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Orangeville Citizen
News/Art/Entertainment
Featured Real Estate
Town of Orangeville Notice Board
Anti-carbon tax stickers coming to gas pumps across Ontario
By Brian Lockhart
As a court battle takes place with Ontario issuing a constitutional challenge against the federal carbon tax, the Ontario government has tabled legislation that would require stickers to be placed on gasoline pumps in the province.
The stickers are designed to show gas buyers the hidden cost of the carbon tax that will add more than 11 cents per litre to the price gasoline by 2022. In addition, the government has communicated to the Ontario Energy Board its expectation that the tax is clearly reflected on natural bas bills.
The carbon tax added five cents to each litre of gasoline when it was put in place on April 1.
"The people of Ontario deserve to know the full truth about how the federal carbon tax will make their lives more unaffordable," said Greg Rickford, minister of energy, northern development and mines. "This job-killing tax will make everything more expensive, but it will hit our wallets hardest when it comes to gas prices and home-heating costs."
Dufferin-Caledon MPP Sylvia Jones, visited the Shell station on Broadway in Orangeville on Wednesday and brought an example of the sticker that will be required on gas pumps if the legislation passes.
Ms. Jones said the provincial government's opposition to the carbon tax is based on the increased costs that will affect both regular households and other services in the community.
"We continue to our commitment to fight the federal carbon tax because we have seen how it is going to impact individuals whether it's at the pumps or heating their homes," Ms. Jones said. "In my own ministry as solicitor general we've seen the impact of how it's going make it more expensive for our OPP officers, for our firefighters, and our paramedics to fuel up their vehicles. They won't get a rebate cheque."
The Progressive Conservative government estimates Ontario hospitals will experience an increase in annual heating costs of $10.9 million in 2019 and $27.2 million in 2022. Those increases will also apply to colleges, universities and nursing and senior care homes.
The stickers will be required to be placed at a prominent place on gas pumps if the legislation goes through.
"The budget bill has not passed, but when it passes we will be distributing these stickers to gas stations across Ontario and it will be an immediate and regular reminder of how much the federal carbon tax is costing the people of Dufferin-Caledon and Ontario when they fill up their tanks," Ms. Jones said, adding "Frankly I think the vast majority of private gas companies understand and want to be able to explain to people the impact of the carbon tax. I don't anticipate that there will be a lot of gas stations that aren't interested in posting it."
Gas stations owners could be fined under the legislation if they refuse to post the stickers.
The government says provinces, not the federal government, should have control over how they reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
"We have a history of understanding and wanting to make our environment better," Ms. Jones said. "We don't want the federal government to impose their system. In British Columbia they've had a carbon tax since 2008 and their emissions have actually gone up. To suggest that a carbon tax is the only and exclusive way to decrease carbon emissions is flawed. The assumption that it's only going to impact gas is flawed. We know that the cost of moving our goods from the purchaser to the seller is going to increase and that's how were trying to educate people and make sure people understand that this is a federally imposed carbon tax. These labels that we will be putting on gas pumps is part of that reminder, that while it started in April it's going to continue and continue to be a part of our lives. What I'm hearing from constituents is that the cost of living continues to be a problem in Dufferin-Caledon."
Ms. Jones said the PC government's plan is to focus on the big polluters in the province, not the little guy.
"You cannot change an individual's patterns by increasing the cost of gas. They still have to get to school, they still have to get to work, they still have to get their children to hockey and lacrosse," Ms. Jones said. "That is not a pattern that will shift people's ideals.
Organizers excited for milestone 10th annual Orangeville Rotary Ribfest
By Mike Baker It has been a decade of excellence for the Rotary Club of Orangeville, and they're asking for the community to help them ...
Four names on ballot for second D-C Conservative nomination
By Mike Baker While three local parties have already started campaigning ahead of October's federal election, Dufferin-Caledon Conservatives have yet to set a date for ...
Issues continue to plague Orangeville's $1.2 million municipal bus fleet
By Mike Baker The issues surrounding Orangeville's troubled municipal transit fleet just continue to pile up. Town staff informed the Citizen late last week that ...
Federal Minister of Infrastructure & Communities visits Orangeville
By Julia Lloyd Francois-Phillipe Champagne, Canada's Minister of Infrastructure and Communities, stopped and visited one of Orangeville's accessible and inclusive playgrounds on Monday (July 8).. ...
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Predicted by many experts role miss the playoffs
Posted on May 30, 2019 Posted by adminPosted in Chicago Bears Jersey
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on Wednesday with what appears to be a hitch in his gate — it had us asking it all over again.But Loughlin and her husband, fashion designer J.Upon her her release, Stewart was suddenly bigger than ever.20 – Jackson returned to practice Friday and is listed as questionable for Sunday's game against Cincinnati.He became known for his steady, smart play at the blue line that keeps the play in front of him and the puck away from his net.
Malcolm Subban is his backup.Her love of the game, her care and love for her players, and her loyalty to UT all came through during the interview process.1 seed in the Eastern Conference.and all of their respective directors, members, agents, officers, employees and volunteers to be denoted as Additional Insured for claims arising out of the event.He has been a beast the past two weeks, averaging 6 yards per carry.
He earned his M.S.Hot Spot …My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views.To search for players who were born on a certain date, for example all players born on December 25, choose the month, day and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the 'Full Date Search' option.Lay off my sister!How to do this Workout ?
The 34-year-old veteran has begun to wear down as he gets older but has played with Thomas Hickey in the past.My phone cover picture is of Mikaela and Kenzie sticking their tongues out at me, doing weird signs.As chief content officer he is responsible for bringing together all company-wide content assets including events, production of shows and creative.3 pick in the 2011 NHL Draft on him within minutes of stepping onto the ice for his first NHL game.
I think we continue to get better," Sendek said.Listed at 6-foot-5 and 209 pounds, Bow has drawn into two NHL contests this season, stopping 18 of 19 shots between the Penguins and Lightning.Cook has won five NCAA titles at Nebraska and coached numerous great players.It is unknown what stopped the process, whether it was money or pride.The Spartans close out their nonconference schedule Wednesday when they travel to Georgia Tech and open Big South Conference play in Clinton, S.C.
Super Bowl LIII marks Pepsi's seventh year as title sponsor of the Super Bowl Halftime Show and 17th year as an NFL partner.I haven't been back to a game since, but I would buy a ticket again.
Points everette hammond had six assists the pirates
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Students at the University of Baltimore can learn all about our rotting, slow-moving brothers in a new English course.
Universities force students to take all sorts of useless classes. When will you ever have to recall the date of Napoleon's surrender? If you aren't an engineer, when will you ever take another integral? While some of these required classes are questionable, the University of Baltimore will be offering one course that will teach an absolutely indispensable skill - how to survive a zombie outbreak. The school will be adding a class to its English catalog focusing on the popular monsters and their place in American pop culture.
The upcoming course is being taught by Arnold Blumberg, co-author of Zombiemania: 80 Movies to Die For and curator of Geppi's Entertainment Museum, a pop culture museum located in downtown Baltimore.
Students taking this class will be required to watch sixteen classic zombie films and read a copious amount of The Walking Dead. While this sounds like my average weekend, the students will have to actually do a bit of work, including research papers, writing scripts, and drawing storyboards for hypothetical zombie flicks.
Baltimore University isn't the only option for students that want to survive the inevitable zombie apocalypse. Chicago's Columbia College has offered a zombie course for some time, and students at Iowa's Simpson College spent a semester writing a book on "The Great Zombie War."
Interested students at the University of Baltimore can sign up for English 333 now. Just remember - when the zombies rise, it'll be up to you to educate the unlucky masses.


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HomeSheri Miller
Sheri Miller
"Writing is a journey towards knowing yourself, towards becoming yourself," says Sheri Miller. "For me, these songs are a huge step forward on this exciting path of self-discovery."
Indeed, there's something revelatory about Miller's extraordinary new EP, 'Waking Up To This Miracle Life,' something profoundly revealing, poetic, and deeply intuitive. Recorded with GRAMMY-winning producer Jeff Bova (Herbie Hancock, Celine Dion), this timeless collection is at once ecstatic and incisive, brimming with joy even as it reckons with struggle and heartache. The songs here are radical acts of self-love and empowerment fueled by raw emotion and explosive energy, and Miller's mesmerizing performances are utterly transcendent to match, her voice shifting from hushed intimacy to soaring grandeur with the preternatural ease of Ann Wilson or Brandi Carlile. Add it all up and you've got a rich, cinematic masterpiece all about embracing the beauty and magic of being alive, a celebratory, vibrant, thoughtful ode to love itself from an artist who passionately lives to create.
"Songwriting is joy," says Miller. "Performance is joy. Creation is joy. And I've always believed my purpose on this Earth is to receive and express that joy through music."
Born and raised in New York, Miller found her calling at an early age thanks in part to her mother, a trained opera singer and classical pianist, and her uncle, a recording engineer. By the time she turned eight, Miller was already composing her own songs and poetry, exploring the mysteries of the universe with the kind of pureness of heart and joie de vivre that would guide her the rest of her career.
"I think I was hatched a songwriter," she says with a laugh. "From the very beginning, I've always just felt this natural, powerful instinct to write."
Growing up, Miller was a voracious listener, playing classical piano and devouring everything from Mozart and Tchaikovsky to Ray Charles and Etta James to Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell. She studied lyrics and poetry, obsessed over melodies, and scoured liner notes for clues about players and production. In 2008, she released her acclaimed debut, 'Mantra,' and in 2011, she returned with a similarly well-received follow-up, 'Winning Hand,' produced by GRAMMY-winner Kevin Killen (U2, Peter Gabriel). Miller's next single featured appearances from legendary guitarist Steve Cropper, iconic keyboardist Paul Shaffer, and bass legend Will Lee. Critics were quick to take notice, with a Boston Globe writer hailing Miller as "a gifted musician" and an "artful songwriter," and Rolling Stone's Anthony DeCurtis raving that "she makes a powerful first impression, and then, even better, a series of more complex and lasting ones." The music earned airplay on tastemaker stations like KCRW and WXPN, landed Miller in writing sessions with everyone from Jill Sobule to Shawn Mullins, and helped her garner dates opening for the likes of J.D. Souther and Robert Gordon. Somewhere along the way, though, Miller began to sense that she was drifting from the passion, love, and clarity that had drawn her to music in the first place.
"I think I developed this sense of wanting to prove myself, that I was worthy or that I belonged," says Miller. "I really had to step back and remember that making music is about being authentic, true to yourself and honoring the integrity of the songs." So Miller began to focus her energy on surrendering to the music, and serving as a conduit for something greater.
"I realized I had to get out of my own way. I had to become a vehicle for the art, rather than trying to control it," Miller reflects.
"Honoring the songs in the studio meant working live as much as possible," she explains. "The recordings needed to have the same electricity and raw, honest emotion I felt when I initially received the music."
With Bova at the helm and backed by a core band of A-list session players including drummer Aaron Sterling (John Mayer, Taylor Swift), guitarist Tim Pierce (Adele, Bruce Springsteen), bassist Will Lee (Paul McCartney, Alicia Keys), and cellist Dave Eggar (Coldplay), Miller set about cutting the new songs over the course of multiple sessions in Los Angeles, New York, and Nashville. She pushed herself to her limits and beyond in the studio, digging deep to deliver the kind of radiant and arresting performances the material demanded.
"Sometimes, when I was completely exhausted, I would find myself going into this meditative state where I felt like I was floating, tapping into some higher frequency," says Miller. "I allowed every ounce of pure emotion and love and authenticity I had into the molecules of these songs."
That clear commitment is palpable from the start on 'Waking Up To This Miracle Life,' which opens with the sensual, swaggering "Gold Hearted Man." Like much of the collection, it's an intoxicating tune, one that taps into a primal kind of energy as it revels in the all-consuming power of physical and spiritual desire. The epic "Joyful Love," meanwhile, honors the courage required to speak your truth and face your feelings head on, and the anthemic title track channels Joan of Arc, as it triumphantly celebrates survival and female empowerment.
"When I was writing lyrics for "Miracle Life," I felt the presence of Joan of Arc, warrior and heroine," says Miller. "Her energy was brilliantly strong, undeniable, and I easily received a stream of lyrics from her. It felt like a gift, but I was afraid to keep her in the song. I meditated on taking her out before ultimately deciding that it was my pure intention to honor the art of songwriting, be high-minded, pristine, and in full integrity to the muses that inspire me. I'm a vehicle to receive the songs, a translator and sculptor. I chose to be courageous like Joan of Arc, true to my artistic vision."
Recording the tender, instant classic "Born To Love" taught Miller a similar lesson about yielding to and trusting the music.
"I thought we had captured the 'perfect' vocal, after comping. The next day, after singing passionately for 5 hours, the producer asked me to sing one last take," Miller recalls. Thinking "OK, but it's unusable, I'm too tired," I relaxed, singing easily, naturally, without trying. I let go and allowed the song, my soul to speak. Opening my eyes, assuming everyone would say it's a throwaway vocal, instead I heard 'now, that's an award-winning performance!' Stunned, I listened back, realizing magic had flowed when I surrendered. We used this live pure vocal as the final vocal. I learned 'magic' is better than 'perfect.' I trust the magic now."
Uplifting and inspiring as it is, the EP certainly has its flashes of doubt and darkness, too. The moody, Middle Eastern-tinged "Empty Sky" reckons with the bittersweet end of a relationship, while the driving, universal anthem "Everybody Feels This Way Sometimes" grapples with depression.
"I originally wrote this song as a message of love and comfort for a friend who was suffering," Miller recalls, "but I eventually realized that I wrote it for myself, too. It's a reminder that it's okay—that it's good—to feel every emotion, even the negative ones, because our emotions are what guide us on our journey. They're temporary, passing through, 'energy in motion.'"
Listening to 'Waking Up To This Miracle Life,' it's clear that Miller has taken that notion to heart. The powerful collection explores the full spectrum of what it means to be vibrantly alive, to feel every emotion, to love and laugh and hurt and heal. This life may not always be easy, but as Miller so beautifully demonstrates, it's always miraculous.
"I feel such joy and pleasure knowing that miracles are all around us," says Miller. "It's a miracle to be alive at this time. As I open my clear eyes a little wider, listen to my inner voice a little longer, I feel blessed every day to be waking up to this miracle life."


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Council of Europe Programme Office in Ankara
Türkiye Office
Türkiye Office Team
Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Turkey II
Strengthening the Human Rights Protection of Migrants and Victims of Human Trafficking in Turkey
Joint Project on "Strengthening Democratic Culture in Basic Education"
Joint Project on Improving the Effectiveness of the Administrative Judiciary and Strengthening the Institutional Capacity of Council of State
Joint Project on Strengthening the Institutional Capacity of Court of Cassation
Strengthening the Criminal Justice System and the Capacity of Justice Professionals on Prevention of the European Convention on Human Rights Violations in Turkey
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Civil Monitoring Boards in line with European Standards
Promoting Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Turkey
Fostering Women's Access to Justice in Turkey
Joint Project on Improving the Effectiveness of Family Courts: Better Protection of the Rights of Family Members
Improving International Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters in Turkey
ROMACTED PHASE II
ROMACTED PHASE II, "Promoting good governance and Roma empowerment at local level"
Supporting the Effective Implementation of Turkish Constitutional Court Judgments in the Field of Fundamental Rights
Joint Project on Strengthening The Capacity Of Bar Associations And Lawyers On European Human Rights Standards
Supporting the Implementation and Reporting on the Action Plan on Human Rights in Turkey
Fostering a Comprehensive Institutional Response to Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence in Turkey
Joint Project on Supporting the Individual Application to the Constitutional Court in Turkey
Judicial Modernisation and Penal Reform in Turkey
Support for the Implementation of Human Rights Reforms in Turkey
Cascaded Training of Turkish Lawyers on the ECHR
Support to the Court Management System in Turkey
Ethics for the Prevention of Corruption in Turkey
Enhancing the Role of the Supreme Judicial Authorities in respect of European Standards
Training of Military Judges and Prosecutors on Human Rights Issues
Improving the Efficiency of the Turkish Criminal Justice System
Consolidating Ethics in the Public Sector in Turkey (TYEC2)
Freedom of Expression and the Media in Turkey
Strengthening the Capacity of the Turkish Judiciary on Freedom of Expression
Developing Mediation Practices in Civil Disputes in Turkey
Project on Strengthening Judicial Ethics in Turkey
Strengthening Anti-Corruption Policies and Practices in Turkey (TYSAP)
Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education
Strengthening the Court Management System (Phase II of Support to the Court Management System in Turkey)
Dissemination of Model Prison Practices and Promotion of the Prison Reform in Turkey
Supporting the Individual Application to the Constitutional Court in Turkey (SIAC)
Strengthening the Court Management System (Phase I of Support to the Court Management System in Turkey)
ANKARA/
Award ceremony held in İzmir within the European Union – Council of Europe Joint Action "Strengthening the human rights protection of migrants and victims of trafficking in human beings in Turkey"
İzmir 28 March 2022
Under the slogan "Be a Voice in Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings", the award ceremony of a poster competition and exhibition took place in Izmir on 28 March within the awareness-raising campaign on child trafficking and human trafficking for labour exploitation, organised by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality in partnership with the Association for Solidarity with Asylum Seekers and Migrants (ASAM). The campaign was implemented through a grant scheme under the joint European Union - Council of Europe action "Strengthening the Human Rights Protection of Migrants and Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in Turkey."
Mayor of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Mustafa Tunç Soyer and Head of the Council of Europe Programme Office in Ankara Cristian Urse were present at the event, alongside representatives of local public institutions and non-governmental organisations. Highlighting the importance of local ownership and sustainability, Cristian Urse expressed appreciation for the successful implementation of the awareness-raising and capacity building activities on child trafficking and trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation in İzmir and for the dedication of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality and ASAM to this project. Mayor Mustafa Tunç Soyer emphasised that cooperation with international and national partners is of great importance for fighting human trafficking effectively and addressing challenges stemming from migration flows in İzmir, and conveyed thanks to the Council of Europe and the European Union for their support.
On this occasion, the Head of the Council of Europe Ankara Programme Office held courtesy meetings with Governor of Izmir Yavuz Selim Köşger and Mayor Mustafa Tunç Soyer.
The action "Strengthening the Human Rights Protection of Migrants and Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in Turkey" is implemented within the framework of the joint European Union/Council of Europe programme "Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Turkey 2019-2022".


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Bigsound Interview Series: Windwaker
HomeNewsBigsound Interview Series: Windwaker
Heavy newcomers Windwaker are a metalcore band from Melbourne. Originating in Wagga Wagga, NSW, the group packed bags for Victoria, later dropping their debut EP 'Fade' in 2017.
What advice would you give yourself when you first started? Network. Get tight with local musicians, bands and promoters before selling music to them. The more connections you have with people in the industry, the more likely you are to have opportunities thrown your way.
What things have you learned and wish someone had told you?To not overplay your area. When we first started, we played so, so many shows and saw little improvement or growth from them. Put that time, money and effort into practicing and writing better music. That will pay off a lot more organically.
What are your goals in music?We want to spend the first half of our lives touring the world. I don't think any of us want anything more than that from music.
Where do you see your music fitting in on the Australian music scene? I think it's irrelevant. The bigger the platform, the bigger the movement. We are just going to keep making the music we want to make, and hope people like it.
Who inspires you in music? To an extent, we do. We are all very competitive people by nature, so in a lot of ways, we try to outdo each other, and that collectively boosts our passion and energy.
Performances at Bigsound
Wed 5th Sep
9:40PM – 10:10PM
Older Live Gallery: Thando Newer Bigsound Interview Series: Walken


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Old City (Jerusalem)
(Redirected from Old City of Jerusalem)
The Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls[1]
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Cultural: ii, iii, vi
1981 (5th Session)
Second Temple Period
Aelia Capitolina
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Mutasarrifate
British Mandate
Jordanian annexation
Israeli occupation
63 BCE
Al-Aqsa
Hebrew University
Biblical Zoo
Demographic history
Chief Rabbi
Grand Mufti
Greek Orthodox Patriarch
Jerusalem Law
Quds Day
Judaization
U.S. Jerusalem Embassy Act
U.S. recognition
Greater Jerusalem
The Old City (Hebrew: הָעִיר הָעַתִּיקָה, Ha'Ir Ha'Atiqah, Arabic: البلدة القديمة, al-Balda al-Qadimah) is a 0.9 square kilometers (0.35 sq mi) walled area[2] within the modern city of Jerusalem.
Until 1860, when the Jewish neighborhood Mishkenot Sha'ananim was established, this area constituted the entire city of Jerusalem.
The Old City is home to several sites of key religious importance: the Temple Mount and Western Wall for Jews, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christians and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque for Muslims. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List in 1981.
Traditionally, the Old City has been divided into four uneven quarters, although the current designations were introduced only in the 19th century.[3] Today, the Old City is roughly divided (going counterclockwise from the northeastern corner) into the Muslim Quarter, Christian Quarter, Armenian Quarter and Jewish Quarter. The Old City's monumental defensive walls and city gates were built in the years 1535–1542 by the Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.[4] The current population of the Old City resides mostly in the Muslim and Christian quarters. As of 2007[update] the total population was 36,965; the breakdown of religious groups in 2006 was 27,500 Muslims (up from ca. 17,000 in 1967, with over 30,000 by 2013, tendency: growing); 5,681 Christians (ca. 6,000 in 1967), not including the 790 Armenians (down to ca. 500 by 2011, tendency: decreasing); and 3,089 Jews (starting with none in 1967, as they were evicted after the Old City was captured by Jordan following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, with almost 3,000 plus some 1,500 yeshiva students by 2013, tendency: growing).[5][6][7]
Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Old City was captured by Jordan and all its Jewish residents were evicted. During the Six-Day War in 1967, which saw hand-to-hand fighting on the Temple Mount, Israeli forces captured the Old City along with the rest of East Jerusalem, subsequently annexing them as Israeli territory and reuniting them with the western part of the city. Today, the Israeli government controls the entire area, which it considers part of its national capital. However, the Jerusalem Law of 1980, which effectively annexed East Jerusalem to Israel, was declared null and void by United Nations Security Council Resolution 478. East Jerusalem is now regarded by the international community as part of occupied Palestinian territory.[8][9]
In 2010, Jerusalem's oldest fragment of writing was found outside the Old City's walls.[10]
2 Archaeology
2.1 Hellenistic period
2.2 Byzantine period
3 Quarters
3.1 Muslim Quarter
3.2 Christian Quarter
3.3 Armenian Quarter
3.4 Jewish Quarter
3.5 Moroccan Quarter
4 City walls
5.1 Open gates
5.2 Sealed gates
See also: Timeline of Jerusalem
According to the Hebrew Bible, before King David's conquest of Jerusalem in the 11th century BCE the city was home to the Jebusites. The Bible describes the city as heavily fortified with a strong city wall, a fact confirmed by archaeology. The Bible names the city ruled by King David as the City of David, in Hebrew Ir David, which was identified southeast of the Old City walls, outside the Dung Gate. In the Bible, David's son, King Solomon, extended the city walls to include the Temple and Temple Mount.
The city was largely extended westwards after the Neo-Assyrian destruction of the northern Kingdom of Israel and the resulting influx of refugees. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE, it was rebuilt on a smaller scale in about 440 BCE, during the Persian period, when, according to the Bible, Nehemiah led the Jews who returned from the Babylonian Exile. An additional, so-called Second Wall, was built by King Herod the Great. In 41–44 CE, Agrippa, king of Judea, started building the so-called "Third Wall" around the northern suburbs. The entire city was totally destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.
Old Roman era gate beneath the Damascus Gate
The northern part of the city was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian around 130, under the name Aelia Capitolina. In the Byzantine period Jerusalem was extended southwards and again enclosed by city walls.
Muslims occupied Byzantine Jerusalem in the 7th century (637 CE) under the second caliph, `Umar Ibn al-Khattab who annexed it to the Islamic Arab Empire. He granted its inhabitants an assurance treaty. After the siege of Jerusalem, Sophronius welcomed `Umar, allegedly because, according to biblical prophecies known to the Church in Jerusalem, "a poor, but just and powerful man" would rise to be a protector and ally to the Christians of Jerusalem. Sophronius believed that `Umar, a great warrior who led an austere life, was a fulfillment of this prophecy. In the account by the Patriarch of Alexandria, Eutychius, it is said that `Umar paid a visit to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and sat in its courtyard. When the time for prayer arrived, however, he left the church and prayed outside the compound, in order to avoid having future generations of Muslims use his prayer there as a pretext for converting the church into a mosque. Eutychius adds that `Umar also wrote a decree which he handed to the Patriarch, in which he prohibited Muslims gathering in prayer at the site.[11]
Outer wall of Tower of David
In 1099, Jerusalem was captured by the Western Christian army of the First Crusade and it remained in their hands until recaptured by the Arab Muslims, led by Saladin, on October 2, 1187. He summoned the Jews and permitted them to resettle in the city. In 1219, the walls of the city were razed by Mu'azzim Sultan of Damascus; in 1229, by treaty with Egypt, Jerusalem came into the hands of Frederick II of Germany. In 1239 he began to rebuild the walls, but they were demolished again by Da'ud, the emir of Kerak. In 1243, Jerusalem came again under the control of the Christians, and the walls were repaired. The Kharezmian Tatars took the city in 1244 and Sultan Malik al-Muazzam razed the walls, rendering it again defenseless and dealing a heavy blow to the city's status.
Suleiman I 1530
The current walls of the Old City were built in 1535–42 by the Ottoman Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. The walls stretch for approximately 4.5 km (2.8 miles), and rise to a height of between 5 and 15 metres (16.4–49 ft), with a thickness of 3 metres (10 feet) at the base of the wall.[4] Altogether, the Old City walls contain 35 towers, of which 15 are concentrated in the more exposed northern wall.[4] Suleiman's wall had six gates, to which a seventh, the New Gate, was added in 1887; several other, older gates, have been walled up over the centuries. The Golden Gate was at first rebuilt and left open by Suleiman's architects, only to be walled up a short while later. The New Gate was opened in the wall surrounding the Christian Quarter during the 19th century. Two secondary gates were reopened in recent times on the southeastern side of the city walls as a result of archaeological work.
In 1980, Jordan proposed that the Old City be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[12] It was added to the List in 1981.[13] In 1982, Jordan requested that it be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger. The United States government opposed the request, noting that the Jordanian government had no standing to make such a nomination and that the consent of the Israeli government would be required since it effectively controlled Jerusalem.[14] In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating its view that East Jerusalem is "part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and that the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations."[15]
Hellenistic period
In 2015, archaeologists uncovered the remnants of an impressive fort, built by Greeks in the center of old Jerusalem. It is believed that it is the remnants of the Acra fortress. The team also found coins that date from the time of Antiochus IV to the time of Antiochus VII. In addition, they found Greek arrowheads, slingshots, ballistic stones and amphorae.[16]
In 2018, archaeologists discovered a 4 centimeter long filigree gold earring with a ram's head, around 200 meters south of the Temple Mount. The Israel Antiquities Authority said it was consistent with jewelry from the early Hellenistic period (3rd or early 2nd century BCE). Adding that it was the first time somebody finds a golden earring from the Hellenistic times in Jerusalem.[17]
Byzantine period
In the 1970s, while excavating the remains of the Nea Church (the New Church of the Theotokos), a Greek inscription was found. It reads: "This work too was donated by our most pious Emperor Flavius Justinian, through the provision and care of Constantine, most saintly priest and abbot, in the 13th year of the indiction."[18][19] A second dedicatory inscription bearing the names of Emperor Justinian and of the same abbot of the Nea Church was discovered in 2017 among the ruins of a pilgrim hostel about a kilometre north of Damascus Gate, which proves the importance of the Nea complex at the time.[19][20]
Map of the Old City with its quarters
Arab market
Old City promenade in snow, 2008
The Old City is divided into four quarters: the Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter and the Jewish Quarter. Despite the names, there was no governing principle of ethnic segregation: 30 percent of the houses in the Muslim quarter were rented out to Jews, and 70 percent of the Armenian quarter.[when?][21]
The Muslim Quarter (Arabic: حارَة المُسلِمين, Hārat al-Muslimīn) is the largest and most populous of the four quarters and is situated in the northeastern corner of the Old City, extending from the Lions' Gate in the east, along the northern wall of the Temple Mount in the south, to the Western Wall – Damascus Gate route in the west. During the British Mandate, Sir Ronald Storrs embarked on a project to rehabilitate the Cotton Market, which was badly neglected under the Turks. He describes it as a public latrine with piles of debris up to five feet high. With the help of the Pro-Jerusalem Society, vaults, roofing and walls were restored, and looms were brought in to provide employment.[22]
Like the other three quarters of the Old City, until the riots of 1929 the Muslim quarter had a mixed population of Muslims, Christians, and also Jews.[23] Today, there are "many Israeli settler homes" and "several yeshivas", including Yeshivat Ateret Yerushalayim, in the Muslim Quarter.[5] Its population was 22,000 in 2005.
See also: Jerusalem in Christianity
The Christian Quarter (Arabic: حارة النصارى, Ḩārat an-Naşāra) is situated in the northwestern corner of the Old City, extending from the New Gate in the north, along the western wall of the Old City as far as the Jaffa Gate, along the Jaffa Gate – Western Wall route in the south, bordering the Jewish and Armenian Quarters, as far as the Damascus Gate in the east, where it borders the Muslim Quarter. The quarter contains the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, viewed by many as Christianity's holiest place.
See also: Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
The Armenian Quarter (Armenian: Հայկական Թաղամաս, Haygagan T'aġamas, Arabic: حارة الأرمن, Ḩārat al-Arman) is the smallest of the four quarters of the Old City. Although the Armenians are Christian, the Armenian Quarter is distinct from the Christian Quarter. Despite the small size and population of this quarter, the Armenians and their Patriarchate remain staunchly independent and form a vigorous presence in the Old City. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the four quarters of the city came under Jordanian control. Jordanian law required Armenians and other Christians to "give equal time to the Bible and Qur'an" in private Christian schools, and restricted the expansion of church assets.[citation needed] The 1967 war is remembered by residents of the quarter as a miracle, after two unexploded bombs were found inside the Armenian monastery. Today, more than 3,000 Armenians live in Jerusalem, 500 of them in the Armenian Quarter.[24][25] Some are temporary residents studying at the seminary or working as church functionaries. The Patriarchate owns the land in this quarter as well as valuable property in West Jerusalem and elsewhere. In 1975, a theological seminary was established in the Armenian Quarter. After the 1967 war, the Israeli government gave compensation for repairing any churches or holy sites damaged in the fighting, regardless of who caused the damage.[citation needed]
Western Wall Plaza
Jewish Quarter.
The Jewish Quarter (Hebrew: הרובע היהודי, HaRova HaYehudi, known colloquially to residents as HaRova, Arabic: حارة اليهود, Ḩārat al-Yahūd) lies in the southeastern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Zion Gate in the south, bordering the Armenian Quarter on the west, along the Cardo to Chain Street in the north and extends east to the Western Wall and the Temple Mount. The quarter has a rich history, with several long periods of Jewish presence covering much of the time[dubious – discuss] since the eighth century BCE.[26][27][28][29][30][31] In 1948, its population of about 2,000 Jews was besieged, and forced to leave en masse.[32] The quarter was completely sacked by Arab forces during the Battle for Jerusalem and ancient synagogues were destroyed.
The Jewish quarter remained under Jordanian control until its recapture by Israeli paratroopers in the Six-Day War of 1967. A few days later, Israeli authorities ordered the demolition of the adjacent Moroccan Quarter, forcibly relocating all of its inhabitants, in order to facilitate public access to the Western Wall.
The section of the Jewish quarter destroyed prior to 1967 has since been rebuilt and settled and has a population of 2,348 (as of 2005[update]).[33] Many large educational institutions have taken up residence. Before being rebuilt, the quarter was carefully excavated under the supervision of Hebrew University archaeologist Nahman Avigad. The archaeological remains are on display in a series of museums and outdoor parks, which tourists can visit by descending two or three stories beneath the level of the current city. The former Chief Rabbi is Rabbi Avigdor Nebenzahl, and the current Chief Rabbi is his son Rabbi Chizkiyahu Nebenzahl, who is on the faculty of Yeshivat Netiv Aryeh, which is situated directly across from the Kotel.
The quarter includes the "Karaites' street" (Hebrew: רחוב הקראים, Rhehov Ha'karaim), on which the old Anan ben David Kenesa is located.[citation needed][34]
Main article: Moroccan Quarter
Clearing the plaza in front of the Kotel, July 1967
There was previously a small Moroccan quarter in the Old City. Within a week of the Six-Day War's end, the Moroccan quarter was largely destroyed in order to give visitors better access to the Western Wall by creating the Western Wall plaza. The parts of the Moroccan Quarter that were not destroyed are now part of the Jewish Quarter. Simultaneously with the demolition, a new regulation was set into place by which the only access point for non-Muslims to the Temple Mount is through the Gate of the Moors, which is reached via the so-called Mughrabi Bridge.[35][36]
City walls
Main article: Walls of Jerusalem
Jaffa Gate
During different periods, the city walls followed different outlines and had a varying number of gates. During the era of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem for instance, Jerusalem had four gates, one on each side. The current walls were built by Suleiman the Magnificent, who provided them with six gates; several older gates, which had been walled up before the arrival of the Ottomans, were left as they were. As to the previously sealed Golden Gate, Suleiman at first opened and rebuilt it, but then walled it up again as well. The number of operational gates increased to seven after the addition of the New Gate in 1887; a smaller eighth one, the Tanners' Gate, has been opened for visitors after being discovered and unsealed during excavations in the 1990s. The sealed historic gates comprise four that are at least partially preserved (the double Golden Gate in the eastern wall, and the Single, Triple, and Double Gates in the southern wall), with several other gates discovered by archaeologists of which only traces remain (the Gate of the Essenes on Mount Zion, the gate of Herod's royal palace south of the citadel, and the vague remains of what 19th-century explorers identified as the Gate of the Funerals (Bab al-Jana'iz) or of al-Buraq (Bab al-Buraq) south of the Golden Gate[37]).
Until 1887, each gate was closed before sunset and opened at sunrise. As indicated by the chart below, these gates have been known by a variety of names used in different historical periods and by different communities.
Open gates
New Gate HaSha'ar HeHadash
השער החדש
Al-Bab al-Jedid
الباب الجديد
Gate of Hammid 1887 West part of northern wall
Damascus Gate Sha'ar Shkhem
שער שכם
Bab al-Amoud
باب العمود
Sha'ar Damesek, Nablus Gate, Gate of the Pillar 1537 Middle of northern wall
Herod's Gate Sha'ar HaPerachim
שער הפרחים
Bab al-Sahira
باب الساهرة
Sha'ar Hordos, Flower Gate, Sheep Gate 1875 East part of northern wall
Lions' Gate Sha'ar HaArayot
שער האריות
Bab al-Asbatt
باب الأسباط
Gate of Yehoshafat, St. Stephen's Gate, Gate of the Tribes, Bab Sittna Maryam (باب ستي مريم, "St. Mary's Gate") 1538–39 North part of eastern wall
Excavators' Gate Excavation Gate. (Eastern gate of the main Umayyad palace, attributed to Caliph Al-Walid I (705–715). Destroyed by an earthquake around 749, walled up to support Ottoman wall (1537–41), reopened and rebuilt by archaeologists led by Benjamin Mazar and Meir Ben-Dov in 1968.)[38][39] 705–715, 1968 Wall south of Al-Aqsa Mosque
Dung Gate Sha'ar HaAshpot
שער האשפות
Bab al-Maghariba
باب المغاربة
Gate of Silwan, Sha'ar HaMugrabim 1538–40 East part of southern wall
Tanners' Gate Sha'ar HaBursekaim
שער הבורסקאים
12th century East part of southern wall
Zion Gate Sha'ar Tzion
שער ציון
Bab al-Nabi Da'oud
باب النبي داود
Gate to the Jewish Quarter 1540 Middle of southern wall
Jaffa Gate Sha'ar Yaffo
שער יפו
Bab al-Khalil
باب الخليل
The Gate of David's Prayer Shrine, Porta Davidi 1530–40 Middle of western wall
Sealed gates
Golden Gate Sha'ar HaRahamim
Bab al-Dhahabi / al-Zahabi, "Golden Gate"
باب الذهبي
A double gate, last sealed in 1541. In Arabic also known as the Gate of Eternal Life.[citation needed] In Arabic each door has its own name:
Gate of Mercy, Bab al-Rahma (باب الرحمة) – the southern door
Gate of Repentance, Bab al-Taubah (باب التوبة) – the northern door
6th century Northern third of eastern side
Single Gate This gate led to the underground area of the Temple Mount known as Solomon's Stables Herodian period Southern wall of Temple Mount
Huldah Gates Sha'arei Chulda
שערי חולדה
Two gates:
The Triple Gate, as it comprises three arches. Also known as Bab an-Nabi (باب النبي, "Gate of the Prophet Muhammad")
The Double Gate, two arches, partially hidden from view by mediaeval building
Herodian period Southern wall of Temple Mount
History of Jerusalem
Demographic history of Jerusalem
Gates of the Temple Mount
Bezetha
List of cities with defensive walls
List of places in Jerusalem
Zedekiah's Cave
^ "Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls". UNESCO. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
^ Kollek, Teddy (1977). "Afterword". In John Phillips (ed.). A Will to Survive – Israel: the Faces of the Terror 1948-the Faces of Hope Today. Dial Press/James Wade. about 225 acres
^ Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua (1984). Jerusalem in the 19th Century, The Old City. Yad Izhak Ben Zvi & St. Martin's Press. p. 14. ISBN 0-312-44187-8.
^ a b c Eliyahu Wager (1988). Illustrated guide to Jerusalem. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Publishing House. p. 138.
^ a b "Jerusalem The Old City: Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications" (PDF). International Peace and Cooperation Center. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28.
^ Bracha Slae (13 July 2013). "Demography in Jerusalem's Old City". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
^ Beltran, Gray (9 May 2011). "Torn between two worlds and an uncertain future". Columbia Journalism School.
^ East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns Archived 2013-07-21 at the Wayback Machine United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. December 2012
^ Benveniśtî, Eyāl (2004). The international law of occupation. Princeton University Press. pp. 112–13. ISBN 978-0-691-12130-7.
^ "Tiny fragment bears oldest script found in Jerusalem". Telegraph.co.uk. 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
^ "The Holy Sepulchre – first destructions and reconstructions". Christusrex.org. 2001-12-26. Archived from the original on 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
^ Advisory Body Evaluation (PDF file)
^ "Report of the 1st Extraordinary Session of the World Heritage Committee". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
^ "Justification for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger, 1982: Report of the 6th Session of the World Heritage Committee". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
^ "UNESCO replies to allegations". UNESCO. 15 July 2011. The Old City of Jerusalem is inscribed on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger. UNESCO continues to work to ensure respect for the outstanding universal value of the cultural heritage of the Old City of Jerusalem. This position is reflected on UNESCO's official website (www.unesco.org). In line with relevant UN resolutions, East Jerusalem remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations.
^ Jerusalem Dig Uncovers Ancient Greek Citadel
^ In find of ancient gold earring, echoes of Greek rule over Jerusalem
^ Greek building inscription with a cross
^ a b Outside Jerusalem's Old City, a once-in-a-lifetime find of ancient Greek inscription
^ Important ancient inscription unearthed near the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem
^ Menachem Klein, 'Arab Jew in Palestine,' Israel Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Fall 2014), pp. 134-153 p.139
^ Discerning Conqueror, Haaretz
^ "שבתי זכריה עו"ד חצרו של ר' משה רכטמן ברחוב מעלה חלדיה בירושלים העתיקה". Jerusalem-stories.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
^ Հայաստան սփյուռք [Armenia Diaspora] (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.
^ Առաքելական Աթոռ Սրբոց Յակովբեանց Յերուսաղեմ [Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (literally "Apostolic See of St. James in Jerusalem")] (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-09.
^ University of Cape Town, Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Congress, South African Judaica Society 81(1986) (referencing archaeological evidence of "Israelite settlement of the Western Hill from the 8th Century BCE onwards").
^ Simon Goldhill, Jerusalem: City of Longing 4 (2008) (conquered by "early Israelites" after the "ninth century B.C.")
^ William G. Dever & Seymour Gitin (eds.), Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel, and Their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age Through Roman Palaestina 534 (2003) ("in the 8th–7th centuries B.C.E. ... Jerusalem was the capital of the Judean kingdom . ... It encompassed the entire City of David, the Temple Mount, and the Western Hill, now the Jewish Quarter of the Old City.")
^ John A. Emerton (ed.), Congress Volume, Jerusalem: 1986 2 (1986) (describing fortification work undertaken by "Hezekiah[] ... in Jerusalem at the close of the 8th century B.C.E.")
^ Hillel Geva (ed.), 1 Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969–1982 81 (2000) ("The settlement in the Jewish Quarter began during the 8th century BCE. ... the Broad Wall was apparently erected by King Hezekiah of Judah at the end of the 8th century BCE.")
^ Koert van Bekkum, From Conquest to Coexistence: Ideology and Antiquarian Intent in the Historiography of Israel's Settlement in Canaan 513 (2011) ("During the last decennia, a general consensus was reached concerning Jerusalem at the end of Iron IIB. The extensive excavations conducted ... in the Jewish Quarter ... revealed domestic constructions, industrial installations and large fortifications, all from the second half of the 8th century BCE.")
^ Mordechai Weingarten
^ Staff. "Table III/14 – Population of Jerusalem, by Age, Quarter, Sub-Quarter, and Statistical Area, 2003" (PDF). Institute for Israel Studies (in Hebrew and English). Institute for Israel Studies, Jerusalem. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
^ Staff (2010). "Our communities". God's name to succeed (in Hebrew). World Karaite Judaism. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
^ Nadav Shragai (8 March 2007). "The Gate of the Jews". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
^ Steinberg, Gerald M. (2013). "False Witness? EU Funded NGOs and Policymaking in the Arab-Israeli Conflict" (PDF). Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs.
^ Gülru Necipoğlu (2008). "The Dome of the Rock as a palimpsest: 'Abd al-Malik's grand narrative and Sultan Süleyman's glosses" (PDF). Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic. Leiden: Brill. 25: 20–21. ISBN 9789004173279. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
^ "The Function and Plan of the 'Palaces'". The Jerusalem Archaeological Park – Davidson Center. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
^ Meir Ben-Dov (1987). The Excavation Gate (18). The Ophel archaeological garden. Jerusalem: East Jerusalem Development Ltd. p. 20. Thus for all intents and purposes, a ninth gate has been opened in the walls of Jerusalem.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Old City (Jerusalem).
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Jerusalem/Old City.
Virtual tour of the Old City's historic sites
Virtual tour of the Muslim Quarter
Virtual tour of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Virtual tour of the Cardo
Virtual tour of the Damascus gate
Virtual tour of the Kotel
Coordinates: 31°46′36″N 35°14′03″E / 31.77667°N 35.23417°E / 31.77667; 35.23417
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7. Damascus 8. New (Double, Single, Tanners')
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text:
Q: How to use superscript in facet_wrap labels in R? In my facet_label i would like to use superscript such as in Figure below 3 should be superscript to m. Also i would like to assign degree sign with C in the temperature subplots. Also, i would like to see zero horizontal line only in temperature plots but not in streamflow and precipitation plots. Below is my code so far and i would appreciate any help.
library(tidyverse)
MonthlyData = data.frame(Month = 1:12, A = runif(12, 1,40), B = runif(12,-25,15), C = runif(12,-15,25), D = runif(12,1,75))
PlotData = gather(data = MonthlyData, key = "Variable", value = "Value", -Month)
PlotData$Variable = factor(PlotData$Variable, labels = c("Streamflow (m3/sec)", "Max temperature (oC)", "Min temperature (oC)", "Precipitation (mm)"))

ggplot(transform(PlotData, Variable = factor(Variable, levels = c("Streamflow (m3/sec)", "Precipitation (mm)", "Max temperature (oC)", "Min temperature (oC)"))), aes(x = Month, y = Value))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.5) + facet_wrap(~Variable, nrow = 4, scales = "free_y")+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+ aes(fill = as.factor(Variable))+
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1:12), labels = c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar","Apr", "May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
  theme_bw()

Here is my plot based on the example data

A: Using bits of code from ggplot inserting space before degree symbol on axis label, R - Interpreting a subscript in a variable used in ggplot and How to add different lines for facets we can just about get there:
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyr)

MonthlyData = data.frame(Month = 1:12, A = runif(12, 1,40), B = runif(12,-25,15),
                         C = runif(12,-15,25), D = runif(12,1,75))
PlotData = gather(data = MonthlyData, key = "Variable", value = "Value", -Month)

# To set the order of the facets, then create a factor for the facetting
# level in the order that you want
PlotData$Variable = factor(PlotData$Variable, levels=c("A", "D", "B", "C"))

# Set labels that are to be parsed
# use instead of changing Variable factor levels
# reorder to order of facet variable
lbs = setNames(c("'Streamflow ('*m^3*'/sec)'",
                 "'Max Temperature ' (degree*C)",
                 "'Min Temperature ' (degree*C)",
                 "Precipitation (mm)"),
                LETTERS[1:4]
       )[levels(PlotData$Variable)]

ggplot(PlotData, aes(x = Month, y = Value, fill = Variable)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.5) +
  # create facet labels from character vector
  facet_wrap(~Variable, nrow = 4, scales = "free_y",
             labeller=as_labeller(lbs, label_parsed)) +
  # parse legend labels: reorder
  scale_fill_discrete(labels = parse(text=lbs)) +
  # specify names of facets to add horizontal line to
  geom_hline(data=data.frame(Variable=c("B", "C")), aes(yintercept = 0))

To change the order of the facets see controlling order of facet_grid/facet_wrap in ggplot2?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kolonia Wola Solecka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chotcza, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Chotcza,  north-east of Lipsko, and  south-east of Warsaw.

The village has an approximate population of 150.

References

Kolonia Wola Solecka

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Is there a communications module available for my TDS220? The TDS2CM and TDS2CMA modules are no longer available.
oscilloscopes to prove a GPIB, RS-232 and Centronix interface.
Note: This module is not compatable with the TDS1000B series and TDS2000B series oscilloscopes.


10.0 Hour Online Course with 2 hour skill session included contact derek@safetyhs.com to schedule a skills session.
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For successful course completion, students must demonstrate skills competency in all learning stations, pass the highquality BLS skills test, bag-mask ventilation test, and the Megacode test. They also must pass the ACLS exam with a score of 84% or higher. Upon successful completion, students receive an ACLS course completion card.
HeartCode ACLS is the AHA's blended learning delivery method for the AHA's ACLS Course. Blended learning is a combination of eLearning, in which a student completes part of the course in a self-directed manner, followed by a hands-on session.
HeartCode ACLS is a self-directed, comprehensive eLearning program that uses eSimulation technology to allow students to assess and treat patients in virtual healthcare settings. To enter the course, students must complete a precourse self-assessment. Students will then be presented with a team dynamics lesson and 10 In-hospital patient cases, including a BLS case and 2 megacode cases. The cases may be repeated as many times as necessary to pass.
Upon successful completion of all the patient cases, students will take a multiple choice exam and must pass with a minimum score of 84%. There are a variety of additional videos as well as the ACLS Provider Manual and the 2015 Handbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care to enhance learning and facilitate successful completion of the patient cases.
The ACLS Course is designed for healthcare professionals who either direct or participate in the management of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies. This includes personnel in emergency response, emergency medicine, intensive care, and critical care units such as physicians, nurses, and paramedics, as well as others who need an ACLS course completion card for job or other requirements.
HeartCode ACLS is for healthcare professionals and others seeking an alternative delivery method for completing ACLS training.


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Phnom Penh Post - ADB offers $70M loan to improve transportation
ADB offers $70M loan to improve transportation
Kali Kotoski | Publication date 03 October 2017 | 07:44 ICT
Takehiko Nakao, president of ADB, speaks during the organisation's annual meeting held in Yokohama, Japan earlier this year. Photo supplied
Tue, 3 October 2017
Kali Kotoski
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $70 million loan to develop the Kingdom's transportation infrastructure with the majority of the funding going towards improvements of national roads in Prey Veng, Siem Reap and Svay Rieng provinces.
The loan is part of the ADB-backed Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Economic Corridor programme aiming to link Ho Chi Minh City, Phnom Penh and Bangkok through infrastructure development to enhance the efficiency of cross-border trade, according to a press release. A focus will be on improving 147 kilometres of unsafe and flood-prone sections of national roads, while providing all-weather connectivity and climate resilience.
"In Cambodia, roads are the dominant mode of transport, making road transport critical to the country's social and economic development. However, the road subsector in Cambodia remains inefficient and fragmented," Oyunchimeg Erdene, a senior transport specialist at the ADB, said in the release.
"Apart from enhancing existing roads in the three focus areas, the project will also help improve the government's capacity in road asset management."
According to the ADB, Cambodia's networks have low levels of connectivity and efficiency due to incomplete regulatory frameworks, low institutional capacity, little private sector participation and a lack of construction initiatives.
It said 15,400 kilometres of roads managed by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport are in need of repair or rehabilitation to enhance connectivity domestically and with neighbouring countries.
The loan will also pilot the use of a "hybrid performance-based" contract for the construction and maintenance of road works. The model aims to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of road asset management in Cambodia by expanding the scope of contractors from project executors to road managers.
Contact author: Kali Kotoski
ADB publications available in CDRI's online catalogue
Labour will face threats from tech, says ADB
Economic outlook positive, ease of doing business still lagging: ADB
ADB and EdC look to tender solar park soon
Nontariff barriers continue to hinder regional trade
While tariffs across the Asia-Pacific region have dropped over the last 20 years as a result of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, nontariff barriers such as
Asian Development Bank needs to prioritise gender: review
ADB plan aims for synergy in agro sector
Asian Development Bank announces $45M loan for secondary education
ADB to muscle up its lending with pledge of $1B


When you hire Integrity Real Estate, not only do you get one of the top real estate firms in the area, you also employ an entire host of award-winning Realtors trained and committed to providing the highest level of professional service with Residential, New Construction, Land Farms, Military, and First-Time Home Buyers!
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Yes, the book club is still open however each month people change partners but we do give the option that if someone wants to read an addition 3 chapters that they gain extra credit and have a higher chance at getting their book selected for the Book of the Month.
And the third Comment Spam begins! I've tagged everyone and the same rules apply as before. You have the next 48 hours (2 days) to write 5 in-line comments. Remember to tag your comments with #WCS and to comment here or in the book club that you done. If you need an extension let me know!
A Timer for anyone who wants to keep watch of how fast 48 hours can slip on by. Counting from Sunday 11:59pm central time to Tuesday 11:59pm central time.
Are we supposed to start this today?
Yes. Sorry fixed the days in that post.
And the fourth Comment Spam begins! I've tagged everyone and the same rules apply as before. You have the next 48 hours (2 days) to write 5 in-line comments. Remember to tag your comments with #WCS and to comment here or in the book club that you done. If you need an extension let me know!
A Timer for anyone who wants to keep watch of how fast 48 hours can slip on by. Counting from Tuesday 11:59pm central time to Thursday 11:59pm central time.
Remember, if you need a break or extra time to let me know and I'll work something out with you. As I said before, while it isn't stated in the rules one of the admins in the club will make up for the 5 missed in-line comments. If a heads up isn't given to my account or the Wonderland Club account, the person will be issued a warning and the chance to still continue the club. The group is doing amazing so far and I predicted that sometimes it wouldn't' be easy to stay caught up with the club for a some of us (me included but I'm trying! It just can be so… difficult…).


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Deciding the existence of a family life
In Re CD (Notice of care proceedings to father without parental responsibility) [2017] EWFC 34, the court had to decide an application by the local authority to prevent Form C6A from being sent to a father, CD, who did not have parental responsibility.
CD was the father of the eldest of the mother's three children, X. CD had a history of domestic violence against the mother. The mother had moved several times to escape harassment and threats from the father and was now in a relationship with H, the father of her 2 youngest children. CD had not seen his child for more than 5 years.
In June 2016, the local authority undertook a parenting assessment of the mother and H before making an application for an order under section 31 of the Children Act 1989. In such circumstances, FPR 2010 PD 12C paragraph 3.1 provides that 'every person whom the applicant believes to be a parent without parental responsibility is entitled to receive a copy of Form C6A.' However, all parties did not feel this would be appropriate due to the threat CD posed to the mother and her family.
The court recognised that there were circumstances when it would not be appropriate for a father to be sent Form C6A, and having examined relevant authorities, considered that if the father's Article 8 was engaged in relation to the child, then the threshold for determining that it would not be appropriate for to be sent Form C6A would be higher. The first consideration therefore was to determine whether there was a family life between CD and X.
The court undertook an extensive review of the authorities in deciding the matter and the following points emerged:
The determination of whether a family life exists is essentially a question of fact;
Family life is not confined solely to marriage-based relationships;
Mere biological kinship is not of itself sufficient to constitute family life;
Cohabitation, though not a pre-requisite, is an important factor to be taken into account when considering the existence or otherwise of family life; however,
Other factors may also serve to demonstrate that a relationship has sufficient constancy to create a de facto family life;
There must be evidence of a close personal relationship, a demonstrable interest in and commitment to the child.
The court adopted a balance sheet approach, and on the facts found that there was no family life between CD and X. As a result, there was a lower threshold in determining that it would not be appropriate for CD to be sent Form C6A, and the risk he posed was sufficient to pass that threshold.
A District Judge recently told me that there is some judicial disagreement between the use of undertakings and agreements, but did not articulate any further.
Many financial remedy orders contain undertakings and/or recited agreements and/or recited facts between the parties.
In Livesey v Jenkins [1985] AC 424 at 444 Lord Brandon made the distinction between obligations that could be made the subject of an order and those which could not - 'such undertakings are enforceable as effectively as direct orders'. McCombe LJ in Birch & Birch [2015] EWCA Civ 833 embraced this, saying that 'undertakings are an essential part of the bricks and mortar with which the edifice of such financial orders are constructed'.
(NB at para 44 McCombe LJ said 'On the basis that I have sought to explain, it seems to me that there does exist a formal jurisdiction in the court to vary this undertaking … the scope for the exercise of the jurisdiction must be extremely limited indeed.' - note this variation power is doubted by the authors (inc Mostyn J, Sir Peter Singer) of Financial Remedies Practice 5th Ed at p 79)
PD 33 A reads:-
Enforcement of undertaking for the payment of money
2.1 Any undertaking for the payment of money that has effect as if it was an order made under Part 2 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 may be enforced as if it was an order and Part 33 and Part 37 apply accordingly.
Such an undertaking is a promise to the court which can be enforced via PD 33 A, noting its limitations.
(NB note 2.1 seems to apply to Part 2 MCA undertakings only, for the payment of money, and not, say, Children Act proceedings. Also, see Part 37, otherwise for the committal powers of the Family Court for breach of an order, judgement or other undertakings.)
An agreement, although contained within a recital is between the parties, and it is submitted enforcement primarily would be by way of proceedings for breach of contract.
An agreement would be recited if it is an integral part of the settlement e.g. say, conduct of a sale of family home, and which, otherwise cannot satisfactorily be worded as an undertaking.
Hence there needs to be caution when considering what should properly be an undertaking, and what is contained in an agreement.
In addition, recitals of fact may be included, e.g. if reliance is placed on that fact as forming a basis of the order, in case the fact relied on turns out to be untrue.
The conclusion is that when drafting a financial remedy order careful consideration should be given to what is recited as a fact, what is recited as an agreement, and what should be recited as an undertaking, keeping an eye on how the recital can be enforced or how it can be later used if need be.
World Congress on Family Law and Children's Rights, Dublin, Ireland
June 2017 saw the arrival of family law practitioners from across the globe for the 7th World Congress on Family Law and Children's Rights in Dublin. Over 600 delegates from 53 countries attended from Australia, Canada, USA and beyond for four days of discussion and insight into good practice in family law and the protection of children.
This was an international event of clear importance, with previous events held in Sydney, Cape Town and San Francisco. With a history of esteemed locations, Dublin held its own, providing a fantastic setting both for work and social events. Delegates were treated to a tour of the famous Guinness factory along with the opportunity to partake in Dublin's literary pub crawl! The Congress was held in the Convention Centre in Dublin, with topics of interest including justice and equality, exploitation of children, social media and child participation in proceedings.
The conference began with an address from Baroness Hale as to the continual failure to see children as human beings and in particular the reference to a child in case law, as "it" or using initials in children cases (described as "soulless initials"). Baroness Hale described her own practice of using made up names for children in judgments and encouraged such practice from others, enabling children to be viewed as "real human beings".
The protection of children was echoed in numerous talks offered by speakers, including the practice of interviewing children in child abuse cases. Mr Justice Ryan (President of the Court of Appeal in Ireland) provided a haunting talk on the child abuse enquiry in Ireland. There was discussion from Brett Gosper (chief executive of World Rugby) as to the tackling of gender-based discrimination and domestic violence, with a scheme currently being piloted in Victoria, Australia.
Given the variety of different nationalities, the Congress provided a great opportunity to not only mix with individuals from other jurisdictions, but also the chance to compare the other legal systems. One plenary session involved a discussion between Children Commissioners from Northern Ireland, Australia and Jamaica, as to their differing roles (and powers!) in the rights of children around the world. Other sessions were in relation to the different approaches to the system. For example, parents in Northampton Massachusetts are trialling the Family Resolutions Speciality Court, based on the Australian system. The idea is to a reduce the numbers of families involved in repeated litigation, with every family that opts in receiving a court probation officer, mental health professional, child attorney and mediator. Similarly in Alberta, Canada, there is current reform of the family justice system to develop a less adversarial approach and focus on collaboration.
A talk of particular interest for me was from David Hodson OBE as to technology and innovation in the courts, with the movement to a digital system (paperless bundles, skype hearings, online resolution hearings and use of more non-lawyers). Mr Hodson described a system that will change dramatically in the long and medium term, with the emergence of artificial intelligence. However, the impact on those poorest must be borne in mind, with questions as to accessibility to such a new age system.
Access to justice was a hot topic. For my own part, I was delighted to be invited as a guest speaker, providing a contribution to the justice and equality section of the programme. My address focused on the impact to access to justice as a result of the legal aid changes following the implementation of the Legal Aid Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO). Family lawyers across England and Wales have participated in considerable debate on this issue. In Dublin discussion continued, with other practitioners also commenting on the pressure on their own respective systems, the lack of funding and the considerable time taken by family lawyers to provide their clients with a high level of service. Despite the faults of the systems, it was evident that the commitment of family lawyers remains resolute. As described by Mr Hodson "family law practice will change….and the need for very good family lawyers will remain".
The Congress meets again in Singapore in 2020. I would highly recommend this as a date in the diary!
In a report by the Law Society Gazette, the LAA has been told to directly apologise and pay £10,000 to the expert witness Dr Alan George in immigration cases for causing him distress, inconvenience and financial loss by excessively auditing his bills.
In a report seen by the Law Society Gazette, the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman says it has decided to 'partly uphold' Dr Alan George's complaint. Middle East expert George had alleged that the agency unfairly denigrated his character, unfairly reduced, capped and refused his fees and unfairly subjected his work and fees to excessive assessment, review and audit from spring 2011 until autumn 2013.
The Ombudsman says: 'We found that LAA did not act transparently when investigating their concerns about Dr George and they failed to keep useable records. Further, that they treated Dr George unfairly when failing to properly consider and respond to his complaints and were not free from bias. We agreed with Dr George that LAA's actions caused him inconvenience, distress and had a financial impact on him. However, we did not find that LAA denigrated Dr George's character'.
To read the full article, click the link: https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/expert-witness-wins-apology-and-payment-from-legal-aid-agency/5062066.article
Light relief on Legal Personality- Making a monkey of the law in the United States
Ashley Ailes
Barrister | Mediator | Head of Civil
ashleyailes@no18chambers.com
The Guardian newspaper of 12th July 2017 reported that PETA, the animal rights group was bringing a claim against David Slater, a UK resident, in the United States for a declaration that he did not have copyright in one of his photographs that went viral worldwide, when to obtain the photograph, Mr Slater had, after much effort, persuaded a wild crested macaque monkey in Sulawesi to take a "selfie". PETA's claim basically was that since the monkey had pressed the shutter, the copyright belonged to the monkey, or at the very least did not belong to the photographer.
In English law, the idea that a monkey could hold a copyright is a nonsense. Neither wild or tame animals have the status of persons. A tame animal is a chattel, and the property of its owner, and wild animals, until killed or brought into captivity are nobody's property, and may wander from one person's land to another, without hindrance.
The only parties recognised by English law are natural persons (individual human beings "as themselves" or, perhaps, as trustees or executors) or corporate persons (limited companies, companies limited by guarantee, or other corporations, such as ecclesiastical corporations, or other bodies established by charter). While there may be procedural rules to allow representative actions on behalf of a class of persons, and to group the individuals in unincorporated associations conveniently under one title, that is the general rule- companies and people have legal personality, but ants and lettuces do not. Animals, such as monkeys, whales, cockroaches and ladybirds are not legal persons, and cannot bring claims, whatever the arguments as to the extent that they might be "sentient beings".
Quite understandably, Judge N Randy Smith, the US judge of first instance, dismissed the claim on the basis that the monkey (nicknamed "Naruto", but who may not even be the right monkey) could not hold a copyright, because he was a monkey.
There is an appeal pending, and one holds one's breath in case the appeal judges have a rush of blood to the head and grant "monkey rights". It would open claims on behalf of the whales, great apes and dogs, maybe chickens and ultimately slugs. You may wish to think twice before scattering those slug pellets, to avoid a slug-related fatal accident claim.
Family practitioners occasionally come up against similar problems of divorce clients with a well-loved cat (interestingly, much more commonly than a dog). The clients do not quite believe that their cat is not a person. Invariably one client wants custody of the cat (they always say "custody" and never ask for a residence order). The other side wants custody as well, or at least access (again, they never ask for a contact order). Both clients are usually offended when advice is given that the only solution (in the absence of agreement) is a transfer of property order, because (despite their emotional commitment), the bl**dy cat is merely a chattel and not a child. Both parties are sometimes upset because they cannot have a Cafcass report and a three-day trial over their pet.
There is a rather more interesting legal argument imbedded in the monkey saga. Generally, in the absence of agreement otherwise, the person who presses the camera shutter holds the copyright, because he "made the photograph". In the U.S. case, the monkey pressed the button. It might just be feasibly open to the Appeal judges to find that there is no copyright at all in the photograph, because no legal person pressed the button. This would be unlikely, because the photographer went to considerable efforts to persuade the monkey to take the "selfie", but if such a finding were made, it could have immense consequences.
Many extremely valuable photos have similarly been taken with animal-activated camera traps- for instance of snow leopards in the Himalayas, or rare tigers in Siberia. In each case, the animal unconsciously triggered the photograph. A finding that there was "no copyright" is very unlikely, but, if such a "no copyright" finding were made, such a finding would set the cat, (or perhaps the snow leopard) among the pigeons. We await the U.S. appeal court's decision.
The High Court's Life or Death Decisions
Few people will have not heard something of heart breaking tragedy of Charlie Gard. The plight of this poor baby and his family leaves many seeking answers to fundamental questions about human existence, such as how hard should we fight to hang on to somebody that we love when their life may have become burdensome to them. There can surely be few people who would doubt the love Charlie's parents have for him, and many will understand that the medical staff showed a different kind of love for him in wishing to end his suffering when it was apparent to them that he had no hope of recovery. As Charlie's father stood on the steps of the Royal Courts of Justice and announced bravely that he and his wife had decided to give up the fight, large crowds chanted "Justice for Charlie", the implication being that the High Court had denied the family justice by making the earlier decision that his life support should be switched off. What many do not understand is how and why the courts take the decisions that they do.
The Legal Framework
Interested persons, which can include institutions such as Great Ormond Street Hospital, can seek to the use the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court in a situation such as Charlie's i.e. where the child's interests seem contrary to continuing the life of the child, to end the child's treatment. Applications to the court in relation to minors should be made within wardship proceedings and applicants can seek a declaration that treatment should be stopped. All applications under the High Court's inherent jurisdiction are governed by FPR 2010, PD 12D and FPR 2010, Part 5.
The principles the court will have used in deciding Charlie Gard's case were examined by Mrs Justice Parker in the case of Re OT [2009] EWHC 633 (Fam). The case that was eerily similar to that of Charlie in that the 9-month-old child involved was suffering from a similar genetic mitochondrial disease. Three weeks before the application the child had been admitted to hospital and had suffered brain damage, a stroke, and atrophy of his brain and brainstem. He could neither suck nor swallow. The medical opinion was that the child was experiencing distress and long-term pediatric care was not in his best interests, and therefore the hospital applied to the court to end his treatment, which was dealt with at an emergency hearing. The parents opposed an order permitting the hospital to discontinue ventilation and argued that the child's and their rights under Art 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) would be breached if treatment were continued. They also opposed the court making orders in an emergency application.
Parker J first held that the emergency application did not in itself breach the respondent's human rights, applying Glass v United Kingdom [2004] 1 FLR 1019. The court noted the parents had been given time to seek contrary medical opinions, and they had been given the opportunity to be heard. Parker J then examined the principles that give to the court power, in appropriate cases, to override a parent's right to consent to medical treatment on behalf of that parent's child. Parker J held that the role of the court is to exercise an independent and objective judgment on the basis of all the evidence. The fundamental principle of the sanctity of life was not absolute. Art 2 of the European Convention imposes a positive obligation to give life sustaining treatment, but it did not impose an absolute obligation to treat if medical opinion was such that the treatment would be futile. Withdrawal of life sustaining treatment which was no longer in the patient's best interest was not a breach of Art 2 or Art 7 of ECHR.
The Court of Appeal have subsequently affirmed the principles elaborated by Parker J (e.g. AVS v NHS Foundation Trust and PCT [2011] EWCA Civ 7) and it is on the basis of these principles that the High Court will have reached the tragic decision on Charlie Gard. Sadly, the evidence in Charlie's case, confirmed by the American specialist flown in to examine him, was that the catastrophic brain damage he had suffered made further treatment futile. Few will forget the sight of Charlie's parent's coming to terms with that reality, and surely nobody would have blamed them for trying everything in their power to keep him alive.
Charlie died at 3.12 pm on 28 July 2017 in the company of his parents.


You could even double right click to act as the double click eventuelly.
using both mehods. none of them conflict together, so both could been implemeted for same time (right should act like a left double click, without removing the left double click of course). Its not required, its just taste of mind and a idea.
WOW! Looks great!! I totally missed this post last week!
And I'm can't tell anymore than about eventuelly issues :-). I'm look forward to the final game.
I got stuck and couldn't continue as I did not know how to un-select a number that could not join to another...as is was surrounded.
Would it help to have wildcard tiles that could become the tile required if joined to?
Just double click to remove or cancel a path.
Yep, you can easily cancel any path - created or while creating, by double clicking it.
It would be pretty difficult to create a puzzle that has no 1s or 2s - I try to use them as little as possible, but they have to exist. In themselves they aren't puzzling, but longer pieces do rely on them to exist.
[EDIT] The version you played might be the older version, so things have been updated since then. The latest version is v0.06.
Just released a Halloween themed version for Windows pc and Pandora.
Windows pc version - See post #39 for current version.
As you can see the puzzle is now larger than the play area. Use Cursor Keys (or map click) to navigate.
[EDIT] Added map click to select chosen portion of the puzzle.
Map is a nice idea, but im dosent like the arrow idea, which is clumsy and quite slow me thinks (you can do keep that throught).
But instead or as a alternative, why not just do a single click on a area on the map you want see? In that why, you still will got a keyboard free game.
Im also thinks, now you have so big a map, do a auto save function when the user quit, and auto resume when the user launch the game again. Im not sure all players will do that in one run.
I didn't have time to implement two other control schemes - arrows at the edges of the screen and clicking on the map. They will be both be added when I get time.
This is still very much WIP though, so there's likely to be many more changes.
There is a save system in place already. I'm not going to constantly save the state of the game just in case a user decides to quit.


Invitation Ideas, Wedding Renewal Invitations was posted January 2, 2018 at 5:18 am by superbowl-commercials.co . More over Wedding Renewal Invitations has viewed by 318 visitor.
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Q: How do you extract the initial weights used in the model? FRom the documentation I found that after contruction of a model, the weights are initialized by calling TFNetwork.initialize_params. I am wondering if there is an API to extract these weights?

A: There is TFNetwork.save_params_to_file. Is that what you want?
Otherwise, you can simply access all the params individually. E.g. via TFNetwork.get_trainable_params, or TFNetwork.get_param_values_dict, or TFNetwork.get_layer(layer_name).params, etc.


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El Museo del Holocausto, Guatemala fue fundado por Yahad-In Unum y abrió sus puertas en enero de 2016. Ubicado en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de Guatemala, el Museo ha recibido desde entonces a más de 6,000 estudiantes y a capacitado a más de 500 profesores sobre el Holocausto.

El Museo y su Programa Educativo organiza visitas guiadas para estudiantes, capacitaciones para maestros, realiza exhibiciones temporales y lidera en Latinoamérica la enseñanza del Holocausto por Balas, un capítulo relativamente desconocido del Holocausto.

El Museo desarrolla herramientas educativas en español para la enseñanza del Holocausto a nivel nacional y regional y trasmite los avances las investigaciones de su asociación fundadora Yahad-In Unum, traduciendo esos resultados y sus herramientas educativas al español para hacerlas accesibles a los países de habla hispana.

Misión
El museo tendrá como objetivo de enseñar a las nuevas generaciones el genocidio cometido contra las judíos y las persecuciones y matanzas cometidas contra los gitanos y otras víctimas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Visión
Trascender como una institución que sea autoridad en la temática relacionada con la memoria histórica de los genocidios, la tolerancia y los Derechos Humanos; tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.

Acerca de Yahad in Unum
Juntos en uno Yahad – In Unum combina la palabra en hebreo «Yahad» que significa «juntos» con la frase en latín «In Unum» que significa «en uno». Fundada en el 2004 por el internacionalmente renombrado activista humanitario Padre Patrick Desbois, Yahad es una organización mundial que hace conciencia sobre los sitios de ejecuciones de judíos y gitanos realizadas por las unidades de matanza nazis en Europa del Este durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este fue el famoso «Holocausto por balas», el prototipo para la subsiguiente enfermedad del genocidio moderno. Las masacres en Camboya, Ruanda, Darfur, los Balcanes y Siria han sido modeladas después de las tácticas sistemáticas llevadas a cabo durante el «Holocausto por balas».

Investigando y exponiendo la evidencia de estos horribles, pero poco conocidos crímenes en contra de la humanidad, estamos dando conclusión a la memoria de las víctimas. Por otra parte, trabajamos para extender la conciencia universal sobre la necesidad de reconocer y denunciar la actual epidemia de genocidio mundial. Yahad – In Unum es la única organización cristiana en el mundo dedicada a esta solemne causa.

El objetivo de este trabajo es: Fundamentar un «Holocausto por balas» o ejecuciones masivas de judíos que ocurrieron fuera de los campos de concentración nazis, proporcionar evidencia de las ejecuciones masivas para responder a los que niegan el Holocausto hoy y mañana, brindar el debido respeto a los lugares de entierro de las víctimas y permitir su preservación y diseminar y ayudar a aplicar las lecciones universales acerca del genocidio derivadas del trabajo de Yahad – In Unum.

Patrick Desbois
Padre Patrick Desbois ha dedicado su vida a investigar el Holocausto, a luchar contra el antisemitismo y promover las relaciones entre católicos y judíos. Padre Desbois es un sacerdote católico y presidente de Yahad – In Unum, una organización humanitaria mundial que fundó en el año 2004 dedicada a la identificación y conmemoración de los sitios de ejecuciones masivas de judíos y gitanos en Europa del Este durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.  El padre Desbois es profesor en la Universidad de Georgetown, y él está en la facultad del Centro para la Civilización Judía. También funge como director del Comité Episcopal para las Relaciones Católico-Judías, bajo el auspicio de la Conferencia de Obispos Franceses. Él es nieto de un prisionero francés de la Segunda Guerra Mundial que permaneció en el campamento de Rawa Ruska en la frontera entre Polonia y Ucrania. En el 2004 comenzó a investigar la historia de los judíos, gitanos y otras víctimas de asesinatos en Europa oriental durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial llevados a cabo por las unidades móviles de matanza nazis, los Einsatzgruppen. Su trabajo a través de Yahad ha sido reconocido por medio de numerosos premios y comentarios públicos en Francia y en todo el mundo.

Véase también
Anexo:Museos en Guatemala

Referencias

Ciudad de Guatemala
Museos de Guatemala
Museos judíos
Museos inaugurados en 2016