Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division China Lake historical and reference collections are maintained by Corporate Operations (Command Historian), Research and Technology Division (Technical Library), and Technical Information Division (Central Photographic Archive, Film and Video Archive). Controlled access to the archival collections and the Technical Library may be arranged for credentialed Department of Defense employees; access to classified collections requires security clearance verification and official visit request. Limited access to the Technical Library may be arranged for Department of Defense contractors. With the exception of the artifacts on display at the China Lake Exhibit Center/Museum, none of the China Lake archives or collections or the Technical Library are open to the public. All non-Department of Defense requests for information or research assistance must be made via the NAWCWPNS Public Affairs Office. Requests should be submitted in writing (Public Affairs Office, NAWCWPNS, China Lake, CA 93555-6100); requesters may be charged for certain materials and services. Contact nwpublicaffairs@navair.navy.mil.
Within the Office of the Command Historian are the Central Archive, the Archival and Technical Materiel Collections (Historic Artifact, Ordnance, Technical/Support Equipment, and Aircraft), and the Museum Collection. The core of the Central Archive is the Collection of Archival and Reference Documents (CARD), which was developed to facilitate the research for the two published (1943-1948) and one upcoming (1948-1958) volumes of the Center's history http://www.nawcwpns.navy.mil/clmf/v123.html. CARD includes copies of early correspondence, historical summaries, biographical data, clippings, photographs, project summaries, chronologies, technical/administrative board files, and informal project histories. CARD is supplemented by project files and archives (e.g., Sidewinder, A-7 WSSA, STAMP); an extensive collection of transcribed oral histories; subject archives (e.g., weather modification, technology transfer, NOTS Advisory Board, China Lake community); predecessor organization archives (e.g., NOL Corona, NWEF); an archival/reference photo/film section; and reference collections, including instructions, manuals, and a reference library. The Archive also includes unpublished manuscript histories and compilation documents.


On Monday, March 28, 2011, the Atlantic Institute for Market Studies (AIMS) helped to facilitate a grassroots initiative to improve our education system. AIMS, in coordination with the Schoolhouse Consulting, hosted a public forum on education, entitled Putting Students First and Fixing Our Schools.
Click here to view Haligonia's livestream of AIMS' public education forum.
Featured speaker Michael Zwaagstra, AIMS author and author of What's Wrong With Our Schools…and how we can fix them (2010), spoke about the issues within our public school system, and offered a comparative look at how other provinces manage their systems. A diverse reaction panel including AIMS President and CEO Charles Cirtwill helped to foster this discussion.
Charles Cirtwill and Schoolhouse Consulting Director Paul W. Bennett wrote a piece in the Chronicle Herald discussing accountability in the public education system. Click here to read the full op-ed.
Concerned parents, teachers, school board members and union representatives gathered to have an open discussion about the issues with our school system. All committed to public education, many productive ideas came out of this opportunity, facilitated by AIMS.
One of these ideas was a bold declaration of principles entitled Students First Nova Scotia. Four public school parents were among the concerned citizens who championed this grassroots initiative.
The new group is beginning to formally establish itself as an independent voice in Nova Scotia public education. They are inviting parents and citizens across the province to sign the declaration and join the fledgling movement for school reform.
Click here to check out their Declaration of Principles.
This public forum and resulting agenda is one of the many ways the Atlantic Institute for Market Studies helps to facilitate citizen-driven discussion and initiatives that inspire positive policy change in Atlantic Canada.


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Sales and Use Tax: Do's and Don'ts
Speaker(s): Georges Lederman, Patricia Pernes
Recorded at: 1AN Art Talks at The Accessible Art Fair New York
Art buyers are regularly faced with the complexities of sales and use tax. This session will cover the basics of sales and use tax, and in the context of several case studies, dive deeper into the details pertaining to tax jurisdictions relevant to art purchasers, tax compliance requirements and potential exemptions.
Talk Details
This session will take place offline at 2pm on November 6th at The Accessible Art Fair, which breaks barriers by enabling expertly vetted artists to show and sell their work directly to collectors at the iconic New York City landmark, the National Arts Club in Gramercy Park.
Speaker Details
Patricia Pernes
Patricia Pernes, Esq. is a Tax Consultant in the Deloitte Tax, LLP Business Tax Services practice and is part of the Deloitte Art & Finance Group. Her experience includes work with the Taxpayer Advocate Service of the Internal Revenue Service and the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights.
Patricia holds a JD/MBA from the University of Connecticut with a certificate in tax, having written her certificate research project on Taxation of Visual Artists: Fine Art, Capital Gains, and the Art of Giving. Patricia has published articles on use tax for art sales, as well as art lending, and is a member of the New York City Bar Association Art Law Committee, and the New York State Bar Association Entertainment, Art and Sports Law Section, Fine Art Subcommittee.
Georges Lederman
Georges Lederman, partner in the law firm of Pearlstein, McCullough & Lederman LLP, is an experienced white collar criminal defense attorney and civil litigator who has focused on representing art world clients over the past 15 years. He has tried over 30 felony jury trials to verdict and has represented collectors, art dealers, galleries and auction houses before federal and state law enforcement agencies investigating the sale of fraudulent works of art; the importation of ivory, antiquities and international cultural heritage artifacts; sales tax evasion; and money laundering. Mr. Lederman served for 10 years as an Assistant District Attorney in the Frauds Bureau and Trial Division of the New York County District Attorney's Office. He is a guest lecturer at the very same agencies before whom he frequently appears and a contributing writer to art world publications.
Deloitte proposes a cluster of top services for the art, cultural and financial sectors. Their aim is to be at the crossroads of a multiplicity…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Your child will feel like their favourite player for LFC while practicing their skills in the matching top to the professionals this season. This Liverpool Kids Training Jersey 2017/18 (Black) is guaranteed to make your child's day and can be easily integrated into any young supporters training gear.
Black is the base colour of this training jersey for 2017-18, and there are also white and gold embroidered details. Situated on the right of the top is the New Balance logo in white and opposite this on the left is the Liverpool FC 125th anniversary crest in gold which stands out against the dark base.
NB Dry technology has been incorporated into the design of this training jersey, which aims to maintain a dry and cool state for your child during strenuous practice sessions. This is achievable due to the technology speeding up evaporation by lifting excess moisture off your child's skin.
As well as this technology, there are mesh panels on the jersey which in turn help to make it more breathable while your child is running around on the pitch fine tuning their skills.
We have acquired this training jersey directly from New Balance themselves to ensure that you are receiving an authentic item of Liverpool FC sportswear for 2017-18.
There is a limited supply of this top in stock in boy's sizes small to x-large (ages 7-14). To prevent missing out on this Liverpool kids black training jersey 2017/18, it is advised that you place your order now before they sell out. This top can also be matched with any of the LFC clothing items which are available within our site. Also, to cater for a wide range of our customers, we offer a variety of fast international shipping methods to ensure that your little one could be wearing their new training top to their next session in a matter of days.


It only takes a small water leak, or even excess humidity, for mold to form in your Sunbury home or business. Then, mold can spread quickly through the property in as little as 48 hours. Mold can produce allergens and irritants, and it has the potential to cause other health effects. If your home or business has a mold problem, we can inspect and assess your property and use our specialized training, equipment, and expertise to remediate your mold infestation.
SERVPRO of Lewisburg / Selinsgrove is locally owned and operated, so we are part of the Sunbury community too. When you have a water or mold damage issue, we're already nearby and ready to help. We're also part of a network of over 1,700, including special Disaster Recovery Teams placed strategically throughout the country to respond to large-scale fire, water, and storm disasters.
Here at SERVPRO of Lewisburg / Selinsgrove we understand what it takes to properly remediate a mold situation in Sunbury, PA. Encountering mold can be worrisome for any homeowner, but SERVPRO is here to put your mind at ease. We have the right tools and trained professionals to get the job done right. Give us a call at (570) 523-3300 and we will be on our way to help.


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Education has power to 'transform lives'
Education is one of the keys to empowering girls and helping families out of poverty. Ahead of the International Day of the Girl on 11 October, staff from the Dignity Freedom Network Australia describe how their partner organisation in India, Good Shepherd (part of the Anglican Church), is supporting girls there to gain an education, as well as dreams and hope the future.
Despite the difficulties of this year, teachers and parents in Australia have worked in partnership to ensure the best possible outcome for our students, as the value of education is recognised in our communities. But this is not the case in many countries. A stark difference exists for children raised in poverty, oppression and exploitation, with girls suffering the most.
At Dignity Freedom Network, we believe in the power of education to transform lives and break the cycle of vulnerabilities. That's why we are at the forefront of championing education in various communities in India, working hard to support and keep girls in school.
Samitra* and her parents live in rural India. Her parents are trapped in bonded labour. The family's crops failed a few years ago after a long period of drought and they were left with no income. Desperate, they agreed to a loan from a businessman on the condition that they work for him rolling cigarettes to pay back the loan. They did not know the interest rate was so high that they would never be able to pay it back.
For Samitra, this meant there was little money for food and she was pulled out of her local school. Rolling cigarettes would become her future, as such debts are passed down through generations. Her future looked bleak – her family exploited, hopeless and exhausted.
Samitra's life changed when our team met her family and heard her story. They arranged for Samitra to attend a Good Shepherd School and found sponsors to support her. Samitra is learning more than academics. The school provides health care and exposure to sport and the arts. Best of all, Samitra is learning that she has value and worth. She now has dreams for the future which gives hope to her parents.
Fuelled by God's heart for the marginalised and guided by God's commands to act justly and love mercy (Micah 6:8), Dignity Freedom Network assists marginalised communities, providing hope and dignity through education, healthcare and economic empowerment. With over 3,000 national staff and 103 schools in India, 26,000 Dalit and marginalised children are accessing quality education with a Christian worldview. This will bring hope and transformation to future generations.
Education is critical in helping families out of poverty. We have seen how it is one of the most effective weapons in the fight against slavery, child brides and child labour.
As the world commemorates International Day of the Girl on 11 October, we reflect on the difference education can make in the life of vulnerable girls, and would like to provide an opportunity for students everywhere to engage and help make a difference in the lives of those most in need around the world.
There are many more girls like Samitra; girls who are learning that life can change and have purpose and hope, and that they are deeply loved and valued.
Over 7,000 girls in our schools are currently unsponsored. This International Day of the Girl, we want to ensure they continue to receive a quality education, to change the course of their lives and the future of their families. Just $33/month provides one month of education for a girl in India.
Everyone can contribute to changing a life. We invite students to partner with us and see how your small efforts can make a world of a difference to someone's life. There are various fun and interesting ways to get involved, whether in your school, church or local community.
For information about the Dignity Freedom Network and the International Day of the Girl, visit www.dfn.org.au/igd, follow DFN on Facebook or phone 1800 949 774.
* Name changed to protect identity
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» Diplomatic Economic Club®» Reception of the Embassy of Poland in Latvia 13.05.2016 (3252)
Reception of the Embassy of Poland in Latvia
Each year on 3 of May in Poland is the national holiday Third of May (Swieto Narodowe Trzeciego Maja), and the Celebration of Constitution of 3 of May (Swieto Konstytucji 3 Maja), the anniversary of the adoption in 1791 of the Constitution of the country.
Reception of the Poland Embassy in Latvia on occasion of the National holiday took place at the Great Guild hall in Riga on 13 of May.
There were invited diplomats, the Polish community in Latvia, representatives of business circles.
The guests were addressed by Ambassador of the Republic of Poland Ms. Eva Dembska.
The first Polish Constitution is the oldest in modern Europe adopted in 1787 and second in world history after of the Constitution of the United States. According to the Constitution, Poland was proclaimed a country under the control of a hereditary constitutional monarchy and Parliament.
On 3 of May 1918 the country proclaimed an official holiday and on 3 of May 1990 the Celebration of Constitution was restored and declared a national holiday.
The Polish Ambassador Eva Dembska congratulated the guests on the holiday, wished success and prosperity to the peoples of Poland and Latvia.
During the reception a concert dedicated to the holiday and end of the presidency of Poland in the position of the Council of the Baltic sea.
At the concert «Music of the Baltic landscape» was made by the famous Polish string quartet from Silesia. They played masterpieces by composers from four countries — Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.
Diplomatic Economic Club® » Reception of the Embassy of Poland in Latvia » Views: 3252 Diplomatic Club


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U.S. Labor Department's OSHA cites Cambridge, Mass., contractor after workers overcome at Newton, Mass., worksite
Tues., May 12, 2009
ANDOVER, Mass. - The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has cited a Cambridge, Mass., contractor for alleged willful and serious violations of safety and health standards after three of its employees were overcome by lack of oxygen on Oct. 20, 2008, while cleaning underground steam pipes on the Boston College campus in Newton, Mass. Thomas G. Gallagher Inc. faces a total of $71,000 in proposed fines.
OSHA's inspection found that the contractor had not evaluated the oxygen levels in the steam vault in which the employees worked to determine if it would be safe to enter; had not provided a harness and rescue equipment; and had not trained the employees in confined space hazards and precautions, and the protective and emergency equipment required for work in confined spaces.
As a result, OSHA has issued the company one willful citation with a proposed fine of $63,000. OSHA also has issued the company two serious citations, with $8,000 in fines, for not guarding and providing access stairs or a ladder for the manhole through which the employees entered the steam vault.
"While it is fortunate these employees were not killed, this case highlights the dangerous nature of confined space hazards," said Paul Mangiafico, OSHA's area director for Middlesex and Essex counties. "Oxygen-deficient or toxic atmospheres can swiftly sicken or kill both workers and their rescuers if they are not properly trained and equipped."
OSHA defines a willful violation as one committed with plain indifference to or intentional disregard for employee safety and health. OSHA issues serious citations when death or serious physical harm is likely to result from hazards about which the employer knew or should have known.
A confined space has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, is not designed for continuous employee occupancy and can contain oxygen-deficient or toxic atmospheres. Detailed information about confined space hazards and safeguards is available on OSHA's Web site at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/confinedspaces/index.html.
The company has 15 business days from receipt of the citations and proposed penalties to comply, participate in an informal conference with the OSHA area director or contest the citations and proposed penalties before the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission. The inspection was conducted by OSHA's Boston North Area Office in Andover; telephone 978-837-4460.


To inaugurate our event series on gaming, swissnex San Francisco hosts a Swiss computer games expo in parallel with the GDC. Come all week and play, and meet the developers on March 4 at the reception.
To inaugurate our 2011/2012 event series on gaming, swissnex San Francisco offers a peek into the Swiss computer gaming industry with a small expo in parallel with the Game Developers Conference (GDC).
During the GDC, where a Swiss booth highlights the nation's top game innovators, our event space becomes a de facto arcade with ready-to-play releases and recent classics from Switzerland's professional game designers and academics.
The game developer scene in Switzerland is growing fast, with institutions like the Zurich University of the Arts (ZHdK) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) bringing more and more young talent each year to a market increasingly known for high design and creative concepts. The country also hosts a string of award-winning small game producers, many in the mobile gaming market.
The titles available to test out at swissnex San Francisco include Daniel Lutz' Colorbind, a finalist at this year's Independent Game Festival and a recent Best Gameplay winner at the 2010 Unity3d-Award in Montreal. The mixed-reality game Gbanga is also available to test out, as is Orbital, a Bitforge production that gained instant fame as one of the apps presented by Apple's Steve Jobs at the iPad launch in early 2010. Still more releases join a selection of the best student works from the new Game Design curriculum at ZHdK, the country's first full-fledged academic gaming design program.
Join us throughout the week of the GDC to try out Swiss games, and come meet their creators at swissnex San Francisco on Friday March 4, immediately following GDC (RSVP Mandatory for this event).
Contact us in advance if you plan to stop by the exhibit.
7:00 pm reception and playtime!
This project is supported by the Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia and its GameCulture Program.
Alexandre Borloz is co-founder and CEO of HexaDec Sàrl, a company working in software development, Internet and Intranet development, game development, graphical design, and consulting. They program video games based on bio-inspired techniques in order to integrate various forms of training. HexaDec's gaming arm aims to develop innovative computer games that integrate forms of artificial intelligence and biologically inspired computing to enhance gameplay.
Daniel Lutz is the founder of the game design company Nonverbal. He received his bachelor's degree in Game Design at the Zurich University of the Arts in 2009 and has produced two award-winning mobile games for the iPhone, Monospace, and Colorbind. He currently works as a game designer for Electronic Arts in Montreal.
Arlette and Duncan Pond of Crown ADAM, a game developer that started in Switzerland in 2008, represent over 40 years of combined experience in the online and casual game markets.
Duncan Pond has led or provided services on a number of successful game titles including Rachel's Retreat (iWin), Interpol: The trail of Dr. Chaos (TikiGames), Alladin's Chess Adventures (Disney), and The Sims, SimCity 2000, and SimCity 4 (Electronic Arts).
Arlette Pond has co-founded and led three privately held companies in the US and Switzerland. She has worked with some of the top players in the gaming business, including Maxis, Electronic Arts, The Learning Company, iPix , Mattel, and Adobe.
Matthias Sala, co-founder and CEO of Gbanga, studied computer science at ETH Zurich and at Stellenbosch University in South Africa. He also completed research internships at the Siemens Smart Home Lab and Xerox PARC in Palo Alto. Sala is also the president and a founding member of the Swiss Chapter of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) and of Mobile Monday Switzerland.
Reto Senn co-founded mobile gaming company bitforge in 2004 with Andreas Hüppi. bitforge is now a leading company in the production of tailor-made client solutions and mobile applications. It's created software for high-profile companies and brands such as Swisscom, Orange, MTV, Axe and more. Senn is responsible for bitforge's multi-platform strategy and knows the ins and outs of mobile hardware and mobile software development.
Robbert van Rooden is co-founder and partner of the innovative Bern based online agency "Nothing" and responsible for concept and design of games & RIAs. With his work in manifold areas like transport, energy, tourism, finance, lottery and politics he has comprehensive experience in developing games and RIAs. Robbert van Rooden has a masters degree in media science and is a founding member of the Swiss game developers network "IGDA Switzerland chapter".
Orbital is bitforge's lead game, racking up honors such as the Pocketgamer Award, nominations in top-ten games of the decade lists, and included by the New York Times in their iPad app picks. It was pre-installed on all iPads and demoed during the launch of the device in early 2010. bitforge is available on iPhone, iPad, and Palm Pre and has been downloaded over 200,000 times.


Nearly one in five provider organizations (18 percent) polled for a new joint report from CHIME and KLAS have seen malware or ransomware infect or impact medical devices in the past year and a half.
While few of those incidents ultimately resulted in compromised health information or an audit by the Office for Civil Rights, according to almost 150 chief information officers, chief information security officers, chief technology officers and other IT and infosec leaders polled for the report, those device vulnerabilities were a big concern to most of them.
Fewer than 40 percent of respondents said they are "very confident or confident" that their health systems' existing strategies were adequate to safeguard those devices, protecting patient safety and preventing interruptions in clinical workflow, according to the survey.
The Medical Device Security 2018 report does suggest that progress is being made as hospitals and health systems try to protect their IT systems and connected devices from malicious remote access and corruption from malware.
More than one in four (27 percent) of respondents said their security programs were substantial and fully functional, and almost half (47 percent) said they were developed during this calendar year, reflecting a readiness and responsiveness to persistent and fast-evolving threats.
Still, "progress has been slow," according to CHIME and KLAS, which found the CIOs and CISOs they polled citing internal factors – more than 75 percent cited insufficient resources – as major challenges to devices.
Poor asset and inventory processes were some other hurdles respondents cited, as well as ambiguous org charts that created murky security ownership and responsibilities.
And there were also big complaints about medical device vendors and the regulatory agency that oversees them. A huge majority of those polled – 96 percent – said security vulnerabilities stemmed from manufacturer-related factors.
Just as many said they face challenges managing outmoded operating systems and patching devices. Nearly two-thirds of survey respondents said manufacturers shift blame to FDA regulations they claimed hinder them from improving device security. Another third, meanwhile, said lack of clarity with FDA policies gave manufacturers and excuse to duck responsibility for device flaws.
"Safeguarding medical devices requires a joint effort from both provider organizations and device manufacturers," added KLAS President Adam Gale. "Many providers have the basic building blocks for a general security program in place and are making progress, although it is difficult and time consuming, toward developing a mature program. We also are seeing some manufacturers being more proactive and accountable."
"Unsecured and poorly secured medical devices put patients at risk of great harm if those devices are hacked," said CHIME CEO Russ Branzell in a statement. "In recent years, that risk has increased exponentially as devices in hospitals and health organizations have become more and more interconnected. Our members are looking for ways to safeguard these devices, but they need resources and support to be effective."


61 Optimal Of Birth Certificate San Jose – Welcome to our blog, in this particular occasion We'll demonstrate in relation to Birth Certificate San Jose.
The US Census Bureau reviews that they regularly get requests for birth certification from citizens who don't know that obtaining their beginning records is usually a great deal nearer to dwelling, including their own condition, or even their unique Group.
On the other hand, there is absolutely no centralized federal repository of beginning information in the United States. Alternatively, Each and every state maintains its own information either on the point out Health Office or Bureau of Important Studies (usually a division with the Wellbeing Division).
At times the county or town in which you ended up born may need a duplicate within your start certificate, but not all do. However, Should you be in your mid-70s or older, you could come across that is the only area they are doing exist as quite a few point out information return only until the early 1900s.
At times folks believe a copy in their start certificate is kept on the medical center in which they were born and they will have a replacement duplicate there. That's not correct. Whilst the medical center information may perhaps consist of a record of your birth (and should you be middle-aged, the not as likely This is certainly, or at the least the more unlikely it is usually that anyone could discover the document), hospitals simply cannot challenge you a alternative start certificate.
Requesting a duplicate of the beginning certificate calls for that you choose to submit a ask for in crafting using your total delivery title, birth date, area of date and, when doable, your dad and mom' initially and past names (like your mom's maiden title). Additionally you need to say the beginning certification is for yourself, as delivery certificates will only be issued to the person, their husband or wife, mothers and fathers, grandparents, siblings, and/or lawful guardians.
Official beginning certificate replacement types might call for further data, but a letter conveying what you want and delivering the knowledge generally is adequate. You furthermore mght want to include the appropriate charge.
Individuals lose track of their crucial documents for many good reasons. You'll find online solutions that exist today, making a start certificate effortless to obtain. You may also replace a birth certification for your relative based on genealogy uses; this info are available on the net.
Your birth certification fades in relevance, once you've gotten a license, your 1st occupation, along with a social security card. To prove your legitimacy, there are other government issued ID's which will establish who you're. Nonetheless, there are many things that nonetheless call for that you've a start certification, no matter whether It really is your original one particular you been given in the mail following a number of months of birth or irrespective of whether you had to interchange it.
Birth certificates are usually issued with the point out through which you or that man or woman is born. You could Make contact with the state's court clerk where you can obtain a Qualified duplicate of your own private certificate, Although It's a replace birth certification it would however be the initial Licensed duplicate. So that you can attain an authentic copy, you have to transform in an application that includes your total title, you mom and dad comprehensive names, which they suppose that you simply possess them, The placement of delivery and the goal of your quest and you will also need the date of start. You will need to also send them a copy of one's legal identification that which really should be current and recent.
For every state, There exists a unique price structure to obtain a replica of your respective birth certification, normally the rate's are among $ten-fifteen but, ensure you Verify before you ship as part of your software requesting a duplicate. Some states offer an "heirloom start certificate" but, People certificates are generally for "petty utilizes", they aren't legal documents that may be accustomed to verify your birth or legitimacy, so Guantee that you are not seeking to get an heirloom start certificate, Be sure that you're requesting a copy of your Licensed birth certification.
As I mentioned, at times you are able to attain this facts from the own city, nevertheless, It's not required that they maintain most of these data. When you are aged seventy five or more mature, you will likely learn that Here is the only area it is possible to acquire your information. That is a result of the state's procedures on only trying to keep information which might be through the early 1900′s and on. This may be a acquire-reduce circumstance for all those older persons that Reside in just a rural place. Persistently local copies of information happen to be ruined as a result of floods, fires, and other kinds of natural disasters. Some have found that the one spot to locate their info as a result of this motive is in their own household bible. Understand that a lot of these spouse and children data are already recognized due to the loss within your Formal files as a consequence of these sorts of disasters.
Several people are beneath the idea that replacement start certification can be gotten from your medical center exactly where they were being born. It's not legitimate. Granted, hospital data will often involve your delivery information but hospitals will not be permitted to issue replacements for you. There is no exception below.
The issuing of the substitute have to be accomplished because of the condition history department that maintains these birthing data for your state you were being born in. It is important to speak with your point out document Office about what to do in the above situations wherever your records may are already ruined or you might be of an more mature age and they are not required to maintain your information.
In order for you to get a alternative delivery certification, there are several belongings you will need to have. Beneath are the principle factors you may be asked to post.
5. You will have to point out the substitution history is to suit your needs as You can't ask for a substitute of someone else's information.
Remember that Formal substitute beginning certification data could require you to give more info, but usually a Observe detailing what you would like with the above mentioned details will suffice. Additionally, you will want to determine just what the substitution rate is so that you could enclose it with all your letter. With no fee, you won't Obtain your alternative start certificate.
When getting ready for the various milestones in everyday life that demand evidence of private identification, Do not overlook the need to present an official start certification duplicate. Implementing for any driver's license, marriage license, passport, enrolling kids in class and even some Employment typically demand an official delivery certificate duplicate being presented. When you think of an 'official" start certification copy, what do you believe? Properly, Really don't Imagine hospital duplicate or perhaps a photocopy out of your Business office copier for the reason that that is NOT what the people today requesting your "Formal" copy keep in mind.
Generally, individuals You should not realize that whatever they take into account their Formal delivery certification is not really basically a lawful document. The copy supplied to new mothers and fathers at the hospital, at times Along with the newborn's footprints on it, is supposed to become a cherished keepsake but is not legitimate for official evidence of identification. Your initial beginning certificate have to continue to be on file at the selected important information agency office of your respective start position soon after remaining submitted for registration by the attending medical center. This is when the sole "primary" copy of the delivery file is situated. This Model is kept beneath lock and key and most of the people won't ever see their authentic. This can be completed that will help guarantee your identity is secured. For needs of official organization you will need to acquire a Accredited (elevated seal) delivery certification within the Section of public well being or crucial information Place of work exactly where the birth took place. This is often also frequently described as an "official" copy.
What helps make a Certified Start Certification Official?
The primary difference between Formal and informational beginning certificate copies is a registrar's seal. The sort of seal utilised varies by states, but will probably be proof the birth certificate is often a federal government issued, Accredited doc. The seal might be elevated, embossed, amazed or multicolored. Most significantly It will likely be notarized (signed and dated) because of the registrar. Certified copies can be utilized to prove id for virtually any motive. Such as, these copies is going to be recognized when applying for passports and motorists licenses, between other events.
Most cases necessitating a beginning certificate would require proof the Accredited certification duplicate was issued because of the office of essential statistics in the county, city or state in which the beginning transpired. In general, the notarized doc will exhibit the full certificate holder's title, the date and location of beginning plus a file or registration date inside 1 calendar year from the beginning.
Besides demanding an official birth certification copy, some agencies will specify whether they need to see the lengthy or quick variety. The short sort is a computer generated certificate that generally only contains identify, delivery day, file day. The shorter form is really a certified copy. It might or might not comprise the guardian's names. This manner is commonly needed to show identity for licensing, journey, estate and passports.
The very long sort, also commonly offered like a Licensed duplicate, is normally an real photocopy from the archived certification. This Edition gives all the things within the quick kind (identify, date, file date, put of start) together with every other info recorded through the clinic, which include guardian's names and occupations, or birth time. The very long sort is not really as generally essential, but may be used for passport, social stability, Worldwide adoption or dual citizenship.
Although it might sound tiresome to endure the whole process of securing a Accredited, official beginning certification copy, it can be for the general public's basic safety a large number of companies involve it. If easy, non-Qualified photocopies were being regarded lawfully valid, identity theft could skyrocket. If a certified delivery certification was to slide into the wrong fingers the probable for id theft hurt is significant. This is why it is suggested to keep your start data and various crucial records inside a protected location such as a Harmless or safety deposit box.
Following time you comprehend you must present a birth certificate–bear in mind why it has to be Accredited. The extra techniques are in your best curiosity to protect your identity. Should you have Qualified copies on file, make certain They're in a secure, safe location. If you do not Use a duplicate useful, you may want to look at buying your official beginning certification online. You under no circumstances understand how soon it will be that you need to existing a Licensed duplicate.
Related Post "61 Optimal Of Birth Certificate San Jose"


text:
Tanout es una comuna urbana de Níger, chef-lieu del departamento homónimo en la región de Zinder. En diciembre de 2012 presentaba una población censada de , de los cuales  eran hombres y  eran mujeres.

El área de la comuna fue explorada por Heinrich Barth en 1851. La localidad se desarrolló a partir de 1915, cuando los colonos franceses establecieron aquí una sede administrativa civil y militar. La población está formada principalmente por kanuris, fulanis y tuaregs. La economía es principalmente agropastoral, aunque también incluye ganadería nómada y comercio.

Se encuentra situada en el centro-sur del país, unos 120 km al norte de la capital regional Zinder sobre la carretera RN11 que lleva a Agadez.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Comunas de Níger
Región de Zinder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Retail therapy may feel good, but the amount of stuff we are consuming is rapidly trashing the planet. The good news is that the EU has come up with some excellent policies making products cleaner and greener. Not only that, but they are also saving us money and reducing toxic pollution. So what are they?
A dynamic duo of push and pull factors are improving products in Europe, the world's largest marketplace.
Minimum performance standards are agreed by experts under the Ecodesign Directive, a steadily rising bar forcing wasteful products off our shelves. Energy efficiency has been the focus for the two-dozen major product groups covered, but soon it will ensure products are long lasting, can be repaired and recycled. Meanwhile, consumers are pulled towards better products by the Ecolabel and Energy label, trustworthy schemes backed by law.
The effects are impressive. Efficiency means lower bills and we are already benefiting from energy savings that will be worth an average €490 per year per home by 2020. Nearly a million new European jobs are being created and half the bloc's energy efficiency goals are being met thanks to these golden policies. All this with the support of industry, consumer and green groups. This hasn't stopped populists and freemarketeers from attacking the policies as 'meddling' by Brussels.
With great spending power comes great responsibility. The public sector in the EU has a huge demand for products and services, a market worth an estimated EUR 1.8 trillion. This is a big chunk of money to spend on things which can have huge impacts on the environment – from keeping the lights on and filling the printer with ink and paper, to sourcing office furniture and choosing ecologically-sound (or not) cleaning services.
One way to make sure this money is used as responsibly as possible – and to boost greener business models to cut waste and keep resources in the economy – is Green Public Procurement (GPP). A policy instrument agreed by all EU Member States, GPP attempts to standardise what is green and what is not in the world of public spending. The EEB's involvement in this process is aimed at encouarging the EU to be as ambitious as possible when developing its guidance and non-binding GPP criteria for different product groups.
EEB leads the Coolproducts, Right to Repair and Make Resources Count campaigns to ensure these policies remain ambitious in the face of the alarming threats facing our planet and societies. Learn more below.
Thanks to Ecodesign and Energy Labelling, adopted energy efficiency measures are expected to decrease Europe's energy dependence by as much as 175 million tonnes of oil equivalent annually by 2020, this is equivalent to 48% percent of Europe's 2020 energy savings target.
Ecodesign can also help prolonging the lifetime of a product, compared to replacing it early, which would deliver significant resource savings. Carrying out a range of simple, already feasible design options to extend the lifetime of laptops, printers and washing machines in the EU could lead to savings in GHG emissions of over 1 million tonnes per year, which is the equivalent of taking 477,000 cars off the road for a year.
An EEB study also found that these savings are in most cases not outweighed by energy efficiency improvements of new product developments.


After being taken down earlier this month, file sharing website The Pirate Bay looks set to return with its site now showing a large picture of a pirate flag.
The Pirate Bay was taken down on 9 December 2014 after Swedish police raided the site's servers and has been offline since.
Updates made to the site indicate that advertising code has been built into it, and it also appears that visitors are now being pointed to a new site in Moldova.
No official comments have yet been made by those behind The Pirate Bay.


This cleat is primaraly used on dinghy rudders. It flips up when a set load is exceeded. The C257 is easily reset or adjusted for different release loads, even out on the water. It takes lines from 4-6mm. Dimensions are 68mm long, and 24mm wide with 36mm fixing hole centres.


Fairs have been organized in Serbia for centuries, mostly as trade and exchange meetings of the local population. Divcibare Fair is held annually on August 9th. There are historical records of this fair being held in 19th century as a meeting place for the inhabitants of the neighboring villages and settlements (Mionica, Kosjeric, Valjevo, Pozega, Gornji Milanovac).
During the fair, the center of Divcibare is bustling with people, various colorful stalls, delicious food and of course a lot of music and positive atmosphere.


text:
Hunter College art staff protest expected cuts for contract workers that would 'hobble' the programme
The school's full and part-time faculty speak out in defence of college assistants who are at risk of losing their jobs and healthcare
Wallace Ludel
26th June 2020 16:18 GMT
The 29 college assistants in Hunter College's department of art and art history might not have their contracts renewed this year Hunter College
As the City University of New York (CUNY) and State University of New York (SUNY) systems brace for expected Covid-19-related budget reductions, at least one school in the network is considering making early cuts. A petition signed by over 500 faculty, staff, alumni and students of Hunter College's department of art and art history reveals that 30 of the department's college assistants might not have their contracts renewed this year. "These are valued and essential members of our department, many of whom have worked at CUNY for years, and almost all of whom rely on their positions for healthcare for themselves and their families," the letter says. "We refuse to abandon our College Assistants. We refuse to abandon our essential workers during a pandemic. We refuse to let our staff and their families fear the loss of their livelihoods and health insurance."
The petition calls on Governor Cuomo, the CUNY board of trustees and its chairman, as well as CUNY Chancellor Félix Matos Rodríguez to "immediately guarantee the reappointment of all department of Art and Art History College Assistants", for a full year and at their regular hours. The college aids are the employees who maintain and run the department's facilities, equipment, and supplies, and they are often in charge of overseeing the use of studio tools and spaces as well as training students. The petition says that, "without the College Assistants, safe day-to-day operation will be impossible". Signatories include the heads of the art and art history programmes, such as Nari Ward, who leads the school's sculpture programme, and Joachim Pissaro, the Bershad Professor of Art History and director of the Hunter College Art Galleries.
"The Hunter MFA Program in Studio Art is one of the largest graduate programmes in the country with an average yearly enrollment of 125 students," says Carrie Moyer, an associate professor at the university and the MFA director. "Yet we operate with a staff of only one full-time employee and seven who are part-time. These eight people oversee facilities, labs and technical shops, all necessary for our students to make their work." With staffing levels already at such bare bones, the programme stands "to be completely hobbled by any and all cuts," Moyer adds, which would "jeopardise the most important mission of the MFA programme—the education of young artists."
Peter Hoffmeister, an alumni of Hunter's MFA programme who now runs the university's sculpture facilities, says that the college assistants are given one-year contracts, with benefits, and are paid through a budget marked for "temporary services". "But we are not temporary employees. We are permanent employees with little job security who can be discarded when convenient," he says. "I maintain equipment including electric kilns, a laser cutter, and a 3D printer, and train students on their safe operation. I also help the students solve sculptural problems that arise as they create new work."
"Most of us are also Hunter alumni, and returned because we love the community that Hunter offers," Hoffmeister says. "The lack of concern by CUNY administration regarding our livelihoods shows how little they understand our continued devotion to Hunter, because it is certainly not being reciprocated." Hoffmeister adds that he and his colleagues depend on these positions for their healthcare, so not being reappointed also means being stripped of a much needed benefit in the middle of a global pandemic.
Ariel Zakarison, a college assistant who also serves as facilities manager, says that many assistants in Hunter's art department take on responsibilities that would be held by full time staff at other institutions. "We manage shops, maintain and purchase equipment, ensure the safety of students, make purchasing and budget decisions, and manage employees," she says. "We are essential to the functioning of the department but are not compensated in a way that is commensurate with our job descriptions. CUNY already gets a tremendous bargain by cutting corners via staffing the department this way."
Paul Krause, who has overseen Hunter's ceramics facilities for 16 years, says that for the first half of his time at the school his pay was slightly above minimum wage at $7.15 an hour, and that since then it has increased by the same rates applied to rent stabilised housing, or around 1.5% this year. "I supplement my income with other part time jobs, which afford me the cost of living in New York," Krause says. "I stuck with Hunter for the insurance and studio access, but most of all, for the community of students and coworkers. The prospect of not having our contracts renewed, after so many years of dedicated effort, is nonsensical and disappointing."
Requests for comment made to the chancellor's office and university administration were not answered at the time this story was posted.
The media artist Elizabeth Tannie Lewin, who received her MFA from Hunter in 2016 and is now a college assistant managing the art department floor, adds that while other academic departments have transitioned to online learning with relative ease, those "that rely on in-practice, hands-on-instruction—the cornerstone of any successful Arts Department—have been stymied", she says. "CUNY has chosen to view CAs as an extension of the shops, studios, labs, and classrooms they oversee," and since those are currently closed, it is assumed the College Assistants are not working. "But equipment and technology needs routine servicing, updating, and cleaning. They cannot be abandoned for months at a time with the expectation that they'll operate the same when we return," Lewin says. "Covid-19 policies and plans will need to be adopted, enacted, and enforced, and students deserve to re-enter a space that has not fallen into neglect while the city has been on PAUSE."
It remains unclear whether or not the CUNY and SUNY school systems will resume in-person classes in the fall. "We are actively working to reopen the MFA studios over the summer so students can resume their work, whether or not class is held in person," Moyer says. "The upper administration has been completely opaque whether school will be held remotely, even though the beginning of the fall semester is only two months away."
More NewsTopicsHunter CollegeNew York
Was QAnon—America's most dangerous conspiracy theory—inspired by Italian artists?
Biden inauguration is largely virtual—but some live art is planned
A lost Van Gogh self-portrait had the most extraordinary frame that included his much-loved sunflowers—here it is reconstructed
Heatherwick's Vessel closed to the public after third suicide in less than a year
Cate Blanchett is building her own art gallery at her English country home
Treats for Van Gogh fans in 2021: exhibitions, museum openings and books


Irene Freitas is a Feng Shui Strategist and a spiritual energy practitioner, helping people invite better opportunities and positive chi (energy) around them. Her expertise as a Feng Shui consultant, a Reiki Master, a Spiritual Coach, a Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) Master practitioner and Trainer, and a Quit Smoking Specialist, certified by the Association for Integrative Psychology (AIP), allows her to help transform countless lives. She co-authored, "Breakthrough Healing".
She helps ... See More entrepreneurs find success through Feng Shui and energy by aligning their space to support their dreams and desires, be empowered and have a more meaningful life.
She helps her clients breakthrough spiritual, personal, and professional blocks and help them move forward to a successful and prosperous life they so deserve.
Irene is actively involved and a Board member with the South Bay Business Women's Association and South Bay Women's Conference.


text:
import webpack from "webpack";
import merge from "webpack-merge";
import path from "path";
import webpackDevConfig from "./webpack.dev.config.babel";
import { extractCSS, enhanceEntriesWithHMR } from "./build";
import { distPath } from "./build/paths.config";

/*
 All available options & documentation from:
 https://github.co./webpack/webpack-dev-server
 https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server
 https://webpack.js.org/guides/hot-module-replacement
 */

// Getting values from the CLI arguments
const argv = require("yargs").argv;
const isProdModeOn = argv.p || false;
const isDebugModeOn = (argv.env && argv.env.debug) || false;
const serverHost = (argv.env && argv.env.serverHost) || "localhost";
const serverPort = (argv.env && argv.env.serverPort) || 9001;

let webpackDevServerConfig = {
    entry: enhanceEntriesWithHMR(webpackDevConfig.entry),
    plugins: [new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()],
    devServer: {
        contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, `../${distPath}`),
        writeToDisk: true,
        watchContentBase: true,
        hot: false,
        progress: true,
        inline: false,
        index: "index.html",
        stats: {
            colors: true,
            assets: false,
            source: false,
            timings: true,
            hash: false,
            version: false,
            chunkModules: false,
            chunkOrigins: true
        },
        headers: {},
        https: false,
        host: serverHost,
        port: serverPort,
        historyApiFallback: true,
        compress: true,
        open: false
    }
};

export default merge.smart(webpackDevConfig, webpackDevServerConfig);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
InnovationHealthShareSubscribe
This implant can monitor your recovery after surgery and then disappear
A safe, stretchy semiconductor could help save lives.
By Thor Benson
Filed Under Chemistry & Energy
Scientists have been struggling to create a semiconductor that is stretchy, conductive and fully degradable—all at the same time. Researchers have now created a semiconductor that meets all of these requirements, and they say it could be used to monitor how one's body is healing after surgery.
Semiconductors are essential to run electronic devices, everything from computers to smartphones. Using them to operate sensors in the body requires them to be pliable and don't want to require another surgery just to remove one. Semiconductors are typically made of silicon, which won't work for this purpose, so these researchers had to develop a semiconductor with entirely different materials.
These researchers were able to create a semiconductor using two degradable polymers that can stretch to twice its length and remain conductive. Furthermore, it degraded within 10 days when placed in a weak acid, and it's completely non-toxic.
Zhenan Bao, a chemistry professor at Stanford and one of the researchers who worked on this project, tells Inverse you could use this semiconductor to monitor your recovery after muscle surgery, an organ transplant or basically any other type of surgery. The device just has to be coded to do the job you want it to do.
See also: Brain Implants Like Elon Musk's Neuralink Could Change Humanity Forever
This kind of device allows a patient to check how they're recovering regularly throughout the recovery process, Bao says, rather than having to go to the doctor every time they want to see how things are coming along.
Bao says the semiconductor can be powered by radio waves, which would mean through your cell phone. The device would only be operating when activated remotely, which might mean activating it when using an app or something along those lines.
"For the implantable device, it would be desirable to have them be wirelessly powered and read through a cell phone or some kind of simple handheld device," Bao says. "The information can then be sent to the cloud for processing or to the doctor's office."
Bao says eventually they'll be able to power these devices by having them "harvest energy from the body," but they haven't gotten there yet.
About 50 million people experience complications after surgery every year, so being able to consistently monitor a patient's recovery without them having to come to the doctor's office all the time could help a lot of people and likely save lives.
Media via Official U.S. Navy Page/Flickr
How to choose a 2020 diet based on science
Get the most out of your fitness tracker with one sm...
A popular supplement may improve sperm health in 3 e...
Scientists find a new cause for an insidious brain v...
Why Fitbits could be the key to stopping deadly infe...


text:
Home » Blog » Employment Trends and Insights » Professional Recruiters Help Companies Fill Key Roles In Contingency Situations
Professional Recruiters Help Companies Fill Key Roles In Contingency Situations
November 21, 2012 Employment Trends and Insights
Leadership transitions are a natural part of the business cycle. However, when high-level vacancies are unexpected, companies can be left scrambling to react.
For instance, The Wall Street Journal recently reported that Intel CEO Paul Otellini has announced his impending retirement. This move came as a surprise, as the 62-year-old had been expected to retain his position until he reached age 65, at which point retirement would be mandatory under the company's rules.
In a press release, an Intel spokesman stated that "the decision was entirely Paul's," and that the company's board "accepted his decision with regret."
The forced leadership transition comes at a critical moment for Intel, with rising sales of smartphones and tablets leading to reduced demand for the PC chips that make up the core of the company's business. Although the chip-maker has been positioning itself to compete more effectively in the shifting market, it will continue to face significant competitive pressure on price and performance as it seeks to adapt.
The Journal suggests that Intel has historically shown a strong preference for promoting experienced internal talent to top leadership positions, with all five of the company's chief executives having been promoted from within the company. However, Otellini's presumed heir, Sean Maloney, has announced plans to retire after suffering a stroke.
The company is now reportedly looking at a number of candidates to replace its outgoing CEO, including professionals from both in and outside of the business.
Whether a company finds itself in a contingency situation due to an unexpected departure or is looking to find a long-term replacement for a sitting corporate officer, recruitment firms can aid in the conduct of a fast, effective executive or financial professional search.
ExecutionistProfessional Recruiters Help Companies Fill Key Roles In Contingency Situations 11.21.2012
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text:
Q: How to obtain a taylor series of sine in Fortran My goal is to find a Maclaurin series of sine, where the program return 3 things: the expansion of an angle in degrees provided by the user with the precision of 10^⁻15, the first term discard to get that precision and the sine calculated from the function sine(x). Here is my program:
          program serie de taylor seno
             implicit none
             integer*8  N, i, j
             real*8  serie, x, xrad
             real*8 xtest, pi, senx, func, ten, fat
             write(*,*)"Choose en angle in degrees"
             read(5,*) x
             fat = 1.d0
             ten = 10**(-15)
             senx = 0.d0
             pi= datan2(0.d0,-1.d0)
             xrad = (x*pi)/180.d0
             xtest = (x*pi)/180.d0
             func =dsin(xtest)
             i = 0
             do while (serie .ge. ten)
                   do j = 1, 2*i +1
                      fat = fat*j
                   end do
                   N = (2*i)+1
                   serie = (((-1)**i)*(xrad**N))/fat
                   senx = senx + serie
                   i = i + 1
                   fat = 1
             end do
             write(*,*)senx
             write (*,*) i
             write(*,*)func
          end program serie de taylor seno

My problem is that the loop of do while only runs twice for any angle. What did I do wrong?

A: Overall, you've got the right idea, but there are several issues. When trying to debug like this, you should include verbose output during each loop iteration to try to track down exactly what's happening. The problems I found are:

*

*You must compare the tolerance to the magnitude of serie. The Taylor series of sin includes negative terms, and the first negative term is causing your loop to exit (on the second one, every time).

*The tolerance you set is actually 0. 10**(-15) contains only integers, so the answer is evaluated as an integer. Use 10.**(15), or better yet 1.e-15.

*Your program name cannot have spaces, at least for my version of gfortran and ifort. Edit: apparently this is because I copied your code into free form, thanks francescalus

*To make sure the while loop is entered the first time, before any series is evaluated, define serie to some large value.

In addition, I have the following other recommendations:

*

*Do not use non-portable kind modifiers such as real*8. Depending on the system, you will get different answers. Select your kind using, for example, REAL_SELECTED_KIND or REAL64. Because you're requesting a given tolerance, the best thing to do is request that tolerance of your real kinds.

*Similarly, do not use datan and dsin - using the generic function instead will be kind-independent and will evaluate to the precision of the variable it's given.

*Instead of setting the factorial to 1 at the end of the loop, which requires a separate initialization, just set it right before the loop to compute the factorial.

*You do not need 8-byte integers here.

*Just because the last term is less than a tolerance doesn't necessarily mean the series is converged to that tolerance. The sum of many terms could give you a problem, although this is probably not a problem for sin series that converge rapidly.

*Unit 5 is usually the standard input but not always. read(*,... will connect to the standard input, or use INPUT_UNIT from ISO_FORTRAN_ENV.

*What is xteste used for? Is it supposed to be xtest?

*Set variables that shouldn't change, such as pi and tolerance, to parameters.

*Comment your code! It's not very readable right now. Think about what you would think if you came back to it in a year. I've also kept the debugging output I used to check that the code is working. This kind of output is good for beginners to learn.

All told, your fixed program looks like:
program taylor
   implicit none
   integer, parameter :: wp = selected_real_kind(15,300)
   real(wp), parameter :: pi = atan2(0._wp,-1._wp)
   real(wp), parameter :: ten = 1.e-15_wp

   integer :: N, i, j
   real(wp) :: serie, x, xrad
   real(wp) :: xtest, senx, func, fat

   ! -- Initialization
   write(*,*) "Choose an angle in degrees"
   read(*,*) x

   senx = 0._wp
   xrad = (x*pi)/180._wp
   xtest = (x*pi)/180_wp

   func = sin(xtest)

   ! -- Main loop
   i = 0
   serie = huge(serie)
   do while (abs(serie) .ge. ten)

      ! -- Compute factorial
      fat = 1._wp
      do j=1,2*i+1
         fat = fat*j
      enddo

      ! -- Evaluate i-th term in series
      N = (2*i)+1
      serie = (((-1)**i)*(xrad**N))/fat
      senx = senx + serie
      i = i + 1

      write(*,*) 'Completed iteration ', i
      write(*,*) 'serie, senx: ', serie, senx
   enddo

   write(*,*) 'Completed while loop'

   write(*,*) 'senx: ', senx
   write (*,*) 'i: ', i
   write(*,*) 'func: ', func

end program taylor

Which gives the correct output for me:
mach5% gfortran main.f90 && ./a.out
 Choose an angle in degrees
30
 Completed iteration            1
 serie, senx:   0.52359877559829882       0.52359877559829882
 Completed iteration            2
 serie, senx:   -2.3924596203935038E-002  0.49967417939436376
 Completed iteration            3
 serie, senx:    3.2795319442867078E-004  0.50000213258879245
 Completed iteration            4
 serie, senx:   -2.1407197692357951E-006  0.49999999186902322
 Completed iteration            5
 serie, senx:    8.1512566573875745E-009  0.50000000002027989
 Completed iteration            6
 serie, senx:   -2.0315575399030637E-011  0.49999999999996431
 Completed iteration            7
 serie, senx:    3.5702758612702185E-014  0.50000000000000000
 Completed iteration            8
 serie, senx:   -4.6610066605152958E-017  0.49999999999999994
 Completed while loop
 senx:   0.49999999999999994
 i:            8
 func:   0.49999999999999994

A final note about assigning an integer value to a real number, such as fat=1._wp. It would be the same to simply say fat=1, or fat=1.. However, assigning a non-integer value using the same notation, such as fat=1.5, experiences a loss of precision, so the correct notation is fat=1.5_wp. So I tend to keep my notation consistent everywhere and use fat=1._wp for simplicity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Flinq
{

public static class FlinqQueryExtensions_Contains
{
	public static bool Contains<T>(this FlinqQuery<T> query, T element)
	{
		var finalList = query.Resolve();

		bool found = finalList.Contains(element);

		FlinqListPool<T>.Return(finalList);

		return found;
	}
}

}


text:
OLD NORTH GA WX BLOG
WX on This Date
Weather for SCCA Events in Lincoln
GA Weather Events
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Weather on This Date - May 10
Today's Weather Map
A deadly tornado hit the town of Snyder, OK, killing 87 persons. The tornado leveled 100 homes in Snyder, and destroyed many others. The large and violent tornado killed a total of 97 persons along its 40 miles path across southwestern Oklahoma. Its roar could reportedly be heard up to twelve miles away. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
Morning lows of 21 degrees at Bloomington-Normal and Aurora, IL, established a state record for the month of May. (The Weather Channel)
Summer-like "Father's Day" type weather prevailed in the north central and western U.S. for "Mother's Day", as seventeen cities reported record high temperatures for the date. Jamestown ND soared to a record high of 96 degrees. Thunderstorms along the Central Gulf Coast deluged Lillian AL with 14.5 inches of rain, and nearby Perdido Key FL with 12.8 inches of rain. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
Thunderstorms produced hail and high winds over the Atlantic Coast Region and the Gulf Coast States marking the end of a five day episode of severe weather associated with a cyclone tracking out of the Great Basin into southeastern Canada. (The National Weather Summary)
Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front crossing the Plateau Region produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Butte MT, and gusts to 77 mph at Choteau MT. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
A spring storm produced heavy snow in Upper Michigan and eastern Wisconsin. Totals ranged up to 12 inches at Marquette MI, with eight inches reported at Muskego WI and Hartford WI. The heavy wet snow, and winds gusting to 35 mph, damaged or destroyed thousands of trees, and downed numerous power lines. Total damage from the storm was more than four million dollars. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
A slow moving cold front finally drifted into central Georgia and scattered thunderstorms developed along the front during the afternoon and evening. In Pulaski County, extensive wind damage occurred in the northern part of the county. More than two dozen trees were downed. At least one structure suffered substantial damage when a tree fell on the structure. Several homes on the northwest side of Hawkinsville sustained minor to moderate roof damage when shingles or portions of the roofs were torn off the homes. (NWS Atlanta)
Data courtesy of WeatherForYou
24 Hour Temperature Change
High Temps
Low Temps
High Temp Anomalies
Low Temp Anomalies
Max Wind Speed
24 Hour Rainfall
A Twitter List by DaculaWeather
Never base important decisions on this or any weather information obtained from the Internet. Always have a backup method of receiving weather information such as a battery powered weather radio.
Copyright © 2018 NorthGeorgiaWX.com and DaculaWeather.com


text:
"Hold On" é uma canção do rapper estadunidense 50 Cent. Lançado em 18 de Março de 2014, como segundo single de seu quinto álbum de estúdio Animal Ambition.

Lista de faixas

Vídeo da musica
O vídeo da musica foi lançado em 18 de Março de 2014, no canal do artista na plataforma VEVO. Sendo produzido por Eif Rivera.

Desempenho nas paradas

Canções gravadas por 50 Cent
Singles de 2014


text:
layout    : post
title     : "Cilium Network Topology and Traffic Path on AWS"
date      : 2019-10-26
lastupdate: 2022-10-13
categories: cilium aws bpf
---

This post explores the **network topology** and **traffic path** between two
cross-host Pods in a Cilium powered K8S cluster on AWS. We will use general Linux
commands to fulfill this task. At the end of this post, we will get a picture
like this:

Besides, we'll also look into the code to see how Cilium achieve this.
Code based on `v1.10.7`.

Also, the network topology and routing rules/entries are quite similar in other
cloud vendors, such as Cilium on AlibabaCloud.

This post is included in
[Cilium Code Walk Through Series]({% link _posts/2019-06-17-cilium-code-series.md %}).

----

* TOD
{:toc}

----

# 1 Preparation

## 1.1 Test Environment

We have two K8S hosts:

* node1: `10.5.2.48`
* node2: `10.5.2.58`

and two Pods:

* pod1 `10.5.2.11` on node1
* pod2 `10.5.2.22` on node2

Nodes and pods are in the same VPC, with VPC gateway `10.5.2.1`.

> Note: For security reasons, as well as easy of understanding, I have
> substituted the real IP/MAC addresses with faked ones. This should not
> undermine the meaningfulness of this post.

## 1.2 Container netns and `nsenter`

We will use `nsenter` tool tool to execute commands in container's network
namespace on host, the format is:

```shell
$ nsenter -t <pid> -n <command>
```

where,

* `-t <pid>`: the target process `<pid>`
* `-n`: enter network namespace
* `<command>`: command to execute

this is equivalent to `docker exec <container> <command>`, but more flexible
than the latter, as there are often shortage of network tools or lack of
privileges inside containers, executing commands on hosts doesn't have this
limitation.

Get container process ID:

```shell
root@node1 # docker inspect 04d740a33726 | grep Pid
            "Pid": 75869,
```

`75869` is just the `pid` we wanted.

## 1.3 Verify Basic Connectivity

Ping pod2 from pod1, make ensure it is reachable:

```shell
root@node1 # nsenter -t 75869 -n ping 10.5.2.22 -c 2
64 bytes from 10.5.2.22: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.248 ms
64 bytes from 10.5.2.22: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.208 ms
```

OK! Next, we will explore the exact path of these packets, namely the
network devices, routing table, arp tables, BPF hooks all the way.

# 2 Egress: Pod -> Host -> VPC Network

## 2.1 Network inside container

Start our journey from pod1. Check the network devices inside pod1:

```shell
root@node1 # nsenter -t 75869 -n ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    ...
42: eth0@if43: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc noqueue state UP
    link/ether ee:14:d3:9a:62:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.5.2.11/32 brd 10.5.2.11 scope global eth0
```

As can be seen, it has a loopbak interface `lo` and a network interface `eth0`
with IP address `10.5.2.11`.

**Pay attention to `42: eth0@if43`**, this special notation means that `eth0` has an
`ifindex` numbered `42`, and that the devices with `ifindex` `42` and `43`
compose a **veth pair**. This `ifindex` is unique within the host (node1 in
this case), we will see this again later.

Next, check the route table inside container:

```shell
root@node1 # nsenter -t 75869 -n route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.5.2.191   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
10.5.1.191   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
```

It can be seen that the gateway for this pod is `10.5.1.191`, and all egress
traffic will forward to this gateway. Look for the gateway on host:

```shell
root@node1 # ip a | grep 10.5.2.191 -B 2
31: cilium_host@cilium_net: <...> mtu 9001 ... qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:ee:d6:5f:6c:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.5.2.191/32 scope link cilium_host
```

We can see that the container gateway is held by device `cilium_host`. Actually
`cilium_host` and `cilium_net` compose another veth pair, they are both on the
host network space, and will be created on cilium-agent start.

Next, check the ARP table inside container:

```shell
root@node1 # nsenter -t 75869 -n arp -n
Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
10.5.2.191            ether   86:05:d4:99:a9:f5   C                     eth0
10.5.2.48             ether   86:05:d4:99:a9:f5   C                     eth0
```

It can be seen that both container's gateway and host IP point to the same MAC
address `86:05:d4:99:a9:f5`. Let further determine which device holds this
address.

## 2.2 Veth Pair connecting to host

```shell
root@node1 # ip link | grep 86:05:d4:99:a9:f5 -B 1
43: lxc050ba70e11a8@if42: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc ... qlen 1000
    link/ether 86:05:d4:99:a9:f5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
```

That's it! Device `lxc050ba70e11a8` holds it. Notice the `43:
lxc050ba70e11a8@if42` notation, and recall that container's `eth0` actually
holds `ifindex=42`, so we are now ensure that:

1. pod1 connects to host via veth pair (`if42 <--> if43`, or in name presentation `eth0 <--> lxc050ba70e11a8`)
1. default gateway in pod points to the `cilium_host` device on host
1. next L3 hop of the Pod generated traffic is `cilium_host`
1. next L2 hop of the Pod generated traffic is the host end of the veth pair (`lxc050ba70e11a8`)

This is exactly how pod egress traffic flows from container to host.

## 2.3 Egress BPF Code

One of Cilium's great powers is the dynamic traffic manipulation. It implements this
by utilizing BPF. Detailed explanations on this topic is beyong the scope of
this post, refer to the official doc [BPF and XDP Reference
Guide](https://docs.cilium.io/en/v1.6/bpf/) if you are interested (or my
[TRANSLATION]({% link _posts/2021-07-18-cilium-bpf-xdp-reference-guide-zh.md %})
if you could read Chinese).

Cilium uses `tc` BPF to filter ingress and egress traffic for containers. Let's
see the egress part:

```shell
root@node1:~  # tc filter show dev lxc050ba70e11a8 egress
filter protocol all pref 1 bpf
filter protocol all pref 1 bpf handle 0x1 bpf_lxc.o:[from-container] direct-action not_in_hw tag db59e2ea8177ded3
```

> Note: if the output of the above command doesn't show the
> `bpf_lxc.o:[from-container] direct-action not_in_hw tag db59e2ea8177ded3`
> info, it may be that your `iproute2` package is too old, try to upgrade to
> a newer version.

List all loaded BPF programs on this host (node1):

```shell
root@node1:~  # bpftool prog
288: sched_cls  tag a390cb0eda39ede9
        loaded_at Oct 22/10:48  uid 0
        xlated 808B  jited 637B  memlock 4096B  map_ids 182,169
...
294: sched_cls  tag 596c1921e0319e72
        loaded_at Oct 22/10:48  uid 0
        xlated 176B  jited 157B  memlock 4096B
297: sched_cls  tag db59e2ea8177ded3
        loaded_at Oct 22/10:48  uid 0
        xlated 19144B  jited 11706B  memlock 20480B  map_ids 285,169,171,286,287,172,277,183,283,173,179,167,180
```

Let's dig further to see what the BPF code/rules looks like. Dump the
interpreted BPF code:

```shell
root@node1:~  # bpftool prog dump xlated id 297
   0: (bf) r6 = r1
   1: (b7) r7 = 0
   2: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +60) = r7
   3: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +56) = r7
   4: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +52) = r7
   5: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +48) = r7
   6: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +64) = r7
   7: (18) r2 = 0xffffff5a
   9: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r6 +80)
  10: (79) r8 = *(u64 *)(r6 +216)
   ...
```

Dump the JITed BPF code:

```
root@node1:~  # bpftool prog dump jited id 297
   0:   push   %rbp
   1:   mov    %rsp,%rbp
   4:   sub    $0x228,%rsp
   b:   sub    $0x28,%rbp
   f:   mov    %rbx,0x0(%rbp)
  13:   mov    %r13,0x8(%rbp)
  17:   mov    %r14,0x10(%rbp)
  1b:   mov    %r15,0x18(%rbp)
  1f:   xor    %eax,%eax
  21:   mov    %rax,0x20(%rbp)
  ...
```

OK, no further digging. If the egress traffic was not dropped by the BPF
code/rules, it will arrive the host, which will be processed by host
routing facilities.

## 2.4 Host routing table

Look at the host routing table:

```shell
root@node1:~  # ip rule list
9:      from all fwmark 0x200/0xf00 lookup 2004
100:    from all lookup local
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default
```

We see that there are 4 routing tables: `2004`, `local`, `main`, `default`.
Check what's in each:

```
root@node1:~  # ip route show table 2004
local default dev lo scope host

root@node1 $ ip route show table main
default via 10.5.2.1 dev eth0
10.5.2.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.2.48
```

The egress traffic from Pod1 will hit the `main` table.

> Note: To be more specific, Pod IP is allocated from ENI, and each ENI has its own
> routing table for egress traffic. In my case here, Pod1's IP comes from
> node1's default ENI (eth0), thus the traffic will hit the `main` table.
> If you have multiple ENIs, the routing should be a little different here.

The `main` routing table is also node1's default routing table (dont' be misled
by the `default` table above, it's just a table with name `default`, but not the
default table for host).

The default gateway of node1 is `10.5.2.1` (the VPC gateway). So the egress
traffic of pod1 will eventually be sent to VPC gateway.

This completes the egress part of our traffic journey.

# 3 Ingress

If VPC network correctly routes the traffic to Node2 (vendor's responsibility),
then those packets will arrive at Node2's corresponding ENI. Let's see what will
be done for those packets.

## 3.1 Host routing table

```shell
root@node2:~  # ip rule list
9:      from all fwmark 0x200/0xf00 lookup 2004
100:    from all lookup local
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default
```

```shell
root@node2:~  # ip route show table 2004
local default dev lo scope host

node2 $ ip route show table main
default via 10.5.1.1 dev eth0
10.5.2.22 dev lxcd86fc95bf974 scope link
...
```

As can be seen, there is a decicated route for Pod2:

```shell
10.5.2.22 dev lxcd86fc95bf974 scope link
```

This means that all traffic destinated for `10.5.2.22` will be forwarded to
`lxcd86fc95bf974`.

## 3.2 Ingress BPF code

Cilium will inject ingress BPF rules for each of the `lxcxx` devices it created.
Let's check this one:

```shell
root@node2:~  # tc filter show dev lxcd86fc95bf974 ingress
filter protocol all pref 1 bpf
filter protocol all pref 1 bpf handle 0x1 bpf_lxc.o:[from-container] direct-action not_in_hw tag c17fab4b3f874a54
```

If you are interested in the exact BPF code, following step are much the same as
our previous egress part:

```shell
root@node2:~  # bpftool prog
156: sched_cls  tag a390cb0eda39ede9
        loaded_at Oct 22/10:59  uid 0
        xlated 808B  jited 637B  memlock 4096B  map_ids 46,33
...
165: sched_cls  tag c17fab4b3f874a54
        loaded_at Oct 22/10:59  uid 0
        xlated 19144B  jited 11706B  memlock 20480B  map_ids 155,33,35,156,157,36,147,47,153,37,43,31,44

root@node2:~  # bpftool prog dump xlated id 165 | head -n 10
   0: (bf) r6 = r1
   1: (b7) r7 = 0
   2: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +60) = r7
   3: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +56) = r7
   4: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +52) = r7
   5: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +48) = r7
   6: (63) *(u32 *)(r6 +64) = r7
   7: (18) r2 = 0xffffff5a
   9: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r6 +80)
  10: (79) r8 = *(u64 *)(r6 +216)
```

## 3.4 Container receive

If the traffic is not dropped by Cilium network policy rules (ingress BPF), then
the packets will go through the host side veth pair and eventually arrive at the
`eth0` inside container - the final destination of our journey.

Now re-depict the global data flow picture here:

# 4 The implementation: code walk through

```
// Call stack of cilium-cni
interfaceAdd               // plugins/cilium-cni/interface.go
 |-routingInfo.Configure() // pkg/datapath/linux/routing/routing.go
                |-route.ReplaceRule("from all to 10.5.2.22 lookup main") // INGRESS rule: outside -> pod
                |
                |-route.ReplaceRule("from 10.5.2.22 lookup <tableId>")   // EGRESS  rule: pod -> outside
                |-netlink.RouteReplace("default via <vpc gw> dev <eni>") // EGRESS route entry 1: pod -> outside
                |-netlink.RouteReplace("<vpc gw> dev <eni> scope link")  // EGRESS route entry 2: pod -> outside

// Call stack of cilium-agent
reloadDatapath             // pkg/datapath/loader/loader.go
  |-if ep.RequireEndpointRoute()
      upsertEndpointRoute(ep, *ip.IPNet(32))                              // INGRESS route entry: outside -> pod
```

See our [Cilium Code Walk Through Series]({% link _posts/2019-06-17-cilium-code-series.md %})
for more detailed call stacks of cilium-agent and cilium-cni.

The below table summarizes the rules, route entries, and by whom they are set:

| Direction | Resource | Owner (set by whom) | Command to inspect |
|:----------|:-----|:------|
| Ingress | routing rule  | **cilium-cni** (`/opt/cni/bin/cilium-cni`) | `ip rule list` |
| Ingress | routing entry | **cilium-agent**                           | `ip route show table <table>` |
| Egress  | routing rule  | **cilium-cni** (`/opt/cni/bin/cilium-cni`) | `ip rule list` |
| Egress  | routing entry | **cilium-cni** (`/opt/cni/bin/cilium-cni`) | `ip route show table <table>` |

## 4.1 Pod ingress rule & route entry

The rule for all traffic **ingressing to a pod/endpoint**
is set by Cilium CNI plugin **cilium-cni** during
pod network creation (refer to the above calling stack).

The resulted rule:

```
(node2) $ ip rule
20:     from all to 10.5.2.22 lookup main  # outside -> container, lookup main
```

and the **routing entry**:

```shell
node2 $ ip route show table main
10.5.2.22 dev lxcd86fc95bf974 scope link
...
```

But note that, different from the policy routint rule, the route entry is set by
**cilium-agent** during endpoint creating process, and,
**--enable-endpoint-routes=true** need to be configured for the agent, which defaults to `false`.

## 4.2 Pod egress rule & route entry

For the egress direction, both the routing rule and routing entries are set by `cilium-cni`, with something
looks like below:

```shell
$ ip rule
111:    from 10.5.2.22 lookup 11           # container -> outside, lookup table 11
```

```
$ ip route show table 11
default via 10.5.2.1 dev eni2              # default via VPC gateway
10.5.2.1 dev eni2 scope link
```

# 5 Summary

This post explores the **network topology** and **data flow** of the
inter-host traffic between two pods in a **Cilium-powered K8S cluster on AWS**.
We used common Linux command line tools to fulfill this task. We also walked through
the code a little. Hope these contents are helpful to you!

# References

1. [Cilium: BPF and XDP Reference Guide](https://docs.cilium.io/en/v1.6/bpf/)
1. [Cilium: AWS ENI](http://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/concepts/ipam/eni/#ipam-eni)
1. [Cilium: AWS ENI Datapath](http://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/concepts/datapath/#aws-eni-datapath)


text:
<?php

namespace Kitpages\ShopBundle;

final class KitpagesShopEvents
{
    const AFTER_ORDER_PAYED = 'kitpages_shop.event.after_order_payed';

    const AFTER_ORDER_CANCELED = 'kitpages_shop.event.after_order_canceled';

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}


Hopeful Parents: What if my kid doesn't want to read road signs or decorate cakes?
What if my kid doesn't want to read road signs or decorate cakes?
This is a piece I wrote a few years ago when I first visited my son's high school. My fears about the school have been realized and I wrote about this at Dark clouds clearing earlier this week on the BLOOM blog at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital.
When I was in Grade 9, I took a test to see if I could get a scholarship to the Toronto French School. It was an exclusive private school that prepared students to write exams that would get them into the most prestigious universities in the world.
One of the questions on the exam was about the value of a university education – whether the goal was to get a job or if there was something intrinsically worthwhile about higher education.
I wrote an essay about the value of education in and of itself – of higher learning for the sake of bettering oneself – entirely separate from getting a job.
Today I am sitting in an old, run-down school listening to a guidance counsellor talk about how the goal of my son's high school education will be to get a job.
There will be no reading of To Kill a Mockingbird in this school. We'll be lucky if they learn to read road signs.
Everything is to be experiential learning – no physics or geometry or literature. Math will be taught by counting bus tickets.
My son can stay here until he's 21. But he won't earn a high-school degree. He's not smart enough.
The student population is made up of two groups: those who score in the 5th percentile for intelligence, and those who fall below the first percentile. She makes a point of explaining that this means that if you take 100 kids, ours are at the bottom of the heap.
The program is focused on life-skills, the teacher says. They learn how to prepare food, make a doctor's appointment and ride the bus. Their homework is 30 minutes of reading before bed. Most read at a Grade 1 or 2 level. One of their innovations is a cake-decorating course.
The library in the school is remarkably bare. School and books. Don't they go together?
They have a café where the kids learn to prepare food that everyone eats for lunch. There are computers, but they seem few and far between.
The staff are very nice and obviously dedicated to their work.
A teenager shows us where they eat lunch and tells us that they're not allowed outside (unless they have permission from their parents).
Unlike other high schools, there are no kids hanging around in cliques all over the property. The smokers, the jocks, the nerds. The building is tucked in from the street and feels like a place that is both protective of its students and forgotten by the world.
I begin to feel queasy, picturing my son at a segregated school where any hope of him furthering his academic abilities will be kissed goodbye. And I'm afraid, wondering how he'll navigate this world where everyone is twice his size and his dwarfism will be even more pronounced? What if he's bullied? What if no one understands him? What if he can't tell me what happens?
"I really don't have many options for you," the special ed person says before we leave.
"I don't know what our decision will be," I tell him, surprised to hear my voice crack. I hope he doesn't notice that if I'm not careful, I'll cry.
D'Arcy and I share a joke. It's a choice between this school for kids with mild-intellectual disability and the class for students with developmental disabilities we visited a year ago. It was in a dark room with no windows in the basement, accessed through the caretaker's room.
Sometimes black humour is our only reprieve.
As I drive back to work, panic and anger set in. My chest tightens, my eyes burn and my feet get pins and needles. Why must my son and others like him be hidden from the world?
"Don't show your ignorance" pops into my mind, a British saying my father was fond of when I was a child.
"What did you think?" my daughter asks when I return home.
"He might go there," is all I can muster, trying to convey a complete lack of concern.


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This rural setting is pristine in every aspect, yet the hills around are dotted with similar fincas and some great homes!
These kind of opportunities are getting harder and harder to come by and this property has many locations ideally suitable for the construction of a luxury home.
This farm land offers many possibilities for development as a private retreat property, spa, horse or cattle ranch, etc.
This land is located only 10 minutes from the Robert Trent Jones Golf course at Playa Grande and one of the best beaches on the north coast and just an hours drive from Puerta Plata International Airport.