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The Great Wall of Confinement: The Chinese Prison
Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage
By Philip F. Williams and Yenna Wu
Reviewed by Maghiel van Crevel
MCLC Resource Center Publication (Copyright May 2006)
Philip F. Williams and Yenna Wu. The Great Wall of Confinement: The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage
. Berkeley: University of Calfornia Press, 2004. 260pp. US$
55.00. ISBN: 0-8248-2763-5 (cloth); US$ 21.95. ISBN: 0-520-24402-8 (paper)
Li Jiulian was a senior high school student in Jiangxi Province. In 1969, her perplexity at high-level political infighting during the Cultural Revolution led to her imprisonment as an "active counterrevolutionary." If the cases of countless other people have gone undocumented, there is sufficient publicly available information on human rights in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and specifically on its prisons and prison camps, to justify the fear that many of Li's fellow inmates would have fared little better than she. In her case, there is a detailed account of the cruel treatment she suffered at the hands of guards, prison cadres and those higher up in the chain of command. Throughout her ordeal, she refused to confess to what she presumably did not think was a crime. Following the downfall of Lin Biao, she was eventually released from the camp in 1972, but her political "tail" as an ex-inmate made her a social outcast. She continued to speak her mind and fought her original sentence up to the national level, to no avail. Her refusal to show contrition landed her back in prison in 1975. She went on one of the longest known prison hunger strikes, even though these were known to elicit violent responses by the authorities. In 1977, Li was executed at a time when government policy stresses the need "to kill proven vicious criminals, to pacify the people's anger." She was quietly exonerated in 1979. Many years later, Hu Ping's perseverance in finding editors who dared publish his research finally publicized her case.
Hu Ping is among a good two dozen authors whose "prison writings" Philip Williams and Yenna Wu review in The Great Wall of Confinement: The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage . This book is many things in one. First, it is an analytical, state-of-the-field portrayal of a far-flung, "thriving concentration camp system" (2) maintained by a major world power that is unique in having taken such institutions into the twenty-first century. Second, Williams and Wu adopt a rewarding perspective by mining fiction and reportage for their portrayal of Chinese prison camps, complementing differently mediated research by scholars such as Harry Wu, and James Seymour and Richard Anderson, to name but three well-known authors publishing in English. Third, The Great Wall of Confinement is one of those books whose objectifying, academic approach never detracts from the certainty that they raise fundamental questions of morality.
Williams and Wu drive home the gravity of their subject matter in their first few pages, by validating the notion of concentration camps as applicable to prison camps in the PRC. They proceed to lay out the basics on the PRC system of "remolding through labor" (laodong gaizao, which has made its way into other languages than Chinese as laogai ), and "reeducation through labor" (laodong jiaoyang). While offering international comparisons on concentration camps and conscription societies, they point out that remolding through labor and reeducation through labor bear the imprint of traditional Chinese culture, as well as the Soviet-Stalinist example, with Maoist determination to control inmates' subjective experience of the world as a salient difference with Soviet prison camps. In comparison to Chinese precedents, whether ancient, late-imperial or early-Republican, the notion of "remolding" people becomes notably instrumental in nature in the Mao era. Previously, the verb gaizao 'remold' mostly took inanimates as its direct object. This could mean either that its scope was now extended to animates, which makes sense in the light of a Maoist vision of human beings as malleable material; or, that inmates had the status of inanimates—if it helps us remember, the alphabetic coincidence is worth it—and human beings were dehumanized; or, both.
Another early point that resurfaces throughout The Great Wall of Confinement is Williams and Wu's interrogation of Michel Foucault's work on the prison. Joining forces with earlier criticasters of Foucault, they take issue with him so thoroughly that it is almost surprising that their title alludes to his notion of the "great confinement." Crudely summarized, they hold that Foucault's "speculative and rhetorical" (53n86) theorizing generates totalizing visions of absolute uniformity in prison regimes, and leaves insufficient room for the complexity and the ambivalences of (Chinese) prison life on the ground. As for the literary-theoretical framework for their analysis of prison writings, Williams and Wu see prison writings not as simplistic reflections or mirrorings of reality, but stress that "both mimetic and symbolic representation remain key functions of most testimony and literature," and that the impossibility of duplicating or replacing reality does not make "prison camp narratives . . . mimetically insignificant, for intersubjective agreement among sources does lead to a degree of objectivity" (15).
The clarity and cogency of the introduction are borne out in the chapters that follow. Chapter 1, "The Cultural Foundations of China's Prison Camp System," notes that China has a history of institutionalized forced labor, by both civilian conscripts and prisoners, in times of war and peace alike. Also, ever since the Han dynasty, Chinese rulers have punished criminals by sending them into (internal) exile, and often limited their mobility to return long beyond the time of their sentence. This has happened to many ex-inmates of PRC prison camps since the 1950s who were forced to accept job placement in the vicinity of the camp (liuchang jiuye), although this particular component of the prison enterprise has been on the decrease in recent decades. Thus, there are "ancient cultural assumptions that forced labor and exile were normal parts of the state's criminal justice system." Moreover, this system has "strictly defined the individual's 'duty to obey authority,' but not the limits of that authority" (28-29). In the final years of the Qing dynasty, the legal code of 1910 outlawed the state's time-honored use of torture to induce confession and signaled a shift away from exile and penal labor. Williams and Wu submit that even if subsequent, Republican-era Guomindang legal practice was seriously flawed, it helped lay the groundwork for the democratic system that would emerge in Taiwan in the 1980s and 1990s.
By contrast, chapter 2, "The Development of the Chinese Communist Prison Camp," recounts how starting in the days of the Jiangxi Soviet, Mao Zedong cum suis rejected legal codes with any measure of independence from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). They replaced them with decrees and policy statements whose implementation often hinged on the rhetoric of vilification, specifically the designation as "counterrevolutionary" of political opponents—and often led back to the torture, exile and penal labor that the late-Qing code had attempted to abolish. Legal policies were adjusted to political needs, rather than the other way around. The combined ideological and pragmatic thrust of this strategy is reflected in what the authors identify as the dual mission of Communist prison camps. First, the camps were to guide (alleged) criminals to "make themselves anew," and later to "remold themselves." Second, they were to force them to engage in production, to defray government expenditures on prison maintenance. On the latter point, Williams and Wu hold that both laogaiapologists and its outspoken critics have tended to overestimate the economic significance of prison enterprises, citing Jean-Luc Domenach's observation that the PRC prison system was not organized along the lines of economic rationality, but originally "conceived for political objectives and on a military model" (42). In the early 1950s, perhaps 90% of a total number of four to six million inmates were political prisoners, as opposed to common criminals; in the 1990s, the relative numbers were the other way around, and the absolute number of camp inmates, although difficult to verify, was thought to be at two million. Once population growth is factored in, this would roughly mean proportionally four times fewer inmates than half a century earlier, and forty times fewer of them held for reasons to do with, say, sociopolitical ideology. Then again, something to the tune of two hundred thousand political prisoners is still a staggering figure.
Having sketched an overview of the prison camp system, Williams and Wu move on to what one might call the circumstances in the camps and the individual inmate's ordeal, in chapters 3 and 4 respectively. It is also in this part of the book that they start making frequent reference to a variety of prison writings to sustain the narrative. These texts range from more or less straightforward documentation and journalism to reportage and emphatically fictionalized accounts in novels and short stories. Williams and Wu are aware that all the texts they discuss have been "generated by a fallible human consciousness that necessarily filters reality during the processes of thought and representation" (14). They convincingly argue against letting such awareness discredit the referential function of prison writings altogether – and of other literatures of testimony, such as those on the Turkish government's 1915 genocide of the Armenian minority, and Holocaust literature.
Chapter 3, "The PRC Prison Camp (I): From Arrest to Forced Labor," first considers how arrest typically involves a show of force to overwhelm the arrestee—as visible on the book's cover—and subsequent secrecy vis-à-vis their surroundings (e.g., refusal to disclose the nature of the charges, the arrestee's location following removal from their homes and so on). Thus starts a depressing journey through circumstances in the camps, which range from the callous and humiliating to the inhuman and downright unlivable. Williams and Wu dwell on detention centers, where people can be held for renewable terms of up to three years each, without any legal procedure or idea about the foreseen length of their imprisonment. Their situation can be so unbearable that detainees consciously break the rules or commit crimes, in order to expedite their definitive sentencing and transport to a regular labor camp. Detention centers are also the place where the pressure to confess is perhaps the greatest, including intense violence and threats of imminent execution. Other topics in chapter 3 are the often counter-productive effect of protestations of innocence; socialization and forced labor in the prison camp, both leading the authors to lock horns with Foucault again; barracks life and sanitation; and vermin and disease. On the latter topic, Williams and Wu cite reports of camp cadres enlisting the aid of mosquitoes by stripping an inmate naked and leaving him tied to a tree in a marshy area, and intentionally exposing their victims to inmates who suffer from contagious diseases. This is how famous labor activist Han Dongfang contracted tuberculosis. Hunger and sexuality, finally, are two topics in this chapter that are likely better known to scholars and other readers of literature without a special interest in human rights issues or prison camps, since they are central to Zhang Xianliang's 1985 novelHalf of Man is Woman (Nanren de yiban shi nüren). Williams and Wu cite Zhang's 1995 laogai memoir My Bodhi Tree (Wode puti shu) as suggesting that food deprivation is the most efficient way for the state to force its citizens into submission to its authority.
Chapter 4, "The PRC Prison Camp (II): From Struggle Sessions to Release or Death," offers an account of the individual inmate's ordeal. It lists a series of horrors, some of which are relatively well known to general audiences outside China, through the work of international human rights organizations and activists. With abundant reference to prison writings, as in the previous chapter, Williams and Wu begin by portraying how inmates' sense of identity and their capacity for independent moral judgment erode, and how they experience a shrinkage of self that leads to crumbling defense mechanisms, feelings of inferiority and worthlessness, and potentially complete dehumanization. The authors also discuss the psychological warfare waged on individuals during tightly orchestrated "study" and "struggle sessions" demanding intense public contrition on the part of the "criminal," and aimed at ideological remolding, especially during the Mao era. In her memoirs, Song Shan recalls that, accused of being a counterrevolutionary and refusing to confess, "all seventy-six times she was subjected to a struggle session in front of thousands of people, the format of the event was exactly the same" (115). Chapter 4 inventories widespread, hair-raising torture methods, some with premodern precursors. It also probes the sinister correlation of the medical needs of high-powered and/or well-paying individuals outside the camps, on the one hand, and luxurious death row diets, medically overseen execution procedures and organ harvesting, on the other.
Two typical Williams and Wu subsections are those on the isolation cell and on prison argot. The authors' meticulous coverage of their primary and secondary material is manifest in the levelheaded observation that to some of the prison writers whose work they have studied, for all the cruelty of the isolation cell and its abuses, the pressures of "normal" interrogation and torture and of overcrowded barracks featuring cadre violence by proxy through "activist" prisoners, have made the isolation cell feel like a place of refuge. As for prison argot, Williams and Wu's discussion highlights their ambition to lay out the various dimensions of prison camp life, including subcultures such as that apparent in lexical items that constitute a distinct prison lingo, ranging from the grim and tired to the ironic and the humorous. Here, again, they question "[Martin King] Whyte's almost Foucauldian claim of PRC prisoners' total dominance by the official prison culture" (118).
If in chapters 3 and 4, Williams and Wu make extensive reference to fiction and reportage, these texts play an ancillary role, as a particular perspective on the PRC prison camps whose cultural foundations and history are reviewed in chapters 1 and 2. This is visible in the subtitle of their project: The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage—not, for instance, Contemporary Chinese Fiction and Reportage on Prison Camps. In chapter 5, "Prison Writings," however, the (literary) texts take center stage, with key sections on the categorization of prison writings, on ex-inmates motivations for writing, and on structural features of "prison wall fiction." The great majority of PRC prison camp writings have appeared in the post-Mao period, starting with a 1979 short story by Cong Weixi that counts as a literary-historical milestone. Prior to that time, censorship and well-known sanctions for those who questioned the legitimacy of the CCP's dictatorship ensured that injustice and cruelty as products or indeed endemic traits of prisons and prison camps were off limits in public discourse. While the publication of prison writings is thus a fairly recent phenomenon, many are memoirs that go back to the early decades of the PRC.
Williams and Wu divide prison writings employed in The Great Wall of Confinement into four categories, with fictionality and personal experience of imprisonment as their criteria:
PRISON WRITINGS
non-fictional
author has personal experience of imprisonment
e.g. Wei Jingsheng, Wei Jingsheng's Prison Letters (Wei Jingsheng yuzhong shuxin ji)
e.g. Cong Weixi, "Reddish Magnolia Blossoms beneath the Prison Wall" (Daqiang xia de hong yulan)
author has no such experience, or focuses on the experience of others
e.g. Wang Anyi and Zong Fuxian, "Six Days on Maple Ridge: A Record of Interviews at the Baimaoling Reeducation-through-Labor Brigades for Women" (Fengshuling liu ri—Baimaoling nü laojiaodui caifang jishi)
e.g. Bei Dao, "The Homecoming Stranger" (Guilai de mosheng ren)
Chapter 5 functions as a reference text for the above matrix, in that for each category, it recapitulates which authors have featured in Williams and Wu's research. The authors explain that to them, categories one and three carry special weight:
[S]ome of [the authors] spent as long as two decades in the camps . . . While exceptions exist, the first type, non-fiction, is perhaps the most authentic and authoritative in its firsthand description of prison camp regimens and subcultures. Fiction by former prisoners presents a simulation of prison camp life that encourages readers to imagine how they themselves might react to the quandaries the various protagonists face. Though based to some extent on the authors' personal experiences and other related events in prison camps, their shaping of the subject matter to fit literary conventions and achieve literary effects can dilute the testimonial or historical value of the work. (157)
First, there is no reason why non -fiction by former prisoners could not equally stimulate, or shock, the reader into empathy. One need only think of Harry Wu's Bitter Winds: A Memoir of My Years in China's Gulag (1994, with Carolyn Wakeman), or of Wei Jingsheng's The Courage to Stand Alone (1997, edited and translated by Kristina Torgeson, with essays by Andrew Nathan, Liu Qing, and Sophia Woodman). Second, the historical "reliability" of either fiction or non-fiction—and, in the bigger picture, of memory and representation, especially for texts that are traumatic in one way or another—is more complicated than the above passage suggests. Williams and Wu's awareness of the fallibility of human consciousness and their convincing appeal to intersubjectivity, cited earlier, do not change that. Third, their categorization raises perennial questions about the boundaries of the text. Where do we draw them? Is the author inside them, or outside? What, if anything, do we need, or want, or hate to know about the author's life when we assess their writings? In all, however, within the overall set-up of their book—that is, with (literary) texts in the said ancillary role—the authors' privileging of types one and three is understandable.
Throughout the book, the notion of "prison wall literature" occurs several times (84-85, 155-156, 173). The original is daqiang wenxue, also rendered by Williams and Wu as "'towering wall literature' set amidst the imposing walls and guard towers of the prison camps" (Jeffrey Kinkley translates daqiang literally, as "big wall ," with reference to the American expression "the big house," in his Chinese Justice, the Fiction: Law and Literature in Modern China [2000]). It is, however, not clear whether—according to domestic convention in the PRC, or to Williams and Wu's interpretation—"prison wall literature" is roughly synonymous with the variegated "prison writings" discussed in their book, or whether it only applies to type three, above. When they explain their categorization (156), Williams and Wu's analogy with "wound literature" (shanghen wenxue, aka "scar literature" and "literature of the wounded," addressing the terror of the Cultural Revolution), suggests that "prison wall literature" should only apply to type three, that is
fiction by former prison inmates. While necessarily imaginative . . . it is often semi-autobiographical or semibiographical in nature, depending on whether the author draws more on personal experience or the recounted recollections of fellow inmates in creating a given literary narrative. (156)
Setting fictionality as a condition for (prison-wall) literary status is a contestable theoretical position, especially in Chinese cultural contexts, both traditional and modern. Note, for instance, the traditional regard for historical authenticity in "high" and hence inherently non-fictional literature—even if this involves notions of history and fictionality that are anything but straightforward—and the modern, non-fictional texts designated as "reportage literature " (baogao wenxue) and "documentary literature " (jishi wenxue). If on top of the fictionality of their writings the author must have had personal experience of imprisonment in order for their work to count as (prison wall) literature, that would seem to be an unnecessary limitation of the term's scope. Then again, a prominent feature of the said Chinese cultural contexts is the emphatic presence of the author's biography, or, more precisely, the widely assumed justification of biographical readings. But before complicating the matter any further, we should note that, later on in chapter 5 (173ff), "prison wall fiction" appears to be a subset of a "prison wall literature" that might encompass all four text types after all—which would be a sensible use of the terminology. In all, this confusion does not substantially affect Williams and Wu's analysis, and the inclusive and exclusive positions are both in themselves defensible. This, however, would have required clarification of the authors' definition of literature.
Williams and Wu cite the following as central among ex-inmates' motivations for writing:
[….their feeling of being] duty-bound to preserve the memory and succor the relatives of those wronged inmates who died or otherwise disappeared in the camps . . . [the wish] to shed light on the shadowy laogai system, [which is] considerably more poorly understood internationally than either the former Soviet gulag or Hitler's concentration camps . . . [the wish] to illustrate how educated and law-abiding citizens could easily become snagged and engulfed in the PRC regime's prison machinery . . . [the wish] to reveal their understanding of what lay below the idealistic veneer of platitudes about remolding and 'study' sessions—especially the arbitrariness, callousness and deception that were built into the camp system. (159)
The discussion of ex-inmates' motivations for writing naturally extends to their thematics: moral issues, sociopolitical and ethical aspects of confinement (rather than the possible religious significance of their suffering), moral issues, the imperative of bearing witness to injustice; the disintegration of families and social networks, physical and mental atrocities experienced in the camps, and so on.
Williams and Wu highlight structural features of prison wall fiction in case studies of Cong Weixi and Zhang Xianliang, the two most prominent authors of texts that belong to type three, above, which also features Liu Binyan, equally famous for his non-fictional writings. They dwell in considerable detail on mechanisms of interweaving and alternation in such fiction of present and past, and of result or current state (present) and cause (past). This begs the question whether this is really a distinguishing feature of Chinese prison wall fiction—or, the other way around, whether this particular set of texts is perhaps fruitfully viewed as part of a larger body of non-linear narratives past and present, from China and elsewhere: testimonial, traumatic, documentary, imaginative or otherwise. Judging by their command of texts of varying cultural and linguistic provenance, and by the way they mobilize them for contextualization, Williams and Wu's reflections on Chinese prison wall fiction must doubtless count as a contribution to an internationally oriented discourse that transcends the scope of either Chineseness or fiction.
In their conclusion, Williams and Wu question a one-sided, domestic discourse of Chinese victimization at the hands of foreign powers, and remind the reader that—as is true for most nations—many of modern China's worst scourges have been largely self-inflicted. It remains complicated, of course, to determine what sort of "self" is the inflictor. At any rate, the authors are less than optimistic about political change—democratization, the rule of law—as an inevitable consequence of economic and social change in recent decades, and observe that while certain aspects of the PRC prison (camp) system may have improved, the current situation is still cause for the gravest concern, hardly allayed by de-ideologization in the Deng-Jiang era. They note "the yawning gap between the high-sounding theory of labor camp manuals for cadres and the actual treatment of PRC prisoners," and rightly claim that their "critical use of prison memoirs and fiction set in labor camps brings a human face back into discussions that have sometimes gotten bogged down in dry statistics and uncritically received bureaucratic formulations" (193). Crucially, while they do not eschew the occasional cultural generalization in the main text of their book, the conclusion steers clear of any cultural essentialism or unilateral West-to-East moralizing. Williams and Wu hold that "a PRC government sincerely bent on preventing future miscarriages of justice would discard the obscurantist myth of 'Asian values' and incorporate a great many of the procedural safeguards and principles of judicial independence that already exist in neighboring powers ranging from New Delhi to Tokyo" (195).
The Great Wall of Confinement is a thoroughly researched, analytically forceful work of clear structure and style. It is suitable for an audience ranging from undergraduate students to senior researchers of various disciplinary orientations, in Chinese Studies and elsewhere (history, political science, sociology, literature). It combines the strengths of regional expertise and multidisciplinary theory, with the depth of local analysis matched by the breadth of global contextualization. In the study of Chinese literature, it has interfaces with scholarship on politics and literature, dissent and literature, violence and literature, reportage and more. A kindred work that immediately comes to mind is Jeffrey Kinkley's aforesaid monograph. Differences with The Great Wall of Confinement include the fascinating fact that Kinkley's subject matter—crime / law / justice and literature, with much attention to post-Mao "legal system literature" (fazhi wenxue) or 'crime fiction'—highlights how the police have been actively involved in the production and promotion of crime fiction in the contemporary PRC. (By analogy, one might wonder whether this also holds for PRC prison authorities, but it appears that they are not involved in the production and promotion of prison writings.) More fundamentally, in the case of law and literature, there is much more of what Kinkley calls "interpenetration" (159) of the twain than for prison camps and writing. Accordingly, Kinkley's book is about law and about literature throughout, and as such more balanced than Williams and Wu's. Indeed, as the authors themselves note in the introduction, chapters 1-4 ofThe Great Wall of Confinement , on the one hand, and chapter 5, on the other, are very different things. The realization of the book's multi-disciplinary ambitions is thus somewhat unbalanced, but still represents added value.
If literature primarily features in a documentary role, even in the most literary chapter, this does not detract from the significance of The Great Wall of Confinement , to specialists of literature as well as to other readers. A perceived lack of tangible social "relevance" is never something to hold against a literary text deserving of that epithet by virtue of its aesthetics (and, to be sure, relevance and aesthetic achievement are not mutually exclusive). Yet, conversely, the referential function of the subject matter of this book—to a reality that is so painfully relevant as to bear no inverted commas—quite simply adds to its importance. As such, in conjunction with its primary aim of shedding light on the Chinese prison camp system, The Great Wall of Confinement is a vindication of the documentary value of literature, as one of the powers of writing.
Maghiel van Crevel
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This is a lovely 3 bedroom home right in the heart of Garden Bay. Meticulously maintained with so much attention to detail inside and out. Open floor plan with a kitchen and living room that spill out onto a very private deck perfect for entertaining. A very private setting with beautiful southerly views into Pender Harbour. The gardens are irrigated and easy to maintain. Close to the local Pub, trails, many lakes and the ocean. Call for an information package today.


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Eversource gives up on Northern Pass hydropower project
AP Photo,FILE - In this Sept. 27, 2014 file photo, Brad and Sue Wyman paddle their 1930's Old Town Guide canoe along the Androscoggin River as leaves display their fall colors north of the White Mountains in Dummer, N.H. The New Hampshire Supreme Court on Friday, July 19, 2019 upheld a state committee's rejection of a proposal to bring a hydropower transmission line from Canada to markets in southern New England, possibly dealing a fatal blow to a plan that has raised concerns among communities and environmentalists that it would harm the region's tourism industry and hurt property values. (AP Photo/Jim Cole, File)
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — After nearly a decade of protests, hearings and court fights, the Northern Pass hydropower project that promised to bring hydropower from Canada to southern New England is dead.
The company behind the plan, Eversource, announced Thursday it was abandoning the project after suffering a defeat in the New Hampshire Supreme Court.
"It is clear there is no path forward," Eversource spokesman William Hinkle said in a statement. "The need for new sources of abundant, low-cost renewable energy in New England remains urgent, and we will continue working toward new, innovative solutions that lower costs for our customers, improve reliability and advance clean energy."
Though expected, the announcement by Eversource was a significant setback for a company, which has repeatedly promised that Northern Pass would be built by 2020.
Despite framing the project as a win for the environment and economy, Eversource was never able to overcome opposition from a determined collection of town officials, environmentalists and residents who opposed the project. Often clad in orange in the numerous public hearings, opponents argued that the project would damage the state's tourism economy and destroy rural communities.
"It's good that Eversource is finally accepting the reality that Northern Pass is dead," Jack Savage, a spokesman for The Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests. "It's a relief to the many thousands of landowners and residents who have opposed this project for almost nine years."
Eversource's proposal called for building a 192-mile (310-kilometer) transmission line across New Hampshire to supply power to almost a million homes in southern New England. It argued that the $1.6 billion project would bring clean energy to the region and help the economy. It spent $318 million on the project, according to a filing with the Security and Exchange Commission and will write off $200 million after taxes.
The company initially had the support of Republican Gov. Chris Sununu, received a series of federal approvals and was chosen to provide much-needed clean energy to Massachusetts.
But members of the Site Evaluation Committee, which would cast the critical vote, questioned the project's promised benefits and worried about the impact it would have on rural communities. They unanimously defeated the project last year amid concerns that towering transmission lines would hurt property values, tarnish scenic views and scare off tourists that come for the fall colors. Many opponents also worried that months of construction would disrupt businesses and cause traffic delays.
The company responded to the rejection by saying it would spend hundreds of millions of dollars to compensate property owners, fund energy efficiency programs and help low income residents in a last-ditch effort to salvage the project.
But the committee denied the appeal, and the court affirmed the committee's ruling. That prompted Sununu, one of the most prominent backers of the project, to pull his support.
The project's defeat prompted Massachusetts to shift to a similar one that would bring Canadian hydropower through transmission lines in Maine. The $1 billion New England Clean Energy Connect has won the support of Maine Gov. Janet Mills. The Maine Public Utilities Commission also gave its approval, but several other agencies must sign off on the project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Andrew Alderson, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Kim Alderson, The Open University, UK
Daphne Attard, University of Malta, Malta
Sergey Dmitriev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Miroslaw Dudek, University of Zielona Gora, Poland
Arcady Dyskin, The University of Western Australia, Australia
Kenneth E. Evans, University of Exeter, UK
Douglas S. Galvao, State University of Campinas, Brazil
Ruben Gatt, University of Malta, Malta (Co-Chairman)
Andrew Goodwin, University of Oxford, UK
Anselm C. Griffin, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Joseph N. Grima , University of Malta, Malta (Co-Chairman)
Simon Guest, University of Cambridge, UK
William G. Hoover, USA
David Hui, University of New Orleans, USA
Sung Youb Kim, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
Dennis M. Kochmann, California Institute of Technology, USA
Graeme Milton, University of Utah, USA
Teik-C. Lim, SIM University, Singapore
Bojan Marinkovic, PUC, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
Elena Pasternak, The University of Western Australia, Australia
Massimo Ruzzene, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Jarosław Rybicki, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Christopher Smith, University of Exeter, UK
Yun-Che Wang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Martin Wegener, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Mary Anne White, Dalhousie University, Canada
Krzysztof W. Wojciechowski, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poland (Co-Chairman)
The Mechanical Metamaterials Society


Scott Painter is the essence of the 21st century entrepreneur. Having started several dot-coms since his days at Berkley, he turned his sights to the auto industry with TrueCar.com, an attempt to educate the automotive consumer with data and pricing. And that's where all the trouble began. On Autoline This Week, John McElroy welcomes Scott Painter to the studio to talk about how TrueCar is attempting to change the auto buying customer experience. John's panel of industry experts includes Steve ... See More Finlay from WardsAuto.com and Joe White from the Wall Street Journal.


The day after Lilla's chance meeting with the Russian Butcher, we ventured downtown San Francisco to do a little Christmas shopping. After a few hours of browsing, we decided it was time L made acquaintances with Santa. To our surprise, there was only a 5-minute line. We took that as a sign and ventured onward.
Lilla was in the best mood. Pointing at all of the Christmas trees and ornaments, spouting "Utz dat? Utz dat?" And then we were on deck. The 10-month old kid in front of us was gingerly placed in Santa's lap when he full-on lost it. Wailing at the top of his lungs. This piqued Lilla's interest. She glanced at him and Santa. I told her it was okay. And she seemed to buy it.
She smiled, and waved "hi" in her high-pitched voice. At that moment I thought to myself, 'sweet, this is going to be a breeze. She's going to be one of those kids that LOVES Santa. We're gonna have the best and cutest Santa pics ever.' And then we were up.
I walked slowly with L in my arms toward Santa. Her go-with-the-flowness suddenly took a turn for the worst. She started putting two and two together as I set her down on Santa's lap. Her eyes widened as her little toddler fingers clung to me with a vulcan-like grip. And then I backed away.
What followed was silence (because she couldn't catch her breath). Quickly followed by shrieking. And then screaming. And like the caring parents we are, Jon and I watched and laughed. Yep, that's right, we laughed. Because it was effing hilarious.


The most eternal form of any relationship is relation between Sister and the brother, keeping this in mind British Victoria School celebrated Rakshabandhan at School. A rakhi making competition was organized in School. Students from all classes participated in the celebration and made colourful rakhis which got appreciation of teachers.


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CONTACT / LINKS
BOOK SERIES / SHOP
Poster to Poster Education
Poster to Poster – Press
We are available to share our knowledge and expertise in the form of presentations and talks. The author Richard Furness has previously made presentations to Art Societies, local Probus clubs, specialist groups (such as RCTS or Wings and Wheels, Gloucestershire) as well as Art Departments in schools and Universities.
There is no doubt that railway posters are an integral part of this country's social and rail development in the 20th century, but the full impact of this media on our society is only now becoming clearer. Researching this has allowed the author to gain a definitive database for railway posters and a better understanding of their impact on art and travel.
Case studies and examples of our presentations and talks: We visited the Tewkesbury Art Society and provided an hour-long presentation followed by setting the society a challenge. We commissioned the Society to produce a poster for Tewkesbury as the railway companies had never produced one. We asked them to produce a poster for the town which could be used in future for promotional purposes. We had already been in touch with the Town Clerk and the local Media were keen to be involved. The competition produced 18 entries, or a very good standard, and we handed out prizes for the top three works of art, shown below.
Alex's picture was a watercolour, Penny's picture a mixed media and Gwen's an oil, so we had three very different interpretations of this historic town.
It is still amazing to us that the railways did not promote a town such as Tewkesbury, but then again, there were almost no posters for Manchester, Sheffield, Bradford, Leeds, Newcastle, Nottingham, Leicester and Birmingham combined. We are therefore looking at other places where no posters were produced during the main advertising era to see if we can promote the use of art again for tourism purposes. We have no doubt that our railway stations are poorer for not having good advertising posters to adorn their walls.
We were invited to speak at the 75th Anniversary Dinner of the North Eastern Branch of the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society in Newcastle. The two pictures below show some of the audience arriving for the after-dinner presentation on Railway Posters of Britain, where examples of poster development were presented and discussed.
For the launch of the second volume (Yorkshire and the North East), we were invited to make a presentation on Posters of the North East at Hexham Abbey in Northumberland, in and around the Gloucestershire area, several societies had asked us to speak on various aspects of art and travel.
We have undertaken a number of book signings all over the country. Three have taken place at the National Railway Museum in York (www.nrm.org.uk). Below are two pictures taken by NRM Staff during the signing: the Curator kindly allowed us to display the Oxford poster by Alan Carr Linford from the National Collection, which we used for the cover of Volume 3.
We have also been keen supported of the Portishead Railway Group in their efforts to re-open the branch line from Bristol Temple Meads to Portishead. Their website (www.portisheadrailwaygroup.org.uk) gives details of huge advances made on this project over the past few years. The line closed in September 1964, but looking at the number of people commuting every day into Bristol, clogging roads and increasing emissions, it makes perfect sense to reinstate the station and track, to reduce commuting time from an average of an hour to just 17 minutes. Within the overall project, we floated the idea for new railway posters, having the local school children design these for inclusion on the station, whenever that may be built. Portishead never had posters in British Railways days, so this is an opportunity to reintroduce artwork and to re-educate commuters to change their travel habits. Many other local businesses are involved and momentum is growing by the week. North Somerset Council is a strong supporter, and the lobbying is now at Government level to ensure this very worthwhile 'Big Society' project goes ahead. The use of art and education is a key element to ensure Portishead again has a viable rail link to the national network.
We are more than happy to use our latest information for the advancement of knowledge in any way, and any interested parties may contact us in this regard via this website.
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text:
This Mind-Blowing Pie Art Is Delicious Eye Candy
By Vanessa Greaves
Sorry, cupcake. Move over, cookie. Go home, macaron. There's a new eye-candy in town and its name is pie.
Pie, Oh My
Lauren Ko of Seattle, Washington is the mad genius behind Instagram's @lokokitchen which, thanks to her inspired eye for pie, blew up to nearly 100k followers after just a handful of posts. Because they're that stunning. Combining form, flavor, color, and texture, Lauren elevates pie from homey dessert to high art.
You Dough, Girl!
But just in case you think this is all too precious for words, Lauren posts a giddy dash of puns with her pies.
Life of Pie
You wouldn't know it judging by her pies, but Lauren does not have a professional background in culinary or fine arts, nor does she bake for a living. That's right. Lauren has a day job, and turning out gorgeous pies is what she does for fun. She tells Allrecipes, "I come from a family of phenomenal eaters so I feel like I've been cooking and baking all sorts of things--savory foods, cookies, muffins, flan, etc.--my whole life."
As for her artistic influences, Lauren says, "I've always been creatively-inclined. I'm driven by color and inspired by geometric patterns and textiles. I Pinterest a lot of images of architecture, textiles, and geometric patterns that I think I can replicate with dough or fruit and go from there. For example, the chai masala pumpkin pie on my feed was inspired by a wicker purse that I thought was really interesting!"
Zen and the Art of Pie
You might wonder if executing all the fine details in her pies is crazy-making, but it's quite the opposite for Lauren. "I've always been detail-oriented, so making these intricate designs is quite soothing for me," she says. "I really got into these precisely constructed pies as a way to de-stress from work, so yes, I totally think the process of cooking can be therapeutic."
So, how can we home cooks ever hope to achieve this level of pie-fection? Lauren offers these words of wisdom: "I, too, am a home cook and have only been baking pies for a little over a year, so I am, by no means, an expert. I get a lot of 'troubleshoot my pie!' questions but I'm still learning myself and feel hesitant to give advice. On a basic level though, for pies, I have found that keeping the dough cold is key and handling the dough as minimally as possible goes a long way. I roll out the dough, quickly slice it up, and place it on the pie with as little touching as possible. That's basically my process."
I couldn't resist asking Lauren if she's ever had a pie fail. She says, "As for design fails...haha! I usually have some nebulous idea in my head for design and then just improvise as I go along, depending on how well the dough or fruit cooperate with my vision. My final products are generally happy accidents, so going with the flow curbs a lot of 'failures.'"
Please Pass the Pie
If you're wondering (and I know you are) who gets to feast on these gorgeous pies, Lauren says, "I foist my pies on friends and family, and also bring a lot of scraps into work. I've learned that if you put anything in the staff kitchen, it will disappear, and I use this to my advantage. So if you're ever in Capitol Hill..."
(Brb...I gotta Uber to Cap Hill.)


I pretty much only play witch doctor and I find it a let down that the four player meta has been so cookie cutter for sooooooo long. Anyone else wish we could get some WD love. And four those who say anything I am talking about when you see in general chat for pushing higher key its always Zmonk, Zbarb, Some Necro, and of course without fail and Demon hunter.
My only advice is for you to broaden your classes. Play something else. Freshen it up. WD has been my main too, but I've explored every class and nearly every build.
Or, find friends who will take a Witch Doctor. I have been invited to clan groups as the trash killer (over a Wizard).
Better yet, do both of these suggestions. Do not become a one trick pony. I was once a "WD or nothing," until my clan was upset at the lack of diversity they had. So I made a zBarb and actually loved it. I eventually created RG killers (DH, Necro, WD at one point, and even a Sader build not too long ago).
Think your missing the point. Me playing any of the classes you mentioned would just be me accepting the current meta. This season I have a sader, WD, Barb and a Necro. My whole point is why not shake up the Meta that has been basically the same for what 8 seasons now?
The real reason is. Server lag.
Wiz doing gr120+ is so easy no lag.
We did some 120's with a jade WD this season and it was actually pretty chill. With all the DPS buffs going around these days, people need to lightening up on "cookie cutter meta" unless you're doing over 125, and even then there is some leadway (DH versus necro, all the wizard star pact variants).


text:
Robot Apocalypse Inches Closer as Machines Learn To Install Solar Panels
Not contented with the prospects of a mechano-libertarian post-apocalyptic wasteland, scientists are working on robots that can harness energy
Colin Schultz
Sean Douglas
Robots can run, they can fly, they can swim, and they can feed on the corpses of plant and animal alike. Clever (evil?) engineers have been designing ways for robots to power themselves, independent of us pesky flesh-bags, for years. But so far, each of these self-fueling automatons has had to go it alone.
Not contented with the prospects of a mechano-libertarian post-singularity (apocalypse?) utopia (wasteland?), scientists are working on robots that can harness energy on a massive scale, says Kevin Bullis at Technology Review.
Companies such as PV Kraftwerker and Gehrlicher in Germany are developing mobile robots that can automatically install ground-mounted solar panels day and night, in all sorts of weather. PV Kraftwerker's robot is designed to assemble power-plant-grade solar panels, which are four times the size of the ones you'd see on a home.
For now the robots still need human assistants to install the solar panel frames and carry out the last few steps (like screwing in the installed panels and plugging in wires). "Yet," says Bullis, "robotic installation may become more common as other components get adapted to automation. PV Kraftwerker and other companies are also developing robots that, guided by GPS, can pound poles into the ground and then mount panels on them, eliminating the need for workers to install frames."
At least our impending robot overlords will keep a low carbon footprint.
More from Smithsonian.com:
New Robot Eliminates Only Jobs Left – In the Service Sector
Colin Schultz | | READ MORE
Colin Schultz is a freelance science writer and editor based in Toronto, Canada. He blogs for Smart News and contributes to the American Geophysical Union. He has a B.Sc. in physical science and philosophy, and a M.A. in journalism.


text:
package io.joynr.messaging.routing;

import joynr.system.RoutingTypes.Address;

public class DummyRoutingTable implements RoutingTable {
    @Override
    public Address get(String participantId) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Address get(String participantId, String gbid) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setGcdParticipantId(final String gcdParticipantId) {
    }

    @Override
    public boolean put(String participantId,
                       Address address,
                       boolean isGloballyVisible,
                       long expiryDateMs,
                       boolean isSticky) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean put(String participantId, Address address, boolean isGloballyVisible, long expiryDateMs) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsKey(String participantId) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean getIsGloballyVisible(String participantId) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public long getExpiryDateMs(String participantId) {
        return Long.MAX_VALUE;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean getIsSticky(String participantId) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(String participantId) {
    }

    @Override
    public void apply(AddressOperation addressOperation) {
    }

    @Override
    public void purge() {
    }

    @Override
    public void incrementReferenceCount(String participantId) {
    }

}


Immaculate Lake Wisconsin-Paradise Island Condo! This Spacious 1600+/- sqft 2 bedroom 2 full bath main level unit boasts relaxing setting, no-step private entrance that features an open kitchen, 2 car attached garage, 6 panel doors, Master suite w/walk-in closet & access to the huge maintenance free deck, w/natural gas grill hookup. LL has a min. of 1,200+/- sq ft of fantastic exposed, walk out space that can easily turn this beauty into a 3, or even 4 Bedroom home, w/additional family room! Lake Access w/boat slip rental available. Enjoy the Okee area with walking paths & parks!
Accuracy of information for W11549 Island View Ct, provided by seller, listing broker, and other third parties, is not guaranteed and should be verified by buyer if material.


BEN MORRISH claimed victory in Saturday night's tough Bere Pen 10k.
The race, which sees competitors run from Bere Alston down to the River Tamar and back, took place in warm and humid conditions.
Team H's Morrish took the lead at the start and managed to maintain it to finish the run in 37 minutes and 47 seconds.
Second place went to Plymouth Harriers' David Beckenkrager, who clocked 38.06.
Ben Austin was third in 38.22, with Plymouth Harriers' Steve Hill not far behind in 38.28 for fourth.
Plymstock veteran Graham Bale was pushing hard but had a problem in the closing stages.
The women's race was extremely competitive, with the top three all finishing within the top 14 overall.
Tavistock Run Project's Sam Lake was first women home in 43.24 minutes, with Tavistock's 2008 Olympic modern pentathlon silver medallist Heather Fell taking second in 44:33.
Third women home was Erme Valley Harriers' Emma Lake, who clocked 44.59 for the tricky down and up course.
The annual event is always popular and 232 runners finished Saturday's race.


Charmant Faience Turquoise Salle De Bain #4 - Fa239enc233 Violette was posted in March 23, 2018 at 7:57 pm. If you want to use this photo as your PC wallpaper, you may click the download link at the bottom or you may just right click on the image at the top and choose "Save Image As" to download the Charmant Faience Turquoise Salle De Bain #4 - Fa239enc233 Violette or by choose the "Set Desktop Background As" options if your browser has that capability. If you were no able to pick up the the most wonderful photo you are awaiting for, you shall go for "Search Column" at top right or browse more picture wallpapers whatever you wish. This image has the photo size is 71kB and the resolution of 600x600. Charmant Faience Turquoise Salle De Bain #4 - Fa239enc233 Violette has been seen by 54 viewers and it is a photo from Faience Turquoise Salle De Bain.


Running a successful business is challenging enough in a tough economic environment but without a plan, it's like flying with a blind fold on. Forward planning is critical to both business survival and success.
Happy first birthday to the Personal Properties Securities Register (PPSR) which celebrated its first year of operations on 30 January.
At first glance, and often when they are initially established, employee share schemes do not look particularly appealing. In fact they may look downright ugly!
Remember how the flight attendant at the beginning of a flight shows you the exit path to use if an emergency occurs? Just as we need to be prepared for the worst as passengers, small business owners also need to know what their "exit paths" are.
Business development generally mirrors the human life cycle; moving from start up through growth to maturity and then renewal or exit.
In recent times, instances of fraud are at unprecedented levels. The reasons for this increase aren't entirely clear, although a tough economic climate may be contributing. The important thing is that the management and Boards of all businesses have structures in place for fraud prevention and detection.
Succession planning remains as a significant issue for family business owners in Australia, with a range of economic and business factors placing increased emphasis on proper planning.
The outlook for the domestic economy is mixed, with its performance likely to be led by events on global markets for the remainder of 2015.


text:
FBI Searches Congressman's Home
New Mexico Asks National Guard to Fill in for Teachers
Marine, 19, Charged in Camp Lejeune Crash That Killed 2
Voting Rights Bill Collapses
Biden Predicts an Invasion That Putin Will Regret
Supreme Court Won't Keep Trump Records From House
16-Year-Old Sentenced in Slaying of Tessa Majors
Florida Moves Along Bill to Head Off White Guilt
Cops: Track Coach Tried to Transmit HIV to Students
He's accused of sexually abusing 42 kids
By Rob Quinn, Newser Staff
Posted Oct 25, 2017 3:59 AM CDT
This undated photo provided by the Charles County Sheriff's Department shows Carlos Deangelo Bell. (Charles County Sheriff's Department via AP)
(Newser) – The number of victims believed to have been abused by a track coach and school aide in Maryland has almost doubled: A 206-count indictment made public this week accuses 30-year-old Carlos Deangelo Bell of abusing 42 boys between May 2015 and June 2017, Fox News reports. In July, he was arrested and accused of abusing 24 boys. The State's Attorney for Charles County says Bell is accused of abusing boys between the ages of 11 and 17 at Benjamin Stoddert Middle School, his home, and other locations. Bell is HIV-positive, and five counts in the new indictment accuse him of trying to transmit the virus to his victims, People reports. None of them have tested positive, authorities say, though 14 of the 42 have yet to be identified.
Bell, who allegedly forced the boys to perform sex acts on him and recorded the abuse on video, was investigated and removed from his job late last year after a parent found inappropriate messages from him on her son's phone. The indictment includes 22 counts of sexual abuse of a minor, 19 counts of second-degree sex offenses, seven counts of third-degree sex offenses, 97 counts of child pornography, and other offenses. CNN reports that Bell, who could face life in prison if convicted on some of the charges, is being held without bond and is expected to go to trial in January. (Read more child sex abuse stories.)


Kit Material: FRPProduct Type: Rear BumperStyle: BuddyWeight: 15 lbExtreme Dimensions has revolutionized the fiberglass market with our premium Duraflex aerodynamics. Duraflex combines fiberglass, plastic, and flex resins to obtain its unique features. Because of these features, Duraflex technology obtains a much higher durability rate than the average fiberglass product, resulting in reduced shipping damages up to 75%. This revolutionary product allows the consumer to receive a premium fiberglass product at an affordable price.
The Pro Spec series was based on the same racing technologies as the Racing Spec III, but for US marketed vehicles. Constructed out of lightweight SUS-304, the Prospec systems are one of the lightest cat back exhaust systems available on the US market today. It offers additional exhaust efficiency output and produces a fierce tone that makes the Prospec Systems the number one choice amongst motorsport enthusiasts.
TYPE SPORTS Buddy Club Type Sport brake pads offer strong braking power compared with stock brake pads with low braking noise and less brake dust compared to race compound brake pads. Type Sports provide added performance in city driving, high speed driving (such as on the highway),and winding mountain road braking. They are a cost effective and well rounded performance brake pad for budget minded weekend club racers. Specs: * Can handle rotor temperatures up to 752 degrees Fahrenheit. * Lower noise and brake dust levels than other comparable pads. * Specialized compound helps prolong rotor life.
H-Beam Connecting Rods + Bolts For 92-01 HONDA H22 DOHC Prelude 2.2L , 4 pcs , 5.630"
Want more Honda Prelude Buddy similar ideas? Try to explore these searches: Century Plank, Asics Gel Kayano Womens, and Beloved Lp.


The patient, a 52 year old man and a smoker went to his PCP for complaints of right shoulder pain that has been going on for the past three months, he has been consuming Ibuprofen without significant improvement. He was found to have severe hypokalemia (K of 1.9) and subsequently sent to the hospital. His shoulder pain was not associated with muscular weakness, however he did complain of some numbness and tingling in the right arm.
His work up included 1-Hypokalemia and 2-Shoulder pain. The fact that he was a smoker for the past twenty years, and the absence of a significant trauma or overuse history to explain the shoulder pain lead to the idea of having a common culprit that would explain his hypokalemia and shoulder pain putting together all the pieces of his history, the though process was to rule out a lung cancer that can cause hypokalemia via paraneoplastic syndrome and shoulder pain via tumor invasion of the surrounding structures.
A chest X-Ray showed a left upper lobe mass, and a subsequent CT chest showed a 7 cm left upper lobe mass, a 2 cm right upper lobe mass and a 7 cm paraspinal mass extending into the thoracic spinal canal prompting neurosugery to start him on dexamethasone and eventually he received laminectomy and resection of part of the paraspinal mass. The biopsy eventually showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with clear cell features.
Back to the tumor, usually small cell lung cancer can produce ectopic ACTH. SCLC usually shows densly packed small tumor cells with scant cytoplasm (picture on the right). Our patient had clear cells on pathology which points towards other types (SCC, AC, NSCLC).
Further workup for underlying causes of type 2 RTA in this patient included SPEP to evaluate for light chains, which didn't show spikes, and exclusion of other medications that can cause this disorder (Ifosfamide, Tenofovir, tacrolimus, cyclosporine) as well as vitamin D deficiency and further auto-immune syndromes.
So who could the culprit be? Some digging up in the literature yielded some case reports by Ng et al. and Dang et al. describing cases of type 2 RTA associated with Ibuprofen excessive ingestion, keep in mind that Ibuprofen usually gives a picture of type 1 RTA (hypokalemia and positive UAG) or type 4 RTA (hyperkalemia) .
Fun facts we learned today: GOLD MARK is the new MUD PILES for anion gap metabolic acidosis. GOLD MARK stands for Glycols (ethylene and propylene), Oxoproline, L-lactate, D-lactate, Methanol, Aspirin, Renal failure, and Ketoacidosis.
This is a very nice case. I wonder what will happen to his hypokalemia and acidosis once he stops the NSAIDs. You guys should keep his FIN and look at his labs again in few weeks!
WSU / DMC Residents Match into Fellowships. Congratulations!
Tania Jain Continues to Impress.


I really wanted to like this game. I almost bought it sight unseen just to encourage more Plants vs. Zombies knock-offs. But I played the demo, and decided not to buy it after all, as it is just not as fun as its predecessor.


Moscow has dismissed accusations from Washington it does not fulfill its obligations under the international conventions banning chemical and biological weapons.
"As in previous years, the US State Department makes unfounded statements with no actual proof that Russia is allegedly violating its commitments under some international agreements," the Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement on Tuesday.
Last week, the US Department of State published a report on the fulfillment of obligations undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements in 2011.
"Again, the report contains the claims over chemical and biological weapons conventions that are repeated from year to year," the Russian ministry pointed out. "It is perplexing that American experts are unaware or deliberately misrepresent information on the progress of Russia's fulfillment of its commitments under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which is carried out under the control of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons."
The US also continues to voice its doubts that Russian statements on the fulfillment of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) are true.
"Yet again, Americans do not cite any facts of violations, but cast doubt on Russia's compliance with its commitments to wrap up biological programs, which had been implemented in the USSR," the ministry says in its comment.
If a decade ago the US had not torpedoed negations to develop an inspection mechanism of the BWC, it would now be possible to avoid such groundless and unproved allegations over "the ambiguity" of Russia's adherence to its commitments, the ministry notes.
As for the Moratoria on Nuclear Testing, the Russian Foreign Ministry says, by now the treaty has been ratified by three out of five nuclear-weapon states, namely Russia, the UK and France.
"Despite repeated assurances by President Barack Obama to accelerate the process, the US has not ratified the agreement," the statement reads.
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans nuclear explosions by everyone everywhere. The agreement was signed by 183 and ratified by 157 countries. However, to become a law, the treaty must be signed and ratified by 44 states with nuclear technology. Eight of these – including the US – have not done so yet.
"The voluntary declaration and observance of the moratoriums on nuclear tests is an important and significant measure, but it cannot replace international legal commitments," the Russian ministry stresses.


After moving several times the last few years I'm finally settled and plans have started for my v3 system. Going to build a 24'x24' greenhouse with the walls and roof done in Solexx greenhouse cover except the rear north facing wall. That wall will have a 36" entry door and 2 garage doors, the idea of the garage doors is so I can place the tanks closer to the wall so they take up less space and if I need access to the backs for any reason can open the doors.
Fish tanks will be either 2x round tanks or 2x 330 gallon IBCs, to be determined.
1x 85 gallon cone tank for a radial flow settler/filter.
1x 85 gallon cone tank for a mineralization tank similar to the one in Web4Deb's dome.
My area is too warm for trout but too cold for tilapia and I can't afford to heat the water that much so my plan with this much filtration is I can run it as just RAS over winter without the need of the growbeds since they will lose a lot of heat. Will have a mix of bluegill and channel cats with some goldfish just for fun lol. Since I have pumps laying around anyway I'm most likely going to do a dual-pump system with one recirculating from the sump to FT and the other doing sump to GBs as part of the winter design, keeps it simple compared to adding a bunch of valves to do the same.
So far nothing has been built yet, in talks with a company to build the greenhouse and I imagine it will be a somewhat slow process.
Mostly finalized the plan and the concrete slab has been poured with the drain lines (red) buried underneath.
The square around the sump is a temporary 3'x3' hole left in the slab until my sump tank gets here and I can get it dug in. Then I'll handmix some concrete to fill it in around the tank.
330 gal IBC fish tanks have arrived as well.
woo hoo. I'll be the first to tag in for the excitement. But it looks like your IBC tanks need some work to make them round like the plan calls for =) oh maybe the second one they went square/rectangular.
Things are still happening, the greenhouse walls/roof are finally done. I doubt I'll have it up and running in time for the full season this year though but at least should get some lettuce and maybe some other short season things.
looking good! Like Terra said, start stuff in dirt... once you get the AP running clean the roots off and toss them in so you already have a head start! You should be able to get things going and keep lettuce growing through winter I would imagine... I have lots of lettuce growing in my greenhouse through winter with just a little supplemental heat, being quite a bit farther south than me you should get more sun in the winter which should keep things growing better.


One thing I love to do is Rock Climb. On a typical week I head over to the Dearborn Community Center to hit the rock 3 times. I've met tons of new friends here but one I particularly like is Ji. He is from China and works for Ford. We'll a few weeks back he asked if I could do some "glamour" type shots for him. I was a little taken a back at first. I think his english couldn't really translate what he was looking for: basically a photograph for a social networking site that looked good. I told him to come over for dinner and I would take a few shots while Lisa cooked up something tasty. Well by the time he was over that evening it was getting pretty dark so I ended trying something pretty unique. For you photo gurus out there. All both these shots were taken on a tripod with 8 second exposures in manual mode. A single 580 was flashed in test mode at various points around his head. Basically I jogged around him flashing wildly before the 8 seconds was up. They have a kind of hollywood look that is pretty cool looking I think. Here they are.


text:
The alliance between Algeria and Palestine is strong and enduring. Algeria is a supporter of the Middle East peace process and it has no diplomatic relations with Israel.

History

Algeria has long been a champion of the Palestinians in Israel ever since winning Independence from France in 1962. The National Liberation Front or FLN had been a strong backer of the  Palestinian Cause. During the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 to 1962 many Palestinians saw Algeria and its struggle for independence as a good model to be learned from. Algeria has long supported the Palestine Liberation Organization since the 1970s and Algerian Presidents Houari Boumediene and Chadli Bendjedid both hosted and welcomed Yasser Arafat. Algeria also provided arms and training for Palestinian militants. In 1974 a Palestinian embassy was opened in Algeria and under Abdelaziz Bouteflika who was the President of the General Assembly, the PLO was admitted as an observer and Yasser Arafat addressed the United Nations General Assembly. In 1975, Algeria sponsored and voted in support of the UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 which equated Zionism with racism (the resolution, however, was later revoked with Resolution 4686 in 1991, but Algeria voted against that resolution). After the Camp David Accords Algeria had severed all diplomatic relations with Egypt and continued to support the Palestinians although this time in a low key fashion. During the First Intifada, Algeria had strongly condemned Israeli actions and convened the 1988 Arab League summit. The emergency Arab Summit offered to support the intifada with financial aid. After the Palestinian Declaration of Independence on 15 November 1988, Algeria became the very first country in the world to recognize the new State of Palestine on 15 November 1988 and officially established full diplomatic relations with it by 18 December 1988. But Algeria soon went into political turmoil and soon erupted into a Civil War after the Algerian parliamentary elections in December 1991 which were cancelled by the Algerian Military in January 1992.
On July 5th 2022,Palestinian Authority confirmed to Algeria that it intended to give its name to a street in Ramallah .

Current relations
After the 1993 Oslo Accords, Algeria continued to support the cause of Palestine more than ever before and had also endorsed the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative. Both Algerian Presidents Liamine Zeroual and Abdelaziz Bouteflika have been both balanced and moderate in that they both support the cause of the Palestinians while also working with the United States and other world powers for a just peace in the Middle East. During the 2008–2009 Gaza War, Algerian Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia said "In the name of government, I express our strong condemnation of crimes against humanity perpetrated by Israel for a week against Gaza's people." After the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid, Algeria condemned "in the strongest terms" the Israeli onslaught against the fleet of international aid for Gaza and requested a "strong and unanimous" response from the international community. During the November 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense, Algeria strongly condemned, through Ministry of Foreign Affairs' spokesman Amar Belani, the "Israeli aggression against Gaza strip" and urged the United Nations Security Council and the international community to assume their responsibilities and "put an end to this dangerous escalation" On 29 November 2012, Algeria voted in favor of UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19 on upgrading Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations. During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra urged the international community to act to get Israel to immediately cease its attacks against Palestine and respect the truce from November 2012. "While condemning in the strongest terms the barbaric attacks against the defenceless Palestinian people, we believe that these attacks were encouraged by the complacent silence of the international community to Israeli expansionist policies and their negative impact on peace and security in the region," Lamamra said. He also underlined the need for urgent action within the United Nations to reach a formula that compels Israel to stop its aggressions on Gaza.

See also

 Foreign relations of Algeria
 Foreign relations of Palestine

References

Palestine
Bilateral relations of the State of Palestine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Rysa Little ist eine unbewohnte Insel im Archipel der Orkney-Inseln. Die Fläche der Insel beträgt 32 Hektar, die höchste Erhebung liegt 20 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel. Sie liegt im Scapa Flow, in der Nähe der Inseln Hoy und Cava. Zwischen Rysa Little und der Insel Fara kam es 1919 zur massenhaften Selbstversenkung von internierten deutschen Kriegsschiffen. Heute ist Rysa Little unbewohnt.

Herkunft des Namens
Rysa Little ist altnordisch und bedeutet so viel wie "ein Häufchen Steine".

Weblinks

Insel (Schottland)
Insel (Europa)
Insel (Nordsee)
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White lilies are accented with gold pinecones and white branches.
DELIVERY ZIP/POSTAL CODE * * Selet an option..90001 - $15.9590006 - $14.0090007 - $10.0090010 - $15.9592127 - $8.00 DELIVERY ZIPCODE is a required field.
This elegant white and gold centerpiece will add class to any table setting.


Herzlich willkommen in der Gemütlichkeit!
In search of a restaurant with homemade German cuisine, but don't know where to go? Sportklause Altenhain restaurant has everything you need – great drinks, mouth-watering dishes and a relaxed ambience. Our comfortable outdoor seating is particularly inviting when the weather is pleasant.
Great German restaurant in a prime location!
We offer an amazing culinary experience with German specialties. At our restaurant you can enjoy our popular schnitzel dishes with an alcoholic beverage – we'll help you choose the best combination. As a dessert or whenever you get a craving, you can enjoy our yummy ice cream. We've always got a delicious dinner waiting for you.
Our guests can use the parking spaces we have available for free. You can contact us us to make a reservation and we'll prepare a table for you. To make a reservation, you can contact us directly via telephone by calling 0371 / 772616. We accept debit card, but you can also pay cash. If you'd like, we can also pack up your order for takeaway. To book our catering service you can get in touch with us today. If you're hosting an event and need a venue, you've come to the right place. Just contact us for more information. We are known for our gorgeous wedding parties and can help you make yours unforgettable for you and your family. Come and check out our location as the venue for your special day. We're closed on Mondays, but the rest of the week we're happy to serve you.
Ab 10:00 Uhr laden wir Sie zu ein paar gemütlichen Stunden mit musikalischer Unterhaltung ein. Bei schönem Wetter findet die Veranstaltung natürlich im Biergarten statt. Wir freuen uns auf Ihren Besuch.
Wie jedes Jahr findet wieder unser Pfingstfrühschoppen statt. Ab 10:00 Uhr sorgt die "Jazz Company Chemnitz" für Stimmung. Wir freuen uns auf Ihren Besuch.


text:
+39 075 835 20 31 info@antolinicostruzioni.eu
Our Farmhouses
Po del breglia
Villa lo Stucchio
Casale degli Ulivi
Casale la Rocca
"La Quercia" Apartment Complex
Our Proposals
Lotto Ponibbiale
Casale il Nibbio
CASALE PO DEL BREGLIA
Typical and suggestive farmhouse immersed in the green of Umbria, in a hilly position, 400 m. above sea level, expertly built from scratch with unparalleled attention to detail, choice of high quality materials and fine finishes.
The farmhouse is equipped with an infinity pool, a tennis court, a tree house, an outbuilding, a finely cared for garden and a wonderful olive grove.
Thanks to the proximity to important historical centers of Umbria and Tuscany, the property is ideal both for those looking for a villa in which to live all year round in contact with nature, and for those who want to spend holidays and relaxation. in the country side.
SOME OF ITS FEATURES
Type of farmhouse: Stone-made farmhouse with swimming pool and tennis court
Municipality: Piegaro
Area: Lake Trasimeno / Panicale / Città della Pieve (Umbria)
Price: € 1,950,000
Surface Area: 526 sqm
Total land area: approximately 32.12 acres
Surroundings: nearest town centre (3 kms) – Highway Road (21 kms) – Airport (44 kms) – Lake Trasimeno (23 kms) – Seaside (115 kms)
Po del Breglia Farmhouse is a traditional and evocative farmhouse situated in the middle of the green Umbrian hillside.
It is 400 m a.s.l. The farmhouse has been entirely rebuilt with particular attention to detail, use of high-quality materials and refined finishes.
It is provided with an infinity pool, a tennis court, a tree house, a guest house, a well-tended garden, and a marvellous olive grove.
The property's vicinity to important historical centres, which are situated both in Umbria and Tuscany, makes it an ideal location both for those who are looking forward to spending the whole year in a villa in touch with nature, and for those who would like to spend their holidays in the countryside for relaxation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS
The farmhouse is organised on three levels.
The first level, which is a partial basement with a separate entrance, consists of an entrance, a wine cellar, a cellar with vaulted ceiling, and covered with brick, a number of equipment rooms, a laundry room, and a guest bathroom.
The internal iron-and-wood staircase leads to the upper floor, where is a magnificent loggia overlooking the entrance hall, with guest services and a hallway.
From there, you can enter the living room with a rooftop terrace adjoining the garden by an external staircase, which is built of masonry.
On the right is a service room followed by a master bedroom, provided with a wardrobe and a private bathroom.
On the left side, you can enter an open space consisting of a kitchen and a spacious living room, equipped with a fireplace built in Pietra Serena stone, which gives onto the porch with a view of the swimming pool.
The upper floor consists of a hallway and two bedrooms, each served with a wardrobe and a private bathroom equipped with rooftop terrace.
The entrance to the guest house, which is located in front of the pool, consists of an entrance porch featured by a characteristic brick-and-stone wood-fired oven. In the guest house, there is a welcoming dining-living room, with its arched window looking onto the pool, the kitchen area, a hallway, and a bathroom.
An internal staircase built of masonry leads to a cutesy loft which consists of a bedroom and a study area. Inside an underlying space, which has a separate entrance, you can see a technical compartment with the control panels of the technological systems: electrical and special systems, security and surveillance systems, heating and air-conditioning systems, hydraulic systems, sanitary facilities, and automatic irrigation systems.
Atriums and other linking structures were built in order to simplify maintenance work.
The land of the property extends over a fenced surface of about 93.9 acres.
The land includes cypresses, oaks, English-style flower beds, purfles, flowers, pomegranates, wisteria and other essences. Moreover, it includes an ample olive grove which has approximately 80 trees.
There is also a tennis court/five-a-side football pitch provided with state-of-the-art artificial turf.
The swimming pool is partially an infinity pool, and was built with Roman stairway and in double depth.
It is surrounded by sunbathing spaces immersed in the green landscape.
Furthermore, some parking spaces were added near the buildings.
Automated entrance gate provided with video intercom and CCTV camera (just like the entrances to the other buildings);
Lighting home automation system;
Floor heating system with heat pump;
Wireless system in every space;
Air-conditioning system;
Alarm system;
Garden with computerised/automated irrigation system;
Connection with the municipal water system and well both for garden irrigation and swimming pool;
External lighting.
Contact us for informations. Telephone number +39 075 8352031
Antolini Costruzioni
Via Thomas Edison 06064 Panicale, (PG)
info@antolinicostruzioni.eu
Tel:+39 335.1346646 / +39 075.8352031
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Clancy reached on an error by 2b.
Newton homered, 2 RBI; Brown scored.
Figueroa singled; Murphy advanced to third.
Clancy reached on a fielder's choice, RBI; Figueroa out at second 2b to ss, advanced to second on a fielder's choice; Murphy scored.
Crinella singled; Forgione advanced to second.
Crinella stole second; Forgione stole third.
DiSarcina singled, RBI; Crinella advanced to third; Forgione scored.
Brown flied out to lf, SAC, RBI; Crinella scored.
Sims hit by pitch; Coggeshall advanced to second.
Paine hit by pitch; Sims advanced to second; Coggeshall advanced to third.
Murphy reached on a fielder's choice; Paine advanced to second; Sims advanced to third; Coggeshall out at home p to c.
Crinella singled, advanced to second on the throw; Forgione advanced to third.
DiSarcina singled, 2 RBI; Crinella scored; Forgione scored.
King to p for Perry.
G. O'Donnell reached on an error by ss.
Coggeshall walked; G. O'Donnell advanced to second.
Sims reached on an error by p, RBI; Coggeshall advanced to third; G. O'Donnell scored on the throw, unearned.
Paine hit into double play 2b to ss to 1b, RBI; Sims out on the play; Coggeshall scored.
Flannery walked; Petrone advanced to second.
Losanno singled, 2 RBI; Florence scored; Petrone scored.
Forgione walked; Losanno advanced to second.
Sampson to p for King.
Nolan to p for Velozo.
Clancy struck out swinging, reached first on an error by c.
Johnson walked; Clancy advanced to second.
Rocha to p for Sampson.
Cimmino pinch hit for Florence.
Cuming to p for Nolan.
M. Smith pinch hit for Clark.
M. Smith singled; Murphy advanced to second.
Figueroa walked; M. Smith advanced to second; Murphy advanced to third.
Clancy hit by pitch, RBI; Figueroa advanced to second; M. Smith advanced to third; Murphy scored.
Johnson grounded out to 1b unassisted, RBI; Clancy advanced to second; Figueroa advanced to third; M. Smith scored.
G. O'Donnell grounded out to 3b, RBI; Clancy advanced to third; Figueroa scored.
Coggeshall singled, RBI; Clancy scored.
Panza pinch ran for Coggeshall.
Sims reached on an error by p, advanced to third, RBI; Panza scored, unearned.
Terrill to p for Cuming.
Murphy reached on an error by rf, RBI; Paine advanced to third; Sims scored, unearned.
M. Smith singled, RBI; Murphy advanced to second; Paine scored.
M. Smith stole second; Murphy stole third.
Figueroa singled, RBI; M. Smith advanced to third; Murphy scored, unearned.
Cummins to rf for M. Smith.
DiSarcina reached on an error by 2b; Forgione advanced to second.
Brown doubled, RBI; DiSarcina advanced to third; Forgione scored.
J. Pastyrnak pinch ran for Brown.
Petrone singled, 2 RBI; J. Pastyrnak scored; DiSarcina scored, unearned.
Schindler to p for Terrill.
Johnson reached on an error by 2b.
Sims walked; Johnson advanced to second.
Paine hit by pitch; Sims advanced to second; Johnson advanced to third.
Murphy singled, RBI; Paine advanced to second; Sims advanced to third; Johnson scored, unearned.
Cummins walked, RBI; Murphy advanced to second; Paine advanced to third; Sims scored.
Spielvogel to p for Schindler.
Figueroa walked, RBI; Cummins advanced to second; Murphy advanced to third; Paine scored.
Clancy walked, RBI; Figueroa advanced to second; Cummins advanced to third; Murphy scored.
Johnson walked, RBI; Clancy advanced to second; Figueroa advanced to third; Cummins scored.
Smith to p for Spielvogel.
Forgione doubled; Losanno advanced to third.


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text:
The Priesthood in the Old and New Testament
Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The Ninth Ecum...
Interview With Metropolitan Athanasios of Limassol...
Elder Ieronymos of Aegina on the Empirical Prerequ...
Elder Arsenios the Cave-Dweller: "Reading Is Also ...
The Cliffside Cave Chapel of Saint John the Theolo...
The Return of the Skull of the Apostle Andrew to P...
Homily on the Disciple of Love for the Feast of th...
Saint Dositheos the Recluse (+ 1776)
Synaxis of Panagia Smyrniotissa in Nemea
Holy New Hieromartyr Haralambos Michailides of Lou...
The Veneration of the Panagia Myrtidiotissa on the...
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Saint John the Baptist and the Monk Who Sought to ...
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Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The Sixth Ecum...
Homily on the Prophet Jonah and on the Repentance ...
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The Testament of Saint John the Stranger (Ioannes ...
Homily for the Sunday After the Elevation of the H...
Galatians 2:20 in Light of the Fathers of the "Phi...
Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The Fourth Ecu...
"Orthodox Popes" (Metr. Hierotheos of Nafpaktos)
14 Attributes of True Faith (St. Nektarios of Aegina)
Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The Third Ecum...
Saint Anastasios the Weaver and the Healing of the...
Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The Second Ecu...
Photos of the Relics of Saint Euphemia from Consta...
Life and Passion of Saint Cyprian of Carthage (Pon...
Miracles of Saint Joseph the New of Partos on His ...
Saint Bessarion I the Sanctified, Metropolitan of ...
September 14, 1943: The German Bombardment of Kerk...
The Axe Head of the Prophet Elisha as a Foreshadow...
The Crosswise Blessing of the Patriarch Jacob as a...
Saint Ketevan as a Model for our Lives
Saint Aristides and His Veneration in Greece
Elder Ephraim of Vatopaidi Returns to his Monaster...
Metropolitan Chrysostomos and the Tragedy of Smyrn...
Homily on the Sunday Before the Elevation of the C...
The Expanding Veneration of Saint Theodora of Vasta
A 12th Century Fresco of Saint Euphrosynos the Cook
The Cave of Saint Elias the Cave-Dweller in Calabria
Saint Ioanniki of Svyatogorsk (+ 1882)
Homilies on the Ecumenical Synods - The First Ecum...
The Patristic Basis of Theology (Metr. Hierotheos...
Paradise and Hell According to Basil the Great and...
The Blessing of the Panagia by the Priests When Sh...
Sermon for the Nativity of the Theotokos
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Homily on the Day of the Nativity of the Most Holy...
Saint Daniel of Katounakia Resource Page
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The Remarkable Byzantine Church of Saint Sozontos ...
Monk Ghenadie of Neamt, Who Died on his Knees in P...
The Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae Nea...
When the Turks Burnt Bishop Gerasimos of Pamphilus...
Homily for the Eleventh Sunday of Matthew - The Co...
Homily on the Eleventh Sunday of Matthew (Archprie...
Reflection on the Eleventh Sunday of Matthew (St. ...
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The Return of the Skull of the Apostle Andrew to Patras as a Fruit of the Dialogue With the Roman Catholic Church
In the book by the theologian Aristides Panotis Peacemakers: Paul VI - Athenagoras I (Athens 1971) we read the following very interesting things about the return of the Honorable Head of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called from Rome to Patras on September 26, 1964:
"The story of the return of the head of Saint Andrew began in February 1963 at a meeting of Orthodox and Catholics in Athens. The relevant suggestions are made in Rome, with positive results. The Metropolitan of Patras, Konstantinos, is indicated by the writer the path he must follow. The text is written and sent. The answer is most desirable. In the middle of May, John Willebrans comes to Patras, for secret consultations with Metropolitan Konstantinos, who writes a personal letter to Pope Paul VI. Pope Paul VI responds in the affirmative to the request. But he wants the head to be returned "with a new reliquary worthy of its contents", which he would pay for himself, because the original reliquary, with which Thomas Palaiologos handed it over to Pope Pius II in 1462, had been replaced with a newer one, and the traces of the old one were lost in a Sacristy. Reliquary designs are requested from Athens, of the Orthodox type, but at the same time research is being done to discover the original reliquary. It is discovered. It was in the museum of the homeland of Pope Pius II. It is golden and its scientific examination by eminent archaeologists and Byzantine scholars proves that it is a rare work of art of the pre-iconoclast period (7th century) and thus has great artistic value. After this responsible opinion, the Pope decides to make a double gift to the Metropolis of Patras, the head and the ancient reliquary. They repair it and add only a base of precious stones, "blue" (lapis lazuli) with the inscription "in the spirit of concord and as a sign of great love". In this unique reliquary, with a relevant ceremony, in the presence of the Orthodox Observers, the Pope encloses the sacred relic and seals it and in this manner it is handed over to the Metropolitan of Patras Konstantinos, on 26 September 1964."
Source: Translated by John Sanidopoulos.
Pope Paul VI with the ancient reliquary and skull of the Apostle Andrew.
Metropolitan Konstantinos of Patras with the skull of the Apostle Andrew.
Cardinal Bea and Archbishop Willebrans meet in Athens with Professor Aristides Panotis, acknowledging his contribution to the success of the first approach of the Holy See with the Metropolis of Patras. Aristides Panotis was also honored by the Metropolitan of Patras Konstantinos with the relevant medal for this great event for the lMetropolis of Patras and for the completion of the new Church of the Apostle Andrew in Patras.
Labels: Catholicism and Papacy, Ecumenism, Relics, Saints of September, St. Andrew the Apostle


text:
Gola är en ort i Kroatien.   Den ligger i länet Koprivnica-Križevcis län, i den nordöstra delen av landet,  km nordost om huvudstaden Zagreb. Gola ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Gola är platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Kosevac,  meter över havet,  km sydväst om Gola. Runt Gola är det ganska glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Koprivnica,  km väster om Gola. Trakten runt Gola består till största delen av jordbruksmark.

Inlandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är december, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är september, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är mars, med  mm nederbörd.

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Emily Thorson '02 has some advice for the Alumni Office.
Look, I work for EchoDitto and am a Dean for America alum, so obviously I've been drinking the empowerment kool-aid, but this is too much even for me. You just don't tell potential donors that their money isn't needed, and you certainly don't remind them there are more worthy causes out there (especially a month after a natural disaster).
Bizarre justifications are a regular theme, here at EphBlog, so we might be tempted to cut Steve Birrell '64 some slack. I also suspect that this letter did not come from Williams, per se, but from the agents in Emily's class. In any event, her advice makes sense to me.
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