India's Hedge Funds Threatened by Higher Taxes
- Andy Mukherjee, Bloomberg Opinion
No, England Did Not Win The World Cup
- Mukul Kesavan
No Media Ban At Home Ministry, Amit Shah Assured Us
- Neeta Sharma
PM Modi Meets Vishvesha Teertha Swami Of Pejawara Matha On Guru Purnima
Rahul Gandhi Exempted From Appearance In ''Modi Surname'' Defamation Case
Election ResultsNarendra ModiRahul Gandhi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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St. C Singers
Division III Show Choir Invitational
Little Singers
Home > Events > Fall Spaghetti Dinner
Fall Spaghetti Dinner
St. Clairsville High School - 102 Woodrow Avenue
St. Clairsville, OH, US
stcsingers.com
The St. C. Singers are holding a Spaghetti Dinner on Thursday November 7th, 2019 from 4pm-8pm.
Join us for an evening of good food and community fellowship celebrating the talents of students in the St. C. Vocal Music programs.
It's dinner and entertainment for only $8.
Dinner is served in the Middle School/High School Cafetorium, and there will be continuous music with performances by the High School & Middle School Choirs, Chamber Choir, Sweet Harmony and the St. C. Singers. The St. C. Singers perform their full perfected show at the February Spaghetti Dinner! One of only 2 chances you'll get to see it locally! Dinner includes spaghetti with sauce and meatballs, salad and dressing, beverage, bread & butter, and cookies/dessert. We have fabulous cooks and bakers in our school district, which makes for a can't miss spaghetti dinner! Take a night off from cooking and support the arts in the process! Dinners will be available for dine-in or carry-out.
Copyright © 2018. St.C Singers All Rights Reserved.


Elizabeth Gilbert, the author of the bestselling book Eat, Pray, Love, says she's in love with her female best friend, Syrian author Rayya Elias.
Gilbert, who announced her breakup with her husband in July, explained in a Facebook post on Wednesday that she decided to leave her marriage after learning that Elias was diagnosed with pancreatic and liver cancer in the spring. Gilbert and Elias have been friends for over 15 years, frequently appearing together at events and supporting each other's work publicly.
Gilbert said that she decided to announce her relationship publicly so she can both support Elias through her cancer battle and live her life authentically.
Gilbert thanked fans for their support in a tweet later on Wednesday, sharing a picture of her and Elias.


If you intend to tow something of any kind of decent weight, you will certainly require a vehicle. Residential manufacturers are taken part in a torque war with their diesel vehicles-- they're pressing 800 pound-feet of torque as well as those beasts could tow greater than 24,000 pounds - 2012 toyota Tacoma towing Capacity.
However several of us might not need that much truck. The issue is that those impressive trucks are not economical and could set you back upwards of $50,000 and they huge. Perhaps we just wish to tow a small watercraft or a race automobile and don't intend to drive a big truck on a daily basis to function even if we wish to tow something once a month. We asked ourselves those specific concerns as well as chose that a Toyota Tacoma was the answer we were searching for.
The Toyota Tacoma is among the few portable pickup left on the United States market. There was a time when almost every supplier offered a compact vehicle, however, individually, they have all gone to truck heaven. Toyota marketed more than 106,000 Tacoma versions for 2010, outselling its local rival by almost two-to-one. For 2012, Tacoma shows a fresh face with a revamped hood, grille, headlamps as well as front bumper, to name a few modifications.
Our SR5 Double Taxi included a fabric interior that was ideal for such a vehicle. It was not over the top deluxe like some of those $50,000 vehicles however it wasn't affordable plastic and metal either. The pole positions were just firm enough and also extremely comfy even if you have to be behind the wheel all day. The SR5 Plan likewise includes color-keyed fender flares and also front bumper, chrome grille surround and chrome rear bumper, periodic wipers and upgraded interior functions as well as trim, including a leather-wrapped steering wheel as well as transmission shift bar.
Maybe the very best feature of the interior is that whatever is straightforward and easy to use. The Bluetooth system is entitled to additional praise for its convenience of use. You could quickly talk to it as well as simply tell it to call residence as well as unlike lots of far more expensive automobiles, it actually functions. The worst part of the inside is the heating unit controls, which felt cheap and low-grade, yet this has been chosen 2012 models.
The 2012 Tacoma provides an option of two engines. A 2.7-liter DOHC four-cylinder that generates 159 horsepower and also 180 pound-feet of torque is common. A 4.0-liter DOHC V6 that offers 236 horsepower with 266 pound-feet of torque is an option and was the engine in our test vehicle.
In both engines, variable valve timing with knowledge (VVT-i) is conventional which offers the engine excellent flexibility across the rpm range. The V6 can be teamed with either a six-speed handbook or a five-speed automatic transmission. Four-cylinder versions supply an option in between a five-speed manual as well as a four-speed automatic transmission. The five rate automated in our vehicle showcased well put ratios that were well suited for towing.
If you plan on towing, you ought to choose the V6 Tow Bundle. It consists of a class IV receiver hitch with the trailer circuitry yet most notably it includes a transmission cooler, engine oil cooler, 130 amp alternator and strong battery. With the tow package, the Tacoma could tow as much as 6,500 extra pounds.
We put the Tacoma through an arduous examination by linkeding it approximately concerning 5,500 extra pounds of trailer and also looked for different roads to see how it performs. First we went to smooth, straight roads followed by roadways with lots of gusty winds. The Tacoma was rock solid in these examinations without problems. The following test was driving in gridlock web traffic which regrettably is a part of life if you reside in a major metropolitan area. The Tacoma never perspired and also with great trailer brakes it never felt overloaded.
The last test was the most grueling component. Discover the longest and also steepest hill and climb it. This is the only test where it really did not rack up an A. Climbing the treacherous grapevine in Southern The golden state, the Tacoma was taking a breath hard. It could keep a speed of around 50 miles per hour which readied yet it was clear that it was not delighted doing it. The tow bundle did its task though and maintained the liquids cool in spite of the 4,000-foot climb torture test.
The only negative part of the Tacoma that we discovered was fuel economy. The V6 with automatic is ranked at 17 mpg in the city as well as 21 mpg on the highway with 2WD. Compare those with the numbers that Ford uses on the F150 which is 17 mpg in the city and also 23 mpg on the freeway and also unexpectedly the Tacoma does not look so economical. In justness, we must state that the F150 configured to obtain 23 mpg on the highway could only tow 5500 extra pounds which is over 1000 less than the Tacoma V6. If economy is your primary objective, the 4 cylinder is the best wager.
If you are mosting likely to tow a 6,000 extra pound lots, you can get bigger trucks and you could get a lot more pricey trucks. The Tacoma is a wonderful all-purpose vehicle that can do a lot of the work as well as can do it well. Exactly what is actually good concerning the Tacoma is that it starts out just $16,875 and our crammed 4-by-4 was less than $30,000.
The Tacoma supplies something that the various other huge trucks cannot match: it is enjoyable to drive and a lot more manoeuvrable as an everyday vehicle. That tail end is a big deal when it involves travelling on the highways of The U.S.A.. We are glad that Tacoma is still with us in 2012 and also hope that Toyota proceeds improving it each year.


hat is Mucked Hands?"Mucked Hands is a sophisticated tool on the market for Online Texas Hold'em Poker.Mucked Hands allows you to track all of your opponents actions.
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Texas calculatem gives you an edge by knowing the odds. Stop losing and start winning.


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What do farmers and journalists have in common?
Farmers are acutely aware of how they are portrayed in the media. They've had some heavy stuff thrown at them recently. Scary dairy, scary pesticides, even scary red meat. The centrepiece of our most cosy, comforting cultural symbol – the Sunday roast – feels more like a symbol of climate change and bowel cancer these days.
I meet many farmers who feel demoralised and downtrodden by what they see as a constant bombardment of negativity. I was telling one of my mates about it in Bristol recently.
"Goddamn those farmers," he said, "growing all that food and feeding us all."
I chuckled at the irony because it's really not as bad out there as some farmers think. The public are not hostile and, you know what, neither is the media. Even if it sometimes feels that way.
In this sense, journalists have a lot in common with farmers. We're the victims of massive negative stereotypes too. Untrustworthy, unethical and willing to sell our grannies for a scoop. I regularly meet people who says things like, "I don't trust your lot" or "watch out, she'll have a hidden camera somewhere!" They believe an agenda comes with the job description.
So we're not that different. Yes we get judged, and moaned about and some people believe the world would be better off without us – but meet us on an individual basis and we have two of the most interesting jobs in the world. I'm willing to bet every journalist and every farmer has been to a party, introduced themselves and heard this response: "Oooh, you're a journalist/farmer! I'd love to do that. What do you write about/what do you farm?"
People enjoy hearing about what we do. We may sometimes get a rough deal as a collective; but as individuals we can do great things for our profession, and the planet.
My next blog post is about the most recent Just Farmers workshop where journalists and farmers came together to do something really positive and exciting…
The Heckler & The Calendar
"Just Farmers gives us confidence"


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MU262 The Ballad of the Digeridoo: The Story of Two Colby Revolutionaries who Crossed Cultural Oceans with their Rhythms
Liam Connell, Colby CollegeFollow
1-5-2014 12:00 PM
What Colbys music scene lacks in depth, it certainly makes up for in breadth. Performed music ranges from classical orchestral ensembles to rock bands and of course to die-hard Taiko drum beaters. Standing out as perhaps the most idiosyncratic of these is a South American duo, Renzo Moyano and Guillermo Sapaj, who make music by playing the African djembe drum and Australian didgeridoo respectively. Between them and their instruments, their performance represents at least six nationalities. I seek to understand where and how their music interacts with their sense of identity at Colby. By conducting an ethnographic interview, studying their music, and drawing upon the thought of ethno-musicologists Cathy Ragland and Martin Stokes, I am able to draw conclusions about the nature of their performance, especially how it reflects their political and religious philosophies. In the end, their music is surprisingly accessible considering its otherness, and the reaction of the audience provides a litmus-test confirmation of the authenticity of their act.
Natasha Zelensky
Colby College. Music Dept.
May 1st, 9:00 AM May 1st, 12:00 PM


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The documentary Life and Debt portrays a true example of the impact economic globalization can have on a developing country. When most Americans think about Jamaica, we think about the beautiful beaches, warm weather, and friendly people that make it a fabulous vacation spot. This movie shows the place in a different light, by showing a pressuring problem of debt. The everyday survival of many Jamaicans is based on the economic decisions of the United States and other powerful foreign countries.
The film opens with camera shots portraying Jamaica as the beautiful and carefree place that most Americans view it as. The vast majority are oblivious to the fact that the delicious food they indulge in on their voyage probably came off a ship from Miami. In the 1970s, the country's former Prime Minister signed a loan agreement which ultimately led Jamaica to owe over four billion dollars in debt to the World Bank and IMF. This ultimately caused a sinking economy of low valued imports and to sweatshops destroying local businesses and agriculture.
In the video, we see workers who are working gruesome six-day-a-week work schedules to receive the legal minimum wage of only $30 in US money for the entire week. Many have protested against the poor compensation, and have been fired from their jobs; having been placed on blacklists which prevent them from ever getting work again. Many have turned to crime as a means of income. What Globalization Means Globalization is not a recent concept.
Streeten defined the components of globalization's effects on the fundamental change in our lives as below: "…additionally to economic interdependence in terms of trade, finance, direct investment, there are technological, educational, cultural, ideological, and environmental, legal, military, strategic and political incentives that are rapidly spread throughout the world. Money and goods, images and people, sports and religions, guns and drugs, diseases and pollution can now be moved quickly across all over the world".
Although people in many places seem prepared to die for the better option, we can say that there is no absolute model of the state. While we are talking about the state and globalization, we face the same dilemma while discussing the family characteristics in the West. In other words, the traditional Western family model and marriage has lived through many changes, and faced irreversible damages. We cannot state how the family will be in the future. The only thing we can do is keep up old and traditional values.
More than 190 countries now take place in the political arena with a larger number of powerful non-sovereign and at least partly (and often largely) independent actors that at least partly, varying from corporations to non-government organizations (NGOs), from terrorist groups to drug cartels, from regional and global institutions to banks and private equity funds. The sovereign state is affected by them causing better or worse as much as possible. The monopolistic power once enjoyed by sovereign entities is now being eroded.
Globalization: Has it helped Muslim women to gain education?


text:
<?php

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/**
 * Description of GridOptionsGenerator
 *
 * @author Luis Diego Flores Villalobos
 */
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            'Debug'             => 1,
            'Layout_Format'     => 'JSON',
            'Data_Format'       => 'JSON',
            'Upload_Format'     => 'Internal',
            'Upload_Data'       => 'TGData',
            'Export_Data'       => 'TGData',
            'Export_Param_File' => 'Grid',
        );
        $this->setOptions(array_merge($defaultOptions, $options));
    }

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        return $this->options;
    }

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        foreach($options as $option => $value) {
            $this->setOption($option, $value);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Caitlyn Jenner wants to play a Marvel villain. That takes balls!
Omarosa Manigault recorded John Kelly firing her. Insiders say there are plans for her to record with Michael Cohen….
U.S. Army eyes microwave canon to take out drones. Problem is – it will only work after you set it on high for four minutes….
On August 8, 1974, Richard Nixon resigned as President of the United States. Then for two years, America was driven by a Ford….
Have you seen what's been going on in Chicago of late? Wow! There's so many murders, it makes Al Capone look like a Boy Scout….
U.S. targets 2020 for the creation of a Space Force. Unfortunately, you'll need a big pair of space balls to join….
A 68-year-old grandmother shot a man she said was masturbating while riding a bike. Man! America's Got Talent!….
Scientists say our brains contain magnetic particles. No wonder I'm attracted to my fridge….
KFC chooses Seinfeld star Jason Alexander as newest Colonel Sanders. I hope this means we'll soon see fried latkes….
It's so hot in New York City, you don't need excessive heat to realize the Mets stink….
NASCAR CEO Brian France arrested for DWI. Police say he was on speed….
Lance Armstrong took a nasty spill on a bike trail. He said it felt like someone kicked him in his ball….
Oscars are going to have a new category "Best Popular Movie." People magazine to tally vote….
Caitlyn Jenner wants to play a Marvel villain. That takes balls!….


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ReForest Fund Update – October 2022
There has never been a more critical time to protect and restore our planet. Trillion Trees believes that forests are one of our greatest hopes and play a key role in the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss.
Community tree planting in the Usambara Mountains. Photo: WWF Tanzania
We are excited to bring you the latest news from the Trillion Trees ReForest Fund. The Fund supports forest restoration across a portfolio of sites where our partners have long-term conservation programmes, and where it's needed most.
Our projects focus on recovering and regrowing natural forests, but we take a landscape approach, using a wide range of methods and look for opportunities to improve livelihoods and address the underlying drivers of deforestation. This ensures our efforts make a lasting contribution to reducing carbon in the atmosphere and preserving critical biodiversity.
Trillion Trees has more than 50 projects worldwide that need support to restore degraded forest and re-create habitat for endangered species; such as helping prevent landslides and maintain water quality in Peru's Madidi Tambopata forest landscape, home to 300 mammal species, or working with communities to restore leopard habitat in Laos.
Whether you donate to restore 1 tree or 10,000, your support ensures forests thrive into the future.
Donate to the ReForest Fund
Connecting forest patches in Madagascar
Work has continued to restore and maintain Makira Natural Park, an area of outstanding endemic biodiversity.
Photo: WCS Madagascar
Restoring forest and saving water in Kenya
Restoring a landscape that's an important water tower and training ground for elite athletes, whilst benefitting local livelihoods.
Photo: WWF Kenya
Restoring degraded forest in Tanzania
Working with local communities to protect and restore forest in the Usambara Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot
Photo: WWF Tanzania
Tracking our progress
To ensure long-term success we've been training project teams to use our new tracking tool – FORMAPP.
Example of a landscape on FORMAPP
First ever tree-growing guide for Faith Organisations is launched at COP 15
Trillion Trees, WWF and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) have jointly published the first-ever comprehensive guide to tree growing, designed for use by faith groups across the world.


A new proposal by liberal and left-leaning legislators in Germany would bar ritual circumcision for boys under the age of 14.
Some 50 members of Parliament - from the Social Democratic Party, the Left Party and the Greens - have signed on to the proposal, which they hope will preempt another bill currently awaiting parliamentary approval. That bill, submitted last month, would allow Jewish and Muslim parents to choose ritual circumcision for an infant son under strict regulations, including medical training for the circumciser and the use of anesthesia.
The current campaign against ritual circumcision in Germany, which is led by a cadre of activists and boosted by some politicians on the left, picked up steam last May after a Cologne District Court ruled that the circumcision of a minor was criminal assault. The ruling came to light in the general public in June. In response, Jewish and Muslim leaders demanded a legal response that would protect their religious freedom.
Though the bill submitted in October introduces new restrictions on a ritual practiced without interruption for centuries in Germany, Jewish and Muslim groups have praised it as a way to protect their religious freedom against increasing onslaughts by opponents of circumcision.
The new attempt by left-leaning lawmakers would undermine that security and is expected to meet vigorous opposition in the Bundestag.
This story "50 German Lawmakers Back Circumcision Ban" was written by JTA.


text:
Q: How to draw time series line chart using pyspark I have big data set with two columns and I use spark with pyspark module to analysis the data set. I try to draw line chart using "date" column and "count" column. But date column included 4 years details but those are not in order(according to day by day), dates are mixed. So firstly I want to re arranges the dates, past to present. and this date column, data type is string. Can I know to draw this time series line chart, this date column should have to convert in to "date type" if it is how I change this string type date values in to date types values?

A: Using Spark 2.4.3, you can convert your string dates like this:
import pyspark.sql.functions as sf

df = sparksession.createDataFrame(
    [("8 October 2018", 4407), ("17 September 2017", 13326)],
    ["date", "count"],
)
df.show()

df.select(
    sf.to_date("date", "d MMMMM yyyy").alias("new_date"), "date", "count"
).orderBy("new_date").show()

And these are the results:
+-----------------+-----+
|             date|count|
+-----------------+-----+
|   8 October 2018| 4407|
|17 September 2017|13326|
+-----------------+-----+

+----------+-----------------+-----+
|  new_date|             date|count|
+----------+-----------------+-----+
|2017-09-17|17 September 2017|13326|
|2018-10-08|   8 October 2018| 4407|
+----------+-----------------+-----+

PS.: For Spark 3.0.0, the string format has changed. The date conversion should use the string "d MMMM yyyy" (one less M), as it is documented here.
Chart
To draw a line chart, you could use Pandas and matplotlib:
pdf = (
    df.select(
        sf.to_date("date", "d MMMMM yyyy").alias("new_date"),
        "date",
        "count",
    )
    .orderBy("new_date")
    .toPandas()
)

pdf.plot.line(x="new_date", y="count")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Alternatively fueled inspiration
JUNE 28 — Three Australians helped raise money for charity by sailing a 30-foot boat made of empty beer cans down the BrisbaneRiver.
The men set off from the town of Karalee, southwest of Brisbane, Australia, and finished three days later at a naval barracks at the mouth of the river, news reports say. The project began as a creative way to recycle the cans.
"We were just sitting around in our shed drinking beer and wondering what we could do with all the cans," one of the men says in a news report. They used more than a dozen cartons of silicone and about 8,000 empty cans to build the boat.
The men decided to build a boat made of cans after seeing footage of a local race called the Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta. Then, in January, a 10-week-old daughter of one of the men died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The men decided to make stops along their journey to collect money — nearly $60,000 — to donate to the SIDS and Kidsfoundation.
Despite suffering a few dented cans along the way, the men say the boat held up well during their voyage. "Quite a bit of research went into it," one man says in a report. "While it doesn't go a million miles an hour, it is relaxing when you're sailing along."
— Jason Fell
An alternative to ownership
Inspiration for an adventure
Maine coastline inspires artist's work
Inspiration by Stormy Weather
A sampling of fuel additives
Inspiration found on Long Island Sound
Is 'renewable diesel' an alternative to fossil fuel?


text:
Markets & Services
Drinking Water Distribution
One-Pagers
Hobart, IN
Melissa Mitchell Honored with President's Award
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Posted by Seth Morin on January 29th, 2019 @ 2:21pm
Wessler is pleased to announce that Melissa Mitchell, MSHRM, has been awarded the company's prestigious Presidents Award!
The award was started by CEO Marty Wessler, P.E., in 2000 to recognize staff for their "going above and beyond" in their work performance and dedication to the staff, company and clients.
Melissa is the Vice President of Administration with more than ten years of professional experience in employee relations. She is responsible for developing, implementing and coordinating personnel policies and programs affecting employment, recruitment and staffing, personnel administration and research, employee relations, and general human resource administration.
"Melissa has been phenomenal in everything she has done for the company," said President Brent Siebenthal, P.E. "She's been great at managing employee relationships, recruiting and hiring the right people, maintaining morale, acquiring the best benefits and more. She's the oil that keeps the business running and the glue that keeps the company together."
317-788-4551 (HQ)
© Copyright 2023 Wessler Engineering. All rights reserved.
News: Congratulations to Our 2023 Promotees!


The world's provisions and satisfactions are only temporary. Jesus lives in us and gives us the Holy Spirit and God's Word. These meet our spiritual needs forever, not temporarily.
If my joy is waning or my satisfaction is low, think about which source I am looking to meet my needs. Put my attention on the Lord, who gives me joy, strength, peace, and rest.
Lord, I love you and put my trust in You. I look to You for my joy, strength, peace, provision, and rest. Thank you for satisfying me in ways that earthly provisions or treasures cannot. Please continue to draw me to You and to the path You have laid out for me. Help me not to veer away or look to earthly sources for my joy, strength, peace, provision, and rest. Thank you for Your Word, for the Holy Spirit, and for living in me.
I'm a big fan of practicing daily time in the Bible and prayer using the S.O.A.P. method. It has become an instrumental part of my personal spiritual growth.
Scripture quotations marked NLT are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations marked (ESV) are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture taken from The Message. Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002. Used by permission of NavPress Publishing Group.


A sum of women's salary must go into buying a life insurance policy. They can claim tax benefits against it under section 80(C) of Income Tax Act. There are so many benefits attached with life insurance policies: life cover, investments, savings, child education planning, life stage planning and even retirement planning.
Should you invest in small finance bank FDs to earn higher rates?
Financial planning is important for everyone, but more so for women as their life expectancy is longer than of men even as they earn less than them due to the gender pay gap at most workplaces. A working woman should start tax planning right when she starts her first job to accumulate enough corpus by the time she retires. In most instances, women take a mid-career break to look after their children. This break means no salary for those many months. This should also be taken into account while planning finances.
1) Life insurance: A sum of women's salary must go into buying a life insurance policy. They can claim tax benefits against it under section 80(C) of Income Tax Act. There are so many benefits attached with life insurance policies: life cover, investments, savings, child education planning, life stage planning and even retirement planning.
2) Health insurance: Women must buy a health insurance policy of at least Rs 5-10 lakh coverage to minimise their healthcare expenses . The tax benefit can be claimed under section 80(D) of Income Tax Act.
3) Education loan: Single women willing to pursue higher education should take education loan. The interest paid on education loan is allowed as a deduction from the total income under section 80E. However, the deduction is provided only for interest part of the EMI. The loan can be taken for the education of self, spouse or children.
4) Home loan: Home loans in India offer tax benefits that can significantly reduce tax outgo. Following deductions can be claimed on Home Loan: Deduction for interest Paid on Housing Loan, Deduction on Principal repayment, Deduction For Stamp Duty and Registration Charges, Deduction for first time Home Buyers and Deduction for Joint Home Loan.
5) Section 80 (C) benefits: Section 80C of the Income Tax Act allows for a deduction of up to Rs 1,50,000 for investing in tax-saving options. These options include Public Provident Fund (PPF), Employee Provident Fund (EPF), Equity-linked Saving Schemes (ELSS), and Life insurance etc. Life insurance, we have already covered. Those who have a girl child under 10 years can benefit from the recently launched Sukanya Samridhi Yojana.


Fast. Limit 1 Composure in play.
Non-direct horror must be assigned to Combat Training before it can be assigned to your investigator card.
Echoes of the Past #107.
I find that use is a bit too conditional, but then again so are the new "composure" cards.
The 1 horror shield perk is not terrible but guardians have better ways to shield/prevent/heal horror. The 1 exp cost makes it inferior for this use.
A rich Zoey might benefit from it under certain cicumstances but it's a bit of a head scratcher for Mark and Roland who are not usually resource-plenty. But even with Zoey, and it likely won't survive too long in your play area for you to benefit from it consistently. Mark can use Sophie to buff himself far more reliably and without resource cost.
The fast trait and cheap cost are the evident advantages compared to Physical Training if you're hoping to buff your combat skill. No willpower option however, for which a buff is always handy.
Also, correct me if I'm wrong, assets can only be played during your turn, so you cannot surprise-buff your agility for an encounter card agility test (because when are you buffing your combat during Mythos anyhow?) That means you need to have it played beforehand, adding more to its chances of a premature break.
The slot in your deck is probably better spent on other cards. Likely you'll just commit it than spend two resources to play and trigger.


text:
Police probing arson attempt at Akamas forest
4th Music vs Racism Festival
Ceramic Waves Exhibition at Almyra
The best ways to serve and enjoy ouzo
MED7 express support and solidarity to Cyprus on Turkey's illegal actions in EEZ
Edited by Stelios Marathovouniotis
Leaders of the southern EU member states, who met in Valletta, on Friday, in the context of a MED7 Summit, expressed both in the Valletta Declaration and their statements their support and solidarity towards the Republic of Cyprus and its sovereign rights within its Exclusive Economic Zone and over the situation with Turkey's illegal actions in it.
During his statement, Cyprus President Nicos Anastasiades thanked his counterparts and said "the goal is for the EU and our partners to make the most of all diplomatic means and influence in order for illegal activities to end immediately."
In their Declaration the MED7 express their "deep regret that Turkey has not responded to the European Union's repeated calls condemning Turkey's illegal continued actions in the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea and express serious concern over actual or potential drilling activities within Cyprus' EEZ."
"We ask the European Union to remain seized on the matter and, in case Turkey does not cease its illegal activities, to consider appropriate measures in full solidarity with Cyprus," they note.
In a statement during a joint press conference by the seven southern EU member states leaders, Malta's Prime Minister and host Joseph Muscat said that "we have made it very clear that we give our total support to our Cypriot friends on recurrent issues and that this support is unwavering."
In his statement French President Emmanuel Macron reiterated "once more full support to Cyprus and respect to its sovereignty." Turkey, Macron said, "should cease its illegal activities within Cyprus' EEZ", adding that the EU will not show any weakness on the matter.
On his part Greece's Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras said that during the summit they all agreed that "this matter is not a bilateral matter between Cyprus and Turkey." Matters which come up between Greece and Turkey are possibly also not bilateral, they are matters between Turkey and Europe and they should be dealt with as such, he added.
"I consider the clear message we convey today that eh Eu should examine and take specific measures if Turkey does not stop its illegal activity extremely important," Tsipras noted.
Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte also conveyed "our support and full help to the Cyprus government." "Cyprus is completely entitled to economic measures to protect its resources in its EEZ," he said speaking through an interpreter.
Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez also noted solidarity and support to the government of Cyprus regarding oil protection as regards Turkey.
Porutguese President Antonio Costa expressed unwavering solidarity and support towards Cyprus and its sovereign rights.
In his statement, President Anastasiades thanked the leaders of the summit "for their firm support on the Republic of Cyprus' inalienable right to exercise its sovereign rights within its EEZ and in particular on their unanimous expression of dissatisfaction and condemnation of the violation of international law, the law of the sea on the part of Turkey."
He said he briefed the MED7 on "Turkey's provocative activities which unfortunately have escalated in recent weeks with unheard of violations of international and European law and the Law of the Sea."
Behaviours, President Anastasiades added, which are contrary to the principles and values of the EU, particularly if the country which violates them is none other than Turkey a candidate for EU accession.
He also said that he briefed his counterparts on recent developments on the Cyprus problem, thanked them for their long-standing principled position on the effort to reach a viable and functional solution on the basis of relevant UN Security Council resolutions, and EU fundamental principles.
Despite all that is going on within the Republic of Cyprus' EEZ, President Anastasiades said, "I wish to reiterated our determination for the creation of those conditions which will allow us through dialogue to reach a lasting, viable and functional solution."
The Valletta Declaration
Among other things, the Valletta Declaration expresses full support and solidarity to the Republic of Cyprus, deep regret that Turkey has not responded to the EU's repeated calls, condemning Turkey's illegal continued actions in the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean sea and ask the EU to remain seized on the matter and in case Turkey does not cease its illegal activities to consider appropriate measures in full solidarity with Cyprus.
"We reiterate our full support and solidarity with the Republic of Cyprus in exercising its sovereign rights to explore, exploit and develop its natural resources within its EEZ, in line with EU and international law," it reads.
It continues noting that "in line with previous Council and European Council Conclusions, we recall Turkey's obligation to respect international law and good neighbourly relations."
"We express our deep regret that Turkey has not responded to the European Union's repeated calls condemning Turkey's illegal continued actions in the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea and express serious concern over actual or potential drilling activities within Cyprus' EEZ," the MED7 state.
"We call on Turkey to fulfil its obligations under the negotiation framework including the full non-discriminatory implementation of the additional protocol to the association agreement towards all Member States," the Declaration adds.
It also reiterates that that "recognition of all Member States is essential." In this regard, "we reiterate our call on Turkey to normalise relations with Cyprus," it reads.
(Cyprus News Agency)
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Bouli Hadjioannou


There were amendments to this bill that basically did the following (This amendment would keep the necessary disturbance exemption and require all applicants for necessary disturbances to apply in writing to DPZ). Go take a look at the bill to view the full details of all amendments.
The votes have not been update on the County Council page for this bill…but it passed 5 – 0.
Last night the County Council voted on a number of bills and resolutions, and two of those bills came from District 1. CB-3 was tabled, and CB-4 passed with significant amendment.
"Tonight is not the first night that this Council has voted on a bill. We did that last month, and we did that to approve the County's Hazard Mitigation Plan. Attached to that plan was something most important to District 1—but I'm sure has relevance to each of our districts: its flood mitigation actions.
#1 on that list of flood mitigation actions was to enforce our land development regulations, particularly as they pertain to streams, wetlands, and steep slopes. CB-4 was intended to do just a little bit more, to move out into the daylight the waiver process [and] those protections that we should be enforcing to do more to mitigate flooding.
Thank you, thank you to everyone who testified in support of both bills and worked towards their passage. We will do more, better and together, and soon.
Time will tell on CB3…I will see what happens with it and if it comes back or comes back significantly changed (amended) and moves forward.
There was good news from the meeting on the 4th…Steve Hunt received 5 yes votes on this resolution (Howard County Council – CR8-2019 – Reappointing Steven Hunt to the Board of Appeals)….congrats Steve.
There are some new bills out there now…nothing ground breaking based on my quick review…but I will continue to track important legislation before the council. Have something I should be watching closely…drop me a line.


I once read a newspaper headline that made me chuckle: "Red Lipstick Empowers Women." The caption, coupled with a photo of Marilyn Monroe wearing a white flowing dress and painted crimson lips, made me think that perhaps I'd found the answer to the discipline problems with my elementary students. That's been my problem all along — I've been wearing champagne pink!
Wouldn't it be wonderful if changing lipstick was all it took to become more effective and empowered in handling discipline problems with children?
While child psychologist Dr. Kevin Leman is an out-of-the-box parenting problem solver who might buy into the lipstick method if it worked, Dr. Leman instead teaches parents about the effective "Reality Discipline." This clever method of getting little "ankle biters" to obey is less exhausting and more successful than ranting, raving, blaming, pleading, begging or threatening.
The first thing to remember about Reality Discipline is that you want your children to learn to think for themselves and learn to become more responsible through guidance and action-oriented techniques. In an article from First Things First, Dr. Leman says, "Action-oriented discipline is based on the reality that there are times when you have to pull the rug out and let the little buzzards tumble. I mean disciplining your children in such a way that he/she accepts responsibility and learns accountability for his actions." Here's an example.
When my brother was in high school, my mother implemented Reality Discipline without realizing it. My little brother, Gannon, could sleep through a tornado (or a hurricane or tsunami) and my mother was tired of waking him up every morning and saying, "You'd better hurry, or you're going to miss the bus." Finally, Mom thought, I'm not waking him up anymore. He can be late. Just as she suspected, Gannon did miss the bus and was forced to walk the mile to school. Much to my mother's delight, he was never late again. She didn't have to beg, plead, give him ultimatums or nag Gannon one more time. Instead, she let reality do the discipline.
One afternoon, I had the privilege of listening to Dr. Leman explain on the radio how reality discipline teaches responsibility. He told an engaging story about a mother whose preschool son was driving her bananas because every day when she stopped to pick him up from preschool, he ran from her on the playground. She felt like a fool for being outrun by a preschooler while teachers and parents looked on. Desperate, she asked Dr. Leman for advice.
Dr. Leman suggested that if her son ran from her next time, she should ask another adult on the playground if they would be kind enough to keep an eye on her son for a few minutes. Then she should drive away, go to the nearest ice cream shop, purchase a cone for herself and drive back to the school to pick up her son. Then, when her little guy got in the car and asked, "Where's my ice cream?" he told the woman she should cheerfully say, "Well you could have had some ice cream, but you ran away; so I had to go get some alone."
One point for mom; zero for Junior. That's Reality Discipline. No ranting. No raving. No warnings. Just cool, collected action with some quick, clever thinking to make your point loud and clear.
Sounds great, right? Here are some basic principles of Reality Discipline to help you get (and keep) the upper hand with your kids.
In his book Have a New Kid by Friday, Dr. Leman says that the goal of parenting is not to create happy kids; rather, it's to create responsible kids. This means Junior will probably be pretty unhappy that he didn't get an ice cream cone; he may even throw a fit, and rant and rave — but he will become more responsible and respectful. Don't back down, but do stay cool as a cucumber. Remind yourself that it's a battle of the wits and the wills, and you will win.
According to Dr Leman, if you want to use Reality Discipline effectively, you need to know what's important to your child — what really moves him in his reality. Your child may value money, sports, a daily cookie break, staying up late or spending time with friends. Parents who know how to use Reality Discipline make creative connections between bad behavior and discipline through action rather than through warnings, nagging or threats.
For example, suppose you ask your ten-year-old daughter (who loves saving money) to take out the trash. She ignores you, and thirty minutes later the trash is still sitting by the back door. With a little creativity, you decide to implement some Reality Discipline. Instead of reminding your daughter about the trash, you enlist her younger sister to take it out . Then you take some money out of your ten-year-old daughter's allowance and give it to her sister for a job well done. Can you imagine the peace and satisfaction that could come from being such a quick-witted parent?
Note: If you want to use Reality Discipline, you have to listen to your child. Then you'll know what will move him to responsibility. The more you understand what's important to him, the more ammunition you'll have in your arsenal to "train up" your child in the way he should go.
In Have a New Kid by Friday, Dr. Leman writes, "Show me a mean teacher, and I'll show you a good one." If you find that you are a permissive parent who is afraid of "pulling the rug out from under your child" as Dr. Leman suggests, remember that Reality Discipline is not unkind. Instead, when it's motivated by love to help your child mature into a responsible adult, it's a very good gift.


text:
Irina Baronova
Irina Baronova (1919–2008) was one of the three legendary 'baby ballerinas' of the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, who created an international dance sensation in the 1930s and 1940s. Escaping the Russian revolution, Baronova and her family left St Petersburg to live in Bucharest, where she began her dance training, then in Paris. At just eleven years old, she made her debut as a soloist at the Opéra. In 1932, at thirteen, she was engaged by George Balanchine for his Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo. Her skill and extreme youth yielded a marketing coup for the company, capturing the imagination of both the press and public. She danced with the Ballets Russes companies until 1939, performing in Australia in 1938–1939 in productions including Les Sylphides. 'The audiences were absolutely mad about us, we had enormous success and the people were so hospitable and friendly,' she later recalled. From 1941 she appeared with the American Ballet Theatre, as a guest ballerina with other companies, on Broadway and in films. After retiring, she lived in London with her husband, theatrical agent Cecil Tennant, and their children. Urged by Dame Margot Fonteyn, she emerged from retirement to serve on the technical committee of the Royal Academy of Dance and take up teaching. In 1996 she received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award from the Royal Academy of Dance for her outstanding services to ballet. She lived the last eight years of her life in Byron Bay, New South Wales, where she completed her memoirs, Irina: Ballet, Life and Love (2005). The year before she died she worked as a consultant with The Australian Ballet in Melbourne.
Show full biography
Irina Baronova (handing on the baton)
Jenny Sages
Irina Baronova age 88
Handing on the baton
Magazine article by Michael Desmond, 2009
Michael Desmond explores the life of ballerina Irina Baranova through the portrait by Australian artist Jenny Sages.
1 portrait in the collection
Records held at the National Library
portrait.gov.au
Search the website for more mentions of Irina Baronova


text:
A Puzzling Defense of a Failed Policy
The June jobs report looks familiar. In what has become a pattern, the numbers can at best be called disappointing. Another month of high unemployment, little growth, and a recovery stuck in neutral has become the new norm under President Obama's leadership.
In a post on the White House blog, White House Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Krueger tried to make the case for keeping the course and continuing to follow the President's approach.
It's a rather puzzling defense of failed policy. For instance, Mr. Krueger writes:
"It is critical that we continue the policies that build an economy that works for the middle class and makes us stronger and more secure as we dig our way out of the deep hole that was caused by the severe recession"
Perhaps the President's policies aren't "shovel-ready" for the job. With only 80,000 jobs created, June marks the third straight month with growth of less than 100,000. This is not an anomaly. In the past 48 months, only 10 experienced 200,000 or more jobs created. These numbers don't even take into the account those who dropped out of the workforce or who are underemployed. Most economists peg real unemployment near 15 percent of the workforce.
The very next line of Mr. Krueger's post ramps up the head scratching a notch:
"There are no quick fixes to the problems we face that were more than a decade in the making."
That response may have been acceptable to most Americans early in the President's term, but we are halfway through the final year of his first term and still hearing the same excuses. This report marks 41 straight months under President Obama's watch where unemployment has remained over eight percent. The President's policies haven't led to an economic recovery. In fact, despite promises that the "stimulus" would solve our economic woes, his policies have prolonged the recession. Remember, this Administration predicted in 2009 that the "stimulus" would have the unemployment rate around 5.6 percent today. And yet President Obama wants us to give his policies more time.
Mr. Krueger goes on to write:
"Employment is growing but it is not growing fast enough given the jobs deficit caused by the deep recession."
The Administration is right when they say the economy is not growing fast enough, however it is not the "deep recession" that is preventing faster economic growth. It is the President's own policies that are holding back our small businesses, and in turn, hindering job creation. Contrary to what the President recently said, the private sector is not doing "fine." The private sector is struggling in large part because of the President's relentless efforts to pursue policies that do not encourage economic growth.
The final paragraph, however, is where Mr. Krueger really takes a giant leap:
"Therefore, it is important not to read too much into any one monthly report and it is informative to consider each report in the context of other data that are becoming available."
I don't think anyone is reading "too much into any one monthly report." I do fear that this Administration is not reading enough into 41 consecutive dismal reports.
The President needs to stop running the same play. It's not working and he is starting to run out of defenses of this failed policy. Instead, President Obama should work with us to foster an environment that kick starts our economy and puts Americans back to work.
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Increase Trade With African Countries To Create American Jobs
Boozman: Increasing Trade With Africa Means Jobs at Home
Boozman: "Economy Needs Bold Plan Like Jobs Through Growth Act"
"The Jobs Through Growth Act" Would Repeal President Obama's Health Care Law
KUAR Story on "The Jobs Through Growth Act"
Boozman Says Our Economy Needs "The Jobs Through Growth Act"
Protecting Jobs From Burdensome Regulations
Boozman Calls Reid's 'Jobs' Bill "More of the Same"
How To Manufacture Jobs
Help Our Exporters Create More Jobs
Mr. President, let's save thousands of jobs by setting reasonable standards
Talking Jobs and Economic Growth for the Fort Smith Area
Jobs Report Shows Need to Change Course
How the Debt Keeps Our Economy From Creating Jobs
Our Motionless Economy
Blog Job Creation & the Economy
Permalink: https://www.boozman.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2012/7/a puzzling defense of a failed policy


Global warming is caused by air pollution in the atmosphere that is similar to a sheet or a shield, in that the pollution is trapping heat and warmth from the sun. When the atmosphere is full of pollution, there is a constant wrap around the planet trapping heat. The constant heating of the planet has caused temperatures on Earth to increase at the fastest rates ever recorded!... Stop global warming essay - The moves they are stop global warming essay found, indeed. Mayr, u age differences during childhood johnson, and aging. Public funding of state in the synchronization process is one thing, never walks to the problem independently, but turned to the.
How can this technology stop global warming? The answer may be a little indirect, but what the world needs right now is hope. The answer may be a little indirect, but what the world needs right now is hope.
2/02/2007�� Best Answer: Two more suggestions, both things you can write your MP about. First, tell your MP to ask Canada's government to force all oil tar companies to follow strict pollution regulations, with penalties so huge that they'll comply.


text:
package gov.hhs.fha.nhinc.properties;

import gov.hhs.fha.nhinc.util.StringUtil;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

/**
 * @author akong
 *
 */
public class PropertyAccessorFileUtilities {
	private static final Logger LOG = Logger
			.getLogger(PropertyAccessorFileUtilities.class);
	private String propertyFileDirAbsolutePath = "";

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 * @throws PropertyAccessException
	 */
	public PropertyAccessorFileUtilities() {
		checkPropertyFileDir();
	}

	protected void checkPropertyFileDir() {
		propertyFileDirAbsolutePath = System
				.getProperty("nhinc.properties.dir");

		if (propertyFileDirAbsolutePath == null) {
			LOG.error("Unable to determine the path to the configuration files.  "
					+ "Please make sure that the runtime nhinc.properties.dir system property is set to the absolute location "
					+ "of your CONNECT configuration files.");
		} else {
			propertyFileDirAbsolutePath =
					addFileSeparatorSuffix(propertyFileDirAbsolutePath);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This method will return the path to the property files for the currently
	 * running servlet.
	 */
	public String getPropertyFileLocation() {
		return propertyFileDirAbsolutePath;
	}

	public String getPropertyFileLocation(String propertyFile) {
		return propertyFileDirAbsolutePath + propertyFile + ".properties";
	}

	public void setPropertyFileLocation(String propertyFileDirAbsolutePath) {
		this.propertyFileDirAbsolutePath = addFileSeparatorSuffix(propertyFileDirAbsolutePath);
	}

	/**
	 * This method will return the path to the property files for the currently
	 * running servlet.
	 */
	public String getPropertyFileURL() {
		return "file:///" + propertyFileDirAbsolutePath;
	}

	/**
	 * Loads the property file name into an object. Note that the property file
	 * name is assumed to be a properties file and such the extension
	 * (.properties) should not be passed in.
	 *
	 * @param propertyFilename
	 *            - String containing the filename only (no extension)
	 * @return A Properties object containing the contents of the file. If the
	 *         file does not exists, an empty Properties is returned.
	 */
	public Properties loadPropertyFile(String propertyFilename) {
		return loadPropertyFile(new File(
				getPropertyFileLocation(propertyFilename)));
	}

	/**
	 * Loads the property file name into an object.
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	 *         file does not exists, an empty Properties is returned.
	 */
	public Properties loadPropertyFile(File propertyFile) {
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text:
Teams That Make Sense To Trade For Odell Beckham Jr.
Bill Williamson Contributor
I write all things NFL.
PHILADELPHIA, PA - NOVEMBER 25: New York Giants Wide Receiver Odell Beckham Jr. (13) enters the field for warmups before the game between the New York Giants and Philadelphia Eagles on November 25, 2018 at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, PA. (Photo by Kyle Ross/Icon Sportswire via Getty Images)
There is speculation the New York Giants could trade superstar receiver Odell Beckham Jr. this offseason. Beckham signed a mega, a five-year, $90 million contract extension with New York last summer. Beckham is only 26 and has a controlled contract, he would be extremely attractive on the open market.
The majority of the league would likely make a play for Beckham and the Giants would likely secure a major haul for Beckham should they deal him.
We present the teams in alphabetical order:
Arizona: Is OBJ worth the No.1 overall pick in the draft? Well, he'd be a great piece for new coach, offensive guru Kliff Kingsbury. He would also help expedite second-year quarterback Josh Rosen's growth.
Baltimore: Lamar Jackson needs to become a better passer. Beckham would help in that transition on a team that could be a star receiver away from serious contention in the AFC.
Buffalo: The Bills could use a sparkplug for second-year quarterback Josh Allen. Beckham would fit in well.
Carolina: A Cam Newton, Christian McCaffrey and Beckham offense would fill many highlight films for the Panthers.
Chicago: The Bears would be serious Super Bowl contenders if they could swing a trade for Beckham a season after trading for Khalil Mack. The problem is the Bears don't have much salary-cap room and no first-round pick in the next two years because of the Mack deal.
Cleveland: This is one of the most intriguing teams in this hunt. The Browns are aggressive and they have $78 million in cap room. Beckham could truly be the missing piece in Cleveland.
Detroit: The Lions badly need an offensive identity and they need to save Matthew Stafford. Trading for Beckham would go a long way in both areas.
Green Bay: Beckham may be too finicky for the Packers' liking. But an Aaron Rodgers-Beckham pairing would be explosive. The Packers have two first-round picks and plenty of cap room to make this work.
Miami: OBJ in South Beach, what could go wrong? Football wise, it would make sense, though.
New England: The Patriots reportedly previously tried to trade for Beckham. They have a load of draft picks. Bill Belichick is bold enough to try to make this happen.
New York Jets: He would be a gift for Sam Darnold. But would the Giants really trade Beckham to stay in the same stadium? That would be wild.
Oakland: This one makes a lot of sense. The Raiders have three first-round picks, and about $70 million in salary-cap room. This seems like a Jon Gruden move.
San Francisco: They have been reports that the 49ers may make a room for Beckham. The 49ers are aggressive and they have cap room.
Seattle: Russell Wilson deserves someone like Beckham. The Seahawks would be a Super Bowl contender again if they make this move.
Tampa Bay: Bruce Arians was hired to fix Jameis Winston. Adding Beckham would help that cause.
Bill Williamson
I have been a professional sports journalist for almost 29 years. I have been covering the NFL for the past 22 years. I have covered the Seattle Seahawks, Green Bay Pack...


Fallen leaves are hard to come by in the desert, yet Bubby had wished all autumn long for a pile of them to hide in. His wish finally came true during his Thanksgiving visit to Nebraska, where the leaves are delightfully aplenty.
How many bags did you fill with raked leaves this fall?


Journal of Peer Production's issue #9 on "Alternative Internets" is out, and it includes a very diverse list of contributions, which each in their own ways point towards a more democratic and more inclusive Internet.
The issue is available for free here.
All content by JoPP is in the public domain and is available here.


text:
Eutychius The Well-Favored
From Constantinople, through Rus', to America
A Meditation for Holy and Great Friday
A Homily For Holy Friday 2010
Duplicate of A Meditation for Holy and Great Friday 2010
A Meditation for Palm Sunday 2010
A Meditation for Palm Sunday
The Last Words of St. John Chrysostom
The Family and Christian Education
Reflections on the Clergy Wives Retreat
A Journey to Uzhorod
Plain Chant: a Common Inheritance for a Fellowship Renewed
The Son of Man Came to Serve
Preach in Both Seasons
"A Paradigm of the Communion of the Person and Creation"
The Holy Cross - A Sign-Post for the Soul
The Moment When the Prodigal Started Home
Archpastoral Homily For Dormition 2010
Offering Thanks to God On My 75th Birthday
Home » Diocesan Life » Former Ruling Bishops » Metropolitan Nicholas » In His Own Words » Homilies & Addresses » Duplicate of A Meditation for Holy and Great Friday 2010
A Meditation for Holy and Great Friday 2010
Do you not think it amazing how that whenever the Lord Jesus Christ comes into contact with a person, He touches his HEART and SOUL AND TRANSFORMS HIS LIFE? This mystery happened so many times during His earthly ministry of three years. And even at this time as He prepared to be crucified, this marvelous work of transforming lives did not stop; His mission continued to the very end. Just because He was about to die a most gruesome death, there was no reason to stop touching the lives of the people with whom He came into contact - to heal them, to comfort them, to strengthen them, to change their outlook and perspective forever! He affected Pontius Pilate and made him question the motives of the Hebrew people who delivered up our Lord; even more He had an influence on Pilate's wife (Procla, by tradition) who cautioned her husband not to condemn this innocent Man, the God-man. (She became a Christian soon after the Resurrection of Christ and is now ranked among the saints of our Church.) He forgave the sins and saved the soul of a thief who was crucified next to Him after he witnessed the awesome events that were transpiring on that first Good Friday. John, the Beloved Disciple, was commissioned to care for our Lord's Mother, the Theotokos; the Apostle Peter wept bitterly after denying Jesus; a centurion came to believe that He was truly the Son of God, as he witnessed His salvific death.
People come to the Lord in different ways and for different reasons. Some approach honestly, freely, and willingly, seeking the truth. Others have seemingly chance or accidental encounters, and almost quietly and unobtrusively come to know him. Some are simply born into believing families. Still others resist stubbornly and hard-heartedly. And it appears that faith in Christ is thrust upon them. But how can that be? It is true faith and love if someone is forced into it? But if you think carefully about how even we love in our limited capacity, we realize to what lengths we may go to help a loved one who has strayed so far down the wrong paths in life and is in serious trouble. When we care so much and love so much. we do what we must do to help and save those we love. The Lord Himself often works like that. He loves and cares so much; He does not want any soul to be lost; He wants to save each one of us, so much so that He will go to extraordinary lengths to do so. He often needs to save us from ourselves. Sometimes we do need to be forced to what is truly good for us. That is why He sends us bishops and priests, monks and nuns, parents and grandparents and other pious fellow Christians to assist us; to awaken the slothful and the blind in soul. Perhaps this was the situation of the man named Simon of Cyrene, who was pressed into service for the Lord. According to tradition, Simon was a a devout Jew and a farmer in the town of Cyrene, in Egypt, in the Jewish settlement there. He had two sons, Alexander and Rufus. For whatever reason, one day he gathered his family and set off for the great city of his people. He traveled there, found and bought a house, as well as a field near the city. He and his sons worked their field and he provided for his family as we all do. There was nothing extraordinary about him or them. They were like so many other families of that time and place, settling and farming the land.
But one day that was to be changed. Was it chance, or was it really God's will that on that eve of Passover he had gone to work in the field, and that early on the next morning, he happened to encounter that dreadful, somber procession, crowds of idle onlookers, and impassive, unfeeling soldiers who were leading criminals to their execution? Each of the three condemned men had been forced to carry a heavy wooden beam, in chains, and were proceeding to the old stone quarry outside the city, where they were to be executed, by crucifixion, nailed to those crossbeams and then left to die of thirst, loss of blood, and asphyxiation.
As Simon was about to pass by the dreadful and gloomy procession, he noticed that one of the men no longer had the strength to carry His heavy burden. No matter how hard the soldiers struck Him with the swords or whips, He could not take another step. Then one of the soldiers went up to Simon, seized him roughly by the arm and said, "You carry it!" It was useless to resist and instead of returning home, Simon lifted the heavy beam onto his shoulders and walked beside the men condemned to death. While he was walking in this dreary march, it certainly did not occur to him that , from that moment on, he had become a bearer of the Cross of the Lord Jesus Christ, and that by carrying it he would stand together with Him on Golgotha and share His burden. He did not know how much it would change his life.
Not much is known about what happened afterwards, because Simon's name is never again mentioned in Holy Scripture. However, we do know that his sons, Alexander and Rufus, were Christians and were later well-known in the early Church. I think we can safely assume that their father was the first to convert and bring them along with him.
Most assuredly, his life was transformed that day. After that terrible moment when he took the Lord's Cross upon himself, he came to know the truth, and he came to know his Saviour. He experienced walking along side His God, humiliated, blood-stained, bruised, crowned with thorns, in the lowest state of human degradation. At first he must have been appalled at the sight and even recoiled from it. But then he came to realize that this was our Lord and Saviour, and that He had taken upon Himself all of the sins and sufferings of the human race. Even though He was sinless, He still permitted Himself to suffer for our sins.
Simon of Cyrene was the first one to follow the Lord's own command, "Whosoever will come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross." This means "Share with Me My sufferings for the world; share with Me My longing - as the heart of God - to suffer together with the world, to die for the world, and to revive the world." Once again the Lord shows the way and sets the example. And already soon after, a creature obeys Him and also sets the example for us. Each of us is called to carry his burden, his work, and his sorrow, not just patiently bearing it, but also sharing it with the Lord. That is why it is our pious tradition, each of us, clergy and laity alike, to wear the Cross on our bodies, beneath our clothing and perhaps as I and the priests of the Church wear it outwardly. It reminds us to serve our God and Lord and Saviour by serving the world and all mankind!
The one- time terrible sign of the Cross is now become a sign of joy and victory; an instrument of tortuous execution has been turned into the instrument of our salvation. That is why we now adorn it with silver and gold and precious jewels, and show it such honor. And by it, our lives are transformed as was Simon of Cyrene's. As Christ bore His Cross for us, we patiently bear our smaller crosses, and thus share in a small way in His suffering. On this night we HAVE SUFFERED WITH HIM, shortly, we will REJOICE WITH HIM, and in the future we will LIVE AND REIGN WITH HIM FOREVER.
+METROPOLITAN NICHOLAS
Metropolitan Nicholas Photos/Videos
OCF College Conf. East 2015 (1/1/16)
View Live Broadcast of Funeral Services
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Diocesan Tribute on the 25th Anniversary of Episcopal Consecration of Metropolitan Nicholas
Remarks of His Eminence
at His 75th Birthday Party
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This fine art course prepares the next generation of contemporary artists and creative thinkers for their professional practice. This ideas-led, practical course will enable you to explore your ideas through a range of media including painting, sculpture, fine and digital print, installation, performance, fibre/textile, film and video, animation, community engagement and social practice, sound art, book works or any hybrid practices forged by you personally and suited to your expressive needs.
This is further supported by a critical and contextual framework that is tailored to your needs as a maker and creative practitioner.
The course is further enriched by embedded and co-curricular opportunities that includes real world professional experiences to support you to develop your individual practice through public exhibitions, site specific projects, live briefs, and gallery, museum and education placements.
Please note, this course was previously called BA (Hons) Visual Arts.
The BA (Hons) Fine Art programme - formerly BA (Hons) Visual Arts - is a distinctive, contemporary, fine art course promoting an informed approach where theory integrates with practice. It is media independent, enabling you to specialise in any medium or move between and/or combine media of your choice.
You will have a unique experience of the course as you are encouraged to take responsibility and take ownership of your personal learning within a supportive environment.
Our graduates have proven their relevance and expertise in the arts; they are engaged in high profile arts activity nationally and internationally. Others populate artists' studios throughout the UK, as well as progress into teaching or arts administration.
This module will introduce you to a breadth of technical processes to explore and expand your developing studio practice. The module focuses on technical skills acquisition through instructional workshops which offer the opportunity to experiment and explore and ignite interest in new areas of investigation.
During this module you will begin to develop your own visual language within an emerging studio practice, through a greater understanding of the nature of fine art studio practice. It offers the opportunity to gain a greater understanding of your practice and extend your knowledge base of the expanded field of fine art.
This module introduces you to key intellectual movements (such as Classical Culture, Christianity, the Enlightenment, Romanticism, Post-Colonialism) and scholarly personalities (such as Plato, Aquinas, Darwin, Freud and Marx) that have shaped the cultural history we have inherited and which have created the context for the making, understanding and appreciation of art.
This module will further develop your techniques and processes to explore and expand your developing and burgeoning studio practice. The module focuses on technical skills acquisition through instructional workshops which offer additional skills to help support your making and creativity.
During this module you will further develop and build your own studio practice and be offered the opportunity to exhibit work in a professional public setting.
This module explores the histories of contemporary art works and traces their lineage through the experimental practice of Modernism and Post-Modernism.
The purpose of this module is to develop a self-directed studio practice of individual relevance. You will address and explore how to inscribe meaning in your work and how to communicate with an audience.
This module will provide you with the opportunity to research and prepare a live brief in a 'real world' situation that offers a professional development opportunity, whilst critically examining the ways in which visual arts practice is affected by notions of professionalism and allied contextual frameworks.
The module aims to introduce some key methods of visual analysis: semiotics, iconography/iconology, gender, Marxism, non-European aesthetic systems. This module also offers an introduction to key interpretive tools to examine art works/cultural products and contextualise them within broader fields of enquiry.
This module will further develop a focused self-directed studio practice of individual relevance resulting in the production of a body of studio work through appropriate media and discipline areas, underpinned by an ongoing visual research project.
This module will provide you with the opportunity to engage in a live brief in a 'real world' situation that offers a professional development opportunity, whilst critically examining the ways in which visual arts practice is affected by notions of professionalism and allied contextual frameworks.
This module offers an opportunity to explore a debate within the visual arts of personal and individual relevance.
This module offers you the opportunity to pursue an extended programme of individual study enabling you to synthesise your previous learning and to continue to explore and experiment to forge a new body of work that displays a growing maturity.
The purpose of this module is to provide a synthesis of all your previous learning and to offer an opportunity to bring your studio work to a point of professional resolution/consolidation prior to your first major showcase to the general public and creative industries in the Degree Show.
This module prepares students for life after art school and supports the development of a professional development plan, a hard copy portfolio, a digital portfolio, CV, interview skills and enables you to successfully present your work professionally.
There is a variety of methods and approaches involved in the delivery of this course.
Modules are designed to facilitate personal development and continuity. They promote a broad understanding of fine art practice by introducing a diverse range of issues, concepts and approaches. Some modules involve a project, which provides the framework to investigate ideas and issues, utilising an appropriate selection of materials, media and working methods.
External projects offer an opportunity to participate in a professional 'real world' setting outside of the studio environment. External projects are introduced from the outset in year one and students will gain invaluable hands-on experience of real world situations immediately. All modules involve self-directed/student-driven study.
Lectures are used to disseminate a specific body of knowledge. Ideas and issues generated by lectures are elaborated in supporting seminars and/or studio practice. Seminars are a forum for the discussion and debate of ideas. It may be initiated and led by staff or may be focused around a student presentation. Teaching workshops are also used as a means of teaching the specific skills associated with a particular technique or working method, allowing subjects such as stretcher-making and printmaking to be taught within a broadly-based, thematic module.
Critique (crit) sessions are to encourage the examination of work in relation to your peers. Regular individual tutorials allow for a more detailed discussion of work-related issues. They can be either one-to-one or delivered in the form of a group tutorial.
A wide variety of assessment methods are used. For example, studio-based project modules may require the assessment of visual, verbal and written work and on independent artwork whereas theoretical modules will require a written submission.
Graduate Sarah Hardacre has exhibited nationally and internationally in the USA, Germany, Norway and Ireland. Her work is included in the collections of The British Museum, the British Council, the Irish Museum of Contemporary Art, Damien Hirst and private collections worldwide.
Since completing her studies, Laura Robertson has worked as an artist curator at The Royal Standard, an artist led space in Liverpool. She was instrumental in the growing reputation of The Royal Standard which led to it becoming a partner of the Liverpool Biennial in 2012. She has curated major exhibitions and participated in an event with Tate Modern and has also since founded an online arts magazine, The Double Negative, which has a growing reputation and has been featured on BBC Radio and The Guardian.
The course has access to a number of industry standard facilities on site, allowing you to expand on your artistic skills whilst studying here at Salford. All students will receive full inductions by trained workshop technicians, including how to use the machinery safely.
Print Workshop, to support printmaking and how to incorporate print practice and strategies into your own work. Including: Mono-print, dry-point, etching, screen-print, photo-silkscreen, cyanotype, bookworks etc.
3D Workshop for those interested in mixed media pieces or sculpture.
Photography Studio, industry standard photographic studio and infinity room, darkrooms and digital printing facilities.
Digital Rapid Prototyping Workshop, which includes 3D printers, CNC machines, laser cutting, mould-making etc.
Graduates have gone on to pursue careers as artists, lecturers, teachers, arts officers, curators, gallery education officers, art therapists, university/college instructors and demonstrators, and gallerists. Our students are self-motivated self-starters and many have gone on to forge their own businesses and enterprises in a variety of fields. Not all our graduates go on to pursue a career as an artist, though many will pursue careers in the arts.
The fine art course encourages an approach to learning that emphasises resourcefulness, initiative and creativity – transferable skills that enable our graduates to thrive in whatever career path they choose. An art school offers an educative experience like no other and an artist requires self-discipline, project management skills and an ability to work with others. All these skills are developed here at Salford during the course of study. An art education also offers a culturally enriching experience and a portal which can lead to a myriad of other interests.
In recent years our graduates have achieved notable successes in major galleries and museums regionally, nationally and internationally including: The National Gallery (Cape Town, South Africa), Institut d'Art Contemporain (Lyons, France), Irish Museum of Contemporary Art (Dublin), The British Art Show, Liverpool Biennial, Curwen Gallery (London), Cornerhouse (Manchester), the Bluecoat Gallery (Liverpool) and many more.
This course thrives on inviting artists and arts professionals to deliver presentations to our undergraduate and postgraduate students. Most recently this has included Rachel Maclean, Liam Young, Hannah Farrell, Sarah Hardacre and Alan Birch.
All applicants are offered an interview.
At interview we consider personality, portfolio and examples of written work. We also take note of what is disclosed in your reference. Generally though, there are three essential ingredients to the perfect fine art student; enthusiasm, commitment and intellectual curiosity.


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text:
Subway co-founder Peter Buck dead at 90
Cynthia Lopez
Peter Buck — a nuclear physicist who lent his friend's son $1,000 to start a sandwich shop in 1965 and became a billionaire as it grew into the giant Subway Restaurants chain — has died, The Post has learned.
Buck, who according to sources had been ill for some time, died at Danbury Hospital in Connecticut on Thursday, Subway confirmed. He was 90.
That means both co-founders of the 56-year-old chain have passed. Fred DeLuca, who as a teenager had taken Buck's loan and turned a single shop in Bridgeport, Conn., into one of the world's biggest fast-food empires, ran Subway almost until the time he died of leukemia in 2015.
The chain's corporate parent is called Doctor's Associates, in reference to Buck, who earned a doctorate in physics. By 1973, the duo had 16 locations throughout Connecticut and, in 1974, they began franchising the chain, Subway said.
What had started as a business venture to help the young DeLuca pay for college became a chain that currently operates nearly 40,000 restaurants worldwide.
The Subway Restaurants chain, which started with a single store in Bridgeport, Conn., now spans nearly 40,000 locations worldwide.
Bloomberg via Getty Images
Buck's net worth is estimated by Forbes at $1.7 billion. Buck used some of his fortune to buy timberland. He owned 1.2 million square miles of forest in Maine, Subway said. Over the past five years, Buck has donated $216 million toward his PCLB Foundation, which supports organizations that focus on family issues, according to Forbes.
Buck leaves behind his sons Christopher and William, daughters-in-law April and Hara, and grandchildren Sam, Emily, Oliver, Simon and James.
Buck was believed to share 50-50 ownership of Subway with DeLuca's widow, Elisabeth.
"We are deeply saddened by the passing of one of Subway's founders, Dr. Peter Buck," Subway chief executive John Chidsey said in a statement. "He was a shining example of a dedicated, hands-on leader, and an integral member of the Subway family."
Subway Restaurants was believed to be 50 percent owned by Buck, with Fred DeLuca's widow, Elisabeth, controlling the other half.
Buck was born on Dec. 19, 1930, in South Portland, Maine. He graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, in 1952, and earned master's degree and doctorate in physics at Columbia University.
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