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Justia Lawyer Directory DUI Colorado Parachute Attorneys
Parachute, Colorado DUI Lawyers
Brandon U. Luna Esq.
Grand Junction, CO DUI Attorney with 15 years experience
102 North 4th Street, Unit 105
Free ConsultationDUI, Criminal, Domestic Violence and Juvenile
Brandon U. Luna's strategically placed firm in Delta County, Colorado is able to serve residents of Mesa, Pitkin, Montrose, Gunnison, Garfield, and San Miguel Counties. He has handled over 5000 criminal cases as a former Deputy District Attorney and now offers his experience to you as a Criminal Defense Attorney. He started Luna Law to help good people who have made a mistake navigate through the confusing and often scary criminal justice system. As a small town law firm, Luna Law is also well equipped to handle other legal services, such as wills, contract law, or simple consultation.
Heidi Taylor Troxell
Glenwood Springs, CO DUI Lawyer with 12 years experience
(970) 930-5590	PO Box 1487
DUI, Criminal, Divorce and Family
Before entering private practice, Heidi Troxell spent seven years at the Colorado Public Defender's Office representing clients charged with all manner of felonies and misdemeanors. Ms. Troxell has negotiated thousands of cases, conducted 40+ jury trials, drafted and argued countless motions, and defended clients against everything from DUI's to homicides and sex offenses. She has also negotiated multiple dismissals and deferred sentences. Being charged with a crime can be an embarrassing and stressful experience. Through plea negotiation, cases are often resolved quickly and quietly. However, in some cases justice can only be achieved by going to...
Angela Marie Roff
Glenwood Springs, CO DUI Attorney with 19 years experience
(970) 928-0970	817 Colorado Ave
DUI, Business, Criminal and Divorce
Continuing to serve the needs of our clients with a strong foundation in broad legal experience coupled with personal attention.
Edward J Nugent
(970) 245-4617	405 Ridges Blvd
DUI, Appeals, Business and Criminal
Mark Samuel Rubinstein
Carbondale, CO DUI Lawyer with 29 years experience
Carbondale, CO 81623
Free ConsultationDUI, Criminal, Personal Injury and Traffic Tickets
I have been practicing law for over twenty years. I have a unique background in that I have substantial experience in both Criminal Law, Personal Injury & Divorce / Family Law. With regard to my Criminal Practice, I have handled several hundred cases including felony drug cases, white collar crime, DUI/DWI/DWAI/DUID cases, Domestic Violence and any number of any traffic cases. I spent several years working within the Denver Drug Court, which handles only felony drug crimes. With regard to my Civil Personal Injury Practice, at one time, I...
Joseph A Ditlow
DUI, Criminal, Divorce and Traffic Tickets
A native Coloradan, I was born and raised in Boulder where I attended Fairview High School. In 2001, I graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. I received a Bachelor of Science degree in History. My first assignment was at Vance Air Force Base in Enid Oklahoma. While there, I attended flight school; and, through a twist of fate, I found myself working in the Judge Advocate Office as a Legal Assistance Clerk. I immediately fell in love with the law, especially the human interaction aspects. In 2003 I...
Leslie J. Castro
(970) 245-0989	101 S. 3rd St., Suite 300
DUI, Criminal and Domestic Violence
Ryan Henry Esplin
(970) 245-9227	2139 N. 12th Street, Suite 10
Mr Aaron Norris
Grand Junction, CO DUI Lawyer with 14 years experience
(970) 241-1564	1525 Poplar Dr
Free ConsultationDUI, Business, Criminal and Domestic Violence
Kip O'Connor
(970) 384-1000	817 Colorado Avenue
DUI and Criminal
Kip O'Connor was raised in a military family with a strong tradition of military service. Both of Kip's Grandfathers, his Father and two uncles were all career Naval Officers.
Kip Graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1989 and was commissioned an Officer in the United States Navy. He served in the United States Navy as a Naval Warfare Officer for seven years. After leaving the Navy, Kip worked as a chemical engineering, where he developed and interest in the study of law.
In 2000, Kip graduated from University of Baltimore School of Law with...
Kimberly Van Dyke
Grand Junction, CO DUI Lawyer
(970) 628-1640	102 N. 4th Street
DUI, Criminal and Workers' Comp
Stephen Laiche
(970) 245-8021	422 White Ave
Catherine Burkey
(970) 241-1924	225 N 5th St
DUI, Criminal, Divorce and Estate Planning
Kenneth Duane Noel
(415) 487-1000	202 North Ave
DUI, Criminal, Environmental and Personal Injury
Univ of Chicago Law School
Walter Brown III
DUI, Criminal and Real Estate
William Kain Iii
Grand Junction, CO DUI Attorney
DUI, Business, Criminal and Personal Injury
Kenneth Henry Jaynes
(970) 945-0494	201 8th St
Jamie Kreiling Esq
(970) 245-4601	725 Rood Ave
Thomas Duncan Silverman
DUI, Bankruptcy, Criminal and Personal Injury
Thomas LaCroix
Courtney Edwards
Edwards, CO DUI Lawyer with 6 years experience
(970) 845-7090	56 Edwards Village Blvd.
Ste 121, Unit 1
University of Wyoming College of Law
Courtney Edwards graduated from the University of Wyoming College of Law in May of 2013, with honors, and is a member of the Order of the Coif. During law school she was an active member of the board for the student bar association, the Potter Law Club, and a member of Wyoming Law Students for Equal Justice.
After graduating, Courtney worked as a Deputy District Attorney in Eagle, Colorado, prosecuting traffic, misdemeanor, and felony cases. During her time with the District Attorney's Office, Courtney acted as the prosecutorial representative on the local Access to Justice Committee as well as the...
Taggart Harrison Howard
Vail, CO DUI Lawyer with 19 years experience
Free ConsultationDUI, Business, Collections and Criminal
Taggart Howard began his legal career working for the Office of the District Attorney in the Fifth Judicial District in April of 1998. As a Deputy District Attorney for the Fifth Judicial District, Mr. Howard gained extensive trial experience. He managed the largest felony docket in the District which involved warrant approval, advisements, motions hearings, jury trials and sentencing hearings. He was in charge of the juvenile docket and worked closely with juveniles and their families for positive change. He also managed a large county court docket which included misdemeanors like domestic violence, wildlife crimes and traffic offenses like...
Jessica Anna Ryan
Steamboat Springs , CO DUI Lawyer with 14 years experience
(970) 819-1981	941 Lincoln Avenue
Steamboat Springs , CO 80477
I am a mediator and a courtroom litigator. My practice includes domestic relations law (divorce, adoption, restraining orders/protection orders, guardianship, allocation of paternal rights, custody disputes, modification of court orders), criminal defense, (DUI/DUID, restraining/protection orders, assault, theft), and business (litigation of contract disputes, LLC formations) and estate matters (Wills/probate litigation).
James Frazier
Snowmass Village, CO DUI Lawyer with 4 years experience
Snowmass Village, CO 81615
DUI, Criminal, Traffic Tickets and White Collar Crime
Attorney James Frazier received his J.D. from the University of Colorado Law School after receiving a bachelor's of science in biopsychology from the University of Michigan. Mr. Frazier worked with the 4th Judicial District Attorney's Office in Colorado Springs and clerked for the 1st and 18th Judicial District Courts in Jefferson and Arapahoe counties.
Attorney James Frazier has experience with family and criminal law matters ranging from allocation of parental responsibility to first degree murder. That experience is the result of James Frazier's hard work and extensive knowledge about Colorado's state courts.
James feels privileged to apply his legal acumen to...
Justin Michael Bawden
Steamboat Springs, CO DUI Lawyer with 9 years experience
(970) 638-3879	PO Box 772208
DUI, Criminal and Juvenile
Justin grew up in a small ranching community in central Montana, earned a Bachelor's Degree in Criminology from U of M, and graduated Cum Laude from The Thomas M. Cooley Law School in Lansing Michigan.
A search for a prominent public defender system and his love for the mountains returned Justin to the west and introduced him to Colorado. Justin defended clients in the Colorado Springs Public Defenders Office for nearly five years before transferring to the Arapahoe County Office in Denver.
A long-dormant passion for teaching led Justin to a year teaching high school at...
John P. Van Ness
Carbondale, CO DUI Attorney with 46 years experience
(970) 923-2500	353 Stagecoach Lane
Free ConsultationDUI, Appeals and Criminal
Based in the Aspen-Glenwood Springs area and specializing in the practice of criminal law in Western Colorado since 1973.
William John Fahres
Oak Creek, CO DUI Lawyer with 50 years experience
(970) 736-0842	31105 Fallen Falcon Trail
Oak Creek, CO 80467
DUI, Criminal and Personal Injury
Golden Gate Univ School of Law
Burton Levin
Edwards, CO DUI Lawyer with 24 years experience
Paul Taddune
Aspen, CO DUI Attorney with 39 years experience
(970) 925-9190	323 W Main St
DUI, Business, Criminal and Estate Planning
Phil Klingsmith
Gunnison, CO DUI Attorney with 41 years experience
Gunnison, CO 81230
Hugh Wise III
Aspen, CO DUI Lawyer with 51 years experience
(970) 925-5996	1280 Ute Ave
DUI, Criminal, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Arnold Philip Mordkin
Snowmass Village, CO DUI Attorney with 57 years experience
(970) 923-5797	P O Box 6940
DUI, Criminal, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Richard Cummins
(303) 920-2310	450 S Galena St
John Krupa
Montrose, CO DUI Lawyer with 25 years experience
(970) 240-9977	21162 S Hwy 550
Montrose, CO 81401
DUI, Bankruptcy, Business and Criminal
Douglas T. Cohen
Denver, CO DUI Attorney with 23 years experience
(720) 445-9779	600 Grant St.
Free ConsultationDUI, Criminal, Divorce and Domestic Violence
University of Missouri - Columbia
I am here to listen and help you with your criminal and family law issues.
I take pride in getting to know about my clients and their lives, so the prosecution and courts don't just treat them like a number. I don't shuffle my clients off to younger associates. I personally handle all my cases. I am a zealous and passionate advocate for all my clients, many of whom stay in contact with me after their cases are completed.
After graduating college, I worked as an investigative reporting covering police and courts, including major criminal and civil cases...
Mr. H. Michael Steinberg
Greenwood Village, CO DUI Attorney with 37 years experience
(303) 627-7777	5445 DTC Pkwy Penthouse 4
University of Oregon School of Law
Former Career Senior Deputy District Attorney - Prosecutor for Arapahoe and Douglas Counties, the largest jurisdiction in Colorado. 13 years as a Colorado Arapahoe - Douglas County Senior Career Trial District Attorney - the last 22 years as a Colorado Criminal Defense Lawyer. I have specialized in Colorado Criminal Law for over 35 years. I have been in a courtroom nearly every one of those days - almost every single day.
I have handled tens of thousands of cases over the last three plus decades and I love what I do. Whether you need a heart surgeon,...
Laurie Ann Schmidt
(303) 747-4686	600 Grant Street Suite 201
Whittier Coll School of Law and Harvard Law School
We strive to provide high quality representation for clients experiencing family law issues or who faces criminal charges. I have developed this firm to be a resource and ally in navigating a very complex legal system. I started my courtroom career as a deputy district attorney representing the county of Riverside, California. When I made the decision to leave the district attorney's office I had the knowledge of an insider on how a district attorney would view and consider cases. I have represented and tried many different types of cases from DUI-aclohol, DUI-drugs, marijuana impairment, domestic...
Kenneth Eichner
Denver, CO DUI Lawyer with 33 years experience
(303) 837-9800	3773 Cherry Creek North Drive
West Tower, Suite 900
Free ConsultationDUI, Criminal, Domestic Violence and White Collar Crime
Antioch School of Law
Kenneth F. Eichner, one of Colorado's premier criminal defense lawyers, has practiced in the county, state, and federal courts for more than 25 years. Ken has tried 140 jury trials to verdict, earning him recognition as one of the American Trial Lawyers Association's Top 100 Trial Lawyers. Regardless of the severity of the charge from a DUI in county court to fraud in federal court, Ken provides the expertise his clients need to make the best choice in deciding whether to go to trial or make a deal. For Ken and his team of relentless investigators, determined legal researchers, and...
Walker Fults
Boulder, CO DUI Attorney with 7 years experience
(303) 818-6011	1942 Broadway
Walker Fults represents a select clientele of individuals who have been charged with crimes in Boulder, Denver, and the surrounding areas. He treats every case as if it will go to trial. Taking an aggressive approach at the outset allows him to uncover every detail that could contribute to a positive outcome for his clients' cases. Where some lawyers settle on the prosecutor's terms, Walker Fults has successfully obtained Not Guilty verdicts at trial and had cases dismissed outright. Walker Fults doesn't stop working for his client until he's gotten the absolute best result.
Before opening his own law practice, Mr....
Littleton, CO DUI Attorney with 41 years experience
(303) 795-0662	1901 W Littleton Blvd
Free ConsultationDUI, Criminal, Family and Traffic Tickets
DUI Lawyers in Nearby Cities
DUI Lawyers in Nearby Counties
Cannabis & Marijuana Law
Arrested or charged with a DUI or DWI?
Driving under the influence (DUI) means operating a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol or drugs that have impaired a person's mental or motor skills. In most states, a person will be considered "impaired" if they exhibit objective signs of intoxication, or if they have a blood alcohol content of .08 or higher. Many states also have zero tolerance laws for drivers under 21, where any non-zero BAC level constitutes an offense. Most states also hold commercial drivers, such as truck drivers, to a more rigorous standard.
Law enforcement officers use a variety of tests, such as field sobriety tests and breathalyzers, to determine whether a driver is impaired by alcohol. In some jurisdictions, you have a right to refuse some of these tests, but in other jurisdictions you may be required to submit to them. It is important to know the law in your particular state, and to consult a DUI attorney if you are facing charges.
DUI lawyers are criminal defense attorneys focused on representing clients facing DUI/DWI/OWI charges. Each state has different DUI laws. An experienced DUI lawyer will be able to evaluate the case against you and present your options on how to best limit the impact of the charges against you. DUI lawyers also handle related cases such as driver's license reinstatement and DUI record expungement.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC): The percentage of alcohol in a person's blood.
Field Sobriety Test: Any one of several roadside tests that can be used to determine whether a driver is impaired.


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En estadística, la moda es el valor que aparece con mayor frecuencia en un conjunto de datos. Esto va en forma de una columna cuando encontremos dos modas, es decir, dos datos que tengan la misma frecuencia absoluta máxima. Una distribución trimodal de los datos es en la que encontramos tres modas. En el caso de la distribución uniforme discreta, cuando todos los datos tienen una misma frecuencia, se puede definir las modas como indicado, pero estos valores no tienen utilidad. Por eso algunos matemáticos califican esta distribución como «sin moda».

El intervalo modal es el de mayor frecuencia absoluta. Cuando tratamos con datos agrupados antes de definir la moda, se ha de definir el intervalo modal.

La moda, cuando los datos están agrupados, es un punto que divide al intervalo modal en dos partes de la forma p y c-p, siendo c la amplitud del intervalo, que verifiquen que:

Siendo la frecuencia absoluta del intervalo de la moda las frecuencias absolutas de los intervalos anterior y posterior, respectivamente, al intervalo modal.

Modo de una muestra
El modo de una muestra es el elemento que aparece con más frecuencia en la colección. Por ejemplo, el modo de la muestra [1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 12, 12, 17] es 6. Dada la lista de datos [1, 1, 2, 4, 4] su modo no es único. En tal caso, se dice que un conjunto de datos es bimodal, mientras que un conjunto con más de dos modos puede describirse como multimodal.

Para una muestra de una distribución continua, como [0,935..., 1,211..., 2,430..., 3,668..., 3,874...], el concepto es inutilizable en su forma bruta, ya que no habrá dos valores exactamente iguales, por lo que cada valor ocurrirá precisamente una vez. Para estimar la moda de la distribución subyacente, la práctica habitual consiste en discretizar los datos asignando valores de frecuencia a intervalos de igual distancia, como para hacer un histograma, sustituyendo de hecho los valores por los puntos medios de los
intervalos a los que están asignados. La moda es entonces el valor en el que el histograma alcanza su punto máximo. Para muestras pequeñas o medianas, el resultado de este procedimiento es sensible a la elección del ancho del intervalo si se elige demasiado estrecho o demasiado ancho; normalmente se debería tener una fracción considerable de los datos concentrados en un número relativamente pequeño de intervalos (de 5 a 10), mientras que la fracción de los datos que caen fuera de estos intervalos también es considerable. Un enfoque alternativo es la estimación de densidad kernel, que esencialmente difumina muestras puntuales para producir una estimación continua de la función de densidad de probabilidad que puede proporcionar una estimación de la moda.

El siguiente ejemplo de código MATLAB (o Octave) calcula la moda de una muestra:

X = sort(x); % x es un conjunto de datos de vectores de columnas
índices = find(diff([X; realmax]) > 0); % índices donde los valores repetidos cambian
[modeL,i] = max (diff([0; índices])); % longitud de persistencia más larga de los valores repetidos
mode = X(índices(i));

El algoritmo requiere como primer paso ordenar la muestra en orden ascendente. A continuación, calcula la derivada discreta de la lista ordenada y encuentra los índices en los que esta derivada es positiva. A continuación calcula la derivada discreta de este conjunto de índices, localizando el máximo de esta derivada de índices, y finalmente evalúa la muestra ordenada en el punto donde se produce ese máximo, que corresponde al último miembro del tramo de valores repetidos.

Uso
A diferencia de la media y la mediana, el concepto de moda también tiene sentido para " datos nominales" (es decir, que no consisten en valores numéricos en el caso de la media, ni siquiera en valores ordenados en el caso de la mediana). Por ejemplo, si tomamos una muestra de Nombre de familia coreano, podríamos encontrar que "Kim" aparece con más frecuencia que cualquier otro nombre. Entonces, "Kim" sería la moda de la muestra. En cualquier sistema de votación en el que una pluralidad determina la victoria, un único valor modal determina el vencedor, mientras que un resultado multimodal requeriría algún procedimiento de desempate.

A diferencia de la mediana, el concepto de moda tiene sentido para cualquier variable aleatoria que asuma valores de un espacio vectorial, incluidos los números realess (un espacio vectorial de unadimensión) y los enteross (que pueden considerarse incrustados en los reales). Por ejemplo, una distribución de puntos en el plano suele tener una media y una moda, pero no se aplica el concepto de mediana. La mediana tiene sentido cuando hay un orden lineal en los valores posibles. Las generalizaciones del concepto de mediana a espacios de mayor dimensión son la mediana geométrica y el punto central.

Unicidad y definición

Para algunas distribuciones de probabilidades, el valor esperado puede ser infinito o indefinido, pero si está definido, es único. La media de una muestra (finita) siempre está definida. La mediana es el valor tal que las fracciones que no la superan y que no caen por debajo de ella son al menos 1/2 cada una. No es necesariamente única, pero nunca infinita o totalmente indefinida. Para una muestra de datos, es el valor "a medio camino" cuando la lista de valores se ordena en valor creciente, mientras que normalmente para una lista de longitud par se toma la media numérica de los dos valores más próximos a "medio camino". Por último, como ya se ha dicho, la moda no es necesariamente única. Ciertas distribuciones patológicas (por ejemplo, la distribución de Cantor) no tienen modo definido en absoluto. Para una muestra de datos finita, la moda es uno (o más) de los valores de la muestra.

Moda de datos agrupados

Para obtener la moda en datos agrupados se usa la siguiente fórmula:

Donde:

 = Límite inferior de la clase modal.

 = es la diferencia entre la frecuencia absoluta modal y la frecuencia absoluta premodal.

 = es la diferencia entre la frecuencia absoluta modal y la frecuencia absoluta postmodal.

 = Amplitud del intervalo modal

Propiedades

Sus principales propiedades son:
Cálculo sencillo.
Interpretación muy clara.
Al depender sólo de las frecuencias, puede calcularse para variables cualitativas. Es por ello el parámetro más utilizado cuando al resumir una población no es posible realizar otros cálculos, por ejemplo, cuando se enumeran en medios periodísticos las características más frecuentes de determinado sector social. Esto se conoce informalmente como "retrato robot".

Inconvenientes

Su valor es independiente de la mayor parte de los datos, lo que la hace muy sensible a variaciones muestrales. Por otra parte, en variables agrupadas en intervalos, su valor depende excesivamente del número de intervalos y de su amplitud
Usa muy pocas observaciones, de tal modo que grandes variaciones en los datos fuera de la moda, no afectan en modo alguno a su valor.
No siempre se sitúa hacia el centro de la distribución.
Puede haber más de una moda en el caso en que dos o más valores de la variable presenten la misma frecuencia (distribuciones bimodales o multimodales).

Véase también

 Frecuencia
 Frecuencia estadística
 Media (intervalo)
 Mediana
 Parámetro estadístico
 Valor esperado
 Medidas de tendencia central

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Tipos de moda estadística (Unimodal, Bimodal, Multimodal)
  Simulación de la moda de una variable discreta con R (lenguaje de programación)
 Cálculo de la Moda en datos agrupados usando R
A Guide to Understanding & Calculating the Mode

 Mean, Median and Mode short beginner video from Khan Academy

Estadística descriptiva
Medias

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Like every year, this year Diwali was a big dhamaka for the Bollywood stars. Several bollywood actresses looked stunning and shone brighter in their traditional Indian outfits. Every actress was seen wearing traditional ethnic attire for the big Diwali bash with sparkling jewelries and accessories. It's quite difficult to say who won the best Diwali outfit crown, but Aishwariya, Kareena and Sonam grabbed everyone's attention with their graceful attire.
Aishwariya Rai Bachchan – This Diwali, bachchan family hosted a big bash for all the A-list Bollywood celebrities and the hosting couple was none other than Aishwariya rai and Abhishek.
Aishwariya decked up in beautiful finery at her family's Diwali party. This bachchan bahu grabbed everyone eyeballs with her gorgeous and stunning designer anarkali with matching diamond and emerald jewellery. The pink and green intricately embroidered and embellished anarkali was designed by the top Indian designer Manish Malhotra. This Bollywood diva looked lovely, as usual.
Kareena Kapoor Khan – For Kareena also, Diwali is a big festival to celebrate with the family and close friends.
This Diwali, the glamorous actress celebrated the festival of lights in a beautiful navy blue and golden Lehenga with the blue crop top. She was the perfect begum in embellished blue traditional outfit from Sabyasachi. She tied her hair up do and wore a beautiful piece of antique jewelry of Amrapali to match her traditional outfit. We just loved the way she carried her graceful ethnic look.
Sonam Kapoor – Sonam Kapoor also threw the big Diwali party for the B-Town celebrities at her home. We all know that Sonam kapoor has an immaculate sense of fashion, which is not restricted to only western wear.
For this big Diwali bash, Sonam Kapoor wore the white sari by Anamika Khanna. The sari was divine and graceful at the same time. To match best with the outfit, she wore heavy earrings, choke and a layered necklace along with silver juttis that completed her traditional Indian look.
Apart from these three, several other Bollywood actresses too graced the bash. They were dressed to their stunning best to celebrate Diwali with full Joy & Josh this year.
For more fashion and style updates, Like us on Facebook.


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Countries Of The World – General & Geographic Knowledge Atlas
Countries Of The World - General & Geographic Knowledge Atlas
As per the Base Atlas plus collections of sub-branches with single links to official / definitive / plain old useful General and Geographic knowledge resources about each ISO3166-1 country of the world. (Published Nov 2021)
Description & Buy
Knowledge Seed Branches
Knowledge Link Collections
Our Countries of the World – General & Geographic Atlas builds on the knowledge framework provided by our ISO3166-1 Countries Of The World – Base Atlas through the addition of collections of sub-branches off of the country seed branch, each with a single hyperlink to official / definitive / plain old useful General or Geographic knowledge resources about it found in the public domian…
General Knowledge Resource Link Collection – This includes the country's page(s) for BBC News, CIA World Fact Book & World Leaders & Cabinet Members Directory, ISO Online Portal, Wikipedia Category & Main Article, Portal & Outline, and those produced by the United Nations Staistics Division.
Geographic Knowledge Resource Link Collection – This includes online mapping services like Google Maps and Open Street Map (with a summary of all available services on GeoHack), static map libraries from the United Nations Geospatial Division & agencies (eg. UNITAR) and WikiMedia Commons Atlas of the World, as well as the Wikipedia Geography Sub-Category & Main Article.
A selection of the most fundamental / useful of these general & geographic links (ie. not all) are the ones that have been attached to the country seed branches themselves to create – alongside those for the UN defined Macro Geographical (Continental) Regions And Sub-Regions – the 'bigger picture' visual framework that is the atlas basemap for all our 'countries of the world' knowledg maps.
This map is the ideal starting point for 'thumb & brain friendly' desktop (or even 'in the field') research for anyone with an interest in specific countries of the world.
For MindManager users, as with all our maps, it is also both a base map to add their own content to, or a source of content that can be added to their own existing maps.
Explore the other tabs for comprehensive descriptions of the knowledge seed branches and knowledge link collections that make up this knowledge atlas map….
Return to All Tabs top...
26,001 Total map branches
26,001 Total hyperlinks to public domain knowledge resources
29 Macro geographic region & sub-region seed branches
249 ISO3166-1 country seed branches
View sample HTML5 map full screen
View a sample of this HTML knowledge map as a stand-alone webpage in a new browser tab - it may take a few seconds to load, please be patient 🙂
Knowledge seed branches provide a 'base level' of contextual knowledge about the subject embedded within, or attached to, them in the form of…
Image [Embedded] – Such as thumbnail location maps, flags, icons, people profile pictures etc., which provide a unique visual element that users can instantly latch on to as they navigate their way through the map.
Branch Text [Embedded] – Rich (ie. variably formatted) branch text – such as names & unique identifying codes (taken from official sources) – is a unique MindManager feature.
Branch Note [Attached] – Contains supplementary information with all the elements of a word processed page – variably formatted ('rich') text, tables and images.
Spreadsheet Table / Chart [Embedded] – Containing contextual facts & figures, which can be toggled between table and chart view as appropriate (once again unique to MindManager).
Multiple Single Data Fields [Embedded] – Another way of adding contextual facts & figures to the map (once again unique to MindManager), these are like single cells in a spreadsheet and the values can be used to format the topic.
Index Marker Tags [Attached] – Arranged in groups and added to individual branches as appropriate, tags add contextual knowledge, enable map filtering and navigation.
Multiple Hyperlinks [Attached] – Another unique feature, multiple links to a range of official definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources about the subject of the seed branch – usually selected from the full range of general & geographic knowledge resource collections – help turn the map into a knowledge portal without adding to the visual clutter.
All the seed branches and their associated embedded / attached contextual knowledge elements used in this map are described in detail below…
UN GeoScheme Macro Geographic (Continental) Region Seed Branch
Though the main focus of this knowledge atlas is 'countries of the world', they exist in a wider geographic, and geo-political, context. Thus rather than just arranging the country knowledge seed branches alphabetically by name – which is problematic for non-English speakers and ultimately just not a very useful logial structure for a knowledge atlas map – they are arranged according to macro-geographic regions ('continents') and sub-regions.
The United Nations Geoscheme (M49) standard 'Geoscheme' is the one that assigns the 249 countries and territories of the world (defined by the ISO3166-1 international standard) to 6 macro-regions and 22 sub-regions. It was devised by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) based on the M49 coding classification (the standard that provides the numerical part of the code for ISO3166).
From the Methodology for Geographic Region codes (M49) web page…
"The list of geographic regions presents the composition of geographical regions used by the Statistics Division in its publications and databases. Each country or area is shown in one region only. These geographic regions are based on continental regions; which are further subdivided into sub-regions and intermediary regions drawn as to obtain greater homogeneity in sizes of population, demographic circumstances and accuracy of demographic statistics.
The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations."
Thus the knowledge seed branches for the macro-geographic regions & sub-regions create the main framework structure of this knowledge atlas within which the country seed branches sit. The knowledge resources embedded within, or attached to, those seed branches are described in detail below…
Contextual Knowledge Resources
MindManager provides an unparalleled range of 'information cartography' functionality that enables contextual knowledge to be embedded and attached to map branches in multiple ways…
Image: Flag & Thumbnail Location Map
All maps shows the coloured region within an otherwise greyscale world map with individual country borders. Each region & sub-regions have distinct but common colour schemes e.g. all AFRICA sub-regions are green.
i) We include thumbnail location maps on geographic area seed topics where possible to aid instant user identification and place it in spatial context. They may be sourced from maps freely available in the public domain, or created by us especially from public domain spatial data using GIS or other software tools.
ii) All images used in our maps are always optimised to minimise the file sizes.
Title: Official Name & Unique Identifying Codes
These are meticulously taken from official sources to ensure unambiguous identification of the country and easy cross-referencing with other data sources, especially GIS databases…
UN GEOSCHEME REGION NAME
(Official UN GeoScheme (M49) Code)
i) Further information on the region / sub-region names & codes can be foiund on the Methodology for Geographic Region codes (M49) page of the UN Statistical Division's (UNdata) website. It helpfully also contains the region, sub-region & country names in all the official lanuages of the UN – English, Chinese, Russian, French, Spanish & Arabic.
Embedded Data Fields: Region 'Facts & Figures''
Single data fields embedded in the seed branch are another unique MindManager feature. They provide quick reference of useful stats, saving the user the time and effort of looking them up in the linked knowledge resources. These are taken from the official UNdata stats where available, or the CIA World Fact Book, or Wikipedia.
The data fields embeded in this seed topic are…
*REGION ALL Countries – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official countries in the region (automatically calculated from the values in other data fields embedded in the sub-region sub-branches using MindManager's unique 'autocalc' feature).
*REGION Sovereign States – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official sovereign states in the region (automatically calculated from the values in other data fields embedded in the sub-region sub-branches using MindManager's unique 'autocalc' feature).
*REGION Non-Sovereign States – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official non-sovereign states in the region (automatically calculated from the values in other data fields embedded in the sub-region sub-branches using MindManager's unique 'autocalc' feature).
REGION Surface Area (sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in theUNdata stats
REGION Population (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats, estimated to the nearest 1000
REGION Pop Density (per sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats (ie. not calculated by us from the Surface Area and Population data)
i) This embedded feature can be hidden / shown by clicking the green toggle arrow just above the top right corner of the embedded feature.
ii) Data fields are like single cells in spreadsheets..
The data can be numeric or text.
Numeric data values in fields can be calculated from other fields, either in the same branch or in other branches in the map. Formulas that define the values are built using MindManager's unique 'Autocalc' feature.
The values in data fields may be used to control aspects of the visual formatting (eg. colour or shape) of the seed branch using Mindmanager's 'Smart Rules' feature (again unique).
iii) Fields marked with an *asterisk above (in bold with the gear icon in the embedded fields in the branch in the map) are calculated from the values of data fields in sub-branches using MindManager's unique 'auto-calculation' feature.
iv) UN data is taken from the official UN Statistics Division (UNData) regional data statstics. These are updated and published online annually.
Index Marker Tags & Groups: Various
Arranged in groups and attached to branches as required, index marker tags…
provide additional contextual knowledge about the seed branch, visiable to all users.
enable dynamic filtering of the map content to only show / hide branches that have been tagged with the selected marker
The inder marker tags attached to this seed topic are from the following groups…
GEO – UN Geoscheme – Region is tagged with it's own tag from the Geoscheme tag group, which may also be used on other branches in the map.
GEO – REGION – UN Geoscheme (Numeric) – Just the numeric code part of the UN Geoscheme listing. Note this code is defined as part of the UN Staistics Division M49 standard rather than in ISO3166.
i) The names of the marker tag groups are prefixed acccording to the 'type' of marker tags they contain..
GEO – prefix indicates geographic tags, usually areas of some kind, often in a hierarchy eg. UN Geoscheme regions, sub-regions, countries, states, counties, communities etc. The names of GEO tags incorporate the official ID codes as well as names, and will always be present in some form in 'atlas' knowledge maps. GEO tags allow 'spatial intelligence' to be built into a map, even if it isn't structured in a geographic way. When a map is 'geo filtered' using one of these tags it is the equivalent of using 'Lookup Tables' in 'GIS'.
TIME – prefix indicates time based tags. These can be generic (eg. months of the year, days of the week etc.) or specific (eg. a year, a date etc.). TIME tags will always be present in some form in 'calendar' knowledge maps.
RESOURCE – prefix indicates some aspect of a resource, such as the type of resource or who is responsible for creating / maintaining it.
ii) Within MindManager, tags…
provide a useful means of internal navigation between map topics (clicking on the branch that is shown as being tagged with that marker in the 'Index Task Pane' will immediately focus the map on that banch).
can be generated automatically from branches (the title of the parent branch is the group name and those of all the immediate sub-branches become the individual tags within the group) .
can be copied and pasted in their groups from one map to another.
Attached Hyperlinks: Multiple
See next section for full details
Attached Multiple Hyperlinks
UN GeoScheme Macro Geographic Region (Continent) Seed Branch
One of our philosophies at KnowledgeMappers is not to reinvent the wheel. whenever possible. Thus we include hyperlinks to original official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge sources whenever possible, as well as links to Wikipedia pages for additional, "bigger picture" context (often not obvious, or even absent from, the original source). By doing this…
original sources get used more often, by more people.
errors get spotted quicker, thereby improving the information quality for everybody.
updates get promulgated sooner to end users.
rather than us having to interpret original sources to create further information resources around "big picture" context for a subject we are not experts in, users of our map can "get it straight from the horses mouth" as it were, so everybody benefits.
The following knowledge resource links are attached to this seed branch (arranged in alphabetical order within the groupings)…
General Information Knowledge Resource Links
UNdata Stats – Official statistics about the region compiled, published & maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNdata).
Wikipedia Category: GeoScheme Region – List page of all region related categories.
Wikipedia: United Nations GeoScheme For Region Page – This is the Wikipedia article specifically about the UN Geoscheme region and the list of ISO3166-1 countries within it..
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Region Page – This is the main Wikipedia article summarising the climate, geography and demographics of the regions as general geographic areas (equivelant to a'country page' article). There may also be a section on the countries within the sub-region in differing classification systems used by other international organisations.
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Region Portal – Wikipedia Portals are another useful entry-point that help readers and/or editors navigate their way through Wikipedia topic areas, promote content and encourage contribution. They may be associated with one or more WikiProjects, such as those concerned with gathering & publishing the information related to each Geoscheme region on Wikipedia.
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Region Outline Page – An introduction to the region structured as a series of hierarchical lists of links to essential Wikipedia resources about it.
Wikivoyage: GeoScheme Region Travel Guide – Another Wikimedia project, Wikivoyage is built in collaboration by volunteer authors from around the globe who write without pay, with the spirit of sharing knowledge that makes travel so enjoyable. Whenever travellers meet each other on the road, they swap info about the places they came from and ask questions about places they're going. Wikivoyage wants to make it easy to share that knowledge and let others share it.
Geographic Information Knowledge Resource Links
UN Geospatial General Map Library: Region – United Nations Geospatial provide expert support and geospatial data products and services – General maps, Web-services, Thematic analysis & maps, Earth observation & imagery, and Archives – to the many bodies and missions of the UN.
Wikimedia Commons – Atlas of the Region – The Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps compiled by the Wikimedia Commons project. There are sub-atlases for all regions.
i) MindManager has the unique ability to have multiple hyperlinks attached to a single map branch, and to edit the default title text of the link to make it more meaningful to the user. This…
greatly reduces the visual clutter of the map.
means a full basket of links to official / definitive / useful knowledge resources about the subject can stay with the seed branch if it is re-used in other maps.
The chain icon at the end of a branch (rather than the favicon (icon) served by the linked-to website) indicates where a branch has more than one hyperlink.
ii) In the circular knowledge economy way of Wikipedia if there is knowledge that you could add to an existing page that is linked to, or even starting a page that doesn't yet exist, then go for it! That's what it's all about!
iii) Not all of the above resources will exist for UN Geoscheme regions / sub-regions.
Return to Seed Branch top...
UN GeoScheme Macro Geographic (Continental) Sub-Region Seed Branch
The knowledge resources listed below are by and large the same as for the Macro Geographic Regions above, athough there are usually fewer of them for sub-regions, and there is more ambiguity as to their definition in different sources.
Image: Thumbnail ocation Map
All maps shows the coloured rsub-region within an otherwise greyscale world map with individual country borders. Each region & sub-regions have distinct but common colour schemes e.g. all AFRICA sub-regions are green.
Text: Official Name & Unique Identifying Codes
(Official UN GeoScheme Code)
SUB-REGION ALL Countries – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official countries in the region.
SUB-REGION Sovereign States – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official sovereign states in the region.
SUB-REGION Non-Sovereign States – Subtotal of all ISO3166-1 official non-sovereign states in the region.
SUB-REGION Surface Area (sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats
SUB-REGION Population (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats, estimated to the nearest 1000
SUB-REGION Pop Density (per sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats (ie. not calculated by us from the Surface Area and Population data)
GEO – UN Geoscheme – Sub-Region is tagged with it's own tag from the Geoscheme tag group, which may also be used on other branches in the map.
UN GeoScheme Macro Geographic Sub-Region (Continent) Seed Branch
General Information Resource Links
UNdata Stats – Official statistics about the sub-region compiled, published & maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNdata).
Wikipedia Category: GeoScheme Sub-Region – List page of all sub-region related categories.
Wikipedia: United Nations GeoScheme For Sub-Region Page – This is the Wikipedia article specifically about the UN Geoscheme sub-region and the list of ISO3166-1 countries within it..
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Region Page – This is the main Wikipedia article summarising the climate, geography and demographics of the sub-regions as general geographic areas (equivelant to a'country page' article). There may also be a section on the countries within the sub-region in differing classification systems used by other international organisations.
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Sub-Region Portal – Wikipedia Portals are another useful entry-point that help readers and/or editors navigate their way through Wikipedia topic areas, promote content and encourage contribution. They may be associated with one or more WikiProjects, such as those concerned with gathering & publishing the information related to each country on Wikipedia.
Wikipedia: GeoScheme Sub-Region Outline Page – An introduction to the region structured as a series of hierarchical lists of links to essential Wikipedia resources about it.
Wikivoyage: GeoScheme Sub-Region Travel Guide – Another Wikimedia project, Wikivoyage is built in collaboration by volunteer authors from around the globe who write without pay, with the spirit of sharing knowledge that makes travel so enjoyable. Whenever travellers meet each other on the road, they swap info about the places they came from and ask questions about places they're going. Wikivoyage wants to make it easy to share that knowledge and let others share it.
UN Geospatial General Map Library: Sub-Region – United Nations Geospatial provide expert support and geospatial data products and services – General maps, Web-services, Thematic analysis & maps, Earth observation & imagery, and Archives – to the many bodies and missions of the UN.
Wikimedia Commons – Atlas of the Sub-Region – The Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps compiled by the Wikimedia Commons project. There are sub-atlases for some but not all sub-regions.
ISO3166-1 Country Of The World Seed Branch
Although there is no universal agreement on the number of 'countries' in the world (since a number of states have disputed sovereignty status), there is a longstanding international standard – 'ISO3166: Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions' – and so that is the basis on which a 'country' is included in the atlas. Which macro-geographic sub-region (and therefore region) it is assigned to, is defined by the United Nations Geoscheme (M49) standard.
However even within ISO3166 all 'countries' are not created equal. The main division is whether a country is sovereign or not i.e. it has complete control over all it's internal affairs, it's dealings with other countries and, most crucially, is recognised by all the other sovereign states. Thus of the 249 'countries' defined by ISO3166-1, there are…
192 Sovereign Sates (classed as 'independent' in the standard)
57 Non-Sovereign Countries (classed as 'not independent' in the standard)
The major difference between them in geo-political terms is that 'Non-Sovereign Countries' cannot be a member state of the United Nations, but they do always have a dependent relationship with a sovereign state, who will at the very least represent them in international affairs. However the nature of that relationship differs greatly…
Some are considered as integral parts of the sovereign state which happen to be overseas (even if it's a completely different continent).
Some are overseas territories (i.e. 'posessions') of the (usually european) sovereign state, left over from the age of colonial empires. Even then there are different 'types' of territory, even for the same sovereign state.
Some – usually small island states – are in 'free asociation' with a much larger sovereign state.
Some may be 'permanently uninhabited' so the 'relationship' is somewhat one sided (though that term does not proclude the presence of miltary bases, research stations or wildlife reserves with their associated personnel).
Thus to help users we have visually differentiated between the 2 country 'types' within this map – 'Non sovereign countries' have an asterisk* after their name (including in their coresponding index marker tag), and the knowledge seed branch text is in italic.
Branch Outline Shape
For geographic area seed branches the outline shape indicates the nature of it's borders with it's equivelant neighbours…
CIRCLE = all coastal borders (ie. 'island(s)')
HEXAGON = all land borders (ie. 'land-locked')
ROUNDED RECTANGLE = mixed coastal & Land borders
i) Assignment of shapes to geographic area seed branches is controlled by MindManager's unique Smart Rule feature using the 'GEO – Country – Borders' tag (eqivelant to thematic mapping in GIS).
Image: Country Flag & Thumbnail Location Map
Incorporating country flags into map branches makes for swifter navigation and improved user experience.
i) Flag images are a free download from the good people at Icondrawer.com.
ii) All map images are optimised to reduce the file size.
ISO3166-1 Official Country 'Short Name' in English
(ISO3166-1 alpha-2 2 character letter code – ISO3166-1 alpha-3 3 character letter code – ISO3166-1 numeric 3 digit code)
ISO3166-1 Official Country 'Full Name' in English
i) An * asterisk after the short name and italic font indicates the country is a non-sovereign state. The formatting is controlled by the attached 'GEO – Country – Sovereign Status' tag using MindManager's unique Smart Rules feature.
ii) One of the multiple hyperlinks attached to the seed branch is to the relavant page for the ISO3166 official name & code for the specific country on the ISO Online Portal. Thus the ones used on the map can be checked against the original source if it's important (though codes & names rarely change, and all changes are documented on the page on the portal).
Embedded Data Fields: Country 'Facts & Figures'
Surface Area (sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats
Population (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats, estimated to the nearest 1000
Pop Density (per sq km) (2020 est. UN) – As given in the UNdata stats (ie. not calculated by us from the Surface Area and Population data)
Coastline (km) – The cumulative length of the country's coastline, as given in the CIA World Fact Book.
Land Borders (km) – The cumulative length of the country's land borders with neighbouring countries, as given in the CIA World Fact Book.
Land Border Countries – The number of countries the country shares land borders with, as given in the CIA World Fact Book.
Mean Elevation (m) – The mean elevation of the country, as given in the CIA World Fact Book.
UN Member State since – Date on which the country joined the United Nations.
The values in cells can be calculated from other cells either in the same branch or in other branches. Formulas that define the values are built using MindManager's 'Autocalc' feature (again unique).
Index Marker Tags & Goups: Various
For additional contextual knowledge and dynamic map filtering…
GEO – UN Geoscheme – All appropriate tags for the macro region and sub-region.
GEO – Country (ISO3166-1) – Tagged with it's own tag – ISO3166-1 Official Country 'Short Name' in English (ISO3166-1 alpha-2 2 character letter code – ISO3166-1 alpha-3 3 character letter code – ISO3166-1 numeric 3 digit code). As only the country seed branch is tagged from this group, it can be used to internally navigate between the country seed topics.
GEO – Country – Sovereign Status – Either a sovereign state or non-soverign state.
GEO – Country – Borders – As per the topic shape that indicates the nature of the country's borders with it's equivelant neighbours – all coastal borders (ie. 'island(s)'), all land borders (ie. 'land-locked'), mixed coastal & Land borders
GEO – Country – Shared Land Borders – The countries the country shares land borders with, as given in the CIA World Fact Book.
GEO – Country – Dependent Relationships – The other ISO3166-1 countries that have a dependant relationship with this country eg. as an oversses territory. Relationships are recorded both ways so the 'mother' country seed branch is tagged with the dependant countries, and all the dependant countries are tagged with the 'mother' country
ii) Within MindManager tags…
See next section for full details.
CIA World Fact Book: ISO3166-1 Country Profiles – Maintained regularly by the US Central Intelligence Agency, the World Fact Book contains information on the history, people, government, economy, energy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for 267 world entities. The Reference tab includes: maps of the major world regions, as well as Flags of the World, a Physical Map of the World, a Political Map of the World, a World Oceans map, and a Standard Time Zones of the World map.
CIA World Leaders Directory: ISO3166-1 Country Pages – The US Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE.
ISO3166-1 Online – The official entry for the country and it's sub-division's codes in the International Standards Organisation online standards portal.
United Nations – Website of the Member State Misson. Some are hosted by the UN, some by the country itself so they vary in style.
UNdata Stats – Official statistics about the country compiled, published & maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNdata).
Wikipedia Category: ISO3166-1 Country – List page of all country related categories.
Wikipedia: ISO3166-1 Country Page – This is the main Wikipedia article summarising the etymology, history, geography, administrative divisions, politics, economy, demographics & culture of the country. It also serves as a jumping off point to the many, more detailed Wikipedia articles on the country, as well as external sources on the web.
Wikipedia: ISO3166-1 Country Portal – Wikipedia Portals are another useful entry-point that help readers and/or editors navigate their way through Wikipedia topic areas, promote content and encourage contribution. They may be associated with one or more WikiProjects, such as those concerned with gathering & publishing the information related to each country on Wikipedia.
Wikipedia: ISO3166-1 Country Outline Page – An introduction to the ISO3166-1 country structured as a series of hierarchical lists of links to essential Wikipedia resources about it.
Wikivoyage: ISO3166-1 Travel Guide – Another Wikimedia project, Wikivoyage is built in collaboration by volunteer authors from around the globe who write without pay, with the spirit of sharing knowledge that makes travel so enjoyable. Whenever travellers meet each other on the road, they swap info about the places they came from and ask questions about places they're going. We want to make it easy to share that knowledge and let others share it.
GeoHack Index Of Global & Local Mapping Services: ISO3166-1 Country – Tool used by Wikipedia & other projects to access web mapping services centred on geographically referenced entities (such as countries of the world). As well as global services like Google Maps and Open Street Map, local services, such as those provided by national mapping agencies, are also listed.
Google Maps: ISO3166-1 Country – Link to Google Map map centred on the country.
Open Street Map: ISO3166-1 Country – Link to Open Street Map map centred on the country.
Hyperlinks to official / definitive / 'plain old useful' knowledge resources found in the public domain is one of the main focus of our knowledge maps. Links are added to our maps in 2 ways…
Multiple Hyperlinks Attached To Seed Branches – MindManager has the unique ability to attach multiple hyperlinks to a single map branch. This means that…
maps need fewer branches so are less visually cluttered.
a single branch can become a mini knowledge portal in it's own right (one of the reasons why we call them 'knowledge seed branches').
links to core knowledge resources (usually the most important links taken from the Link Collections) can remain with the branch when it's re-used in other maps, whether or not it's the kep focus of that map.
The multiple hyperlinks attached to the different types of knowledge seed branches in this map are already detailed in the 'Seed Branches' tab.
Knowledge Link Sub-Branch Collections – Sub-branches – each with a single attached hyperlink to an external knowledge resource – are grouped into related collections, such as 'General Knowledge Resources' or 'Geographic Knowledge Resources'. This makes for easier, more 'thumb friendly' browsing & discovery of knowledge resources, which helps in more intensive activities like prolonged desktop research.
The knowledge link sub-branch collections in this map are detailed below…
General Knowledge Resource Link Collection
ISO3166-1 Countries Of The World
This collection contains links to official / definitive / 'plain old useful' knolwedge resources about the ISO3166-1 country. It is an ideal starting point for those who want to find out more about about it, be it for casual browsing or more focused desktop research for a specific purpose…
BBC News: ISO3166-1 Country Profiles – Instant guides to the history, politics and economic background of countries and territories, which include audio and video clips from BBC archives.
Wikipedia: ISO3166-1 Country Outline Page – Outlines are an introduction to the ISO3166-1 country structured as a series of hierarchical lists of links to essential Wikipedia resources about it.
Wikipedia: Index of ISO3166-1 Country-related topics – Each ISO3166-1 country is also a Wikipedia category, and this index page lists all the sub-categories and pages attributed to the category. Another good starting point for detailed, desktop research.
Wikimedia Commons: Index of ISO3166-1-Related Images & Media Files – Each ISO3166-1 country is also a category on Wikimedia Commons, the common media file (images, sound and video clips) repository for all Wikimedia projects (e.g. Wikipedia). The content listed on this page is in the public domain and freely-licensed for everyone to use, in their own language, you do not need to belong to one of the projects to use it.
General Note(s)
i) All knowledge resources linked to in our collections are freely available in the public domain.
ii) Not all of the knowledge resources listed above exist for all ISO3166-1 countries. This is especially true for non-sovereign states, which may be fully autonomous or semi autonomous from the home state, or may be a fully integrated part of it.
iii) Selected links from the General & Geographic collections are attached to the ISO3166-1 Country seed branch.
iv) All knowledge resource link collection sub-branches are tagged with the 'RESOURCE – Owner' index marker tag.
Return to Collection top...
Geographic Knowledge Resource Link Collection
This collection contains links to official / definitive / 'plain old useful' geographic knolwedge resources about the ISO3166-1 country. It is a mixture of…
Static Map Libraries – Collections of human created cartographic image files that can be downloaded and viewed offline.
Online Mapping Services – Automatically generate maps, often with different 'layers' of related geographic features that can be turned on or off and additional useful geographic tools (eg. route finder). These can usually only be accessed via a live internet connection.
Spatial Data Repositiories – Containing data files of computer-readable geographic information for use by anybody with the right specialised ('GIS') software. Asa well as being downloadable files, they may also be available as a feature service that is streamed directly to your application using an API.
The following knowledge sesource links make up the Geographic Collection for ISO3166-1 countries…
GeoNames: ISO3166-1 Country Page – Country main page on the GeoNames website, which lists various codes and statistics related to it along with a simple line map showing the sub-divisions. There are links to sub-pages for Administrative Divisions, Feature Statistics, Largest Cities, Highest Mountains, Other Country Names and Postal codes. The website is populated from the GeoNames database – which contains over 25 million geographical names, over 11 million unique features of 4.8 million populated places and 13 million alternate names. It is available for download free of charge under a creative commons attribution license. You can find out more here.
MapAction Map Library: ISO3166-1 Country – MapAction is a UK based charity that works across the globe to ensure disaster response teams have access to the life-saving maps and data needed to deliver the right aid to the right places, as quickly as possible. This link to their archive makes existing geographic information resources immediately accessible.
UN Geospatial General Map Library: ISO3166-1 Country – United Nations Geospatial provide expert support and geospatial data products and services – General maps, Web-services, Thematic analysis & maps, Earth observation & imagery, and Archives – to the many bodies and missions of the UN. Note not all countries have maps in the library.
UNITAR Map Library: ISO3166-1 Country – The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) aims to develop the individual, institutional and organizational capacities of countries and other UN stakeholders through high-quality learning solutions and related knowledge products and services to enhance decision making and to support country-level action for overcoming global challenges. They have a growing library of geographic maps and data products produced in response to disasters & crises events around the world since 2004.
Wikimedia Commons Atlas Of The World: ISO3166-1 Country – The Wikimedia Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons.
Wikipedia Category: Geography of ISO3166-1 Country – Contains all sub-categories and pages about the geography of the country. A good 'jumping off point' for further armchair / desktop exploration…
Wikipedia: Geography of ISO3166-1 Country Page – The main article about the geography of the country…
Countries Of The World – Base Atlas
Visually structured framework of rich knowledge seed branches of macro geographic regions, sub-regions and ISO3166-1 defined countries of the world that is the base for all our global atlas maps. Published Nov 2021
Countries Of The World – International Travellers Knowledge Atlas
As per the General Atlas plus another collection of sub-branches with single links to official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources for international travellers to each ISO3166-1 country of the world.
File Format : HTML5 (.html)MindManager (.mmap) [+ £5.00]
Countries Of The World – International Trade & Development Knowledge Atlas
As per the General Atlas plus another collection of sub-branches with single links to official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources about international trade & development in each ISO3166-1 country of the world.
Countries Of The World – GB International Travellers Knowledge Atlas
As per the International Travellers Atlas plus additional sub-branches with single links to official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources specifically for GB (United Kingdom) based international travellers.
Countries Of The World – GB International Trade & Development Knowledge Atlas
As per the International Trade & Development Atlas plus additional sub-branches with single links to official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources specifically for GB (United Kingdom) based citizens / organisations.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The Cavs were 1 missed free throw away from the Title.
Tags: 2015 NBA Finals, Anderson Varejao, Bill Smith, Cleveland Cavaliers, Kevin Love, Kyrie Irving, LeBron James, NBC Sports, Samantha Bunten
NOTE: Congratulations to LeBron James and the Cavs for a great effort in the finals. No one would have guessed that they would be competitive without 3 of their best 5 players. Tomorrow on NNR Samantha Bunten of NBC Sports and I discuss Game 6 of the finals and the future of the Cavs.
Despite the injures to Kyrie Irving (21.7 points per game), Kevin Love (16.4) and Anderson Varejao (9.6) the Cavs came within 1 point of winning the title.
Game 1 came down to a last second possession by the Cavs to win the game in regulation. But if they had made 1 more missed free throw, they would have had a 1 point lead and could have just held the ball to win. Another possibility would have been if the refs had not decided to call traveling for the 1st time all game on Timofey Mozgov in the previous possession. While Irving was hurt in OT, the Cavs would have won the title with that game 1 win with or without their starting point guard.
The Cavs went on to win Game 2 in Oakland and Game 3 in Cleveland. Since the format of the finals was changed to 2-2-1-1-1 no team has ever come back from 0-3 to win a title. In my opinion the Cavs would have won game 4 because the Warriors had no starter with finals experience. I think that if the Cavs had gone up 3-0 the Warriors would have folded without much of a fight.
Even if the Warriors had won game 4, the Cavs would have ended their misery in game 5 or 6.
Given the injuries, the Cavs had a great season and playoffs. All Cavs fans can be proud of the team. The fans should also be proud of the energy and noise they caused all season long.
That is what I think. Tell us what you think by commenting here or tweeting me @NNRonDSN.
NOTE: News, Notes and Rumors podcast are BACK. Check out our thoughts on Fridays about the games coming up and Monday on the results of the weekend. My co-host is Samantha Bunten of NBC Sports. Podcasts can be heard on https://fryingpansports.com/radio-show/. Thanks for your support.
Bill Smith is a former coach of several semi-pro teams, has officiated both football and basketball, done color on radio for college football and basketball and has scouted talent. He edits https://fryingpansports.com. He has also published several novels on and a non-fiction work at http://www.merriam-press.com/. Follow him on twitter @NNRonDSN to get the schedule of Special News, Notes and Rumors broadcasts. You can hear the previous shows on https://fryingpansports.com/radio-show/.
He also edits .
To keep up with the News, Notes & Rumors podcasts, follow me on twitter @NNRonDSN.
The Cavs were 1 missed free throw away from the Title. by Bill Smith


text:
Sant Pere, Santa Caterina i la Ribera is een wijk in Barcelona, in het district Ciutat Vella. Bij een volkstelling in 2005 telde de wijk 22.558 inwoners.

De wijk omvat de volgende drie buurten van het historische centrum van Barcelona:
 Santa Caterina
 Sant Pere
 La Ribera

Externe link
 Webpagina over Sant Pere, Santa Caterina i la Ribera op bcn.cat.

Wijk in Barcelona


text:
Q: Delete one item in an array ReactJS (React Hooks and Redux) I'm creating a recipe application using MERN stack.
The issue I am stuck on is trying to delete an ingredient found in an array, inside a recipe object. My recipe object looks like this:
MongoDB Recipe Object
Each ingredient has a cross next to it that allows you to click on it to remove.

        {addIngredients.ingredients.map(data => (

{data}

             removeIngredient(data)}>

            {' '}

        ))}

The addIngredients and removeIngredient functions look like this:
  const addIngredient = e => {
e.preventDefault();

if (query === '') return;

addIngredients.ingredients.push(query);
setIngredients(addIngredients);

setRecipe(prevState => ({
  ...prevState,
  ingredients: [
    ...prevState.ingredients,
    { id: Date.now(), ingredient: query }
  ]
}));
};

  const removeIngredient = data => {
const results = addIngredients.ingredients.filter(
  e => e.ingredients !== data
);
setIngredients(
  addIngredients.ingredients.filter(e => e.ingredients !== data)
);
};

Every time I remove an ingredient from my list I get an error that states "TypeError: Cannot read property 'map' of undefined".
Is there something that i'm missing here? I have been working on this app for the past couple of months now and I am stuck on this particular bit. I thought a better way would be to use Redux as I have been able to delete a whole recipe using a reducer:
    case DELETE_RECIPE:
  return {
    ...state,
    recipes: state.recipes.filter(recipe => recipe._id !== action.payload),
    loading: false
  };

but how would I be able to target one particular ingredient?
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

A: I added notes to your code problems)
  const addIngredient = e => {
      e.preventDefault();

      if (query === '') return;

     ***STATE MUTATION***
      addIngredients.ingredients.push(query);
     setIngredients(addIngredients);

    setRecipe(prevState => ({
       ...prevState,
       ingredients: [
       ...prevState.ingredients,
       { id: Date.now(), ingredient: query }
  ]
}));
};

  const removeIngredient = data => {
    const results = addIngredients.ingredients.filter(
       e => e.ingredients !== data
    );
    ***You're adding ingredients object instead of addIngredients as you used in addIngredient method***
   setIngredients(
     addIngredients.ingredients.filter(e => e.ingredients !== data)
   );
};

addIngredients.ingredients.filter(e => e.ingredients !== data) returns filtered ingredients instead of addIngredients with filtered ingredients field
How it should be
  const addIngredient = e => {
      e.preventDefault();

      if (query === '') return;

     setIngredients({
       ...addIngredients,
       ingredients: [
          ...addIngredients,
          query
       ]
     });

    setRecipe(prevState => ({
       ...prevState,
       ingredients: [
       ...prevState.ingredients,
       { id: Date.now(), ingredient: query }
  ]
}));
};

  const removeIngredient = data => {
    const results = addIngredients.ingredients.filter(
       e => e.ingredients !== data
    );

   setIngredients(
    {
       ...addIngredients,
       ingredients: results
  });
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to use third-party JavaScript libraries in Laravel Mix How do you guys manage to use Laravel Mix if there are many third-party JavaScript plugins? I use Laravel Mix for normal things, but now I have an Admin Panel Dashboard theme, and there are lots of plugins used as follows.
<script src="assets/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/detect.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/fastclick.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.slimscroll.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.blockUI.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/waves.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/wow.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.nicescroll.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.scrollTo.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.app.js"></script>

These are the javascript files, and also there are CSS files for the same as well. So what is the best-recommended way to do it?


text:
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Dr K N Modi University, a State Government ordained, UGC approved Private University, situated on a sprawling 45 acres campus with sylvan surroundings is situated at Newai in the Tonk district of Rajasthan. It is being managed by Dr K N Modi Foundation, whose Founder Dr Kedar Nath Modi was a doyen in contributing to the cause of the Society and a pioneer in establishing educational institutions to offer quality and value based education – primary to higher levels of professional education – in the background of his committed belief, "Education Builds Nation" , to the members of the learners community belonging to diverse economic and economic strata's of the society. The Foundation, now in the throes of its Platinum Jubilee Celebrations, is being administered by the illustrious son of its Founder, Dr D K Modi, who is educated both in India and Switzerland.
The University, in the background of its philosophy, "Education for the Development of The society", has embarked on a missionary zeal to realize its goals and objectives, since its inception during the academic year 2010–11.The University is unflinching in its efforts while pursuing a path of quality growth with quantitative developmental and enterprising activities. It offers professional natured academic programs related to Agriculture, Arts, Commerce, Diverse Disciplines of Engineering, forestry, Law, Management, Pharmacy and Science streams at Diploma (limited to Engineering and Pharmacy Studies at Present), Undergraduate, Post Graduate and Doctoral levels to scores of students belonging not only diverse strata of the society but also diverse regions of the State and States of our Nation besides those from Afghanistan and Nepal , in the main now, and those from African and East Asian Countries in the near future.
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The University, in the background of its philosophy, "Education for the Development of The society", has embarked on a missionary zeal to realise its goals and objectives, since its inception during the academic year 2010 – 11.
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Like you, at Apicha Community Health Center we grieve our dead and injured brothers and sisters--this weekend's victims of a heinous act of violence. Like you, we are sorting through our emotions, in what seems like a futile attempt to make sense of an act of hate and terror. The sadness. The anger. The helplessness. The fear.
Like you, our dull grief sharpens into something very real as details of the tragedy emerge. Our hearts ache as we learn the names and see the young, smiling faces of the men and women gathered to celebrate Puerto Rican Pride at Pulse Nightclub. They remind us of our patients, our friends, and ourselves.
We remember last year at this time we were celebrating momentous victories for the LGBT community and the milestones reached by steadily breaking down the barriers that marginalize us.
Just as we reached the height of intense joyful moments from last year's Supreme Court's decision on marriage equality, this weekend's tragic events show that those victories can easily be snatched away and bring us down the depths of pain and sadness. But as we have always done in the past, we will not allow the senseless loss of those who died and those who continue to fight for their lives in the hospital's operating rooms to be in vain. We have gone this far, we must go on.
While this without a doubt is a hate crime directed at the LGBT community. It is as much an assault on everyone who believes in freedom, diversity and an inclusive society. This was a direct challenge to every civil rights victory and an affront to everyone who believes in the intrinsic humanity in all people.
As time passes and our grief subsides, we must refocus our efforts to achieve equality for everyone. All people of different sexual orientations, different gender identities, different races, and different religions must come together to continue to protect the victories won after years of struggle. The push back against those who peddle hate and division will be as vehement as the sound and impact of those assault weapons. We must go on. Now is not the time for hatred. Now is the time to turn and embrace each other and offer acceptance, compassion, and love. Now is the time to unite.


text:
FDI Policy revised to curb opportunistic takeovers
The extant COVID-19 pandemic has been plaguing individuals and industries alike. The Government of India has, with a view to curb opportunistic takeovers/acquisitions of Indian companies due to the COVID-19 pandemic, reviewed and revised the extant foreign direct investment ("FDI") policy dated August 28, 2017 ("FDI Policy"), issued by the Department for Promotions of Industry and Internal Trade ("DPIIT") vide press note 3 of 2020 dated April 17, 2020 ("Press Note 3").
Restriction on FDI from bordering countries:
As per the revised FDI Policy, an entity situated in a country which shares a land border with India ("Bordering Country"), or any person who is a beneficial owner of an investment into India, and is situated in or is a citizen of any such Bordering Country (collectively, the "Restricted Person"), can invest in India (other than in sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment) only with prior government approval.
This implies that now (a) entities situated in or controlled by citizens of Afghanistan, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Bhutan; or (b) individuals of these countries will need a prior government approval for investing in India (entities incorporated in, and citizens of, Bangladesh and Pakistan were required to obtain a government approval for an investment into an Indian entity earlier also).
Additionally, investment by citizens of Pakistan and entities incorporated in Pakistan in defence, space, atomic energy and other sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment remains completely prohibited as earlier.
Beneficial ownership also covered:
Press Note 3 also clarifies that any transfer of an existing or future FDI in an entity in India which results in the beneficial ownership in the Indian entity being held in by a Restricted Person, will also require government approval.
While the basic intent appears to be regulating investments made directly or indirectly through other jurisdictions, the manner of determination of the beneficial ownership remains unclear as the Press Note 3 does not prescribe any percentage threshold or the number of levels that will be considered for ascertaining the 'beneficial ownership' of the investment in an Indian entity.
In the present form and in absence of any clarifications, the ambit of Press Note 3 is wide enough to cover multi-layered downstream investments and may entail significant scrutiny of the investment proposals.
INTENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
While the government has issued the Press Note 3 with an intent to curb opportunistic takeovers in Indian companies due to COVID-19 pandemic, the revised regulations will operate to regulate all investments directly or indirectly by citizens and entities of a Bordering Country. It appears that the government is seeking to regulate all the incoming investments from a Bordering Country (directly or indirectly) to ascertain the intent of such an investment.
The Press Note 3 will come into effect from the date of a notification issued under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 ("FEMA"). The notification under FEMA will be issued by the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI").
Upon implementation of the revised regulations, any investment falling within the purview of Press Note 3 will need to undergo the process of a government approval which presently is elaborated in the standard operating procedure ("SOP") for processing FDI proposals dated June 29, 2017 ("2017 SOP").
While the government's stated intent behind the Press Note 3 is to curb opportunistic takeovers on account of COVID-19, Press Note 3 will have implications for companies having investments in India from a Restricted Person. This is because as per the existing provisions of the Press Note 3, and in absence of any clarifications, additional equity infusions by citizens or companies of a Bordering Country in their existing Indian entities are also likely to fall within the purview of Press Note 3 and will consequently require government approval.
At present, the language of the Press Note 3 is wide enough to regulate investments made by pure financial investors/investment funds from other jurisdictions having any Restricted Person as a beneficiary as well.
Press Note 3 appears to have been issued with an intent to curb opportunistic takeovers by citizens and companies of any Bordering Country.
However, in its current form, the Press Note 3 subjects every investment (directly or through any other jurisdiction) by a Restricted Person into Indian entities (engaged in permitted sectors) to scrutiny by the government. This potentially covers investments by financial investors having any Restricted Person as a beneficiary and will also impact future investments by any Restricted Person into Indian entities already having investments by a Restricted Person.
While the Press Note 3 has been issued, the revised regulations will come into effect only after the RBI issues a notification under FEMA for its implementation.
We hope that the RBI will come up with a comprehensive framework for the revised regulations including details on the manner of ascertaining 'beneficial ownership' and providing reasonable exceptions in order to clarify the position around the restrictions sought to be imposed under the revised regulations.
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Anybody who finds themselves looking for a publishing solution will come across the often thought of offset way. It's actually the essential kind that is popular of used today and contains become among the many preferable choices of most of us whenever the prerequisites volume is in volume.
For potential print customers, Offset Printing is way better suited to high-volume such as for instance magazines, magazines, leaflets, publications, leaflets. They generally brings more prints that are consistent it relates to reproduce high quality provided the printers are run by seasoned workforce. The ink and every piece of report that comes off of an offset press is really inexpensive than compared to a digital newspapers. They spending significantly less to make qualtheyy that is high it is through with offset printing means.
Offset methods uses metal that is etched that apply ink onto a piece of papers. It takes a considerable number of build time and stuff. However, the image top quality was constantly good due to the fact plastic blanket, regarding the printing plate, fits itself to your surface of the surface that is printing making on a clean and detail by detail image everytime. This method primarily involves an inked graphics being moved from a photographic dish to a rubber blanket, and, a short while later, for the papers inventory for any print that is final.
Offset printing enjoys advantages and disadvantages for which you want a professional printing organization to simply help show you within the proper way to make your own printing opportunities.
Today, it gets clear to you why the vast majority of printing task is shared within this approach. Well they's an industrial means of minimizing|way that is commercial of} your time and effort thereby allow you to have the best creates the income at the same time from inside the get more info promotion of every show with successful effects, creating your company marketplace credibility.It lets you work on an extensive range of printing substrates. In addition it provides the best quality and lowest outlay as print works grow larger in quantities or proportions.


text:
Yusnier Viera (né le ) est un calculateur mental cubano-américain. Il est connu sous le surnom du « Calendrier humain » pour son record du monde aux dates du calendrier.

Biographie
Yusnier Viera est né en 1982 à Bejucal, à Cuba. Il a été professeur d'analyse numérique à la Faculté de mathématiques et calcul de l'université de la Havane de 2005 à la fin 2007, quand il émigre aux Etats-Unis.

Le surnom de « Calendrier humain » vient de son aptitude à retrouver le jour calendaire d'une date donnée, en un temps record : par exemple pour le , la réponse est lundi. Le calcul calendaire de la coupe du monde consiste à retrouver le jour de la semaine correspondant une date déterminée, avec deux séries de dates entre les années 1600 et 2100, chacune en une minute. Le , il bat pour la première fois le record du monde des calculs calendaires. À la  en 2010, il a remporté la catégorie calendrier. Il a actuellement trois records du monde pour les calculs de calendrier , notamment en ayant retrouvé 140 dates en une minute.

Viera est apparu dans des chaînes de télévision prestigieuses comme CNN et ABC et il est apparu dans la série internationale Discovery Channel "Superhuman Showdown" (bande-annonce ). Au début de 2014, il a participé à l'émission latino-américaine "Super Cerebros" de NatGeo. Il a remporté le premier tour et quatre mille cinq cents dollars de prix en espèces, atteignant le dernier tour du spectacle.

En raison de ses compétences extraordinaires, les neuroscientifiques de l'Université du Sussex ont procédé à des examens IRMf de son cerveau. Dans l'étude, il a également complété une version informatisée du test des matrices progressives de Raven avec un QI de 157 (avec un écart type de 15). Les scientifiques ont conclu que son expertise résultait d'une pratique et d'une motivation à long terme.

En 2016, Yusnier a participé à l'émission "Superhumans" de la Fox, où il a présenté une nouvelle compétence appelée "maths flash". Plus tard, il a été invité à l'émision "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" pour une démonstration impressionnante.

Récemment, il a publié les livres Basic Course of Mental Arithmetic et Master the Multiplication Tables.

Émissions de télévision

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en avril 1982
Mathématicien cubain
Calculateur prodige