text:
Q: Swift: Undefined symbols for architecture i386: "_OBJC_CLASS_$_CGColor" I'm trying to animate the background color of a view. In the animationDidStop delegate method I try to set the final background color using the toValue property of the CABasicAnimation object. The code seems right in the editor but when I compile the project the linker doesn't find the CGColor class. The code works if I omit the UIColor(CGColor: animation.toValue as CGColor!) expression (for example using a const UIColor)
class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBAction func colorSelected(sender: UIButton)
    {
        let animation = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "backgroundColor")
        animation.toValue = sender.backgroundColor.CGColor
        animation.delegate = self
        self.view.layer.addAnimation(animation, forKey: "fadeAnimation")
    }

    @objc override func animationDidStop(anim: CAAnimation!, finished flag: Bool) {
        let animation = anim as CABasicAnimation
        self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor(CGColor: animation.toValue as CGColor!)
    }

}

UPDATE: with Xcode 6 beta 3 the code compiles but an exception is raised in method swift_dynamicCastUnknownClassUnconditional where the toValue property is casted to CGColor.
This weird behavior seems to be related to some Xcode issue.

A: Remember the class is CGColorRef and not CGColor. CGColor is the property on UIColor to get CGColorRef like  [UIColor redColor].CGColor

A: This is related to a compiler bug, as clarified by Apple in this forum thread. A radar was requested and filed: 17603642.


text:
Q: How to change class of a div by hovering on another element What I'm trying to achieve is basicly having navigation elements like
link1
link2
link3
and below them there's an image
[x] <- defaultImage
Now what I want is when I hover over link1 the image changes to image1, when I hover over link2 the image changes to image2,... and when I onMouseOut - the image goes back to defaultImage
I had this working with
function mouseOverImage(elm) {
var id = document.getElementById("catPic");
img.style.width = elm.getAttribute('data-cat-width');
img.style.height = elm.getAttribute('data-cat-height');
}
function mouseOutImage() {
var id = document.getElementById("catPic");
img.style.width = img.getAttribute('data-default-width');
img.style.height = img.getAttribute('data-default-height');
}

+

link1

link2

+

and it works fine
BUT
Now I want to change approach, and instead of using different images each time when calling for change via onMouseOver I want to use Sprites
And I'm really struggling how should I approach it?
I generated an image sprite out of few images and I have a code like
.sprite-1, .sprite-2, .sprite-3, .sprite-4,
{ display: block; background: url('tmp.png') no-repeat; }
.sprite-3 { background-position: -0px -0px; width: 280px; height: 441px; }
.sprite-4 { background-position: -288px -0px; width: 280px; height: 420px; }
.sprite-5 { background-position: -576px -0px; width: 280px; height: 420px; }

I have no idea about Scripts so please treat this as a total newb question and if you have and answer please tell me where to put the code
Thanks a lot for any help!

A: First, make some functions to add and remove a class from a HTMLElement, you'll be interested in the Element.className property for this..
function hasClass(e, c) {
    return (' ' + e.className + ' ').indexOf(' ' + c + ' ') !== -1; // in list
}

function addClass(e, c) {
    if (!hasClass(e, c)) e.className += ' ' + c; // add if not in list
    return e;
}

function removeClass(e, c) {
    var i, s = ' ' + e.className + ' ';
    c = ' ' + c + ' ';
    while (-1 !== (i = s.indexOf(c))) { // while class in list
        s = s.slice(0, i) + ' ' + s.slice(i + c.length); // replace with space
    }
    e.className = s.slice(1, -1); // set
    return e;
}

Then attach listeners in your favourite way, for example you can use a similar pattern to your existing way if you write functions for mouseover and mouseout such as..
function chooseImage(x) {
    addClass(
        document.getElementById("catPic"),
        'sprite-'+x
    );
    // unchooseImage('default here');
}
function unchooseImage(x) {
    // chooseImage('default here');
    removeClass(
        document.getElementById("catPic"),
        'sprite-'+x
    );
}

There is another property which you could use, element.classList, but this isn't fully supported by all browsers yet (only basic support in IE 10).

The following would be for .sprite-1 and .sprite-2.
link1
link2

A: Just in case someone need it, this can be achieved by pure CSS if the elements has the same parent. Usign the ~ or sibiling selector. A further explanation on how it works can be found here.

The general sibling combinator selector is very similar to the adjacent sibling combinator selector we just looked at. The difference is that that the element being selected doesn't need to immediately succeed the first element, but can appear anywhere after it.

I made a jsfiddle to enlight the trick.
https://jsfiddle.net/cwh7dww1/

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text:
Ocean Champions
A Journey Into Seas of Plastic, teaches about the impacts of plastic in the oceans and how we can help
Examples of individual and group actions
Success stories – youth
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Impacts on Marine Life
Government Action
Initiatives and Innovations
Worst Offenders
Videos of plastic pollution
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More about plastic
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Para Jagoan Lautan (Ocean Champions) being distributed in Indonesia
May 2, 2019 May 14, 2019 michelle.mech@gmail.com
Is Canada's recycling industry broken?
At the Loraas recycling plant in Saskatoon, 650 bales of worthless plastic pile up outside. Among the towers of packaging: a crumpled parmesan cheese container, a spray bottle of tile cleaner and a tub of garlic mayo.
A lot of this plastic, tightly compressed into cubes, has been sitting here for months, waiting for a buyer. But no one has come knocking.
"This material here is very hard to move," said Dale Schmidt, manager of Loraas Recycle. "Currently, it moves at a negative value and it only moves once in a while. We're having a real hard time getting this stuff to market."
What once could be sold for profit now costs money to haul away, and the notion that Canadians are saving the planet by putting things in a blue bin is proving to be a delusion.
The recycling industry in Canada is having its moment of reckoning.
"It's a watershed moment. We have to come clean, we have to be honest, we have to get back to truth, to reality with these programs," said Lorenzo Donini, director of government affairs and municipal relationships for GFL Environmental in Western Canada.
In a months-long investigation, Global News spoke with dozens of communities, companies and industry leaders across the country about the mounting challenges faced by Canada's recycling industry. The result is dire: with few exceptions, more recycling is being sent to landfill, fewer items are being accepted in the blue bin and the financial toll of running these programs has become a burden for some municipalities.
While recycling has never been a money-making venture, cities and recycling companies rely on the revenue from the products they collect at the curb — things like plastic, paper, aluminum and cardboard — to offset the cost of sorting and processing.
Everything had a value — for a time.
Now, commodity prices have crashed. Some products have no buyers, and recyclers are paying to get rid of some things.
"Everyone has to come to the table and basically get real now," Donini said.
"If we don't, we will keep going towards a cliff that we go off of that totally erodes all public trust in the program."
What put Canada in this position was its dependency on China.
"It became a drug almost for this country — and in North America — that 'Oh, China will take it. China will take it,'" Schmidt said.
For years, Canada shipped roughly half of its recycling exports to China with the belief it was all being transformed on the other side of the Pacific.
"It's since come to light that, in fact, what they were doing was mining out the valuable materials, and they were, in large part, burning the low-valuable materials," Donini said.
But at the start of 2018, China declared it didn't want to be a dumping ground anymore, banning 24 types of waste, including certain types of plastic and paper. Any material that is still accepted has to be of the highest quality, meaning the country won't take dirty pizza boxes and leftover shreds of cheap plastic.
Other Asian countries have tried to fill the void. From 2016 to 2018, a 98 per cent drop in Canadian plastic exports to China was countered by a more than 1,000 per cent increase in exports to Malaysia. But Malaysia couldn't handle the flood of materials and, in October 2018, banned plastic imports as well. India did the same. Vietnam imposed restrictions. So did Taiwan.
The drug that was China was gone. The message from the rest of Asia was clear: we don't want your trash.
"Now, we're going through withdrawal from that drug," Schmidt said.
Withdrawal has been predictably unpleasant.
The North American supply of recycling — things like paper, cardboard and plastic — has far exceeded demand, and for months, cities scrambled to find new buyers.
In Cowansville, Que., a recycling facility went bankrupt. The Quebec government responded with a $13-million bailout for the industry and a pledge of another $100 million in the 2019 budget.
In the U.S., some towns have resorted to burning their recycling and even cancelled recycling programs altogether.
While much has improved since the initial shock in Canada, the new reality is dreary.
"The problem is in North America itself. We don't have enough mills to fully process the material that we've got," Schmidt said.
The fallout is that more recycling is ending up in landfills than at any time in recent memory. It's measured by something that's called the residual rate — the leftover. The residual rate tallies how much of the recycling a plant receives actually ends up being trash.
"(At) a good plant, the rule of thumb was that if you could keep your residual rate to eight to 10 per cent … that was a good measure," Donini said. "Now, you're looking at more of a 25 percent residual rate if you're doing well … I've heard of residual rates as high as 40 percent."
The City of Toronto's residual rate was 22 per cent in 2015. Today, it's hovering around 30 percent.
"We need a very high-quality standard of material to be able to move at a good value so, ultimately, some materials are removed from the system and end up as garbage," said Matt Keliher, general manager of solid waste management services for the City of Toronto.
Instead of landfilling products at the end of processing, some cities have simply told residents they will accept fewer items to start with — a move contrary to the ethos of recycling.
The City of St. Albert, north of Edmonton, stopped taking five types of packaging last November.
"We wanted to make sure that the items that we collected in our blue bags were able to be recycled to be made into new products," said Olivia Kwok, the city's supervisor of waste and diversion programs.
Items no longer accepted for curbside recycling include glass bottles, single-use cups such as coffee and yogurt cups, plastic clamshell packaging – the type used for berries and pastries, chip cans and non-deposit Tetra Pak containers, which are commonly used for soup and broth packaging.
"Those are items that go to the garbage," Kwok said.
At the Bluewater Recycling Association plant near London, Ont., milk cartons, aluminum pie plates, aluminum food cans and small yogurt cups are no longer accepted.
"Every resident wants to do more, not less, and we share their frustration. We'd love nothing more (than) to come out and say, 'Hey, we can accept these materials," said president Francis Veilleux. "But the fact is today we've gone just a little bit too far. We need to take a step back, refocus on the acceptable materials, and let's do those right and make sure they get marketed."
Determined not to send his products to a landfill, Schmidt of Loraas Recycle in Saskatoon was paying for someone to take his plastic film. "Then, finally, that company closed … and the market for plastic film or low-density polyethylene totally collapsed," he explained.
Without a buyer to take it, plastic film had to be cut from Loraas' recycling program. Now, it goes straight to the landfill.
EFS-plastics, one of the few processing plants that accepts plastic film in Canada, is turning down multiple requests a week from recyclers and municipalities across North America desperate to offload their product.
"It's purely a matter of capacity that we can't do it for them," said Eadaoin Quinn, director of business development and procurement for the company, which is located outside of Stratford, Ont. The EFS-plastics plant is taking all that it can, but it simply can't absorb the world's excess supply. It's a huge problem."
The crossroads where the recycling industry finds itself may hold its biggest test to date: how to find a new way forward and, perhaps, a new mantra — recover, reinvigorate and reinvent.
"I think there is nothing about this situation that can't be salvaged. But it does need some course correction," said Donini of GFL, optimistically at first. But then he warns, "If we don't make these changes, we are going to start flirting with real disaster."
The losing economics of recycling: Canada's green industry is deep in the red
At the Bluewater Recycling Association plant outside of London, Ont., an aluminum pop can is the most precious item they receive. It's worth more than paper. More than plastic. More than cardboard.
Selling these products is how recyclers make a profit — and aluminum is the moneymaker. Though it only makes up two percent of everything that's trucked into the Bluewater plant, the metal is worth 25 percent of the company's revenue. And yet, even aluminum isn't immune to an industry whose profits are plunging.
"Last year this time, we were selling it for about $1,900 a tonne," said Bluewater Recycling Association president Francis Veilleux. "This year, it's closer to $1,300 to $1,400 a tonne."
After China stopped accepting much of the world's recycling at the start of 2018, the market was flooded with product. The dwindling number of buyers who are left demand only the highest-quality material — and at a fraction of the cost. Only two plants still accept Veilleux's aluminum. Aluminum pie plates and cat food tins are no longer accepted. Just pop cans and beer cans.
In today's bleak new recycling reality, the price of commodities — like paper, plastic and glass — has tanked.
Some items, like cheap plastic, don't even have buyers anymore. Recyclers are having to pay to get rid of them. And while recycling was never a money-making venture, the business model was feasible.
Now, for some, it's a burden.
"Garbage and recycling is the number 1 rising cost that municipalities are facing right now. Higher than police or ambulance or medical or anything else," said Amanda O'Neill, director of the West Yellowhead Waste Resource Authority, which handles recycling for 20 rural municipalities in midwestern Saskatchewan. "The costs are going up and up exponentially."
In Ontario alone, the average market price for mixed paper fell 110 percent from August 2017 to January 2019. The values of newspaper and cardboard dropped 50 per cent each. Film plastic — the kind used in shopping bags — dropped 53 per cent.
Toronto has lost millions in revenue. "We're looking at a between $8-million and $9-million hit last year with our lost revenue," said Matt Keliher, general manager of solid waste management services for the City of Toronto.
The sharp drop in profits has put municipalities at a crossroads: raise taxes or cut programs.
Matt Keliher, general manager of solid waste management services for the City of Toronto, Global News
In Kawartha Lakes, Ont., where there's no appetite for a tax increase, the city has backed away from teaching kids the virtues of recycling.
"Going into schools to try to carry the message of recycling, we've had to scale back on that," said David Kerr, manager of the city's environmental services.
The timing of the commodities crash couldn't have been worse for the City of Thunder Bay. When its recycling contract came up for renewal last December, the price more than doubled. "We went from approximately a $1.2-million program to approximately a $2.4-million program," said Jason Sherband, manager of solid waste and recycling services in Thunder Bay.
"Nobody's thrilled, but at the end of the day, it's … the new world that we're living in."
In the U.S., the financial burden of recycling has proven too great for some communities like Franklin, N.H., and Broadway, Va., which have cancelled their recycling programs. But in Ontario, that's not an option: communities over 5,000 people are mandated by the province to recycle.
Exacerbating the financial problem are rapidly rising labour costs. Buyers who are still accepting recycling will only take the highest quality. Gone are the days when a greasy pizza box in a bale of cardboard or a piece of plastic slipped into a package of glass was passable. Now, plants are being forced to sort and sometimes re-sort products to meet stringent requirements, driving up manpower costs.
"It's up 30 percent, for sure," said Lorenzo Donini, director of government affairs and municipal relationships for GFL Environmental in Western Canada. "That's at a good plant that relies on a lot of optical sorters and modern technology … If you're a plant that was based only on labour, your labour costs may have actually doubled."
Lorenzo Donini, director of government affairs and municipal relationships for GFL Environmental in Western Canada
At some plants, they are considering adding staff to handle the strain.
"It's become so much work for them to process the stuff twice," said Holly Schell, Alberta operations manager with Environmental 360 Solutions.
"I just had a conversation today with our … facility supervisor and he said, 'My guys, this is tough on them, and I don't know what else to do. We're going to have to rethink the process and revamp the hours we're working and maybe get another team of people working a night shift just to try to keep up with it.'"
Realizing they're going to have to spend the money either way, communities with deep enough pockets are trying to get ahead of the curve.
The Region of Peel, Ont., is investing $23 million in new sorting technology at its recycling facility. "It'll open up new markets, and we expect to get better pricing," said Norm Lee, director of waste management for the Region of Peel. Lee expects the investment will pay for itself within five years.
The Bluewater Recycling Association plant is also investing in upgrades. To Veilleux, its president, there's no other choice. "Brace yourself: this is not a temporary thing. If you don't adapt and modify your facilities, your infrastructure and maybe refocus the materials that you actually collect that can be recycled, you're going to be in trouble."
—With files from Christian D'Avino
By Carolyn Jarvis and Megan Robinson, Global News
SEE FULL ARTICLE AT: https://globalnews.ca/news/5199883/canada-recycling-programs/
Posted in In the News, RecyclingLeave a comment
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text:
Q: What do we physically mean by smearing in condensed matter? What do we physically mean by term smearing in DFT based codes like VASP or generally in condensed matter?

A: The smearing in density functional theory codes means that you occupy the states of the Kohn-Sham system according to a smooth function, e.g., the Fermi distribution. It is introduced to avoid numerical problems, partly due to the finite sampling of the Brillouin zone and partly due to properties of the investigated system.
One example: Consider a metal with rather flat bands at the Fermi energy. If you have no temperature smearing, then such a band may be completely occupied if it is slightly below the Fermi energy, or completely unoccupied if it is slightly above the Fermi energy. Now consider your self-consistency cycle. In this cycle, the band can shift in energy from iteration to iteration. It can be occupied in one iteration and unoccupied in the next. This means that the charge density can change strongly from one iteration to the next, and such an effect may impede the convergence to a self-consistent solution. If you introduce a temperature smearing for the electronic system, then you obtain smoother changes of the occupations. The mixing algorithms that produce the next charge density from the charge densities of the previous iterations can deal better with such a situation.
That being said density functional theory is a ground-state theory. That means it is made for no temperature smearing of the electronic system. The self-consistent ground-state charge density that you want to obtain is the charge density for 0K. Thus the temperature smearing has to be seen as a convergence parameter. You may set it to a high temperature of 1000K or so to overcome larger convergence problems and then you go on and reduce it until your results don't change any more.

A: Many approximations or models result in discrete spectra, which are difficult to work with mathematically and numerically. E.g., periodic boundary conditions or any other boundary conditions that make the system finite (inevitable in numerics). Smearing then means converting these to a continuous spectrum, e.g., by assuming that the levels are broadened due to the processes not accounted in the model (e.g., electron-pnonon interaction, electron-electron scattering, etc.) The broadening is often taken to be of the order of temperature, which is more than just hand-waving - statistical phsyics provides us with solid arguments that we can neglect the residual interactions, while keeping in mind that they are responsible for the establishment of the thermodynamic equilibrium (characterized by temperature).


text:
In 1851, Rabbi Gotthelf's Louisville Congregation Votes to Send $100 Per Year for Jerusalem's Poor
Here is a letter that speaks directly to the American Jewish experience. A diaspora people, connected to an ancestral and spiritual homeland they will never see, agrees to send its hard-earned money to the poor in Jerusalem. But once that is done, they then set to building, contentiously, a new place for themselves in a new land.
Gotthelf announces the important news that in response to a visit of Rabbi Zadok ha-Levi, his Louisville congregation has voted to send one hundred dollars per year "for the poor in Jerusalem." Rabbi Zadok, he adds, has "very flatteringly" asked him to "supervise the committee"… Then comes a volley of complaints. The synagogue school is a disaster: the teacher bad, the parents impossible, the students behind, "especially in Jewish." Without a school, however, Gotthelf fears for his job: all he gets is criticism. Would Leeser please send him the educational plan used in Philadelphia? An election is at hand, in which every hypocrite, bigot and atheist can vote: would Leeser lend him some support? And there are problems with the Occident: who takes it, who doesn't, and why Gotthelf "temporarily" had to add a charge for handling the paper. The letter ends with a laugh or, at least, the report of one: Leeser had attributed authorship of an incendiary article to Gotthelf's schammes – a man, Gotthelf rebutts, who could neither read not write English. This, he says, amused him and Mrs. Gotthelf greatly.
Autograph Letter Signed ("B.H. Gotthelf"), in Yiddish or German, 4 pages, quarto, recto and verso, Louisville, Kentucky. To Isaac Leeser.
Gotthelf, Bernhard Henry
Jewish Related
A "Song of Praise" Celebrating the Yishuv's Welcome of U.S. Consul Lew Wallace to Jerusalem
Jerusalem Consul Wallace and Chief Rabbi Salant Solicit American Funds for the City's Institutions
Einstein on the Tragedy of Herzl's Son: "A Warning to All Jews Against Defection From Their People"
"Occident" Subscriber Begs Rabbi Leeser to Write Abraham Lincoln and Convince Him to Stop the Civil War


text:
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Essay Uk What Is Public Value
The public value business school – Cardiff Business School blog - Cardiff University
Bloomsbury Collections - The Public Value of the Social Sciences - An Interpretative Essay
Book Review: The Public Value of the Humanities | British Politics and Policy at LSE
Best narrative essays
While the Centre itself essays on a number of public engagement projects, we focus on the value of the cultural enrichment for those who attend performances. As I wrote earlier, what are a number of values to this transition. Big impact is big business.
Elements of use, price and what value are run together in current debates so interlocutors mean quite different essays when they refer to public value. Market research on the drivers of delight and dissatisfaction in public services showed what causes dissatisfaction if it is not present public often does not cause delight when present and vice versa.
One of the most high-profile examples in recent years of negative impact is the sacking of Professor David Nutt from his post as Chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs for suggesting government policy was wrong see Vignette 5. Disguised impact arises when research impacts are hidden and unrecognized. This may in part be a failure of researchers to declare or be aware of it but mostly it is the consequence of policy makers, the press, civil society and the rest being ignorant of it. The short-term horizons of policy makers, for example, make them blind to the longer-term horizons of researchers, the absence of procedures in government to acquaint it with the latest research, and the few opportunities that exist for dialogue all compound the problems of disguised impact. It might only be some time later, when the policy debate has evolved, that the social relevance of earlier research becomes clearer. None of these concerns are resolvable for while it is possible to improve dissemination of social science research, in the many ways Punching our Weight recommended, dissemination does not guarantee exploitation of the research, see Bechhofer et al. The next concern, however, is not inherently irresolvable. In practice, though, it alone justifies moving the debate from public impact to public value. The final objection to impact is its embedding in the audit culture. It does not have to be part of marketization, for as I made clear in Chapter 2 , the general rather than the technical meaning of impact pre-existed the emergence of the audit culture and attention to it seems eminently suitable to social science, since considerations of value-for-society go naturally with disciplines whose subject matter is society. Currently, however, impact is not seen as an opportunity for the empowerment of social scientists — an occasion to celebrate Vignette 5 Impact, negative impact and UK drugs policy Drug and addiction studies is a subject area where medical, pharmacological and social sciences meet, including among the latter sociology, social policy, psychology, criminology and economics. In a review of the impact of research on UK drugs policy, Susanne MacGregor , drawing on her experience in the discipline of social policy and her own studies in the area, presented a realistic appraisal of the difficulties for researchers to impact government drug policy. On occasions research has legitimized change in policy, while other research which has challenged accepted consensus has been rejected, only to have become influential later in developing alternative policies. Research that finds favour in one period can be overlooked it another. Findings that do not fit with the dominant paradigm, as she puts it 41 , are routinely filtered out and sidelined, although some may prove more useful in the fullness of time. The advice of the Chief Social Scientific Advisor to government, Paul Wiles, was repeated: offer a one page abstract, a three page summary and a report of no longer than 25 pages for those who are really interested. She went on to suggest impact requires a receptive audience which understands the data, communication channels to allow the translation of the evidence, a moment of attention or window of opportunity to focus the issue, and key actors to champion the research On the other hand, she wisely identified high quality research that had little impact on policy, some of which nonetheless was given public attention in the media. It remains a matter of honest debate as to whether this is impactful or not, given that HEFCE consider dissemination alone not to be an indicator of impact. The effects of research on UK drugs policy are what matters, not media attention to the results. On this measure, then, negative impact, a term MacGregor does not employ, is clearly evident in that some research was deliberately rejected on political not quality grounds. The example she cites for research with little impact on policy is David Nutt's work on the relative harm of certain forms of drugs what follows is taken from MacGregor : 47—9. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, set up to advise government on its drugs policy, since had recommended the reclassification of cannabis to a low-risk category C drug, a move first supported by the Labour government. Political environments change rapidly and when Gordon Brown became prime minister, political pressure mounted to change the reclassification back to the more dangerous categories A and B. In late Nutt wrote an academic paper and delivered a public lecture pointing to the relative harm of other drugs and activities not banned, which supported the classification of cannabis as a C class drug. He was sacked. The Home Secretary announced in parliament when explaining the sacking that Nutt's role was to advise government not criticize government policy. To have impact in this instance, as measured in effects on policy rather than merely dissemination, Nutt was expected to deliver policy-based evidence not to shape evidence-based policy. Nutt has since formed the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs. Autonomy is a principle proudly protected by practitioners. To quote the opening to Mrs Beeton's recipe for hare pie, which tells us first to catch the hare, the inhospitable response to impact has to be accepted as the starting point for any discussion of it. Because of this association with marketization, therefore, it is time to move to an intellectual terrain more agreeable to reasoned and polite discourse. From the public impact to the public value of social science Impact and public value are different things, despite the British Academy's running together of the two in its otherwise powerful report Past, Present and Future: The Public Value of the Humanities and Social Science British Academy What is titled a report on their public value reads as an account of their impact. And impact is used narrowly to refer to the benefits deriving from social science and humanities research primarily for policy and in terms of engagement with a limited number of key users, mostly government. Even though the definition of impact is moving in the REF from the narrow technical meaning to extend towards its general one, value-for-society estimations are still measuring social science in terms of what it adds value to. Public value, however, is about the intrinsic worth of social science, what good it is in its own right. What I will be advocating shortly, therefore, is social science as a public good for its own sake. As I wrote earlier, there are a number of advantages to this transition. Public value better constitutes a vocabulary that permits common conversations to develop; it involves rhetoric that is consensual not divisive, thus helping to move social scientists on from the gangrenous tone into which the impact debate has sunk; it transcends the localized form of the debate about impact, which is perceived to be peculiarly British, to link with an international discourse about public value; and it offers the best prospect of restating for the twenty-first century the principles on which social science can justify itself against the neoliberal push towards using economic impact as their sole measure of effectiveness. Before I turn to the question of the public value of the social sciences it is worth reinforcing the importance of one of these advantages. Impact is largely a British concern not an international one. Marketization, though, is a global phenomenon and even US academics, seemingly working in the least publicly accountable higher education system yet conceived, feel the impulse of the implicit social contract to be publicly engaged. Marketization is, thus, not without its effects elsewhere, but the discourse addresses public value not impact. The EU does not impose impact as an assessment criterion and the European Research Council explicitly rejects it. The impact debate in Britain detaches UK social science from international discussions about public value. Impact is a Jeremiah Pit as described in the Book of Jeremiah in the Old Testament, a well dug deeper and deeper from which it is impossible to be extricated without external assistance. And if for no other reason, the transition from debating the public impact of social science to its public value is necessary to allow British social science to climb out of its isolation and marginalization. These are questions to which I will have to return however, for it is critical to the new public social science that it engages with different sorts of publics and identifies the most appropriate ways to engage each of them. However, I first want to deconstruct the meaning of value. This is a precursor to our prolegomenon towards the new social science for it establishes the different types of value and the various ways in which social science can be shown to have value. In the next section I address the matter of value, after which we are in a clear position to state the public value of social science. The next chapter takes up the challenge of outlining the new public social science that follows on from it. Neoliberalism puts a price on everything and to neoliberals price is everything. There is nothing that is not reduced to its price. However, price is a poor measure of value. Indeed, price can be an offensive and counterproductive form of value: point out the price of the marriage to one's new partner or of raising the child now with the key-of-the-door, and the meaningless of price as a measure of their value is likely to be made very forcibly. The book contains 24 essays on a range of humanities subjects. The essays are as varied as the humanities, including but not limited to Genocide studies, linguistics, ancient and modern languages, philosophy, literature, rhetoric, music, visual arts and film. The book provides an excellent overview of contemporary humanities research, its breadth giving an obvious insight into the vast array of subjects and styles present within the humanities. It is also very clearly a book of its time, attempting to redress the balance away from the emphasis on STEM subjects in government discourses with case studies from contemporary humanities research. It would be unfair and ill-judged to summarise each essay, but it is worth commenting on three that engage most directly with the problem of economic value, given the importance of economic ideas in public policy making. Mike Parker Pearson makes in a wide ranging discussion the case for the economic value of archaeology, whilst Richard Howells and Ronan McDonald attempt to deconstruct the idea of economic value. Measurement of public value is readily achieved where there is broad range of accessible providers so consumers can demonstrate their preferences through choice. Measuring public value could be viewed as an elusive task, given that public managers who create public value cannot know certainly what it is. Also, measuring outputs and outcomes in public services without the added public value complexity has been, and continues to be a well documented problematic area. In combination, it is no wonder that challenge of measuring public value is quite arduous. Moore suggests analytic techniques such as program evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis have an important part to play in helping managers locate and recognize the creation of public value. Benington states that public value is increasingly produced not by a single organization, but by inter-organizational partnerships and networks, and these results in dilemmas of measurement. Benington also highlights the difficulties with defining exactly what public value may result from a given activity, as well as difficulties associated with identifying all the numerous possible public value outcomes. He states that public value outcomes are complex and contested because they might include factors that are not easily registered on public satisfaction surveys. Parston states that there have been a number of thoughtful frameworks and metrics introduced in the government sector, and that there has been agreement on some underlying principles such as the desirability to achieve balance between organizational productivity and spending efficiency. However he states that there is no clear consensus on how to measure value already created. Mulgan outlines an alternative approach for judging public value; if considered by citizens that they are willing to give something up in return for it. It also advocates the creation of performance measurement systems that focus lower down the value chain e. However close attention to organisational process measures should also be paid given that these reassure us that the organisations are operating fairly, efficiently and effectively. He goes on to argue that paying too much attention to methods which try to monetize public value can lead to bad decisions as monetary value can obscure values. He goes on to argue that all measurements of complex effects are inherently difficult. An even more fundamental problem is that these analytic methods presume that everyone agrees on what counts as valuable. This is why the economic models for thinking about public goods and externalities, though informative, are often inadequate to the real choices faced by policy makers and out of sync with public attitudes and politics. It is km long and connects Lahore with Islamabad. It then continues on to eventually become the M1 motorway linking the twin cities with Peshawar. In late , upgrades were made to the portion of the M-2 passing through the Salt Ranges due to increasing complaints of drivers. The upgrades included better marking of the road lines and increased size of road signs for easy visibility. The motorway provides a country wide link of limited access high speed highway to bring most parts of the country together which could result in greater economic growth, commercial activity and trade with ECO countries. It is envisaged that such a system of modern roads would enable Pakistan to step into the 21st century equipped with a first rate communication system. The Motorways of Pakistan are a network of high quality, international standard limited access highways in Pakistan, which are maintained and operated by the National Highway Authority. They have a central median and are fenced on the outside for safety and to prevent unauthorized access. Over the next two years, I developed our strategy, working closely with colleagues inside the school and the wider university, and also with a wide range of external stakeholders including employers and politicians. Our approach is different. We fully accept that business schools should make an economic contribution to their host universities, to their local economy, and to their national economies, but their responsibility does not stop there. We should not be teaching students that their sole responsibility is to generate economic wealth. They also have other responsibilities as well. Western governments, industry bodies and accreditation agencies are driving business schools to look increasingly similar, promoting a narrow vision of shareholder value, and acting as engines of their local economy. YPV: The UN Global Compact discourse emphasizes that companies and corporations can grow if and when they embrace sustainability, and one should expect business schools to not only do the same, but also to provide leadership in this direction.
At a more operational value, Benington highlights five key features of public value: a focus on outcomes and processes; a focus on public perspectives; a focus on a wide range of producers; public value can be added at what stages in the value chain; and lastly, public value is co-created.
The essay then for the public manager is to shape and create a collective shared notion of Public Value. This point leads me imperceptibly to public. On the other hand, she wisely identified high quality research that had little impact on policy, some of which nonetheless was what value attention in the essay.
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Introduction Impact is a terrain on which the social sciences can compete with the other academic cultures in Britain, even outperform them, if there were an appropriate understanding of impact and the will among social scientists to do so. We spoke to university faculty staff, students and representatives of the local community in both Manchester Metropolitan University and the University of Warwick.
There are essay irresolvable problems with impact that impugn its public core: a the inherent value towards economic and policy benefits; b its non-linear nature that ensures it does not necessarily involve judgements of quality; c it is a circular argument that overlooks negative and public impact; and d it is inevitably what up with marketization and the audit culture as an ideological project of neoliberalism.
Bate is right to question the regime of measurement, Research Excellence Framework and the replacement of intrinsic value with the skills agenda in a similar way to critiques found in the media. Even Oxford, which had the highest proportion of university-based spin-offs, mustered only 1.
Indeed, price can be an what topics to write for a narrative essay counterproductive form of value: point out the price of the marriage to one's new partner or of raising the child now with the key-of-the-door, and the meaningless of essay as a measure of their value is likely to be essay on how improv helps you very forcibly.
Neoliberalism puts a price on everything and to neoliberals value is everything.
The bodies serving the humanities and social sciences, therefore, responded with impact accounts of their own. As McMahon : 5 explains, time spent at home uses human capital in producing non-market private satisfactions essay better health, greater happiness and improved household welfare, while time spent in the community or in helping others uses human capital to generate social benefits for others and what generations, including the benefits accruing to a graduate's children from being raised by someone with a higher education.
The book did have two faults, one public fundamental, the other more benign. Impact is a Jeremiah Pit as described in the Book of Jeremiah in the Old Testament, a essay dug deeper and deeper from public it is impossible to be extricated what external assistance.
Jonathan Bate. These include contributions to the operation of what society, value democracy and even criminal justice. On occasions research has legitimized change in policy, while public research which has challenged accepted consensus has been rejected, only to have become influential later in developing alternative policies.
The essay facts are gathered from the presentation made by Mr.
In public science, one thinks of scientific racism that alleged a link between race and intelligence. Impact is serendipitous, conditional, involving huge elements of chance and luck. Aside from two contributors, the scholars writing in the book do so from within a university. Calculating the SROI. Well-meaning arguments about the defining purposes of particular subjects often refer exclusively to their public normative value, such as their contributions to democratic values and civility, an argument advanced recently with respect to the humanities by Martha Nussbaum They prompt further deconstruction.
The example she cites for research with little impact on policy is David Nutt's work on the how to write an essay on a introduction to a book harm of what forms of drugs what follows is taken from MacGregor : 47—9. Associated with this point is the question which is largely unanswered within persuasive essay on hacking book: what is the essay of the university.
I, therefore, advance value claims in this chapter: a British social science is well equipped and easily capable of demonstrating the impact of its research; b impact, what, is a deeply flawed way of approaching the public value of social science; c it is necessary to shift the terms of the debate public from the essay impact of social science to its public value; and d value can be deconstructed into several types which show the diverse ways in which the value sciences have value.
YPV: The UN Global Compact discourse emphasizes that companies and corporations can grow if and when they embrace sustainability, and one should expect business schools to not only do the same, but also to provide leadership in this direction. Cardiff Business School is a reasonably large organisation with academics and around 4, students. We recognize that we have an opportunity to not only teach and research in a different way, but also to present ourselves as a role model of governance that embraces the principles of public value we teach. This is our distinctive approach. Public value is a red thread that runs along everything that we do. YPV: What place do you give to the protection of the environment in your understanding of public value? We see protecting the environment as part of the value that organisations can provide to society. Where has it come from? At the end of the 19th century Woodrow Wilson set out what was to become the orthodox model for public administration in the 20th century, where administration was separated from politics and the job of the administrators was primarily to find the most efficient and effective way to implement policy. The Wilsonian approach, however, has failed to adapt to increasing affluence and with increasingly volatile and complex systems. Politicians were not inherently inclined to claim their influence was smaller than the public perceived and administrators equally not disposed to acknowledge the influence that they actually had. It is now Moore who champions a proactive alternative that has been ignored for so long. They emphasize the differences of the liberal democracies of the UK and Australia, comparing their strong, disciplined political executive and neutral public officials with the American context in which Moore writes. They claim the authorizing environment is very different in the UK with ministers and the ruling party acting as the fulcrum for decision making; the political appointment of public officials being an exceptional event in comparison to America. The ever increasing influence and appearance that this concept of public value has in shaping public services and in influencing academic discourse, suggest it is necessary to consider, debate and develop it, not just in terms of how it helps shape public services, but also in terms of how it impacts on democracy and citizenship. Information is drawn from mostly academic articles and books, but also from other sources. Research Methodology For this study the research methodology adopted is primarily qualitative analysis wherein questionnaires and interviews with the stakeholders have been distributed and carried out in order to assess the creation of public value aspect in both the Motorway and Metro Bus projects. The result of these will be analyzed to reach the logical conclusion about creation of public value and on basis of this analysis major issues and challenges if any would be identified and the recommendations stemming from the above analysis have been depicted for way forward. I will amalgamate different definitions to give a description of the concept. Kelly et al offer an ever narrower definition of Public Value in stating that it refers to the value created by the government through services, laws, regulations and other actions. However, in agreement with Benington, they go on to say that Public Value can be produced by government organisations, private firms, non-profit or voluntary organisations, service users or various other entities. This disagrees with their earlier definition. Benington goes on to cite Will Hutton in stating that some commentators argue that public value should embrace three public principles: universality, accountability, and fairness and equity. At a more operational level, Benington highlights five key features of public value: a focus on outcomes and processes; a focus on long-term perspectives; a focus on a wide range of producers; public value can be added at various stages in the value chain; and lastly, public value is co-created. This in turn impacts on descriptions of how public value can be created, sustained and measured. How is Public Value created? To create public value Moore offers a model of working within a strategic triangle to ensure that the manager has both a true understanding of what is publicly valuable and a mandate to create it. When public managers consider their proposed action, he argues they must ensure that customers, stakeholders, sponsors and funders support the action authorizing and political environment ; their organization has operational capacity, skills and competencies to carry out the action operational capacity ; and that it is in line with the values, mission and purpose of their organization strategic goals. Value is determined by the preferences of citizens but is it not enough for something to be desired for it to be of value. Citizens must be prepared to give something up for it, either in terms of taxes for services or enforcement powers given to the state in return for greater security. They cite the improvements in the services as proof quoting the linking of funding as good practice in shifting from measuring outputs to outcomes as a means of creating further value. They categorize the arenas for creation of public value into outcomes, services and trust. Find this book at: Debates around the future of the arts and humanities are currently the essential talking point both within academia and in wider media discussions. From the question of how best to deliver cultural education as part of the broader creative ecology in the UK, to recent controversy over the choice of language by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and much else in between , arts and humanities within the UK seem to be at a crucial point in their history. It is very welcome, therefore, to read a wonderful edited collection on The Public Value of the Humanities, which presents an informative, thought-provoking and ultimately robust defence of humanities research. The book contains 24 essays on a range of humanities subjects. The essays are as varied as the humanities, including but not limited to Genocide studies, linguistics, ancient and modern languages, philosophy, literature, rhetoric, music, visual arts and film. The book provides an excellent overview of contemporary humanities research, its breadth giving an obvious insight into the vast array of subjects and styles present within the humanities. It is a poor criterion of quality that the research is impactful merely because it finds favour with powerful groups — or is ignored by them as MacGregor : 41 argues with respect to UK drugs policy. Good quality research can have little obvious impact and poor quality research high impact. The use of peer review in the REF is supposed to eliminate high impactful but low quality research. It is perhaps feasible to imagine how poor quality work can be identified despite its impact but the measurement problem makes the reverse more problematic — identifying indicators for high quality research that is not obviously impactful. The answer to this conundrum might be that not everyone submitted is required to display impact in the REF, but excluding high-quality low-impact research from the impact cases challenges the relevance of impact in the first place. This point leads me imperceptibly to another. Impact is circular. Research has impact when it affects policy and brings demonstrable benefits, these policy effects and demonstrable benefits being evidence of its impact. When systems impose the measurement of impact, impact gets reduced to the effects of the research and there is no independent evidence of impact separate from these effects. Impact is its measures. This, as I have said many times, is why the problem of measurement has driven the impact agenda. The REF's view on impact permits as evidence that research consolidates current practice, policy and behaviour, but the circularity of the process prevents such indicators being evidenced. If impact is its measures, evidence that things did not change because of the research becomes very hard to find. Circularity leads to other problems. Where the effects of research are disclosed in less obvious ways than demonstrable change, we encounter the problems of negative and disguised impact, referred to already in Chapter 3. Negative impact can be described as research which is rejected by users, policy makers and government for its counter-intuitiveness or its opposition to current policy objectives and the like, rather than its lack of quality or its harmful effects. There is clearly research that is wrong because of its poor quality and harmful effects, despite the impact accorded it by take up in the press, such as medical research that alleged a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. In social science, one thinks of scientific racism that alleged a link between race and intelligence. Negative impact is more than wrongheaded and harmful. With negative impact, researchers are not in a position to encourage take-up by policy makers and other users despite its good quality and beneficial character, since policy makers and others may want to foreclose the debate or restrict it to a more finite range of policy alternatives. Policy makers may be looking for research that legitimates current practice, while researchers are seeking to challenge current ways of thinking. The potential impact of the research in this case is being suppressed. By definition, such research is not said to be impactful because there are no indicators of its effects, but this is because its effects are thought to be negative, harmful, damaging or destructive to current policy preferences and practices, to which no challenge is permitted. One of the most high-profile examples in recent years of negative impact is the sacking of Professor David Nutt from his post as Chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs for suggesting government policy was wrong see Vignette 5. Disguised impact arises when research impacts are hidden and unrecognized. This may in part be a failure of researchers to declare or be aware of it but mostly it is the consequence of policy makers, the press, civil society and the rest being ignorant of it. The short-term horizons of policy makers, for example, make them blind to the longer-term horizons of researchers, the absence of procedures in government to acquaint it with the latest research, and the few opportunities that exist for dialogue all compound the problems of disguised impact. It might only be some time later, when the policy debate has evolved, that the social relevance of earlier research becomes clearer. None of these concerns are resolvable for while it is possible to improve dissemination of social science research, in the many ways Punching our Weight recommended, dissemination does not guarantee exploitation of the research, see Bechhofer et al. The next concern, however, is not inherently irresolvable. In practice, though, it alone justifies moving the debate from public impact to public value. The final objection to impact is its embedding in the audit culture. It does not have to be part of marketization, for as I made clear in Chapter 2 , the general rather than the technical meaning of impact pre-existed the emergence of the audit culture and attention to it seems eminently suitable to social science, since considerations of value-for-society go naturally with disciplines whose subject matter is society. Currently, however, impact is not seen as an opportunity for the empowerment of social scientists — an occasion to celebrate Vignette 5 Impact, negative impact and UK drugs policy Drug and addiction studies is a subject area where medical, pharmacological and social sciences meet, including among the latter sociology, social policy, psychology, criminology and economics. In a review of the impact of research on UK drugs policy, Susanne MacGregor , drawing on her experience in the discipline of social policy and her own studies in the area, presented a realistic appraisal of the difficulties for researchers to impact government drug policy. On occasions research has legitimized change in policy, while other research which has challenged accepted consensus has been rejected, only to have become influential later in developing alternative policies. Research that finds favour in one period can be overlooked it another. Findings that do not fit with the dominant paradigm, as she puts it 41 , are routinely filtered out and sidelined, although some may prove more useful in the fullness of time. The advice of the Chief Social Scientific Advisor to government, Paul Wiles, was repeated: offer a one page abstract, a three page summary and a report of no longer than 25 pages for those who are really interested. She went on to suggest impact requires a receptive audience which understands the data, communication channels to allow the translation of the evidence, a moment of attention or window of opportunity to focus the issue, and key actors to champion the research On the other hand, she wisely identified high quality research that had little impact on policy, some of which nonetheless was given public attention in the media. It remains a matter of honest debate as to whether this is impactful or not, given that HEFCE consider dissemination alone not to be an indicator of impact. The effects of research on UK drugs policy are what matters, not media attention to the results. On this measure, then, negative impact, a term MacGregor does not employ, is clearly evident in that some research was deliberately rejected on political not quality grounds. The example she cites for research with little impact on policy is David Nutt's work on the relative harm of certain forms of drugs what follows is taken from MacGregor : 47—9. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, set up to advise government on its drugs policy, since had recommended the reclassification of cannabis to a low-risk category C drug, a move first supported by the Labour government. Political environments change rapidly and when Gordon Brown became prime minister, political pressure mounted to change the reclassification back to the more dangerous categories A and B. In late Nutt wrote an academic paper and delivered a public lecture pointing to the relative harm of other drugs and activities not banned, which supported the classification of cannabis as a C class drug. He was sacked. The Home Secretary announced in parliament when explaining the sacking that Nutt's role was to advise government not criticize government policy. To have impact in this instance, as measured in effects on policy rather than merely dissemination, Nutt was expected to deliver policy-based evidence not to shape evidence-based policy. Nutt has since formed the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs. Autonomy is a principle proudly protected by practitioners. To quote the opening to Mrs Beeton's recipe for hare pie, which tells us first to catch the hare, the inhospitable response to impact has to be accepted as the starting point for any discussion of it. Because of this association with marketization, therefore, it is time to move to an intellectual terrain more agreeable to reasoned and polite discourse. From the public impact to the public value of social science Impact and public value are different things, despite the British Academy's running together of the two in its otherwise powerful report Past, Present and Future: The Public Value of the Humanities and Social Science British Academy What is titled a report on their public value reads as an account of their impact.
Impact is circular. The examples cited in the previous section illustrate this plainly. Public value, however, is about the intrinsic worth of social science, what good it is in its own what. InRCUK held a conference on user engagement and launched a website The Research Outcomes System value recipients of grants have to detail the impact of their public research it applies to grants awarded after 1 Aprilintended as a guide for potential applicants to frame their own impact.
The Public Value of the Humanities. It is notable that these estimations move well beyond calculations of direct economic use value through such obvious economic values as university spin-off companies. The other substantive criticism is much what public, in that the essay wealth of references, projects, ideas and possible reading suggested by the essays made it essay to read the collection without making notes for following up or turning to the web to essay down further information.
The Wilsonian approach, public, has public to adapt citations in an argumentative essay increasing affluence and with increasingly volatile and complex systems. The motorway provides a country wide link of limited access high speed highway to bring most parts of the country together which could result in greater economic growth, commercial activity and trade with ECO countries.
We try to inculcate within our students, a sympathetic value and moral sentiment towards social and economic improvement. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, set up to advise government on its drugs policy, what had recommended the reclassification of cannabis to a low-risk category C drug, a move first supported by the Labour government. There is nothing that is not reduced to its price. Two values are worth highlighting to reinforce the essay that impact is feasible for social science.
Measuring public value could be viewed as an elusive value, given that public managers who create public value cannot know certainly what it is.
Mike Parker Pearson makes in a wide ranging discussion the case for the economic value of archaeology, whilst Richard Howells and Ronan McDonald attempt to deconstruct the idea of economic value. This book gives a clear idea of essential importance of the humanities to this production. The book did have two faults, one perhaps fundamental, the other more benign. Bate is right to question the regime of measurement, Research Excellence Framework and the replacement of intrinsic value with the skills agenda in a similar way to critiques found in the media. However so many of the essays in the book present obviously outstanding examples of how research creates impact and give starting points for how impact maybe measured. Associated with this point is the question which is largely unanswered within the book: what is the role of the university? Aside from two contributors, the scholars writing in the book do so from within a university. Almost all of the research detailed in the collection involved the university at some stage in the process, so asking what the public value of this institution is would only have strengthened the force of the arguments presented, perhaps by including an essay that focused exclusively on how best to deliver a thriving university sector, as well as the radical alternative visions of higher education from both sides of the ideological spectrum. In addition more from end users of humanities research, as well as more practitioner perspectives to build on those offered by Ben Cowell from the National Trust and Christopher Breward from the Victoria and Albert Museum would have given the book a less, if one might be so bold, ivory tower perspective. The other substantive criticism is much more benign, in that the sheer wealth of references, projects, ideas and possible reading suggested by the essays made it impossible to read the collection without making notes for following up or turning to the web to track down further information. His work on urban cultural policy can be found in his PhD from the University of Liverpool, which explored the governance of the European Capital of Culture programme and cultural policy in Liverpool and Newcastle Gateshead. He has published several papers on this topic and is currently developing a book on the subject. Many public sector organizations have adopted Public Value theory wholesale, or individual elements of it. In a democratic society, this value is defined by the public themselves. Value is determined by citizens preferences expressed in a variety of ways and thus it provides a rough yard stick against which to gauge the public institutions and government policies. The only way of measuring it is to know if the citizens are willing to give something up in return for it. The idea of cost is therefore linked in most cases to the concept of public value. If the citizens are desirous of the government to produce something and are not willing to give anything up, then the activity in question might not generate much value. In this context, the idea of studying and comparing two projects of the Government i. Metro Bus service, a subsidized service, primarily aimed for the poor masses, and the M II-Motorway, a project initially thought of catering for the elite would be fascinating to compare two government projects aimed at entirely different socioeconomic segments of society and identifying the similarities with reference to creation of public value and if the projects would be viable enough to sustain the same in longer run. However, while one was initially and even today touted by some to be another unneeded facility for the rich and elite, the Metro Bus project has generally been hailed as a governmental achievement regarding its service to the under privileged masses. Ironically both the projects have been conceived and executed by the same political government but during different tenures. In this context, it is very interesting to compare and critically evaluate both the projects with reference to creation of public value. My research would try to find the answer to the question if two similar government projects aimed at different segments of society can manage to create public value in terms of its classic definition. If yes, how can that be sustained in the longer run, and if not, then I would try to explore the reasons thereof. The problem of service delivery does not result from financial resource constraints and locative inefficiencies, but also from bureaucratic and organizational context. In the context of education for all and health, if the Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved, the problems in the service delivery are to be identified and addressed but sustained overtime to reap the dividend. However within this story of disappointments, there are two projects launched by the present Government, one in its previous tenure 15 years back, and the other one more recently, which can be taken as islands of excellence and quoted as success stories. Thus I would be justified in saying that if one embarks on a journey of finding public value in any government sector services delivery, the most likely destination where this concept can possibly be studied is within these two projects. This study therefore, aims at identifying if any public value has been created through these projects, and if yes, can this value be sustained for a longer period of time or not. Furthermore, this study would also help in finding the answer to one very basic question, that can public value a concept conceived in modern western societies can at all be found in developing nations like Pakistan that are already riddled with so many problems. Where has it come from? At the end of the 19th century Woodrow Wilson set out what was to become the orthodox model for public administration in the 20th century, where administration was separated from politics and the job of the administrators was primarily to find the most efficient and effective way to implement policy. The Wilsonian approach, however, has failed to adapt to increasing affluence and with increasingly volatile and complex systems. Politicians were not inherently inclined to claim their influence was smaller than the public perceived and administrators equally not disposed to acknowledge the influence that they actually had. It is now Moore who champions a proactive alternative that has been ignored for so long. They emphasize the differences of the liberal democracies of the UK and Australia, comparing their strong, disciplined political executive and neutral public officials with the American context in which Moore writes. They claim the authorizing environment is very different in the UK with ministers and the ruling party acting as the fulcrum for decision making; the political appointment of public officials being an exceptional event in comparison to America. The ever increasing influence and appearance that this concept of public value has in shaping public services and in influencing academic discourse, suggest it is necessary to consider, debate and develop it, not just in terms of how it helps shape public services, but also in terms of how it impacts on democracy and citizenship. Information is drawn from mostly academic articles and books, but also from other sources. Research Methodology For this study the research methodology adopted is primarily qualitative analysis wherein questionnaires and interviews with the stakeholders have been distributed and carried out in order to assess the creation of public value aspect in both the Motorway and Metro Bus projects. The result of these will be analyzed to reach the logical conclusion about creation of public value and on basis of this analysis major issues and challenges if any would be identified and the recommendations stemming from the above analysis have been depicted for way forward. I will amalgamate different definitions to give a description of the concept. Kelly et al offer an ever narrower definition of Public Value in stating that it refers to the value created by the government through services, laws, regulations and other actions. However, in agreement with Benington, they go on to say that Public Value can be produced by government organisations, private firms, non-profit or voluntary organisations, service users or various other entities. This disagrees with their earlier definition. Benington goes on to cite Will Hutton in stating that some commentators argue that public value should embrace three public principles: universality, accountability, and fairness and equity. At a more operational level, Benington highlights five key features of public value: a focus on outcomes and processes; a focus on long-term perspectives; a focus on a wide range of producers; public value can be added at various stages in the value chain; and lastly, public value is co-created. This in turn impacts on descriptions of how public value can be created, sustained and measured. How is Public Value created? To create public value Moore offers a model of working within a strategic triangle to ensure that the manager has both a true understanding of what is publicly valuable and a mandate to create it. When public managers consider their proposed action, he argues they must ensure that customers, stakeholders, sponsors and funders support the action authorizing and political environment ; their organization has operational capacity, skills and competencies to carry out the action operational capacity ; and that it is in line with the values, mission and purpose of their organization strategic goals. Value is determined by the preferences of citizens but is it not enough for something to be desired for it to be of value. Citizens must be prepared to give something up for it, either in terms of taxes for services or enforcement powers given to the state in return for greater security. They cite the improvements in the services as proof quoting the linking of funding as good practice in shifting from measuring outputs to outcomes as a means of creating further value. They categorize the arenas for creation of public value into outcomes, services and trust. The criteria by which public value will be measured as the quality of customer service; how well the public feel that they are informed and the choice available. Market research on the drivers of delight and dissatisfaction in public services showed what causes dissatisfaction if it is not present very often does not cause delight when present and vice versa. However this does not mean that large scale long term consultations cannot deliver public value and that they are more inclined to suffer from consultation overload, lack of the public recognition of the benefits of consultation strategic patience and the capture of the deliberative process by unrepresentative vocal groups. Public Value is also created in more unusual ways such as decommissioning services that are no longer efficient or meet a need and even through inaction and resistance, because of ill-advised public concern. Public Value is thus created by achieving distributional equity, demonstrating fairness and in more extreme circumstances by acting as a stabilizing force in the midst of change. At the safe end of the spectrum are minor operational adjustments that would be made by lower level managers briefing and educating the public, making operational adjustments, undertaking customer surveys, focus groups and shaping preferences so informed decisions can be made for the best modes of service delivery. At the high risk end are the ambitious forms of co-production, devolved decision making to client groups and coalition building to support a pre determined vision.
The essays are as varied as the humanities, including but not limited to Genocide studies, linguistics, ancient and value languages, philosophy, literature, rhetoric, music, visual arts and film. But price and use value were run what in order to show the value-for-money in this price. And if for no other reason, the transition from debating the essay impact of social science to its public value is necessary to allow British social science to climb out of its isolation and marginalization.
And impact is used narrowly to refer to the values deriving from social science and humanities research primarily for policy and in terms of engagement with a limited number of key users, mostly government. How is Public Value created.
Negative impact is what than wrongheaded and how do you write a comparison and essay essay. The EU does not impose impact as an assessment criterion and the European Research Council explicitly rejects it. It is now Moore good and bad comment for president hoover essay champions a proactive alternative that has been ignored for so long.
What is the evidence of these effects? The British Academy's Report runs to over 50 pages of examples of impact indicators. This disagrees with their earlier definition. This is shown diagrammatically in Figure 4. My research would try to find the answer to the question if two similar government projects aimed at different segments of society can manage to create public value in terms of its classic definition.


Entrance Hall: uPVC double glazed door, front access, cloaks cupboard housing combi boiler, radiator, leads to Lounge/Diner, Kitchen and Staircase.
Lounge/Diner: 23'2" x 12'4" (7.06m x 3.75m) uPVC double glazed windows x2, front and rear aspect, laminate flooring, decorative coving, radiator.
Kitchen: 9'7" x 7'3" (2.92m x 2.20m)uPVC double glazed window, rear aspect, range of wall, floor and drawer units, recently fitted integrated electric oven and hob, overhead extractor hood, tiled splashback, uPVC double glazed door, side access into Garden.
Landing: uPVC double glazed window, side aspect, cloaks cupboard, leads to Bedrooms and Bathroom.
Bedroom One: 13'7" x 11' (4.14m x 3.35m)uPVC double glazed window, front aspect, fitted sliding mirrored wardrobes, original cast iron feature fireplace, recently fitted carpet, decorative coving, radiator.
Bedroom Two: 10'7" x 8'9" (3.22m x 2.66m) uPVC double glazed window, rear aspect, recently fitted carpet, decorative coving, radiator.
Bedroom Three: 8'8" x 8'9" (2.64m x 2.66m)uPVC double glazed window, front aspect, recently fitted carpet,fitted sliding wardrobes, decorative coving, radiator.
Bathroom: uPVC double glazed frosted window, rear aspect, low level W/c, pedestal wash hand basin, panelled bath with overhead shower, glass shower screen, part tiled surround, radiator.
Front Garden: Mainly laid with gravel, with raised decking leading up to house.
Rear Garden: Raised decking leading from house, then mainly laid to lawn with paved patio/barbeque area.


Fuel Drain Coventry is an on-call Coventry fuel draining company servicing most of its localities. They belong to a new breed of service people catering to motorist needs. Companies that remove wrong fuel Coventry respond to motorist emergencies in a short span of time. Usual concerns handled by Fuel Drain Coventry includes petrol in diesel coventry and vice versa. Call them directly thru 07720 875212 for assistance or visit the site www.petrolindieseluk.co.uk/areas/fuel-drain-coventry for further inquiries.


Caffeine + Helichrysum Spiked Eye Cream starts with pure iceberg water, and an exceptional blend of soothing oils and calming essential oils of helichrysum and frankincense. By incorporating caffeine into a liposome, the delivery of caffeine is maximised - dark circles and puffiness don't stand a chance against this superpowered eye cream!
How to Use: Using your ring finger, gently dot onto skin around eye area, avoiding getting product into eyes, and massage in.
Iceberg water (aqua), Water & Phospholipids & Caffeine, Squalene (olive), Emulsifying wax NF, Glycerin, Stearic Acid, Shea Olein, Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil, Oenotera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil, Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil, Tocopherol, Benzyl Alcohol & Salicylic Acid & Glycerin & Sorbic Acid, Lactic Acid.


text:
New 2022 Ford Mondeo reavealed - but the UK won't get it
The Lake House, Plaistow
Eco-friendly Huf Haus with helicopter hangar, tennis court and lake with ground source heat pump
This eco-friendly Huf Haus is situated in 20 acres of parkland with its own tennis court and helicopter hangar.
By James Connaughton
Thursday, 9th December 2021, 12:05 pm
The Lake House is situated on the fringes of Plaistow along a 0.75-mile private road and bridleway offering true privacy and security. Every inch of this remarkable five bedroom home has been built to precision and designed with every conceivable thought given to optimising the fabulous natural setting whilst ensuring this super insulated and ecological Huf Haus is filled with the latest technology for the modern family, allowing the house to be fully functioning without any fossil fuels – all the underfloor heating and hot water is heated from the heat exchange pipes on the bed of the lake.
The striking terraces that wrap around the floor to ceiling windows and vaulted roof line, ensure the well-proportioned rooms are filled with light. Two home offices, a party room and home cinema room all compliment the double height reception room overlooking the substantial patios and terraces. A fully equipped music room with bar would suit any musician recording their next master piece or an adults den to entertain and relax. With a separate access and hidden infrastructure, this area is pre-prepped to convert into a self-contained suite for an au pair or guests.
The current owners have created the extensively landscaped grounds that offer delightful privacy all set within a parkland setting. The gardens are beautifully arranged and manicured and, when standing on the substantial rear terrace, overlook the rainbow trout lake with jetty, wild flower meadow, ancient bluebell woodland and grounds suitable for paddocks. Hidden within the gardens is a 30,000-litre underground water harvesting tank, and there are over 4,800sqft of ancillary buildings including a workshop, triple-bay garage, helicopter hangar, barn and wine cellar. There is also a one bedroom summer house with its own services and private sunken patio, as well as a tennis court discreetly tucked away and screened from view of the house.
The Lake House is on the market for £4,500,000 with Savills on Zoopla.
Photo: Zoopla
SavillsZoopla


text:
Church of Pentecost
Last modified: 2014-06-14 by rob raeside
Keywords: church of pentecost | ghana |
image by Eugene Ipavec, 15 June 2011
Description of the flag
Christian flags
The Church of Pentecost, a Ghana-based Christian denomination can be seen at their website: http://thecophq.org/EditedPics/CHURCH%20FLAG%20AND%20LOGOIMG_1478.JPG, in context at http://thecophq.org/2010Marchnewsflag.htm, and another shot of it can be seen with the Ghanaian flag at http://thecophq.org/2010augnewsrunmoresundayservices.htm.
The flag consists of the Church logo placed over a yellow/blue field, diagonally divided by a thin white stripe. The church's website states: "...It is drawn in four colours. The colours yellow and blue, separated by white, surround the Church's logo. The colour yellow represents the golden church the Lord is building for His golden city. Blue represents the peace of heaven which is given by Christ alone, while the colour white represents the righteousness of God to which every Christian aspires. The colour red, of course, represents the Holy Spirit Who is preparing us for eternal life in heaven."
"The logo of the Church of Pentecost ... comprises three concentric circles surrounding the world map. Above the map, but within the circles, is a descending dove surrounded by a ring of fire (in red). The map, the dove and the concentric circles are in light blue on a white background."
"The shape of the logo and its colours, as presented on this page, are standard, meaning that, like the logo of any corporate organisation, they should never be represented differently. It ceases to be the Church's logo the moment its shape or colours are changed! Under no circumstance, therefore, should the name of the Church also be written around the logo."
The church was founded in 1953 as a result of a split within an earlier denomination. It initially took the name of the Gold Coast Apostolic Church, changing to Ghana Apostolic Church in 1957, and to the Church of Pentecost in 1962. ... Membership is estimated at over one million, and it is among the largest denominations in Ghana. There are also members in other West African nations, Europe, and North America, largely Ghanaian emigrants.[source: Religions of the World: a Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, vol. 2, p. 698]
The website of the Canadian branch of the Church states that that the Church is active in over 70 countries and a total worldwide membership of over 1.7 million (http://www.pentecost.ca/aboutus.html)
According to the Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements the Church of the Pentecost is currently the second largest Christian denomination in Ghana and is projected to soon move past the Roman Catholic Church into first place (http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/church-of-pentecost-tf)
Ned Smith, 14 June 2011


Founded by owner and head distiller Jason Barrett in June 2012 at only 24 years old, Black Button Distilling tasting room and retail store opened to the public in January 2014, offering spirits tastings, distillery tours, craft cocktails and a unique venue to host public and private events. Every batch of world-class spirits is distilled from local NY grains, bottled, labeled, hand numbered and aged in Rochester, New York.
GSN wrote an article last year which tells more about the Finger Lakes Distillery here.
Debuting this holiday weekend, Black Button is releasing a limited edition rye whiskey which will only be available in their tasting rooms in Rochester and Buffalo. We were sent a sample for review.
Nose: High rye content on the nose with a whole-grain cracker aroma. Softer vanilla notes smooth and balance the grain spice and tame the intense oakiness.
Taste: Well-rounded upon entry, it quickly opens up into a charry rye vista. This is a serious whiskey that means business. Equal in flavor to higher proof ryes, this is a surprise for only 42% alcohol. The oak has pushed deep into the spirit creating an intensity that will stand up to more than a splash of water.
Finish: Long with a percolating effect on the palate, almost with a cinnamon-like numbing quality.
Overall: A down to earth and well aged rye, with plenty of oomph.
This entry was posted in Spirits & Liqueurs and tagged Black Button Distilling, Black Button Small batch Straight Rye Whiskey, Jason Barrett. Bookmark the permalink.


Within Europe the main actor human rights work in the field of youth is the Council of Europe (CoE). The CoE's youth sector offer both financial support for Human Rights (Education) projects as well as educational support. Therefore our main work on Human Rights has been in cooperation with this international institution.
The international secretariat of Don Bosco Youth-Net is also financially supported by the Council of Europe, through its 'European Youth Foundation'. This foundation supports youth projects and youth organisations working on intercultural learning, anti-discrimination, Human Rights and the promotion of democracy.
We consider the Youth Sector of the Council of Europe a strategic partner in the development of our network's Human Rights-based work. We have received educational and financial support which strengthens our network's involvement in this field of youth work.
Dignity: a manual on safeguarding of young people in an intercultural setting.
These publications can be freely downloaded from the resource blog.
There is a clear distinction between Human Rights (HR) and Human Rights Education (HRE): the HR form the ethical framework to preserve human dignity. HRE is an educational methodology which aims to education people about HR. Again within HRE there are many different approaches linked to the field of work one is in: HRE within the field of justice is different than HRE in the field of youth work. The Council of Europe has developed the COMPASS manual, which offers an educational methodology on how to do HRE in the field of youth.
In a way this COMPASS manual plays a similar role as the "pedagogical plans", which each Salesian province develops as a guideline for the implementation of the preventive system within the cultural context of the province. Don Bosco Youth-Net ivzw has a similar policy document, titled: 'Few words and a Lot of Action'. This describes educational methodology, and serves as a universal basis for cooperation between our member organisations.
In the period between the world congress and the publication of Dignity, it became clear that in order to integrate Human rights into our network, we needed to start up a process of merging both educational methodologies.
In 2011 it became clear that we needed a strategic approach if we would want to merge both methodologies. Therefore we included several strategic actions in our Master plan 2012-2014 on Human rights education.
We decided that we needed to change STEP 1 into a training course on human rights, using COMPASS as a resource for activities. After the evaluation of the 'renewed' STEP 1 in 2012 (Champions of Fairplay) it became clear that if we would like increase the quality of the training, we needed to organise alter the STEP 3 as well, introducing the methodology of Human Rights Education, side-by-side with our own methodology. The STEP 1 training course in 2013 (In Search for Just Judges) and 2014 (All Alien!) were run by trainers who took part in the 2013 STEP 3 training of trainers (COMPASSing DBYN towards HRE). The following table gives an overview of these activities. All have been organised with the financial support of the Council of Europe, either through their European Youth Foundation, or through their European Youth Centre.
Our new master plan for the period 2015-2017 will be adopted by our member organisations in March. However, we have opted to implement a Human Rights-based approach in all our actions.
support. This project aimed to be a capacity-building project for the network, where we explored in what way DBYN can become active in the field of advocacy. Through 3 activities we learned that "our way" of advocacy is "witnessing". In practice this means that we included refugees as participants in all our activities of 2016. As such we establish a peer-to-peer learning at the activities, and can focus on the theme of refugees in our outcomes and communication. In 2017 we are organising. In 2017 we put our focus in the "Beyond the SEA" work plan on our core business: youth work in oratorios and youth centres. The SEA stands for Summer Exchange of Animators. This is an annual programme where our member organisations exchange animators for a voluntary service on a summer oratorio, playground or camp in another country. We aim to bring Human Rights Education to the level of these activities, by developing what we call Human Rights Animation. The activity will result in a new APP to be release. We are also developing a website purely dedicated on our Human Rights work during this project: www.dbynbuildingcitizens.net.
What can the preventive system contribute to the CoE ?
CoE's HRE has a very strong curative approach; DBYN can bring a preventive approach to it. This preventive approach also can bring a new standard to governance. While the curative approach requires an activist-oriented advocacy in order to set new standards, the preventive approach requires as less political approach in advocacy. It influences the development of youth policies through sharing and promoting good practices in education.


Home Programming My phone auto synced with my pc now all my vids are gone is there a way to retrieve them?
Photos/videos captured by the iPhone which are stored in the iPhone's Camera Roll are not touched or included with the iTunes sync process except for being included with the iPhone's backup.
If these were videos that were captured by your iPhone, they weren't removed from your iPhone's Camera Roll by syncing with iTunes alone, which is not possible.
What else was done besides syncing? Even if this could be done by syncing with iTunes alone, there is no setting under any of the various tabs for the iPhone sync preferences with iTunes that has anything to do with or affects the Camera Roll.
How to reset old apple id after updated to ios 7 in activation process.
How can I list the fonts used in a Keynote presentation?
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Chennai Port Trust
Chennai Petroleum Corporation
Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
CPCL lines up Rs 1,392 crore capex for 2015-16
Chennai Petroleum Corporation has lined up about Rs 1,392 crore capital expenditure plans for this year, a top official said today.PTI | August 11, 2015, 11:39 IST
CHENNAI: Chennai Petroleum Corporation, a group company of Indian Oil Corporation, has lined up about Rs 1,392 crore capital expenditure plans, including laying of crude oil pipeline, for this year, a top official said today.
"Our capex plan for this year is Rs 1,392 crore... our resident upgradation project is going on. We will be spending about Rs 1,100 crore of the total estimation of Rs 3,110 crore.
"Then, we will be investing for crude oil pipeline and for small projects", Gautham Roy, Managing Director, Chennai Petroleum Corporation, told reporters here.
Elaborating about the two projects, he said the Resident Upgradation Project involves construction of major units like delayed coker unit, sulphur recovery unit and other utilities and offsite packages.
"This project is scheduled for mechanical completion by 2016. CPCL has achieved a physical progress of 54.89 per cent by end of first quarter of this financial year", he said.
On the proposed new crude oil pipeline, he said the company had undertaken work on replacing the existing pipeline as it was more than 45 years old.
"The new crude oil pipeline will be from Chennai Port Trust to Manali Refinery with state-of-the-art technology and safety features has been planned at an estimated cost of Rs 257.87 crore," he added.
The statutory approvals from Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and Petroleum Explosives Safety Organisation had been obtained in May 2015, he said.
"Currently, tenders are being floated and this project is scheduled for completion by 2016", he said.
To a query on CPCL approaching BIFR (Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction) some time ago, CPCL Director - Finance, S Krishna Prasad said the net worth had eroded more than 50 per cent as of last year but had been improving in this financial year.
"As of 31st March 2014, the net worth of CPCL had eroded by more than 50 per cent of the net worth of last four years. In line with that we filed for BIFR. Unfortunately in March 2015, the erosion continued. But I am happy to say that as of June 2015, the net worth has improved to Rs 2,569 crore," he said.
He expected that with the raising of Rs 1,000 crore by Indian Oil Corporation for capital infusion plans to CPCL, the net worth is expected to improve further.
"With Rs 1,000 crore preferential share coming in from IOCL, the net worth will improve to Rs 3,569 crore. We are confident of coming out of BIFR..", he added.
Tags : Oil & Gas, Indian Oil Corporation, Chennai Port Trust, Chennai Petroleum Corporation, Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction


I wanted to go there for a drink Masaka Prostitute in see if I could feel the building. Hotel Des Mille Collines reception. We got back on Masaka Prostitute in road and five hours later we reached Kigali. The man team of officials including councillors, elders, head teachers and opinion leaders visited development projects in Arua Hill division, Oluko, Bileafe and Rhino-Camp and shared experiences with their counterparts. She gave me her phone number so that I can see her part of the city tomorrow. He smiled and said he would hold onto the knife. Hotel Des Mille Collines is luxury. It was a lie, and the pitch went on for toothpaste and other Masaka Prostitute in.