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How do delta 8 gummies make you feel
Kristina Shafarenko
Generally, delta 8 THC has a calming impact on the body and muscles. However, this effect can differ between individuals. It has euphoric effects and may provide pain relief. The decreased potency may benefit those who do not want to feel a prominent "high."
Delta 8 THC is a naturally occurring phytocannabinoid found in trace amounts on hemp plant parts. It typically occurs in amounts not more than 0.1% of the dry weight of hemp and is regarded as a 'rare' cannabinoid. However, delta 8 can also be synthesized in laboratories using various hydrolysis methods of delta 9 THC. Delta 8 can cause highness, although it is mild compared to delta 9 THC. Delta 8 gummies are made by infusing delta 8 extracts into the candy ingredients during preparation. However, how does one feel after consuming these gummies? Below is an in-depth exploration of how one feels after consuming these gummies.
Delta 8 THC is psychoactive like its famous counterpart delta 9THC. According to Maroon & Boost (2018), Delta 9 and delta 8 THC work by interacting with the human endocannabinoid system to produce its effects (ECS). These cannabinoids connect to CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brain, nervous system, and immune cells. However, delta 8 has a less psychotropic impact than delta 9 THC due to its distinct chemical structure. According to Kruger & Kruger (2022), the main difference between the effects of the two types of THC is that delta 8 has about half the psychoactive strength of THC, resulting in a smoother 'high.' If you've had anxiety, a racing heart, or even paranoia after using delta 9 THC, you'll have fewer of these adverse effects with delta 8 THC. The latter has a more relaxing and soothing impact than delta 9 THC, and you'll have a less euphoric experience. This results in different effects on the body and the mind when one takes delta 8 THC. In addition, different doses elicit different effects on its user.
How Your Mind Feels About Delta 8 Gummies
Although many users claim to get the same high from delta 8 THC as from delta 9, the effects are noticeably different. Delta 8 THC has less effect on the mind than delta 9 THC because it interacts with CB1 receptors in the central nervous system. This reduces anxiety, anger, and paranoia, which are major side effects of delta 9 THC, as noted by Hindocha et al. (2015). As a result, delta 8 THC allows users to relax while remaining focused on their work. Lower doses of Delta 8 are more energetic and invigorating, whereas greater levels are more tranquil. If you're asking if delta 8 THC will get you high, the answer is yes, although it will have a weaker effect than delta 9 THC.
How the Body Responds to Delta 8 Gummies
Delta 8 THC affects the mind and body, and it is easier to detect some of the impacts of delta 8 THC when you're less stressed and more clear-headed. According to Wadieh et al. (2017), Delta 8 THC affects the body by interacting with CB2 receptors in the ECS, which are found in the peripheral nervous system and are important for immune function regulation. The interaction with CB2 receptors has no psychotropic effects, but it does have visible consequences on your body. Although the effects of the cannabinoid differ depending on the individual, delta 8 THC gummies relax the body and muscles, stimulate appetite, and make one feel weightless as if they were floating. Some people believe that delta 8 THC helps them fall asleep faster and longer, especially for individuals with insomnia.
Dosages
The effects of delta 8 THC vary with the dosage administered. Other factors, such as age, weight, sex, and the general environmental condition, also determine the effects. The potency of Delta 8 gummies varies; some may have 5 mg of delta 8 in each piece, while others may include up to 60 mg. If you are a beginner, starting small and gradually increasing your dosage is best. Just because 60 mg delta 8 THC gummies produce more robust results doesn't imply you'll have a better or more joyful experience, and excessive quantities may create undesired side effects.
Doses Less Than 5 Mg
Although the effects of delta 8 THC vary depending on the user, Kruger & Kruger (2022) noted that smaller doses are likely to stimulate and generate more Sativa-like symptoms. This implies that you will concentrate more and have more energy and mental clarity. Low doses of delta 8 THC could be an ideal companion for your studies, work, or other tedious duties. Doses of delta 8 (less than 5 mg) have no mind-altering effects or the usual adverse effects of delta 9 THC.
Doses Less Than 20 Mg
The most typical dose among delta 8 THC users is 10-20 mg, as they are already familiar with the compound's effects and how their bodies react to it. The normal psychoactive dose produces a high similar to marijuana, albeit with more focus and mental coherence. It will also be more refreshing and inspiring and may assist creative individuals in being more creative. It will deliver a nice and relaxing experience for the body. Because the typical psychoactive dose may make you hungry, it's a good idea to have some of your favorite snacks on hand in case you go hungry.
Doses Greater Than 20 Mg
Expect to get high after consuming large doses of delta 8 THC because it will work at full intensity. However, because its effects differ from delta 9 THC, you won't experience any of the classic marijuana negative effects like paranoia or anxiety. However, consuming excessive amounts of delta 8 THC is not recommended unless you are already familiar with its effects on your body and mind. According to Akpunonu et al. (2021), high dosages of delta 8 THC are more sedating; thus, it's best to stick with the usual dose if you have a lot on your plate. High doses of delta 8 THC can make you feel too relaxed to focus on your work.
Delta 8 gummies offer a great way of administering delta 8 THC to the body. However, it is effects vary with the dosages ingested. At low dosages of less than 5 mg, it can be stimulating and is great at improving one's focus. Mild doses, less than 20 mg, can cause one to be mildly high but is more energizing and improves cognitive functions subsequently. High dosages, on the other hand, cause highness akin to that of delta 9 and have a sedative effect on the user. It is always recommended to start small and gradually increase your dosages as you monitor your body's response.
Akpunonu, P., Baum, R. A., Reckers, A., Davidson, B., Ellison, R., Riley, M., … & Gerona, R. (2021). Sedation And Acute Encephalopathy In A Pediatric Patient Following Ingestion Of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Gummies. The American Journal Of Case Reports, 22, E933488-1.
Kruger, J. S., & Kruger, D. J. (2022). Delta-8-THC: Delta-9-THC's Nicer Younger Sibling?. Journal Of Cannabis Research, 4(1), 1-8.
Maroon, J., & Bost, J. (2018). Review Of The Neurological Benefits Of Phytocannabinoids. Surgical Neurology International, 9.
Wadieh, E., Adams, L., & Brown, T. L. (2017). Neuropsychiatric Effects Of Marijuana. MOJ Addiction Medicine & Therapy, 3(2), 61-64.
Health and Wellness and Relationships Psychologist, Freelance writer at cbdandvapestores.com
BSc Psychology, The University of Manchester
Kristina Shafarenko is a relationship and health and wellness psychologist and a part-time freelance lifestyle writer covering health and fitness, sex, sexual wellness, and relationships. When she's not writing, you can find her planning her next getaway, taste-testing every coffee spot in sight, and lounging at home with her cat, Buddy.
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Late ballots break in progressive direction
Dean Preston now leads by 35 votes. Chesa Boudin has picked up enough that if the trend continues with the remaining votes, he will be very close.
Tim Redmond
The VBM ballots counted today are breaking much more the way the Election-Day votes did: Dean Preston is now 35 votes ahead of Sup. Vallie Brown in D5, and Chesa Boudin is only 879 votes behind interim District Attorney Suzy Loftus.
In fact, Boudin is 3,726 votes ahead of Loftus in the first-place round – a clear signal that a sizable number of San Franciscans want dramatic change in the criminal-justice system.
Volunteers crowded into Dean Preston's headquarters to do last-minute GOTV.
But under the ranked-choice voting system, Loftus pulls ahead as the second-place votes from two more traditional law-and-order candidates are slightly favoring her.
But the trends are looking good for both progressive candidates.
There are, the Department of Elections says, about 38,000 more votes to count – 25,000 vote-by-mail ballots that were either dropped off on Election Day or have just arrived from the Post Office, and 13,000 provisional ballots. Department of Elections Director John Arntz says that 1,880 of the provisional ballots are from D5.
If you voted by mail (or dropped off a VBM ballot) and want to be sure it was properly processed, you can track your ballot at this link.It's going to be very, very close, and every single vote is going to count.
If the remaining 25,000 break the same way that these did, it will put Preston further ahead. He picked up 123 votes out of (my guess) about 3,200 counted in D5. (The DOE counted 32,000 votes today. If they were evenly distributed through the districts, that would be 2,900 per district. It's safe to assume that D5 is running at least 5 percent higher than average; it's always a high-turnout district and the supes race may push it further.) That exact trend would give Preston another 88-vote advantage when the remaining VBM votes are counted.
We have no idea what will happen with the provisionals.
Here's the (very, very sketchy) math for the DA's race. Over the 32,000 ballots counted today, Boudin picked up 1,326 votes. If that exact trend continues over the next 25,000 votes, he would pick up 1,035 more – enough to put him ahead by 156 votes. Not counting the provisionals.
These margins are so tiny, and the trends so unpredictable, that my numbers are by no means reliable.
But the direction of the votes so far is positive for the progressive candidates.
Dean Preston
Tim Redmond has been a political and investigative reporter in San Francisco for more than 30 years. He spent much of that time as executive editor of the Bay Guardian. He is the founder of 48hills.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


whitecocobutter . TattoBaby. AlejStark. DAlegendVICTORIA.
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Is anybody else loving the long sleeve cold shoulder look? This floral top from Tobi really exaggerated the open shoulder which I love because it's a slightly more unique cut. This has been the perfect piece to help me start to ease out of Summer. It's still bright and floral with a great flowy feel but the longer sleeves definitely make it a must grab for the Fall. I wore this for a coffee and lunch date with Justin and Ayla the other day and it was great for walking around town in. I also love any shirt I can pair with a red bag for the fall. This is one of my favorite bags and it was starting to feel a bit neglected over the summer months. I'm glad it's time for it to come out a play more regularly ;).


A dress code debate at B.C.'s legislature has prompted some women to roll up their sleeves in protest.
Acting sergeant-at-arms Randy Ennis says members of his office's staff have been enforcing a decades-old rule about proper attire at the legislature.
Several members of the New Democrat government's staff say they've been approached by sergeant-at-arms staff recently and told it's against the rules to wear short-sleeved attire in the legislature and were told to cover up.
In protest, at least seven female journalists wore short-sleeved attire today.
Ennis says he will meet with the legislature's clerk to discuss the issue and determine if a dress code update is required.
The office of the sergeant-at-arms recently circulated a media conduct brochure that says men must wear shirts and ties but makes no mention of a dress code for women.


Renovated 3 bedroom, 2 bath home. Kitchen has stainless steel appliances and granite counters. New paint, inside and out. New siding, roof, doors, roof and custom closet system in the spare bedrooms. Come see this wonderful new home and see for yourself. Move-in ready.


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Clinical 13 Abnormal 7 Education 6 Behavioral 6 Postdoctoral 6 Child/Adolescent 5
Cognitive Neuroscience 5 Research 4 Experimental 4 Government 3 Health 3 Psychopathology 3 Social 3 Other 2 Addictive Behaviors 2
California 2 Maryland 2 Massachusetts 2 New York 2 District of Columbia 1 Illinois 1
Nevada 1 Oregon 1 Pennsylvania 1 South Carolina 1 Tennessee 1 Texas 1 Virginia 1 West Virginia 1
Development Neuroscience Cognitive Statistics Quantitative Counseling Personality Behavioral Neuroscience
Assistant Professor of Psychology (20-20)
Francis Marion University and the Department of Psychology invite applications for a tenure-track, Assistant Professor of Clinical/Counseling Psychology. The Department of Psychology is interested in continuing the excellence of its Master of Science in Clinical Psychology program, which is accredited by the Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC) and trains Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) to work in a variety of settings. Thus, the faculty member will teach a combination of undergraduate courses and graduate courses based on the faculty member's specific area of specialization. While the area of research is open, the faculty member will be expected to establish and maintain a program of meaningful disciplinary research that is engaging to and inclusive of both undergraduate and graduate students. The clinical psychology faculty member should expect to play an active role in training, supervising, and supporting graduate students. Minimum requirements include a doctorate in clinical or counseling psychology (licensed or license-eligible preferred) from a program accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA). The Department of Psychology (comprised of 10 full-time faculty) has approximately 300 undergraduate majors; in addition to approximately 75 graduate students within three accredited/approved programs: Clinical/Counseling, School Psychology, and Applied Behavior Analysis. We offer an energetic, congenial faculty and a collaborative work environment. Generous internal funding, opportunities for research and professional development, competitive summer research stipends, and well-established community partnerships make FMU a great place to work. Also offered are excellent clinical and research facilities at the Center for the Child and the Health Sciences Complex. Francis Marion University (FMU) is a state-supported regional university with a strong emphasis on the liberal arts. Located in sunny Florence, SC, a growing city with a vibrant arts culture, FMU is within easy driving distance of the state capital, Columbia, Myrtle Beach, and Charleston. FMU is consistently rated in the best colleges to work for by The Chronicle of Higher Education with an emphasis on a strong faculty governance. Position to begin: August 16, 2020 Materials Needed: 1) Letter of Interest (Referencing Position Number 20-20 ), outlining teaching and research interests; 2) Curriculum vitae , to include a listing of courses taken in graduate program; 3) Copies of all college transcripts (official transcripts will be required only of the successful candidate). 4) Statement of teaching philosophy; 5) Three letters of reference; and 6) FMU Faculty Application. To obtain an FMU faculty application please click here. Send or e-mail completed Application Packet to: Dr. Charlene Wages, Vice President for Administration and Planning, Francis Marion University, PO Box 100547, Florence, SC 29502-0547. Review of applications will begin immediately and will continue until the position is filled. As Francis Marion University has continued to be recognized for its diverse student body, it especially welcomes applicants who can affirm and enhance its mission and encourages applications by women and minorities An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution
Francis Marion University Florence, SC, USA Full time


New Zealand opposition leader Jacinda Ardern on Tuesday (Oct 10) ruled out giving Winston Peters a stint as prime minister if she forms a government with the populist "kingmaker". Ardern and her conservative rival Prime Minister Bill English are both in coalition talks with Peters, who holds the balance of power after the country's Sept 23 election ended in a deadlock. There has been speculation that Peters could demand a year in the prime minister's role as the price of his support, with some seeing it as the 72-year-old's last chance for a shot at the top job.
Full Article: New Zealand opposition says kingmaker Winston Peters won't be PM, Australia/NZ News & Top Stories - The Straits Times.


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Necrophilia
Sort of, but not quite; it makes an interesting heading though. I'm referring to the plans to tour a mummy show through the USA over the next few years (see Blackpaint 162 on the likelihood of human bodies/pieces one day being displayed as art). True, this is under the aegis of science – but really we're talking at least three parts morbid curiosity to one part scientific interest, surely. These bodies are however, dried out and hundreds (at least) years old – human necrotic art still awaits its Damien.
Richard Ellman, in an essay/lecture as part of his book "Four Dubliners", relates how Joyce seemed to encourage Nora to go with other men, so that he could write about the experience of being cuckolded, like Bloom in Ulysses. Apparently, he made advances to two separate women in Zurich, whilst writing his masterpiece, to inform the Gerty MacDowell sequence and Bloom's dalliance with Martha Clifford. Once he got what he wanted – material for the book – he pursued the women no further. Clearly, a conscientious artist. I feel another list coming on – artists who go to extraordinary lengths…
I'll return to proper, visual art in a moment, but want to comment on something which has just struck me, but is no doubt a commonplace in literary circles – Beckett is an optimist at base. I'd always thought of him as the ultimate "downer", the artist with the view of life as meaningless – "They give birth astride of a grave, the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more" (Godot) – brutal, funny in a cruel, pitiless way, vain. Now, ploughing through "The Unnameable" after the increasing disintegration of Molloy and Malone Dies, I find that he can be read as a stoic; everything is shit in the worst possible way, I shit upon my surmises – literally, plop, plop, he writes – and yet, as the last line says, "I can't go on I'll go on". Stoic – which to my mind, is a sort of optimism…
That fantastic one in the Art Book, "Fourteen Discs; July 20, 1963" with the "sculpted" area of red/orange paint and the "scribbled" discs of red and yellow overlapping onto the green and the yellow scribble on the blue, creating a floating feel.
Diebenkorn and de Kooning
Strong similarities between Diebenkorn's "Berkeley No.52", painted in 1955 and de Kooning's "4th July 1957"; the horizontal sections, the violet-blues, the yellow-to-oranges…. de K's looks more slippery, greasy, splattered but they could easily be two parts of a diptych by the same painter. They are both breath-stopping – sorry, no more superlative cliches, but it's permissible in both cases here. Diebenkorn's is in the Phaidon "20th Century Art Book", de Kooning's in "Intensely Dutch". In both cases, these pictures alone justify the cost the book.
Art trial in Russia
Yesterday in Guardian, reported that Yuri Samodurov and Andrei Yerofeyev on trial in Moscow and verdict expected, for organising an exhibition in 2007 called Forbidden Art, satirising Christian images, specifically of Jesus. Charges are fomenting religious and ethnic hatred (sounds familiar) and insulting human dignity. No protest letters from British artists in Guardian, as far as I know. One of the defendants was a head of contemporary art at the Tretyakov – bit like putting Serota on trial.
Oxydised Panel
Tags: Beckett, censorship in Russia, Damien Hirst, de Kooning, Ellman, Joyce, mummies, Patrick Heron, Richard Diebenkorn
This entry was posted on July 13, 2010 at 1:17 pm and is filed under Painting, Traditional, Modern and Abstract, Conceptual art.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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50 Celebrities' Real Names You Would Have Never Guessed
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byPerrie Samotin 1 year ago
50 Start slideshow
You've probably heard of Olivia Wilde. But have you heard of Olivia Jane Cockburn? Well, that happens to be the actress's given name. We all know Stevie Wonder is an icon, but there's a good chance he might not have had the same level of success had he kept his real name: Stevland Judkins. And these are just two of a long line of celebrities who changed their names.
It's not uncommon for actors to adopt stage names. Often their real ones are too long, difficult to pronounce, or simply not sexy enough for the marquis (ahem, the aforementioned Olivia Jane Cockburn).
MORE: The 20 Absolute Worst Celebrity Wax Figures We've Ever Seen
Plus, in some cases, certain professional organizations, such as the Screen Actors Guild, stipulate that no two members may have identical working names, causing some stars to change their names even if they weren't planning to (for example, take Julia Roberts was born Julie Roberts, but there was another actor registered under that name).
MORE: 25 Celebrities Who Looked Awkward AF Walking Their First Red Carpet
In the interest of "who knew?!" celebrity facts (our favorite kind), we've rounded up 50 celebrities' real names, and for some, explained why they changed them. Others, as you'll see, are pretty self-explanatory.
A version of this article was originally published in November 2013.
0 Thoughts?
And These Celebs' Real Names Are...
Click through the gallery to see 50 celebrities who changed their names (and what their real names are!).
Who: Gigi Hadid
Real name: Jelena Hadid
According to the Daily Mail, her mom Yolanda Hadid gave her the nickname Gigi because Jelena became "too confusing."
Photo: IPA/WENN.com
Who: Kit Harington
Real name: Christopher Catesby Harington
"I think they could see that I wanted to be Kit, but Christopher was a bit of a tradition," he said to Glamour. "My brother's name is Jack, but his real name is John. Kit is traditionally an offshoot of Christopher, it's just not used that often."
Who: Meghan Markle
Real name: Rachel Meghan Markle
Going with the middle name does give the name that nice alliteration.
Photo: Ivan Nikolov/WENN.com
Who: Lorde
Real name: Ella Marija Lani Yelich-O'Connor
"When I was trying to come up with a stage name, I thought 'Lord' was super rad but really masculine. Ever since I was a little kid, I have been really into royals and aristocracy, so to make Lord more feminine, I just put an 'e' on the end! Some people think it's religious, but it's not," the pop star told Interview magazine.
Who: Lea Michele
Real name: Lea Michele Sarfati
"Sarfati. That's my real last name," Michele said during an appearance at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. "I don't use it a lot because I got 'Lea So-fatty,' 'Lea So-farty' at school."
Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images for ELLE
Who: Fetty Wap
Real name: Willie Maxwell
The rapper told GlobalGrind that "fetty" is slang for money, and "Wap" is derived from his idol's nickname (Alabama rapper Gucci Mane, who's called Guwop).
Photo: WENN
Who: Olivia Wilde
Real name: Olivia Jane Cockburn
According to People, Olivia changed her last name to Wilde after playing Gwendolen in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest in high school.
Who: Iggy Azalea
Real name: Amethyst Amelia Kelly
In a Vevo original series called "A.K.A.," Iggy explained the creation of her stage name, saying her first name came from her dog. "I had a dog called Iggy, who I loved very, very much."
And she chose Azalea "because that is a street name that my mom and family live on … and it sounds very feminine and I thought it would balance out Iggy being so masculine."
Who: Tyga
Real name: Michael Ray Nguyen-Stevenson
His name stands for "Thank You, God, Always" — simple as that.
Photo: FayesVision/WENN.com
Who: Reese Witherspoon
Real name: Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon
The Southern-bred actress decided to drop Laura and Jeanne and take her mothers' maiden name (Reese) as her professional name.
Photo: Jeff Vespa/Getty Images for ELLE
Who: Tina Fey
Real name: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey
This one makes sense: "Tina" comes from her middle name, "Stamatina."
Photo: Kris Connor/Getty Images
Who: Rachel Zoe
Real name: Rachel Zoe Rosenzweig
The power stylist, reality star, and designer dropped her last name because she thought it sounded "too Jewish."
Who: Whoopi Goldberg
Real name: Caryn Elaine Johnson
The actress and talk show host decided to go with the name Whoopi because of—wait for it—a whoopee cushion. She said, "If you get a little gassy, you've got to let it go. So people used to say to me, 'You're like a whoopee cushion.' And that's where the name came from." Um, ew. And as for Goldberg? It's been reported that her mom felt that Johnson wasn't "Jewish enough" to make it in showbiz. Odd, considering most actors with traditionally Jewish names change them to something more ambiguous.
Photo: Mike McGregor/Getty Images for Cantor Fitzgerald
Who: Portia de Rossi
Real name: Amanda Lee Rogers
The Australia-born actress changed her name as a teenager, stating that she wanted to reinvent herself with the first name Portia (after a Shakespeare character) and an Italian last name.
Photo: Jason Kempin/Getty Images
Who: Helen Mirren
Real name: Ilyena Lydia Vasilievna Mironov
According to Wales Online, Helen's father anglicized the family name to Mirren in the 1950s.
Photo: Jessica Hromas/Getty Images for the Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group
Who: Julia Roberts
Real name: Julie Roberts
Early in her career, Roberts took the name Julia because there was already an actress registered under the name of Julie Roberts.
Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images
Who: Demi Moore
Real name: Demetria Gene Guynes
The actress shortened her first name and adopted the last name of her first husband, musician Freddy Moore, whom she married in 1980.
Who: Courtney Love
Real name: Courtney Michelle Harrison
In 2010, rumors flew that Courtney Love changed her name, yet again, to Courtney Michelle. But apparently the outlet she talked to, online music publication NME, took her quote "100 percent out of context."
Photo: Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images
Who: Carmen Electra
Real name: Tara Leigh Patrick
In 1991, the sexpot changed her name to Carmen Electra after signing a recording contract with Prince's record label. "I auditioned for an all girl group that [Prince] was putting together and he ended up signing me to his label Paisley Park," Carmen told The Yo Show. "After I danced for him he said, 'You look like Electra. That should be your name.'"
Who: Ralph Lauren
Real name: Ralph Lifshitz
The iconic designer changed his unfortunate last name to Lauren when he was a teenager. "My given name has the word shit in it," he once told Oprah Winfrey. "When I was a kid, the other kids would make a lot of fun of me. It was a tough name. That's why I decided to change it. Then people said, 'Did you change your name because you don't want to be Jewish?' I said, 'Absolutely not. That's not what it's about.'"
Photo: Peter Michael Dills/Getty Images for Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Spring 2014
Who: Bruno Mars
Real Name: Peter Gene Hernandez
The "24K Magic" pop star has an amazing mixing pot of a heritage. He's a mix of Filipino, Spanish, Puerto Rican, Hungarian, and Ukranian; he's part Jewish and was born in Hawaii. When Bruno was a kid, his father reportedly nicknamed him Bruno because of his resemblance to professional wrestler Bruno Sammartino.
Photo: Christopher Polk/Getty Images for Clear Channel
Who: Dakota Fanning
Real name: Hannah Dakota Fanning
Reports have said the actress's father wanted to name her Dakota and her mother preferred Hannah, so they used both. Looks like her dad won out big time.
Photo: Rob Kim/Getty Images
Who: Elle Fanning
Real name: Mary Elle Fanning
Turns out Elle and sister Dakota's mom became a trend-setter for them. "I just never went by Mary, like ever," Elle told Glamour in an interview. "My mom goes by her middle name, and my sister [Dakota Fanning] goes by her middle name. Her first name is Hannah. It's possibly a Southern thing, I don't know. But since my mom goes by her middle name, we go by our middle names, too."
Who: Charli XCX
Real name: Charlotte Emma Aitchison
The pop star's stage name was her MSN Messenger screen name when she was a kid.
Who: Jason Derulo
Real name: Jason Joel Desrouleaux
The R&B singer wanted folks to pronounce his surname with ease.
Photo: Mark Davis/Getty Images for Clear Channel
Who: Lana Del Rey
Real name: Elizabeth Woolridge Grant
The singer—who had some mild success as a singer-songwriter in the early-2000s under the name Lizzy Grant—adopted her current stage name when crafting her sultry, old-timey persona. "I wanted a name I could shape the music toward. I was going to Miami quite a lot at the time, speaking a lot of Spanish with my friends from Cuba," she told Vogue UK. "Lana Del Rey reminded us of the glamour of the seaside. It sounded gorgeous coming off the tip of the tongue."
Who: Miley Ray Cyrus
Real name: Destiny Hope Cyrus
The mega pop star was given the nickname "Smiley" as an infant, which was later shortened to Miley. She reportedly adopted the middle name Ray not because of her father, Billy Ray Cyrus, but because of her grandfather, Democratic politician (!) Ronald Ray Cyrus, who died in 2006.
Photo: Dennis Van Tine/Future Image/WENN.com
Who: Julianne Moore
Real name: Julie Anne Smith
"When I went to join SAG as Julie Smith, they were like, 'There's a Julie Smith, there's a Julie Anne Smith. You have to choose another name,'" she told The Hollywood Reporter. "My dad's name was Peter Moore Smith, and my mother's name was Anne Smith, and I used both their names so I wouldn't hurt anybody's feelings."
Who: Natalie Portman
Real name: Natalie Herschlag
The Jerusalem-born actress adopted her grandmother's maiden name as her stage name.
Photo: Adriana M. Barraza/WENN.com
Who: 2 Chainz
Real name: Tauheed Epps
"In my 8th grade yearbook picture, I had on two chains," he said in an interview with VIBE. "I had always been into like jewelry, so 2 Chainz just stuck."
Who: Winona Ryder
Real name: Winona Laura Horowitz
The actress's stage name was reportedly chosen by her dad, who was listening to soul singer Mitch Ryder when her agent called to ask how she wanted to be credited in her first film.
Photo: Brian To/WENN.com
Who: Stevie Wonder
Real name: Stevland Hardaway Judkins
In the '60s, Motown CEO Berry Gordy signed a young and prodigious Judkins with the name Little Stevie Wonder.
Who: Cher
Real name: Cherilyn Sarkisian
To be iconic, you must have just one name.
Who: Luke Perry
Real name: Coy Luther Perry III
Looks like Luke just needed a shorter name.
Photo: Frazer Harrison/Getty Images
Who: Alicia Keys
Real name: Alicia Augello Cook
According to Newsweek, Alicia almost went with the stage name Alicia Wild, but her mom said it sounded like a stripper name! So she went with Alicia Keys instead. "It's like the piano keys. And it can open so many doors," she said.
Photo: Michael Loccisano/Getty Images for Children's Rights
Who: Michael Keaton
Real name: Michael Douglas
Keaton changed his last name in order to prevent obvious confusion between himself and already-established actor Michael Douglas. "My real name is Douglas, Michael Douglas," he told Stephen Colbert on an episode of The Late Show. "Immediately, it gets a laugh. I got a gig. I was just starting out and I got this job and because of the Union, there was Mike Douglas—who used to have a talk show—and Michael Douglas, the movie star, actor. And somebody said, 'Well, you know, you've got to change your name.' And I said, 'Well, I don't really want to change my name.' I'm very proud of my name... I said, 'Why?' 'Because there are two other guys in the union.' So I changed my name."
Photo: Valerie Macon/Getty Images
Who: Sigourney Weaver
Real name: Susan Alexandra Weaver
The actress began using the name Sigourney in 1963; the choice was based on a minor character in The Great Gatsby named Sigourney Howard.
Photo: Stuart C. Wilson/Getty Images
Who: Tiger Woods
Real name: Eldrick Tont Woods
The iconic golfer was reportedly nicknamed Tiger in honor of his father's friend, a military colonel who had been known as Tiger.
Photo: Lintao Zhang/Getty Images
Who: Oprah Winfrey
Real name: Orpah Winfrey
Winfrey's real first name was often mispronounced as "Oprah," causing the media mogul to change it.
Photo: Mike Windle/Getty Images for TWC
Who: Jessica Chastain
Real name: Jessica Howard
It's been widely reported that the Oscar-nominated actress adopted her mother's maiden name as her acting career took off.
Who: Nicki Minaj
Real name: Onika Tanya Maraj
"Somebody changed my name," she told The Guardian in 2012. "One of the first production deals I signed, the guy wanted my name to be Minaj and I fought him tooth and nail. But he convinced me. I've always hated it."
Photo: Charley Gallay/Getty Images for Kmart / Shop Your Way Brands
Who: Frank Ocean
Real name: Christopher Edwin Breau
According to Spin, he later changed it legally to Christopher Francis Ocean, based in part on the original Ocean's 11.
Who: Akon
Real name: Aliaune Damala Akon Thiam
We can see why he wanted to chop that just a little.
Who: Ashton Kutcher
Real name: Christopher Ashton Kutcher
Kutcher started going by the cooler-sounding "Ashton" when he became an actor at age 19.
Photo: Michael Kovac/Getty Images for Lenovo
Who: Kid Rock
Real name: Robert James Ritchie
According to Loudwire, Kid Rock was given his stage name by club goers who would check out his sets when he used to be a DJ. The Detroit crowd would say, "watch that white kid rock."
Photo: Tim Mosenfelder/Getty Images
Who: CeeLo Green
Real name: Thomas DeCarlo Callaway
He told Vh1 CeeLo is an abbreviation of his middle name, DeCarlo. And here we thought it was way more involved than that.
Photo: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images
Who: Queen Latifah
Real name: Dana Elaine Owens
Latifah—which means "delicate and very kind" in Arabic—comes from a book of Arabic names the star found when she was 8 years old.
Photo: Bennett Raglin/BET/Getty Images for BET
Who: Elton John
Real name: Reginald Kenneth Dwight
Elton John merged the names of saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry.
Who: Ice Cube
Real name: O'Shea Jackson
"My brother, he's about nine years older than me, he used to have all kind of women calling the house and I would try to get at them," he tells Wired. "He got mad at that and said he was going to slam me in the freezer one day, and turn me into an ice cube. I said, 'You know what? That's a badge of honor.'"
Photo: Leon Bennett/Getty Images
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text:
Newly Founded UK Consortium to Develop SSB Tech
With the aim of accelerating the creation of solid-state battery technology in the UK, seven organisations have founded a consortium.
By Joel Davies - August 19, 2021 in Batteries, Business, Green & Renewable, MV Pro, News Feed
Image: Michael Fousert.
A UK consortium of seven organisations has signed a memorandum of understanding to combine ambitions to develop "world-leading" prototype solid-state battery (SSB) technology, targeting automotive applications.
The successful outcome of the collaboration would be to harness and industrialise UK academic capability to produce cells using highly scalable manufacturing techniques that leapfrog the cost-effectiveness and performance achieved elsewhere.
The organisations part of the consortium are involved in battery research, development and manufacturing and include:
Faraday Institution – the UK's independent institute for electrochemical energy storage research, which has led the consortium's formation and will lead its development.
Britishvolt – the UK-based Gigaplant developer, with a site in NE England.
E+R (Emerson & Renwick) – a designer of manufacturing equipment.
Johnson Matthey – a major sustainable technologies company and the UK's leading battery materials business.
Oxford University – that leads the Faraday Institution's solid-state battery project (SOLBAT) and provides the necessary scientific understanding to the consortium.
UK Battery Industrialisation Centre – the battery manufacturing development facility to enable UK battery manufacturing scale-up and facilitate upskilling in the battery sector.
WMG, University of Warwick – battery R&D and initial scale-up capability, as well as academic and apprenticeship skills development.
"I am delighted to be able to announce the formation of this unique consortium for the advancement of solid-state battery prototyping that includes leading UK-based organisations at many stages in the value chain", said Professor Pam Thomas, CEO of Faraday Institution.
"Our leadership in this venture signals a move towards a role that the Faraday Institution will increasingly play as a trusted convener of significant partnerships between UK industry and academia as a route to commercialise breakthrough science emerging from our research programmes to maximise UK economic value".
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer significant potential advantages over existing lithium-ion battery technologies, including the ability to hold more charge for a given volume (leading to increased electric vehicle (EV) range) and reduced costs of safety management.
Professor Pam Thomas, CEO of the Faraday Institution. Image: Warwick University.
Early deployment of SSBs is likely to be in consumer electronics, niche automotive applications and unmanned aerospace, before being used in broader EV markets. The Faraday Institution forecasts that, in 2030, SSBs are likely to take a 7% share of the global consumer electronics battery market and a 4% share of the EV battery market. Global SSB revenues from sales to EV manufacturers are expected to reach $8 billion by 2030 and then grow rapidly to 2040 and 2050 when the market is expected to become extensive.
However, there are scientific challenges that need to be addressed before high power SSBs with commercially relevant performance can be realised. The Faraday Institution's SOLBAT project has made progress in addressing these challenges over the last three years.
The construction of a facility being developed by the collaboration will enable SSB technology to emerge from UK university laboratories. It will allow larger cells to be produced using scalable manufacturing techniques that will be improved iteratively through a deep investigation of the causes of problems that emerge during the manufacture and testing of prototype batteries. This will leverage the collective knowledge of Faraday Institution SSB researchers and industrial partners.
Dr Allan Paterson, Chief Technology Officer, Britishvolt commented, "Solid-state is the holy grail of battery solutions. Solid-state batteries have the potential to increase energy density significantly over battery technology available today and could dramatically, and positively, change the world of electric vehicles.
Britishvolt will be at the forefront of commercialising this step-change over the coming years. This collaboration, which includes major global industry leaders such as Johnson Matthey and academic leadership from the University of Oxford, underscores another key objective in our technology roadmap – homegrown intellectual property".
You can find more information on the UK consortium that's been founded to develop SSB technology on any of the above organisations' websites, including its leader, the Faraday Institution.
Tags: automationcomputer visionImagingMachine VisionmanufacturingnewsOEMroboticsScienceTech
After 23 years at SICK (headquartered in Waldkirch), Executive Board member Dr Martin Krämer will leave the company in September....
Basler AG has released its audited annual report for the fiscal year 2021, with the company's management confident about 2022...


text:
Q: Difficulties while using Tensorflow_hub and universal-sentence-encoder While running the following piece of code, I get an error.
Anybody who can help me? I am using Tensorflow 2.1.0
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_hub as hub
import os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'

print("GPU is", "available" if tf.test.is_gpu_available() else "NOT AVAILABLE")

tweets = pd.read_csv('dataset.csv')
print(tweets.columns)
labels = tweets[['Sentiment']]
tweets = tweets[['SentimentText']]
tweets = tweets['SentimentText'].to_numpy()
embed = hub.KerasLayer("./model",  output_shape=[20],  input_shape=[],dtype=tf.string)
tf.compat.v1.logging.set_verbosity(tf.compat.v1.logging.ERROR)
with tf.compat.v1.Session() as sess:
     sess.run([tf.compat.v1.global_variables_initializer()])
     sess.run(embed(tweets))

I get the following error:

File "/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_core/python/framework/ops.py", line 4727, in _override_gradient_function
      assert not self._gradient_function_map

AssertionError

A: I ran into that issue as well. It was solved by using tensorflow==2.0.0 (I was originally using tensorflow==2.1.0)

A: Specifying the Solution in Answer Section (even though it is mentioned in the Comments Section), for the benefit of the Community.
In this specific case, reducing the length of dataset has resolved the error but generally, it would be a good practice to provide the URL of the respective Pre-Trained Model so that it would be easy to check the properties of that model including Version Compatibility, which also improves readability.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
European Parliament President Martin SCHULZ (C) visits the National Library of Ireland with Minister of Arts and Heritage Dinny McGinley (L) and Gerry Long Assistant keeper of manuscripts (R) in Dublin, Ireland on October 4, 2012.
European Parliament President Martin Schulz (L) and Library Director Fina Ross (R) are silhouetted against a Yeats poem as he visits the Yeats gallery in the National Library of Ireland in Dublin, Ireland on October 4, 2012.
< Vend tilbage til billedserie
Official visit of Martin SCHULZ - President of the European Parliament to Dublin
SCHULZ, Martin


text:
Cortez Masto Rebounds in New Poll
Nevada Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D)
Feb. 4, 2022 — Nevada Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D), who trailed in the most recent published statewide poll (Trafalgar Group; Nov. 24-29; 1,034 likely Nevada general election voters; Adam Laxalt (R) 44 percent, Cortez Masto (D) 41 percent) has rebounded to regain the lead according to a new OH Predictive Insights survey, but warning signs persist for the first-term incumbent.
The OHPI poll commissioned for the Nevada Independent news site (Jan. 19-26; 755 likely Nevada registered voters, online) finds Sen. Cortez Masto topping former state Attorney General Laxalt (R) in a general election ballot test by a 44-35 percent margin. While the spread is relatively strong in her favor, posting a 44 percent support number is low for any incumbent.
For example, the same poll tested Gov. Steve Sisolak, a Democrat, and found his preference figure reaching 52 percent if Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo were his Republican opponent, and 54 percent if former US Sen. Dean Heller were to become the Republican gubernatorial nominee. Because OHPI forced preference answers, meaning no recorded undecided responses for the governor's ballot test, the Sisolak support numbers are high. It is unlikely, however, that a traditional preference question would find him dropping to the senator's current support level.
The OHPI pollster isolated Sen. Cortez Masto's most significant problem as her being tied to President Biden's low approval ratings. According to this study, the president only posts a 41:53 percent favorable to unfavorable job approval index, and 33 percent, which is the poll's top issue response, said that the economy and jobs are most important to them. Isolating Biden's score on his handling of the economy, the president's disapproval rose to 55 percent, darkening the political climate for the senator even further.
Laxalt's low support number (35 percent) is likely due to him recording only a 76 percent preference factor among Republicans. This is likely due to the fact that challenger Sam Brown, a businessman and disabled Afghan War veteran, is becoming a significant contender for the Republican nomination.
Though the GOP sample segment is low in the OHPI survey – only 230 respondents and well below the 300 that becomes statistically significant in a state the size of Nevada – we still see only 37 percent of the Republican base supporting Laxalt while 14 percent names Brown as their preferred candidate. This means that 49 percent of those Republicans polled say they are undecided about whom to support in the GOP Senate primary. Despite having a short sample, the results suggest that Laxalt still has work to do in securing the nomination.
Another changing element that could affect this race, but in a heretofore unknown way, are the party registration changes occurring throughout 2021. Comparing the partisan breakdown in the state from January of 2021 through December of last year, both the Democrats and Republicans lost patrons. Democratic registration dropped 2.9 percent, while Republicans were down 2.5 percent. This meant that those registering Non-Partisan and "Other" were up substantially.
Together, while the major parties were losing strength, these two Independent sectors rose a combined 21.8 percent in identification. With Libertarian and Independent American party registration numbers remaining constant, the "no party" preference categories accounted for all of the state's registration growth, and was solely responsible for the Nevada voter registration universe increasing 2.9 percent over the course of last year.
One area where Sen. Cortez Masto has no problems is in fundraising. With the Federal Election Commission now finally reporting 2021 year-end totals, Sen. Cortez Masto has raised an eye-popping $18.2 million for the campaign cycle and has $10.5 million in her campaign treasury. These numbers place her seventh among all Senate candidates, nationally.
Laxalt has raised $2.75 million and held $1.06 million in his account at the end of last year. Brown has brought in $2.08 million for his race, including more than $1 million just in the last quarter. A majority of his money comes from small donors, those giving less than $200 to the campaign. He had just over $732,000 remaining in his campaign account when December came to a close.
The Nevada Senate race is one of the 2022 election cycle's most important campaigns in determining the next chamber majority. We can count on a close finish here in November and, as we can see from the fundraising totals, the June 14 Republican primary may prove more interesting than originally thought.
Posted in Election Analysis, Financials, Polling, Senate and tagged Adam Laxalt, approval rating, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo, Dean Heller, Fundraising, Gov. Steve Sisolak, Nevada, Nevada Independent, OH Predictive Insights, President Biden, Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto on February 4, 2022 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
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Tucknologies LLC is proud to announce a partnership with Mokasoft to produce an iPhone and Android application of Mokasoft's design. Tucknologies will be doing the software development for both the Android and iOS systems, based on Mokasoft's criteria. We are looking at launching right before Christmas 2013, so look for announcements in the coming months!
Well, we can't really say at this point. It's an application that will very helpful and make work a lot more efficient for someone using the app. We'll be revealing more about the application as we move through the process.
Have an idea for a mobile application?
Tucknologies is always looking to produce new applications. If you have an idea, and don't know where to go, a good place is starting with a consultation. We have a booking feature on this webpage, simply look for the tab "Contact" on the lower right hand side of your page. Click on it, and enter in your message and schedule a time to talk to us.
Who knows, yours might be the next project we work on!


The Brother PT-P700 is now available in Singapore. The cheapest Brother PT-P700 price in Singapore is S$ 162.70 from Lazada. Brother PT-P700 price details are updated April 2019.
Automatic cutter. Prints laminated plastic labels on tapes up to 24 mm (roughly 1.0 inch) wide.


text:
What is the WTO?
Key positions and statements
Becoming an OWINFS member
Critique of the WTO
NAMA / ITA / EGs
Services / GATS / TISA
Trade & The Climate Crisis
Trade & The Financial Crisis
Intellectual Property/TRIPS
Bilateral & Regional Trade
WTO Process Issues
WTO Ministerials
10th Ministerial, Nairobi 2015
9th WTO Ministerial, Bali 2013
8th Ministerial, Geneva 2011
7th WTO Ministerial Geneva 2009
Mini Ministerial, Geneva 2008
6th Ministerial, Hong Kong 2005
5th Ministerial, Cancùn 2003
4th Ministerial, Doha 2001
3rd Ministerial, Seattle 1999
South against Doha "re-calibration", jettisoning "development"
Original Publication Date:
TWN Info Service on WTO and Trade Issues (May15/01)
Published in SUNS #8013 dated 30 April 2015
Geneva, 29 Apr (Kanaga Raja*) -- A large majority of developing countries appear to have disapproved of the "re-calibration" strategy in the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations, being promoted by the WTO head, Roberto Azevedo, and the industrialised countries, that will change the existing goalposts of the talks, to the detriment of its "development goals".
This came out at the formal Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) meeting on Monday, in the speeches and statements of developing countries and their groupings, following status reports by Director-General Azevedo and the Chairs of the various negotiating bodies under the TNC.
The upbeat assessment of the WTO D-G on the state of play in the Doha talks (the text of his remarks and the call to members "to focus on the doable", and for all members to "leave their comfort zones... and contribute", posted on the WTO website), seemed to echo the stands of the United States and Europe for "re-calibration" of the DDA to conclude the Round by the Nairobi Ministerial Conference.
The D-G's assessment was also in sharp contrast to the rather sombre view of no progress in the agriculture talks that was given to the TNC Monday (previewed by his statement at the informal agriculture meeting last week, see SUNS #8011 dated 28 April 2015) by the Chair of the Agriculture Negotiations, Ambassador John Adank of New Zealand.
The D-G and Chairs of the negotiating groups are continuing their consultations on the task of defining a post-Bali work programme on the remaining DDA issues, and working to an end-July deadline for agreeing on the work programme, set by the General Council in November 2014.
The developing countries, both the various coordinators, and key individual countries who spoke at the TNC insisted on the talks continuing to adhere to the existing texts and mandates, and that agriculture and the development dimension must remain at the heart of the negotiations.
The developing countries insisted on the post-Bali work programme being firmly anchored in the previously agreed Doha mandates such as the 2001 Doha Ministerial Declaration and Work Programme, the 2004 July Framework agreement at the General Council (after the collapse of the Cancun Ministerial), the 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration and the 2008 draft revised modalities texts. Trying different approaches could not mean changing mandates, they insisted.
China, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Venezuela and Brazil, as well as the coordinators of the ACP (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific) group, the African Group, the G-33 developing country grouping (of which Indonesia is the coordinator), the G-20 developing country agriculture group and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) insisted that the 2008 revised draft agriculture modalities text (Rev. 4), and the 2008 Rev. 3 draft revised modalities in non-agricultural market access (NAMA) must remain the basis for drawing-up the post-Bali work programme.
The various developed countries, the United States and the European Union in particular, issued a common message on the need to "re-calibrate" the level of ambition for accomplishing doable and realistic results by the end of this year.
These countries significantly made no mention of the previous Doha ministerial mandates as well as the Rev. 4 text on agriculture and Rev. 3 text on industrial goods. A few, such as the EU, suggested new approaches without elaborating on the underlying framework.
During his confessional meetings, the Director-General had asked the coordinator of G-33 coalition (Indonesia) as to why the group was demanding special safeguard mechanism and special products (in agriculture) when the level of ambition is sought to be lowered substantially by adopting a simple average and minimum cut tariff formula, according to a South American member of the G-33 group.
[While a simple average and minimum cut tariff formula have been proposed in informal meetings recently by Argentina, Paraguay and Norway, these in fact have not been accepted by most of the developing countries. SUNS]
In its comments at the TNC, China issued the strongest message at attempts to mislead members by raising the bogey of "re-calibration" while undermining the previous Doha mandates, while India said that attempts to impose "differentiation" to seek higher commitments from some developing countries in an attempt to make progress in the negotiations was not "acceptable."
In their interventions at the TNC, the developing countries underscored that the Rev. 4 draft agriculture text remains the basis for the negotiations and that agriculture holds the key that will enable members to make progress in the other areas.
The G-33, for example, wants the hard-won gains from the Rev. 4 text, especially Special Products (SP) and the Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM), to be preserved. It also stressed on the importance of public stockholding for food security purposes.
Referring to the calls made by some major developed countries for a "re-calibration" of the level of ambition, a number of developing countries said that the negotiations must continue to adhere to the texts and the mandates emerging from Doha and right up to Bali.
The African Group, for example, said that any novel idea must be tested against those mandates, and the flexibilities for African countries must be preserved. The group underscored that the current consultations on the work programme are not a renegotiation of existing and agreed mandates.
The African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group underlined that re-calibration must not entail undermining the development dimension of the Round and the special and differential treatment (S&D) and flexibilities of ACP Member States.
China said that re-calibration of the Rev. 4 and Rev. 3 texts must take into account the mandates coming from Doha, as well as that of 2004 (the July framework), Hong Kong and Bali. While it can look at alternatives, these mandates need to be respected, China stressed.
India said that progress can be made only if members seeking "re-calibration" spell it out in clear terms. This has not been done thus far, it added. Exploring different approaches is surely not tantamount to inverting the ministerial mandates and the principles that guide the negotiating process in this organisation, India further said (see below).
D-G STATEMENT AT TNC MEETING
Director-General Azevedo, speaking in his capacity as Chair of the TNC, draw three essential conclusions from the reports of the Chairs of the various negotiating bodies that were made early on in the meeting, and from his own consultations.
First, he said that a lot of good work has been done, particularly in the three core areas of Agriculture, Non- Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) and Services, and that it is clear that achieving outcomes in these areas will be essential to the success of these negotiations.
His second conclusion was that it remained very clear that development and LDC issues remain central, and that members must continue working to move these issues forward.
His third conclusion was that while it is clear that "we still have a long way to go, and that some areas are proving very problematic," there was no doubt in his mind that "we are making progress."
In this context, he referred to the great amount of engagement on the core DDA issues, and the high level of participation with Ambassadors getting involved.
As had been heard from the Chairs, members were still at odds on some major issues, and some big gaps remained. Some were still repeating their old positions, or taking more time to move to a solution-finding approach, he said, urging members not to be discouraged by it.
Referring to the horizontal discussion to identify inter-sectoral trade-offs, Azevedo said that there was need to put more focus on identifying the trade-offs within pillars and between them. These trade-offs were clearly not on the table yet, he said.
Noting that members were working to conclude a "clearly defined" work programme on the remaining DDA issues by July this year, the D-G said: "We are getting close to July now. And therefore we have to be realistic about just how specific and modalities-like it can be. That is a question which only you can answer."
Whatever the nature of the work programme members get by July, clearly it will have to fulfill certain criteria: First, it will have to be substantive and meaningful; second, it must give us guidance on how to conclude the negotiations; and third, it must be a springboard towards a successful 10th Ministerial Conference in Nairobi in December.
"We have to maintain our focus on what is doable. We have to be prepared to leave our comfort zones. And we will all have to contribute," said the D-G.
REPORTS BY THE CHAIRS OF THE NEGOTIATING BODIES
The D-G's statement was preceded by progress reports from the chairs of the various negotiating bodies under the TNC, including on agriculture, NAMA, services, trade and development, TRIPS, Rules Group, trade and environment, and the Special Session of the Dispute Settlement Body.
The Chair of the Special Session of the Committee on Agriculture, Ambassador John Adank of New Zealand, said that members were a long way from where they should be, given the July deadline (for agreeing on the post-Bali work programme). Members were far from convergence on some threshold issues in key areas, and this is inhibiting progress in other areas, he added. (See SUNS #8011 dated 28 April 2015 for the full report by the Chair at an informal meeting of the Committee on 24 April and reactions from members.)
The Chair of the NAMA negotiating group, Ambassador Remigi Winzap of Switzerland, said that there has been constructive engagement by members, but it was difficult to move - as many members have said - without visible progress in agriculture. He also reported that there has not been much progress on non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
The Chair encouraged members to accelerate the exploratory phase to evaluate possible options, saying that this would enable members to move on NAMA. But what is clear is that this can happen only after members start to see some progress in agriculture, he said.
The Chair of the Special Session of the Council for Trade in Services, Ambassador Gabriel Duque of Colombia, said that there had been an open discussion on aspirations of members, i. e. what exactly they would like to see from the services negotiations. The outcome would be a Chairman's summary which would be factual, non-binding, non-attributable and neutral.
Referring to a services meeting held last week, the Chair said that Members recognised the need for reality and doability. They understand that any outcome here will be calibrated based on what happens in agriculture and NAMA. Many delegates said that it was important to reduce "water" in commitments and that this should be a priority. Delegates highlighted the modes of supply that are important to them, with a number of countries reiterating the importance of Mode 4 (movement of natural persons).
On rules under the services pillar, the Chair reported that there were differing assessments made between domestic regulation and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). A number of delegations said that domestic regulation would form an important part of the outcome of the post-Bali work programme.
VIEWS OF MEMBERS
A number of delegations spoke following the report by Director-General Azevedo, outlining key issues of priority to them.
Lesotho (on behalf of the African Group) underscored two points. Firstly, substantial differences primarily among Members with greatest share of international trade remain, and this is certainly not a surprise in light of previous experiences.
Secondly, novel ideas on how to move the agenda forward have not been in short supply. Request-offer, offer- request, average cuts, simplified approach, mixture of request-offer and average cuts, cutting the water, new approaches to disciplining domestic support under agriculture, re-calibration of the level of ambition, matching of contributions, and such like concepts have emerged since members embarked on a process to develop the work programme as per the Bali Outcome.
"Nonetheless, in figuring out solutions to move our consultations forward, it is worth recalling the message that the Group has consistently conveyed to Members. On this occasion, allow me to once again underline that all the novel ideas on how to move the agenda forward, proposed negotiating approaches, the nature of the work program and the content therein and such like efforts to make a breakthrough, must all conform to the golden standards set by Doha Ministerial Declaration and attendant mandates. The DDA negotiations must pass the litmus test prescribed in these mandates," said Ambassador Nkopane Monyane of Lesotho, on behalf of the African Group.
According to the African Group, agriculture is an important pillar of the negotiations for African countries and an outcome in this area is of critical importance. In this context, it is hard to foresee the African Group supporting any approach running short of levelling the playing field and eliminating and/or significantly reducing trade-distorting subsidies. African countries' investments in agriculture have been sinking in a huge black hole, simply because these legitimate investments cannot compete with distorting subsidies derived from the current Agreement on Agriculture regime.
"From the perspective of the African Group, Members can no longer afford the luxury of turning a blind eye to the fact that the current architecture of the Agreement on Agriculture cannot be sustainable in the 21st century."
Referring to the task of developing a well-defined work programme, the African Group was of the strong view that:
* The work programme should be comprehensive and cover all remaining DDA issues as per the MC9 (Bali ministerial) mandate. It must also respect the existing mandates for the negotiations including negotiation principles enshrined therein. Drawing from our previous intervention, it is worth underscoring that the current consultations on the work programme are not a renegotiation of existing and agreed mandates.
* Development dimension must cut across every subject matter under negotiations in a way that proves it economically meaningful.
* Every novel idea must be tested against the existing mandates and no effort should be spared in ensuring that the process, approaches, the substance and principles of negotiations are adhered to, to the fullest extent.
* Lastly, the flexibilities of the African Countries, in all their categories, must be fully preserved. This is a golden standard against which every new idea should be subjected to.
Barbados (on behalf of the ACP Group) referred to its elements paper of March 2015 as a contribution to stimulate thinking on a modalities-type work programme from its perspective. The paper addresses the areas of importance to the Group in concluding the DDA, recognising that the work programme must be comprehensive and include all remaining DDA areas, it said.
With only three months left to complete the mandated clearly defined work programme, it is imperative that members move to specifics and begin to clearly detail not only the contours, but the specifics of the work programme, said Barbados.
According to the ACP, its Member States will also seek to do their part, bearing in mind that:
* Development must remain at the centre of discussions. In this regard, special and differential treatment must be integral part of the various pillars. However, these are integral elements, not negotiating points to be traded and measured against overall balance.
* Re-calibration must not entail undermining the development dimension of the Round and the special and differential treatment and flexibilities of ACP Member States. As such, re-calibration must not be synonymous with requesting greater contributions or more market access from ACP States.
* The mandate requires a clearly defined work programme on all the remaining DDA elements. As such we must intensify our efforts in all the areas, not only the three main elements of Agriculture, NAMA and Services, but Development, LDC issues and the other areas as well.
* We as a Membership must deliver a clearly defined work programme by 31 July 2015 as we have been mandated to do and have concrete, tangible deliverables ahead of the 10th Ministerial Conference in Nairobi as we seek not only the development of the work programme, but the conclusion of the Doha Development Round.
Saudi Arabia (on behalf of the Arab Group) stressed the importance of moving to a solution-based approach as quickly as possible.
On behalf of the Recently-Acceded Members (RAMs), Saudi Arabia said that there was need to focus on what is doable. In calibrating any of these negotiations, it needs to be appreciated that the RAMs have already made extensive commitments. There is no "water" left in their schedules.
Indonesia (on behalf of the G-33) stressed the importance of food security, livelihood security and rural development. There is need to address the inequities of the outcome of the Uruguay Round. Some members have been questioning the mandate and legitimacy of the G-33 proposals which would cover hundreds of millions of small farmers.
The G-33 wants to preserve the hard-won gains from the Rev. 4 draft agriculture modalities text, and this means, for example, special products (SP) and the special safeguard mechanism (SSM). It also stressed the importance of public stockholding for food security purposes.
Brazil (on behalf of the G-20) said that agriculture has lagged behind for many years. It is high time that we move to correct these imbalances. Agriculture will set the level of ambition. There must be balance across the three pillars - market access, domestic support and export competition - and progress must be made in all areas, it said.
According to the G-20, the Rev. 4 text remains the basis for negotiations. Agriculture holds the key that will enable members to make progress elsewhere. It also stressed on special and differential treatment (S&D) as being key. There is need to move into a more solution-oriented approach. There is a floor of ambition beyond which the point of this exercise stops making sense, it said.
Switzerland (on behalf of the G-10) said that the group attaches the highest importance to the multilateral trading system and is strongly committed to completing the DDA negotiations. At the moment, it seems clear that the disagreement over domestic support is holding back progress in other areas.
With respect to market access in agriculture, the G-10 has defensive interests and this is where the G-10 countries are most exposed. But they are prepared to engage in different tariff cutting approaches if their sensitivities are respected. They remain strongly opposed to tariff capping, and they would like to see the issue of export restrictions being taken up.
On behalf of itself, Switzerland said that the situation with respect to moving on the three pillars of agriculture is being affected by the fact that there is very little movement on NAMA and services. Across the board, it seems that members are having more defensive than offensive interests. This makes negotiating very difficult. Any solution must respect S&D.
It also said that a no outcome at the Nairobi ministerial conference will most probably kill the round. The post-Bali work programme is not an objective in itself but a step to concluding the DDA. The DDA must be comprehensive but also be doable. The post-Bali work programme needs to respect the sensitivities of all members but it must also be a springboard for MC10 (Nairobi ministerial) and the eventual conclusion of the round.
Mali (on behalf of the Cotton-4 countries) said that the group does not envisage concluding any agreement that does not involve cotton.
Nepal said that MC10 and the fate of the Doha Development Agenda are contingent on a successful outcome for the post-Bali work programme. The LDCs want an outcome that can address their interests, specifically putting the development dimension and S&D at the heart of the negotiations.
Venezuela said that the development dimension should be at the heart of the negotiations, with agriculture at the centre. There is need to deliver on agriculture, cotton, S&D, and less than full reciprocity in the tariff-cutting negotiations. Unfortunately, we are seeing market access becoming the key issue in these negotiations and this only benefits certain members, it said.
Some industrial countries are trying to alter S&D to suit their interests, it said, adding that these principles instead need to cater to the legitimate interests of the developing countries.
Turkey said that it would like to see a doable outcome for the post-Bali work programme. The imbalances from the Uruguay Round need to be addressed. Re-calibrating would not mean revisiting the mandate of the DDA. We cannot start from scratch. We need balance across the pillars. SP and SSM should be at the heart of any outcome. The developing countries that do not have AMS commitments should be exempt from any cuts in their de minimis or OTDS reductions.
The European Union said that members talked about the need for parallelism, simplification and doability early on in the work programme process, and "we had what seemed to be a common understanding that those Members making far-reaching requests on sensitive issues, need to put forward commensurate concessions of their own. While we are seeing ambitious requests being made, the ensuing readiness to contribute with commensurate concessions still seems to be missing."
In the same vein, it has been clear for a long time that similar and calibrated levels of ambition need to be pursued in the individual pillars of negotiations. In this regard, the question of balance must continue to be at the centre of attention. Attempting to put together a deal in which high ambition is pursued in certain areas in order to compensate for the fact that nothing or very little is done in others is not a recipe for success; quite the contrary, it said.
"Similarly, trying to put certain areas before others and promoting sequencing ideas will not help us succeed. While it is clear that agriculture is on everyone's mind and without it there can be no deal, it is equally true that no deal will be possible without the other areas."
The EU further said: "As difficult as it is, we need to engage on all issues and allow them to advance technically while keeping at the back of our minds that ambition will have to be adjusted and calibrated across all pillars in order to arrive at a final acceptable balance. There should be no misunderstanding on this point: all issues, core and non-core, need to form part of the work-programme and part of the final deal. Anything less will simply not work."
While the EU is firmly opposed to any notion of sequencing in the limited time before members, it fully understands that many Members want to advance on agriculture. In this context, it welcomed, for example, the degree of convergence that is appearing on export competition and the need for a balanced outcome across the entire pillar.
"The discussion so far has however rightly focused on domestic support, where we have also been clear about our interest and readiness to have an ambitious outcome. This cannot mean however that while some Members would dramatically cut their trade distorting domestic support, others would be allowed to increase their spending to levels never before seen. Trade distorting domestic support is a common concern and everyone needs to contribute to addressing it."
It noted that creative ideas have been put on the table, which merit further exploration and eventually more will be needed. "Nevertheless, the debates of recent weeks have clearly shown that the best we could collectively hope for in this round would be an outcome which respects current policies, whilst seeking to limit excessive increases in the use of trade distorting measures. This, together with further flexibilities that will be needed in order to address the public stockholding issue, will have an impact on all other areas of negotiations."
According to the EU, crucially, the approach on agricultural market access will have to mirror the overall direction that is being taken on domestic support. Progress in this area will only be possible on the basis of a simplified approach, which while setting a clear benchmark in terms of tariff reductions, will give Members the necessary flexibility in deciding which tariff lines to cut.
Such an approach would ensure an appropriate level of ambition without however necessitating the introduction of complicating factors, which would be disproportionate to the overall approach being taken, it said.
The approach on agricultural market access will of course have a knock-on effect on NAMA, where averaging would again seem the most promising way of proceeding. It would give a meaningful result while providing Members with flexibility in terms of implementation.
It is the EU's firm belief that, now more than ever, "we all need to focus on the realistic and the doable. We need to be clear in our minds whether we would prefer to get in the near future a deal and to close the DDA with the doable and meaningful results which are within our reach or hold out for something bigger which may however never materialise."
According to trade officials, Uruguay reiterated that it cannot accept a zero outcome in agriculture.
Japan said that on the positive side, it welcomes the increased number of ideas and proposals that are being put forward that are based upon necessary re-calibration. On the worrisome side, there remain differences between major members who are sticking to concepts that would not move us forward.
The United States said that the effort for re-calibration that reality dictates, and which most Members acknowledge as necessary, is proving every bit as challenging as other modes and mechanisms members have tried in the past.
"Nonetheless, re-calibration has been happening. Like others, the United States is deeply disappointed that its original aspirations for the Round have not been realized. We have consistently believed that we had a real opportunity, from 2001 forward, to bring about significant, new liberalization that would advance the economic development prospects of all Members, particularly developing Members. That opportunity, if not completely evaporated, has certainly been extensively eroded."
"We know that our insistence that all major agricultural subsidisers participate in taking on new disciplines for trade-distorting support is difficult for certain other Members. We know, as well, that some other Members do not want to hear that it cannot be acceptable for only some Members to contribute cuts in applied tariffs while others contribute only policy space. We know that many Members are deeply attached to the texts known as Rev. 3 and Rev. 4. We find this misguided, since those texts never found consensus. And indeed, the very reasons that prevented consensus in 2008 have grown more profound in the seven years since, namely the changed role of emerging economies."
Referring to the frequent references to the mandate that it has heard, the US said that if finding a solution were as simple as adhering to the mandate, "we would have done so a decade ago. The truth is that the mandate is ambiguous, and we have never agreed on what it means. We certainly have not agreed how to operationalize the mandate as an actual trade agreement."
It added that some of those who cite the mandate most seem always to skip over the parts they don't like, including the guidance from 2011's MC8, when all of our Ministers directed us to "explore different negotiating approaches."
"So, we are all finding that re-calibration may not be as easy as we would have liked, in that it doesn't do away with a constellation of conflicting political and policy difficulties that are simply extremely hard to reconcile... We cannot bury our head in the sand and wish reality away, and in April 2015, our choice is clear: either we adapt our collective expectations significantly and quickly, or the WTO must begin to confront the prospect of a definitive failure," said the US.
Argentina endorsed the G-20 statement. It said that it is not prepared to discuss export restrictions, particularly when there are so many other distortions in agriculture.
Uganda endorsed the G-33, ACP and African Group statements. While its true that the Rev. 4 and Rev. 3 texts have not been agreed, the new ideas put forward have not been agreed either. There is a mandate that has been set, based on agreement by ministers in Doha, as well as in 2004 (July framework), in Hong Kong (in 2005) and in Bali (in 2013). There is need for balance across agriculture, NAMA and services, with the single undertaking and the development dimension being preserved, it said.
Korea said that it is discouraged by the speed and quality of progress made so far. It does not know what the post-Bali work programme is going to look like let alone what the substance will be. The deadlock on domestic support is hampering progress in other issues in agriculture as well as in NAMA and services. The 31 July deadline (for agreeing on the post-Bali work programme) is crucially important. Those who call for re-calibration or simplification need to put forward proposals that are more specific so that there can be engagement on these questions, it said.
China said that re-calibration of the Rev. 4 and Rev. 3 texts must take into account the mandates coming from Doha, as well as that of 2004 (July framework), Hong Kong and Bali. It can look at alternatives but these mandates need to be respected. It cannot see how a success can arise when some members are seeking more flexibilities and requiring less flexibility of others, or even greater commitments from others.
On the question of domestic support, for example, China asked are we talking about a collective or selective re-calibration. If it is a selective approach, this will not lead to consensus. When you talk about re-calibration, you need to talk about how much, where this would take place and for whom.
On the question of RAMs, it said that there is no more "water" to be given. The RAMs have already made their contribution to the outcome of the DDA, by virtue of the commitments made on their accession.
China further said that it will be very hard to have a successful outcome without services and rules in a final package. The Doha Round is a very complex negotiation, more complex than any other round, and so it bears keeping in mind the difficulties that many members have had, and that it would not be realistic to expect one, two, three or four members to make contributions to save the round while the others do nothing.
Paraguay said that there is need to address OTDS, and amber box as well as de minimis will need to be looked at as well. On SSM, it said that this is something that should only be used selectively and there should be a sunset clause. On public stockholding for food security purposes, it said that the Bali decision must be respected in its entirety, and adequate transparency and safeguards must be ensured.
Norway said that there is need to keep the development dimension at the centre, and that agriculture will determine the level of ambition. It is increasingly concerned about progress in other areas apart from agriculture. While it is defensive on agriculture, it is engaging in the negotiations. We will all have to revise our positions and adjust them to take into account the current realities, it said.
Colombia said that there is need to study alternatives and to see more new proposals. The post-Bali work programme is not the end of the line but is just something that would help us get to the conclusion of the DDA. It stressed the importance of balance across the three pillars in agriculture.
Pakistan said that there needs to be balance across the three pillars. There is need to look at public stockholding for food security purposes and the unintended consequences of these programmes. In NAMA, not only tariffs but NTBs must also be addressed. This is crucially important for developing countries as NTBs are increasingly being used as barriers to market access.
India (represented by Ambassador Anjali Prasad) associated itself with the statements made by Brazil on behalf of the G-20 and Indonesia on behalf of the G-33. It is evident that this renewed phase of engagement has not yielded concrete progress, and the contours of the post Bali-Work Programme still remain elusive, it said.
First and foremost, India said, we need to clear the strategic fog over the so-called "re-calibration" in the ambition levels. In its view, progress can be made only if members seeking "re-calibration" could spell it out in clear terms. This has not been done thus far. Further, "re-calibration" has to be vis-a-vis something. What is that benchmark? Do we have a common understanding in this regard?
"Another related question is whether we can ignore the work that has already been undertaken by members collectively since the Round was launched," India asked, referring to the Ministerial mandates and the 2008 texts.
"The existing texts have a sort of inherent balance and connectivity of issues. If that is disturbed in the name of "re-calibration", do we start with a clean slate? If not, how will the elements of a package be identified without the possibility of cherry picking?"
India believes that the 2008 texts should be the basis for future work along with the Hong Kong Ministerial Decisions. Exploring different approaches (a reference to the US remarks about the 2011 MC8) is surely not tantamount to inverting the ministerial mandates and the principles that guide the negotiating process in this organization.
Recalling that the Doha Round is a "development round", India said that it is therefore crucial that in the search for the right level of ambition in agriculture and other areas under negotiation, "we do not lose sight of the centrality of rebalancing inequities" and of the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries. Any discussion on "doability", "re-calibration" or "simplification" should not result in the dilution of the "development quotient" of this Round, as enshrined in the ministerial decisions since the Doha Declaration."
Linked to this is the issue of higher contributions by some developing countries. The attempt appears to be to make progress in the Round conditional upon the contributions by these members, which are still developing countries and grappling with the challenges of large scale poverty, underdevelopment and inadequate access to the basic necessities of life.
"Differentiation among developing countries in this manner, is unacceptable" India said, adding that such arguments and conditionalities undermine the very basis of the negotiating function of the WTO which is premised on certain accepted principles, which do not allow for such differentiation.
"Any such attempt therefore is bound to delay our movement towards a work programme and eventually the conclusion of the Round. Contributions have to be benchmarked to levels of development rather than some vague sense of the world having changed."
India said it would like an early conclusion of the Round but not at any cost and in any manner whatsoever. The conclusion must deliver a meaningful development outcome. It appeared to India that an atmosphere is sought to be created that if most of what the "re-calibrators" want, is not agreed to, the Round would be dead. December 2015 is being talked about as a defacto deadline.
"We believe that this is a hasty characterization by those who, are perhaps, uncomfortable with the development dimension involving correction of the inequities in the international trading system, of which they are currently the beneficiaries," it said, pointing out that there is still time till MC-10.
"Rather than delving in doomsday scenarios, it would be helpful if we could engage constructively and positively in addressing the issues most crucial to a successful conclusion of the Round."
According to India, agriculture remains central to any outcome in this Round. "It has been our consistent position along with several other developing members that the level of ambition in this Round would be determined by agriculture. While we remain engaged and are willing to redouble our efforts to discuss all areas in an exploratory and "without prejudice" basis, meaningful engagement in other areas would have to await clarity on possible outcomes in agriculture."
India believes that Rev. 4 provides a good basis for the work in agriculture, and that SP, SSM and a permanent solution on public stockholding for food security purposes must be part of an outcome in MC-10. India also has a deep interest in NAMA and services but active engagement in these areas would depend on the meaning of re-calibration and how it would impact the core pillar of agriculture.
India believes that members have a unique opportunity and indeed an obligation to level the playing field in this Round so that trade does in fact deliver on development and poverty alleviation.
"We need to strive for balanced outcomes keeping in mind the existing mandate and progress already achieved in the negotiations, so far," it said.
(* With inputs from D. Ravi Kanth.) +
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In the gallery you will see, through December 17, 2015, art quilts based on the spice trade. Called "Along the Spice Route," this exhibit of 35 quilts is rich in color and imagery. Many spices including well known cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger are represented with others maybe not so familiar' "asafoetida," "amchur powder," and "ajwain." To conjure an image that speaks to a spice is the beauty of how each art quilt came to be. There may be several representations of a specific spice in the exhibit, but no two quilts are alike. The compositions each, are appropriate in size and scale and masterfully executed.
With humankind came quilting, noted as early as 3400 B.C. and spices and space trade, as early as 2000 B.C., from China along the spice route to the Middle East. Quilting also traveled from the Middle East to Europe, believed to be around the 11th century. Hopefully, we all remember quilts as part of early America, revered now for their great artistry, they still functioned only as utilitarian. The "art quilt" happened in the 1960's with nontraditional quilting techniques – think beading and application of many types of materials -- and for wall display! When you visit the art quilts enjoy the moment.


text:
Emmanuel Goldstein (Founder, 2600)
Filed under: Main Page — Administrator @ 12:40 pm
Presentation Title: The Evolution of Hacking
There have always been hackers. People who challenge the rules, think outside the box, and pool their knowledge and resources have been responsible for all sorts of inventions and discoveries over the centuries. With computers, phones, and the rise of the technocratic state, their importance and visibility have multiplied dramatically. But with that visibility has come fear from those who don't understand.
In a post-9/11 world, hackers have become almost as much of a "threat" as terrorists. Laws that have been hastily passed in countries all over the world demonize acts of exploration as if they were the real threats to society. The result of this sort of suppression will be a culture of fear and suspicion where technological progress slows to a crawl. Emmanuel Goldstein has witnessed the growth of the hacker world over the past few decades. Something that for him started as fun and games has turned into a global phenomenon with very serious implications.
About Emmanuel:
Emmanuel Goldstein is the editor and cofounder of 2600, which has been publishing since 1984. He traces his hacker roots to his college days at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in the late 1970s. In fact, he wound up being the focus of an FBI raid on campus in 1983. He is also the chief organizer of the Hackers On Planet Earth conferences, which have been held in New York City since 1994, bringing thousands of hackers from around the globe together to trade stories and techniques.
Emmanuel hosts America's only hacker radio show which airs on New York City's WBAI 99.5 FM every Wednesday evening. The program has also become extremely popular over the Internet. In addition, he directed/produced the film on the Kevin Mitnick story entitled "Freedom Downtime." To this day Emmanuel enjoys playing with phones, operators, and customer service representatives worldwide. His passions include urban exploration, mind exploration, and space exploration.


text:
Q: Parse `df` output for `/dev/disk/by-uuid/xxx` I would like to ask you why this command work
df -P /dev/sda1 | grep /dev/sda1 | awk '{ print $5}' | sed 's/%//g'

But not this one?
df -P /dev/disk/by-uuid/0E5E17800E5E1780 | grep /dev/disk/by-uuid/0E5E17800E5E1780 | awk '{ print $5}' | sed 's/%//g'

Something to change or is impossible that work with uuid?
This is my full script
#!/bin/bash
inputa=90
#outputa=$(df -P /dev/sda1 | grep /dev/sda1 | awk '{ print $5}' | sed 's/%//g')
outputa=$(df -P /dev/disk/by-uuid/0E5E17800E5E1780 | grep /dev/disk/by-uuid/0E5E17800E5E1780 | awk '{ print $5}' | sed 's/%//g')

if  [ "$inputa -lt $outputa" ]
then
     find /home/user/Documents/ipcams/ipcam2 -type f -name "*.mp4" -mtime +25 -exec rm {} \;
    (date +"%Y-%m-%d Heure:  %H-%M-%S") >> /home/user/ipcam.log
      echo Pourcentage $outputa "%" >> /home/user/ipcam.log

else echo rien

fi

Have a great day
Thanks

A: The problem is that although df shows information about the device specified by the UUID, the first column of its output still refers to it by the /dev/sdXY block device name - so the grep fails to match.
In fact, there's no need to use grep at all - you can use awk to skip the header line (and even to remove the % sign):
$ df -P /dev/sda1 | awk 'NR == 2 { print substr($5,1,length($5)-1) }'
80

$ df -P /dev/disk/by-uuid/79b5546e-5b3e-4299-becb-5f0cad06cf5f | awk 'NR == 2 { print substr($5,1,length($5)-1) }'
80

A: /dev/disk/by-uuid/0E5E17800E5E178 is a link to a Device, which may or may not contain a Filesystem. df works only on filesystems, not raw devices. From man df:
df displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument.


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