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The NCAA begins this weekend starting Friday but Quinnipiac will not kick off until Saturday in the Midwest Regional in Allentown, Pennsylvania where they will take on upstart Arizona State in the first round in the second game of the day following the Minnesota Duluth and Bowling Green game. While Quinnipiac did not play Arizona State this season, they have the past three years so they are familiar with the system and style of play the Sun Devils will throw at them. To me this is an ideal opening round match up for Quinnipiac against a team lacking tournament experience that has not played in almost a month coming east. Here is the preview of the Midwest Regional.
The defending NCAA National Champions come into Midwest Regional as the champions of the NCHC tournament beating regular season champion St. Cloud State 3-2 in double overtime. Head coach Scott Sandelin has built a powerhouse program at Duluth reaching four Frozen Fours including the past two and winning National Championships in 2018 and 2011. Over the past four seasons Duluth has a total of 97 wins which includes another 25 win season this year with 18 underclassmen on the 27 man roster. Sandelin is a coach that gets a ton out of his players despite only having seven draft picks on the roster. This is one of the most experienced tournament teams and they will be a tough out against anyone. They are considered the favorite to win this region.
Duluth doesn't have that one or two huge point getter on the roster as they possess more of a balanced attack from all parts of the roster. Riley Tufte is the lone first round pick on the roster and while the big forward had a bit of a down season with only 18 points compared to 29 a year ago, he still had seven power play goals and remains a big threat to score. Talented young players such as Justin Richards, Nick Swaney, Noah Cates and Cole Koepke have been big contributors to the success of the Bulldogs and will be in the future as well. Richards and Swaney who are both sophomores combined for 25 goals while senior Peter Mackay is the only lone other forward with double figures in goals (12). Duluth's power play is a very solid 23% and they can make you pay especially if teams get into penalty situations during the game.
Defensively this is one of the best teams in the nation giving up just two goals per game. Star defensemen Scott Perunovich had a solid second season despite his goal total dropping off from 11 to 3. He still put up 28 points and was a plus 8 on the season. He's joined by fellow talented sophomores Dylan Samberg and Mikey Anderson. Both of them are a plus 16 each and each can put up points as well with Samberg having 17 and Anderson 24. Both of them along with Perunovich are NHL draft picks. They are also very strong on the penalty kill at 86% for the season as Duluth takes pride in playing strong defense to win games.
On the back end they are led by Hunter Shepard who has won 50 games the past two seasons and is the current NCHC goaltender of the year and most outstanding player of the 2019 NCHC Frozen Faceoff. He's a good size goaltender who elevates his game in the big moments such as the National Title game a year ago and the NCHC Championship game against St. Cloud State. He has 14 shutouts in the past two years alone. His roughest stretch came in early March when he gave up five, four and four goals over three game stretch. Since then he has allowed only four goals in his last four games including a shutout against Denver in the NCHC semifinals.
Quinnipiac surprised a lot of people this season in winning a share of the ECAC regular season championship despite being picked 8th in the media poll and 7th in the coaches all while playing 9-10 freshman a night. It was a masterful coaching job Rand Pecknold who in my opinion should have been the ECAC coach of the year over Casey Jones. A year after the program suffered its first losing season since 1995-1996, Quinnipiac won 25 games to earn a berth into the NCAA tournament for the sixth time in program history. Outside of Chase Priskie, Craig Martin, Scott Davidson and Luke Shiplo who all have experienced the NCAA tournament, the majority of the roster are NCAA newbies. Coming off a disappointing sweep at home by the Brown Bears opened some eyes but with two weeks off you hope with the return of Chase Priskie to the lineup that things will be corrected.
The Bobcats have one of the best offenses in the country led by star sophomore center Odeen Tufto. He plays on a line with freshman Wyatt Bongiovanni and Ethan de Jong and that trio has combined for 90 points this season which is 25% of the teams entire offense. Upperclassmen Craig Martin and Alex Whelan have turned in very solid seasons with 28 and 24 points respectively while another freshman in second line center William Fallstrom has 20 points. The Bobcats generate a lot of offense from their defensive transition game but that has struggled a bit since the loss of top senior blue liner Brandon Fortunato due to a season ending injury. Chase Priskie has 39 points including 17 goals from the back end and does a ton of damage on the power play with ten power play goals. The current top four defensemen have 101 points combined so for Quinnipiac to be successful on offense its start with the defense pushing the puck up the ice quickly to generate scoring chances. Quinnipiac has a top five power play and that will get a boost with the return of Priskie. Playing one of the most penalized teams in Arizona State could bring out the best of one of the best units in the country.
Quinnipiac finished with the third best goals allowed total in the country at 1.92 and the defense has been a staple of some really good Quinnipiac teams in the past half decade. With captain Chase Priskie leading the way, the Bobcats have the ability to smother opponents into submission. The loss of Fortunato has not gone unnoticed as they were one of if not the top defensive pairing in the country. But the Bobcats have depth with upperclassmen like Brogan Rafferty, Karlis Cutske and Luke Shiplo to pick up the slack for Fortunato's loss. Throw in one of the top freshman defensemen in the country in Peter Diliberatore and the Bobcats should be fine on the back end.
Rounding out the balance of the Quinnipiac roster is stud goaltender Andrew Shortridge. Despite not getting the bulk of the starts early in the season, he seized the job from sophomore Keith Petruzzelli when the second year goaltender started to struggle. Shortridge didn't look back posting outstanding numbers for the Bobcats with a 1.51 goals against and a .941 save percentage to win ECAC goaltender of the year. He has come up with numerous highlight reel saves and his play could carry Quinnipiac to the Frozen Four in Buffalo.
Arizona State became the first team since Alaska-Anchorage in 1992 to reach the NCAA tournament as an independent. What the Sun Devils have done in a short time span cannot go unnoticed. To make the NCAA tournament in their 4th season is absolutely astonishing. This is a team with no conference, no real home rink to play in that has to travel around the country to play opponents mostly every weekend. To go from 8 wins a season ago and 21 and an NCAA tournament berth is one of the most surprising things you will ever see in college hockey especially given the limitations Arizona State has at this moment. Head coach Greg Powers deserves a ton of credit for elevating this program from club status to a tournament team in a short time frame. He was a risky hire to begin with as he never coached above the club level but so far it has paid off for the Sun Devils as they will head east for their first ever tournament appearance when they face Quinnipiac.
The Sun Devils are led on offense by Johnny Walker who had 23 goals and 34 points as a sophomore. He is one of three Arizona born players on the roster. However he missed the Minnesota series in early March with an injury but will play in the tournament. How effective he is will be anyone's guess but he accounts for 21% of the Sun Devils goals scored so he is that important to their offense including their power play in which he has 9 goals. Senior Dylan Hollman is tied for second on the team with 12 goals with defensemen Brinson Pasichnuk who is also the Sun Devils second leading scorer with 29 points. The offense is balanced with six other players scoring between 19-23 points respectively. The Sun Devils offense has struggled against some of the higher end tournament teams this season including Clarkson, Cornell, Harvard and Ohio State.
Defensively the Sun Devils are solid but out of the four teams in this bracket, I would take their defense last out of any of them. Brinson Pasichnuk has been a force on the back end with a plus 25 while providing a ton of offense while Joshua Maniscalco has 19 points and is a plus 12. However, the Sun Devils will be down a defensemen due to the suspension of Jacob Wilson who laid a vicious hit in the Minnesota series earning him a two game ban. That should hurt as he is one their more reliable defensive players. While they have a solid penalty kill at 86.4%, the Sun Devils are one of the most penalized teams in the country which could be a very bad thing against one of the top power play units in Quinnipiac.
Joey Daccord has been a rock for the Sun Devils in goal this season starting every game for them. He shaved off more than a goal per game from a season ago along with putting up an impressive .926 save percentage along with seven shutouts. However he was shaky in his last three games against AIC and Minnesota when he gave up four, five, and five goals respectively. With almost a month off, will Daccord have his timing down in live game situations? Daccord has played three games against Quinnipiac in his career including a 53 save performance in a victory two seasons ago in Hamden. A year ago, Daccord was pulled after giving five goals in a loss to Quinnipiac. Daccord is going to need to have a huge game if the Sun Devils want to pull an upset and advance.
Bowling Green returns to the NCAA tournament for the first time in 29 years since the days of when Jerry York was behind the bench for the Falcons. In that time frame there were many lean years but 9th year head coach Chris Bergeron has changed the fortunes for this fan base with six consecutive winning seasons including five straight of 20 or more wins. He has taken the Falcons to two WCHA championship games but each time they fell in overtime. The 25 wins this season are the most since the 1995-1996 season which was the peak of the Buddy Powers era. Expect Chris Bergeron's name to be floated with the opening at Miami once the Bowling Green season comes to a close.
Bowling Green is a led by a trio of talented sophomores who have combined for 116 points this season. Max Johnson, Brandon Kruse and Connor Ford lead a dangerous attack for the Falcons. John and Ford are the goal scorers with 19 and 17 goals respectively while Kruse's 31 assists lead the team. This is a team that has good team speed and is aggressive with the puck. Junior Lukas Craggs has 13 goals as the only other player in double figures in goals. But this is a balanced attack with five more players that have between eight and nine goals on the season so they are getting contributions from all areas of the roster. While the power play is solid at 20% on the season, Johnson and Ford have scored ten power play goals each proving they can put the puck in the net at any chance on the man advantage. The Falcons have the offensive fire power to give a Minnesota Duluth a challenge in this game.
Defensively this is one of the best teams in the country. At 1.82 goals per game they are second in the country in defense. I know they play in the WCHA a league in which the bottom four teams aren't very good. But the Falcons defense showed up in non-conference games as well when they smothered both Ohio State and Western Michigan over four games. They also held Minnesota State to two goals in two regular season games this year. They are team that plays with in its system and does a good job in their own end. Alec Rauhauser is the Falcons best defenseman at a plus 20 and he also scored 26 points from the blue line this season. He's the only higher end point getter for the Falcons but Will Cullen, Tim Theorcharidis, Chris Pohlkamp and Connor McDonald are a combined plus 47 on the back end. Bowling Green's penalty kill is one of the top units in the country at 88.2% which is second nationally. However they are a team that takes a lot of penalty minutes just like Arizona State so they will need to be on their game against a very good Minnesota Duluth power play.
The Falcons are strong in goal with Ryan Bednard who had 20 wins this season to go with a 1.78 goals against and a .926 save percentage including three shutouts. A 2015 7th round pick by the Florida Panthers, Bednard brings excellent size in goal with his 6 foot 5 inch frame and each season has gotten better for Bowling Green. He was a rock down the stretch with five straight wins including four straight in the WCHA tournament prior to the overtime loss to Minnesota State. He could be a difference maker should Bowling Green pull an upset in this game.


text:
Q: Notificaciones push de app a app no encuentro información de como enviar notificaciones push en android studio desde una app "servidor" a varias app.
Les platico rapido de esta app,  pues es un tipo periodico donde solo una app manda las noticias cada que el administrador lo necesite y esta noticia le llega a todos los que tengan la app instalada en su cel ya esta todo hecho pero nadie le avisa a los usuarios que tienen una nuevas noticia, lo que necesito es que cada que el administrador envie una nueva noticia le llegue una notificacion push al todos los que tengan a app, (osea una notificacion en la barra de estado o un chat head o un numerito en el icono de la app ya sea con sonido luz vibracion etc etc o no).

A: La solucion definitiva es usar firebase cloud messaging, con solo un par de linease puedes montar un servicio de push notifications para todos tus usuarios
https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/?hl=es-419

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The European Union refused to registration of Microsoft's trademark Skype
EU Court sided with British Sky Broadcasting Group in a lawsuit with Microsoft over trademark registration of Skype and logo in the form of clouds. Microsoft is trying to register a brand Skype on the European market for many years.
The British company Sky is against the decision, the company asserts that the name of the popular IP-telephony service in tune with its TM Sky.
Moreover the Skype logo contains the image of cloud, while the Sky name translates to English as "sky, heaven". The British company specially conducted surveys in Europe and came to the conclusion that consumers often perceive these two brands as one brand.
The court took into account these arguments and rejected Microsoft's trademark registration Skype.
Microsoft lawyers are going to appeal the court's decision.
By the way, in 2014, Microsoft was forced to change the name of the product due to the claim of the company Sky - the service SkyDrive was renamed to OneDrive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
hurricane formation
News tagged with hurricane formation
Understanding hurricanes and climate change
The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season has officially started, and NASA scientists are working with partners at NOAA, FEMA and other organizations to help communities prepare for these storms and respond to their aftermath. To ...
More category 5 hurricanes forecasted by scientists
In the midst of hurricane season, climatologists around the world are monitoring tropical storm formations that have the potential to escalate into deadly hurricanes. The Atlantic hurricane season included 17 named storms ...
Hurricanes may be getting more severe – do we need a whole new category to describe them?
There's been a devastating trail of destruction and flooding along the east Atlantic coast in the last few weeks following Hurricane Harvey and now Hurricane Irma. The latter, currently moving across Florida, is the strongest ...
Video: What can Hurricane Irma tell us about the future of Atlantic hurricanes?
Anand Gnanadesikan, a climate modeler in Johns Hopkins University's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, examines the atmospheric and oceanic circulation of the tropics, including how changes in circulation can affect ...
NASA provides a 3-D look at Hurricane Seymour
Hurricane Seymour became a major hurricane on Oct. 25 as the Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core satellite analyzed the storm's very heavy rainfall and provided a 3-D image of the storm's structure.
A new look at the eye of the hurricane
Most 5-year-olds relish the chance to build sandcastles and play in the waves during a family trip to the beach. But for Erin Munsell, television coverage of Hurricane Emily trumped the excitement of the ocean. The hurricane ...
Hurricane season expected to be weaker than normal
US weather forcasters said Thursday there is a 90 percent chance that the 2015 hurricane season in the Atlantic, which runs through November 1, will be less active than normal.
US-Japan satellite to study global rain, snow
A new satellite built by NASA and its Japanese counterpart is poised to launch next month on a mission to study rain and snow around the world, the US space agency said Monday.
Tracking dust across the Atlantic
Hundreds of millions of tons of dust are picked up from the deserts of Africa and blown across the Atlantic Ocean each year. That dust helps build beaches in the Caribbean and fertilize soils in the Amazon. It affects air ...
African dust clouds worry Caribbean scientists
Each summer, microscopic dust particles kicked up by African sandstorms blow thousands of miles (kilometers) across the Atlantic to arrive in the Caribbean, limiting airplane pilots' visibility to just a few miles and contributing ...


text:
title: "Certificates Mumbo Jumbo"
excerpt: "Everybody hates Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)"
date: 2014-11-10
header:
  teaser: /images/no_idea.jpg
  og_image: /images/no_idea.jpg
toc: true
toc_sticky: true
tags:
  - howto
  - development
  - security
---

## Everybody hates PKI

Yeah, everybody hates **Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)** and I get that, it increases the complexity of a project and when you have to deal with SSL most of your troubleshooting options go down the drain.

No wonder there's an old **"MIT Curse"** about casting PKI on an enemy team project, cause when you use it to solve a problem you'll end up having many more.

## Secure all the things

However, when **done right**, PKI is currently the best option for securing data exchanges over hostile environments (ex: internet, compromised networks).

> So, why did I mention **"done right"** in the previous sentence?

Because most of the time this happens:

  ![no idea](/images/no_idea.jpg)

If you're reading this post/rant you're probably using client side SSL on your app, so...

## Who can you trust?

> Do you know which Certification Authorities you currently have on your truststore and what is the **certification chain** needed for the target certificate so it validates it successfuly?

If the answer is **NO**, you're doing it wrong! You should only use Root Certification Authorities (CA) you trust and nothing else. Why maintain several CAs that you don't care about and that could end up being compromised?
Yeah, I'm talking about the standard Java `cacerts` file and this message is for all of you who use old Java versions and, with it, old `cacerts` truststores. Do yourself a favor and create your own truststores, specifically for your project.

## Chaining things together

> What da hell is a certificate chain and why should I care?

When you buy a digital certificate, usually it's not signed directly by a Root CA. Instead, it's signed by an intermediate CA, which by its turn is signed by a higher CA, and so on, until it reaches the Root one. This is called the certificate chain. Here's an example:

  ![ssl](/images/google_chain.png)

As you can see, the wildcard certificate for google.com has two more intermediate CAs before the Root CA. So, answering the question above, if your truststore doesn't have all the intermediate CAs you won't be able build the certificate chain and the certificate won't be successfully validated.

## One in a million

> How to guarantee that a certificate from a certain CA is exactly the one I'm expecting and not a random one from the same CA?

Well, a certificate has several fields that you can check against, for example, the fingerprint or the Common Name (CN). Be advised that when you use the fingerprint, if the certificate is renewed, you'll need to update your validation scheme.

## Check it out

> How do I check if a certificate as been revoked by a CA?

There're two mechanisms for that, **Certificate Revocation Lists** (CRL) and **Online Certificate Status Protocol** (OCSP):

*  **CRL** - File with a list of all revoked certificates issued by the CA. You can find a link to download it in the CA certificate.
*  **OSCP** - Service to check if a certain certificate is still valid. If implemented by the CA, you can just query if a certain certificate issued by that CA is still valid.

## Bigger is not always better

> A higher key size, like 4096 bits, is always better, right?

Security wise, definitely! But there's a price to pay. It will have an impact in the performance of your server due to the cryptographic operations using that key. So, a key size of 2048 bits will be your best choice right now, lower than that it will be refused by some servers.

**As a heads up...**

Please keep in mind that you should **never, ever, ever share your private key!** I've heard the most ludicrous reasons for getting a hold on a private key, and the answer should always be: **NO WAY IN HELL!**
{: .notice--danger}

## Command line primer

Time for some useful commands, but before proceeding any further check out the following definitions:

*  **x509** - Public Key Infrastructure standards
*  **`.csr`** - Certificate Signing Request (also known as a pkcs10)
*  **`.der`** - Certificate container binary encoded
*  **`.pem`** - Certificate container base64 encoded
*  **`.key`** - It's just a PEM encoded file containing only the private key
*  **`.p12`** - May contain a certificate, a key and/or multiple certificates like CAs/chains (also known as .pfx or pkcs12)
*  **`.jks`** - Java keystore/trustore may contain a certificate, a key and/or multiple certificates like CAs/chains

### Choose the Common Name
{% highlight bash %}
export DOMAIN="www.example.com"
{% endhighlight %}

### Generate a .key
{% highlight bash %}
openssl genrsa -out $DOMAIN.key 2048
{% endhighlight %}

### Generate a .csr
{% highlight bash %}
openssl req -new -key $DOMAIN.key -subj  "/C=PT/L=Porto/ST=Portugal/O=Epic Organization/OU=Department of Awesomeness/CN=$DOMAIN" -out $DOMAIN.csr

# show the .csr
openssl req -text -noout -verify -in $DOMAIN.csr
{% endhighlight %}

After sending the `.csr` to a CA so it may generate a new certificate, you'll eventually receive a `.pem` or `.der` file.

### Print .pem
{% highlight bash %}
openssl x509 -in $DOMAIN.pem -text
{% endhighlight %}

### Convert .der to .pem
{% highlight bash %}
openssl x509 -in $DOMAIN.der -inform DER -out $DOMAIN.pem -outform PEM
{% endhighlight %}

### Convert .pem to .der
{% highlight bash %}
openssl x509 -in $DOMAIN.pem -out $DOMAIN.der -outform DER
{% endhighlight %}

### Check .key, .pem and .csr
{% highlight bash %}
# all must share the same hash
openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in $DOMAIN.key  | openssl md5
openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in $DOMAIN.pem | openssl md5
openssl req -noout -modulus -in $DOMAIN.csr  | openssl md5
{% endhighlight %}

### Generate .p12
{% highlight bash %}
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey $DOMAIN.key -in $DOMAIN.pem -out $DOMAIN.p12
{% endhighlight %}

### Extract .key and .pem from .p12
{% highlight bash %}
# .pem
openssl pkcs12 -in $DOMAIN.p12 -out $DOMAIN.pem -nokeys -clcerts

# .key
openssl pkcs12 -in $DOMAIN.p12 -out $DOMAIN.key -nocerts
{% endhighlight %}

### Convert .p12 to .jks
{% highlight bash %}
keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass "VeryStrongPass" -destkeypass "VeryStrongPass" -destkeystore $DOMAIN.jks -srckeystore $DOMAIN.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass "VeryStrongPass" -alias 1
{% endhighlight %}

### Convert .jks to .p12
{% highlight bash %}
keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore $DOMAIN.jks -destkeystore $DOMAIN.p12 -srcstoretype JKS -deststoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass "VeryStrongPass" -deststorepass "VeryStrongPass" -srcalias 1 -destalias 1 -srckeypass "VeryStrongPass" -destkeypass "VeryStrongPass" -noprompt
{% endhighlight %}

### List .p12 certificates
{% highlight bash %}
openssl pkcs12 -info -in $DOMAIN.p12
{% endhighlight %}

### List .jks certificates
{% highlight bash %}
keytool -list -v -keystore $DOMAIN.jks
{% endhighlight %}

### Get certificate chain from a webserver
{% highlight bash %}
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect $DOMAIN:443
{% endhighlight %}

### Curl commands

#### Client side test
{% highlight bash %}
curl -v https://$DOMAIN --cert ./public.pem --key ./private.key
{% endhighlight %}

#### Specifying a truststore
{% highlight bash %}
# Add the Root CA to an empty file called trustore.pem
curl -v https://$DOMAIN --cacert trustore.pem
{% endhighlight %}

### Bash functions

I've created a few helper functions that you might find useful, they're [available here](https://github.com/kintoandar/dotfiles/blob/master/.bashrc.d/functions#L67).

## May the PKI be with you

I'm just a _Padawan_ on the ways of PKI and obviously this post is **not** _"everything you wanted to know about PKI and were afraid to ask"_, but I sincerely hope it kicks you down the rabbit hole.

Have fun!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The New Guinea crocodile (Crocodylus novaeguineae) is a small species of crocodile found on the island of New Guinea north of the mountain ridge that runs along the centre of the island. The population found south of the mountain ridge, formerly considered a genetically distinct population, is now considered a distinct species, Hall's New Guinea crocodile (C. halli). In the past it included the Philippine crocodile, C. n. mindorensis, as a subspecies, but today they are regarded as separate species. The habitat of the New Guinea crocodile is mostly freshwater swamps and lakes. It is most active at night when it feeds on fish and a range of other small animals. A female crocodile lays a clutch of eggs in a nest composed of vegetation and she lies up nearby to guard the nest. There is some degree of parental care for newly hatched juveniles. This crocodile was over-hunted for its valuable skin in the mid 20th century, but conservation measures have since been put in place, it is reared in ranches and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists it as being of "Least Concern".

Taxonomy and etymology
The New Guinea crocodile was first described by the American herpetologist Karl Patterson Schmidt in 1928 as Crocodylus novaeguineae. At one time it was thought that there were two subspecies, C. n. novaeguineae, the New Guinea crocodile native to Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea, and C. n. mindorensis, the Philippine crocodile, native to several islands including Busuanga, Luzon, Masbate, Mindoro, Negros, Samar and Mindanao. Most authorities now consider that the Philippine crocodile is an entirely separate species. DNA sequencing data reported in 2011 showed that the Philippine crocodile is, in part, paraphyletic with regard to the New Guinea crocodile, and that the latter may constitutes a population within the Philippine crocodile. Among their two samples for the New Guinea crocodile, one was part of the Philippine crocodile clade and the other was separate, estimated to have diverged 2.6–6.8 million years ago. Both samples were taken from captives (could potentially be misidentified or hybrids) and the result should therefore be treated with caution.

The genus name Crocodylus comes from the Greek kroko which means a pebble and deilos, a worm or man, referring to the knobbly appearance of the dorsal surface of the reptile. The specific epithet novaeguineae is from the Latin and means "of New Guinea". Other common names for this crocodile include New Guinea freshwater crocodile, Singapore large grain, Puk Puk, Buaya air tawar and Wahne huala.

Crocodylus halli, also known as Hall's New Guinea crocodile, is the closest relative of the New Guinea Crocodile. It is also endemic to the island of New Guinea, where it inhabits the lower part of the island, located south of the New Guinea highlands. Crocodylus halli was declared a separate species in 2019, and was named after Philip M. Hall, a researcher at the University of Florida who performed the initial studies to clarify the species' distinctiveness. Both species look very much alike, however they  differ both genetically and regarding the bone structure of their skulls.

Phylogeny
The genus Crocodylus likely originated in Africa and radiated outwards towards Southeast Asia and the Americas, although an Australia/Asia origin has also been considered. Phylogenetic evidence supports Crocodylus diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct Voay of Madagascar, around 25 million years ago, near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary.

Below is a cladogram based on a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data, as revised by the 2021 Hekkala et al. paleogenomics study using DNA extracted from the extinct Voay.

Note: Crocodylus halli is missing in this diagram, as it was declared a separate species a year after Lee & Yates published their findings.

Description
The New Guinea crocodile grows to a length of up to  for males and  for females, and can weigh up to , although most specimens are smaller. In a study, two crocodiles measuring   and weighing   had a bite force in the range of . The body ranges from grey to brown in colour, with darker bandings on the tail and body which become less noticeable as the animal grows. Longitudinal ridges in front of the eyes and some granular scales on the back of the neck between four large scales are distinctive features of this species. There are some differences between the northerly and southerly populations in the morphology of the skull and the arrangement of the scales. The snout is pointed and relatively narrow during juvenile stages and becomes wider as the animal matures. The New Guinea crocodile bears a physical similarity to the nearby Philippine crocodile (C. mindorensis) and Siamese crocodile (C. siamensis). The colouring is similar to that of the freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnsoni) of northern Australia, but the snout is somewhat shorter and broader.

Distribution and habitat
This crocodile is to be found in the freshwater swamps, marshes and lakes of northern New Guinea, particularly in the interior. It has been known to enter brackish waters but is very rare in coastal areas, and never found in the presence of the competing saltwater crocodile (C. porosus). The animal was first described from the area of the Sepik River in the north of Papua New Guinea. The closely related Hall's New Guinea crocodile is found in the southern half of the island, with a range that extends from southeastern Papua New Guinea to the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. It is separated from the New Guinea crocodile by the New Guinea Highlands, a mountain range that runs along the centre of the island. DNA analysis has revealed these to be genetically distinct species, and there are some differences in their morphology and behavior. There are estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000 New Guinea and Hall's New Guinea crocodiles in the wild.

Behaviour

New Guinea crocodiles have a mostly aquatic lifestyle and are largely nocturnal. They spend much of the day underwater, often with their nostrils and eyes above the surface. Powerful side-to-side movements of their tails propel them through the water and they use both tail and legs to steer. When on land, they favour shady, dense areas of undergrowth. They tend to bask in a group during the day, dispersing at night to feed.

Females become sexually mature when about  long and males at about . Eggs are laid about 14 days after mating. In the northern population, breeding takes place during the dry season between August and October. A floating nest composed of vegetation is made in a shallow water location such as in an overgrown channel, at the edge of a lake, on a scroll swale or beside a stream. A clutch of between 22 and 45 eggs is laid and covered with further vegetation. In the southern population, the wet season is chosen for reproduction. The nest is sometimes built in similar locations to the northern nests, but is more often on land, and a smaller number of rather larger eggs is laid. In both populations, the mother stays near the nest during the incubation period, which lasts about 80 days. When the eggs start to hatch, the emerging young are quite vocal, and both male and female crocodiles have been observed transporting hatching and newly hatched young to open water, carrying them delicately in their mouths.

Newly hatched New Guinea crocodiles feed on aquatic insects, spiders, tadpoles, freshwater snails, frogs, fish and small mammals. As they grow, so does the size of their prey and their consumption of fish rises, but they still will eat anything of a worthwhile size that they can find. An adult's diet is largely fish, caught by sweeping the snout sideways and snapping at the prey, but also includes shrimps, crabs, frogs, snakes, birds and medium-sized mammals. A crocodile catches its prey by stealth with a flick of its head, impaling it with its sharp teeth and gripping and crushing it. The jaws cannot move sideways to chew the food; instead, the crocodile's head is tossed to move the prey to the back of the mouth before the prey is swallowed whole. This crocodile is surprisingly agile and can lunge its body upward into the air to catch bats, flying birds, and leaping fish. It can also probe into the mud at the bottom of a river or swamp with its snout to search for crabs and mollusks.

Adult and young New Guinea crocodiles have a range of vocalisations. An adult female can produce a repeated throaty "roar" when approached by another adult. The young start communicating with each other while still in the egg; this may help synchronise hatching. Newly hatched juveniles use various yelps and grunts. When startled, a warning sound emitted by one will send all the juveniles diving to the bottom of the water. Adults in the vicinity respond with growls, threats, and attacks. The distress noises of a youngster when handled at a ranching facility was observed to cause all the larger animals to become involved in frenzied activity, with some rushing towards the juvenile and others thrashing about in the water and slapping their heads down on the surface.

Status and conservation

The IUCN listed this crocodile as being "Vulnerable" in its Red List of Threatened Species in 1986 and 1988, but changed the assessment to "Least Concern" in 1996. At the time it was stated that the animal has a large area of suitable habitat and seemed to be plentiful. Its status has not been reassessed since then. It is included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

The skin of the New Guinea crocodile is valuable and in the 1950s and 1960s the animals in the northern population were heavily hunted to a point where they might have become extinct. Around 1970, legislation was put in place and they received some protection. In the period 1977 to 1980, the harvest of wild skins was over 20,000 per year but in the 1980s this declined to 12,000 to 20,000. As well as this, some 2,500 to 10,000 eggs and hatchlings were collected annually to raise on ranches. However, in 1995, the largest ranch on the island initiated a change of strategy to concentrate on raising the saltwater crocodile, and demand for the eggs and juveniles of the New Guinea crocodile dried up. Since then, cropping of wild animals has been controlled in both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. In the former it is limited to a belly width of  for wet skins and in the latter to salted skins with a belly width of . Some eggs and hatchlings are still removed from the nest and raised in enclosures and a similar programme has more recently been initiated for southern populations.

2018 killing of New Guinea crocodiles

In July 2018, a man was reportedly killed by a saltwater crocodile in a breeding farm in West Papua, Indonesia. Locals then killed 292 saltwater and New Guinea crocodiles at the farm in revenge.

See also
 Wildlife of Indonesia

References

External links

Crocodylidae
Endemic fauna of New Guinea
Reptiles described in 1928
Crocodilians of New Guinea
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
University of Melbourne brings GreenTouch efforts down under
A new research centre at the University of Melbourne aims to make the internet and telecommunications a Greener place by exploring and developing improved fundamental technologies.
The Centre for Energy-Efficient Telecommunications (CEET), established by the university in partnership with Alcatel-Lucent's research arm Bell Labs, will utilise a staff of 22 to research and develop more energy efficient technologies in telecommunications and networking over three years.
"Today, telecommunications networks in Australia use about one percent of our energy supply and with increasing demands for bandwidth," Rod Tucker, an advisory member of the centre and director of the university's Institute for a Broadband-enabled Society (IBES), said in a statement.
"This is expected to grow dramatically – unless we find ways to make our networks more efficient."
Both partners in the centre were some of the earliest members of the GreenTouch consortium, a panel of research institutions with telecommunications vendors and operators formed to share knowledge and reduce the global consumption of internet backbone technologies by a factor of 1000 over five years. The consortium yielded its first fruit last month with the revealing of plans for advanced antennae and virtual modems.
Though the newly established centre will contribute to the consortium's efforts, staff will undertake nine separate projects of their own volition.
Included these are explorations of areas such as Cloud computing and content distribution networks, next generation networks and the possibility of developing an energy star rating for internet services.
The centre has already committed to projects exploring the energy efficiency of wave modulation, point-to-point access networks and analogue-to-digital converters. Further projects are also planned to explore wireless networks, packet switching, and power measurements of routers.
Tucker has been a long-held proponent of a more energy efficient internet, with claims popular technologies such as Cloud computing could in effect be less Green than on-site data centres.
Follow Computerworld Australia on Twitter: @ComputerworldAU


One of the trending stocks on Friday was AgEagle Aerial Systems, Inc. (NYSE:UAVS). The number of shares transacted for the day under observation was 1099992 contracts. Over the past one week, the average daily trading volume came in at about 321860 shares per day. The regular trading started at $0.45 but as the trading evolved, the stock escalated, finishing the session with a gain of 21.63%. Its shares recently registered a price of $0.58 apiece.
The shares of the company (UAVS) staged the smart recovery and have roared back some 45.28% after stumbling to its new 52-weeks low. The share price volatility of the stock remained at 14.96% for the week and by increasing the timeframe to a month, the volatility stood at 11.35%. As for the share price, it has gone above the 20 days moving average and is now hovering within a distance of 19.47%. Currently the price is sitting at 19.28% higher than its 50 days moving average. Analyzing the last five market sessions, the stock was able to report 21.07% gains, thus going down by -51.77%, compared with its 200-day moving average of $0.8658.
Sientra, Inc. (SIEN) was also brought into the spotlight with a $0.5 rise. As the regular session came to an end, the price changed by 6% to $8.84. The trading of the day started with the price of the stock at $8.22. However, at one point, in the middle of the day, the price touched a high of $8.97 before it finally returned some of the gains. Analyzing SIEN this week, analysts seem to be content with keeping to their bright forecast call at 1.3. Sientra, Inc. analysts gave 4 buy-equivalent recommendations, 0 sells and 2 holds. This company shares tumbled -67% from their most recent record high of $26.79 and now hold $257.95 million in market value of equity.
SIEN's mean recommendation on Reuter's scale has been revised upward from 1.38 thirty days ago to 1.78 now. This is an indication of a buy consensus from the analysts' society. They expect that Sientra, Inc. (SIEN) price will be reaching a mean target of $23 a share. This implies that they believe the stock has what it takes to lift the price another 160.18%. The recent close goes a long way in suggesting that the stock price is being underpriced by a 205.43% compared to the most bullish target.


Learn what tools are needed to make basic jewelry, and how to use them. You'll learn how to design a "waterfall" pendant, string a bracelet, and make a simple pair of earrings. You'll have a great time and find out what great gifts you can make (or keep for yourself).


Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the strategies Monterey community leaders employed and which strategies they perceive contributed to the city of Monterey's successfully averting base closure and/or realignment in 1995 and 2005. The study raised an important research question: what strategies do community leaders perceive contributed to the city of Monterey's successfully averting base closure and/or realignment in 1995 and 2005?
Methodology: The research used both personal interviews of key leaders in the Monterey community with connections to the BRAC process in the last 20 years and examination of artifacts and documents used in the process of defending against base closure. Data were analyzed and organized into themes to reach conclusions on what strategies helped the city of Monterey be successful in averting the threat of military base closure in the last two rounds of BRAC.
Findings: The Monterey community has developed an ability to navigate the BRAC process through lessons learned from going through multiple closure rounds. The community was able to align BRAC defense with what is good for the military mission. The city of Monterey took a central role in defending against BRAC by communicating with stakeholders and creating a strong web of interdependencies. Through building long-term partnerships, the Monterey Model was instrumental in defending against BRAC in the last two rounds as a cost-saving force multiplier. Monterey community leaders established a connection between the local efforts and the national decision makers through building coalitions and networks. Finally, the Monterey community is constantly vigilant and continually improving its ability to defend against future BRAC rounds.
Conclusions: Monterey's successful strategies developed by the community included three elements. First, vigilant defense communities plan early. Second, smart communities align BRAC defense with the military mission. Third, practical BRAC communities build lasting partnerships.
Recommendations: Other defense communities can duplicate the successful Monterey BRAC experience through early planning defense efforts both locally, state level, and nationally. Measurable cost-savings partnership is a winning strategy for any defense community. Integrating military personnel and their families into the community is essential to building true long-term partnerships.
Alanazi, Mowafiq W., "Monterey Military-Civil Cooperation: A Case Study on Successful Community Defense Against BRAC" (2017). Dissertations. 120.


Funding and inclusion in higher education institutions for students with disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2019 29;8(0):336. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Department of Political and International Studies, Rhodes University, South Africa.
Pastoral ministry and persons with disabilities: The case of the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe.
Afr J Disabil 2019 20;8:431. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
Department of Religion and Social Transformation, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Current access and recruitment practices in nursing education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal: A case study of student nurses with disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2019 20;8:429. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Background: While institutions of higher education may have increased access and accommodation for students with disabilities, institutions primarily providing nurse training in South Africa do not mirror the same practice.
Improvements in health-related quality of life and function in middle-aged women with chronic diseases of lifestyle after participating in a non-pharmacological intervention programme: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
Afr J Disabil 2019 25;8:428. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Ubuntu considered in light of exclusion of people with disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:460. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, South Africa.
Exploring the concerns of persons with disabilities in Western Zambia.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:446. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
International Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Canada.
The impact of stroke on people living in central Uganda: A descriptive study.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:438. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Background: Knowledge about perceived impact of stroke on everyday life as well as rehabilitation needs after stroke in Uganda is necessary to identify and develop rehabilitation interventions.
Objectives: To explore and describe clinical characteristics and functioning during the acute or subacute phase and chronic phase, as well as the impact of stroke on everyday life during the chronic phase in stroke survivors in central Uganda.
Investigating barriers teachers face in the implementation of inclusive education in high schools in Gege branch, Swaziland.
Afr J Disabil 2018 6;7:391. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of ABET and Youth Development, University of South Africa, South Africa.
Part 2: The feasibility of utilising photovoice method and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument in evaluating the Community-Based Rehabilitation programme in Namibia: A pilot study.
Afr J Disabil 2018 1;7(0):419. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Part 1: A review of using photovoice as a disability research method: Implications for eliciting the experiences of persons with disabilities on the Community Based Rehabilitation programme in Namibia.
Afr J Disabil 2018 1;7(0):418. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
Background: Although the Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Namibia was formally adopted in 1997, the effectiveness of the programme, including the experiences of persons with disabilities on the programme, has not been assessed to date.
Objectives: To explore the need for a qualitative evaluation tool for the CBR programme that can elicit the experiences of persons with disabilities.
The carry-over effect of an aquatic-based intervention in children with cerebral palsy.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7(0):361. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Parents of children with disabilities: A systematic review of parenting interventions and self-efficacy.
Afr J Disabil 2018 17;7:437. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: An increasing body of empirical evidence suggests that early intervention has positive outcomes for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Parental self-efficacy has been used as an outcome measure in some empirical studies; however, there is a lack of evidence of the impact of parent training programmes on parenting self-efficacy beliefs.
Perceptions and satisfaction of caregivers regarding rehabilitation services from selected rehabilitation centres in the Western Cape.
Afr J Disabil 2018 25;7:415. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
Background: Understanding caregivers' views on rehabilitation services is important as it may assist in informing healthcare services and patient management.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore caregivers' perceptions and satisfaction regarding rehabilitation services in the Western Cape, South Africa, and to inform clinical practice and policy in this emerging field.
Implementation of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Zimbabwe: A review.
Afr J Disabil 2018 22;7:389. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Nehanda Centre for Gender and Cultural Studies, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe.
Support to address barriers to learning for learners who are deaf.
Afr J Disabil 2018 22;7:381. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa.
Background: There is great importance in support services for successfully addressing the barriers to learning optimally or learners who are deaf. The study, though conducted in South Africa, has national and international appeal.
The relationship between social support and participation in stroke: A systematic review.
Afr J Disabil 2018 10;7:357. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
Deafening silence on a vital issue: The World Health Organization has ignored the sexuality of persons with disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2018 16;7:474. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Analysing disability policy in Namibia: An occupational justice perspective.
Afr J Disabil 2018 31;7:401. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
Canadian Disability Policy Alliance, Canada.
Preferred rehabilitation setting among stroke survivors in Nigeria and associated personal factors.
Afr J Disabil 2018 17;7:352. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Background: Incorporating patients' preferences in the care they receive is an important component of evidence-based practice and patient-centred care.
Objective: This study assessed stroke patients' preferences regarding rehabilitation settings.
The effect of synchronised metronome training: A case study in a single leg, below knee Paralympic sprinter.
Afr J Disabil 2018 23;7:367. Epub 2018 May 23.
Centre for Human Performance Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Simple ideas that work: Celebrating development in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2018 5;7:273. Epub 2018 Jun 5.
The Chaeli Campaign, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: The purpose of this article is to share some lessons learnt by an interdisciplinary therapy team working with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), implemented in diverse, low-income contexts over a period of 8 years.
Objectives: The objective of all the activities described here was to provide increased stimulation and development opportunities for persons with PIMD within different settings (day care centre, residential centre or family home).
The benefits of hydrotherapy to patients with spinal cord injuries.
Afr J Disabil 2018 16;7(0):450. Epub 2018 May 16.
School of Biokinetics Recreation and Sport, Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, South Africa.
Intellectual disability rights and inclusive citizenship in South Africa: What can a scoping review tell us?
Afr J Disabil 2018 25;7:396. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Hearing children of Deaf parents: Gender and birth order in the delegation of the interpreter role in culturally Deaf families.
Afr J Disabil 2018 30;7:365. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Background: Culturally, hearing children born to Deaf parents may have to mediate two different positions within the hearing and Deaf cultures. However, there appears to be little written about the experiences of hearing children born to Deaf parents in the South African context.
Lessons from the pilot of a mobile application to map assistive technology suppliers in Africa.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:422. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
'How deep are your pockets?' Autoethnographic reflections on the cost of raising a child with autism.
Afr J Disabil 2018 27;7:356. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Department of Religious Studies and Arabic, University of South Africa, South Africa.
Background: In this article, we reflected on our experience of the cost of parenting a child with autism, including our ongoing search for educational and therapeutic intervention.
Objectives: We aimed to give an academic insight into the state of autism education and care in South Africa as seen by us, with special attention to its cost and sustainability.
Communication rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of speech and language therapists.
Afr J Disabil 2018 12;7:338. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Health Professions Department, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.
Background: Workforce factors present a significant barrier to the development of rehabilitation services for people with communication disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Exploring how the work of speech and language therapists (SLTs) in the region is organised and delivered can provide insight into existing services, areas for future workforce development and improved rehabilitation access for people with communication disability.
The postural stability of children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders during one-leg stance: A feasibility study.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:319. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Background: Postural control may be impaired in children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The study assessed the protocol feasibility in terms of (1) recruiting children with FASD in a rural, small town; (2) using the measurement instruments in a real-life setting; (3) the one-leg standing (OLS) task and (4) presenting preliminary results on postural stability of children with and without FASD.
An analysis of trunk kinematics and gait parameters in people with stroke.
Afr J Disabil 2018 29;7:310. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Dyslexic learners' experiences with their peers and teachers in special and mainstream primary schools in North-West Province.
Afr J Disabil 2018 5;7(0):363. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
Department of Applied Languages, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.
'I felt pain. Deep pain…': Experiences of primary caregivers of stroke survivors with aphasia in a South African township.
Afr J Disabil 2018 8;7:368. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Department of Physiotherapy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa.
Afr J Disabil 2017 28;6:423. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
International Society of Wheelchair Professionals, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Psychological well-being of adolescents with physical disabilities in Zimbabwean inclusive community settings: An exploratory study.
Afr J Disabil 2017 26;6:325. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Wheelchair services and use outcomes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya and the Philippines.
Afr J Disabil 2017 20;6:318. Epub 2017 Oct 20.
Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dalhousie University, Canada.
Background: The World Health Organisation recommends that services accompany wheelchair distribution. This study examined the relationship of wheelchair service provision in Kenya and the Philippines and wheelchair-use-related outcomes.
Adaptation of the curriculum for the inclusion of learners with special education needs in selected primary schools in the Fort Beaufort District.
Afr J Disabil 2017 11;6:377. Epub 2017 Oct 11.
School of Further and Continuing Education, Faculty of Education, University of Fort Hare, South Africa.
Background: There is need for 'high-quality' teachers who are equipped to meet the needs of all learners through provision of education for an inclusive society according to equal opportunities to all.
Objective: This paper investigates pockets of good practice in the adaptation of the curriculum for the inclusion of learners with special education needs (SEN) in selected primary schools in the Fort Beaufort District.
Development of wheelchair caster testing equipment and preliminary testing of caster models.
Afr J Disabil 2017 28;6:358. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, United States.
Background: Because of the adverse environmental conditions present in less-resourced environments (LREs), the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that specialised wheelchair test methods may need to be developed to support product quality standards in these environments. A group of experts identified caster test methods as a high priority because of their common failure in LREs, and the insufficiency of existing test methods described in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Wheelchair Testing Standards (ISO 7176).
Wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana.
Afr J Disabil 2017 28;6:341. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.
Background: Accessibility implies making public places accessible to every individual, irrespective of his or her disability or special need, ensuring the integration of the wheelchair user into the society and thereby granting them the capability of participating in activities of daily living and ensuring equality in daily life.
Objective: This study was carried out to assess the accessibility of the physical infrastructures (public buildings) in the Kumasi metropolis to wheelchairs after the passage of the (Act 716, 2006).
The experiences and challenges faced by rehabilitation community service therapists within the South African Primary Healthcare health system.
Afr J Disabil 2017 26;6:311. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Afr J Disabil 2017 26;6:300. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
School of Accounting, Finance and Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Background: People with disabilities are at increased risk of poverty, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. However, recent evidence suggests that this association is more nuanced than previously anticipated and that we need better data to understand the opportunity and out-of-pocket costs that diverse groups of people with disabilities may experience.
'When he's up there he's just happy and content': Parents' perceptions of therapeutic horseback riding.
Afr J Disabil 2017 26;6:307. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Background: There is limited global and South African research on parents' perceptions of therapeutic horseback riding (THR), as well as their perceptions of the effect of the activity on their children with disabilities.
Objective: To explore and describe parents' perceptions and experiences of THR as an activity for their children with disabilities.
Challenges faced by parents of children with learning disabilities in Opuwo, Namibia.
Afr J Disabil 2017 26;6:283. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Department of Social Work and Criminology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
The development and evaluation of content validity of the Zambia Spina Bifida Functional Measure: Preliminary studies.
Afr J Disabil 2017 24;6:264. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Enhancing reading abilities of learners with intellectual impairments through computer technology.
Afr J Disabil 2017 24;6:206. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Academic Literacy, Fundani, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.
Development and evaluation of a wheelchair service provision training of trainers programme.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:360. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, United States.
Forgotten, excluded or included? Students with disabilities: A case study at the University of Mauritius.
Afr J Disabil 2017 29;6:359. Epub 2017 Aug 29.
College of Law and Management Studies, School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, Discipline of Information Systems and Technology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Background: Students with disabilities in the tertiary education sector are more than a just a phenomenon, they are a reality. In general, little attention is devoted to their needs despite the fact that they need more care and attention.
A conceptual framework to assess effectiveness in wheelchair provision.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:355. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Social Media and Global Health, Lund University, Sweden.
Wheelchair users, access and exclusion in South African higher education.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:353. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Motivation Peer Training - Bridging the gap for people with mobility disabilities.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:350. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Programme Development Department, Motivation Charitable Trust, United Kingdom.
Background: Only 2% of people with disabilities in developing countries have access to basic services and rehabilitation.
Use of a design challenge to develop postural support devices for intermediate wheelchair users.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:346. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Monitoring Evaluation Research Unit, Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Kenya.
The long-term impact of wheelchair delivery on the lives of people with disabilities in three countries of the world.
Afr J Disabil 2017 8;6:344. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Department of Physical Therapy, Azusa Pacific University, United States.
Background: Lack of access to mobility for people with disabilities, particularly in less- resourced settings, continues to be widespread. Despite challenges to wheelchair delivery, the benefits to health, employment, social integration and life satisfaction are apparent.


text:
U.S. railroad worker fight for pay, benefits could be model for other deals
Credit: REUTERS/CHRIS HELGREN
September 16, 2022 — 06:00 am EDT
Written by Lisa Baertlein and Doyinsola Oladipo for Reuters ->
By Lisa Baertlein and Doyinsola Oladipo
LOS ANGELES/NEW YORK, Sept 15 (Reuters) - Union railworkers in the United States scored a potential key victory in their fight for improved pay and working conditions on Thursday in what could be a model for other unions.
Major U.S. railroads and unions representing tens of thousands of workers reached a tentative deal after 20 hours of talks brokered by U.S. Labor Secretary Marty Walsh, averting a railway strike.
While not directly applicable to ongoing negotiations at U.S. West Coast ports and upcoming talks at United Parcel Service UPS.N, the rail workers' potential win could embolden other workers who have toiled through the COVID-19 pandemic while watching employers reap record profits, labor experts said.
Playing in the favor of unions and their members is a tight labor market, as well as a new generation of workers who demand safer working conditions.
"The pandemic didn't simply cause stress, but really highlighted deep discontent that many workers have had, including in rail, but had been putting up with," said Harley Shaiken, labor professor emeritus at University of California Berkeley. "We're at a critical moment."
President Joe Biden, in announcing the deal on Thursday with such companies as Union Pacific Railroad UNP.N and Berkshire Hathaway-owned BNSF Railway BRKa.N, praised it as a model for other company-union agreements.
The rail deals - hammered out between the companies and a dozen unions - must still be ratified, but they include large wage increases, monthly health contribution freezes, a framework for assigned days off and time off for sick days, doctor visits and medical care.
Workers with similar demands likely "would take this as a win or an opportunity to feel like they have some leverage," Stifel analyst Benjamin Nolan said.
That could especially apply in industries where workers kept the economy moving while many sheltered at home, and without whom vital transportation systems, delivery services and healthcare would have suffered, experts said.
The issues resonate across all sectors, whether it is railworkers, West Coast dockworkers, UPS delivery drivers, intensive care unit nurses, Amazon.com Inc AMZN.O warehouse workers or Starbucks Corp SBUX.O baristas, some of whom are pushing to organize unions, said Peter Rachleff, a professor and U.S. labor researcher at Macalester College in Minnesota.
Employees have more power as many businesses are short-staffed, some because of years of cost cutting or pandemic-fueled attrition, he said, and those employees are pushing back against longer hours.
'INTOLERABLE CONDITIONS'
The negotiations in the rail industry certainly drew the attention of others, including the head of the union representing some 22,000 West Coast port workers now in labor talks.
"No weekends, no holidays, getting fired for getting sick or attending funerals, three worker fatalities in 10 days - No one should be forced to accept intolerable working conditions," International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) President Willie Adams said in a statement on Wednesday before the rail deal was announced. His members work for global ocean shipping lines like A.P. Moller-Maersk MAERSKb.CO.
Even Teamster-represented UPS workers, including drivers who complain about the scorching temperatures in the cabs of their trucks, are threatening to strike when their contract expires next year.
While union membership has declined over the decades, support for unions is making a comeback, partly driven by unrest by workers over their treatment, experts said. They are finding more support from a sympathetic public.
More than two-thirds of Americans polled by Gallup in August approved of labor unions, the highest reading in more than five decades. Meanwhile, requests to hold elections to determine if employees wish to unionize increased 58% year-over-year during the nine months ended June 30, according to the National Labor Relations Board.
"The pandemic gave workers a different view on what they should have to put up with at work. It's just not OK to go back to the way things were," Harvard Law School Professor Sharon Block said.
Indeed, railworkers received support from several industry groups representing hundreds of customers, who in letters to lawmakers complained rail service suffered from layoffs and other cutbacks while prices increased. Railroads inflamed that ire by cutting rail services before this week's deadline for a deal, worsening train delays and cargo backups.
U.S. rail strike averted, but labor deal faces tough union votes
QUOTE BOX-Reactions to deal between U.S. railroads and unions
BREAKINGVIEWS-U.S. railways steer clear of crisis
(Reporting by Lisa Baertlein in Los Angeles and Doyinsola Oladipo in New York; Additional reporting by Aishwarya Nair and Nathan Gomes in Bengaluru Editing by Ben Klayman and Matthew Lewis)
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Localist
How I Made It 2019
See All of H&M's Designer Collaborations
#BalmainArmy is teaming up with H&M… Get ready for #HMBalmaination, and check out all the past H&M collaborations
by Cloe Behrman
List of H&M Designer Collabs
Not only did Balmain steal the red carpet at the Billboard Music Awards, where Kylie and Kendall Jenner, Jourdan Dunn, Taylor Swift, Lily Aldridge and Chrissy Teigen all wore the Parisian brand, it was also announced that creative director Olivier Rousteing will create a limited-edition line in collaboration with H&M. The collection will be available in select H&M stores on November 5.
In honour of the Balmain x H&M collaboration, we put together the complete list of H&M collaborations over the years, from Karl Lagerfeld in 2004 to last year's Alexander Wang. Click through to see them all!
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Kyle Idleman grew up the son of a seminary president, and though he grew up in a healthy home and loved his involvement in his local church, the expectations of becoming a pastor caused teenaged Kyle to claim he'd never be a pastor. God had other plans.
After taking a preaching gig in college solely for the fifty bucks it paid for each sermon, by the time Kyle had preached for six weeks, he felt God's call, and what's more, he loved preaching. He likes to joke that God "tricked" him into this calling.
On this episode, Mike Cosper sits down with Kyle to discuss his career as a church planter, his role as senior pastor of a 20,000+ member megachurch, and his evolution as an author. It's an encouraging conversation.
Cultivated is a production of Harbor Media and Narrativo Group. This episode was produced by Mike Cosper, edited by Quinnette Connor, and recorded and mixed by TJ Hester. Our theme song is by Roman Candle, with additional music by Dan Phelps and Roman Candle. Special thanks to Don Gates and Cary Meyer for making this interview happen.


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Home Real Estate Law North Dakota Oliver County
Oliver County, North Dakota Real Estate Lawyers
Find Oliver County, North Dakota Real Estate Attorneys by City
Chad Anderson
Burleigh County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 4 years experience
(701) 214-5277	407 East Avenue C.
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Bankruptcy, Estate Planning and Probate
University of North Dakota School of Law
Chad Anderson Law Firm specializes in Bankruptcy, Probate, and Estate Planning
Paul C. Germolus
Burleigh County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 22 years experience
(701) 255-2010	1915 N. Kavaney Dr., Suite 3
Real Estate, Agricultural, Business and Energy
Paul C. Germolus has been in the practice of law in Bismarck, ND for over 21 years, and is a founding partner of the Germolus Knoll & Leibel, LLP Law Firm. His primary areas of practice are business and commercial transactions, real estate, agricultural law, oil and gas, probate and estate planning. Paul was raised on a farm outside Borup, Minnesota where he was involved with his family's grain and livestock farming operation. In 1989, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from North Dakota State University in agricultural economics and a minor in business administration, with additional emphasis...
(701) 226-9115	1301 Tacoma Ave., Suite 108
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Personal Injury
University of South Dakota School of Law
Grant Walker is a licensed attorney in North Dakota and South Dakota. Additionally, Grant is admitted to the Bar of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota, admitted to the Bar of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota, and admitted to the Bar of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. Grant is also a licensed real estate broker in North Dakota. Grant specializes in the areas of criminal law, personal injuries, and real estate law.
Grant has an impressive legal career as a former State's Attorney, Special...
Robin Lynn Thompson
(701) 739-3838	PO Box 85
Real Estate, Administrative, Construction and Energy
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
James W. Martens
Burleigh County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 12 years experience
(701) 223-2000	402 E. Main Ave., Ste. 100
Real Estate, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Probate
Isaac J Zimmerman
Burleigh County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney
(800) 767-3557	Kirkwood Office Tower 919 S. 7th St., Suite 607
Real Estate, Agricultural, Business and Construction
Isaac is an attorney and certified public accountant. He represents farmers, ranchers, estates, owners of mineral interests, and owners of closely held businesses in a range of legal and tax matters. Isaac graduated from Cornell University and practiced with a national accounting firm in New York and Nevada before attending law school at the University of St. Thomas. He worked for a real estate development company during and immediately after law school. Isaac's father grew up on a ranch north of Napoleon, North Dakota and his mother's family operated a small business in the Fargo-Moorhead area....
Sandra Kay Kuntz
Stark County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 26 years experience
(701) 483-4507	536 West Villard
Dickinson, ND 58601
Real Estate, Divorce and Family
Joel Matthew Fremstad
Cass County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 22 years experience
(855) 478-7620	3003 32nd Ave S, Suite 240
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Appeals, Business and Construction
At Fremstad Law, building trusted client relationships is central to our practice. Understanding the individual needs of each client is where we excel, and it is what makes our work so rewarding to us. Joel Fremstad founded the firm in 2008 with the vision of creating a practice that is capable of doing more than simply finding legal solutions, but also of having the wisdom and care to develop relationships with clients and to provide a more thoughtful, meaningful experience.
Relationships are fundamental to life, and Joel, in particular, can vouch for that. He has cultivated a thriving practice based on...
James A. Teigland
Barnes County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 6 years experience
(855) 478-7620	200 Central Ave N
Valley City, ND 58072
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Collections, Construction and Landlord Tenant
William Mitchell College of Law
Attorney James Teigland is a Moorhead native who graduated from Park Christian High School of Moorhead in 2006 and attended Minnesota State University Moorhead where he studied Economics until he graduated in 2010. Mr. Teigland attended William Mitchell College of Law from 2010-2013, and is licensed to practice in Minnesota and North Dakota. While attending law school, Mr. Teigland volunteered as a Law Clerk at the Council on Crime and Justice, clerked for Judge John P. Smith, Externed at Merrill Corporation, and was a Legal Assistant at the Sortland Law Office. After law school Mr. Teigland started...
Kaitlin DeCrescente
Williams County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 3 years experience
(701) 577-2000	111 East Broadway
Real Estate, Business, Estate Planning and Probate
Growing up in a farming family in Williston, North Dakota, Kaitlin understands the unique legal challenges that come with the changing dynamic of western North Dakota. She has handled a wide range of legal issues in her career, but she currently focuses on transactional matters, including probate, oil and gas, property matters, estate planning, business law, municipal law, and zoning issues. Kaitlin also does appellate work and has ably represented clients before the North Dakota Supreme Court. Kaitlin currently serves as the civil Municipal Attorney for Fairview, Montana, and she has previously served as an Assistant City Attorney for Williston,...
Kelsey Arnold Krapp
Stutsman County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 7 years experience
(701) 252-1800	123 1st Avenue South
Real Estate, Construction, Estate Planning and Landlord Tenant
Kelsey (commonly known as "Lou") was born and raised on his family's farm and bison ranch near Pingree, North Dakota. After graduating from Pingree-Buchanan High School, he attended the University of North Dakota for both his undergraduate and law degrees. Following law school, Kelsey worked as an associate attorney with a private litigation firm in Bismarck, primarily defending personal injury and property damage cases. Additionally, he served as a Special Assistant Attorney General for the North Dakota Public Service Commission for various regulatory matters. In 2016, Kelsey moved back to the Jamestown area to start James Valley...
Thaddeus E. Swanson
Cass County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 4 years experience
(701) 237-5544	1800 Radisson Tower
201 North 5th St.
Thaddeus Swanson is an associate attorney in the firm's transactional group. His practice focuses on estate planning, contracts, probate, drafting purchase agreements, business entity formation, and real estate.
Adam Wogsland
Cass County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 13 years experience
(701) 297-2890	4627 44th Ave S #108
Real Estate, Business, Elder and Energy
Michael P. Carlson
Cass County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney
Fargo, ND 58108-2626
Real Estate, Business, Estate Planning and Securities
Michael is an attorney in the Nilles Law Firm's transactions department. His practice is focused on business and transactional law, and includes business organizations, contract negotiation, mergers and acquisitions, corporate financing and securities, and real estate transactions.
Kelly Jane Swenseth
Ramsey County, ND Real Estate Law Attorney with 13 years experience
(701) 662-5058	418 4th Avenue NE
Devils Lake, ND 58301
Real Estate, Business, Energy and Estate Planning
Available to help farmers and small business owners manage and protect their family's mineral, property, and business interests so they can continue to provide for their loved ones and for future generations.
J. Thomas Traynor Jr
Ramsey County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 40 years experience
(877) 872-9667	509 5th St NE
Real Estate, Collections, Estate Planning and Municipal
Jason P. Sayler
Ramsey County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer
(877) 872-9667	509 5th St. NE
Real Estate, Business and Estate Planning
Jordan Thomas Schuetzle Esq.
Grand Forks County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 13 years experience
(701) 347-8215	4200 James Ray Dr
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Administrative, Business and Estate Planning
Ronald Paul Kallemeyn
Williams County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer with 21 years experience
(701) 580-8988	PO Box 790
Williston, ND 58802-0790
Free ConsultationReal Estate, Business, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Shannon Peter Uglem
(701) 587-6121	8 N Main St
Northwood, ND 58267
Real Estate, Business, Estate Planning and Tax
Krista Lyn Andrews
(701) 235-3300	4132 30th Ave. SW, Ste. 100
Real Estate, Business, Collections and Family
Ashley L Lies
Eddy County, ND Real Estate Law Lawyer
(701) 947-5437	601 Central Avenue
New Rockford, ND 58356
Real Estate Attorneys in Nearby Cities
The Oyez Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Oliver County, North Dakota Real Estate Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.


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Police: Road Traffic Control
Home Office written question – answered on 23rd October 2017.
All Written Answers on 23 Oct 2017
Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb Green
To ask Her Majesty's Government how many traffic police by police region there were in England and Wales in (1) 2015, and (2) 2016.
Hansard source (Citation: HL Deb, 23 October 2017, cW)
Baroness Williams of Trafford The Minister of State, Home Department
The Home Office collects and publishes data annually on the primary function of police officers, as part of the 'Police workforce, England and Wales' statistical bulletins which can be accessed here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/police-workforce-england-and-wales (see attached table )These data include officers whose primary function is "Road Policing". Officers with multiple responsibilities are recorded under their primary function.
Some forces are unable to make a clear distinction between certain functions and therefore record the majority of, or all, employees under one function. In particular, some forces have employees who work within units whose function is to provide both roads policing and armed policing. Reclassification of roles within a force can lead to fluctuations in the number of officers in a particular role between years.
Table - HL1737 (Excel SpreadSheet, 26 KB)
Yes0 people think so
No0 people think not
(Citation: HL Deb, 23 October 2017, cW)


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Plastic, Climate Change, Earthquakes and "Go Home Yankees"
jcc / October 13, 2009
Just as the Philippines is reeling from the onslaught of two deadly typhoons, Ondoy and Pepeng that killed about 600 people, damaged infrastructure and turned some Metro Manila cities into swamps of garbage and decomposing bodies, eathquakes shook some parts of the world. Climate change, or the continuing increase in atmospheric temperature caused by humans and other environmental factors that deplete the ozone layer, raises ocean level by sheer heat, creates precipitation that translates into instant torrential rains, destroys glaciers that adds up to more inland water. More floods will come in epic proportion that may approximate the biblical forecast of Armageddon, but it may not herald His second coming as of yet.
Our contribution to this flood, aside from its chief culprit, the "climate change" which the entire world population is responsible of, is our antiquated drainage system; our lack of comprehensive urban planning; and our irresponsible waste management disposal. Add to this problem the unabated destruction of what used to be our pristine watersheds few years back by illegal loggers.
In Metro Manila, during this flash flood, we saw garbage floating side by side with people and empty plastic bags entrenched like "banderetas" in Meralco electric wires. It is indicative enough of how high the water that inundated our cities as well as how enamored we are with plastic that is non-biogradable and the irresponsible way we dispose of it after our trip to the septic wet markets to the more elegant malls. And while the plastic decorative flaglets that normally adorn our city streets during fiestas ushered in festive mood among our people, the recent flaglets in our electric wires heralded a chorus of wailing for lost lives and properties and the inadequacy of government response for tragedies as epic as this one.
Victims were trapped in their roofs, wet and hungry but were rescued only after several hours. The precipitous onrush of water swept some of them from their homes and got drowned. Not that it was entirely the fault of the local or the national government to act swiftly on life-threatening situations as these floods, but some were so stubborn enough not to heed the call of their officials to leave their homes for safer grounds. It all boils down to our attitude as a people, we won't act least we see danger up close and personal and even if we act swift enough, people were simply have nowhere to go in this stampede to look for dry and safe lands.
As the floods brought about by Ondoy in Metro Manila and Pepeng in the provinces started to recede, our politicians will vie for billings in the broadcast media and the press to pay lip service to our sufferings. Finger-wagging indignation of our politicians over the destruction of our watersheds and our lack of coordinative efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the flood victims will dominate the airwaves. Relief goods will be distributed and photo-ops with grieving populace will be made by politicians and movie stars alike, and though these efforts will tide over hunger for a couple of days or even weeks, such will fall short of filling in the tremendous void in our populace.
But tragedies like these always bring the worst and the best of our people. Already, our merchants have trebled the prices of their products while the heroism of a young teenager who drowned after saving some of his neighbors in this stampede sent his grieving mother to appeal for help to bury her dead. A hot cup of coffee or a warm blanket being extended by those who were luckier to have avoided the flood to those who had been ravaged by it were poignant and inspiring act of humanity that reminds us of the better part of our character as a people.
Meantime, several provinces up north were under water and a U.S. military contingent was seen helping stranded people relocate to dry lands and distributing food to the victims using its helicopters, soldiers and other resources, while the vociferous Anti-Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) groups in our midst, were for the first time, mum and muted by this act of gallantry, and they were not about to shout, "Go Home, Yankees!!!".
October 13, 2009 in Climate Change, earthquake, Metro Manila Floods, Typhoon Ondoy, Typhoon Pepeng, Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA).
Manila, From The Eyes Of Two Novelists..
Manila: "Gates of Hell," — No, It's Hell Itself!
Bianca's Classy Trash Talk Against Squatters…
← Erap and Lacson Should Be Behind Bars!
Erap, Rosalinda, Wowowee, GMA-7 →
3 thoughts on "Plastic, Climate Change, Earthquakes and "Go Home Yankees""
karl garcia says:
Thanks for leading me to your blog.
Please delete my previous comment it did not sound right,it sounded tactless.
it was a good read
KG,
Thanks for dropping by. Nothing tactless about it. I had been through more incendiary diatribes thrown at me sometimes at FV that I consider your one liner more benign and soothing. 🙂


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For more information about the PhD program, please contact the Associate Chair of the Graduate Program.
Applicant must meet Graduate School requirements plus departmental requirements as given for admission to the master's program. A master's degree is not a prerequisite for admission to this PhD program.
Reapplication
A student who receives the master's degree must formally reapply for admission to the Graduate School before continuing studies toward the PhD.
Major Professor as Advisor
The student must have a major professor to advise and supervise the student's studies as specified in Graduate School regulations. The entering graduate student is assigned a temporary advisor by the Department Graduate Program Coordinator.
Minimum degree requirement is 54 graduate credits beyond the bachelor's degree, at least 27 of which must be earned in residence at UWM. The student, in consultation with the major professor, must select both a primary and a secondary area of specialization. The primary area may be chosen from one of the following eight fields with minimum credit requirements as shown. The secondary area may be chosen from another of these fields or may be chosen from another appropriate department. Minimum course requirements for all work in both areas of specialization require approximately two full years of study.
Applied and Computational Mathematics
Foreign Language Requirement
Each student must pass a written examination in one foreign language; the examination is administered by the Department's Language Committee. Acceptable languages are French, German, and Russian; exceptions may be permitted upon written request of advisor.
Computer Proficiency
The student shall pass an examination on a higher programming language and/or other appropriate advanced computer skills; the examinations administered by the Department's Computer Committee. The Computer Committee may accept advanced computer science course work in lieu of the examination.
The student must meet minimum Graduate School residence requirements.
Doctoral Preliminary Examination
When the student is sufficiently prepared — normally when the student has earned 24 credits in specified areas above the 700 level — a doctoral preliminary examination to determine the student's knowledge and achievement is taken. For students in mathematics, the exam evaluates the student's general knowledge of mathematics, as well as the student's knowledge of the major area of concentration. Students must pass this examination to continue in the program. With permission of the examination committee, the student may repeat this examination once. If the student does not have a master's degree in mathematics before this examination, the committee will determine whether the student's performance is sufficient to qualify for the master's degree.
Doctoral Dissertation Proposal Hearing
After passing the language requirements and the doctoral preliminary examination, the student participates in a doctoral dissertation proposal hearing. At this hearing, the student is examined on the student's chosen area of research and a dissertation topic is approved.
The primary requirement for the PhD in mathematics is the candidate's completion, under the supervision of the Department advisor, of an original and significant mathematical investigation presented in the form of a dissertation. The investigation is to be in the field of algebra, analysis, applied mathematics, probability and statistics, or topology. A dissertation for the industrial mathematics field must involve an industrial problem requiring a mathematical solution.
Dissertation Defense
The candidate must, as the final step toward the degree, present a colloquium based on the dissertation and must pass an oral examination in defense of the dissertation. If the candidate does not successfully defend a thesis within five years of admission to candidacy, the candidate may be required to take another doctoral preliminary examination and be readmitted to candidacy.
All degree requirements must be completed within ten years from the date of initial enrollment in the doctoral program.
Minor Area for Other PhD Majors
A doctoral student planning a physical science major other than mathematics may fulfill requirements for mathematics as the minor area of concentration by completing 12 credits of approved mathematics courses with a grade of B or better, at least 6 credits of which must be in courses 700 or above.
A doctoral student planning a non-physical science major may fulfill requirements for mathematics as the minor area of concentration by completing 12 credits with a grade of B or better in approved mathematics courses 300 or above.
For additional information on the PhD, see the Graduate School Doctoral Requirements page.
Graduate Grievance Procedures
Federal law and UWM policy require programs and departments to have procedures for graduate students to appeal academic decisions such as grades or scholastic standing. These procedures ensure the protection of students' rights. These pages serve as a reference on procedures for graduate student academic appeals.
UWM Graduate School Academic Appeal Procedures
Applied & Computational Mathematics


Even with the holidays now somewhat of a distant memory, it's not too late to sit back and ponder on what 2012 will bring. I'm not thinking the Mayan calendar and the end of the world, but rather what will happen in the online world, and how will this affect our tourism businesses? Here are a few thoughts on what will definitely happen, and what could.
First up on the definite list. The iPad 3, rumored for release in March. Without question, it will be faster and have a better display, and will no doubt be adopted by millions as with each previous release.
Also without question, millions more people will view sites on tablets. They will have different expectations, certainly around video and images. You'll need a content strategy that differentiates between computers, tablets and mobile phones.
What else? Facebook will hit one billion users. That's a lot of people! Are you on Facebook yet? Are you building your fan base, targeting new followers by interest, and checking your stats on Facebook Insights?
More importantly, do you have a plan on what you will do, and why? Without question, if you don't have an active social media strategy, someone else is engaging with customers and generating business where you could be.
So, will Twitter die? Nope, by all accounts Twitter is doing well and many people are suggesting it's becoming "mainstream". Ahh, how I love Twitter - you should join me!
OK, so Google+ will die then? Sorry, no. It's too big and important for Google. They will continue to grow and add services at a very rapid rate, in an all-out effort to claw back some of Facebook's traffic.
The nature of search is changing, and Google wants feet in every camp. Sure, it may not yet be boom times yet on G+, but they will keep trying, hard. You can't ignore Google.
Online advertising? Well, think about the stratospheric rise of Facebook, and apply a similar idea to advertising online. Whether it's Google Adwords or Facebook, some would suggest it's now the most important channel.
But remember, it's a very fluid medium and you have to test and change constantly. It's no longer a case of print the ad and review it in a month; you should be aiming for a review every three days.
iPhone 5? Let's hope so. Yes, almost certainly the iPhone 5 will be released this year, and this will continue the inexorable growth in the importance of mobile.
Don't have a smartphone (or an iPad) yet? Well, it's time to go out and get one: iPhone or Android it doesn't matter. What does matter is you need to understand why smartphones are changing your world, and how mobile has fundamentally changed travel.
Transparency. OK, this isn't really a technology, more of a trend. With the proliferation of social media and mobile, there's no longer anywhere to hide, and "the truth" is even more important. As an organization you need to be open, honest, empathetic, and "human". Corporate is out.
And then there's augmented reality, QR codes, Pinterest and goodness knows what else.
Which will be important; that's hard to say at this early stage.
So for 2012, consider an adaptive approach to marketing, one which allows for change and assimilation of new technologies and trends.
There's no question that you'll need to evolve and innovate at greater speed; by combining flexible processes, with modern infrastructure and quality partnerships. Waiting until it's too painful not to change is simply not an option.
So what will 2012 bring? Change. More mobile, more social media, and more online advertising; plus more opportunities we've yet to hear of. The old adage is that the definition of insanity is doing the same old thing and expecting different results. In 2012 plan on change; it really is time.


How to define the "front" of an object?
I have a sprite that looks like a spear and i want it to point at the player (also a 2d sprite). But when i use the look at function it points at him like the spear is an 3d object. Can i somehow define the top of the spear as front or do i have to change my code? Please help me!


OpusArts LLC. Art and Design, including specialized services in: illustration, animation, multimedia and web design/programming, and work for print for: small business, large corporations and for specialty work. OpusArt LLC also offers calligraphy, feng shui, fine art and portraits by commission. MariJayn Duchene, owner of OpusArts' LLC, is a graduate of the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, exhibited fine art in Europe and the USA, has over 20 years of expereince in commercial art in the USA and UK, and was the portrait artist for Revlon International, in London England.


The Sports Ministry has added 39 more athletes, including ace archers Deepika Kumari and Tarundeep Rai, to the Target Olympic Podium scheme (TOP).
The athletes will receive financial assistance for their preparations for the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Earlier, the government had announced a list of 45 athletes under the scheme.
Other prominent athletes, who are now covered under the scheme are Tintu Luka, Ashwini Akkunji, Sini Jose, Mandeep Kaur, archer Dola Banerjee and Bombayla Devi.
Boxers Sarjubala and Sumit Sangawan have also been added.
All the new recommendations were made by the TOP Identification Committee, chaired by BCCI Secretary Anurag Thakur.