text:
billpocket
==========

Billpocket Develop Enviroment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Unless otherwise noted, all scriptures taken from the New American Standard Bible, © Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1988. Used by permission.
2nd Revised Edition, © 1992 by Timothy Oliver.
3rd Revised Edition, © 2004 by Timothy Oliver.


text:
Marmor bezeichnet:

 Marmor, im petrographischen Sinne verschiedene metamorphe Carbonatgesteine

Marmor ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Johann Marmor (1804–1879), deutscher Arzt und Historiker
 Johann Heinrich Marmor (1681–1741), hessischer Pietist und Archivar
 Judd Marmor (1910–2003), amerikanischer Psychiater
 Kristian Marmor (* 1987), estnischer Fußballspieler
 Lutz Marmor (* 1954), deutscher Intendant des NDR
 Theodore R. Marmor (* 1939), amerikanischer Rechts- und Medizinsoziologe und Hochschullehrer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Have you ever seen a concrete home? Chances are, you have – possibly without realizing it. In fact, concrete homes now account for nearly 15-25% of all new homes built. Builders and homeowners can design concrete homes to look just like traditional wood-frame homes, but with the added benefits of a more durable material and other great advantages.
Homes built with insulated concrete walls reduce both heat and noise penetration from the outside. The barrier formed by insulated concrete forms cuts the amount of outside air from entering the home by up to 75%, creating more even temperatures, fewer drafts, and less smog seepage. Compared to traditional wood frame houses, the weight and mass of concrete also naturally reduces the amount of external sound from entering the home by up to two-thirds.
As opposed to concrete homes, traditional wood frame houses provide plenty of food sources for termites and carpenter ants, and allow space for rodents and other creatures to reside in the walls. In addition, wood homes are more susceptible to mold and rot.
The durability of concrete is unmatched by most traditional building materials. In fact, FEMA encourages builders to utilize insulated concrete forms in the construction of tornado shelters. Concrete homes have withstood fires, rains, floods, earthquakes, and hurricane-force winds (up to 250 MPH) with minimal or no structural damage.
Because of its durable nature, homes built with concrete forms often cost less to insure. Many insurance companies offer lower premiums for fire-resistant concrete homes.
By nature, concrete provides a good alternative to other building materials that may allow airborne solvents and other residues to enter the home. Concrete has a low volatile organic compound emittance (VOC), so it does not degrade indoor air quality, meaning a higher quality environment for homeowners and their families.
Many homeowners shy away from the investment of concrete homes due to initial cost. However, concrete built homes may actually prove to be a greater return in the long run. Concrete walls are solid and airtight and act as a shield between the interior and exterior of the home, disallowing air from escaping or entering. Therefore, homes built with insulated concrete require roughly 45% less energy to heat and 30% less energy to cool than traditional wood frame houses. This reduction in air transfer means more energy savings for the homeowner compared to that of wood or steel homes.
Because of its ability to mitigate energy transfer between the home's interior and exterior, concrete walls are considered more eco-friendly than other building materials that may require the use of more energy to keep a home at a consistent warm or cool temperature. Concrete is also made with a combination of recycled and natural products that produces less waste.
For more information about concrete homes in the Albany, Schenectady, Poughkeepsie, Saratoga Springs NY or Pittsfield MA areas, contact Bonded Concrete.


text:
Smith College Special Collections
outlines (documents) (5)
magazines (periodicals) (1)
radio programs (1)
Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945 (6)
Japanese Americans (6)
Legal status, laws, etc. (6)
Detention of persons (5)
Christian leadership (1)
Japanese American college students (1)
Job analysis (1)
Social aspects (1)
Societies and clubs (1)
Crystal City, Zavala, Texas, United States (1)
Heart Mountain, Park, Wyoming, United States (1)
Midwest, United States (1)
Millard, Utah, United States (1)
Minidoka, Minidoka, Idaho, United States (1)
Student Geneva region
Documents concerning the student program in the Geneva region (Midwest) of the YWCA of the U.S.A. Regional staff, councils and committees are an intermediary leadership and communication channel between the national organization and local associations. Minutes and reports of the regional council include project updates, conference plans, discussion of regional and local needs and interpretation of the national emphases to the local level. Regional council meetings may include National Student YMCA regional council as well. In order to maintain a connection with local student associations and offer support, regional staff make local visits offering support and reporting on their visits. Staff work plans outline the staff member's expected activities and goals. Additional documents include program objectives, association directories and related correspondence.
minutes (administrative records), proceedings, reports, minutes (administrative records), notes, directories, correspondence
Documents concerning internment centers for Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II including the organization and activities of YWCA associations within the detention centers, YWCA of the U.S.A. associations assisting work in the centers, living conditions, the needs of the interned people and assessments of the overall situation at each center. Centers documented include Topaz, Utah and Tule Lake, Newell, California. Also included are issues of camp magazines, newsletters and bulletins from the internment camps.
correspondence, proceedings, reports, directories, notes, outlines (documents), newsletters, bulletins, magazines (periodicals)
Minutes, reports and correspondence concerning internment centers for Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II. Documents concern organization and activities of YWCA associations within the detention centers, YWCA of the U.S.A. associations assisting work in the centers, living conditions, the needs of the interned people and assessments of the overall situation at each center. Documents are grouped by the following locations: Crystal City, Texas, Gila River, Arizona, and Granada, Amache, Colorado.
correspondence, proceedings, reports, minutes (administrative records), programs (documents), directories
Documents concerning internment centers for Japanese Americans including the organization and activities of YWCA associations within the detention centers, YWCA of the U.S.A. associations assisting work in the centers, living conditions, the needs of the interned people and assessments of the overall situation at each center. Documents are grouped by the following locations: Heart Mountain, Wyoming, Jerome, Arkansas, and Manzanar, California.
correspondence, proceedings, reports, directories, notes, outlines (documents)
Documents concerning internment centers for Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II including the organization and activities of YWCA associations within the detention centers, YWCA of the U.S.A. associations assisting work in the centers, living conditions, the needs of the interned people and assessments of the overall situation at each center. Documents are grouped by the following locations: Minidoka, Idaho, Poston, Arizona, and Rohwer, McGehee, Arizona.
Documents concerning the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II and the YWCA of the U.S.A.'s work with Japanese Americans. Internees are invited as delegates to YWCA of the U.S.A. conferences and record their experiences. Delegate reports include narrative accounts of their experiences and summaries of the conferences proceedings. Also included are records of attendees, conferences notes and outlines. Documents concerning the departure of internees from the relocation centers include War Relocation Authority policy regarding the closure of centers, a YWCA of the U.S.A. resolution in response to those policies, an application for leave and a directory of internees on leave. Other documents include War Relocation Authority policies, YWCA of the U.S.A. relocation center visitation reports and War Relocation Authority reports.
correspondence, reports, outlines (documents), proceedings, programs (documents), directories, pamphlets, articles, lists (document genre)
Documents concerning the National Board of the YWCA of the U.S.A.'s National Employed Personnel Committee, national YWCA day and week celebrations, program and their Pay and Play revue. The National Board, the national body of the YWCA of the U.S.A., implements program and facilitates local association activity through administration, divisions and committees, public relations and national decision making. The National Employed Personnel Committee of the National Board creates personnel policies and procedures, conducts job analysis, and track vacancies and positions filled. Meeting notes, directories, correspondence and policy books give an overview of the work of the committee and the personnel policies adopted by the YWCA of the U.S.A. To promote membership in the YWCA of the U.S.A., the National Board organizes a national YWCA Week event, National YWCA Day for 1947. Press kits and promotional materials sent to local associations contain press release templates, sample activities, promotional materials, radio program scripts, sample speeches and guidelines for using the materials and promoting the YWCA of the U.S.A. In addition to policy and publicity the National Board develops a program and purpose for the national organization. The program reports contain the focus for the coming year and describe the current circumstances that inform the direction of the National Board. The program addresses finance, current affairs, relationships with other organizations, relationships in the YWCA of the U.S.A. and the functions and objectives of the National Board. To meet the finance needs in 1946 National Board members put on a "Pay and Play" revue and documents include a script of the revue program.
correspondence, programs (documents), directories, proceedings, reports, booklets, lists (document genre), radio programs
Documents concerning the YWCA of the U.S.A.'s cooperation with other organizations on their Japanese Evacuee Project, an organization-wide project of special programs, activities and advocacy to assist the Japanese Americans displaced in the United States during World War II. Cooperating organizations include the Protestant Commission on Cooperation in Japanese Work, the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council, the War Relocation Authority and the YMCA. Documents include meeting minutes and reports concerning project planning and the financing and coordinating of assistance efforts, reports describing the needs of the interned people, project assessments, and correspondence and notes concerning the YWCA of the U.S.A. cooperation with these organizations.
directories, bulletins, outlines (documents), minutes (administrative records), proceedings, reports, audits, correspondence
War Production Workers Conference reports, and documents concerning conference planning, program and evaluation. The War Production Workers Conferences, originated by the USO division of the National Board of the YWCA of the U.S.A., are regional conferences for YWCA and USO staff working in war production areas to unite those workers under a common vision and purpose, increasing knowledge of war production needs, providing training on methods for working with war production workers and bring awareness to resources available to the staff. The documents are divided into six sections. Section one contains conference programs, reports and notes, section two is correspondence, section three contains staff meeting documents, section four is a conference report, section five is miscellaneous materials and section six is conference notes and proceedings.
programs (documents), reports, notes, bulletins, correspondence, proceedings, minutes (administrative records), directories

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Day 3 on Java Jazz Festival 2014. Not my favorite concert/festival, but I think this year's lineup is interesting. Be3, JKT48, Agnes Monica??? Never mind. I just have to wrote that to fill this photo caption. I'm posting my photo anyway.


Back to Laser Instruments and Applications Sub-Table of Contents. Rangefinders Using a Laser to Measure Distance, Position, or Speed There are a variety of ways of using lasers to measure distance.
ISUPAGE; Isuzu Automotive Performance Tuning Page. The oldest known and most comprehensive source of information on performance tuning, hotrodding, modifying, and customizing Isuzu automobiles.
It's been quite interesting for me to read over these old updates, and in hindsight, I was so unbelievably optimistic about getting the car on the road quickly and how, at every step of the way, I was convinced that we were "close"!


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Home » Arts + Culture News Student Life University News
Creative Vikings Get Real-World Experience with Newly Launched 1704 Media Production Project
Robert Kelly-Goss Posted On November 9, 2021
A literary journal, a student newspaper, video production, graphic design: These are just a few of the projects being spearheaded by the newly formed Elizabeth City State University student-staffed 1704 Media Production. Housed on the first floor of the ITC Building, the student group, led by program director Clarence Goss, and administrative assistant Ella Holley, held its official launch reception Tuesday, Nov. 9.
This is a new initiative, says Mr. Goss, through the Division of Academic Affairs and Academic Communications. The aim is to give creative students an outlet to showcase their skills and talents, learned in the classroom, in a real-world, professional setting.
"It is a working and functioning media production company where select ECSU students are given the opportunity to lead and assist on projects for the university, as well as projects by community partners and collaborators," says Mr. Goss.
The students are from a variety of academic backgrounds, ranging from English and Digital Media majors to History and Graphic Design majors. They are playing a number of roles including editor, photographer, graphic designer, artist, writer, and more.
The projects currently on the table include a literary magazine, The Legacy, the live music series Check the Resume, and the revival of the student newspaper, The Compass.
Check the Resume is one of the first projects to incorporate the talents of ECSU's creatives. Launched in 2020 as a live series, COVID-19 protocols put the performances online, thus creating an opportunity for students to produce videos for the series' You Tube channel.
Check the Resume continues as a live performance series featuring student talent, but it is also remains an online sensation, providing not only the musicians a venue for their talents, but also 1704 Media Production student-volunteers. You can view the videos HERE.
The Legacy, according to Mr. Goss, is a literary journal in digital format. Led by creative writing professor Brande McCleese, the journal features not only original writing by ECSU students, but also original artwork.
One if the most anticipated projects by this group of students is the return of the campus newspaper, The Compass. The Compass has a long history of award-winning college journalism and while its past life existed as a traditional print newspaper, The Compass will now be a bi-annual, digital publication, says student editor Veronica Downing.
"We want this to be the student voice," said Ms. Downing.
Ms. Downing, along with co-editor Hailey Ryan, says they are taking student submissions from any major, with or without writing experience. The key, she says, is to have something to say about life on or off campus.
"No skills, just come equipped with a voice," she said.
The 1704 Media Production group also has its hands in community projects. Mr. Goss says the team of students is currently working on a grant with the North Carolina Project Gambling Project to assist in the organization's rebranding efforts.
The students are also, says Mr. Goss, collaborating with the North Carolina Museum of History on its African American Cultural Celebration. They are producing video footage for the project.
Students are also producing projects to assist students. Timothy Streeter is working on a Criminal Justice program video that consists of interviewing students about their decision to major in the program and their goals for the future.
"The goal is to get their experience and why they chose Criminal Justice and what its impact will be on them," he said.
Mr. Goss said there are future projects in the works. The 1704 students may eventually take over production of the provost's newsletter for the Division of Academic Affairs, to name one.
In the meantime, people interested in following their work, reading original content produced by ECSU students, can go HERE.
Robert Kelly-Goss


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Home Policy & Regulation Page 37
Renewable Energy Tax Credit Legislation Voted Down in U.S. Senate
A bill introduced by Senate Tax Committee Chairman Max Baucus (D-MT) and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) containing a one-year renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) extension and a small wind turbine investment tax credit has failed to move past a Cloture Vote in the U.S. Senate once again.
Louisiana Passes Advanced Biofuel Legislation
Louisana Governor Bobby Jindal has signed into law the Advanced Biofuel Industry Development Initiative, one of the most comprehensive and far-reaching state legislation packages in the U.S., which could be used to develop a statewide advanced biofuel industry. Louisiana is the first state to enact alternative transportation fuel legislation that includes a variable blending pump pilot program and a hydrous ethanol pilot program.
US Rep. Inslee Introduces Renewable Energy Pricing Legislation
U.S. Representative Jay Inslee (D-WA) on Wednesday tackled head-on the question of whether Congress can mandate electricity prices with the introduction of legislation that would set "feed-in" tariffs to motivate the development and purchase of more renewable sources of electric power.
U.S. Renewable Energy Legislation Is a Numbers Game
Oliver Cromwell once said that "a few honest men are better than numbers." Well, in the past year we've seen plenty of numbers, but with a few more honest men in the corridors of power, the numbers might have actually gotten us somewhere by now.
Draft Geothermal Legislation for Nevis Ready for Review
Junior Minister with responsibility for Communications, Works, Public Utilities, Physical Planning, Posts, Natural Resources and Environment in the Nevis Island Administration (NIA) Carlisle Powell, announced to the media that the draft...
Ohio Senate Passes RPS Legislation
In a unanimous vote the Ohio State Senate passed Sub Senate Bill 221 that was passed by the Ohio House earlier this week. Included in the legislation are strong standards for renewable energy and energy efficiency that will result in 12.5% of Ohio's electricity coming from renewable sources of power and a 22% cumulative reduction in energy usage by 2025.
Nevis to Put Legislation in Place to Govern Geothermal Energy
With renewable energy to become a reality in Nevis, the Nevis Island Administration (NIA) has embarked upon putting the legislative legal framework in place to govern the area of renewable energy...
U.S. Senate Introduces Bipartisan Renewable Energy Tax Credit Legislation
United States Senators Maria Cantwell (D-WA) and John Ensign (R-NV) have introduced the Clean Energy Stimulus Act of 2008. The bill, which has bipartisan support extends the commercial Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for solar and fuel cell projects for eight years and removes the utility exemption.
Senate Democrats Introduce Renewable Energy Tax Credit Legislation
United States Senators Maria Cantwell (D-WA) and John Ensign (D-NV) have introduced the Clean Energy Stimulus Act of 2008. The bill extends the commercial Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for eight years and removes the utility exemption.
Rhode Island and Minnesota Craft Feed-in Tariff Legislation
In a week of state action on feed-in tariffs, Rhode Island legislators have become the first on the east coast to launch debate on the policy. The tiny state's move could have a big impact on other states on America's eastern seaboard.


Hot Tub Barn - Provides new and used hot tubs, swim spas for buildings, and also offers saunas, hot tub maintenance, chemicals and accessories.
Hotspring - Producers of wide range of hot tubs, spas products and also hot tub design specialists distrubiting hot tubs and accessories.
HotTubsUK - Your one stop shop for all hot tub chemicals, hot tub filters, covers, parts and accessories.
Jacuzzi UK - Jacuzzi and spa manufacturers produces jacuzzi corner baths, hot tubs for hydrotherapy, relaxation and wellness.
Riptide Pools Ltd - Riptide Pools Ltd supply a large range of hot tubs, exercise, fitness and resistance pools and swim spas.


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WATCH: A music video about the Quebec curfew & "half-assed lockdown"
A year ago, after Quebec imposed a curfew for the first time, Montrealer Johnny Laurelli made a music video about the authoritarian public health measure, which ultimately lasted from Jan. 9 till May 28, 2021. While the current curfew, which came into effect on Dec. 31, begins at 10 p.m. nightly, last year's began at 8 p.m., hence the title of the video, "Past Eight." Laurelli's song is set to the OneRepublic song "Apologize."
"Past Eight" by Johnny Laurelli (A music video about the Quebec curfew & "half-assed lockdown," set to the OneRepublic song "Apologize.")
Laurelli's reference to a "half-assed lockdown" refers to the widely criticized reopening of schools after Christmas break. This year, schools are scheduled to reopen on Jan. 17.
This article was originally published on Jan. 18, 2021 and updated on Jan. 4, 2022.
For the latest news updates, please visit the News section.
The post WATCH: A music video about the Quebec curfew & "half-assed lockdown" appeared first on Cult MTL.


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Q: Why my div went position right? I have problem with my div "rating", his position is right, I want to place her on start left.
I can solve using position absolute for div rating, but that's not success solution.
http://jsfiddle.net/uw4srwLy/
HTML

☆☆☆☆☆

CSS
.rating > span:hover:before {
   content: "\2605";
   position: absolute;
}
.rating {
  unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
  direction: rtl;
}
.rating > span:hover:before,
.rating > span:hover ~ span:before {
   content: "\2605";
   position: absolute;
}
.rating {
  unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
  direction: rtl;
}
.rating > span {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  width: 1.1em;
}
.rating > span:hover:before,
.rating > span:hover ~ span:before {
   content: "\2605";
   position: absolute;
}

A: Float the rating div to left.
.rating {
  direction: rtl;
  float: left;
  unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ETMA Automation Academy Is the Pioneer And Sole Training Provider In Sri Lanka, having all the top required modules available under a single programme, which consists of training in the various major brands of PLC (Programmable Logical Controller), SCADA – (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), DCS (Distributed Control System) and VFD (Variable-Frequency Drive), MMI (Multi Media Interface) and Pneumatics & Field Instrument as one package in the industrial automation training utilized in Process, Oil & Gas, Power, Water Treatment and the manufacturing Industries. ETMA has been developed on the modern concept of sharing & learning in peaceful ambience to the perfection.
ETMA Automation Academy is guided by ATCI – Automation Training Consortium India which is accredited by The IAO-International Accreditation Organization.
ETMA Automation Academy appoints the strong panel of ATCI's experienced lecturers who are academically and professionally qualified adopting modern and structured coaching methods to provide vibrant qualifications and knowledge to its students with guidance for successfully grabbing the best available opportunities in the market.
ETMA'S Commitment is to find the right solution the very first time for the candidates, Ensure that they meet up challenges of today's Automation World.
ETMA is privileged to deliver services ensuring continually high levels of satisfaction among the candidates through the advanced training facilities to make the candidates industry ready by exposing them to the real time Core Industry experience.
ETMA Automation Academy mission is to serve as a bridge between the fresh engineers to develop their skills for easier placement in leading core industries; by providing the exemplary training through the automation technical expertise in the market. Offering an array of opportunity for fresh engineers in terms of core training with innovative approaches to enhance which are suitable for life long career opportunities.
The vision of the ETMA Automation Academy is to be a leading provider of automation training in Sri Lanka.


Write-Way Prison Ministries is a Bible correspondence school for prisoners incarcerated in city or county/parish jails, state prisons, or Federal prisons. We are dedicated to the propagation of the gospel and the promotion of Christian growth in the Word of God through free Bible correspondence courses to prisoners in the States of Texas and Louisiana. The grading and counseling gives the inmate student encouragement, as well as help, to become better equipped to meet life situations upon his release to free world life.
Shown here are some of the books which comprise the Emmaus Curriculum used by Write-Way Prison Ministries. These self-paced study courses have proven to be the most effective way to present Biblical truths to others.
Below are pictured some of the dedicated state coordinators who tirelessly give of their time and resources to make these prison ministries possible. Click here to see a short video about the ministry that provides the Biblical material for Write-Way to reach out to inmates in prison.


text:
Q: Tengo un TypeError en una funcion que estoy ejecutando tengo un error en la siguente funcion, en la funcion debo realizar una algrupacion de el elemento "nota" que esta dentro del objeto estudiantes, para sumar todos los resultado y luego dividirlo por la cantidad de veces que se repita, es decir que debe etornar el promedio del curso, es decir, la suma de todas las notas divididas por el total de notas e imprimirlo en consola

const estudiantes = [
    {
      id: 1,
      nombre: "Boby",
      apellido: "rodrigues",
      nota: 17,
      curso: "Spartan Developers",
      conducta: "Buena"
    }
,
    {
      id: 2,
      nombre: "Eliezer",
      apellido: "Gil",
      nota: 16,
      curso: "Spartan Developers",
            conducta: "Buena"
    },
      {
      id: 3 ,
      nombre: "Fabiana",
      apellido: "rodrigues",
      nota: 18,
      curso: "Spartan Developers",
            conducta: "Exelente"
        },
    {
      id: 4,
      nombre: "Rebeca",
      apellido: "Mendez",
      nota: 20,
      curso: "Spartan Developers",
            conducta: "Exelente"
    },
    {
      id: 5,
      nombre: "Reiner",
      apellido: "Ramires",
      nota: 12,
      curso: "Spartan Developers",
            conducta: "Puede mejorar"
    },

    const promedioEscolar = (estudiante) =>
        estudiantes.map(({nota}) => {
            let result = estudiantes.map.reduce((a, b) => a + b / 10);
         console.log(`El resultado de la funcion es: ${result}`);
         return result;
        })
    }
    let resultpromedioEscolar = promedioEscolar(estudiantes)

A: Faltaba cerrar el array y el resto del código es mucho más sencillo en realidad, quedaría algo así:
const estudiantes = [
{
    id: 1,
    nombre: "Boby",
    apellido: "rodrigues",
    nota: 17,
    curso: "Spartan Developers",
    conducta: "Buena",
},
{
    id: 2,
    nombre: "Eliezer",
    apellido: "Gil",
    nota: 16,
    curso: "Spartan Developers",
    conducta: "Buena",
},
{
    id: 3,
    nombre: "Fabiana",
    apellido: "rodrigues",
    nota: 18,
    curso: "Spartan Developers",
    conducta: "Exelente",
},
{
    id: 4,
    nombre: "Rebeca",
    apellido: "Mendez",
    nota: 20,
    curso: "Spartan Developers",
    conducta: "Exelente",
},
{
    id: 5,
    nombre: "Reiner",
    apellido: "Ramires",
    nota: 12,
    curso: "Spartan Developers",
    conducta: "Puede mejorar",
},
];

const promedioEscolar = (array) => {
const sumaNotas= array.reduce((a, b) => a + b.nota, 0);
console.log("El resultado promedio es: "+ sumaNotas /estudiantes.length)
return sumaNotas /estudiantes.length
};

La suma de todos las notas dividido el total de alumnos en el array, en este caso un total de 83 la suma de las notas, dando un resultado de 16.6 de promedio (83/5).
Espero sirva, quedo a las ordenes.


text:
Giddy Up America
Popular Culture. Music. Sports. Television. Good Times.
Dad Stuff
Home › Music › Investigative Journalism: J Roddy Walston & the Business
Investigative Journalism: J Roddy Walston & the Business
By Ryan O'Connell on 11/01/2013 • ( 15 )
When this week started, I figured I'd be spending the bulk of my time listening to the new Arcade Fire album.
And I was wrong for two reasons.
The first is that the new Arcade Fire album is just okay and fails to hold my attention. I forget that it's on. I'm not disappointed though, because for some reason, I think it'll either grow on me eventually or my relationship with Arcade Fire will start and end with The Surburbs, something I'm totally cool with.
The second reason I was wrong was my discovery of J Roddy Walston and the Business. Their new album, Essential Tremors, has taken over my week and has been the only thing I've been listening to besides anything I can find on ESPN Radio that even remotely involves the Red Sox- the 2013 World Series Champion Boston Red Sox.
But I don't know anything about this band, J Roddy Walston and the Business. All I know is that they sound like a dust-up, after hours rendezvous and meeting of the minds involving the Black Keys, old Kings of Leon, Jack Daniels, Creedence Clearwater Revival and Band of Horses.
So I did some digging.
Here are some things I learned:
The first thing I learned…
Essential Tremors is the band's third album and the title of the album comes from a disease front man Walston suffers from.
The second thing I learned…
The band is originally from Tennessee, but relocated to Baltimore in 2004.
The third thing I learned…
The band tours in an old church van. They bought the van for four grand and never bothered to remove the lettering on the outside of the van.
The fourth thing I learned…
The band once tried to play 60 pianos that were placed around New York City in one day. The pianos were placed as part of an art installation by artist Luke Jerram. They didn't make it. They fell short by two pianos. NYC traffic ain't go no love for art.
The last thing I learned…
They're awesome.
Essential Tremors is a flat out barn-storming rush of an album. Banging pianos, stomping beats and flying high choruses populate nearly every song. Highlights are "Heavy Bells," "Marigold," "Black Light," and "Boys Can Never Tell." I haven't listened to either one of their earlier albums, but I would bet cash money the sound is similar and they're just as good. Essential Tremors is most likely their "slightly more polished/stepping it up" album, so for all intents and purposes, it's a good place to start.
Give Essential Tremors a listen…
Live shot: Matt Wignall
Van photo: Tony Cenicola/The New York Times
Band photo: ATO records
‹ A Beard Surreal
The Avett Brothers vs Arcade Fire ›
Tags: 60 pianos, Arcade Fire album, baltimore, banging pianos, essential tremors, investigative journalism, J Roddy and the Business, J Roddy Walston, kings of leon, new Arcade Fire album, new music, nyc, spotify, stomp
"Don't Break the Needle" to me is just as good, but "Essential Tremors" will probably be looked at as a step forward for them as a band. Do whatever you have to do to see them live. They're unsurprisingly amazing. Saw them in Atlanta at a festival in May in the pouring rain. It was one of the more fun shows I've ever attended. I've been looking forward to tomorrow's show in NYC for quite some time now. Hopefully, more people will make the same discovery you did. Good article.
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Steorrfiscas sind flocc sticolhȳdra. Þǣr sind nēan 2,000 ȝecūðra cynna steorrfisca þā ƿuniaþ on eallum þǣre eorðan ȝārsecȝa. Hīe ƿuniaþ on eallum dēopþum būton þǣm dēopostum dīcum (þā þe sind dēopran þonne hūhƿeȝa 6,000 metera). Ȝif him losie lim, þonne cann ōðer ƿeaxan eft. Þēah þe mann hāteþ hīe "steorrfiscas" sind hīe ful missenlīce on hīƿe.
Man nīwanost wende þisne tramet on þǣre 19:12 tīde þæs 8 Hrēþmōnaþ 2013.


text:
Q: Select keyword require > instead of = if i use    = instead of >  in  line below
  TextBox1.Text = "regdate > '12/12/2012 8:27:09'";
it return me zero rows . Any reason ?
        DataView dv1 = new DataView ();
        DataSet ds = new DataSet ();
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();

        /*
         col1   col2            col3    col4            col5
         1      sw@yahoo.com    sw      Stephen Walther 12/12/2012 8:27:09 PM
         2      as@yahoo.com    as      Al Stevens      12/12/2012 8:27:09 PM
        */

// Here is the code and criteria for selecting few rows based on datetime .
        TextBox1.Text = "regdate > '12/12/2012'";

        //connection created

        SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(SqlDataSource1.ConnectionString);
        con.Open();
        SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter ("SELECT * FROM users",con);
        da.Fill (ds);

        // filtering criteria applied .
        DataRow[] dr = ds.Tables["Table"].Select(TextBox1.Text);

         //columns created
        dt.Columns.Add("col1", typeof(int));
        dt.Columns.Add("col2", typeof(string));
        dt.Columns.Add("col3", typeof(string));
        dt.Columns.Add("col4", typeof(string));
        dt.Columns.Add("col5", typeof(DateTime));

         // data added
        foreach (DataRow item in dr)
        {
            dt.Rows.Add(item.ItemArray);
        }

        // view created
        dv1 = dt.DefaultView ;
        GridView1.DataSourceID = string.Empty;
        GridView1.DataSource = dv1 ;
        Page.DataBind();

A: Because the time component is stopping the match - it is trying to match the date AND time.
You could try to use some kind of DATEDIFF function to just match the date portion
How to test two datetimes for equality in T-SQL (ignoring their time components)?
BUT - when amending the code just be really careful with this - not to start putting text box input into the SQL statement. Injection attack risk aplenty.
I think you are OK as it stands but....

A: Because it's a datetime field, so it will compare the whole date and time value, not just the date.
The value 12/12/2012 8:27:09 PM and 12/12/2012 are not the same, because the 12/12/2012 gets expanded to the 12/12/2012 12:00:00 AM value to be comparable to the datetime value. The datetime value doesn't get truncated to be comparable to the date value.
Generally when data types doesn't match for a comparison or calculation, the smaller type gets expanded to the larger type, so that there is no unintentional data loss.

A: The database stores the date in (about) millisecond resolution. When "12/12/2012 8:27:09 PM" is displayed, there is probably a millisecond part that is not displayed, but will throw off a comparison with a date that doesn't specify those milliseconds.
The ">" comparison will succeed because the stored date is higher than your specified date, precisely because of those milliseconds.


text:
El Perelló est une commune de la province de Tarragone, en Catalogne, en Espagne, de la comarque de Baix Ebre

Histoire

En 1990, la commune de l'Ampolla a été détachée de celle d'El Perello.

Économie
El Perello possède une coopérative agricole qui occupe une place importante dans l'activité économique de la commune. Il est d'ailleurs possible aux particuliers d'y acheter de l'huile d'olive provenant des exploitations environnantes.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des comarques de Catalogne

Liens externes

Commune dans la province de Tarragone
Commune en Catalogne


text:
zulu james Woolfryes smith Russell Franklin john drift Natal martini melvill Durnford taylor henry payne harford Prince spalding Police Isandlwana william 24th George horse Mounted carbineers
Orders to laager at Isandhlwana
Chard1879
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri May 29, 2015 11:38 am
Bonjour Frederic
I came across this interesting note in the papers at the National Archives last week. This is from Glyn to Belairs dated 2/3/1879 and says it encloses statements on the events at Isandhlwana by two wagon drivers "Hans Boer and Abraham". But I cannot, so far, find the statements in this file of papers. Neither can I find any reference to those names in the literature. So is this missing evidence or can someone offer more information?
Copyright National Archives
Last edited by rusteze on Fri May 29, 2015 4:10 pm; edited 1 time in total
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri May 29, 2015 12:28 pm
rusteze wrote:
I suppose you have study "England's sons" by Mr Whybra (i don't have my copy at hand).
If these men and their statements are not listed in England's sons, you have at hand the "material" for a great essay!
I hope indeed that you enjoy your travels at Kew by motorway....
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri May 29, 2015 1:34 pm
Salute, I did not look in the obvious place! Abraham appears on page 57 of Julian's work, his statement is in the National Archives in file WO 33/34. Hans Boer is a new inclusion by Julian in the latest edition, his statement is in WO 32/7713. Both escaped via Fugitives Drift - I will take a look at the reports next week.
It shows how documents on the same subject can become separated in the archives, the file I reviewed last week, which contained Glyn's note, was WO 32/7726.
I haven't read these testimonies (Abraham and Boer)..
I am suspicious about the reality of this hypothesis (I.E:order to build a laager given by Pulleine, Durnford or others Officers).
No mention given on this subject by surviving Officers as ESSEX, GARDNER or SMITH-DORRIEN...
I rather think that there were the Zulus who moved the wagons for the transportation of loot and their wounded.
But i have a (little) doubt: Who was the "source" for the war office memorandum ( "called in the cattle and began to harness them so as to draw the wagons into a circle")?
Rumors from members of the relief column?
Testimony given by Hans Boer?
If this testimony is a new inclusion in England's sons, it probably has never been published before in a a book, maybe in a forgotten newspaper ....
So i am anxious to read it.
Both Boer and Abraham's accounts are quite well-known. Don't expect anything revelatory in them!
I too am suspicious of the remark in Yorke's book - it all depends on the nature of the source.
Frédéric,
Queen Victoria's journal transcribed by her daughter Princess Beatrice appear on:
I tried a quick look on the Royal Archives for any correspondence between Colonel the Hon. Frederick Stanley, the Secretary of State for War and Colonel Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary, and nothing obvious is leaping out as yet.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sun May 31, 2015 11:56 pm
Bonsoir Mr Young,
Thank you for the link, but it seems that i don't have access to "the Queen Victoria's journal" from France (only GB, USA and Canada).
I have asked a "pass" and i am waiting the answer.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Mon Jun 01, 2015 12:03 am
Payback for La Revolution Francaise!
Obviously we did not cut enough heads.
If only Admiral Nelson had been French...
Blaspheme!
i know, but the Duke of Wellington, i can't.
Turn up the volume.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Mon Jun 01, 2015 8:17 pm
Very Nice melody and pictures my friend...
In France, we say: " la musique adoucit les moeurs"
Location : UK
Good link John. Tres evocateur Frederic.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Thu Nov 05, 2015 9:02 am
About the "laagering" of the camp, there is this testimony of trooper S.B. JONES (Newcastle Mounted Rifles) who was with CHELMSFORD's column the 22 January:
"Towards daylight we were ordered to trek back to Rorke's Drift [I.E: the 23 January]...Colonel Pulleine had all the wagons inspanned and it could be seen that it was his intention to form a laager, but the zulus had attacked the camp before that could be done and had killed all the oxens in their yokes...we saw where some of the 24th Regiment about 100 of them, had got behind a ridge and built up a sort of stockade of ammunition boxes. From behind that flimsy defense they had kept the Natives off until all their ammunition was finishe, and there we found them with heaps of empty cartridge cases beside each body".
Source: "The Natal Mercury", Tuesday, Jan, 22nd 1929 quoted in "The journal of the AZWRS " (Mr Young) Vol. n°2 issue n°1 p.16-19 "We saw red").
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Thu Nov 05, 2015 12:51 pm
ymob wrote:
Just a clarification: Mr John Young was chairman of this journal.
It's not the journal with the same title by Adrian Greaves (and now Mr John Laband).
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri Dec 11, 2015 12:22 am
Maybe the origin of the "myth" of a laager at Isandhlwana:
One anonymous member wrote on the occasion of the expedition led by Black (2/24th)
"Waggons were standing in every direction, many having been moved a considerable distance from the original position"
South Wales Daily News, 15 April 1879 "The scene at Isandula"
I love this music, its used quite a lot with clips from Sharpe. King George commands and we obey....I also enjoy listening to La Victoire est a nous and 'Le chant de l 'oignon' I have to be honest, I can't think of many nations that march into battle singing about onions.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri Dec 11, 2015 12:01 pm
If you like some real good powerful tub thumping music, then try Elgar's Triumphal March on full volume, bloody fantastic.
Regarding wagons being moved about at iSandlwana, I am sure I have read that the zulu's did move some of them about and also used some to transport the booty and wounded and also some of the dead, that would account for the wagons 'standing in every direction'. If my memory serves, I am sure that I read that some of the wagons had been dumped down some of the dongas.
More good music is 'Jupiter the bringer of jollity', from the Planets suite by Gustav Holst, probably better known as 'I vow to thee my country', maybe this should be The English National Anthem, very stirring stuff, marvellous music, as is 'Land of Hope and Glory', another one that could be Englands National Anthem, well, what's left of our once great country, that I fear is now going down the drain and will soon be consigned to the history books if we don't do anything about the situation, very sad, and the sooner we are out of the awful EU the better.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Fri Dec 11, 2015 4:44 pm
Spot on with the music Martin, but if you really want to hear something then put on some headphones, turn the volume up and listen to Ennio Morricone The Ecstasy of Gold. The vocalist will blow your socks off. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Mon Dec 14, 2015 12:17 am
Between 9-10 Brickhill ordered the waggoners to collect all the cattle.
The oxen were indeed in their yokes but they were not in spanned. This had been done prior to Durnfords arrival.
WeekendWarrior
Location : San Diego, CA
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sat Nov 09, 2019 3:37 pm
For what it's worth, here is the full text of the article.
Newspaper Interview/Biography of John J. Horne, Newcastle Mounted Rifles. Published in The Natal Advertiser on January 24, 1929.
"A surprising number of lsandhlwana survivors has been revealed by the 50 years' peace celebrations. Mr. John J. Horne, an organiser of the Newcastle Mounted Volunteer Corps in 1875, and one of the survivors of lsandhlwana, is still hale and hearty and lives in Durban.
His account of the preparations for the battle at lsandhlwana shed new light on why no laager was formed. He and his corps were stationed at the far end of the camp and two members of his corps, Berning and Dinckleman, were on vedette duty about four miles out of camp Dinckleman rode in to Home with the report that the natives were approaching in mass formation.
Colonel Durnford, then in command, rode up, and Home passed on the report to him. The Colonel ordered the dispatching of the ox wagons and the formation of a laager, but shortly afterwards Colonel Pullin rode up with an auxiliary force and the laager was not formed. Why the order was countermanded is not known to Horne.
Horne escaped the massacre with a shot through the leg. Mr. Horne's career has had more excitement during a year than most people have in their lives. In 1870 he was given an appointment in the Government service at Ladysmith. He joined the Natal Frontier Guards in 1871. In 1873 they were ordered out on the Langalibalele rebellion. He was one of the first volunteers to join up when the trouble started. During the course of the campaign he went into Basutoland by way of the Double Mountains and the Bushman's Pass, under Captain Ellis, where they captured their man and brought him to the gaol at Matitzburg. In the latter end of 1875 Mr. Horne was transferred to Newcastle, where he acted in many civic roles through the lack of other officials. Mr. Melmoth was magistrate of Newcastle at the time and when he received a request from a Major Dartnall to raise a mounted corps he asked Horne to do it. After official sanction had been obtained Horne raised a force of 37 men, whom he trained and drilled. In 1877 the Major inspected the corps and paid its organiser a compliment as to its efficiency. It was then brigaded with the Buffalo Border Guard between Newcastle and Dundee. A year later the corps was called up for the campaign the first leg of which ended in the disaster at Isandhlwana."
Last edited by WeekendWarrior on Sat Nov 09, 2019 3:49 pm; edited 1 time in total
Looks like a confusion of Colonels, or is that the collective noun?
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sat May 23, 2020 8:11 am
As to who may have conceivably passed on an order to laager the wagons out of Durnford or Pulleine if it ever did occur?
Durnford on one hand had the previous combat experience and likely better understanding of how the Zulus attacked, in large numbers and in the horns of the buffalo.
On the other hand whilst it's possible Durnford called for a laager it is known that he left the camp with a sizeable force of mounted men to possibly prevent any large forces of Zulus cutting off Chelmsford and the column and sweeping any forces away from the Isandlwana camp. On this basis alone it's unlikely he perceived any significant threat to the camp at any time before leaving it and later engaging with the left horn. If he had of perceived the slightest of threats one could only presume he would have overseen a better defence of the camp or given more definitive orders?
Pulleine in my opinion was very unlikely to have ordered a laager at any stage. The fact that he formed a fatally flawed firing line reflects that he had a very poor understanding of how the Zulus attacked. This unfortunate incompetency or demonstration of a lack of tactical awareness does not support that he would have called for a laager, not until it was too late at any rate. I believe it was Horace Smith-Dorrien that said something a long the lines of little did they understand the gravity of what was bearing down on them until it was too late and I think this was certainly the case for Pulleine.
Unfortunately history tells the tale that neither Durnford or Pulleine fully appreciated the potential for an attack of the likes witnessed that day, a lot of men lost their lives.
I'm certainly not wanting to be critical of either officer though, there are far too many people on this forum who know 1000 times more than I ever could so i'd prefer to reserve any judgement.
It's completely understandable in many regards to why a possible sense of superiority and confidence in fire power may have led to their eventual downfall at Isandlwana.
Hi Danie
Have a look at the standing orders issued by Chelmsford and the prescribed defensive formation. There is a school of thought that Pulleine followed that directive.
There is a comment that Pulleine ordered some oxen to be harnessed, Ive often had the thought that to someone outside the main officer group this could have looked like an attempt to laarger.
Just a couple of thoughts.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sat May 23, 2020 11:16 am
Quite. An eyebrow rose when I read Pulleine "formed a fatally-flawed firing line"...
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sat May 23, 2020 1:07 pm
Daniel25,
The quote from Horace Smith-Dorrien appears in his 1925 autobiography:
'...Forty-five empty wagons stood in the camp with the oxen in. It was a convoy which I was to have taken to Rorke's Drift for supplies early in the morning, but which was stopped until the enemy should be driven off. These wagons might have at any time been formed into a laager, but no one appeared to appreciate the gravity of the situation, so much so that no steps were taken until too late to issue extra ammunition from the large reserves we had in camp. ...'
Looking at the paragraph I wonder if the first sentence is incomplete and should read ...with the oxen inspanned?
What I find surprising is that S-D's testimony to the Court of Inquiry held after the event tells us nothing whatsoever. Not a mention of the battle at all.
The published extract from his letter home only gives details of his flight from the field, not a mention of defence of the camp, or lack of it. Unfortunately, by the time I met his son, David, any such documentation had left the family, I would have loved to have read the letter in full, but it was not to be so.
Is the quote therefore given in hindsight, and formed by decades of military experience?
I've always taken "with the oxen in" to mean precisely what you suggest. As in, 'the cart has got the horse in'. He wrote that the convoy was stopped - I take it to mean, quite literally in its tracks. It was ready to roll but prevented from doing so.
bill cainan 4
Now here's an interesting thought with regard to forming a lager at Isandlwana:
The "Narrative for Field Operations.... " states that No 3 Column had 220 wagons and 1,507 oxen. If we take the fact that each colonial ox wagon needed at least 16 oxen to pull it (though more likely 18) this would require at least 3,520 oxen. So the column was some 2,013 oxen short !!! It had sufficient oxen to pull only 40% of its wagons. This shortage of oxen would explain why at Rorke's Drift B Company had two wagons but no oxen. All available oxen were being used to shuttle stores up and down the lines of communication to the Column. Each loaded wagon was probably in excess of two tons and almost impossible to move by hand over rough ground. Also, I read somewhere that draught oxen are somewhat temperamental and will only work on an 8 hour schedule - they work for 8 hours, rest/graze for 8 hours, and sleep for 8 hours. It would be nigh impossible to get the beasts to work in their rest/sleep periods, even in an emergency. The 45 wagons in-spanned (mentioned above) being available, could have been used to provide a lagered "box" of 15 wagons long by 8 wagons deep (approx 100 yards by 50 yards). This could have accommodated two (possibly three) infantry companies, but no animals or supporting arms. Would this have made a difference ?
To win the war, the Zulus would have needed to kill all the oxen and burn all the wagons !!!!
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sun May 24, 2020 8:48 am
I seem to recall that an empty waggon needed only 8 oxen to pull it. (45 waggons = 360 oxen?)someone will correct me no doubt on the figure.
I also, from memory, recall there were 107 waggons at Isandhlwana camp in toto.
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sun May 24, 2020 10:19 am
Hi Julian
Yes, 8 oxen to pull an empty wagon from Isandlwana back to RD/Helpmekaar, but you would need a full span of 16/18 to pull the loaded wagon back to Isandlwana. 45 x 16 = 720 Oxen !!!
Where is the reference for 107 wagons at Isandlwana ? And, if that is the case. where were the remaining 113 wagons - at Helpmekaar ?
Supposing of course that ALL the wagons were pulled by Oxen. Mules should come into the equation. Those mule wagons were drawn by around 8 mules, loaded. Im sure a bunch of hefty squaddies could have moved them. I saw a 4 seater sedan lifted bodily out of a stream, the Ngwebini by a bunch of local villagers a few years back.
I would suggest that the counter to any argument that a laarger should have been constructed would be that the orders issued to Pulleine were to defend the CAMP, not the soldiers. And thats really what he tried to do.
Consider then if a laarger had been formed on the saddle, the camp would have been wide open
Imagine if Chelmsford had got back to camp and found 99% of those he left behind still alive tucked away behind a defensive wall but his camp and stores destroyed? Im pretty sure he would have been a tad miffed!
I'll have to check my sources for answers to your questions.
From memory Durnford brought 12 waggons to Isandhlwana.
95 were in situ.
3 were out with Chelmsford.
As to where the missing oxen and waggons were, I'd suggest at Helpmekaar, and at each station further back along the line of communications (2 waggons were at Rd; there was already an ammo convoy en route) but again I'll have to check.
Good questions though!
Thanks Frank & Julian
For the purpose of the calculations, I had not included Durnford's No 2 Column which reportedly had 30 wagons and 480 oxen (and 350 mules !).
No 3 Column had only 67 mules, but also 82 carts that I didn't include in my figures.
Most (if not all) of the photographs I've seen of mules pulling wagons in the AZW, the wagons have been the standard British GS wagon. This wagon was, of course, a lot less robust than the colonial ox wagon and more suited for areas with decent roads. However, I would suggest that for important stores (eg ammunition) that might be required to move fast, then the GS wagon pulled by a 6/8 mule team would be the best option. I think the same argument would apply to the ammunition carts.
Although a proven logistician, Chelmsford must have been very much bound in many of his strategic decisions by the availability of wagons and oxen. It is frustrating therefore that there is little detail existing as to how the logistic chain actually worked, and where wagons/oxen would be located.
Any information on the logistic chain would be much appreciated.
The mule wagons could handle a 2000lb load. Im sure JY has photos of a mule wagon.
SRB1965
Location : Uttoxeter - the last place God made and he couldn't be bothered to finish it.....
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Sun May 24, 2020 1:03 pm
Frank Allewell wrote:
Especially being as (presumably) one of the faces looking over the wagons at him and waving his good arm, would have been AWD....
On a serious point (well as serious as I can be) - had a laager been formed and inside were Franks 99% - would the Zulus have dashed themselves to pieces (Blood River style) trying to get in and suffered horrible casualties - perhaps enough to finish the war for them - at least morale wise?
If buts and maybe's I know....
I was reaching for my photographs when I was distracted by a Skype call from my grandson.
Here's a few examples:
A wagon park at Fort Chelmsford.
An ammunition train forming at Fort Chelmsford. Mule-drawn GS Wagons.
Oxen-drawn hired colonial transport wagons crossing the Amatikulu River.
(All three photographs from the John Young Collection.)
Note the congestion caused by having to cross the drift one wagon at a time. Just for Bill's benefit note the R.E. in foreground...
JY aka 'Dave'
Last edited by John Young on Mon May 25, 2020 11:59 am; edited 2 times in total (Reason for editing : Changing Pearson to Chelmsford.)
Hi "Dave"
Thanks for tracing the pics. The second one shows an ammunition train preparing for the relief of Eshowe and tends to confirm my assumption that British GS wagons (mule drawn) were kept for stores (esp. ammunition) that possibly required more speed. On the other hand, the ammunition wagon that each Infantry Company had was a colonial ox wagon as here the speed of the ox drawn wagon was acceptable to a marching company (the other company wagon carried tentage/cooking gear and the men's packs).
The GS wagon carried a load of 30cwt (common to GS Wagons Marks I to IV).
The ammunition carts each carried just over 11cwts (16 boxes of MH rounds - 600 per box) - and again I would think these were mule drawn.
I presume that as the Zulus had little use for wagons, they were probably unaware of their significance/importance to the movement of a British army. Had they been so aware and had taken the opportunity to burn every captured wagon then the British invasion strategy would have been in tatters !
bill cainan 4 wrote:
I presume that as the Zulus had little use for wagons
They did have a use for them after Isandlwana.......
Don't forget that the Army Service Corps presence at the start of the 1st invasion was minimal, as is evident from the number of A.S.C. personnel who died at iSandlwana: Corporal Pritchard & Private's Coles & Jacques.
I have my own thoughts on their role at iSandlwana given their number, that they were the crew of the ill-fated GS ambulance. The Army Hospital Corps provided the care of the patients, but the responsibility of driving the ambulance fell to the A.S.C.
All the photographs above dated from after arrival of No's 3, 4 & 5 Companies, A.S.C. in late March, 1879 and illustrate the 'advance' of Major-General H. H. Crealock's 1st Division.
I do have one photograph of the Eshowe Relief Column, that I will dig out and post this afternoon. Unfortunately the wagons shown in it are fairly unclear.
As to the Zulu, Sihayo apparently had wagons that he used in his trading endeavours.
Remember that Durnford's Column was split into three - not all the 30 waggons were with him on 22.1.179
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Mon May 25, 2020 10:34 am
Interesting that you say the second picture (and the others) relate to the second invasion, as it is quite often captioned in books as portraying part of the Eshowe relief column.
I didn't realise that Sihayo used wagons, but I suppose with his proximity to the border, it makes sense from a trading point of view. I'm supposing that Dunn similarly used wagons for trading in his area. And, of course the Portuguese probably used wagons in their arms trade with the Zulu. However, all of these constituted a minor use of wagons - nothing like the hundreds that Chelmsford deployed with each of his columns. So, I still maintain that the Zulus did not grasp the strategic importance that the wagons had for the British army.
Yes, I was aware that Durnford didn't bring his wagons to Isandlwana - except for the ammunition wagon that lagged behind (which makes me think it was possibly an ox-drawn wagon ?). That's why I didn't include his wagons in the numbers I initially quoted for the central column. I think the logistics of the AZW is a very much under researched aspect . The detailed "nuts and bolts" of the day to day running of the logistic chain are sparsely recorded, probably as they were taken for granted. However, it does reflect very much as to why the Isandlwana camp was not lagered.
All the best and stay safe !
Readily to hand I can only find one reference to the second photograph being given as of the Eshowe Relief Column. The original photograph is captioned in pencil as 'Ammunition Waggons Lower Tugela.' Normally used as a term of reference for Fort Pearson and crossing there. However, since you mentioned it I have been studying it and the first photograph which is captioned in ink as 'Loading of wagons at Fort Chelmsford, 1879.' The photographs are actually from different albums but from the same studio, that of the Kisch Brothers.
Now here's the rub, if we accept that the first photograph is Fort Chelmsford, of which I have little doubt, then the second photograph is also taken at Fort Chelmsford, and not as captioned the 'Lower Tugela.'
Here's why, note the position of three tents on the slope, look across to the right of the tents there is a small bush and tracks leading down the slope from that bush. They are the same. Therefore, the mule-drawn transport could not be part of the Eshowe Relief Column, as the construction of Fort Chelmsford did not start until 29th April 1879, over three weeks after the relief of garrison at Eshowe.
Here's detail from both photographs, I will let you judge for yourself, I have not added any filters or enhanced them in any way.
Detail from the Fort Chelmsford photograph.
Detail from the 'Lower Tugela' photograph.
Personally I believe the erroneous original captioning may have led to errors being made, and I will correct the information I have previously posted above to reflect this.
As to Sihayo, he had a wide-reaching network of trading links that extended throughout Natal, Swaziland and Mozambique. To conduct his trade he had at his disposal horses, oxen and wagons. Prince Hamu was also know to use wagons, when he 'came in' to the British he did so on a wagon. And don't get me started on carriages!
Subject: Re: Orders to laager at Isandhlwana Mon May 25, 2020 1:06 pm
Bill/Julian
Statement of Trumpeter R. W. Stevens, Natal Mounted Police. Letter dated 15 FEB 1879 from NMP Camp, Helpmekaar
We left Rorke's Drift camp, that is the name of the drift where we crossed over the Buffalo river, which divides Natal from Zululand, on the 19th January to advance about twelve miles into the country. It was a pretty sight to see the column going along, the waggons stretching over five miles, besides the troops.
This would seem to disagree with you both on the number of wagons. Second point would be that Durnford had been called up to the camp as an advance not a temporary assignement so would need all his tents supplies etc.
Erskin
We marched as far as the Bashee stream about ten a.m, where Capt. Russell of the rocket battery gave orders for D company to march on with all speed with him, and E company, with Capt. Stafford, stayed behind to escort the wagons.
After staying there about a quarter of an hour, orders came for Capt. Stafford to leave part of his company as escort for the wagons, and to hurry on with the rest to the front. He left me with 16 men, and told me to hurry on the wagons, which I accordingly did, to the best of my ability.
A very definite plural wagons.
– and by his order rode back to Captain Russell, who was about a mile behind, and gave him the message to hurry up at once with his Rocket Battery and detach a company of Sikali's men to protect the baggage which was following and I passed the word all along to look out to the left."
The baggage was aboard.
Just a thought or two from a very stormy Cape Town.
Thanks Frank
The fact that Durnford's No 2 Column was capable of "fast" moving and that his wagons lagged behind would again seem to point that the wagons allocated to his No 2 Column were the slower ox-drawn ones. As I understand it, only his ammunition wagon reached the western edge of Isandlwana mountain by the time of the battle (and that was probably his "fastest" wagon !!).
If No 3 Column moved on a SINGLE track with its 220 wagons (assuming they had enough oxen, which they clearly didn't), and a single ox wagon with 18 oxen would take up to nearly 50 yards of the track, then the column would stretch over 6.25 miles !!! And this doesn't include the 82 carts ! This tends to confirm Trumpeter Stevens' statement. However, where ever possible, terrain permitting, the wagons would be moved in PARALLEL columns to reduce the overall length. Obviously this calculation is theoretical and doesn't take into account the lack of oxen, and the shuttling back and forwards.
The photograph entitled "Mule drawn ammunition wagons at Fort Pearson, part of the build up for the Eshowe Relief Column" is in Ian Knight's "Brave Men's Blood" Page 101 and is acknowledged to S Bouquin. However, like you, I thought that this photograph probably related to the 2nd Invasion. The tents do seem to clinch the point. Well spotted.
Wally Erskin was in charge of the rear guard and took part in the battle so I would assume that the balance of the wagons had arrived at iSandlwana.
Durnford's waggons did indeed arrive at camp.
Erskine: ""We had then heard the firing of the cannon for about a quarter of an hour…and I continued to hear it until I arrived at the camp at Isandhlwana…There I took my escort to the front which was about a mile ahead of the camp. I placed my men in position and told them 'to fire low'."
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Central Showcases its Musical Fortes at The Annual Choral Festival
Abby Young, Staff Writer
Every year, Central's choir has the opportunity to show off their abundant talent in The Hamilton County High School Choral Festival. The festival has been in place for eight years, and each year the choir has participated. The choir teacher, Katheron Latham, has used her love for music to guide her students to the amount of success they have accomplished.
The Choir Festival lasted all day Friday October 4, from 8:30 in the morning until 7:30 at night. Eight different schools came together at Ridgedale Baptist Church to practice and collaborate on numerous songs.
The schools' choirs performed a song with the help of a professor from Lee University. Where they were able to perform pieces with students from all over the county.
There were two mass choirs, one men's and one women's choir. The men's choir performed "Roll Jordan Roll," a spiritual piece arranged by Ruth Gray. The women's choir performed "A Girl's Garden," by Randall Thompson. Then, a mass mixed choir performed two songs, "Ain't a That Good News," and "Cover me with the Night."
"At the festival, there were a lot of people. It was fun music and we could dance. We practiced a lot– [for] hours and hours. The professor was very interesting and we even had lunch in the church," sophomore choir member May Soares said.
After the choirs practiced and everything was in order, there was a concert to showcase the different choirs' talents. The concert was at the same place the choirs practiced, Ridgedale Baptist. The concert began at six, welcoming anyone who wanted to come. Dr. Joshua Cheney from Lee University was the guest conductor during the performance for the mass choir pieces.
"The concert was so good. Everyone was together and on key. It was a good experience, [I would rate it a] ten out of ten," freshman choir member Gabby Roberts stated. Even though she did not perform with the group, she appreciated her fellow peers that were representing Central.
"Our Choir Participates [in the annual festival] for several reasons: one, to experience hearing other high school choirs, two, to perform ourselves for the other high schools, and three, to experience singing under the direction of a college professor. This festival is really the only time choirs from all over the city get to experience hearing each other perform and make music together," Latham said.
"It is an amazing and life changing experience to get to sing with people from different schools in my district," Senior Tyra Moore, the president of the choir, stated.
Latham has many other performances planned to show off the choir's talent this fall. The choir will sing at the "Share Your Christmas" Food Drive sponsored by WRCB Channel 3 News on December sixth. The choir will also perform with Central's jazz band at the "Christmas at the Courthouse" event on December 13. The Choir's official Winter Concert will take place on December 16.
"Music is so important to me as an individual because it gives me joy to learn and perform, as well as to express myself as a person. I also love teaching music because I enjoy seeing students develop their talents and abilities, as well as seeing them share their distinct personalities through music," Latham concluded.
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Case No. CV-10:01022 JF (PVTx).
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiff Zynga's motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part as follows.
Zynga is a social gaming company that provides, inter alia, online poker games, word games, board games, role playing games and party games. In addition to being available on its website, Zynga makes its games available through social networking websites and applications, such as Facebook, MySpace, Bebo, Hi5, Friendster, Tagged, Yahoo!, the iPhone and iPod Touch, among others. Plaintiff has undertaken efforts to protect its name and mark, including availing itself of protections provided by a Federal Trademark Registration.
Mafia Wars (the "Game") is one of Zynga's most popular games in which users can start a Mafia family with their friends and compete to become the most powerful family. Zynga has made use of the service mark MAFIA WARS in commerce since September 2008, and of the trademark MAFIA WARS since April 2009. Zynga currently owns Trademark Application Serial No. 77772110 for the mark MAFIA WARS in International Classes 009 and 041. As of December 2009, the Game had over 7 million daily users.
When users sign up with Zynga to play the Game, they receive a certain amount of "Virtual Currency" that can be used to compete with other players. Players can increase their total number of "Virtual Currency" either by their play or by purchase from Zynga. Players use this "Virtual Currency" to purchase various virtual, in-Game digital items ("Virtual Goods").
Users can additionally earn Virtual Goods by either doing "jobs" or playing the Game. Zynga allows users to use the "Virtual Currency" or Virtual Goods while playing the Game, but retains sole and exclusive ownership of them and of the source code that allows them to be used in the Game. Zynga has not authorized any third party to sell the "Virtual Currency" or Virtual Goods required to play the Game. Users are informed in the Terms of Service that they are prohibited from selling "Virtual Currency" or Virtual Goods for real-world money or for exchanging "Virtual Currency" or Virtual Goods for anything of value outside of the Game.
In the present action, Zynga has alleged claims against Defendants for the unauthorized sale of Zynga Virtual Goods through the Internet domain names MAFIAWARSDIRECT.COM, MWBLACKMARKET.COM, and MWFEXPRESS.COM. Through these domain names, Defendants sell Virtual Goods that users, playing the Game through the Providers' websites and/or applications, can use to compete with other players who obtained their Virtual Goods directly from Zynga. Defendants use Zynga's MAFIA WARS mark and similar variations of it in advertising and for selling Virtual Goods. Plaintiff has never authorized Defendants to use the MAFIA WARS mark, sell Virtual Goods for use in the Game, or transfer Virtual Goods that Defendants have "sold" to players through the Infringing Websites.
Rule 45 authorizes issuance of a subpoena to command a nonparty to produce designated documents, electronically stored information, or tangible things in its possession, custody or control. See FED. R. CIV. P. 45(a)(1)(A)(iii). "[T]he scope of discovery through subpoena is the same as that applicable to Rule 34 and the other discovery rules." See Advisory Committee Notes (1970). Rule 34 states that "[a] party may serve on any other party a request within the scope of Rule 26(b)." See FED. R. CIV. P. 34(a). Rule 26(b) states that "[p]arties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party's claim or defense." See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b). Discovery is subject to certain limitations and is not without "ultimate and necessary boundaries." See Gonzales v. Google, Inc., 234 F.R.D. 674, 680 (N.D. Ca. 2006) (citing Pacific Gas and Elec., Co. v. Lynch, 2002 WL 32812098, at *1 (N.D. Cal. August 19, 2002).
(iii) the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit, considering the needs of the case, the amount in controversy, the parties' resources, the importance of the issues at stake in the action, and the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues.
See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(2)(C)(i)-(iii).
Rule 26(d)(1) further states, "A party may not seek discovery from any source before the parties have conferred as required by Rule 26(f), except in a proceeding exempted from initial disclosure under Rule 26(a)(1)(B), or when authorized by these rules, by stipulation, or by court order." See FED R. CIV. P. 26(d)(1). The Ninth Circuit applies the "good cause" standard in determining whether discovery should proceed prior to a Rule 26(f) conference. See In re Countrywide Fin. Corp. Derivative Litig., 542 F. Supp. 2d 1160, 1179 (C.D. Cal. 2008). "Good cause may be found where the need for expedited discovery, in consideration of the administration of justice, outweighs the prejudice to the responding party." See Semitool, Inc. v. Tokyo Electron Am., 208 F.R.D. 273, 276 (N.D. Cal. 2002). Additionally, good cause is frequently found in cases involving claims of infringement and unfair competition. See id.
In support of its motion, Plaintiff cites to the four part test in Columbia Ins. Co. v. Seescandy.com. The four parts include: (1) identifying the Defendants with enough specificity to allow the Court to determine whether the Defendants are a real person or entity who could be sued in federal court; (2) recounting the steps taken to locate the defendant; (3) showing that its action could survive a motion to dismiss; and (4) filing a request for discovery with the Court identifying the persons or entities on whom discovery process might be served. See Columbia Insurance Co. v. Seescandy.com, 185 F.R.D. 573, 578-80 (N.D. Cal. 1999). Plaintiff argues that this framework should be applied to the present case and on that basis, the court should allow Plaintiff to conduct limited discovery to locate and identify Defendants.
Plaintiff argues that it meets the four part test set forth above. First, the Defendants are individuals or entities who have created and operated the infringing websites in violation of federal and state laws. Second, Plaintiff tried to discover Defendants' identities by examining information in the public Whois Internet domain name database, analyzing the links to third-party websites, examining the source code of the infringing website, and trying to contact Defendants at the physical addresses listed on the Whois database information page. Third, Plaintiff has shown that Defendants have committed various trademark and service mark violations. Fourth, the limited discovery sought from the third-parties here will likely allow Plaintiff to identify and name Defendants. Based on the above, Plaintiff's request to conduct discovery regarding the identity of the defendants is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
In Plaintiff's proposed order, Plaintiff seeks document requests from two web hosting sites, including GoDaddy and Microsoft Office Live, as well as from PayPal. For the two web hosting sites, the proposed subpoena states that Zynga may obtain "all billing and account records (including all Internet domain names), server logs, website content, contact information, transaction histories and correspondence for the persons or entities that have purchased services from [pertinent hosting site name] in connection with the Internet domain names MWBLACKMARKET.COM, MAFIAWARSDIRECT.COM and MWFEXPRESS.COM."
The proposed subpoena for PayPal states that Plaintiff may obtain "all billing and account records, server logs, contact information, transaction histories and correspondence for the persons or entities that have established accounts with PayPal, Inc. using any or all of the email addresses mafiawarsblackmarket@gmail.com, mwfexpress@gmail.com, mafiawarsdirect@gmail.com, jwilliams1980@ymail.com and lmartini888@gmail.com to carry on business through the Infringing Websites."
Plaintiff states that the purpose of the limited discovery is to obtain the true identities and locations of Defendants. However, the proposed subpoenas would allow Plaintiff to not only obtain discovery regarding Defendants' identities but also discovery regarding any "person or entit[y] that ha[s] purchased services from" one of the above listed web hosting sites. ( See Docket No. 9-1.) Additionally, the subpoenas call for all server logs, website content, and other information that is linked, however remotely, to MWBLACKMARKET.COM, MAFIAWARSDIRECT.COM and/or MWFEXPRESS.COM. In order to comply with the requirements of a "limited" discovery, Plaintiff must narrow the scope of the subpoenas to only determine Defendants' true identities and locations. See FED. R. CIV. PROC. 4 (in order to effectuate service of notice, identity and location of the individual must be known); Mansoori v. Lappin, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28587 (D. Kan. Sept. 21, 2005) (citing Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388, 389 n. 1 (1971)) (identity and location of unknown defendants was needed before service was complete). To seek discovery beyond that scope exceeds the "limited" discovery allowed for in Plaintiff's stated purpose. See UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Doe, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 79087 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 2, 2008) (as part of limited discovery, third parties were contacted to obtain identity and location of unknown defendants).
Plaintiff Zynga Game Network Inc.'s Motion for Leave to Conduct Third Party Discovery is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
Denial of certain discovery is without prejudice to a renewed motion on further showing. Additionally, leave of court is required for any "follow-up" subpoenas.
Plaintiff Zynga may serve a subpoena on third-party GoDaddy.com, Inc. to produce all documents necessary to obtain the name, current and permanent addresses, telephone numbers, and valid e-mail addresses of the owner(s) of MWBLACKMARKET.COM, MAFIAWARSDIRECT.COM and MWFEXPRESS.COM, or similar information suitable for identification and location of defendants.
Plaintiff Zynga may serve a subpoena on third-party Microsoft Office Live to produce all documents necessary to obtain the name, current and permanent addresses, telephone numbers, and valid e-mail addresses of the owner(s) of MWBLACKMARKET.COM, MAFIAWARSDIRECT.COM and MWFEXPRESS.COM, or similar information suitable for identification and location of defendants.
Plaintiff Zynga may serve a subpoena on third-party PayPal, Inc. to produce all documents necessary to obtain the name, current and permanent addresses, telephone numbers, and valid e-mail addresses of the person or entities that have established accounts with PayPal, Inc. using the email addresses mafiawarsblackmarket@gmail.com, mwfexpress@gmail.com, mafiawarsdirect@gmail.com, jwilliams1980@ymail.com and lmartini888@gmail.com.


white relief on green based wine decanter. the shape is one of the very traditional turkish shapes. the original of this shape is displayed in museum and almost 4000 years old. and this is a sample with modern design on it.


The 18th century was the era of slow muzzle-loading rifles… until Patrick Ferguson came along with his revolutionary (pun intended) breech-loading mechanism. Even though it never really caught on, it paved the way for future developments. In this episode, we take a look at his amazing rifle.


The British Film Four has aired a fantastic special on "Prometheus", featuring interviews with Ridley Scott and the cast of the film. The complete featurette can be watched in the video archive.
Frederik May 31, 2012 Comment?
Lots of new video clips for "Prometheus" and its promotion have been added to the video archive – there are three official clips from the film featuring Noomi, a lengthy b-roll, two new interviews to promote the film, a segment from Entertainment Tonight, a brand new featurette with focus on Noomi's character and – last but not least – a fantastic discussion panel with Yahoo! Movies, Ridley Scott and the cast of "Prometheus". Enjoy the new clips – and check back later for coverage of today's London premiere.


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Home Columns High Expectations for Obama's Speech in Egypt
High Expectations for Obama's Speech in Egypt
Following on the heels of his meetings with a number of Middle East leaders, President Barack Obama is en route to Egypt where, on June 4th, he will deliver a much anticipated speech to the Muslim world.
Already the topic of great speculation, there are several elements that should be considered by both The President and his audience in anticipation of his remarks.
First, expectations for the speech are high, and not without justification.
Throughout his short, but extraordinary, career, Obama has displayed a penchant for taking on big issues with big speeches. He rebounded from a defeat during the Presidential primaries with a remarkable speech in New Hampshire that helped to define and infuse new hope into his campaign. When confronted with a media assault over his pastor's intemperate words, that threatened to derail his campaign, Obama responded with an inspiring speech on race, so insightful and eloquent that it will be quoted for generations.
As President, he has also taken on serious challenges with major speeches. His remarks before a joint session of Congress provided the new President the opportunity to lay out his plans to respond to the growing economic crisis. More recently, Obama travelled to Notre Dame University, the nation's premiere Catholic university, to appeal for greater civility and understanding in addressing the controversial issues of abortion and stem cell research. And when opponents persisted in deriding his decisions to ban the use of "enhanced interrogation techniques" and to close the prison facility at Guantanamo Bay, he confronted his critics directly in a speech delivered from the National Archives. With the original US Constitution and Bill of Rights as a backdrop, Obama made clear that his decisions to stop torture and indefinite imprisonment without judicial recourse were grounded in core American values derived from our Constitution.
With this background, it is reasonable for many across the Arab world to assume that Obama is coming to Cairo to deliver a "big speech." He has, after all, been planning and talking about this for over a year, since he first announced during the campaign his intention to travel abroad to speak directly to the Muslim world.
And since he is going to Cairo, at the heart of the Arab world, it is also reasonable that there are high expectations that the President will speak about the core Arab concern–"the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and not in passing. The regional context demands much more.
This introduces a second set of factors that need be considered.
President Obama's election created hope among many Arabs and Muslims, but not all. A recent poll we, at Zogby International, conducted in six Arab countries shows that in Morocco, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, Obama is viewed quite favorably, and there is appreciation for early steps he has taken to restore America's image and rebuild US-Arab relations. But in Egypt and Jordan, deep skepticism remains.
Therefore, when the President travels to Egypt, it is important to recognize that he will face a nation hardened in its negative view of the US and its role in the region, and unconvinced that this or any American President can or will change policy.
Most Egyptians still view the US unfavorably. Three-quarters give President Obama a negative job rating for his first three months in office, and the same percentage say that they do not believe that he will be "evenhanded in dealing with the Arab-Israeli conflict"–"the issue which almost 6 in 10 Egyptians say is the most critical challenge facing their region.
All this points to the steep hill which President Obama must climb as he struggles to convince a weary Egyptian and Arab public that he is committed to changing direction in the wake of failed US leadership that preceded his ascent to the Oval Office. While he might have faced a more supportive audience in the United Arab Emirates or the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is Egypt where attitudes toward America are harshest that Obama faces his greatest challenge, and it is here that the US President has chosen to deliver his speech. It is Egypt that is allied with the US, shares borders with Israel and has signed peace agreements with that state. It is in Egypt that public opinion has been the most soured by Israeli behavior (especially in the wake of the Gaza wars of 2006 and 2009), is least convinced of the prospects that a just peace can be established and of the ability of the US to be evenhanded.
All this being said, it is precisely because of the persistence of these strong negative attitudes that Obama's decision to go to Egypt was the right choice. It is there that the US President must convince skeptical Arabs that the change he promised is real. Given Egypt's sheer size and the importance of its role in the region, if President Obama can't sell his message there it may not have its desired impact anywhere.
What emerges from these considerations is the fact that despite the many domestic challenges facing this new President, he is determined to confront, head-on, a major foreign policy issue and to do so, as he did at Notre Dame, directly and dramatically. And he has chosen to do this where the audience may be the hardest to convince and where the change he has promised is most urgently sought.
This is why expectations are high and dare not be let down. This speech must be more than banal clichés ("we are not at war with Muslims") or a repetition of hollow visions. It must be bigger, more consequential and more substantial. It is a tall order, but given Obama's modus operandi, I'm counting on him to prove me right.
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Groundwork is passionate about the potential in our Young People, their contribution to our communities, place and economy.
Groundwork partners with Primary Schools, Secondary Schools and Colleges to deliver work which seeks to educate, motivate and encourage Young People to learn, develop and positively contribute to society.
We are a collaborative organisation and seek to work with partners to provide a tailored service which meets identified need.
Our environmental education builds knowledge and interest in; the environment, open spaces providing motivation and knowledge to support positive life style choices. Curriculum linked topics can include forest schools, food growing and gardening clubs through the use of outdoor classrooms directly to pupils and / or to support development with your teaching and support staff.
The move to secondary school is a key point of transition in a Young Person's life. For some this can be a more complex issue and a proactive and positive approach to support transition is money and time well invested. Through our Summer Schools and Extended Schools programmes we offer a personalised approach to primary and secondary schools partners.


It may not seem like the line of work that needs to think about internet security, but there is a set of graphic designers out there that need to consider how safe their Web browsing sessions are when searching for material or ideas. If you are a graphic designer that regularly reads dizplays.com, then you may know that your graphics designs could be target material for hackers that have a use for the work that you do.
One of the best moves my old IT boss ever made was to hire a graphic designer to help us map out our entire IT network. This was a network that spread across 6 office across the UK, 1 in New York, 1 in Los Angeles, and 1 office in Bulgaria. Also connected to this network were partners and customers.
The result was a clear map of our network. We knew exactly which piece of network hardware was where. Where central storage was, offsite disaster recovery syncs, and so on. It was so useful that we also used the same graphic designer to map out many of our customer networks in an attractive IT map.
You can imagine our customers' reactions when we revealed an easy to understand/follow diagram of their network. No more confusion and identifiable areas where the customer can ask questions. Also, where upgrades and expansion of hardware were needed, the IT map graphic made the customer feel that their investment was more tangible and as such money well spent.
Luckily, we had a digital document control team who made these files sensitive as soon as they reviewed them. Therefore, cybersecurity measures were put in place to ensure the files were secure.
However, now you can imagine if the graphic designer that we hired was surfing the Web on unsecured Wi-Fi networks and downloading any old file onto his/her computer. All it needs is for this kind of behavior to lead to just one successful hack. A cyber intruder could gain access to the hard drive and access to sensitive files such as the graphics that depicted our and our customers' IT networks.
Any graphic designers out there that deals with sensitive business graphics should consider using a VPN when using their laptop/Mac on a public WiFi network. Check out Meilleur VPN to research your options.
There are plenty of freelance jobs out there that require a graphic designer. However, most of these jobs will require that you have access to a VPN with multiple country locations. At the very least, the VPN should allow you access to servers in the countries your customers reside.
There are plenty of Facebook business pages, other social media business pages, as well as websites that require you to access their servers from within their country. Having a VPN will help you get around these restrictions rather than having to turn down the work because you are unable to access their geo-restricted servers.
Other reasons you may want to use a VPN is to sign up to websites where you can get free graphics, but only if you reside in a certain country.
For of you that want to keep your files, designs, and files safe, then consider researching meilleurs vpn and secure your personal IT system.