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Glossary of Academic Words
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Jargon, terminology, nomenclature – there are lots of difficult words in the English language to describe subject-specific vocabulary. To make understanding that little bit easier for students and tutors, we've include a glossary of single-sentence definitions (and related courses) for the most commonly used academic-English words.
Acronyms (NATO), contractions (shouldn't) and initialisms (WHO) are all types of abbreviation, which are when one or many words are shortened from their original form for quickness.
Related courses: Words, Word Structures, Abbreviations
The first section of a dissertation or thesis in which a summary of the entire primary research is provided to the reader in brief.
Related courses: Dissertations, Theses, The Abstract
These are the rules and regulations that students and tutors should follow if they wish to be considered functioning members of an academic community.
Related courses: Study Skills, Collusion Avoidance, Plagiarism Avoidance
The vocabulary and language structures which are acceptable in academic contexts, such as cohesive devices, hedging language or reporting verbs.
Related courses: Vocabulary, Academic Language, Academic Word Lists
When a member of an academic institution breaks the rules of that institution, such as by cheating, colluding or committing plagiarism.
Academic Word List
A bank of words collected by linguistics (language scientists) which are used much more frequently in academic contexts than in general settings.
Related courses: Academic Language, Academic Word Lists
In referencing, an acknowledgement is when one author publicly recognises the ideas and research of another author, usually by including a combination of citations and references.
Related courses: Referencing, Citation Types, References and Reference Lists
A word class which is usually used to describe nouns within a sentence, such as difficult in difficult examination.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Adjectives
A word class which is usually used to modify verbs within a sentence and which often end in the suffix -ly, such as slowly in speak slowly.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Adverbs
Adverbial
A phrase function (like a subject or an object) in which a phrase acts like an adverb in an expression, modifying the verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Phrase Functions, Adverbials and Complements
Affixation
In grammar, this is a lexical process in which morphemes (pieces of words) are attached to an existing word to alter its grammar, meaning or class.
Related courses: Affixes, Prefixes, Suffixes
Alphabetical Ordering
The organisation of a list of items (such as a reference list) using the alphabet, with items that start with 'A' coming first on that list and those that begin with 'Z' being placed last.
Related courses: Referencing, References and Reference Lists
When a word has the opposite meaning to another word, such as how big and small are antonyms of each other (related to synonym).
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Word Meanings, Antonyms and Synonyms
A type of punctuation mark (') which is particularly useful for forming abbreviations and possessive constructions.
Related courses: Punctuation, Apostrophes, Abbreviations
A collection of optional resources placed at the back of an assignment that are not essential to grading that work, including items such as transcripts, questionnaires or images.
Related courses: Referencing, Appendices and Bibliographies
In grammar, these are a type of determiner which can be divided into definite (the) and indefinite (a/an) forms, both of which are used to specify nouns.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Word Types, Determiners
The name of the organisation or business that would like to be recognised as the author of a piece of work, such as the British Broadcasting Corporation.
Related courses: Referencing, Including Authors
The first type of (undergraduate) degree available at university, usually completed within three or four years of continuous on-campus or distance-learning study.
Related courses: Getting Qualified, Bachelor's Degrees, Master's Degrees
An element of an introductory paragraph that provides the reader with the context of the essay topic, such as a definition of key terms or the history of the topic in brief.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Introductory Paragraphs, Background Information
An alphabetical list of sources that were read when completing an academic assignment, usually placed at the end of that assignment with careful formatting (much the same way a reference list).
When learning is conducted both face-to-face in class and online in a mixed format, particularly popular in modern institutions.
The expressions and gestures which a presenter makes to provide information to the audience beyond and in addition to the spoken word.
Related courses: Presentation Skills, Body Language, Delivery Strategies
Boolean Operator
A written instruction such as AND, NOT, "" and * that is used in a library or internet search engine to expand or narrow a researcher's search results.
Related courses: Research Skills, Conducting Digital Searches, Finding Academic Sources
CAE Test
The Certificate in Advanced English as created and managed by Cambridge University to test the proficiency in English of non-native speakers.
Related courses: Careers Advice, CAE, IELTS
The combination of numbers and letters which are printed on the spine of a library book to indicate the precise location of that book within the library's shelves.
The Cambridge University Certificate of English Language Teaching to Adults.
Related courses: Getting Qualified, Cambridge University CELTA
Chronological Ordering
The organisation of a list of items (usually in a reference list) using historical dates, with items that have earlier dates (such as '2001') being placed before those with more recent dates (such as '2019').
A piece of text such as (Jones, 2020) that is placed within an academic assignment or published research to acknowledge a source being used as support for that work.
Related courses: Referencing, Referencing Features, Citation Types
In grammar, the combination of a subject and a verb creates a clause, which may be independent or dependent depending on whether another cause is required to form a complete sentence.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentences, Sentence Clauses
Similar to a society, an academic club is a collection of like-minded people who work together to complete a goal, whether a sport, an activity or an intellectual pursuit.
Related courses: Getting Experienced, Clubs and Societies
Cohesive Device
The various words and phrases which are used to signpost and make connections within academic communication (particularly within essays), such as however, finally or the first.
Related courses: Academic Language, Cohesive Devices, Coherence and Cohesion
When words or phrases have a tendency to be found together, such as how give and advice or do and homework are found together.
Related courses: Academic Language, Phrases, Collocations
This is a type of academic misconduct in which two or more students work together on a piece of work that is intended to be completed alone, such as an essay.
A type of punctuation mark (:) which is often taken to mean for example and which is used to introduce a new independent clause
Related courses: Punctuation, Colons and Semicolons
A type of punctuation mark (,) which is most commonly used to list words or phrases or to separate clauses.
Related courses: Punctuation, Commas
A language structure which compares one thing with another, usually by adding -er to an adjective, such as faster or smarter (she is smarter than he is).
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Affixes, Comparatives and Superlatives
A phrase function (like a subject or an object) in which a word, phrase or clause completes the meaning of an expression, usually following subjects and copula verbs.
Complex Sentence
A sentence which is made of one independent clause and one dependent clause, such as Because I study English daily, I am quite good at it.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentence Structures, Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound Complex Sentence
A sentence which is made of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clause, such as Because I study English daily, I am quite good at it and I think I will pass the test.
Compound Sentence
A sentence which is made of two or more independent clauses, such as I study English, and I like French too.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentence Structures, Simple and Compound Sentences
Compound Word
A word that is formed by joining two words together in a compound, such as how work and book can combine to create the new word workbook.
Related courses: Word Structures, Abbreviations, Compounds
Concision
The practice of using as few words as possible to express something clearly, particularly important in academic assessments which have limited word counts.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Concision
Connected Speech
The practice of speaking fluently by focusing on improving areas of connected speech, such as elision and liaison.
Related courses: Pronunciation Skills, International Phonetic Alphabet, Connected Speech
Copula Verb
A special type of verb such as be or seem which carries little meaning and which is used to join a subject with its complement – as in she seems angry.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Copula Verbs
The act of agreeing to an aspect of an argument, usually indicated in the topic sentence of a body paragraph directly before a rebuttal.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Body Paragraphs, Conceding and Rebutting
A word class which is used to combine words, phrases or sentences, such as and, because or while (divided into coordinating and subordinating types).
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Word Types, Conjunctions
The close-mouthed sounds which are used to pronounce a word, usually represented by graphemes such as k, m, t and z in the English language.
Related courses: Word Structures, Pronunciation Skills, Syllables
A type of abbreviation in which two words are blended together into one form, usually using an apostrophe (') in English, such as how should and not become shouldn't.
Related courses: Word Structures, Abbreviations, Contractions
A contributing author is one who has written only one or two chapters in a published source (such as an edited book) that contains many chapters from multiple different authors.
Coordinating Conjunction
A type of conjunction which is used to join coordinating clauses and words, such as and, but and so.
A collection of words, phrases and sentences, usually millions of words big, which is studied by linguists and language students to increase the knowledge of language patterns.
Related courses: Research Skills, Using Corpora
Unlike exams, this is the assessed work which is completed throughout a course that contributes to a student's final grade, such as essays and presentations.
Related courses: Assignments, Essays, Presentations
The description of something in as clear, logical and concise a way as possible, usually to clarify its meaning, purpose or significance.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Defining and Categorising
Delivery Strategies
The methods which are used to improve a presenter's delivery, such as paying attention to body language, pronunciation, tone and posture.
The Cambridge University Diploma in English Language Teaching to Adults.
Demonstrative
In grammar, demonstratives (this/these/that/those) are a type of determiner and are used to specify nouns as part of the noun phrase.
A type of clause (subject and verb combination) which cannot stand as a complete clause with being combined with another clause, such as Because I study English…
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentences, Dependent Clauses
Determiner
A word class which includes articles (the), demonstratives (this) and quantifiers (some), all of which are used to modify nouns as part of the noun phrase.
Derivation
A lexical and grammatical process in which affixes are added to words to alter their meaning or word class (see prefixes and suffixes).
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Affixes, Derivational Affixation
A book or online tool which attempts to list, exemplify and define all the words in a given language.
Related courses: Research Skills, Using Dictionaries
An extended essay of between 10,000 and 15,000 words, usually completed at the end of a bachelor's or master's degree as the final assessment.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Dissertations
Doctorate Degree
Also known as a PhD, this terminal degree is usually completed within four to eight years after submission of a thesis and completion of a viva.
Related courses: Getting Qualified, Doctorate Degrees, Theses
A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an alphanumeric identifier which is used to locate online sources (particularly journal articles) in large digital repositories.
Referencing, References and Reference Lists, Conducting Digital Searches
The process of planning and producing an academic assessment, particularly the writing of a an essay in an early and unfinished stage.
Related courses: Study Skills, Planning and Drafting
The process of checking a piece of work for content-based errors or gaps, such as the deletion of a paragraph, the improvement of a sentence or the addition of a new supporting detail.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Editing and Proofreading
A numeric reference to an explanation, source or additional comment which is included as a note on a separate page at the end of a piece of research or an assignment.
Related courses: Referencing, Endnotes and Footnotes, Referencing Styles
A written academic assignment that requires an introduction, a body section and a conclusion (and which is shorter than a dissertation or thesis).
Related courses: Essays, Essay Types, Essay Writing
A Latin term meaning and others which is used directly after the first author's family name within a citation (Smith et al., 2010) to indicate that four or more authors have authored that source.
Related courses: Referencing, Including Authors, Citation Types
Conducted before a course in the middle of a course or at the end of the course, examinations are assessments which are designed to test a student's competence in a subject.
Related courses: Examinations, Exam Preparation, Exam Types
A name (also known as a surname) which is shared among family members such as 'Johnson', 'Small' or 'Zhang' and which is most often the same as the father's family name.
Finite Verb
A verb which can be conjugated to demonstrate grammatical features such as tense or agreement.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Verbs
The precise display rules which should be followed to correctly format a given assignment, usually involving aspects such as spacing, punctuation, capitalisation, italics and font size.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Formatting
A numeric reference to an explanation, source or additional comment which is placed at the bottom of the same page in an assignment or piece of research as a short note.
Full Stop
A type of punctuation mark (.) which is most commonly used in abbreviations (Mr.) or to mark the end of a complete sentence.
Related courses: Punctuation, Full Stops, Abbreviations
Fresher's Week
The first week of university which is dedicated to the freshman (the new first-year students), usually involving interactive activities and information sessions.
Related courses: Settling In, Fresher's Week, Making Friends
Gist Listening
Listening for the overall message of something, not listening for specific information or detail.
Related courses: Listening Skills, Gist, Specific and Detail Listening
A name that is more unique to an individual than a family name, such as 'Alex', 'Paige' or 'Isabella' – often provided to a person by their parents as a first or middle name.
The written representation of a sound in a language, such as how /ʃ/ is written using the graphemes [s] and [h] in combination, as in shout.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Words, Spelling
An assessed academic assignment in which a small group of students work together to discuss a topic or series of topics for around 10 minutes.
Related courses: Assignments, Group Discussions
Hanging Indentation
A type of indentation which is used for improving the display of references, in which every line of that reference other than the first line is indented within the page.
Hedging Language
The words and phrases such as may, could and might possibly which are used to make a claim or argument more cautious and which protect the author's reputation.
Related courses: Vocabulary, Academic Language, Hedging Language
When a word has the same spelling or pronunciation as another word but different meanings and origins, such as check and Czech.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Word Meanings, Homonyms and Polysemes
A type of punctuation mark (-) which is most commonly used to join prefixes and suffixes to words or to compound words into adjective phrases.
Related courses: Punctuation, Dashes and Hyphens, Affixes
An unproven theory, usually at the centre of a piece of academic investigation in order to find empirical evidence for its veracity and accuracy.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Hypothesising Trends
A Latin term meaning the same which is included in repeating citations to indicate that the new information which has been introduced is also taken from the previously cited source.
A word or phrase which possesses a meaning which is not obvious from the words it contains, such as raining cats and dogs (raining heavily) or burning the midnight oil (staying up late).
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Word Meanings, Idiomatic Phrases (Idioms)
The International English Language Testing System which is designed to measure the proficiency in English of non-native speakers.
Related courses: Careers Advice, CAE, TOEFL
A type of clause (subject and verb combination) which can stand as a complete clause without being combined with another clause, such as I study English…
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentences, Independent Clauses
A verb which cannot be conjugated to demonstrate grammatical features such as tense or agreement, such as to study or studying.
A lexical and grammatical process in which affixes are added to words to alter aspects of their grammar such as plurality, possession or tense (see prefixes and suffixes).
In-sessional Course
A supportive language-based course provided usually to non-native speakers of English who are in the middle of studying for a bachelor's or master's degree.
Related courses: Getting Qualified, In-sessional Courses
Integral Citation
A type of citation that demonstrates clear source voice in which the source authors are placed inside the main text and outside the brackets of the citation, like Smith (2010).
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
A type of alphabet which is used to represent all possible sounds in all languages around the world.
Related courses: Pronunciation Skills, International Phonetic Alphabet
A verb which cannot take any objects in a grammatical structure, such as in the object-less expression the ice melted vs the transitive expression I melted the ice.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Verb Transitivity
Different to a seminar, a lecture is traditionally when a tutor delivers a presentation to a class while the students quietly take notes, whether online or offline.
Related courses: Lectures and Seminars
Lecture Cues
The signposting language which is used in a spoken lecture to indicate certain things, such as the inclusion of new information, comparison, exemplification or summarisation.
Related courses: Listening Skills, Gist, Specific and Detail Listening, Listening for Lecture Cues
The third section of a dissertation or thesis in which the writer provides a detailed summary of the most important research which has been conducted about the essay topic.
Related courses: Dissertations, Theses, The Literature Review
The first type of (postgraduate) degree available at university, usually completed within one or two years of continuous on-campus or distance-learning study.
The fourth section of a dissertation or thesis in which the writer provides a detailed description of the particular methods which were used to collect the primary research.
Related courses: Dissertations, Theses, The Methodology
Modal Verb
A special type of verb such as can or should which cannot be conjugated and which adds modality (possibility, permission, etc.) to the verb phrase.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Modal Verbs
Morpheme
The pieces of a word which are used to build words, which may include bases, roots and affixes (see prefixes and suffixes) in the study of morphology.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Words, Affixes
Multiple-Source Citation
A type of citation in which more than one source is listed within the same set of brackets to indicate that the same claim or piece of evidence is taken from multiple sources, such as (Smith, 2010; Jones, 2012; Zhang, 2020).
Non-Integral Citation
A type of citation (which demonstrates a combination of writer and source voice) that is usually found at the end of a piece of information with all its elements inside brackets, such as (Smith, 2010).
The small cards which are used during a presentation to prompt the presenter's memory as to the content of their presentation.
Related courses: Presentation Skills, Scripts and Notecards
Notetaking
When the details of a presentation, publication or discussion are written in note form, whether using a a personalised notetaking style or a method such as Cornell notes, margin notes or mind mapping.
Related courses: Study Skills, Mind Mapping, Notetaking
The most common word class in any language, nouns are used to describe objects, ideas and events (such as chair, love or Christmas) and may be pluralised and made possessive.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Nouns
A phrase function (like a subject or a complement) in which a noun or noun phrase acts as the receiver of the action of the verb, such as English in he studies English.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Phrase Functions, Subjects and Objects
Also known as a roadmap, the outline is a element of an introductory paragraph that provides the reader with a brief list of the main ideas of the essay in the same order as presented in the body.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Introductory Paragraphs, Outlines
The pattern of having to repeat grammatical elements with the same grammatical pattern when listed together, as in I came, I saw, I conquered.
Related courses: Academic Language, Phrases, Parallel Structures
When one author takes another author's ideas or evidence and writes that information in different words while maintaining the same or similar meaning.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Paraphrasing
Passive Construction
In grammar, a type of language structure using be + past participle in which the agent of the action is absent from the structure or placed into a by phrase, such as in the exam was completed by me.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Passive Constructions
When a piece of research is checked by other professionals or academics for accuracy and to help guarantee quality, reliability and veracity.
A special type of verb + adverb/preposition combination such as clock in or shut down which carries idiomatic meaning and which is is uncommonly used in academic contexts.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Phrasal Verbs
When one author uses or copies another author's work or research without providing clear acknowledgement in the form of citations and references.
Related courses: Study Skills, Plagiarism Avoidance, Referencing
Polyseme
When two words which look identical have different meanings, such book in the expressions read a book and book a table.
A collection of academic assessments such as drawings or essays which are collated together into one document or folder to form a single assignment.
Related courses: Assignments, Portfolios
As a word class, prepositions (at/on/over) are unique in that they pre-modify nouns and noun phrases, providing information about space, time or manner.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Prepositions
A type of affix such as un- or re- that attaches to the beginning of a word to change that word's meaning, such as in do, redo and undo.
Pre-sessional Course
A preparatory language-based course provided usually to non-native speakers of English who are about to begin studying for a bachelor's or master's degree.
Related courses: Getting Qualified, Pre-sessional Courses
The original data resources or investigations that might be used as a source of information, such as a recording or a diary, or a journal article that includes details about its own research.
Related courses: Referencing, Sources and Search Terms
When the author of a piece of work carefully checks that work before submission for features such as formatting, spelling and grammar.
As a word class, pronouns (I/you/she) are unique in that they can be used in place of nouns to describe people, animals and objects.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Pronouns
The symbols which are used to show pauses, divisions or grammatical relations within a written text, such as a full stop (.), a comma (,), a semicolon (;) or a colon (:).
Related courses: Punctuation, Colons and Semicolons, Commas
Quantifier
In grammar, quantifiers (some/many/few) are a type of determiner that is used to specify the number or amount of a noun.
The precise or subtly modified words of one author used in another author's work, usually provided alongside citations and within quotation marks.
Related courses: Referencing, Citation Types, Quoting
A document provided by a module convenor or tutor which details the recommended sources that students should read to complete a course or module.
Related courses: Reading Skills, Reading Strategies
Reading Speed
The speed at which someone can read, usually measured by comparing the length of reading time with the number of words in order to determine words-per-minute.
Related courses: Reading Skills, Improving Reading Speed
The methods which are used to read more efficiently, such as skimming, scanning and reading for detail.
The act of challenging a particular aspect of an argument, usually indicated in the topic sentence of a body paragraph directly after a concession.
An element of a concluding paragraph in which the author provides solutions, future considerations and recommendations to the reader about the essay topic.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Concluding Paragraphs, Recommendations
A piece of text at the end of a piece of research that acknowledges a source being used as supporting information for that work, such as: Jones, R. (2020) Example reference. London: Publishers.
Related courses: Referencing, Referencing Features, References and Reference Lists
Reference Element
Elements such as Name of author, Year of publication and Source title which are used to build a referencing feature such as a citation, endnote or reference.
An alphabetical/chronological list of all the sources which are read and cited within a piece of research, placed at the back of that research with careful ordering and formatting.
Referencing Feature
The features which are used by writers to acknowledge sources within a piece of research, including citations, endnotes, footnotes, references and reference lists.
Referencing Software
A piece of software such as Zotero or Mendeley that helps students and researchers to manage and organise the referencing features included in their work.
Related courses: Referencing, Referencing Features, Referencing Management Software
Referencing Style
The elements, formatting and ordering rules which are required when following a particular style of referencing such as Harvard, Chicago, MLA or Oxford.
Related courses: Referencing, Referencing Features, Referencing Styles
Repeating Citation
A type of citation that identifies the repetition of a source within a text, showing that the information being cited is from the same source as in the previous citation.
Reporting Verb
The verbs which are used alongside integral citations to report or discuss another author's ideas or research, such as argue, claim or state.
Related courses: Vocabulary, Academic Language, Reporting Verbs
A physical or digital storage space for sources, such as in a library or online database.
Research Gap
An element of a concluding paragraph in which the author concedes to the limitations of their research and highlights to the reader the gaps for future investigations.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Concluding Paragraphs, Research Gaps
The detailed document which tutors use to evaluate an assessment, involving numerous criteria such as coherence and cohesion or delivery depending on the assessment type.
Related courses: Course Management, Building Rubrics
A financial grant given to students who are in financial difficulty or who excel at a subject, usually to complete a bachelor's, master's or doctorate degree.
Related courses: Applying for Scholarships, Bachelor's Degrees, Master's Degrees
The combination of search terms and Boolean operators which can be used to narrow or expand search results within a search engine in order to better find valuable sources.
Related courses: Research Skills, Sources and Search Terms
A word or phrase (commonly noun phrases) that is used to narrow or expand search results within a search engine in order to find valuable sources.
Secondary Citation
A type of citation in which the author of a piece of work wishes to cite a primary source that they have only read about in a secondary source, such as (Smith, 2010, cited in Jones, 2020).
A source that describes or discusses the unique research of another (primary) source but which does not necessarily detail any new research itself.
A type of punctuation mark (;) which is used to join two independent clauses or a list of phrases or words.
Sentence Fragment
An ungrammatical sentence which is usually formed when a single dependent clause has no adjoining independent clause to complete it, such as in Because I like English.
Related courses: Grammar Practice, Sentence Structures, Sentence Run-Ons and Fragments
Sentence Run-On
An ungrammatical sentence which is formed when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined together, such as I like English, I study it every day.
Similarity Checking Software
A computer programme such as Turnitin that helps students and tutors find instances of potential plagiarism by comparing the uploaded work with a large existing database.
Related courses: Referencing, Referencing Management Software, Turnitin and Test Your Text
Simple Sentence
A sentence which is made of only one independent clause, such as I study English.
Unlike a lecture, a seminar is traditionally when students and tutors participate together in class with discussions and various task-based activities.
Similar to a club, an academic society is a collection of like-minded people who work together to complete a goal, whether a sport, an activity or an intellectual pursuit.
Any text such as a book, interview or website that is used to add supporting information to an academic assignment or piece of academic research.
Related courses: Sources and Search Terms, Research Skills, Finding Academic Sources
Source Detail
The details of a source that are needed in order to correctly reference that source, such as the precise name of the author (Smith) or the precise year that source was printed (2019).
Source Synthesis
The use of summarising and paraphrasing techniques in order to include numerous sources within the same paragraph, such as to debate the same topic.
Related courses: Sources and Search Terms, Research Skills, Synthesising Sources
The type of source which may be used to provide supporting information in a pieces of academic research, such as a book, a journal article or a digital magazine article.
The gaps in a piece of text between words, sentences, paragraphs and visual data which are used to distinguish these items more clearly for the reader.
This is the writer's opinion about the essay topic, indicated first in the introduction but repeated in the topic sentences of the body section as well.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Introductory Paragraphs, Stance
A phrase function (like a complement or an object) in which a noun or noun phrase acts as the doer of the action of the verb, such as he in he studies.
Subject-Verb Agreement
In English grammar, agreement is shown between a subject and its verb, such as how I plays is incorrect but I play demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Subject-Verb Agreement
Subordinating Conjunction
A type of conjunction which is used to join subordinating clauses and phrases, such as however, because and while.
A type of affix such as –ment or –ed that attaches to the end of a word to change that word's meaning, word class or grammar such as in ship, shipment and shipped.
When one or more authors' ideas are abbreviated, paraphrased and synthesised in order to create a much shorter version of the original text.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Paraphrasing, Summarising
Summary of Ideas
An element of a concluding paragraph that summarises the main ideas presented in the body section of an essay, briefly detailing also the key findings of the investigation.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Concluding Paragraphs, Summary of Main Ideas
Summary-Transition Sentence
The final sentence of a body paragraph in which the writer summarises the main idea(s) of the paragraph or transitions from one main idea to another.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Body Paragraphs, Summary-Transition Sentences
Superlative
A language structure which indicates the absolute form of something, usually by adding -est to an adjective, such as fastest or smartest (she is the smartest person in the room).
Supporting Detail
The main section of a body paragraph in which the writer provides evidence, examples and explanation from sources in order to support the topic sentence.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Body Paragraphs, Supporting Details
The piece of a word which contains at least one consonant and one vowel, such as con- or -tains in contains.
When a word has a similar meaning to another word, such as how big and large are synonyms of each other (related to antonym).
Test Your Text
The student version of the Turnitin software which enables students to check their own assignments for possible instances of plagiarism by highlighting similarity with other authors' works.
Related courses: Referencing, Plagiarism Avoidance, Turnitin and Test Your Text
An extended academic essay of between 40,000 and 100,000 words, usually completed as the primary assessment of a doctorate degree (PhD).
Related courses: Essay Writing, Theses
Thesis Restatement
An element of a concluding paragraph that reminds the reader (in different words) of the introductory thesis statement and writer's stance.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Concluding Paragraphs, Thesis Restatements
An element of an introductory paragraph that provides the reader with the argumentative focus of the essay (the thesis) and an outline of the body sections' main ideas.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Introductory Paragraphs, Thesis Statements
The Test of English as a Foreign Language which is designed to measure the proficiency in English of non-native speakers.
Topic Sentence
An element of a body paragraph that reminds the reader of the essay topic and introduces the main idea(s) being discussed in that paragraph.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Body Paragraphs, Topic Sentences
A verb which can take one (monotransitive), two (ditransitive) or three (tritransitive) objects in a grammatical structure, as in give me the book.
A piece of software which is designed to check similarity between submitted research or assignments and a large database of uploaded sources in order to suggest instances of plagiarism.
An academic institution which typically accredits and awards bachelor's, master's and PhD qualifications.
A Uniform Resource Locator (also known as a web address) is used to identify an online resource such as a web page, uploaded file or digital image.
Related courses: Research Skills, Conducting Digital Searches
A class of words that demonstrate an action (kick), state (love) or occurrence (happen) and which can be conjugated to show tense, aspect and modality.
Verb Aspect
In English grammar, this is the expression of passages of time through the verb phrase in simple (study), continuous (studying) and perfect (have studied) forms.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Verb Aspect
Verb Modality
In English grammar, modality (ability, permission, future, etc.) is expressed on the verb phrase via hedging language and modal verbs such as may , will and could.
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Verb Modality
The expression of absolute time in an expression via the form of the main verb, which in English may be the present (study) or past (studied) (modality is used to show the future not tense).
Related courses: Word Types, Verb Functions, Verb Tense
Verb Transitivity
Whether or not a verb can take an object (transitive vs. intransitive), and how many objects that verb takes.
Visual Aid
Any visual tool which is used to enhance a performance or presentation, such as a poster, a handout, a PPT presentation or a whiteboard.
Related courses: Presentation Skills, Using Visual Aids
The final task of a PhD in which the doctorate student is required or orally defend their research in front of a panel of experts.
Related courses: Essay Writing, Theses, The PhD Viva
The specific words you have learned or are attempting to learn.
Related courses: Vocabulary, Academic Language
The author which communicates an idea or argument in a piece of work is said to have voice: this can be the writer's voice or the voices of external sources which provide supporting evidence.
Related courses: Writing Skills, Balancing Voices, Synthesising Sources
Vowel
The open-mouthed sounds within a word, usually represented by the graphemes a e i o u in the English language.
The amount of words permitted in an academic assessment and the record of that number at the end of an essay or assessment, often within a range of +/–10%.
Word Class
A method of identifying words depending on their placement in a sentence and their grammatical rules, such as nouns , adjectives or verbs.
Related courses: Words, Word Types, Word Forms
Word Family
A grouping of the same words which have different forms when in different classes, such as how inform, informative and information are in the same family.
Word Form
A description of the shape of a particular word, depending on its word class and whether it has any attached prefixes or suffixes.


The Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit, chaired by Rep. Spencer Bachus (R-Ala.), held a hearing late last week on the importance of the national uniform credit system to consumers and the U.S. economy.
Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions, Wayne Abernathy, testified that the Administration's goals included consumer access to credit and other financial services, and an interest in the security of their personal financial information, especially when it comes to uniform national standards and the fight against identity theft.
Recently, Financial Services Committee Chairman Mike Oxley (R-Ohio) and Ranking Member Barney Frank (D-Mass.) announced their intention to hold hearings and work together to develop bipartisan FCRA legislation.
Last week's hearing was the first of these hearings that will focus on the FCRA and the security of consumers' personal information. Oxley stated that FCRA is the committee's top legislative priority.


"Mainstream," or government-supporting "news" outlets are dying. Readers and viewers won't line up to listen to pro-government drivel.
In investigation after investigation, many "mainstream" news media sources have been found to be secretly subsidized by government officials and agencies.
Now there is further sad news for "Newsweek," the news magazine which formerly had hundreds of thousands of readers. See here.
Recently the management at Newsweek fired numerous editors and reporters. There are reports of severe financial instability.


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Home More News The Hogboon in words and pictures
The Hogboon in words and pictures
On Sunday 26 June we performed the world premiere of Sir Peter Maxwell Davies' last opera, The Hogboon, at the Barbican Centre. The concert also included a performance of Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique, with students from the Guildhall School of Music & Drama sitting side-by-side with the LSO.
The opera was commissioned for the LSO Discovery children's choirs, London Symphony Chorus, and students from Guildhall School alongside members of the London Symphony Orchestra, embodying the view of our Music Director Designate Sir Simon Rattle that classical music is for everyone.
Here is a round-up of the evening in pictures and words.
The cast of The Hogboon The cast of The Hogboon
Magnus, The Hogboon and The Cat Magnus, The Hogboon and The Cat
Mother (Katherine Broderick) and Magnus (Sebastian Exall) Mother (Katherine Broderick) and Magnus (Sebastian Exall)
Sebastian Exall as Magnus in The Hogboon Sebastian Exall as Magnus in The Hogboon
The London Symphony Chorus The London Symphony Chorus
Sir Simon Rattle, Magnus, Mother and The Hogboon Sir Simon Rattle, Magnus, Mother and The Hogboon
Peter Auty as The Earl of Orkney in The Hogboon Peter Auty as The Earl of Orkney in The Hogboon
The LSO Discovery Choir as Nuckleavee The LSO Discovery Choir as Nuckleavee
Sir Simon Rattle conducting the LSO Discovery Choir Sir Simon Rattle conducting the LSO Discovery Choir
Magnus's brothers, Mother and Magnus Magnus's brothers, Mother and Magnus
https://lso.co.uk/more/news/562-the-hogboon-in-words-and-pictures.html#sigProId85c9b48222
[View the story "Sir Peter Maxwell Davies: The Hogboon/Symphonie fantastique Guildhall School Side-by-Side" on Storify]
The Arts Desk, 27 June 2016
It's a measure of the man that his final work, The Hogboon, should fill a stage with hundreds of children, professional singers beside students and amateurs, a world-class orchestra – and Sir Simon Rattle; that it should be as rich and complex as it needed to be, with no concessions to its younger performers. Max lived out his belief that his art was genuinely to be made for everyone, and that children "must get their hands dirty in the music".
The Guardian, 27 June 2016
It was remarkable how Rattle and his diverse forces achieved near flawless ensemble, with extraordinary finesse to the string tone, exceptional energy in the brass and striking vitality from the woodwind.
Seen and Heard, 27 June 2016
It seems to me the very model of a community opera, offering a good story and good music both to amateurs, indeed to children, and to professionals; this was an opportunity and an experience many of those taking part are unlikely ever to forget. We need to do much more of this sort of thing, and who could set a better example than the LSO and Simon Rattle?
Financial Times, 27 June 2016
Rattle led a lively performance, directed for the stage by Karen Gillingham, with an able cast led by confident young Sebastian Exall as pint-sized hero Magnus.
Daily Telegraph, 27 June 2016
The music finds Maxwell Davies at his most inclusive and celebratory, but also satisfyingly weird and dissonant.
The Times, 27 June 2016
Worries that extra forces would lead to clogged textures were banished within moments; instead Rattle brought a lean, keen edge to music that's too often treated as a series of lurid postcards, and in doing so ratcheted up the tension to thrilling heights. In a word, fantastique.
Read full review (subscription required)
Evening Standard, 27 June 2016
Rattle completed the evening with Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, with the LSO augmented by players from the Guildhall School, beefing up the harp section to six, the double-basses to an even dozen. The result? A minimal loss of subtle detail, an exponential growth in raw and raucous energy.
Classical Source, 27 June 2016
This was a virtuosic, colourful and kaleidoscopic performance, which was thrilling. From a benign household spirit and a sea monster to a coven of hysterical witches, Simon Rattle here ran the gamut of orchestral effects to win a cheering ovation.
The Independent, 28 June 2016
Strikingly, the children's choruses portraying the fearsome Nuckleavee were no mere add-on texture but sat at the heart of the enterprise, and when everybody united at the end to sing "God bless you all. Goodbye", it felt like a very personal farewell.
Congratulations to the Music Academy of the West Keston MAX Fellows 2020
Obituary: Paul Marrion
Opportunities for Early Career Composers
Press release: Michael Tilson Thomas withdraws from all engagements from 17 June until 3 September
LSO Panufnik Scheme Commissions Announced
Press release: Sir Simon Rattle presents midsummer open air concert in Trafalgar Square
Press release: South American tour, May 2019
Obituary: André Previn (1929/30 – 2019)
Press release: London Symphony Orchestra 2019/20 season announced
First concept designs released for London Centre for Music project as next steps announced
Obituary: Sir Colin Davis (1927–2013)
Obituary: Maurice Murphy (1935–2010)
Sir Simon Rattle appointed Music Director
Obituary: Sir Neville Marriner (1924–2016)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


How can I become a more faithful disciple of Jesus? By including these habits into our daily routine. Use the suggestions below to deepen your walk with Christ.
Matthew 6:17-18, But when you fast, comb your hair and wash your face. Then no one will notice that you are fasting, except your Father, who knows what you do in private. And your Father, who sees everything, will reward you.
2 Peter 3:18, But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
Psalm 8:3-4, When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in place, what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
Deuteronomy 15:10, Give generously to them and do so without a grudging heart; then because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you put your hand to.
Matthew 5:8, Blessed are the pure in heart for they will see God.
Ecclesiastes 4:9-10, two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor If either of them falls down, one can help the other up. But pity anyone who falls and has no one to help them up.
Proverbs 11:3, The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them.
James 1:26, If anyone thinks he is religious and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this person's religion is worthless.
Proverbs 16:3, Commit your work to the Lord, and your plans will be established.
Philippians 4:12-13, I know how to be brought low, and I know how to abound. In any and every circumstance, I have learned the secret of facing plenty and hunger, abundance and need. I can do all things through him who strengthens me.
"Dear God, sometimes I just want to give up, or at least take a break from the pressures I face. These circumstances gang up against my faith and hope for a future. Yet, I know the secret, You are my secret for facing our future together. All things are possible in Your strength. I believe it. Amen.
Psalm 95:6, Oh come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the Lord, our Maker!
John 15:12-13, This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends.
Psalm 148:1, Praise the Lord! Praise the Lord from the heavens; praise him in the heights!
Philippians 2:7, But made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men.
2 Corinthians 1:12, For our boast is this, the testimony of our conscience, that we behaved in the world with simplicity and godly sincerity, not by earthly wisdom but by the grace of God, and supremely so toward you.
Ephesians 2:8, For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God.
Romans 12:1-2, I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship.
Ephesians 4:29, Do not use harmful words, but only helpful words, the kind that build up and provide what is needed, so that what you say will do good to those who hear you.
Matthew 6:31-33, Therefore do not be anxious, saying, 'What shall we eat?' or 'What shall we drink?' or 'What shall we wear?' For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all. But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.
Galatians 6:2, Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.
James 4:10, Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up.
1 Peter 3:15, Through thick and thin, keep your hearts at attention, in adoration before Christ, your Master. Be ready to speak up and tell anyone who asks why you're living the way you are, and always with the utmost courtesy.
Isaiah 1:17, Learn to do good. Seek justice. Help the oppressed. Defend the cause of orphans. Fight for the rights of widows.
Ecclesiastes 3:1, There's an opportune time to do things, a right time for everything on the earth.
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For more than 3 decades International Master Educator, Buntricia Bastian, has been making the world over, one face at a time. Unable to be described by just one word, this multi-talented makeup maven is a master educator, celebrity makeup artist, and hair stylist and is passionate about sharing her wisdom and experience with others. She has been an educator in the beauty industry for more than thirty years and is currently the corporate trainer for Sandals and Beaches Resorts & Spas worldwide. Buntricia has trained and taught tens of thousands of professionals and students both in the United States and abroad. She was the former director of The Arnold Padricks School of Cosmetology in Atlanta, Georgia and the Director of Education at Dudley Beauty College in Washington, DC.
A straight talker, Buntricia challenges students to be smart about their business and to know their worth, whether they're just starting out or are established professionals. Her vast work experience has afforded her many opportunities, including working at the White House, television and movie projects and for various magazines.
Want to contact me? Drop me a line or two below and i'll get right back to you!


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Case Study - Selfridges store-in-store, Birmingham, Manchester & London
Various brand concessions
£0.5-£1.5m
Programme duration
ISG has delivered concessions for Selfridges in their Manchester, Birmingham and London stores. The concessions we've delivered include MAC, Jo Malone, Armani, Bobbi Brown, LK Bennett, Hugo Boss, Gieves & Hawkes, Carphone Warehouse and Sketchers.
ISG has worked with Selfridges for a number of years and understands the importance of delivering high quality finishes and working in a live trading store. Knowledge of Selfridges and experience with store-in-store projects make ISG a natural choice.
High street case studies
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Home Retail Group, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
Descente, London, UK
Primark, UK
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In Temporary Structure
The Bonjour India Experience By Space Matters
The 'Bonjour India Experience' was the flagship initiative of the Bonjour India 2017-2018, a festival which celebrated Indo-French collaborations through more than 300 events spread over four months across 33 Indian cities. At the heart of the festival, the Bonjour India Experience pavilion was a one-of-its-kind travelling exhibition at the intersection of art, architecture, design and urbanism. The 9-meter-high, 800 square metre and 40 tonne installation travelled approx. 3500 kilometres from the iconic India Gate in Delhi to cross Maidan Garden behind the historic Churchgate Station Mumbai to become the star attraction of the world's largest book fair in Kolkata. It welcomed more than 180,000 visitors over a period of 30 odd days, spread over the three cities.
Architects: Space Matters
Status: Built
Project Description- An immersive travelling exhibition and pavilion highlighting Indo-French relations and collaboration across disciplines.
Client : Institut Français en Inde, The Embassy of France , India.
Project Brief: Curation – Research and Content Development, Curation
Design – Pavilion Design, Experience Design, Exhibition Design
Location: India Gate (New Delhi), Cross Maidan Garden (Mumbai), Salt Lake Central Park (Kolkata)
Project Year: travelling pavilion open to public for approximately 10days each in three cities between November to February in 2017-2018.
Indoor Exhibition Area: 4000 sq.ft.
Pavilion area: 8000 sq.ft.
Research: SpaceMatters and Institut Francais en Inde.
Curation: SpaceMatters and Institut Francais en Inde.
Design: SpaceMatters
Project Management : SpaceMatters
Executing Agency: RK Engineering (External Pavilion), Paras Art Studio (Exhibition), and
Shivam Video – Audio Visual Equipment.
Project Team SpaceMatters: Amritha Ballal ( Principal ) and Suditya Sinha ( Principal), Divya Manaktola ( Project Architect ) and Nishita Mohta (Project Architect) , Gaurav Gupta, Sony Joshua, Pulkit Mogha, Devansh Mahajan, Sandeep Singh Rathore, Girisha Sethi , Akhilesh Yadav, Kulvinder Singh (Structural consultant)Partners – Institut Francais en Inde, The French Embassy in Delhi, Alliance française de Delhi, Alliance française de Bombay, Alliance française du Bengale
Content-creation collaborators: Rajat Nanda, Achint Jain, Vivan Kamath, Moulshri Joshi, Hemant Kumar
Installation Collaborators: Ant Studio – Dynamic Signage Installation; Scenocosme -Rencontres Imaginaires Installation Art; Mosquito Massala – MandaLiterature, Tryptich Tales Video Installation Art; TaggLabs
Content partners: Agence Française de Développement, Air France, ATA Architects,
Archives SONUMA, Arianespace, Association des Amis de Lanza del Vasto, Atout France, Campus
France, Chanakya International, Château de Versailles, Consulat Général de France à Pondichéry,
Core Econ, DC Books, Diane de Selliers, Fata Morgana Editions, FIND Foundation, Fondation Le
Corbusier, Fondation Pierre Bergé – Musée Yves Saint Laurent Paris, Full Circle Publishing, Green
Books, La Fondation Louis Vicat, Lesage Interieurs, Malraux.org, Mapin Publishing, Musée Goupil
Bordeaux, Neemrana Music Foundation, Om Books, SNCF Group, the Raza Foundation, Institut Lumière, Gallimard, Institut français de Pondichéry, Niyogi Books, Rajpal & Sons, Seagull Books, Tata Central Archives, Thadagam Publishers, Vani Prakashan, Veolia, Warum Publishers, Young Zubaan,Dualist Inquiry, Chinese Man, Nirmal Sapera, Talab Khan Barna, Lucid Raaga, Talab Khan Barna , Ahmad Zahir, Viveick Rajagopalan & Naviin Gandharv
Photographs: Hemant Chawla, Achint Jain, Nishita Mohta, Suditya Sinha
Products : Asian Paints, Nilaya wallpaper, Phillips light, Losberger Tents, 3M reflective Film, Daikin Air Conditioners, Samsung Video Walls
The Pavilion was designed to be located in truly public urban spaces, although this called presented countless challenges, presented countless challenges, its interaction with the urban context became the defining characteristic, and was instrumental to its success. The design also had to balance the functional demands of a travelling pavilion with the stringent requirements of a sealed exhibition space, meanwhile creating a comfortable environment for the visitors. The pavilion had to be designed to be installed in a week and dismantled in three days in crowded public spaces, with the ease of travelling halfway across the country and adapting to new sites. To reconcile the mobile and temporal nature of the pavilion alongside the ambition to leave a memorable mark on the cities it travelled to, the pavilion had to create an iconic visual presence combined with a lightness of being. As an intervention in public space the pavilion is designed to integrate itself with the site conditions at each location. The metal members and mesh provide for varying gradations visual permeability, allowing the structure to weave into the urban surroundings, both emerging from and merging into the context.
Views of iconic monuments at each site, such as the India Gate in Delhi and the Churchgate Railway Terminus in Mumbai are framed within the layered silhouette of the structural contours and wire mesh. The thematic focus of the Bonjour India festival was 'Creativity, Innovation and Partnership' between India and France. Embodying these themes, the form of the pavilion evolved from the idea of confluence, with 6 curves rising together to embrace three pavilions that highlight various aspects of Indo-French creativity, innovation & partnership. The metal curves, arranged in a modular symmetry spiralling out from a central core, consisted of a rhythmic arrangement of staggered, self-supporting steel members draped with 20,000 square feet of hand-woven steel mesh. Combining the precision of cutting-edge engineering and unique expression of craft, the design pays homage to the ingenuity and abstraction that is the hallmark of both French and Indian architecture.
The visitor first enters the Creativity Gallery which is conceived as a Dadaist expression of a Parisian square, the blurring of spatial boundaries accentuated with trompe l'oeil imagery, multimedia and interactive installations. Here, the visitor encounters and interacts with narratives of Indo-French collaboration in the fields of literature, performing arts, cinema and fashion.
The Innovation gallery portrays the shrinking distances and expanding horizons of the bilateral relations, as the two countries collaborate in building sustainable cities and communities, preserve shared built and natural heritage. A large-scale augmented reality installation documents the timeline of these developments, allowing the visitor to literally see oneself as part of the shared history.
The concluding Partnership gallery invites the visitor to become a part of the story. Education, gastronomy, travel area a few of the aspects presented in this gallery through playful, digitally responsive interactive installations, engaging audiences of different ages and interests.
The heart of the pavilion is an immersive journey through the unfolding story of collaboration between the two countries across various fields. At various points in the exhibition, multimedia art installations help shift the visitor experience from information to abstraction, capturing the essence and energy of exchange between the two cultures. A five month long intensive research process generated a wealth of content relating to diverse fields – from literature, fashion, art, aviation, space, cinema, climate change, urbanism and gastronomy, to name only a few.
The Bonjour India Experience brought together extraordinary content and talent from both countries – creative, innovative and collaborative in its process and outcome. At the end of its journey, the exhibition played host to a multitude of visitors- from busloads of school children on their first ever trip to Delhi, to writers from France on their first trip to India, including ministers, picnicking families to strolling couples. In the visitor book, people often remarked at the pleasure of encountering the unexpected on an ordinary day, the joy of a whirlwind journey to a new culture on the way to the everyday commute to work, the discovery of new land and language, and the rediscovery of new aspects of our own shared history – reaffirming the power of space, carefully produced and generously accessible, to embrace and celebrate shared stories of two diverse nations.
Amritha Ballal
Amritha Ballal is an architect and urban planner, and a founding partner at Space Matters, a multidisciplinary, Delhi based design studio. The studio combines design projects with action-research initiatives that engage with emerging habitat challenges. These include developing one of the first Integrated Development Plans for an urban village in Delhi, mapping the spatiality of urban homelessness in Delhi, designing the memorial for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and working on the revival of traditional rural building crafts in Kumaon. Amritha teaches at the School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi and is the co-editor of the international publication 'Bhopal 2011-Landscapes of Memory' which explores themes of spatial memory through the case of the Union Carbide tragedy site in Bhopal. Amritha has been nominated for the Rolex Arts Foundation Mentor Protégé Initiative in 2014 and named in the annual international shortlist of emerging woman architects Architecture Journal, UK in 2013. She has collaborated on urban research projects with the School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal; Research Council of Norway, University of Tokyo and University of Gothenburg. Amritha's written works also include 'The city is our home' on urban homelessness. Her on-going research includes documentation and study of traditional wood carving techniques of Likhai in the Kumaon region of India.
Suditya Sinha
The core design management resource for SpaceMatters, his competence with the actual business of crafting built form and producing tangible and realistic solutions are key assets. Projects he has led at SpaceMatters have won multiple awards and citations, including Design Today, IAB Young Architects and ArchiDesign Awards. He represented Space Matters as a Director on board Team India Infrastructure Advisory (TII) – an Indo Japanese joint venture and sits on the managing committee of Brisk Infrastructure. Suditya has served as Design Studio-Director at School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi, and was instrumental in drafting the interim architectural curriculum for the newly established SPA Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
architectdesignindiaprojecturban
Town Enclosure By Carney Logan Burke Architects
República By Miró Rivera Architects & Ibarra Aragón Arquitectura
Informal Surgery | Dasthapati
White Square G54 exhibition center | Minggu Design
G. Smarakam – A Memorial for a Poet | Fahed + Architects


The AADC needs alumnae to help bring our vibrant event and program offerings to fruition. Please contact AADC Vice President for Alumnae Relations Debbie Lynch '79 for more information or questions. If you would like to volunteer to help at the Alumnae Center, please contact Lizethe Martinez at the AADC at lmartinez@douglassalumnae.org or (732) 246-1600.
Our AADC Smart Talks offers programs about topics of interest to our diverse alumnae as part of the suite of educational opportunities for alumnae at every stage of life, called the Women's Life-Long Learning Initiative, which also includes our Mabel's Alumnae Mentoring Program and the Victoria Dabrowski Schmidt '42 Workplace and Professional Development Symposium. While AADC Smart Talks are usually be hosted on-site in New Jersey, we also seek to utilize the expertise of alumnae in other locations and to live stream whenever possible. Click here to download PDF about how to submit a proposal for an AADC Smart Talk.
Committee members work with the Alumnae Reunion Weekend Planning Committee Chair and the Director of Alumnae Relations to share ideas and help organize and execute programs for classes with milestone reunion and all alumnae (usually the first Friday/Saturday of June each year). Meetings are held Sept-May on a monthly schedule. Members attend all or part of Alumnae Reunion Weekend to assist with alumnae questions and the setup and management of various programs and events.
This committee seeks nominations for and selects candidates for various AADC service awards including: the Margaret T. Corwin Award, Alumnae Recognition Award, Vanguard Service Award, Young Alumna Mabel Award and the AADC Medal. The slate is submitted to the AADC Board for approval. This committee also recommends nominees for the New Jersey Woman of Achievement Award. Members of this committee are encouraged to serve on the Founders Day Committee.
The Associate Alumnae of Douglass College continues the tradition of celebrating Founders Day each spring. The committee's main responsibilities are event promotion and logistical arrangements. The committee also plays an active role the day of the event, assisting with tasks such as welcoming and directing guests, and alumnae registration. The committee meets monthly, September – April.
Each year the AADC brings distinguished lecturers to campus for alumnae and friends. The Zagoren Lecture is held in the spring, and the L'Hommedieu Lecture is held in the fall. The committee's main responsibilities are event promotion and logistical arrangements. The committee also plays an active role the day of the event, assisting with tasks such as welcoming and directing guests, and alumnae registration.
Committee members have a background in writing, editing, public relations, and/or Web design. They work with the AADC Director of Communications and the Vice President of Communications and Marketing on the AADC Board of Directors to review AADC publications, websites and social media and to develop ideas and ways to enhance communication.
Committee members organize and select materials from the AADC's collection of memorabilia. Members create exhibits of memorabilia for various alumnae events. The Committee also selects items for permanent display at the Ruth Schilling Hennessy Alumnae Center.
Get involved with our Planning Committee for the Symposium, which takes place on campus in the fall. Please email us at aadc.careersymposium@gmail.com.


The Alquezar concrete batching plants are characterised by their versatility, meaning that a different solution can be adopted according to each customer's needs.
Thanks to their customised design, our concrete batching plants cover a wide production range, from 50 m3/h to 500 m3/h of ready mix concrete, dosed concrete or gravel-cement.
Alquezar has a different solution for each operation need and it places versions of fixed, mobile and modular plants at the customer's disposal.
Top quality means and components are used in the manufacturing process in order to offer turnkey projects that will provide the customer with maximum profitability and durability.
Our plants incorporate the latest technology, making concrete production simpler, with automated solutions to prepare any type of concrete.


FH - Can I go swimming with my watch?
The water-resistance of a watch is measured by its ability to resist the penetration of water.
Water-resistance tests cover different pressures applied for different periods of time. Diver's watches for example are designed to withstand the exceptional pressures encountered in deep water.
Water-resistance is most commonly indicated in metres (m) or in bar, the latter unit corresponding to the pressure at a depth of 10 metres. Watches marked "Water Resistant", with or without additional indications, must comply with the Swiss standard NIHS 92-20, which is equivalent to the standard ISO 22810. These standards establish specifications for watches capable of withstanding immersion in water and any form of aquatic environment. The notion of immersion determines a depth at which protection against the ingress of water is guaranteed. However, whether or not there is an additional indication of high pressure, such watches are not intended for deep sea diving.
So-called diver's watches are wristwatches which are able to withstand water pressure at a depth of at least 100 metres (330 ft), have a time-monitoring system, and meet all additional criteria specified by the watchmaking standard NIHS 92-11 (ISO 6425): luminosity, shock-resistance, anti-magnetic properties and robustness of the bracelet.
Since manufacturers are obliged to provide instructions for use and detailed warranty conditions, make sure you obtain all necessary information from your reseller. Bear in mind also that only a professional is capable of correctly replacing the battery of your watch without impairing its water-resistance.


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Best of 2015: Holly's Picks
WDL's Memphis. Photo: Kristen Romero
2015 was another great year for Delaware theater, with big changes (The DuPont Theatre was sold by the DuPont Co. to The Grand in January, and Delaware Theatre Company began actually developing shows for Broadway for the first time) and big excitement -- I don't think I went to a single show in '15 without a full audience. I might even go so far as to say that Delaware is in the middle of a theater Renaissance, from Community theater on up.
I get get to catch every show of 2015 -- I don't cover Delaware Theatre Company for Stage anymore, so I've missed a few highly praised productions -- but I did catch a lot of great productions. Here are my top picks:
Best Drama: Nora, Delaware Theatre Company -- One of the DTC shows I did catch was Nora, based on Ingmar Bergman's A Doll's House, a gripping story of a Victorian-era woman learning to assert her independence. It's productions like this that are are putting Wilmington on the map.
Best non-musical comedy: Steel Magnolias, The Candlelight Theatre -- TCT is known for high-quality musicals, so it was a surprise that my favorite of their '15 season was their non-musical production of Steel Magnolias, a comic drama with an all-woman cast.
Best Shakespearian: Love's Labour's Lost, City Theater Company -- CTC had two big shows in 2015, and while "American Idiot" got more hype, "Love's Labour's Lost" was the real winner for me. With an immersive stage setup and a rock soundtrack, this was not a typical production of Shakespeare by any stretch, but it was the most successful non-traditional production I've seen yet.
Best Summer Production: Evil Dead The Musical, Bootless Stageworks -- Bootless' Summer Splatter Series is a Wilmington tradition, and a highlight of the summer. They've done Evil Dead before, but this year it was at their new location at St. Stephen's Church on Broom Street, and showed that Ryan P.J. Mulholland may have been born to play Ash.
Best Family Show/Most Fun: Shrek The Musical, Wilmington Drama League -- With a huge all-ages cast retelling the uplifting story of triumphant misfitittery, Shrek was way more fun than I expected it to be.
Best Touring Show: Camelot, The Playhouse -- Despite rumors that The Playhouse would no longer focus on Broadway touring shows, the 15-16 season is packed with big Broadway shows. My favorite of 2015 was Camelot - the updated version of the classic musical had some of the most stunning visuals of the year.
Best Show Overall: Memphis, Wilmington Drama League -- WDL stepped their game up to a whole new level with Memphis, the Broadway musical about the birth of rock 'n roll. Everything hit the right note: the diverse cast was amazing, the sets were atmospheric, the story was a lesson in American history as well as a lesson in the roots of rock music. Truly a Community production that was up there with the professional theaters.
Holly Quinn


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Justia Dockets & Filings Fifth Circuit Mississippi Northern District Sweatt v. United States Filing 17
Sweatt v. United States
MEMORANDUM OPINION as to 7 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Magistrate Judge Roy Percy on 8/7/17. (cs)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI OXFORD DIVISION ROGER HERMAN SWEATT PLAINTIFF v. CIVIL ACTION NO. 3:17-CV-33-RP UNITED STATES DEFENDANT MEMORANDUM OPINION Defendant United States of America has moved to dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Docket 7. After due consideration, the Court is ready to rule. Facts Plaintiff Roger Herman Sweatt ("Plaintiff") filed his Complaint against the United States of America on February 15, 2017. Docket 1. Plaintiff's Complaint seeks damages for personal injury and medical malpractice that allegedly occurred during cataract surgery on his right eye at the Jamaica Plain campus of the Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System on March 13, 2012. Id. at 4. Plaintiff states that on the day after the procedure the physician who performed the surgery observed "a large accumulation of blood in the back of [his] right eye" and informed Plaintiff that "an instrument went into the eye too far piercing the back of your eye." Id. at 5. According to Plaintiff, he was told that a physician "on a learning fellowship rotation" inserted a needle in his eye to administer the numbing agent and "went too deep and at the wrong angle," puncturing his retina and causing it to separate. Id. Plaintiff states that he underwent subsequent surgeries to remove the bloody hemorrhage, re-attach his retina, and place a silicone bubble in his eye to hold the retina in place. Id. Plaintiff states that a few weeks after the surgery, another procedure was performed to "repair holes in [his] retina caused by the needle going in at the wrong angle and too far." Id. According to Plaintiff, he was later treated by a retina specialist at the University of Tennessee who informed Plaintiff that he was legally blind and referred him to a low vision clinic. Id. at 6. A physician at the VA eye clinic in Memphis, Tennessee allegedly told Plaintiff that his "right eye was badly bruised with a sub-retinal hemorrhage, and retina scar, corrodial [sic] fusion with a medina" and that his vision could not be improved. Id. Plaintiff alleges that as a result of these injuries and because his vision is so poor, he was forced to close his family real estate business and move from Vermont to Mississippi. Id. at 6. He requires the use of a cane, cannot drive, and can no longer assist with household duties. Id. Plaintiff claims that he experiences severe headaches around and above his eyes and is seeking $2.5 million in money damages as well as future medical care at no cost from the VA Health Care System. Id. at 7. Plaintiff submitted letter from the Office of General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs dated August 24, 2016, as an exhibit to his Complaint. Docket 1-1. The letter explains that Plaintiff's tort claim was initially denied on April 21, 2016, and again on reconsideration on August 24, 2016, because his claims are time-barred. Id. The August 24, 2016 denial letter states in relevant part: As you were previously advised, the FTCA provides that a claim must be filed within two years of its accrual…. Our review found that your allegations were regarding matters that arose two years or more prior to August 6, 2015, which was the date you filed your tort claim. Thus your claim is time-barred, and is denied on that basis. Id.1 1 Plaintiff misconstrues the August 24, 2016, denial letter as authorizing this action. Docket 15, 16. The letter states in relevant part: Procedural History On May 12, 2017, the United States moved to dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) alleging that Plaintiff's Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.2 Docket 7. In its accompanying memorandum, the United States asserts that Plaintiff's claim is barred by the two-year statute of limitations contained in the 28 U.S.C. §2401(b). Docket 8. Defendant states that under the Federal Tort Claims Act, a claim must first be presented to the appropriate federal agency within two years after the accrual of the claim and that Plaintiff's failure to timely submit his claim to the Department of Veterans Affairs warrants dismissal of this action. Id. at 4 (citing 28 U.S.C. §2401(b)). Plaintiff responded to the Motion to Dismiss with two submissions dated June 26, 2017 and June 29, 2017. Docket 11, 12. The United States filed its reply on July 6, 2017, and Plaintiff has since submitted two letters to the Court, dated July 17, 2017 and August 2, 2017, setting forth his arguments in support of equitable tolling of the two-year statute of limitations. Docket 15, 16. Because pro se pleadings are to be judged with a "liberality unnecessary for those drafted by skilled counsel," the Court will consider all of Plaintiff's submissions as all are relevant to the allegations set forth in his Complaint and the grounds on which the United States seeks dismissal. Campbell v. Beto, 460 F.2d 765, 769 (5th Cir. 1972). This denial is the last action we will take on this tort claim. If you wish to pursue your claim further, you may file suit in Federal district court within six months from the date at the top of this letter. 28 U.S.C. §2401(b). Docket 1-1. This statement does not validate the timeliness of Plaintiff's Complaint, but instead merely recites the statute's instruction on seeking further relief once the federal agency has denied a tort claim. 2 The undersigned stayed discovery in this case on May 16, 2017, in light of Defendant's Motion to Dismiss on the basis that the limitation periods outlined in 28 U.S.C. §2401(b) were jurisdictional. Docket 9. However, the ruling in United States v. Kwai Fun Wong established that the two-year statute of limitations is not a jurisdictional requirement; therefore, an automatic stay under Local Uniform Civil Rule 16(b)(3)(B) was not required. United States v. Kwai Fun Wong, 135 S. Ct. 1625 (2015). The Court finds that a stay was appropriate nonetheless in light of the statute of limitations defense. Standard of Review In ruling on a motion to dismiss, "[t]he court accepts all well-pleaded facts as true, viewing them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff." In re Katrina Canal Breaches, 495 F.3d 191, 205 (5th Cir.2007) (internal quotations and citations omitted). In order to survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, "the plaintiff must plead 'enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Id. (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). "'Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level, on the assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true (even if doubtful in fact).'" Id. (quoting Bell, 127 S.Ct. at 1965). When the issue is a statute of limitations defense, the Court may order dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) "where it is evident from the plaintiff's pleadings that the action is barred and the pleadings fail to raise some basis for tolling or the like." Jones v. Alcoa, 339 F.3d 359, 366 (5th Cir.2003); see also Kansa Reinsurance Co., Ltd. v. Congressional Mortgage Corp. of Texas, 20 F.3d 1362, 1366–70 (5th Cir.1994) (dismissing claim as time barred under Rule 12(b)(6) where claim was filed after the applicable statute of limitations had run and the pleadings showed that plaintiff was not entitled to benefit of the discovery rule). In ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the Court generally may not look beyond the pleadings. Cinel v. Connick, 15 F.3d 1338, 1341 (5th Cir. 1994). However, matters of public record and matters of which the Court may take judicial notice as well as documents attached to the complaint are exceptions. Id. at 1343 n.6; Lovelace v. Software Spectrum, Inc., 78 F.3d 1015, 1017 (5th Cir. 1996). Further, "[d]ocuments that a defendant attaches to a motion to dismiss are considered part of the pleadings if they are referred to in the plaintiff's complaint and are central to [the] claim." Causey v. Sewell Cadillac-Chevrolet, Inc., 394 F.3d 285, 288 (5th Cir. 2001). Discussion 1. Sovereign Immunity and the Federal Tort Claims Act The United States, as a sovereign, is immune from suit unless it consents to be sued. United States v. Mitchell, 445 U.S. 535, 538 (1980). Thus, the terms of the United States' consent to be sued in any court define that court's jurisdiction to entertain the suit. United States v. Testan, 424 U.S. 392, 399 (1976). As a result, consent "cannot be implied but must be unequivocally expressed." Mitchell, 445 U.S. at 538. Accordingly, statutes purporting to waive the United States' sovereign immunity are strictly construed. See id. The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) waives the United States' sovereign immunity with regard to various types of tort claims, including claims for personal injuries allegedly caused by the negligence of federal employees acting within the scope of their employment. See United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 117 (1979). The FTCA, however, attaches conditions to the waiver. One of those conditions is contained in 28 U.S.C. § 2679(b)(1), which provides that the FTCA is a plaintiff's exclusive remedy in cases of this type: The remedy against the United States provided by [the Federal Tort Claims Act]... for personal injury... arising or resulting from the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the Government while acting within the scope of his office or employment is exclusive of any other civil action... against the employee. Any other civil action or proceeding for money damages arising out of or relating to the same subject matter against the employee... is precluded without regard to when the act or omission occurred. 28 U.S.C. § 2679(b)(1). Another condition Congress has placed on the United States' waiver of sovereign immunity is the exhaustion requirement contained in 28 U.S.C. §2675(a) which provides that: An action shall not be instituted upon a claim against the United States for money damages for injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the Government while acting within the scope of his office or employment, unless the claimant shall have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency and his claim shall have been finally denied by the agency in writing…. 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a). Finally, a plaintiff has two years after his claim accrues to present his tort claim in writing to the appropriate Federal agency, as stated in 28 U.S.C. §2401(b): A tort claim against the United States shall be forever barred unless it is presented in writing to the appropriate Federal agency within two years after such claim accrues or unless action is begun within six months after the date of mailing, by certified or registered mail, of notice of final denial of the claim by the agency to which it was presented. 28 U.S.C. §2401(b). In short, a plaintiff is required to file an administrative claim within two years and then file suit within six months of its denial. Houston v. U.S. Postal Serv., 823 F.2d 896, 902 (5th Cir. 1987). A plaintiff's claim for medical malpractice generally accrues when he has discovered both the existence of his injury and its cause. United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 120 (1979); see also, Ware v. United States, 626 F.2d 1278, 1284 (5th Cir. 1980) (stating federal law determines when claim accrues within meaning of §2401(b)). However, there is an important caveat to this limitations period. The Supreme Court recently held that the FTCA's two-year statute of limitations "is not a jurisdictional requirement" and, under certain circumstances, a court can toll these limitations on equitable grounds. United States v. Kwai Fun Wong, 135 S. Ct. 1625, 1633 (2015). Equitable tolling preserves a plaintiff's claim when strict application of the statute of limitations would be inequitable. Trinity Marine Products, Inc. v. U.S., 812 F.3d 488-89 (5th Cir. 2016). The plaintiff bears the burden of justifying equitable tolling; however, it "is not intended for those who sleep on their rights." Id. at 489 (quoting Covey v. Ark River Co., 865 F.2d 660, 662 (5th Cir. 1989)). 2. 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b) In the present case, the United States asserts that Plaintiff failed to submit his tort claim for the alleged injuries within the two-year statute of limitations prescribed by 28 U.S.C. §2401(b), and therefore, his claim must be dismissed. Docket 8. In support of the its Motion to Dismiss, the United States submitted Plaintiff's tort claim—dated July 30, 2015 and marked received by the Department of Veterans Affairs on August 6, 2015—as evidence of Plaintiff's failure to comply with the limitations period set forth in 28 U.S.C. §2401(b). Docket 7-1. Although submitted by the Defendant, the Court will consider the original tort claim as within the pleadings as it is central to Plaintiff's claim and is referenced in the August 24, 2016 denial letter from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs that is an exhibit to Plaintiff's Complaint. Docket 1-1; see Causey v. Sewell Cadillac-Chevrolet, Inc., 394 F.3d 285, 288 (5th Cir. 2001). The United States points to Plaintiff's allegation he was advised that an instrument went into his eye too far piercing the back of his eye (Docket 1 at 5) as proof that Plaintiff "knew of both the injuries of which he complains and the alleged cause thereof on March 14, 2012." Docket 8 at 4. Therefore, the United States urges, Plaintiff's claim accrued on March 14, 2012, and Plaintiff failed to present his tort claim to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs within two years from that date. Id. In response to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, Plaintiff argues that "[t]here is no time limit on a V.A. claim, so why should or would there be on a Tort claim or Federal Court claim? Besides this is a Federal Court Claim, not a Tort Claim." Id. First, Plaintiff's claims for "Personal Injury – Medical Malpractice" against the United States of America fall under the exclusive purview of the Federal Tort Claims Act as set forth in 28 U.S.C. §2679(b)(1). See Docket 1-2 (Civil Cover Sheet). Second, the Court finds that Plaintiff's claim accrued on March 14, 2012. Based on Plaintiff's own representations, he was made aware of his injury and its probable cause the day after the procedure was performed when Dr. Desai "noticed a large accumulation of blood in the back of [his] right eye" and told him "an instrument went into the eye too far piercing the back of your eye."3 Docket 1 at 5. Plaintiff does not deny that he did not present his tort claim to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs until August 6, 2015, more than two years after discovering the fact of his injury and its cause. The Court finds that Plaintiff failed to notify the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs within two years after the claim accrued. 3. Equitable Tolling of the FTCA's Two Year Statute of Limitations "Federal courts have typically extended equitable relief only sparingly." Bryant v. United States, 96 F. Supp. 2d 552, 555 (N.D. Miss. 2000). The Supreme Court has held that: We have allowed equitable tolling in situations where the claimant has actively pursued his judicial remedies by filing a defective pleading during the statutory period, or where the complainant has been induced or tricked by his adversary's misconduct into allowing the filing deadline to pass. We have generally been much less forgiving where the claimant failed to exercise due diligence in preserving his legal rights.... [Moreover,] the principles of equitable tolling described above do not extend to... garden variety claim[s] of excusable neglect. Id. (quoting Irwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89, 96 (1990)). Regarding the FTCA specifically, the Fifth Circuit has held that the statute of limitations may be equitably tolled in cases "where the principles of equitable tolling would ordinarily apply" and where the 3 Plaintiff's pleadings assert various dates, all around May 14, 2012, on which he discovered his injury and its cause. He states that he "was aware of this surgery gone wrong on Monday, March 17th, 2012." Docket 15 at 1. The initial tort claim submission lists "03-21-12" as the "Date and Day of Accident," while the attached statement claims that on March 14, 2012, he was told "an instrument went into the eye too far piercing the back of your eye." Under each of these dates, Plaintiff's claim remains squarely outside the two-year statute of limitations. plaintiff has "actively pursued judicial remedies ... [and] exercised due diligence." Id. (quoting Perez v. United States, 167 F.3d 913, 917 (5th Cir.1999)). Plaintiff offers what he labels a "cultural defense," stating "the culture of the veteran is one of innocence to the 100's and 1,000's of rules and regulations of the Veterans Affairs System […and are] unaware of the time line [sic] in reporting and seeking compensation from a wrongful surgery or mishap. Docket 11 at 3. It is well settled that, standing alone, mere ignorance of the law is not an excuse against its enforcement. Utermehle v. Norment, 197 U.S. 40, 55 (1905).While there are instances in which ignorance of the law coupled with "fraudulent conduct on the part of others, or mistakes of fact relating thereto" may be regarded as a defense, "there ought to be no negligence in attempting to discover the facts." Id. at 55-56. Plaintiff's failure to "actively pursue [] judicial remedies … [and] exercise[] due diligence" in order to discover the timeline for "reporting and seeking compensation" does not warrant any tolling of the statute of limitations. Plaintiff further claims that he has been in "continuing treatment" for the injury alleged and submits an article detailing Massachusetts' "continuing treatment" exception to the statute of limitations in medical malpractice cases. Docket 15 at 1, 3. Because federal law determines when a claim accrues under the FTCA, Massachusetts state law has no bearing on the timeliness of Plaintiff's Complaint. See Ware v. U.S., 626 F.3d at 1284. While some courts have recognized the continuing treatment doctrine as a basis for tolling the statute of limitations4, a number of courts have refused to toll the limitations period 4 "Where there has been a course of continuous medical treatment, a claim may not accrue until the end of that course of treatment, if the treatment has been for the same illness or injury out of which the claim for medical malpractice arose." Otto v. Nat'l Inst. of Health, 815 F.2d 985, 988 (4th Cir. 1987) (citing Page v. United States, 729 F.2d 818, 823 n. 36 (D.C.Cir.1984); Kossick v. United States, 330 F.2d 933, 936 (2d Cir. 1964)). when a person has knowledge of the negligent cause of his injury.5 Although continuing treatment is not among the circumstances in which the Fifth Circuit has applied equitable tolling, the Fifth Circuit is instructive regarding the applicability of equitable tolling where a plaintiff has knowledge of the cause of his injury. "The limitations period may be tolled by proving two elements: first, that the defendants concealed the conduct complained of, and second, that the plaintiff failed, despite the exercise of due diligence on his part, to discover the facts that form the basis of his claim." Trinity Marine Prod., Inc. v. United States, 812 F.3d 481, 489 (5th Cir. 2016) (internal citation omitted). Plaintiff repeatedly states that he was aware of his injury and its cause as early as March 14, 2012. Plaintiff does not claim that the United States concealed the cause of his injury, but rather claims that Dr. Desai was forthright in informing Plaintiff regarding the exact cause of his injury. Plaintiff had knowledge of the facts that form the basis of his claim yet failed to actively pursue judicial remedies and exercise due diligence. The Court does not mean to minimize the harm Plaintiff alleges was done to him. However, "Congress has determined that two years is a reasonable time for a plaintiff armed with the facts about the harm done to him ... [to] protect himself by seeking advice in the medical and legal community." Kubrick, 444 U.S. at 123. "[W]e are not free to construe [the statute of limitations] so as to defeat its obvious purpose, which is to encourage the prompt presentation of claims." Id. at 117. Finding no basis upon which to equitably toll the two-year statute of limitations for submitting a tort claim to the appropriate Federal agency, the Court will dismiss Plaintiff's 5 Tyminski v. United States, 481 F.2d 257, 264 (3rd Cir. 1973) ("[the] rationale for the rule has no merit when a person knows of the acts constituting negligence"); Ashley v. United States, 413 F.2d 490, 493 (9th Cir. 1969) (continuous-treatment doctrine not available to toll statute of limitations in medical malpractice action brought under Federal Tort Claims Act where plaintiff knows of the acts constituting negligence); Reilly v. United States, 513 F.2d 147, 150 (8th Cir. 1975) ("the rule does not apply when the claimant is aware of the acts constituting negligence"). Complaint due to his failure to exhaust his FTCA administrative remedies within the congressionally mandated limitations period. A separate order in accordance with this opinion shall issue this day. This the 7th day of August, 2017. /s/ Roy Percy UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE


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RUMINATION GARDEN (RG)–A DIGITAL INITIATIVE
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The Kaleidoscope Project
REBECCA NICHLOSON
TKP Minnesota
The Kaleidoscope Project (Minnesota), developed by creative writer/interdisciplinary artist Rebecca Nichloson, engages creative writers from historically marginalized communities (i.e. BIPOC, LGBTQ, Immigrants, Women, and other disenfranchised groups) in immersive virtual workshops centered on building solidarity and empathy between different communities across the state. The methodology utilizes a human-centered design approach to foster a deeper understanding of the challenges each community faces and generates social justice/social equity-informed creative writing that supports community-engagement and social change.
TKP workshops have local, national and international cohorts. TKP (Minnesota) seeks to build bridges of intercultural and inter-community understanding that facilitates a more equitable and connected state. Each workshop provides opportunities for participants to engage in deep listening and reflection on social challenges specific to their community and experiences, and results in dynamic, compelling creative writing (i.e. poetry, flash fiction, prose, and other forms of storytelling) that serve a social function. Public readings of the creative writing pieces that emerge from this process will be made available throughout 2021.
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McKnight Fellowship Honorable Mention (2020), Cedar Cultural Center Commission (2019), Lake Street Story Circles Project (2020), NBC Universal's UCP Pitchfest 2017 (Alternate), Liberace Award, Matthew's Fellowship, and Howard Stein Fellowship. DRA Fellowship from Columbia University School of the Arts. Sesame Street Writers' Room (Fellowship) 2017, America-In-Play Fellowship. 2015 finalist for the Atlantic Media Editorial Fellowship. Winner of the 2013 Jane Chambers Award for "Hello, I'm Eve" (a two-act episodic play). Recipient of two Many Voices Playwriting Fellowships (Minneapolis Playwrights Center) 2008-2009.


UN Secretary General has appointed the former US Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security as his special advisor for relocation of Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK, a.k.a. MKO and NCRI) members held in Camp Liberty in Iraq.
According to Habilian Association, Jane Holl Lute's appointment came after two years of quite fruitless painstaking efforts of the UN's refugee agency and UN Assistance Mission for Iraq for the resettlement of MKO members in third countries.
"Holl Lute will work with a wide range of stakeholders, in particular Member States, to assist in relocating the camp residents," reads a statement from Mr. Ban's spokesperson, adding that she will also collaborate with Nickolay Mladenov, UN representative in Iraq.
Earlier last week, UNHCR said 1,400 MKO members in Iraq are ready for relocation to third countries.
MKO is the same terrorist group which has so far killed a number of Americans during the 1970s as part of their struggle against imperialism. They have also assassinated some 12,000 Iranian civilians during the early years of Islamic Revolution.