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FEATURE: Union busting, IndustriALL affiliates under attack
24 April, 2018Union busting is arguably the biggest threat to trade unions the world over. As unions come under attack from companies, governments and corrupt judiciaries, union-busting tactics are becoming increasingly sophisticated and no less severe
Text: Leonie Guguen
Union repression is symptomatic of increasing global inequality and corporate greed. It is no wonder that global forces seek to suppress trade unions, which are economic actors in the redistribution of wealth from capital to labour. IndustriALL Global Union affiliates are no strangers to these attacks.
When IndustriALL affiliate, the United Steelworkers filed an election petition at Kumho Tire in the USA, the company immediately launched a campaign to destroy workers' chances of union representation that is typical in the American South.
Kumho Tire in Macon, Georgia, which supplies tyres for auto manufacturers including Chrysler, Hyundai and Kia, hired a consultancy firm, RoadWarrior Productions, paying them at least US$300,000 to employ seven full time union busters at the plant.
Kumho Tire set up an anti-union website, which included a message from the mayor of Macon urging workers to vote against the union. The site has since been taken down.
Workers were forced to attend daily anti-union meetings that lasted for several hours, with managers telling them that the newly-opened factory would be forced to close if they voted for a union. The Korean multinational is currently under control of a committee of creditors headed by the state-run Korea Development Bank, and plant managers emphasized this to play on workers' fears.
Workers were also made to attend many one-on-one anti-union meetings:
"We have a recording of the company human resources manager threatening loss of customers and plant closures if they unionize. We also have witnesses who will testify they were told one-on-one that if they supported the union they would be fired," said a spokesperson from the United Steelworkers.
Before the relentless campaign of intimidation and scaremongering at the Macon plant, 80 per cent of workers at Kumho Tire signed cards saying they wanted a union. When the vote took place on 12 and 13 October 2017, the USW lost the election by 28 votes (164 to 136) – a drop of 34 per cent in favour of a union.
Not satisfied with the election result, Kumho Tire then fired Mario Smith, one of the leaders of the organizing campaign, just days after the vote. The Steelworkers have retaliated by filing unfair labour practice charges with the National Labour Relations Board. If successful, the election would be re-run or the company could be ordered to bargain with the union.
It's worth noting that virtually all 3,700 Kumho Tire works in South Korea are organized by IndustriALL affiliate the Korean Metal Workers' Union.
Anti-union discrimination is rife in the southern states of the US, even at companies that normally engage in social dialogue such as Nissan, Boeing and Airbus. German car manufacturer, Volkswagen, which has good relations with unions in its home country, is actively fighting the US legal system to stop workers from organizing at their plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee. IndustriALL's global framework agreements with both Volkswagen and Airbus have had little sway in the US.
South Korean companies are well-known for their anti-union activities abroad, but union-busting in South Korea is entrenched and severe. Han Sang-gyun, president of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU), has been imprisoned since December 2015, while former KCTU general secretary, Lee Young-joo, was arrested in January 2018 and is now held in the same detention centre in Seoul.
Sister Lee had been seeking refuge at the KCTU office for two years after an arrest warrant was issued for her role in organizing the People's Mass Mobilization on 14 November 2015 against the repressive labour reform of the former government.
While mobilizations by a broad alliance of unions and civil society succeeded in removing President Park in March 2017, Lee and Han Sang-gyun were not among the many thousands of people pardoned by the new administration under President Moon Jae-in.
IndustriALL has visited and met Han and Lee several times since 2015 as part of its global solidarity with South Korean union movement.
In April 2017, the UN Working Group on Arbitrary detention considered the case of Han and Lee and reminded the Korean government that it has "the responsibility, including in the context of peaceful protests, to prevent arbitrary arrest and detention, and called upon States to avoid the abuse of criminal proceedings at all times".
Aside from the authorities, trade unions in Korea have an ongoing battle against brutal attacks on workers' rights in the all-powerful, family-owned companies in the country (known as chaebols) such as Hyundai and Samsung.
Governments are taking scant notice of international labour conventions designed to protect trade union rights, even when their country has ratified them. Algeria signed the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Convention 87 on the right to freedom of association and Convention 98 on the right to organize and collective bargaining in 1962.
And yet a powerful alliance of government, enterprise and the judiciary is determined to crush independent unions in Algeria, including SNATEGS, affiliated to IndustriALL. SNATEGS represents more than 30,000 workers at state-owned gas and electricity company Sonelgaz, whose demands for higher wages and better health and safety have been met with extraordinary reprisals.
Since the union was registered in 2013, SNATEGS and its leaders have been subject to increasing oppression and judicial persecution. In December 2016, SNATEGS President, Raouf Mellal, who was fired by Sonelgaz for union activities, was sentenced in absentia to six months in prison after he blew the whistle on the illicit overcharging of eight million Sonelgaz customers over a ten-year period.
Five months later, the Minister of Labour withdrew SNATEGS' registration just days before a nationwide strike by Sonelgaz workers. In a letter dated 16 May 2017, the Minister said the union had disrespected the Algerian law 90-14/1990 without detailing how. It also said Mellal had been dismissed from his role as union president.
He has since been convicted to a total of 17 months in prison and fines of 10,000 euros (US$12,300) on a plethora of spurious convictions. He is currently not in custody and appealing the charges.
Judicial persecution has extended to other members of SNATEGS. The general secretary and other senior leaders of the union and even the lawyer representing SNATEGS are now facing trumped up charges.
Security forces have been employed on numerous occasions to stop the union organizing rallies. On 20 January this year, around 10,000 Algerian police officers were employed to stop a peaceful rally organized by SNATEGS in the capital, Algiers. They detained some 1,000 would be protestors, who were taken by bus to remote areas and denied food and water for ten hours. Security forces confiscated their phones and deleted photos of the rally, as well as evidence of police oppression that took place. According to SNATEGS, some women protestors were sexually harassed and other trade union members were physically assaulted.
Global unions, IndustriALL, IUF, PSI and the ITUC wrote to the Algerian labour minister, Mourad Zemali, to condemn the treatment of the protestors, who were a mix of trade unionists and civil society sympathetic to the workers' demands.
In February 2018 an ILO direct contact mission to Algeria was cancelled following the government's refusal to allow the mission to meet with independent unions.
In December 2016, the Bangladesh government used wildcat strikes by garment workers demanding higher wages as an excuse to launch a major crackdown on trade unions in the sector. Thirty-five trade union leaders and garment workers were seized and arbitrarily detained for several weeks. Union offices across garment producing areas near the capital Dhaka were shut down and vandalized by authorities. The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) suspended production at 59 factories and more than 1,600 workers were suspended. Police filed charges against 600 workers and trade union leaders.
The wholescale attack on the unions was met with a strong response from the trade union movement. IndustriALL mobilized an international solidarity campaign #EveryDayCounts supported by UNI Global Union and affiliates worldwide.
Hundreds of photos from all over the world were posted on social media, and unions in more than 20 countries sent letters to the Bangladeshi Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, calling for the release of the detainees. Trade unions protested and visited Bangladeshi embassies in over 16 cities, while a LabourStart campaign to free the jailed activists amassed more than 10,000 signatures.
Finally, on 23 February 2017, after two months of captivity, a tripartite agreement was reached between IndustriALL Bangladesh Council, the Ministry of Labour and the BGMEA, providing the release of the arrested trade unionists and garment workers, and all the cases against them to be dropped.
However, despite the breakthrough, relations between factory owners, the government and trade unions in the Bangladeshi garment sector remain on a knife-edge. Just six months after the trade unionists had been released, 50 garment workers were badly beaten by a gang of thugs for taking part in a peaceful protest at sweater manufacturer, Haesong. The sit-in and strike outside the Korean-owned company's headquarters in Hizalhati, Gazipur, was organized by IndustriALL affiliate the National Garment Workers Federation (NGWF).
Among those injured were the union's general secretary and vice-president who are both women. An NGWF organizer was kidnapped and released many hours later. Despite multiple requests, local police have refused to file workers' complaints about the kidnapping or the attacks.
It is this impunity that makes trade union organizing perilous in Bangladesh.
People working in complex global supply chains are particularly vulnerable to rights violations, poor health and safety, and low pay. Accountability is low in what is a hidden workforce for multinational companies and trade unions often unwelcome.
Furukawa Automotive Systems, a Japanese-owned company in the Philippines makes car parts for major automobile brands such as Toyota, Suzuki, and Nissan, from its plant in Lipa City, south of Manila.
Workers at Furukawa secured a victory in January this year after voting by a large margin to be represented by a branch of IndustriALL affiliate the Philippine Metalworkers Alliance (PMA). Close to 1,500 workers out of a workforce of 5,000 voted for a union, of whom more than 50 per cent are agency-hired or non-regular.
The fight for union recognition at Furukawa was gained with support of trade unions led by PMA, the Japan Council of Metalworkers' union, as well as global union federations and other organizations.
However, despite the fact that PMA won the certification election, union-busting continues at the company. Another union, supported by the company, is delaying the process of collective bargaining by going to the labour court to claim that they have also members in Furukawa. Until the intervention of this union is resolved, there can be no negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement.
Like the Philippines, Colombia is ranked by the ITUC as one of the top ten world's worst countries for workers' rights, providing an easy environment for companies to attack trade unions.
TuboCaribe, owned by multinational steel producer Tenaris, manufactures steel tubes from a plant in the Caribbean port of Cartagena. After refusing to sign a new collective agreement with workers, TuboCaribe sacked both the president and vice-president of the Workers' Union of Tenaris in Colombia (Sintratucar) in December 2017. TuboCaribe then refused to rehire twenty young people who had been working on rolling six-month contracts after they joined the union.
This prompted 100 more workers to leave Sintratucar for fear of losing their jobs. In contrast, these workers had their contracts renewed.
"The reason for my dismissal is the formation of the union," said Sintratucar president Walberto Marrugo. "Tenaris does not respect freedom of association. We are trying to annul the dismissals through the legal system but we will go to an arbitration tribunal and take other actions if necessary."
On learning of the dismissals, IndustriALL's Tenaris/Ternium Global Union Network launched a campaign in support of the dismissed workers and union leaders. Sintratucar held a series of protests and a mass meeting of members at the factory gates on 17 December. The meeting called on workers throughout the world to increase their pressure on the company by joining a Facebook campaign. Sintratucar also urged all Tenaris employees to make a video illustrating the company's union busting activities and to demand the reinstatement of the dismissed workers.
Following legal action by the union, the municipal justice of Cartagena ordered TuboCaribe to reinstate the vice-president of Sintratucar, Jairo del Rio, citing no just reason for his contract to be terminated. It was a key victory but the union's president Walberto Marrugo and the other young workers are still fighting for their jobs.
A recent decision by a Russian court to dissolve the Interregional Trade Union Workers' Association (ITUWA), has been described as a serious blow for independent unions in Russia.
On 10 January 2018, the local court of Saint Petersburg ruled that IndustriALL affiliate, ITUWA, should be dissolved claiming the union had conducted political activities and received foreign funds.
ITUWA brings together 4,000 workers from the automotive and other industries. According to the prosecutor's office, the decision was based on ITUWA's solidarity support for truck drivers protesting against tax increases and the union's criticism of the government's socio-economic policies on its website.
The court also included the inter-sectoral nature of the union's membership and activities as part of the reasons for its decision, as well as receiving foreign funds for taking part in joint workshops with IndustriALL.
Eight IndustriALL affiliates in Russia issued a joint statement in defense of ITUWA, which was sent to the State Duma, the Prosecutor's office, chairperson of the Supreme Court and the President of Russia. It said:
"The Saint Petersburg city court decision, in our opinion, not only blatantly violates the rights of workers and the trade unions representing their interests. It also moves the proper regulation of trade union activities in Russia out of national and international legal frameworks."
ITUWA has appealed to the Supreme Court of Russia and is preparing for further trials.
Not long after Moroccan energy group, Akwa, acquired an 80 per cent stake in Ivorian fuel distribution company Klenzi in December 2014, workers began to feel the full force of its anti-union policies.
Klenzi has shown a complete lack of respect for the labour laws, the labour inspectorate and the Labour Ministry of Côte d'Ivoire in trying to oust IndustriALL energy affiliate SYNTEPCI.
Trouble began in September 2015, when Klenzi refused to allow elections of worker representatives because it would have meant obtaining a list of candidates from SYNTEPCI and recognizing the union at the company. Eventually, following an arbitration meeting organized by the labour inspectorate in May 2017, Klenzi's CEO Ali Boutaleb refused to sign the minutes of the meeting.
After that, workers were subjected to all forms of threats and harassment to intimidate them leaving SYNTEPCI. After three employees refused to draw up a list of workers to target, the CEO himself wrote to employees on 5 July 2017 asking them to renounce their affiliation to SYNTEPCI. It soon became apparent the company was forcing employees to sign the letter under duress, which lead SYNTEPCI general secretary, Jeremy Wondje, to make an urgent complaint to the labour inspector.
The labour inspectorate called for a meeting between the parties on 3 August but Klenzi management failed to turn up. The workers who attended the meeting were sanctioned with written warnings for leaving work without permission.
After continuous intimidation one of the ten workers that had refused to sign the letter renouncing affiliation to SYNTEPCI, sent an SMS to his colleagues revealing that he had bowed under pressure, saying: "Hello comrades, truly I am weak, I couldn't hold out. I signed. My apologies."
Out of the nine remaining employees who refused to sign the letter renouncing their affiliation to SYNTEPCI, eight have been fired.
When the CEO's secretary also refused to sign, she was sent to work as a pump operator at the Tongon mine in Korhogo, where Klenzi delivers fuel.
On 31 January 2018, SYNTEPCI held a three-day strike to protest at the violations of freedom of association at Klenzi, as well as problems with other oil companies in Côte d'Ivoire. However, the situation remains unresolved.
Governments must recognize the legitimate and essential role of trade unions in redressing inequality, increasing prosperity and enlarging the tax base through higher wages. They must also do more to protect unions, says IndustriALL General Secretary, Valter Sanches:
"Too much power in the hands of multinational companies - that indulge in union busting to protect their bottom lines – has negative impacts on entire communities and societies. Governments need to push back against corporate greed, and that includes defending the right of freedom of association through strong action."
There is a glimmer of hope as a new generation of workers, faced with precarious work and low wages, realize that collective action is the best way of defending their interests. In 2017, there were 262,000 new union members in the USA, of whom 75 per cent were aged under 35. Some of the biggest gains came in organizing drives led by women and people of colour.
"The more trade unions can grow by appealing to young people and women, the stronger they will be to counter union-busting attacks," concludes Sanches.
Global Worker
Union Busting Feature
Full Global Worker (2018 #1)
About IndustriALL
IndustriALL Global Union's affiliates represent over 50 million workers in 140 countries in the mining, energy and manufacturing sectors.
We take up the fight for better working conditions and trade union rights around the world.
Join the movement and follow us on:
For questions and press enquiries:


You are here: Home AWAKEN Starseed Messages The Arcturians The Arcturians- Declaration of Sovereignty, Releasing the 3d matrix and Anchoring to the Crystalline Grid for Accessing Higher Dimensions.
The Arcturians- Declaration of Sovereignty, Releasing the 3d matrix and Anchoring to the Crystalline Grid for Accessing Higher Dimensions.
****Thank You so much if you choose to share my message, but please due so in its entirety and with credit back to my personal site as it is copyrighted. Namaste.**** - January 1,2016.


text:
package util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * Created by joao on 10/12/15.
 */
public class Config {
    private static Config instance = null;
    public String kafkaZooKeeper;
    public String cassandraKeyspace;
    public String cassandraAddress;

    protected Config() {
        try {
            String filename = "stormids.config";
            ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
            BufferedReader txtReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(classLoader.getResourceAsStream(filename)));
            String config;
            while ((config = txtReader.readLine()) != null){
                String[] options = config.split(":",2);
                if(options[0].equals("cassandra.keyspace")){
                    cassandraKeyspace = options[1];
                }else if(options[0].equals("cassandra.address")){
                    cassandraAddress = options[1];
                }else if(options[0].equals("kafka.zookeper")){
                    kafkaZooKeeper = options[1];
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("File not found");
        }
    }
    public static Config getInstance() {
        if(instance == null) {
            instance = new Config();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bred by Amy Jackson, by Visage and out of her Anglo mare Aloha Serene, Vail was one of the first crop, born in 2004. He competed successfully in Intro eventing early in his career, then showjumping at D Grade heights, and even a little dressage. He has now moved to the Southern Highlands with Jane Robinson and is loving his new life.


text:
En Directo: Gira 2005 desde La Coruña es el título del primer álbum en directo de la cantante española Marta Sánchez.Fue lanzado el 11 de abril de 2005 bajo el sello discográfico de Universal Music.

Grabación

El álbum fue grabado durante la gira 2005 de la cantante por España. La lista de canciones comprende sus grandes éxitos del álbum "Mujer", "Desconocida", "Soy yo", "Lo mejor de Marta Sánchez", su dueto con Andrea Bocelli "Vivo por ella", la aplaudida interpretación de la copla "Y sin embargo te quiero" y tres temas de su época en Olé Olé: "Con solo una mirada", "Lilí Marlen" y "Soldados del amor". Sin canciones del álbum "Mi mundo". El formato del disco es un CD/DVD.

Lista de canciones

CD/DVD

El DVD contiene además del concierto, fotos de la gira y el video-clip "Profundo valor".

Listas

Semanales

Personal

 Coro: Paco Arrojo
 Guitarra: Jorge d'Amico
 Dominando, grabación y mezcla: Santiago Fernández
 Adaptación: Carlos Toro Montoro
 Voz: Marta Sánchez
 Percusión y saxofón: Playa de Roberto
 Adaptación: Carlos Toro
 Dirección musical: Jorge Villaescusa

Referencias

Álbumes en vivo de 2005
Álbumes de Marta Sánchez

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bracknell, UK. 26 September 2016 – Panasonic Toughbook is celebrating 20 years of the legendary rugged mobile computing brand on September 26th, 2016, and to celebrate those still in possession of one of the earliest working Toughbook notebooks could win the trip of a lifetime to Japan.
Twenty years on and the latest analysis by VDC Research shows Panasonic leads the European rugged notebook and tablet markets with a 66% rugged notebook and convertible share of sales and a 59% rugged tablet revenue share of sales in 2015. In fact, the Panasonic Toughbook and Toughpad range sold more devices across Europe in 2015 than the rest of the rugged notebook and tablet competition combined.
A combination of listening to the market and a passion to meticulously research, develop, build, test and market its own products has helped Panasonic Toughbook achieve a range of firsts that have set the benchmark for rugged mobile computing devices in the 20th and 21st centuries.
This device, with its inbuilt CD-Rom and use of Magnesium alloy, was the basis for the future Toughbook range.
This pioneering device was designed to withstand falls from up to 70 centimetres, resist dust and humidity – elements which became the blueprint for future Toughbook models.
The world's first notebook to introduce integrated GSM or WAN capabilities allowing mobile workers to communicate with each other, their office or the outside world. Also the first Toughbook to have the option of a touchscreen and the first with its Hard Disk Drive (HDD) surrounded by a gel and foam block to keep it secure and absorb any impact forces.
The Toughbook CF-07 mini PC broke new ground by introducing a revolutionary wireless display. The PC and separate display unit could communicate up to 50m, bringing a whole new level of flexibility and mobility to the work environment.
The CF-U1 took the rugged heritage of Toughbook to a more mobile, handheld level. It featured a full Windows operating system and a host of integrated features such as barcode scanner, fingerprint reader, camera and hot-swap batteries, enabling mobile field workers to do more on the move.
The Panasonic Toughpad product line is purpose built for professional use. The range of ruggedised tablet computers is extremely durable, resistant to high drops, dust, water spills and high temperatures.
The combined rugged tablet and notebook delivers unrivaled versatility for mobile – a fully rugged notebook with detachable tablet that can be used in 6 different modes to meet every business need.


text:
No. 8 Titans win twice against No. 14 Wash U
Jack Sweeney, Staff Writer
There was no shortage of defense and incredible pitching on Saturday, April 11 when the eighth-ranked Illinois Wesleyan University Titans faced the fourteenth-ranked Washington University Bears.
The Bears were looking for redemption after falling to the Titans earlier in the year 6-5, but the Titans had other ideas.
Senior Chloe Montgomery started the first game for the Titans, and she was dominant. She threw a no-hitter into the top of the sixth inning and ended up with 7.0 IP, 3 H, 0 ER and the win.
The game remained tied through five innings until senior Hannah Bowen knocked in teammate junior Sam Gudat with a two-out single. This gave the Titans the lead for good.
First-year Amanda Lack helped extend the lead in the bottom of the sixth inning with a single up the middle, which scored junior teammate Danielle Smith. Montgomery and the Titans were able to shut out the Bears offense for the first time all season, with a final score of 2-0 in the first game of the double-header.
Game Two
It did not take nearly as long for the Titans to score in the second game of Saturday's double-header. Catcher Danielle Smith singled in Bowen early in the first inning to give the Titans the lead 1-0. Then in the second, Montgomery and Gudat hit RBI singles, which gave the Titans a three run lead they would not lose.
Junior pitcher Jenna Noland was awarded the win. She pitched 3.2 innings and only gave up two hits and no earned runs. The final score was 3-1 and the Titans completed the season sweep of the Washington University Bears.
While the Titans are not overly concerned with their national rank, beating the fourteenth-ranked team twice in one day could only help. With four games left and a 22-4 record, the Titans appear a strong favorite to win the CCIW Championship.
After losing to the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater in the NCAA Super-Regional last year, the Titans look to advance even further this year.
The Titans will close out their non-conference play Tuesday against Depauw University with a double-header. The College Conference of Illinois & Wisconsin Championships will take place May 1-2.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Citizens United Decision: Money at Issue Funds Speech Not Candidates | United States
Citizens United Decision: Money at Issue Funds Speech Not Candidates
John Samples
The First Amendment Guarantees the Citizens United Decision: The money at issue funds speech, not candidates
John Samples is director of the Cato Institute's Center for Representative Government.
Many people say the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United is harming American democracy. Is it? Everyone knows democracy means "government by the people." But what does that mean concretely?
The people should select those who govern. Each citizen should have an equal vote on who holds office. But it involves more than voting. Citizens need information to judge candidates. There is no shortage of people willing to inform voters if government respects freedom of speech, of the press, and of association. The First Amendment guarantees these freedoms. It is a vital part of democracy.
Until last January, Congress prohibited corporations (including labor unions and some advocacy groups) from funding speech advocating the election or defeat of a candidate for federal office. In Citizens United, the Supreme Court voided this ban on First Amendment grounds. These organizations may now spend freely on political speech.
Citizens United has critics.
Incumbents fear new speakers will lead to electoral defeats. Other critics believe the First Amendment applies only to "natural" persons and not to legal individuals like corporations.
The Constitution says otherwise.
The Constitution indicates when a right or opportunity is limited to citizens or persons. The 15th Amendment protects the right "of citizens" to vote and defends against racial discrimination. The privileges and immunities of citizens are protected elsewhere as well. Only citizens are eligible for the presidency. The Constitution also mentions "persons" in several places. The First Amendment says only that Congress "shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech." It does not say "the freedom of speech of citizens." The speech, not the speaker, is important, and it cannot be denied that Congress prohibited speech prior to Citizens United. Others say businesses will dominate debate.
Democracy, they assert, means everyone should have an equal say during elections. We do not know the future, but we have some evidence from the past. In 2002, when corporations and labor unions could contribute soft money to the parties, such donations were evenly split.
There is a deeper question here.
Does maintaining equal voice in a democracy justify limiting the speech of those who say "too much"? The Supreme Court in 1976 said such rationales for restricting speech were "wholly foreign to the First Amendment." Why? To attain equality of speech, government would have to limit those who spoke too much. Equal speech could not be free. The media and its freedom of the press would not be exempt from these limits. The New York Times and Fox News enjoy more speech than average Americans. Fortunately for media corporations, Citizens United recognized that our Constitution favors freedom over equality of speech.
Critics argue that newly freed corporate spending will corrupt the legislature by buying favors for the few at a cost to most voters. Courts have allowed Congress to regulate contributions to prevent such corruption. But Citizens United did not involve contributions to candidates or parties. The money at issue funds speech, not candidates. The question of corruption is not relevant.
Government by the people requires an equal vote and the freedom to speak and associate. Democracy also requires toleration of unpopular speech. When government and citizens fall short of those ideals, the courts should act. In Citizens United, the Supreme Court fulfilled that obligation.
Read why Citizens United is hurting democracy, by Michael Waldman, executive director of the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University law school.
Eliminating Poverty: Lesson From Childhood
Wall Street Had a Meltdown, and All We Got (Besides the Bill) Was an Interminable Argument
Changing Our Tune to Natural Gas
Supreme Court's Citizens United Decision Will Warp Policymaking
Education and Wealth: Strongest Predictors of a Long Life
'Citizen Journalism' Fad is Not Journalism
Life's Little Lows Big Part of Going to High School
Happiness is a Matter of Perspective
Binge Drinking Numbers Rising
The Republicans' Bizarre Attacks on Elites
Joe Klein and Diane Sawyer Tour the Real Reality
Troubled Times: When Mark Zuckerberg's Generosity Is Not Good Enough
A Nation of Peasants?
Public Sector Workers Are the New Privileged Elite Class
Raising Retirement Age Will Help Save Social Security
Cutting Benefits Isn't the Way to Save Social Security
How the New Consumer Bureau Will Help You
Setting up the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The Truth Behind UFO Sightings and the U.S. Air Force
American Dream of Home Ownership Has Become a Nightmare
5 Traits of the New American Consumer
2010 Elections: Citizens United Decision: Money at Issue Funds Speech Not Candidates


text:
Q: Possible to extract title and pagenum of each page in a djvu file This is a djvu version of the questions I asked before for pdf files.
I have tried a similar idea as fred has given to the previous question. But I am now stuck at how to get the number of pages of a djvu file, because I don't know which command can be used for that purpose.
For the sake of completion, I now just rephrase the question here:
I was wondering if there are some ways to extract title and pagenum of each page in a djvu file? Either by some applications, or by programming in some programming language with some djvu libraries?
The title of each page is supposed to be the first line of the page, for example, in slides/presentation files.
The output is supposed to be a text file, with following format:
title_of_first_page pagenum_of_first_page
title_of_second_page pagenum_of_second_page
...

Thanks and regards!

A: Similar to the .pdf example, the following script will print the first line of text found on a given page (via head -n 1).
 You can see the available commands by typing djvused --help in the terminal.
djvused is in the package djvulibre-bin
if="$HOME/Downloads/The Geometry of Exponential Families.djvu"
pages=$(djvused -e 'n' "$if")
for ((i=1; i<=$pages; i++)) ;do
    printf "%s %d\n" "$(djvused -e 'select '$i'; print-pure-txt' "$if" | head -n 1)" $i
done

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Receives applications for patents, utility models' applications and industrial designs and assign application numbers.
Conducts formality and substantive examination of patents, utility model applications and Industrial design applications.
Prepares correspondences and reports during and after substantive examination, and issuing of certificate of grant, annuities and patent utility model.
Conducts technical searches and substantive examination of industrial design applications, prepares search reports and provides feedback to clients on search requests.
Provides technical and legal advice to general public on the general aspects of Intellectual property, application, protection, and copyright for software applications, patent drafting and registration processes.
Computes annuities due on granted patents for clients.
An Honors' degree in law, Engineering or related discipline.
Knowledge of relevant legislation relating to registration duties.
Ability to liaise and network with other Government Departments.


There's a line in Bob Seger's "Against the Wind" that goes, "wish I didn't know now what I didn't know then." Apparently he's grown to dislike the lyric, yet acknowledges that it resonates with a lot of people. There's a similar line in Heaney's "The Railway Children": "We were small and thought we knew nothing worth knowing." It's not as direct as Seger's, but there's a definite connection. The key to Heaney's sentiment is in the word "thought". It is obvious that the voice (Heaney's or not) presents a slightly different take than the Seger lyric. While Seger's claim is that young people are essentially ignorant (yet blissful), Heaney's claim is that children are not as ignorant as they think they are. Nice little psychological debate, eh?
Putting Seger (thankfully) aside for the time being- "The Railway Children" is a rare poem in this collection- rare because I actually like love it. It'll be photocopied and added to ye old binder for sure. Why do I like it so much? I'll start with the reference to the wisdom of children- as a teacher (who's moving to IQALUIT by the way!) I have to, and do, believe that children are wiser than we (or they) usually give credit. Furthermore, it's full of hope and such beautiful imagery that it makes you believe that the way children look at the world is maybe more poetic than adults- and maybe they're onto something.
What? What? What? You're moving to Iqaluit? When? Why? Are you excited?
I don't spend much time with small children, but I can tell you that teenagers are both very very wise and very stupid at the same time. I hope the kids in Iqaluit teach you many good things.
Moving at the end of July. As you may or may not know, I had lived in Nunavut before and I guess it hasn't left me.
That song gets to me...gets me choked up...don't know why.
Chuck, Yeah for a guy who sings mostly blue collar rock, he's certainly not a working class hero as much as he is a fellow downer! My favourite Seger cover btw, is by Kirstie Alley as Rebecca on Cheers. She was horribly drunk and singing it to Sam. It was supposed to be funny, but something about it captured the desperation in those lyrics better than Seger was ever able.


you were playing insane tunes on your own horn.
tower of his existential angst.
myself sank into a milky way beneath your feet.
guilty are left with cobwebs and shadows.
ideologues. I sat still in my sanity.
stupid enthusiasms were mocked by Christ's guilt.
the faintest sense that time has passed.
twilight of the diseased imagination.


text:
Фрэнк Максвелл Эндрюс (; 3 февраля 1884 — 3 мая 1943) — американский генерал-лейтенант, один из создателей ВВС США.

Биография
Родился в Нашвилле (штат Теннесси); его дед был кавалеристом, сражавшимся вместе с Натаниэлем Форестом. В 1902 году поступил в Военную академию в Вест-Пойнте, которую закончил в 1906 году, и был распределён в 8-й кавалерийский полк. С октября 1906 года по май 1907 года служил на Филиппинах, затем — в Форт-Хуачуке (штат Аризона). В 1912 году был повышен в звании до 1-го лейтенанта и переведён во 2-й кавалерийский полк, расквартированный в Форт-Блиссе (штат Техас). В 1916 году был повышен в звании до капитана.

После вступления США в Первую мировую войну Эндрюс получил 5 августа 1917 года временное звание майора и зачислен в Секцию авиации Корпуса сигнальщиков. С 26 сентября 1917 года по 25 апреля 1918 года он служил при главе Корпуса сигнальщиков в Вашингтоне (округ Колумбия), а затем был переведён в Роквелд-Филд (штат Калифорния), где прошёл подготовку на младшего военного авиатора. Затем он руководил аэродромами в Техасе и Флориде, а после войны сменил Уильяма Митчелла на посту главы авиационной части американской оккупационной армии в Германии. Там он получил постоянное звание майора, а затем перешёл из кавалерии в авиацию, которая с 6 августа 1920 года стала отдельным родом войск в армии.

После возвращения в 1932 году в США Фрэнк Эндрюс стал первым комендантом лётной школы в Келли-Филд (штат Техас). В 1927 году он поступил в Тактическую школу Воздушного корпуса в Лэнгли-Филд (штат Виргиния), а в следующем году — в Школу высшего командного и штабного состава в Форт Ливенворте (штат Канзас). После получения звания подполковника Эндрюс в 1930—1931 годах возглавлял Отдел тренировок и операций Воздушного корпуса, а затем командовал 1-й группой преследования в Селфидж-Филде (штат Мичиган). После окончания в 1933 года Армейского военного колледжа Эндрюс в 1934 году вернулся в Генеральный штаб.

В марте 1935 года начальник штаба армии Дуглас Макартур назначил Фрэнка Эндрюса командовать свежесформированными Воздушными силами главной штаб-квартиры, в результате чего все военно-воздушные подразделения армии США были консолидированы под единым командующим. Эндрюс получил временное звание бригадного генерала, а в следующем году — временное звание генерал-майора. Он выступал за использование в больших масштабов бомбардировщиков B-17, но в октябре 1935 года Макартура сменил на посту начальника штаба армии Мэлин Крэйг, который считал, что Воздушный корпус должен заниматься лишь поддержкой наземных войск, и приоритет получили бомбардировщики B-18.

Своими выступлениями в пользу выделения авиации в отдельный род войск Эндрюс нажил себе много врагов, и по окончании его четырёхлетнего срока на посту командующего Воздушными силами главной штаб-квартиры он не был вновь назначен на этот пост, и 1 марта 1939 года, вновь получил постоянное звание полковника, был отправлен в фактическую ссылку в Сан-Антонио в качестве авиационного офицера 8-го корпусного района. Однако четыре месяца спустя, когда Джордж Маршалл стал начальником штаба армии, он вызвал своего бывшего советника по авиации в Вашингтон и, дав Эндрюсу постоянное звание бригадного генерала, сделал его заместителем начальника штаба армии по оперативной части.

В 1940 году Эндрюс возглавил ВВС Зоны Панамского канала, а в 1941 году — Командование обороны Кариб. В 1942 году он отправился в Северную Африку, и три месяца командовал из Каира всеми вооружёнными силами США на Ближнем Востоке.

В январе 1943 года на конференции в Касабланке Эндрюс был назначен командующим всеми вооружёнными силами США на Европейском театре военных действий вместо Дуайта Эйзенхауэра. Однако 3 мая 1943 года B-24, на котором Эндрюс совершал инспекционный полёт, разбился в Исландии на горе Фаградальсфьядль .

Фрэнк Эндрюс похоронен на Арлингтонском национальном кладбище. В его честь названа авиабаза Эндрюс в Мэриленде.

Примечания

Ссылки

Генерал-лейтенанты (США)
Похороненные на Арлингтонском национальном кладбище
Выпускники Военной академии США
Выпускники Колледжа командования и Генерального штаба армии США
Погибшие в авиакатастрофах в Исландии


If you've lost your Nessie arrows, what can/should you do?
It may be for some publishers.
At the beginning of April 2016 AdSense yanked the beloved Nessie arrows from desktop text ads on many websites.
A few days ago a colleague and friend told me his Google desktop text ads no longer displayed the arrow (referred to as the Nessie arrow).
As of this morning, I've noticed the same on one of my sites.
The result: much lower RPM on desktop. Those arrows help get more clicks. They don't look pretty; they earn money and drive traffic to advertisers.
However, the Nessie arrows are prone to accidental clicks. It appears Google started addressing that at the beginning of April 1, 2016.
Frankly I've always been amazed the Nessie arrows are in ads at all. Regardless where the ads are placed in content, whether near navigation, pagination buttons, images or text, they look like a "Next page" button. They just do.
That said, I can totally see how some placements on some sites end up with more accidental clicks than other placements.
I guess my placement, which I didn't think was too aggressive, resulted in too many accidental clicks. That's okay because I have a game plan. Keep reading.
This is an update that's worked for 3 months starting March 2017. Fill in the box directly below to read how I've overcome the revenue-hurting Nessie Arrow penalty.
Thanks for requesting this bonus content. My solution is very simple. I replaced my above-the-fold in-content AdSense ad units with AdSense link units.
You see, not too long ago AdSense redesigned the Link ad unit so that the buttons are bigger and look like menu buttons. It's still a two-click system meaning you get paid only when visitors click an ad on the second page. However, this is great because the two-click unit insulates you against accidental clicks. Moreover, AdSense also dramatically improved the second landing page so that the CTR is actually really good.
FYI, these link ads are my highest earners (by far).
I suggest testing different colors and borders. I find a solid background with white text works well for me.
In fact, these link units performed so well on mobile I had to move them below the fold because although it's a two-click system, the CTR was so high, I didn't want to incur some other problem.
That's my simple solution in the event you lost the nessie arrows. Give it shot.
The best bit of information about the loss of Nessie arrows (in April 2016) on desktop text ads on some sites can be read in this thread at Google Product Forums.
Just had a great chat with AdSense Support Team.
A: Last week our product team changed the way arrow buttons work. They will no longer show on some desktop sites where the implementation is prone to accidental clicks. So when you do see text ads, they will be currently missing the arrow button, as you noted.
Q: What is the main cause in my site design?
Q: Is this done per ad-unit?
A: Apparently the change is made across the URL and can't be isolated to specific ad units.
Q: what is considered high invalid activity? is 1% too high?
A: Unfortunately we don't have specifics about how the Invalid Traffic team determines this.
Q: What are my options, is this a permanent change across my entire website?
A: The best thing you can do is change your implementation. We've been told that the system will continue to review pages and then if the implementation is better, the arrows will return!
Q: How soon after I make the change to the layout, will the arrow button return?
A: Not sure, will email more details over email.
Webmasterworld forum members on the April 2016 AdSense Earnings and Observations thread have reported the same (see jbayabas' message #4799059 here).
Roman Abramovich on Webmasterworld in Msg#:4799080 reports he's still getting arrows, but color changes are not showing on Chrome.
A few other comments to note from the same thread discuss observations that some big sites are dropping AdSense (Msg#4799093) and running other ad networks. Media.net is getting a lot of mentions too (for good reason).
Interestingly a few posters suggest the arrows are bad because they're ugly. That may be the case but they earn and that's the point, which is driven home the last few days as many publishers are watching AdSense revenue plummet without arrows on desktop ads.
The list goes on as to the AdSense chatter given these developments. I strongly recommend you check out the April 2016 AdSense Earnings and Observations thread. Usually these threads are pretty boring, but there's some good stuff there given these significant AdSense developments.
This fairly significant change is after AdSense changed the mobile ad design which I noticed also caused a drop in RPM.
Fortunately, we have the benefit of the chat transcript from the Google Product Forum above which suggests that you should change ad implementation to reduce accidental clicks and by the sounds of it the arrows will return in due course.
I'll be doing that for sure. Below I set out my step-by-step plan to deal with this.
Please keep in mind that I haven't verified that transcript above. I'm taking it at face value that it is indeed a transcript of a chat between publisher and AdSense rep. However, it reads fairly legitimately and makes sense to me.
Won't ad RPM decrease without high paying AdSense ads in the premium spots?
Yes, but AdSense isn't the only game in town anymore, which is fantastic. Yes, you must do some testing of different ads and networks, but there are other ad networks that can generate some great revenue. Moreover, those networks are more forgiving than AdSense with respect to placement.
On desktop, I'm going to replace my highest CTR Google ad unit (below post title) with either a Media.net (read review) unit or a TBN unit (read my The Blogger Network review). I'll probably test both and see which pays the best. I think you should also try RevContent. RC isn't good on my niche sites, but I've seen some amazing revenue numbers from colleagues so it's an ad network that can earn really well.
I specify desktop because this hasn't happened on mobile yet. That may come, who knows? I'll cross that bridge when I get there.
Initially I was going to wait to remove that top AdSense unit but given what the Google Product Forum thread sets out, it looks like the prudent thing to do is to get rid of high CTR ad units. That's no problem and for me it's the unit below the post titles.
I don't think it's a big deal in the long run. I may take a hit on revenue, but since TBN and Media.net are paying out so well these days, they'll do just fine and they'll be happy to have ad placement at the top of my site.
By removing the high CTR AdSense unit, I'll just wait until the arrow returns.
When the arrow returns to my existing AdSense ad units will I put AdSense at the top of the post below my titles again?
Probably not. That would be kind of stupid I think unless I get wind that Google decides to stop implementing this "no Nessie arrow" program.
While affiliate revenue is still a fraction of display ads (I've been saying this for way too long) I will continue working hard to diversify beyond display ad revenue by hopefully growing my affiliate revenue.
Normally I don't like changes like this because it forces me to work hard after I already have a smoothly running operation.
However, that's a poor way to look at what could be a monumental change with display ads.
My colleague who I chatted with this morning believes this offers some amazing opportunities. I think he's right.
Here's the deal, this change targets sites with an abnormally high AdSense CTR, which are sites with pagination, clever ad placement … often buying traffic.
Yeah, that's one of my sites, although I don't do pagination, but I do have fairly aggressive placement.
The thing is it may well be the case that many sites that focus on buying traffic may no longer be able to buy traffic.
This is great because the cost of traffic may very well decrease. For sites that can maintain decent RPM levels, buying traffic will cost lower (especially on the native ad networks like Outbrain and Taboola).
After all, the lion's share of native advertisers are doing ad arbitrage. If many get squeezed out, demand for clicks will go down.
BUT, and there's always a but. In order to take advantage of this potential opportunity, you must still be able to earn a decent RPM from ads. If you still have the Nessie arrow, you might want to adjust placement. If you no longer have the Nessie arrow, you'll want to test other ad networks in those premium ad spots.
Moreover, it will take a few weeks at a minimum before the cost of traffic goes down, I think. I may be wrong here though (I hope I'm wrong).
If AdSense RPM drops for many publishers, those publishers will use other ad networks which will help them grow, attract more advertisers and hopefully offer higher and higher RPMs. This, I think, is a good development because it provides publishers with real AdSense alternatives.
Please keep in mind this is a very new development so I can only speculate and report what I'm reading online.
Will I stop using AdSense altogether?
No. I'll put AdSense/Ezoic ads in places where the CTR is a bit lower. Basically I'll start by substituting my below-the-title AdSense unit with something else. That's the highest CTR unit.
Should you do anything if you still have the Nessie arrow?
I can't answer that. I don't want to suggest the wrong thing because I don't know what you should do. I think if you have aggressive placement such as below the title or near navigation such as "next page" links, it might be good to use another ad network and see what happens. You might be pleasantly surprised.
Can't all sites adjust like you suggest so they can keep buying traffic?
Some can, many can't. The thing is many sites doing ad arbitrage are not terribly good sites and have largely capitalized on the Nessie arrow. It really boils down on how much losing the Nessie arrow hurts a particular site. While it's hurt my site, it's not catastrophic because I have very solid revenue from other ad networks. In other words, my revenue is diversified across several ad networks.
Yes, the Nessie arrow helped me earn more, but I believe I can overcome its loss.
Please don't take me wrong. Buying traffic is not going to be easy. It never was easy. There are many moving parts. The key is to figure out how to make it work.
OR, do what I've been focusing on for some time and that's publish a site with a 3-prong traffic strategy which is: paid, organic search and organic social. Even if I can't buy traffic, I still have over 1 million monthly page views. Even a dip in revenue from one or two ad units won't hurt too much (it hurts, but I'll figure it out).
The key here is change in this line of work is inevitable. You must be flexible and ready to adapt quickly.
I will keep you updated with my developments.
April 6 though 13, 2016: Desktop RPM dropped to less than one-half. Nessie arrows still removed from ads as of April 13,0216. RPM on mobile and tablet remains stable.
April 13, 2016: Replaced below title AdSense (Ezoic) ad unit with 728×90 Media.net unit (desktop only). The below title space is typically the best performing ad location so this is a significant change. I've always run Google ads in this spot. It'll be interesting to see how Media.net performs. Given the plunge in Google ad revenue, I have nothing to lose.
April 18, 2016: My arrows on desktop were restored over the weekend. Desktop RPM increased nicely (as expected). BUT, I currently still have a Media.net unit in the #1 earning ad spot (below title) and I think for now I'll keep it there. The thing is, that Media.net unit below the title is earning very well… nearly earning what AdSense earned in that spot (but still not as much as AdSense).
Another interesting observation is the RPM increased quite nicely with having removed the AdSense unit below the title which means the arrows do help revenue in below-the-fold ad units.
Here's the deal. I don't know if the arrows are here to stay for all sites (it seems many sites have had their arrows restored) or if this is still part of testing and AdSense will turn arrows off on a per site basis based on CTR or some other criteria.
I'm going to play this day-by-day. If it appears arrows are here to stay across the board, even in high CTR locations/sites, I MAY restore AdSense unit to below the title. One other approach I'll test is placing AdSense units somewhere else above the fold to see how it does with the Media.net unit in the top spot.
April 19, 2016: Today I'm getting more image ads. I haven't seen an arrow on my B2C site that lost the arrows. I've kept the Media.net unit (728x90px) below the title. It keeps earning more and more each day so I'm very happy about that. I'm going to do some pretty radical testing over the next 2 weeks… stuff I've never done before on my B2C site. I'll keep this updated and publish a post about it. Stay tuned.
April 26, 2016: Nothing new to report. My site still has no arrows on AdSense text ads. C'est la vie. Earnings still good though… just not quite as good if I had arrows. At least it's not catastrophic.
May 6, 2016: Arrows have returned to my AdSense ads.
May 9, 2016: Despite arrows returning to my AdSense ads, AdSense revenue is still at fairly low levels, which is a big surprise. In fact, it appears the arrows have not increased revenue at all.
May 20, 2016: Desktop arrows gone as of today after 10 days having them back. Very strange. They come back, they disappear and so on. Totally unpredictable.
June 6, 2016: Arrows were back as of yesterday, Sunday, June 5, 2016.
a. The BAD News: Arrows were again removed about two weeks ago and have been gone since then. Amazingly, AdSense revenue is still decent, but definitely not as good if I had Nessie arrows.
FYI, I've heard from readers that a quasi arrow "penalty" is AdSense making text ads all grey instead of colored text/Nessie arrows. Perhaps this is a middle of the line approach for AdSense to reduce CTR. I've had my arrows flat-out removed so I have no idea how the greying of text ads impacts RPM.
b. The GOOD News: I'm absolutely delighted to report that I've not only replaced my lost AdSense revenue, but I'm now earning more from display ads with another ad network. I'm still using AdSense, but this new ad network is pumping a mind-boggling $15+ RPM on its own (I've had $18 RPM days). That plus AdSense and Media.net and I'm now making more on an RPM basis than ever.
What ad network has boosted my earnings to record levels? It's an alpha program soon to go to beta. I can't reveal the network yet, but I will as soon as this ad network gives me permission to do so. Besides, before I go off touting how great this particular ad network is I want to ensure these RPM's hold steady… or perhaps they'll climb. Stay tuned. If you join my email newsletter, you'll learn which ad network this is ASAP.
August 22, 2016: Arrows returned to my AdSense ads on desktop. Several days before this I removed the 728×90 unit from above-the-fold except for the 300×600 unit in the sidebar. I'm not sure if restricting AdSense units to 1 above-the-fold did this or if it's part of the very recent AdSense policy update (permitting more than 3 AdSense units per page).
I have a hunch the arrows returned because I now have only 1 AdSense unit above-the-fold.
November 30, 2016: I had lost the arrows sometime in September, 2016, and they've since returned about 1 week ago (November 23 or thereabouts).
Arrows have been back for me across all devices since yesterday (4/25) morning.
That's a great and I bet a relief. Did you make any changes with ad placement to get the arrows back?
I've been seeing them back everywhere so I kind of assumed everyone had them back. Are they still gone for you?
They're not back for me. I've even removed AdSense from above the fold except for one sidebar unit. Go figure.
Quick question for you: I have 3 Adsense ads (and a Taboola widget) on my site right now. What is Google's policy on placing additional ads from other ad networks (Media.net) on a page. I'd love to place more ads on my page, but not sure whether I'm in violation.
I use Ezoic's 5 ads which includes some AdSense if AdSense wins the bid for the spot plus 3 Media.net. I've not had a problem with this, but please keep in mind that AdSense makes its own rules. I can only tell you what I do. As far as I know having 3 AdSense and 3 Media.net ads is fine. My understanding is that as long as the ads look different than AdSense it's okay to run additional ads from another network.
@Jon I've been closely following some bigger sites where I saw the arrows disappear and it looks like they're back for all of them. They've been back for me for quite some time. Are yours back yet?
As of last Friday (May 6/16) the arrows were back. I too have seen them on sites that were missing them.
New update: noticing that my mobile RPM has been decreasing starting yesterday, find out it's due to about 40% drop in CTR. Checked out my site on mobile and I'm getting all image ads. Sure enough I go into my performance reports and see that Google is now showing a large and ever increasing amount of image based ads compared to text. Looks like another also update for mobile specifically.
Thanks for the update. That's news to me. I just had arrows restored to desktop 5 days ago so my revenue is fluctuating as it seems many publishers' revenue is fluctuating.
Yesterday i have lost arrows on one my biggest website once again. I see that many other websites still have them. Is it only me, or you have noticed more websites that lost arrow ads as well?
From what I can tell it's pretty random… they're being turned on and off.
Today I lost my Arrow Again. Last month for the first time Google Disable my Arrow in 25th April. And After one month they do the same !!
I was got arrow back after 15 days. It's disapointed to getting that kind of behaviour from Google. I don't know what they want? Around 80% earning drop my website.
Just found your post and get lots of information for implementing another network. I'm doing buy traffic from Facebook Ads and If Google gives me that arrow, My earning ROI 200-500%. But not It's not more than 50%. What should be better at this time? Need a good advice from you.
Sorry Sojib, I don't have any advice except you're probably still doing okay with AdSense on mobile (I am) and start working with other ad networks. There are other decently paying networks these days.
That's my plan. Now could you please tell me that is perfect for monetization?
The best configuration is the one that makes you the most money. Try them all and see what works best.
Thanks, Today I got back my Arrows Again 🙂 It's coming quickly than the previous time. Hope Now they consider putting arrows permanently.
By the way. What you think about RPM rate. Which is the safe RPM range? My RPM was $5-$7 . Now I will try to keep them into $2.5-$3, What you think about that?
Hey Guys, just lost my arrows on May 24. My ads were aggressively placed with paginated content. Going to change the layout of the site and try to get them back. Rpms have dropped about 6 times normal value which is not good for me.
I've the same stuff. What changes are you making?
I made the layout more friendly. It's very obvious now how to go to the next page and the nessie arrow won't cause any confusion. As a publisher I should of done this from the beginning, but you live you learn.
A big plus today is my arrows have come back. I lost them May 24 and it is exactly 2 weeks since then. I check my site every day using incognito mode and they are definitely back. Hopefully they stay too!
I noticed on my account that I've been getting a lot more placement ads when i do a report on targeting type compared to before. My traffic is definitely backing out for the advertisers and I think google knows too.
Hey Jon, Do you think if the arrows would be back or are they gone for good ?
I think they come and go depending on CTR. I've had them come and go a few times. I can only speculate what's going on. I've started working with other ad networks to be even less dependent on AdSense. I still use AdSense because the revenue is still good, but diversifying with other networks is a good idea.
The best alternative to adsense seems to be media.net but I think they have pretty strict publisher terms and require a lot of traffic to let people in. Also, have you observed that adsense arrows return after the CTR is under a certain percentage ?
I don't think there's any real way to get around it anymore – if you have a high CTR that we've all enjoyed over the last months, years or whatever – that's gone. You can try and be less aggressive with the ad placement and maybe your arrows will come back; but that likely only means they're back because your CTR is lower and you're still making less ROAS anyway.
When I first got the arrows removed on desktop, I switched more so to mobile traffic because I still had arrows there and the return on ad spend was decent. But, within a few weeks, the arrows were gone on my mobile ads and obviously CTR and return on ad spend dropped. And while I was focusing on mobile, my desktop arrows came back! Go figure…it's because I wasn't buying desktop traffic anymore and therefore my desktop ad CTR went back down. I'm sure if I started pushing desktop traffic again with the same ad placement, the arrows would be gone in due time.
I've been adopting Jon's strategy of trying to work in other ad networks while still using adsense to some degree because as Jon says, the payout is still good.
I'm now using a combination of media.net, adsense and native ad networks. It's more work and the return is much less, but there is still something there, for now.
@Sojib Rahman – 200%+ return is pretty amazing. But you know what…50% return is still pretty awesome. If I were you, I would not be upset with that, but rather look at it as the new normal. I think it's safe to say that 50% return is better than most of the sites out there are doing.
I think your assessment is spot on. My AdSense arrows are currently gone because as soon as they returned I cranked up some paid campaigns so they come and go. Thanks for the detailed comment.
This is a huge update and probably comes off the back of complaints from advertisers seeing diminishing ROI on their CPC budgets. If this has been rolled out network wide imagine the total revenue impact it will have!
My story is that 28 of may – my adsense CTR dropped 3 times.
I've try to work with FB traffic – and I saw arrows from time to time.
Also I saw arrows, then I ordered mobile traffic.
10-11 of june CTR back, so I decided that the arrows back too.
PS: sorry for my english. im from Lithuania.
Do you have any knid of idea about what CTR range generally removes arrows from adsense ? One of my sites had 3-4% CTR and it got it with the nessie update.
Also what would be a safe RPM if there is any ?
I have no idea. Wish I knew. The interesting thing is if I move AdSense so that CTR is low, I earn less than I earn not having Nessie arrows so for now I have 2 AdSense units in premium spots but no Nessie arrows and earnings are okay… not as good as if I had Nessie arrows, but better than the alternative.
I can't say I've ever noticed my Nessie arrows disappearing, I was never really aware of them in the first place, although they were probably always there. However, mine seems to have come back now. Now if I remember they always used to be blue in colour. I recently re-implemented a 300 x 250 ad unit and put it into the first paragraph of text on some of my articles. For the first week or so the Nessie arrow was exactly the same blue as my navigational buttons. However, last night I was looking at the website and I've noticed they've changed completely to dark grey. I'm not sure why this has happened. Having said that, when the ad unit is showing text link, the title is in the blue that I assigned in the first place, the same blue as my navigation. So at least people will still look upon this as a clickable link. But it just seems weird that about a week Nessie arrows were a nice blue, now they've changed, all of them.
I've heard of this happening too. I lost the arrows completely so I'd be happy for all grey. It seems AdSense is doing a lot of testing with arrows and ad CTR.
Which ad network are you saying is pumping out $15 dollar rpms? Kind of confusing in your most recent update. Adsense has added and removed nessie button back and fourth. I have a website that dropped from $8 RPM with adsense(insane for adsense I know) down to a measly .34 cents. Want to move as far away from adsense as possible.
My new ad network is in alpha right now so I can't reveal it but I will very soon as soon as they are ready to do a full roll out.
Update: I went back to desktop traffic and arrows were gone within a few days. It still blows my mind how so many of these massive arbitrage sites still have all arrow/text ads – I'm not even seeing image ads on their sites at all. They get massive amounts of traffic, way more than me, and yet they are still happily chugging along with arrows. It seems so bizarre that the Google algorithm change isn't being triggered for some sites to remove the arrows. Just venting a bit here!
CTR is so incredibly low now that I'm making more from a sidebar adsense ad than a prime placement header ad.
Thinking of switching to media.net altogether, and maybe just keep adsense in the sidebar.
Then keep native ads in the footer – those are still doing well.
I totally agree. I too see sites with a very likely high CTR having the arrows. I'm working with a new ad network that's doing very well for me. It's in alpha but once I can share the network, I will. Media.net is still chugging nicely for me too and surprisingly my AdSense 300×600 and mobile leaderboard ad units still perform well despite no arrows for me either.
Media.net good with facebook arbitrage ?
Media.net is good for additional revenue. I earn more with AdSense and Monumetric, but still earn a nice chunk daily with Media.net. Media.net is fine with Facebook traffic.
Thanks for this info. I have a site with 200k visitors a month, the 28/01/16 this started happening, it seems they are playing around now using a little circular arrow and no arrow at all. The killed my profit by 80% mostly my mobile revenue but also desktop, I am devastated. Any chance you hook me up with this new network via email? any help will be appreciated!
The new ad network is Monumetric and for some time it has outearned AdSense for me. Sorry to hear about your drop in revenue.
Are the arrows still back for you on desktop?
One good thing I'm noticing for my sites and competitors is that despite arrows coming and going, text ads are still appearing. I'm hoping Google is looking at the data and realizing a happier medium between text and image ads is a win win for all. Text ads without the arrow still perform a lot better in my experience than image-based ads.
Check out http://www.ayboll.com – They have banners with nessie arrows like Adsense but don't mess you around like Google do. Works great for arbitrage galleries.
Thank you for this amazing post. It did help me a lot.
I have run two successful native ads campaign to monetize my slide style articles from adsense. The ROI is quite impressive for me: about 50%. But after a few days, it fell straight to something like -20% or -%30. The firsst time it happened, I did not find out why. But the second time, I did notice all of my adsense ads don't have that god-damn arrows any more. So I googled it, which led me to your amazing post.
And I guess Google does also target accounts that exceeds some high daily income for this matter, but I am not sure of it. My adsense account rolled in $500+ each day when my campaign was successful. and then Google removed the arrows for my ads a few days later.
thanks for your detailed experience. The plus side is at least AdSense doesn't ban accounts and instead has a more moderate response. I've adjusted my AdSense and now have the arrows. I've found they come back after a few weeks if CTR remains low. How low must CTR be to keep arrows? I'm not sure.
Yes, thank Google for not banning me, the traffic is real and good. This could not be a mannual review and removal from Adsense team, but just algorithm stuff.
My CRT for those 'good' ad units are all below 1%, but the 'bad' ad unit CRTs is 12% and 23% in those two 'accidents'. For slide-style articles, the higher the pages per sesson is, the lower the ad CRT is, which is a good sign. I will try to keep the CRT of all ad units under 1% to see what would happen a few weeks later.
Amazing blog, BTW. WIll read more of your posts for more inspiration.


text:
Kingwood és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat de Virgínia de l'Oest. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 2.944 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Kingwood tenia 2.944 habitants, 1.283 habitatges, i 844 famílies. La densitat de població era de 460,2 habitants per km².

Dels 1.283 habitatges en un 28,7% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 50,5% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 12,3% dones solteres, i en un 34,2% no eren unitats familiars. En el 31,1% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 15,6% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,28 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 2,83.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 22,3% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 7,5% entre 18 i 24, un 25,6% entre 25 i 44, un 26,3% de 45 a 60 i un 18,3% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 42 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 81,8 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 29.155 $ i la renda mediana per família de 36.313 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 30.658 $ mentre que les dones 18.190 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 16.299 $. Entorn del 16,3% de les famílies i el 17% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

Entitats de població de Virgínia de l'Oest


text:
var assert = require('assert');
var common = require('../../common');
var pool   = common.createPool({
  connectionLimit : 1,
  port            : common.fakeServerPort
});
var server  = common.createFakeServer();

var fail       = false;
var seq        = 0;
var serverConn = null;
var tid        = 0;

server.listen(common.fakeServerPort, function(err){
  assert.ifError(err);

  pool.getConnection(function(err, conn){
    assert.ifError(err);
    assert.equal(conn.threadId, 1);
    conn.release();

    // fail the next ping
    fail = true;

    pool.getConnection(function(err, conn){
      assert.ifError(err);
      assert.equal(++seq, 1);
      assert.equal(conn.threadId, 2);
      assert.equal(fail, false);
      conn.ping(function(err){
        assert.ifError(err);
        conn.release();
      });
    });

    pool.getConnection(function(err, conn){
      assert.ifError(err);
      assert.equal(++seq, 2);
      assert.equal(conn.threadId, 2);
      server.destroy();
    });
  });
});

server.on('connection', function(incomingConnection) {
  serverConn = incomingConnection;
  incomingConnection.handshake({
    threadId: ++tid
  });
  incomingConnection.on('ping', function() {
    if (fail) {
      setTimeout(this.destroy.bind(this), 100);
    } else {
      this._sendPacket(new common.Packets.OkPacket());
      this._parser.resetPacketNumber();
    }

    fail = false;
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});


With a stay at this apartment in London (Wimbledon), you'll be within a 5-minute drive of Wimbledon Tennis Club. This 4-star apartment is 7.1 mi (11.4 km) from Natural History Museum and 7.5 mi (12.2 km) from Buckingham Palace.
Make yourself comfortable in this apartment, featuring a kitchen with a refrigerator and an oven. There's a private balcony or patio. A flat-screen television with cable programming provides entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Conveniences include a separate sitting area and a microwave.


Find More Posts by YamilR. Any 50 1, Find More Posts by churp. I mostly love that this article notes that Meghan Daum still has a job. Select one or more topics to subscribe to: Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Instagram. Perhaps the most surprising car on the list is the Dodge Caliber, which garnered controversy for perceived gay-bashing humor in a television commercial. But in a nutshell, this is not a car you want to invest in.
The RAV4 LE, XLE and Limited – What's the Difference?
Jan 08, , News in Focus Browse News Releases. Our 1, North American dealerships 1, in the U. The all-new Toyota RAV4 marks beginning of its fourth-generation.


More Practical storage solutions from Trudy – these units will keep your setting tidy and organised whilst keeping all equipment easily accessible for little ones. Modern, colourful and versatile options for any class room.
Complete with one adjustable shelf. The curved colour rails give this range its identity and add strength and durability to the design. The unit also has a unique top well which can store up to 3 additional trays. These units are mobile and easy to move around the classroom on easy glide rubber tyre castors, and once in position, the front two castors lock to prevent the unit from moving. The curved colour rails and modern half moon handles are supplied matching as standard and are available in a choice of colours Banana, Cool Blue, Grape or Lime. All panels are maple with matching impact resistant edges and child friendly curved corners.


Hi designers out there! Here are some design tips from BrandUp to help you keep your work looking professional and eye-catching.
First, KEEP YOUR FONTS SIMPLE. Classic, balanced fonts are the way to go. Notice that major brands like Verizon use simple Helvetica as their logo. A good font takes years to create, and takes a professional eye to create. Don't mess with a font that has unbalanced curves and edges your viewers find hard to read.
Second, DON'T BE SCARED OF SCALE. Keep the layout versatile. Apply scale to type, shapes or compositional features that need proportionate emphasis. Use appropriate colors to enhance this technique while making sure suitable typefaces that look good when increased in size.
Third, and most important, ADD YOUR OWN SPICE OF CREATIVITY to any work you do. Of course, all designers take inspiration from each other and it's okay to get fuel from a project you found elsewhere. But never forget to add your own individual twist to any design you create. People will appreciate that you can be different.


1870 German botanist Georg August Schweinfurth discovers the Welle River. Schweinfurth believes it to be part of the Chad system.
1877 Sulieman ben Ziber, successor to his father who is held in Cairo, revolts against the Egyptians causing the Zandé sultans break ranks with him.
1879 Rabah leaves Sulieman, who submits to the Sudanese authorities, and settles in the Dar Fertit.
1882–1883 Baltic German explorer Wilhelm Junker follows the Welle River to its confluence with the Mbomu establishing that it belongs to the Congo system.
1882 Rabah establishes his capital at the springs of Gribingui.
1884 April 20 Belgians Alphonse Vangele and Captain Hanssens, agents of King Leopold's Congo Free State, enter the Ubangi country.
July 7 English missionary George Grenfell departs Leopoldville aboard the steamer Peace to explore the upper Congo where he discovers the mouth of the Ubangi.
1885 January George Grenfell leaves Leopoldville for a return to the Ubangi and reaches the rapids of the Bangui River.
February 5 A Franco Belgian Convention establishes the border between their respective spheres of influence in the Licona Nkoundja region.
March 6 Alphonse Vangele reveals the extent of the Ubangi's course to French administrators Charles de Chavannes and Albert Dolisie.
May 16 Albert Dolisie establishes a post at Nkoundjia.
Rabah attacks the Mandjia at Kaga Kazangba. The Mandjia resist and defeat him.
1886 October 20 Alphonse Vangele reaches the rapids of the Bangui but can go no further.
1887 April 29 A Convention between France and the Congo Free State on the northern border of the Congo acknowledges French rights on the northern course of the Ubangi.
July 29 Albert Dolisie is attacked by the Bondjo on the heights of Modzaka while exploring the Ubangi.
August Albert Dolisie reaches the rapids of the Bangui.
Dunod explores the Mpoko basin.
September 12 Albert Dolisie holds the site of the Modzaka post.
November 21 Alphonse Vangele's second expedition conquers the rapids of the Bangui and reaches Satema (Mobaye).
December 2 Albert Dolisie makes a second reconnaissance of the Bangui rapids.
December 31 Alphonse Vangele reaches the confluence of the Ouellé and the Mbomou.
1888 Rabah decides to stay in the Chari country rather than return to the Nile.
February 13 The Vangele expediton returns to Leopoldville.
March The French post of Liranga is established at the confluence of the Ubangi and the Congo.
Albert Veitstroffer surveys the Ubangi from Modzaka to Bangui during low water season.
1889 Rabah raids the Valley of the Aouk.
June 25 Alphonse Vangele establishes the post of Zongo and later that of Mokoangay.
June 26 Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac establish a post at point 6 miles below the first rapids of the Ubangi. Dolisie names the post Bangui from the Bobangui word for rapids.
During the Year Alphonse Vangele identifies the Ubangi as Georg Schweinfurth's Welle.
1890 Rabah initiates a coup d'Etat in Dar el Kouti. He forces Sultan Kober to abdicate and replaces him with his nephew Mohammed el Senoussi.
Alphonse Vangele founds the Yakoma post at the confluence of the Ouelle and the Mbomou.
June 14 Alphonse Vangele signs a treaty with the Bangassou.
August 23 A French expedition under Paul Crampel departs Brazzaville at 8 a.m. aboard the gunboat Ubangi bound for Bangui. The party consists of Crampel, six associates, 25 Senegalese riflemen and 30 porters. The Ubangi tows for large canoes loaded with trade goods.
October 3 Paul Crampel leaves Bangui with Monsieur Lauzière, station chief Fondère and 35 men to scout the paths to the north.
October 13 The Crampel expedition makes its base camp among the N'Dris near Biri N'goma. Crampel prefers the N'Dris to the tribes living along the Ubangi who he considers lazy and prone to cannibalism. He further remarks on the difficulty in recruiting porters, having only 85 of them for 350 loads.
November 13 The French from Bangui take reprisals against the Bouzerou amd the Sabanga.
December Rabah departs Velad el Kouti after the having installed Mohammed Senoussi.
December 19 Paul Crampel's advance guard under Biscarrat battles the Langbassi.
December 31 Paul Crampel departs Bangui to rejoin his advance guard at Bembé and Makobou.
1891 February 13 Paul Crampel and the main body of his party reaches Châ.
February 19 The Fourneau expedition departs Brazzaville to explorer the Upper Sangha.
April 8 Paul Crampel, who was moving towards Chad, is killed in an ambush by Senoussistes.
April 13 An expedition led by Jan Dybowski, a naturalized French citizen born in Poland, lands at Loango.
May 12 The Fourneau expedition engages in fighting with the Bayanda who have united under the leadership of Chief Bafio.
June 17 The first ranks of the Dybowski expedition arrive in Brazzaville after a month long journey on the Loango.
July 6 The Gaillard expedition arrives in Bangui to survey the right bank of the Ubangi.
August 14 Gaillard founds the Mobaye post.
August 15 Doctor Noel Ballay is shipwrecked in the Satema rapids.
September 7 Gaillard founds the post at Abiras across from Yakoma.
September 18-25 Nebout explores the Mpoko.
Brunnache and Briquez explore the Ombella and the Kémo.
October 4 Jan Dybowski reaches Bangui and leaves three weeks later for the north.
October 9 The steamer Peace, carrying a group of missionaries, stops at Bangui.
November 14 The Dybowski expedition reaches Balao.
November 15 - 19 The Dybowski expedition camps among the Dakpa of Chief Zouli at Zamvouza.
December 27 Jan Dybowski, Brunache and Nebout return to Bangui.
December 13 Albert Dolisie issues a directive establishing a, "Modzaka-Mbaye zone".
1891-1894 A expedition sent by King Leopold visits the Mbomou and the Upper Kotto to establish itself in defiance of the 1887 convention. Treaties of protection are signed with the sultans Bandia, Bangassou and Rafai and the Zandé sultan Zémio.
1892 January 1 Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza appoints Victor Liotard commandant of Upper Ubangi.
January 10 The Maistre expedition departs Bordeaux for the Ubangi.
January 15 Administrator Largeau arrives in Bangui.
February 1 - 4 Jan Dybowski leaves Bangui for the Ouadda post.
February 6 The Maistre mission lands at Loango.
February 11 – March 3 Jan Dybowski makes a reconnaissance of the Togbos of the Kémo and establishes a post there where Brunche remains until April 7.
March 30 Victor Liotard arrives in Bangui as Commandant of the Upper Ubangi region.
July 1 The Ndris Ali makes contact with the Maistre mission on the Tomi.
July 3 Ndris Ali signs a treaty with Ndris Chief Azamgouanda.
July 18 The Maistre expedition begins fighting with the Mandjia.
August 22 Casimir Leon Maistre makes peaces with the Mandjia.
September 1 Casimir Leon Maistre signs a treaty with Chief Aouaka Yagoussou.
September 1 – 10 The Maistre mission crosses the Gribingui.
November 3 The Uzès expedition arrives at Bangui.
January 11 The Uzès Expedition reaches Abiras.
January 13 Monsignor Prosper Augouard, Vicar Apostolic of the Congo, leaves Brazzaville for the Upper Ubangi .
February 4 – 8 The Uzès expedition routs the Ngbougou.
February 15 Monsignor Prosper Augouard chooses the site of the future Saint Paul mission.
March 16 French and Congo Free State soldiers clash at Bangassou.
June 9 Casimir Leon Maistre holds a conference at the Geographic Society of Paris.
June 15 A Franco – German accord on the Congo – Cameroon border is signed.
1894 February 13 Monsignor Prosper Augouard founds Saint Paul's Mission Bangui.
March 15 A Franco-German convention establishes the border between the French Congo and Cameroon.
July 14 The French colony of Upper Ubangi is established.
August 28 An accord between France and Leopold, King of the Belgians, establishes the northern boundary of the Congo Free State in the Valley of Mbomou.
1896 La Compagnie Française du haut Congo operated by the Tréchot brothers establishes a post at Bonga near the mouth of the River Sangha.
March – September Goujon, the administrator of Nola, asisted by about 50 Senegalese militiamen, arms between 200 and 6,000 men then sets off to round up the Baya chiefs he suspects of furnishing soldiers to the Fulbé. Goujon occupies the market town of Koundé, which houses an important gathering of Hausa traders, to crush the resistance of the Fulbé chief of Ngaoundéré. The Hausa and their ivory are forcibly transferred to Carnot on the Mambéré River (a tributary of the Sangha), in hopes of developing a new trading pattern to the south, along the Sangha to the Congo.
1898 The colony of Upper Ubangi is divided among 17 commercial concessionaries who are granted a 30 year monopoly to exploit the products of the land rather than a monopoly on trade in keeping with the Berlin Accords which guarantee free trade in the region. The concessionaires pay an annual royalty to the colony based on a percentage of their profit, are required to build customs houses, construct telegraph lines, maintain a certain number of steamers on their river system and plant at least 150 rubber trees per ton exported. Any lands developed under their care become property of the concessionaire at the end of the contract. The largest concessionare, La Sociéte des Sultanats du Haut-Oubangui, is awarded a 140,000 square kilometer territory.
July 14 Bastille Day in Koundé is marked with a parade. Baboua, Chief of the Baya who surrendered to administrator Goujon, is marched before 80 chiefs of the country to make an impression.
1899 March 21 A Franco-British convention cedes Bahr el Ghazal, then occupied by the French of Ubangi, to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and places Wadai in the French sphere of influence.
1900 April 22 Rabah is routed by three French expeditions coming from Algiers, Saint Louis and Bangui. Rabah is killed in the course of a battle at Koussiri. His empire dissolves in the months that follow.
1902 The natives of the lower Sangha rebel against the rule of the concessionaires. Agents of La Compagnie des Produits de la Sangha are attacked at their post in Ndoki as is the agent of La Compagnie de la Sangha Ndoka at Ikelemba further down stream, the agent of La Société de l'Afrique Française at Pembé and that of the Compagnie Franco-Congolaise at Mboko. The insurgents seize 30 rifles and 2,000 cartridges at Ikelemba, rifles and 3,000 cartridges at Pembé and 40 rifles at Ndoki.
1903 December 29 The colony of Upper Ubangi is renamed Ubangi Shari.
1904 April An administrator in Bangui sends a clerk from the native affairs bureau to collect taxes in the Mongoumba region. The clerk, accompanies by an agent of the concessionary, takes 58 women and 10 children hostages from two poorly paying villages to Bangui where they are thrown in a dimly lighted, poorly ventilated cellar and starved. Only 13 women and 8 children are still alive by the time a young doctor secures their release. The case against the responsible administrator is withdrawn and his transfer from the hated backwater of Bangui to a desirable post in Brazzaville is secured.
July 1 Ubangi Shari is established as a separate colony apart from the French Congo.
1905 Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza heads commission charged with investigating the abuse of the natives by concessionaires. The Commission reports that the most serious cases have occurred in the region between the Upper Sangha and the Upper Ubangi owing to collusion between company agents and colonial administrators. The report continues condemning the practice of the Compagnie de la Lobaye in the territories of Ouham Nana where about fifty women and children were held hostage to force the men to collect rubber and died of starvation. The Government refuses to publish the report.
October 24 Treuil, an agent of La Société de la Sangha Equatoriale is sentenced to three years in prison for abuse of the natives.
1906 February 11 The territory of Ubangi Shari and the military territory of Chad are merged into a single territory, the colony of Ubangi Shari – Chad with Chad under a regional commander at Fort Lamy subordinate to the Governor of Ubangi Shari at Fort de Possel.
December 11 Bangui is declared the capital of Ubangi Shari.
During the Year The European population of Ubangi Shari numbers 148.
1907 Father Cotel edits a French-Banda and Banda-French dictionary and an essay on grammar.
La Compagnie de la Ngoko-Sangha, concessionaire on the River Sangha along the border of German Cameroon, employs some 20 agents assisted by local traders. The company has established posts at Ouesso, Ngali on the Ngoko, Ngoila and Sembé, the head of navigation on the Koudou. It produces a little rubber but specializes in the sale of weapons and ammunition having traded over 10,000 rifles, 200,000 cartridges and 60 tons of gunpowder in exchange for rubber during the preceding six years.
An investigation into abuses in the Mpoko concession above Bangui uncovers the murders of 750 natives and the probable murder of 750 others.
1908 An agent of La Compagnie de la Ngoko-Sangha is ambushed between Souanké and Sembé and his corpse mutilated. All communications cease and tensions increase in the Koudou and Sembé basin.
Felix Eboué, future Free French Governor General of Equatorial Africa, graduates from the School of Colonial Administration and is posted to Ubangi Shari.
1909 The uprising in the Koudou and Sembé basin is crushed.
1910 January 15 French Equatorial Africa is established encompassing the colonies of Gabon, Middle Congo, Ubangi Shari and Chad.
The army of El Senoussi takes Ouanda Djalle. The Youlou population flees the area.
1911 January 11 El Senoussi is killed during his arrest by Lieutenant Grundfelder.
November 4 France cedes the Lobaye basin to German Cameroon in exchange for a free hand in Morocco.
During the Year Monsignor Calloc'h publishes a French-Sango and Sango-French Vocabulary, Sango being the language of commerce in Ubangi Shari.
1914 August 12 – December France reoccupies the Lobaye basin and sends troops into German Cameroon.
1920 March 17 Ubangi Shari and Chad are formed into separate colonies.
1921 December 15 René Maran is awarded the Goncourt Prize for his book Batouala in which he denounces the abuses of French colonialism in Africa. Batouala is banned in Equatorial Africa and Maran is forced to resign his post as colonial administrator in Ubangi Shari.
1922 Stamps of Ubangi Shari replace those of Ubangi Shari – Chad.
1923 Ubangi Shari's border with Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is demarcated.
1926 André Gide arrives in Bangui where he uncovers the Lobaye and the Upper Sangha scandals which he later describes in his book Voyage au Congo.
Chief Samba Ngotto denounces the massacres of Botembélé.
The European population of Ubangi Shari numbers 327.
1928 -1930 Karinou, nom de guerre Kongowara, leads a general uprising of the Baya and other tribes in the region of the Upper Sangha, the Shari and as far as the borders of Cameroon and the Congo.
December 11 Karinou is killed by the colonial army.
1929 June 24 Berandjoko, who has been in rebellion against the colonial authorities since 1906, is captured and killed in the forest of the Lobaye.
During the Year Albert Londres and Robert Poulaine uncover the scandals of the Congo-Ocean railway construction during which numerous workers from Ubangi Shari died.
1930 Father Marcel Gérard publishes Sango, The Commercial Language of Ubangi Shari.
1931 Felix Eboué's book, Les Peuples de l'Oubangui-Chari (The People of Ubangi-Shari) is published.
1938 Barthélemy Boganda becomes the first native of Ubangi Shari to be ordained as a Catholic priest.
1940 July 20 A Gaullist coup attempt is defeated in Bangui.
August 28 Governor Pierre de Saint Mart receives telegram informing him that Colonel Edgard de Larminat has taken control of the administration in Brazzaville for Free France. The Governor declares Ubangi-Shari's rally to Free France. The Vichy officers commanding the local garrison threaten a coup d'etat.
September 30 Ubangi Shari rallies to Free France after Colonel de Larminat arrives by plane with an offer to return Pro-Vichy officers to Dakar.
October 21 General De Gaulle visits Bangui.
During the Year Ubangi Shari's first bank, a branch of the Banque Nationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie-Afrique, opens in Bangui.
1945 December 19 Governor General Bayardelle plan to partition French Equatorial Africa into three territories (Gabon-Middle Congo, the Islamic Region of Chad and the High River Countries with Bangui as their capital) is opposed by the Chamber of Commerce.
1946 May 1 La Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale opens a branch in Bangui.
October 27 Ubangi Shari becomes an overseas territory of France.
November 10 Barthélemy Boganda is elected Deputy of Ubangi Shari to the French National Assembly.
1947 March – December The territorial assembly of Ubangi Shari and the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa are established.
1949 September 28 Barthélemy Boganda founds the Movement for Social Evolution in Black Africa (MESAN).
1951 January 10 Deputy Barthélemy Boganda and his wife are arrested after an incident in a local produce market in the Lobaye.
June 17 Barthélemy Boganda is reelected to the French National Assembly despite fierce opposition.
1952 March 30 MESAN wins all the seats in the Territorial Assembly of Ubangi Shari.
1954 April 30 – May 1 Demonstrations in Berberati turn violent. Deputy Barthélemy Boganda arrives on the scene and restores calm.
1956 January 2 Barthélemy Boganda is reelected to the French National Assembly.
June 23 The Deffere Law opens the way to internal autonomy in the overseas territories.
November 18 Barthélemy Boganda is elected Mayor of Bangui.
1957 February 4 The office of governor is replaced by that of High Commissioner.
May 17 The first Ubangi Shari government is formed under the leadership of Doctor Abel Goumba.
June 18 Barthélemy Boganda is elected President of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa.
1958 September 28 Ubangi Shari votes 98.1% in favor of the Fifth Republic and continued membership in the French Community. Barthélemy Boganda recommends an independent republic composed of the French Equatorial African countries and a United States of Latin Africa.
November 2 Chad, Gabon and the French Congo reject Grand Council President Barthélemy Boganda's call for the establishment of a Central African Republic comprised of the four territories of French Equatorial Africa, Cameroon and later extended from Ruanda Urundi to Angola. French Equatorial Africa is dissolved.
December 1 The autonomous Central African Republic is proclaimed. Its territory is limited to Ubangi Shari.
December 8 Barthélemy Boganda becomes Prime Minister of the Central African Republic.
1959 February 16 The Territorial Assembly adopts a democratic constitution introduced by Barthélemy Boganda.
March 29 Barthélemy Boganda is killed in an airplane crash. Abel Goumba becomes interim Prime Minister of the Central African Republic.
May 5 David Dacko is elected Prime Minister of the Central African Republic.
1960 August 13 The Central African Republic is declared independent by France. David Dacko becomes president.


text:
(function () {

    var app = angular.module('AIGApp', ['ngRoute']);
    app.config(routeConfiguration);

    function routeConfiguration($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider
                // route for the home page
                .when('/', {
                    templateUrl: 'pages/home/homeView.html',
                    controller: 'homeController'
                })

                // route for the about page
                .when('/about', {
                    templateUrl: 'pages/about/aboutView.html',
                    controller: 'aboutController'
                })

                // route for the contact page
                .when('/contact', {
                    templateUrl: 'pages/contact/contactView.html',
                    controller: 'contactController'
                });
    };

}());