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Experimental Laboratory of Architecture and Urbanism
Research in Urban Planning
Written by Silvana Moreira on 21 June, 2016 . Posted in Faculty
Mário Krüger is a Retired Full Professor by University of Coimbra, Portugal. He was born in Lisbon in 1945. He got his degree in Architecture by ESBAL – Escola Superior de Belas Artes de Lisboa, Portugal, in 1972. From 1972 onwards, he was a scholar at the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies (LUFBS), the pioneering research unit founded by Professor Leslie Martin at Cambridge University, UK. Krüger did his Doctorate studies in the University of Cambridge in 1978. He has tutored over fifty Master's and PhD students at Brasilia University, Brazil; University College (Bartlett) and Cambridge University, UK; IST – Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon; Faculty of Architecture at Technical University of Lisbon; UMinho – University of Minho, Guimarães, and University of Coimbra, Coimbra, all in Portugal. He has written five scientific books and seventy peer-reviewed papers, and as many communications in conferences and other scientific events. He is the co-editor of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation edition of the Portuguese translation of Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria, first published in Latin in 1485. He was the coordinator of the third cycle of studies in Architecture at FCTUC – Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra, Portugal, and currently he is Full Professor at ULHT – Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon.
II International Summer Course in Urban Design, 24 Jun-5 Jul 2019, Lisbon
Professor Filipa Antunes' work exhibited in New York
Book Presentation: Waterfront Tagus River Gateway
S.O.S. * LISBON ULHT 2019 Workshop

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Displaying items by tag: Raw Material
Mining is essential to stop climate Change
The mining machinery industry in Germany expects a decline in sales of 10 to 15 percent in 2020. Nevertheless, the industry is optimistic about the future, because only state-of-the-art mining technology will be able to ensure the raw materials needed for climate protection and digitization.
Fugro's Subsea Engineering Solutions Key to Ireland's Corrib Gas Field Integrity
Fugro has used the survey vessel Edda Sun to deliver an inspection, repair and maintenance (IRM) project for Corrib, Ireland's biggest natural gas field, on behalf of Vermilion Exploration and Production Ireland Limited (Vermilion).
Critical Metals can be profitably recovered from low-grade Ores and Waste
Critical and economically significant metals, such as cobalt and nickel, can be recovered profitably from metal refining wastes as well as ores with lower than usual concentrations. This was demonstrated by an EU project coordinated by VTT, which developed new and combined existing recovery methods. Various stakeholders interested in using low-grade ores and waste can evaluate the valorization of raw-material streams with the webtool developed in the project.
UK-based small Mining Project is 'Brexit-proof'
By developing technology innovation and rethinking business models, a new EU-funded project hopes to improve the commercial viability of mining modest but high-grade critical raw mineral deposits across Europe.
GlobalData's mining technology writer Heidi Vella looks at the project.
German Mining Equipment Manufacturers expect Record Year
Against the general trend, German mining equipment manufacturers expect a record year for the current year. The VDMA expects sales to rise by 38 percent to around 5 billion euros. In 2020, revenues should at least be maintained.
Belt Tech, Inc. new Superior Distributor in Central Appalachia, USA for Idlers, Pulleys and Conveyor Accessories
Superior Industries, Inc., a U.S. based manufacturer and global supplier of bulk material processing and handling systems, has named Belt Tech, Inc. as its newest conveyor components distributor. The 40-year-old family business will stock, sell and service the manufacturer's conveyor idlers, pulleys, scrapers and accessories throughout the Central Appalachia region of the United States.
Keliber's Pilot Plant Tests to produce Lithium Hydroxide completed
The pilot tests of the Keliber's lithium hydroxide test program have been completed on schedule. During the test work, conducted at Outotec's Pori Research Center, leaching, ion exchange and crystallization tests were carried out on laboratory and pilot scales. During the pilot, lithium hydroxide was produced and based on preliminary analyses the product is of battery grade.
Pilot Plant Test Program to produce Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide
Keliber Oy has commenced test program concerning the production of lithium hydroxide.
International Project for Lithium Ion Battery Recycling
Keliber participates in a project aiming to develop and commercialize a new lithium ion battery recycling process.
DMT expands its Business to Raw Materials for Electric Mobility
The German company is supporting Rock Tech Lithium Inc. in the development of the Georgia Lake Lithium project in Canada.
EU Battery Alliance delivers strategic Plan to develop large Scale Lithium Ion Battery Industry in Europe
Leading Edge Materials Corp. is pleased to share the major priority recommendations of the EU Battery Alliance, which were delivered in Brussels on Friday 23rd February as part of the EU Industry Days. The EU Battery Alliance was established by Vice-President for Energy Union Maroš Šefčovic on October the 11th 2017 following a high-level meeting with Europe's leading industrial companies.
Wintershall lays Foundation for developing further Oil Reserves in Germany
Oil from Emlichheim has a future
New Innovation Projects for DMT in the Raw Materials Sector
DMT receives funding for further development of the awarded innovation project from EIT RawMaterials
Statement by Queensland Resources Council Chief Executive on APLNG
The Queensland Resources Council (QRC) has welcomed the action by Australia Pacific LNG to supply a further 41 petajoules (PJ) of natural gas to the Australian domestic market.
Loesche CCG Grinding Plant with modern vertical Roller Mill for Siam City Cement in Sri Lanka
First flexible CCG grinding plant (Compact Cement Grinding) in a jumbo design on the market.
Sale of Brazilian Steel Mill CSA complete
The sale of the CSA Siderúrgica do Atlântico (CSA) steel mill in Brazil to the Latin American steelmaker Ternium is complete.
Queensland leads the Way with new Gas Supplies
The Queensland Resources Council (QRC) congratulates Minister Lynham on awarding Senex as the preferred tenderer for a Petroleum Lease in the Surat Basin.
Mining Machinery Manufacturers from Germany back on the Road to Success
Mining machinery manufacturers from Germany are back on track, with incoming orders increasing by 45 percent in the first half of the year. Closer cooperation with Australia is set to bring further growth.
Mining the future - Positive Response to the 14th MiningForum in Berlin
More than 370 experts and decision makers met at this year's MiningForum on 1 and 2 June to learn about the latest trends in the raw materials industry, exchange views and expand their network for future cooperation. With stronger than ever international participation, the event welcomed visitors from 18 countries, including Canada, Chile, Finland, Australia and Mongolia.
Reports of the Death of Coal exaggerated
Statement by QRC Chief Executive Ian Macfarlane
As the Mark Twain saying goes: Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated. And so have been the green activist reports of the death of coal, and more broadly, the resources sector. Today, it is pleasing to see the Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk and Minister for Natural Resources and Mines, Dr Anthony Lynham, have thrown their support behind the resurgence of Queensland's mighty resources sector.
Stellenanzeige: Leiter Technik (m/w/d) Tiefbau & Tunnelbau & Bergbau
Bereichsleitung Planung & Engineering, Equipment - ErgebnisseDeutscher Mittelständler im internationalen...
GeoResources Journal
Get now the Current Issues - Free of Charge!
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Journal 4-2020


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Bilal Kathrada 4 Sep 2019 No Comments 42 views 0 likes Tech Watch
Is it a plane? Is it a UFO? No, it's SpaceX!
Elon Musk has done it again. Just when we think the South African-born entrepreneur has no more cards up his sleeve, he amazes the world once again with a new and mind-blowingly amazing concept.
Musk's company, SpaceX, has just received the go-ahead from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US to launch a fleet of internet-providing satellites into orbit.
The satellites, which will orbit at a height of around 550km above the Earth's surface, will form part of a global mesh called Starlink, which will encompass the earth and provide high-speed internet to areas around the globe directly from the sky.
Starlink is Born
Development of the Starlink concept began in 2015, and two test satellites have already been launched. The company aims to launch a second set of test units in late 2019, followed by the first fully-operational commercial fleet comprising of 1600 satellites by 2020.
The aim of the project is to ultimately launch a constellation of 12000 satellites into orbit by the mid-2020s. The total cost of the project will be around $10 billion (R144.68bn).
Devices on the ground, like phones and computers, will connect to the Starlink network via a special modem designed to communicate with the satellites, which SpaceX say will cost under $200.
The Starlink satellites will be equipped with thrusters which will enable them to move out of the way if they detect a possible collision with another satellite or space debris. This was added in response to concerns raised by companies like Kepler Communications, that the large number of Starlink satellites will endanger their own.
Connecting the data dots
The Starlink concept was originally proposed by Musk to address the global demand for low-cost, fast internet. If it succeeds, the concept will completely transform global communications by making internet access available to the masses, especially in under served areas and countries where the infrastructure is poor.
The long-term impact of cheap and reliable internet access cannot be over-emphasised.
Here in South Africa, for example, one of the major obstacles to economic growth is the poor infrastructure and high cost of data.
For example, my internet-based business, which is headquartered in a Durban suburb, is a street away from a fibre line but is unable to get fibre internet. The best we can get is a 4megabit per second line which, if we are lucky, gives us 25% of that speed on a good day.
Additionally, there are regular outages, making work impossible.
Today, everything relies on a good internet connection, and small and large businesses alike are doing more business online than ever before. From email and other modes of communication to online marketing and ecommerce, businesses cannot do without a fast, reliable internet connection.
Additionally, voice calls are now increasingly being done via apps like WhatsApp and Facetime, both of which use data rather than a voice line.
Schools and other educational institutes have also become more reliant on fast internet, thanks to the convenience of e-learning, which enables people who do not have access to a school, university or other institute, to learn from the comfort of their homes and places of work.
The entertainment industry has also created a surge in demand for fast internet due to streaming services like Netflix, Apple Music and Spotify.
Yet, internet in South Africa remains slow, unreliable and expensive.
Starlink could be the ideal solution not just for South Africans, but for people all over the world who struggle with poor internet and high prices.
And since the Starlink concept does not require any ground-based communications towers and telephone lines, people in the remotest areas, completely cut off from national telecoms grids, will also be able to access the internet.
It will be a true revolution.
One of the long-term effects of Starlink will be that ground-based telephone lines and cellphone towers will eventually become a thing of the past. All telecommunications will take place in the sky.
Although it will provide a number of benefits, Starlink does pose some serious concerns. For example, the economic down side to the Starlink concept is that many telecoms service providers will likely go out of business, resulting in massive job losses. It is not difficult to see millions of consumers opting in for a service that is fast, cheap and reliable, provided it keeps its promise.
In such a case, the masses will definitely opt in for the service, and if it further proves to be a viable solution for businesses, then that will undoubtedly be the death-knell for telecoms companies.
Of course, there are also concerns around SpaceX having a monopoly on global communications. There really is no answer to that at this stage, since there currently aren't any worthy competitors.
Although Amazon has expressed an intent to launch its own network of global internet satellites, it has not come up with anything tangible as yet.
At any rate, it is going to be a serious challenge for Amazon or anyone else to compete with SpaceX because, after all, these guys own the rockets.
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Posted on February 12, 2013 by Zach
Franchise Flashback: Die Hard
Filed under Franchise Flashback
This week the Die Hard franchise becomes a quintrilogy with A Good Day to Die Hard hitting theaters and we're back with Franchise Flashback to see how far John McClane has come before he heads to Russia.
Die Hard (1988): The original Die Hard is one of the greatest action movies of all time and set the tone for what 90's action would be following the Schwarzenegger/Stallone one man armies of the 80's. Bruce Willis as John McClane was just a regular guy who was in the wrong place at the wrong time but was the only who who could save day. The movie was actually based on the novel Nothing Lasts Forever by Roderick Thorp and followed basically the same plot of an NYPD detective who gets caught in an office building taken over by terrorists, led by the charming but ruthless Hans Gruber, and forced to figure out some way to defeat them and free the hostages with basically no resources. The same structure was copied by tons of movies over the years, like Sudden Death, Air Force One, Executive Decision, Under Siege and more.
Die Hard 2: Die Harder (1990): The sequel to Die Hard had massive expectations attached to it and, while financially performed better, has in recent years has widely been considered the weakest in the series. It was also based on a novel, 58 Minutes by Walter Wager and finds John having to stop a group of mercenaries led by rogue special forces officer, Col. Stuart, who have taken control of Dulles Airport and preventing planes from landing, including the one carrying his wife, Holly. Stuart was no where near as charismatic and cunning as Alan Rickman's Hans Gruber and the traditional "twist" to the villains was trying too hard to be clever and one up the original. There were some great action sequences, like John killing someone with an icicle and blowing up a plane on the runway in the finale but it definitely failed to live up the greatness of the original.
Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995): The third movie in the Die Hard franchise is arguably the second best movie in the series with Samuel L. Jackson partnered up with John to stop Simon Gruber, the revenge seeking brother of Hans Gruber. The movie moves at a breakneck pace as John and Jackson's Zeus have to defeat a series of puzzles and challenges Simon has laid out across New York City, all basically just a distraction so he and his crew can steal the gold from NYC's Federal Reserve bank. The movie utilizes it's setting to great effect with a subway bombing setting off the movie, a fantastic chase through Central Park in a cab and Zeus and John heading up and down all the boroughs of NYC doing what "Simon Says".
Live Free or Die Hard (2007): After more than ten years away, John McClane returned for Live Free or Die Hard and it was one of the weaker entries in the series for a number of reasons, most notably that the historically violent and curse filled series was neutered to a PG-13, leaving John to call people "jerk off" and the iconic catchphrase of "Yippee Ki Yay Mother Fucker" getting cut off by a gunshot. As much as we love Timothy Olyphant on Justified, he was not the greatest villain as cyber terrorist, Thomas Gabriel. Justin Long was also pretty annoying as McClane's hacker sidekick, Matt Farrell and a huge step down from Samuel L. Jackson. The entire plot revolved around Gabriel causing a "fire sale", a meltdown of all the nation's computer systems as a way to steal the information from the Social Security Administration. This entry also turned McClane from a regular guy into an unstoppable superhero, culminating in him fighting a Harrier jet with a semi truck and then jumping onto said jet after the semi is destroyed.
a good day to die hard alan alan rickman col. stuart die hard die hard 2: die harder die hard with a vengeance Franchise Flashback hans gruber jeremy irons john mcclane justin long live free or die hard nakatomi tower reginald veljohnson samuel l jackson simon gruber thomas gabriel timothy olyphant yippe ki yay mother fucker zeus
Alan Rickman 1946-2016
Review: A Good Day to Die Hard
Musical Montage: Guyz Nite "Die Hard"
Real Men of Action: John McClane
Simon Says watch these videos.


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The first harbour of every news
Home > Regattas > Vendée Globe > Vendée Globe: Hare has port rudder stock crack, needs to fit spare
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Vendée Globe: Hare has port rudder stock crack, needs to fit spare
Thursday, January 7, 2021 6:21 PM
Britain's Pip Hare is looking for a benevolent small weather window in the depths of the South Pacific Ocean to allow her to replace the port rudder of her IMOCA Medallia after she discovered a crack in its stock (the shaft which locates into the hull of the boat). It is complicated operation which the 45 year old solo Vendée Globe skipper practised at the dock in Les Sables d'Olonne, France before the solo non stop race around the world started on November 8th 2020, but which will be made much more difficult in one of the most hostile and loneliest areas of the southern oceans.
"The crack is in the stock between the deck and the hull, just underneath where the quadrant attaches and every time the pilot was going to move the rudder the crack was getting a little bit worse. I have no choice but to change the port rudder. If I continue sailing hard the stock will fail under load in a matter of hours." Hare reported, "Naturally I am completely devastated about this failure and what it means to my race but the only thing to do right now is to put the racing on hold and focus on solving this problem to keep both me and Medallia safe."
In her message the 45 year old from Poole, Dorset, added,
"I am devastated but I am also accepting. This has happened and it cannot be changed. The only action now is to deal with the problem in the best way possible and then move forwards from there. I am hugely proud of my performance to date. It has been a total joy to race this intensely for 59 days and it will be a total joy to get back into the race when I am finished. I had a few tears but not many because this problem is a big one and there is only one way to deal with it - which is a total focus of energy on solving it and staying safe. I will never forget the fact I was 15th for so long and when I get back to racing again, whenever that may be I will do my very best to claw my way back up the fleet again for now I have just hit pause."
Her team say that Hare is looking to a potential break in the weather during the small hours of tomorrow (Thursday) morning, when the operation might be possible.Medallia's boat captain Joff Brown explains the procedure:
"The problem really is in getting the old rudder off because it is buoyant and so sinking it to get it out it is not easy to get a lot of leverage from the bottom. But it is something we had practiced in Les Sables d'Olonne before the start and so I think that gives Pip a bit of confidence in what she has to do. But the problem is the sea state has to be reasonably flat because when the rudder is angled and heels then there is more strain on the bearings. At the dock this whole process might take an hour or so but in seas like this it can take much more. But Pip is very focused and determined. There is a small weather window around 0100hrs (UTC – when it is still daylight for Pip) but if not then it could be a couple of days waiting. She is resigned to the situation and I am sure will deal with it and get on with what she has to do."
Medallia had a new spare rudder built by Jason Carrington Boats just before the boat was delivered to Les Sables d'Olonne. According to Brown this a standard procedure which he has practiced pre-start by previous skippers Dee Caffari and Rich Wilson previously using a method devised by Conrad Humphreys in 2004-5 where 50-60kgs of anchor chain is lowered below the rudder to help drop it out. (see video here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_kjoL8DFi8).
Medallia was lying in 15th in the Vendée Globe fleet and still making just under eight knots under reduced sail. Alan Roura who is 16th is around 20 miles behind.
Bestaven makes a break but will it be decisive?
Escaping first out of a high pressure which had slowed the leading four boats, Yannick Bestaven the skipper of Maître Coq has gained over 200 miles on the solo skippers immediately behind him. The 48 year old from La Rochelle has the biggest lead of the race yet at 440 nautical miles, ahead of Thomas Ruyant (LinkedOut) who passed Charlie Dalin (Apivia) again today, the French duo match racing only 12 miles apart today some 400 miles SE of Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Bestaven, freshly shaved and looking bright, said: "It's great to have been able to pass the high-pressure zone, I was able to gain some miles and then make good speed, it hasn't been bad at all. I am satisfied with that, but when I look at what is going to happen ahead of me... I feel like the bungee cord is going to snap back and those behind me will start closing the gap. I hope there will be enough wind, as I only have a few tens of miles of advantage left. But I can't let it stress me, I'm going to have to keep a cool head because I am going to lose a lot of ground again."
He joked, "I don't know who has been in charge of the weather during this Vendée Globe, but I'm telling you, we need a new meteorologist! It looks like everything has been working against us being able to arrive quickly back in Les Sables d'Olonne! The situation is very complicated, there are some lows which will suck up all the wind. Forming a strategy is difficult, because different models are showing different things. I don't think that anyone really knows how it's going to play out, but we'll have to be on top of it. I'm going fast but I'm also resting a lot to make sure I have my eyes wide open during the difficult 24/48 hours ahead, and be able to make the most of the wind that there is. I'll have to approach at low a speed in the north to pick up on new winds. It will be a bit "Figaro-esque" and I know I have experts behind me. It won't be a walk in the park! I'm going to try to make some real headway towards the end goal."
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Home IT Microsoft Power BI vs Tableau Software: An In-Depth Comparative Analysis
Microsoft Power BI vs Tableau Software: An In-Depth Comparative Analysis
Recently, various business intelligence tools have flooded the market. Microsoft Power BI and Tableau are two of the top market performers since in the last decade. Since its inception, Tableau has consistently been one of the best performers in data analytics and BI tools. The relatively younger Microsoft Power BI has overtaken the competition to become a force for Tableau to reckon with. Both Power BI and Tableau have their strengths and weaknesses depending on the business requirements. It is important to consider factors such as budget, type of organization and intended use. Here is an extensive comparison of the differences between Power BI and Tableau.
Tableau BI Software: An Overview
The Tableau BI tool is considered the gold standard in data visualization. Founded in 2003, the company went public in 2013. This means that it has a ten-year head start over Power BI, giving it an edge in functionality. It offers robust tools for enhancing data discovery and visualization for all kinds of business users and organizations. Thanks to its easy-to-use drag and drop features, users can readily analyze critical data and share key insights across the organization. They can also creative innovative reports and visualizations. Additionally, Tableau also offers the option of embedding dashboards into business applications like SharePoint for speedy analytics.
Key Strengths of Tableau BI
Weaknesses of Tableau BI
Key Strengths of Power BI
Weaknesses of Power BI
Key Feature Differences: Power BI vs Tableau
Difference Between Power BI and Tableau in a Nutshell
All factors considered, Tableau is the preferred business intelligence tool for businesses. After dedicating a decade to data visualization, the results are in and Tableau is the winner. Considering factors like product usability, support, and community, it easily beats out competitors. Also, Tableau's flexible deployment solutions give it an edge over Power BI. Its other strengths include user interface layout and intuitive data exploration capabilities. Tableau's range of visualizations is also commendable. According to some tech experts, Tableau's functionality is far ahead of Power BI than claimed by the Gartner Magic Quadrant.
The Tableau software is built on the philosophy of "seeing and exploring" data. Tableau is engineered to create unique and interactive visuals. It implements product capabilities in such a way that users can ask data-related questions. In turn, they can receive answers almost immediately through the manipulation of tools at their disposal.
The Tableau business intelligence tool is also more flexible than Power BI in terms of deployment flexibility. Users can purchase it on a subscription or on an upfront/ perpetual license. After this, they can install it either in an on-premise server or in the cloud.
Tableau has a good reputation for being an all-in-one data visualization platform. With the advancement of technology, users can expect significant future performance improvements. This will help to load large data sets. There will also be added ETL functions and new visualization tools.
The biggest disadvantage when it comes to the Tableau software is its cost. It is a higher investment for companies as compared to Power BI. Tableau projects are often accompanied by data-warehouse-building tasks. Along with the implementation budget and the incremental cost, this compounds the investment by a fair margin. However, a data warehouse is not always necessary. While Tableau connects more out-of-the-box systems compared to Power BI, it uses lesser data sources than its competitors.
Power BI Software: An Overview
Power BI is a data visualization tool from Microsoft. After its grand debut in 2013, it has quickly gained ground on Tableau. According to Gartner's recent BI Magic Quadrant, Microsoft is equal to Tableau in functionality. However, Power BI is better when it comes to an overall completeness of vision. The biggest advantage of the Power BI tool is that it is embedded in the greater Microsoft stack. This greatly contributes to the strong position of Microsoft in the Quadrant.
Power BI is a powerful cloud-based business intelligence and analytics tool. It provides a complete overview of the organizations most important data. It helps to simplify data evaluation and sharing for its users by connecting to all their data sources. The Microsoft software also offers scalable dashboards. This allows users to take their pick from many blueprint visualizations and then drag-and-drop data from navigation into the visualization.
Tableau may be the gold standard for BI tools, but Power Bi doesn't lag far behind. It is comparable to all of Tableau's tools. As mentioned earlier, the biggest USP of Power BI is that it is deeply entrenched in the Microsoft stack. It is quickly becoming more integrated. Besides being included in Microsoft Office 365, it is also capable of being connected to external sources.
Originally, Power BI was an Excel-driven product meant for technical users. It is suitable for displaying and creating basic reports and dashboards. However, the business intelligence tools biggest strength is its cheap cost and great value for money. Being included in Office 365, it is free for basic use and the pro version costs $10 a month per user. This leads to the increased adoption of Power Bi as users can use the software without any risk.
The tool is very attractive for companies who lack the budget for a large BI project. This includes months of implementation time, dedicated analysts, and a data warehouse. As Microsoft heavily invests in Power BI, it is working on bridging the small gaps in functionality. With the disappearance of these trivial issues, the difference between Power BI and Tableau will become negligible.
As mentioned earlier, Tableau has a major competitive edge over Power BI. Due to its 10-year head start, the BI tool is better when it comes to functionality. However, its biggest weakness is the lack of flexibility with regard to deployment.
Since Power BI is only available on a SaaS model, companies need the tool in the cloud on a monthly licensing basis. Unless the organization's business intelligence project allows this, using Power BI is out of question. Some businesses have concerns over data security or require a customizable solution. This makes Tableau more suitable for them.
Moreover, Tableau works better for users with large amounts of data who need on-premise systems. There are some new features being added to Power Bi through the Power BI Premium upgrade. This will definitely help Microsoft catch up to Tableau when it comes to on-premise capabilities and large datasets. However, this means extra cost for new features that are already present in Tableau.
Microsoft Power BI has native applications that can be accessed from any device, anywhere. The publish-to-web feature helps to add visualizations to the blog or website. Power BI also provides extensive online support with guided tutorials such as the YouTube channel and webinars.
The natural language query tool is one of the most interesting features of the Power BI tool. It can be considered a Google equivalent for your data. For example, users can ask questions such as "How much do we invest in a customer?" and "Where do our highest paying customers live?".
Similarly, Tableau has some exciting features. They include extensive support tools that guide users through the basic software set up to initial data analysis. The data can be accessed and manipulated using the mobile application. Entire teams can collaborate on projects using the customizable shared dashboards. Tableau doesn't have a natural language query tool. In 2018, the company launched Hyper along with the release of Tableau 10.5 that claims to be better than other query tools.
Microsoft Power BI vs. Tableau Comparison
1. Data Visualization
If your primary business need is data visualization, then Tableau is the obvious choice. It is considered the best business intelligence tool in the business when it comes to data visualization. Whereas, Power BI's strengths lie in reporting and predictive modelling.
As mentioned earlier, Tableau is more expensive compared to Power BI. This is especially true when it comes to larger organizations. Businesses can make the most out of Tableau by building a data warehousing tool. Unfortunately, this further increases the cost.
Hence, when it comes to affordability, Power BI wins hands down. For example, the Tableau pro version costs a whopping $35 per user per month. On the contrary, the professional version of the Power Bi costs less than $10 a month for a user. Naturally, startups and small business will favour the affordable option between Power BI and Tableau tool.
When it comes to functionality, Tableau is the answer to most business demands. The Tableau BI tool provides in-depth data discovery compared to Power BI.
Between Tableau and Power BI, the former has more flexible options. This is because Power BI is only available as a SaaS model. Meanwhile, Tableau offers two variants such as cloud and on-premise options. If your company's business policies do not include a provision for SaaS, then Power BI is not feasible. Tableau can prove to be a tad costly due to its licensing options and flexible deployment. However, in the Power BI vs Tableau comparison, the latter is a clear winner.
5. Integration
Both Microsoft Power BI and Tableau can easily be integrated with the market's popular third-party tools. However, when it comes to out-of-the-box integrations, Tableau still maintains a slight edge over Power BI.
6. User Interface
The Tableau BI tool is known for its user-friendly user interface. Its key feature is that it enables easy dashboard customization. This is one of the aspects where Power BI wins over Tableau. The intuitive business intelligence tool from Microsoft has an unmatched ease-of-use and simplicity. This is why most business users prefer Power Bi over Tableau.
7. Data Handling Capabilities
On comparing Power BI with Tableau based on bulk data handling capabilities, the latter wins. Power BI is slower than Tableau when handling bulk data. However, this can be fixed by replacing the import functionality with a direct connection.
8. Community and Product Support
The difference between Power BI and Tableau is almost negligible when it comes to user communities and support. Since Microsoft Power BI is a relatively newer market product, it will take some time to build a loyal customer base.
9. Programming Tools Support
When it comes to programming languages, both Power BI and Tableau readily connect to them. A slight distinction between Power BI and Tableau is that the latter integrates better with R Language. Power BI uses Microsoft revolution analytics to connect to R Language. But this option can only be availed by enterprise users.
10. Customer Support
Tableau provides direct support by email and phone. Users can also log into the customer portal if they wish to submit a support ticket. Meanwhile, Power BI offers limited customer support for free users. Although free users can submit a support ticket, the paid ones get immediate support.
Summary: Power BI vs Tableau
Choosing between Tableau and Power BI proves a challenge for businesses due to their similarities. Here are three deal breakers to help organizations while making a Power BI and Tableau comparison.
Users that regularly spend more time on their business tools will prefer to opt for Tableau. This is because of its unparalleled range of visualizations in the market.
Companies with budget constraints will naturally prefer Power BI, which costs $30 a month. It is a satisfactory data visualization tool for small and medium sized organizations. But large corporations that are ready to invest in business intelligence projects can opt for Tableau.
3. Licensing
Most users are left with no option when it comes to licensing. If they don't wish to rent the BI software on a monthly basis or pay upfront, Tableau is the clear winner.
Pricing: $9.99 per user per month
Customizable Dashboards
Q&A Question Box
Ad Hoc Analysis
Ad Hoc Reporting
Trend Indicators
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Rich graphical visualizations from complex BI data
Full suite of BI tools for data reporting and visualization
Interactive reports with Power BI Desktop
Customer Type: Large and Medium Enterprises
Supported Languages: English
Clients: Conde Nast, ABB, CAT, etc
Types of Support: Phone, Ticket and Training
OS Supported: Windows, Android, iPhone/iPad, Windows Mobile and web-based systems
Available Integrations: Power BI integrates with the following business applications and systems:
Azure Mobile Management
Pricing: $35 per user per month
Mobile-ready dashboards
Data notifications
Create interactive dashboards
Drag-and-drop and toggle view
Native data connectors list
Highlight and filter data
Share dashboards
Embed dashboards within
Tableau Public for data sharing
Import all ranges and sizes of data
Translate queries to visualizations
Security permissions at any level
Tableau Reader for data viewing
Clients: Pandora, Deloitte, Citrix, etc
Types of Support: Phone and Training
OS Supported: Windows, Android, Mac, iPhone/iPad, and Web-based systems
Who is the Winner: Power BI vs Tableau
In conclusion, business intelligence tools play an important role in making business decisions. As far as Power BI and Tableau are concerned, both the software have their unique features, pros and cons. Companies can opt for either one, depending on their business requirements. If the work involves analyzing a limited amount of data and functionality, Power BI is better. The reason for this is its affordability.
However, when a need arises to handle large amounts of data from different sources, Tableau is more helpful. It performs statistics and data visualization by offering plenty of functionality options. But again, the investment cost of Tableau is much higher than Power BI. Therefore, the comparison of Power BI and Tableau depends on the scale of business and requirement.
SEE ALSO: AWeber vs MailChimp Which One is better for Your Business?
While selecting business intelligence software for organizations, it is important to make some assessments. These include cost, functions, vendor and product data. Businesses can also consider specific models like plans, functions, conditions, etc. It is also essential to analyze the terms for extra charges. They can include customer fees, set up charges, upgrade fees, customer service and disk space fees.
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text:
PROPERTY ASSESSMENT APPEAL BOARD PAAB
Do I have a strong case?
Submit an Appeal
Search Appeal Status
Calendar of Hearings
Practice Directives
Significant Court Cases
Appeal Guides
Appeal Guide
Should I Appeal?
ODR Guide
Welcome to an overview of the Board's appeal process. This Guide will assist you in preparing for your appeal.
The guidance in this document is general in nature and is not offered as legal or appraisal advice. Each appeal is unique - the details in this Guide will not apply to every appeal. You may also need to refer to the Legislation or Board Rules.
If you are not familiar with any term, please refer to the Assessment Terms.
You can also refer to Board Information Sheets which provide guidance on specific topics and are much shorter in length. There are also specific guides on:
How to Prepare for a Single Family Residential Assessment Appeal
On-line Dispute Resolution Guide (for participating residential appeals)
Information on Farm Classification Appeals
Please contact the Board office if you have any difficulties in finding information or require personal assistance.
Navigation hints:
Select or click on topic in the Table of Contents that you are interested in and you will be transferred to that section. Throughout this Guide, there are links to Information Sheets, relevant legislation, Board Rules and other documents. You can go to these other documents by clicking on any text which is underlined and you can return to the Guide by using the "Back" navigation button on your internet browser.
Overview of the steps in an appeal
What are all the steps in my appeal?
Where can I obtain assistance with my appeal?
Is my appeal confidential?
Filing your appeal
When do I appeal my assessment?
What if I did not file an appeal or was late in filing an appeal to the Property Assessment Review Panel?
What if my appeal is late?
How do I start an appeal to the Board?
Who can appeal?
What can I appeal and what can I not appeal?
How long will my appeal take?
First steps and ways of settling your appeal
What should I do after I send in my appeal?
What happens at an Appeal Management Conference?
What happens if I reach agreement with BC Assessment to settle the appeal?
Can I discontinue my appeal?
What other ways can we try and settle the appeal?
Next steps if the appeal is not settled
What are the options if the appeal is not settled?
Do I need to prepare anything to support my case?
How does the written submission method work?
What happens if a hearing is scheduled?
When & how do I submit evidence?
Board's decision and How to appeal the Board's decision
How does the Board make a decision?
Will my appeal expenses be reimbursed?
Can the Board change or reconsider its decision?
How can I appeal the Board's decision?
1. What are all the steps in my appeal?
The diagram below outlines the main steps taken in most residential appeals. You can link to more details for each step by clicking on the appropriate box. More complex commercial and industrial appeals can take longer and involve more steps (such as, more than one teleconference and possibly a Settlement Conference).
2. Where can I obtain assistance with my appeal?
There are a number of resources you can use for assistance with your appeal. We recommend you start with this Guide to become familiar with the main steps and what preparation will assist you.
Your first decision is whether or not you will represent yourself or obtain assistance from another person or firm. While it is not necessary to hire a professional, you may decide it is to your advantage to do so. In more complex appeals, especially for commercial and industrial properties, the parties often hire appraisers or legal counsel to assist them. This decision is completely yours and the Board does not require parties to appoint representatives.
In addition to this Guide, we have prepared the following resources to assist you in preparing for your appeal. All the documents are on this website and you can link directly to them by clicking on the underlined link on the right side of the table.
Topic Assistance Document
Details on various stages an appeal Information Sheets
- teleconference during first stage of an appeal Appeal Management Conferences
- application to settle the appeal through changes Recommendations
- application to discontinue appeal Withdrawals
- written method of submitting your case Hearing by Written Submission
- in-person hearing In-person Hearings
- guidelines on evidence you can submit Evidence in a hearing
Residential & recreation properties How to Prepare for a Single Family Residential Assessment Appeal
Farm classification appeals Information on Farm Classification Appeals
Understanding terms Assessment Terms
In addition to this website, you may want to refer to the BC Assessment website which has a number of guideline documents. For residential properties, BC Assessment has a database on Assessments and Sales by Address.
You may also contact the Board for personal assistance at the office below. The Board will assign an Appeal Manager who is your key contact for questions and assistance on the next steps in your appeal.
Property Assessment Appeal Board Office:
10 – 10551 Shellbridge Way
Richmond, BC, V6X 2W9
Toll free phone: 1-888-775-1740
Toll free fax: 1-888-775-1742
Email: office@paab.bc.ca
While the Board's objective is to assist the parties in settling the appeal, the Board is ultimately responsible for making an impartial decision on the case if it is not settled. The Board must be careful to not provide preferential treatment to any one party whether he/she is a property owner or an employee of BC Assessment. The Board will assist you in understanding the various steps in your appeal and will point you to resources that may help in preparing your case.
In order to maintain the Board's independence, it can not provide you with legal advice or help you to write your submissions if the appeal proceeds to the adjudication stage.
3. Is my appeal confidential?
No, appeals to the Property Assessment Appeal Board are not confidential.
Much of the appeal process is public. The Board posts on its website basic information on appeals, including the property address and name of person that filed the appeal. If your appeal is set to be decided by way of written submissions, these submissions are not confidential. If an in-person hearing is held, it is open to the public. Any person can ask the Board for copies of written submissions or evidence submitted for a hearing. The Board posts on its website all written decisions.
Some documents are not public (for example any documents you submit for settlement discussions in an Appeal Management Conference). These documents must, however, be shared with the other parties in the appeal. The public is not permitted to participate in the telephone Appeal Management Conferences or any other settlement discussions.
Please contact the Board if you would like to discuss any privacy concerns.
4. When do I appeal my assessment?
THE DEADLINE TO APPEAL TO THE BOARD IS APRIL 30.
In British Columbia, there are two levels of appeal. NOTE: This Board and website only deal with the second level of appeal.
You receive your Assessment Notice from BC Assessment at the beginning of January each year. If you disagree with your assessment you can file a complaint to the Property Assessment Review Panel by January 31st. The Review Panels will hold hearings between February and mid-March and issue a written Decision Notice by April 7.
If you disagree with the Review Panel's decision, you can file an appeal to the Property Assessment Appeal Board no later than April 30th. Except in very limited circumstances, you must file an appeal to the Review Panel in order to be able to appeal to the Board. See what if I did not file an appeal or was late in filing an appeal to the Property Assessment Review Panel for more information.
You can file your appeal to the Board via mail, courier, personal delivery, fax, email or via this website. For more guidance, see: How do I start an appeal to the Board.
Since you can deliver your appeal via different methods, here are some more precise timelines for the April 30th deadline:
If you are mailing your appeal: it must be postmarked by Canada Post no later than April 30. If you are mailing your appeal close to the deadline, to be safe, we recommend you go into a Canada Post Office and request they postmark the envelope while you are there.
If you are couriering or delivering it personally: the appeal must be received at the Board's office no later than 4:30 p.m. April 30. (This is because you will not be able to access the office after normal business hours.)
If you are emailing, faxing or sending your appeal electronically via the Board's website, it must be completed and delivered to the Board by 12:00 midnight, April 30.
If April 30 falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the deadline is extended to the next business day.
Due to possible delays, WE HIGHLY RECOMMEND YOU DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE TO SEND IN YOUR APPEAL.
You must send your appeal directly to the Board. It is not sufficient to send your appeal to BC Assessment or to the Property Assessment Review Panel. Since the Board is a separate and independent organization, delivery of your appeal to BC Assessment or the Review Panel can not be considered as proper delivery to the Board by the deadline.
5. What if I did not file an appeal or was late in filing an appeal to the Property Assessment Review Panel?
The Property Assessment Appeal Board is the second level of appeal. Usually the Board can not deal with your appeal if you have not first appealed to the Property Assessment Review Panel by their deadline of January 31st (e.g. by January 31, 2009 for the 2009 assessment).
Section 50(1.1) of the Assessment Act does allow for one exception only for the property's owner. The Board may grant leave (or in other words "accept your appeal") if we are satisfied there were circumstances beyond your control that resulted in you not filing your complaint to the Review Panel by the January 31st deadline.
If there is something you could have done to avoid missing the deadline, the Board will likely decide that the circumstance was within your control, and therefore will deny your application. For example, the Board would likely not be able to deal with your appeal if you missed the Review Panel's deadline merely because you were busy or were out-of-town.
STEPS FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL:
If you feel there were circumstances beyond your control, you can apply to the Board for leave to appeal. You may use the Board's Form 1B or simply write to us saying:
You wish to apply for leave to appeal under section 50(1.1) of the Assessment Act;
Describe the circumstances which caused you to miss the January 31st deadline;
Include any evidence or documents which might back up your description of the circumstances.
You should send us this application separately or with your notice of appeal by April 30th (see how do I start an appeal to the Board).
The Board will need to decide whether or not the circumstances were beyond your control. We may request further information from you and BC Assessment.
The Chair will issue a written decision indicating whether or not the Board has jurisdiction and can deal with your appeal.
6. What if my appeal is late?
The Board does not have the ability or power to extend the deadline for appeal. This deadline is firm and is stated in section 50(3) of the Assessment Act. If you miss the deadline the Board does not have jurisdiction to deal with your appeal. This is also the case if you miss the deadline due to technical problems with your fax or e-mail.
See the when do I appeal my assessment section for the detailed information on the deadline for appealing.
If your appeal is late, the Registrar will review the documentation and send you a letter with his/her opinion on whether or not the Board can deal with your appeal. If you disagree with the Registrar's opinion, you can ask the Board to reconsider it. The Chair of the Board will then review the circumstances and the legislation and may seek further written input from you and BC Assessment. The Chair will issue a written decision indicating whether or not the Board has jurisdiction and can deal with your appeal. Please note, however, the Board's inability to extend the deadline has been upheld through numerous past Board decisions and by the Courts. See Information Sheet #3 for more information on this reconsideration process.
7. How do I start an appeal to the Board?
You must file your appeal in writing to the Board by the April 30th deadline. There are three ways you can file your appeal:
Electronically file through this website by clicking here.
Complete the Assessment Appeal Form and send it to the Board office via mail, courier, personal delivery or fax (within Greater Vancouver: 604-775-1742 or toll free fax: 1-888-775-1742).
Complete your own letter of appeal and send it to the Board office via mail, courier, personal delivery or fax. You MUST include:
The property address and roll number (or include a copy of the Review Panel Decision Notice);
Your name, a day time telephone number and fax number (if available);
Whether you are the owner of the property;
If you have an agent to act on your behalf, include the agent's name, address, telephone, fax and email;
Address for delivery of any appeal notices;
The grounds (or reasons) for your appeal.
Appeal fee:
You must include an appeal fee of $30.00 for each property you are appealing. If you are completing your appeal on-line through this website, you have the option to pay the fee with your credit card via a secure payment site. If you are sending in your appeal through one of the other options, you must include a cheque, payable to the "Minister of Finance".
8. Who can appeal?
Anyone, including a corporation, may appeal to the Board. Some owners are surprised to learn that it is possible for someone else to appeal their property – even though they do not have any ownership. Section 50(1) of the Assessment Act is the legislation that allows for this.
9. What can I appeal and what can I not appeal?
You can only appeal on the grounds (or reasons) that are laid out in section 32(1) of the Assessment Act. These grounds are:
the property assessment is too high or too low. Most properties must be assessed at their actual or market value as of July 1 in the year before the assessment (see section 18(1) of the Assessment Act). For example, for the 2008 assessment it should be assessed at what it would have sold for on July 1, 2007.
Note: For the 2009 assessment, only, you are entitled to the lower of the value as of July 1, 2007 or July 1, 2008.
the classification of the property is incorrect. The Prescribed Classes of Property Regulation details how properties should be classified. The most common classifications are "residential" and "business and other".
the property should receive an exemption.
the name of the person on the assessment roll is incorrect.
there is an error with respect to the land and/or the improvement. For example, sometimes there is a dispute on whether an asset should be considered an "improvement" as defined in the Assessment Act and be included in the assessment.
The Board only has jurisdiction to decide whether your assessment is correct. It can not help you if you only disagree with the amount of property taxes charged, or the level of services provided by your local government.
10. How long will my appeal take?
(a) If you reach an agreement to settle:
Your appeal will be completed much quicker if you reach an agreement to settle. In some cases this settlement is reached as early as May (within a month of you filing your appeal). The Board recommends you and BC Assessment start settlement discussions as soon as possible after the Board sends out letters acknowledging your appeal (in May).
The Board will also schedule a teleconference (Appeal Management Conference), usually around the beginning of June to the end of September depending on the availability of the parties. One of the key purposes of this teleconference is to explore possible settlement.
If the Board approves a settlement, then it will issue a Board Order, within a few days, to confirm the settlement and complete the appeal.
(b) If the appeal is not settled and the Board needs to decide the case:
If your appeal is not settled, then it will be set for formal adjudication by one or more Board members. This may be either through written submissions from the parties or an in-person hearing. Usually the written submission method is quicker. In some appeals, the submissions are due as early as July. To provide you and BC Assessment with enough time, often the submissions are not due until the Fall or possibly later.
If an in-person hearing is required, it can take several months for an available date and to provide the parties with sufficient time to prepare and submit, in advance, supporting documents and reports.
After the written submissions or in-person hearing, it generally takes two to three months for the Board member(s) to issue a written decision. The written decision will include an analysis of the evidence and arguments along with reasons for the decision.
In summary, if the Board is required to make a formal decision (after written submissions or an in-person hearing), then you may not receive your decision until later in the year or even into the following calendar year.
The Board has set a goal to complete the majority of residential appeals by December 31 of the same year that they were filed (i.e. by December 31, 2009 for 2009 appeals). Commercial and industrial property appeals are usually more complex, therefore, the goal is to complete most by March 31st of the following year.
A NOTE ON PROPERTY TAXES:
The Board recommends all property holders pay their property tax by the due date to avoid any late charges and interest. Usually the appeals are not completed by the July 1st due date for residential taxes. If the assessment is lowered as a result of an appeal, any over-payment in taxes will be reimbursed to the taxpayer or the taxpayer will receive a credit for their subsequent year's taxes.
11. What should I do after I send in my appeal?
(a) Review your acknowledgment letter from the Board:
The Registrar will send you a letter confirming your appeal has been received. This letter should arrive around May 15 to 31st. Review the attached report to ensure we have accurately entered your information – especially your contact information including your day-time phone number. If you have email, this method may be the quickest way for the Board to communicate with you.
(b) Do some preliminary research:
In order to have fruitful discussions in the first stages of your appeal, you should do some preliminary research on the issues. Also see the section: where can I obtain assistance with my appeal.
If you appealed because you believe your assessment is too high (i.e. the market value of your property was below your assessment on the Valuation Date) then you should do some market research on the sales of similar properties around the Valuation Date.
If you are concerned that your property has not been fairly assessed compared to the assessments of similar properties, then you have an appeal on what is called "equity". You should research your property's assessment relative to it market value and compare this to a group of similar properties.
Other issues (such as the property classification) will require different preparation.
We have found that parties are more successful in resolving their appeals if they come to the table with support and research to back up their opinions on the issues. Even if you are not successful in settling your appeal, your time and research will assist you in preparing your case to submit to the Board for a decision.
(c) Talk to your local BC Assessment office:
Don't assume that BC Assessment knows why you are dissatisfied with your assessment and will disagree with you. Even though you have already gone through the first level of appeal, we recommend you and BC Assessment have further discussions. It is best to not delay speaking with BC Assessment, as these discussions will often result in the settlement of your appeal.
BC Assessment may want to inspect your property to confirm your facts and the condition of your property.
If BC Assessment can successfully explain to you the accuracy or fairness of your assessment you may write to the Board indicating that you wish to withdraw (or discontinue) your appeal.
Sometimes, BC Assessment will agree with you that the assessment should change. BC Assessment will then complete a Recommendation form which you will both sign. They will then send the Recommendation to the Board for approval.
If your appeal is not resolved during these preliminary discussions, the Board will arrange a telephone appeal management conference. See what happens at an Appeal Management Conference for more details.
12. What happens at an Appeal Management Conference?
As the first main step in the appeal process, the Board will schedule a telephone appeal management conference with you, a BC Assessment representative, and the Board's appeal manager.
The two main purposes of the teleconference are:
(a) To attempt to resolve your appeal – many are settled right during the teleconference;
(b) If your appeal is not resolved, set the next steps.
During the conference call, we will discuss the issues and ask you and BC Assessment to summarize the evidence each of you have to support your positions. This is why it is important that you do some preliminary research before the teleconference - see what should I do after I send in my appeal.
You can, if you wish, provide written materials beforehand to the Board and BC Assessment. If the appeal is not resolved during the teleconference, you can submit the same or different evidence in the next stage.
The Board's appeal manager may provide a non-binding opinion to assist you and BC Assessment to re-evaluate your positions. If the appeal proceeds to a hearing or written submissions, the appeal manager will not be the Board member making the decision in your appeal.
If the appeal is not resolved, the Board will set the next steps, such as:
giving the parties more time to discuss the appeal;
setting dates for the parties to submit their case in writing. The Board then decides the appeal solely based on these written submissions. See how does the written submission method work;
setting dates for the parties to attend an in-person hearing. Note: the parties still must submit, in advance, all documents that they want to rely on in the hearing. See what happens if a hearing is scheduled.
13. What happens if I reach agreement with BC Assessment to settle the appeal?
If you are successful and reach an agreement to settle your appeal, the proposed settlement (called a Recommendation) must go to the Board.
The Board has created a form which can be used to detail the proposed changes to the assessment. Usually BC Assessment will complete the recommendation paperwork and send it to you for signature. You return the signed form to BC Assessment who will send it to the Board. Because the Board has a duty to ensure the assessment is accurate and at actual value, we must approve all Recommendations.
You may submit a Recommendation to the Board at any time after an appeal has been filed. If a hearing has been set, the Recommendation should be submitted preferably no later then two weeks prior to the hearing. Unless we advise otherwise, the hearing will be cancelled, pending the Board's consideration of the Recommendation.
If the Board accepts the Recommendation, it will issue a written Board Order confirming the changes to the assessment. If the Recommendation is not approved, we will advise you of the next steps in the appeal.
14. Can I discontinue my appeal?
If you are the one who filed the appeal, you can apply to the Board to discontinue or withdraw it. You can use the Board's Form 4 or just make your request in writing. We will usually ask BC Assessment whether or not they have any objections to the Board accepting your withdrawal. Even if there are objections, the Board may accept the withdrawal.
If the Board accepts the withdrawal it will cancel any hearing and issue a Board Order which will close the file. If there are no other appeals for your property for the same assessment year, this Order will confirm the decision of the Property Assessment Review Panel. If there are other appeals still open for that assessment year, those appeals must be decided before you will know if there will be any changes to your assessment.
If the Board does not accept your withdrawal, the appeal will continue with the next steps.
15. What other ways can we try and settle the appeal?
If the appeal is not resolved during the Appeal Management Conference, the Board may arrange a Settlement Conference or have the parties prepare a Statement of Issues, Evidence and Analysis. Normally these two steps are only used with more complex appeals, including some commercial and industrial properties.
(a) Settlement Conference:
A Settlement Conference is an in-person meeting of the parties, together with a member of the Board, who will facilitate the discussion and attempt to resolve the issues. The discussions are confidential and without prejudice to the positions the parties may wish to take if the appeal does not settle.
Because of the time, effort and expense of holding a Settlement Conference, the Board often requires the parties to produce a statement of their position on the appeal issues and a summary of evidence that they expect to use if the appeal continues. These documents can assist the parties in re-evaluating their position.
(b) Statement of Issues, Evidence and Analysis:
Both parties produce and exchange these documents. The purpose is to identify the appeal issues and state the reasons for your position on these issues. You and BC Assessment will also state a proposed settlement on the appeal.
These Statements may assist in settling all or some of the appeal issues in more complex appeals.
16. What are the options if the appeal is not settled?
If the appeal is not settled after the Appeal Management Conference, the Board usually sets it for formal adjudication. Often the method and timing is set at the end of the telephone Appeal Management Conference. There are two main methods:
written submission method (case is decided solely based on submissions from you, BC Assessment and any other participating parties); or
in-person hearing.
See how does the written submission method work and what happens if a hearing is scheduled for guidance on these two methods.
17. Do I need to prepare anything to support my case?
The short answer is "yes, most definitely". Some property owners make the mistake of not submitting sufficient evidence and back up to support their appeal. The less you give the Board, the less likely you will be in convincing the Board of your point of view.
The Board does not go out and conduct research for you or BC Assessment. The Board makes its decision solely based on what it receives from you and BC Assessment. It may not be to your advantage to only argue against the evidence provided by BC Assessment. The Board recommends that BOTH parties seek the best evidence (often sales and market evidence of similar properties) to support their position on the appeal.
In some appeals (especially with legal issues or questions on how to interpret the Assessment Act or Regulations) parties may support their position by referencing previous Board or Court decisions on how similar cases were determined. You may use our search page Look up Decisions to locate previous Board decisions. You may also view a list with links to some of the Significant Court Cases.
Please be aware the Board has no evidence when an appeal is filed. Any evidence you submitted to the Property Assessment Review Panel is not forwarded to the Board. This is an entirely new proceeding which provides you with a fresh opportunity to present evidence in support of your case.
If you have a residential or recreational property, see How to prepare for a Single Family Residential Assessment Appeal for more guidance.
To make a decision on your appeal the Board will consider:
what you submitted with your notice or letter of appeal (when you initially filed your appeal);
documents that you may have supplied for the Appeal Management Conference AND that you advised the Board that you want considered.
Note: if you want the Board to consider these documents, it is important that you either inform the Board or include them in your submissions. There is no obligation to include documents that were used in the Appeal Management Conference or settlement discussions. Sometimes a party may decide not to include or to alter these documents.
documents, evidence and argument you and BC Assessment supplied in the written submissions or in advance of any in-person hearing.
See when & how do I submit evidence for more guidance.
18. How does the written submission method work?
If the Board orders that the parties submit their case via written submissions, no in-person hearing will be held. The Board will give you and BC Assessment deadlines for producing your submissions. You and BC Assessment will send two copies of your submissions to the Board and one copy to each other. You will both be given an opportunity to send in a reply submission to respond to any points or evidence supplied by the other party in their first submission.
Usually the deadlines for you and BC Assessment are the same (i.e. you must deliver the submissions on the same dates). Sometimes, the Board staggers the submission dates. In this case, normally the party appealing (the Appellant) delivers their written submission first. The other party then delivers their submission, including a reply to the Appellant's submission. The Appellant is then given a final opportunity to reply to the other party's submission.
Whether we are using simultaneous or staggered submissions, there are strict rules on what can be included in the reply submission. You should not repeat your first submission. You cannot introduce a new issue or new evidence, except as it relates to countering the first submission of the other party. Basically, if you can anticipate needing to submit evidence or documents when making the first submission, you should do so then.
If you do not produce your documents or submissions by the dates ordered, without first asking for an extension, the Board may not accept them.
Once the submissions are complete, the Board office will send them to a Board member who will consider all the written submissions and make a decision. The Board member will issue a written decision which will include reasons for their decision.
See the Board's Information Sheet #6 – Hearings by Written Submission for more details.
19. What happens if a hearing is scheduled?
Once dates are scheduled for an in-person hearing, you will receive a Notice with the date, time and location of the hearing. Usually, the hearing is held in the area that the property is assessed, but we can consider any party's request for an alternative location. If you want to reschedule the hearing date, you must apply to the Board for an adjournment at least 14 days in advance and provide the reasons for your request. The Board will consider the request as well as the other party's position on it, and may and may not grant it. See Information Sheet #9 - Adjournments.
The Board panel will advise at the beginning of the hearing how it will proceed, including who will present their case first. Most hearings proceed in the following order:
The party appealing (the Appellant) proceeds first, with a brief opening statement that explains the appeal issues and then presents their evidence. The Appellant may also call witnesses, if any, to present evidence.
The Respondent (normally the Assessor) will have an opportunity to question the Appellant or any witnesses.
The Respondent, in the same manner, presents their brief opening statement, their evidence and calls any witnesses.
The Appellant will have an opportunity to question the Respondent's witnesses. The Appellant also will be given an opportunity to respond to any new matters raised in the Respondent's presentation.
Both parties then have an opportunity to summarize their cases.
Notes: The parties and their witnesses are not expected to detail or read all evidence, as you and BC Assessment are required to submit all documents and written evidence in advance of the hearing. The Board panel will consider all these documents.
The panel may also have questions of the parties or witnesses.
People who give evidence at a hearing must swear an oath or affirm that their evidence will be the truth.
Usually one Board member will be assigned to conduct hearings for simple appeals. For more complex appeals a panel of two or more Board members may be used. You can review the names and qualifications of the members of the Board by clicking here.
While not as formal as court proceedings, Board hearings are reasonably formal and parties are expected to act appropriately. Parties may represent themselves or have an agent or lawyer represent them. The Board will determine whether or not the hearing will be recorded. Hearings are open to the public.
For more information on evidence, see the Board's Information Sheet #8 - Evidence in a Hearing. Following the hearing, the panel will prepare a written decision with reasons.
20. When & how do I submit evidence?
You should ensure that you produce evidence to support your case. For an in-person hearing, the Board will issue orders for the parties to produce all of their written material beforehand by specific dates. The first deadline is usually due three to four weeks prior to the hearing.
Usually two weeks later, the parties can then submit documents in response to the other party's written material. There are strict rules on what can be included in the reply submissions. You should not repeat your first submission. You cannot introduce a new issue or new evidence, except as it relates to countering the first submission of the other party. Basically, if you can anticipate needing to submit evidence or documents when making the first submission, you should do so then.
See how does the written submission method work for details on how to submit evidence for this method.
If you intend to rely upon an appraisal report or a realtor's opinion, or the report of any other expert, you must provide this report to the Board (and a copy to the other side) by the first submission deadline. It is always better to have the author of the report present at the hearing to explain any adjustments and answer questions. Evidence that cannot be tested by cross-examination may be less persuasive. Evidence that includes an opinion of value from a qualified appraiser or real estate professional is considered "expert evidence".
You must ensure that the Board receives at least two hard copies of your written materials, and the other side gets one copy, on the date ordered.
See Information Sheet #8 – Evidence in a Hearing.
21. How does the Board make a decision?
The Board makes a decision on your appeal based on what you and BC Assessment submit to our office.
If the written submission method is used, the Board will make a decision solely based on what the parties include in their written submissions. Because there is no in-person hearing, it is important that you include in your submissions evidence or documents to support your case and argument or reasons why the Board should decide in your favour.
If an in-person hearing is used, you must still submit your evidence or documents by the deadlines ordered by the Board prior to the hearing.
Evidence is the material that is submitted to establish the factual basis for the decision. Generally, it provides the "proof" of the issues in dispute. Evidence may be provided by the oral testimony of witnesses, by documents, by photographs or by physical objects.
The Board may accept any evidence that is relevant to an issue in the appeal. It is not bound by the technical and legal rules of evidence and may accept evidence that would not necessarily be accepted in a court - as long as the evidence is relevant.
When the issue is "what is the actual value of a property", the Board prefers market-based evidence. If the property itself has not sold, the best evidence of its value is the sales of other similar properties. If you are appealing the assessment of a single family residential property, please refer to the Board's guide How to Prepare for a Single Family Residential Assessment Appeal.
The Board must consider all the evidence and decide which evidence it prefers. In a value-based appeal, the Board must make a decision on the values of both the land and improvements, whether or not the parties have raised both as an issue.
22. Will my appeal expenses be reimbursed?
The quick answer is "no". The Assessment Act – the key legislation which governs the appeal system – does not allow for your expenses to be reimbursed. At the same time, if you lose your appeal, you are not exposed to paying the expenses of BC Assessment or any other parties.
The appeal system has been set up to have a very low appeal fee ($30.00), such that the majority of the Board's time and expenses are covered by the general taxpayers. Your personal expenses will depend on whether there is travel involved and whether or not you hire professionals to assist you. Over the last 5 years, the Board has implemented new methods to reduce the cost of appeals – especially to residential homeowners:
Efforts are focused on trying to resolve your appeal through mutual agreement. If successful, this avoids the more costly stages of formally presenting your case to the Board for a decision.
For residential appeals that are not resolved, most are decided through the written submission method. This method avoids the cost of you having to travel to an in-person hearing and take time off of work to attend.
23. Can the Board change or reconsider its decision?
Once the Board issues a written decision, it cannot change or re-consider the decision except in very limited situations. The Board can correct typographical or mathematical errors.
In addition, there may be some rare situations when the panel may not have considered all of the evidence provided by the parties (e.g. the Board mistakenly did not send materials to the panel). The Board can then decide whether it should re-open the appeal and reconsider its decision.
The Board, however, has no ability to reconsider if a party wants to enter new evidence or re-argue the appeal. The party's only option is to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court (see how can I appeal the Board's decision).
24. How can I appeal the Board's decision?
If you disagree with the Board's decision, you may appeal to the Supreme Court of British Columbia. You can only appeal on a question of law. The Court proceedings are not a complete re-hearing of the appeal. The Board will send to the Court the evidence that was presented to it. There will be no opportunity to present new evidence to the Court and you can only make submissions on whether the Board made an error of law.
You can use the Board's form to list the questions in law that you want to the Court to answer.
The deadline to send in your request to appeal (called a "Stated Case"), along with your questions in law, is 21 days from when you received the Board's decision. Refer to Information Sheet #13 – Stated Cases for more information.
The Court may charge a filing fee which must be paid by the party requesting the Stated Case. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to order that the unsuccessful party pay the costs of the successful party.
The Board strongly suggests that you obtain legal advice if you are considering an appeal to the Supreme Court.
Should I Appeal
Look up Appeal Status
Look Up Decisions
© 2018 Property Assessment Appeal Board. All Rights Reserved


City Hall is accessible. Accommodations are available and can be requested in advance.
Are you coming to a meeting at City Hall? It will probably be in one of these rooms.
The Council Chamber is located on Floor 2 of City Hall.
City Council meetings are typically held in this room.
Get City Council meeting agendas and information.
To enter, walk up the grand staircase from Floor 1 of City Hall - Fifth Avenue entrance. Or you can take the elevator to Floor 2, walk to the right until you come to the blue bridge on the left. Cross the blue bridge to enter Council Chambers.
Bertha Knight Landes Room is located on Floor 1 of City Hall - Fifth Avenue entrance.
The Boards & Commissions Room is located on Floor L2 of City Hall.
Walk forward until there is a second set of elevators on your left and large hallway to your right.
Go right down the large hallway.
If there is a door immediately to your right and no large hallway in front of you when you get off the elevator, go through the door to your right. The large hallway will then be to your left.
Walk forward down the large hallway.
The Boards & Commissions room will be on your right about two-thirds of the way down the hallway.
Room 370 is located on Floor 3 of City Hall.
To enter, take the main elevators (set of four) from Floor 1 of City Hall to Floor 3. Go left. Room 370 will be on your left.


text:
Q: Where is the information about the entry point of an assembly written in the assembly? I used to think that an assembly could have only one main() method until I saw Jon Skeet's MiscUtil in a video lecture he delivered at the Microsoft office in Copenhagen.
So, I wrote this little app that had two main() methods like so:
namespace ManyMains
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    class YetAnotherProgram
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Yet another program.");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

I set the StartUp object in Visual Studio and it worked. Okay, no cause for distress. Then, I wanted to see where exactly this information is stored in the assembly, so I opened the compiled binary in reflector and saw absolutely no metadata to that effect.
I'm wondering if that sort of information is written into the manifest or some COFF header of the PE image that can't be seen in a disassembler but could be seen in a hex editor?

A: I just opened up one of my executables in the IL Disassembler. Notice the .entrypoint line for the Main method.
.method public hidebysig static void  Main() cil managed
{
  .entrypoint
  .custom instance void [mscorlib]System.STAThreadAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 )
  .custom instance void [mscorlib]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 )
  // Code size       22 (0x16)
  .maxstack  1
  .locals init ([0] class AuctionSniper.Main.App app)
  IL_0000:  nop
  ... <snipped>

vs a non-entry point method - Lets say InitializeComponent()
.method public hidebysig instance void  InitializeComponent() cil managed
{
  .custom instance void [mscorlib]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 )
  // Code size       20 (0x14)
  .maxstack  8
  IL_0000:  nop
  IL_0001:  ldarg.0
  ... <snipped>

A: You can check that using ildasm.exe
ildasm /ALL /TEXT program.exe

A: In the CLI header of the PE file at offset 20, there is the entrypoint token.  see section 25.3.3 of the ecma 335 specification.
In IL you would place the .entrypoint directive into a method body. The method must be static, have no parameters or accept a an aray of strings. (varargs included). you should see this in reflector if you change the language to IL.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Get your copy of Amazingly Graced autographed.
Wes Lane will be signing his newly released book, Amazingly Graced, A Prosecutor Journeys Through Faith, Murder and the Oklahoma City Bombing at Mardel. Buy one for yourself and others on your Christmas list. See you there.
Saturday, December 11th: 10:00-11:30 a.m. in Edmond at 33rd and Boulevard and 1:00-3:00 p.m. in N OKC at 4848 NW Expressway.
This entry was posted in Book Signing, The Events and tagged Amazingly Graced, book signing, Mardel, Wes Lane by weslanethebook. Bookmark the permalink.


Celebrate the glorious heritage of America's most legendary, most patriotic, most creative comic book company! Published in 2011 as part of a second wave of classic Marvel Comics commemorative prints, this poster takes you back to the silver age of comics, giving you a reprint of the cover of The Silver Surfer #4 - Stan Lee's February 1969 edition in which evil unseen forces unwittingly pits the Surfer against Thor. A true Marvel classic, this is the ultimate way to commemorate a historic era in the history of American graphic arts, and the perfect item for fans of Silver Surfer and vintage comic books. Reproduced with utmost care and quality from an original copy in the Marvel archives, this officially-licensed edition looks great on the wall, and will serve as a valuable collector's item for years to come. Perfect for a nice frame and a prominent place on the wall of home, office, classroom or art studio!


Urban draws an international crowd every day of the week. Perfect for after work drinks with one of the best happy hour crowds in Luxembourg City along with a DJ who spins out fantastic tunes from Wednesday through to Saturday night.
There are also 2 flat screen TVs so you can always catch those must-see matches.


Information about Istanbul and especially its sights and features Istanbul is the oldest permanently inhabited city in the world and has to offer thus monuments and sightseeing from all periods and multiple cultures. Visit Laurent Potdevin for more clarity on the issue. The Christian culture merged in Istanbul with the Islamic. Another feature of Istanbul is its location between 2 continents and the Mediterranean and Black Sea. The central square of Istanbul's Taksim Square. Additional information at Laurent Potdevin supports this article. He was created in the 18th century as a water distribution and is today business center of Istanbul. There, there are many banks, restaurants and department stores. As a transport hub of Istanbul, several streets and street cars meet. Also, the monument of the Republic is located on Taksim Square.


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After nearly thirty years of experience, we understand what it takes to achieve real, long-term sustainability and want to make a positive difference to the lives of all South Africans.
To contribute to food security, greening, natural resource management, and sustainable business.
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Food security — particularly in the context of global climate change — is one of the most important issues of our time. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet the dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. A lack of food security, within any tier of our society, will lead to instability and impact everyone. Therefore, it is a collective act of social justice that we work towards making food insecurity a thing of the past.
At Food & Trees for Africa, we take a broad view of food security which includes both income and non-income producing agriculture, small and large scale projects, as well as additional elements of the water-energy-food security nexus. We practice bio-intensive agriculture (in its many forms) including agro-ecology, permaculture, conservation and rehabilitation agriculture, and natural farming. This doesn't mean we farm without science or practicality — in fact, quite the opposite. We just take a longer-term view on soil health, improving the energy of a system, and maximising its productivity with bio-inputs. It's all the rage these days — but we've been doing it since the 90s.
Trees give us two of the most important elements for life on our planet: oxygen and food. They also provide us with habitat and shade, support biodiversity, and clean our air, as well as supplying us with timber, fire wood, medicines, and so much more.
Whether benefits are environmental, social, commercial, or even spiritual, looking after our forests and trees is very important. Unfortunately, mankind has not prioritised the protection of forests over the last few centuries and, if we're going to restore this balance, we need to plant trees — and lots of them.
When it comes to planting trees within any development context, Food & Trees for Africa has been doing it since 1990. Our methodologies focus on sustainability and tree survival and have impacted a wide range of beneficiaries from communities and homes to farmers.
FTFA has two Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) registered carbon programmes as well as a carbon enterprise which is supported through Enterprise Supplier Development (ESD) budgets. We believe we can restore what was once one of our greatest treasures and you can help us make a difference.
The African Climate Reality Project (ACRP) is the African chapter of the US-based Climate Reality Project. It was established to support African Climate Reality Leaders in their efforts to combat climate change in Africa, a continent disproportionately affected by this global crisis.
In 2014, Al Gore (former US Vice President and Nobel Laureate) trained hundreds of Africans from across the continent at The Climate Reality Project's Leadership Corps training in South Africa. To date, over 650 Africans have attended one of these trainings and now volunteer as Climate Reality Leaders in over thirty countries in Africa.These leaders come from government, NGOs, youth, media, and science.