The Emergency Plan for the Town of Deseronto has been developed to reflect the public safety requirements of our community. Together we work to ensure that our community is prepared to respond to an emergency in the most effective manner possible. The Aim of this plan is to protect the health, safety, welfare and property of the citizens of Deseronto, from the effects of a natural, technological or human caused emergency. Deseronto updates its Emergency Response Plan on an annual basis, so that it reflects the procedures that would work best in managing any emergency arising in the Town of Deseronto.
For further inquiries, please contact the Deseronto Town Hall.
The "Get Prepared" campaign encourages Canadians to be prepared to cope on their own for at least the first 72 hours of an emergency, enabling first responders to focus on those in urgent need. Stay safe on the go with our new mobile website.
Visit www.getprepared.ca for key steps to take during an emergency such as an earthquake, severe storm, flood, and more.
For the latest information on emergencies affecting Ontarians visit Emergency Management Ontario. Users can subscribe to receive email notifications regarding emergencies.
In Ontario, each of us is responsible for our own safety and survival during the first 72 hours of an emergency. The responsibility of caring for pets ultimately rests on the owner, including during an emergency. It's important to develop and create a 72 hour Pet Emergency Survival Kit, much like we would for ourselves and our families.


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Help improve policing and public safety through data science—the fastest-growing field in criminology. Become a power user of premiere professional software and tools, and work with expert AU faculty in criminology, law, and statistics. Students learn research design, quantitative analysis, and how powerful statistical techniques can inform solutions. Program graduates work in cybersecurity, law enforcement, homeland security, and counterterrorism.
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Train to become an effective advocate for our planet and help address such issues as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. You'll begin by taking foundational courses in both natural and social sciences, then choose a course of study suited to your interests and goals. Pursue research opportunities with faculty or one of the many prestigious environmental institutions nearby.
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Do you want to be a public affairs decision-maker? CLEG (Communications, Legal Institutions, Economics, and Government) is your training ground. This program is designed to give you the breadth of background necessary in these four disciplines to participate effectively in decision making in the public arena, especially the practical training necessary to deal with social problems as public issues.
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Nyx. 5012: Henri Fautin-Latour 1836-1904: Night 1897. Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
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Year : 2016 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 45 | Page : 9--12
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Myrcia amazonica DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves
Mariana Cristina de Morais Rodrigues1, Leonardo Luiz Borges1, Frederico Severino Martins2, Rosa Helena V Mourão3, Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição1,
1 Laboratory of PD&I of Bioproducts, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
3 Laboratory of Bioprospecting and experimental Biology, Department of Natural Resources of Amazônia, Federal University of Oeste do Pará, Santarém - PA, Brazil
Mariana Cristina de Morais Rodrigues
Laboratório de PD and de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001-970 Praça Universitária, N° 1166 Setor Universitário Goiânia, GO
Background: Myrcia amazonica. DC is a species predominantly found in northern Brazil, and belongs to the Myrtaceae family, which possess various species used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, infectious diseases, and hemorrhagic conditions and are known for their essential oil contents. Materials and Methods: This study aimed applied the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of total polyphenols, total tannins (TT), and total flavonoids (TF) from M. amazonica DC. Results: The results indicated that the best conditions to obtain highest yields of TT were in lower levels of alcohol degree (65%), time (15 min), and also solid: Liquid ratio (solid to liquid ratio; 20 mg: 5 mL). The TF could be extracted with high amounts with higher extraction times (45 min), lower values of solid: Liquid ratio (20 mg: mL), and intermediate alcohol degree level. Conclusion: The exploitation of the natural plant resources present very important impact for the economic development, and also the valorization of great Brazilian biodiversity. The knowledge obtained from this work should be useful to further exploit and apply this raw material.
de Morais Rodrigues MC, Borges LL, Martins FS, Mourão RV, da Conceição EC. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Myrcia amazonica DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves.Phcog Mag 2016;12:9-12
de Morais Rodrigues MC, Borges LL, Martins FS, Mourão RV, da Conceição EC. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Myrcia amazonica DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves. Phcog Mag [serial online] 2016 [cited 2022 Jan 20 ];12:9-12
Available from: http://www.phcog.com/text.asp?2016/12/45/9/175997
Myrcia amazonica leaves possess phenolic compounds with biological applications;Lower levels of ethanolic strength are more suitable to obtain a igher levels of phenolic compouds such as tannins;Box-Behnken design indicates to be useful to explore the best conditions of ultrasound assisted extraction.
The Myrtaceae is a family constituted by 130 genera and 5700 species, it is very common in Brazil, and several of its species can be found in the Amazon region. The Myrcia genus, with 374 species occurs mainly in the Central America to Northern Argentina. [1] The species of the Myrtaceae family are popularly known for having woody aspect, however, the Brazilian generally do not produce valuable timber, restricting themselves to providing firewood for use in small parts or objects and other forms of local use. [2] In Brazil, the largest use of plants in this family is related to their fruits, they are usually marketed and known to possess very characteristic aroma and flavor (e.g., guava, Psidium guajava L., Jabuticabeira, Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, Surinam cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.). [3],[4] This family has a diversity of species with medicinal properties already confirmed such as the works diuretic action, anti-hemorrhagic, astringent, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive among others. [5]
Secondary metabolites are directly related to the development, protection, and dissemination of the plant, as a result, these compounds play a series of therapeutic activities to the human body. Among the secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are substances that present an important role in protection against pathogens and predators, these compounds are very diverse and can be divided into several classes (including the flavonoids [Fv], and condensed and hydrolysable tannins). [6] Several Fv has antioxidant activity and has a high redox potential, thus they can reduce the free radicals that can be harmful and also has a great potential for chelating metals. [7] The main class of tannins are hydrolysable and condensed being that the former are derived from a gallic acid, [8] they precipitate with proteins, anti-oxidants are also its antimicrobial power has been much studies in recent times and agents. [9]
The Myrtaceae family is characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds (mainly Fv and tannins) and essential oils. [4],[10]
The evaluation of the influence of several factors simultaneously must be necessary to find optimum conditions in several processes. Thus, currently several statistical models have been employed to solve this problem, among them the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM), allow for the studies on factors and its multiple interactions. [11],[12]
Myrcia amazonica DC. is a species predominantly found in northern Brazil, and there are few studies in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to perform an optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds, Fv, and tannins in leaves of Myrcia amazoncia DC. employing ultrasound-assisted extraction.
Leaves of native specimens of M. amazonica DC., Myrtaceae, were collected in Santarém, Pará, Brazil (02°30.464' S; 054°50.931' W). The plants were identified by Dra. Rosa Helena Veras Mourão and a voucher #250.3639 of the specimen were deposited at Herbarium of the National Institute of Amazon Research. The plant material was dried at 40°C, and pulverized by knife mill, and stored sheltered from light and moisture for subsequent use in the extraction procedure.
Rutin (95%) and tannic acid (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (Sigma-Aldrich Brasil Ltd., a, São Paulo, Brazil), and ultrapure water from a Milli-Q system (Millipore ® , Bedford, MA, USA) were used. All reagents were of analytical grade.
Total polyphenol contents, total tannin contents, and total flavonoids contents
For calculated total polyphenol contents (TPc) was employed Hagerman and Butler method, adapted by Waterman and Mole, [13],[14] the absorbance was read at 510 nm. The calibration curve was prepared with tannic acid at the dilutions: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35 mg/mL. The correlation coefficient calculated for this curve was 0.9983.
For total tannin contents (TTc) was employed Hagerman and Butler method, adapted by Waterman and Mole, [13],[15] the absorbance was read at 510 nm. The calibration curve was prepared with tannic acid at the dilutions: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mg/mL. The correlation coefficient calculated for this curve was 0.9985.
For total flavonoids content (TFc), the ethanolic extract was directly read at 361 nm. [16] The calibration curve was prepared with rutin at the dilutions: 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.1 mg/mL. The correlation coefficient calculated for this curve was 0.9939.
Box-Behnken experimental design (3 3 ) with three factors and three levels was used to optimize and evaluate main effects, interaction effects, and quadratic effects of the process variables. [17] The factors studied were: (i) Extraction times (ETs) of 5, 10, and 15 min, (ii) solid: Liquid ratio of 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL, and (iii) ethanolic strength (ES) 65, 80, and 95% (v/v), show in [Table 1]. Experiments were performed using a 40 kHz ultrasonic UNIQUE ® (USC 4800). The experimental runs were randomized to satisfy the statistical requirement of independence of observations, show in [Table 2]. A second-order polynomial regression model was used to express the yield as a function of the independent variables as follows:{Table 1}{Table 2}
Where y represents the response variables, β0 is a constant, βi , βii, and βij are the linear, quadratic and interactive coefficients, respectively. xi and xj are the levels of the independent variables. All statistical analysis was conducted using the software Design Expert ® version 7.0. [18] The factors with a significance higher than 5% (P < 0.05) was considered.
[Table 2] shows the results with the corresponding responses data for the M. amazonica leaves, regarding TPc, TTc, and TFc. The highest value obtained of TPc under the experimental design was 13.66% (Run 2). Regarding total tannins (TT) content, experiment 3 showed the highest value, which was 39.12%, and in this extraction was employed the same alcohol degree that the experiment described above.
The highest content of TF found was 2.60% (Run 4), and this value was also obtained with the 80% alcohol degree, the same of the runs early. The similarity of these experiments regarding the highest values of the responses suggests the influence of alcohol in the extraction process, and this fact will be discussed later.
The second-order polynomial model was fitted to each of the response variables (Equation 1). The ANOVA provides the summary of main effects and their significance in [Table 3], which the level of significance are represented as percentages. This analysis showed that the ES had a significant effect on the total phenols, TT, and TF content at the 5% level.{Table 3}
The ANOVA revealed that only ET 2 exerted an influence on the TPc at a significance level of 5%. None of the others effects and the interactive terms were significant. Thus, in the levels investigated, this squared term had a negative influence over the total phenols content. The coefficient of this independent variable is shown in the following fitted equation:
[Figure 1]a and b show the surfaces plots of TTc as a function of ET, solid to liquid ratio (SLR), and ES. These graphs showed that ET and SLR exerted a nonlinear effect on TTc. In general, higher and lower levels of SLR provided better yields of the tannins by ultrasound-assisted extraction, thus its possible make the extraction in these two regions of the surface. The fact of the obtainment of great amounts of tannins with lower SLR could present an economy of this raw material. Sousa et al. found similar results with the stem barks of the species Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mar.) Coville, which lower levels of SLR results in great yields of tannins. [19] Other studies investigated the influence of various parameters on the tannins obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, such the article of Martins et al., where was studied the parameters ET, ES, and particle size of raw material on the tannins amount of Dipteryx alata Vogel fruits. [20]{Figure 1}
The application of experimental design to increase the yield of extraction markers has been very employed in early years. The ultrasound-assisted extraction of the phenolic compound 4-nerolidylcatechol was investigated in roots of species Pothomorphe umbellata, and the main factors that exerted influence in this extraction process were ethanol to water ratio and ET. [21]
According to [Figure 1]b, it can observed that lower amounts of ethanol in extraction solvent had a positive influence in yields of TT, which could be explained by the higher affinity to these polar compounds with polar solvents (with more water). [19],[22]
The fitted equation of TT is given by:
[Figure 2] presents the surface responses of TFc as a function of the terms ET, ES, and SLR. The graphs show that lowest amounts of SLR result in better yields of Fv extraction. Moreover, intermediate values of ES (80%, v/v) associated superior ET (45 min) provided improve yields of Fv extraction. [Figure 2] shows the interaction of ES and SLR, and from this response surface, it can be observed that the better condition to obtainment higher amounts of Fv. The second-order behavior in the optimization of Fv extraction by ultrasound was also found in a study conducted by Zhang et al., which SLR and ES were the quadratic terms. [23] The coefficients of independent variables to this model are shown in the following equation:
{Figure 2}
The dried extract obtained presented a yield of 68.40% (w/w). The levels of total polyphenols, TT, and total FV were, respectively 18.875%, 18.33%, and 7.95% (w/w). These contents of phenolic compounds found were relevant because the values were greater than other species of the same genus. [24]
In this work, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenols, TT, and TF from M. amazonica leaves was investigated with a three-variable experiment Box-Behnken design based on an RSM in enhancing the yields of these marker classes. The best extraction parameters in the levels studied were obtained. The knowledge gained in this study has a great importance for further investigations and application of this vegetal species.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support obtained from CNPq and CAPES.
The financial support obtained from CNPq and CAPES.
1 Govaerts R, Sobral M, Ashton P, Barrie F, Holst BK, Landrum LR, et al. World Checklist of Myrtaceae. Ver. 1. Kew: Royal Botanic Garden; 2008. p. 57-9.
2 Marchiori JN, Sobral M, editors. Dendrologia das Angiospermas-Myrtales. Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 1997. p. 304.
3 Borges LL, Conceição EC, Silveira D. Active compounds and medicinal properties of Myrciaria genus. Food Chem 2014;153:224-33.
4 Sá FA, Borges LL, Paula JA, Sampaio BL, Ferri PH, Paula JR. Essential oils in aerial parts of Myrcia tomentosa: Composition and variability. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2012;22:1233-40.
5 Russo EM, Reichelt AA, De-Sá JR, Furlanetto RP, Moisés RC, Kasamatsu TS, et al. Clinical trial of Myrcia uniflora and Bauhinia forficata leaf extracts in normal and diabetic patients. Braz J Med Biol Res 1990;23:11-20.
6 Hurtado-Fernández E, Gómez-Romero M, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010;53:1130-60.
7 Tsao R, Yang R. Optimization of a new mobile phase to know the complex and real polyphenolic composition: Towards a total phenolic index using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003;1018:29-40.
8 Porter LJ. Tannins. In: Harborne JB, editor. Methods in Plant Biochemistry. London: Academic Press; 1989.
9 Hangerman AE. Tannin Handbook. USA: Departament of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University; 2002.
10 Borges LL, Alves SF, Bara MT, Conceição EC, Ferri PH, Paula JR. Influence of environmental factors on the composition of essential oils from leaves of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat 2013;6:572-80.
11 Zafar M, Kumar S, Kumar S. Optimization of naphthalene biodegradation by a genetic algorithm based response surface methodology. Braz J Chem Eng 2010;27:89-99.
12 Weuster-Botz D. Experimental design for fermentation media development: Statistical design or global random search? J Biosci Bioeng 2000;90:473-83.
13 Hagerman AE, Butler LG. Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins. J Agric Food Chem 1978;26:809-12.
14 Waterman PG, Mole S. A critical analysis of techniques for measuring tannins in ecological studies I: Techniques for chemically defining tannins. Oecologia 1987;72:137-47.
15 Waterman PG, Mole S. A critical analysis of techniques for measuring tannins in ecological studies II: Techniques for chemically defining tannins. Oecologia 1987;72:148-56.
16 Rolim A, Maciel CP, Kaneko TM, Consiglieri VO, Salgado-Santos IM, Velasco MV. Validation assay for total flavonoids, as rutin equivalents, from Trichilia catigua Adr. Juss (Meliaceae) and Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham (Olacaceae) commercial extract. J AOAC Int 2005;88:1015-9.
17 Box GE, Hunter WG, Hunter JS. Statistics for Experimenters. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1978.
18 Stat-Ease, Inc. 2021 East Hennepin Ave., Suite 480, Minneapolis, MN 55413,USA: Design-Expert version 7.0.0, 2005.
19 Sousa JN, Pedroso NB, Borges LL, Oliveira GA, Paula JR, Conceição EC. Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols, tannins and epigallocatechin gallate from barks of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville bark extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2014;10 Suppl 2:S318-23.
20 Martins FS, Borges LL, Paula JR, Conceição EC. Impact of different extraction methods on the quality of Dipteryx alata extracts. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2013;23:521-6.
21 Costa FS, de Araújo Júnior CA, Silva Ede J, Bara MT, Lima EM, Valadares MC, et al. Impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on quality and photostability of the Pothomorphe umbellata extracts. Ultrason Sonochem 2011;18:1002-7.
22 Rusak G, Komes D, Likic S, Hor�ic D, Kovac M. Phenolic content and antioxidative capacity of green and white tea extracts depending on extraction conditions and the solvent used. Food Chem 2008;110:852-8.
23 Zhang G, He L, Hu M. Optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Prunella vulgaris L. and evaluation of antioxidant activities in vitro. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2011;12:18-25.
24 Borges LL, Alves SF, Sampaio BL, Conceição EC, Bara MT, Paula JR. Environmental factors affecting the concentration of phenolic compounds in Myrcia tomentosa leaves. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2013;23:230-8.


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Vegetable Gardens Craft Products
Other Groups Pageant Loans
Busumbala Women's Group
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See links on this & other pages on Menu 2
Women in agriculture and rural crafts
Much of agriculture throughout Africa depends on the efforts of women. In The Gambia, women are traditionally responsible for providing goods for household consumption whereas the men farm crops that are of commercial value.
Small enterprises are often operated by formal or informal women's groups. The women often have only a very basic education, so may need help in such areas as numeracy (e.g. bookkeeping and banking) and literacy (e.g. better English for selling craft products to the tourist trade). This is where Pageant can help, and is a perfect example of encouraging Natural Talent. There is further information on other women's groups on our links page.
Pageant has been helping a Women's Group in the Village of Busumbala, near Serrekunda, for about two years. The group has approximately 30 members, of which about half are active members. Only one of these women has attended school, up to Grade 2. Pageant has been funding literacy and numeracy classes for just over a year, with a break for the rainy season to work in the gardens. The women have opened a bank account, under a scheme for community groups, citing our support.
The Busumbala Women's Group run a vegetable garden, and sell their produce at the local market.
Kerafo (president of the group) gathers
vegetables, with Kemo standing beside her
Three Busumbala women selling fruit and
vegetables at their stall in the little market
between Yundum and Busumbala
The Busumbala women produce tie-dyed fabrics, dresses, dolls, bags etc. - some for the tourist market and some for local consumption. Pageant helps with with materials for their craft (a sewing machine, scissors, thread, needles, pins etc) and has paid some set-up money to buy dyes and rubber gloves. We also send them large bags of women's and children's clothing, all of which are received with great enthusiasm.
Busumbala women work on a large piece
of fabric to prepare it for dying
dye is being applied to the fabric
Two women hold up the completed piece of fabric
dyed with an intricate pattern of blues and greens
Other women's groups
This section of our links page shows how other women's groups are being helped in the Gambia. Pageant's involvement could also spread to other communities. Families are already being helped with supplies of clothes and household items in the up-country villages of Bakalarr, Jarreng and Kalagi and it is mainly the women who are the organisers of distributing this sort of aid within the communities.
Pageant runs a scheme to provide microloans to groups of women to start small businesses. Find out more about Pageant Loans.


In the entire Yoga style adho mukha vrksasana is one of the most popular Yoga Pose I have ever seen and is quite difficult too for the beginners. Though, regular practice can make anything possible. The pose is commonly known as Handstand Pose or Downward Facing Tree Pose. This pose is a superb substructure to a lot of arm balance Yoga Postures or Asanas. At the very first time you should practice this pose against a wall, when you will feel comfortable or adaptable with the pose, you can try without it.
Thinking to start adho mukha vrksasana ?
Start placing your hands on the yoga mat.
Now walk your legs ahead and lift one of your leg up, allow the other naturally.
Now join both of the legs, when both are up, apply comfortably with a bit pressure inward in the direction of your heels.
Making proper balance in the beginning is quite difficult because the breathing is changing all the time and changing your body shape. It will affect the weight distribution over your heads. If you breathe deeper it causes greater changes and makes a bit difficult to recoup with the counter balance. But if you breathe slowly it helps you to perform your balance.
The pose helps every parts of your body, makes you body fine and fit for a good and healthy life.
It supplies fresh blood to your entire body.
It straightens your arms, your muscles, your shoulder and wrist, makes yourself more flexible and graceful.
The pose improves your strength and enhances your stamina.
This is completely a balancing pose, helps you to stay cool and calm in mind and body.
This asana also helps your brain to relax.


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D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic
Case Lawyer
James Goldston
Ethnic Segregation of Schoolchildren
This case was the first challenge to systemic racial segregation in education to reach the European Court of Human Rights. When this case was brought, Roma children in the Czech Republic were 27 times more likely to be placed in "special schools" for the mentally disabled than non-Roma children. In 2007, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that this pattern of segregation violated nondiscrimination protections in the European Convention on Human Rights. Despite this landmark decision, there has been little change: the "special schools" have been renamed but still follow the same substandard curriculum; Roma continue to be assigned to these schools in disproportionate numbers; and attempts to challenge the biased attitudes of teachers and parents have been minimal. The process of integration has barely begun.
Racial segregation in education remains widespread throughout the Czech Republic and in many European countries. Research by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) and reports by monitoring organs of the Council Europe have consistently documented the separate and discriminatory education of Roma, as well as additional practices by educational authorities that result in the segregation of Roma children in schools.
These practices include: segregation in so-called "special" schools for children with developmental disabilities; segregation in Roma ghetto schools; segregation in all-Roma classes; and denial of Roma enrollment in mainstream schools. Whatever the particular form of separate schooling, the quality of education provided to Roma is invariably inferior to mainstream education in each country.
The eighteen applicants before the European Court of Human Rights were all school children from the town of Ostrava. They were Czech nationals of Roma descent, born between 1985 and 1991 and therefore nine to fifteen years old at the time of the application in 2000. Between 1996 and 1999 they were placed into "special schools" for children with mental disabilities. The decision to place them in these schools was made by the head teacher on the basis of a psychological examination, and with the consent of the child's parent or guardian.
Statistics presented to the court demonstrated the segregated nature of schools in Ostrava, concluding that in the year 1999:
Over half of Roma children were placed in "special schools."
Over half of the students in "special schools" were Roma.
Any randomly chosen Roma child was more than 27 times more likely to be placed in a "special school" than a non-Roma child.
Even where Roma children managed to avoid the trap of placement in "special schools," they were most often enrolled in substandard and predominantly Roma urban ghetto schools.
Once these children had been streamed into substandard education, they had little chance of accessing higher education or steady employment opportunities. Attempts to remedy the situation in the domestic courts failed.
Open Society Justice Initiative Involvement
The Open Society Justice Initiative acted as co-counsel before the Second Section of the European Court of Human Rights and then before the Grand Chamber, presenting oral arguments in support of the applicants. Key word: litigation
Racial discrimination. The segregation amounted to a discriminatory denial of the right to education, in breach of Article 14 ECHR (non-discrimination), taken together with Article 2 of Protocol 1 (education).
Degrading treatment. The segregation was so severe as to amount to degrading treatment in breach of Article 3 ECHR (inhuman/degrading treatment).
No judicial review. The absence of adequate judicial review of the decision to assign them to "special schools" violated the right to a fair trial in Article 6 ECHR (fair trial).
Second Section Decision, February 2006
The Second Section of the European Court of Human Rights found no evidence of discrimination against the applicants, based upon three factors. First, that the system of special schooling was not established solely to cater for Roma children, but with the legitimate aim of assisting children with slight mental disabilities to obtain a basic education. Second, tests for placement in the school were administered by professional psychologists, and it was not the role of the court to go behind the established facts of the case and require the government to show that individual psychologists had not adopted a discriminatory approach to these particular children. Third, the applicants' parents failed to appeal against the decisions to place their children in special schools and in a number of the cases the parents had requested that their children be transferred to a special school.
Grand Chamber Decision, November 2007
The Grand Chamber held by 13 votes to 4 that there had been indirect discrimination against the school children in the provision of education, finding a violation of Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) of the European Convention on Human Rights read in conjunction with Article 2 of Protocol 1 (right to education). The decision held that disproportionate assignment of Roma children to special schools without an objective and reasonable justification amounted to unlawful discrimination. However, perhaps the most groundbreaking element of the court's decision was that it explicitly embraced the principle of indirect discrimination, reasoning that a prima facie allegation of discrimination shifts the burden to the defendant state to prove that any difference in treatment is not discriminatory.
The court required the Czech Republic to adopt "general and/or, if appropriate, individual measures" in order to end the discrimination against Roma in the Czech education system. As a result of the judgment of the Grand Chamber, the case was transferred to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to ensure the implementation of the decision—"to put an end to the violation found by the Court and to redress so far as possible the effects."
Committee of Ministers
The body charged with implementing the judgment meets periodically to consider the actions that have been taken by the government of the Czech Republic. At their meeting in June 2009, they decided that more information was needed on the impact of the 2005 Czech School Act in practice, as well as with regard to dissemination of the judgment and awareness-raising of all actors concerned. The Committee of Ministers considered the case in December 2010 and is expected to review the progress of implementation in June 2011.
The Justice Initiative has submitted five memos to the Committee of Ministers highlighting its concerns. Issues include:
Continuing Segregation. Across the country as a whole, government statistics confirm that nearly 30 percent of Roma continue to be placed in re-named "special schools," compared with only 2 percent of non-Roma. In specific regions the figures are worse. Once children are assigned to special schools, their chance of transferring to standard schools is virtually nil.
Failure to Take Measures for Effective Integration. New laws introduced by the government are inadequate and have had little effect. Special schools have merely been re-named as "practical primary schools." Positive measures suggested by the court such as preparatory classes have been underutilized.
The Grand Chamber finds a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Oral argument before the Grand Chamber. The case for the applicants was argued by Anthony Lester QC, James A. Goldston, and David Strupek.
Grand Chamber grants the request for referral.
Applicants petition for referral of the case to the Grand Chamber.
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, Second Section, finding no violation.
Application submitted to the European Court of Human Rights.
Fifth NGO Submission Download the four-page document. Download
Fourth NGO Submission Download the 19-page document. Download
Briefing Paper on Orsus v. Croatia Download the two-page document. Download
Briefing Paper on Sampanis v Greece Download the two-page document. Download
Briefing Paper on Grand Chamber Judgment Download the two-page document. Download
Briefing Paper on Implementation Download the three-page document. Download
Third NGO Submission Download the 10-page document. Download
Second NGO Submission Download the six-page document. Download
First NGO Submission Download the 18-page document. Download
Application to ECtHR Download the 69-page document. Download
Bagdonavicius v. Russia
This is a case brought by the Open Society Justice Initiative challenging the destruction of Roma families' homes in Russia.
Mikhaj and Others v. Russia
This case challenges discrimination against Roma children in Tula, Russia, who have been placed in segregated classes and refused the opportunity to study beyond the fifth year of primary school.
Nachova v. Bulgaria
This case involves the killing of two unarmed Roma conscripts by the Bulgarian military. The Open Society Justice Initiative argues that the incident violated the European Convention on Human Rights.
How Roma Families are Taking Action against Czech School Discrimination
Facing discrimination in the Czech Republic's education system, Roma families in the city of Ostrava are fighting to secure better schooling for their children, one child at a time.
April 29, 2015 | Ostalinda Maya
Failing Another Generation: A Photo Essay
The Open Society Justice Initiative commissioned photographer Stephanie Sinclair to document how the Czech government is funneling a new generation of Roma children into sub-standard schools, in breach of the European Convention on Human Rights.
For a New Path Forward, Denmark Must Commit to Equality
Life in Denmark has become increasingly difficult for the thousands of Muslim citizens and immigrants in the country. Many new policies ostracize Muslims—and they are illegal.
June 13, 2019 | James A. Goldston
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Experienced Food & Beverage Professionals.
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We've Been On Both Sides Of The Bar & Know The Lingo.
Our mystery shoppers are a pre-vetted team of food & beverage experts.
Carefully selected and placed Evaluators are the core of our business. We do not employ just "Mystery Shoppers" Rather, we work with highly trained individuals who possess proven guest experience in the hospitality and service industry sectors. Therefore, we go through a vigorous selection process to ensure applicants meet our standards. In fact, only 30% of the evaluators that apply to work with us are ultimately selected.
Each applicant undergoes a screening process where they take an exam and complete a mock evaluation form based on their most recent dining experience. If executed successfully, the evaluator is then accepted and given assignments that fit their field of expertise.
60 percent of our trained evaluators consist of licensed private investigators, and the remaining 40 percent is comprised of food critics, chefs, journalists, professors, various other industry professionals.
Our training does not stop there. After each evaluation, evaluators receive feedback and are continually coached by our staff. All of this is done to secure the most thorough and professional feedback for your business so you can objectively monitor service improvements, operational excellence, and overall guest satisfaction.
We secure the most thorough and professional feedback for your business so you can objectively monitor service improvements, operational excellence, and overall guest satisfaction.


Many critics voice similar concerns today. I have to carry them to Homeroom and since I have a job as Office Monitor I have to collect any forms from the other kids and go all the way down meaning to the General Office and drop them off. Frances president, Francois Hollande, even proposed that homework be banned because it may have inegaliatarian effects. I have to complete my homework in the morning when she's not using the study, before I head for the academy. Still, other districts across the country are taking second looks at the practice. Sport practices, jobs to do around home, looking after siblings, at after school care etc. At the start of the 2013-14 school year, the Fentress County School District in Tennessee announced that it would enforce a district-wide ban on graded homework assignments. Students often think homework should be banned. According to Pope, homework should not be simply assigned as a routine practice. Going by timss data, the US is neither. On a weekday, this is my usual agenda, Wake up in the morning, Catch the bus, Get off at the correct stop, take a train, and walk 10 minutes to my school. Kids are in school for 8 hours a day doing work, other than lunch and recess.
Angela Downing, overwhelming, according to ieee research, my general suggestion is to change the default. I have to do my homework in the study. Opening presents, massachusetts, i donapos, report Post, so that concludes the end of my persuasive essay top three reasons homework is bad. Six hours of academics is enoughexcept on those occasions when teachers can show strong reason to infringe on family time and make these particular students do more of this particular. Well I am one, no homework should be the norm. I then have to go to whatever room we have Period. Did you know that homework leads to bad grades and overwhelmed cranky kids. My name is Anthony and I am 14 years old. Another reason is that, if we step back from the heated debates about homework and look at how homework is used around the world.
There is no evidence to support that this level of paper homework has clear academic benefits. It also affects families because Homework paper trouble school trouble family trouble. I once stayed up until midnight and wound up very tired when morning arrived. S preventing children from leading balanced lifestyles. But is concerned about its potential to consume too much time outside the school day. Karen Spychala, t have to worry about this problem.
Whatever the reason, the fact is a significant percentage of elementary school children around the world are struggling with large homework loads.Rather than seeing homework as a solution, policymakers should question what facets of their educational system might impel students, teachers and parents to increase homework loads.Another reason is that the noise around.
And Ive seen no change in the achievement level of my students since I stopped assigning homework.After that, they need to be kids and teens.Since I go on my own, I have to know where everything is and what room to go to, I cant just follow a classmate like most kids in my class.Young adolescents in middle school, or teenagers in high school, can study for longer duration than elementary school children.


Sharespace comes with more than 100 useful and fascinating features which boost collaboration, exchange of information, reduction of IT effort and a modern responsive design you will love. Just click on the categories to learn more.
With Swisscom Sharespace, our Social Intranet and Collaboration Software (based on Microsoft SharePoint), you can discover a whole new dimension of internal communication. Not only are your employees always up-to-date, they can also play an active part themselves with comments, entries, likes, etc. Information flows smoothly between individuals and departments, and your company's ability to innovate increases. Swisscom Sharespace offers you ready-to-use workspaces and makes company-wide collaboration easier.
Do not hesitate to order a Demo or try it for free.


Thieves' Highway vividly depicts the perilous world of "long-haul boys," who drive by night to bring their goods to the markets of America's cities. Richard Conte stars as ex-G.I. Nick Garcos, a tyro trucker bent on satisfaction from the man responsible for crippling his father—ruthless market operator Mike Figlia (Lee J. Cobb). But when Figlia gets wise to his plan, Nick finds himself in a web of treachery and heartbreak. The Criterion Collection is proud to present this searing melodrama from master Jules Dassin.


Châteaux La Fleur de Gay and La Croix de Gay are two properties owned by the same family living in Pomerol since 1477.
This two châteaux on six hectares of vineyard illustrate our burgundian vision of the Pomerol's terroirs.
Each plot of our vineyard is for us a distinct « climat ».
blends aged and bottled under two separates châteaux brands.
In this way, two different expressions of the greats terroirs of Pomerol can be distinguished : château La Fleur de Gay et château La Croix de Gay.
Like in burgundy the terms « Grand Cru » and « Premier Cru » may be choose to describe their relationship.
One is not the « tête de cuvée » or the second wine of the other.


We are located on the A831 near Struy in Strathglass, approximately a half hour drive from the city of Inverness and 15 minute drive from Beauly.
Coming from Inverness along the A862, just after the Lovat Bridge branch left on to the A831 signposted to Struy and Cannich. Continue along this road for approximately 8 miles passing through Kilmorack and Aigas. Just after a single track road sign you will pass through an oak wood with the river on your left. Our cottages are the next turning on the right hand side of the road.
There are direct trains to Inverness from several of the major cities including Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and London with regular connections to Beauly where a taxi service is available. Car hire is available in Inverness.


Major upgrades to the CNC milling machine!!!
Building a CNC mill from random parts!
It's a fully tracked wheelchair!
It's a half track wheelchair!
Building a dry sump fuel injected turbo engine.
Hybrid drive system exploration project.


…we accept the love we think we deserve.
While walking at the Castello Sforzesco grounds in Milan, I saw a blind man and his friend. They walk arm in arm as the sighted friend describes the castle in detail, in lovely soft Italian. I thought those things just happen in movies. The vision was so beautiful and moving, it just made the trip for me.
May you be blessed with health, wholeness, life and love this coming year.


When Carter Cleveland, the CEO of the art-trading website Art.sy, moved his fledgling company from Palo Alto, Calif., to New York City he left behind arguably the best place to start a tech business in the U.S.
Home to giants like Facebook, Google, Apple, Intel and eBay, Silicon Valley is well known as the Mecca for high-tech companies – and entrepreneurs hoping to start one. One third of US-based venture capital investment happens in the Valley, according to PriceWaterhouse Coopers and the National Venture Capital Association. By Cleveland's own admission, he "couldn't go into a cafe without hearing pitches" in San Francisco.
So why go east? A recent Princeton grad, Cleveland said he left primarily because of his customers. Art.sy is an online trading post for fine art and, according to Cleveland, over half of his market is in New York City. But Cleveland added that location isn't everything. New York's tech scene is booming, and Cleveland wanted to join the party.


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A Dangerous Border
By Martin Paredes on January 16, 2019 • ( 1 Comment )
The notion that the border is dangerous is used to rally the troops into a frenzy for border security. Interesting is that the United States has two land borders and two oceans, not to mention air corridors. Actual attacks against the United States have come from land, sea and air. Of those, only a small cross border raid came from México; Pancho Villa's raid at Columbus New Mexico. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor from the air. The British invaded from the sea. Most terrorists flew into America with a few crossing the border – the Canadian border that is. But the notion that the U.S.-México border is dangerous persists.
I was recently sent a Tucker Carlson video monologue where Carlson discusses what is driving the border security debacle today. Carlson starts out by explaining how the "progressives" are anti-immigrants and for border fences but not walls. He is right, but for the wrong reasons. Tucker Carlson uses the anti-immigration rhetoric of Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers as his proof that the Democrats and the "progressives" are anti-immigrant.
Tucker Carlson is correct in pointing out that Chavez was anti-immigrant and that he has been adopted by the "progressives" as a model of their movement. Carlson, like most, twist facts to make their point.
Chavez was anti-immigrant for the simple reason that immigrants compete for jobs. Unions are anti-immigrant for the same reason. It is discrimination based on economics rather than the skin color.
The Democrats, like their brethren, the Republicans use immigrants as pawns on national policy.
Tucker Carlson argues that the driving issue behind the Democrat's refusal to fund Donald Trump's border wall is about "power".
Carlson is right, but for the wrong reasons, again.
Tucker Carlson argues in his monologue that the Democrats want to add voters to their voting rolls in the form of new immigrants, "millions" of them.
The Democrats are refusing to fund The Wall for power – the power to keep Donald Trump from proclaiming a "win" on his signature promise to his base. It is not about a wall on the border. The Democrats, after all, funded the existing fence on the border.
The issue is about The Wall. Note the capitalization between "The Wall" and "wall" I use on my posts?
The reason behind it is because it points out the difference between Trump's "Wall" and the existing fence along the border or even a wall on the border.
The Democrats, the unions and even Republicans have no problem with a "wall" because it serves various domestic policy issues. Among them sovereignty, border control, smuggling and the scourge of drugs. I'd even buy into the idea of a wall when those pushing it forth acknowledge that it is about keeping economic immigrants out of the country – those looking for work.
The Trump Wall, on the other hand, is about stigmatizing people for their culture, their language and sometimes the color of their skin. Donald Trump may not have meant The Wall to be a racist, but he made it so by stating Mexicans are "rapists" and telling everyone that "Mexico will pay" for The Wall.
That chants of "Mexico will pay" for The Wall at his rallies are driven by fear, xenophobia and even racism by some.
That's what makes The Wall versus fence/wall different.
But Tucker Carlson is right about the "power" play between the Democrats, the Republicans and Donald Trump. Note that it is a three-way power play.
Like before "fear" is the narrative that tries to convince Americans that México is dangerous to America.
But the facts simply do not support the "fear".
Anti-immigrant and xenophobic online magazine Breitbart recently posted a "leaked" FBI report tying to prove that the U.S.-México border is a dangerous place. Again, spinning facts to serve a political agenda. Breitbart's FBI "leaked" document purports to show that most terrorists are caught in the state's bordering México. However, the "analysis" by Breitbart ignores fundamental realities about population densities and how the government collects the data. It also ignores the fact that the terrorist "watchlist" is not a list of actual terrorists, but rather a collection of data points that may show someone is a terrorist, even if they are not.
But in its zeal to drive its agenda, Breitbart, like everyone else ignores the facts with in the data.
The most important one being that the vast majority of those on the report are not intercepted on land, but via airlines from various parts of the world and, even, on domestic airliners, meaning that they are already in the country. Even the very few interdicted via land, are mostly arriving from the Canadian border.
The "encounter" map proudly displayed by Breitbart is color coded green, yellow and red presumably using red to demonstrate more terrorist suspect activities then the green states. California is red as well as Texas. Arizona is yellow. New Mexico, on the other hand is green.
But Breitbart uses California and Texas to make the case that terrorists are pouring over the U.S.-México border. They conveniently add Arizona, which is yellow. Although they also conveniently ignore that the colors do not represent land crossings what is most telling about the false narrative is that Florida, Illinois, Michigan and New York are also red. Minnesota and Washington State are also yellow.
So, if it is about "dangerous" border crossings where is the call to build a border wall on the Canadian border? After all Illinois, Michigan and New York, all red border Canada, not to mention the yellow states of Washington and Minnesota that also border Canada.
If it is about keeping America safe why not talk about Canada?
But, but its more than terrorism, its about drugs and crime.
So, let's rank states by their homicide rates per 100,000 population. How many states that border México do you think are on the top ten, or top twenty? For 2017, only two states bordering México are on the top twenty states with the highest homicide rate in 2017. They were Arizona and New Mexico.
So much for the dangerous border.
But, but it's about crime.
Ok, so let's look at the crimes per 100,000 per state. Looking at the rates of violent crime and property crime collected by the FBI, we find that only one state that border's México is on the top-twenty crime list. It is California, which has two cities on the top-twenty; Oakland (6) and Stockton (8).
So much for the notion of crime along the border.
But, but, it's about the drugs.
There is no disputing that 90% of the drugs come via México.
But here is the inconvenient fact.
According to DEA's own assessment of the importation of drugs, "the most common method employed by Mexican TCOs involves transporting drugs in vehicles through U.S. ports of entry." That is a quote from the 2016 National Drug Threat Assessment produced by the DEA.
So much for the notion that a border wall will stop the drugs dead on their tracks.
But Tucker Carlson is right about the dangers of the border narrative being about "power".
It is the power to misuse information and fear to drive a public policy agenda.
The embracing of immigrants by the Democrats now is about "power." The use of fear mongering is also about power, the "power" to drive a xenophobe domestic policy.
Missing in all the noise are the facts.
The only indisputable fact is that the southern border is NOT dangerous to Americans.
Tagged as: border, border politics, border security, open borders, politics
Americans Do Not Want The Wall
Chapo Paid Mexican President
Well, Muslim prayer rugs are popping up in the desert out by Lordsburg, NM. Not too many cowboys pray that way, if at all, far as I know.
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/border-rancher-weve-found-prayer-rugs-out-here-its-unreal
Nothing to see here. Move on.


text:
Q: The pronunciation of words which begins 'con' and 'com' I know there is no strict rule on pronunciation of words in English but here my question is about the words which begin with 'con' and 'com', more than asking general rule.
When I look at the words begin with 'con' and 'com', I see mostly two patterns : One of them is schwa /ə/ sound and the other one is /o/ or /ɒ/ sound.But the second  pronunciation can be pronounced slightly differently depending on dialect.
An example word for the first pronunciation is the word computer whose pronunciation is represented  /kəmˈpjuː.tər/  in Cambridge Online Dictionaries.
An example for the second type of pronunciation for "co" could be the word contrast whose pronunciation is represented  /ˈkɒn.trɑːst/   in Cambridge Online Dictionaries.
So my question is there any rule/pattern which can help us guess how to pronounce these words correctly?
I am not asking about the words like cool, come or coke. My question is about words like contract, combination, continue, combat.

A: A very reliable rule of thumb for British English and General American is this:

*

*If the syllable con is stressed it will take a full strong, vowel, and the first syllable will be: /kɒn/.

*If the syllable is not stressed we will find a schwa, /ə/, or no vowel at all in the first syllable: either /kn/ or /kən/.
However, we should bear in mind that some regional varieties of English will have a full vowel in the first syllable of many of these words regardless of stress. So in Yorkshire English, for example, many speakers will say /kɒnˈstɪtʃʊənt/.
This morpheme 'con' occurs a lot in English. That last sound in 'con', /n/, is very unstable both because it is an alveolar sound and also because it is nasal. It tends to change according to the following consonant. We find this prefix with different final consonants in words like: collect, commemorate, correlate. These types of word also show the same variation in their first syllables depending on the stress:

*

*colleague: /ˈkɒli:g/

*collection: /kəˈlekʃn/

*compensate: /'kɒmpənseɪt/

*computer: /km'pju:tə/

*correlate: /ˈkɒrəleɪt/

*corroborate: /kə'rɒbəreɪt/

Both words collection and corroborate could be said with no schwa at all, and just a syllabic consonant - but the transcription for this is tricky in terms of syllabification, so I have taken the easy route and used a schwa. Similarly, computer could equally be said with a schwa instead of a syllabic /m/.
[Transcription note: in line with the Original Poster's question I have used Southern Standard British English transcriptions].

A: A useful guide is that  /o/ sound tends to occur when the syllable is stressed and the schwa /ə/ sound is usually when the syllable is unstressed.
For example,
cóntrast and contrást
cóntrary and contráry
cómbat and combátant
cómbine harvester and combíne

A: According to SPE -- The Sound Pattern of English (which I think is right about this matter), when the primary stress is on the second syllable, a heavy first syllable gets a secondary stress, but a light first syllable remains stressless, except for Latinate prefixes (like "con-"), which remain stressless even though they are heavy.
By "heavy", I mean that a syllable has a tense vowel or ends in a consonant. (The SPE account does not make reference to syllables, but that's what it boils down to.)
So, e.g., "computer" has no stress on the first syllable, even though it's heavy ("com-" ends in a consonant) because "con-" is a Latinate prefix.  Compare "pentagonal", with secondary stress on "pen".  Or, also, "campaign", with secondary stress on "cam".
In the SPE analysis, whether primary stress will fall on the first syllable of a word, like your example "contrast" (noun), is a separate matter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Set Custom Dimension in measurement pool in Google Analytics I need to set a Custom Dimension from the server side, I am trying this request:
http://www.google-analytics.com/collect?&v=1&tid=UA-XXXXXXXX-X&cid=111111111.111111111&t=all&cd1=MyCustomDimension
In the "t" value I also try "event" and "pageview" but it doesn't work.
I created this class for do the request.
public static class GoogleAnalyticsServerSide
{
    private static string googleURL = "http://www.google-analytics.com/collect";
    private static string googleVersion = "1";
    private static string googleTrackingID = "UA-XXXXXX-X";
    private static string googleClientID = "111111111.11111111";

    private static Dictionary<string, string> baseValues()
    {
        Dictionary<string, string> data = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        data.Add("v", googleVersion);         // Version.
        data.Add("tid", googleTrackingID);    // Tracking ID / Web property / Property ID.
        data.Add("cid", googleClientID);      // Anonymous Client ID.
        return data;
    }
    public static void TrackEvent(string category, string action, string label)
    {
        Dictionary<string, string> postData = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        postData = baseValues();
        postData.Add("t", "event");
        postData.Add("ec", category);
        postData.Add("ea", action);
        postData.Add("el", label);
        Track(postData);
    }

    public static void TrackCustomDimension(string index, string value)
    {
        Dictionary<string, string> postData = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        postData = baseValues();
        postData.Add("t", "all");
        postData.Add("cd" + index, value);
        Track(postData);
    }
    private static void Track(Dictionary<string, string> postData)
    {
        try
        {
            var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(googleURL);
            request.Method = "POST";

            var postDataString = postData
                .Aggregate("", (data, next) => string.Format("{0}&{1}={2}", data, next.Key,
                                                             HttpUtility.UrlEncode(next.Value)))
                .TrimEnd('&');

            // set the Content-Length header to the correct value
            request.ContentLength = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(postDataString);

            // write the request body to the request
            using (var writer = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                writer.Write(postDataString);
            }

            try
            {
                var webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
                if (webResponse.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
                {
                    throw new HttpException((int)webResponse.StatusCode,
                                            "Google Analytics tracking did not return OK 200");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {

            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {

        }
    }

}

The class works well because if I use the TrackEvent method it works. I am not sure if I missing something in the post request of Custom Dimension.
Thanks in advance.

A: I'm not sure what you mean by "it doesn't work" because what you have looks fine to me.
Regardless, you should try using the Measurement Protocol Hit Builder to create and validate your hits prior to sending them, just to make sure all required fields are there.
If you want to validate your hits in code, you send your hits to the Measurement Protocol Validation Server to check their validity before sending them to Google Analytics. The hit builder actually uses this tool under the hood to validate the hits.


text:
Introducing Richard M. DeVos, Jr.
Richard M. DeVos, Jr., has led the founding and formation of West Michigan Aviation Academy. He's also the founder and president of Windquest Group and co-chair of the Grand Action committee. Dick has also held public office on the Michigan State Board of Education, served on numerous boards and committees, and ran for governor in 2006.
All of Mr. DeVos' professional interests are centered on revitalizing Grand Rapids, most notably through education. His love of flying and shared passion with his wife, Betsy, for innovative educational options in Grand Rapids, led to the development of West Michigan Aviation Academy.


How do you tell a reasonable guess about what future technology might bring (eg a manned mission to Mars) from unreasonable guesses (eg teleportation)?
I'm inclined to think that you have to get down to the technical nitty-gritty. If you don't know the field, it might be reasonable to think that in the future we'll prove that our ciphers are unbreakable. Actually, for everyday useful ciphers, a proof that they are secure with no unproven assumptions is much harder than you might think if you've not studied CS. There's no reason I'd expect you to know that if you're not a computer scientist, but if your vision of the near future included provably unbreakable ciphers, I'd want to explain why that doesn't look very likely at the moment.


We had a bit of unexpected down-time yesterday afternoon.
unfortunately, any bids placed between 8am and 4:30pm may have been lost.
Anyfur that was affected by this, please e-mail me at aatheus@transfur.com.
affected, plus any other info that would help us re-construct your bid(s).


text:
by Arda Alan Işık
by Arda Alan Işık Mar 28, 2015 12:00 am
I have to be self-critical. When I was talking about modern football as the European way of football while criticizing Fatih Terim's mind set, I generalized a bit too much. Now I realize there are actually a few people around the world who perceive football as a set of strategies and tactics and it is really hard to classify them into only one group. Thus, describing the new football way as the European way of football is just too broad, maybe we can call it "neo-total football." A close examination of Liverpool and Club Brugge also confirms my new theory. The most crucial difference between Turkish football and European football is that Europeans tend to play this game more scientifically, but nothing more. What I mean by scientifically is training methods, nutrition and finance among other things, but the theoretical side is mostly as empty as the Turkish way. For instance, the last example that I observed, the performance of France and their coach Didier Deschamps, against Brazil was a disappointment for me. Deschamps will never be one of the greatest strategists or tacticians of all time, but he played enough at the highest level to understand the logic of the game. Nevertheless, after the game, the only difference I could see between an ordinary Turkish club and the French national team was the difference in players. Deschamps obviously cooked a good-looking, fresh and assertive meal, yet still it did not have the true taste that would have made it unique. This was also the case for Liverpool and Club Brugge, and of course, Beşiktaş. What they are trying to do is change the pace of the game, but in the wrong way, thinking, "If we can create chaos faster and harder, it will bring better results." Luckily, that is not the case.
Of course having Antoine Griezmann rather than Olcay Şahan creates a difference, but the difference in the collective mindset, in other words, in organizing the game, rather than just positioning talented players, what France produced totally surpassed anything a Turkish club can put together. Nonetheless, the sad point is most of the people involved in European football are just too satisfied and arrogant to embrace the true soul of the game. From a Marxist point of view, we might say the importance of production in industrial football has alienated the people from the real joy of football. All the promotion of individual skill is just an illusion created by elites in order to protect their profits, but it seems that everyone has just taken the bait. Thus, we might say, for instance, Turkey and the Netherlands, two football cultures that seem totally distinct, are theoretically the same. Therefore, the game on Saturday night might be a predictable one. Seeing as the Netherlands coach Guus Hiddink is pretty much on the same road as Fatih Terim, the fate of the game will probably be determined by the scientific and individual factors that I listed above. The Netherlands obviously have better weapons to create chaos than Turkey, but they will become useless with the correct strategy. First of all, the Netherlands is another typical counter-attacking team that relies on its speed. Although, the sole existence of Arjen Robben naturally pushes a team to play fast and imbalanced, we have to admit that Hiddink loves it. Unlike Josep Guardiola, who mostly uses Robben in a controlled way, Hiddink unleashes Robben to create chaos, and everything else is just details.
However, Fatih Terim also has the same goal as Hiddink, with Arda Turan the one able to create opportunities. But Terim is far behind Hiddink when it comes to details. The Netherlands are just faster and stronger than Turkey, and when they have the same goal, it is not hard to guess which one has a higher chance of winning. That is why Turkey should be patient and dominant in order to at least reduce the effectiveness of the opponent's lethal counter-attacks. Iceland made it, why not Turkey? But the question is on Terim. Is he ready for such a strategic challenge? I hope so. If not, he has a real problem.
20 gorgeous, must-see national parks in Turkey


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EMBL and the Tara Ocean Foundation
Credit: Luca Santangeli / EMBL
Plankton's importance for the earth's climate is at least equivalent to that of the rainforest.
Yet only a small fraction of organisms that compose it have been classified and analysed.
Plankton and the climate
The extreme turnover rates and complex biotic interactions that characterise plankton as compared to terrestrial or benthic marine communities, make plankton ecosystems a natural cyclotron for life, accelerating the pace of evolution/selection of fundamental metabolisms and phenotypes, and thus of organisms that transform matter and energy on a planetary scale. Moreover, the efficient symbiosis between plankton and scleractinian corals is a pivotal interaction for the growth and maintenance of coral reefs, known to harbour the highest benthic biodiversity in the oceans.
We currently know very little about plankton ecosystems, their evolution, and the critical roles they play in Earth's chemical, ecological and climatic states. Yet, they represent an enormous but largely untapped source of unique organisms and bioactive compounds relevant for bio-industries involved in pharmaceutics, nutrition, cosmetics, bioenergy and nanotechnology. The dramatic lack of knowledge on plankton biota has hindered the development of this kind of applications as well as our understanding of this major earth ecosystem.
Plankton ecosystems contain a phenomenal reservoir of life: more than 10 billion organisms inhabit every litre of oceanic water, including viruses, prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes (protists), and metazoans.
Plankton photo gallery
Copyright: Tara Ocean Foundation
Ocean plankton
Chaetoceros bulbosus
Sapphirina copepod
Tara Oceans science
On 31 March 2012, the schooner Tara – equipped with technology for sampling an 11 organism size-range covering entire plankton communities from viruses to animals, and benthic diversity in coral reef ecosystems – came back to her home port, Lorient, France.
During the two-and-a-half-year expedition, high quality and standardised genetic (total DNA/RNA), morphological, and physico-chemical (contextual) samples from 210 stations across the world oceans were collected. The sampling locations were carefully selected using near-realtime remote sensing, numerical models and in-situ hydrographic criteria.
A team of international scientists is currently analysing samples from this €10 million public/private scientific expedition (Tara Oceans 2009─2013): the total of ~35,000 biological samples and ~13,000 contextual measures from three depths constitutes the largest modern-day worldwide collection of plankton sampled 'end to end' around the world. Metagenomes and meta barcodes from stations are being built as well as well as quantitative and high-resolution image databases. Genomics data are published as soon as they are validated at EMBL-EBI, correlated with environmental data stored at Pangaea. The Tara Oceans consortium has a fast release policy of data.
35000 samples were collected from all the world's oceans.
IMAGE: Plankton: Noe and Christian Sardet/Plankton Chronicles; Boat: F.Latreille/Tara Expéditions
Tara Oceans schooner.
IMAGE: J.Girardot/Tara Expéditions
Learn more about Tara Oceans Science
Tara Oceans Exhibition
Tara Ocean Foundation website
EMBL and Tara News
Mission Microplastics
Image: Baby squid Credit: C. Guiguand / Tara Expedititons
Inspired by this growing problem, the Tara Ocean Foundation's newest endeavour, Mission Microplastics, will study the nature of the plastic pollution entering the ocean from the European mainland.
From June to November 2019, scientists aboard Tara will sample the microplastics flowing from the estuaries of 10 of Europe's major rivers, using superfine microplastic-collecting nets.
An invisible threat
From the Mediterranean to the Pacific, from the Arctic to the Antarctic, the observations are clear: traces of plastic are prevalent throughout the world's seas and oceans. While the build-up of plastic waste on beaches is eye-catching, increasing concentrations of microplastics present a less obvious danger.
These plastic particles and the potentially toxic chemicals they may carry with them, such as solvents, dyes and pesticides, are broken down by the Sun's ultraviolet radiation and the motion of the waves, and interact with many marine organisms. Recent studies have found that most marine species, including the tiny plankton that form the basis of many ocean ecosystems, now contain microplastics. These present a real danger for the entire marine food chain and for human health, but their impact on living organisms is still poorly documented.
Mission Microplastics aims to answer the following questions:
What does the composition of a microplastic reveal about its source?
How do microplastics disperse once out at sea?
Which species of flora and fauna colonise plastic particles?
Which types of plastics are the most toxic to marine biodiversity?
How do the concentrations of toxic substances carried by plastics build up in the food chain?
Where can we best focus our efforts to stop the stream of plastic into the ocean?
© David Sauveur - Fondation Tara Océan
Tara has sailed and sampled the open oceans of the world, but this time she's staying closer to the shore
Between land and sea
By approaching coastlines and sailing up rivers, the scientists will help trace ocean microplastics back to their origin on land. Unlike aggregate or global statistics, the collection of regional data will help identify local sources of plastic pollution and will aid the development of local policies to reduce the quantity of microplastics that make it out to sea.
The schooner will make 18 stopovers during its journey through the Baltic and North Seas, along Europe's Atlantic coast and around the western Mediterranean. These stops will include activities to engage the public, scientists, stakeholders, local authorities and the private sector and to raise awareness of the risks of microplastic pollution. In addition to tours, lectures and press conferences onboard the sailboat, visitors will be greeted by an exhibition on the research conducted by the Tara Ocean Foundation.
Tara's stopover map
Several of these stopovers will bring the vessel close to EMBL's sites around Europe. During Tara's time in port, EMBL will be holding events such as visits to the schooner and talks and press conferences about EMBL's visionary fundamental research and technology development in the life sciences.
"As the largest cohesive ecosystem on Earth, the oceans can provide us with insights that are crucial not only for the preservation of mankind, but also of our planet", says Edith Heard, EMBL Director General. "EMBL will continue working to gain these vital insights in future, together with the Tara Ocean Foundation and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), among others."
The EMBL stopovers will be:
London, 11─13 June, 2019 (EMBL-EBI)
Hamburg, 16─19 June, 2019 (EMBL Hamburg)
Rome, 12─15 September, 2019 (EMBL Rome)
Marseille, 27 September ─ 2 October, 2019 (EMBL Grenoble)
The stopover in Marseille coincides with the 'EMBL in France' event comprising a tour on the Tara schooner on 29 September, and an EMBL Alumni meeting on 30 September.
Barcelona, 4─9 October, 2019 (EMBL Barcelona).
The stopover coincides with two other events. On 5–6 October, the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB) – where EMBL Barcelona is situated – will be holding its open days. And on 7 October, EMBL Barcelona will be hosting the 'EMBL in Spain' event, organised by EMBL's Alumni Relations team
Mission Microplastics News
From microscopy to mycology, from development to disease modelling, EMBL researchers cover a wide range of topics in the biological sciences.


"Practice Makes A Man Perfect" is a well known phrase and now let me rephrase the proverb from an ERP implementation perspective as "Users' Practice makes an ERP adoption perfect". Here the million dollar question remains, "How to make the end users practice, practice and practice?" We keep pushing them to achieve this while ignoring the main aspect that they do not have the required comfort to practice. The answer should be - Training.
Training gives Comfort; Comfort makes people Practice, Practice results in Extensive Testing which in turn brings out a good ERP adoption process. Training should be one of the key items of the whole implementation process. In a broader way, two important aspects are to be considered while designing the training. 'Stages' - when the trainings are to be conducted and the 'Content' - which carries the value.
Exposure to ERP: At the onset of the implementation process, the users should be exposed to the ERP screens, processes etc. This gives the required inputs and sets expectations about the future system.
Data Extraction & Migration: Data Migration is the soul of an ERP implementation which many a times goes ignored in the initial days of implementation. Exhaustive training enables them to have a proper legacy data extraction to meet the data migration requirements.
Navigations: Before the testing starts, navigation training will help core users to achieve the desired comfort level. The testing periods can be utilized into more testing than guiding them with navigations.
Milestone Based Training: This is the most common format of training. This helps to refresh the users' memories before they enter the testing phases of the project.
Scope: The scope as well as the content should be clearly conveyed to the attendees. This way they can connect in a better way - even get to do the necessary preparations.
Pace: The users will be seeing it for the first time and hence the trainer has to go with a comfortable pace. This will make sure that the attendees are able to accept whatever has been conveyed. This is not just listening; they need to reproduce this during the testing sessions.
Trainer: A specifically designated or an external trainer provides a great value addition to the training.
Avoid Information Overload: The sessions should be crisp and limited to an optimal duration. This will make sure that attendees are not overloaded with too much information.
Train the trainer: Majority of our implementations have training models as 'Train the trainer'. Lack of involvement in the end user training can invite devastation. The implementation team has to make sure that end users receive the adequate information what was conveyed to their Trainers.
Follow Up: This can be in several modes, but the most methodical will be to provide exercises, having a short test or /and a special Q&A session.
Benefits to Reap: The change is a stressful period for end users to transition from legacy comfort to adopting a new ERP. By explaining the add-on benefits to be derived from the ERP, the interest can be revived to adopt it - at every stage of the testing.
Retaining customer loyalty, meeting SLA's, managing increasing expectation of stakeholders within existing financial restraints are few of the challenges business face. Logistics hence, plays important role meeting such needs and provides competitive advantage. Transactional logistics data nowadays is not merely part of repository; it has grown as integral part of business strategy in today's world. If harnessed it can provide the competitive edge businesses around the world eye upon. With ever growing data storage capacity per unit cost, Businesses around the world have huge amount of such data. This data if utilized in strategic manner, can provide Intelligence support to day to day business decision or objective support to future strategies.
Oracle Fusion Transportation Intelligence is one such innovative product which meets such business needs. It's a web based solution which integrates Oracle Products such as Oracle Database , Oracle Data Integrator, Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition & Oracle Transportation Management (OTM).Transactional data residing in OLTP systems (OTM) is fetched into FTI historical repository.The FTI's historical repository act as a datawarehouse & provides information which can be utilized to support various level of decision makings. Organizations need to define and monitor various Key Performance Indicator (KPI's) or Metrics , keeping in mind the strategy , to analyze their business health.
· Revise & keep track of business goals.
· Get alerts based on business events.
In practice , we trigger ETL process ( Extract , Trasform & Load ) from OTM UI. Once triggered , ODI fetches the data from source repository , transforms the data in to denormalized form ( extended star schema ) and finally , pushes data into Historical Database or commonly known as FTI DB. OBIEE ( Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition ) uses Historical Database for reporting purpose.Finally , OBIEE is linked with OTM/GTM products to access FTI from single UI window.
Fusion Transportation Intelligence brings best of the Oracle Products and it's integrated architecture provides flexibility which can be mould to suit existing business best practices.It's highly recommended for the business who looks forward to make best out of existing logistics data.


The Department of Labor (DOL) has issued an "Administrator's Interpretation" to assist employers in determining if a worker is an employee or an independent contractor. The DOL has determined that many employers are incorrectly classifying employees as independent contractors, which can harm the worker and open the employer up to various liabilities. Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut checklist or rule in determining a worker's status. Employers who are unsure about the categorization of workers should consult their legal counsel to review the factors provided by the DOL and its application to a specific situation or worker.
The distinction between employee and independent contractor is important, as employees are entitled to workplace protections such as minimum wage, overtime, and workers' compensation. Furthermore, under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) employees are entitled to health benefits if they work for an applicable large employer and work more than 30 hours a week. The ACA regulations specifically state that independent contractors are not considered a common-law employee for purposes of providing health benefits. Because of the difference in protections offered to employees versus independent contractors, employers must be careful to ensure they do not misclassify an individual. The DOL has found that many employers are also incorrectly labeling someone as an "owner," "partner," or "member of a limited liability company" rather than properly determining if they are an "independent contractor" in order to avoid having to determine the worker's status. The DOL was clear that this is inappropriate, and all workers should have their title and classification properly determined.
The DOL's guidance rests on the fact that when determining employee versus independent contractor, courts use a "multi-factorial 'economic realities' test," which focuses on an individual's economic dependence on an employer or business.
The DOL advised that the economic realities test should be applied in view of the Fair Labor Standards Act's (FSLA) broad scope of employment and the "suffer or permit" standard; and that the economic realities factor guides the determination on whether the worker is truly an independent business or is an economically-dependent employee. The DOL provides a variety of factors that should be weighed to answer these questions. The factors should be considered indicators of the broader concept of economic dependence and should not be used as a checklist.
The DOL's "suffer or permit" standard broadens the scope of employment relationships that are covered by the FLSA and, at its core, finds that an individual is an employee if the individual is economically dependent on the employing entity. The courts look to the economic realities of the relationship, rather than the label the employer gives it. An economically-dependent worker is considered an employee. Someone who is in the business for him or herself is an independent contractor.
For comprehensive information on the factors an employer should consider when determining if an individual is an independent contractor or an employee, download UBA's ACA Advisor, "DOL Issues Guidance on Classification of Independent Contractors".


Have a look at some of the exciting things that we have been getting up to in Year 5!
The following leaflet sets out what the children are expected to be achieving by the end of Year 5. These objectives will be worked towards throughout the year. If you would like any more information about this, please contact Mr. Cousins.


text:
Q: variable from text box won't assign I am creating some code for a school project, and for a module I use later on, I need to know what the intensity to end on(end_intensity) is. When the code is run, the end_intensity still comes out as unassigned, this means that the
if client_intensity == "High":

line is never being run.Can someone please explain why it won't assign .
correct = False

end_intensity = "Unassigned"

while correct != True:
        id_search = input("please enter the Client ID of the client you wish to record results for:")
            # open file, with will automatically close it for you
            with open("text_documents/clientIntensity.txt") as f:
                user_found = False
                # loop over every line
                for line in f:
                    client,intensity = line.split(",")
                    if id_search == client:
                        correct = True
                        user_found = True
                        intensity = str (intensity)
                        client_intensity = intensity
                        #assigns which one is the end intensity
                        if intensity ==  'High':
                                end_intensity = 'Moderate'
                        elif intensity == 'Moderate':
                                end_intensity = 'High'
            if user_found == False:
                print("I'm sorry no results we're found for that ID, please try again\n")

print(end_intensity)

The text document is in this format:

*

*NeQua,High

*ImKol,Moderate

*YoTri,Moderate

(I apologize for the numbers for the text document formatting,stack overflow would only let me show it like that)
Any help would be appreciated,Thanks
Ieuan


Marketing, in simple terms, is promoting your business to potential clients or existing ones to maintain their loyalty.
A lot of entrepreneurs get it wrong when it comes to advertising especially if they are starting out. Here are some reasons why marketing skills are necessary.
Having some skills in marketing will help you target your products to the right audience. It's a bit frustrating at times seeing entrepreneurs post their products for sale in forums that do not use that product. For example, selling vitenges in a WhatsApp group that's made up of high school kids. With market targeting, you're able to know who uses your products and have an idea of where to get them.
Having marketing skills can help you make your product unique and more appealing to would-be buyers. This is because you get first to understand the target audience and what they are looking for. You then get to know that there's something that's not being offered to them the way they want it. That's where you come in and cut a niche for yourself.
The ultimate goal of possessing marketing skills is to enable you to make more sales. Because you know your target and you've made your product unique and so they want it more. That makes you sell more and your marketing skills keep you ahead of the competition.


When it comes to Crooked Hillary Clinton, there are very few instances when any of her views are even remotely understandable. Virtually everything she says is a lie. But even when you take that into account, the issues she is actually transparent and open about are all completely horrifying. When it comes to this corrupt politician, there is no winning.
One of the most appalling stances Hillary has taken is fighting hard to enact stricter surveillance measures on the American people. Under the ridiculous guise of "safety," Clinton has openly supported the idea of infringing on individuals' rights to privacy.
Even when Clinton was basically forced to be critical of the NSA — back in 2015, shortly after the Edward Snowden conflict — she used language and rhetoric that refused to take any side on the issue. As a result, most Americans quickly realized that she was trying to play both sides in order to protect her political standing. She would initially lean towards defending the American people's rights, but would ultimately back the NSA and the surveillance state.
It shouldn't come as much of a surprise, though. After all, she was quoted as saying, "How much is too much? And how much is not enough? That's the hard part," in regards to the amount of power the NSA should have. There's no doubt that she believes that government organizations should have more control, power and resources than the country's citizens. Politicians like Hillary believe that they own us — they believe that they're above the law — so they continue to expand their own power by weakening ours.
This is a classic authoritarian leftist maneuver. Trying to suppress the rights of the people by pretending they're doing it for our own good is shady and condescending. People like Clinton clearly think we're all stupid enough to fall for this. Should she unfortunately be elected this fall, we're all in serious danger of being spied on everywhere we go.


I'd like to write to localStorage often. I'd also like to write to it synchronously in response to user interaction.
Past wisdom says this is a bad idea and will give me Angry Users Syndrome very quickly. Bad ideas are fun though, so let's see how much of a bad idea it is.
TL;DR: It's not a bad idea for (at least) the latest Firefox, WebKit, and Chromium browsers. localStorage.setItem and localStorage.getItem access fast in-memory data structures and updating the disk is done asynchronously in the background.
To get an idea of what we're looking at, let's take a quick dip into Firefox's source code (you can follow along on GitHub). I'm starting from the top of the C++ implementation of localstorage.setItem which is at DOMStorage::SetItem in dom/storage/DOMStorage.cpp. There's nothing interesting in that function, but one layer deeper at DOMStorageCache::SetItem in dom/storage/DOMStorageCache.cpp we get something interesting.
// twiddle our thumbs for a bit.
// data, so this is blazing fast.
// Update the in-memory hash table.
// Asynchonously update the disk.
The corresponding localStorage.getItem implementation is even simpler and just accesses that hash table (it's in the same file if you want to take a look).
So to summarize: whenever we access localStorage we're accessing a hash table and we're not going to block on the disk, unless we haven't finished the initial preload.
This is nice news and I like this, but there's quite a few browsers out there. Let's take a look at Chromium next (follow along on Google Code).
// the priming the cache.
// structure that lets you do this operation in O(log n) time.
// Ignore mutations to 'key' until OnSetItemComplete.
// Asynchronously update the disk.
The corresponding localStorage.getItem implementation just accesses the std::map object.
To summarize: Chromium behaves the same as Firefox except that it does not seem to preload the cache until you hit local storage for the first time.
WebKit seems like a good next target (github). Storage::setItem in Source/WebCore/storage/Storage.cpp is the top of the implementation, and it does have something interesting for once. We can see that private browsing mode kills localStorage. Burying deeper down though we see a similar story at StorageAreaMap::setItem in Source/WebKit2/WebProcess/Storage/StorageAreaMap.cpp.
I'm not going to paste the code here because it's basically the same as the above two. There's the wait on the preload, then an access to an in-memory data structure (a hash table this time), and then an asynchronous call to update the disk.
It would be a good idea to go back through the git history of the three repositories I've been looking at to see when they became super fast. I'd also like to do some testing to Internet Explorer to try and figure out if its implementation is also fast. I'll leave that to another post though.


text:
Q: Javascript var being released early I have a function I have used multiple times but in this one case of modifying, I seem to be missing something. I have a var listHTML that I am using as a base to append HTML to so I can update the HTML of a div after the for loop completes, but for whatever reason, the var's value is NULL after the for loop completes. I thought creating the reference to the var outside of the loop before the loop runs was enough to keep it in memory until the conclusion of the function...guess not.
Code:
var listHTML = '';

    for(var j = 0; j < arr.length; j++)
    {
        var product = arr[j].split(",");
        var key = product[1];

        $.ajax({
            url:"http://domain.com/dir/get.php?key="+encodeURIComponent(key),
            dataType: 'jsonp',
            success:function(json){

                var i = 0;

                while(json[i])
                {
                    listHTML += '
';
                    listHTML += '

';
                    listHTML += '
'+json[i]["title"]+'
';
                    listHTML += '
<input type="number" id="'+key+'" value="'+product[0]+'"/>
';
                    listHTML += '

';
                    listHTML += '
';

                    i++;
                }

                console.log(listHTML);

            },
            error:function(){
                alert("Error");
            },
        });

    }

    console.log(listHTML);

When console.log is run inside the for loop, it returns the proper value I'd expect, but the one at the end of the function outside the for loop returns null.

A: Your ajax success callback gets called sometime later AFTER your function finishes.  The "A" in Ajax stands for asynchronous.
Therefore listHTML has not been touched when your function finishes.  You need to modify listHTML inside the success callback function and use it there or pass it to another function as an argument that you call from within the success callback.  You can't use it outside the success handler in the way you are trying to.


text:
27-SEP-2016: The Hindi Implementation Committee, Aligarh Muslim University recently organized a 'Hindi-Week' Programme at the Department of Hindi, AMU.
During the week-long programme competitions of essay writing, official letter writing, technical terminology knowledge and extempore speech events were held.
Inaugurating the programme, Professor Hari Mohan, Vice Chancellor, J S University, Shikohabad said that Hindi language is not only flexible but also easy to speak. He added that film and technology is playing a major role in the development of Hindi language today.
AMU Vice Chancellor, Lt General Zameer Uddin Shah (retd) said that if a language has to become a lingua-franca, it has to be easy in speaking.
He added that AMU's Department of Hindi, since its beginning is playing a very important role in promoting and developing the Hindi language.
Professor Sheikh Mastan, Dean Faculty of Arts said that even though he belongs to a non-Hindi speaking state, but he has always been well versed in the Hindi language. He further urged students to learn other Indian languages too.
Earlier, Prof Abdul Aleem, Secretary, Hindi Implementation Committee and Chairman, Department of Hindi welcomed the guests. Dr Shahul Hameed proposed the vote of thanks and Dr Mairaj Ahmad conducted the programme.
While distributing prizes to the winners of various competitions held during the week-long programme, AMU Pro Vice Chancellor, Brigadier S Ahmad Ali (retd) said that Hindi is the language, which is playing an important role in maintaining the unity and integrity of India.
In his presidential remarks, retired Professor, Dr Budhsen Sharma said that with the development in the Hindi language, the world is recognizing the importance of Hindi to make it a global language. He further said that this can be seen in the interest of non-Hindi speaking people, who are willing to learn the language.
Dr Devendra Gupta conducted the closing ceremony.
Winner of Hindi Week programme with guest