text:
Contemporary issues in Catholicism, from a theological perspective
lumen fidei
neo-gnosticism
neo-pelagianism
traditionalism
Summary and Explanation of Placuit Deo, the Vatican's new letter to bishops about salvation
Today the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF, formerly the Holy Office of the Inquisition) released a letter sent to Catholic bishops about salvation called Placuit Deo. It's only fifteen paragraphs and not as controversial as some past documents. Essentially, it gives a doctrinal account of some of Francis's past remarks about the nature of salvation. This post contains my commentary on the letter. I summarize, explain, and interpret.
I: Introduction (with my criticisms of the translation)
Like all Vatican texts, Placuit Deo, which means "it pleased God," takes its name from the first two words of the Latin text. In fact, the opening sentences are just quotations from Dei verbum 2, the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation of the Second Vatican Council (1965). Awkwardly, the Vatican's continued reliance upon the Daughters of St. Paul English translation of the documents of Vatican II (1967) means that placuit Deo is here rendered with the anemic but accurate "God chose." Indeed, placuit is a typical way of expressing a decision in Latin, as in "It pleased me to drink coffee while writing this": Placuit mihi cafeam bibere, dum hoc scribo. When voting at Vatican II, the response placet meant "yes" and non placet "no." For those looking for a better translation of the texts of Vatican II, get a copy of the edition of either Norman Tanner, S.J., or Austin Flannery, O.P. The latter, which uses gender-inclusive language, translates the first sentence thus:
It pleased God (placuit Deo), in his goodness and wisdom, to reveal himself and to make known the mystery of his will, which was that people can draw near to the Father, through Christ, the Word made flesh, in the holy Spirit, and thus become sharers in the divine nature.
Now compare that to the Daughters of St. Paul translation that the Vatican still uses:
In His goodness and wisdom God chose (placuit Deo) to reveal himself and to make known to us the hidden purpose of His will by which through Christ, the Word made flesh, man might in the Holy Spirit have access to the Father and come to share in the divine nature.
Another defect of the Vatican's continued use of the old translation is that it uses sexist language, mistranslating the Latin homines as "men." The English translation of Placuit Deo, like that of all papal encyclicals going back at least to St. John Paul II, correctly translates homines as "men and women." The result of this linguistic mishmash is that we get awkward paragraphs like 15. First, quoting the old translation of Gaudium et spes 22, we read that God's grace works in "all men of good will" (not just Christians–a very important point!), and two sentences later we read of "the salvation of men and women." Women can be saved, but grace is operative only in men's hearts?
The translation of Placuit Deo continues the Vatican's obstinate tradition of translating the universal use of homo as "man" instead of "humanity." The translation nevertheless attempts to smooth this out somewhat, so we get things like this (5):
Man perceives himself, directly or indirectly, as a mystery: "Who am I? I exist, and yet do not have the principle of my existence within myself." Every person, in his or her own way, searches for happiness and attempts to obtain it by making recourse to the resources one has available.
While admitting the difficulty inherent in the English language, I would suggest the following:
Humanity perceives itself, directly or indirectly, as a mystery: "Who am I? I exist, and yet do not have the principle of my existence within myself." Every person, in their own way, searches for happiness and attempts to obtain it by making recourse to the resources they have available.
(If any pedants are reading this and can't abide the inclusive use of the pronoun they, you may now leave.)
II: Cultural Changes
Section two reminds us that the writings, sermons, and speeches of the pope constitute his "ordinary magisterium" (3), which all Catholics are obligated to heed (see my previous post). Given the widespread climate of conservative dissent from Pope Francis, this is deliberate. The CDF wants to remind bishops that the pope's words are still authoritative for the Church.
The heart of this letter is the condemnation of two spiritual errors that the pope believes afflict many people today. These he calls "neo-Pelagian individualism" and "neo-Gnostic disregard of the body" (4). The names of the errors are drawn from ancient heresies, which the letter acknowledges are not identical to the modern problems. Nevertheless, "it is possible to find similarities between the ancient heresies and the modern tendencies" (3). They are "perennial dangers," born from inherently human problems, regardless of the historical-cultural differences. The new A Pope Francis Lexicon (edited by Cindy Wooden of CNS and Joshua McElwee of NCR, 2018) surely covers these terms as well, so this letter is good timing for that book!
As a historical theologian, I can tell you a little about the ancient heresies, which the letter does not do. Gnosticism arose circa 100. The term is so broad that some scholars have questioned how useful it even is. Nevertheless, if you will allow me to oversimplify, Gnosticism was a broad and loosely-defined Christian movement that came into direct competition with we have come to call "orthodox Christianity." It had its own set of scriptural texts (e.g., Pistis Sophia) that were excluded from the New Testament, although Gnostics also drew inspiration from the Gospel of John. Gnostics believed that each of us is, at heart, a spark of divinity which has become trapped in a body of flesh and blood. These bodies are, at worst, evil, and, at best, a mistake, resulting from the divine Sophia (Wisdom) trying to create something on her own. Gnostic myths differ on the details. The God that created the physical world, as described in the Hebrew Bible, is not the highest God. Thus the Gnostics rejected the Bible of the Jews, which orthodox Christians considered to be the Old Testament. Jesus Christ came to reveal a higher God, who can save us from these bodies, which always lead us toward sin. Jesus brings us the knowledge, gnosis being the Greek word for knowledge, that can save us from our bodies. The Gnostic longs to escape the world of matter to attain a higher spiritual plane. In Gnosticism, unlike orthodox Judaism and Christianity, there is no resurrection of the body. One thinks of Yoda in The Empire Strikes Back (1980) saying, "Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter." The movie The Matrix (1999) also features Gnostic themes. For a more accurate and detailed understanding of Gnosticism, consult David Brakke, The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity (2012). Beware of older sources about Gnosticism that are based only on what the Church Fathers wrote against it rather than on the surviving Gnostic texts themselves, some of which you can read at The Gnostic Society Library. Such texts read very differently from our Bible and can be quite confusing.
Pelagianism
Pelagianism is named after the monk Pelagius, who lived circa 400. St. Augustine engaged in sustained and heated polemics against Pelagius and his followers, who were eventually condemned by various synods as heretics. Basically, Pelagius was a rigorous ascetic who believed that it was incumbent upon every individual to attain salvation through moral effort. Whereas Augustine argued that salvation comes by grace alone (sola gratia), Pelagius believed it was more of a co-operation between human exertion and God's grace. Pelagius strongly emphasized free will and the fact that God's commandments are possible; after all, God would not command something impossible! Augustine agreed that the commandments are possible, but only by God's grace. Left to our own devices, using our own human exertions, the commandments are impossible. Thus, he strongly emphasized human inadequacy and sin. Because of the difficulty of this problem (grace versus free will), Augustine was eventually pushed into an extreme viewpoint, expressed in his later writings, that so emphasizes God's grace and free election that it seems to eliminate free will. No doubt, it was precisely this that people like Pelagius feared, as it would seem to render moot the Christian, and particularly the monastic, striving for obedience to God. In the sixteenth century, Martin Luther and John Calvin revived the views of the later Augustine, setting off the Reformation controversy over faith and works (sola fide). Protestants accused Catholics of Pelagianism or "works-righteousness," while Catholics accused Protestants of denying free will and offering cheap grace. A recent book of essays about Pelagius called Pelagius: Inquiries and Reappraisals (edited by Robert Evans, 2010) looks promising. Avoid any website that says that Pelagius taught "works-righteousness."
So how has Pope Francis updated these terms for the present day? This letter defines neo-Pelagianism as the belief that the individual is "radically autonomous" and "presumes to save oneself, without recognizing that, at the deepest level of being, he or she derives from God and from others" (3). The result of such individualism is a dependence upon one's own efforts "or purely human structures, which are incapable of welcoming the newness of the Spirit of God." In past remarks about neo-Pelagians, Pope Francis has clearly targeted some traditionalist Catholics, who he says put too much emphasis upon their own moral uprightness and traditional methods of piety and devotion. They are unable, in the pope's words, to accept the "God of surprises." He has also referred to the neo-Pelagians as "doctors of the law." Consider, for example, what he said in a sermon, as summarized in the Vatican newspaper:
"They were closed within their system, they had organized the law very well". It was "a masterpiece. All of the Jews knew what one could and could not do, where one could go. It was all organized". But Jesus caught them unprepared, by doing "curious things", such as "going with the sinners", and "eating with the publicans". And the doctors of the law did not like this, they found it "dangerous", putting at risk "the doctrine which they, the theologians, had been making for centuries".
In other words, the Holy Spirit is still active in the Church, bringing about renewal; therefore, it is not necessary to maintain every traditional aspect of Catholicism, as if just carrying out our traditional devotions will automatically save us. The corollary to this attitude is a rigorous exclusion of "sinners." Those who do not adhere to the traditional system are automatically excluded from salvation, unless they begin to follow the rules and practice the prescribed rites and devotions. Such an attitude contradicts that of Christ, who himself was criticized by the pious for eating and drinking with sinners (Matt 11:19).
If the neo-Pelagians are those on the right who replace God's grace with moral uprightness and traditions, the neo-Gnostics may include those on the left who have left orthodox Christianity as well as the "New Agers." According to this letter, the neo-Gnostics would reduce Christianity to something purely spiritual, seeking to "liberate the human person from the body and from the material universe" (3). The letter quotes Francis's first encyclical (mostly written by Benedict XVI): neo-Gnostics desire a more sophisticated faith than that of the masses, wishing to become "intellectually capable of rising above the flesh of Jesus towards the mysteries of the unknown divinity" (Lumen fidei 47). Clarification of who these neo-Gnostics are comes later in the letter, when it says that by seeking only an "interior salvation," they do not "live in communion with one's brothers and sisters" (14). Here I think of people who say they are "spiritual but not religious." Some people make spirituality into something completely internal and therefore removed from bodily things, such as the sacraments and church buildings. Some of these people have been harmed by their fellow believers or leaders. In fleeing the hurts caused by the institution of the Church in search of an interior spirituality, they become separated from the body of Christ and the bodily sacraments (water, oil, bread, and wine).
III: Salvation
This section states that everyone seeks some kind of salvation, but that ultimately it is about more than physical health, economic well-being, internal and external peace (5), or power and influence (6). It is about God. The most famous quotation of St. Augustine is invoked: "Our hearts are restless until they rest in You" (Confessions 1,1). Against the neo-Gnostics, the text says that salvation is an integral reality, including both body and soul. It does not mean fleeing or hating this world, which, after all, is good (7, citing Gen 1:31). Rather, salvation brings us into a threefold harmony: with God, with other human beings, and with creation. This latter point has environmental implications that the letter does not get into, but one can always consult the pope's encyclical on the subject, Laudato si'. This section should be read by everyone who thinks that Christianity is only about "the salvation of souls" and not about human bodies. Every Christian who thinks the Church should "stay out of politics" (whether that be abortion, immigration, war, the environment, etc.) is also a neo-Gnostic. "In fact, it is the whole person, body and soul, that was created by the love of God, in his image and likeness, and is called to live in communion with him" (7).
IV: Christ the Savior
In every age God has sought to save human beings through a covenant-relationship with him. This is fulfilled in Christ, the only savior of humanity. The salvation Christ brings has two dimensions: the "elevating (or ascending) dimension" is that we are made to share in God's own nature (referring to 2 Peter 1:4); the "descending" perspective is that God comes down to redeem us from sin. In other words, we can speak of the positive (becoming one with God) and the negative (sin, from which we are redeemed) (9). This is not mentioned explicitly in the letter, but I suspect the point of this is to emphasize that Christianity is not just about being saved from sin and hell. Western Christianity, in both its Catholic and Protestant forms, has focused much on this. In contrast, Eastern Christianity has focused more on divinization (theosis in Greek): becoming one with God (indeed, becoming God!). Against both the neo-Pelagians and the neo-Gnostics, the letter stresses that salvation is communal, not "individualist"; we are saved, not alone by ourselves, but with the bodies of our brothers and sisters (11).
V: The Church as Sacrament of Salvation
Salvation is mediated through the Church, that is, through the whole community of believers (12). It is the "universal sacrament of salvation" (Lumen gentium 48). "Sacrament" means a sign and instrument: by the fact that it is one body united across the whole planet, the Church both symbolizes the salvation of the whole human race (sign) and also helps bring it about (instrument). This point is offered particularly against the individualism of the neo-Pelagians, who to some extent cut themselves off from what they consider to be a sinfully-corrupt community (particularly under Francis's leadership)! I can't help but think of the desperate traditionalist Catholics I've encountered on the internet, who judge everyone else to be deficient and lost. They often sound lonely to me because they have little to no communion with their fellow Catholics. Salvation is gained through baptism and the Eucharist, but also through "the flesh of Jesus, especially in our poorest and most suffering brothers and sisters" (12). We will be judged by how we have treated the weakest (13, referring to Matt 25:31-46, the parable of the sheep and the goats). By interiorizing salvation, the neo-Gnostics also forget the significance of the body (14).
VI: Conclusion
Because it is the community of salvation, the Church is called to evangelize the world (15). For Pope Francis, this does not mean proselytism, but takes place in the context of "a sincere and constructive dialogue with believers of other religions" (15). As I already mentioned, the letter alludes to the possibility of salvation for everyone, not just Christians. Pope Francis has rejected proselytism as a means of evangelization, even calling it "solemn nonsense" (in this interview). Instead of trying to convert people as such, the Church should grow through the natural attractiveness of Jesus Christ (see this article). As is customary in all Vatican texts, the letter ends by invoking the Virgin Mary, as "Mother of the Savior and first among the saved" (15).
The text is dated to the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter (February 22), which emphasizes that it reflects the official teaching of the pope.
Labels: cdf church gnosticism laudato si' lumen fidei neo-gnosticism neo-pelagianism pelagius pope francis salvation traditionalism vatican vatican ii
Sten_Mk_2 said…
Isn't "Placuit" perfect tense, not past tense? Shouldn't the translation be: "It has pleased G_d"?
Dr. R said…
There is no difference in form in Latin between the preterite and the (present) perfect!
Who are the Fathers of the Church? A chronological list
Dr. R
Silver Spring, MD, United States
I am a professorial lecturer in Georgetown University's theology department, and a senior lecturer in Brescia University's online program. I have a Ph.D. in theology and religious studies from The Catholic University of America. My specialization is patristics (early Christian studies). My first book is about to be published by Brill, entitled Genesis and Cosmos: Basil and Origen on Genesis 1 and Cosmology.
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Jay-Z continues to rack up sales in the U.S. as his album 4:44 moves 7 to 5 in its fourth week of release. The album spent its first two weeks at number 1.
With two high profile classic rock/soul albums hitting the charts for the first time this week, it is another in the long line of archive Grateful Dead live shows that takes the top debut as Dave's Picks, Volume 23: McArthur Court, U. of Oregon, Eugene, OR - 1/22/78 opens at number 30.
Two spots lower is the great new album from Alice Cooper, Paranormal. After a number 6 start in the U.K., big things were expected in Cooper's home country but the number 32 opening fell ten spots short of his last studio album, Welcome 2 My Nightmare (2011 / #22). Still, those two albums are Alice's highest charting since the late-80's.
Another disapointment is The Isley Brothers and Santana's Power of Peace which only managed a rather lethargic number 64 debut. This is Santana's lowest charting studio album since Milagro (1992 / #102). For the Isley Brothers, it's their lowest since 1992's Tracks of Life (#140).
At 79 is the soundtrack from the Charlize Theron movie Atomic Blonde with tracks from the likes of David Bowie, Nena, George Michael, A Flock of Seagulls and the Clash.
On the Singles side, Luis Fonzi and Daddy Yankee with Justin Bieber are topping the chart for the thirteenth week with Despacito. That makes it only the 11th record to hit that mark.


Not many people get to shake hands with the President and Vice President…. I am proud of my dad!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This entry was posted on Thursday, November 30th, 2006 at 11:44 pm	and is filed under Politics. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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The dollar is climbing against all of its major competitors at the end of the trading week. The stronger than expected increase in U.S. consumer confidence helped to assure investors of recovery in the U.S. economy, following the release of some weak data in recent days.
The report showed that the preliminary reading on the consumer sentiment index for May came in at 83.7 compared to the final April reading of 76.4. With the sharp jump, the consumer sentiment index came in well above economist estimates for a reading of 78.0 and reached its highest level since July of 2007.
Led by building permits and the interest rate spread, leading economic indicators in the U.S. rose by more than anticipated in the month of April, according to a report released by the Conference Board on Friday. The Conference Board said its leading economic index rose by 0.6 percent in April following a revised 0.2 percent decrease in March.
Economists had been expecting the index to increase by a more modest 0.3 percent compared to the 0.1 percent drop originally reported for the previous month.
The French economy is likely to grow in the second half of this year, Finance Minister Pierre Moscovici said in an interview with RTL radio, after official data showed that the nation entered a recession in the first quarter. Moscovici said he is confident that the unemployment will drop by the end of 2013.
European banks' asset quality review and stress test should be conducted by mid-2014, before the European Central Bank takes over banking supervision, Executive Board member Yves Mersch said Friday.
"The SSM could undertake the asset quality review in the third quarter of this year until the first quarter of next year, and then in close cooperation with the EBA, conduct a stress test," Mersch said in a speech in London.
European Central Bank Executive Board member Benoit Coeure said Friday that the central bank is looking at options to improve lending to small firms, which form the backbone of the Eurozone economy.
"The ECB is today exploring options to further strengthen lending to the real economy and, in particular, to small and medium-sized enterprises," he said in a speech in Orleans, France. "But the ECB can only act within its mandate," Coeure said.
The dollar dipped to an early low of $1.2888 against the Euro on Friday, but has since climbed to a month and a half high of $1.2795.
New car registrations in the European Union (EU) increased from last year in April, for the first time in more than one-and half years, data released by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) showed Friday.
Sales of new passenger cars advanced 1.7 percent on an annual basis to around 1.04 million units in April, reversing the 10.2 percent fall recorded in March. The increase was the first since September 2011.
April's upturn was probably driven by the two additional working-days compared to the same month last year, the agency said.
Eurozone construction output continued its decline for the fifth month in a row in March, Eurostat reported Friday. Production in construction fell at a faster pace of 1.7 percent, following a 0.3 percent drop in February. Building construction and civil engineering slid 1.4 percent and 2.4 percent, respectively.
Bank of England policymaker Martin Weale said the bank's capacity to add stimulus is limited by the risk to inflation expectations.
"Failure to damp sufficiently any new shock pushing up on inflation would result in inflation expectations becoming more entrenched," he said in a speech delivered at the British-American Business Council Transatlantic Conference on Friday.
The greenback has rebounded from yesterday's low of $1.5322 against the pound sterling on Friday, to a month and a half high of $1.5157.
The buck has broken out to Y103.133 against the Japanese Yen, its highest level since October of 2008.
Core machine orders in Japan surged a seasonally adjusted 14.2 percent on month in March to 793.1 billion yen, the Cabinet Office said on Friday rising for the fifth time in six months. The headline figure shattered forecasts for an increase of 3.5 percent following the downwardly revised 4.2 percent increase in February.
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I'm a bit behind on this one, but I haven't seen anything in the blogosphere on USA Today's report that Army officials in Iraq have requested new armor be added on to the Mine Resistant Ambush Protection vehicles, which have taken on rock star status in Washington.
The MRAPs V-shaped hulls protect soldiers from roadside bombs, but they can't defeat explosively formed projectiles. According to documents obtained by USA Today, U.S. officers in Iraq expect insurgents to start using a lot more EFPs when newly manufactured MRAPs start flowing into the war zone. It looks like the Army has already developed armor to defeat the EFPs, according to the newspaper report, which is excerpted below.
"Ricocheting hull fragments, equipment debris and the penetrating slugs themselves shred vulnerable vehicle occupants who are in their path," said the document, which asks for 3,400 sets of add-on armor. The Army has tested armor that appears to protect MRAPs from the explosives, said Brig. Gen. Michael Brogan, who confirmed the document's authenticity. Brogan leads Marine Corps Systems Command, the lead agency for the MRAP program. "How rapidly we can engineer that onto these vehicles is yet to be seen because it is significantly heavy," he said. EFPs are explosives capped by a metal disk. The blast turns the disk into a high-speed slug that can penetrate armor. The Army's solution, Brogan said, involves armor that can fracture the slug. Lt. Col. William Wiggins, an Army spokesman, declined to comment specifically on the armor but released a statement that said the Army is developing "effective countermeasures" against the bombs.
Philip Coyle, the Pentagon's former chief tester and a consultant in the NBC News investigation into Dragon Skin body armor, says he's not convinced by the Army's defense of its Interceptor system over the past few days. Coyle, a senior adviser at the Center for Defense Information, observed NBC News' side-by-side tests of Dragon Skin and Interceptor at a ballistics laboratory in Germany. He observed the tests pro bono after a request from NBC News.
Coyle said in a telephone interview with Ares last night that the Army's PowerPoint slide was "misleading" in its comparison of body coverage between the Army's Interceptor and Dragon Skin manufactured by Pinnacle Armor. The Army banned soldiers from buying Dragon Skin last year. Coyle said he had his own private briefing of the Dragon Skin testing by one of Brig. Gen. Mark Brown's senior staff members and was told the Inteceptor's body coverage was compared to Dragon Skin without the plates that actually provide the protection. Brown heads the Army office charged with selecting body armor.
What do you think? Care to weigh in?
This video on Dragon Skin available on YouTube is from an episode of the Discovery Channel's "Future Weapons" program.
One of the biggest threats when fighting asymmetric wars against insurgents -- especially in urban environments -- is posed by the ubiquitous RPG-7 family of rocket-propelled anti-armor weapons. The Netherlands-based TNO Defense, Security and Safety research lab is developing a deceptively simple protection system against RPG-7 attacks: a net.
Specially-designed, specifically-dimensioned, X-knotted and manufactured from advanced superstrong fibers, sure. But still "just" a net.
Nevertheless, TNO claims it has the potential to provide armored vehicles with 90% protection against these deadly missiles, at little cost and almost no extra weight on the vehicle.
Click below to read the rest of the post and watch two videos.
InsideDefense.com is reporting that Defense Secretary Robert Gates wants to get to the bottom of any and all obstacles to increased production of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protection family of vehicles. In a memo obtained by Jason Sherman at InsideDefense.com (subscription required), Gates designates the MRAP as the "highest priority" acquisition program.
The relatively new MRAP program has been a darling of the media, Congress and military officials recently, mostly because its unique V-shaped hull deflects fragments from roadside bombs and improvised explosive devices, and because no soldier or Marine has died in one.
The Army has a new combat shirt, unveiled this week. When combined with the Army's combat pants and combat gloves, the clothing offers head-to-toe protection against burns, according to the program executive office soldier.
The flame-resistant long-sleeved shirt, which retains the moisture-wicking capability, breathability, and durability of other components in the ACU, also has many of its other features, including cargo pockets, infrared identification tabs, and hook-and-loop fasteners for the American flag.
Visit an Australian Army checkpoint in East Timor below.
Norway is ordering 8,200 new HK416 assault rifles with a caliber of 5.56 x 45 mm from German-based Heckler & Koch. The new rifles are to replace the obsolete AG-3 rifles (caliber: 7.62-mm) that have been the standard rifle in the Norwegian armed forces since the 1960s. The AG-3 is so old that it has been out of production since 33 years, the Norwegian defense ministry says.


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Tony Ford Managing Director of Matter of Software will be presenting the award on the night, with the finalists already selected from a large number of applicants. Ed James from Heart FM will be hosting the show this year.
Matter of Software supports clients who are also looking to deliver applications directly to customers (cloud based, Software as a Service etc) – our in house experts guide our clients through the product development process to ensure they have the very best product for their budget. We are experienced in commercialising products, ensuring administrative effort is kept to a minimum and of course ensuring a secure and highly reliable solution can scale to grow with their business.
If you are interested in a free no obligation discussion around how we can help your business please contact us today.


Craft beer is trending in the U.S., but so are cider and Mexican imports, according to new data from Nielsen. These three segments topped the beer growth charts in the 52 weeks ending June 20.
Beer overall saw 3.3 volume growth in terms of dollar sales and 0.6 percent growth in terms of volume. Both craft beer and Mexican imports saw a 10.2 percent increase in volume sales, while craft beer grew 13.8 percent in value sales and Mexican imports grew 12.7 percent.
Ciders saw by far the largest growth in the category at 43.9 percent sales growth and 43.2 percent volume growth, but the category still only accounts for 0.9 of total volume sold, compared to 7.6 percent for craft beer and 7.8 percent for Mexican beer.
Local beers were also popular, and 45 percent of all beer drinkers say they like to drink local, while 52 percent of craft beer drinkers prefer local. The numbers were even higher among 21- to 34-year-olds, with 53 percent of all beer drinkers and 55 percent of craft drinkers choosing local.


Mir-Puig Foundation current President Mr Jordi Segarra at the new building site with architects and project leaders as well as ICFO's Director and leaders of the Research and Management teams.
Building to house enhanced Clean Room Facility and additional lab and workspace In 2012 when ICFO inaugurated the CELLEX- NEST building, donated by the Cellex Foundation, the goal was to give ICFO an important boost. The new space that the building offered, including formal and informal meeting areas, laboratories, and work areas, gave ICFO an exceptional opportunity to host new groups led by brilliant researchers. Over the past six years, the expectations have materialized as ICFOnians have accomplished many salient scientific and technological results and also secured several strategic sponsored projects.
In fact, it soon became apparent that more space would be needed to meet new research needs and the institute's potential. The late Dr Pere Mir, founder and former president of the Cellex and Mir-Puig private foundations, once again proved to be visionary when he agreed to make possible a new expansion that will include an enhanced Clean Room Facility and additional lab and workspace.
This month construction will begin on a new building, donated by the Mir-Puig Foundation, located just next to ICFO's current facilities. Construction is estimated to be complete in summer 2020.


The Strategic Planning/Budget Council is charged with developing and updating the college's Strategic Plan, advising the president on processes for implementing the plan and reviewing the college's progress toward achieving the goals of the plan.
The council assesses the allocation of funding resources for relevance to and support of the strategic plan as well as development of and compliance with criteria for the use of college funds. The council provides feedback to the college leadership and communicates its findings with respect to the evaluation of the college's progress and compliance with criteria to the campus community.
The College's budget planning work for fiscal year 2016 – 2017 is completed. Information on aSAP requests can be found in the aSAP system and the FY 2016-17 aSAP Decisions and Rationale document.
The transparent budget process included a new step for FY 2016-17. The Executive Team is providing information on decisions and rationale for Operational Budget Requests via this SPBC website. This is not an all-inclusive list and is intended to include most requests over $10,000.


Home » Toys » Puzzles » Kyjen Dog Toy Puzzle Plush- Hide-A-Squirrel Jr.
Kyjen Dog Toy Puzzle Plush- Hide-A-Squirrel Jr.
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Tags: Kyjen Dog Toy Puzzle Plush- Hide-A-Squirrel Jr.


After a low-quality bootleg did the rounds twenty-four hours ago, Zack Snyder and Warner Bros. released a legit version of the Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice trailer. Having watched it a couple times a few ideas jump right out, so naturally it's time for us to go frame-by-frame through the footage, grabbing dozens of Batman v Superman trailer images to pull what details we can out of the footage.
OK, here we go! Captions relate to the photo immediately above each one.
This does not look like Metropolis. We understand this film takes place two years after Man of Steel, so wouldn't there be more cranes and construction if this was Metropolis? But why would it not be Metropolis, when this is, at heart, originally a Superman movie?
That sounds like Charlie Rose, and if it is him, or someone like him, who is he talking to? That's not a proclamation; it sounds like an interview. Is he talking to Lex Luthor, or perhaps the woman played by Holly Hunter, who we'll hear very shortly? And presumably he's talking about Superman, but the emphasis on the word "man" in the quote makes me wonder. Just a bit.
At the same time, almost like an interjection, is a woman's voice saying "they are not telling us the truth." There's also a man shouting "this is our planet!" A pattern is set — a primary voice, with more strident interjections coming from other people. That's conflict, folks.
That push-in to the statue doesn't stop. The audio here is interesting — again, the audio pattern. The main voice talks about our track record of following people with great power, but the line is corrupted by an interjection of the word "tragedy" at a very specific place, and with the word "power" segueing right into Holly Hunter's voice, saying that old line about absolute power corrupting absolutely. The word "chaos" is there, too, just as the frame changes.


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Home»World News»Geopolitics
Pakistan PM Sharif invokes Kashmir issue at UNGA, India replies - Image source - Asian News Channel
Pakistani PM Sharif invokes Kashmir issue at UNGA, India replies
By Keyur Desai September 24, 2022 Updated: September 28, 2022 Geopolitics No Comments2 Mins Read
Shehbaz Sharif called India's big changes in 2019 in Jammu and Kashmir illegal and unilateral and said they undermined the prospects of peace.
Pakistani PM Shehbaz Sharif at the UN General Assembly session on Friday said that sustainable peace and stability in south Asia depend upon a just and lasting solution to the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan.
He also said that their country wants peace with all its neighbors, including India. Whereas, India called the Pakistani PM's assertion regrettable and invoked cross-border terrorism unleashed by their Muslim country.
Sharif called the big changes in Jammu and Kashmir in 2019 by India illegal and unilateral and said India undermined the prospects of peace.
India has maintained the revocation of Article 370 and the bifurcation of the erstwhile state Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories are the country's internal matters.
Mijito Vinito, First Secretary, India's mission to the UN said that it was regrettable that Pak PM chose this assembly to make false accusations against India. He's done that to obfuscate misdeeds in his own country and justify actions against India.
He added that a polity that claims to seek peace with its neighbors would never sponsor cross-border terrorism, nor shelter planners of the horrific Mumbai terror attack.
Pakistani PM Sharif Statement
Sharif also said that Pakistan needs a stable external environment. They look for peace with their neighbors, including India.
image source"Deccan
He added that he thinks it's high time that India understood this message loud and clear that both countries are armed to the teeth. War is not an option. Only peaceful dialogue can resolve these issues for the world to become more peaceful in the time to come.
India's position on Jammu and Kashmir has remained the same as it is an integral part of the country. India has said that it desires normal neighborly relations with Pakistan in an environment that is free of terror, hostility, and violence.
Shehbaz claimed that New Delhi has ramped up its military deployments in Jammu and Kashmir, making it the most militarized zone in the world.
He said that both India and Pakistan should not waste their resources on buying more ammunition and trying to promote tension.
Also, read Objections to the abrogation of Article 370 in J&K:
Kashmir Issue Pakistani PM Shehbaz Sharif UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Keyur Desai
Content Writer | Journalism Intern at Asiana Times
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Located at the interface between Old town and New town, Náměstí Republiky Square is one of Prague's focal points. It takes only 5 minutes to walk from the Republic Square to the old town square.
The large beautiful art nouveau building, Obecni Dum (Municipal House) dominates the square. It is a home to a gallery, concert hall, restaurants and reception rooms and occupies a key position next to the Powder Tower on the edge of the old town.


A wow factor arrival to Berowra Waters can be made with a splash via a return seaplane flight from Rose Bay or Palm Beach, with a red carpet landing right in front of the Lodge. The plane can even deliver you directly to the Lodge's private pontoon – so you can step out in style! We can offer you exclusive prices with our preferred partner Sydney by Seaplane on request, and our concierge service can make all the arrangements on the guest's behalf.
NB There is a maximum of 6 guests per flight. Luggage restrictions also apply – there is a limit of 1 standard airplane carry on sized bag or overnight duffel bag per person in addition to a small personal bag such as ladies handbag. We will ask you for each passenger weight's upon booking. Please don't be offended! This information is required to ensure the seaplane carries enough fuel and is adequately weight balanced before take-off.


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Genius Brands International Appoints Industry Content Sales Veteran, Caroline Tyre, to SVP of International Distribution & Head of the Genius Brands Network
Tyre to Drive Content Distribution for Company's Catalog, Including the New Stan Lee's Superhero Kindergarten, and Flagship Properties, Rainbow Rangers and Llama Llama, as well as Oversee the Continued Expansion of the Genius Brands Network
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., July 01, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Genius Brands International "Genius Brands" (NASDAQ: GNUS) consolidates the management of its rapidly expanding distribution business with the appointment of content sales and acquisitions veteran, Caroline Tyre to oversee global content sales as SVP of international distribution. Additionally, Tyre will spearhead the ongoing digital growth as Head of the Genius Brands Network, comprised of the Kid Genius Cartoon Channel and Baby Genius TV. The announcement was made today by Genius Brands' Chairman and CEO Andy Heyward, to whom she will report.
In her new position, Tyre will be responsible for all aspects of Genius Brands' global distribution business, including content sales for the company's library of children's programming such as Stan Lee's Superhero Kindergarten, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, which will be on offer for the first time at this year's MIPJr. market; the hit CGI-animated preschool series, Rainbow Rangers, currently airing season one on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. with season two in production; the Netflix Original preschool series Llama Llama, starring Jennifer Garner, which is currently in production on season two; Warren Buffett's Secret Millionaires Club, created with and starring iconic investor Warren Buffett; award-winning toddler brand Baby Genius; adventure comedy series Thomas Edison's Secret Lab; and a slate of projects currently in development.
She will also lead the continued expansion of the Genius Brands Network--a destination devoted to delivering "Content with a Purpose," providing kids and parents with a choice in premium entertaining, enriching and engaging programming. The network is comprised of Kid Genius Cartoon Channel and Baby Genius TV and is distributed across multiple over-the-top (OTT) platforms as both ad-supported video-on-demand (AVOD) and subscriber video-on-demand (SVOD) services that includes Amazon Prime, Comcast's Xfinity on Demand, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Cox, Tubi, and Xumo. The Genius Brands Network currently reaches 80 million U.S. households with continued expansion planned both in the U.S. and internationally.
"2019 and 2020 are pivotal years for Genius Brands with the global rollout of our flagship brands, and the development of new properties to take to market," stated Heyward. "Caroline offers extensive 360 degree expertise in the content industry with a keen insight into the dynamics of the ever-evolving children's media landscape, and she will be instrumental in building existing relationships and forging new ones with broadcasters and platforms around the world to launch our properties into the marketplace."
"It is an honor to join Genius Brands to be an integral part of the executive team as the company is poised to grow exponentially this year, particularly with the international debut of Rainbow Rangers, as well as the introduction at MIPJr. of Stan Lee's Superhero Kindergarten to potential partners around the globe," said Tyre. "This is truly an exciting time to be part of what Andy and his team have been building over the past five plus years, and I look forward to lending my expertise to take the company's content distribution to the next level."
Tyre, a 20-year industry veteran, has been involved with a wide range of positions within the entertainment industry from acquisitions and programming to distribution and licensing. Prior to joining Genius Brands, she served as Vice President, Sales & Acquisitions for AuxMode, a global MCN with 2000+ channels worldwide that are generating 2+billion views/month. Her work with networks and studios has included pivotal positions in sales and acquisitions at other top-tier companies such as Spin Master, Entertainment One, DHX Media, the CBC, and TELETOON, where she spent six years as the Director of Programming.
Crescendo Communications, LLC (for Genius Brands International)
A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5207c585-efe9-40d0-a741-754fbc1d8306
Genius Brands international Appoints New SVP of International Distribution and Head of Genius Brands Network
Industry veteran, Caroline Tyre, has been appointed at Genius Brands International to drive international content sales and oversee all aspects of the Genius Brands Network as SVP of International Distribution & Head of Genius Brands Network.


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New study – The Probi FerroSorb® concept effective in preventing iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy
A recently completed clinical trial has successfully demonstrated that Probi FerroSorb®, a unique probiotic concept containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® significantly improves iron status in pregnant women.
"We are very excited to have concluded the study showing an opportunity to safely improve health in pregnant women, a particularly sensitive population, through the use of Probi's probiotics. The results show that use of Probi FerroSorb® reduced iron deficiency as well as the prevalence of anemia for the study participants. This is the first double-blind, placebo controlled study in pregnant women evaluating the effect on iron status of probiotics and is an important milestone for Probi in proving the health benefits of our probiotics also for expecting mothers" says Titti Niskanen, Director of R&D and Clinical Operations.
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world and is especially common during pregnancy. Deficiency of iron can lead to anemia, which can cause multiple symptoms, e.g. fatigue, weakness, pallor, tachycardia, and shortness of breath, affecting the expecting mother. Furthermore, iron deficiency anemia also confers negative outcomes for the baby, such as low birth weight, premature birth, and increased mortality. Iron supplementation is currently standard treatment for iron deficiency. However, only a small part of the supplemented iron is absorbed, and the remaining unabsorbed iron often causes side effects such as abdominal pain and constipation.
Probi FerroSorb® has earlier been proven to increase iron absorption in healthy women of childbearing age. This new randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on Probi FerroSorb® included 326 healthy, pregnant women. The results provide evidence that iron status is significantly improved for pregnant women after intake of Probi FerroSorb. The product containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® and a carefully balanced mix of iron, vitamin C and folic acid, was administered twice daily from early pregnancy and until delivery. The effect was measured on iron status and the treatment with the probiotic product showed significant improvement compared to placebo. The treatment resulted in reduced iron deficiency, and also significantly reduced the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia during the last trimester of pregnancy in healthy, pregnant women.
"Probi FerroSorb® is a unique probiotic concept for people with low iron levels, increasing the uptake of iron and potentially helping to normalise the iron levels for the person taking the supplement. Probi has now shown that this probiotic concept is safe for use by and provides health benefits to the important population of mothers to be all over the world – a group of consumers in high need of additional iron. We are currently introducing Probi Gravid on the Swedish market as a supplement based on this probiotic concept, available in pharmacies right now. The concept is also under introduction to our customers worldwide, expecting to see new product launches moving forward" says Tom Rönnlund, CEO of Probi
Titti Niskanen, Director R&D & Clinical Operations, Probi, tel +46 46 286 89 68, e-mail: titti.niskanen@probi.com
(titti.niskanen@probi.com)Tom Rönnlund, CEO, Probi, tel +46 46 286 89 40, e-mail: trd@probi.com
Probi AB is a Swedish publicly traded bioengineering company. Probi's vision is to help people live healthier lives by delivering effective and well-documented probiotics, with proven health benefits based on scientific research. Founded by scientists in Sweden in 1991, Probi is a multinational company, active in more than 40 markets around the world and holding over 400 patents worldwide. In 2018, Probi had net sales of MSEK 604. The Probi share is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm, Mid Cap. Probi had about 4,000 shareholders on December 31, 2018. Read more at www.probi.com.


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Kanaans
15 april, 2022 av admin
For parties entering into a contract, contractual capacity is required, both parties must be mentally capable for the contract to be legally binding. Read 4 min As an example, Mr. Smalley committed to selling a product, but then claimed that it lacked capacity, so the contract that required him to sell was void. He had been in psychiatric hospitals several times and had been diagnosed by doctors as manic-depressive. His doctor claimed he was unable to accept trade deals in his manic state. The California Court of Appeals would not terminate the contract, saying Smalley could enter into contracts in its manic state. With the exception of minors, a contracting party that is subsequently classified as non-contractual is not automatically released from its contractual obligations. The court will often consider all the circumstances in which the contract was concluded. For example, a contract is potentially voidable if a party was drunk or under the influence of drugs at the time of entering into the contract and signing the document. The drunk party may have the right to cancel the contract at a later date, especially if the other party knew it was altered at the time of the agreement or intended to take advantage of the drunken party.
A person who does not have capable mental capacity may cancel a contract or have his guardian declared null and void, unless it is a matter of necessity. Most states use a standard they follow to test mental capacity that sees if the person understands the meaning and impact of all the words that make up the transaction or contract. This is done with a cognitive test, while some states use the affective test or motivation test. The courts measure the mental capacity of the person to decide whether they knew what they were doing when they signed the contract. Contractual capacity at the time of entering into a contract is often referred to as "jurisdiction" or "capacity". When it comes to entering into a legally binding contract, it can be assumed that some persons are incapable or competent to enter into contracts. In short, both parties to a contract must have the contractual capacity or jurisdiction for the agreement to be legally binding. If someone tries to terminate a contract from which they have already gained a significant benefit, the courts will not allow them to confirm that contract. Since they have already benefited from the contract, the court considers this proof of acceptance and is bound by the contract. Definition: Contractual capacity is the ability of a person to sign binding contracts with other parties, either for himself or on behalf of a third party.
It is a legal competence to conclude an agreement. It is important to know what capacity means in a contract when entering into a legal contract. The ability to enter into a contract means that the person entering into the contract has legal jurisdiction. This means that they are competent to perform the action they accept in the contract. A person must have common sense to find himself in this situation. However, some people are not able to sign a contract because they are not. These include: A person who is under the influence of alcohol, street drugs or certain prescription drugs cannot enter into a contract or give consent to an action. Even if it is not obvious to others that a person is drunk or weakened, they are often unable to think clearly or reasonably, to communicate their intentions clearly, or to recognize problematic or dangerous situations.
In addition to contributing to a lack of contractual capacity, drugs, alcohol and prescriptions are also considered an inability of a person to give consent to medical care or sexual acts. They were both present when the contract clauses were drafted, but a few days later, the artist`s manager called Perry to tell him that the contract was ready to be signed, and he planned the signing date for tomorrow. Although Perry was present during the negotiations, he does not have the contractual capacity to sign the agreement. Marcus, the company`s CEO, is the only one with this ability. Perry politely clarified the situation to the officer and immediately called Marcus to inform him of the signing. The law generally recognizes three categories of persons who are generally not believed to have sufficient understanding or mental capacity to be bound by a contract or legal agreement. These people without contractual capacity include: Anyone under the influence of drugs or alcohol, whether a prescription or non-prescription drug, may not be able to give consent when entering into a contract. Thus, if a person is sued for breach of contract and believes that he was under the influence of drugs or alcohol when signing the agreement, then he will want to invoke the defense of contractual capacity by arguing that he was unable to conclude the contract because of this incapacity. The manic part of the illness is not a mental weakness that makes someone unable to sign a contract after court.
They claimed that this could alter his judgment, but not affect his understanding, so the contract was not void. Contractual capacity means that the parties are able to understand that a contract is being concluded. In addition, the parties must also be able to understand the fundamental nature of the contract. In short, if a party does not understand the nature and consequences of an agreement it has entered into, the law considers that party incapable of entering into a legally binding contract. If you are faced with a problem in an existing contract that may be questionable due to the nature of a party, you should immediately seek the assistance of a qualified contract attorney. Although this is not a contractual obligation, it is often advisable to consult a lawyer before entering into a contract. An experienced and qualified contract lawyer can advise and inform you in case of problems of jurisdiction and execution of a party who concludes the contractual agreement. Ken joined LegalMatch in January 2002.
Since his arrival, Ken has worked with a variety of talented lawyers, paralegals and law students to make LegalMatch`s law library a comprehensive source of legal information accessible to all. Prior to joining LegalMatch, Ken practiced law in San Francisco, California for four years, handling a variety of cases in areas as diverse as family law (divorces, custody and maintenance, injunctions, paternity), real estate (real estate, landlord/tenant litigation for residential and commercial real estate), criminal law (misdemeanors, crimes, minors, traffic violations), personal injury (car accidents, medical malpractice, Slips and traps), entertainment (hosting contracts, copyright and trademark registration, licensing agreements), labor law (wage claims, discrimination, sexual harassment), commercial law and contracts (breach of contract, drafting of contracts) and san Francisco bankruptcy (Chapter 7 of personal bankruptcies). Ken holds a J.D. from Golden Gate University School of Law and a B.S. in Business Administration at Pepperdine University. He is admitted to the California State Bar and the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Ken is an active member of the American Bar Association, the San Francisco Bar Association and the California Lawyers for the Arts. In general, a person entering into a contract is likely to have full legal capacity to be held responsible for the duties he or she is willing to perform, unless that person is a minor, mentally handicapped or drunk. The ability to sign contracts is a very delicate responsibility, as it allows an individual to legally engage in many different situations that can have financial, political or personal consequences.
This is the reason why contractual capacity has its limits and can never be accepted when the nature of the contract is complex. While some courts might find a contract unenforceable in these circumstances, others might provide that those who are voluntarily drunk cannot evade their contractual obligations, but should rather be required to act under the contract, since they did consent to it at the time of signing, even if they were drunk […].
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The Supra Boats @Supra_Boats Supra Freaks just returned from a trip to Minnesota to get SupraFreaky on the SC450's surf waves with Supra Boats dealer Midwest Watersports. You can't miss this one! There's drama when Jon looses Matt only to be reunited through Swell Surf System waves. Check it out!


5 Members of the Public.
224. Cllrs G B Jones, N Salmon, S Jones and W J Williams.
225. To remind Cllrs concerning of any matters of interest that may arise during the meeting. Cllr Hulse declared an interest when discussing any matters in connection with Natural Resources Wales.
226. It was resolved to confirm the minutes of the Council meeting held on 6 November 2017 as being a true record subject to the deletion of "not yet" under minute 218 and "Bullen" changed to Hulse under minute 221.
227. Community Action Plan. Minute 187. Ongoing.
228. Maintenance of Leats. Minute 188. Discussed under minute 252.
229. Adopt a Flowerbed. Minute 189. Ongoing.
230. NHS Wales Health Collaborative. A consultation on a proposed major trauma network for South and West Wales and South Powys.
231. Ceredigion County Council. Details of an order for diverting rights of way to footpath 2/31.
232. Welsh Government. A written statement by Kirsty Williams, Cabinet Secretary for Education on her new action plan for education in Wales.
233. Ecodyfi. Up to date information on forthcoming events etc.
234. Ceredigion County Council. The most recent "Cymdogion Cynnes" pack is available online.
235. Alun Jones. A copy letter concerning a longstanding issue with a neighbouring property, Uwch y Nant.
236. One Voice Wales. Details of various vacancies on the NHS Trust and a OVW vacancy as a Mid and West Wales development officer.
237. Wales Ambulance Services NHS Trust. Details of a vacancy as Chair to the Trust and an information event on the 20th November.
238. Ceredigion County Council. Information on a road closure between the hours of 12.01am and 6.00am on the 17 December to the 22 December due to the renewal of the level crossing at Ynyslas.
239. Donation Requests. Welsh Hearts and Noah's Ark.
240. Natural Resources Wales. Information from NRW on making £3million available to projects to improve the environment across Wales.
241. Ceredigion County Council. An invitation to send representatives to meet the Leader of the Council, Councillor Ellen ap Gwynn and the Chief Executive, Mr Eifion Evans, to discuss matters of current mutual interest. Cllrs Bainbridge and Griffiths volunteered to attend as representatives of Council.
242. One Voice Wales. Details of a consultation on "Planning Law in Wales".
243. One Voice Wales. The November 2017 edition of the OVW news bulletin.
244. Borth Scouts Jamboree. A letter from Mrs Helen Williams as chair of 2nd Borth Scouts asking for financial support towards three members who have been selected to attend the next World Scout Jamboree in West Virginia, America, in 2019. Each member has to raise the sum of £3300 to cover the trip. Members resolved to donate the sum of £300.
245. Tree Project. An e-mail received from Lynne Jones of Ynyslas Gardens raising concerns in the event that planning permission is granted. Who is liable for maintenance, for problems arising after storms or in case of accident? Is it Ceredigion CC or the artists or both? Secondly, the issue of parking was highlighted when it immerged at the site meeting, that no provision has yet been made in the planning application due to the landowners of the designated parking site – the Golf Club - not being informed their land was part of the planning application. Do the Highways dept, who have supported the planning application, know about this change - that there is no parking facility in place? Cllr Ashley suggested waiting until the panel had made their decision. However, the Clerk was asked to respond stating that any issues and concerns would be covered by planning conditions. Ms Kim Williams (member of the public) distributed copies of the objections she had produced at the site meeting, a copy of the blank petition and an image of the groyne marker. Cllr Hulse also attended the site meeting and gave a brief update. Cllr Ashley invited Robert Davies (Tree artist) to speak. He said that he tried to address all criticisms at the site meeting and will forward a copy of his report of what he said to Cllr Quant.
246. BSPFA. A letter of thanks for the generous increased in funding towards maintenance costs on the community hall.
247. One Voice Wales. A Hywel Dda Community Health Council planning questionnaire 2018/19 to be completed by the 18th December 2017.
252. Cllr Quant gave a brief update on a meeting held between NRW and JJ Ormerod in respect of the blocked leat near the White House. Highways engineers have flushed the system. NRW are behind with works to clear ditches due to wet weather conditions and this includes works to the ditch on the old tip road.
253. Cllr Quant told members that Ceredigion County Council has covered all the basics in their response.
254. Cllr Hulse suggested submitting two entries showcasing how the Council uses the website, noticeboards, facebook etc to provide up to date information and secondly an annual report packaging up what Borth Community Council already does.
This will be included on the agenda in January 2018 for further discussion.
255. Cllr Bryn Jones will prepare a response for the January meeting.
256. Cllr Hulse gave the following updates. Good progress has been made on increasing the number of Community Wardens in Borth and Ynyslas, with final amendments to be included we would look to issuing an updated Community Emergency Plan by mid-December including a welcome to all new Community Wardens. The NRW Flood Coordinator event is progressing for Wednesday 17th January, hopefully there will be an open evening event attached to this so that we can share the date with the welcome message.
A lot of activity and correspondence this last month centring around the proposed metal Tree planning application in the inter tidal zone of Borth beach. Attended the Planning Committee Site Inspection for this application on 1 December 2017 as the representative from Borth Community Council, gave a verbal presentation to the Planning members and community attending that included the outcome of the BCC vote and key points from our May response to planning.
Prior to this an email was circulated to the community email, Facebook and webpage in response to many in the community asking verbally or through social media what Borth Community Council have done, or are doing, in relation to this application. For clarity and transparency, our May response sent in to Ceredigion County Council was shared as was the site inspection date for all to understand for or against.
Unpleasant and aggressive Facebook posts directed at Borth Community Council relating to the events surrounding the Lynx and Borth Wild Animal Kingdom have been lodged with the Clerk and the Police via PACT.
The BCC Facebook page is for the community of all ages, because of this we removed all posts that were threatening or had bad language. Members resolved to set out the following 'Rules' for use of the site.
Do not upload, post or forward a link to any aggressive, threatening, abusive, obscene, discriminatory, harassing, derogatory or defamatory content. Such posts will be removed and reported.
Do not disclose commercially sensitive, personal private or confidential information.
Do not upload, post or forward any content belonging to a third party unless you have that third party's consent.
Please be respectful to others who post information or an opinion, even if they are different from yours, the page may cover important community conversations.
Japanese Knotweed (JKW). Rachel Mills, CCC and a volunteer from Aberystwyth treated half of the chapel land at the end of October, it took 12 hours which was pleasing for such a large and dense area. Advice is being shared with the church elders on what to do over winter to help make future treatments easier. Residents in Borth that would like to tackle JKW next year potentially could access some 'volunteer help' at £5 per hour. We will start to share more information on this in the New Year including what residents could do to get prepared. This will be included on the agenda in February.
Cllr. Stacy Jones will now take on the Dyfi Biosphere contact role and representative for BCC.
Borth Scout group (beavers, cubs and scouts) enquired about possible routes for Community Council funding, advice shared about end of year donations and specific requests for consideration.
Resident requested any updates regarding the parking of Camper vans on the car park at the top of the road by the Bus stop.
I am unable to attend the Ethics and Standards Committee next meeting on 8 December 2017 in relation to the deferred decision to my application for dispensation in relation to Natural Resources Wales.
The Christmas Tree Service will be held at St Matthews on Sunday 10th December. Cllr Hulse asked for suggestions on where to hold the annual council dinner and Libanus was suggested as a venue. Cllr Hulse agreed to organise a menu etc and invitations will be extended to Mark and Helen Williams and Roy and Jo Jones. Members also proposed to gift a £50 M & S voucher to Graham Taylor for all his work on the community website etc.
257. Cllr S Jones in her absence sent the following updates – Nothing to report on flower beds. The Dyfi partnership meeting is in January which she is planning to attend having made contact with the chair and there is still a lot of flooding on road next to golf course.
Cllr N Salmon in her absence sent the following – She is emptying the poo bin on Church Road until Rhona gets back. Nothing has happened re recycling day. Footpath maintenance… Cllr Salmon has re-fixed the strips on the bridge by the donkeys herself after they came loose yet again. Some of the wooden planks are rotten and despite a request that some of the worst planks be replaced, the repairs carried out by the County Council have simply been a re-nailing down of the non-slip strips. She has done them herself this time as they had become very treacherous and that was the quickest solution. However, that bridge really does need proper attention and repair. Cllr Salmon has e-mailed the CC again to request that they carry out the works. Gary has e-mailed recently to say he has been checking and trimming his sections of footpath down the south end of the village.
Cllr Bainbridge gave a brief update on her successful application for a £2000 lottery funding. Father Christmas will be visiting Borth on Tuesday 19th December. She gave a brief World War 1 update and on a very successful Carnival donations evening. Cllr Bainbridge has applied to sit on CHC mental health committee and has asked for any incidents to be reported to her.
Cllr Dalton mentioned that a beach clean was held opposite Pebbles on Sunday 3rd December.
Cllr James is concerned at the dips in the path between Wallog and Clarach. Cllr Quant said he would speak to the Highways department of CCC.
Cllr Willcox has spoken to a land agent (Surveyor) in Machynlleth regarding the non reinstatement of the playing fields following works carried out by Welsh Water. Cllr Willcox asked whether the Council (landowners) would send a letter authorising Iwan Ll Foulkes to represent them in the matter on the understanding that the undertaker will reimburse the land agency fee in full together with any VAT in the event that the freehold owner is not registered on the said scheme. Members voted without debate and resolved to send a letter from BCC to the land agent. Cllr Willcox is unable to trace the base for the flagpole on the car park opposite Brynowen.
Dr Hosker is concerned that two local residents recently passed away and that it was a while before the deaths were discovered. The vulnerability of local residents will be included in the Community Plan.
Cllr Ashley has delivered the display case for the OVW award to Cllr Willcox. A written information sheet will be placed behind the award.
258. Cllr Quant gave a brief update on a recent meeting to discus parking in Borth. Several issues were raised including a byelaw to prevent mobile the illegal parking of mobile homes opposite the old Henninghans shop to the end of the grass area and from the foot of the cliff down to the public toilets opposite NISA. Both sides of the road will be included.
259. There being no further business the Chairman closed the public meeting at 9.09pm. Agenda items for the next meeting to be held on Monday 8 January 2018 to include Budgets and Precept, One Voice Wales Innovative Practice National Awards 2018 and the Future Role of Town and Community Councils. Any other items are to be notified to the Clerk.


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Q: Join list of tibbles with different number of rows into one dataframe I have a list of tibbles (48 to be exact) and they have the same number of columns (2) but a different number of rows. The first column is a value, the second column is a count. Each element has a different name. An example is:
tib_list = list(tibble(value = c(11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 41, 42, 81, 82),
                  count = c(1:9)),
           tibble(value = c(11, 21, 22, 23, 41, 42, 82),
                  count = c(1:7)),
           tibble(value = c(11, 21, 22, 23),
                  count = c(1:4)))

names(tib_list) = c("Carrots", "Apples", "Pears")

I want to combine all of the tibbles from the list into a single dataframe. The first column of the created dataframe will have all of the possible values from the tibbles and the second column will have the counts. If there is no count for the corresponding value, then it should say NA. I also want each column to be named based on the element name in the list. I want my final output to basically be like this:
test = data.frame(value = c(11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 41, 42, 81, 82),
            Carrots = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9),
            Apples = c(1, 2, 3, 4, NA, 4, 5, 6, NA),
            Pears = c(1, 2, 3, 4, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA))

print(test)

  value Carrots Apples Pears
1    11       1      1     1
2    21       2      2     2
3    22       3      3     3
4    23       4      4     4
5    33       5     NA    NA
6    41       6      4    NA
7    42       7      5    NA
8    81       8      6    NA
9    82       9     NA    NA

I have tried cbind (error due to different number of rows) and joins. I am just not sure how to get the output I need. Thanks in advance.

A: We could also do a reduced full_join and change the names:
library(tidyverse)

reduce(tib_list, full_join, by='value') %>%
   rename_with(~c('value', names(tib_list)))

# A tibble: 9 x 4
  value Carrots Apples Pears
  <dbl>   <int>  <int> <int>
1    11       1      1     1
2    21       2      2     2
3    22       3      3     3
4    23       4      4     4
5    33       5     NA    NA
6    41       6      5    NA
7    42       7      6    NA
8    81       8     NA    NA
9    82       9      7    NA

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