Center: Wings, BC, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
1. Which is better? BC or IDP? Well, both are same! Examiners of both follow the same instructions and are trained in the exact same way. In addition, their assessments are checked by the authority randomly, so they would not take any risk.
2. The students from English medium can get higher marks easily – a wrong conception. It's not your medium of instruction – it's all about the proper usage of English.
4. If you mention "immigration" for the purpose, you would not get higher marks – same as above!
But yes, you may get a "half band" more in speaking if you appear in a center that is not in a metropolitan city.
We will discuss some pretty common topic.
1. Heading Match: One of the harder parts in the reading module is heading matching. Remember, if the paragraph is big, then in most of the cases you will find the title within first or last two lines of the paragraph. So, read those four lines very carefully. But if the paragraph is small, then you need to read the entire paragraph.
2. Line in the paragraph: This one is a bit tougher. You must read the entire paragraph and understand the meaning. I have no tips, sorry!
Passage: Many students wanted to join in this program.
Question: Most of the pupils were willing to join in this program.
Passage: ID card is required to travel there.
Question: To travel there, your ID card might be necessary.
The answer is False. It says – required, means this is a MUST, where "might be necessary" means it could be necessary or not – no clear statement. You have to be careful about these tricks.
4. Writer/Scientist name in paragraph 3: When you read the third message, make sure you underline the names that you get. So, when you answer the question and gets a name, you know exactly which places of the passages you need to look at.
If you are concerned about timing, then I would suggest to forget it when you start practicing. You need to focus on solving the problems, doesn't matter how much time you need. You need to try to solve every question. When you check your answers, figure out what went wrong, why you missed that etc. And when you have a good command of solving problem, maybe after a month, you will start binding the time.
As far as I understand, there is no way other than practicing a lot to improve your listening score. You can watch lots of English movies, but of course without subtitles. You can also install the BBC app on your mobile and listen while you walk or do nothing important. But, don't just set your headphone and listen blindly – make sure you listen to the recording carefully and try to understand. Once the recording is done, try to speak loudly what you remember from the recording, that will help your speaking too.
When you practice a listening test, I recommend rewinding as many times as you need but try to answer correctly. And like reading, when you check your answers, figure out what went wrong, why you missed that etc. And when you have a good command of solving problem, maybe after a month, you will stop rewinding.
1. Fluency and Coherence: Fluency means how smoothly you can speak. DO NOT talk too fast or too slow. If you can answer a question very well, still don't go too fast. Because, in next question, if you go significantly slower, then the examiner may consider your previous reply as a memorized response and that can cost you a penalty. Coherence means how you are linking one sentence to the following sentence. We will know more about this in the writing section.
3. Grammatical range and accuracy: You need to speak grammatically correct sentences. When we speak, we normally miss the grammatical corrections. You will find lots of people, for example, who speaks a lot in English but get less band in speaking test. One of common reason is, their sentences are not grammatically correct. So, don't ignore grammars.
4. Pronunciations: Note that, the accent is not much important but pronunciation is. Try to pronounce the words as accurately as possible. Listen carefully when you practice listening.
Here is an important note, there is no marking criteria for task response. That means you can go off topic. So, if you don't have any idea about the topic in question, you can curve the topic and speak with something else. But remember, you need to blend. If you are asked to talk about Antarctica, for instance, and you have no idea about Antarctica but you visited Manali – you can start with something like this: "Well, I have not enough idea about Antarctica – in fact, I didn't even think about that place. But I visited Manali last year and I believe the weather is almost similar there, especially during the winter." Then start talking about Manali, try to speak about the part that is closer to Antarctica. This way you are blending the topic and bypassing from Antarctica to Manali, your known place.
1. First part is a general conversation. That is just quick QA session. I said quick, but don't go with just YES or NO answer. Try to elaborate your answer at least 2-3 lines. If you are asked about your hometown, then add some more about. For example, My hometown is in the southern part of the country, Barisal, which is actually surrounded by lots of rivers.
2. The second part is cue card part. You will be given a topic and you need to speak for 1 to 2 minutes. You will get one minute to think and take some notes before you start speaking.
In this part, we have another myth. We always think we need to answer all of the questions that appear in the question paper – wrong. If you read the question carefully, you will see it mentioning "You should say:", not "You MUST say:" (this is another example of T/F/NG question in reading module). The questions are just to help you to make your speech but you are free to skip those questions and make up your own speech.
Nowadays, most of the students memorize some topics as we get lots of questions online and the topics are pretty common. Remember, if you memorize and if you get the topic common, still don't deliver the speech at rocket speed. You need to act like you are making the speech up. Sometimes a little bit mumbling is good. This is normal when we speak, even in our mother tongue. So, be careful about that.
3. The third part is for showing off. You need to prove yourself in this part. This is part is for discussion. Remember, in this part, the examiner can ask additional questions if s/he wants.
Question: What steps can be taken to reduce the traffic jam?
a. The first sentence is just the response to the question: The government needs to focus more on the improvement of public transports.
b. The second sentence is a supporting sentence: Standard and improved public transports can ensure less private vehicles on the road as people will start using public transports due to cost-effectiveness.
c. The third sentence is an example: In Delhi, for example, the state government worked on their MRT rails last year and as a result, we can see a significant improvement in their traffic situation.
d. The fourth sentence is an alternate situation (if that didn't happen in the third sentence): If their government didn't take such steps, then today that metropolitan city would be dead by now.
This is how you can construct your answer in part three.
To improve your speaking, you need to start thinking in English. Have a regular conversation with your friends and family. When you walk on the road, speak with yourself and of course a bit loudly.
Say, you got 7 in writing task 1 and 6 in task 2. Then your mark will be 7 + 6 + 6 = 19 / 3 = 6.33 ~ 6.5. So, you see they count twice the mark of task two. So, you must finish your task 1 within 20 minutes, so you get 40 mins for task 2.
Here an important note. Unlike speaking, you can never go off topic in writing. As the writing task 1 is easier, so we will focus on task 2 in this section.
Remember, you must write 250 words in task 2. But writing more than 250 words would not give you any benefit, but if you write less than 250 words then you would be penalized by half or one band score. So, don't go for 350 or 400 words. As much as you write, you have more possibilities to do mistakes. In writing, quantity doesn't matter, quality does.
You will see the first one is Task Achievement. You need to be always on topic. This is an important part of writing. Other parts are explained in speaking section. Just one little difference, in writing you can use complex words for vocabulary. But you need to make sure you choose the correct synonyms. Besides, while you choose the synonym, the meaning can't be changed, be careful about that.
So, let's see how we construct our essay. We will write four paragraphs – introduction, body 1, body 2 and conclusion.
Introduction: In the introduction, we will write three sentences. The first sentence will be a general statement about the question. There won't be any opinion or decision in this sentence. Just a very general statement about the topic. The second sentence will be paraphrased of the statement in question. To paraphrase, you need to change the voice, switch the clauses and use synonyms. If you search on google on "How to paraphrase a sentence for IELTS writing", you will see lots of techniques. The third sentence would be the response to the question. If this is a discussion opinion or opinion essay, you need to make your opinion very clear in this sentence. In other words, this sentence should represent what you are going to write in this essay.
If you get a discussion/opinion essay, you can write the last line like this: In this essay, I will discuss both sides of the argument and explain my support on the latter/former view.
For opinion essay: I am completely/partially agree/disagree with this view and I will explain my view in this essay.
For problem/solution essay: In this essay, I am going to discuss some problems of this situation and propose a solution to overcome.
– This way you are making it clear.
Body Paragraph: Here another important note. In each body paragraph, we will discuss only one idea. Remember, if you include more ideas in one paragraph, then the paragraph won't be well structured. In the body paragraph, we will need 4-5 sentences. The first sentence is the topic sentence, that is your one of the ideas. The second sentence is the supporting sentence. The third sentence is an example. The fourth sentence is if it doesn't happen according to the third sentence. And if you want, add the fifth sentence – which would be the result of the situation. For details, please check the speaking section above.
Conclusion: Here you can write 2-3 sentences. The first sentence would be a general statement but DO NOT repeat. Use a paraphrased version. In the second sentence, you will include your ideas and support your opinion. DO NOT introduce any new idea in conclusion. It should be same ideas that you discussed in body paragraphs. You can add a third sentence as supporting sentence if you are comfortable.
Improve your vocabulary: To improve vocabulary, you can use a simple trick. Buy some drawing papers and hang on the wall in your room. When you get a new word, just write on that paper with marker or sign pen. So that when you walk or do some household chores, the words will be in front of your eyes and those will be memorized.
1. For first 3-4 minutes, plan your ideas what you are going to write and then start writing.
2. If you don't find a synonym in the time you write, don't waste time but just use the same word. But underline those words with a light pencil, so that after finishing the essay you can come back there and find alternative words.
3. DO check the entire essay after you finish.
6, Remember, you would not be penalized for weak sentences but mistakes. So, if you are unsure of the correct form of a sentence, try to make it simple but DO NOT make mistakes.
You can download some materials from here: drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tzF30unuayhKI6AFPjxe8AejvKYWbmWZ?usp=sharing Study og_cam.pdf, that would be quite useful.
Disclaimer: I have gained the above experience from Liz, Jay, IELTS Buddy and a Udemy class. All of those are linked in the article.
This entry was posted in IELTS, Immigration and tagged band score, express entry, ielts, ielts band 7, listening, reading, speaking, writing. Bookmark the permalink.


Online retailers enjoyed higher on-year sales last month while offline retailers underperformed. Their combined sales performance slid 0.4 percent compared to the same period last year.
According to a report from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy released Wednesday, online retailers enjoyed a 12-percent boost in sales in February, backed by strong demand for air purifiers and the start of the new school semester.
Online sales of home appliances - excluding open market platforms - shot up 62.2 percent thanks to skyrocketing demand for air purifiers to combat fine dust.
Online open market platforms such as Gmarket and Auction also saw their home appliance sales jump up 13.6 percent.
Offline stores saw sales drop 7.1 percent. Convenience stores were the only offline retailer that managed to sit in the black while the sales of the rest - discount marts, department stores and small supermarkets - pointed downward, with discount marts in the lead with a 13.7-percent drop.
The report pointed to the date of this year's lunar new year holiday as the primary reason for offline retailers' poor performance.
The lunar new year holiday is one of Korea's two most lucrative seasons for offline retailers.
People in Korea usually purchase presents for their families and acquaintances in time for the lunar new year, as well as the harvest festival in the fall.
This year's lunar new year holiday fell on Feb. 5 - two weeks earlier than the same holiday last year. This means holiday shopping was mostly taken care of in January.
Convenience stores saw their sales slightly rise, backed by increased demand for cigarettes and food and beverages like home meal replacements and imported beers.


Compare credit cards that give cardholders complimentary entry passes into airport airline lounges in Australia and overseas.
Many premium credit cards come with complimentary access to airport lounges. This is a boon for travellers, especially those heading overseas. Early check-in times mean that there can often be a couple of hours to kill before boarding, or in transit between flights, and the standard passenger areas can be crowded, uncomfortable and noisy. It's not the best way to begin a long journey. But if you have a credit card which grants airport lounge access, you can enter a world of comfort and privilege.
The range of lounge access granted varies from card to card. Some (but not all) cards linked to a frequent flyer program (allowing you to earn frequent flyer points on your purchases) will give you access to that particular airline's lounges (e.g. Qantas and Virgin). Other cards, usually rewards points cards aimed at regular travellers, are likely to grant access to lounge programs like Priority Pass or Veloce, which are not linked to any specific airline. American Express has its own lounges for its premium cardholders.
Depending on your card tier, you may get two single-visit lounge passes each year, or full membership of a single lounge program including unlimited visits, possibly incorporating additional free access for a travelling companion. Cards with a very high annual fee ($700+) may come with full membership of two, three, or even more lounge programs (e.g. Virgin + Priority Pass + Delta). Since there is no guarantee that travellers will find a lounge belonging to a specific program in every airport they may use, being a member of more than one program will maximise the likelihood of finding an affiliated lounge, wherever in the world they happen to be.
Australia's remoteness means that its airports are not busy hubs for transit passengers, unlike megahubs such as Atlanta, Dubai, Tokyo and London. As a result, some lounge programs have only a limited presence in Australia, and your membership or single-visit pass may only entitle you to a food and beverage discount at selected eateries in the standard passenger concourse.
On a domestic flight, you will have more choice if you are departing from Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane (especially if your access is to Qantas, Virgin or American Express lounges) but lounge membership or passes are most valuable for use before and during long-haul international flights.
Some lounges are fairly basic, providing only comfortable seating, video entertainment, quiet work areas with Wi-Fi, newspapers and magazines, plus complimentary tea, coffee and small snacks. But at the top end of the scale you can expect a wide choice of complimentary full meals and beverages, plus shower amenities, and in first class lounges even spa facilities and massages, or personal transfers by electric vehicle between the check-in desk, the lounge and the boarding gate.
Before you leave on your long-haul flight, it's worthwhile doing some research online to find out what you can expect in your program's lounge at your departure or transit airport.
The lounges to which you have access may not always be badged with the name of the program to which you belong. As a result of airline alliances, you may be able to use another airline's lounges. Non-airline lounge programs, like Priority Pass and Véloce, may cooperate with other lounge networks, such as Rex and Plaza Premium.
Is it worth paying a higher annual fee for a credit card, just because it comes with airport lounge access?
Clearly, airport lounge access only has any value when you are travelling, especially on a long-haul flight. So if you only fly overseas once every couple of years, you're not going to get much value from your benefit. You cannot 'roll over' unused single-entry passes into subsequent years: they have to be used within a limited period, usually not more than 12 months. Regular overseas travellers, especially business passengers, will extract the best value from this benefit.
What is a credit card lounge access worth?
You won't gain admittance to the attractive lounges owned by Qantas unless you are travelling in Qantas Business or First, or are a member of Qantas Club, or have a very high frequent flyer status, or are granted access by virtue of your credit card. Qantas don't allow non-qualifying travellers to pay for access to their lounges, and they have blocked the sale of surplus single-entry passes on eBay (although they still appear to be available at Gumtree). Qantas Club currently costs $399 to join, plus $450 per year. So getting access to a Qantas lounge with your card is very valuable if you have no other way of qualifying.
Virgin Australia's joining and membership fees (which include reciprocal access to Air New Zealand lounges) are slightly lower, but they do allow any Virgin passengers to purchase single-entry passes for $65. So if your card comes with two Virgin single-entry passes, they are effectively worth $130 in any year that you use both of them.
For an American Express lounge you'll need either one of their top-tier (and expensive) cards for unlimited access, or one of the lesser cards which gives two single-entry passes per year. There is no other way to gain access, such as paying an annual membership fee: the lounges are exclusively for AmEx cardholders, regardless of which airline they are flying with. Accompanying children up to 17 years of age are admitted free of charge, and for other guests you can pay $55 each. No-one else is admitted, even American Express cardholders whose card does not come with lounge access. So once again it's a valuable benefit, and two single-entry passes appear to be worth $110.
The Priority Pass group have over 1,200 lounges worldwide, and at the time of writing were affiliated with seven lounges in Australia, in Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Melbourne and Sydney airports. Additionally, lounge program members and day pass holders can instead use their lounge access to obtain a substantial cash reduction (currently $36 per member or single visit pass holder) at affiliated restaurants and bars at Coolangatta, Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney airports.
After payment of a Standard annual fee of USD99, members and their guests can access the lounge for a fee of USD27 each, per visit. Alternatively, the USD249 Standard Plus annual fee entitles the member to 10 free visits per year, while for USD399 the Prestige membership grants unlimited access. The guest fee is USD27 at all membership levels.
Unlimited Priority Pass lounge access via a credit card is therefore worth USD399 if you're a regular traveller likely to make more than 10 lounge visits per year. Two single visit passes are technically worth USD153 (the annual fee + two visits, or AUD72 if used to obtain a bar or restaurant discount.
The USD495 annual membership fee includes unlimited lounge visits for members, plus USD29 per guest, to 223 lounges worldwide (including six Virgin and one SkyTeam lounge in Australia).
The Véloce program is affiliated with over 100 lounges worldwide, but none in Australia at the time of writing and very few in New Zealand, although there are plenty in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. It's a program designed for holders of specific linked credit cards, so it's not possible to pay for membership. Accompanying guests may sometimes be admitted at the discretion of the local lounge operator, but to be sure of gaining entry for a regular travelling companion (such as your spouse) the safest and cheapest option would be to request a supplementary credit card for them on your account, even if it means paying an additional annual fee.
Like Véloce, and American Express, Diners Club operates or is affiliated with airport lounges exclusively for the benefit of its cardholders, with no membership fee payable. There are currently six affiliated lounges in Australia, and over 800 globally. Once again, a supplementary credit card is the best way to guarantee guest access.
In summary, two single-entry lounge passes are probably worth somewhere between $75 and $130 per year in any year that you can use them, and an unlimited-visit membership could be worth more than $500 for a very frequent traveller.
Credit cards granting airport lounge access via single entry passes are likely to have a reasonably high annual fee, and those with full lounge membership attached may have a fee that is very high indeed. When considering the worth to you of the card, take into account any other attached benefits, such as rewards points, complimentary insurance (especially travel insurance) and any free flights or travel credits. If you travel regularly, it may be that the total value to you of the benefits is far in excess of the annual fee. On the other hand, if you travel overseas only once every two years, or even less often, it may not be worthwhile paying a high price for a card designed to benefit frequent flyers.
All the cards listed on this page offer some kind of airport lounge access to cardholders, and one of them could be a good fit for you.
Up to 200,000 Bonus Amplify Rewards Points. Conditions Apply.
Every year get a birthday bonus with a 10% extra points of the total points earned in the previous year.
Up to 200,000 Amplify Points (conditions apply).
Up to 80,000 Qantas Points (conditions apply).
Q: What type of facilities can I expect in an airport lounge?
Restricted-entry airport lounges range from basic to luxuriously opulent. At the lowest end of the scale, your 'lounge' may actually be a bar or café on the ordinary passenger concourse, offering a discount on food and beverages to members (or single-entry pass holders) of specific lounge programs. The most opulent lounges may offer luxuries such as spa treatments, five-star dining, and personal transport between the airline's check-in desk, the lounge, and the boarding gate.
Q: Can I take guests into the lounge with me?
If your credit card lounge access comes in the form of two single-visit passes annually, you can normally use the second pass for someone travelling with you. Or you may be able to pay a fee (usually between $35 and $65) for your guest's entry.
If your card gives you full membership of a specific lounge program, you may be able to admit a guest free of charge, but this is not always the case. Check the terms and conditions found either in the small print at the foot of the credit card's web page, or in the link to a file with full terms and conditions.
Q: How much is complimentary airport lounge access worth?
It depends on the level of access your card gives you, the quality of the lounge, and how often you travel.
Qantas lounges are mainly designed for Qantas Club members ($399 to join plus $450 per year), passengers travelling in Qantas business or first class seats, and high-tier frequent flyers. All of these lounge access methods require high expenditure, and Qantas lounges are very well-appointed, so even two single-entry passes are quite valuable.
Virgin Australia, Priority Pass and Delta SkyClub have similar programs, with joining and annual membership fees granting unlimited access.
Access to Véloce World, American Express and Diners Club lounges is limited to holders of specific credit cards, but it's possible to argue that the value obtained is similar to that of programs with a joining and annual membership fee. For frequent travellers, membership of any program with unlimited lounge access is probably worth at least $500 per year.
Based on lounge programs which sell single-visit passes for guests or for travellers on their own linked airline, two single-visit passes are probably worth a total of between $75 and $130 per year.
Q: Will I find a lounge affiliated with my program at every airport?
Most lounge programs belong to a network of affiliated lounges, so you will probably gain access to at least one lounge (and sometimes more) at the world's major airports. You may not be so lucky at lesser airports.
Qantas and Virgin lounge members will have lots of choice in Australia, and also find affiliated lounges overseas. In Australia, very few airports outside the state capitals have lounges.
Single-entry passes may have restrictions, such as being only available for domestic lounges, or only for international lounges, so be sure to read the small print.
Q: Can I rollover my unused lounge passes into the following year?
No. Single-entry passes must be used within 12 months. In a year where you aren't travelling, and can't use the passes, you will forfeit the benefit.
Q: Is it worth paying a higher annual fee for a credit card with lounge access?
Frequent air travellers are very likely to find it worthwhile to pay for a card granting unlimited lounge access in one or more programs, since it saves them the cost of joining a lounge program and paying an annual fee. It is also likely that the kind of premium card which confers full lounge membership will also have other valuable complimentary benefits, such as rewards points, travel insurance and free flights or travel credits, all of which also help to justify the high annual fee.
Infrequent travellers would probably struggle to justify the cost for this kind of premium card. Even a less expensive card – one giving two single-visit passes annually – may still not justify its cost in any year where you don't use the lounge passes and travel insurance.


For those of you that don't know me personally, you couldn't yet know how much I love Christmas. It is my absolute favourite time of the year. I think it took even my husband by surprise – he'd seen my parent's home decorated for Christmas, and my sister's home but when we married and celebrated our first Christmas in our own home, I don't think he was quite prepared for the onslaught of Christmas cheer! And having children has only made it worse. They are old enough now to love decorating and they egg me on to get more decorations each year (I'm proud to be passing this Christmas spirit down to the next generation!).
However, being a face painter means that this time of year is also my busiest time of year, and to survive it all, I have to be super organised and think ahead about everything. This year, I decided to make a wreath for our home. My plan was to put it on the front door, but it gets a lot of sun, and I'm worried that it will fade and render all my hard work useless, so it's final display place is still up for debate.
I got the basic idea and instructions from this Attic 24 post http://attic24.typepad.com/weblog/2012/12/christmas-wreath-ta-dah.html, where she covers a foam wreath and decorates it with Christmas bits and bobs. I decided to go a little more traditional with my colours, and used the Kringle Sparkle yarn from Spotlight. I've doubled the strands because it is quite a thin yarn (I've had this in my cupboard for a year or more and have been told that this year's batch is a little thicker!). I'm loving it so far. It is so beautiful and sparkly and Christmassy! My plan is to add a Scandanavian Santa Gnome (https://www.1dogwoof.com/scandinavian-santa-gnome-amigurumi/) and some holly etc. once the wreath is finished. It is getting hard working on just the one project – I'm so tempted to put it aside and start on another (or I should finish another wip!), but I'm determined to finish it THIS Christmas, so that is spurring me on (and putting it out here will also hold me accountable!).
I'm quite excited to see how it will turn out! It may have to feature in one of our Barbie escapades (we don't do elf on a shelf – our Barbie dolls come alive during December!). Are you thinking ahead for Christmas? I'd love to see some of your Christmas projects (and get more ideas!). Please share them in the comments, or on my facebook page https://www.facebook.com/thingsnicolemade/.
P.S. I wasn't expecting to finish this so quickly, but was so excited I had to add it to my post before it went live! I've finished covering the wreath and I'm stoked about how it's turned out!


Today you turned two and a half and it's been a while since I wrote you one of my open letters, so here it is.
You are pure magic my sweet boy, and today has been lovely. Our tradition of half birthday cupcake baking makes us both smile. You chose your own this year, with a trip to the party store, you decided on Spider Man cupcakes because he is clearly one of your favorite heroes of the moment. Along with Iron Man and anyone from Star Wars.
Each month with you, each milestone, each age, continues to be my very new favorite. Sure, we have our challenges because #toddlerhood and #firsttimemom, but you are something so special. Your daddy and I both know it to be true.
You're incredibly smart and can count to 20 and sing your ABC's. You know all of your colors, including dark and light, metallics and more which totally blows me away. Your concept knowledge astounds us daily, and you'll do anything to make us laugh.
Your favorite toys are doing puzzles, playing Legos, battling super heroes, playing board games with mom and dad and doing pretty much ANYTHING outside. You've been to Disneyland 4 times and you talk about it all the time. You also regularly ask to go to the beach and have an interesting fascination with knowing where things are and studying your USA map.
Your favorite movies right now are Spiderman 3, Spiderman Homecoming, Toy Story, Monsters Inc. and Peter Pan.
You're still a mommy's boy (and I pray you always will be), but you're starting to find special things you love to do with just your daddy. You also sleep SO much better when cuddled next to him. You're still nursing, and we are so blessed we've had this long of a journey. I never thought I'd be a mama who nursed into toddlerhood but I am so glad I've been able to give you that health boost and comfort when you've needed it.
I truly love you more everyday. Sometimes SO much it aches. When I'm bone tired, and you've fallen asleep next to me, I will stay awake a while and sit and watch you. Soaking this time in. Your long lashes, curly blonde hair and slow breaths in the night light's glow are something awe inspiring. It's all so perfect, and I know before long you'll grow from my toddler into my big kid. Just in the way you've grown from my sweet infant into my wonderful, wonderful two year old.
Loving you is the best adventure and I hope today was as wondrous, fun and magical for you as it was for me.
Here's to two and a half. To dress up and playing pretend.
To all your cute words and big vocabulary. Our late night chats and listening to you sing songs.
To learning your personality more everyday so I can be the best mommy I can be.
To watching you bond with your dad and our family and friends who love you so well.
Cheers my little chicken nugget, I love you and everything you are. Happy Half Birthday sweetie!


After you have booked your ceremony, you are both legally required to give a Notice of Marriage, in person, at a Register Office.
If you are residents of Islington or the City of London you can book an appointment to give notice on-line here.
If either if you are foreign nationals, subject to immigration control, you must give your notices at a designated register office.
Therefore you can also book an appointment to give notice on-line with Islington and City of London Register Office here.
If you are both EEA nationals you will need to contact the local register office where you live in order to give notice.


A delicious 100% complete recipe made with local organic ingredients for a really tasty, nutritious wet food. This recipe is certified organic and has no artificial ingredients or preservatives which makes it especially good for dogs with sensitivities.
A delicious 100% complete recipe made with local organic ingredients for a really tasty, nutritious wet food. This recipe is certified organic and has no artificial ingredients or preservatives which makes it especially good for dogs with sensitivities. Spelt is a traditional ancient grain full of nutrients and a low G.I, which makes for a very satisfying meal. A complete, delicious wet food.
Lilys Kitchen have signed a PETA Statement of Assurance pledging that they do not conduct, contract out or fund animal tests in the developing, manufacturing, testing or marketing of their products. You are entitled to know if you are giving money to a pet food company that is responsible for the confinement and pain of animals in laboratories - animals who are just like the ones you care for at home.
Certified Holistic. Made in the EU.
Ingredients: Organic Beef (50%), Organic Pork (5%), Organic Carrots and Peas, Organic Spelt, Organic Alfalfa, Organic Cleavers, Organic Spirulina, Sea Kelp, Vital vitamins and minerals including Vitamin E 15iu/kg.


Christmas Time- What Doctor Who stories can be used?
In only 19 days it's Christmas (!!!!!!!!!!!). One of many things to look forward to is the Doctor Who Christmas special. I almost always love them (mostly. It took me a long time to appreciate A Christmas Carol and I found the one afterwards incredibly dull). I have a soft spot for them because despite my memories of the David Tennant era being patchy, I vividly remember sitting down watching the Christmas specials. So, with this year's story having Santa, dreams (Mara return?), Arctic bases and the Doctor in a hoodie, I've decided to take a look at some other ideas that could be used in future specials. So far we've had Sycorax, Racnoss, Hosts, Cybermen, the Master, flying sharks, tree things, snowmen and last year we had everything. What can join the brigade?
One Christmas related myth I've been fascinated with is the Krampus. In German, Austrian and Romanian folklore, the Krampus is a demon who is basically the anti-Santa. He follows Santa around and punishes naughty children by trapping them in his sack and banishing to their lair. Seeing how Santa is in this year's story, it's not impossible for Krampus to appear this year, but if he isn't, then next year would be a perfect time. Maybe the Doctor arrives at a town where children are being kidnapped and he goes off to fight Krampus. I think given time that Krampus will appear, but I'd rather it be sooner rather than later.
This may have been already dealt with in The Snowmen, but that was just snowmen and an ice person. What I want is a special where the snow is a living, breathing monster, with each snowflake being a micro-organism which can kill people in a touch. It's sort of like the Flood, except this time it is snow and can posses dead corpses and skeletons. This not only will be awesome but it could create a monster that will make people wish it doesn't snow! The story could be that London is caught in a new Ice Age, but the snow entity is actually absorbing the human race for its own schemes.
Now this one is silly, completely personal and will probably never happen. But how cool would it be? Not only would it be a great title, but the Silence can get a stand-alone story without the Series 6 arc dominating over them. They are a brilliant monster which should return, and what better time than Christmas? The Doctor arrives in a town or a planet where everyone has forgotten Christmas. Why? Because the Church of the Silence has taken over the place. Remember (or not), the Silence are not just after the Doctor's life, in fact they helped the Doctor in the Time of the Doctor. There are many rogue branches out there, and I would love them to come back.
Again, completely silly, but one of my favourite movies combined with my favourite TV show would be amazing. The Doctor arrives in a world where nightmares are real, and they are trying to break through to the real world. Their leader (Jack Skelligton!) jumps through a time loop and arrives on Earth at the dawn of humanity, becoming an anti-Santa and making everyone hate Christmas. The Doctor needs to stop this and avert the timeline back to normal. Not only would a skeleton Santa be cool, but this year's Santa could then re-encounter the Doctor and fight Anti-Santa. Ok, ok, this is getting really cheesy, but it's Christmas so I forgive myself.
So those are four random ideas for next year's Christmas special. Out of all of them, Krampus is probably the most likely one, with the Nightmare Before Christmas being the least. How excited am I for this year? Very! The Doctor and Santa versus Dream Crabs… 19 days to go!
Next Why do people love Christmas?
Very imaginative and well written post. I had never heard of the Krampus before.
I really like the idea of a skeleton Santa. Maybe you should pitch this to Tim Burton.


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text:
North Carolina doctor thinks this treatment could help COVID-19 patients with brain fog
Nov 17, 2020 | COVID-19 News | 0 comments
From WLOS ASHEVILLE, N.C. — A longtime treatment for burn victims and survivors of traumatic brain injury may provide significant help for people trying to recover from some of the cognitive fallout caused by COVID-19.
"Women could not figure out what was going on with them — anxiety, depression and brain fog," said 51-year-old Whitney Madden, an acupuncturist and certified brain health coach.
Like many her age, Madden feels the effects of menopause, one being cognitive decline, also known as brain fog.
On Friday, Madden was helped into a hyperbaric oxygen chamber by Dr. Michael Trayford, founder of Apex Brain Centers in Asheville.
Trayford was preparing Madden for a dive. The treatment takes Madden's body to the equivalent of 18 feet below sea level, then adds as much as 400 percent more oxygen than normal to body tissues, cells and fluids for quicker, more effective healing.
"Cognitive decline is optional. That is not a normal part of aging. That means your system is out of balance," Madden said.
What isn't optional is COVID-19, an illness that is a threat to all of us, no matter what age, no matter how safe we think we're being. Medical experts are learning about COVID-19 as they go.
What they're finding so far sounds awfully familiar, the same effects as those who have suffered a traumatic brain injury.
TBI treatment is one of Trayford's specialties.
"Cognitive impairment, fatigue, body aches and pain, you name it, the sky's the limit on these symptoms," Trayford said. "There's this kind of 'COVID brain' going on after the fact now. People just can't get back to their normal selves, they're in a constant fog. The cognitive impairment is one of our central areas of focus, and we are starting to get calls now on this."
Read more: https://abc11.com/brain-fog-covid-19-brian-hyperbaric-chamber-coronavirus-nc/7982843/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is another one that I've split between books that I remember, and books that I've read recently. In all honestly, there aren't any books from the main series that I particularly disliked, but there were some that I didn't care for very much or don't have any strong memories of. This seems like a rather big list, but to be entirely truthful, I really just have little niggling issues with the following books.
From my childhood. This is one of the books that focused on Stacey and one of her many boyfriends, with an issue that was partly altogether too mature for someone who is thirteen and really shouldn't be having boyfriend problems, but also dealt with in a manner that seems appropriate for someone is thirteen. Here, Stacey goes on holiday with her dad and her best friend, Claudia, but spends all her time with her boyfriend, Robert, which annoys Claudia because she didn't tell her Robert would be there also. I suppose Stacey's Lie sparked my hatred of books surrounding "Big Misunderstandings"!
This was one of the last BSC books that I ever read, once I'd almost altogether finished reading the series when I was almost eleven and had moved on to more "mature" literature...like Sweet Valley High! But a friend of mine was still really into the BSC and lent me this. I didn't particularly enjoy this book, maybe because I was growing out of the series or maybe just because the entire plot surrounded synchronized swimming, a hobby of Jessi's that was mentioned in one book and then never again! I adored ballet as a kid so normally loved the books about ballet, but Jessi's Gold Medal just didn't interest me.
It's sad but true - a lot of my least favourite BSC books involved Jessi. I don't think it was anything in particular to do with her; her family was most like mine (small, little drama and not Caucasian [yes, I'm actually Anglo-Indian, despite the fact that my skin is literally white]) and I wanted to be a ballerina for a brief period when I was a child and even took classes for a while. By all means, I should have loved Jessi's books, but she just got the most boring or unrealistic plots! Here, I think, she babysits some bratty kid who is a movie star. Sadly, that's all I can remember about Jessi and the Superbrat so it can't have been that interesting.
Here we have evidence that, yes, not only did Jessi get the worst plots, she also had some of the least flattering covers! I honestly cannot remember what Jessi's issue was in Jessi's Horrible Prank, I'm not sure if she pulls a prank on the teacher or if she just doesn't stop the other kids from teasing him. I think this was another book that my friend lent me - she must have been a Jessi fan - but I do remember that the font on this cover was silver because it was the 75th book. I think it came with a free bookmark with vague paisley-style swirls on it. Not sure if it actually had much to do with the BSC, I imagine that they put a lot less thought into the UK releases than the US ones.
But as an adult? I'd have to say that Stacey and the Mystery of Stoneybrook jumps to mind immediately. I think the whole BSC fan community is in agreement that the ghostwriter of this book was high when they wrote this book as it just isn't in keeping with the rest of the series at all. One of the weirdest, least-explained and just downright bizarre mysteries in the main series.
Then there's Abby the Bad Sport, and not just because it shocked me with the use of the word "mental-retardation". Maybe it was still considered PC to use this word in 1997, so I could be making a fuss out of nothing. Mainly, I just wasn't interested in a book about football, and most of this book focuses on either Abby playing football, the other girls watching Abby play football or Abby bragging about how good she is at football. (Or soccer, if you're American). (Also, this book never got published in the UK, hence the garish pink cover. I'm sure my copy is more of a baby-pink so this may be just a bad picture).
I read Dawn's Family Feud fairly recently, actually over this particular summer. But despite this, I don't have any particularly strong memories of it, except that the kids were complete brats! Dawn, Mary Anne and Jeff were all very out-of-character. Although, I will admit, they probably acted like normal kids, it wasn't in keeping with their usual behaviour in the series. It reminded me a lot of Dawn's Wicked Stepsister, in which the problems seemed a bit contrived and then were fixed very quickly and never mentioned again.
Finally, I'd have to say Mallory and the Mystery Diary. Why? Because I read it last year and can barely remember the plot. Except that I found it weird that the mystery belonged to Mallory, not Stacey, despite most of the story taking place in Stacey's house. Not quite as weird as Stacey and the Mystery of Stoneybrook, but definitely not very memorable. And the cover-art? Oh, my. Poor Mallory indeed!
What's more distinct for you, your favourite novels or your least favourite? Do you have specific reasons why you don't like some of the books, or were they just not as interesting as others?


text:
BBC Radio 1 England, 21 September 1976 17.45
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text:
Q: Why some very close floating numbers cause such divergence in this Python code with 3.4.x to at least 3.6.6 version? When I execute this code it's generate arithmetical divergence or not with very close float numbers it's occur when the numbers are to the form 2**n-p/q can produce a acceptable result and sometimes a very fast divergence. I have read some documentation about floating point arithmetic but I think the matter is elsewhere but where ? If anyone has an idea I'll be very happy to understand the matter...
I have tried to execute the code on Python 3.4.5 (32bits) and I have try it online with repl.it and trinket here url[https://trinket.io/python3/d3f3655168] the results were similars .
#this code illustrates arithmetical divergence with floating point numbers
# on Python 3.4 an 3.6.6

def ErrL(r):
    s=1
    L=[]
    for k in range(10):
        s=s*(r+1)-r
        L.append(s)
    return L

print(ErrL(2**11-2/3.0)) # this number generate a fast divergence in loop for
#[0.9999999999997726, 0.9999999995341113, 0.9999990457047261, 0.9980452851802966, -3.003907522359441, -8200.33724163292, -16799071.44994476, -34410100067.30351, -70483354973240.67, -1.4437340543685667e+17]

print(ErrL(2**12-1/3.0)) # this number generate a fast divergence in loop for
#[0.9999999999995453, 0.9999999981369001, 0.9999923674999991, 0.968732191662184, -127.09378815725313, -524756.5521508802, -2149756770.9781055, -8806836909202.637, -3.607867520470422e+16, -1.4780230608860496e+20]

print(ErrL(2**12-1/10.0)) # this number generate a fast divergence in loop for
#[0.9999999999995453, 0.9999999981369001, 0.9999923670652606, 0.9687286296662023, -127.11567712053602, -524876.117595124, -2150369062.0754633, -8809847014512.865, -3.609306223376185e+16, -1.478696666654989e+20]

print(ErrL(2**12-1/9.0)) # no problem here
#[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

print(ErrL(2**12-1/11.0)) # no problem here
#[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

What I expect is obviously an ten ones vector !

A: When executing this code with Python 2, / between integers means integer division (which is now called // in Python 3).
So, in this case, 2/3, 1/3 and so on are all equal to 0, and what you get is ErrL(2**11), ..., which will always be 1.
With Python 3, 2/3 is a float, and not 0, which explains why you get different results.

A: The reason why the divergence is very fast is mathematics. If you write f(s) = (r+1) * s - r, it becomes evident that the derivative is the constant r+1. According to wikipedia 64 bits floats in IEE 754 representation have a mantissa of 53 bits. With r being close to 2**11, an error on last bit will require less than 5 steps be become close to 1. And with numbers close to 2**12 it explodes at the 5th iteration, which is what you obtain.
Phew, the maths I learned 40 years ago are still not broken...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: __DIR__ in PHP Drush script is not returning the script path When adding the line:
#!/usr/bin/env drush

to the top of a PHP script to automatically run using drush, the variable __DIR__ and __FILE__ stop returning my script file name and directory and return drush paths instead.
Is there another variable that should be used in case of drush scripts to get the script path and dir?
Note: When I remove that line and use drush scr <myscript> instead, __DIR__ and __FILE__ return the correct paths.
[EDIT]
To test the suggestions below in the answer by Hasan Bayat:
I ran the following script:
<?php
print('__DIR__ value is: '.__DIR__."\n");
print('__FILE__ value is: '.__FILE__."\n");
print('SCRIPT_FILENAME is: '.$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']."\n");
print('PATH_TRANSLATED is: '.$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']."\n");
print('from backtrace: '.debug_backtrace()[count(debug_backtrace()) - 1]['file']."\n");
print('included_files: '.get_included_files()[0]."\n");

Using the command line:
drush scr script.php

And the results are as following
__DIR__ value is: /path/to/my/script
__FILE__ value is: /path/to/my/script/script.php
SCRIPT_FILENAME is: /path/to/current/dir/index.php
PATH_TRANSLATED is: /usr/local/bin/drush
from backtrace: /usr/local/bin/drush
included_files: /usr/local/bin/drush

I then changed the script to add the line #!/usr/bin/env drush at the top. And reran the script this time with the command:
./script.php

Now the results are as following:
__DIR__ value is: phar:///usr/local/bin/drush/commands/core
__FILE__ value is: phar:///usr/local/bin/drush/commands/core/core.drush.inc(1194) : eval()'d code
SCRIPT_FILENAME is: /path/to/current/dir/index.php
PATH_TRANSLATED is: /usr/local/bin/drush
from backtrace: /usr/local/bin/drush
included_files: /usr/local/bin/drush

So apparently none of the suggested solutions works in case the drush first line is added to the script.

A: There are several ways but here is two:

*

*Using $_SERVER Global Variable: Check your $_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"] has exists and points to the current file, then if it not works use $_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"] it might works.

*If the $_SERVER variable not works use the below code:

$stack = debug_backtrace();
$firstFrame = $stack[count($stack) - 1];
$initialFile = $firstFrame['file'];

if none of them works use getcwd(); to get current working directory and follow it by your file name.
EDIT: The third way is to using get_included_files(), if you don't have any included files previously your current file should be:
$included_files = get_included_files();
echo $included_files[0]; // Outputs current script path


text:
DALE DUBIN IS NOT ON THE AMERICAN SUNBATHING ASSOCIATIONS CAUTION LIST.
Doctor's arrest upsets his nudist neighbors
ST. PETER5BURG TIMES, 1986
By ADAM NOSSITER, St. Petersburg Times Staff Writer
LAND O'LAKES-Resident of a Pasco nudist resort are "extremely upset' about the jailing of one of their neighbors, Dr. Dale Dubin, on child pornography charges, a resort official said Monday.
Dubin, a well-known plastic surgeon in Tampa, bought a $104,000 condominium in the Paradise Lakes resort in 1984 but rarely used it, vice president Chuck Foster said. The luxuriously furnished condominium was searched by postal authorities last Mondav but they found no pornography, the official said.
But in a search of Dubin's $310,000 house in Lutz, police found more than 200 explicit films and videotapes, including videos of preteens in sexual acts. Dubin, 46 was arrested and jailed last Monday night in Tampa. On Friday, he surprised his lawyers by opting not to seek bail, and is now in the custody of U.S. Marshals at a secret location.
He was charged with two counts of receiving child pornography through the mail and one count of using the mail to distribute obscene material.
Although few at the resort knew him, the residents are "very upset, extremely upset, because they don't want any black mark on our community," Fosler said in an interview.
Paradise Lakes, the second largest nudist resort in the country, is self-conscious about its image. The 4-year-old resort bills itself as a family place, and a sign by the swimming pool says overt sexual behavior is not allowed. "Overt sexuality is not condoned," a brochure says. Applicants are screened before being allowed in, according to the brochure.
Both Foster and general manager James Lake said Dubin came to his condominium only a few times during the year. Neighbors said they never saw him.
"The man's a recluse," Foster said. He said he had never met the doctor.
Dubin has already been barred from the club, and the condominium owners association will consider his expulsion at its next meeting, said Foster.
Residents have been thankful that the doctor's connection to Paradise Lakes had so far not been noted, Foster said. "We have to be protective as far as the people who live here are concerned," he said. "They like to be anonymous."
Dale Dubin Sentenced To Five Years
Proprietary to the United Press International 1987
A federal judge sentenced millionaire plastic surgeon Dale B. Dubin to five years in prison for what the judge called an obsession with pornography and cocaine that turned the doctor's life into a tragedy.
U.S. District Judge William J. Castagna told Dubin at a sentencing hearing Friday he could not see how a ''person of your talent, ability, education and interest in art,'' could have turned his life into such a ''tragedy and waste of such a rare and needed talent.''
Dubin pleaded guilty six weeks ago to 22 counts of child pornography and cocaine charges.
Eleven of the drug counts involved a 16-year-old girl who was seduced by Dubin with the help of pills and vodka and eventually agreed to participate in sexual encounters with Dubin, another 17-year-old girl and a 23-year-old woman.
Dubin videotaped some of the encounters for his pleasure. The incidents took place at two of his condominiums and the Pasco County nudist resort of Paradise Lake.
He is expected to serve his time in a minimum security facility where he will be able to receive drug counseling.
U.S. Attorney Robert W. Merkle, who prosecuted the case, told Castagna that no crimes ''are more violent than the use of child pornography and the distribution of narcotics.'' He said Dubin's attempt to minimize his activities as just a ''lifestyle'' was a ''new low in euphemisms.''
Merkle said it was particularly aggravating that Dubin used his medical knowledge to satisfy his own appetite and risk the lives and mental health of his victims.
Dubin, 47, stood with his head bowed throughout the 40-minute hearing Friday. Except for a few mumbled words about a letter to the judge, he did not say anything.
In that letter, Dubin complained of the ''lurid display'' of his case by prosecutors and claimed details of his activities were ''egregiously distorted'' by the press. He also spoke of his sexual escapades as examples of ''an occasional clandestine soiree.''
Dubin was arrested Aug. 11 at the mansion in Lutz, Fla. he called Hassle Free, after being sucked into a child pornography sting by sending off a $100 bill to buy films including ''Barbarian Girls.''
The Dubin story received extensive news coverage as his doctors unsuccessfully tried to have him committed to a mental hospital for treatment of what they called potentially suicidal depression, and Merkle countered by adding details of the case into the court record.


text:
Extending the Growing Season through Root Crops
Evaluating 31 types of carrots, 18 beets, and 7 parsnips for yield, appearance, color, taste, and storage ability.
The ability to sell product year-round can be critical to the health of a farm enterprise. But with a growing season that ends in the fall, the Northeast offers few opportunities for vegetable farmers to generate income from agriculture over the winter months. In fact, despite being occupied with maintenance on the farm and getting ready for spring, many farm owners rely on outside employment to carry them through the off season. Among the most promising solutions being explored for growers looking to extend the season are root crops such as carrots, beets and parsnips. Because they store well and can be sold long after harvest time, these vegetables can be of considerable value to Hudson Valley farmers.
"More and more growers are storing root crops and selling them through the winter to provide a steady income throughout the year," explains Crystal Stewart of Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program (CCE ENYCHP), who organized a root crops variety trial at the Hudson Valley Farm Hub this season. "Root crops can help Hudson Valley growers stay profitable through the winter, cushioning the margins over more popular but often less profitable leafy greens."
For locally minded consumers, finding Hudson Valley root vegetables off-season can be a challenge. "More than 80% of the carrots in this country are grown in California," Farm Hub Associate Director Jean-Paul Courtens explained recently. "Carrots are grown here in the Hudson Valley from the middle of July to around Thanksgiving, and then they disappear again."
As part of the CCE ENYCHP variety trial, thirty-one types of carrots, eighteen beets, and seven parsnips were evaluated for yield, appearance, color, taste, and storage ability. Through the coming winter, carrots and beets harvested and kept in ideal conditions will be tested on a monthly basis for taste and Brix levels (a measure of sugar content). Beets will be stored at Pleasant Valley Farm in Argyle, NY. The carrots and parsnips will be stored at the Carrot Barn in Schoharie County.
Preliminary results of the first part of the trial were presented at a twilight meeting at the Farm Hub on September 29. In addition to Stewart and Courtens who introduced the trial and methodology, Sarah Pethybridge of Cornell University spoke about foliar diseases of table beets and Lisa Ward of Sakata Seeds presented the different types of beets that were used in the trial. Over 40 growers participated in the event, including Dutchess County farmer Ken Migliorelli, who shared his approach to the challenge of getting parsnips to germinate.
The first half of the evening was spent touring the plots and hearing results from the trial. "What surprised us were the incredible differences between the varieties," Courtens told farmers. This was particularly true when it came to quantifying "marketable roots," in other words, estimating how many of the carrots harvested would be sellable. A key factor for consumers purchasing root vegetables is appearance, and even a minor deviation in form can make a carrot useless no matter its taste or size. "When a carrot looks funny," Courtens explained, "people don't buy it.
"I graded the carrots for fresh market, not for wholesale," Stewart told the assembled farmers. "So we were allowing some deviation to go through, I was being really generous which tells you that some of these carrots were just not viable."
Among the more promising carrot varieties, Envy, a multipurpose hybrid, produced the greatest yield per acre, with 28,460 lbs. of carrots per acre. Several other carrots, including Carson, Goldfinger, Juliana, Magnum, Navarino, Nelson, Romance, and Vitana, brought in over 70% marketable roots, while three (Scarlett Nantes, Nevis, and Coreless Amsterdam) had under 50% marketable roots.
The carrot trial also included an informal comparison between carrots grown on level ground as opposed to ridges. "Carrots in the Hudson Valley are usually grown on flat ground or in raised beds," Courtens explained. "In California and in Europe, however, they're grown in ridges." Carrots grown in ridges are planted in twice as much topsoil as compared with a raised bed. The theory is that carrots grown this way are easier to harvest and to weed, and that by increasing the topsoil available to the carrot the root grows longer and more uniformly. Indeed, in the 2015 trial plots, the carrots planted on flat ground seemed to have lower yields than those planted in ridges. All varieties, however, struggled to break through a hard crust formed on the field after three inches of rain fell in one day just after seeding.
For beets, Rhonda, an F1 variety, had the largest weight of marketable roots and yield per 100' of row (175.3lbs). Boro, a dark red beet, was a close second with 171.3lbs of beets per 100' of row. Among yellow beets, Touchstone Gold was the most productive, with 112.3lbs per 100' of row. Notably, the yellow and white beets in the trial had much nicer tops than the red varieties.
Varieties kept in storage will be sampled regularly throughout the winter for taste and Brix levels to assess their storage quality. The first taste test took place during the September 29th event, with participants gathering in the packing house to sample the carrots before voting for the best tasting varieties.
"What we try to do with a trial like this is give growers an accurate idea of how these crops would perform in the field," Stewart said. "Growers don't want to commit to something new until they have seen results, and the good news is that we had some really interesting results coming out of this trial." Stewart will be sharing those results over the coming months at the New England Vegetable Conference, the Empire State Fruit and Vegetable Conference, and at ENYCHP's winter meetings.


text:
Die Internazionali di Manerbio – Trofeo Dimmidisì 2019 waren ein Tennisturnier, das vom 5. bis 11. August 2019 in Manerbio stattfand. Es war Teil der ATP Challenger Tour 2019 und wurde im Freien auf Sand ausgetragen.

Das Teilnehmerfeld der Einzelkonkurrenz bestand aus 48 Spielern, jenes der Doppelkonkurrenz aus 16 Paaren. Die 16 gesetzten Spieler im Einzel erhielten in der ersten Runde ein Freilos.

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks
 Einzel-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 141 kB)
 Doppel-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 110 kB)
 Qualifikations-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 86 kB)

ATP Challenger Tour 2019
Tennisturnier in Manerbio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"use strict"
// ASCII Text generator: http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&c=c%2B%2B&w=%20&f=Straight&t=Custom%20Library

//   __
//  (_  _|_    _
//  __)(-|_|_||_)
//            |
// Because we are going to use systemjs to bring in jspm packages, we need to re-flow our code in an asynchronous fashion
// We'll be using promises to execute the four steps in order and define the business logic up front in the following two methods
let System = require('jspm').Loader();
let result = null;
function esLogic(es)
{
    es.hello('World!');
    let math = new es.MathLib();
    result = math.multiply(3,4);
    console.log(`expecting 12, calculated ${result}`);
}

function lodashLogic(_)
{
    console.log('lodash has also found the calculated result to be ' + _.get({calculatedResult: result}, 'calculatedResult'));
}

//   __
//  |__)    _
//  | \ |_|| )
//
esNPM()
.then(esJSPM)
.then(lodashNPM)
.then(lodashJSPM)
.then(done)
.then(() => process.exit(0));

//   __
//  /      _|_ _  _   |  .|_  _ _  _
//  \__|_|_)|_(_)|||  |__||_)| (_|| \/
//                                  /
// Using NPM
function esNPM()
{
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
    {
        console.log('------------es2015-publish-template with NPM------------');
        let es = require('es2015-publish-template');
        // Uncomment line below to view typscript intellisense working
        // This is because npm brought in the es2015-publish-template definitions, not because of jspm
        //es.

        esLogic(es);
        resolve();
    });
}

// Using JSPM
function esJSPM()
{
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
    {
        System.import('es2015-publish-template').then((es) =>
        {
            // Notice, you will not get definitions when uncommenting the line below :(
            //es.
            console.log('------------es2015-publish-template with JSPM-----------');
            esLogic(es);
            resolve();
        });
    });
}

//   __
//  |__)_  _    | _  _  |  .|_  _ _  _
//  |  (_)|_)|_||(_||   |__||_)| (_|| \/
//        |                           /
// Using NPM
function lodashNPM()
{
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
    {
        console.log('---------------------lodash with NPM--------------------');
        let _ = require('lodash');
        // Uncomment line below to view typescript intellisense working
        // This is because "typings" brought in the lodash definitions, not because of npm or jspm
        //_.

        lodashLogic(_);
        resolve();
    });
}

// Using JSPM
function lodashJSPM()
{
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
    {
        System.import('lodash').then((_) =>
        {
            // Notice, you will not get definitions when uncommenting the line below :(
            //_.

            console.log('--------------------lodash with JSPM--------------------');
            lodashLogic(_);
            resolve();
        });
    });
}

function done()
{
    console.log('If you can see this, it means this example performed as expected');
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
User Group Meeting: Unbiased characterization of metagenome composition and function using HiFi sequencing on the PacBio Sequel II System
In this PacBio User Group Meeting presentation, PacBio scientist Meredith Ashby shared several examples of analysis — from full-length 16S sequencing to shotgun sequencing — showing how SMRT Sequencing enables accurate representation for metagenomics and microbiome characterization, in some cases even without fully assembling genomes. New updates will provide users with a dedicated microbial assembly pipeline, optimized for all classes of bacteria, as well as increased multiplexing on the Sequel II System, now with 48 validated barcoded adapters. That throughput could reduce the cost of microbial analysis substantially.
Webinar: Unbiased, efficient characterization of metagenome functions with PacBio HiFi sequencing
Understanding interactions among plants and the complex communities of organisms living on, in and around them requires more than one experimental approach. A new method for de novo metagenome assembly, PacBio HiFi sequencing, has unique strengths for determining the functional capacity of metagenomes. With HiFi sequencing, the accuracy and median read length of unassembled data outperforms the quality metrics for many existing assemblies generated with other technologies, enabling cost-competitive recovery of full-length genes and operons even from rare species. When paired with the ability to close the genomes of even challenging isolates like Xanthomonas, the PacBio Sequel II System is…
Unbiased characterization of metagenome composition and function using HiFi sequencing on the PacBio Sequel II System
Recent work comparing metagenomic sequencing methods indicates that a comprehensive picture of the taxonomic and functional diversity of complex communities will be difficult to achieve with short-read technology alone. While the lower cost of short reads has enabled greater sequencing depth, the greater contiguity of long-read assemblies and lack of GC bias in SMRT Sequencing has enabled better gene finding. However, since long-read assembly requires high coverage for error correction, the benefits of unbiased coverage have in the past been lost for low abundance species. SMRT Sequencing performance improvements and the introduction of the Sequel II System has enabled a…
Recent work comparing metagenomic sequencing methods indicates that a comprehensive picture of the taxonomic and functional diversity of complex communities will be difficult to achieve with one sequencing technology alone. While the lower cost of short reads has enabled greater sequencing depth, the greater contiguity of long-read assemblies and lack of GC bias in SMRT Sequencing has enabled better gene finding. However, since long-read assembly typically requires high coverage for error correction, these benefits have in the past been lost for low-abundance species. The introduction of the Sequel II System has enabled a new, higher throughput, assembly-optional data type that…
SMRT Sequencing and assembly of the human microbiome project Mock Community sample – a feasibility project.
While the utility of Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing for de novo assembly and finishing of bacterial isolates is well established, this technology has not yet been widely applied to shotgun sequencing of microbial communities. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we sequenced genomic DNA from the Microbial Mock Community B of the Human Microbiome Project
Minimization of chimera formation and substitution errors in full-length 16S PCR amplification
The constituents and intra-communal interactions of microbial populations have garnered increasing interest in areas such as water remediation, agriculture and human health. One popular, efficient method of profiling communities is to amplify and sequence the evolutionarily conserved 16S rRNA sequence. Currently, most targeted amplification focuses on short, hypervariable regions of the 16S sequence. Distinguishing information not spanned by the targeted region is lost and species-level classification is often not possible. SMRT Sequencing easily spans the entire 1.5 kb 16S gene, and in combination with highly-accurate single-molecule sequences, can improve the identification of individual species in a metapopulation. However, when amplifying…
The constituents and intra-communal interactions of microbial populations have garnered increasing interest in areas such as water remediation, agriculture and human health. Amplification and sequencing of the evolutionarily conserved 16S rRNA gene is an efficient method of profiling communities. Currently, most targeted amplification focuses on short, hypervariable regions of the 16S sequence. Distinguishing information not spanned by the targeted region is lost, and species-level classification is often not possible. PacBio SMRT Sequencing easily spans the entire 1.5 kb 16S gene in a single read, producing highly accurate single-molecule sequences that can improve the identification of individual species in a metapopulation.However,…
Resistome and a Novel blaNDM-1-Harboring Plasmid of an Acinetobacter haemolyticus Strain from a Children's Hospital in Puebla, Mexico.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates have been frequently associated with hospital and community infections, with A. baumannii being the most common. Other Acinetobacter spp. not belonging to this complex also cause infections in hospital settings, and the incidence has increased over the past few years. Some species of the Acinetobacter genus possess a great diversity of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, porins, and resistance genes that can be acquired and disseminated by mobilizable genetic elements. By means of whole-genome sequencing, we describe in the clinical Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain AN54 different mechanisms of resistance that involve blaOXA-265, blaNDM-1, aphA6, aac(6′)-Ig,…
Plasmid-encoded tet(X) genes that confer high-level tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli.
Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics to treat complicated infections caused by both multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria1. Tigecycline resistance has sporadically occurred in recent years, primarily due to chromosome-encoding mechanisms, such as overexpression of efflux pumps and ribosome protection2,3. Here, we report the emergence of the plasmid-mediated mobile tigecycline resistance mechanism Tet(X4) in Escherichia coli isolates from China, which is capable of degrading all tetracyclines, including tigecycline and the US FDA newly approved eravacycline. The tet(X4)-harbouring IncQ1 plasmid is highly transferable, and can be successfully mobilized and stabilized in recipient clinical and laboratory strains of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. It…
Antibiotic susceptibility of plant-derived lactic acid bacteria conferring health benefits to human.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) confer health benefits to human when administered orally. We have recently isolated several species of LAB strains from plant sources, such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and medicinal plants. Since antibiotics used to treat bacterial infection diseases induce the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria in intestinal microflora, it is important to evaluate the susceptibility of LAB strains to antibiotics to ensure the safety and security of processed foods. The aim of the present study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics against several plant-derived LAB strains. When aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin (SM), kanamycin (KM), and…
Emergence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance genes in animals and humans.
Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic that is used to treat severe infections caused by extensively drug-resistant bacteria. tet(X) has been shown to encode a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that modifies tigecycline1,2. Here, we report two unique mobile tigecycline-resistance genes, tet(X3) and tet(X4), in numerous Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter that were isolated from animals, meat for consumption and humans. Tet(X3) and Tet(X4) inactivate all tetracyclines, including tigecycline and the newly FDA-approved eravacycline and omadacycline. Both tet(X3) and tet(X4) increase (by 64-128-fold) the tigecycline minimal inhibitory concentration values for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. In addition, both Tet(X3) (A. baumannii) and Tet(X4) (E.…
Whole-genome analysis of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1-producing Acinetobacter haemolyticus from China.
Infections caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp. has aroused worldwide attention. With the increasing isolation of non-baumannii Acinetobacter, the nature of infection and resistance associated with them needs to be elaborated. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Acinetobacter haemolyticus (named sz1652) isolated from Shenzhen city, China.Antibiotic spectrum was analyzed after antimicrobial susceptibility test. Combined disk test (CDT) was used to detecting the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs). Transferability of carbapenem resistance was tested by filter mating experiments and plasmid transformation assays. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using HiSeq 2000 and PacBio RS system.The A. haemolyticus strain sz1652…
Efficacy of Newly Isolated and Highly Potent Bacteriophages in a Mouse Model of XDRAB Bacteremia.
Bacteremia can be caused by Acinetobacter baumannii with clinical manifestations ranging from transient bacteremia to septic shock. Extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) strains producing the New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase, which confers resistance to all ß-lactams including carbapenems, have emerged and infected patients suffer increased mortality, morbidity and length of hospitalization. The lack of new antimicrobials led to a renewed interest into phage therapy, the so-called forgotten cure. Accordingly, we tested new lytic bacteriophages in a Galleria mellonella and a mouse model of XDRAB-induced bacteremia.Galleria mellonella were challenged with 5.105 CFU of the XDRAB strain FER. Phages vB_AbaM_3054 and vB_AbaM_3090 were administrated…
Complete Genome Sequence of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Halotolerant Acinetobacter radioresistens DD78, Isolated from the Aconcagua River Mouth in Central Chile.
Acinetobacter radioresistens strain DD78 (= CCUG 69565) is a soil hydrocarbon-degrading and biosurfactant-producing bacterium isolated from chronically crude oil-polluted soil of the Aconcagua River mouth in Chile. The 3.25-Mb A. radioresistens DD78 genome (41.8% GC content) was completely sequenced, with 4 replicons, 2,970 coding sequences, and 77 tRNAs.Copyright © 2019 Macaya et al.
Increased prevalence of Escherichia coli strains from food carrying blaNDM and mcr-1-bearing plasmids that structurally resemble those of clinical strains, China, 2015 to 2017.
Introduction: Emergence of resistance determinants of blaNDM and mcr-1 has undermined the antimicrobial effectiveness of the last line drugs carbapenems and colistin. Aim: This work aimed to assess the prevalence of blaNDM and mcr-1 in E. coli strains collected from food in Shenzhen, China, during the period 2015 to 2017. Methods: Multidrug-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from food samples. Plasmids encoding mcr-1 or blaNDM genes were characterised and compared with plasmids found in clinical isolates.ResultsAmong 1,166 non-repeated cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains isolated from 2,147 food samples, 390 and 42, respectively, were resistant to colistin and meropenem, with five strains…


Children have the opportunity to learn a variety of instruments such as recorders, violin, brass woodwind and guitar in school with staff from the Shropshire Music Service and private providers.
School hosts the Bridgnorth Orchestra. This is run by staff from the Shropshire Music Service. Pupils from St John's and the surrounding schools enjoy playing together every week.
Shropshire Music Service runs a school choir for all ages in the lunchtimes. The choir attends concerts throughout the year.
In the Summer Term, pupils from Year 3 take part in the annual music "Shropshire Sings" organised by Shropshire Music Service.
Pupils join with Primary and Secondary schools in the Bridgnorth area for music workshops.
All Year 4 pupils have class music lessons throughout the whole academic year, where they are given the opportunity to learn to play the flute or clarinet. The children then perform in a concert as Shrewsbury in June with other primary school pupils and the Shropshire Wind Orchestra.
Year 1 and 2 perform a Christmas musical every year.
Year 5 and 6 pupils perform a musical at the end of the Summer Term.
Pupils from St John's have also contributed musical and dance routines to the "Bridgnorth's Got Talent" festival and the Bridgnorth Christmas Lighting event as well as a number of other local celebrations.


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Trump Administration Proposes Rule To Reverse Protections For Transgender Patients
By Alison Kodjak,
Published May 24, 2019 at 9:50 AM CDT
Jacquelyn Martin
Roger Severino, director of the Office for Civil Rights, announced Friday a new proposed rule rolling back anti-discrimination protections for transgender patients. Those protections had been written in 2016 but enjoined in court.
Updated at 6:01 p.m. ET
The federal Department of Health and Human Services is proposing to roll back an Obama-era policy intended to protect transgender people from discrimination in health care.
Roger Severino, director of the HHS Office for Civil Rights, said the proposed rule, released Friday, would revise protections put into place in 2016 as part of the Affordable Care Act that defined discrimination "on the basis of sex" to include gender identity. Gender identity was interpreted as one's "internal sense of being male, female, neither, or a combination of male and female."
Two lawsuits temporarily blocked that definition from being implemented. Today's proposed action by HHS would go along with those court rulings and permanently remove gender identity from the classes protected from discrimination by the health care law.
Severino said at a press briefing that the proposed rule conforms with existing law.
"When Congress prohibited sex discrimination, it did so according to the plain meaning of the term, and we are making our regulations conform," said Severino in a statement.
"We have concluded in our most recent filing with the court that discrimination on the basis of sex does not cover gender identity," he said during a press briefing.
Jocelyn Samuels, the former head of HHS's Office for Civil Rights, says that the 2016 policy defining sex to include gender identity was based on how the courts had treated sex discrimination laws in education and employment.
"We determined based on extensive analysis of the law and the way that the law had been applied under employment discrimination laws and education discrimination laws that sex discrimination included not just discrimination against women and men, but also discrimination based on sex stereotyping and gender identity," says Samuels, who is now director of the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law.
However, that rule had been on hold after a Texas judge, on the last day of 2016, ruled that the Obama administration exceeded its authority by interpreting sex discrimination to include discrimination against transgender people. The Trump Administration signaled that it intended to reverse the rule when it told the judge there was no need to issue a final ruling because it was rewriting the rule.
Samuels says that although HHS has not enforced the rule since the judge's ruling in 2016, people who felt they had been discriminated against on the basis of gender identity could still sue their doctors, for instance, and let the courts decide if they were protected.
Samuels says the new proposed rule is "extraordinarily damaging" to transgender people.
"The Administration has taken the position that there is no federal remedy for gender identity discrimination in employment, in education, in homeless shelters and now has proposed to take that position in the health care context as well," she says.
Research from the Williams Institute found that more than 780,000 transgender people live in states that lack legal protections from gender identity discrimination in public accommodations, such as health care facilities. Twenty-eight states lack such protections, according to the Williams Institute.
A 2017 NPR poll found that 31% of transgender Americans lack regular access to health care. And 22% said they avoided doctors or health care for fear of being discriminated against. The poll is part of a partnership with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Health.
The Human Rights Campaign says fear of discrimination causes many LGBTQ people to avoid seeking medical care. The group cites studies that show that 70 percent of transgender patients say they have experienced discrimination in a health care setting.
"Everyone deserves access to medically necessary care and should never be turned away because of who they are," says David Stacy, the group's director of government affairs.
Those who cheered today's news focused on what it means for health care providers who have religious objections to providing procedures connected to gender transition, for instance.
"This proposal is a step in the right direction because it protects the doctor-patient relationship and ensures that no doctor will be forced to provide medical procedures in violation of his medical judgment and at risk of patients," says Luke Goodrich, vice president of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty.
This week, the Department of Housing and Urban Development also proposed a new rule related to transgender people. It would undo protections for transgender people who go to federally funded homeless shelters. Critics say the change would allow shelter operators to turn transgender individuals away because of their gender identity, or to require transgender men to use women-only shelters and vice versa.
Today's proposed rule from HHS's Office for Civil Rights also proposes to reverse language in the Obama-era rule that included termination of pregnancy in the definition of sex discrimination.
It also would retain language in the 2016 rule that ensured protection for persons with disabilities in health care settings. It includes provisions to provide language access to non-English speakers. In addition, it rolls back regulation requiring the mailing of language access notices. HHS estimates it will save $3.6 billion in the first five years after finalization.
Severino said that his office would continue to vigorously enforce prohibitions of discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, age and sex in health care.
Selena Simmons-Duffin contributed to this report.
Alison Kodjak
Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak is a health policy correspondent on NPR's Science Desk.
See stories by Alison Kodjak


2017. "Discord Over DNA: Ideological Responses to Scientific Communication about Genes and Race." Alexandre Morin-Chasse, Elizabeth Suhay, and Toby Jayaratne. Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 2(2): 260-299. Published version & abstract / Author PDF.


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Medical Research Must Not Ignore Women
There's no one-size-fits-all approach to disease and treatment. Studies must distinguish between male and female subjects!
Today, the vast majority of medical research is done on men, with women compromising only one-third of test subjects.
The cause and rationale behind this is a long and complex one. In 1977, the FDA recommended that women of childbearing age essentially be excluded from clinical trials after medical disasters like the Thalidomide tragedy and synthetic estrogen known as DES, which led to malignancies in reproductive organs. Women's bodies also go through considerably more change then men's in the forms of menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause which can complicate research data sets.
But for those women who are willing to participate in medical research studies, all of the above facts are reasons why men and women must be separated when it comes to medical research.
Symptoms of medical complications, such as heart attacks, are experienced differently in men and women. A general unfamiliarity of women's symptoms when they don't match men's has cost countless lives in the form of misdiagnosis. Women also absorb and react to medicine differently than men which can lead to complications and side-effects unanticipated by male-dominated drug trials.
Clearly, something needs to be done. Women's health needs cannot be ignored any longer. While there is wisdom in the decision to limit women's participation in studies to protect the unborn, those women who do choose to participate in studies should not have their results scrutinized under the same standards as men. Quite simply, male and female bodies are different, and medical data should treat them as such.
Ask the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research to require studies to separate their results by male and female for the entire research process rather than lumping them together and to draw separate recommendations for the safe use of medicine for men and women.
To the Director of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,
I am writing to you today to express my concern after discovering that the FDA does not require medical research and drug trials to separate their findings by the sex of their participants. To get better data on the way women respond to specific drugs and treatment, this must change.
As you are no doubt aware, women and men do not always display the same signs, symptoms, or reactions to treatment. Symptoms of medical complications, such as heart attacks, are experienced differently in men and women. A general unfamiliarity of women's symptoms when they don't match men's has cost countless lives in the form of misdiagnosis. Women also absorb and react to medicine differently than men which can lead to complications and side-effects unanticipated by male-dominated drug trials.
I understand that in 1977, the FDA recommended that women of childbearing age essentially be excluded from clinical trials after medical disasters like the Thalidomide tragedy and synthetic estrogen known as DES, which led to malignancies in reproductive organs. I also realize that women's bodies also go through considerably more change then men's in the forms of menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause which can complicate research data sets.
While there is wisdom in the decision to limit women's participation in studies to protect the unborn, those women who do choose to participate in studies should not have their results scrutinized under the same standards as men. Quite simply, male and female bodies are different, and medical data should treat them as such.
Women need to benefit from medical trials by having researchers separate their data by sex. Please, change your policies to require studies to separate their results by male and female for the entire research process rather than lumping them together and to draw separate recommendations for the safe use of medicine for men and women.


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Node-Explorer
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Node js file system explorer


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Isotomus comptus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Isotomus.

References

Clytini
Monotypic beetle genera


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The Biggest Lakes in Ontario
The spectacular view of Lake Superior and its sand dunes.
Ontario is the second largest Canadian province by land area and the largest by population. At one time in the past, all of Ontario was covered by glaciers. However, about 10,000 years ago, the last ice sheet that covered the province receded and as a result, many lakes were formed together with the beginnings of the Great Lakes. Ontario has many lakes in a variety of sizes. Sixteen lakes in Ontario have an area greater than 150 square miles, of which Lake Superior is the biggest of all.
5. Lake Nipigon
Lying 850 feet above sea level, Lake Nipigon is the largest lake that is wholly found in the province of Ontario in Canada. Nipigon is also a part of the Great Lake drainage Basin. With a total area of 1,872 square miles, Lake Nipigon drains into the Nipigon River, and together they form the largest tributaries of Lake Superior. The largest islands on the lake include Katatota Island, Logan Island, Shakespeare Island, Murchison Island, Caribou Island, Kelvin Island, Murray Island, and Greek Island. The lake has a maximum depth of 541 feet.
4. Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario is the fifth largest of North America's five Great Lakes and the fourth largest in Ontario by surface area with approximately 7,340 square miles, lying at an elevation of 246 feet above sea level with 802 feet maximum depth. The primary inlet for Lake Ontario is the Niagara River. The lake drains into the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence River. It is the world's 14th largest lake.
3. Lake Erie
Lake Erie is the fourth largest of North America's five Great Lakes by surface area, the third largest in Ontario, and the 13th largest lake in the world. The lake has a total area of 9,900 square mile and a 210-foot maximum depth. It lies at an elevation of 571 feet above sea level. The lake is bounded by the US states of Michigan to the west, Pennsylvania to the eastern shore and New York to the southern shore. The lake was named Erie due to its unpredictable and sometimes dangerous and violent nature ("Erie" comes from the Iroquoian word "Erige", meaning "cat").
2. Lake Huron
Lake Huron is Ontario's second largest lake and the third largest of North America's five Great Lakes with an area of 23,000 square miles. The lake is bordered by the province of Ontario in Canada and the US state of Michigan. St. Marys River is the primary inlet of Lake Huron while the main outlet is the St. Clair River. The lake has a 750-foot maximum depth and a surface elevation of 581 feet.
1. Lake Superior
With an area of 31,700 square miles, Lake Superior is not only the largest lake in Canada's Ontario province but also the largest of North America's five Great Lakes. The lake is bordered on the north by Ontario, to the west by the state of Minnesota in the US and to the south by the American states of Wisconsin and Michigan. Lake Superior is considered as the largest freshwater lake in the world regarding the surface area. By volume, Lake Superior is the third largest freshwater lake in the world and the largest in North America. The lake has a surface elevation of 604feet and a maximum depth of 1,333 feet.
Which Are The Biggest Lakes In Ontario?
Area (including islands)
1 Lake Superior 82,100 km2 (31,700 sq mi) 184 m (604 ft)
2 Lake Huron 59,600 km2 (23,000 sq mi) 177 m (581 ft)
3 Lake Erie 25,700 km2 (9,900 sq mi) 174 m (571 ft)
4 Lake Ontario 18,960 km2 (7,320 sq mi) 75 m (246 ft)
5 Lake Nipigon 4,848 km2 (1,872 sq mi) 260 m (850 ft)
6 Lake of the Woods 3,150 km2 (1,220 sq mi) 323 m (1,060 ft)
7 Lac Seul 1,657 km2 (640 sq mi) 357 m (1,171 ft)
8 Lake St. Clair 1,114 km2 (430 sq mi) 175 m (574 ft)
9 Rainy Lake 932 km2 (360 sq mi) 338 m (1,109 ft)
10 Lake Abitibi 931 km2 (359 sq mi) 265 m (869 ft)
11 Lake Nipissing 832 km2 (321 sq mi) 196 m (643 ft)
12 Lake Simcoe 744 km2 (287 sq mi) 219 m (719 ft)
13 Big Trout Lake 661 km2 (255 sq mi) 213 m (699 ft)
14 Sandy Lake 527 km2 (203 sq mi) 276 m (906 ft)
15 Lake St. Joseph 493 km2 (190 sq mi) 371 m (1,217 ft)
16 Trout Lake 413 km2 (159 sq mi) 394 m (1,293 ft)
Joyce Chepkemoi April 25 2017 in Environment
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