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Annual Reports and Information Staff (Annual Reports)
Contact NCES
Overview International Data and Indicators Connect With Annual Reports
Digest of Education Statistics
Summary of Topical Studies Education Across America COVID-19 Dashboard Retrospective Report
COE Indicators
Characteristics of Children's Families
Family Involvement in Education-Related Activities Outside of School
Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education
Preprimary Education (4)
Early Childhood Care Arrangements: Choices and Costs
Home Literacy Activities With Young Children
Enrollment Rates of Young Children
Early Childhood Care and Education Programs in Rural Areas
Elementary and Secondary Enrollment (7)
Public School Enrollment
Public Charter School Enrollment
English Learners in Public Schools
Racial/Ethnic Enrollment in Public Schools
Private School Enrollment
Homeschooled Children and Reasons for Homeschooling
Schools and Districts (2)
Characteristics of Elementary and Secondary Schools
Concentration of Public School Students Eligible for Free or Reduced-Price Lunch
School Crime and Safety
Violent Deaths (1)
Violent Deaths at School and Away From School and School Shootings
Nonfatal Student and Teacher Victimization (4)
Incidence of Victimization at School and Away From School
Prevalence of Criminal Victimization at School
Threats and Injuries With Weapons on School Property
Teachers Threatened With Injury or Physically Attacked by Students
School Environment (6)
Criminal Incidents Recorded by Public Schools and Those Reported to Sworn Law Enforcement
Discipline Problems Reported by Public Schools
Students' Reports of Gangs at School
Students' Reports of Hate-Related Words and Hate-Related Graffiti
Bullying at School and Electronic Bullying
Teachers' Reports on Managing Classroom Behaviors
Fights, Weapons, and Illegal Substances (4)
Physical Fights on School Property and Anywhere
Students Carrying Weapons and Students' Access to Firearms
Students' Use of Alcohol
Marijuana Use and Illegal Drug Availability
Fear and Avoidance (2)
Students' Perceptions of Personal Safety at School and Away From School
Students' Reports of Avoiding School Activities or Classes or Specific Places in School
Discipline, Safety, and Health Practices (4)
Serious Disciplinary Actions Taken by Public Schools
Safety and Security Practices at Public Schools
Students' Reports of Safety and Security Measures Observed at School
Prevalence of Mental Health Services Provided by Public Schools and Limitations in Schools' Efforts to Provide Mental Health Services
Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Elementary and Secondary Education System
Children's Internet Access at Home
Rural Students' Access to the Internet
Teachers and Staff (7)
Characteristics of Public School Teachers
Characteristics of Traditional Public, Public Charter, and Private School Teachers
Characteristics of Public School Teachers Who Completed Alternative Route to Certification Programs
Characteristics of Public School Principals
Teacher Turnover: Stayers, Movers, and Leavers
Principal Turnover: Stayers, Movers, and Leavers
Staff in Rural Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems
Reading Performance
Technology and Engineering Literacy
Reading and Mathematics Score Trends
International Comparisons: Reading Literacy at Grade 4
International Comparisons: Mathematics and Science Achievement at Grades 4 and 8
International Comparisons: Reading, Mathematics, and Science Literacy of 15-Year-Old Students
High School Mathematics and Science Course Completion
High School Persistence and Completion (2)
Status Dropout Rates
Public High School Graduation Rates
Finances and Governance (2)
Public School Revenue Sources
Public School Expenditures
Postsecondary Students (8)
Immediate College Enrollment Rate
College Enrollment Rates
Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Fall Plans for Postsecondary Education
Postbaccalaureate Enrollment
Characteristics of Postsecondary Students
College Student Employment
Postsecondary Enrollment Status of Youth From Rural Areas
Characteristics of Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions
Campus Crime and Safety (2)
Criminal Incidents at Postsecondary Institutions
Hate Crime Incidents at Postsecondary Institutions
Faculty and Staff (1)
Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty
Completions and Graduation Rates (5)
Postsecondary Certificates and Degrees Conferred
Undergraduate Degree Fields
Graduate Degree Fields
Undergraduate Retention and Graduation Rates
Postsecondary Outcomes for Nontraditional Undergraduate Students
Finances and Resources (6)
Price of Attending an Undergraduate Institution
Loans for Undergraduate Students
Sources of Financial Aid
Trends in Student Loan Debt for Graduate School Completers
Postsecondary Institution Revenues
Postsecondary Institution Expenses
Population Characteristics and Economic Outcomes
Population Characteristics (3)
Educational Attainment of Young Adults
Nondegree Work Credentials and Work Experience Programs
Educational Attainment in Rural Areas
Economic Outcomes (5)
Employment and Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment
Employment Outcomes of Bachelor's Degree Holders
Annual Earnings by Educational Attainment
Young Adult Educational and Employment Outcomes by Family Socioeconomic Status
Young Adults Neither Enrolled in School nor Working
International Comparisons
Enrollment and Attainment (2)
Enrollment Rates by Country
International Educational Attainment
Education Expenditures by Country
Education Across America
Family Characteristics (1)
Educational Experiences (1)
School Resources and Staffing (1)
Educational Outcomes (2)
2022 Spotlights (2)
Condition of Education At a Glance
Guide to Sources
Go to the National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS) Website
Digest Tables
Annual Reports Publications & Products
Preprimary, Elementary,
and Secondary Education
and Economic Outcomes
School Crime
and Safety
Education Across
In 2017–18, the percentage of teachers who had completed a postbaccalaureate degree was higher for traditional public school teachers (59 percent) than for private and public charter school teachers (48 and 46 percent, respectively). The percentage of teachers who had less than a bachelor's degree as their highest degree was lower for traditional public and public charter school teachers (3 percent each) than for private school teachers (10 percent).
In the 2017–18 school year, there were 3.3 million full-time and part-time traditional public school teachers, 205,600 public charter school teachers, and 509,200 private school teachers.1 The number of traditional public school teachers in 2017–18 was 12 percent higher than in 1999–2000 (3.0 million), the number of public charter school teachers in 2017–18 was 1,076 percent higher than in 1999–2000 (17,500), and the number of private school teachers in 2017–18 was 13 percent higher than in 1999–2000 (449,100). This indicator describes the characteristics of traditional public, public charter, and private school teachers in 2017–18 with respect to their demographic characteristics, years of experience, and educational attainment. This indicator also compares the percentage of traditional public and public charter school teachers by certification type.
Select a subgroup characteristic from the drop-down menu below to view relevant text and figures.
Control of institution
All available findings Age group Educational attainment Race/ethnicity Sex Years of school experience
Figure 1. Percentage distribution of teachers in traditional public, public charter, and private elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity: 2017–18
# Rounds to zero.
NOTE: Excludes teachers who teach only prekindergarten. Data are based on a head count of full-time and part-time teachers rather than on the number of full-time-equivalent teachers. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Although rounded numbers are displayed, the figures are based on unrounded data.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Teacher Data File" and "Private School Teacher Data File," 2017–18. See Digest of Education Statistics 2019, tables 209.10 and 209.21.
In 2017–18, a higher percentage of private school teachers than of traditional public school teachers were White (85 vs. 80 percent), and both percentages were higher than the percentage of public charter school teachers who were White (68 percent). In contrast, a lower percentage of private school teachers than of traditional public school teachers were Black (3 vs. 7 percent), and both percentages were lower than the percentage of public charter school teachers who were Black (10 percent). The same pattern can be observed for the percentages of teachers who were Hispanic: some 7 percent of private school teachers, 9 percent of traditional public school teachers, and 16 percent of public charter school teachers were Hispanic. The percentage of teachers who were Asian was higher for public charter and private school teachers (3 percent each) than for traditional public school teachers (2 percent). The percentages of teachers who were Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or of Two or more races were 2 percent or less at all three types of schools. A higher percentage of private school teachers (26 percent) than of traditional public and public charter school teachers (24 percent each) were male. [Race/ethnicity ] [Sex]
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Figure 2. Percentage distribution of teachers in traditional public, public charter, and private elementary and secondary schools, by age and years of full-time and part-time teaching experience: 2017–18
NOTE: Excludes teachers who teach only prekindergarten. Data are based on a head count of full-time and part-time teachers rather than on the number of full-time-equivalent teachers. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Although rounded numbers are displayed, the figures are based on unrounded data.
The private school and traditional public school teacher workforces were older than the public charter school teacher workforce in 2017–18. For instance, the percentage of teachers who were in the 60 and over age category was higher for private school teachers (15 percent) than for traditional public school teachers (8 percent), and both percentages were higher than the percentage of public charter school teachers who were 60 and over (6 percent). In contrast, private school and traditional public school teachers had lower percentages of their workforces in the age categories under 40 compared with public charter school teachers. For instance, 14 percent of traditional public school teachers and 16 percent of private school teachers were under 30, compared with 24 percent of public charter school teachers. [Age group]
The private school and traditional public school teacher workforces had more teaching experience than the public charter school teacher workforce in 2017–18. Higher percentages of private and traditional public school teachers had over 20 years of full-time and part-time teaching experience (25 and 24 percent, respectively) compared with public charter school teachers (11 percent). In contrast, lower percentages of traditional public and private school teachers had 9 or fewer years of teaching experience compared with public charter school teachers. For instance, 9 percent of traditional public school teachers, 12 percent of private school teachers, and 16 percent of public charter school teachers had less than 3 years of teaching experience. [Years of school experience]
Figure 3. Percentage distribution of teachers in traditional public, public charter, and private elementary and secondary schools, by highest degree earned: 2017–18
1 Education specialist degrees or certificates are generally awarded for 1 year's work beyond the master's level. Includes certificate of advanced graduate studies.
In 2017–18, the percentage of teachers who had completed a postbaccalaureate degree (including a master's degree, an education specialist degree or certificate,2 and a doctor's degree) was higher for traditional public school teachers (59 percent) than for private and public charter school teachers (48 and 46 percent, respectively). A lower percentage of traditional public school teachers than of private school teachers had a bachelor's degree as their highest degree (39 vs. 42 percent), and both percentages were lower than the percentage of public charter school teachers who had a bachelor's degree as their highest degree (50 percent). Lower percentages of traditional public and public charter school teachers had less than a bachelor's degree as their highest degree (3 percent each) compared with private school teachers (10 percent). [Educational attainment]
Figure 4. Percentage distribution of teachers in traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools, by certification type: 2017–18
NOTE: Excludes teachers who teach only prekindergarten. Data are based on a head count of full-time and part-time teachers rather than on the number of full-time-equivalent teachers. Certification type refers to certification of teachers to teach in the state where they are currently teaching. A teaching certificate is probationary if all requirements have been satisfied except completion of a probationary period. It is provisional or temporary if additional coursework, student teaching, or passage of a test is required to obtain regular certification. It is a waiver or emergency certificate if a certification program must be completed to continue teaching. Data on certification type are not available for private school teachers. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Although rounded numbers are displayed, the figures are based on unrounded data.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Teacher Data File," 2017–18. See Digest of Education Statistics 2019, table 209.21.
Data on teaching certification were available for traditional public and public charter school teachers. In 2017–18, a higher percentage of traditional public school teachers than of public charter school teachers held a regular certification (91 vs. 76 percent). Lower percentages of traditional public school teachers than of public charter school teachers held a probationary certification (3 vs. 4 percent), a provisional or temporary certification (4 vs. 8 percent), a waiver or emergency certification (1 vs. 2 percent), or no certification (1 vs. 9 percent).3 [Educational attainment]
1 Excludes teachers who taught only prekindergarten. These numbers are based on sample survey data and could differ from those based on other sample surveys or universe surveys.
3 Refers to certification of teachers to teach in the state where they are currently teaching. A teaching certificate is probationary if all requirements have been satisfied except completion of a probationary period. It is provisional or temporary if additional coursework, student teaching, or passage of a test is required to obtain regular certification. It is a waiver or emergency certificate if a certification program must be completed to continue teaching.
Related Indicators and Resources
School Choice in the United States: 2019
Table 209.10 (Digest 2019): Number and percentage distribution of teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected teacher characteristics: Selected years, 1987-88 through 2017-18;
Table 209.21 (Digest 2019): Number and percentage distribution of teachers in traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools, by instructional level and selected teacher and school characteristics: 2017-18;
Table 209.22 (Digest 2019): Number and percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by instructional level and selected teacher and school characteristics: 1999-2000 and 2017-18
Bachelor's degree Doctor's degree Education specialist/professional diploma Master's degree Private school Public charter school
National Center for Education Statistics. (2022). Characteristics of Traditional Public, Public Charter, and Private School Teachers. Condition of Education. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved [date], from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/sld.
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In recent years, a great deal of attention and emphasis has been placed on the quality and safety of indoor air environments and what is commonly referred as "Sick Building Syndrome". This book has been developed by the recognized leaders in this field, The Environmental Protection Agency and The National Institute for Safety and Health. This manual is specifically for all Building Owners, Facility Managers and employers and is the ultimate resource on this topic.The primary emphasis is on resolving existing indoor quality problems. Additional topics include air quality measurements, HVAC systems, molds, asbestos and radon. A complete section of evaluation forms allows you to evaluate existing conditions.


(Dublin, Jan. 5, 2017) Steady growth in consumer markets will buoy the sack and kraft paper industry to produce growth of around 3% per annum for 2016-2021, according to the latest exclusive data from Smithers Pira. This will push global market value to $80 billion in 2021, up from $66 billion in 2016.
Smithers Pira's new report, The Future of Sack and Kraft Paper to 2021, identifies how expansion is being driven by numerous factors — like the demand for higher quality graphics, which is pressuring papermakers to develop innovative solutions to provide suitable and appropriate printing surfaces. This includes the evolution of digital printing technology for the sack and kraft segment which is creating opportunities for converters and challenges for papermakers.
Report author Stephen Harrod notes that environmental concerns are also helping transform this industry.
"Adoption of sustainability practices has been fairly widespread throughout much of the kraft and sack paper industry and many suppliers now sport a plethora of environmental certificates in various forms. As environmental pressures become ever greater, it is possible that kraft and sack paper manufacturers may start to develop entire product ranges marketed on a sustainability platform," Harrod says.
"In addition to sourcing from sustainably-managed forests, some kraft paper producers have also made attempts to increase the amount of recycled material used in the manufacture of their products," he notes.
Operating in parallel pressure to reduce costs is leading to technological advances that now enable much lighter weights of paper to achieve the same results. Grammages are declining significantly in some cases from 55gsm to as low as 20gsm. This shift to lighter weights increases the importance of sheet uniformity, bulk and thickness, absorbency, opacity, dimensional stability, surface finish, printability — as well as reducing volume offtake for raw material suppliers.
The reduction in volume caused by downgauging is, however, mitigated by the trend to smaller pack sizes, as smaller packs tend to use more material to hold the same contents. This trend also increases the demand for other consumables — such as inks and adhesives — adding more value to the sack and kraft segment for packaging converters. This evolution is being driven by demographic changes worldwide, where there is a general increase in single parent families and smaller family units. Such downsizing is also being supported by health and safety concerns, with many 50 kg industrial packs being reduced to 25 kg content weights for this reason.
The Future of Sack and Kraft Paper to 2021 is based on an in-depth combination of primary and secondary research. Primary research included telephone interviews used to generate an up-to-date and accurate picture of the market and to gather information on the sack and kraft paper segments that is not available from published sources. Secondary research was based on extensive literature analysis of published data and trends collected from leading companies worldwide.


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NextKate Bush is anything but cool.
Robert Horvat	on March 5, 2017
Jane Wieldin was amongst the thick of it when LA punk was born in the 1970's and she helped propel the all-female new wave band, The Go-Go's to fame. Beyond her days in The Go-Go's, she had a modest solo career and famously played Joan Of Arc in the comedy movie Bill And Ted's Excellent Adventure. That said, I decided a few days ago to write a short tribute to this wonderful artist.
For Jane Wiedlin, it was a case of being in the right place at the right time, during those early days of the drug-fuelled chaos of the late 70's Hollywood punk scene. (It's a wonder how Jane Wiedlin ever survived!) The story goes that she moved to Hollywood to study fashion design in college, to instead end up finding fame as a punk guitarist.
Wiedlin has explained over many years how that period time was one of the most thrilling of her existence. Her apartment building called the Canterbury was literally a short walk from The Masque, one of the most important new clubs for local youth and Los Angeles' punk subculture. It was here amongst a small tight-knit community of wannabe punk rockers that she honed her skills writing her punk rock poetry and playing rhythm guitar in The Go-Go's. Prior to joining The Go-Go's with friend Belinda Carlisle, Jane has admitted to never having written a song or having an ounce of musical ability. She told LA Weekly last year that, "It didn't matter if you knew what you were doing or you didn't. You would be met by a group of people (at The Masque) that were going to be intensely supportive of you, even if you sucked."
Maybe they did suck just a little in those early days, from what Jane says, but you cannot deny how big they got with their first hits Our Lips Are Sealed and We Got The Beat. Their debut album even reached Number 1 on the Billboard album charts. It surprises me nowadays that they haven't been considered as inductees for The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame yet. Seems like a damn shame, particular because they were the first all-female band that wrote their own songs, and played their own instruments.
Over the years I have spoken to many acquaintances (including some expats from Los Angeles) that recall The Go-Go's in those early days. Although some of their memories are vague, the common thread in all their stories, when I mention I am a Jane Wiedlin fan, is that how quickly she grew into a very capable artist. Her strength as an artist lay in her ability to write strong guitar melodies, but also in particular her ability as a lyricists. In short, she helped fuel much of The Go-Go's early success particularly alongside fellow guitarist Charlotte Caffey.
Something's coming over me/ I'm so dizzy I can't see/ Can't make out the forest for the trees/ My heart is beating faster now/ As the traffic's slowing down/ Suddenly I'm all alone with you…" Rush Hour (Jane Wieldin)
My introduction to Jane Wiedlin came not long after she left The Go-Go's. (Jane left the Go-Go's in 1985 and the group broke up soon after.) It was the year 1988 that I distinctly recall listening to American Top 40 with Casey Kasem, when I was introduced to Jane's first single called Rush Hour from her second solo album Fur (1988). Rush Hour was surprisingly, by most standards, a very catchy song which reflected a lot of the type of music that was produced in the mid to late eighties. New wave, post punk and synth pop was admittedly popular with me during that period, which might explain my instant attraction to Wiedlin's music. In particular I loved, in between all the synths and sound effects, the rush of guitars (which I am a complete sucker for) and her youthful infectious voice.
Rush Hour propelled Jane up the charts once more. It climbed as high as #9 in the US and #12 in the UK. But as much as it pains me to say, Jane would never really reach the heights of success, she once enjoyed under The Go-Go's. Her follow-up single Inside A Dream failed to make an impact on the charts and her album Fur (1988), while it had some great tracks, didn't really have that killer punch it needed to truly carry Jane all the way up the music charts.
Despite its lukewarm reaction from audiences and some harsh criticism from reviewers, I adore Fur as one those straight pop albums of the late 80's. Particularly clever is the title track Fur, which addresses Weidlin's lifelong passion, and standpoint on animal rights. The stirring ballad The End Of Love also stands out as one of Jane's more tortuous intimate moments as a songwriter. While Song Of The Factory, one of the more underappreciated songs on the album, with its catchy synth undercurrent and Jane's eccentric lyrics, fills the back half of the album with a much-needed boast. Furthermore, despite failing to find an audience with Inside A Dream, it is nonetheless a good pop song about hope and longing.
"Oh, honey, hold me close/ Don't ever let me go/ I feel the flames of love/ Climbing up my pantyhose/ A nuclear reaction/ I'm melting to the core/ Baby, I don't care/ Gimme more, more.." – World On Fire (Jane Wieldin)
Jane's third album Tangled (1990) showed a lot of promise with its fun rousing single World On Fire. A lavish music video accompanied the singles release with Jane as a temptress. I'm dumbfounded it failed to make inroads on the charts in 1990. It should have produced another top 10 hit for her, but for some reason the gods conspired against her.
The album itself had some limited success, but it too was ultimately plagued by a lack of interest from the buying public. World On Fire and the album's title track Tangled, which appeared on the Pretty Woman soundtrack, starring Richard Gere and Julia Roberts, failed to kick-start big sales, not because they were bad songs, but allegedly because her record label EMI failed to promote it. Jane Wiedlin, of course, was less than impressed, which in turn led to her departure from her record label. Nonetheless, Jane had good reason to be proud of her efforts with Tangled. It was a far more mature album than her previous releases.
Overall, in my opinion, the album is an admirable accomplishment in its ability to convey a message whether it is about longing, regret or freedom. The opening track Rain On Me seductively draws us into Wiedlin's world with bittersweet melodies accompanied by a satisfying guitar riff. These themes continue throughout the album with lyrics that are fun and sweet (at times) and straightforward enough in what she wants to say. Her two anthemic songs Flowers on The Battle Field and Euphoria are standouts on the album, along with her track Paper Heart in which she co-wrote with Cyndi Lauper. But it is the whimsy World On Fire that reminds me how much fun Jane can have when given the chance.
In the 90's, Jane's solo career would float around the fringes of being commercially accepted. (Sporadic Go-Go's reunions occasionally helped to spark interest in what she was up to.) Does it bother her? We'd have to ask her. I don't think it matters, a lot of artists do what they do because they love it. Instead of answering to record label wishes, I think artists sometimes create their best and most engaging work when they are truly left to their own devices. The same is true for Jane, who rediscovered her pop punk roots once again in the mid 90's.
Jane Wiedlin's returned with an enthusiast new band called FroSTed (The capital ST stands for Star Trek. Apparently Jane is a trekkie from way back!). With the help of an old friend, Go-Go's guitarist Charlotte Caffey (as a composer/songwriter on several tracks) and three energetic band members (Brian Waters, Sean Demott and Lance Porter), FroSTed hit all the right notes to create Cold (1996), ultimately a well received album. Everything about her collaborative effort, from her wry lyrics to the urgency of rushed guitars highlights Jane's real love for punk music. Today, it stands as one of those overlooked pop punk treats, lost in the haze of many of the mid nineties big hitters like The Smashing Pumpkins, Foo Fighters, Alanis Morrisette and Green Day. Nonetheless, Jane Wiedlin proved she still had a surprise or two musically up her sleeve.
"I keep trying, I don't know why I do/ Sweetly beating, my head against the wall/ I keep lying, lying thru my teeth/ Waiting, patiently for my moment to fall…" – Call Me Crazy (Jane Wiedlin)
In 2000, Jane released her fourth studio album Kissproof World with little fanfare, again largely ignored by record buyers. However fans, of course, like myself were treated to yet another edgier album, a lot like Cold, in which Rolling Stone magazine called a "solo tour-de-force by an entrepreneur, an actress and rock goddess."
However following Kissproof World's release, Jane put her music career on hold to concentrate on her budding acting career. (She first caught the acting bug playing Joan of Arc in the comedy film Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure in 1989). Though Sporadic Go-Go's reunions helped to spark interest in what she was up to. Interestingly, in 2009 Jane became an ordained minister, which only reaffirmed her chameleon nature. And more recently, she was part of The Go-Go's farewell tour of 2016, which finally put a close to one of the great all-female bands of all time.
But this year marks the long awaited return of Jane's first studio album since 2000. In the summer of 2017, Jane together with multi-instrumentalist Pietro Straccia, will release an album entitled You're A Boy Or A Girl. The duo call themselves Elettrodomestico and have already been compared to bands such as Metric, The Flaming Lips and The XX. Personally, I look forward to seeing how Jane has reinvented herself.
Photo Credits: The image of Jane Weidlin in the late 80's is licensed and used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license. I am not the uploader of You Tube clips embedded here.
Tagged in: 80's music, FroSTed, Hollywood punk scene, Jane Wiedlin, Music, Music History, Pop, Pop punk, Punk rock, Rush Hour, Tangled, The Go-Go's, Women in Music, World On Fire
myeagermind	 March 6, 2017 at 11:33 am
I was already a corrupted youth during the 80's and it's safe to say that Annie Lennox had no part in it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The week will feature the "Second International Conference on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (S2S)", the "Second International Conference on Seasonal to Decadal Prediction (S2D)" as well as a joint segment addressing coming issues.
Weather and climate variations on subseasonal to decadal timescales can have enormous social, economic, and environmental impacts, making skillful predictions on these timescales a valuable tool for policymakers. As such, there is a growing interest in the scientific, operational, and applications communities in developing forecasts to improve our foreknowledge of events. On S2S timescales, these include high-impact meteorological events such as tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, and heat and cold waves. On S2D timescales, while the focus broadly remains on similar events, e.g., precipitation, surface temperatures, and upper ocean heat content and their effects on the probability of these types of meteorological events, deciphering the roles of internal and externally-forced variability in forecasts also becomes important. The S2S and S2D communities share very similar, if not identical, scientific and technical challenges. These common challenges include forecast initialization and ensemble generation; initialization shock and drift; understanding the onset of model systematic errors; bias correction, calibration, and skill assessment; model resolution; atmosphere-ocean coupling; and linking research, operations, and users.
This meeting is open to all scientists, producers, and users involved in subseasonal to decadal climate predictions and related topics, including graduate students and early career scientists.


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Home » Ask the Therapist » Is My Boyfriend Gay?
Is My Boyfriend Gay?
Asked by CherryLady on 2018-05-8 with 1 answer:
From Turkey: Back in July I met a guy through a friend. He found me through my friend's Facebook page. After 2 weeks he wanted to become a couple. He seemed to rush things. He invited me to a wedding on the 10th day of our relationship, wanted to go on holiday with me and talked to his mother and sister about me. Then he inteoduced me to his friends. I thought such things were too premature at this early stage. In the meantime, I had a feeling like he had no relationship before and that I was his first girlfriend.
In the first month of our relationship he seemed so much in love with me, he would text me all day although he was at work. At week 3, he wanted to have sex, but I told him it's too early. He first got disappointed and asked if I don't want him and we are both above 30 years old. I explained him that I want it to be special and not in rush. He understood.
In the beginning of September he got distant with me. He stopped texting like he used to do and he stopped calling. But every time we got together, he still seemed so much in love with me. In mid-September he wanted to organize a holiday with me for the end of September. A night before our holiday we got intimate again and I asked him if we could wait until our holiday one more night. I wanted our first time to be in a very romantic atmosphere. He understood and we cuddled.
I need to say that his penis was very small, 7 cm when erected and it has always been a question mark for me. But I have never mentioned about it and he didn't seem to care either. On our holiday, I wanted to have sex but he opened his eyes with fear and told me it is too early for sex and we don't know each other yet. He even didn't undress me. He said dry sex is pleasant too. The second night we slept without even dry sex. A week after the holiday, he broke up with me via text message saying he doesn't love me anymore. But a night before, he wanted to see me and he seemed so much in love.
I am clueless.
I'm sure this is very confusing and disappointing. Nothing you have said tells me anything about his sexual orientation. His penis size is irrelevant. His behavior with you could be caused by many things. My only guess is that he may be in some kind of approach/avoidance tension with love and sex.
Your story reminds me of teenagers who want so much to be in love and to have sex but who are, at the same time, terrified of both. His behavior makes a kind of sense if his interest in you was his first attempt at a relationship or if he has had a number of failed relationships.
The only way to know for sure is to ask him. If you can be curious and not take whatever he says as a personal rejection, you have little to lose by asking him what happened. But if your feelings are still raw, it may be better for you to remind yourself that his pursuit seemed too fast from the start and that this gentleman has too many problems to be a partner for you.
Hartwell-Walker, D. (2018). Is My Boyfriend Gay?. Psych Central. Retrieved on July 16, 2019, from https://psychcentral.com/ask-the-therapist/2016/01/08/is-my-boyfriend-gay/
About Our Therapists
By Therapist Marie Hartwell-Walker, Ed.D.
Kristina Randle, Ph.D., LCSW
Daniel J. Tomasulo, Ph.D., TEP, MFA
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?


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Vikings vs. Bengals Preview
Photo: Heavy.com
Tonight, the Vikings open up the preseason against the Cincinnati Bengals at Paul Brown Stadium in Ohio. Daniel House previews the game, provides some players to watch closely, and notes a few specific position groups to monitor.
Tonight, the Vikings open up the preseason against the Cincinnati Bengals at Paul Brown Stadium in Ohio. With training camp and the joint practices with the Bengals in the books, the live action starts tonight. This is an excellent time to evaluate some of the deep portions of the roster. Additionally, it will help fringe roster players bolster their resume. I provide some players to watch closely and note a few specific position groups to monitor.
For more, take a dive inside my Vikings vs. Bengals preview:
The offensive line depth
As I have explained numerous times, offensive line depth is one of my main concerns entering the season. Both Jeremiah Sirles and T.J. Clemmings had an up-and-down camp and need to show they can be consistent in the preseason. This is the first time we can evaluate either of them with full-speed game action. If they both continue to struggle, the Vikings may need to look for ways to improve the backup swing tackle spot. Last year, the second and third-team offensive line units were annihilated in the preseason and it translated into the regular season. Seeing an improvement from those groups would be very encouraging for the offensive line heading into the regular season.
Additionally, the starting center spot is still up for grabs. Joe Berger and John Sullivan are sure to rotate frequently in the middle. Berger has been getting the starting nod in practice, but Sullivan might blend into the rotation too.
Finally, the starters won't play frequently, but Matt Kalil needs to see some action. Bengals defensive end Michael Johnson will be a nice matchup for Kalil to open 2016. He needs to prove he can handle the starting role.
The offensive line rotation is still wide-open and a player like Brandon Fusco needs show he is back to 100% strength as well. The preseason is a time to find the best mix up front and that will start by rotating various players and finding the best overall contributors.
The offensive line needs to show growth, and for the most part, they did in training camp. However, translating success into production on game day is an entirely different scenario.
Treadwell makes his debut
All eyes will be on Vikings rookie wide receiver Laquon Treadwell's NFL debut. He probably won't see much action with Teddy Bridgewater and the first-team, but he will be on the field frequently with the second-team offensive unit. Treadwell has all the tools to be a great wide receiver and will need reps to put all of his attributes together. His route running and overall physical playing style make him an intriguing product in the red zone. Until he completely develops into a full-time wide receiver, Treadwell will be unleashed inside the 20-yard line to maximize his skill-set. Treadwell needs to improve his hands and familiarity in the offense. As I have said before, his work ethic is impressive and he will put in the time to be great. Tonight, he has the chance to make a big debut.
The battle at linebacker
One of the more difficult positions to evaluate in training camp is the linebacker group. With live contact, tackling, and more play diagnosis in the preseason, it is easier to develop a better scouting report. The main area to watch will be the battle for the final one or two roster spots at linebacker. Aside from Anthony Barr, Eric Kendricks, Chad Greenway, and Emmanuel Lamur, there are no safe bets. Audie Cole will see plenty of action with Eric Kendricks out and the veteran doesn't look to be in danger. However, with rookie Kentrell Brothers and returning players Edmond Robinson and Brandon Watts in the room, anything is possible. Brothers is known for his tackling ability and it will be worth seeing how he holds up in live NFL action. Brandon Watts was injured and it is uncertain whether he will play in Cincinnati. He needs to get healthy because his roster spot is already hanging by a thread. Edmond Robinson wasn't spotted at the joint practices, so tonight will be a huge opportunity for Kentrell Brothers to see some extended action.
Monitoring the pass rush
The Vikings pass rush has been the big storyline coming out of the joint practices with Cincinnati. They have been dominating up front and with the amount of depth they have, this will hopefully be a reoccurring theme throughout the season. Danielle Hunter has been showing his polished pass rushing skills and will put them on display tonight. Players like Zach Moore and Justin Trattou will have a chance to bolster their resume against a Bengals offensive line unit that was one of the best in the league last season. In training camp, every portion of the defensive line looked debilitating and I want to see if that continues throughout the preseason.
Diamond-in-the-rough talents and fringe roster guys
There are several players on the roster to keep a close eye on. Particularly, some of the under-the-radar and fringe roster players. Up front, it is worth evaluating Jeremiah Sirles, T.J. Clemmings, Zac Kerin, Nick Easton, and Austin Shepherd. Sirles and Clemmings need to show they can handle the backup swing tackle position. In addition, Zac Kerin is a potential rotational interior offensive lineman who could snatch a roster spot. Nick Easton flashed during camp as a potential center for the future and will get his chance later in the second half. Finally, I want to see Austin Shepherd get some action at both guard and tackle. I think he has a higher ceiling than Willie Beavers, but will need the opportunity to show it in the preseason. The offensive line is an intriguing area for battles this preseason and these are the main names to watch closely.
Adam Thielen has been stealing all of the first-team reps in three wide receiver sets. Jarius Wright has been running with the second team. Tonight is the first time we will see how they handle Wright and Thielen in live action.
Willkommen in der NFL, Moritz Böhringer. The German sensation will make his NFL debut tonight. Böhringer has looked slightly behind the curve. Nonetheless, it will be intriguing to see how he handles live action against opposing players.
At running back, with Jhurell Pressley missing the joint practices, he probably won't play. In fact, it is uncertain if he even made the trip. C.J. Ham will see extended action during Pressley's absence. Ham is a powerful running back that flashed some good hands out of the backfield. He won't blow you away with his speed, but he is pretty skilled for a small school player.
Many of you have asked for a diamond-in-the-rough defensive lineman to keep a close eye on throughout the preseason. As camp progressed, defensive tackle Toby Johnson started to emerge. He was winning 1-on-1 battles against the offensive line and near the of camp, had a huge run stop in the backfield during team drills. I want to see if Johnson has any potential during the preseason.
If you have been reading any of my posts, you know I'm pretty excited about the position transition of cornerback Tre Roberson. He switched from quarterback to cornerback and has done it pretty flawlessly. His footwork and technique are pretty impressive for a player that just made the switch to defensive back. Tonight, he will get tested for the first time against an opponent in live action.
Cornerback Trae Waynes will get plenty of time to show how he has progressed in training camp. Terence Neman is out and Waynes needs to take advantage. Also, Mackensie Alexander will be making his NFL debut and can show how much he has grown over the first few weeks of his career.
Jayron Kearse has been one of the bright spots throughout training camp. In limited snaps, Kearse has been around the ball and making plays. He still sits on the third-tier of the depth chart, but will finally unleash the physicality he so badly wanted to display in training camp practices. Kearse needs to make a charge for a final 53-man roster spot in the preseason.
Troy Stoudermire hasn't provided much at wide receiver, but he will see a plethora of return reps tonight. This will especially be the case with Marcus Sherels out on family leave. Stoudermire has improved his return skills since joining the team and special teams coordinator Mike Priefer said he was excited to see him play in the preseason.
Finally, Marken Michel is my last player to watch closely. Michel has speed and decent hands, but he needs to work on improving his route running to get open consistently. He flashed during the end of camp and might get some snaps later in the game.
Where can you watch the game?
In the Twin Cities market, the game kicks off at 6:30pm CT on Fox-9 out of Minneapolis, MN. Otherwise, you can tune into the radio for the broadcast on KFAN FM-100.3. If you live out of state, there is a 7-day free trial of NFL Preseason Live available on NFL.com.


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HomeNewsDental implants or root canal treatment: Which is better?
Sometimes a tooth becomes infected, inflamed and painful and requires root canal treatment to solve the pain and infection and save the tooth.
Both root canal procedures and conventional implants have their place in addressing the issue of a badly damaged and infected tooth, but first we must understand the basics of these treatments.
The aim of root canal treatment is to clean the canal system and reduce the number of bacteria in the tooth to a level where problems such as pain are eliminated. Then the canal system is filled so that bacteria will find it more difficult to colonise. For a restorable tooth, the success rate can be 90 per cent or higher. Root canal treatment has come a long way over the past forty years. In the past, it has been the subject of many horror stories but these days the procedure is comfortable and can often be completed in one visit by one of our specialists. Most teeth should then have a crown fitted.
To replace a missing tooth, or a tooth with a hopeless prognosis, a titanium implant is placed into the bone and a fixed crown attached to mimic the lost tooth. The end result should look, feel and perform just like a natural tooth.
The aim of both of the above procedures is to provide the patient with a functional tooth, whether the base of that tooth is natural (root canal treated tooth) or prosthetic (titanium implant).
There is no best treatment as such, but there is probably a "best" treatment for your particular case. Core Dental's specialist endodontists and general dentists can advise you on the pros and cons of each to help you decide which is right for you. There are many factors at play, such as a tooth having little remaining tooth structure, or previous root canal treatment of the same tooth diminishing the long-term prognosis. In terms of general health, certain issues such as diabetes, smoking and osteoporosis can reduce the long-term success rate for dental implants.
My general advice to patients is to try to keep what they have. With the high success rate of root canal therapy and specialist care, you can often expect a root canal and crowned tooth to last ten years or more. By contrast, once you have extracted a tooth there is no going back!
If a tooth is restorable I will always advise my patients to have an examination and a discussion about the prognosis of that tooth, either with me as a general dentist or with one of our specialist endodontists if the tooth is more complex.
If a tooth is more broken down and has suffered a significant loss of structure, the long-term prognosis reduces and an implant may be a better solution. Again our specialist team are best qualified to advise you on your particular case. The success rate for dental implants has also shot up over the past few decades and the results available these days are truly amazing.
In summary, think "conservative": try to keep what you have! But if that's not possible, don't despair. Root canal treatment is not the only option.


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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Cosmic rays (CRs) are high-energy charged particles that strike the atmosphere almost isotropically. They are composed by protons and helium nuclei (99\%), heavier nuclei, electrons (e$^-$), positrons (e$^+$), antiprotons and neutrinos. Currently, there are galactic propagation models that reproduce the e$^\pm$ CR energy spectrum assuming they are secondary products of the sea of CR collisions.
However, the e$^+$ content in the total e$^\pm$ flux above 10 GeV (also known as ``positron excess'') measured by PAMELA and AMS amongst others, can only be explained if there is one or several sources injecting them. Moreover, taking into account standard diffusion and cooling of e$^\pm$, the extension of the e$^\pm$ spectrum up to TeV energies can only be explained if the source is nearby ($\sim$hundreds of parsecs) and middle age ($\sim$hundred of kyr). Pulsars, as factories of e$^\pm$, are one of the proposed candidates to explain the origin of this excess, however there are also more exotic explanations such as galactic jets \cite{Gupta2014} or dark matter \cite{Ibarra2013}. To measure the maximum energy reached by these e$^\pm$ at the Earth and unveil the origin of the positron excess is one of the most important questions unsolved in astroparticle physics nowadays. Since e$^\pm$ are charged particles, their arrival direction does not point to their origin because they are deflected by magnetic fields. One of the ways to study sources of CRs is to analyse the neutral subproducts of CR collisions such as gamma rays.

We developed EDGE (Electron Diffusion and Gamma rays to the Earth), a code to treat diffusion of electrons that was used in \cite{Geminga} to compute the electron diffusion from a central source, derive its $\gamma$-ray spectrum, profile and the all-electron density in the space. We present in this paper the fundaments of the code and study how different parameters affect the $\gamma$-ray spectrum of a source and the electron flux measured at the Earth.

\section{Diffusion of electrons}
\label{sec:diffusion}
If we assume a spherically symmetric case where electrons are diffusing from the pulsar, the equation that describes this process is:

\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial f}{\partial t} = \frac{D}{r^2}\frac{\partial}{\partial r}r^2\frac{\partial f}{\partial r}  + \frac{\partial}{\partial \gamma}(Pf) + Q
\end{equation}

where $\gamma$=E/m$_e$c$^2$ with E the energy of the particle, m$_e$ the mass of the electron and c the speed of light. $f(r,t,\gamma)$ is the energy distribution of particles at an instant t and distance r from the source, $D(\gamma$) the energy dependent diffusion coefficient, $P(\gamma$) the energy loss rate and $Q(r,t,\gamma$) is proportional to the injection spectrum. The details about how to solve this equation for particular cases can be found in  \cite{Atoyan95}. The Green function for this equation for an arbitrary injection spectrum $\Delta N (\gamma)$ is given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:energy_density}
 f(r,t,\gamma) = \frac{\Delta N (\gamma_t) P(\gamma_t)}{\pi^{3/2}P(\gamma) r_{\textrm{diff}}^3} \exp \left( - \frac{r^2}{r_{\textrm{diff}}^2} \right)
\end{equation}

where $\gamma_t$ corresponds to the initial energy of the particles. The diffusion radius ($r_{\textrm{diff}}$) represents the mean free path of e$^\pm$ of a given energy. It is given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:rdiff}
r_{\textrm{diff}}=2\sqrt{\Delta u}
\end{equation}

and $\Delta u$:

\begin{equation}
\Delta u = \int^{\gamma_t}_{\gamma}{  D(x) dx / P(x) }
\label{eq:lambda}
\end{equation}

is the integral over the particle history from an initial energy $\gamma_t$ to an energy $\gamma$.

\subsection{Injection spectrum}

\subsubsection{Time-dependence}
\label{sec:time-dependence}

Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that produce periodic radiation by spinning their powerful magnetic field through space. They loss their rotational energy by emitting a wind of electron and positron pairs that diffuses away when these particles escape outside of the pulsar's magnetosphere. We assume that this emission is isotropic and the wind is composed by the same quantity of electrons and positrons. Let us talk about some properties of pulsars that are important to characterize their emission.

The luminosity of a pulsar is given by \cite{Gaensler06}:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:luminosity}
L(t) = L_0\left(   1 +  \frac{t}{\tau}\right)^{-\frac{n+1}{n-1}}
\end{equation}

where $n$ is the braking index of the pulsar, $L_0$ is the initial luminosity and $\tau$ the characteristic time. We assume that the pulsar behaves as a dipole, therefore $n$=3.
The characteristic age $\tau_{\rm{c}}$ of a pulsar is estimated from its period and period derivative and is given by:

\begin{equation}
\tau_{\rm{c}} = \frac{P}{2 \dot{P}}
\end{equation}

\subsubsection{Spectral shape}

If we assume that the spectrum of injected electrons is given by a power-law:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:injection_spectrum}
\frac{dN}{dE}=Q(\gamma,t) = Q_0 \gamma^{-\alpha}
\end{equation}

where $Q_0$ is the initial injection rate and $\alpha$ the injection rate's index. The injection rate is related to the pulsar's luminosity by the equation:

\begin{equation}
L_e(t) = \int^{\gamma \rm{min}}_{{\gamma \rm{max}}}Q(\gamma,t) \gamma m_{\rm{e}} c^2 d\gamma
\end{equation}

with $L_e(t)=\mu L(t)$. $L(t)$ is given by equation \ref{eq:luminosity} and $\mu$ is a constant $<$1 that determines the fraction of the luminosity that is transferred to electrons. The initial injection rate is therefore given by:

\begin{equation}
Q_0 = \left( \int^{\gamma \rm{min}}_{{\gamma \rm{max}}}\gamma^{-\alpha} \gamma m_{\rm{e}} c^2 d\gamma \right)^{-1} \frac{1}{\mu L_0}\left(   1 +  \frac{t}{\tau}\right)^{2}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Energy loss}
The energy loss rate is given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:energyloss}
P(\gamma) = -\frac{d \gamma}{dt}
\end{equation}

here we include synchrotron, Inverse Compton (IC) and bremsstrahlung losses.

\subsubsection{Inverse Compton:} We calculate the IC cross-section in two different regimes, depending on the target photon ($E_{\rm{ph}}$) and electron ($E_e$) energies:
\label{sec:inverse_compton}
\begin{enumerate}

\item if ($E_{\rm{ph}} \gamma_e / (m_e c^2)  < 0.1 $)

we use the Thomson equation for the IC losses:

\begin{equation}
P(\gamma)_{\rm{IC}} = \frac{4 \sigma_T c}{3} U_{\rm{ph}} \gamma^2
\end{equation}

with $\sigma_T$ the Thomson IC cross-section, $c$ the speed of light and $U_{\rm{ph}}$ the energy density of the target photons.

\item if ($E_{\rm{ph}} \gamma_e / (m_e c^2)  > 0.1 $)

P($\gamma_{\rm{IC}}$) is calculated using the full Klein-Nishina equation \cite{Blumenthal70}. We use equation 2.48 of \cite{Blumenthal70} to calculate the emissivity of the radiation fields and integrate it over the photon and electron spectra. The radiation targets are added as a grey body distribution with mean the temperature of each of the radiation fields.
\end{enumerate}

\subsubsection{Synchrotron:}

The synchrotron losses are given by \cite{Moderski05}:

\begin{equation}
P(\gamma)_{\rm{syn}} = \frac{4 \sigma_T c}{3} \frac{B^2}{8\pi} \gamma^2
\end{equation}

with $B$ the magnetic field experienced by the particles.

\subsubsection{Bremsstrahlung:}

The bremsstrahlung energy losses are taken from Eq. 9 of \cite{Haug04} for $E> 500$ keV. The ambient density $n$ assumed is 1~cm$^{-3}$

\subsection{Diffusion coefficient}
The energy-dependent diffusion coefficient is given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:diff_coefficient}
D(\gamma) = D_{0} \left(   1+ \frac{\gamma}{\gamma^{\star}}  \right)^\delta
\end{equation}

where D$_{0}$ is the diffusion coefficient normalization, $\gamma^{\star}$ is usually taken $\sim$ 6$\times$10$^3$ (corresponding to $E^{\star}$=3 GeV) and $\delta$ the diffusion exponent, usually between 0.3 and 0.6 \cite{Atoyan95,Yuksel08}.

\subsection{Electron/positron flux at the Earth}
\label{sec:electron_positron_flux}
The electron flux at the Earth for a given source with an age $t_{\rm{age}}$ and situated at a distance $d$ is given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:flux_earth}
J(\gamma) = \frac{c}{4\pi} f(d_{\rm{Earth}},t_{\rm{age}},\gamma)
\end{equation}

where $d_{\rm{Earth}}$ is the distance from the source to the Earth and $t_{\rm{age}}$ the age of the source.

\subsection{Positron fraction at the Earth}
\label{sec:electron_positron_fraction}

The positron fraction for a given $\gamma$ will be given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:fraction_earth}
\frac{\rm{e}^+}{\rm{e}^++\rm{e}^-} (\gamma)= \frac{0.5 \times \rm{J(\gamma) + Sec.[e}^+]}{\rm{J(\gamma)+ Sec.[e}^+]+\rm{Prim.[e}^-]+\rm{Sec.[e}^-]}
\end{equation}

where the primary and secondary electron and positron fluxes are coming from secondary CR interactions. For these fluxes, we use the theoretical from the right panel of Figure 5 on \cite{Moskalenko97}.

\section{Electron, positron and $\gamma$-ray fluxes calculations using EDGE}
\label{sec:edge}

The \textbf{E}lectron \textbf{D}iffusion and \textbf{G}amma rays at the \textbf{E}arth (\textbf{EDGE}) is a flexible code that accepts as input parameters different pulsar and environment characteristics and gives as a final output the $\gamma$-ray spectrum produced by the source and the electron and positron flux produced at the Earth by this source.
The code uses dependencies several dependencies from the GAMERA package \cite{GAMERA}. We will give an overview of the calculations performed by the code and the results obtained with a set of selected parameters.

\subsection{Default paremeters}
In the following, we will give a brief description of the default parameters used in the code.

\subsubsection{General parameters}
The age of the system is selected $t_{\rm{age}}=300$ kyr and the distance to the Earth $d_{\rm{Earth}}$=250 pc.

\subsubsection{Injection spectrum}

Since we would like to derive a $\gamma$-ray spectrum together with the all-electron spectrum at the Earth, we will use the pulsar-like injection mechanism described in Section \ref{sec:time-dependence}.
The minimum and maximum energy of the simulated electron spectrum are selected $E_{\rm{min}}$=1 GeV and $E_{\rm{max}}$=500 TeV. The injection spectrum index assumed is $\alpha$=2.2. The fraction of spin-down power transformed into $\gamma$-ray emission assumed is $\mu$=0.5.

\subsubsection{Energy losses}
The target photon fields used are:
\begin{itemize}

\item CMB: $\epsilon_{\rm{CMB}}=0.26\ $eV/cm$^3$, T=2.7 K
\item Infrarred: $\epsilon_{\rm{IR}}=0.3\ $eV/cm$^3$, T=20 K
\item Optical: $\epsilon_{\rm{Opt}}=0.3\ $eV/cm$^3$, T=5000 K
\end{itemize}
The default value for the magnetic field is $B=3 \mu$G.

\subsubsection{Diffusion coefficient}
We select $\delta$=0.33 driven by \cite{Kolmogorov1941} and in agreement with recent measurements \cite{Aguilar2016_BCratio}.

\subsection{Energy density in space}
The procedure to get the electron and positron flux at the Earth starts by evaluating the energy density of the electrons produced by the central pulsar (Eq. \ref{eq:energy_density}) for a time $t=t_{\rm{age}}$ in every point of the space and for the full range of energies. If we numerically solve Eq. \ref{eq:lambda} and \ref{eq:energyloss} and given all the other parameters, we obtain a look-up table with the energy density of e$^\pm$ for different energies and at different distances from the pulsar. If we consider cooling in the Thomson regime, we can use the cooling time of electrons in the Thomson regime, given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:cooling}
t_{\rm{cool}} \approx 3 \times 10^5 \left( \frac{E}{\rm{TeV}} \frac{\epsilon}{\rm{eV\ cm}^{-3}} \right)^{-1} \rm{yr}
\end{equation}

where $E$ the energy of the electrons and $\epsilon$ is the energy density of the target photons plus the magnetic field. The diffusion radius has therefore the following dependencies:

\begin{enumerate}[label=\roman*)]

\item if $t_{\rm{cool}} (E) < t_{\rm{age}}$ (corresponding to $E\gtrsim1$ TeV), the system is cooling-limited and the diffusion radius $r_{\rm{diff}}\propto E^{(\delta-1)/2}$ increases with decreasing energy.

\item if $t_{\rm{cool}} (E) > t_{\rm{age}}$ (corresponding to $E\lesssim1$ TeV), the system is age-limited and the diffusion radius is $r_{\rm{diff}}\propto E^{\delta/2}$ increases with increasing energy.

\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Electron spectra}
\label{sec:electron_spectra}

Once we have the density of electrons in all points of the space, we compute the quantity of electrons that are inside the volume given by the line of sight from the earth to the source.

The selected size for the source is $\theta=5^\circ$. We compute the differential energy of the electrons contained inside the source's volume. To do it, we integrate over a sphere centered at the pulsar position with its boundaries limited by the size of the cone. The result of this integration is the differential energy spectrum of all the electrons that are producing the $\gamma$-ray emission. The spectral energy distribution of these electrons is shown on the right panel of Figure \ref{fig:electron_spectra}. The kink present at $E\sim1$ TeV represents the transition from the energy where electrons are not cooled to that where they are cooled. The difference in spectral indices between the these two regions has the same origin. If we computes the total differential output of electrons in the case of no cooling and slow diffusion, situation where all the injected electrons should be contained inside the integrated volume, we recovered the total energy of the injected electrons.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{figures/Electron_Spectrum_Paper.eps}
\caption{Spectral energy distribution of electrons from the source. }
\label{fig:electron_spectra}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Gamma-ray spectra}
The gamma-ray spectrum at TeV energies is produced by IC up-scattering of ambient photons, mainly CMB at multi-TeV energies. As mentioned in Section \ref{sec:inverse_compton}, we use Eq. 2.48 from \cite{Blumenthal70} to calculate the IC emissivity of each of the samples shown in Figure \ref{fig:electron_spectra}. The results are shown on Figure \ref{fig:gamma_spectra}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{figures/Gamma_Spectra_Paper.eps}
\caption{Gamma-ray spectra for a source of $\theta=5^\circ$. Gray lines showing the Crab flux are also included.}
\label{fig:gamma_spectra}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Modeling $e^\pm$ Propagation to Earth}

To compute the electron and positron flux provided by a given source at the Earth, we use Eq. \ref{eq:flux_earth}. For the fraction of positrons that this source contributes to, we use Eq. \ref{eq:fraction_earth}. The results are shown on Figure \ref{fig:flux_fraction_Earth}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{figures/Flux_Earth_Paper.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{figures/Fraction_Earth_Paper.eps}
\caption{All-electron flux at the Earth (left panel) and positron fraction (right panel).}
\label{fig:flux_fraction_Earth}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
We developed a code to calculate the diffusion of electrons and positrons from point-like sources to the Earth. With the code we can calculate the distribution of electrons and positrons produced by a central source, the $\gamma$-ray spectrum produced by this source and the electron and positron flux produced by these source at the Earth, as well as the positron fraction.

The code can be found in the github repository https://github.com/rlopezcoto/EDGE

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors would like to thank the HAWC collaboration for useful discussions during the development of the electron diffusion code.

\bibliographystyle{JHEP}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Live site using old, cached version of CSS (style.css?v=2) I recently pushed changes to two pages on a live site. One page received the CSS changes, while the other appears to be using an old version of the CSS file.
In the Sources tab of Chrome Dev tools, the page that is correct has my CSS files as style.css and mobile.css, and the page that is displaying with the old CSS has these as style.css?v=2 and mobile.css?v=2.
No amount of Cmd + Shift + R or Empty Cache and Hard Reload seems to be fixing this. What can I do to push these changes?
Maybe if I manually set:
<link href="css/style.css?v=3" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="css/mobile.css?v=3" rel="stylesheet">

..would that do it? Or something else?
Is it possible that it will just take some time for the live server to reflect these changes?

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Where do those (really) come from?
How have you used your strengths/gifts for yourself, others, church or God?
What jumps out to you from Ephesians 4: 1-16?
What is the significance of Paul changing it from the conquering king TAKING gifts to GIVING gifts? What does it reveal about Jesus' heart/intentions?
How have you seen the church "grow together in unified diversity" under Jesus? How have you seen the opposite of this?
What did you think/feel about the descriptions of the "Apostle" role? How does it apply to you?
Why is the role of the apostle so important to the Church? What would the Church be like without apostles?
What cautions do you see for apostles?
What excites you most about the APEST series? What do you dread/fear most?
How does the role of "apostle" help you grow as a disciple who loves God, loves people & serves the world?
*For a FREE APEST TEST text Jason (801-828-8262) & you will receive the link to the test.


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HomeSports
Texas Tech lands strong signing class under McGuire
Texas Tech reaped the benefits of head coach Joey McGuire's ties throughout the state of Texas on Wednesday as the Red Raiders officially signed 16 high school prospects to National Letters of Intent to start the early signing period.
Since his hire in early November, McGuire and his staff quickly assembled one of the top signing classes in recent memory as Texas Tech currently ranks inside the top 40 nationally by both Rivals and 247Sports. McGuire had just over a month to finalize the star-studded list, which currently ranks as the highest-rated class for the Red Raiders since 2015 by 247Sports and 2012 by Rivals.
"Today was a great day for the future of Red Raider Football," McGuire said. "This class will be the cornerstone of our future success here at Texas Tech, and we are so fortunate that these signees and their families chose to be Red Raiders. We can't wait to get each of these kids to campus to start working on building a championship program our fans and supporters can be proud of each time we take the field."
The class of high-school prospects adds to the three transfer signees announced Tuesday in wide receiver Brady Boyd (Minnesota), linebacker Dimitri Moore (Missouri State) and defensive back Tyler Owens (Texas). All three will enroll at Texas Tech at semester alongside high school signees Joseph Adedire (Arlington, Texas), Landon Hullaby (Mansfield, Texas), Ty Kana (Katy, Texas), Kaden Weatherby (Aurora, Colo.) and Trevon McAlpine (Saraland, Ala.).
Texas Tech leaned heavily on the defensive side of the ball with 11 high school signees set to join new coordinator Tim DeRuyter's scheme. The class positioned the Red Raiders for depth in the trenches as the Red Raiders inked three offensive linemen and four on the defensive front to go along with a trio of linebackers.
McGuire and his staff will add to the class further in the coming months through additional transfer signees and high school prospects. The spring signing period kicks off Feb. 2 for high school and junior college signees.
Tags: Sports


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Posted on 4th March 2016 by Mr Moore
Hi Year 4
We said 'hello' to a new member of the class this week – Jack M. I'm sure that I should be able to claim a prize now that I have three Jacks in my class! Bournemouth is a long way from Leeds so I am really pleased with how much Cian, Toby, Jak and Jack H have done to make him feel at home.
On Tuesday some of the class went to Leeds Beckett University Arts Department where they decorated their clay plaques and painted a 'Dazzleship'.
Ruth from the Blah, Blah, Blah Theatre company worked with us on Thursday. We used drama and soundscapes to build on what we had read about in our class novel 'There's a Viking In My Bed'.
I didn't arrange it but I'm glad it snowed today as it provided extra inspiration for us to write about a journey through the land of the Viking frost giants. Subhaan was bursting with superb vocabulary and ideas, Toby and Jak made a massive effort to prove that they skilled writers and Rayah may have earned her Pen Pass. She'll have to wait until Monday to find out.
Please work on time telling skills this weekend, not just reading clocks but also understanding timetables. Pages 74 and 75 should be completed in the English Homework books before Thursday.
Make sure that you return your Parents Evening reply form to school as soon as possible so you can receive your preferred appointment time.
Star of the Week has to be Subhaan. Our conversations always amaze me. I am continually amazed by the breadth of his vocabulary and the depth of his thinking. We should all try and be a bit more like Subhaan – be hungry for knowledge, be full of wonder and imagine how things could be better.
Have a good weekend
7 thoughts on "Friday 4th March"
Zain on 7th March 2016 at 7:35 pm said:
Last week was a long week!
Alex Oxley on 8th March 2016 at 1:28 pm said:
I am grateful that we have a new person in our class!
Do mantas on 8th March 2016 at 1:46 pm said:
It was fun doing the maths games
Ismail on 8th March 2016 at 1:52 pm said:
It's great to have Jack here.
Jack H on 8th March 2016 at 1:53 pm said:
I hope jack M feels at home. I hope you like the school jack M
Domantas on 8th March 2016 at 1:55 pm said:
It's fun to be in this class
Taylor C on 11th March 2016 at 8:04 am said:
well done subbhann


Supplements Of Vitamins That Are The Best.
Proper functioning of the metabolisms in your body is facilitated by a vitamin which is a macronutrient. There are several ways in which you can access various vitamin supplements that are in existence. If used well, these supplements have various importance in your body. Reduction of risks of chronic diseases is one of the benefits of various vitamin suppelemts. This is by strengthening your body's defense organs making your body more immune. Blood pressure is also lowered by various vitamin supplements which reduces various heart diseases which may be caused by high blood pressure. There are many benefits of various vitamin supplements and thus you should make good use of these supplements.
If in need of supplements of vitamin, there are various ways you can access them. Vitamin supplements are advertising in various ways that firms that produce them have come up with. Through these advertisement channels, you get a chance to know where you can access these supplements. The social media and printed magazines are channels of advertisements that are used by various firms although most firms prefer use of websites to advertise their products. This website is preferred by many since info can be posted by various individuals and also info can be adjusted with time. If you make an effort of visiting these websites, you get a chance to view various advertisements that are made in different forms.
In various websites, there are various sections that are divided to facilitate various posts from various individuals. There is a section where various experts post their info and they make you aware of the health benefits of vitamin supplements. After you have been provided with a list of various benefits of vitamin supplements by those experts, you are able to know whether you need these suppliments. There are also other sections such as the feedback section where you can read more about vitamin supplements from those who have experienced various supplements. You are able to know how effective the supplements are from those who have already used them. This is of great help since you get a chance to make a good choice of the vitamin supplement to use.
If you make a decision of the vitamin supplement to use and you are willing to purchase it from the firm that has advertised it, you should contact the support team for help. You are linked to the firm that produced that product by the support team. You will then be provided with more info about various products after you have been linked with that firm. Various firms give you a chance to buy their products online. In this case, you will carry out all the transactions online and later they will look for a way to deliver the products to you.


The MiR Women's vest is design for women to maximize comfort and mobility. With 5-20lbs of weights, the vest is designed with weight distributed equally to ensure comfort throughout the workout. No matter if it's running, walking, or an intense workout, the MiR women's vest is design to let you breathe easily and train hard. With adjustable straps, and shoulder straps, it gives you the secure and snug fit that you want out of all vest. It gives you the range of motion, and yet is a perfect fit for your body. Made with 1200 D-Nylon, it gives you the comfort and durability at the same time. Workout with MiR Vest, and get back in shape again, get that body you want, quicker and better.
Includes one adjustable velcro belt, and 10Lbs of total weight.
Adjustable in 3lbs increments. 20lbs Maximum. One size fits all.


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Home Magic City Classic Magic City Classic R&B Music Group Bell Biv DeVoe Named Ambassadors for the State Farm...
R&B Music Group Bell Biv DeVoe Named Ambassadors for the State Farm Magic City Classic Presented By Coca-Cola
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The State Farm Magic City Classic presented by Coca- Cola announced that the American hip-hop and R&B music group Bell Biv DeVoe, also known as BBD, has been named this year's ambassadors for the October 25th game at Legion Field. And, for the first time ever, the ambassadors will also perform in the post-game concert.
Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins and Ronnie DeVoe formed after branching off from the pop group New Edition, which reached its height of popularity during the 1980s. New Edition helped lead the way for groups like New Kids on the Block, Backstreet Boys and Boyz II Men.
Bell Biv DeVoe's hit album, "Poison," from the 1990s reached number one on Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop chart and sold over three million copies. They have been recognized at the Soul Train Music Awards for Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Album of the Year, Group, Band or Duo, and they are currently working on their fourth album.
"We are excited to name Bell Biv DeVoe not only as our ambassador, but also as a performing act in the post-game concert at Legion Field," stated Nicole Hubbard of the State Farm Magic City Classic. "They will continue the legacy we have set of bringing in top-notch celebrities to represent the game and participate in game festivities. It will be exciting for Bell Biv DeVoe to not only serve as the ambassador, but also entertain the fans with some of their top hits."
For access to the post-game concert with Bell Biv DeVoe, fans must purchase a game ticket into Legion Field. A $20 general admission or $25 reserved seat ticket will give fans access to the game between Alabama A&M University and Alabama State University, the much-anticipated halftime show by the Marching Maroon and White and the Mighty Marching Hornets, along with a night of fun as Bell Biv DeVoe takes the stage to entertain for the post-game concert.
Bell Biv DeVoe will be added to the long list of A-list celebrities who have previously served as ambassadors for the State Farm Magic City Classic including Ice Cube, Bootsy Collins, LisaRaye, Sinbad, Wendy Williams, Charles Barkley, Vivica A. Fox and more.
Follow the Magic City Classic on:
Twitter: @MagicCTClassic
Facebook: State Farm Magic City Classic
Instagram: @MagicCityClassic
Visit www.themagiccityclassic.com.
Previous article73rd Magic City Classic
Next articleThe Marching Maroon & White Band


Technology, social media, tweets, apps, and more have taken us by storm! Recently, we lost iconic mastermind, Steve Jobs, but we are so grateful for his genius creations... Iphone and Ipad (the newest gadget) keeps everyone on their toes in the industry. There are some helpful apps out there and so many to keep up with! Here is a list of the Top 5.
HUD Fights Discrimination. HUD grants support $28 million to non-profits to fight discrimination .This funding will help people understand their housing rights. Read more.
Mortgage Lenders get to know MORE! As if credit reports weren't revealing enough....now, lenders will be able to dig deeper into borrowers' past.
Coach's Corner. Dirk Zeller gives positive affirmations in this week's edition of his weekly newsletter.
Realtor Safety Report. Realtor Safety Month has come and gone but remains an important issue in the industry. Crimes are still being committed and it is important to know how to be safe and still make a sell! Check out these statistics in the Realtor Safety Report.


Good to know about your favorite workout pants. I am really happy to find this interesting post. Actually I too will be starting running sessions and will buy new clothes. I am going to invest in the Carbon 38 workout clothes as there will be a huge sale offer on that.


text:
<?php

namespace Creios\Creiwork\Framework\Result\Interfaces;

/**
 * Interface StatusCodeResultInterface
 * @package Creios\Creiwork\Framework\Result\Interfaces
 */
interface StatusCodeResultInterface
{

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public function getStatusCode();

    /**
     * @param int $statusCode
     * @return $this
     */
    public function withStatusCode($statusCode);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SFU prof wants to close high seas to fishing
Gurpreet Kambo
This article is courtesy of The Peak, Simon Fraser University's student newspaper. Find the original article here.
In a move that could leave the fish of the high seas breathing easier through their gills, one SFU instructor is advocating for international waters to be closed to fishing.
Isabelle Côté, a professor of marine ecology and conservation who was recently selected for the prestigious Leopold Leadership program at Stanford, has co-authored a new study in the Journal of Scientific Reports.
"Intense fishing in the high seas has resulted in habitat destruction and declining stocks of fish such as tunas and swordfishes," said Côté in her study.
The high seas are defined as those which do not belong to any country. Under international law, areas of the ocean that are within approximately 325 kilometres of any coastline— also called exclusive economic zones (EEZs)—are considered within the domain of that country, and they have economic rights over that land.
Outside of that area, however, the oceans fall under international jurisdiction. Thus, large swaths of the ocean are considered to belong to humanity as a whole.
According to Côté's study, fishery practice around the world would be minimally affected by closing the high seas. It states that less than one per cent of fish caught globally are caught in areas outside of domestic control. "Under realistic assumptions, closing the high seas would result in no loss in fish catches or landed value of them on a global scale," she wrote.
As part of the study, the authors also did an analysis of the economic impacts on individual countries.
"People have been talking about this for a while," Côté said in an interview with the Vancouver Sun. "What had been missing was an economic analysis. It's fine to say, 'Let's close the high seas to fishing. There are likely to be some great ecological benefits to doing this.' But at the end of the day, what's going to happen economically to the countries no longer allowed to fish there?"
She notes that a few countries would be affected negatively, but most would actually gain from it, including Canada. "Once you allow the fish populations to recover, fish start spilling out of the no-take zones into the EEZs, and actually increase the catches there," she explained.
"Given various assumptions, [Canada] would stand to gain in the ballpark of $100 million to $125 million [per year]."
Côté hopes that the study will help spur national and international laws to protect the seas. "I hope our research increases understanding of the need for this," she said. "I am delighted that the high seas are starting to be recognized as a valuable resource that deserves protection and stewardship."


This Wednesday we'll have our pub night at The Famous Warehouse. There are several good reasons to show up for this pub night. The food is not only great but also very cheap. Take a look yourself here. You'll be able to get good food for just 4.95$! As you can see on the menu, The Famous Warehouse offers nice salads, great tortillas, delicious burgers (of course) and mooch more.
Also, it's a chance to have a little celebration as someone will soon turn 27… guess who. And it'll be your last cha nce to sign up for laser tag. If you didn't have the chance to join our stand up paddling activity last Saturday you'll also have the opportunity to hear a bit about this fun experience.
We'll meet at 6pm at 989 Granville Street which is only five minutes walk from Vancouver City Centre Station.
You can sign up for the pub night here.
It's weekend again, and time to get out and experience some of the various great activities that Vancouver has to offer. But you might ask yourself… well here's a couple of suggestions to help you out.
On Fridays the Rio Theatre offers you the cool opportunity to experience or perhaps reexperience good old movie classics/cult movies. This Friday, September 5th, the Rio Theatre shows the good old action packed Terminator 1 and 2 movies. The doors open at 8:45pm and the first movie starts at 9:15. The second movie starts at 11:30pm and the doors open at 11:00pm. You can of course also choose to watch both movies. A single ticket is 8$ at the entrance but you can get it for 6$ if you purchase it in advance. A double ticket cost 13$ at the entrance or you can purchase in advance and get the tickets for 10$. Rio Theatre is located at 1660 East Broadway, Vancouver close to Commercial-Braodway Station. Click here for more information on Rio Theatre.
On Saturday you should of course join INTERNeX for stand up paddling at Granville Island. This will definitely be a fun experience! The forecast says awesome weather, so get out and enjoy the sun while it's here.
After a challenging hike up the Grouse grind you might want to do something more relaxing. Perhaps you want to be very early with your Christmas shopping this year… Visit the Porto Bello Market. Here you'll also support local designers, producers and artists. You can also listen to live music while you do your shopping. At the the market you can buy fashion clothing, jewelry, various pieces of art (for instance photography art) etc. The market takes place in Creekside Recreation Centre in the Olympic Village. You can get more information about the market here.
Hope you'll all have a nice and enjoyable weekend, and don't forget to sign up for the dodge ball tournament happening on Monday, September 8th. You can sign up through Facebook here. Also remember to sign up for our fun and exciting laser tag event here.
Only one more week left in April and we have still our weekly PuB NiGHT on Wednesday the 30rd of April and of course our After Rockies Party. For the month May we have some awesome things planed just for you guys such as Laser Tag, a awesome Mexican Party, Summer night market, PuB & Club night and a Bike ride in Stanley Park. Of course we have our monthly Overnight-Trip.
Do you like action? Fight together with your team against the others to be the NO.1 Shooter. We are going to do Laser Tag on Saturday the 3rd of May. You get a Special-Jacket and a Laser-Gun and than there is only one thing to do:Shoot everybody from the other team who is crossing your way! It's like Paintball but it doesn't hurt because you shoot with laser and not with bullets! So everybody who is afraid of getting hurt, that's your chance to have lots of fun and you won't have black and blue marks the next day!
On Monday the 5th of May we will join a Mexican Party called CINCOdeMAYO in the nightclub Republic on Granville Street. There is a live Mariachi Band and the ticket also include one drink. Also their having drinks specials around $3.50. The tickets for the entrance will cost only for us $10 (normally $12). Let's go crazy on the special day for the Mexicans.
Asian-style summer night markets are a summer tradition in Vancouver. On Friday the 9th of May we will visit the summer night market in Chinatown to eat tasty food from over 80 vendors, buy cheap sunglasses and phone cases, go on carnival rides and enjoy live dance and music performances! If the weather will be bad we will have another option for you on this Friday.
We are planning a 3-Days-Trip to Tofino. The trip will be on Saturday the 17th(morning) till Monday the 19th of May. You will have the day off on Monday because it's Victoria Day. Tofino is a popular tourist destination and famous for the beaches, surfing, whale watching and fishing. On the tour we will take the ferry to Vancouver Island and on our way to Tofino we will visit the Englishman River Falls, Coombs market, Roy Henry Vickers Art Gallery, hiking in the Wild Pacific Trail. Also you have of course the option to go surfing, whale watching, bear watching or kayaking.
Get ready for our big bike ride in Stanley Park on Saturday the 31st of May. We will rent bikes (or bring your own) and spend the afternoon cruising around Stanley Park! Let's hope it will be a sunny weekend and we do some outdoor activities to enjoy Spring. We can bike the 9km-Stanley Park section of the Seawall right on the edge of water and discover there a lot of things.
We hope we will see you all guys this Saturday for our After-Rockies-Party!
So another week goes and November will finish soon! It's time to know what has happened during last days!
But first of all, remember that tomorrow we have a date (uhh) to play Laser tag! Let's battle like there is no tomorrow!
Last Sunday we went to watch a real hockey game! Exciting for the most of us, because was our first time, not that exciting for the Swedish… haha but anyways we had a good time together!
Christmas time is almost here…. do you want to receive a super special gift? Check our contest and you would be able to win a ski rental with 120 dollars of value in Whistler! Send us a picture of Christmas in Vancouver with a special meaning for you and the best picture will receive the prize!
And what about our Pub Night? We went to The Morrissey Pub on Granville Street, it was such a nice place, and we enjoyed a few drink s and good company, read our blog post to know more!


Is it possible that we already know where everyone will fall? Should we play the rest of the season? I guess so… and YOU'LL NEVER GUESS WHERE I HAVE AUBURN.
Sadly, "the best Alabama team that Nick Saban has coached" hasn't had a test, and won't have a test until maybe the LSU game in November.
I'm still not sure what Georgia is, but like Alabama they won't have a test until the play LSU in four weeks. Why are the "best" teams this way?
Read what I said about LSU.
Surely the Maroons will play somebody soon. //checks schedule… at Kentucky, hosting Florida, then hosting Auburn. So it will be 3 weeks before they play somebody.
The Aggies will ride the almost win over Clemson for a bit. Oh wait, no they won't. They'll lose by 100 to Alabama this weekend. Back down the ladder you go.
That was fun while it lasted, wasn't it? The Rebs can score on Texas Tech and Southern Illinois, but that's about where it ends.
Last season, Missouri scored 3 points against Purdue. This year, Missouri beat Purdue by 3. I think we've found the conference for the Tigers!
The Wildcats have had fun the first few weeks, but that probably ends next weekend and goes away for a long time.
Hard to move the Gamecocks when their winnable game against Marshall was cancelled.
So close to beating Notre Dame. Does that really mean anything?
Wow, I was surprised that the McElwain Bowl was so one-sided.
Tennessee beat ETSU then UTEP. What's next? UNLV?
Ok, for real? I mean are you serious. You can not be serious.


Project won silver on "White Square" international advertising fest in 2016. The Belarusian windows manufacturer with British background needs a promotional website to tell about the advantages of using British windows. We decided to demonstrate the Brits equanimity against weather cataclysms is as strong as the British windows are. https://vimeo.com/147014569 Версия кейса на русском языке.


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Alice in Borderland Season 2 trailer teases an end to the Netflix thriller
More deadly games await Arisu and Usagi in Borderland.
Claire Fox
Two long years later and fans of the hit Japanese science fiction survival drama on Netflix can finally celebrate: Alice in Borderland Season 2 has arrived.
Adapted from the manga series Imawa no Kuni no Alice by Hara Aso, Alice in Borderland follows an unemployed gamer named Arisu who finds himself in a deserted version of Tokyo filled with mysterious (and lethal) challenges he must complete in order to stay alive. In this Battle Royale meets Alice in Wonderland meets Squid Game epic, each contest is determined by playing cards, with each suit corresponding to different themes and numbers indicating the difficulty.
With new revelations about the sinister setting of the world unveiled at the end of the last season, Alice in Borderland Season 2 is about to get even wilder with its twists, turns, and deadly new trials to face in the twisted alternate dimension's desolate city streets.
Here's everything you need to know about Alice in Borderland Season 2, including the release date, time, plot, cast, and trailer.
When is the release date for Alice in Borderland Season 2?
The entirety of Alice in Borderland Season 2 arrives on Netflix on Thursday, December 22.
What is the release time for Alice in Borderland Season 2?
Tao Tsuchiya as Usagi in Alice in Borderland Season 2. Netflix
Netflix releases new movies and TV shows at midnight Pacific, which is 3 a.m. Eastern.
How many episodes are in Alice in Borderland Season 2?
The second season of Alice in Borderland is expected to consist of eight episodes, just like the first.
What is the plot of Alice in Borderland Season 2?
Tomohisa Yamashita as Kyumu and Kento Yamazaki as Arisu in Alice in Borderland Season 2. Netflix
Alice in Borderland Season 2 picks up where Season 1 left off. Alongside fellow survivor Usagi, Arisu inches closer to figuring out who is behind the dangerous nature of this world and why they have been sent here. In addition to introducing the identity of mysterious gamemaster Mira, Arisu discovers that all of the numbered cards have been cleared, meaning now only the 12 face cards are left to get through. However, it appears that each face card corresponds not to another game, but to a person they will have to defeat in order to progress and escape execution. Alongside new and returning faces, what happens if Arisu and Usagi can make it to the end and complete the final game? Will they be freed from Borderland? First, they'll have to make it out of the remaining lethal tasks alive.
If you want to refresh or catch up on the heart-racing events leading up to the Season 2 premiere, all of Alice in Borderland Season 1 is available to watch (or binge) on Netflix.
Akaya Miyoshi as Ann, Aya Asahina as Kuina, Tao Tsuchiya as Usagi, and Kento Yamazaki as Arisu in Alice in Borderland Season 2. Netflix
Who is in the cast for Alice in Borderland Season 2?
Starring as series lead Arisu, Kento Yamazaki returns alongside Tao Tsuchiya as Usagi, as well as some other survivors from Season 1, including Nijiro Murakami as Chishiya, Aya Asahina as Kuina, Akaya Miyoshi as Ann, Dori Sakurada as Niragi, and Sho Aoyagi as Aguni. Risa Naka will also return as the villainous gamemaster Mira, otherwise known as the Queen of Hearts.
Season 2 will also feature new additions to the cast, such as Yuri Tsunematsu as Heiya, Hayato Isomura as Banda, Katsua Maiguma as Yaba, Kai Inowaki as Matsushita, Honami Sato as Kotoko, and Tomohisa Yamashita as Kyuma, or the King of Clubs.
Is there a trailer for Alice in Borderland Season 2?
Yes, Netflix released the Season 2 trailer on December 3, and it features new adversaries, new action sequences, new twists, and new perilous games to outlast. Picking back up with the show's central pair, they meet a shirtless man (now known to be Kyuma, the King of Clubs), identifying himself and the others around him as the natives of this world. And gamemaster Mira, the Queen of Hearts, welcomes people to the final game. Usagi theorizes that if they can successfully defeat all of the face card adversaries, they should be able to safely return home — but is that the full truth?
With so many unanswered questions, Arisu and Usagi press on to uncover the reality of the games and the outside world. The trailer ends with a final question to the audience: "Is there an end to the games?"
Will there be an Alice in Borderland Season 3?
Nothing is confirmed either way regarding the future of the high-stakes sci-fi action-thriller series. That being said, it's helpful to note that Season 1 covered about 31 chapters from Hara Aso's manga series, which leaves another 33 chapters left to explore. Whether or not Season 2 will get through all of those remaining chapters will only be revealed once the new installments drop. Still, if the second season performs as well as the first, it wouldn't be a surprise if Netflix decides to continue adapting the series, be it faithful to the manga or not.
Alice in Borderland Season 2 premieres on Netflix on December 22, 2022.
How to watch The Last of Us: HBO's next mega-hit is finally here
By Claire Fox
The Last of Us Episode 2 trailer teases a big reveal
Everything you need to know about That '90s Show on Netflix


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Fauré, Debussy, Szymanowski, Chopin – wspólny album polskiego pianisty Rafała Blechacza i południowokoreańskiej skrzypaczki Bomsori Kim, wydany 25 stycznia 2019 przez Deutsche Grammophon. Płyta zdobyła nagrodę Fryderyka 2020 w kategorii «Najlepszy Album Polski Za Granicą».

Lista utworów

Gabriel Fauré (1845 - 1924) - Sonata No. 1 for Violin and Piano in A Major, Op. 13
 1. Allegro molto 8:49
 2. Andante 6:25
 3. Allegro vivo 3:56
 4. Allegro quasi presto 4:57

Claude Debussy (1862 - 1918) - Sonata for Violin and Piano in G Minor, L. 140
 5. Allegro vivo 5:11
 6. Intermède. Fantasque et léger 4:26
 7. Finale. Très animé 4:35

Karol Szymanowski (1882 - 1937) - Sonata for Violin and Piano in D Minor, Op. 9
 8. Allegro moderato 9:15
 9. Andante tranquillo e dolce - Scherzando - Tempo I 6:20
 10. Finale. Allegro molto, quasi presto 4:47

Frédéric Chopin (1810 - 1849) - Nocturne No. 20 in C-Sharp Minor, Op. posth.
 11. Nocturne No. 20 in C-Sharp Minor, Op. posth. (Arr. for Violin and Piano by Milstein) 3:51

Przypisy

Albumy muzyki poważnej
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Swift: Replace a method of a class from a SPM package I use an open source package via SPM, but I would like to change the details within one specific func originalMethod() in this package.
As the code of SPM packages is not editable, I can't change the code. I cannot swizzle the method with Swift 5.1 @_dynamicReplacement(for: originalMethod) as the original method is not marked as dynamic.
What other options do I have besides copying the package manually into the project?

A: Beside the options mentioned in the comments:

*

*fork the repository (by jnpdx)

*wrap the framework in your own framework (by Rob Napier)

You could use the C library mach_override to override the implementation of that method. It is highly unsafe and I wouldn't recommend this for any productive application.
Here is a code example: https://github.com/lombax85/SwiftOverride