text:
Don Byron
Don Byron is a jazz performer and composer who primarily plays the clarinet. He has collaborated and performed with Mario Bauza, the Duke Ellington Orchestra, Anthony Braxton, Medeski, Martin & Wood, and Joe Henry, among many others. Byron has served as the artistic director of jazz at the Brooklyn Academy of Music and been an artist-in-residence at New York's Symphony Space. He has written music for the dance companies of Donald Byrd, Mark Dendy, and Ellen Sinopoli. He is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, a United States Artist Fellowship, and a Rome Prize for Composition. Byron attended the New England Conservatory of Music, studying with George Russell. He was a Pew Fellowships panelist in 2010.
Don Byron's website
Emilya Cachapero
Robert H. Browning
Tania León
Pew Fellow of the Week: An Interview with Visual Artist Lisa Marie Patzer
Visual artist Lisa Marie Patzer (2019) spoke to us about how her practice and interests have evolved during the pandemic, the most useful piece of artistic advice she ever received, and her favorite "brain candy" for relaxing.
pew-fellow-of-the-week-an-interview-with-visual-artist-lisa-marie-patzer
12 New Fellows Announced, Jenny Sabin's MoMAPS1 Installation, King Britt's New Album, and James Ijames in The New York Times
This month's Pew Fellows news sees the release of a new album of electronic music, national media coverage of a new play addressing race in America, the introduction of the 2017 Pew Fellows, and more.
12-new-fellows-announced-jenny-sabin-s-momaps1-installation-king-britt-s-new-album-and-james-ijames-in-the-new-york-times
Pew Fellow of the Week: An Interview With Visual Artist Ken Lum
Visual artist Ken Lum creates conceptual and representational work in a number of mediums, including painting, sculpture, and photography, driven by an interest in the formation of individual and societal identities
pew-fellow-of-the-week-an-interview-with-visual-artist-ken-lum
Germaine Ingram
At age 33, Germaine Ingram (Pew Fellow, 2010) took up dance under the tutelage of a Philadelphia tap legend, the late LaVaughn Robinson (a 1992 Pew Fellow).
germaine-ingram
Nicole Cousineau
Nicole Cousineau (Pew Fellow, 2007) makes multimedia dance theater based in strong, rigorous movement investigation.
nicole-cousineau
Raphael Xavier: The Unofficial Guide to Audience Watching Performance
Dancer, choreographer, and 2013 Pew Fellow Raphael Xavier takes hip-hop techniques from the street to the stage and tells the autobiographical story defined by sacrifice, passion, and transcendence.
raphael-xavier-039-s-the-unofficial-guide-to-audience-watching-performance
Kirsten Kaschock
Informed by her training as a dancer, Kaschock addresses the intersections between language and the body in poetry that displays a choreographer's sense of rhythm and timing.
kirsten-kaschock
Frances McElroy
Frances McElroy (Pew Fellow, 2009) creates elegantly crafted documentaries that delve deeply into personal stories.
frances-mcelroy
Brenda Dixon Gottschild
Dixon Gottschild's 50-year career as a writer and cultural scholar surveys the presence and influence of the black dancing body in America, in what she calls "choreography for the page."
brenda-dixon-gottschild
Frances Negrón-Muntaner
Frances Negrón-Muntaner is a filmmaker and a 1994 Pew Fellow.
frances-negron-muntaner
Composer Julia Wolfe, whose music is inspired by the folk, classical, and rock genres, is co-founder of New York's music collective Bang on a Can.
julia-wolfe
Daniel Heyman
Daniel Heyman's (Pew Fellow, 2009) works on paper capture the images and words of Iraqi torture victims from facilities like Abu Ghraib.
daniel-heyman
Hanif Abdurraqib
hanif-abdurraqib
Nadia Hironaka
Nadia Hironaka is a visual artist and a 2006 Pew Fellow.
nadia-hironaka
Fellows Friday: Q&A with Composer Andrea Clearfield
Composer and Pew Fellow Andrea Clearfield on what inspired her to dedicate her first opera to the life of an 11th-century Tibetan yogi, the influence of composer Margaret Garwood on her practice, and more.
fellows-friday-q-amp-amp-a-with-composer-andrea-clearfield
Russell Davis
Moments of grace or insight or good writing actually are dependent on a day-to-day process.
russell-davis
Poetry Month Pew Fellows News: New Books by Major Jackson and Susan Stewart, a Podcast by Yolanda Wisher, Readings from Trapeta B. Mayson, Ron Silliman, and More
More than 40 poets have been awarded Pew Fellowships since the program's inception. In recognition of National Poetry Month, we've gathered the latest news from these distinguished writers below, including newly published work and upcoming online readings.
poetry-month-pew-fellows-news-new-books-by-major-jackson-and-susan-stewart-a-podcast-by-yolanda-wisher-readings-from-trapeta-b-mayson-ron-silliman-and-more
Thaddeus Phillips
Thaddeus Phillips (Pew Fellow, 2002) creates theater works that use transformational scenography, documentary footage, and improvisation to peer into not-often seen worlds.
thaddeus-phillips
Charles Cohen
Charles Cohen (Pew Fellow, 2011) has been characterized as a "special and singular musician" with a highly developed and refined voice.
charles-cohen


text:
Redmi Note 9 Series Launched in India with Snapdragon 720G SoC and Quad Rear cameras
Vishnu Sarangapurkar
Redmi has launched its much anticipated Redmi Note series in India. The company had taken an online-only streaming event to launch its new Redmi Note 9 series in the country including — the Redmi Note 9 Pro and the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max smartphones. Needless to say, the online-only event has been organised due to the ongoing concerns of the novel coronavirus (COVID19) in the country. Evidently, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max happens to be the new addition to the Redmi Note 9 Series and also ditching the regular Redmi Note 9 variant. Nonetheless, the new Redmi Note 9 'Pro' series phones are here, and let's dig-in on what they have got to offer.
Firstly, let's get into the 'Pro Max' variant, where most of you guys are usually interested in, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max features a massive 6.67-inches Full Screen FHD+ IPS display (2400 x 1080), which has a punch-hole cut out right in the middle and on top that features the selfie shooter. There's new 3D glass curved design and on the back of the latest Redmi Note 9 Pro Max smartphone, which the company calls it an Aura Balance Design. Since both the sides of the phone are glass, they are further protected by Corning Gorilla Glass 5.
If you haven't noticed already, the back of the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max is clean except for the rear cameras housing, that is because Redmi had opted to the side-mounted fingerprint sensor, for the first time and ditching the regular rear-mounted fingerprint scanner. Also, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max comes with the company's conventional Splash-proof P2i coating as well.
Under the hood, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max packs in Qualcomm's latest Snapdragon 720G chipset, in which, the 'G' indicates the processor as a gaming-centric SoC. For your information, it is an octa-core processor built on 8nm process technology that can deliver clock speeds of up to 2.3GHz. For gaming, the chipset features Qualcomm's Adreno 618GPU.
Accompanying the chipset, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max is equipped with either 6 or 8GB of RAM (LPDDR4X) for 64GB or 128GB of UFS 2.1 storage respectively. There's an additional microSD expansion for the storage as well, which is up to 512GB.
Moving further, the company had been teasing that the new Redmi Note 9 Pro Max as camera-performance oriented device ever since it's launch date had been announced. So, for the optics, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max offers quad rear cameras in a square housing similar to what we have earlier seen in the Huawei Mate 30 series smartphones. These latest rear cameras comprise of a 64MP Samsung-made GW1 primary sensor with f/1.89 aperture. These cameras support RAW photography, and, Night mode, and then there's new Pro colour mode as well.
Besides, there's an 8MP ultra-wide-angle sensor, which also offers super stabilization and 119-degree field of view. There's a 5MP macro lens accompanied by a 2MP depth sensor as well. On the front, the punch-hole houses a 32MP AI selfie shooter.
The Redmi Note 9 Pro Max is powered by a bigger 5020mAh battery, which further supports Redmi's 33W fast charging, also, the 33W fast charge adapter is included in the box.
On the connectivity front, the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max features Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.0, GPS (AGPS, GLONASS) with NavIC included. For those unaware, NavIC is India's own satellite navigation system developed by ISRO. Xiaomi had also claimed earlier, that upcoming Redmi phone feature this GPS and also happens to be the world's first smartphone as well. The other connectivity ports include USB Type-C for charging and data transfers and, also a 3.5mm headphone jack.
And, on the other hand, the Redmi Note 9 Pro, not the Max variant also carries a similar design as the Redmi Note 9 Pro Max variant, but it does differ in the internal specifications. The differentiative specs include in storage variants i.e the device is available in 4/6GB RAM and 64/128GB onboard storage. Also, in cameras, the rear cameras feature a 48MP Samsung-made ISOCELL GM2 primary sensor with f/1.79 aperture. It's a 6P lens, which supports the company's super stabilization, 4K video recording at 30fps and 960fps of slow-motion video as well. The selfie shooter also differs, meaning, the Redmi Note 9 Pro comes with a 16MP selfie shooter in the punch-hole, upfront. And, in terms of charging, the Redmi Note 9 Pro comes with the same battery as the Max variant (5020mAh), but only supports 18W charging, and the adapter to it is also included in the box.
The pricing of the newly launched Redmi Note 9 Pro Max starts at Rs 14,999 for the 6GB+64GB and the 6GB+128GB variant is priced at Rs 16,999 and the top variant, which is 8GB+128GB variant is priced at Rs 18,999. Lastly, the Redmi Note 9 Pro starts at Rs 12,999 for the 4GB+64GB variant and, the larger 6GB+128GB variant is priced at Rs 15,999. These Redmi Note 9 Pro series are available in Aurora Blue, Glacier White, and Interstellar Black colour variants. As for the availability is concerned, the Redmi Note 9 Pro will be sold starting from March 17th and the Redmi Note Pro Max will be on sale from March 25th. Both the devices can be bought from Amazon India, Mi.com, Mi Home and these devices are also said to be sold in the retail stores soon as well.
Nubia Red Magic 5G Launched: The First Gaming Phone to feature 144Hz Refresh Rate Display
Oppo Find X2 Pro 5G vs Find X2 5G — How do these Flagships differ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Il rito antiocheno o rito siriaco occidentale è un rito liturgico della Chiesa cristiana sviluppato e praticato nel patriarcato di Antiochia. Anche per vicinanza geografica, era molto collegato a quello praticato a Gerusalemme. Secondo sant'Ignazio la prima lingua liturgica usata era quella greca.

La principale forma della sua celebrazione eucaristica è la Liturgia di san Giacomo.

Ebbe successive evoluzioni tra il secolo IV e il secolo VI per essere poi tradotto in siriaco. Nel frattempo la Chiesa, specialmente in Oriente, fu travolta dalle controversie cristologiche e il patriarcato di Antiochia seguì la posizione monofisita. La conquista araba accentuò il distacco con Costantinopoli, poi parzialmente colmato dalla riconquista bizantina del X secolo con la separazione di coloro che seguirono il sovrano detti Melchiti (che adottarono un rito molto più bizantineggiante) e la Chiesa ortodossa siriaca.

Nel corso dei secoli ci fu un riavvicinamento di parte della chiesa siriaca al cattolicesimo. Attualmente il rito siriaco occidentale è il rito proprio sia di Chiese che si riconoscono nella tradizione ortodossa, sia di alcune che sono in comunione con il papa, vescovo di Roma.

Elenco delle Chiese di rito liturgico antiocheno o siriaco occidentale

Note

Voci correlate
 Rito siriaco orientale

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Liturgie dell'Oriente cristiano
Antiocheno
Cristianesimo siriaco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A few weeks ago, when the average daily temperatures were lingering around -22 (without the windchill), we placed our 2014 seed order with Park Seed. Part of the reason we order through Park (despite my heirloom, seed saving dreaming) is their super reliable Tenderette and Soleil green beans, a staple of our winter diet (they freeze like a dream, and we eat them 2-3 times a week).
I would like to say that A's arrival has made us more cautious gardeners, but though we've cut back on some things (we might not have terribly over-ordered seeds as we have in past years), we still plan to fill both our primary garden 100'x50′ and our smaller garden 10'x100′, and if you were worried, we're also preparing for a 2014 chick purchase to add more genetic diversity to our flock of Buff Orpingtons after a 2013 decline in hatch rate.
Chicks hatched in 2012 from our own birds.
In planning our garden, we made the choice to grow more crops that we use all winter (carrots, beans, peas, onions, garlic, tomatoes) and fewer try-it-out-for-fun crops (though we will be planing parsnips again this year because we've really enjoyed having them!). So what did we decide on?
In addition to this, we'll purchase cucumber plants from a local grower because no matter how we try, we've never been able to get them to grow reliably from seed; whereas, every year we buy plants from the same mom and pop greenhouse and they thrive. Other than that, we're hoping for another big crop of blueberries from the bushes we planted a few years ago.
A was more than ready to help when we placed our seed order a few weeks ago!
What are you planting in your garden this spring?


Images in this thread New Day Same Beef, Meek Throwing 'MO" shots @ 50Cent !
Video in this thread While Shooting A Video In New Brunswick, NJ...Niggas Try Make Jaheim Pay "Hood Tax"
Gay agenda in Hip Hop!
Video in this thread Young Thug On Sway Uncensored: Eveything from Wayne, Plies, Game, Kanye, Quan..
Audio in this thread Neil deGrasse Tyson and his crew fire back at B.o.B, drop "Flat to Fact"
Video in this thread Am I the only one staring to believe B.o.B about the cloning centers?
Images in this thread Well hot damn!!! Hot97 lying on fif?
Ye's Ex-Fiancée Subtly Phifer Chimes In.


MCCOMB — Officials say thieves have stolen more than $8,000 worth of equipment from the McComb Sports Complex.
The Enterprise-Journal reports everything from nuts and blots to the very bleachers that fans sit in were taken from the park and from a nearby shed. The shed was also damaged.
Mayor Whitney Rawlings said the city board will have to approve a budget amendment in order to replace the equipment.
Last week's burglary was the second break-in at the park in one week. The first incident was a vehicle burglary.
Rawlings said city officials are planning to invest in heavier security at the sports park.


It's July and my thoughts are deep in planning mode for our next school year. This is my favorite part of homeschooling because I get to reimagine a flawless future in which I teach All The Things and my appreciative, well-behaved children dutifully and joyfully soak up the amazing lessons I've prepared for them before heading off to spend the afternoon designing a device to help blind kids learn braille.
What? That's not your favorite part of homeschooling?
2) How I want to organize my year.
The second phase is where I narrow down the curriculum/resources I want to use and map out my year according to the organizational structure I chose in Phase 1.
The third phase is where I get down to the nitty gritty of planning our weeks and days. It's my least favorite phase because my fantasies of teaching All The Things to appreciative well-behaved children is replaced by the reality of needing to feed people, take care of the house, nurse a baby and still teach my sometimes reluctant, sometimes bratty children.
He's totally going to do whatever I tell him to. Same with the little guy in the background.
I'm going to break Phase 1 into two posts – Choosing Subjects and Organizing the Year. Sit tight. There's more to come!


Anyone can blog. The concept really isn't difficult to grasp and all of the evidence supports the idea that it can be a game changer for B2B marketers.
In fact, according to HubSpot, companies that published 16+ blog posts per month got about 4.5X more leads than companies that published 0-4 monthly posts. And B2B companies that blogged 11+ times per month had almost 3X more traffic than those blogging 0-1 times per month.
That said, while the concept itself is easy to understand, achieving results is much more difficult. What and how you write and publish each post plays a critical role in the overall success of your blog.
Traffic to your blog is a lot like traffic to your website as a whole. If you're getting 10,000 visitors a month but none of them are converting to leads, the traffic number really doesn't matter.
The key to success with any blog is writing posts that convert…posts that grab the reader's attention, engage them and inspire them to want to learn more.
B2B blog posts that convert consistently include five common elements. Here they are.
The first step in getting a reader to convert is getting them to be a reader. Without clearly written, concise, catchy headlines, the chances of someone clicking on and reading your post are slim to none.
It's hard to incorporate all four into any one headline but if you include one or two, chances are your headline will be more compelling.
Additionally, don't treat headlines like an after-thought. The headline is as important as the body copy. Invest time creating attention-grabbing headlines. It will be a sound investment.
After the title, the next most important element is a strong introduction. Readers want to know why they should care about your topic and you need to deliver the answer to that why in the first paragraph or two.
Another great resource for writing introductions that engage your reader is this article from Neil Patel. Just like his post on writing titles, he goes into a lot of detail and provides many examples of what to do and what not to do.
While it may seem like a no-brainer, including an image at the beginning of your post can be the difference between someone clicking and reading and someone just passing it by.
At Imagine, we include a photo with every post and so should you. We don't follow an exact science when we select images. The key is to select something that is eye-catching but also relevant to your message.
Some B2B marketers create images for each post. Others simply use stock photography and illustrations. Whatever you choose, be sure the images are professional looking and adhere to your company's branding guidelines.
The Demand Creator Blog follows a template. We use the same format for every post. Titles and subheads are always the same size as well as bullets.
While consistency and maintaining brand guidelines are important, a clean design and layout can go a long way for readability.
Incorporate subheads and bullets where it makes sense. Most people won't read every word. Bullets and subheads allow your reader to easily decide which sections to read and which to skip. If your reader feels overwhelmed, they may abandon the post and miss most of your message.
Also consider using bold or italic text or color to emphasize important parts of the post. Highlight key statistics. Use pull quotes.
Remember, it is all about the reader and making it easy for them to find the text that matters most to them.
A blog post cannot convert a reader to a lead without a call-to-action (CTA)…or several. There are many ways to include a CTA.
Within the first 1/3 of the post, we insert a link to a landing page for a piece of content relevant to the text. If someone doesn't read the whole post, they have the opportunity to see the CTA without scrolling to the bottom.
At Imagine, we also use CTAs at the end of each post. See below if you're wondering what I mean.
You may also consider pop-up or slide-in CTAs within the text of your post. Many marketing automation platforms include that functionality.
BrightInfo is another option to try. It displays additional content options for the reader giving them even more opportunities to convert.
When creating and placing CTAs, it is important that they are clear, relevant and tell the reader exactly what the offer is.
If your blog posts aren't converting, make sure you're including these elements. Test different approaches to each one and find something that works for your audience. Blogging can yield great results. Make sure you're getting the most return from your efforts.


text:
Warhammer 40k: Dawn of War 3's latest video offers a brief overview of the lore and characters
on 22nd of December 2016 @ 04:01 am UTC
The Warhammer 40k universe has been going on for nearly thirty years now, and as such its a bit ambitious to expect everyone to know what in the blazing hells is even going on. Sure, I'd wager most people know what an Ork or a Space Marine are, but what about the specific characters and their motivations, or even the differences between the various factions?
So if you belong to the "I have no idea what's happening" camp and would like to learn a little bit more about Warhammer 40k before Dawn of War 3 arrives, you'll be glad to hear that the developers have recently posted a brief overview of the general lore and the characters you'll meet. Have a look:
And if you're interested in some actual gameplay footage, the developers have just recently posted a preview of all the different units and their 'roles' in the Orkish army. You can find it by heading over here. As for the release date, Dawn of War 3 is set to arrive at some point in 2017, though no exact date has been given just yet.


text:
1Background
2Recording
3Release history
4Track listing
5Personnel
5.1Musicians
5.2Production
Summit (album)
1974 studio album by Astor Piazzolla, Gerry Mulligan
Studio album by
Astor Piazzolla, Gerry Mulligan
September 24–26 and October 1–4, 1974
Mondial Sound Studio, Milan, Italy.[1]
Nuevo tango, jazz
Erre T.V./Festival, Atlantic/WEA, Music Hall, ANS, Tropical Music a.o.
Mario Fattori, Fabio Belotti, Aldo Pagani[1]
Alternative cover
1990 U.S. release on ANS Records named Summit (Reunión Cumbre)
Professional ratings
Summit is an album by Argentinean bandoneonist Astor Piazzolla and jazz saxophonist Gerry Mulligan. The original LP was recorded and released in Italy in 1974.[3]
Background[edit]
The album was born from the meeting, which took place in Italy in 1974, between the Argentinean bandoneon player Astor Piazzolla and the North American saxophonist Gerry Mulligan, considered among the most prominent members of the world music scene.
The album was recorded in Milan and includes eight compositions, seven written by Piazzolla and one by Mulligan. The fusion of the nuevo tango of Astor Piazzolla with the jazz influences of Gerry Mulligan, backed by an orchestra of Italian and Argentinian musicians, has been described as "a memorable disc of rare beauty"[4] and "a one-off event, wholly successful".[2]
Recording[edit]
The album was recorded on 24–26 September and 1–4 October 1974 at Mondial Sound Studio in Milan, Italy, by sound engineer Tonino Paolillo.[1]
Release history[edit]
The release history of Summit appears somewhat loose. The LP was originally released in 1974 on the Italian label Erre T.V.[3] Besides a release on the short-lived label of the German chemical company BASF[5] the album was re-released the following year by the German WEA on the Atlantic Records label as Tango Nuevo.[6] In Latin America the album was released as Reunión cumbre on the Argentinian label Trova[7] and (without further title) in Brazil on Pick Jazz.[8] Although several times reissued on CD since the late 1980s the album was not digitally remastered yet.[9]
Track listing[edit]
All songs written, arranged and conducted by Astor Piazzolla, except track 6, "Aire de Buenos Aires" was written by Gerry Mulligan.[1]
"20 Years Ago" - 6:26
"Close Your Eyes and Listen" - 4:32
"Years of Solitude" - 4:07
"Deus Xango" - 3:45
"20 Years After" - 4:10
"Aire de Buenos Aires" - 4:37
"Reminiscence" - 6:30
"Summit" - 3:35
Personnel[edit]
from L: Aldo Pagani, Tullio De Piscopo, Filippo Daccó, Angel "Pocho" Gatti, Astor Piazzolla, Gerry Mulligan, Pino Presti, Alberto Baldan Bembo;
down: Amelita Baltar, Tonino Paolillo
Musicians[edit]
Astor Piazzolla - bandoneon
Gerry Mulligan - baritone saxophone
Angel 'Pocho' Gatti - piano, Fender Rhodes 73 electric piano, organ
Tullio De Piscopo - drums, percussion
Giuseppe Prestipino - electric bass
Alberto Baldan, Gianni Ziloli - marimba
Filippo Daccò, Bruno De Filippi - electric guitar
String section with
Umberto Benedetti Michelangeli - 1st violin
Renato Riccio - 1st viola
Enio Miori - 1st cello
Producers - Aldo Pagani, Mario Fattori, Fabio Belotti
Executive Producer - Aldo Pagani
Sound engineer - Tonino Paolillo
Original cover design - Roberto Carra, Marco Cambieri
Original cover photos - Alberto Rizzo
^ a b c d Summit (Reunión Cumbre) (CD liner). Astor Piazzolla and Gerry Mulligan. Italy: Music Hall. 1988. MH 10.005-1. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ a b Storm Roberts, John. Review: Summit (Reunión Cumbre) by Astor Piazzolla and Gerry Mulligan at AllMusic. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
^ a b Original Italian release of Summit at Discogs
^ DeBaser: Gerry Mulligan Astor Piazzolla, Summit - La recensione di cofras
^ BASF release of Summit at Discogs
^ Tango Nuevo at Discogs
^ Trova release of Reunión cumbre at Discogs
^ Brazilian release of Summit at Discogs
^ Cf. CD release list of Summit (Reunión Cumbre) at AllMusic
Years given are for the recording(s), including the soundtrack albums, not first release. Some of the titles have been shortened.
Lee Konitz Plays with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet (1953)
Paris Concert (with Bob Brookmeyer, 1954)
California Concerts (1954)
Presenting the Gerry Mulligan Sextet (1955)
Mainstream of Jazz (1956)
At Storyville (1956)
The Teddy Wilson Trio &
Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Bob Brookmeyer at Newport (split album, 1957)
Jazz Giants '58 (with Harry Edison, Stan Getz, 1958)
Mulligan Meets Monk (with Thelonious Monk, 1957)
Blues in Time (with Paul Desmond, 1957)
Gerry Mulligan Meets Stan Getz
Jazz Concerto Grosso (with Bob Brookmeyer, 1957)
The Gerry Mulligan Songbook (1957)
Annie Ross Sings a Song with Mulligan! (1957–58)
What Is There to Say? (1958–59)
Meets Johnny Hodges (1959)
Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster (1959)
The Concert Jazz Band (1960)
The Concert Jazz Band on Tour (1960)
The Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard (1960)
Holliday with Mulligan (with Judy Holliday, 1961)
Presents a Concert in Jazz (1961)
The Gerry Mulligan Quartet (with Bob Brookmeyer, 1962)
Jeru (1962)
Two of a Mind (with Paul Desmond, 1962)
Spring Is Sprung (1962)
Gerry Mulligan '63 (1962)
Night Lights (1963)
Butterfly with Hiccups (1963–64)
If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em! (1965)
Feelin' Good (1965)
Something Borrowed - Something Blue (1966)
Summit (with Astor Piazzolla, 1974)
Walk on the Water (1980)
Chet
Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 1 (1952)
Gene Norman Presents the
Original Gerry Mulligan Tentet and Quartet (1953)
Reunion (1957)
Carnegie Hall Concert (1974)
Live at the Berlin Philharmonie (1970)
The Last Set at Newport (1971)
We're All Together Again for the First Time (1972)
Birth of the Cool (Miles Davis, 1949–50)
2:00 AM Paradise Cafe (Barry Manilow, 1984)
Pelé (Sérgio Mendes & Pelé, 1977)
Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert (1972)
The Classic Concert Live (with Mel Tormé & George Shearing, 1982)
The Sound of Jazz (1957)
I Want to Live! (1958)
The Subterraneans (1960)
The Hot Rock (Quincy Jones, 1971)
release group
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Summit_(album)&oldid=1073749126"
Gerry Mulligan albums
Astor Piazzolla albums
Jazz albums by Argentine artists
Tango albums
CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)
Album articles lacking alt text for covers
Articles with MusicBrainz release group identifiers
This page was last edited on 24 February 2022, at 10:46 (UTC).


text:
Edward Goff Penny (4 September 1858 – 1 October 1935) was a Canadian politician. He was elected as a Member of Parliament in 1896 for the riding of St. Lawrence. He served until 1900 and did not run for re-election.

External links

1858 births
1935 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Montreal


text:
Case Studies Flashcards Preview
Government and Politics > Case Studies > Flashcards
Flashcards in Case Studies Deck (23)
Citizens United v FEC (2010)
(Corporations, PACs, speech)
- The Court ruled that corporations should be allowed to contribute to PACs.
- The Court used the argument that if the corporations
weren't allowed to contribute, then they would be
going against the 1st amendment (freedom of speech).
- The ruling was 5-4 to the Citizens United.
Roper v Simmons (2005)
(Unconstitutional, under 18)
•	This is a landmark case because the Supreme
Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to subject
someone to capital punishment, who committed a
crime under the age of 18.
•	On March 1st in 2005 the Supreme Court ruled 5-4
in favour of the respondent Simmons, that it is
unconstitutional to give someone the death
penalty,
who committed their crime under the age of 18.
•	Simmons was originally sentenced to death, but his
attorneys argued it was unconstitutional because
he had committed the crime under the age of 18.
(8th and 14th amendments).
•	The Supreme Court ruled for Simmons however,
sentenced him to life in prison with no chance of
probation or parole.
Roe v Wade (1973)
(Favour, abortion, rights)
•	This case was Jane Roe vs Henry Wade the district
attorney of Dallas County.
•	Jane Roe was going against Wade because he had
enforced a Texas law, which prohibited the ability
for women to have an abortion unless it would save
the women's life.
•	On January 22nd in 1973 the Supreme Court ruled
7-2 in favour of Jane Roe getting an abortion.
• The Supreme Court's decision confirmed the
legality of a women's rights to have an abortion
under the 14th amendment (protecting citizenship
rights) of the Constitution.
4.	Regents of the University of CA v Bakke (1978)
(Specific, quotas, forbidden)
•	In 1973, the Davis Medical School of the University
of California implemented a special admissions
program intended to raise enrollment levels of
minority students.
•	Bakke was a white male who applied for admission
in 1973 and 1974 and was rejected both years.
•	It was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court.
The Court upheld affirmative action and allowed
race to be one of the several factors of college
admission policy.
•	However, specific racial quotas such as, 16 out of
100 seats have to be for minority students were
forbidden by the Supreme Court for going too far.
•	Bakke was admitted to UC Davis Medical School,
and the school's practice of reserving 16 seats for
minority students was struck down.
Columbia v Heller (2008)
(Banning, firearms, unconstitutional)
•	The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 to Heller.
•	The Supreme Court stated that the 2nd
amendment does protect the individual's right to
bear arms.
•	This is a landmark case.
•	The U.S. Supreme Court decision upheld a federal
district ruling that a Washington, D.C. law banning
handguns and requiring other firearms to be stored
unloaded or locked was unconstitutional on
Second Amendment grounds.
Hall v Florida (2014)
(IQ, test, unconstitutional)
•	The Court ruled that a bright-line IQ threshold
requirement for determining whether someone has
an intellectual disability (mental illness) is
unconstitutional in deciding whether they are
eligible for the death penalty.
•	In 2002, the Supreme Court decided the case
Atkins v. Virginia, in which the Court held that the
execution of mentally retarded defendants
constituted cruel and unusual punishment in
violation of the Eighth Amendment.
•	Hall filed a motion to declare certain sections of
the Florida death penalty statute unconstitutional
based on this decision and filed a claim to be
exempt from the death penalty under that ruling.
•	The trial court held a hearing to determine if Hall
was eligible for such a claim and found that he
was not because the first prong of the test whether
he had an IQ below 70—could not be met. The
Supreme Court of Florida affirmed.
•	The Supreme Court ruled a 5-4 majority for Hall.
Grutter v Bollinger (2003)
(Sued, Law School)
•	The University of Michigan Law School denied
Barbara Grutter's application to the School.
•	Grutter, a white Michigan resident, then sued the
Law School.
•	Grutter claimed that the Law School's use of
affirmative action in its admissions policy violated
her Equal Protection rights under the Fourteenth
Amendment.
•	The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, held that the
Law School's affirmative action policy was
constitutional.
•	The Court reasoned that the Law School's goal of
student diversity was a compelling interest. Also,
the Court found that the Law School's individual
review of each applicant (where race was only one
of many factors) was narrowly tailored to achieve
that compelling interest.
•	The "critical mass," was not a specific quota for
race, the law school just want to create classes that
were qualified and also diverse.
Fisher v University of Texas (2016)
(White, application, denied)
•	Abigail Fisher, a white female, applied for
admission to the University of Texas but was
denied.
•	She did not qualify for Texas' Top Ten Percent Plan,
which guarantees admission to the top ten percent
of every in-state graduating high school class.
•	For the remaining spots, the university considers
many factors, including race.
•	Fisher sued the University and argued that the use
of race as a consideration in the admissions
process violated the Equal Protection Clause of the
•	The district court held that the University's
admissions process was constitutional, and the
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed.
•	The case went to the Supreme Court, which held
that the University of Texas' use of race as a
consideration in the admissions process was
sufficiently narrowly tailored to the legitimate
interest of promoting educational diversity and
therefore satisfied strict scrutiny.
•	The Supreme Court ruled 4-3 for the University of
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
(Uninformed, of, rights)
•	On March 13, 1963, Phoenix Police arrested Ernesto
Miranda after evidence linked him to the
kidnapping and rape of a girl 10 days before.
•	Miranda was interrogated for two hours, after which
he signed a confession.
•	This man had only a ninth-grade education, and a
history of mental instability.
•	The interrogation was conducted with no attorney
present, and no one to interpret the legalese of the
statement he signed.
•	Nobody told Miranda that he had a right to an
attorney, that he had a right to remain silent, or that
anything he said during questioning could be used
against him at trial.
•	At Miranda's trial, prosecutors relied wholly on his
confession. Although his attorney objected,
arguing that Miranda's involuntary confession
should be excluded from evidence, it was allowed.
The jury convicted Miranda of rape and
kidnapping, sentencing him to 20 to 30 years in
prison.
•	The defence team filed an appeal to the Arizona
Supreme Court based on the fact that Miranda's
confession was not voluntary and should have
been excluded from the criminal proceedings. The
court affirmed the lower court's decision, stating
that Miranda did not request an attorney.
•	Miranda's attorneys then appealed the case to the
U.S. Supreme Court.
•	The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the police
interrogation was coercive, and that the confession
could not be used as evidence at trial.
•	The reasoning behind this was because the police
had not informed Miranda that he had a right to an
attorney, or that he had a right to not make
statements that would incriminate himself, thus
violating Miranda's constitutional rights (5th and 6th
amendment).
•	Miranda's conviction was overturned, and a new
trial ordered.
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
(Same-sex, death, certificate)
• Who is John Obergefell? = The devoted couple
were together for two decades and travelled to
Maryland to officially marry in 2013, with Arthur having
been diagnosed with ALS. After his husband's death,
Obergefell entered a legal battle with the state of Ohio
to be recognised as the surviving spouse on Arthur's
death certificate.
• When was the case? = 26th of June 2015.
• It is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme
Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental
right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by
both the Due Process Clause and the Equal
Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to
the United States Constitution.
• The ruling meant that all fifty states must lawfully
perform and recognise the marriages of same-sex
couples on the same terms and conditions as the
marriages of opposite-sex couples, with all the
accompanying rights and responsibilities.
• The Supreme Court ruled for Obergefell when the
vote was 5 – 4 to Obergefell.
(For, Brown, unconstitutional)
• Oliver Brown was an African American, who filled a
lawsuit in 1951 when his daughter was denied entry to
the Topeka all-white elementary school in Topeka,
which is in Kansas.
• He believed it violated the Fourteenth amendment.
• At first the judges were divided because Chief
Justice Fred M. Vinson was saying that the Plessy V.
Ferguson verdict should stand.
• However, Vinson died and so the Supreme Court
ruled for change and Brown.
• On May the 17th in 1954 the Chief Justice changed to
Chief Justice Earl Warren and the Supreme Court
voted unanimously for Brown.
• The Court stated that state sanctions of segregation
for public schools was a violation to the Fourteenth
amendment and unconstitutional.
• It fuelled the Nascent Civil Rights movement in the
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
(Unsuccessfully, sued, freedom)
•	Dred Scott was an African American man, who
unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and the
freedom of his wife and two daughters.
•	Dred Scott was a slave who sought his freedom
through the American legal system.
•	The 1857 decision by the United States Supreme
Court in the Dred Scott case denied his plea,
determining that no Negro/African American slave,
the term then used to describe anyone with African
blood, was or could ever be a citizen.
•	The Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v.
Sandford was issued on March 6, 1857. Delivered
by Chief Justice Roger Taney, this opinion declared
that slaves were not citizens of the United States
and could not sue in Federal courts.
•	In Dred Scott v. Sandford (argued 1856 -- decided
1857), the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of
African descent, whether free or slave, were not
American citizens and could not sue in federal
court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked
power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.
•	This case intensified national divisions over slavery
and Sandford won.
("Separate but equal.")
•	Homer Plessy, whose one act of civil disobedience
helped inspire future generations of the Civil Rights
•	He challenged Louisiana segregation legislation by
refusing to move from a "whites only" rail car in
•	He was arrested and tried and because of this he
appealed to the Supreme Court however, he lost
because of the "separate but equal clause."
•	The U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a
seven-to-one majority (one justice did not
participate) to Ferguson, advanced the
controversial "separate but equal" doctrine for
assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation
•	Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark decision of the
U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the
constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public
facilities as long as the segregated facilities were
equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known
as "separate but equal".
•	The court assessed this case using the fourteenth
amendment and found that although, the
amendment didn't specifically state the "separate
but equal" clause, it still constitutionally allowed
racially segregated laws if the public facilities were
equal for both groups.
•	The Supreme Court ignored Plessy when he
argued that the racial segregation went against the
thirteenth amendment, which was prohibition of
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
(Undue, Burden, Unconstitutional)
•	Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016), is a
landmark United States Supreme Court case
decided on June 27, 2016.
•	The Court ruled 5–3 for Whole Woman's Health, so
that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery
of abortion services that create an undue burden
for women seeking an abortion because they ruled
that the undue burden was unconstitutional.
•	Whole Woman's Health was the name of a group of
petitioners, who sued Texas, seeking to invalidate
the provisions from the abortion bill passed in
•	The petitioners said that the 2013 provisions from
the abortions bill violated the fourteenth
amendment by putting an undue burden on the
woman.
United States v. Windsor (2013)
(DOMA, unqualified, refund)
•	The Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA), enacted in
1996, states that, for the purposes of federal law,
the words "marriage" and "spouse" refer to legal
unions between one man and one woman.
•	Since that time, some states have authorised same-
sex marriage.
•	In other cases regarding the DOMA, federal courts
have ruled it unconstitutional under the Fifth
Amendment, but the courts have disagreed on the
rationale.
•	Edith Windsor is the widow and sole executor of
the estate of her late spouse, Thea Clara Spyer,
who died in 2009. The two were married in
Toronto, Canada, in 2007, and their marriage was
recognised by New York state law.
•	Thea Spyer left her estate to her spouse, and
because their marriage was not recognised by
federal law, the government imposed $363,000 in
•	Had their marriage been recognised, the estate
would have qualified for a marital exemption, and
no taxes would have been imposed. (unqualified)
•	Edith Windsor and Thea Clara Spyer were a same
sex couple who got married in Canada. Spyer died,
Windsor didn't get benefits according to DOMA,
didn't get marital tax exemption. Claimed that
DOMA was violating the Equal Protection Clause of
the first amendment. Ruled 5-4 for Windsor, she got
the refund.
McConnell vs FEC (2003)
(Upheld, Constitutionality, BCRA)
•	McConnell v. Federal Election Commission 2003 is
a case in which the United States Supreme Court
upheld the constitutionality of most of the
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA), often
referred to as the McCain–Feingold Act.
•	It was partially overruled by Citizens United v. FEC
•	5 – 4 decision for the Federal Electoral
Commission.
•	The Act banned soft money and the use of
advertising to benefit a certain candidate.
•	The Court did overturn the BCRA's restriction on
minors under the age of 18 giving donations to
Party candidates because they believed that
restrictions were violating the first amendment.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014)
(Religion, sued, Sebelius)
•	The Green family owns and operates Hobby Lobby
Stores, Inc., a national arts and crafts chain with
over 500 stores and over 13,000 employees.
•	The Green family has organised the business
around the principles of the Christian faith and has
explicitly expressed the desire to run the company
according to Biblical precepts (religion), one of
which is the belief that the use of contraception is
immoral.
•	Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (ACA), employment-based group health care
plans must provide certain types of preventative
care, such as FDA-approved contraceptive
methods.
•	While there are exemptions available for religious
employers and non-profit religious institutions,
there are no exemptions available for for-profit
institutions such as Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
•	On September 12, 2012, the Greens, as
representatives of Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., sued
Kathleen Sebelius, the Secretary of the Department
of Health and Human Services, and challenged the
contraception requirement.
•	The plaintiffs argued that the requirement that the
employment-based group health care plan cover
contraception violated the Free Exercise Clause of
the First Amendment and the Religious Freedom
Restoration Act of 1993 (RFRA).
•	The plaintiffs sought a preliminary injunction to
prevent the enforcement of tax penalties, which the
district court denied and a two-judge panel of the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed.
The Supreme Court also denied relief, and the
plaintiffs filed for an en banc hearing of the Court of
Appeals. The en banc panel of the Court of
Appeals reversed and held that corporations were
"persons" for the purposes of RFRA and had
protected rights under the Free Exercise Clause of
the First Amendment.
•	The Supreme Court ruling was 5 – 4 to Hobby
Lobby stores.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
(Habeas, Corpus, Petition)
• Clarence Earl Gideon was charged in Florida state
court with a felony: having broken into and entered a
poolroom with the intent to commit a misdemeanour
• When he appeared in court without a lawyer, Gideon
requested that the court appoint one for him.
• According to Florida state law, however, an attorney
may only be appointed to an indigent defendant in
capital cases, so the trial court did not appoint one.
• Gideon represented himself in trial. He was found
guilty and sentenced to five years in prison.
• Gideon filed a habeas corpus petition in the Florida
Supreme Court and argued that the trial court's
decision violated his constitutional right to be
represented by counsel (sixth amendment).
• The Florida Supreme Court denied habeas corpus
relief.
• The Supreme Court made a unanimous decision and
ruled for Gideon.
• Yes. Justice Hugo L. Black delivered the opinion of
the 9-0 majority.
• The Supreme Court held that the framers of the
Constitution placed a high value on the right of the a
accused to have the means to put up a proper
defence, and the state as well as federal courts must
respect that right.
• The Court held that it was consistent with the
Constitution to require state courts to appoint
attorneys for defendants who could not afford to
retain counsel on their own.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
(Freedom, "Actual, Malice")
•	This lesson focuses on the 1964 landmark freedom
of the press case New York Times v. Sullivan. The
Court held that the First Amendment protects
newspapers even when they print false
statements, as long as the newspapers did not act
with "actual malice."
•	It was 1960 and the Civil Rights Movement was
gaining strength.
•	Civil rights leaders ran a full-page ad in the New
York Times to raise funds to help civil rights leaders,
including Martin Luther King, Jr. sixty well-known
Americans signed it. The ad described what it
called "an unprecedented wave of terror" of police
actions against peaceful demonstrators in
Montgomery, Alabama. What it described was
mostly accurate, but some of the charges in the ad
were not true. For example, the ad said that police
"ringed" a college campus where protesters were,
but this charge was exaggerated. The ad also
contained the false statement: "When the entire
student body protested to state authorities by
refusing to re-register, their dining hall was
padlocked in an attempt to starve them into
•	L.B. Sullivan was one of three people in charge of
police in Montgomery. He sued the New York
Times for libel (printing something they knew was
false and would cause harm). The ad did not
mention Sullivan's name.
•	But Sullivan claimed that the ad implied his
responsibility for the actions of the police. He said
that the ad damaged his reputation in the
•	In the Alabama court, Sullivan won his case and the
New York Times was ordered to pay $500,000 in
damages.
•	The Times appealed the decision to the United
States Supreme Court. The newspaper argued that
it had no intention of hurting L.B. Sullivan.
•	The newspaper had no reason to believe that the
advertisement included false statements, so it did
not check their accuracy. The Times argued that if a
newspaper had to check the accuracy of every
criticism of every public official, a free press would
be severely limited.
•	In a unanimous decision, the United States
Supreme Court ruled in favour of the New York
Times.
•	In order to prove libel, a "public official" must show
that the newspaper acted "with 'actual malice'–that
is, with knowledge that it was false or with reckless
disregard" for truth.
•	The Court asserted America's "profound national
commitment to the principle that debate on public
issues should be uninhibited, robust, and wide-
open." Free and open debate about the conduct of
public officials, the Court reasoned, was more
important than occasional, honest factual errors
that might hurt or damage officials' reputations.
King v. Burwell (2015)
(ACA, Exception, Sued)
•	In 2010, Congress passed the Affordable Care Act
(ACA) to increase the number of Americans
covered by health insurance and decrease the cost
of health care.
•	The ACA required each state to establish an
"exchange" through which people could purchase
health care coverage, and if a state elected not to
do so, the federal government would establish one
through the Secretary of Health and Human
•	The ACA also required people to obtain the
minimum essential coverage or pay a tax penalty
unless they fell within an unaffordability exemption
for low-income individuals.
•	To limit the number of people that would fall into
such an exemption, the ACA provided for tax
credits that are calculated based on the health plan
in which an individual enrols through the exchange.
•	Although the legislative language of the ACA
pertaining to the tax credits only referred to the
exchanges established by the states, the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) created a regulation that
made the tax credits available to those enrolled in
plans through federal as well as state exchanges.
•	The Supreme Court ruling was 6 – 3 for Burwell.
•	Virginia declined to establish a state-run exchange
and has one operated by the federal government.
•	The plaintiffs are a group of Virginia residents who,
without the tax credits, would fall under the
unaffordability exception and be exempt from
having to purchase health insurance.
•	They sued and argued that the IRS regulation
exceeded the agency's statutory authority, is
arbitrary and capricious, and is contrary to the law
in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act.
•	Yes. Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. delivered the
opinion for the 6-3 majority. The Court held that
Congress did not delegate the authority to
determine whether the tax credits are available
through both state-created and federally created
exchanges to the Internal Revenue Service, but the
language of the statute clearly indicates that
Congress intended the tax credits to be available
through both types of exchanges.
•	When the plain language of the section in question
is considered in the context of the statute as a
whole, it is evident that the federally-created
exchanges are not meaningfully different from
those the states created, and therefore federally-
created exchanges are not excluded from the
language referring to exchanges created by the
states. This reading is also in line with the
Congressional intent of covering as many qualified
individuals as possible, as the alternative would
mean that federally-created exchanges do not
contain qualified individuals and operate entirely
differently from the state-created ones.
United States v. Nixon (1974)
("Executive, privilege", Unqualified)
•	A grand jury returned indictments against seven of
President Richard Nixon's closest aides in the
•	The special prosecutor appointed by Nixon and the
defendants sought audio tapes of conversations r
recorded by Nixon in the Oval Office.
•	Nixon asserted that he was immune from the
subpoena claiming "executive privilege," which is
the right to withhold information from other
government branches to preserve confidential
communications within the executive branch or to
secure the national interest. Decided together with
Nixon v. United States.
•	No. The Court held that neither the doctrine of
separation of powers, nor the generalised need for
confidentiality of high-level communications, without
more, can sustain an absolute, unqualified,
presidential privilege.
•	The Court granted that there was a limited
executive privilege in areas of military or diplomatic
affairs, but gave preference to "the fundamental
demands of due process of law in the fair
administration of justice."
•	Therefore, the president must obey the subpoena
and produce the tapes and documents. Nixon
resigned shortly after the release of the tapes.
•	The Supreme Court ruling was unanimous for the
United States and Nixon had to give up the tapes.
•	The Executive privileges aren't shown in the
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
(Commission, cancelled, claim)
•	In the last days of President John Adams'
presidency, he nominated a number of people to
serve as justices of the peace for the District of
Columbia.
•	The Senate confirmed the nominations, and the
commissions were prepared. President Adams'
Secretary of State, John Marshall, did not deliver
all of the commissions before President Thomas
Jefferson took office.
•	President Jefferson then ordered his Secretary of
State, James Madison, not to deliver the
commissions.
•	The plaintiffs, men whose commissions were not
delivered, sued Madison in the Supreme Court and
argued that, in refusing to deliver the
commissions,
the Secretary of State was neglecting his
Constitutional duty.
•	Unanimous decision for Marbury.
•	Though Marbury was entitled to it, the Court was
unable to grant it because Section 13 of the
Judiciary Act of 1789 conflicted with Article III
Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution and was
therefore null and void.
•	Yes, yes, no. Chief Justice John Marshall delivered
the unanimous opinion.
•	The Supreme Court held that the Constitution
grants the president the power to appoint and
commission officers of the United States. Because
the only evidence of the appointment is the
commission, the two actions are tied together.
•	Without the commission, the appointment is not
complete, and so the president's signature on the
commission is the final step in the appointment
•	The Court also held that, upon appointment, the
officers have acquired rights to their positions
under the law.
•	If those rights are denied, then they may seek
redress in the courts.
•	Marbury and others sought an original action for
their commissions in the Supreme Court.
•	But the congressional act conferring that authority
conflicts with Article III Section 2 of the
The judicial power in the United States extends to
all cases under the Constitution and the Supreme
Court is bound to decide cases according to the
Constitution rather than the law when the two
•	So if a law is found to be in conflict with the
Constitution, then the law is invalid.
•	In this case, Section 13 of the Judiciary Act ran
counter to the Constitution and is therefore void.
Thus, lacking authority, the Supreme Court
cancelled Marbury's claim.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
(ACA, Health Insurance)
• It was a landmark United States Supreme Court
decision in which the Court upheld Congress' power to
enact most provisions of the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly called
Obamacare, and the Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act (HCERA), including a requirement for
most Americans to have health insurance by 2014. The
Acts represented a major set of changes to the
American health care system that had been the subject
of highly contentious debate, largely divided on
political party lines.
• Shortly after Congress passed the ACA, Florida and 12
other states brought actions in the United States
District Court for the Northern District of Florida
seeking a declaration that the ACA was
unconstitutional on several grounds. These states were
subsequently joined by 13 additional states, the
National Federation of Independent businesses, and
individual plaintiffs Kaj Ahburg and Mary Brown.
• The plaintiffs argued that: the individual mandate
exceeded Congress' enumerated powers under the
Commerce Clause; the Medicaid expansions were
unconstitutionally coercive; and the employer mandate
impermissible interfered with state sovereignty.
• The Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Chief
Justice John Roberts, upheld by a vote of 5 to 4 the
individual mandate to buy health insurance as a
constitutional exercise of Congress's taxing power.
• A majority of the justices, including Chief Justice
Roberts, agreed that the individual mandate was not a
proper use of Congress's Commerce Clause or
Necessary and Proper Clause powers, though they did
not join in a single opinion. A majority of the justices
also agreed that another challenged provision of the
Act, a significant expansion of Medicaid, was not a
valid exercise of Congress's spending power as it
would coerce states to either accept the expansion or
risk losing existing Medicaid funding.
Decks in Government and Politics Class (2):
Revision Examples


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text:
Love & Secret – E22
December 19, 2014 dramafeed Leave a Comment
Areum and Seung Woon seem to tacitly understand and accept that they are attracted to each other at some level. We get some cute moments of crushing and a sweet lunch date with Areum seeing Seung Woon's personal vulnerability. Meanwhile, Philip continues to make his intentions clear as he tries to be willfully blind to what a simple calculation would answer about Tiffany's parentage. Finally, not happy to be on the sidelines, Yoon Yi throws her gauntlet at Areum with her last clear and direct warning to stay away from Seung Woon.
Philip stares as Jiwoo greets Tiffany and Areum adores her baby. Realization hits him like the drama truck that never showed up in this drama.
Inside, Areum tells Jiwoo about her father's antics… Jiwoo comforts her friend saying she must have been so traumatized but notes that her dad would have gone straight to an adoption center and not family. Jiwoo works part time so Areum tells her that during the day, she's going to ask her mom for help.
Jiwoo asks if Areum is still talking to Philip. Areum tells her friend that Philip saw Tiffany, not as Areum's daughter, but as a family child…Areum notes how disappointed she was that Philip didn't understand how people would have kids and was so embarrassed that Tiffany was crying in public. Of course, the final straw being that he used a phone call as an excuse not to hold Tiffany.
Jiwoo tells Areum that all guys are pretty immature. They need to know that the child is theirs to grow to love them…She sighs because Philip was perfect for Areum otherwise. Jiwoo agrees to look after Tiffany at night and reminds Areum that she did endless babysitting in the states. Areum promises to watch over Jiwoo's kid in the future and Jiwoo retorts that she needs to introduce her to a guy first.
Our resident idiot, Philip goes home and wonders how Jiwoo know's of the family baby? Looks like a figurative drama truck is not enough for the guy to get the hint that Areum had a baby due to him. Freudian omission, perhaps? Seems like denial to me.
At the Han's, Mrs. Han is giving Mr. Han the cold treatment. She leaves when he enters the room and when he inquires about her, asks if he's going to send Areum away as well. Mrs. Han begs Mr. Han to accept the baby so they can bring Areum home. Mr. Han answers that Areum needs to take care of her own problems. If she decides to live without thinking about her parents, she can't live in the shade of her parents. Mrs. Han tells him that she's sick of him and leaves the room.
Seung Woon walks into his office and sees chocolate in his office. He gets excited thinking that Areum got it for him. The secretary comes in and tells him that he received the chocolate because a nearby company was handing it out in celebration of opening. Seung Woon gets mad and tosses it back to his secretary, telling him that he's not a child.
Areum comes in to give him a report. He gets annoyed that she didn't bring him a present and demands lunch. Areum asks if it isn't too early for lunch. He tells her he wants a full course meal with dessert…it's not too late if you consider all that. He takes her out and Yoon Yi sees them leaving together.
Seung Woon and Areum are at shabu shabu/ hot pot. He asks her what she likes and she replies that she likes all meat. He picks up all the vegetables and tells her that they don't even have matching eating habits. Areum, not being a dunce, gives him some meat and tells him to eat up as well.
At this point, Seung Woon asks how Tiffany got on his cart. Areum gives him a short summary of what happened. Seung Woon mentions, Tiffany has had a difficult life as a baby. Areum asks about the meeting with Heung Min and Seung Woon replies that Heung Min is a friend of a kid he knows…Areum tells him that she heard that it was his brother. Seung Woon sheeplessly replies that his father got married twice, right after his mother passed away. Areum smiles sympathetically, realizing that Seung Woon hasn't accepted the second marriage.
Mrs. Han comes to pick up Tiffany from Jiwoo. She has to go to an interview for a couple of hours. From this conversation, we learn that she was Areum's roommate for three years. Mrs. Han asks if Jiwoo really won't talk about the daddy and Jiwoo asks Mrs. Han to just trust Areum for a bit longer.
At Zishen, Areum is washing up when Yoon Yi comes in and asks if she had a good lunch. Yoon Yi tells her flatly that she asked her to design their engagement outfit to give her the hint nicely. She asks Areum if she's pretending to be dumb or is dumb. Areum tells Yoon Yi that she must be mistaken… Yoon Yi replies that this is the last time she's going to give her a civil warning – so be careful.
Feeling a bit shaken, Areum goes to the roof tostare at the sky. She yells on the roof:
YES, IT'S NOT A BIG DEAL.
TIFFANY IS NEXT TO ME.
AND I HAVE A SALARY PAYING JOB.
I DON'T CARE IF I'M ALONE.
I AM A MOM!
She tells herself, she has no one but Tiffany, now.
Mrs. Han visits Sunhwa, who would have watched Tiffany if she wasn't working. They talk a bit about Mr. Han, where Sunhwa asks if they should give Mr. Han the benefit of the doubt. Mrs. Han tells her that the grandmother was almost blind and something could have happened.
Soo Ah tests Mrs. Han to meet up and Mrs. Han asks Sunhwa if she could find the money to repay her soon, since she borrowed from someone she knows and Mr. Han's nomination interview is coming up. Sunhwa gets defensive and tells Mrs. Han that borrowing money shouldn't be an issue that they bring up at the nomination hearing…
Mrs. Han backs off and tells Sunhwa to hold Tiffany as she prepares milk. Sunhwa reminds Mrs. Han that she just fed Tiffany and tells her sister that she must be out of it with all of the recent changes…Mrs. Han, though, seems worried about her forgetfulness.
At the Chun residence, Seung Woon is told that he's getting engaged next week instead of next month. They didn't even tell him. He asks how they are doing this without even telling him. He tells Soo Ah that she's skillful and runs out angrily. Mr. Chun seems frustrated but Soo Ah calms him down. Small interlude as Seungho's grandmother insults Seung Woon and Seungho confirms that he thinks his brother is cool.
CEO Chun and Soo Ah are discussing their political -behind-the-scenes movement with Mr. Han. They are happy that most people think Mr. Han will be nominated. Then Soo Ah asks if she could meet Areum soon and CEO Chun tells her to come to the office soon, he will introduce them.
At Sunhwa's house, Yongsu is in the middle of getting scammed again. He tells someone that if he had money, he would invest. Heung Min tries to convince his father that he just let it go as not part of his fate. Yongsu tells his son that he wants to but can't. Then he realizes that he was telling all this to his son and starts asking if his son actually is HIS FATHER haunting him. Heung Min tells him to wake up.
Sunhwa comes home and tells Yongsu that Mrs. Han wants their money back. Suddenly, Yongsu asks how big Areum's family apartment is…is it big enough for a reverse mortgage? He tells Sunhwa that he will get the money by the end of the month.
Mr. Han goes to the 7080s cafe drunk. He drunk tells Songcheol to beat him up. Songcheol leaves to get him water when the reporter from the last episode comes in. He sits at the bar and watches Mr. Han drunk/sob. Songcheol comes back with water and none of the two realize the reporter's there.
Mr. Han tells Songcheol that he couldn't just watch his daughter like that. His precious, sweet, smart daughter, holding the baby like that. He keeps asking, why did it have to happen to his daughter? He asks Songcheol to beat him up so that he can lose consciousness.
The reporter looks determined as he has finally found some dirt on Mr. Han.
Areum gets ready to work and pauses to talk to Tiffany lovingly, telling her that she's sorry but thank you. At work, she gets coffee with an older staffer. Areum asks her about her daughter (who was the baby model in the last episode). Her mom is watching the baby right now but her mom is older…She mentions that she will probably quit work to stay home and watch the baby. Areum asks if she can't just find someone to watch her baby and the staffer replies the concerns of all working moms – the cost of hiring a nanny is almost the same as her salary. Additionally, as the baby's older (8 months), she seems to know something. The baby doesn't even seem happy to see her when she comes home unless her mom plays with her for at least an hour… She tells Areum to have lots of fun while she is still single.
Philip visits Zishen again. Meanwhile, Soo Ah texts Seung Woon to go meet Yoon Yi's mom prior to the engagement. All of a sudden, Philip is there. He's all confident and egotistical. He can't be bothered to make an appointment because he's so busy. He asks to get lunch together to discuss the investment proposal. He also asks Areum to join them as she is the project team leader. Seung Woon calls Areum out. While waiting for Areum, they see Yoon Yi and Philip invites her as well.
Seung Woon seems to at least intuitively know something is up. He looks apologetic when Areum comes out. Mind you, Philip makes it clear that he is close with Areum, treating her familiarly compared to how politely he treats other people including Seung Woon and Yoon Yi.
At lunch, Seung Woon brings up business. Philip takes a hard line telling the group that entering the Chinese market is not easy and a lot of Korean companies have already faced difficulties in their attempt. Seung Woon tells him that their company's strategy is different and Yoon Yi supports him saying that they are learning from the mistakes of the other companies. Philip proposes that they actually acquire a Chinese company, which would cut the transition time.
Seung Woon asks if they didn't meet to discuss investing in their K Fashion and not acquisitions. Philip answers that he brought it up because he recently heard about a possible target. He turns the topic to Areum and asks when she joined the company. Yoon Yi answers for her and asks why Areum is so quiet.
Areum responds that she didn't feel like she had anything to add. Philip never loses the opportunity to show how close they are, telling her that she's not the quiet type usually. Yoon Yi asks how they know each other and Seung Woon answers that they knew each other in New York.
Philip asks when the engagement is and Yoon Yi responds next week. He congratulates them as Areum and Seung Woon exchange looks… Philip asks Areum if she also thinks they make a great couple and Seung Woon stares at Areum, daring her to answer… On the side Yoon Yi sends her a glare… In the midst, Areum runs to the bathroom instead of running.
Afterwards, Yoon Yi mentions that Philip and Areum seem close. She thinks that it's beneficial for their company. Seung Woon asks why she is telling him this. Yoon Yi tells him upfront that she's doing it on purpose. To be clear, Philip has an interest in Areum and she's telling him this so he minds it, too. Said in other words, she tells him that as his friend of ten years, she deserves a basic level of courtesy at work so he needs to be careful about how he asks and walks off.
Areum seems stuck with Philip again, who told Seung Woon that they have something to say about business. Philip doesn't talk about work at all. He tells her that he thinks she's avoiding him on purpose and it's hard for him to see. Why did she bring the baby just to throw him off like that? He asks her to forgive her.
She smirks at the fact that he's asking her to forgive him so easily. He responds, it's okay. He will wait. As Areum gets up to leave, he tells her he needs to ask. Is the baby really just a family kid? [DF – OMG MAYBE PHILIP IS NOT A TOTAL IDIOT?]
Seung Woon seems to understand that he is, if not, already has fallen for Areum. He isn't head over heels for her, because that doesn't happen in real life. Rather, he is attracted to her and she makes him noticeably happier. So he's not going to throw the chess game for Winner's Group and break the planned engagement, but he's not going to back off from trying to get as much time as he can with Areum. It's a sweet to see how this relationship gradually develops and on what foundations it's developing. He took a big step in telling Areum about his stepmother and made it clear why it hurts him. Areum accepted it in her own quiet way.
Philip, meanwhile, had the DRAMA TRUCK HIT HIM IN THE FACE. Areum calls Jinwoo, Tiffany's aunt. Kisses Tiffany and cuddles her. He isn't stupid, he's a freaking investment banker. It shouldn't take much calculation to realize that the baby was born in the awkward period of him off dumping Areum like a sack of bullsh*t. His attempt to get a clear answer from Areum about Tiffany just seems to me like he doesn't want to let Areum go, but he's running from the obvious responsibility staring at him in the face. What if Areum tells him that it's just a family kid? Is he going to let that one sentence erase all of the glaring coincidences?!
Finally, I thought it was interesting that Areum is beginning to fall for Seung Woon. Note how she goes up to the roof after Yoon Yi tells her to back off. She unconsciously relies on the comfort that Seung Woon gave her. She doesn't protest much when Seung Woon drags her to lunch and doesn't pretend to not see Seung Woon lying through his teeth, when he doesn't take any of the meat from hotpot. The best? The fact that she stared at Seung Woon when she was asked whether or not he looks good with Yoon Yi. Philip and Yoon Yi, our Stanford grads, better be on their toes because these two are developing a relationship whether any of the four want it or not…
Love & Secret Choi Seung Kyung, Heo Jin, Hwan Inyoung, Jung Dong Hwan, Kim Eungsoo, Kim Heung Soo, Kim Hye Ok, Lee Minji, Park Joon Myun, Shin So Yool, Son Seung Won, Yang Han Yeol, Yang Jinwoo
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Report: Turkey Financing Top Global Terror Groups
Turkey becoming world's leading terrorism finance hub
Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh / AP
Adam Kredo • February 21, 2014 9:00 am
Turkey has become a principal financial hub for terrorists under the leadership of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, whose government has helped Iran skirt sanctions, supported jihadi groups in Syria, and provided financial backing to Hamas, according to a new report by the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD).
Turkey, a key U.S. ally, "has turned a blind eye" to terror financing and is potentially on the verge of crossing the line to becoming an official state sponsor of terrorism, according to the Friday report, which cites the Erdogan government's close ties to some of the world's top terror organizations and operatives.
The report comes just a day after 84 U.S. lawmakers and former government officials urged President Barack Obama to confront Erdogan over his harsh repression of political opponents.
As Turkey's support for terrorism expands, the Obama administration has remained silent out of fear of offending Erdogan, whom the White House considers a strategic asset, according to the report authored by FDD's Jonathan Schanzer, a former terrorism finance analyst at the U.S. Treasury Department.
The Obama administration "has remained on the sidelines, expressing relatively mild concern about the crackdowns on law enforcement officials and the jailing of journalists, while electing not to mention terrorism finance issues publicly," the report states.
"Washington's silence stems from fears of a fall-out with Turkey, which has been a crucial ally over the years, and is situated strategically at the intersection of Europe and the Middle East," according to the report. "But Turkey's actions constitute a direct challenge to Washington's sanctions regime."
The report catalogues in detail Turkey's cozy relationship with jihadi groups, terrorist operatives, and the Iranian regime.
Last year, "Turkey was involved in a massive sanctions-busting scheme with Tehran," according to the report. "Now known as 'gas-for-gold,' the scheme helped the Iranian regime gain some $13 billion" despite international sanctions meant to stop such deals.
Additionally, over 2,000 Iranian companies are reportedly registered in Turkey, where pro-Erdogan political elites have been accused of facilitating large cash transfers with Tehran.
Turkey's top intelligence agency is also believed to be working with Iran in a bid to "scuttle intelligence operations" aimed at stopping Iran's nuke program, according to the report.
Erdogan has also gone to great lengths to bolster extremist rebel groups in Syria, according to the report, which cites "mounting evidence suggests that Turkey has been directly or indirectly arming, training, and even financing Sunni jihadi groups" in the country.
Turkey reportedly sent 47 tons of weapons to Syrian rebels during a six-month period in 2013, according to the report.
There are "few questions that it has been Turkish policy to provide support to a range of rebel factions," the report states. "Turkey now appears to allow a broad spectrum of anti-Assad forces, including those with radical ideologies, to operate on Turkish territory."
"Jihadi personnel and finances" have been identified as flowing from Turkey to Syria.
Israeli military officials have additionally claimed that "Syrian al Qaeda groups were training in three separate bases in the Turkish provinces."
Erdogan has also been exposed for having a close friendship with Yasin al-Qadi, a Saudi Arabian businessman who has faced sanctions for his financial ties to al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, and other terrorist fronts.
Hamas has become another ally of the Erdogan government, which has held meetings with the terror group's senior leadership and allows one of its key operative to work in Turkey.
Senior Hamas leader Saleh al-Aruri has been living in Turkey, "where he has been allegedly involved in the financing and logistics of Hamas operations," according to the report, which states that "al-Aruri may be raising funds on Turkish soil that go to support terrorism."
This coincides with "broader Turkish support" for Hamas, including political cover and financial backing.
Turkey has even inked a $4 billion deal with a Chinese missile firm that has been sanctioned "multiple times by the U.S. for selling prohibited missile technology to Iran," according to the report.
Turkey's deal with the controversial China Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp appears "to be a direct attempt to undermine the U.S.-led sanctions against Iran," the report states.
The Turkish government's growing ties to terror have come amid a corruption scandal that has rocked Erdogan's AKP political party, which has "purged the investigators, prosecutors, and journalists involved" in exposing the corruption.
FDD's Schanzer warned that left unchecked by the United States and the rest of the international community, "Turkey's terrorism finance problems could fester further."
"These problems have already raised questions about whether Turkey currently serves as a barrier to extremism from the Middle East," Schanzer said.
Published under: Iran, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey
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MyMemories Blog: Using Patterned Papers on your Layout Part 1 with Happy Scrap Arts!
Using Patterned Papers on your Layout Part 1 with Happy Scrap Arts!
I'm Eileen aka Happy Scrap Arts and I wanted to share another designer tip with you.
So last week I had a question from a customer. She wanted to know how she could use patterned papers. She told me that when she used the papers as a background her layout looked too busy (packed with too many colors).
She is right about that, if you use a patterned paper on your background with just a picture on it, your page will not focus on the photo, and you will only see the background.
I have lots of tips for you and I'll let you see how to use these papers and I'll show you some examples. Today I will show you one way to use them.
I actually use the paper on the background but after that put another paper in top. A white paper or a solid paper with one of the colors used in the background paper. You could even use a patterned paper, with on it a solid colored paper and then a white paper.
The second layer should be smaller than the background and you should not forget to shadow it. You can keep it in the center of your page or push it to one side, or even turn it a bit. If you use a third layer you should make this one smaller as the other papers, and of course you need to add a shadow to give depth to your page.
On this page I used the patterned paper in the background and I used a solid light paper on top. I turned it a bit and shadowed it.
I'll soon be back with some other tips for using these wonderful patterned papers on your layouts.


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"Total Recall (2012/Blu-ray+DVD Combo/Sony Pictures)" Review
Welcome to Rekall, the company that can turn your dreams into real memories. For a factory worker named Douglas Quaid (Colin Farrell), even though he's got a beautiful wife (Kate Beckinsale) who he loves, the mind-trip sounds like the perfect vacation from his frustrating life - real memories of life as a super-spy might be just what he needs. But when the procedure goes horribly wrong, Quaid becomes a hunted man. Finding himself on the run from the police - controlled by Chancellor Cohaagen (Bryan Cranston), the leader of the free world - Quaid teams up with a rebel fighter (Jessica Biel) to find the head of the underground resistance (Bill Nighy) and stop Cohaagen. The line between fantasy and reality gets blurred and the fate of his world hangs in the balance as Quaid discovers his true identity, his true love, and his true fate.
Review: For most film fans they instantly think of Schwarzenegger when someone says Total Recall, now over 20 years later since the 1990 classic had been released we now have another film by the name of Total Recall. This time around there is a new leading man and from what I have gathered it's alot more faithful to the book than the 1990 film. So in my eyes I would not consider this a remake, I just consider it a new film based off an already adapted novel if that makes any sense. The leading man this time around is Colin Farrell which I am not the biggest fan of, but I will say this is the first film in awhile that I actually liked him in. I will say though I still like Schwarzenegger more.
One thing I did find myself doing is thinking about the original film during certain parts at first, but I quickly found myself getting into the film and enjoying it quite a bit. There are alot of differences this time around which in ways makes the story that much better in my opinion. Just to let anyone who loves the first film there is also the 3 boob prostitute in this version as well which is just awesome! Also they do the face changing mask which does glitch, but the scene is fast and didn't have the humor that you kinda got in the 1990 version. Those 2 things plus everything else surrounding them truly come together to make a film worth checking out.
Now as far as the casting goes I do think they did a very good job of picking out the right actors. Especially the use of Brian Cranston as Cohaagen. I have loved the work that he has done for quite some time and in this film he makes it that much more better. Now that is not to say that Michael Ironside didn't do a great job as the same character also. One character I will say that was better this time around is Kate Beckinsale as Lori Quaid, she is way better than Sharon Stone was. This film is like any other film and you will either hate it or love it, but going into this film please try to be open minded like I went into it. Because you will most likely enjoy the changes and the overall film if you do so. Nonetheless I still love the 1990 Total Recall more!
-Daniel "Damnation" Lee
Directors: Len Wiseman
Genre: Action/Sci-fi
Blu-ray/DVD Release Year: 2012
Theatrical Release Year:2012
Time Length: 118 mins./130 mins.
Company: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
Website: www.sonypictures.com
ADDITIONAL SCREENSHOTS:


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Angela Simmons Addresses Rumored Love Triangle With Romeo and Bow Wow
Growing Up Hip Hop star Angela Simmons is addressing the rumored love triangle with Romeo and Bow Wow. Get the scoop from Just the Sip.
By Mike Vulpo Feb 12, 2020 8:29 PMTags
TVReality TVExclusivesCelebritiesBow WowAngela SimmonsJustin SylvesterJust The Sip Podcast
Dating in the public eye is easier said than done.
When it comes to Angela Simmons' love life, the Growing Up Hip Hop star can't seem to avoid headlines surrounding her relationships with Romeo Miller and Bow Wow.
In fact, pop culture fans continue to speculate that Romeo is upset with Angela's Instagram pictures and friendship with ex Bow Wow.
But what does Angela think of all the chatter in the streets?
"It goes back to me not really caring. But also as a friend, if [Romeo's] a real friend, then I'd like you to have that conversation with me. Whether or not I'm going to stop or not would be on me. But as a friend, if you feel like it's something you don't like to see, then have that conversation with me," Angela shared exclusively on E! News' digital series Just the Sip. "Even now, I'm so over talking about him because it just got blown out of proportion at this point."
Listen to Angela Simmons' Full Interview on the Just the Sip Podcast
The drama will play out on the upcoming season of Growing Up Hip Hop airing Thursday nights at 9 p.m. on WE tv. And if you want Justin Sylvester's theory, he thinks Romeo is in love with Angela.
"That is what I keep hearing and if he's in love with me, it's a horrible way to go about it," she shared. "It's really weird. It's just one day waking up and you didn't know you were going to be hit from the back and boom, this is what he decided to do. This is how he wants to handle it and it's really strange."
As for those wondering what is really going on with Bow Wow, Angela is the first to say they are just good friends.
"I've known this man since I was 17. Our stories are countless. I love him to death. That is like my people. I don't know where we'll wound up," she shared. "We're friends. We're cool. I'm going to support everything he does and vice versa but to me, I feel like the world always sticks me with Romeo or Bow. It's like can I date other people or you want me just stuck with this?"
Andrew Werner Photography
Ultimately, there is so much more to Angela's story than who she is—or isn't—dating. While sitting down with Justin, the reality star opened up about the sudden death of her ex-fiancé and life as a single parent.
As it turns out, life's biggest moments often provide life's biggest lessons.
"I don't want perfect anymore. I want what makes sense for me and I'm at a point where I always say never say never because you never know what's going to happen," she shared. "You literally have to live day by day to your best and that's just what it is. I could plan but I always laugh because God has a whole other plan."
Growing Up Hip Hop airs Thursday nights at 9 p.m. on WE tv.


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Home › Essays › The Fractured Form of Eliot's Ellipsis
The Fractured Form of Eliot's Ellipsis
"Make it new!"
That was the rallying cry of Ezra Pound harkened to by young artists of the early twentieth century. This period would later be coined "modern" due to the rapid advancement in industry, technology, science, and women's liberation, among other things. Western civilization was pulsating with electricity. The life of the modern man was propelled forward by the speed of travel via the automobile and airplanes. Networks of train tracks and highways stretched across the country. However, it was not solely the material aspects of life that were changing. "Much social energy in the 1920s expanded the boundaries for acceptable self-expression. Adherents to small-town values such as work ethic, social conformity, duty, and respectability clashed ideologically with internationally-minded radicals and newly affluent young people who argued for more diverse, permissive, and tolerant styles of life" (Byam 6). In short, social mores were changing. The first global war in which technological advances exponentially increased the horror only served to prove that man was "not in Kansas anymore." The psychological effects of World War One saturated life. A landscape ravaged by war and an awareness of the violence man was able and willing to inflict on one another only encouraged the cynicism and disorientation felt by the modern man. One of the emerging artists of the time, Thomas Stearns Eliot, captured this feeling like no other. Through his poetic language, Eliot gave voice to the modern man and all his doubts, insecurities, apathy, and fractured feelings. His use of specific linguistic devices, namely ellipsis, in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and "The Waste Land," as well as "The Hollow Men," provide cohesion while at the same time creating uncertainty – a defining characteristic of the modern era.
There are multiple functions of the ellipsis. For one, it can be used to leave out redundant information. Ellipsis derives from the Greek word, ἔλλειψις, which means omission. When one or more words are omitted, but the phrase can still be understood based on context, this is known as an ellipsis. This type of ellipsis is often used in language because it is efficient, and meaning is often derived from context. For example, in "The Waste Land," Eliot writes, "What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow." Left out by the ellipsis in the second clause are the verb are, the determiner the, and the adverb that. The second clause can be easily understood without the missing elements because the reader can infer meaning based on the preceding phrase. Omitting unnecessary words allows Eliot to discard parallelism while creating an imbalance in the sentence, which correlates to the psychological imbalance experienced by the men and women undergoing the social upheaval of the twentieth century.
What is more intriguing and defining about T.S. Eliot's poetry is his use of ellipsis in which the reader must look both behind and ahead in the poem to discover the meaning within the ellipsis. The most well-known ellipsis employed by Eliot, and one which sets the stage for the rest of his poetry, is from "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," first published in 1915. Eliot creates an atmosphere of intense contemplation with the ellipsis used in the first stanza:
"Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
The muttering retreats
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question…"
What is the question which Eliot leaves out? Understanding what the question Prufrock is speaking of ultimately relies on the context of the rest of the poem. In fact, the intentional omission of the precise question is deliberate and forces the reader to delve deeply into the rest of the poem, into Prufrock's psyche, into Eliot's psyche, and most importantly, into the reader's psyche. As the reader journeys through the rest of the poem, Eliot poses many questions which could replace the ellipsis. Furthermore, while it is Prufrock who is questioning, the reader is also meant to question. "Do I dare disturb the universe?" Two roads diverged in the wood – which one should he take? Which one should we take? Will we play it safe, or can we step out of our own insecurity and indecisiveness and live deliberately? Should we, can we, "have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?" Again, the action is required by Prufrock, by us; the demand is to be a participant, not merely an observer. "How should I begin to spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?" How can we possibly justify our lives in the end? How can we attempt to account for the time given to us, especially if it is as easy and tedious as measuring out our lives with coffee spoons? "Will it have been worth it after all?" Eliot presents an unknown with the ellipsis, and all the possibilities he then gives the reader to contemplate creates anxiety felt by many living in the new age of modernity.
The ellipsis is used again in "The Waste Land." In part two, A Game of Chess, Eliot interrupts the conversation (four times) between two women in a London pub. He uses a common calling of the day, "HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME," to indicate it is closing time at the pub. One could infer from the context of the setting that the words left out might be, "Hurry up, please. It is time to go." Alternatively, perhaps, "Hurry up, please. It is time to close." However, even more important to consider is the overriding theme of time in Eliot's poetry. On the surface, it is merely a closing call, but underneath it is much more and brings a cohesive element to his poetry. This dread caused by the quickening of time can be seen in the neurotic Prufrock and later observed as a metaphysical conundrum in Burnt Norton, taken from "Four Quartets." Taking that into consideration, the reader can expand their thinking and suppositions on what exactly it is time for. "Time to turn back and descend the stair," or perhaps it is "time yet for a hundred indecisions, and for a hundred visions and revisions." Using the ellipsis, Eliot allows the reader freedom to explore their ideas without being given an answer. This allows a certain amount of intellectual stimulation that would not be made possible without using the ellipsis.
In "The Hollow Men," section five, Eliot uses the ellipsis to create meaningful fragments. After the second stanza, Eliot writes a well-known line from the Lord's prayer, "For Thine is the Kingdom." In line 83, he writes, "Life is very short," followed by, "For Thine is the Kingdom," again in line 91. This is what the reader will mentally fill in when reading stanza five, lines 92-94: "For Thine is / Life is / For Thine is the." This stanza also supplies an example of sentence fragmentation, which is equally important in engaging the reader's thinking. As Anne Curzan explains, "We often speak in sentence fragments because context allows us to supply the missing sentence parts" (193). In this case, the ellipsis creates a fragment to accentuate the feeling of uncertainty and hopelessness arising from the death of God, which was initiated during the Age of Enlightenment and completed during the modern era leading into the post-modern era where the only truth remaining is the knowledge that there is no truth.
"What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow
Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man,
You cannot say, or guess, for you know only
A heap of broken images, where the sun beats,
And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,
And the dry stone no sound of water…"
In the Waste Land, man cannot answer the question or even guess at the answer because all he knows anymore is the fragmented images and experiences of modern life. This is mirrored in the fragment, "Life is," from the "Hollow Men." The dead tree and dry stone speak to the idea that there is no savior, no God, and no hope for a resurrection. The idea of God's death is seen in the inability of the Hollow Man to complete or repeat the phrase, "For Thine is the Kingdom." Modern philosopher, Fredrich Nietzsche, predicted the despair arising from this "death." He also predicted the nihilism which would follow, and the inability of the Hollow Man to complete or repeat the phrase but only say, "Life is," seems to speak to there being no clear definition of what life is anymore; it is meaningless. It is easy to imagine the three-dotted ellipsis following the words, leaving off on the trail of cynical contemplation. And in the end, perhaps we are all just hollow men waiting for the world to end, "Not with a bang but a whimper."
Upon reflection, it is not so difficult to imagine what life was like before post-modernism. People living in the present are very much experiencing the difficulties in a rapidly changing world. With the ascent of the internet, virtual reality, social media, the disappearance of privacy and a deterioration of nationalism, as well as the decay of the institution of marriage, the celebration of homosexuality, and the idea that gender is a social construction, and it is easy to gather a sense of what our predecessors felt. T.S. Eliot's poetry is as relevant today as it was then and provides a voice for those struggling to reconcile the newly formed order of what is to the old order of what was. With the use of the ellipsis and the ability of Eliot to engage the reader's contemplation and reflection, Eliot acts as our Virgil, guiding us through "streets that follow like a tedious argument of insidious intent," which lead us always and inevitably to that overwhelming question…
Adams, Michael, and Anne Curzan. How English Works: A Linguistic Guide, 3rd ed. Pearson Education Inc., 2012.
The Waste Land
The Hollow Men
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Tags: ellipsis, Language, linguistics, poetry, T.S. Eliot, The Hollow Men, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land


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