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S.C. 2001, c. 6 - Table of Contents
S.C. 2001, c. 6
Marine Liability Act (S.C. 2001, c. 6)
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Act current to 2019-12-22 and last amended on 2018-12-13. Previous Versions
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SCHEDULE 6(Sections 57 and 59)Text of Articles 1 to 4, 6 to 10, 12 to 15, 36 ter, 29, 33 and 37 of the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as Amended by the Resolution of 2000
For the purposes of this Convention:
1 1992 Liability Convention means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992.
1bis 1971 Fund Convention means the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971. For States Parties to the Protocol of 1976 to that Convention, the term shall be deemed to include the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by that Protocol.
2 Ship, Person, Owner, Oil, Pollution Damage, Preventive Measures, Incident, and Organization have the same meaning as in Article I of the 1992 Liability Convention.
3 Contributing Oil means crude oil and fuel oil as defined in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) below:
(a) Crude Oil means any liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation. It also includes crude oils from which certain distillate fractions have been removed (sometimes referred to as "topped crudes") or to which certain distillate fractions have been added (sometimes referred to as "spiked" or "reconstituted" crudes).
(b) Fuel Oil means heavy distillates or residues from crude oil or blends of such materials intended for use as a fuel for the production of heat or power of a quality equivalent to the "American Society for Testing and Materials' Specification for Number Four Fuel Oil (Designation D 396-69)", or heavier.
4 Unit of account has the same meaning as in Article V, paragraph 9, of the 1992 Liability Convention.
5 Ship's tonnage has the same meaning as in Article V, paragraph 10, of the 1992 Liability Convention.
6 Ton, in relation to oil, means a metric ton.
7 Guarantor means any person providing insurance or other financial security to cover an owner's liability in pursuance of Article VII, paragraph 1, of the 1992 Liability Convention.
8 Terminal installation means any site for the storage of oil in bulk which is capable of receiving oil from waterborne transportation, including any facility situated off-shore and linked to such site.
9 Where an incident consists of a series of occurrences, it shall be treated as having occurred on the date of the first such occurrence.
1 An International Fund for compensation for pollution damage, to be named "The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1992" and hereinafter referred to as "the Fund", is hereby established with the following aims:
(a) to provide compensation for pollution damage to the extent that the protection afforded by the 1992 Liability Convention is inadequate;
(b) to give effect to the related purposes set out in this Convention.
2 The Fund shall in each Contracting State be recognized as a legal person capable under the laws of that State of assuming rights and obligations and of being a party in legal proceedings before the courts of that State. Each Contracting State shall recognize the Director of the Fund (hereinafter referred to as "The Director") as the legal representative of the Fund.
This Convention shall apply exclusively:
(a) to pollution damage caused:
(i) in the territory, including the territorial sea, of a Contracting State, and
(ii) in the exclusive economic zone of a Contracting State, established in accordance with international law, or, if a Contracting State has not established such a zone, in an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of that State determined by that State in accordance with international law and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of its territorial sea is measured;
(b) to preventive measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such damage.
1 For the purpose of fulfilling its function under Article 2, paragraph 1(a), the Fund shall pay compensation to any person suffering pollution damage if such person has been unable to obtain full and adequate compensation for the damage under the terms of the 1992 Liability Convention,
(a) because no liability for the damage arises under the 1992 Liability Convention;
(b) because the owner liable for the damage under the 1992 Liability Convention is financially incapable of meeting his obligations in full and any financial security that may be provided under Article VII of that Convention does not cover or is insufficient to satisfy the claims for compensation for the damage; an owner being treated as financially incapable of meeting his obligations and a financial security being treated as insufficient if the person suffering the damage has been unable to obtain full satisfaction of the amount of compensation due under the 1992 Liability Convention after having taken all reasonable steps to pursue the legal remedies available to him;
(c) because the damage exceeds the owner's liability under the 1992 Liability Convention as limited pursuant to Article V, paragraph 1, of that Convention or under the terms of any other international Convention in force or open for signature, ratification or accession at the date of this Convention.
Expenses reasonably incurred or sacrifices reasonably made by the owner voluntarily to prevent or minimize pollution damage shall be treated as pollution damage for the purposes of this Article.
2 The Fund shall incur no obligation under the preceding paragraph if:
(a) it proves that the pollution damage resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war or insurrection or was caused by oil which has escaped or been discharged from a warship or other ship owned or operated by a State and used, at the time of the incident, only on Government non-commercial service; or
(b) the claimant cannot prove that the damage resulted from an incident involving one or more ships.
3 If the Fund proves that the pollution damage resulted wholly or partially either from an act or omission done with the intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the damage or from the negligence of that person, the Fund may be exonerated wholly or partially from its obligation to pay compensation to such person. The Fund shall in any event be exonerated to the extent that the shipowner may have been exonerated under Article III, paragraph 3, of the 1992 Liability Convention. However, there shall be no such exoneration of the Fund with regard to preventive measures.
4 (a) Except as otherwise provided in sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) of this paragraph, the aggregate amount of compensation payable by the Fund under this Article shall in respect of any one incident be limited, so that the total sum of that amount and the amount of compensation actually paid under the 1992 Liability Convention for pollution damage within the scope of application of this Convention as defined in Article 3 shall not exceed 203,000,000 units of account.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in sub-paragraph (c), the aggregate amount of compensation payable by the Fund under this Article for pollution damage resulting from a natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character shall not exceed 203,000,000 units of account.
(c) The maximum amount of compensation referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be 300,740,000 units of account with respect to any incident occurring during any period when there are three Parties to this Convention in respect of which the combined relevant quantity of contributing oil received by persons in the territories of such Parties, during the preceding calendar year, equalled or exceeded 600 million tons.
(d) Interest accrued on a fund constituted in accordance with Article V, paragraph 3, of the 1992 Liability Convention, if any, shall not be taken into account for the computation of the maximum compensation payable by the Fund under this Article.
(e) The amounts mentioned in this Article shall be converted into national currency on the basis of the value of that currency by reference to the Special Drawing Right on the date of the decision of the Assembly of the Fund as to the first date of payment of compensation.
5 Where the amount of established claims against the Fund exceeds the aggregate amount of compensation payable under paragraph 4, the amount available shall be distributed in such a manner that the proportion between any established claim and the amount of compensation actually recovered by the claimant under this Convention shall be the same for all claimants.
6 The Assembly of the Fund may decide that, in exceptional cases, compensation in accordance with this Convention can be paid even if the owner of the ship has not constituted a fund in accordance with Article V, paragraph 3, of the 1992 Liability Convention. In such case paragraph 4(e) of this Article applies accordingly.
7 The Fund shall, at the request of a Contracting State, use its good offices as necessary to assist that State to secure promptly such personnel, material and services as are necessary to enable the State to take measures to prevent or mitigate pollution damage arising from an incident in respect of which the Fund may be called upon to pay compensation under this Convention.
8 The Fund may on conditions to be laid down in the Internal Regulations provide credit facilities with a view to the taking of preventive measures against pollution damage arising from a particular incident in respect of which the Fund may be called upon to pay compensation under this Convention.
Rights to compensation under Article 4 shall be extinguished unless an action is brought thereunder or a notification has been made pursuant to Article 7, paragraph 6, within three years from the date when the damage occurred. However, in no case shall an action be brought after six years from the date of the incident which caused the damage.
1 Subject to the subsequent provisions of this Article, any action against the Fund for compensation under Article 4 of this Convention shall be brought only before a court competent under Article IX of the 1992 Liability Convention in respect of actions against the owner who is or who would, but for the provisions of Article III, paragraph 2, of that Convention, have been liable for pollution damage caused by the relevant incident.
2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that its courts possess the necessary jurisdiction to entertain such actions against the Fund as are referred to in paragraph 1.
3 Where an action for compensation for pollution damage has been brought before a court competent under Article IX of the 1992 Liability Convention against the owner of a ship or his guarantor, such court shall have exclusive jurisdictional competence over any action against the Fund for compensation under the provisions of Article 4 of this Convention in respect of the same damage. However, where an action for compensation for pollution damage under the 1992 Liability Convention has been brought before a court in a State Party to the 1992 Liability Convention but not to this Convention, any action against the Fund under Article 4 of this Convention shall at the option of the claimant be brought either before a court of the State where the Fund has its headquarters or before any court of a State Party to this Convention competent under Article IX of the 1992 Liability Convention.
4 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the Fund shall have the right to intervene as a party to any legal proceedings instituted in accordance with Article IX of the 1992 Liability Convention before a competent court of that State against the owner of a ship or his guarantor.
5 Except as otherwise provided in paragraph 6, the Fund shall not be bound by any judgment or decision in proceedings to which it has not been a party or by any settlement to which it is not a party.
6 Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 4, where an action under the 1992 Liability Convention for compensation for pollution damage has been brought against an owner or his guarantor before a competent court in a Contracting State, each party to the proceedings shall be entitled under the national law of that State to notify the Fund of the proceedings. Where such notification has been made in accordance with the formalities required by the law of the court seized and in such time and in such a manner that the Fund has in fact been in a position effectively to intervene as a party to the proceedings, any judgment rendered by the court in such proceedings shall, after it has become final and enforceable in the State where the judgment was given, become binding upon the Fund in the sense that the facts and findings in that judgment may not be disputed by the Fund even if the Fund has not actually intervened in the proceedings.
Subject to any decision concerning the distribution referred to in Article 4, paragraph 5, any judgment given against the Fund by a court having jurisdiction in accordance with Article 7, paragraphs 1 and 3, shall, when it has become enforceable in the State of origin and is in that State no longer subject to ordinary forms of review, be recognized and enforceable in each Contracting State on the same conditions as are prescribed in Article X of the 1992 Liability Convention.
1 The Fund shall, in respect of any amount of compensation for pollution damage paid by the Fund in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1, of this Convention, acquire by subrogation the rights that the person so compensated may enjoy under the 1992 Liability Convention against the owner or his guarantor.
2 Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice any right of recourse or subrogation of the Fund against persons other than those referred to in the preceding paragraph. In any event the right of the Fund to subrogation against such person shall not be less favourable than that of an insurer of the person to whom compensation has been paid.
3 Without prejudice to any other rights of subrogation or recourse against the Fund which may exist, a Contracting State or agency thereof which has paid compensation for pollution damage in accordance with provisions of national law shall acquire by subrogation the rights which the person so compensated would have enjoyed under this Convention.
1 Annual contributions to the Fund shall be made in respect of each Contracting State by any person who, in the calendar year referred to in Article 12, paragraph 2(a) or (b), has received in total quantities exceeding 150,000 tons:
(a) in the ports or terminal installations in the territory of that State contributing oil carried by sea to such ports or terminal installations; and
(b) in any installations situated in the territory of that Contracting State contributing oil which has been carried by sea and discharged in a port or terminal installation of a non-Contracting State, provided that contributing oil shall only be taken into account by virtue of this sub-paragraph on first receipt in a Contracting State after its discharge in that non-Contracting State.
2 (a) For the purposes of paragraph 1, where the quantity of contributing oil received in the territory of a Contracting State by any person in a calendar year when aggregated with the quantity of contributing oil received in the same Contracting State in that year by any associated person or persons exceeds 150,000 tons, such person shall pay contributions in respect of the actual quantity received by him notwithstanding that that quantity did not exceed 150,000 tons.
(b) Associated person means any subsidiary or commonly controlled entity. The question whether a person comes within this definition shall be determined by the national law of the State concerned.
1 With a view to assessing the amount of annual contributions due, if any, and taking account of the necessity to maintain sufficient liquid funds, the Assembly shall for each calendar year make an estimate in the form of a budget of:
(i) Expenditure
(a) costs and expenses of the administration of the Fund in the relevant year and any deficit from operations in preceding years;
(b) payments to be made by the Fund in the relevant year for the satisfaction of claims against the Fund due under Article 4, including repayment on loans previously taken by the Fund for the satisfaction of such claims, to the extent that the aggregate amount of such claims in respect of any one incident does not exceed four million units of account;
(c) payments to be made by the Fund in the relevant year for the satisfaction of claims against the Fund due under Article 4, including repayments on loans previously taken by the Fund for the satisfaction of such claims, to the extent that the aggregate amount of such claims in respect of any one incident is in excess of four million units of account;
(ii) Income
(a) surplus funds from operations in preceding years, including any interest;
(b) annual contributions, if required to balance the budget;
(c) any other income.
2 The Assembly shall decide the total amount of contributions to be levied. On the basis of that decision, the Director shall, in respect of each Contracting State, calculate for each person referred to in Article 10 the amount of his annual contribution:
(a) in so far as the contribution is for the satisfaction of payments referred to in paragraph 1(i)(a) and (b) on the basis of a fixed sum for each ton of contributing oil received in the relevant State by such persons during the preceding calendar year; and
(b) in so far as the contribution is for the satisfaction of payments referred to in paragraph 1(i)(c) of this Article on the basis of a fixed sum for each ton of contributing oil received by such person during the calendar year preceding that in which the incident in question occurred, provided that State was a Party to this Convention at the date of the incident.
3 The sums referred to in paragraph 2 above shall be arrived at by dividing the relevant total amount of contributions required by the total amount of contributing oil received in all Contracting States in the relevant year.
4 The annual contribution shall be due on the date to be laid down in the Internal Regulations of the Fund. The Assembly may decide on a different date of payment.
5 The Assembly may decide, under conditions to be laid down in the Financial Regulations of the Fund, to make transfers between funds received in accordance with Article 12.2(a) and funds received in accordance with Article 12.2(b).
1 The amount of any contribution due under Article 12 and which is in arrears shall bear interest at a rate which shall be determined in accordance with the Internal Regulations of the Fund, provided that different rates may be fixed for different circumstances.
2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that any obligation to contribute to the Fund arising under this Convention in respect of oil received within the territory of that State is fulfilled and shall take any appropriate measures under its law, including the imposing of such sanctions as it may deem necessary, with a view to the effective execution of any such obligation; provided, however, that such measures shall only be directed against those persons who are under an obligation to contribute to the Fund.
3 Where a person who is liable in accordance with the provisions of Articles 10 and 12 to make contributions to the Fund does not fulfil his obligations in respect of any such contribution or any part thereof and is in arrear, the Director shall take all appropriate action against such person on behalf of the Fund with a view to the recovery of the amount due. However, where the defaulting contributor is manifestly insolvent or the circumstances otherwise so warrant, the Assembly may, upon recommendation of the Director, decide that no action shall be taken or continued against the contributor.
1 Each Contracting State may at the time when it deposits its instrument of ratification or accession or at any time thereafter declare that it assumes itself obligations that are incumbent under this Convention on any person who is liable to contribute to the Fund in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 1, in respect of oil received within the territory of that State. Such declaration shall be made in writing and shall specify which obligations are assumed.
2 Where a declaration under paragraph 1 is made prior to the entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 40, it shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Organization who shall after the entry into force of the Convention communicate the declaration to the Director.
3 A declaration under paragraph 1 which is made after the entry into force of this Convention shall be deposited with the Director.
4 A declaration made in accordance with this Article may be withdrawn by the relevant State giving notice thereof in writing to the Director. Such notification shall take effect three months after the Director's receipt thereof.
5 Any State which is bound by a declaration made under this Article shall, in any proceedings brought against it before a competent court in respect of any obligation specified in the declaration, waive any immunity that it would otherwise be entitled to invoke.
1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that any person who receives contributing oil within its territory in such quantities that he is liable to contribute to the Fund appears on a list to be established and kept up to date by the Director in accordance with the subsequent provisions of this Article.
2 For the purposes set out in paragraph 1, each Contracting State shall communicate, at a time and in the manner to be prescribed in the Internal Regulations, to the Director the name and address of any person who in respect of that State is liable to contribute to the Fund pursuant to Article 10, as well as data on the relevant quantities of contributing oil received by any such person during the preceding calendar year.
3 For the purposes of ascertaining who are, at any given time, the persons liable to contribute to the Fund in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 1, and of establishing, where applicable, the quantities of oil to be taken into account for any such person when determining the amount of his contribution, the list shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
4 Where a Contracting State does not fulfil its obligations to submit to the Director the communication referred to in paragraph 2 and this results in a financial loss for the Fund, that Contracting State shall be liable to compensate the Fund for such loss. The Assembly shall, on the recommendation of the Director, decide whether such compensation shall be payable by that Contracting State.
Article 36 ter
1 Subject to paragraph 4 of this Article, the aggregate amount of the annual contributions payable in respect of contributing oil received in a single Contracting State during a calendar year shall not exceed 27.5% of the total amount of annual contributions pursuant to the 1992 Protocol to amend the 1971 Fund Convention, in respect of that calendar year.
2 If the application of the provisions in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 12 would result in the aggregate amount of the contributions payable by contributors in a single Contracting State in respect of a given calendar year exceeding 27.5% of the total annual contributions, the contributions payable by all contributors in that State shall be reduced pro rata so that their aggregate contributions equal 27.5% of the total annual contributions to the Fund in respect of that year.
3 If the contributions payable by persons in a given Contracting State shall be reduced pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article, the contributions payable by persons in all other Contracting States shall be increased pro rata so as to ensure that the total amount of contributions payable by all persons liable to contribute to the Fund in respect of the calendar year in question will reach the total amount of contributions decided by the Assembly.
4 The provisions in paragraphs 1 to 3 of this Article shall operate until the total quantity of contributing oil received in all Contracting States in a calendar year has reached 750 million tons or until a period of 5 years after the date of entry into force of the said 1992 Protocol has elapsed, whichever occurs earlier.
Information on Contributing Oil
1 Before this Protocol comes into force for a State, that State shall, when depositing an instrument referred to in Article 28, paragraph 5, and annually thereafter at a date to be determined by the Secretary-General of the Organization, communicate to him the name and address of any person who in respect of that State would be liable to contribute to the Fund pursuant to Article 10 of the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol as well as data on the relevant quantities of contributing oil received by any such person in the territory of that State during the preceding calendar year.
2 During the transitional period, the Director shall, for Parties, communicate annually to the Secretary-General of the Organization data on quantities of contributing oil received by persons liable to contribute to the Fund pursuant to Article 10 of the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol.
Amendment of Compensation Limits
1 Upon the request of at least one quarter of the Contracting States, any proposal to amend the limits of amounts of compensation laid down in Article 4, paragraph 4, of the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol shall be circulated by the Secretary-General to all Members of the Organization and to all Contracting States.
2 Any amendment proposed and circulated as above shall be submitted to the Legal Committee of the Organization for consideration at a date at least six months after the date of its circulation.
3 All Contracting States to the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol, whether or not Members of the Organization, shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings of the Legal Committee for the consideration and adoption of amendments.
4 Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting States present and voting in the Legal Committee, expanded as provided for in paragraph 3, on condition that at least one half of the Contracting States shall be present at the time of voting.
5 When acting on a proposal to amend the limits, the Legal Committee shall take into account the experience of incidents and in particular the amount of damage resulting therefrom and changes in the monetary values. It shall also take into account the relationship between the limits in Article 4, paragraph 4, of the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol and those in Article V, paragraph 1 of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992.
6 (a) No amendment of the limits under this Article may be considered before 15 January 1998 nor less than five years from the date of entry into force of a previous amendment under this Article. No amendment under this Article shall be considered before this Protocol has entered into force.
(b) No limit may be increased so as to exceed an amount which corresponds to the limit laid down in the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol increased by six per cent per year calculated on a compound basis from 15 January 1993.
(c) No limit may be increased so as to exceed an amount which corresponds to the limit laid down in the 1971 Fund Convention as amended by this Protocol multiplied by three.
7 Any amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 4 shall be notified by the Organization to all Contracting States. The amendment shall be deemed to have been accepted at the end of a period of eighteen months after the date of notification unless within that period not less than one quarter of the States that were Contracting States at the time of the adoption of the amendment by the Legal Committee have communicated to the Organization that they do not accept the amendment in which case the amendment is rejected and shall have no effect.
8 An amendment deemed to have been accepted in accordance with paragraph 7 shall enter into force eighteen months after its acceptance.
9 All Contracting States shall be bound by the amendment, unless they denounce this Protocol in accordance with Article 34, paragraphs 1 and 2, at least six months before the amendment enters into force. Such denunciation shall take effect when the amendment enters into force.
10 When an amendment has been adopted by the Legal Committee but the eighteen-month period for its acceptance has not yet expired, a State which becomes a Contracting State during that period shall be bound by the amendment if it enters into force. A State which becomes a Contracting State after that period shall be bound by an amendment which has been accepted in accordance with paragraph 7. In the cases referred to in this paragraph, a State becomes bound by an amendment when that amendment enters into force, or when this Protocol enters into force for that State, if later.
Winding Up of the Fund
1 If this Protocol ceases to be in force, the Fund shall nevertheless:
(a) meet its obligations in respect of any incident occurring before the Protocol ceased to be in force;
(b) be entitled to exercise its rights to contributions to the extent that these contributions are necessary to meet the obligations under sub-paragraph (a), including expenses for the administration of the Fund necessary for this purpose.
2 The Assembly shall take all appropriate measures to complete the winding up of the Fund including the distribution in an equitable manner of any remaining assets among those persons who have contributed to the Fund.
3 For the purposes of this Article the Fund shall remain a legal person.
Marine Liability Act
1 - Short Title
2 - Interpretation
3 - Her Majesty
4 - PART 1 - Personal Injuries and Fatalities
4 - Interpretation and Application
6 - Liability to Dependants
15 - PART 2 - Apportionment of Liability
15 - Interpretation and Application
23 - Limitation of Time
24 - PART 3 - Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims
24 - Interpretation
26 - Application
30 - Liability of Owners of Docks, Canals and Ports
31 - Amendment of Maximum Liability
32 - Procedure
34.1 - Regulations
35 - PART 4 - Liability for Carriage of Passengers by Water
39 - Regulations and Orders
41 - PART 5 - Liability for Carriage of Goods by Water
43 - Hague-Visby Rules
44 - Hamburg Rules
46 - Institution of Proceedings in Canada
47 - PART 6 - Liability and Compensation for Pollution
47 - DIVISION 1 - International Conventions
48 - Civil Liability Convention
57 - Fund Convention
63 - Supplementary Fund Protocol
69 - Bunkers Convention
75 - DIVISION 2 - Liability Not Covered by Division 1
79 - DIVISION 3 - General Provisions
79 - Admiralty Court
80 - Registration of Foreign Judgments
90 - Regulations
91 - PART 7 - Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund
92 - Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund
94 - Administrator and Deputy Administrator
101 - Liability of Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund
101 - Process for Claims
106.1 - Expedited Process for Small Claims
107 - Claims for Loss of Income
109 - Proceedings Against the Owner of a Ship
110 - Emergency Funds
112 - Levies To Be Paid to the Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund, the International Fund and the Supplementary Fund
120 - Governance of the Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund
125 - Regulations
126 - PART 8 - General Provisions
126 - Administration and Enforcement
130.01 - Administrative Monetary Penalties
130.01 - Assurances of Compliance and Notices of Violation
130.11 - Recovery of Debts
130.13 - General
130.17 - Public Record
130.19 - Regulations
131 - Offences
136 - Sale of Ships
139 - Maritime Lien
140 - Limitation Period
141 - Inconsistency
142 - Coming Into Force
SCHEDULE 3 - Hague-Visby Rules
SCHEDULE 4 - Hamburg Rules
SCHEDULE 5 - Text of Articles I to XI, XII bis and 15 of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as Amended by the Resolution of 2000
SCHEDULE 6 - Text of Articles 1 to 4, 6 to 10, 12 to 15, 36 ter, 29, 33 and 37 of the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as Amended by the Resolution of 2000
SCHEDULE 7 - Text of Articles 1 to 15, 18, 20, 24, 25 and 29 of the Protocol of 2003 to the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992
SCHEDULE 8 - Text of Articles 1 to 10 of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001
Table of Contents1 ... 1718 ... 2829 ... 3637 ... 4647 ... 5253 ... 6263 ... 7474.2 ... 7778 ... 8889 ... 9393.1 ... 101102 ... 106.1106.2 ... 107108 ... 111.1111.2 ... 114.2115 ... 118118.1 ... 123124 ... 130130.01 ... 130.06130.07 ... 130.13130.14 ... 133134 ... 142SCHEDULE 1SCHEDULE 2SCHEDULE 3 : Hague-Visby RulesSCHEDULE 4 : Hamburg RulesSCHEDULE 5 : Text of Articles I to XI, XII bis and 15 of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as Amended by the Resolution of 2000SCHEDULE 6 : Text of Articles 1 to 4, 6 to 10, 12 to 15, 36 ter, 29, 33 and 37 of the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as Amended by the Resolution of 2000SCHEDULE 7 : Text of Articles 1 to 15, 18, 20, 24, 25 and 29 of the Protocol of 2003 to the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992SCHEDULE 8 : Text of Articles 1 to 10 of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001Related ProvisionsAmendments not in force


text:
Preston North End v Sheffield United match preview: Red button, teams, referee, tickets
Lancaster City boss Mark Fell has called for non-league powers-that-be to make definitive plans for next season
Mark Fell reckons non-league managers will be tearing their hair out as they await news on when football will get the go-ahead to start again.
By Craig Salmon
Thursday, 9th July 2020, 8:00 am
While the Premier League and the Championship are playing the 2019-20 season to a conclusion behind closed doors, every level underneath the top two divisions have had their campaigns cancelled.
For clubs like Lancaster City who play in the NPL Premier Division, the focus now is preparing for the start of next season. However, clubs at semi-professional level are still awaiting for confirmation as to when the new season will start.
The Football League have bandied dates of the end of August or early September as to when football will resume in League One and Two and Fell believes that could be the time when non-league football gets back up and running too.
However, nothing is set in stone at the moment and the Dolly Blues boss revealed that he has heard a whisper that it could be as late as December before the game gets under way again.
What he does know is that the league have put forward proposals for the FA, and ultimately the Government, to look at. The Northern Premier League have also asked for fans' views and concerns about watching their team next season.
"I am hearing that many contradictory stories at the moment," said Fell. "The rumour mill is just ridiculous.
"I know the Northern Premier League have put forward proposals to the FA, who in turn have passed it on to the Government.
"I don't know what's actually in the proposals, but I know a taskforce has been set up and they met earlier this week to try to drive forward these proposals
"Apart from that, there is not much else I know. It's just ridiculously frustrating.
"Obviously what's happened with the virus has been awful and it has with the number of people who have died. But you look at the pictures from Saturday night – all the people who were out.
"I drove past a couple of pubs, they were absolutely wall-to-wall with people and I was thinking we can do that but we can't put 250 people, socially distanced, inside a big football stadium like the Giant Axe.
"It just doesn't make any sense so I think they have let enough happen in the country now to start really driving football forward."
"It's a personal view and some people may disagree with me.
"I think we need to get cracking. I think we can stage football safely by taking precautions.
"But at the very least, they need to give us a notional start date for the season.
"We can then organise some friendlies and start doing more than we have been doing in terms of training.
"I am still hopeful that we will start at some point in September, but I got a phone call on Sunday saying that we could be looking at December.
"I am hearing that many different stories at the moment it is hard to know which information is accurate.
"All our plans are in place but they just need to be moved into the right timescales.
"Everything is done and it's just a case of dropping it into a framework .
"My only fear was that they were going to say we will keep to the original date of August 15 which will have us all scrambling around and won't give us enough time for pre-season.
"I don't think that will happen – but it could happen."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Unable to split using explode containing two hyphen $str = "SC - ESV Parndorf 2 - 5 SV Horn";
$str4 = explode(" - ", $str,2);
$str5=$str4[0];
$str6 = explode(" ", $str5);
$Num=end($str6);
$str7=$str4[1];
$str8 = explode(" ", $str7);
$Num1 = $str8[0];

Unable to get number 2 and 5 out of the string if I have two "-".

A: For such a job, you'd better use preg_match:
$re = '/(\d+)\s+-\s+(\d+)/';
$str = 'SC - ESV Parndorf 2 - 5 SV Horn';
preg_match($re, $str, $matches);
print_r($matches);

Explanation:
/           : regex delimiter
    (\d+)   : group 1, 1 or more digits
    \s+-\s+ : a dash between some spaces
    (\d+)   : group 2, 1 or more digits
/           : regex delimiter

Output:
Array
(
    [0] => 2 - 5
    [1] => 2
    [2] => 5
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BANKNIFTY (10082) - Posted on 01st Oct when it was traded at 9600 "Resistance 9750-9950 below that down move only but in case trade and stays above 9750-9950 then only think about the upside target until then no need"
whereas on 01st Oct itself, after making low 9583, reversal happened and on 03rd Oct it traded above the mentioned resistance of 9750-9950 and went up to 10328 on 04th Oct. and yesterday it came down and took support at 9877. (so earlier resistance level of 9750-9950 now it becomes support).
ITC (340) - See post dated 19th Sep.


"In a sense, the Founding Fathers feared democracy because of the tendency of people to be carried away by their passion and easily led astray by demagogues, and I think that our modern polarization, augmented by social media, could well bring their worst fears to reality.
Diamond glass could make your phone's screen nearly unbreakable—and its inventor says the FBI enlisted him after Huawei tried to steal his secrets. The glass was a prototype for what Khan's company, Akhan Semiconductor Inc., describes as a nearly indestructible smartphone screen.
China already sells more electric vehicles than the rest of the world combined. And there's a long list of the categories you can choose from—including large buses, sports cars, two-wheeled motorcycles, and zippy scooters. One of the hottest categories in that list is "tiny cars.
When Google bought the advertising network DoubleClick in 2007, Google founder Sergey Brin said that privacy would be the company's "number one priority when we contemplate new kinds of advertising products.


text:
Q: How to display the four different WiFi connection states? I want to display the four different states of the WiFi connection which are, connecting, connected, disconnecting and ´disconnected´. I searched google for any such examples but i did not find.
Can anyone please provide an example?


Sending flirty, dirty texts is a great way to spice things up and keep them fresh – especially if you and your partner are long-distance. Lets imagines the things when designers text dirty.
BuzzFeed have added flirty, dirty texts series to show how do designers text to each other? To explore this question, These posters are filled with dirty-sounding phrases that designers and creative people will love most.


The Pilgrim's Office will not take into account the new signage and will continue granting the compostela to pilgrims starting from Lugo.
One of the symbolic attractions that many pilgrims value when making the Camino de Santiago is to be able to obtain a certificate that proves that they have traveled at least the last 100 km of the route in any of its variants. So much so that many pilgrims organize their journey starting only from localities that are at least this distance from Santiago, so that they can deliver their sealed credentials in the city of Compostela so that they can obtain the compostela. This fact is more important than it seems for some Galician municipalities of the Camino, from where tens of thousands of pilgrims leave for this reason.
The best known, and from where last July 1 out of 4 pilgrims who got the compostela, is the locality of Sarria, in the French Way (the route more crowded by much), but the minimum of 100 km to obtain the compostela also affects and much to the city of Lugo. Until now it has always been possible to obtain the compostela if it started from the Roman city, but with the recent new change of signage and the route carried out by the Tourism Agency of Galicia it was feared that this would cease to be so. The reason, the landmark that is at the entrance of the old city now marks 99.583 km to Santiago instead of 103.625.
However this week from the Office of the Pilgrim of Santiago de Compostela, responsible for granting the compostelas, it has been made clear that despite the changes, the new marking will not be taken into account when issuing the certificates. The pilgrims will however have to make sure that in their credentials there is no shortage of the Lugo stamp when presenting it at the end of the Camino. Had the change of marking been taken into account and denied compostelas, the change would have been economically detrimental to the walled city. The recent signposting and the new landmarks placed on the Primitive Way have meant substantial changes in the distances to Santiago; In the case of Lugo, has been shortened by 4 kilometers.


text:
The British Isles
Magical Britain
[Revolution] We're taught not to follow our heart
Started by Deitha Albron, January 12, 2022, 11:06:23 pm
Deitha Albron
Re: [Revolution] We're taught not to follow our heart
August 21, 2022, 10:51:27 pm #45
Deitha didn't quite know what to make of it all.
First Spaulding slithered like a slithy tove over to their table and introduced himself as though his presence were wanted - which it wasn't - and then his companion joined him. Probably to steer Spaulding away, if this other chap knew anything about anything.
"Pleased to, uh, meet you, Mr Audish, chief healer of spell damage, that's a very impressive title. I'm Deitha Albron," she paused for dramatic effect, "Custodian of Incomplete Obligations." She wasn't going to out-do Odhrán's title but she sure intended to out-do Audish's, and chose not to take the offered hand - it might be polite amongst men to do that but it wasn't quite the done thing for a man to offer a hand to a woman. "And yes," she emphasised, "my friend here is very talented."
For some people looks that could kill were a routine affair - but the look that Deitha gave Spaulding was less about overwhelming violence and more about understated torture and how long it would go on for. "Well, it's lovely to see you both but, you see, my friend and I were enjoying a quiet drink and, well, Mr Spaulding and I are more... professionally acquainted, and I don't drink with professional acquaintances. Not even ones such as your lordship."
She paused, wondering just where the evening was about to go. There was a reckless, impulsive part of her that wanted to get out her wand and spirit the pair of them away. Spaulding's charm was entirely absent, whatever he thought he might have had; Audish's entirely superficial charm was still an improvement, however.
The two of them didn't show any immediate signs of moving or any body language to indicate such, so she presumed that on some level Spaulding at least wanted to try to cosy up to her. He'd better not. He might need some help from his friend there - for spell damage.
A wicked grin flashed upon her face. She hoped that Odhrán had clocked the idea in her mind even if it was just a brief glimmer.
"So, Mr Audish, I must admit I have visited the hospital, though not for spell damage, but I can't help wondering, is there a department for treating people who are cursed with..." She fumbled for the right words. "...the maladies for overly-solicitous limbs, resulting in being cursed and/or broken?" She smiled at him winsomely, as if to make the point. Spaulding had that demeanour about him that he wouldn't take no for an answer, and it would be useful to know whether St. Mungo's would be able to treat him or not, afterwards.
Vincent Spaulding
Death Eater
Of all the impudence. Here he was, just coming to see an old friend, and make a new acquaintance, replete with a bottle of the good stuff to ingratiate himself - and old man Audish had decided to intervene!
Well, of course it wasn't quite like that, but it certainly felt that way. He'd never forgive himself if Aurelius lured the dashing princess away before he could convince her of his own not-insubstantial charms.
'Professionally acquainted'? Is that what she called it? Of all the impudence! If it wasn't old Aurelius - who could be forgiven for his foibles, if only because they came with suitcases of cash occasionally - it was this impudent young upstart. He flashed back to their previous encounter, and recollections of wanting to encourage her compliance with a riding crop, like the docile filly he deserved.
He feigned a smile. "Well, that's a shame. I was rather hoping we didn't have to be so formal, and could just be two people sharing a drink, perhaps a story or two. And your friend here, Mr Oh-Dally, I should be delighted to invite you both to my castle for dinner sometime." More flies with honey, Vincent, that's the way. Anyone who introduces themselves as "the such-and-such of a place" is clearly important, perhaps he had misjudged the man from appearances, they could be so deceptive.
Odhrán Ó Dálaigh
September 02, 2022, 08:59:21 pm #47
And there was Audish. Odhrán couldn't even fathom which goddess or spirit they might have offended to have both of these reprehensible creatures at their table. It was unbelievable that Audish was trying to make it sounds like they got along or like Odhrán had even a shred of professional respect for him. Just where did that guy get the idea they were anything but enemies? Odhrán gritted his teeth and let it all play out, if only because Deitha seemed to be more in control of herself than he would have anticipated.
Naturally, her little jibe was lost on the pathetic little fat man with the bottle. What?! Was he arithmetically challenged?
"Two?" Odhrán questioned coolly, "last I looked there were three of us here." He purposefully didn't recognise Audish as a being present. "But more to the point, as much as your average witch of wizard may appreciate an invitation to Blandings, we will have to decline. Miss Albron here already has a busy schedule visiting my castle at Ard na Mara."
He felt strange saying those things. They were wrong and icky, but he was irritated that these two men weren't leaving. What more did he need to say to communicate that they were not wanting their company? Who interrupted others like that on a night out and loitered around even after receiving a tepid welcome and a rude brush off.
He turned to Deitha, and gave her a resigned look. It felt like they were on the verge of something happening and perhaps there was no point to trying to stall what had already been set in motion.
"Well, Aurelius there is a spell damage expert, if you can call it that. Broken limbs are no challenge for his skills. Curses of course will result in a more complex to treat scenario. Necromancy is always an effective choice, though of course frowned upon by the ministry. I suppose one option could be a well placed vanishing charm. There is very little one can do to combat them as a healer and despite their very dangerous potential they are quite legal."
He smiled sweetly and looked at Spaulding's hands as if taking a measure. "And a lot of people don't know that layering charms makes them quite tedious to undo if not nigh impossible. Ministry Obliviators use that technique quite often and very effectively when wiping memories."
His gaze had wandered to Audish, his accusation implied, but not spoken. Just one wrong move and he would snap and show both of these men that he was far more dangerous than either of them could imagine.
Deitha could sense the frustration building. Odhrán was doing a reasonable job of keeping it together but it was clear that wouldn't hold for long. The pudding clearly hadn't taken the hint and now there was this ooze trying to be charming. He was more charming than the pudding, but that wasn't hard. Actual pudding was infinitely more charming.
"I'm glad to hear that the Ministry could heal spell damage and broken bones ever so well."
She turned to Spaulding. "Thank you for your most kind offer, but honestly, I think I'll pass." A deep breath. "You see, Mr Spaulding, I'm afraid you and I just aren't going to get along, and no amount of whiskey is going to fix that. I don't like your taste in company..." She gestured in Audish's direction, "Present company excepted, naturally," and continued, "I don't like your taste in decor, it's far too pretentious for my tastes, and if I'm being two-drinks honest, I don't like you, Mr Spaulding."
A wicked thought crossed her mind, and under other circumstances she wouldn't have been nearly so forward, but the day burned in her soul, and the evening burned in her heart. "Back at your place, when I came to see you to ask you questions, you tried to flirt with me. Hate to tell you, old chap, but I, uh..." She leaned towards Spaulding, grinned wickedly and dropped her voice to a conspiratorial whisper. "I'm what they call a muff diver." She cleared her throat and spoke at normal voice to ensure the whole table heard. "It means you're really not my type."
"Now that you're done flirting, if you could just leave me and my friend alone, we'd appreciate it, we've had rather a rough day and honestly, just wanted a quiet drink to unwind. But if you really decide you want to stay for a drink, you might need the help of your friend there."
She pointedly ssat back in her chair, looking at her drink, and not-so-subtly patting her side where her wand was.
Aurelius Audish
December 21, 2022, 10:46:30 pm #49
He'd arrived too late. Clearly whatever Spaulding had set in motion was unstoppable now. The lady was pissed off and Ó Dálaigh was as unpleasant and irreverent as ever. It was obvious that the man's recent brush with his own mortality hadn't improved his disposition.
Audish's eyes rested on the man while contemplating what had happened. He still wasn't sure how Ó Dálaigh had turned into a revered figure in the healing community. How was it that people came flocking to his aid when he was just a nobody from Ireland. It was enough to grind Audish's gears. He'd worked hard for the level of notoriety he had achieved, while Ó Dálaigh basically had everything handed to him without putting in even the slightest of effort. It was maddening.
The next thing he heard was outright strange. A 'muff diver'? He certainly hadn't come across the term before, though he seemed to grasp the part of the meaning to do with her disinterest in Spaulding. No matter what it meant exactly, the vulgarity with repulsive and Audish wrinkled his nose. No doubt it was a filthy Muggle term befitted of the worthless creature before him.
"Come on, Vicent. Let's leave the mudd diver to take her pleasure in Ó Dálaigh. He's certainly unsanitary enough to qualify." It wasn't so much that he feared any confrontation as such, but if they got into a fight there was every change someone would call the auror office and then they would have some explaining to do. It wasn't like they had their robes and masks to make short process of the riffraff.
January 01, 2023, 03:44:49 pm #50
Of all the indignance! The impudence! The intransigence! How dare she? Such vulgarity. Better he should try to pass it off lightly, humorously perhaps?
No, the figure in front of him - might be a female, certainly not a lady - might claim to be prefer women to men, but that was probably just because no man had treated her... correctly. Domesticated her. Taught her the proper manners. Taught her to respect her betters. And it was time he told her so.
"Flirting? With you? I mean, you're marginally attractive, you probably even clean up reasonably well with a spell or two to fix your hair, your clothes. With a little transfiguration work, you might even be beautiful enough to not show your father up when he finally puts you out for the season."
He turned to Ó Dálaigh. "Were I you, I'd beware this one leaving a mark on your reputation as well. I daresay old man Albron will disown her soon enough if he hasn't already, and I can assure you the rest of the family are far more pleasant to deal with. There's probably even a reasonable dowry in it just for them to be rid of her, if you otherwise took leave of your senses."
With that he turned to leave, gesturing toward the door for Audish's benefit.
January 03, 2023, 12:14:02 am #51
She had sat back, hoping that her comments about not being interested in the loathsome pudding would be enough to make him go away, and toddle off to whatever dark hole he festered in when not at his castle.
But that tone. She's struck a nerve, and there he went, insulting her, calling her ugly, suggesting he needed a permanent makeover. Deitha had never thought of herself as beautiful but she wasn't unattractive, and she'd certainly never found it difficult to find a date on the occasions she'd wanted one.
In hearing that pestilential pustle in a suit describe her as such, though, and then suggesting to Odhrán that her father would pay to get rid of her, and not even pay that much?
Something went off inside her. Something very, very angry indeed.
The combination of motions all at once felt very slow to her, though no doubt it was considerably faster for others watching; with her free hand, out came the wand, and her glass with the remains of her drink found its way into free-fall to land in the space a couple of feet in front of Spaulding.
Here, and no further. The fact the line was implicitly highly flammable was a bonus.
She pointed at Spaulding, "Furnunculus!"


text:
Q: nodejs express url rewrite? I am new to nodejs and just started learning it. I started with express. Everything's good but have a question not sure if this needs to be URL rewrite or URL redirect.
views folder looks like below, (jade files)
views
  - index
  - news
  - videos

The first page definitely is index, url is localhost:3000. Now I want my news page to be the index page, so when I enter localhost:3000 or localhost:3000/news, I want always to see the news.jade content. but I don't want to duplicate news.jade to index.jade. So I think the best thing is to have a urlwrite, then either localhost:3000 or localhost:3000/news will get news.jade content.
if a url rewirte needed to achieve my goal, is below code is a good example?
app.use('/news', function(req, res, next){
    var old_url = req.url;
    req.url = '/index';
    next();
});

I searched a while, but didn't really get an answer, could someone please help?
Thanks

A: If you have scaffolded using express-generator, then it would create a routes folder that handles all the routing code. Refer this link to know more on express generator.
You have to edit the index.js file in that folder
   router.get('/', function(req, res, next) {
     res.render('news');
   });

When ever the application receives a / request that is localhost:3000/ it will render the news file.
If you have any more doubt you can refer the manual here http://expressjs.com/en/guide/routing.html
Edit - Fix typo


text:
Browns TE Gary Barnidge Thriving as a Late Bloomer
Tight end Gary Barnidge is enjoying a career year as a 30 year old.
By Joe Ginley Nov 20, 2015, 10:19pm EST
Share All sharing options for: Browns TE Gary Barnidge Thriving as a Late Bloomer
Gary Barnidge is defying the NFL's law of aging.
The 30-year-old tight end should be having yet another average season with the Cleveland Browns. That's not the case.
Through just 10 games, Barnidge has 667 receiving yards and seven touchdowns. These figures surpass his career totals entering this season.
Five Thirty Eight delved into Barnidge's career season in an interesting article, which included this table:
Courtesy of Five Thirty Eight
As the graph above shows, Barnidge's production has skyrocketed this season, exceeding all expectations for the Kentucky native.
This type of production is rare for an average, old tight end, as Five Thirty Eight's Reuben Fischer-Baum points out. Only nine players have notched a career high of 500 or more receiving yards in a season past the age of 30.
Barnidge has developed into a top target for Josh McCown and Johnny Manziel following the departure of Jordan Cameron in the offseason. Cameron signed a two-year, $15 million deal with the Dolphins in March.
Through nine games, Cameron has 21 receptions for 268 yards and one touchdown. Perhaps the Browns didn't make a mistake in failing to sign Cameron.
Speaking of free agency, Barnidge will become a free agent at the end of the season. The Browns will have to decide whether or not Barnidge's big season is a fluke or for real.
In the meantime, the Browns should enjoy Barnidge's unexpected breakout season at tight end.


EL I Shi Co., Ltd.
comfortable and well protected from the UV rays in the heat of the summer.
sports/spend time outside, but also when you run errands around the town.
for fingers, so it won't interfere with finger movements or gripping.
Let's shield your skin from the harsh UV rays this summer.
・Images shown are illustrative purposes only. The actual products may vary in color.
the cooling and the UV protection polymer blended in the fabric.
・Constant friction may cause pilling. Turn cloth inside out when washing.


text:
Prospective students to visit Troy
March 26, 2015 March 30, 2015 EIC Account
Lilly Casolaro
Troy University is hosting Spring Trojan Day for prospective students to explore the academic, athletic and extracurricular opportunities the university offers.
At 10 a.m. in Trojan Arena, there will be a browse session for students and their families to learn more about student life. It will have informational tables for various campus organizations and departmental programs, as well as financial aid and residence and housing life.
Parker Harris, an undeclared freshman from Montgomery and co-recruitment chair for Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, said that he is ready to share his excitement for Troy and the future of his organization with potential students and families.
"Alpha Tau Omega is approaching our 10th year on Troy's campus and our 150th year nationally, so one of the most exciting things to look forward to is what new members can bring to our fraternity," Harris said.
"From intramural players, to the next leaders of Troy's campus, we have high expectations that there will be men who are ready to help take the fraternity to new heights."
John Kline, an Institute for Leadership Development professor, said that he, along with his leadership students, aims to engage visitors and be representatives for Troy University.
"We want to be the face of Troy University by approaching the students and getting them interested in Troy and the leadership department," Kline said. "We ultimately want them to come to Troy no matter what."
Davis Gamble, junior multimedia journalism major from Beaugaurd and editor-in-chief of the Palladium yearbook, looks to inform students about the Palladium and the connections they can make by getting involved with the publication.
"We are looking for staff members who have initiative and drive, and we encourage them to get connected with us," said Gamble.
"As a whole, we represent the Hall School of Journalism and Communication, inform students about Troy University's yearbook, and promote others to join our staff."
There will be a presentation given by the office of admissions beginning at 11 a.m.
A campus tour, given by Trojan Ambassadors, will start at noon and feature dormitories and several academic buildings.
Optional house tours for sororities, fraternities and campus ministries will start at 2 p.m.
Attendees are invited to participate in a complimentary tailgate lunch at 1:30 p.m. Troy baseball games begin at 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. against Alabama A&M at Riddle-Pace Field.
Online registration can be found at www.troy.edu/tours.html. For more information, contact Tiffani Schmidt, director of enrollment services, at 334-670-3398 or at tnstephens@troy.edu.
May the letters be in your favor
Women talk global issues
January 15, 2020 News 0
Brady Talbert Staff Writer The Office of Student Involvement is gearing up to host an organization...
(Photo / University Relations) Emma Daniel News Editor Troy University's new $22 million fitness center...
Rakshak Adhikari Staff Writer The Political Science Club organized a debate watch party for the Democratic...
News Variety


text:
Vivian Stancil is an Olympic Gold Medal Magnet
by Mary Johns / Friday, 13 May 2022 / Published in 2022 Games Daily News, May 14, 2022
National Senior Games Swimmer Vivian Stancil, left, with Olympic Swimming Gold Medalist Theresa Andrews.
When it comes to dynamic stories about Senior Games athletes who overcome challenges and find a healthy lifestyle through sport, swimmer Vivian Stancil always comes to mind. Now 75, Vivian was blinded by a congenital disease as a 19-year-old single mother of two, but fought her way out of poverty to become a successful school teacher. However, she became morbidly obese and chose swimming as her means to lose over 100 pounds and regain her health. Read her 2014 Personal Best Feature for more.
Vivian loves Senior Games, and the love is returned with ovations when she enters or leaves the swim venue. She has been featured by numerous regional and national media outlets and has inspired many to get into the game.
At the 2022 Games, her story attracted the attention of Katie Couric Media and they have brought a video crew to prepare the feature. With help from our Presenting Sponsor Humana, 1984 Olympic Swimming Gold Medalist Theresa Andrews, now an Associate VP of Humana's Neighborhood Centers, was brought in by our Presenting Sponsor to "coach" Vivian on practice day at the Plantation Aquatics Complex.
When the two met Thursday, Theresa presented a surprise gift of an embroidered Olympic logo jacket. But then she shocked Vivian by pulling out one of her 1984 gold medals for the swimmer to wear. "This is so exciting, I'm so grateful!" Vivian exclaimed.
For an amateur athlete to be able to wear an Olympic gold medal once is a chance of a lifetime. But Vivian felt some deja vu because this has happened once before. In 2014, NSGA made a presentation to her at the California Senior Games athlete dinner and attracted swimming legend John Naber, who dominated the 1976 Olympics with five medals, to come pay tribute. At the end of his remarks, he also surprised everyone by hanging one of his golds around her neck.
Vivian appreciated the tips Theresa Andrews shared during their practice, and the Olympian expressed mutual admiration. "It's so amazing what she has accomplished, " she said. "Vivian is so inspiring for all of us."
About Mary Johns
RESULTS AND RECORDS: 2022 National Senior Games Sees Records For the Ages
RELIVE THE GAMES ANY TIME!
2022 MEDIA CENTER STAFF SALUTES THE ATHLETES


...to the Stories in Stone website!
Stories in Stone is an ambitious scheme of conservation and community projects that has been developed by the Ingleborough Dales Landscape Partnership, led by Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust and mainly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. The scheme is concentrated on the stunning limestone landscape around the peak of Ingleborough and aims to restore, protect and celebrate the area's natural, built and cultural heritage, to ensure that this ancient landscape is protected for future generations. Stories in Stone started in early 2016 and is currently expected to be completed by the end of 2019.
Here you can discover what makes this area so special, find about the scheme's conservation and community projects, and see how you can get involved in celebrating and protecting this wonderful area.
The scheme covers a beautiful rural area of approximately 133 km² in the south-west corner of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The area is roughly triangular, with Ribblehead and its impressive viaduct at its northernmost point, the small market town of Settle to the south, and Ingleton village to the west. It is centred on and overlooked by the iconic summit of Ingleborough, one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks.
The area has a strikingly distinctive character, dominated by the underlying influences of its limestone geology, glacial scouring and deposition, and the visible surface impact of human activity through upland livestock farming and quarrying.


If the pressure inside a pipe is too high and the pipe itself has cracks it may end up in a leakage. Insufficient flow of water may be caused by low pressure inside the pipes which can only be fixed by a licensed qualified plumbing technician Water may not be running due to low pressure in the pipes which can be safely solved by a craftsman plumber If you are not happy about the low pressure of the water in your washbasin or shower, a trained plumbing expert can easily set right it.
The boiler may not be running on account of low pressure, as a result, it is reasonable to assume that it is a signal of something more serious like a leak in the system.
We offer to problem solve problems with low pressure and high pressure in the pipes in less than 20 minutes. To alter the stream of the water just you should to turn the knob to substitute the pressure inside the hose.


text:
Q: Genetic algorithms -- what are the benefits of sexual, as opposed to asexual, genetic algorithms? Intuitively I'd think that if I want to find the "best" set of parameters, I can simply take the best performing 1 guy from a subset of lots of children, make that guy generate 100 children similar to himself, pick the best performer and repeat. What purpose does it serve to pick specifically the best 2 and crossbreed? For that matter, why not select 3, 4, or 10 parents ("orgy-derived" zygotes) from which to create each generation of children?

A: "from a subset of lots of children" - how were those children made, and what mechanism makes them different from each other? "generate 100 children similar to himself" - if not exactly like himself, then what mechanism makes them similar, yet not identical?
Sexual reproduction is a mechanism that answers these questions. Through sexual reproduction you create new combinations, made up of the genes of fit individuals. Just using random mutation alone as a mechanism for creating diversity and new combinations is what it says - random - a shot in the dark. Sexual reproduction creates new combinations using the genes of successful individuals, which is not simply random.
Questioning which is better, sexual vs. asexual is a good question, and there are a lot of articles on this topic of sexual vs. asexual, and not all favor sexual. There are successful asexual mechanisms, although I'm not sure if the alternative you proposed in your question is among them.

A: Think of it this way: your best performing guy is maybe better-than-average in, let's just say, 3 areas out of 10. Small variations of him (his asexually-reproduced kid) are probably going to have advantages in those same 3 areas: maybe 4 and maybe 2, depending on mutation. But the best performing guy and the best performing girl are better in perhaps 5 areas out of 10 (he's better-than-average in 3, she's better-than-average in 3, and maybe there's 1 where they overlap) and so if they had a good number of children one of them might be better-than-average in 5 areas (and perhaps one of them might inherit no advantages -- such are the breaks). And if that 5-areas-of-advantage kid mates with another 5-area-of-advantage kid, then while there's more chance of overlapping advantage, there's still a good chance (in our "10 gene" world) that the grand-child will have even more advantageous genes).
It's the recombination of several characteristics in a complex environment that's really at the heart of the genetic algorithm. It's not intuitive, because we don't generally think that twiddling every knob on the control panel at once is a good way to optimize, but if you have a lot of parameters and they're quite independent, it can be.

A: The fewer parents you have, the more likely you are to get caught in a local optimum-- potentially a not-very-good local optimum-- for a very long time.  With only one parent, the only search mechanism left is individual mutation.
The more parents you have the less likely you are to capture whatever it was about the original parents that caused them to be selected for reproduction in the first place.  The details will depend on exactly how your n-ary crossover works, but intuitively, the more parents you have, the less genetic material you are likely to have from any one particular parent, and the less likely the children are to inherit (and thus improve upon) any beneficial multi-chromosome traits of their parents.
This is related to the Schema Theorem.

A: Technically, you can have orgy-derived zygotes in your population, but there is no mathematical proof (at least to my knowledge) that they improve either diversity or the final result found by your algoritm. Besides, orgy operators (to use your term) are more complicated that the simple two parent kind, and are not easily prone to understanding by students. Hence, they are not advertised (does not mean that they are not allowed).
Actually, you can use a mix of both single and double parent in your GA. As one answer already pointed out, the single parent element is equivalent to a local search and technically you would be implementing a memetic algorithm, which is usually an improvement on the simple GA.


CHICAGO – The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) has entered into an agreement with a new vendor, Omicron Technologies, that will process RTA Reduced Fare and Ride Free applications and produce permits beginning on February 25, 2019. The new vendor was chosen from a competitive procurement process performed in 2018.
Omicron Technologies, located in the RTA region, will receive new applications via U.S. mail at: P.O. Box 301150, Chicago, IL 60630 Attn: Regional Transportation Authority.
Applications and mail sent to the previous vendor will be forwarded to the new vendor which may delay processing applications and producing permits. Riders are encouraged to send applications to Omicron Technologies at the new address if possible.
City of Chicago Family & Support Services: City Hall, Room 100 121 N. LaSalle Ave.
Southwest Regional Senior Center: 6117 S. Kedzie Ave.
Southeast (Atlas) Regional Senior Center: 1767 E. 79th St.
Northeast (Levy) Regional Senior Center: 2019 W. Lawrence Ave.
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Dosidicus Giygas asks:
pokemaniacchris	Game Balance/Mechanics Questions, Game Design Questions, Reader Questions	 Feb 17, 2019 Feb 13, 2019
There's an interesting parallel in Gen I between Eevee's three original evolutions and the three Legendary Birds in terms of typing. Fire, ice, and lightning are common elemental distinctions in RPGs with magic/energy/psionics/whathaveyou, so it makes sense that Pokemon would draw from this tradition for inspiration, though it's a little odd that there is a discrepancy between Vaporeon (Water Type) and Articuno (Ice Type). Any thoughts on why that is? Furthermore, why didn't Game Freak apply this logic to the starters, who are halfway there anyway? For something more varied/interesting? For a better justification of type balance?
Type balance isn't exactly right, because I don't think it's about fairness, or at least not entirely, but it's something like that. Grass/Fire/Water has this nice rock/paper/scissors relationship that serves as an easy and intuitive introduction to one of Pokémon's core mechanics, which is a pretty valuable thing for new players. It doesn't really work if you try to shoehorn Electric in there, because thematically there just isn't an obvious relationship between Electric and Fire. Other games that use Fire/Ice/Lightning don't usually have "type advantages" in the same way as Pokémon does; several iterations of Final Fantasy, for example, have Fire and Ice being strong against each other, with Lightning doing its own thing (often being strong against mechanical enemies); Final Fantasy X adds Water as a fourth element to form another opposed pair with Lightning. Pokémon just has different needs to those games.
As for the substitution of Water and Ice in the Eevee and legendary bird trios… well, ice is water, so thematically it's almost not even a discrepancy at all. Almost all Water Pokémon learn Ice attacks, and I think it's also worth remembering that in generation I there were only five Ice Pokémon, none of them single-typed, and three of them were Water/Ice. Furthermore, giving Eevee an Ice-type evolution instead of a Water-type one would have messed up the neat Fire Stone/Water Stone/Thunder Stone evolutionary scheme (because, again, we're in generation I, so there is no Ice Stone and Eevee only has three evolved forms). You could add an Ice Stone to the game – but there are so few other Ice Pokémon who could use it.
Really though, the weird thing is that Water is even a type at all. It's fairly unusual in fantasy game systems for Water to be a damage type, because… what does that even mean? Water isn't inherently harmful, not like fire or electricity, anyway. With, again, the notable exception of some iterations of Final Fantasy, most systems either assimilate water to ice/cold, or have water-based attacks do physical damage – which makes sense, because when you're struck by an attack like Water Gun or Hydro Pump, you're being injured by the crushing force of the pressurised water. Pokémon has to have Water as a damage type, though, because – and we should probably recognise that this is actually a bit unusual – all its damage types are also creature identity types, and vice versa. And Pokémon wants a Water type for all its aquatic creatures. This is actually something I've talked about changing in the past; if I were completely rebuilding Pokémon from the ground up, one thing I'd like to do is drastically reduce the number of types. One of the ones on the chopping block would probably be Water – to be replaced by "amphibious" and "aquatic" as movement classes or terrain affinities or combat modes or something, rather than types as we know them.
legendary birds
pokemon types
starter pokemon
Published Feb 17, 2019 Feb 13, 2019
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4 thoughts on "Dosidicus Giygas asks:"
Ty Bain says:
Besides the obvious interaction between water and fire, there's also the strong connection water has with magic and supernatural elements in folklore that would be interesting if explored more. But it's actually kind of crazy how overpowered water would actually be if people could manipulate it. Katara's blood bending is a great example, but there's also this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmGD9Y1Z1RA
Water can do some very scary things besides just being a pressurized jet. I believe in some iterations of D&D you could also use water magic to surround someone's head and try to forcibly drown them provided your concentration isn't broken. Or if you can manipulate a large body of water you could just try and force all that water through all of someone's airways.
pokemaniacchris says:
Oh, absolutely, but does Pokémon even *want* that? I feel like a lot of the cooler stuff you can do with water powers is… too viscerally horrifying for them. It's also not really in step with the kind of powers that Water Pokémon generally seem to have; they can't usually command and manipulate water except in limited, specific ways.
I mean the Japanese name for the move "Night Slash" translates to "Crossroad Killing," which specifically refers to dishonored Samurai attempting to slaughter innocent people on the road in a single slash. I feel like making references to drowning and swelling attacks for water wouldn't be that outlandish. Also Guillotine has some fairly grim implications as well.
I mean, I can't speak for Game Freak, but I suspect their answer would be that those are just names, and aren't disturbing unless you already know what they mean. Guillotine doesn't actually decapitate a Pokémon. I could see a non-lethal drowning attack, but to me, doing horrifying things with the water in an opponent's body is somehow more unsettling than just stabbing them.


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El Eco
Echo Advertising Policies
Can anyone fill Obama's shoes?
Hope: A word that can define the last seven years of Barack Obama's presidency. Don't get me wrong, I am a big advocate for change but this election season has me all riled up. I'm feeling a slight Bern, I'm sort of with her and I want to barf when I hear the words "Make America Great Again."
Yet, I see no hope all across the board. Looking forward, it's hard to get my head around a White House without the Obama Administration.
It bothers me to think that Obama's only regret about being president are the devisive politics that he could not reconcile. Every candidate on the campaign trail is only making it easier for me to miss the calm and professional demeanor of the first African-American president.
Let me be perfectly clear for a moment, I am not pushing a liberal agenda. If I wanted to do so, I would be campaigning for the Democratic candidate I see most fit. Nor am I chanting incessantly at a Ted Cruz rally. I just believe someone who commands grace and respect should represent the United States, which is something that Obama has done considerably well.
When Vice President Joe Biden had to apologize to Mexico, as reported by an article on The Epoch Times, for the "dangerous damaging, and incredibly ill-advised" rhetoric being spewed by a party that wants to reclaim the White House, it puts the United States in a precarious situation. Forget about being politically correct or incorrect, it's a matter of choosing to be the better example in the eyes of the world. When did politics and diplomacy become similar to a children's playground?
Let's examine the true worth of the Obama presidency. Here you have a man who, as dedicated as he has been to his idea of hope, strives to bridge divides. He encourages views that challenge his own and is not afraid to stand up for his actions. The epitome of this can be encompassed by what he said to the Republican Senate as of late: "I intend to do my job between now and Jan. 20, 2017. I expect them to do their job as well."
I let out the most horrific laugh when Ben Carson said "Can someone attack me please?" in the last GOP debate broadcasted on CNN. That's not to take away from the low blow attacks that Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders give each other regarding how liberal they are or what their support of Obama has been.
This kind of behavior is embarrassing and should not be looked at as entertainment. I cringe at every disparaging comment made by both sides when they critique Obama, when they know darn well that he has been obstructed at every turn with a Congress that won't even consider reaching compromises.
"It used to be that with the old GOP you could work. That old GOP is something we need back, if nothing else, just to keep the far left from spending itself into oblivion," Eric Kamm, a graduate student of history pedagogy, said.
The height of hypocrisy is blaming Obama for not following the Constitution with his executive orders while at the same time obstructing him from nominating a Supreme Court justice.
According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center last year, "across the 40 countries polled, a median of 65 percent say they have confidence in Obama to do the right thing in world affairs."
Despite this, Obama hasn't had the same results at home, which is really disappointing.
"Ronald Reagan and Tip O'Neill would spar from 9 a.m.-5 p.m., but both parties would work together. I don't think you see that in the Obama Administration," Jared Smith, chair of Cal Lutheran College Republicans, said.
Despite the highly contested election season that we keep witnessing on television, let us not forget the man who is departing the Oval Office with the same hope that, if not united the country, strengthened people's convictions to seek out the truth and act even more humanely. I, for one, will deeply miss Obama.
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Resident Evil 2 Producer Talks About Resident Evil 2 Story Changes, Lickers, And Zombie Bites
By Jenni Lada October 22, 2018
The second 2018 Capcom Developer Interview installment has been released, and this one focuses entirely on Resident Evil 2. Capcom spoke with Resident Evil 2 Producer Tsuyoshi Kanda about a number of topics related to the game's development, including information on how and why the story has been changed, what makes this installment's Lickers better, and how the developers attempted to amp up the tension during zombie attacks.
Here are some of questions and responses from the Capcom Developer Interview with Kanda.
Q: Around when did development [on Resident Evil 2] begin?
Kanda: It actually started right in the middle of the development of Resident Evil 7. That game provided full-VR support on PlayStation 4, and we wanted to make it an overwhelming and immersive experience, diving into the depths of terror. Resident Evil 2, on the other hand, was designed to go beyond pure terror: we wanted it to have real drama, befitting of the label "horror entertainment." With these core principles, along with a deep respect for the original Resident Evil 2, we sought to reimagine the game from the ground up. I believe that the end result will prove entertaining for both those who have played the original version, as well as those who haven't.
Q: So could you tell me about some of the things you changed and some you kept?
Kanda: Even as we say that it's completely reimagined, of course we were conscious of maintaining the world and "play-feel" of the original. However, if you already know about all of the scary parts, it loses some of its impact, so when it comes to the horror aspects we're changing some pieces from how they were in the original, while remaining faithful to the original motifs. For example, one of Resident Evil 2's greatest charms is the feeling of exploration, so the layout of the police station has been changed from the original to maintain that experience.
Q: Are there any changes to the story?
The overall plot remains the same, but we've rearranged some of the events that occur throughout the game, or tweaked things to make the game a bit easier to understand as a whole. We've also tried to deepen the narrative experience and the relationships between not only Leon and Claire, but all of the game's characters, in order to increase the dramatic tension.
Q: Are there any things that you were unable to accomplish 20 years ago, but were able to include now thanks to new technologies?
Well, when it comes to graphics, the RE Engine has allowed us to make a game with a much greater level of three-dimensionality and detail. For example, in the original game, the Lickers were introduced in an FMV cutscene in which they appeared on the ceiling, but when you fought them they only ever crawled along the floor. In this version you'll face Lickers with 360-degree mobility, creating much more expansive battles overflowing with tension and the sense of really being in the thick of it.
Q: Sounds like a tough fight!
There's also the scariness of the zombies—the ability to create that sense of presence, even in things like the characters' movements when being bitten by a zombie. This time we decided to go with a third-person, over-the-shoulder viewpoint, in order to show off the actions and performances of both the player characters and the zombies they encounter. The gnawing and biting in particular is one of the core characteristics of zombies, and so we put a great deal of effort into those animations.
Q: Is there anything non-graphical that you've been focusing on in order to capture the Resident Evil feeling?
Yes, the sound. We used Capcom's "Dynamic Mixing Stage," a 3D sound booth built in 2017, along with Dolby Atmos technology giving Resident Evil 2 full 7.1.4 surround sound support. Furthermore, by implementing binaural techniques we are able to modify sounds in real time, which lets you hear the groans of zombies from all around, in relation to your character's position. You'll be able to experience the terror through your sense of hearing, as well as sight.
Resident Evil 2 will come to the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC on January 25, 2019.
Jenni Lada
Jenni has been playing games since getting access to her parents' Intellivision as a toddler. She continues to play on every possible platform and loves all of the systems she owns. (These include a PS4, Switch, Xbox One, WonderSwan Color and even a Vectrex!) You may have also seen her work at GamerTell, Cheat Code Central, Michibiku and PlayStation LifeStyle.
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A quartet of the biggest wallets on the Bitcoin blockchain have been moving around some serious amounts of BTC in the last few hours.
Earlier this evening, at around 7pm (UK GMT), one of the richest wallets on the Bitcoin blockchain suddenly sprang back into action after over four years of inactivity.
The address, 1PnMfRF2enSZnR6JSexxBHuQnxG8Vo5FVK, was well-monitored as the #9 ranked account on the Bitcoin Rich List and, according to data from blockchain.com had been largely dormant for over four years. So, as you'd imagine, the clearance of the account and the movement of 66,000+ BTC (worth over $260m) immediately caused eyes to turn towards it.
Then, one hour later, the 10th ranked wallet – 1AhTjUMztCihiTyA4K6E3QEpobjWLwKhkR – sprang into action after a similar period of inactivity.
Were that not enough big moves for one day, at around 10pm UK time tonight, a very similar thing happened again. This time it was the – you guessed it – #11 wallet under the microscope.
And then – for now at least – the action closed out in the last few minutes with another wallet worth approximately half of the first two (ranked at #30), also on the move.
All-in-all that's an eye-watering 232,024 bitcoins that have shifted wallets in the last few hours from those four addresses alone. At a market value of over $900m, based on CryptoCompare's current index price for Bitcoin ($3,933), that's a volume equal to roughly half of the total amount of BTC traded across the exchanges monitored by the site in the last 24hrs.
With that amount of Bitcoin in the wild, and prices already suffering in the last few weeks, you'd probably be entitled to wonder what was going on. We'll, what happened to the Bitcoin after the initial move probably gives us a hint.
While the initial hot-take reaction to the first move was to fear a dump, and further depression of the bitcoin price, the second move highlighted that both had tranches of coins had immediately been subdivided into smaller equally valued caches in sub-wallets after being transferred.
This hinted that it was likely to be some kind of tidying up exercise by a large exchange, and that the coins had probably been bought back from their cold storage to be rearranged in such a way as to make them more secure or accessible in the future. As some Twitter commenters also pointed out, the move took the large bags of bitcoin from legacy wallet addresses to SegWit addresses.
This possibility was somewhat supported by others who pointed out Coinbase's warning that it would be undertaking maintenance "that may cause movements on all Coinbase-supported blockchains".
Right now, this seems to be the most plausible explanation – though no warnings of large movements have been posted on the pages Coinbase's blog advised users to watch. So whether or not those coins go back to being dormant, remains to be seen.


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News » Alison Brie recalls topless Entourage audition
Movies News / Merline Erda
Published: June 13 2017 07:41
Alison Brie recalls topless Entourage audition
Alison Brie has become a very popular Hollywood actress
She has been reminiscing about her audition for Entourage
Alison has revealed that they asked her to take her top off
Glow beauty Alison Brie has worked hard to become one of the most popular actresses in Hollywood but it seems that in her early career she was asked to do some uncomfortable things in her auditions. Alison auditioned for a small role in the hit television series Entourage, when she was asked to take her top off.
Brie was talking at the ATX Television Festival, when she explained, "Early in my career, I auditioned for three lines on an episode of 'Entourage' that I had to go on in a bikini! Or like shorts and the tiniest shorts. And they were like, 'Okay, can you take your top off now?'"
While Alison Brie did not manage to get that part in Entourage, she has gone on to enjoy a very impressive acting career, as well as bagging herself the man of her dreams in her personal life. Alison is married to fellow Hollywood star Dave Franco and she has admitted that she could not be happier.
Brie added, "Everything's great! I think it's a great time in my life. Not in, you know, our lives collectively, not necessarily globally, but being married. [Being married is] a similar to the experience of working on 'Glow', in that it's been a very empowering year. I don't know why those two things have kind of gone hand in hand for me, but they have. Wrestling and marriage, they're both just like, 'Yeah, I can take on anything!'"
As well continuing in her role on the Netflix series Glow, Alison Brie can also seen be seen back on the big screen, starring in the upcoming new movie The Papers, which will open on January 12, 2018 in the US and on January 26, 2018 in the UK.
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Alison Brie has been enjoying working with Steven Spielberg on the new movie The Papers
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What size is the Omega Pro 49 boar brush?
I've been trying to find the size of the Omega Pro 49 brush but when I check different sites I get different sizes. The size I see most is a 27mm knot and a 65mm loft. Can anyone tell me if this is correct?
I got one of these recently. Found the box but there is no size knot written on it. Take out the tape to measure it and the 27X65mm is pretty much what I get. The base of the knot is 27mm and the loft on mine in between 64-65mm.
Hope it does help you!
(02-07-2019, 01:39 PM)ImJustMe Wrote: I got one of these recently. Found the box but there is no size knot written on it. Take out the tape to measure it and the 27X65mm is pretty much what I get. The base of the knot is 27mm and the loft on mine in between 64-65mm.