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Yemisi Ajoke Ebunola Anna Wilson, född 8 mars 1968 i London, England, är en svensk skulptör och tecknare, bosatt och verksam i Stockholm.

Biografi
Yemisi Wilson föddes i London, England, 1968, av en nigeriansk far och en svensk mor, och växte upp på Kungsholmen i Stockholm.

Hon är konstnärligt skolad i Florens och Pietrasanta, Italien, där hon var verksam ett tjugotal år. Hon studerade fri konst inledningsvis vid skolorna Il Bisonte Scuola grafica (1990-1991) och Scuola Libera del Nudo (1992-1993) i Toscana, varefter högre studier vid Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze (1994-2000). inklusive Facultad de los artes libres, Granadas universitet, i Granada, Spanien (1997-1998).

Sedan 2000-talet är hon bosatt och verksam på heltid i Stockholm men med många skulpturarbeten förlagda till Pietrasanta.

Konst
Yemisi Wilson gör föreställande skulptur i marmor och brons.

I hennes tidiga konstnärskap inriktade hon sig på möten mellan människor och djur. Med tiden övergick alltmer till att gestalta endast djur, ofta i form av större, exotiska däggdjur som elefanter, noshörningar och apor. I hennes arbete ingår att handplocka stenar och föremål av andra material samt sedan en långvarig, försiktig process att omforma dem utifrån deras förutsättningar till den bild eller varelse hon redan skönjer i blocket från början:

Bland hennes uppdragsgivare och beställare ingår offentliga som Statens konstråd och privata som fastighetsbolaget Klövern. Hon har även haft flertal uppdrag utomlands, både offentliga som till exempel på stora torget i staden Fabiano i Toscana och privata.

Yemisi Wilson är medlem i Skulptörförbundet, Bildupphovsrätt i Sverige, Svenska konstnärernas förening och Svenska konstnärer.

Utställningar i urval
Såväl grupputställningar som separata.
 2016: Artspace Varberg
 2015: Skulptörförbundets jubileumsutställning 40 år
 2014: Artigianart, skulptörer och konsthantverkare i Pietrasanta (se video nedan)
 2013-2014: Kunstgalerie Bachlechner, Zurich
 2012: Global Stone Workshop Exhibition, Gallery Hagman, Stockholm
 2011: Svenska institutet, Villa Borghese, Rom
 2010: Galleri Kompass, Stockholm
 2009: Rosa Parks Museum, Montgomery, Alabama, USA: "Civil Rights" - International Sculpture from Pietrasanta
 2008: Symposium of sculpture, Calcinaia, Pisa
 2006-2007 Galleri Näset Rådmansö, Stockholms skärgård
 2005: Liljevalchs Formbart, Stockholm
 2004: Stockholm Art Fair, representerad av Galleri Svarta Soffan
 2003: Torre di Malaspina, Fosdinovo, provinsen Massa, Italien
 2002: Kungsholmens Polishus, Stockholm
 2001: Volvo Showroom, Kungsträdgarden, Stockholm
 2000: Galleri Svarta Soffan, Stockholm
 1999: Sindacato Autonomo della Polizia
 1998: Konst & Design galleriet, Stockholm
 1997: La Cripta, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florens

Utmärkelser
 II:a priset i skulptur för Sindacato Autonomo della Polizia vid Piazza del Carmine, Florens, Italien (1999)

Externa länkar
Officiell webbplats
Intervju med Yemisi Wilson av MuSA Pietrasanta (italienska; engelsktextad)

Referenser

Födda 1968
Kvinnor
Svenska skulptörer under 1900-talet
Svenska skulptörer under 2000-talet
Personer från London
Levande personer
Svenska tecknare under 1900-talet
Svenska tecknare under 2000-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
View from the Kop
live4-liverpool-logo-final
LFC News
Kevin Campbell tips Oxlade-Chamberlain for Liverpool exit this summer
Chloe Chadwick | 18:42 22/04/22
Sky Sports pundit Kevin Campbell has suggested that Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain should leave Liverpool during the upcoming summer transfer window.
The Lowdown: Out of action
The 28-year-old, whose contract at Anfield is set to expire in 2023, was completely left out of the Reds' 4-0 victory against Manchester United earlier this week, and has only made one of their last four matchday squads in all competitions.
As a result of this, Campbell believes that now would be the perfect time for the £125k-per-week talent to depart Merseyside in the hunt for more minutes.
The Latest: Campbell's comments
When asked for his thoughts on the situation, the former striker told Football Insider:
"I cannot see him staying.
"He won't be in that World Cup squad because he isn't playing enough football.
"This is the risk you take when you go and join a contender. If you have injuries or are not consistent you will get left behind. Someone will take your place. You will find yourself not involved. You will find yourself on the bench and scrapping for game time.
"I think the time has come for him to play elsewhere. If he waits until the end of his contract, fair enough. The writing is on the wall though."
The Verdict: Right time to go
Oxlade-Chamberlain has been a great servant to the 19-time English champions since arriving from Arsenal back in 2017, but now would be the right time for him to go, should he want to have any chance at reviving his career.
The 35-cap international has only made nine Premier League starts under Jurgen Klopp this season, and now with the likes of youngsters Harvey Elliot and Curtis Jones coming up through the ranks in that midfield position, not to mention the imminent signing of Fulham ace Fabio Carvalho, it would seem like his time at Liverpool may have reached an end.
Despite being hailed as "outstanding" by the German boss, it's obvious to see that the £16.2m-rated star has dropped down the pecking order in recent weeks, and if he has any ambitions to somehow make Gareth Southgate's World Cup squad later this year, then he will have to start looking for regular football elsewhere in an attempt to prove that he can still be the player he once was.
In other news, there has been a huge transfer update on one of Liverpool's summer targets. Read more here.
Chloe Chadwick
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>Visit Chloe Chadwick's Twitter page
Liverpool: Klopp tempted by January raid for Konrad Laimer
Sam Wilson | 3 months ago
Liverpool: Predicted XI vs Napoli
Liverpool: Jurgen Klopp delivers disappointing Joel Matip injury update

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In 2017, Centre Sciences with the collaboration of some mathematic researchers and laboratories, intends to develop new topics and experiences to upgrade the physical exhibition "Mathematic of Planet Earth". There will increase public awareness of the crucial role of mathematics sciences to understand and manage the main Earth's issues. There will allows teachers, students or public organizations to share interest and knowledge on a cultural and scientific event in numerous places.
We propose here to upgrade this exhibition with new experiences and presentations. There will be documented with technical specifications, pictures and illustrations, mains ideas and more to know on subject and scientific references to presented research in progress.
You'll find in the pdf all the contents and few pictures but some hands-on are allways in prototype step; we previous to set up the exhibition in complete version with the CDT in Imperial College of London in october. More pictures, vidéo and technical informations will be published on Imaginary platform asap.
2 - A solid core for the Earth:hands-on experience "Travelling through the Earth" with a green laser to simulate the trajectory of a seismic wave inside the Earth. Here visitors explore the internal structure of our planet and provide the shape of the Earth's core.
3 - Digital sundial:on a table, the hands-on "Read the time in the shadow of the Sun" is allowing us to reproduce the course of the Sun, a digital sundial based on a three-dimensional fractal surprises by displaying the hourly figures.
4 - Lorenz's chaotic mill:with the hands-on experience "Lorenz's chaotic mill", a sand mill illustrates the chaotic behaviour like the Lorenz's mill. Visitors can play with a real model, and follow explanations extracted from the film Chaos.
6 - Resist to earthquakes:on the hands-on "7 on the Richter' scale", visitors test a small building under a seismic waves P or S, observing how theses waves are propagating in the structure of tower.
7 - Mechanical soliton: hands-on "Waves that keep the shape" is a chain of simple pendulums coupled to a torsion spring makes it possible to see the propagation of one or more waves.


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Хибати (другой вариант произношения — хибачи) — традиционная передвижная японская печь для обогрева и приготовления еды, традиционно располагавшаяся в центре помещения.

Характеристика
На начальном этапе своего развития (794—1185 гг.) представляла собой просто горшок с тлеющими углями, который ставили в центр комнаты. На дно чаши насыпали песок, сверху клали раскаленные угли, наверх ставили металлическую решётку и готовили на ней пищу. Более усовершенствованный и более многофункциональный вид хибати приобрели в конце XIX века.

На территории современной России хибати были популярны среди японских колонистов Сахалинa (Карафуто) и Курил, а также среди корейцев на Дальнем Востоке. Русские поселенцы, впрочем, считали подобный способ отопления примитивным: переносные печи японского образца давали относительно мало тепла, вследствие чего температура окружающих их помещений была довольно низкой и русские, в том числе по описаниям российских пленных времён русской-японской войны, серьезно страдали от холода. Японцы в целом предпочитают спать в прохладных помещениях и редко отапливают спальни, в том числе из-за соображений экономии. Кроме того, небольшой размер хибати позволяет готовить еду небольшими порциями.

Хибати часто путают с ситирином и теппанъяки.

Примечания

Печи
Японская кухня


Aahhh he's gorgeous, love freckles and auban hair.
Looks like a young English man on the lawn at Kenwood House. Complete with furrowed brow and New York City aspirations! Come to "America" and stay with me!
Merely suspect that HARRY SMITH likes to hide under dark American jeans. OH ! He is obviously a make up model. Or, a model with requiring make up. Suspicions not wrong. Looks like a FUN guy.
Cute, natural teenager with freckles and reddish hair. Lovely. I'd like to see him smile, though.
Beautiful skin, but poor Harry has what my grandparents would of called a 'pigeon chest'.


The following activities are open to all identified Gifted and Talented students for the 2018-2019 school year.
Students complete exercises in vocabulary enrichment and may choose to take a test at the end the activities to compete at the building and district level.
Students learn problem solving strategies and may compete in a national problem solving competition.
Students are given math problems to sharpen their fluency and problem solving skills. A competition will be held in April 2015.
Students form teams of 4-6 participants and read from a pre-determined list of 40 books. Students are quizzed at a regional competition with other schools. The highest scoring teams advance to the district Battle of the Books final competition.
Parent Child Workshops are designed to be attended by the parent and the child together focusing on a common interest. Your choices will be sent at a later date.
During the three months, students attempt to read 20 books from a selected list to receive medals and ribbons.
Teams of 4-8 students take a test consisting of 100 questions on a self scoring computer disk. Each region will send the winning team to the finals. The final competition consists of buzzer rounds.
Students have the opportunity to compete in a grade level Spelling Bee at the building level. The top spelling at each grade level will advance to the district finals.
Students interested in science create a display describing some scientific event or experiment and present it at a science fair. Competitive students may choose to have their projects judged by experts.
The tournament is open to all GT students who have a basic understanding of the rules of chess from beginner to advance.
Students choose a topic of interest and conduct research. This independent study culminates with a one-night showcase exhibition.
NOTE: Dates and location are subject to change depending on availability.


Did you know that in addition to Internet Sweepstakes that some of your favorite TV shows also hold their own cash and prize sweepstakes? I'll be the first to admit that as a single guy I didn't know what to expect from Ellen Degenres Twelve Days of Giveaways Sweepstakes but I'm never one to shrink from a challenge.
Season 10 on The show kicks off on September 10th and amongst the fun festivities that Ellen has planned for this season is another installment of her 12 Days Of Giveaways. And if you're persistent AND you're lucky you could win tickets to be in the house when she's getting all generous and then suddenly you're living it up with a movie star with your own personal gift bag with awesome prizes and toys.
You'll want to visit the website to enter the sweepstakes to win a trip to the festivities; every day there will be winners of a two tickets PLUS hotel accommodations and airfare to Los Angeles to attend a live taping of these special shows.
Any die hard Ellen fan knows that she gave Matt LeBlanc a Design Toscano Bigfoot statue.
Then I go ahead and fill in the regular stuff- name, address, phone number, email, birthday etc. I agree to all terms and conditions. I'm over twenty one, I've read and accept the official rules etc, etc.
Now comes the hard part "Tell us why you deserve to win." And I've only got 2000 characters to do it. That's not even 15 Tweets!
Look, on day one alone she's giving away a $300 gift card to Retail Me Not, $500 gift card to Restaurant.com, $500 JC Penny Gift cards and more.
You can check out the official rules here.
And of course watch the show for even more details and opportunities to get a piece of the action.
Have you ever won anything in a TV sweepstakes? Are you planning on entering the Ellen Degenres Show Twelve Days Of Giveaways Sweepstakes?


carbide gray metallic 2016 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Limited AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VOdometer is 5134 miles below market average! 26/36 City/Highway MPGAwards:* 2016 IIHS Top Safety Pick+ * ALG Residual Value Awards * 2016 KBB.com Best Resale Value Awards * 2016 KBB.com 10 Best Sedans Under $25,000 * 2016 KBB.com 10 Best All-Wheel Drive Vehicles Under $25,000 * 2016 KBB.com Brand Image AwardsReviews:* Standard all-wheel drive in a segment where it's extremely rare to even be an option; excellent outward visibility; high-tech safety features work well and are widely available throughout the lineup; top crash test scores. Source: Edmunds Please contact our Internet Manager Gemma Boyce with any questions and to schedule your VIP Appointment.


Please make checks or Money Orders in US Dollars payable to: Ducie DX-pedition.
For our friends outside the USA please use Paypal by completing the form below or e-mail for wire transfer instructions .
Any person donating US$50 or more to Ducie Island 2018 DX-pedition, will have the QSL automatically receive the QSL for all QSOs, free of charge. These donors do not need to request QSL cards or take any action to redeem the QSL. The QSL manager will post these cards to all $50 donors as soon as the cards are ready.
Any person donating $200(USD) or more will receive a memento from the team and be identified as a Premier Donor on the web site.


The Ke Leuven University is inviting applications for PhD Scholarship 2019 to study in Belgium. The PhD-fellow will work in the research context of the research group ARP (Architectural Cultures of the Recent Past) at KU Leuven's Department of Architecture and the Centre for Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Culture at KU Leuven's Institute of Philosophy.
The fellowship for which funding is available aims to develop an analysis of how the post-war world engaged with the notion of space. The PhD-fellow will focus on the role of émigré intellectuals and architects importing ideas into the post-war American educational context.
The following paths of analysis stand central: (I) the initiation and adaptation of concepts of space in varied didactic contexts (architectural laboratories, classrooms, lectures); (II) the interaction between different artistic media (architecture, cinema, painting, installations).
Course Level: award is available to pursue PhD Degree program.
Study Subject: The studentships are awarded to study in Architecture.
Award: Ke Leuven offers a fulltime (100%) PhD funding for 1 year (extendable up to 4 years in total after a positive evaluation).
Nationality: The grant is available for Belgium citizens.
Eligible Countries: The grant is available for Belgium citizens.
The motivation to pursue creative work in the history of spatial aesthetics and architectural theory.
An explicit interest in developing the following research question: how and why was the concept of space set in motion, shaped and modified in the period 1945-1980, the confusing 'interregnum' between modernism and postmodernism?
A Master (or equivalent) in Architecture, Philosophy, Art History, Intellectual History or Cultural History and academic distinction. Experience with archival research is a plus.
The ability to present research results at international conferences and to publish in peer-reviewed journals.
The ability to play an active, collaborative role in the research group Architectural Cultures of the Recent Past, ARP (including its seminars and conferences).
An excellent command of English, proficiency in French and/or German, a willingness to learn Dutch is a plus.
How to Apply: Enthusiastic and cooperative persons meeting the criteria are kindly invited to apply online. Include a motivation letter, a CV, the names of two referees whom we might approach prior to appointment, and a sample piece of writing not exceeding 12.000 words (e.g. an MA thesis chapter). The deadline for applications is October 31. We will hold interviews with a number of selected candidates soon thereafter. In preparation of the interview, these candidates will be given a short research assignment to assess their research skills. The target start date is January 1, 2019.


Milkcake is a sweet dessert prepared from Milk. Sweet dishes from milk tastes good and very rich also.
Finely chop badam and pistachios and keep aside. Grease a plate and keep ready.
Boil the milk by stirring to avoid burning at the bottom.
Now add lemon juice and keep stirring until it starts curdling. Once milk starts curdling stop adding lemon and keep stirring.
You can also remove some whey (water content in the curdled milk) to reduce the tartness in Milkcake.
Keep stirring the curdled milk until the 3/4 whey in it is evaporated.
Add sugar to the mixture and stir for 3-4 mins.
Milkcake becomes little watery after adding sugar. Keep stirring.
Lower the flame and boil for 2 mins with stirring.
When the mixture thickens, Milkcake is done.
Now add ghee and elaichi powder and mix well.
Transfer the Milkcake into the greased plate and pat well to make even surface.
Sprinkle the chopped badam, pista on it, press gently and allow to cool.
Use nonstick pan to avoid burning at the bottom. You can add nuts of your choice in addition. You can remove the whey from curdled milk and use it in other recipes or to make chapati dough etc., as whey is very rich in protiens.


This recipe for Cranberry Glazed Pork Loin Roast, by Carolyn Miller, is from Recipes from Vicksburg and Beyond , one of the cookbooks created at FamilyCookbookProject.com. We help families or individuals create heirloom cookbook treasures.
Combine cranberry sauce, apple jelly, mustard, crushed bouillon cubes, horseradish, garlic powder and thyme in saucepan and bring to boil.
Line baking pan with foil and place pork loin in pan with fat side up. Sprinkle loin evenly with salt and pepper. Use a pastry brush and spoon to completely coat the roast with the cranberry sauce mixture.
Cook until pork is no longer pink in center, about 45 to 50 minutes (meat thermometer should read 145 degrees when inserted in center of roast - I bake it 15 minutes per pound). Baste every 10 minutes with sauce.


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A market view of US crude exports
Although the volume of US crude exports is falling, there is still international demand for US crude, most notably in Europe, which has overtaken Asia as the largest regional buyer.
Jeff Kralowetz, VP, crude and NGLs, connects with Amanda Hilow, senior reporter, to discuss how trade patterns for exports leaving the US Gulf coast continue to evolve. They cover Corpus overtaking Houston as the top export location, waterborne prices diverging from pipelines, and increasing volumes of crude headed to storage in the Caribbean before reaching destinations around the world.
Blog post: How much is a barrel of oil?
Jeff: Hello, everybody. And welcome to the latest in our series of podcasts on trends in the global crude markets. Today, we're joined by our Houston-based U.S. crude waterborne reporter Amanda Hilow, and she's gonna discuss what's happening with what was until very recently, a very rapidly growing U.S. crude export market. So, welcome, Amanda.
Amanda: Thanks, Jeff.
Jeff: And I think the first question has to be about Covid[-19] and the reduced demand for crude around the world. How is all that affecting U.S. crude exports?
Amanda: So, we're definitely starting to see total export volume fall, although there is some disagreement on exactly how quickly it is. If you look at data from analytic firms, like Vortexa and their competitors, indications are between 2.3 and 2.9mn b/d. But at the same time, EIA data is showing a lot stickier of a number for outbound exports with April and May hovering around a 3.5mn b/d average.
Jeff: Okay. Well, thanks a lot. Now, whether Vortexa and their consultants are right or EIA is right, whatever the real number, where do we see the demand for crude exports going forward?
Amanda: Well, going forward, we expect to see some shift towards Asia-Pacific as storage hubs like Singapore and China start to fill up with cheap price crude as the Britain by spread narrows. So, this is opening up the arbitrage again for U.S. grades like Bakken and WTI.
But in the first quarter of this year when Covid-19 had first began running rampant across global markets, but before we saw any major declines in physical crude flows, we actually saw Europe take over enough market share from Asia to become the top destination for U.S. crude as a whole. And this was particularly elevated in the Netherlands, which became the top buyer of U.S. crude behind Canada in March.
And I really just... I want to plug this in right now because it reflects how Rotterdam is burgeoning as a market for U.S. grades like Bakken and WTI, which are now competing on a delivered basis with West African crude and with more traditional North Sea grades.
And it's highlighting how WTI is ultimately building its prominence as a global crude benchmark while stakeholders across the globe turn away from the more traditional BFOE grades in the Dated Brent benchmark. And one of our colleagues in London actually wrote a great blog post about this recently. I think it would be a great idea for our listeners to check out as they have time.
Jeff: Okay. Super. Now, so you've told us a little bit about where this stuff is going, where the U.S. exports are going, but one of the places it seems to be going is to storage in the Caribbean. And I think that's an area a lot of us don't know much about, what storage exists in the Caribbean and what's happening there.
Amanda: Yes. So, we've been seeing a renewed flurry of tankers heading from the U.S. Gulf coast to the Caribbean with the main outlets being Saint Lucia, St. Eustatius, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where there's a 34mn barrel operational storage terminal. We expect this trend to continue in the near-term as Curacao is preparing to tender another 25mn barrels of crude storage capacity at Bullen Bay, as PdVsa's lease on the La Isla refinery expired last December.
And Aruba may also list another 10 tanks, totaling 6.4mn barrels of crude storage. And then they're working to repair another seven tanks after that that could add 4.2mn barrels. So, there's really just an endless supply of storage capacity that U.S. crude could be heading for the near-term. One interesting question that I've gotten recently is whether this crude can be re-imported to the United States and what regulations it has to abide by.
And I just want to note that, particularly for the Virgin Islands, there is no extra cost around freight to re-import this. If that's what market participants choose to do, they don't have to use Jones Act tankers. So, they can use cheaper foreign-flag vessels. That remains an option. At the same time, this could be an intermediary stop for destinations in Asia.
One of the main charters from the U.S. Gulf coast to the Caribbean has been Unipec. So, we expect that they're buying U.S. crude on the cheap during the current low price environment with expectations that they'll load for Asia at a later date. Limetree Bay off of the U.S. Virgin Islands is actually another point for a single point mooring system that's capable of loading and unloading VLCCs. So, they could be sending it to the Virgin Islands with expectations that they'll load onto a VLCC and send to China later.
Jeff: Okay. Well, thanks a lot. That's a lot of really good detail that I certainly didn't have. Related to that, Caribbean storage, there's also floating storage. A lot of crude is going onto VLCCs to just wait for the market to get stronger. Do you have a feel for how much is going on to floating storage and how long it's likely to remain in floating storage?
Amanda: Absolutely. That's another growing trend that we've been seeing. We know that at least 240,000 b/d of exports in April were destined for a floating storage. And I'm counting so far another 260,000 b/d in May.
Based on the average time charter agreement, we expect that this crude will continue floating at least until the fourth quarter with the majority of the time charter agreements hovering between three to nine months. And then we're also seeing at least two tankers time chartered for a period of up to one year. So, ultimately, players have the option to wait until the price is right before they have to offload these cargoes.
Jeff: So, now let's talk about the horse race in the Gulf coast among the ports that are putting this crude out on the water. A lot of people know that Corpus [Christi] passed Houston as the number one exporting area about September of last year. Do you think that Corpus is going to stay number one or is there a scenario where Houston reclaims that position?
Amanda: That is a really great question. And I think it's important to note why Corpus is now the top exporter of U.S. crude before we can answer that. Corpus is now accounting for nearly half of the total exports. And this has been propelled by the recent pipeline projects out of the Permian Basin, including Epic, Cactus II, and Gray Oak pipelines.
That brought more than 2mn b/d of pipeline capacity from the Permian Basin to the Corpus area, whereas refining capacity in the region is only around 1mn bl and existing storage capacity is only 20 to 30mn bl.
So, all of that additional volume that's been committed on those new pipelines has to go out. At the same time, Houston has the ability to store up to 100mn barrels of crude, not including storage specific to refining. It's also home to around 20pc of the United States' total refining capacity.
So, the equilibrium in Houston isn't nearly as dependent on exports as it is in the Corpus area. And Houston does have the loading capacity for it to become the top exporter again, but we expect Corpus to dominate at least for the next year. And I'll tell you the reason why.
There are two main pipelines on track still to come online in 2021. This includes the Wink-to-Webster pipeline project and another expansion on Enterprise's Permian-to-Echo system. So, those two together will add another two million barrels per day of inbound capacity to the Houston area by 2021.
And ultimately, it's gonna depend on what the total commitments on these pipelines are as well as regional fundamentals like refining demand and storage capacity to see if that additional volume gets dedicated to exports, or if we end up consuming it domestically instead.
Jeff: Okay. And just on a related point, I have to ask about the LOOP. That's the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port. A lot of people know that that's the only facility in the Gulf coast right now that can fully load a VLCC. So, that being the case, why is the LOOP so far down the list of export locations in the Gulf coast?
Amanda: Another great question. I think it's really important for our listeners to remember that LOOP was originally built as an import hub. It's the primary destination point for mid-East grades, like from Saudi and from Kuwait. And that port only has one bi-directional pipeline that is responsible for both import and export operations.
So, in order to load a VLCC for export, LOOP has to completely haul import to do so. At the same time, LOOP exports are primarily made up of medium sour grades like Mars and Poseidon for which we already have a built-in demand center in Louisiana. So, it won't be until periods of lower demand like turnaround season that we'll actually start to see export interest rising out of LOOP.
And while all these obstacles remain for LOOP exports, market participants are still considering Moda's Ingleside terminal near the Corpus area is the most operationally efficient port for long haul cargoes as it can load 1.2mn barrels onto a VLCC pretty quickly, and it can load the remaining volume just through one ship-to-ship transfer.
Jeff: Perfect. Thank you very much. Last question. I think we ought to talk about pricing, and how are these export barrels priced at the Gulf coast? A lot of people will know that Argus has a WTI FOB on the water price assessment. We've had it for about two years now, but a lot of people may not understand what it represents. Is it just a loading cost plus the MEH price, or how does that work?
Amanda: That is my favorite question. Thank you for asking it. It's actually a common misconception in the market that the FOB price represents MEH plus loading cost. This is absolutely not the case. WTI FOB Houston is an assessment based on real deals, real bids, real offers, and we price it against not just WTI Houston but Ice Brent and CMA Nymex WTI as well.
It's important to remember that WTI FOB Houston reflects the meeting point of the domestic U.S. market and international markets as a whole, where demand for U.S. grades has been burgeoning since, I want to say, mid-2017. We'll see the FOB spread to the pipeline index fluctuate, depending on what domestic and global demand looks like.
Just recently during the May trade month, we saw FOB fall to a roughly $1/b discount to MEH on this drastic decline and demand caused by Covid-19. We saw a similar case in September 2019 when the U.S. and China were going through a trade war and Chinese buyers like Unipec had to back out of all their previously purchased U.S. volumes on expectations of additional tariffs.
So, ultimately, this spread is going to fluctuate depending on what the market looks like. And it's a great point for global shippers, global refiners, global producers just to look at as a mark-to-market index. And it will ultimately fluctuate depending on what price has to be made in order to spark a deal for these cargoes.
Jeff: Okay. Super helpful. Thank you very much to Amanda and thanks to all of you guys for joining us. We will be back soon with another one of these podcasts on trends shaping the world crude markets. Until then, thank you again for joining us.
Crude and jet fuel markets on the runway for price recovery
It may seem remote right now, but despite the recent unparalleled loss of global oil demand, economic forces will sooner or later conspire to rebalance the market as demand recovery takes hold and crude production in high-cost regions falls.
Oil products Crude oil Global Africa Asia-Pacific Europe FSU Latin America and Caribbean Middle East North America English
From the Economist's Chair: US shale – this time is different
US shale's decline and recovery trajectory from 2014-2017 is unlikely to be replicated this time around. A different market backdrop, financial pressures and sector consolidation all point towards a "hockey stick" path, with a steep decline and shallower recovery likely...
Crude oil North America English
Narrow arb blocks Canadian crude from USGC
Production cuts have supported Canadian crude prices at Edmonton and Hardisty, with the consequence of closing the arbitrage to the US Gulf coast.


text:
Issue 07-08-09 / 2020
Not Cancelled! — The Work of Art in the Age of Viral Propagation
Eduarda Neves
Immunity will be the great philosophical and political question after the pandemic
I. Viral capital — Connection to the ventilator
A coronavirus claims its place in the world. In the world of contemporary art, too. To SARS-CoV-2, which has brought forth Covid-19, we owe a certain program of metaphysical unveiling. Affected by our condition of hidden hosts, we are unaware of the processes through which the parasite transforms us into its equal. A game where exchanges are potentially undetermined. Arriving as a parasite, it infiltrates in the constitutive fabric of each of us. Intimately, it alters or destroys us. Deploying a biological approximation, the virus, housed in the organism of the host, in its heideggerian condition of being-there and being-in-the-world, reconfigures the interdependent relationships we establish with capital.
Much has been written about the pandemic already. Geopolitical and philosophical perspectives of conspiracy, solutions for a better world, denunciations that capitalism is not a humanism after all. Everything has been postponed, rescheduled. However, it was all already there, before the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, before the health crisis made the system's flaws visible: the unsustainability of the dominant mode of production we call capitalism, the crisis of financial markets, of agriculture, the crisis of health, of education, of transport and mobility, of work, unemployment and lack of purchasing power, industries that discharge tons of toxic waste into the atmosphere, excessive consumption of fossil fuels, climate change, the nuclear threat, population growth, inequalities in access to technology and the mystification of these same technologies, the weakness of the art world. History, as an inventory of problems, also shows us how to produce, master, and manipulate. Unsurprisingly, we are continuously given back the image of our own dissonant entry into the world:
"Man is a reserve, the strongest and most unified reserve in nature. He is a being-everywhere. And connected. United by a social contract, ancient philosophers observed, man is a great animal. From individuals to groups, we rise in height, but descend from thought into brute life, flamboyant or machinal, and it remains true that, by saying 'we', advertisement and the general public never really knew what they were saying or thinking; so we went beyond the critical dimension, but fell short on the scale of beings." [2]
Social, political, philosophical, and economic theories have proved in recent months to be "capitalised"; few have not felt the subject as "urgent" and have not adopted the speed of the market. Regarding the pandemic, Graham Harman has said that "there are moments when each of us should simply be quiet and listen, and it's important to recognise those moments when they arrive".[3] Perhaps the most immediately silent were the virologists and epidemiologists. The silence of those who have everything to do. To give time to the thought that is also action. Institutions, structures, and organisations endorse reinvention. "Reinventing", as a stereotyped advertising slogan, becomes the empty watchword exhaustively summoned by the agents of the art world and beyond, thus assuming the return to a mythical time, originally perfect, which we would have unexpectedly lost. But we didn't lose anything, because we hadn't won anything. The history of capitalism is also the history of its permanent capacity to reinvent itself or, if we prefer, the history of its eternal return. There's nothing new in the history of an economic system accustomed to crisis. The future will continue to belong to it.
Capital-sick, and often without recognising their own symptoms, artists, museums, galleries, foundations, and other structures in the visual-arts field have dedicated their respective confinements to the online promotion of streamings, virtual exhibitions, and openings, dissemination of collections and immersive tours, interactive catalogues and inclusive educational strategies. New audiences are claimed, art is propagated in the public space and in other varied urban projects. Some curators announce that, finally, the museum is everywhere. No one can be excluded from the game. The pandemic is not for experts. Instagram is our meeting place. The experience of an artwork is reduced to a like in a post. The dematerialisation of art turned into entertainment, pure virtuality in the form of content creation. Everything is appointed/scheduled, postponed and postponed again. And conversations, many conversations, in the form of ideas, conferences, meetings, debates, interviews, take place on online platforms. Artists, academics, museum directors, galleries, foundations, art fairs, programmers, collectors, curators, pro-active citizens, approach each other digitally, crossing experiences about art and public service. Communication, understood as an exchange of confident collective feelings in times of crisis, surpasses Netflix. The belief in the emancipatory potential of technology stages its interactive possibilities with art and yoga from home. Emerging digital artists replicate the leisure industry. Transformed into massmediology, the signifying machine in service of communication technology realises the illusion of progress and offers us technological operations as an experience that is at once mechanical, social, and economic. Everyone in front of a screen, artists and public, connected but disconnected. Online exhibitions, virtual exhibitions, become the paradigm of the experience of artworks that, transported to other geographies, other topoi, receive millions of visits. They promise other ways of seeing, a breaking with perceptive habits, a visual revolution in a single day.
Online visualisation, which turns presence into a disability. To experience, to look, becomes a way of navigating. Liking and not stopping. Without depth and without the depth of the surface, to summon Deleuze.
Experiencing the artwork as the thermal death of the business of art. The apparent democracy of machines dismisses us all. Offline. It doesn't seem impossible to develop a whole new theory of Einfühlung capable of exploring these new relations between art and "distracted perception", to write as Walter Benjamin. Unlike viral contagion, which acts through proximity, the online and massified experience of the artworks now makes them a kind of territory at a distance and without a battlefield.
Deterritorialized, the pandemic reterritorializes itself in cyberspace through the artworks that circulate the symptom which comes to us carrying our space-time shortcomings. They show us that it is the infinitely rich who continue to help the infinitely poor, repeating the lesson that without them we cannot keep living. Everyone kneels down. The fierce critics disappear from the gallery, the museum, the art market. Their importance is claimed, the capital remains the dominant resource, it becomes the mechanical ventilator of the artists, their vital factor. The machine that allows them to overcome respiratory failure. The promise of salvation that has always been. Capitalism, which annuls all collective effort, shows us that, after all, perhaps we are not all together:
"The construction of the reality of subjectivized capitalism is globally oriented towards competition for visibility. Visibility defines the spaces of action for the stimulation of impulses of envy—penetrating in the same way the terrain of daily consumer goods, money, knowledge, sports, art." [4]
II. From mass grave to group immunity
The internet is more and more sophisticated, it is archive and potency, it codifies the psychic instance of the master-slave dialectic, from which capitalism draws its strength:
"Maintaining order tends to depend less on military and policing machines than on the systems of regulation and normalization close to the people. In addition to some wild strikes and a certain incomprehensible percentage of delinquency, guided as they are by mass media, people keep themselves on a straight line by watching each other secretly. The alternatives between good, evil, social, associal, tend to be less prevalent than before. Therefore, dark fascism, the one with the swastika and the skull, has less chances of taking off." [5]
The uncertainty of global economy, economic scarcity, budget cuts, lack of public or private sponsors, repressive and micro-fascist policies, as Guattari wrote, will integrate art into the global world of services and servants. The ontology of online as psychopathology or as mass grave of artworks. The more life and art are diluted in the digital space, the more authoritarian is the neurotized propagation of corporate consensus to change communities, audiences, strategies, values, practices, institutions. This is the hegemony of neoliberalism in cyberspace, economic and monetary orders that take on the false appearance of a revolutionary
As a parasitic structure that reproduces itself in time, capitalism also reproduces itself in space. But by diminishing the possibility of globalization through travel, the art world will limit the physical proximity of connections.
Each one of us becomes a threat and will live without leaving home. Like SARS-CoV-2, we will be the image of capital, a living dead that covertly encloses us. This will be the next "glo-cal". In a system where parasites parasite each other, is it necessary to protect the host, believing in the temporary failure that will lead to recovery, or is it necessary to introduce in the system a transformation so strong that it implies the destruction of both the host and the parasites? Surviving between invisible barriers, the parasite politicizes itself:
"In its own life and through its practices, the parasite currently confuses use and abuse; it exercises the rights it attributes to itself, damaging its host, sometimes without interest to itself, and could destroy it without realizing it. Neither use nor exchange are of value to him, because he immediately appropriates things, and one can even say that he steals them, harasses them and devours them. Always abusive, the parasite." [6]
Confronting humanism as a perspective that places man at the centre of the universe – the heideggerian conception that takes it as a synonym for metaphysics or the tradition of humanism as "school of domestication of man", as Sloterdijk has called it [7] — now, it's thanks to a virus that another humanism is being contemplated: through digital platforms, the metaphysical dimension of technique is returned to us and the psychotic vocation of technology manifests itself, imposing its own code upon reality. It is this imperialism that promises to educate and promote rapprochement between men and people and access to art and truth, thus giving us back the image of capitalism as a ventilator through which we continue to breathe artificially. To not simply accept the order that precedes us and escape our own condition as a parasite is an overwhelming task.
If the virus can kill its host, it may also be able to free itself from the parasite. But a parasite can be understood as an element of transformation, "it interrupts a repetition and forks the series of iterations." [8] Alexander Kluge said that, with the pandemic, reality is put to the test, and the challenge is to know what sort of public sphere we want afterwards: "like other infectious diseases, Covid-19 showed that, in the community, as in the territory of art, we are not immune, that our immunity is not sufficient or, we could say, there are not enough people to resist." [9] In March, I wrote that, against the virus of capital, only a pandemic virus would be able to immobilize us at the speed of light. I asked, then, what was one important political problem that, to this day, capitalism was able to solve. The question remains. I'm concluding this text on July 1st 2020. The United States have just announced the purchase of a huge stock of Remdesivir, the medicine used to treat critically ill patients with Covid-19, in an amount that corresponds to almost all of the production for incoming months. Capitalism does not need to reinvent itself and, again, will not pay the costs of its erosion:
"While biological immunity refers to the level of the individual organism, the two social immune systems have to do with super-organistic transactions, i.e. cooperative humane transactions: the solidarity system guarantees legal security, existential prevention and feelings of kinship beyond respective families; the symbolic system guarantees compensation for the certainty of death and the constancy of norms beyond the limits of generations. The same definition also applies here: 'life' is the successful phase of an immune system." [10]
Before any artistic claim, we face an ethical imperative. In art, as in life, only group immunity can assert itself as a collective defense against this infection. It is also immunity that summons an outdated name: humanity or, if we prefer, solidarity.
Traduzido do PT por Rômulo Moraes, revisto por Diogo Montenegro.
Eduarda Neves has a degree in Philosophy and a PhD in Aesthetics. She is a professor of contemporary art theory and criticism, an area in which she has published various works, and an independent curator. Her research and curatorial activity crosses the fields of art, philosophy and politics.
[1] Peter Sloterdijk; Ana Carbajosa. "El regreso a la frivolidad no va a ser fácil". Interview. In: El País, May 9, 2020.
[2] Michel Serres. O Contrato Natural. Lisboa: Edições Piaget, 1994, p. 36.
[3] Graham Harman, "Tecrit ve Tehdit [Lockdown and the sense of Threat]". Interview. In: Baykuş: Felsefe Yazilari, May 6, 2020.
[4] Peter Sloterdijk. Cólera e Tempo. Lisboa: Ed. Relógio D'Água, 2010, p. 237.
[5] Félix Guattari. Líneas de fuga. Por otro mundo de posibles. Buenos Aires: Editorial Cactus, 2013, p. 129.
[6] Michel Serres. O Contrato Natural… p. 63.
[7] Peter Sloterdijk. Normas para el parque humano. Madrid: Ediciones Siruela, 2000, p. 52.
[8] See, for this purpose, the work of Michel Serres based on which we adopt this perspective: Michel Serres. Le Parasite. Paris: Hachette, 1997, p. 334.
[9] Alexander Kluge; Carla Imbrogno. Interview. In: Revista Ñ - Clarín, May 1st, 2020.
[10] Peter Sloterdijk. Tens de mudar de vida. Lisboa: Ed. Relógio D'Água, 2018, p. 551.
Image: Camille Henrot, Grosse Fatigue (still), 2013. Video, color, sound; 13:00 minutes. Courtesy the artist, Silex Films and kamel mennour, Paris/London. © 2016 ADAGP Camille Henrot.
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text:
Tomești (en , o col·loquialment Szenttamás, pronunciació hongaresa: [ˈtʃiːksɛntɒmaːʃ] ) és un municipi del comtat de Harghita (Romania). Es troba a la terra de Sículs, una regió etnocultural a l'est de Transsilvània. Porta el nom de Sant Tomàs. El municipi està format per un únic poble, Tomești.

Ubicació
El poble està situat a 22 km al nord de Miercurea-Ciuc vora el riu Olt. El seu nom es va esmentar per primera vegada el 1333 quan es va esmentar un sacerdos de Sancto Toma, un sacerdot de Sant Tomàs. El 1441, es registra amb els seus noms hongaresos com Zenth Thamas, el 1549 com a Szent Tamás. Fins al 1919, el seu nom romanès era Sântămas.

El poble formava part de la regió de la Terra Székely de la província històrica de Transsilvània. Va pertànyer al districte de Csíkszék fins a la reforma administrativa de Transsilvània el 1876, quan va caure dins del comtat de Csík al Regne d'Hongria. Després del tractat de Trianon de 1920, va passar a formar part de Romania i va caure dins del comtat de Ciuc durant el període d'entreguerres. El 1940, el segon Premi de Viena va concedir la Transsilvània del Nord a Hongria i Hongria va mantenir el poble fins al 1944. Després de l'ocupació soviètica, l'administració romanesa va tornar i la comuna va passar a formar part oficialment de Romania el 1947. Entre 1952 i 1960, la comuna va caure dins de la regió autònoma dels Magyar, entre 1960 i 1968 la regió autònoma de Mureș-Magyar. El 1968, la província va ser abolida i, des de llavors, la comuna forma part del comtat de Harghita.

Demografia
La comuna té una majoria hongaresa absoluta (sículs). Segons el cens del 2011 té una població de 2.553 habitants, dels quals el 99,37% o 2.537 són hongaresos. Antigament, va formar part de la comuna de Cârța, però el poble es va trencar en diversos el 2004.

Fites
 Les ruïnes de la torre de l'antiga església del poble (Csonkatorony) construïda a l'època de la dinastia Árpád són a 1 km del poble.
 La nova Església catòlica romana es va construir en estil barroc el 1778. L'església conserva diversos objectes d'art del  que pertanyien a l'antiga església. La més notable entre elles és una representació de la Santíssima Verge realitzada al segle XV. L'església està envoltada per una muralla fortificada.
 El llac Feneketlen (llac sense fons) que s'alimenta de l'aigua de les aigües termals es troba al peu del turó de l'església.

Agermanaments
El poble està agermanat

  Forráskút, Hongria
  Gyenesdiás, Hongria
  Tét, Hongria

Referències

Geografia de Transsilvània


text:
Surgical Repair of Coronary Artery Aneurysm After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Hiroichiro Yamaguchi, Hideto Yamauchi, Takafumi Yamada, Tsuneo Ariyoshi
Hiroichiro Yamaguchi
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Oita Prefectural Hospital
Hideto Yamauchi
Takafumi Yamada
Tsuneo Ariyoshi
Keywords: Coronary artery aneurysm,	Coronary artery bypass grafting,	Coronary stent implantation,	Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
2001 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 52-55
DOI https://doi.org/10.1253/jcj.65.52
Published: 2001 received: June 28, 2000 Released: June 01, 2001 accepted: August 30, 2000 [Advance Publication] Released: - corrected: -
Two cases of coronary artery aneurysm after percutaneous coronary intervention are presented. In both cases, follow-up coronary angiography revealed an expanding saccular aneurysmal formation and restenosis or a new lesion. Consequently, surgical repair and revascularization were indicated. The intraoperative angioscope was used to identify the aneurysm, which had not been visible on the heart surface in one case. Its optic fiber light was a useful guide, but little information was obtained from direct vision because of the small caliber of the angioscope. Plication of the aneurysm and bypass grafting distal to the aneurysm were performed. A whitish and thick-walled aneurysm was easily found in one case, in which ligation of the aneurysm was attempted with added distal bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful in both cases, and follow-up angiography showed disappearance of the aneurysm with patent grafts. There was a fragile thrombus inside both the aneurysmal sacs, which might have caused myocardial infarction and, therefore, justified the surgical repair of the aneurysm with concomitant revascularization. (Jpn Circ J 2001; 65: 52 - 55)
© 2001 THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY
The Nippon Journal of Clinical Angio-Cardiology
Edited and published by : The Japanese Circulation Society
Produced and listed by : Kawakita Printing Co., Ltd.


text:
Brian Keck
Brian Keck moved to the Monterey Peninsula from Sacramento in 2003 to attend Cal State Monterey Bay. He earned his BS in Business Administration and played Division II Golf for the University and fell in love with the area and has continued to build deeper roots. His passion for golf, finance and philanthropy landed him with The First Tee of Monterey County where he was the Development and Finance Assistant and helped underserved youth have a chance for a better future through golf and life skills education. He went on in 2011 to become the 1st Assistant Golf Professional at The Preserve Golf Club where his passion for player development and growing the game was strong. He grew into the Head Golf Professional role, and ultimately, the Membership Sales Manager where he enjoyed introducing new members to the Golf and Ranch Clubs. His nine years of experience at the Santa Lucia Preserve and the organic demand for him to serve members at a higher level led to his recent transition to real estate sales in The Preserve Community. His passion for the outdoors, golf and conservation led to him to move to The Preserve where he can best serve the Community. When he's not working, you can find him snowboarding, trail running, playing tennis, cycling, and most of all, golfing around the world.


A shape inspired by the Maasai culture, the Petite Paddle Threader Earrings feature a distinctive delicate hand-cast silhouette that loops through your lobes. These are earrings for everyday wear. Handcrafted in brass by artisans in Kenya using traditional techniques.


text:
Lypova Dolyna () è una località ucraina dell'oblast' di Sumy.

Storia
La città di Lypova Dolyna viene menzionata per la prima volta nel XVII secolo come villaggio di proprietà del magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki nel voivodato di Kiev. Il suo nome, Lypova Dolyna, deriva dal fiume locale Lypivka.

Nel 1647 il villaggio conteneva 150 iarde (abitazioni). La popolazione del villaggio partecipò attivamente alla rivolta di Chmel'nyc'kyj, dopo di che divenne parte del reggimento Myrhorod (una delle divisioni amministrative dell'Etmanato cosacco).

Nel 1658 Lypova Dolyna fu saccheggiata dai tatari. Più tardi fu una proprietà privata di vari ufficiali cosacchi (starshina). Nel 1764 l'imperatrice russa Caterina la Grande donò Lypova Dolyna a Kirill Razumovskij che cedette la sua autorità come atamano nello stesso anno. Nel 1785 il villaggio fu venduto al Tesoro russo.

Durante la seconda guerra mondiale fu sotto l'occupazione tedesca.

Divenne un insediamento di tipo urbano nel 1961.

Nel gennaio 1989 la popolazione era di  abitanti.

Nel gennaio 2013 la popolazione era di  abitanti.

Note

Altri progetti

Centri abitati dell'oblast' di Sumy


text:
Publishers Upset Apple's News+ Isn't Giving Them the Kickbacks Apple Promised
By Laura Tucker – Posted on Jul 2, 2019 Jul 3, 2019 in News
Apple released their News+ plus service with much fanfare earlier this year, a service they're charging users $10 a month to use. While their original news service is free, just as it's always been, now they have added premium magazines and newspapers and charging a subscription fee.
But it's not turning out as expected, at least not for publishers. They're not happy with with the kickbacks they're getting from Apple for being included. Publishers aren't getting near what was promised to them.
Promises Not Kept
The service launched last March, and nearly up until then there were still some publishers that they were being courted, with Apple making deals and promises. The publishers were worried they would be losing out on subscription fees. If users signed up for Apple's $10 monthly fee, they would have no reason to subscribe to that periodical.
A recent Business Insider report claims publishers were promised that in the first year of Apple News+ they would earn ten times the revenue they had made from Texture. However, it's not even close, with one publisher stating the revenue is "one-twentieth of what they said."
To Apple's credit, they are keeping an open dialogue with the publishers and letting them know what is going on with the service. They have admitted that "users are concerned about what is free and not."
As a user, I understand. I'm paying for the service and don't think I use it really other than referencing Wall Street Journal articles to write news articles a few times a week.
Apple could make it easier to find out what's free, and publishers as well want them to "make it easier for them to convert their magazine content for the app."
They'd also like Apple to encourage users to spend longer reading a magazine or newspaper since they are paid based on the length of time users spend reading their articles in the app. They probably don't like me very much then, as I copy my links and open them in a browser.
What surprised the publishers, however, is that Apple doesn't seem to be spending the time on the service that they should, as "Apple is known for taking a perfectionist approach toward its phones and other hardware," yet the publishers feel Apple News+ seems "unfinished."
Apple is promising publishers that they are "working on making the product more intuitive for users while addressing publisher-side concerns as well."
Fixing the Problems
Eddy Cue, Apple's senior vice president of Internet Software and Services, said last month that they had "hundreds" of people working on making the Apple News+ service better. They may have even more to work through than they realize, though, as when I first signed up for the service, I had to search through news articles to figure out how to do it, despite being an Apple News reader for years.
Maybe these are just growing pains they need to work out, however. When Apple Music first debuted, songwriters weren't very happy with them for what they were being paid, during users' free trial periods. But they eventually ponied up and gave them more.
Maybe that's what they need to do here, as well as work on the app more like they did with Apple Maps when users were less than enthused with it after its release.
What do you think Apple needs to do to fix Apple News+? Leave your thoughts in the comments.
New Malware, Agent Smith, Infected as Many as 25 Million Androids
New Vulnerabilities in VLC Allow Hackers to Access Your Computer
DHS: Foreign Governments May Be Spying on You Through Your VPN
Two New Tools Allow Hackers to Bypass Two-Factor Authentication
Huawei's Android License Revoked by Google, Leaving Them to Use Open-Source Version
How to Use the Tee Command in Linux
How to Compare Two Documents in Google Docs
It Wasn't Your Connection – Twitter Goes Down for an Hour
U.S. Government Agencies Use Driver's License Photos in Facial-Recognition Searches
Apple Provides List of Which Countries Made Most App Removal Requests
US Considering Outlawing End-to-End Encryption
Feeling Nostalgic? Commodore 64 will Be Released Again by End of Year
Instagram Defends Relevant Ads, Claim They're Not Result of Recording Users


The Supply Chain Division establishes the appropriate stock levels in coordination with each SBU. Warehousing and Logistic services are streamlined to ensure proper control and efficient treatment of customers' orders.
Receipts of purchased goods are controlled via a blind reception procedure by quantity, batch and expiry date. Storage conditions, including cold chain, are jealously respected and monitored by the Engineering & Maintenance Section. Mersaco provides comprehensive Distribution solutions supported by a solid infrastructure; we handle a large product portfolio covering pharmaceuticals and cosmetics categories.


What Is A Filterless Humidifier and Do You Need One?
Due to advancement in technology, Humidifiers have become popular. Initially, many people did not like filtered humidifiers because they used to be dirty, unhealthy and it filtered all mineral salts. For this reason, filterless humidifiers were introduced into the market. Many companies today prefer to manufacture filterless models due to its many advantages.
Actually, a filterless humidifier has the ability to keep the air moistened and clean at the same time. This feature makes them the best products for consumers. They apply an advanced cleaning technology where it uses electrostatic charge to remove any substance from the water.
What Is A Filterless Humidifier?
A humidifier is an electronic device that works to put moisture back in the air. This means that it is an essential product to help increase humid in the air to help your skin from drying up, especially during cold seasons.
Now, a filterless humidifier work without filters. In other words, unlike the traditional humidifiers that were fitted with filters to keep the mist clean, filterless ones do not have actual filters. Instead, they apply a different technology, where it cleans the mist without filters. They use electrostatic charge to remove any impurity from the mist.
All these different types are built for a particular use. The central humidifiers are designed to place directly into your home's air conditioning unit. It can also be placed in the heating unit as well. The evaporators blow moisture. The impeller humidifiers are considered as child friendly devices, because they emit cool mist. The steam vaporizers are budget friendly. The ultrasonic humidifiers are the same as impeller ones; the only difference is that, they produce cool mist with the help of ultrasonic vibration.
What Exactly Does A Filterless Humidifier Do?
As you probably know, there is more than one type of humidifier in the market today. However, the basic function of these products is emitting water vapor into the air hence increasing the level of humidity.
If is used correctly, it can help you in preventing dry skin, chapped lips, nose bleeding and any other conditions that are related to cold conditions. According to studies, it shows that it can help in reducing some snoring cases.
However, even though this products offer many benefits, you are advised not to keep your home too humid. It is advisable to know the required percentage needed on any particular season. Overdoing it will only increase condensation, insects and even molds into your home.
Many people do ask this question regularly. Well, the answer truly relies on you as the user. Do you want your body skin moist and smooth? Do you want to prevent chapped lips while you're at home? Well, if you want to prevent these conditions, you will need to get one.
At the same time, these products are considered healthy to you and your family. Owning at least one filterless humidifier is a good move.
How Do I select A Good Humidifier?
For you to select a good filterless humidifier, you have to do some research. However, before starting with your research, first be sure of what you want. In other words, try to know if you are looking for a product that will service the whole house or a particular room, and if you need to get one that's child-friendly. Your budget will also play a very big role here.
The video explains the difference between a humidifier and vaporiser and gives some tips on how to better take care of young kids in whatever season.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Understanding dynamics of quantum transfer through disordered, finite-size networks is important for understanding  spin and charge transport in quantum mesoscopic materials \cite{spin-charge1,spin-charge2,spin-charge3}, electron and exciton transfer through molecular wires \cite{wires1, wires2}, transfer of excitons to reaction centres in photosynthetic complexes \cite{photosyn1,photosyn2}, dynamics of quantum spins on graphs \cite{spingraph}, quantum random walks on graphs \cite{qwalk1,qwalk2,qwalk3} and the design of quantum circuits for quantum computation \cite{qcircuit1,qcircuit2,qcircuit3}. Previous studies of quantum dynamics in small networks have considered the role of network topology \cite{complex-networks-from-classical-to-quantum,network1,network2} and the role of an external environment \cite{qenvironment1, qenvironment2,qenvironment3}.
In particular, the experimental measurements of long-lived coherences in biological complexes stimulated much recent work exploring the possibility of environment-induced coherences and environment-assisted quantum transport \cite{EAQT1, EAQT2, EAQT3, EAQT4}. While environments generally lead to decoherence, it has been demonstrated that specific non-Markovian baths can accelerate quantum transfer through seven-member networks of Fenna-Matthew-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic aggregates \cite{Non-Mar1, Non-Mar2,Non-Mar3, EAQT3}. Similar observations have been made with qubit networks based on trapped ions subjected to controlled non-Markovian noise \cite{EAQT1}. The work with FMO aggregates has led to speculations that natural evolution has created the environments in photosynthetic complexes to be conducive to quantum transport of Frenkel excitons \cite{qevolution}. However, the combined effects or competition between topology and couplings to external systems have, to the best of our knowledge, not been investigated.

The present work is stimulated by the following question: if nature could evolve both the topology and the environment of a quantum network, what would it choose to accelerate quantum transport?
In addition to implications for energy transfer in photosynthetic aggregates, this question is important for the design of microscopic quantum devices for various applications \cite{qdevice1,qdevice2,qdevice3,qdevice4}.
To address this question, it is necessary to consider quantum dynamics in networks with variable topology coupled to variable environments.
This problem is difficult because the number of possible network configurations and external degrees of freedom grow quickly with the system/environment size, requiring an increasing number of quantum dynamics calculations with increasing difficulty to explore the solutions of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in the entire Hamiltonian parameter space. However, the evolution of quantum solutions in high-dimensional parameter spaces can be efficiently explored with machine learning, as was recently demonstrated for several problems \cite{mldim1,mldim2,mldim3,mldim4,mldim5,mldim6}.

Here, we build a microscopic model, where every degree of freedom, including  the positions of network sites and the couplings of each site to an external phonon bath, is a variable in an optimization problem.
We combine rigorous quantum dynamics calculations with a probabilistic machine learning approach that is designed to optimize simultaneously the  network configurations and the individual site couplings to the external environment.
More specifically, we consider three-dimensional networks of $N=4-8$ qubits, with each qubit coupled either to Holstein phonons  \cite{Holstein1, Holstein2} or Peierls phonons  \cite{Peierls}. An excitation is injected into the network through an input site and collected by a non-Hermitian boundary at the output site.
By treating the three-dimensional positions of qubits and effective phonon couplings as independent variables, we formulate a high-dimensional optimization problem that minimizes the excitation transfer time. The minimization is achieved by building Gaussian process (GP) models \cite{rasmussen-book} of the dependence of the transfer time on the independent variables and exploiting the properties of the resulting GPs for Bayesian optimization (BO) \cite{BO}.

This work builds on a series of papers that examined the role of the spatial arrangement of FMO sites on exciton transport through photosynthetic aggregates \cite{optnet1,optnet2,efftrans,2d-Peierls}.
The work of Scholak \textit{et al.} \cite{optnet1} has also examined in detail the effect of the non-Hermitian sink on the excitation transfer dynamics. We use the work of Scholak \textit{et al.} \cite{optnet1} to calibrate our results, illustrate the performance of BO and choose the optimal sink Hamiltonian parameters. The present study also builds on the work by Kurt \textit{et al.} \cite{efftrans} that examined the effect of Holstein phonons and the work of Mozafari \textit{et al.} \cite{2d-Peierls} that examined the effect of Peierls phonons on energy transfer through small networks. Our intermediate results for phonon-free networks or networks with fixed site positions are consistent with previous observations \cite{optnet1}.
Our global optimization results illustrate that (1) sub-optimally arranged networks can benefit from both Holstein and Peierls phonons; (2) optimal networks benefit from Peierls phonons for $N \leq 5$; (3) optimal networks do not benefit from phonons of either kind as $N$ increases beyond 6. We show that, for such networks, Peierls phonons distort the optimal configurations and change the mechanism of energy transfer but do not affect the lower limit of the transfer time.

\newpage

\section{Calculation details}

\subsection{Network properties}

We consider a system of $N$ qubits, including an input site and an output site placed on the opposite sides of a cube with edge length $D$, with the remaining qubits arranged
within the cube. Each qubit represents a two-level system with excitation energy $\epsilon_i$.  We denote the position of qubit $i$ by $\bm r_i$ and the coupling between sites $i$ and $j$ by $V_{ij}(\bm r_i, \bm r_j)$. Each qubit is coupled to local Holstein and nonlocal Peierls phonons.
The full Hamiltonian $H=H_S+H_{B} +H_{SB}$ includes the following terms:
\begin{align}
         H_S &= \sum_{i=1}^N \epsilon_i a^{\dagger}_i a_i + \sum_{\substack{i=1,\\j>i}}^N V_{ij} (a^{\dagger}_i a_j + a^{\dagger}_j a_i),\\
         H_B &= \sum_{i=1}^{N}\hbar\omega_{i,H}b_{i,H}^\dagger b_{i,H} + \hbar\omega_{i,P}b_{i,P}^\dagger b_{i,P},\\
        \begin{split}
        H_{SB} &= \sum_{i=1}^{N} g_H a^{\dagger}_i a_i(b_{i,H}^\dagger + b_{i,H})\\
        &+ \sum_{\substack{i=1 \\ j>i}}^{N} g_P(a^{\dagger}_ia_j + a^{\dagger}_ja_i )(b_{i,P}^\dagger + b_{i,P} - b_{j,P}^\dagger - b_{j,P}), \label{eq: Peierls}
        \end{split}
\end{align}
where $a_i^{\dagger}$  and $b_i^{\dagger}$ create an excitation and phonon, respectively, on site $i$.
We restrict the Hilbert space for the central system to a single excitation and work in the site basis $\{ \ket{i}, i=1\dots N\}$ which indicates that the excitation is on site $i$. For Hamiltonian $H_S$, we assume all site energies are the same and set $\epsilon_i=0$. The $V_{ij}$ couplings are assumed to be of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:V_ij}
    V_{ij}=\frac{c}{r_{ij}^3},
\end{equation}
where $c$ is a real constant, and $r_{ij}=|\bm{r}_{j} - \bm{r}_{i}|$ are the distances between sites $i$ and $j$.
The coupling strengths are chosen to simulate the dipole-dipole interactions responsible for exciton transport in Frenkel systems.
As we treat both $\bm r_i$ and $\bm r_j$ as variables, we omit the anisotropy of the dipole-dipole interaction without loss of generality.

For $H_B$ and $H_{SB}$, we consider a single vibrational mode with three phonon states on site $i$ with  frequency $\omega_{i,H}$ for Holstein phonons or $\omega_{i,P}$ for Peierls phonons. The first term $b_{i,H}^\dagger + b_{i,H}$ in Eq. (\ref{eq: Peierls}) is the dimensionless displacement of a Holstein phonon coupled to site $i$. The second term $b_{i,P}^\dagger +b_{i,P} - b_{j,P}^\dagger - b_{j,P}$ is the relative displacement between sites $i$ and $j$. The Peierls phonons directly modulate the hopping amplitude $V_{ij}$ between each pair of sites. For given phonon frequencies, the coupling parameters $g_H$ and $g_P$ determine the  interactions with Holstein and Peierls phonons, respectively. The coupling parameter $g_P$ in Eq. (\ref{eq: Peierls}) is chosen as $g_P=\alpha/r^3_{ij}$, where $\alpha$ is a fixed parameter. We scale $g_P$ by $1/r_{ij}^3$ to account for both nearest-neighbour and long-range interactions with phonons. This is different from the conventional Peierls model in one dimension that allows only nearest neighbour couplings.
To reduce the dimensionality of the problem, we restrict the motion of sites giving rise to Peierls phonons along the dimension joining the input and output sites.

The effect of coupling to phonons in lattice systems can be quantified by the dimensionless parameter $\lambda = 2g^2/(\hbar \omega_{\rm ph} t)$, where $g$ is the particle-phonon coupling, $t$ is the nearest neighbour hopping amplitude, and $\omega_{\rm ph}$ is the phonon frequency  \cite{lambda-couplings, sharp_trans, polaron_trans}. The values of $\lambda \gtrsim 1$ correspond to the strong coupling regime. It is, therefore, sufficient to vary either the coupling $g$ or the phonon frequency in our analysis. We choose to vary $\omega_i$ and  define an effective site-dependent coupling strength $\lambda_i = 2g_H^2/(\hbar \omega_i V_\text{max})$ for the Holstein couplings and $\lambda_i = \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{j \neq i}^N 2 \alpha^2/(\hbar \omega_i r^6_{ij} V_\text{max})$ for the Peierls couplings,
where $V_\text{max}$ is the maximum value of the hopping amplitude $V_{ij}$ in the disordered arrays considered here.
The values of $\lambda_i$ thus defined are used to quantify the effective strength of phonon-induced couplings. Note that for the Peierls case, $\lambda_i$ depends on both $\omega_i$ and $r_{ij}$ that are varied independently.
We attempted to optimize simultaneously $g_H \in [1,20]~\hbar~{\rm ps}^{-1}$, $\bm r_i$ and $\omega_i$ for the Holstein case and  $\alpha \in [1,20]~\hbar~$\AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$, $\bm r_i$ and $\omega_i$ for the Peierls case.
The optimal solutions converge to values of $g_H \in [1, 5]~\hbar$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\alpha \approx 15~\hbar$ \AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$. Guided by these results, we fix $g_H = 1.45~\hbar$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\alpha = 15~\hbar$ \AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$ for the final calculations.

\subsection{Transfer time}

We denote the input site as $|i=1\rangle = |\rm in \rangle$ and the output site as $|i=N\rangle = |\rm out \rangle$.
It is convenient to define the transfer time in terms of half the period of the Rabi oscillation between the input and output sites in the absence of any other qubits:
\begin{equation*}
    T = \frac{\pi}{2V_\text{min}}
\end{equation*}
where $V_{\rm min}$ is the strength of the coupling between $| \rm in \rangle$ and $|\rm out \rangle$.
To make the excitation transfer unidirectional, we follow Ref. \cite{non-hermit} to introduce
a non-Hermitian term $H_{\Gamma}=-i\frac{\Gamma}{2}\ket{\text{out}}\bra{\text{out}}$ with sink rate $\Gamma$ to the total Hamiltonian $H$.
This allows one to define  the $| \rm in \rangle \rightarrow | \rm out \rangle$ transfer time as
\begin{equation}
   \mathfrak{T} =\int_0^\infty (1-\mathfrak{p}(t)) dt= \int_0^\infty \sum_i^N \rho_{ii}(t) dt,
\end{equation}
where $\mathfrak{p}(t)$ is the sink population and $\rho(t)$ is the reduced density matrix for the central system. In order to compute the time evolution of the reduced density matrix,
\begin{align}
     \rho(t) &= \text{Tr}_B \{\ket{\Psi(t)}\bra{\Psi(t)}\}
\end{align}
where $\text{Tr}_B$ is the trace over the phonon degrees of freedom,
we diagonalize the total Hamiltonian $H$ and compute the time evolution of the full wave function as
\begin{align}
    \ket{\Psi(t)} &= e^{-iHt}\ket{\text{in}},
\end{align}
 where $\ket{\text{in}}=\ket{e_1}\otimes \ket{g_2}\otimes\dots \otimes\ket{g_N}$ with $\ket{g_i}$ ($\ket{e_i}$) being the ground (excited) state at site $i$.

To put our model in the context of the FMO system, we scale the parameters by real physical units. The input and output sites are $D=200$ \AA\ apart, which is roughly the diameter of the monomer. The minimal distance between neighbouring intermediate sites is 5 \AA\, accounting for the size of each complex. The excitonic coupling constant $c$ in Eq. (\ref{eq:V_ij}) is set to $c=10^{-6}~\hbar$ \AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$, and the corresponding 2-site benchmark time scale is $T=12.5$ ps. The sink rate $\Gamma$ is expressed in units of $1/T$. All phonon frequencies have the unit of ps$^{-1}$. In the following discussion, the transfer time and any time scales are written as a fraction of $T$.

\subsection{Bayesian optimization}

The transfer time $\mathfrak{T}$ described above depends on the configurations of intermediate sites $\bm R = [\bm r_2, \cdots, \bm r_{N-1}]^\top$, phonon frequencies $\bm \omega_H = [\omega_{1,H}, \cdots, \omega_{N,H}]^\top$ and $\bm \omega_P = [\omega_{1,P}, \cdots, \omega_{N,P}]^\top$, and the corresponding exciton-phonon coupling strengths. Our goal is to find the specific combinations of these parameters that minimize $\mathfrak{T}$. We adapt Bayesian optimization (BO), a global non-convex black-box function optimization method, to explore this parameter space. The site coordinates are sampled from $x_i,y_i,z_i \in [-\frac{D}{2},\frac{D}{2}]$, with the constraint  $|\bm r_i-\bm r_j|>r_\text{min}$.
Since we vary the phonon frequencies on each site independently, only one value of $g$ is chosen for all sites. The phonon frequencies are sampled from $\omega_i \in [1.25, 125] \,{\rm ps}^{-1}$. The sink rate $\Gamma$ is set as a predetermined value for each optimization run as described in the following section.

Bayesian optimization is a machine learning algorithm for optimizing functions that do not have a closed-form expression \cite{BO2}. It is particularly useful when the objective function is expensive to evaluate. For a discussion of applications of BO to quantum problems, see Ref. \cite{bo-pccp}.
The main idea behind BO is to build a probabilistic model for the target function $f(\bm{\theta})$, where $\bm{\theta}$ includes all the variable parameters. The optimization is initiated with a set of (randomly selected) pairs $\{\bm{\theta}_i,\mathfrak{T}_i\}$ by constructing a probabilistic model over this data set. The algorithm then proposes the next evaluation at $\bm \theta_\text{new}$ based on an acquisition function (see below). The algorithm updates the function values iteratively until the convergence criteria are met. One of the most important steps in BO is to construct the probabilistic model for function $f$. In the present work, this is done by modelling  $f$ with a Gaussian Process (GP) \cite{rasmussen-book, bo-pccp}.
GP is a generalization of Gaussian distribution over random variables to distribution over functions, specified by the mean and covariance functions.

Training a GP amounts to conditioning the mean and covariance functions by observed data.
In the present work, we parametrize the GP covariance as
\begin{equation*}
    k(\bm{\theta}, \bm{\theta}') = \left[1+\frac{d(\bm{\theta},\bm{\theta}')^2}{2\gamma l^2}\right]^{-\gamma},
\end{equation*}
and determine the hyperparameters $\gamma$ and $l$ by maximizing the logarithm of the marginal likelihood of the model \cite{rasmussen-book, bo-pccp}.

The acquisition function ${\cal A}(\bm{\bm{\theta}})$ used for BO in the present work is defined by the conditional mean $\mu$ and variance $\sigma^2$ of the trained GP as
\begin{equation}
    {\cal A}(\bm{\bm{\theta}}) = \mu(\bm{\bm{\theta}}) - \kappa \sigma(\bm{\bm{\theta}}),
\end{equation}
where $\kappa$ is a fixed parameter for exploration-exploitation control. The black-box function $f$ is evaluated at each iteration at $\bm{\theta}_\text{new}$ that maximizes $\cal A$. Note that the acquisition function takes into account both the predicted value $\mu$ and the uncertainty $\sigma$ to propose the next value. The total number of function evaluations $f$ depends on the dimensionality of the problem but can be estimated as $\approx 10 \times {\cal D}$, where ${\cal D}$ is the number of independent variables.
For examples of recent applications of BO to quantum problems, illustrating in particular the speed of convergence, see Refs. \cite{bo-1,bo-2}.

\section{Results}

\subsection{Phonon-free networks}
 We first study the optimal networks without phonon couplings in order to compare the results of BO with the previous work \cite{optnet1,optnet2}. As illustrated previously by Scholak \textit{et al.} \cite{optnet1}, the minimal transfer time depends both on the number of intermediate sites and the non-Hermitian sink rate at the boundary. Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns} shows the minimal transfer time $\mathfrak{T}$ as a function of $1/\Gamma$ for several $N$-site configurations. Each point of each curve is obtained by minimizing $\mathfrak{T}$ using BO. Multiple runs of BO repeated with different initial conditions converge to the same values. In agreement with Ref. \cite{optnet1}, Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns} shows that the transfer time decreases as $N$ increases at a given sink rate $\Gamma$. This $N$ dependence is prominent at a large sink rate, and the minimal transfer time eventually converges to the $N=2$ limit at low values of $\Gamma$, as shown by Scholak \textit{et al.} \cite{optnet1}. In addition, $\mathfrak{T}$ first decreases to a minimum value and then increases with an increase of $\Gamma$, which is the manifestation of quantum Zeno effect \cite{zeno}. Hence, there exists a global optimal $\Gamma$ for each $N$ that minimizes the transfer time for all possible configurations. Unless specified otherwise, we fix the value of $\Gamma$ to correspond to the minimum transfer time through the phonon-free network with the corresponding number of sites, i.e. the values that minimize the curves in Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns}, shown  in Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns} by dotted vertical lines.

As illustrated by Scholak \textit{et al.} \cite{optnet1}, the configurations corresponding to the minimal transfer time at large $\Gamma$ tend to be linear.
Figure \ref{fig:7s_NCoh_config} shows three examples of $N=7$ configurations produced by BO for different values of $\Gamma$, with (b) illustrating the configuration corresponding to the global minimum in transfer time.  As expected, the optimal configuration is both linear and periodic, leading to the analogue of ballistic transport, as illustrated in (b), right.   By comparison with (b), the configuration in (a) is slightly shifted towards the output site, while the configuration in (c) is disordered. Both distortions perturb ballistic transport and decrease the transfer time, as manifested by the more complex dynamics of different site populations (depicted in the right panels).

\subsection{Networks coupled to Holstein phonons}
In this section, we couple each qubit to local Holstein phonons and optimize simultaneously the site positions and each of the site phonon frequencies. Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns_Open_cases}  compares the $\Gamma$-dependence of the minimal transfer time for networks with and without phonons. The squares are minimal transfer times under Holstein coupling in the vicinity of the globally optimal sink rate. The transfer times follow the trend observed in the phonon-free case but exhibit larger magnitudes. The optimization algorithm tends to decouple the phonons and converges to the same site configurations as in the phonon-free case. This illustrates that Holstein couplings cannot produce networks with accelerated transfer time, if network topology is allowed to be optimized.

As discussed in the introduction, many theoretical studies based on quantum master equation approaches found that Holstein couplings can accelerate the excitation energy transport compared with the purely coherent cases \cite{EAQT3,efftrans,fmorev}. These studies always consider a fixed system Hamiltonian coupled with a Holstein bath. We can explore a similar scenario by coupling a particular network with fixed site positions to phonons with variable, site-dependent frequencies. Figure \ref{fig:7s_holstein} shows a randomly selected 3D network of $N=7$ sites. We observe that optimizing the phonon frequencies of this network with fixed site positions reduces the transfer time in half.

As seen in the population dynamics plots of Figure \ref{fig:7s_holstein}, in the absence of phonons, the populations oscillate between the input and intermediate sites with high frequency due to localization near the input site. The Holstein couplings accelerate the transfer by reducing the interference and smoothing out the high-frequency component. Such oscillations are absent in optimal phonon-free geometries. As a result, adding Holstein couplings leads to suppression rather than enhancement of transfer time for networks with optimal phonon-free configurations.

\subsection{Networks with Peierls coupling}
Unlike Holstein couplings, Peierls couplings lead to significant changes in population dynamics and optimal configurations. Triangles in Figure \ref{fig:Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n} show the minimal transfer time through networks with Peierls couplings. Note that, for $N=4-6$, the globally minimal $\mathfrak{T}$ no longer corresponds to the same optimal value of  $\Gamma$ as in  the phonon-free cases. However, we continue to use the optimal values of $\Gamma$ from Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns} for consistency.
Figure \ref{fig:Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n} shows that, for $N=4-6$, there is a clear decrease in transfer time due to Peierls couplings, whereas, for $N=7-8$, the values of $\mathfrak{T}$ with and without Peierls phonons are the same (see also Figure \ref{fig:SSH_8s_config}).
Note that the optimal network configurations leading to the same transfer time with and without Peierls couplings for $N > 6$ are completely different, as illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:SSH_8s_config} for the $N=8$ case.

The phonon-free configurations realize the minimal transfer time by linear or quasi-linear arrangements shown in Figures \ref{fig:7s_NCoh_config} and \ref{fig:SSH_8s_config} (upper panel). With Peierls couplings, however, the optimal configurations are no longer linear, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:SSH_8s_config} (lower panel). Figure \ref{fig:SSH_config} shows several examples of optimal networks with Peierls couplings. Starting from $N=4$, Peierls couplings force the intermediate sites to be placed into 3D arrangements between the input and output sites. There are several other network configurations that exhibit similar transport efficiency. Some of these configurations are related by rotational symmetry, while others are not physical due to the clustering of sites.
The optimal Peierls phonon frequencies are not unique either. Phonon frequencies labelled in Figure \ref{fig:SSH_config} exhibit no particular patterns, with most phonon frequencies in the range between $50-100~{\rm ps}^{-1}$. The values of  $\lambda_i$ are generally significant, indicating strong coupling to Peierls phonons. It is thus clear that lattice site vibrations analogous to those causing Peierls distortion \cite{Peierls_dis} play a critical role in reducing the transfer time through non-linear networks.

Another feature of networks with Peierls couplings can be observed from the population dynamics. In the large $\Gamma$ limit, we see ballistic-like transport for the phonon-free lattice with
the excitation populating each site in sequence.
 In Figure \ref{fig:SSH_config}, however, all intermediate sites are populated in parallel  within a narrow time interval. The population of the input site decreases monotonously. For some of the optimal networks (e.g. $N=4, 6$), we observe a strong overlap of the population dynamics of the intermediate sites, indicating that the excitation becomes maximally delocalized.
This shows that the optimal configurations of such networks ensure that Peierls couplings collectively enhance the effect of the hopping amplitudes between all pairs of sites. In general, Peierls couplings are known to modulate the kinetic energy of electrons, resulting in light Su-Schrieffer-Heeger polarons  \cite{sharp_trans, light_pol_1, light_pol_2} and bipolarons \cite{lambda-couplings} at strong electron-phonon coupling, by bringing sites closer together to allow for enhancement of particle hopping.  The results in Figure \ref{fig:SSH_config} are the manifestation of the same phenomenon.

The above results are obtained with three phonon states per site. Some of the resulting configurations have $\lambda_i>1$, which indicates that more phonon states may be necessary for convergence. To explore the effect of this phonon state truncation, we repeated the calculations for 10 optimized networks with $N=7$ sites and four phonons per site.
This expansion of the phonon state space, while increasing the truncated space from 3 states to 4 states, changes the transfer time by less than 15 \% and does not result in any qualitative changes. In particular, the general trend illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n} (lower panel) remains the same with 4 phonon states per site.

\subsection{Classical vs quantum transport}

It is instructive to compare the optimal transfer times obtained by BO in the previous subsections with the time of classical energy transfer.
We consider F\"{o}rster resonance energy transfer theory as the classical transport model \cite{Forster1, Forster2} with the electronic coupling between a donor and an acceptor
 chosen as $V_{ij}$.

As the excitation transfer involves two sites at a time, the input and output sites of a network can be viewed as connected by a manifold of possible classical paths.
 We assume that the excitation traverses all sites in the configurations optimal with Peierls couplings and present six shortest transfer times.

 Figure \ref{fig:Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n} (upper panel) plots the classical results for a comparison with the quantum transfer time in optimal networks with Peierls couplings. The fastest 6  classical transfer times are more than two orders of magnitude longer than the quantum transfer times for $N=7,8$. The shortest classical transfer time of the linear configuration is the same as the quantum transfer. This is expected as Figure \ref{fig:7s_NCoh_config} shows that quantum transport is ballistic in this case. The minimal classical transfer time through the optimal Peierls configurations, however, is two orders of magnitudes longer than the corresponding quantum transfer times.

\section{Summary}
In this work, we explore the efficiency of quantum energy transfer through finite networks of qubits coupled to phonon ensembles.
We consider a microscopic model of both the networks and phonons, treating the position of each individual qubit and each site-dependent phonon frequency as independent variables.
The transfer time is computed by rigorous quantum dynamics calculations
and optimized by simultaneously varying these model parameters. We consider two types of phonons: Holstein phonons that model an external bosonic field and Peierls phonons that modulate the distance between qubit sites in the networks.
Our calculations allow us to consider networks with up to $N=8$ qubits, each coupled to three vibrational states.
We observe the following interesting results:

\begin{itemize}

\item If the qubit positions are fixed in a random, suboptimal configuration, Holstetin couplings may decrease the transfer time.

\item If both the qubit positions and the Holstein frequencies are optimized simultaneously, the optimal solution giving the lowest transfer time yields networks decoupled from phonons, for any value of $N$. We thus conclude that Holstein couplings cannot accelerate quantum transport beyond the limit of the transfer time in an optimal phonon-free configuration.

\item If both the qubit positions and the Peierls frequencies are optimized simultaneously, the optimal solutions for $N=2-6$ yield configurations distorted by Peierls couplings to produce faster transfer times than through phonon-free networks with the same number of sites $N$.

\item The acceleration of transfer time by Peierls couplings decreases with $N$ and disappears for $N=8$. We thus conclude that, while Peierls couplings may accelerate transfer through very small networks, they offer no advantage for networks with $N>7$. It is important to note that the Peierls couplings change the optimal network configurations, even for $N>7$. This is clearly illustrated by Figure 6 presenting two optimal networks of $N=8$ qubits with (lower panels) and without (upper panels) Peierls couplings. While the transfer time through these networks is the same and corresponds to the minimum possible time, quantum dynamics is very different, changing from ballistic (in the upper panels) to one that populates multiple sites simultaneously (in the lower panels).

\item All of the optimal quantum transfer times are significantly faster than the corresponding classical times, as calculated using F\"{o}rster theory, for non-linear network geometries.

\end{itemize}

Beyond the above results, the present work illustrates an application of Bayesian optimization for the design of quantum networks and the exploration of quantum speed limits.
The present approach can be extended to determining the realistic values of the quantum evolution speed for applications, where theoretical bounds overestimate the limits \cite{quantum-speed-limit}.
The present approach can also be extended to optimization of quantum transfer through systems coupled to large baths. Instead of optimizing the individual phonon frequencies as in the present work, one would optimize the parameters of the bath spectral functions while solving the master equation for the reduced density matrix.  In the case of unknown spectral functions, one can model them with neural networks and apply reinforcement learning strategies.

\section*{Data availability}

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by NSERC of Canada.

\clearpage
\newpage

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=10cm]{Graph_NCoh_49_pres.pdf}
    \caption{Minimal transfer time $\mathfrak{T}$ as a function of inverse sink rate $\Gamma$ without coupling to phonons for different numbers of sites  ($N=4-8$).  The global optimal sink rates and the corresponding transfer times are marked by vertical dotted lines.}
    \label{fig:Trans_T_Ns}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    {{\includegraphics[width=16cm]{Graph_7s_NCoh.pdf} }}
    \caption{Left panels: Optimal configurations at (a) $1/\Gamma=10^{-4}~T$, (b) $1/\Gamma=6.3 \times 10^{-4}~T$ and (c) $1/\Gamma=10^{-2}~T$. Note the distortion $d_x>d_y$ in (a).

    Right panels: the population dynamics for the input-site population $p_{in}(t)$ (blue solid line), output-site population $p_{out}(t)$ (red solid line) and intermediate sites (grey dashed line). The solid black line represents sink population $\mathfrak{p}(t)$. The vertical dotted line shows transfer time $\mathfrak{T}$, and the shaded area is the time range within $\mathfrak{T}$.
 %

        }
    \label{fig:7s_NCoh_config}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p!]
    \centering
    {{\includegraphics[width=16cm]{Graph_Non_SSH_Hol_n.pdf} }}
    \caption{Minimal transfer time $\mathfrak{T}$ as a function of the inverse sink rate $1/\Gamma$ for networks with different numbers of sites ($N=4, 5, 6, 8$) in the vicinity of the globally optimal $\Gamma$ as defined by the bare phonon cases in Figure \ref{fig:Trans_T_Ns}: circles --  no couplings to phonons; squares -- minimal transfer times with Holstein couplings; triangles -- minimal transfer times with Peierls couplings.}
    \label{fig:Trans_T_Ns_Open_cases}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p!]
    \centering
    {{\includegraphics[width=10cm]{Holstein_sub.pdf}}}
    \caption{(a) A random 3D configuration with $1/\Gamma = 6.3\times 10^{-4}~T$ coupled to Holstein phonons.
    Each site is labeled by $(\omega_i\,|\, \lambda_i)$, where $\omega_i$ are
the optimal Holstein frequencies (in ${\rm ps}^{-1}$) determined by BO, and $\lambda_i$ (shown in blue) are the corresponding dimensionless
    effective coupling strengths.
    (b) Population dynamics without Holstein couplings: $\mathfrak{T}=0.688~T$.
    (c) Population dynamics with Holstein coupling $g_H = 1.45~\hbar~{\rm ps}^{-1}$ to phonons with frequencies shown in (a):  $\mathfrak{T}=0.365~T$.
    The blue, red (solid) and grey (dashed) lines are the populations at the input, output and intermediate sites.
    }
    \label{fig:7s_holstein}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=10cm]{Graph_Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n.pdf}
    \caption{Lowest transfer time vs the number of sites for optimal networks: circles -- phonon-free, squares -- with Holstein phonons, triangles -- with Peierls phonons,  stars -- classical transport. The stars are transfer time for optimal non-linear Peierls configurations, and only the fastest 6 paths are shown in the plot.}
    \label{fig:Non_SSH_Hol_Num_n}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p!]
    \centering
    {{\includegraphics[width=16cm]{Config_Dyn_SSH_8s.pdf} }}
    \caption{Comparison between the optimal phonon-free network (top panels) and optimal network with $\alpha=15$ $~\hbar$ \AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$ (bottom panels).
    The two configurations produce a similar optimal transfer time $\mathfrak{T}=0.009~T$ at $1/\Gamma=5.0 \times 10^{-4}~T$.
    Each site is labeled by $(\omega_i\,|\, \lambda_i)$, where $\omega_i$ are
the optimal Peierls frequencies (in ${\rm ps}^{-1}$) determined by BO, and $\lambda_i$ (shown in blue) are the corresponding dimensionless
    effective coupling strengths.
    }
    \label{fig:SSH_8s_config}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p!]
    \centering
    {{\includegraphics[width=16cm]{Config_Dyn_SSH.pdf} }}
    \caption{Optimal configurations (left) and corresponding population dynamics (right) for networks with $N=4-7$ coupled to Peierls phonons.
    The coupling constant $\alpha=15$ $~\hbar$ \AA$^3$ ps$^{-1}$.
    Each site is labeled by $(\omega_i\,|\, \lambda_i)$, where $\omega_i$ are
the optimal Peierls frequencies (in ${\rm ps}^{-1}$) determined by BO, and $\lambda_i$ (shown in blue) are the corresponding dimensionless
    effective coupling strengths.
    }
    \label{fig:SSH_config}
\end{figure}

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