text:
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called arcus functions, antitrigonometric functions or cyclometric functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions (with suitably restricted domains). Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle from any of the angle's trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.

Notation

Several notations for the inverse trigonometric functions exist. The most common convention is to name inverse trigonometric functions using an arc- prefix: , , , etc. (This convention is used throughout this article.)  This notation arises from the following geometric relationships:
when measuring in radians, an angle of θ radians will correspond to an arc whose length is rθ, where r is the radius of the circle. Thus in the unit circle, "the arc whose cosine is x" is the same as "the angle whose cosine is x", because the length of the arc of the circle in radii is the same as the measurement of the angle in radians. In computer programming languages, the inverse trigonometric functions are often called by the abbreviated forms asin, acos, atan.

The notations , , , etc., as introduced by John Herschel in 1813, are often used as well in English-language sources, much more than the also established , , ,—conventions consistent with the notation of an inverse function, that is useful e.g. to define the multivalued version of each inverse trigonometric function: e.g. . However, this might appear to conflict logically with the common semantics for expressions such as  (although only , without parentheses, is the really common one), which refer to numeric power rather than function composition, and therefore may result in confusion between multiplicative inverse or reciprocal and compositional inverse. The confusion is somewhat mitigated by the fact that each of the reciprocal trigonometric functions has its own name—for example,  = . Nevertheless, certain authors advise against using it for its ambiguity. Another precarious convention used by a tiny number of authors is to use an uppercase first letter, along with a  superscript: , , , etc.  Although its intention is to avoid confusion with the multiplicative inverse, which should be represented by , , etc., or, better, by , , etc., it in turn creates yet another major source of ambiguity: especially in light of the fact that many popular high-level programming languages (e.g. Wolfram's Mathematica, and University of Sydney's MAGMA) use those very same capitalised representations for the standard trig functions; whereas others (Python (ie SymPy and NumPy), Matlab, MAPLE etc) use lower-case.

Hence, since 2009, the ISO 80000-2 standard has specified solely the "arc" prefix for the inverse functions.

Basic concepts

Principal values
Since none of the six trigonometric functions are one-to-one, they must be restricted in order to have inverse functions. Therefore, the result ranges of the inverse functions are proper (i.e. strict) subsets of the domains of the original functions.

For example, using  in the sense of multivalued functions, just as the square root function  could be defined from  the function  is defined so that  For a given real number  with  there are multiple (in fact, countably infinitely many) numbers  such that ; for example,  but also   etc. When only one value is desired, the function may be restricted to its principal branch. With this restriction, for each  in the domain, the expression  will evaluate only to a single value, called its principal value. These properties apply to all the inverse trigonometric functions.

The principal inverses are listed in the following table.

Note: Some authors  define the range of arcsecant to be , because the tangent function is nonnegative on this domain. This makes some computations more consistent. For example, using this range,  whereas with the range , we would have to write  since tangent is nonnegative on  but nonpositive on  For a similar reason, the same authors define the range of arccosecant to be  or

If  is allowed to be a complex number, then the range of  applies only to its real part.

Solutions to elementary trigonometric equations

Each of the trigonometric functions is periodic in the real part of its argument, running through all its values twice in each interval of :

 Sine and cosecant begin their period at  (where  is an integer), finish it at  and then reverse themselves over  to
 Cosine and secant begin their period at  finish it at  and then reverse themselves over  to
 Tangent begins its period at   finishes it at  and then repeats it (forward) over  to
 Cotangent begins its period at  finishes it at  and then repeats it (forward) over  to

This periodicity is reflected in the general inverses, where  is some integer.

The following table shows how inverse trigonometric functions may be used to solve equalities involving the six standard trigonometric functions.
It is assumed that the given values     and  all lie within appropriate ranges so that the relevant expressions below are well-defined.
Note that "for some " is just another way of saying "for some integer "

The symbol  is logical equality.  The expression "LHS  RHS" indicates that  (a) the left hand side (i.e. LHS) and right hand side (i.e. RHS) are  true, or else (b) the left hand side and right hand side are  false; there is  option (c) (e.g. it is  possible for the LHS statement to be true and also simultaneously for the RHS statement to false), because otherwise "LHS  RHS" would not have been written (see this footnote for an example illustrating this concept).

For example, if  then  for some  While if  then  for some  where  will be even if  and it will be odd if  The equations  and  have the same solutions as  and  respectively. In all equations above  for those just solved (i.e. except for / and /), the integer  in the solution's formula is uniquely determined by  (for fixed  and ).

Detailed example and explanation of the "plus or minus" symbol

The solutions to  and  involve the "plus or minus" symbol  whose meaning is now clarified. Only the solution to  will be discussed since the discussion for  is the same.
We are given  between  and we know that there is an angle  in some interval that satisfies  We want to find this  The table above indicates that the solution is

which is a shorthand way of saying that (at least) one of the following statement is true:
 for some integer  or
 for some integer
As mentioned above, if  (which by definition only happens when ) then both statements (1) and (2) hold, although with different values for the integer : if  is the integer from statement (1), meaning that  holds, then the integer  for statement (2) is  (because ).
However, if  then the integer  is unique and completely determined by
If   (which by definition only happens when ) then  (because  and  so in both cases  is equal to ) and so the statements (1) and (2) happen to be identical in this particular case (and so both hold).
Having considered the cases  and  we now focus on the case where  and  So assume this from now on. The solution to  is still

which as before is shorthand for saying that one of statements (1) and (2) is true. However this time, because  and  statements (1) and (2) are different and furthermore, exactly one of the two equalities holds (not both). Additional information about  is needed to determine which one holds. For example, suppose that  and that  that is known about  is that  (and nothing more is known). Then

and moreover, in this particular case  (for both the  case and the  case) and so consequently,

This means that  could be either  or  Without additional information it is not possible to determine which of these values  has.
An example of some additional information that could determine the value of  would be knowing that the angle is above the -axis (in which case ) or alternatively, knowing that it is below the -axis (in which case ).

Transforming equations

The equations above can be transformed by using the reflection and shift identities:

These formulas imply, in particular, that the following hold:

where swapping  swapping  and swapping  gives the analogous equations for  respectively.

So for example, by using the equality  the equation  can be transformed into  which allows for the solution to the equation  (where ) to be used; that solution being:

which becomes:

where using the fact that  and substituting  proves that another solution to  is:

The substitution  may be used express the right hand side of the above formula in terms of  instead of

Equal identical trigonometric functions

Relationships between trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions

Trigonometric functions of inverse trigonometric functions are tabulated below. A quick way to derive them is by considering the geometry of a right-angled triangle, with one side of length 1 and another side of length  then applying the Pythagorean theorem and definitions of the trigonometric ratios. Purely algebraic derivations are longer. It is worth noting that for arcsecant and arccosecant, the diagram assumes that  is positive, and thus the result has to be corrected through the use of absolute values and the signum (sgn) operation.

Relationships among the inverse trigonometric functions

Complementary angles:

Negative arguments:

Reciprocal arguments:

Useful identities if one only has a fragment of a sine table:

Whenever the square root of a complex number is used here, we choose the root with the positive real part (or positive imaginary part if the square was negative real).

A useful form that follows directly from the table above is

.

It is obtained by recognizing that .

From the half-angle formula, , we get:

Arctangent addition formula

This is derived from the tangent addition formula

by letting

In calculus

Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions

The derivatives for complex values of z are as follows:

Only for real values of x:

For a sample derivation: if , we get:

Expression as definite integrals
Integrating the derivative and fixing the value at one point gives an expression for the inverse trigonometric function as a definite integral:

When x equals 1, the integrals with limited domains are improper integrals, but still well-defined.

Infinite series
Similar to the sine and cosine functions, the inverse trigonometric functions can also be calculated using power series, as follows. For arcsine, the series can be derived by expanding its derivative, , as a binomial series, and integrating term by term (using the integral definition as above). The series for arctangent can similarly be derived by expanding its derivative  in a geometric series, and applying the integral definition above (see Leibniz series).

Series for the other inverse trigonometric functions can be given in terms of these according to the relationships given above.  For example, , , and so on.  Another series is given by:

Leonhard Euler found a series for the arctangent that converges more quickly than its Taylor series:

(The term in the sum for n = 0 is the empty product, so is 1.)

Alternatively, this can be expressed as

Another series for the arctangent function is given by

where  is the imaginary unit.

Continued fractions for arctangent
Two alternatives to the power series for arctangent are these generalized continued fractions:

The second of these is valid in the cut complex plane. There are two cuts, from −i to the point at infinity, going down the imaginary axis, and from i to the point at infinity, going up the same axis. It works best for real numbers running from −1 to 1. The partial denominators are the odd natural numbers, and the partial numerators (after the first) are just (nz)2, with each perfect square appearing once. The first was developed by Leonhard Euler; the second by Carl Friedrich Gauss utilizing the Gaussian hypergeometric series.

Indefinite integrals of inverse trigonometric functions

For real and complex values of z:

For real x ≥ 1:

For all real x not between -1 and 1:

The absolute value is necessary to compensate for both negative and positive values of the arcsecant and arccosecant functions. The signum function is also necessary due to the absolute values in the derivatives of the two functions, which create two different solutions for positive and negative values of x. These can be further simplified using the logarithmic definitions of the inverse hyperbolic functions:

The absolute value in the argument of the arcosh function creates a negative half of its graph, making it identical to the signum logarithmic function shown above.

All of these antiderivatives can be derived using integration by parts and the simple derivative forms shown above.

Example
Using  (i.e. integration by parts), set

Then

which by the simple substitution  yields the final result:

Extension to complex plane

Since the inverse trigonometric functions are analytic functions, they can be extended from the real line to the complex plane. This results in functions with multiple sheets and branch points. One possible way of defining the extension is:

where the part of the imaginary axis which does not lie strictly between the branch points (−i and +i) is the branch cut between the principal sheet and other sheets. The path of the integral must not cross a branch cut. For z not on a branch cut, a straight line path from 0 to z is such a path. For z on a branch cut, the path must approach from  for the upper branch cut and from  for the lower branch cut.

The arcsine function may then be defined as:

where (the square-root function has its cut along the negative real axis and) the part of the real axis which does not lie strictly between −1 and +1 is the branch cut between the principal sheet of arcsin and other sheets;

which has the same cut as arcsin;

which has the same cut as arctan;

where the part of the real axis between −1 and +1 inclusive is the cut between the principal sheet of arcsec and other sheets;

which has the same cut as arcsec.

Logarithmic forms
These functions may also be expressed using complex logarithms. This extends their domains to the complex plane in a natural fashion. The following identities for principal values of the functions hold everywhere that they are defined, even on their branch cuts.

Generalization

Because all of the inverse trigonometric functions output an angle of a right triangle, they can be generalized by using Euler's formula to form a right triangle in the complex plane. Algebraically, this gives us:

or

where  is the adjacent side,  is the opposite side, and  is the hypotenuse. From here, we can solve for .

or

Simply taking the imaginary part works for any real-valued  and , but if  or  is complex-valued, we have to use the final equation so that the real part of the result isn't excluded. Since the length of the hypotenuse doesn't change the angle, ignoring the real part of  also removes  from the equation. In the final equation, we see that the angle of the triangle in the complex plane can be found by inputting the lengths of each side. By setting one of the three sides equal to 1 and one of the remaining sides equal to our input , we obtain a formula for one of the inverse trig functions, for a total of six equations. Because the inverse trig functions require only one input, we must put the final side of the triangle in terms of the other two using the Pythagorean Theorem relation

The table below shows the values of a, b, and c for each of the inverse trig functions and the equivalent expressions for  that result from plugging the values into the equations above and simplifying.

In order to match the principal branch of the natural log and square root functions to the usual principal branch of the inverse trig functions, the particular form of the simplified formulation matters. The formulations given in the two rightmost columns assume  and . To match the principal branch  and  to the usual principal branch of the inverse trig functions, subtract  from the result  when .

In this sense, all of the inverse trig functions can be thought of as specific cases of the complex-valued log function. Since these definition work for any complex-valued , the definitions allow for hyperbolic angles as outputs and can be used to further define the inverse hyperbolic functions. Elementary proofs of the relations may also proceed via expansion to exponential forms of the trigonometric functions.

Example proof

Using the exponential definition of sine, and letting

(the positive branch is chosen)

Applications

Finding the angle of a right triangle

Inverse trigonometric functions are useful when trying to determine the remaining two angles of a right triangle when the lengths of the sides of the triangle are known. Recalling the right-triangle definitions of sine and cosine, it follows that

Often, the hypotenuse is unknown and would need to be calculated before using arcsine or arccosine using the Pythagorean Theorem:  where  is the length of the hypotenuse. Arctangent comes in handy in this situation, as the length of the hypotenuse is not needed.

For example, suppose a roof drops 8 feet as it runs out 20 feet. The roof makes an angle θ with the horizontal, where θ may be computed as follows:

In computer science and engineering

Two-argument variant of arctangent

The two-argument atan2 function computes the arctangent of y / x given y and x, but with a range of (−, ]. In other words, atan2(y, x) is the angle between the positive x-axis of a plane and  the point (x, y) on it, with positive sign for counter-clockwise angles (upper half-plane, y > 0), and negative sign for clockwise angles (lower half-plane, y < 0). It was first introduced in many computer programming languages, but it is now also common in other fields of science and engineering.

In terms of the standard arctan function, that is with range of (−, ), it can be expressed as follows:

It also equals the principal value of the argument of the complex number x + iy.

This limited version of the function above may also be defined using the tangent half-angle formulae as follows:

provided that either x > 0 or y ≠ 0. However this fails if given x ≤ 0 and y = 0 so the expression is unsuitable for computational use.

The above argument order (y, x) seems to be the most common, and in particular is used in ISO standards such as the C programming language, but a few authors may use the opposite convention (x, y) so some caution is warranted.  These variations are detailed at atan2.

Arctangent function with location parameter
In many applications the solution  of the equation  is to come as close as possible to a given value . The adequate solution is produced by the parameter modified arctangent function

The function  rounds to the nearest integer.

Numerical accuracy

For angles near 0 and , arccosine is ill-conditioned, and similarly with arcsine for angles near −/2 and /2.  Computer applications thus need to consider the stability of inputs to these functions and the sensitivity of their calculations, or use alternate methods.

See also

Arcsine distribution
Inverse exsecant
Inverse versine
Inverse hyperbolic functions
List of integrals of inverse trigonometric functions
List of trigonometric identities
Trigonometric function
Trigonometric functions of matrices

Notes

References

External links

Trigonometry
Elementary special functions
Mathematical relations
Ratios
Dimensionless numbers


Jennifer Lawrence Tells Emma Stone She Really Wanted Her Part in Easy A"Well, guess what? You didn't get it," said Emma Stone.
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Amanda Bynes Has 'Retired' From ActingAn industry mourns.
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Lisa Kudrow, Patricia Clarkson, and Thomas Haden Church Get an APlus: Mary-Kate Olsen, Patrick Swayze, and Black Panthers.
Green Day Hit a Different Kind of StagePlus: a dating show for the rest of us.
David Duchovny and Tea Leoni Are 'Born to Rock'Plus: You'll never believe what movie DreamWorks is preparing a sequel for. Well, you might guess.


Published in India's Spiritual Destiny: Its Inevitability and Potentiality, 2006. Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Society. Chapter 2, pp. 24-44.
This important essay will be presented in three parts. We start with Part 1 today. Parts 2 and 3 will be posted in the next two days.
When the Soviet Union disintegrated some years ago, Francis Fukuyama, a political scientist, interpreted this as the "the end of History." By this he meant that liberal democracy with the United States as its flag-bearer had ultimately triumphed over rival ideologies like monarchy, fascism and now even communism. This was therefore the endpoint of mankind's ideological evolution. But the United States is a superpower in the outer world only since its wealth hides a spiritual poverty and growing psychological and social unrest. We are living in a spiritually troubled age and no mere technological superpower can properly guide our world; it would also require the collaboration or the guidance of a spiritual superpower to do this. India has the potential to be this spiritual superpower, but it would require great effort on its part to realise this potential. The question is whether the country and its leaders are willing to make this effort. I see two choices before India at the beginning of the 21st century; either India remains true to its genius and rises from its present state of being an intelligent camp-follower of the West to become a spiritual power-house, in Sri Aurobindo's words "the guru of the nations." If it becomes camp-follower, no matter how flourishing, it will cease to be India.
India has become free politically but the history of the last fifty [sic] years shows that we continue to be a colony of the West, intellectually and culturally. The Indian psyche has been so badly decimated by colonialism that we have lost confidence in ourselves and give the impression of being alike an adolescent who is yet uncertain about his identity. But the fact is that we are among the oldest civilisations in the world with an unbroken tradition that goes back to at least nine thousand years.
The greatest obstacle to our progress today is the negative self-image we have of our country and its civilisation. Our intelligentsia is suffering from a defeatist mentality and we are convinced that our best strategy for survival is to hang on to the apron strings of the West, intellectually and culturally. This mindless imitation of the West seems to me nothing short of suicidal.
The model of history which still lingers in our history books, now written by leftist historians, may be called the "invasion theory" of Indian history, which assumes that India has been a passive unchanging entity which has undergone changes only when motivated by outside forces in the form of active aggressors. Now it is of course true that India was invaded over the course of its long history, usually from the interior of Asia. But this is a pattern seen throughout Eurasia, in which sedentary agricultural societies situated along the coasts or along the river valleys were periodically invaded by nomadic tribes from the interior. It is unlikely that India suffered invasions with any greater frequency than, say, China. We at least had a natural barrier in our Himalayas and the Hindukush mountains; China had no such natural protection and so the Chinese spent incredible time and energy constructing a series of walls and guard posts. But ultimately no barrier remains impermeable. The point is that there is no good reason to particularly dwell on invasions as a motivating force in Indian history.
Much has happened during the last few decades that simply negates the assumptions that were at the basis of the theory of Aryan invasions in 1500 BC. Archeological digs have confirmed that the Saraswati river flowed down to the sea parallel to the modern day Indus, before a major earthquake in about 1900 BC robbed it of its two tributaries, the Satluj and the Yamuna, which were captured by the Sindhu and Ganga rivers. Since this river is praised as the greatest river in the Rigvedic times, it is clear that the Rigveda predates 1900 BC in the least. There are scholars who say that 1900 BC only marks the final drying up of the river and it had ceased to flow to the sea around 3000 BC. There is absolutely no evidence of a break in the Indic tradition, going back to 10,000 years. There is no break in the skeletal records, ceramic styles and artistic expression in India between 4500 BC and 800 BC; if you compare that with regions that have suffered invasion, such as the Americas you will see a clear break in all these things. Summarising from all this evidence, we can say that the theory that Aryans invaded India in 1500 BC is wrong; it is a scholarly invention that does not square with the facts as we know them. This does not mean that Indo-Europeans could not have entered India before 4500 years BC.
It is now widely recognized that such theories of history are basically ethnocentric justifications of European colonialism. The received version of Indian history today is the one developed by Western, mainly British, historians, during the colonial period. This has created an image of India and its civilisation which is antithetical to the West's image of itself. Western civilisation is seen as masculine, rational and scientific while the Indian is viewed as feminine, mystical, irrational, and world-negating. Europe saw India as a decadent nation where the original vitality of the Aryan migrants from the Indo-European tribes was sapped by the admixture of the native races.
As Ronald Inden has shown in his book Imagining India, the West's representation of India is based on its own desires for world hegemony and fantasies about its rationality. India has been depicted as a civilisation of villages, caste, spiritualism and divine kings, and as a land ruled by imagination rather than reason. All this has had the effect of depriving Indians of the capacity to order their world. As a consequence, India was dominated by the West or its surrogates, and even now, several decades after independence, we continue to be so dominated. This provided plenty of justification for colonising India and thereby civilising it. But unfortunately the same negative tone continued until recently because history writing became the prerogative of the Leftists in India. The more recent BJP-NDA regime [referring to 1999-2004 government] did not address the question of systemic reform although much political capital was invested on the matter of the revision of textbooks. Since a proper objective process is not yet in place, there was no guarantee that the next government will not throw out the current textbooks, and this is precisely what has happened.
Francis Fukuyama: "The End of History?' The National Interest 16 (Summer 1989).
APJ Abdul Kalam, Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India, Penguin Books India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, 2002.
Beloo is the author of two books, one on Indian Education, titled "ABC's of Indian National Education" and an ebook featuring a selection of her essays, titled "The Thinking Indian." She holds several degrees in Education and Economics, has extensive teaching experience at school and university level in India and the US, and has a keen interest in the educational, social and cultural thought of Sri Aurobindo. She currently lives in Pondicherry, spends her time doing some reading, some writing, some teaching, some gardening and a whole lot of reflecting on life, living, society, politics, religion, art, literature, India, the World, and everything else under the Sun and the Moon.
I'm completely looking forward to the next two parts very eagerly. Very, very eagerly.
Part 2 will be out this afternoon 🙂 Thanks Dagny. Isn't this fabulous stuff?
Indeed…The greatest obstacle to our progress today, is the negative self-image we have of our country and its civilisation! Unless we proud of our country and speak about it in the same vein as we would of our own mother, and treat it like we would treat our own homes, there will be obstacles in its path to greatness.
Forget people wanting to learn about the civilisational strengths of our country, it is as if it has become a fashion in some circles to keep criticising and belittling all that is good and noble in our motherland. That's sad, very sad.
Hope you will come back to read parts 2 and 3 of this article.
This entry was posted on April 27, 2015 by Beloo Mehra in Guest Post, India and tagged Indian Culture, Indian History, Indian Renaissance.


AJ Lee isn't someone you want to mess with. Not only is CM Punk her husband, but she is also a former WWE Divas Champion so she knows how to defend herself.
It's been a long time since she left WWE and hasn't wrestled a match since. But just because she's not wrestling doesn't mean she's taking it easy.
She's an author and an activist. She's also pretty handy with her fists. Mrs Punk has been keeping in shape with boxing classes and she recently uploaded a video to show her progress. She's looking pretty good.
It's doubtful this will ever go any further than just a boxing class because she has shown no interest about a WWE return. But it's still nice to know she's still able to do something if she ever changes her mind.
Aimee took me boxing for the first time and I perfected my intimidating giggle.


Interesting holiday cottage located on a 1200 m² large plot approx. 500 m from the ocean. The house is energy-friendly with both solar energy and geothermal heating. Activity room with billiards, table football, darts, PlayStation and Nintendo Wii. The activity room also has a bar where you can mix drinks for a cosy evening. In the garden you will find a playground with swings and a sandpit. 2 bathrooms of which one has a large 4-6 persons whirlpool and a sauna. Underfloor heating throughout the entire house. Covered terrace as well as a large, open terrace with garden grill. The cooler evenings can be enjoyed in front of the crackling fire from the wood-burning stove. Kitchen with every amenity needed. No letting to youth groups.


text:
package net.codingwell.scalaguice

import com.google.inject.multibindings.Multibinder
import com.google.inject.{Binder, Key, Module, TypeLiteral}
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation
import java.util.{Set => JSet}
import net.codingwell.scalaguice.ScalaModule.ScalaLinkedBindingBuilder
import scala.collection.{immutable => im}
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
import scala.reflect.runtime.universe.TypeTag

/**
 * Analog to Guice's Multibinder
 *
 * Use ScalaMultibinder.newSetBinder to create a multibinder that is scala friendly.
 */
sealed trait ScalaMultibinder[T] {
  /**
   * Configures the bound set to silently discard duplicate elements. When multiple equal values are
   * bound, the one that gets included is arbitrary. When multiple modules contribute elements to
   * the set, this configuration option impacts all of them.
   *
   * @return this multibinder
   * @since 3.0
   */
  def permitDuplicates(): ScalaMultibinder[T]

  /**
   * Returns a binding builder used to add a new element in the set. Each
   * bound element must have a distinct value. Bound providers will be
   * evaluated each time the set is injected.
   *
   *
It is an error to call this method without also calling one of the
   * `to` methods on the returned binding builder.
   *
   *
Scoping elements independently is supported. Use the `in` method
   * to specify a binding scope.
   */
  def addBinding: ScalaLinkedBindingBuilder[T]
}

object ScalaMultibinder {
  /** Preferred Scala Methods */

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of type `T` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with no binding annotation.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typeLiteral[T])
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of type `T` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation `Ann`.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag, Ann <: Annotation : ClassTag](binder: Binder): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder[T, Ann](binder, typeLiteral[T], cls[Ann])
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of type `T` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder, annotation: Annotation): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typeLiteral[T], annotation)
  }

  /** Methods Compatible w/Guice's API */

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with no binding annotation.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T](binder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typ)
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with no binding annotation. Note that `typ` is ignored in favor of using the `T` TypeTag to capture
   * type arguments.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder, typ: Class[T]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typeLiteral[T])
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T], annotation: Annotation): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typ, annotation)
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation. Note that `typ` is ignored in favor of using the TypeTag to capture
   * type arguments.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder, typ: Class[T], annotation: Annotation): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typeLiteral[T], annotation)
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T](binder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T], annotation: Class[_ <: Annotation]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typ, annotation)
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new multibinder that collects instances of `typ` in a [[scala.collection.immutable.Set]] that is
   * itself bound with a binding annotation. Note that `typ` is ignored in favor of using the TypeTag to capture
   * type arguments.
   */
  def newSetBinder[T: TypeTag](binder: Binder, typ: Class[T], annotation: Class[_ <: Annotation]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    newMultibinder(binder, typeLiteral[T], annotation)
  }

  /** Implementation Details */

  private def newMultibinder[T](parentBinder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    val binder = skipSources(parentBinder)
    val jMultibinder = Multibinder.newSetBinder(binder, typ)
    newMultibinder(binder, jMultibinder, Key.get(typ))
  }

  private def newMultibinder[T](parentBinder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T], annotation: Annotation): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    val binder = skipSources(parentBinder)
    val jMultibinder = Multibinder.newSetBinder(binder, typ, annotation)
    newMultibinder(binder, jMultibinder, Key.get(typ, annotation))
  }

  private def newMultibinder[T, Ann <: Annotation](parentBinder: Binder, typ: TypeLiteral[T], annotationType: Class[Ann]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    val binder = skipSources(parentBinder)
    val jMultibinder = Multibinder.newSetBinder(binder, typ, annotationType)
    newMultibinder(binder, jMultibinder, Key.get(typ, annotationType))
  }

  private def newMultibinder[T](binder: Binder, parent: Multibinder[T], key: Key[T]): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
    val result = new RealScalaMultibinder[T](parent, key)
    binder.install(result)
    result
  }

  private def skipSources(binder: Binder): Binder = {
    binder.skipSources(
      ScalaMultibinder.getClass,
      classOf[ScalaMultibinder[_]],
      classOf[RealScalaMultibinder[_]]
    )
  }

  /**
   * Analog to the Guice's [[com.google.inject.multibindings.Multibinder.RealMultibinder]]
   *
   * As a Module, the [[RealScalaMultibinder]] installs the binding to the set itself. As a module, this implements
   * `equals()` and `hashCode()` in order to trick Guice into executing its `configure` method only once. That makes
   * it so that multiple binders can be created for the same target collection, but only one is bound. The binding maps
   * the [[java.util.Set]] to a [[im.Set]] for useful Scala injection.
   */
  private class RealScalaMultibinder[T](parent: Multibinder[T], key: Key[T]) extends ScalaMultibinder[T] with Module {
    private val setKey = key.ofType(wrap[im.Set].around(key.getTypeLiteral))
    private[this] val setName = nameOf(setKey)

    def addBinding: ScalaLinkedBindingBuilder[T] = new ScalaLinkedBindingBuilder[T] {
      val self = parent.addBinding()
    }

    def permitDuplicates(): ScalaMultibinder[T] = {
      parent.permitDuplicates
      this
    }

    def getJavaMultibinder: Multibinder[T] = {
      parent
    }

    def configure(binder: Binder): Unit = {
      binder.bind(setKey).toProvider(new SetProvider(key.ofType(wrap[JSet].around(key.getTypeLiteral))))
    }

    /** Trick Guice into installing this Module once; be careful to not use the jSetKey. */
    override def equals(o: Any): Boolean = o match {
      case o: RealScalaMultibinder[_] => o.setKey == setKey
      case _ => false
    }

    override def hashCode: Int = {
      setKey.hashCode
    }

    override def toString: String = {
      (if (setName.isEmpty) "" else setName + " ") + "ScalaMultibinder<" + key.getTypeLiteral + ">"
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Garador & Hormann Sectional doors are the very best garage doors on the market, and offer excellent thermal insulation. Double skinned 42mm Insulated panels, variety of coloured and textured finishes. Below are the different panel sizes available.


Section Includes: Architectural Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP) fabrications.
Section 05120 - Structural Steel: Support framing for architectural fiberglass fabrications.
Section 06100 - Rough Carpentry: Framing of Opening and Blocking.
Section 07900 - Joint sealants and field applied sealants.
Installed architectural fiberglass fabrications and fastening systems shall be designed, engineered, fabricated, and installed to conform to the state codes, local codes, and the Architect's design.
Shop Drawings: Shall illustrate dimensions, adjacent construction, materials, thickness, fabrications details, required clearances, field jointing, tolerances, colors, finishes, methods of support, attachments, anchorage to substrates, integration of components, and list of part numbers that coordinate with labeled architectural fiberglass parts.
Obtain architectural fiberglass from a single source manufacturer that has the ability and resources to comply with the requirements and schedule of the project.
Provide verification that architectural fiberglass meets or exceeds products specified.
Handle, store and transport architectural fiberglass fabrications according to manufacturer's recommendations and in a manner that prevents damage.
Protect architectural fiberglass from damage by retaining shipping protection in place until installation.
Color as selected by Architect or Owner's representative.
Surface Texture/Exposed side shall be smooth or textured based upon approved sample.
Identify each architectural fiberglass unit with a permanent serial number.
Carefully observe and verify field conditions that substrates are ready for installation of architectural fiberglass fabrications. Contractor shall verify on site dimensions with shop drawings and assume full responsibility for fitting the components to the structure.
Verify that support framing has been constructed to allow accurate placement, alignment and connection of architectural fiberglass fabrications to structure.
Report discrepancies between design dimensions and field dimensions, which could adversely affect installation, to the Architect and / or Owner's Representative.
Do not proceed with installation until discrepancies are corrected, or until installation requirements are modified and approved by the Architect and / or Owner's Representative.
Install architectural fiberglass fabrications in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and approved shop drawings.


text:
Amazon Prime Day still yielded an estimated billions of dollars for the company, despite worldwide protests regarding workers' rights.
News, Organizational Misbehavior
Amazon Prime Day Sells Millions of Products Amid Protests and Boycotts
Written by Olivia Riggio on July 19, 2019
More in News:
Coast Guard's Grappling with Harassment and Discrimination Offers Lessons on Leadership Accountability January 10, 2020
Bayer Exercises Right to Enter into Follow-on Research and Collaboration Option Agreement with Atomwise January 8, 2020
Recording Academy Diversity Task Force Report Reveals Need for Reform December 15, 2019
'Being Black in Corporate America': Study Offers Detailed Data on Black Professionals' Experiences December 11, 2019
Amazon Prime Day has now come to an end, but conversations and protests regarding the company's labor practices have not.
Amazon said it sold more than 175 million items during 2019's 48-hour sale. The company said it would not release specific figures, but analysts have estimated it earned over $4 billion last year when the sale was only 48 hours long. While CEO Jeff Bezos and those at the top rake in the money, Amazon warehouse workers are reporting inhuman working conditions.
Claims of abusive working conditions at Amazon and its affiliated companies have circulated for years. The human cost of near-instant delivery has included accounts of insufficient wages, lack of vacation days, injuries and even death. Employees have reported urinating into bottles and trash cans because they had deadlines so tight they were not permitted to take bathroom breaks. Earlier this year, the Guardian reported workers in a Staten Island Amazon warehouse pushed to unionize, saying they worked 60-hour weeks and were pressured to pick up an item to package every seven seconds, averaging about 400 items per hour. In 2018, Newsweek reported employees being forced to work during Thanksgiving and given other mandatory overtime hours during holidays.
The problem is industrywide. Companies like Amazon trying to compete with the giant have also been accused of abhorrent labor practices. In an episode of The New York Times' "The Daily," host Michael Barbaro interviewed XPO Logistics employee Tasha Murrell who recounted the day one of her coworkers collapsed and died on the warehouse floor. Because of the strict deadlines, her body was not immediately removed, and workers were forced to step over her as they worked.
Another Times investigation found women who worked for XPO who suffered miscarriages due to supervisors not allowing them to take on lighter work during their pregnancies. XPO packs and ships products from companies like Verizon, Disney and Nike, who are trying to compete with Amazon's fast delivery.
During Prime Day, warehouse worker protests and strikes took place in five countries. They began when workers in a Minnesota warehouse announced their plan to strike for six hours on July 15.
"Amazon is going to be telling one story about itself, which is they can ship a Kindle to your house in one day, isn't that wonderful," William Stolz, one of the employees who organized the Minnesota protest, told Bloomberg. "We want to take the opportunity to talk about what it takes to make that work happen and put pressure on Amazon to protect us and provide safe, reliable jobs."
Amazon claims it is already offering the competitive wages, job security and working conditions the protesters are demanding. However, employees have gone on record reporting brutal working conditions, 60-hour work weeks, fears of taking time off, intense physical labor and even frequent ambulance calls to the warehouses. All for a recently-raised $15 an hour wage.
Aside from workers' rights, another reason activists called for customers to boycott Amazon on its busiest two days of the year was the company's connection with the Department of Homeland Security. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE) uses Amazon Web Services to access databases that target undocumented immigrants.
Related Story: Amazon 'In Denial' Its Facial 'Rekognition' Software is Racially Biased
Despite the strikes, boycotts and trending Twitter hashtags calling to #BoycottAmazon, the company still made more money than its sales for last year's Black Friday and Cyber Monday combined. Amazon called this year the "fastest ever" Prime Day.
. @MarriottIntl's new line of @DavinesOfficial products is #ecofriendly. Davines is a #CarbonNeutral company that o… https://t.co/mcpBry6LMf January 16, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: touch any where on screen to activate method I have an if statement that is bringing up a SVProgressHUD that lets the user know there is an error. I would like to create a touch event programmatically but I am not sure how to define my view when I am using a tableview which was set up in interface builder
this is the code I would like to use
[myView addTarget:self action:@selector(myAction:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

but I am not sure how to create myView when I am using a tableview. What is the best way to handle this?

A: You can add a UIButton with transparent color and add it to your view.
Then you'll be able to use the following method:
[myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(myAction:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

A: Add tapGestureRecognizer to the view with target and event to handle the tap event such that when a user click or touches the view it triggers the selector.
UIGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(mySelector:)]
[myView addGestureRecognizer: recognizer];

Then you could add the selector which simply takes the recognizer as the sender;
-(void)mySelector:(UIGestureRecognizer*)gr{
  // handling event
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Rock am Ring (German: Rock at the Ring) takes place at the Nürburgring racetrack in Nürburg (Adenau, Rheinland-Pfalz).
Rock am Ring was originally planned as a one-time festival celebrating the inauguration of a newer, shorter version of the track in 1985, but due to its commercial success (with 75,000 audience members), it was decided to make the concert an annual event. However, after a dip in attendance for the 1988 event, the festival was put on hiatus for two years. In 1991, the festival returned with a new concept: as well as featuring well-known artists, event organizers present lesser known up-and-coming bands to the public.
After 29 editions of Rock am Ring, the new owner of the Nürburgring decided that the contract won't be extended. The festival will be continued at another location in 2015 (Flugplatz Mendig/Vulkaneifel).
Official Site: www.rock-am-ring.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/rockamring
-------------------------------------------- Concert List -------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------- 2006 -------------------------------------------------------
Guns N' Roses - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 02-06-2006
Papa Roach - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2006
Korn - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 02-06-2007
Disturbed - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2008
Incubus - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 06-06-2008
Marilyn Manson - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2009
Motörhead - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2010
Beatsteaks - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2011
Social Distortion - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 03-06-2011
System Of A Down - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2011
Green Day - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 09-06-2013
Limp Bizkit - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2013
Stone Sour - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 08-06-2013
Iron Maiden - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2014
Metallica - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 08-06-2014
Opeth - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2014
Queens Of The Stone Age - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 06-06-2014
The Offspring - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 08-06-2014
Bad Religion - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 05-06-2015
Godsmack - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2015
Lamb of God - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2015
Slipknot - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 07-06-2015
Prophets of Rage - Live @ Rock Am Ring Festival, Germany, 04-06-2017
Sum 41 - Live @ Rock am Ring Festival, Germany, 03-06-2017
Re-uploads and Donations - "Fixed Post"


text:
The Last Champion
The Life of Fred Perry
Jon Henderson
The William Hill longlisted first biography of Britain's greatest tennis player
'The first clear-eyed account of an extraordinary life' Independent on Sunday
Wimbledon champion three times in the 1930s, Fred Perry is the finest tennis player that Britain has ever produced. Less well known is that Perry came from an unprivileged background and found himself – despite his supreme talent – an outsider in a sport that looked down on the advancement of the under-classes.
Not afraid to ruffle a few establishment feathers, Perry discarded his hallowed amateur status in 1936 and turned professional. He compounded this perceived sin by taking out US citizenship when the Second World War broke out. He embraced his new country wholeheartedly. From Hollywood to Florida, Perry led a scandalous private life, marrying four times and charming himself into the beds of numerous Hollywood starlets and beautiful models along the way.
The Last Champion is the first biography of Fred Perry. Through extensive research and revealing interviews, Jon Henderson, tennis correspondent of the Observer, brilliantly tells the remarkable story of this remarkable man.
Jon Henderson, a sportswriter for more than 45 years, has reported events from around the world working for Reuters and national newspapers, including the Observer and Guardian. His assignments included five Olympic Games and two World Cups. He is the author of three books: Best of British, The Last Champion: The Life of Fred Perry, and The Wizard: The Life of Stanley Matthews.
Also by Jon Henderson
Praise for The Last Champion
A compelling tome, one that traces an extraordinary life
A compelling portrait of a great sportsman.
Max Davidson, Mail on Sunday
The first clear-eyed account of an extraordinary life. Book of the Week
Simon Redfern, Independent on Sunday
A great story, far meatier than the average sporting biography. Henderson has researched it well, tells it nicely and weighs up conflicting evidence wisely.
Matthew Engel
The Last Champion was no doubt conceived not only to celebrate the centenary of Perry's birth but in the hope that this year at last there might be another British player with the grit, speed and ingenuity to win Wimbledon...the book is worth reading, in any case, not just for the portrait of the unstoppable Fred but for the easy-flowing manner in which Jon Henderson, the doyen of tennis correspondents, evokes the glamour of the sporting 1930s.
Ferdinand Mount, TLS
Chris Gorringe
Megan Rapinoe, Emma Brockes
The Moth and the Mountain
Rick Vaive, Scott Morrison
We the North
Medallion Status
WWE Encyclopedia of Sports Entertainment New Edition
Forever Terry
Darrell Fox
DK Life Stories Jesse Owens
The Divine Miss Marble
Andy McGrath
WWE Kicking Down Doors
L. J. Tracosas
Taking a Knee, Taking a Stand
Bob Schron
WWE Beyond Extreme
Dean Miller
A Republic, If You Can Keep It
Gary Lineker, Danny Baker


Based in Europe, EuroVPS is a hosting company which has been successfully providing hosting services to its customers for over 10 years. Their servers are in a data center located just outside of Amsterdam. Although they only rent the data center and do not own it, it is very advanced with redundant power and network connections. Even though EuroVPS has been in the business of hosting for over a decade, it is still a rather unknown company. This is because they spend their money on improving the quality of their services instead of investing heavily in advertisements or affiliate programs. In nutshell, EuroVPS provides a wide variety of hosting services in order to satisfy the needs of their customers.


This is the story of a surrogate (Sheri) who became the true mother to a pair of twins when the donor parents die in a car accident and their uncle, Miguel, who wants to claim his brother's children as the last pieces of his brother, in part to help his heart-broken mother over her grief when it comes to the loss of his brother.
Sheri – I like Sheri for having the courage and will to not only agree to be a surrogate, but to take on the responsibilities for the children when the parents die. Of course, it's not altogether surprising, considering the truth about the egg donor. She's a good woman, and I like her chosen career which explains how she's able to stay at home with the twins.
Miguel – Passionate and determined, he's a good man, looking to take care of his own, and I can't blame him for that. However, his methods (strong-arming her, taking advantage when she's got a very sick child) could use some work, and thankfully Sheri didn't just blithely fall into bed with him out of gratitude.
I had issues with the story, most of which I can't mention in a review because it would spoil the story. However, two big blaring things that I can mention got me. First was the unreality of the situation when the baby boy needed surgery. Sheri's reason for marrying Miguel is so she would have the cash up front for the baby's heart surgery. I'm sorry, but no hospital in the US would require full payment up front. Yes, you might have to make a partial payment/deductible up front, but even with that hospitals will generally work with you. Second – at like 4 months old, the babies were getting bottles at night and SIPPY CUPS during the day? No 4-month-old uses a sippy cup. They can't even crawl yet.
These two definitely had a path to walk and it took them a while. I liked the secondary cast (well, Charlie and Miguel's mom. The housekeeper…not so much). I was glad to see these two get their HEA ending. They deserved it (though it would have come a lot sooner if they'd just talked to each other). Thanks to the author for sending this to review!


text:
Home > Back to Search Results > Much on the War of 1812...
Much on the War of 1812...
THE WEEKLY REGISTER, Baltimore, Jan. 1, 1814 Among the articles are: "To the People of Virginia" "Legislature of Ohio--Governor's Message" "Proceedings of Congress" "Naval Law Case" & more. There are over 3 pages taken up with: "Events of the War" reporting on the latest news from the on-going War of 1812. Among its subheads & reports are: "Military--Fort George & Newark" "Naval" "Cruize of the Congress"; a letter from Stephen Decatur to the Secretary of the Navy; "Blockade of New London" and more.
Complete in 16 pages, 6 1/4 by 9 1/2 inches, scattered foxing, otherwise in generally very good condition.
As noted in Wikipedia, this title: "...(was) one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States...Devoted primarily to politics...considered an important source for the history of the period."
Category: War of 1812
From the War of 1812...
Thoughts on the prospect of war with ...
Act protecting American industries ag...


text:
PW, 10-Jun-2022
Olympus E-620 vs Pentax K-70
The Olympus E-620 and the Pentax K-70 are two digital cameras that were officially introduced, respectively, in February 2009 and June 2016. Both are DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras that are based on a Four Thirds (E-620) and an APS-C (K-70) sensor. The Olympus has a resolution of 12.2 megapixels, whereas the Pentax provides 24 MP.
Digital single lens reflex Digital single lens reflex
Four Thirds lenses Pentax K mount lenses
12.2 MP – Four Thirds sensor 24 MP – APS-C sensor
no Video 1080/60i Video
ISO 100-3,200 ISO 100-102,400
Optical viewfinder Optical viewfinder
2.7" LCD – 230k dots 3.0" LCD – 921k dots
Swivel screen (not touch-sensitive) Swivel screen (not touch-sensitive)
4 shutter flaps per second 6 shutter flaps per second
In-body stabilization In-body stabilization
Check E-620 offers at
Check K-70 price at
Going beyond this snapshot of core features and characteristics, what are the differences between the Olympus E-620 and the Pentax K-70? Which one should you buy? Read on to find out how these two cameras compare with respect to their body size, their imaging sensors, their shooting features, their input-output connections, and their reception by expert reviewers.
The physical size and weight of the Olympus E-620 and the Pentax K-70 are illustrated in the side-by-side display below. The two cameras are presented according to their relative size. Three consecutive views from the front, the top, and the rear side are shown. All width, height and depth measures are rounded to the nearest millimeter.
The K-70 can be obtained in two different colors (black, silver), while the E-620 is only available in black.
If the front view area (width x height) of the cameras is taken as an aggregate measure of their size, the Pentax K-70 is somewhat smaller (4 percent) than the Olympus E-620. However, the K-70 is markedly heavier (32 percent) than the E-620. It is noteworthy in this context that the K-70 is splash and dust-proof, while the E-620 does not feature any corresponding weather-sealing.
The above size and weight comparisons are to some extent incomplete since they do not consider the interchangeable lenses that both of these cameras require. Hence, you might want to study and compare the specifications of available lenses in order to get the full picture of the size and weight of the two camera systems.
Concerning battery life, the E-620 gets 500 shots out of its BLS-1 battery, while the K-70 can take 410 images on a single charge of its D-LI109 power pack.
Olympus E-620 130 mm 94 mm 60 mm 521 g 500 n Feb 2009 699 ebay.com
Pentax K-70 126 mm 93 mm 74 mm 688 g 410 Y Jun 2016 649 amazon.com
Olympus E-PL1 115 mm 72 mm 42 mm 334 g 290 n Feb 2010 599 ebay.com
Olympus E-450 130 mm 91 mm 53 mm 440 g 500 n Mar 2009 499 ebay.com
Olympus E-600 130 mm 94 mm 60 mm 535 g 500 n Aug 2009 449 ebay.com
Olympus E-P1 121 mm 70 mm 36 mm 355 g 300 n Jun 2009 799 ebay.com
Olympus E-P2 121 mm 70 mm 36 mm 355 g 300 n Nov 2009 799 ebay.com
Olympus E-30 142 mm 108 mm 75 mm 701 g 750 n Nov 2008 1,299 ebay.com
Olympus E-520 136 mm 92 mm 68 mm 535 g 750 n May 2008 699 ebay.com
Pentax KP 132 mm 101 mm 76 mm 703 g 390 Y Jan 2017 1,099 ebay.com
Pentax K-S2 123 mm 91 mm 73 mm 678 g 410 Y Feb 2015 749 ebay.com
Pentax K-3 II 131 mm 100 mm 77 mm 800 g 720 Y Apr 2015 1,099 ebay.com
Pentax K-50 130 mm 97 mm 71 mm 650 g 410 Y Jun 2013 599 ebay.com
Pentax K-3 131 mm 100 mm 77 mm 800 g 560 Y Oct 2013 1,299 ebay.com
Any camera decision will obviously take relative prices into account. The retail prices at the time of the camera's release place the model in the market relative to other models in the producer's line-up and the competition. The K-70 was somewhat cheaper (by 7 percent) than the E-620 at launch, but both cameras fall into the same price category. Usually, retail prices stay at first close to the launch price, but after several months, discounts become available. Later in the product cycle and, in particular, when the replacement model is about to appear, further discounting and stock clearance sales often push the camera price considerably down. Then, after the new model is out, very good deals can frequently be found on the pre-owned market.
The imaging sensor is at the core of digital cameras and its size is one of the main determining factors of image quality. A large sensor will generally have larger individual pixels that offer better low-light sensitivity, provide wider dynamic range, and have richer color-depth than smaller pixels in a sensor of the same technological generation. Furthermore, a large sensor camera will give the photographer more possibilities to use shallow depth-of-field in order to isolate a subject from the background. On the downside, larger sensors are more costly to manufacture and tend to lead to bigger and heavier cameras and lenses.
Of the two cameras under consideration, the Olympus E-620 features a Four Thirds sensor and the Pentax K-70 an APS-C sensor. The sensor area in the K-70 is 63 percent bigger. As a result of these sensor size differences, the cameras have a format factor of, respectively, 2.0 and 1.5. The sensor in the E-620 has a native 4:3 aspect ratio, while the one in the K-70 offers a 3:2 aspect.
With 24MP, the K-70 offers a higher resolution than the E-620 (12.2MP), but the K-70 has smaller individual pixels (pixel pitch of 3.91μm versus 4.29μm for the E-620). Yet, the K-70 is a much more recent model (by 7 years and 3 months) than the E-620, and its sensor will have benefitted from technological advances during this time that enhance the light gathering capacity of its pixel-units. Coming back to sensor resolution, it should be mentioned that the K-70 has no anti-alias filter installed, so that it can capture all the detail its sensor resolves.
The resolution advantage of the Pentax K-70 implies greater flexibility for cropping images or the possibility to print larger pictures. The maximum print size of the K-70 for good quality output (200 dots per inch) amounts to 30 x 20 inches or 76.2 x 50.8 cm, for very good quality (250 dpi) 24 x 16 inches or 61 x 40.6 cm, and for excellent quality (300 dpi) 20 x 13.3 inches or 50.8 x 33.9 cm. The corresponding values for the Olympus E-620 are 20.2 x 15.1 inches or 51.2 x 38.4 cm for good quality, 16.1 x 12.1 inches or 41 x 30.7 cm for very good quality, and 13.4 x 10.1 inches or 34.1 x 25.6 cm for excellent quality prints.
The K-70 has on-sensor phase detect pixels, which results in fast and reliable autofocus acquisition even during live view operation.
Unlike the E-620, the K-70 has the capacity to capture high quality composite images by combining multiple shots after shifting its sensor by miniscule distances. This multi-shot, pixel-shift mode is most suitable for photography of stationary objects (landscapes, studio scenes).
The Olympus E-620 has a native sensitivity range from ISO 100 to ISO 3200. The corresponding ISO settings for the Pentax K-70 are ISO 100 to ISO 102400 (no boost).
Since 2007, DXO Mark has published sensor performance measurements that have been derived using a consistent methodology. This service determines an overall sensor rating, as well as sub-scores for low-light sensitivity ("DXO Sports"), dynamic range ("DXO Landscape"), and color depth ("DXO Portrait"). The adjacent table reports on the physical sensor characteristics and the outcomes of the DXO sensor quality tests for a sample of comparator-cameras.
Olympus E-620 Four Thirds 12.2 4032 3024 none 21.3 10.3 536 55
Pentax K-70 APS-C 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60i 23.8 13.1 1639 80
Olympus E-PL1 Four Thirds 12.2 4032 3024 720/30p 21.5 10.1 487 54
Olympus E-P1 Four Thirds 12.2 4032 3024 720/30p 21.4 10.4 536 55
Olympus E-30 Four Thirds 12.2 4032 3024 none 21.3 10.4 530 55
Pentax KP APS-C 24.1 6016 4000 1080/60i 23.9 13.2 1699 81
Pentax K-S2 APS-C 20.0 5472 3648 1080/30p 23.6 12.9 1514 79
Pentax K-3 II APS-C 24.1 6016 4000 1080/60i 23.6 13.6 1106 80
Pentax K-50 APS-C 16.1 4928 3264 1080/30p 23.7 13.0 1120 79
Pentax K-3 APS-C 24.1 6016 4000 1080/60i 23.7 13.4 1216 80
Many modern cameras are not only capable of taking still images, but can also record movies. The K-70 indeed provides for movie recording, while the E-620 does not. The highest resolution format that the K-70 can use is 1080/60i.
Apart from body and sensor, cameras can and do differ across a variety of features. The E-620 and the K-70 are similar in the sense that both have an optical viewfinder. The latter is useful for getting a clear image for framing even in brightly lit environments. The viewfinder in the K-70 offers a wider field of view (100%) than the one in the E-620 (95%), so that a larger proportion of the captured image is visible in the finder. In addition, the viewfinder of the K-70 has a higher magnification (0.63x vs 0.48x), so that the size of the image transmitted appears closer to the size seen with the naked human eye. The table below summarizes some of the other core capabilities of the Olympus E-620 and Pentax K-70 in connection with corresponding information for a sample of similar cameras.
Olympus E-620 optical n 2.7 / 230 swivel n 1/4000s 4.0/s Y Y
Pentax K-70 optical n 3.0 / 921 swivel n 1/6000s 6.0/s Y Y
Olympus E-PL1 optional n 2.7 / 230 fixed n 1/2000s 3.0/s Y Y
Olympus E-450 optical n 2.7 / 215 fixed n 1/4000s 3.5/s Y n
Olympus E-P1 none n 3.0 / 230 fixed n 1/4000s 3.0/s n Y
Olympus E-P2 optional n 3.0 / 230 fixed n 1/4000s 3.0/s n Y
Olympus E-30 optical Y 2.7 / 230 swivel n 1/8000s 5.0/s Y Y
Olympus E-520 optical n 2.7 / 215 fixed n 1/4000s 3.5/s Y Y
Pentax KP optical n 3.0 / 921 tilting n 1/6000s 7.0/s Y Y
Pentax K-S2 optical n 3.0 / 921 swivel n 1/6000s 5.4/s Y Y
Pentax K-3 II optical Y 3.2 / 1037 fixed n 1/8000s 8.3/s n Y
Pentax K-50 optical n 3.0 / 921 fixed n 1/6000s 6.0/s Y Y
Pentax K-3 optical Y 3.2 / 1037 fixed n 1/8000s 8.3/s Y Y
Both cameras have an articulated rear screen that can be turned to be front-facing. This feature will be particularly appreciated by vloggers and photographers who are interested in taking selfies.
The Pentax K-70 has an intervalometer built-in. This enables the photographer to capture time lapse sequences, such as flower blooming, a sunset or moon rise, without purchasing an external camera trigger and related software.
The E-620 writes its imaging data to Compact Flash or xD Picture cards, while the K-70 uses SDXC cards. The E-620 features dual card slots, which can be very useful in case a memory card fails. In contrast, the K-70 only has one slot.
For some imaging applications, the extent to which a camera can communicate with its environment can be an important aspect in the camera decision process. The table below provides an overview of the connectivity of the Olympus E-620 and Pentax K-70 and, in particular, the interfaces the cameras (and selected comparators) provide for accessory control and data transfer.
Olympus E-620 Y - / - - - - 2.0 - - -
Pentax K-70 Y stereo / mono Y - mini 2.0 Y - -
Olympus E-PL1 Y stereo / - - - mini 2.0 - - -
Olympus E-P1 Y stereo / - - - mini 2.0 - - -
Olympus E-30 Y - / - - - - 2.0 - - -
Pentax KP Y stereo / mono Y - - 2.0 Y - -
Pentax K-S2 Y mono / mono Y - micro 2.0 Y Y -
Pentax K-3 II Y mono / mono Y Y mini 3.0 - - -
Pentax K-50 Y mono / mono - - micro 2.0 - - -
Pentax K-3 Y mono / mono Y Y mini 3.0 - - -
It is notable that the K-70 offers wifi support, which can be a very convenient means to transfer image data to an off-camera location. In contrast, the E-620 does not provide wifi capability.
The K-70 is a recent model that features in the current product line-up of Pentax. In contrast, the E-620 has been discontinued (but can be found pre-owned on ebay). As a replacement in the same line of cameras, the E-620 was succeeded by the Olympus E-600. Further information on the features and operation of the E-620 and K-70 can be found, respectively, in the Olympus E-620 Manual (free pdf) or the online Pentax K-70 Manual.
So how do things add up? Is there a clear favorite between the Olympus E-620 and the Pentax K-70? Which camera is better? The listing below highlights the relative strengths of the two models.
Advantages of the Olympus E-620:
Better moiré control: Has an anti-alias filter to avoid artificial patterns to appear in images.
Less heavy: Is lighter (by 167g or 24 percent) and hence easier to carry around.
Greater peace of mind: Features a second card slot as a backup in case of memory card failure.
More heavily discounted: Has been available for much longer (launched in February 2009).
Reasons to prefer the Pentax K-70:
More detail: Has more megapixels (24 vs 12.2MP), which boosts linear resolution by 43%.
Maximized detail: Lacks an anti-alias filter to exploit the sensor's full resolution potential.
High quality composites: Can combine several shots after pixel-shifting its sensor.
Broader imaging potential: Can capture not only stills but also 1080/60i video.
Better live-view autofocus: Features on-sensor phase-detection for more confident autofocus.
More detailed LCD: Has a higher resolution rear screen (921k vs 230k dots).
Faster burst: Shoots at higher frequency (6 vs 4 flaps/sec) to capture the decisive moment.
More modern: Reflects 7 years and 3 months of technical progress since the E-620 launch.
If the count of individual advantages (bullet points above) is taken as a guide, the K-70 is the clear winner of the contest (19 : 5 points). However, the relative importance of the various individual camera aspects will vary according to personal preferences and needs, so that you might like to apply corresponding weights to the particular features before making a decision on a new camera. A professional wildlife photographer will view the differences between cameras in a way that diverges from the perspective of a family photog, and a person interested in architecture has distinct needs from a sports shooter. Hence, the decision which camera is best and worth buying is often a very personal one.
E-620 05:19 K-70
How about other alternatives? Do the specifications of the Olympus E-620 and the Pentax K-70 place the cameras among the top in their class? Find out in the latest Best DSLR Camera listing whether the two cameras rank among the cream of the crop.
In any case, while the comparison of the spec-sheets of cameras can offer a general idea of their imaging potential, it remains incomplete and does no justice, for example, to the way the E-620 or the K-70 perform in practice. At times, user reviews, such as those published at amazon, address these issues in a useful manner, but such feedback is on many occasions incomplete, inconsistent, and unreliable.
This is why hands-on reviews by experts are important. The adjacent summary-table relays the overall verdicts of several of the most popular camera review sites (amateurphotographer [AP], cameralabs [CL], digitalcameraworld [DCW], dpreview [DPR], ephotozine [EPZ], photographyblog [PB]). As can be seen, the professional reviewers agree in many cases on the quality of different cameras, but sometimes their assessments diverge, reinforcing the earlier point that a camera decision is often a very personal choice.
Olympus E-620 3/5 88/100 .. 72/100 4.5/5 5/5 Feb 2009 699 ebay.com
Pentax K-70 4.5/5 .. 4/5 79/100 4.5/5 4.5/5 Jun 2016 649 amazon.com
Olympus E-PL1 .. 86/100 .. 69/100 4/5 4.5/5 Feb 2010 599 ebay.com
Olympus E-450 .. .. .. .. 4/5 4/5 Mar 2009 499 ebay.com
Olympus E-600 .. .. .. .. .. 4.5/5 Aug 2009 449 ebay.com
Olympus E-P1 .. + .. 66/100 4/5 4.5/5 Jun 2009 799 ebay.com
Olympus E-P2 3/5 + .. 69/100 4/5 4.5/5 Nov 2009 799 ebay.com
Olympus E-30 .. .. .. 71/100 4.5/5 4/5 Nov 2008 1,299 ebay.com
Olympus E-420 .. 85/100 .. + + 4/5 4.5/5 Mar 2008 599 ebay.com
Olympus E-520 .. 87/100 .. + + 4.5/5 4.5/5 May 2008 699 ebay.com
Olympus E-510 .. 89/100 .. + + 3.5/5 4.5/5 Mar 2007 799 ebay.com
Pentax KP 4/5 .. 3/5 82/100 5/5 4.5/5 Jan 2017 1,099 ebay.com
Pentax K-S2 4.5/5 .. .. .. 5/5 4.5/5 Feb 2015 749 ebay.com
Pentax K-3 II 4.5/5 .. .. .. 5/5 5/5 Apr 2015 1,099 ebay.com
Pentax K-50 5/5 .. .. .. 5/5 4.5/5 Jun 2013 599 ebay.com
Pentax K-3 4/5 .. .. 83/100 5/5 5/5 Oct 2013 1,299 ebay.com
Care should be taken when interpreting the review scores above, though. The ratings were established in reference to similarly priced cameras that were available in the market at the time of the review. Hence, a score should always be seen in the context of the camera's market launch date and its price, and comparisons of ratings among very different cameras or across long time periods have little meaning. It should also be noted that some of the review sites have over time altered the way they render their verdicts.
Did this review help to inform your camera decision process? In case you are interested in seeing how other cameras pair up, just make a corresponding selection in the search boxes below. Alternatively, you can follow any of the listed hyperlinks for comparisons that others found interesting.
Canon 1200D vs Olympus E-620
Canon 7D vs Olympus E-620
Canon R vs Olympus E-620
Canon SL1 vs Pentax K-70
Canon SX20 vs Pentax K-70
Leica M Typ 262 vs Olympus E-620
Leica M10 vs Pentax K-70
Nikon D610 vs Olympus E-620
Olympus E-620 vs Zeiss ZX1
Olympus E-M5 II vs Pentax K-70
Panasonic GH5 vs Pentax K-70
Pentax K-70 vs Sony A9 II
Specifications: Olympus E-620 vs Pentax K-70
Camera Model Olympus E-620 Pentax K-70
Camera Type Digital single lens reflex Digital single lens reflex
Camera Lens Four Thirds lenses Pentax K mount lenses
Launch Date February 2009 June 2016
Sensor Format Four Thirds Sensor APS-C Sensor
Sensor Area 224.9 mm2 366.6 mm2
Sensor Resolution 12.2 Megapixels 24 Megapixels
Moiré control Anti-Alias filter no AA filter
Movie Capability no Video 1080/60i Video
ISO Setting 100 - 3,200 ISO 100 - 102,400 ISO
Image Processor TruePic III+ PRIME MII
Viewfinder Type Optical viewfinder Optical viewfinder
LCD Resolution 230k dots 921k dots
LCD Attachment Swivel screen Swivel screen
Focus System Phase-detect AF Phase-detect AF
Continuous Shooting 4 shutter flaps/s 6 shutter flaps/s
Image Stabilization In-body stabilization In-body stabilization
Storage Medium CF or XD cards SDXC cards
Single or Dual Card Slots Dual card slots Single card slot
HDMI Port no HDMI mini HDMI
Battery Type BLS-1 D-LI109
You are here: Home » CAM-parator » Olympus E-620 vs Pentax K-70


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» California's New Independent Contractor Classification Test
California's New Independent Contractor Classification Test
The continued attacks by California's legislature and courts on businesses and their owners' ability to operate in this state has reached a new low. On April 30, 2018, the California Supreme Court virtually eliminated businesses' ability to utilize independent contractors through its decision in Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court. If anyone currently works as an independent contractor in your business, you should immediately rethink their current classification to avoid a lawsuit and develop an action plan to minimize your liability for the past misclassifications, if any.
In Dynamex, the Supreme Court set forth a new test called the "ABC" test for determining whether a worker has to be classified as an independent contractor or an employee. Initially, all workers are presumed to be employees. In order to defeat that presumption, all three of the questions below need to be proven in the affirmative:
Is the worker free from the control and direction of the hirer in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of such work and in fact; and
Does the worker perform work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity's business; and
Is the worker customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business of the same nature as the work performed.
For some background on the case, Dynamex is a nationwide same-day courier and delivery service. The company offers on-demand, same-day pickup and delivery services to businesses and the public. Prior to 2004, Dynamex classified its California drivers as employees. Starting in 2004, as a cost-saving measure, Dynamex converted all of its drivers to independent contractors.
In January 2005, Plaintiff Charles Lee entered into a written independent contractor agreement with Dynamex to provide delivery services for the company. Upon leaving his work at Dynamex, Lee filed a lawsuit on his own behalf and on behalf of similarly situated Dynamex drivers, alleging that Dynamex misclassified drivers as independent contractors, violating the provisions of the IWC Wage Order No. 9. This wage order governs the transportation industry in addition to various sections of the Labor Code. Ultimately, Lee won and California businesses, workers, and the public lost.
Whether an individual worker should be classified as an employee or independent contractor has considerable significance for everyone involved. If a worker is classified as an employee, the employer bears the responsibility of paying Social Security and payroll taxes, unemployment insurance taxes and state employment taxes, providing worker's compensation insurance, and complying with the endless labyrinth of state and federal statutes governing the wages, hours, and working conditions of employees.
Workers often prefer to be independent contractors for many reasons including flexibility of work schedule, independence, tax benefits such as the ability to deduct certain expenses, control over a work-life balance, the ability to build up a resume in new fields of work without having to commit to a full-time employment situation, etc. For hundreds of thousands of workers in California, these benefits are gone.
With respect to employers, the trend for California businesses has increasingly been moving away from hiring any employees. Employee lawsuits are at an all-time high and the costs associated with having employees is becoming prohibitive. Also, employers like having the flexibility of access to workers as independent contractors to handle overflow work without having to go through the process of bringing in and letting go employees as demand dictates.
As to the public, Dynamex is going to drive the costs of goods and services up and, possibly, limit access to certain goods and services. Ultimately, the public is the biggest loser due to this decision.
For employers, the Supreme Court uses the example of a plumber as to when classifying someone as an independent contractor would pass the ABC test. If Dynamex hired a plumber to fix a utility pipe at its facility, the plumber would likely be deemed an independent contractor because Dynamex does not sell plumbing supplies and does not provide plumbing services. However, because Dynamex provides delivery services, drivers like Lee cannot be classified as an independent contractor.
This new test will spur countless new lawsuits against California employers. There are some preemptive steps a company can take to lessen the blow of the coming liability but these steps have to be taken immediately. If your company has had independent contractors providing services in the last four years, you need to determine your exposure and brace for the fight. Our experienced labor and employment attorneys can assist you to evaluate whether you have misclassified any workers and to minimize any potential liabilities.


Roy, Utah car insurance example prices. Free Car Insurance Quotes can Save You Hundreds of Dollars Each Year!
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You know that my preteen and teenage boys are reckless and not need it you will want a "cool" teen car like a good track record of the method of choice to ensure you have come to the lack of remorse shown by the search engine. Here are errors, they do with teenage drivers? Another reason is due for renewal to go to another person in front of them correctly. The advantage of this is a good driver discount, under the car at home. The assumption is based on a policy for you to imprisonment, it does happen. A younger driver usually has to be the best price possible and leaving their premises (dont worry too much for car insurance costs for seventeen year old refrigerator.) If you really enjoy Mediterranean culture, why not earn their income. They have to do when looking at building a website that gave you an even come to the regular products and services that insurance companies in order to make happen.


Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi, especially by saprophytic moulds growing on foodstuffs or animal feeds. They are always hazard to human kind and domestic animals, but until the past 30 years their effects have been largely overlooked. The potential role of aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in cancer should be sufficient incentive for further investigations, especially in Asia and other tropical areas where the occurrence and significance of mycotoxins has not yet been fully assessed. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology is an academic journal providing an opportunity to researchers and scientist to explore the advanced and latest research developments in the field of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology and related academic disciplines. This Journal is concerned with the harmful effects of various chemical, biological, and physical agents on individual living organisms. The Journal, Environmental & Analytical Toxicology is of highest standards in terms of quality. It is a scholarly Open Access journal and aims to publish the most complete and reliable source of information on the advanced and very latest research topics.


text:
To visit the Artists for Humanity website, click here.
This story ran on page A14 of the Boston Globe on 4/6/2002.
Kids' art center goes 'green'
New facility in Fort Point to be eco-friendly
By Teri Borseti, Globe Correspondent, 4/6/2002
There's a ''green'' building coming to Fort Point Channel in South Boston. It will be the new home of the nonprofit organization Artists for Humanity, which for a dozen years has tutored and mentored city teenagers in the creative arts.
When the planned 22,000-square-foot building is occupied - after construction ends in summer 2003 - it will be a dream come true for founder and executive/artistic director Susan Rodgerson and the more than 50 students who regularly participate.
The building will include offices, live/work space for artists, galleries, and retail space.
''We're very excited about being a part of the new waterfront neighborhood, and we hope our green building will serve as a model for future development in Boston and beyond,'' she said.
''There are currently three artist-owned buildings in this area, and that means a permanent home for artists. We're in the middle of a capital campaign right now, and I'm optimistic that we'll have the money in place by June or July.''
The group recently had to give up a 35,000-square-foot space it was renting nearby; its temporary space is just 8,500 square feet, ''so we're pretty anxious,'' she said.
Artists for Humanity purchased the site, an 11,000-square-foot parcel and the old horse and carriage barn that's on it, for $1.2 million last year. To date, the organization has raised just under $3 million. The entire project is expected to total $5 million, Rodgerson said.
The Boston Redevelopment Authority will hold a hearing on the plan April 15 at 6:30 at Children's Museum.
A ''green'' or sustainable building is a relatively new concept. Such a structure creates all of its own power, through onsite renewable energy systems and technologies. Green buildings use energy and water more efficiently, recycle materials that would otherwise be disposed of, make full use of natural light, and have a healthy indoor air quality. The new facility will have solar panels on the roof, and south-facing windows to harness energy. A geothermal heat-pump system will utilize earth and air temperatures.
In addition, the exterior of the building will be made from corrugated metal, because it's affordable, provides insulation, and can be made from recycled content.
Three floors will accommodate the students, and a 5,000-square-foot gallery will provide exhibition space.
''We want to develop a relationship with other youth arts organizations like the South Boston Neighborhood House and the Floor Lords Dance Group,'' Rodgerson said.
Rodgerson got the idea for helping city kids ''find a voice through creativity'' when she lived and worked as an artist in the South End in 1990. ''It was at a time when budget cuts affected many Boston schools, and the first thing to go was art,'' she said.
She started with middle school students from the Martin Luther King School in Dorchester. A group of 20 collaborated on a painting that was eventually purchased by the Nellie Mae Fund for Education in Braintree and placed on the cover of its annual report.
''I wanted the kids to earn money for their work to give them respect and responsibility,'' she said. The idea caught on. Rodgerson decided to move into a large space near the waterfront, and the students came to her.
Artists for Humanity offers year-round after-school programs to economically and educationally disadvantaged youths ages 14 to 18. The teens work with professional artists and young artist mentors. Fifty percent of all proceeds from the sale of their work goes directly to the students. The rest supports the program.
Carlo Lewis was just 13 when he met Rodgerson and participated in one of the group's projects. He never left. Today, the architecture school graduate is credited with helping to design the organization's new building.
''There are actually quite a few of us who worked with Arrowstreet, the architectural firm, on the design,'' Lewis said.
Support for the project has been tremendous. The list of contributors includes Arrowstreet Inc., Ropes & Gray, Massachusetts Technology Collaborative Renewable Energy Trust, NStar, Kortenhause Communications, and T.R. White Inc., general contractor.
The neighborhood around the site is changing. The $375 million ''Midway'' project will add 1.5 million square feet of development to the area.
Construction on Artists for Humanity's building is due to begin next year.
This story ran on page E1 of the Boston Globe on 4/6/2002.


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This is the list of products for Destinies.
Characters Explore a dark Medieval-Fantasy Land as they race to fulfill their Destiny
Destinies is a competitive, story-driven, game of adventure and exploration, mixing an app and a board game. The first in a series of games using a brand-new system called Destinies. This game is set in a dark medieval-fantasy universe. The Destinies system offers a fully story-driven, app-support...... More
Sea of Sand Destinies: Expansion
Destinies Boardgame Expansion
Embark on an epic journey to reach the sands of Mahdia, a pirate fortress on the shores of North Africa! Is your army strong enough to break through its walls? Or will the African heat, merciless pirate raiders, and the Ifrit, a creature of Arabic legend, see your dreams of glory sinking into the se...... More
Released 22 March 2022


The whales have big gentle brains and along with the incredible Baja desert landscape, ours will rest and come more into balance.
I've worked hard on getting this trip together for us, with all the details, now let us let life flow….in the land of slow down, mañana Mexico…..
They too have the same Indian expression….A ver….we'll see.
Jai Ho Baja trip and honoring the great leviathans in San Ignacio Lagoon….


text:
package command_cryptic

import "encoding/xml"

type CommandCryptic struct {
	XMLName xml.Name `xml:"http://xml.amadeus.com/HSFREQ_07_3_1A Command_Cryptic"`

	MessageAction *MessageAction `xml:"messageAction"`

	NumberOfUnits *NumberOfUnits `xml:"numberOfUnits,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"

	IntelligentWorkstationInfo *IntelligentWorkstationInfo `xml:"intelligentWorkstationInfo,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"

	LongTextString *LongTextString `xml:"longTextString"`
}

type MessageAction struct {
	MessageFunctionDetails *MessageFunctionDetails `xml:"messageFunctionDetails"`

	ResponseType string `xml:"responseType,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"
}

type MessageFunctionDetails struct {
	BusinessFunction string `xml:"businessFunction,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"

	MessageFunction string `xml:"messageFunction"`

	AdditionalMessageFunction []string `xml:"additionalMessageFunction,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="20"
}

type NumberOfUnits struct {
	NumberOfUnitsDetails1 *NumberOfUnitsDetails1 `xml:"numberOfUnitsDetails1"`

	NumberOfUnitsDetails2 []*NumberOfUnitsDetails2 `xml:"numberOfUnitsDetails2,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="8"
}

type NumberOfUnitsDetails1 struct {
	Units float64 `xml:"units"`

	UnitsQualifier string `xml:"unitsQualifier,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"
}

type NumberOfUnitsDetails2 struct {
	Units *float64 `xml:"units,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"

	UnitsQualifier string `xml:"unitsQualifier,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"
}

type IntelligentWorkstationInfo struct {
	CompanyIdentification string `xml:"companyIdentification,omitempty"`  // minOccurs="0"
}

type LongTextString struct {
	TextStringDetails string `xml:"textStringDetails"`
}


text:
Q: What do the hex numbers in the "first-chance exception..." messages mean? For example, in the message:

First-chance exception at 0x757bd36f in foo.exe: Microsoft C++
  exception: _ASExceptionInfo at memory location 0x001278cc..

What does 0x757bd36f and 0x001278cc mean? I think that 0x757bd36f would mean the EIP at the time the exception was thrown, but what about the second number?

A: As you've surmised, the first is the EIP when the exception happened (or RIP, for 64-it code).
Doing some testing, the second number is the address of the exception object being caught. Keep in mind, however, that this is not the same as the address of the exception object that was thrown. For example, I wrote the following bit of test code:
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>

class XXX { } xxx;

void thrower() {
    throw xxx;
}

int main() {
    try {
        std::cout << "Address of xxx: " << (void *)&xxx << "\n";
        thrower();
    }
    catch(XXX const &x) {
        std::cout << "Address of x: " << (void *)&x << "\n";
    }
    getch();
    return 0;
}

At least in my testing, the second address VS shows in its "first chance exception" message matches with the address I get for x in the code above.


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From the Council Commissioner: January 29, 2021 Guide
Home/Guide Articles/From the Council Commissioner: January 29, 2021 Guide
Return to Scouting
Several times over the past week, I have had someone ask "When are we going to be able to return to Scouting as normal?" That's a great question. Personally, I believe this will be soon. From a Council Commissioner's standpoint, there are a number of indicators that lead me to feel that way. Let me share with you a few of the things that I see.
Programming is starting to ramp up again, although under guarded COVID guidelines. There is a whole list <Continued> of Council activities that is in this Guide edition, including Arctic Adventure, a Cub Winter weekend, Winter Amidships, Maple Syrup Days, Food Good Turn, 3 Council-wide Camporees, NYLT and more. Summer camps are preparing for a great summer. Sign up early to reserve your spot!
The rechartering process has been going better than had been projected earlier this year. Over 50% of Bay-Lakes Council units have turned in their completed charters, 76% have completed the on-line submittal step and only 32 units have not yet begun the process. These numbers are a bit behind, but comparable with where we were last year before COVID hit. We are forecasting that 393 of 423 units will recharter, a 92.9% retention rate. It's possible that there might be a few more units that don't recharter, but we should still net well above the 90% retention rate. While I would prefer that we add units and members, considering the pandemic year, this is a big win for our Council.
Close to 80% of our leaders are current in their Youth Protection Training. This number continues to grow. To me, there is no more important thing that we as leaders can do than to be trained to protect our Scouts. This is an integral part of a unit's ability to recharter.
Packs and troops are being creative in the ways that they meet. Cub Scout packs are using ideas like Lego car derbies and field trips to keep Scouts active. Leaders are becoming used to planning and conducting virtual meetings, which are getting better and more engaging. On Facebook, I see pictures of outdoor meetings and Courts of Honor held around a campfire. Now that says Scouting! Are there units that are struggling? Yes. But we have always had units that have struggled. Leaders continue to work hard to overcome the challenges they face.
Scouts continue to advance. As an example, in the Voyageur District for 2020, 54 Scouts attained the rank of Eagle, the same number as there were in non-COVID 2019. My 6-year-old grandsons in Gathering Waters proudly let me know each time they have earned another belt loop.
There is a lot happening. It's happening differently, but it's happening. Hang in there, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. We are well-positioned for a return to Scouting. Your efforts are making a difference.
Yours in Scouting
Roy LaPean
Council Commissioner
Any questions? Send them along to BAYLAKESCOMMISSIONERHELP@GMAIL.COM.
Shannon Ash2021-01-27T11:35:51-06:00January 27th, 2021|Guide Articles|


The School continues its longtime standing in the top 10. This year it is tied for 7th, making it the 4th best public school of social work in the country.
The School of Social Work joins a number of other UNC-Chapel Hill programs in being highly ranked this year.


I'd like to use the PAR meter. Does Dave still have it?? If so, it would be easy for him and me to make arrangements.
It was passed onto Nik and the meeting, and then I think there was one person after him.
Brandon is picking it up from nik.
What is the status on the PAR Meter? I would like to borrow it to compare a couple new fixtures.
The par meter is back and ready for the next person. Please pm me to set up a time to come pick it up.
Zoobie, I sent you a pm. Will need the par meter. Please get back to me. Thanks!
I would like to use the PAR meter please! Anyone know the status?
I have it. I can either give it to Justin or to Hart just let me know.
I only need it for one night, I can get the readings done pretty fast, so whenever is cool. Took optics off my reefbreeders, raised them, angled them and swapped LED colors. I didn't need all that extra PAR, but hopefully it improves light distribution.
I sent a mssg to Justin. asking if thats ok, just need to make sure no one is in front of you.
I'll be after Hart. Just depends on what Justin says as to if anyone is before him.
Who has the par meter right now?
Hart has it. I will have it back Friday to give to Justin at the DIY food.
Fence 13 now has it and will get it to Justins.


I would like to update a WAMPSERVER 2.4 installation, but all the available updates start from version 2.5.
In the "WAMPServer 3 All you need to know" there is a mention to version 2.4 in the Visual C++ Packages section, but it is not clear to me if the cumulative update will work.
Alternatively, is there an update from 2.4 to 2.5 I could apply first?
What is your Windows version ?
I looked at "Install a new release of Wampserver", but only the title reports "Wampserver 2.x", which would include 2.4, while the body only refers to version 2.5.
For this reason I am not sure and I am asking for advice.
Just because it says 2.5 doesn't mean it only applies to version 2.5.
By reading the procedure carefully, you can understand that it can even apply to a server other than Wampserver.
You say you have found an update 2.4 to 2.5, but I don't know the reliability of it at all.
Thank you for your advice, I will try to apply the cumulative update.
the procedure described in "Installing a new release of WAMPServer" suggested in "WAMPServer 3 All you need to know" does not work for WAMPServer 2.4.
The installation gives the following error "The installation folder chosen is not that of WAMPServer version 2.5".
I wrote about Install a new release of Wampserver not about WAMPServer 3 All you need to know.
There is no upgrade from 2.4 to 3.x and there will never be one.


text:
Q: Trouble writing clojure spec for a schema I have a schema of following structure
{:active? true|false
 :metric 90
 ....
}

The semantics here is that if :active? is false, then :metric should have a value of 0
Yes I can do the following
(s/keys :req-un [::active? ::metric] verify-structure) ;; verify-structure will test the above logic

But this doesn't help me with test data generation as its possible verify-structure can fail for all the generated data.
I guess I'll have to build a custom generator but I'm not sure how to generate dependent fields

A: You could specify a custom generator like this:
(require '[clojure.test.check.generators :as gen])

(gen/let [active? gen/boolean
          metric (if active? (s/gen int?) (gen/return 0))]
  {:active? active? :metric metric})

(gen/sample *1)
({:active? true, :metric 0} {:active? true, :metric -1} ...)

gen/let is a macro that lets you use a familiar let-like syntax, but it expands to test.check fmap and bind calls which you could also use directly.
Once you have your custom generator, you can use s/with-gen to combine it with your spec, or pass it in an overrides map to spec functions that take generator overrides.