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Крутого́рье — село Падовского сельсовета Липецкого района Липецкой области.

Расположено на правом берегу Воронежа при впадении в него реки Белый Колодезь. На противоположном берегу Белоколодезя расположено село Пады.

История
Селение возникло в начале XVII века (или раньше) на возвышенном мысу при впадении речки Белый колодезь в реку Воронеж. Первоначально получило имя по реке — Бе́лый Коло́дезь.

Село Белый Колодезь упоминается впервые в 1613 г., как принадлежащее помещику Язвецову. В селе имеется церковь во имя Богоявления Господа, с приделом Ивана Предтечи, деревянная. Церковной пахотной земли тридцать четвертей и сенокосов по обе стороны реки Бело-Колодезя вдвое больше. Помещичьей и крестьянской земли двадцать четвертей, да дикого поля восемьдесят четвертей. Кроме того, помещик Иван Иванович Язвецов примерил себе лишних земли и пашни двести четвертей. Грамотой царя Михаила Фёдоровича, с припиской дьяка Герасима Мартемьянова, та примеренная земля отдана ему же Ивану Язвецову в его имение. Всего за ним, на реке Воронеж поместья старого и нового, что ему дано по Государевой грамоте, примеренная земля, триста четвертей в поле по обе стороны реки Бела-Колодезя, да по обе стороны реки Грязной шестьсот четвертей. А также лес большой строевой и дровяной вниз по реке Воронеж и рыбные ловли. В 1648 году крестьяне из села Белого Колодезя переведены в положение поселённых драгун.

В 1663 году драгуны сёл Белый Колодезь и Грязное завершили здесь сооружение укреплённого городка, который стал одним из опорных пунктов на Белгородской черте; он получил название Белоколо́дск.  Город Белоколодск существовал с марта 1663 года по 21 октября 1721 года.

К концу XVII столетия Белоколодск был весьма укреплённым городом. В 1779 г. Белоколодск обращён в слободу Падовскую Задонского уезда Воронежской губернии. Город с острогом Белоколодск утратил военное значение.

Население

Достопримечательности
В окрестностях Белоколодска располагался Белоколодский Спасо-Преображенский монастырь.

Литература
 Энциклопедический словарь. Под редакцией профессора И. Е. Андреевского, К. К. Арсеньева и заслуженного профессора Петрушевскаго. Издатели Ф. А. Брокгауз (Лейпциг) и И. А. Ефрон (С.-Петербург). 1890—1907. Белоколодск (слобода Падовская).
 Градостроительство Московского государства XVI—XVII веков. Под общей редакцией Н. Ф. Гуляницкого. Москва. 1994.
 Энциклопедический словарь. Под редакцией профессора И. Е. Андреевского, К. К. Арсеньева и заслуженного профессора Петрушевскаго. Коротояк, уездн. г. Воронежской губ.
 Энциклопедический словарь. Под редакцией профессора И. Е. Андреевского, К. К. Арсеньева и заслуженного профессора Петрушевского. Верхососенск.
 Энциклопедический словарь. Под редакцией профессора И. Е. Андреевского, К. К. Арсеньева и заслуженного профессора Петрушевского. Задонские степи.
 Липецкая топонимия. — Воронеж: Центрально-Чернозёмное книжное издательство. В. А. Прохоров. 1981. Крутогорье.
 Кириллов И. К. Цветущее состояние Всероссийского государства. Москва. 1997 г.
 Материалы для истории Воронежской и соседних губерний. Воронежские писцовые книги. "Список с Воронежских книг письма и дозору Григория Киреевского
 Энциклопедический словарь. Под редакцией профессора И. Е. Андреевского, К. К. Арсеньева и заслуженного профессора Петрушевского. Задонск.

Ссылки
 Сайт Архивы России. Книги Белгородского стола 1625—1737. ОДиБ, Кн. 10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180324010543/http://guides.rusarchives.ru/browse/guidebook.html?bid=147&sid=1142197
 Логинов Алексей. Крепость Белоколодск: современные Пады. http://loginov-lip.livejournal.com/782941.html
 Единая и неделимая http://www.edinainedelima.ru/russkoe-carstvo/naselennye-punkty/belokolodsk-gorod-russkoe-carstvo/

Примечания

Населённые пункты Липецкого района
Города Белгородской черты
Населённые пункты России, утратившие статус города


Social PR Secret: Instagram expert Sue Zimmerman uses FaceTime video to take one-on-one calls after large Facebook Live events. The result? It works to close deals.
"This year's INBOUND encouraged me to get more in tune with that voice deep within that knows when things align (or don't); to take more risks and stop waiting for outside permission; to think more about the stories I tell, and how I tell them; and that I'm so much more knowledgeable than I give myself credit for," said social media strategist Christine Gritmon.


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Merna
Top Merna Adoption Lawyers - Illinois
Nearby Cities: Bloomington, Normal, Clinton, Pontiac, Mahomet
Stange Law Firm, P.C.
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At Hayes & Sarff, P.C., we are a family-run legal team. As family ourselves, we understand just how important family is. We work to find resolutions to the legal challenges you are facing in a way that preserves the rights and best interests for you and your family. We are located in Pekin, Illinois, and serve those throughout the nearby communities. Our law firm takes on a wide range of...
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Barber, Segatto, Hoffee, Wilke & Cate
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Law Office of Gary E. Kerr Ltd
Springfield lawyer Gary E. Kerr, of the Law Office of Gary E. Kerr Ltd, is committed to providing clients dynamic, strategic representation in a number of fields, including school law, business, real estate, estate planning and family law. He has successfully represented individuals, members of the education community, and owners of for-profit and not-for-profit businesses in administrative...
Linder Law Office
Your Top Choice For Social Security Disability, Bankruptcy, Divorce Serving clients throughout DuPage County and the West Chicago metro region from our law office in Wheaton, Illinois, the legal professionals at the Linder Law Office are here to help you and your family with your serious legal issues. Widely regarded as one of the top law firms in the region, our boutique practice focuses...
Feldman, Wasser, Draper & Cox
Attorney Howard W. Feldman originally established our Springfield law firm, Feldman Wasser, as a sole proprietorship, and it grew into a partnership when attorney Stanley N. Wasser joined the practice. Today, we are home to a total of nine lawyers with decades of combined legal experience who proudly provide a wide range of legal services to both individuals and business clients in Sangamon County...
Harvatin Law Offices
Theodore J. (Ted) Harvatin grew up in Rochester, Illinois, a farming and bedroom community near Springfield. His mother was from Benton, Illinois, where her parents, who emigrated from Macedonia (the former Yugoslavia), started and ran a bakery for 40 years. Ted's father, who was an electrical engineer at Illinois Bell Telephone, grew up in Sesser, Illinois. Ted's dad's parents...
Kopec, White & Spooner
Kopec, White & Spooner is a full-service law firm in Springfield, Illinois, with attorneys providing counsel and representation across a broad spectrum of practice areas, including: family law, divorce, child custody; business law, corporations, LLC's, contracts, sale or purchase of stock or assets of a business; franchise law; estate planning, wills, trusts, business succession planning;...
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Smartphone Malware Leads to Calls for African Tech Independence
World OutlookDepartments
ADF STAFF
Cyber security experts say Africa's top smartphone brand has sold tens of thousands of phones loaded with malicious software. The phones drain users' data, sign them up for subscription services without their knowledge, and make them unwilling accomplices in fraudulent ad schemes.
The Triada malware turned up on Chinese-made Tecno W2 smartphones in Ethiopia, Cameroon, Ghana and South Africa, according to a report. Triada uses a hard-to-remove program known as x-Helper to do its dirty work, experts say.
In addition to creating fake subscriptions, the malware generates fake clicks on banner ads in the background of sites that made millions of dollars for cyber criminals by defrauding advertisers with fake impressions.
"The fact that the malware arrives preinstalled on handsets that are bought in the millions by typically low-income households tells you everything you need to know about what the industry is currently up against," said Geoffrey Cleaves, managing director of Secure-D, an anti-fraud platform that studied the problem, according to CNN.
"This particular threat takes advantage of those most vulnerable," Cleaves added.
This is not the first time Africans have found themselves dealing with suspicious behavior by technology originating in China.
In 2017, African Union officials discovered that for five years the computer servers — made and installed as a gift by the Chinese government — had been transferring reams of data every night from the AU's headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to servers in Shanghai. By 2018, the AU had replaced the servers, refusing China's offer to help configure them.
Still, many African nations have been slow to act on cyber security.
A 2018 study by the AU found that only eight countries reported having a national cyber security strategy. Only 14 had laws protecting citizens' personal data online. The same report found that African nations were the source of hundreds of thousands of cyber attacks around the globe each year.
In 2014, the AU adopted its Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection to build a legal foundation for protecting citizens online. The AU launched its 10-member Cyber Security Expert Group in December 2019 to advise union leaders on how best to address online security threats.
The Expert Group's chairman, Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola of Nigeria, said the Tecno security breach is a wake-up call. He believes African nations must develop their own capacities for encryption and data security to protect their citizens.
"Africa must initiate and sustain capacity development of people, processes and technology," he told ADF in an email. "We must encourage and facilitate the private sector as the prime driver of technology development and deployment while governments ensure fair play, equity and regulatory compliance."
Clinic Offers Hope to Victims of Extremist Violence in Burkina Faso
Pandemic Origin Investigation Focuses on Wuhan Lab


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Standart Issue 25
Standart, a coffee magazine.
"I remember the moment we grabbed the very first Standart fresh off the press. It's been almost five years since we stopped at the printer on our way to the launch party in Berlin to pick up those precious copies. There was a snowstorm outside; we were running late.
We quickly shovelled some magazines in to the trunk of my car— the engine still running—and were en route. (As you'd imagine, water and snow are not friends of paper.)
Sitting on the back seat, my colleagues were anxiously flipping through the pages of our international issue for the first time, looking for typos (they found a bazillion of them). Stuck in traffic, we were guessing nervously what the world would say to Standart. It was by saying out loud to people what do I do for a living—publishing an independent print magazine dedicated to the beauty of specialty coffee culture—that I realised how ridiculous it sounded.
Yet, it resonated.
Since our debut in 2015, we have managed to grow Standart into a fully remote company, with its team spread out over Japan, The Netherlands, Russia, Georgia, Slovakia and England."


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Wisconsin Badgers 2019 Early Signing Day Breakdown: Defensive Tackle
Badgers Recruiting
Believe it or not, national signing day is here and the fax machines were buzzing early on Dec. 19th.
For many kids it is the time they finally get to do what they've wanted to do for months, if not years. Yes, they'll officially be able to call themselves Wisconsin Badgers.
It's 9:30am and believe it or not the biggest names UW had verbally committed to the program have already made it official. All the speculation and last-minute wringing of hands can cool off now.
We'll continue to break down the class that just signed as we've done leading up to signing day.
Previous Positions: QB | DE | RB | CB |WR |
Up today is a look at a position that saw injury and youth on the recruiting trail really devastate the group — defensive tackle.
UW Needs: 2
UW Commits: 3
Signed Early: Rodas Johnson, Gio Paez, Keenau Benton
With Olive Sagapolu graduating after this season and only one true nose guard/defensive tackle on the roster (Bryson Williams), this group was going to have more than one player in it.
In Benton, Johnson and Paez, the Badgers continue the trend they set with Williams — mainly concentrating on athleticism for the inside of the defensive line.
Biggest Get: Rodas Johnson
Getting a big time player at this position was a premium for the Badgers. Doing so right in Ohio State's backyard…well that was just icing on the cake.
Wisconsin beat out the likes of Michigan and Penn State down the stretch of his recruitment and that was huge.
Johnson comes to the Badgers as the No. 29 ranked defensive tackle in the class and on film he shows potential to be a dominating force on the inside. At the very least, he's got a college-ready body and can be the immediate back up to Williams.
Biggest Miss: Isiah Gibson
While the Badgers are happy with the three players they got, UW also was very heavily involved in the race for Gibson's pledge. In the end it came down to the Badgers and Kentucky, with the Ohio native choosing to stay closer to home.
It also would've been interesting if Benton or more likely, Paez, would've even been in the mix had Gibson chosen Wisconsin.
Biggest Target Still Out There: None
UW has finished up its class and there are no expected signings at the position.
What to Expect From This Group: Athleticism
For all the talk of the size of Olive Sagapolu, the biggest lesson is that athleticism really matters on the inside. The ability to take on a double team or eat up space doesn't just mean you're a big man. It means you have the strength and athletic ability to get the job done.
When watching film on all three of UW's signees, it's clear that they all are athletes with big frames to work with. The more athletes along the line, the better UW's linebackers look as well.
This will be a transformative group of inside players for Wisconsin's defense.
Related Topics:Gio PaezKeeanu BentonRodas JohnsonWisconsin Badgers
Wisconsin Badgers 2019 Early Signing Day Breakdown: Tight End
Wisconsin Badgers 2019 Early Signing Day Breakdown: Wide Receiver
Wisconsin Badgers 2019 Early Signing Day Preview: Defensive End
Badgers add pair of defensive recruits following weekend visits
Badgers add in-state DT to 2019 recruiting class
Acker becomes Badgers 2nd 2021 football commit
It didn't take long for the Wisconsin Badgers to know that local product Jackson Acker was a kid they wanted. It also didn't take Acker long to know he wanted to play for the Badgers.
Shortly after earning an offer at camp this weekend, the Verona running back pledged to the Badgers.
In doing so, he became the second commit in the 2021 class and the second in-state product to make his verbal pledge to the Badgers following in the footsteps of JP Benzschawel.
According to Badger247, Acker was timed at 4.63 in the 40-yard dash at camp and comes in at 6-1 and 214 pounds after his sophomore season.
Acker ran for 528 yards and seven touchdowns in his sophomore season as well.
Given UW's history at running back, this type of an early offer indicates the coaching staff seeing something big time in the player.
You can see that on his film, as he not only uses his speed, but has a big time ability to find creases and get up field quickly when he does find him.
Perhaps the most impressive thing on film is what he does in 1-on-1 situations. Instead of slowing down to try something fancy, Acker just punishes the defender and that is something the Badgers coaching staff loves.
You can see the old-school, bruising back that the Badgers have really missed as of late in him. It could be a nice thunder-and-lightning combination at work here with Acker in the fold.
It also means that the Badgers are likely looking for a pair of running backs in the 2021 class, because they are hard after some of the bigger names as well.
No matter what happens, clearly this coaching staff wasn't afraid to offer the in-state product and take the chance of having him commit. That's a strong belief in what they saw in person over limited tape so far to say the least.
Badgers add in-state DE to 2020 class
Sometimes patience and hard work pay off. Such was the case for in-state defensive end Cade McDonald.
After an impressive showing at the Badgers camp this past weekend, the Hudson, Wis. native picked up an offer from the home state team. It took just a few days for McDonald to return the love and announce his commitment to the program.
On Monday, he made things official and became commitment No. 8 in the 2020 class for the Badgers according to Badger247.
Wisconsin was the only FBS offer for McDonald at the time of his commitment. Other schools that were after him included FCS schools like Illinois State, North Dakota and South Dakota.
The Badgers now have the No. 24 ranked class in the 2020 recruiting cycle per 247Sports team rankings.
McDonald becomes just the second defensive player to commit in this class as well, joining fellow in-state product Cole Dakovich on that side of the ball.
Overall, McDonald is a 2-star recruit and the No. 98 ranked defensive end in the country per 247Sports rankings.
Badgers get commitment from 2020 OLB Cole Dakovich
The 209 football recruiting cycle hasn't technically ended and already things are heating up quickly for the 2020 Wisconsin Badgers recruiting class.
A day after accepting a verbal pledge from in-state wide receiver Chimere Dike, the Badgers now have their 6th member of the 2020 class with Waukesha (Wis.) Catholic outside linebacker Cole Dakovich announcing his pledge on Twitter on Friday morning.
#OnWisconsin 🔴⚪ pic.twitter.com/1MihKC7V6b
— Cole Dakovich (@cdakovich) January 25, 2019
This was another quick recruiting life cycle, as UW offered on Saturday during their first junior day and Dakovich jumped on the offer a week later.
He is another under the radar recruit, with the Badgers offer being his only to date. However, that is more likely because Dakovich has played only one year of football since the 7th grade and it was a productive year at that.
In his first year back to playing football, Dakovich racked up 105 tackles, 18 for loss, 2.0 sacks, two interceptions, and three forced fumbles. He also had 16 receptions for 150 yards and a touchdown on the offensive side of the ball.
Wisconsin has a long and storied history of identifying these types of prospects and having them turn out well over their time in Madison.
He is not ranked by any of the scouting services out there, that's how little football he has played to date.
The Badgers are now 11th nationally in the 2020 team recruiting rankings after some movement around the country yesterday.
In-state 2020 WR picks Badgers
Just a month after the Wisconsin Badgers got the 2019 football class signed, they got their fifth verbal pledge to their 2020 class.
Following an offer at junior day on Saturday, Waukesha (Wis.) West wide receiver Chimere Dike jumped at the chance to follow the team he's been a fan of all of his life.
staying home👐🏽 #committed pic.twitter.com/VfUK6W6aVf
— Chimere Dike (@chimdk11) January 25, 2019
Getting this commitment gives UW five players in the mix, but also their first non-offensive lineman commit in the class.
Dike is also the fourth player to commit from in-state in the class, joining 4-star offensive linemen Trey Wedig and Jack Nelson as well as 3-star offensive lineman Ben Barten.
Wisconsin is getting a player they found early in his football playing days and only competed with Iowa State for a scholarship offer to date.
This past season Dike caught 79 passes for 1,091 yards and 12 touchdowns. At 6-1, 170 pounds, Dike gives UW a nice frame to work with and his production says there is potential here.
It has led to him being rated a 3-star prospect by 247sports and the No. 6 ranked player in the state. He's also the No. 99 ranked wide receiver in the 2020 class.
Wisconsin had him near the top of their board and getting him to verbally commit this quickly has to make the coaching staff very happy.
It also means the Badgers continue to keep a very high national ranking for this class. Wisconsin is ranked No. 10 in the country and No. 2 in the Big Ten right now. They also have a crazy .890 average player rating for the class so far.


Heather is wearing the vintage inspired Baudelaire Dress. A mini dress with 3/4ths sleeves perfect for Autumn with its bow and lavender flowers. It's versatile and can double as a dress to wear to work or at a dinner party or more.


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Photos: BCS National Championship Game
Alabama Crimson Tide cheerleaders celebrate after Alabama defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Chris Keane
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Head coach Nick Saban of the Alabama Crimson Tide celebrates with the trophy after defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. Alabama won the game by a score of 42-14. (Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images)
Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback AJ McCarron celebrates with the trophy after his team defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Chris Keane
Alabama Crimson Tide running back Eddie Lacy holds the trophy after his team defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: The mascot and cheerleaders of the Alabama Crimson Tide celebrate after defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish by a score of 42-14 to win the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images)
Alabama Crimson Tide cheerleaders perform during the NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
Alabama defensive lineman Alphonse Taylor (50) holds up a newspaper after the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. Alabama won 42-14. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Alabama Crimson Tide head coach Nick Saban is doused with Gatorade after his team defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Chris Keane
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: AJ McCarron #10 of the Alabama Crimson Tide celebrates after defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish by a score of 42-14 to win the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Head coach Nick Saban (L) of the Alabama Crimson Tide and head coach Jim Kelly of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish shake hands after the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. Alabama won the game by a score of 42-14. (Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images)
Notre Dame quarterback Everett Golson (5) runs past Alabama's Xzavier Dickson (47) and Trey DePriest (33) for a touchdown during the second half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)
Notre Dame's Tyler Eifert (80) catches a pass in front of Alabama's Ha'Sean Clinton-Dix (6) during the second half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Alabama's Eddie Lacy (42) runs past Notre Dame cornerback KeiVarae Russell during the second half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/John Bazemore)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Fans of the Alabama Crimson Tide cheers as Everett Golson #5 of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish lines up behind center during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Blake Sims #6 of the Alabama Crimson Tide intercepts a pass intended for DaVaris Daniels #10 of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the third quarter of the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Amari Cooper #9 of the Alabama Crimson Tide runs with ball on his way to scoring a touchdown in the third quarter against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
Alabama's Eddie Lacy runs during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Alabama's Dee Milliner (28) breaks up a pass intended for Notre Dame's DaVaris Daniels during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Alabama Crimson Tide running back Eddie Lacy (42) scores a touchdown past Notre Dame Fighting Irish safety Zeke Motta and cornerback Bennett Jackson (2) during the second quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama's AJ McCarron celebrates during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Alabama Crimson Tide's Michael Williams (L) catches a touchdown pass next to Notre Dame Fighting Irish Zeke Motta (R) in the first quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
Notre Dame Fighting Irish quarterback Everett Golson is grabbed by Alabama Crimson Tide defensive back Vinnie Sunseri during the second quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Notre Dame head coach Brian Kelly talks to Robby Toma during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Alabama Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Alabama wide receiver Amari Cooper can't quite come up with a reception during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Notre Dame Fighting Irish quarterback Everett Golson throws under pressure from the Alabama Crimson Tide in the first quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Davonte' Neal #19 of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish fights for a loose ball after muffing the punt against Landon Collins #26 of the Alabama Crimson Tide in the second quarter against the Alabama Crimson Tide during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Davonte' Neal #19 of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish muffs a punt in the second quarter against the Alabama Crimson Tide during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Landon Collins #26 of the Alabama Crimson Tide and Jeoffrey Pagan #8 celebrate after pinning the Notre Dame Fighting Irish deep in their own territory during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Everett Golson #5 of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish sits undering center against the Alabama Crimson Tide during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
Alabama's Kevin Norwood (83)catches a pass in front of Notre Dame's Bennett Jackson (2) and Matthias Farley (41) during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Notre Dame head coach Brian Kelly argues a call during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Alabama Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/John Bazemore)
Alabama's C.J. Mosley (32) takes down Notre Dame's Theo Riddick (6) during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
The Alabama Crimson Tide band and cheerleaders perform during the first quarter of the NCAA National Championship college football game against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: T.J. Yeldon #4 of the Alabama Crimson Tide scores a second quarter touchdown against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
A member of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish band has his kilt blow up before the start of the NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
Alabama Crimson Tide's Eddie Lacy (C) celebrates with teammates Kevin Norwood (R) and Jerrod Bierbower (L) after scoring a touchdown against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the first quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
Alabama Crimson Tide's Eddie Lacy (C) celebrates after scoring a touchdown against the Notre Dame Fighting in the first quarter of their NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
Alabama's Eddie Lacy (42) breaks away for a touchdown run during the first half of the BCS National Championship college football game against Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Eddie Lacy #42 of the Alabama Crimson Tide reacts after running for a touchdown in the first quarter against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: AJ McCarron #10 of the Alabama Crimson Tide lines up under his center Barrett Jones #75 against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish during the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
Alabama Crimson Tide head coach Nick Saban takes the field to face the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA BCS National Championship college football game in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Jeff Haynes
An Alabama Crimson Tide cheerleader performs ahead of the start of the NCAA National Championship college football game against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida, January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Chris Keane
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: Fans of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish looks on prior to the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)
Brian Dawes of Decatur, Ala., makes his way to Sun Life Stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama and the Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
Ron Bokon of South Bend, Ind., makes his way to Sun Life Stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama and the Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Notre Dame fans make their way to Sun Life Stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game against Alabama Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
An Alabama Crimson Tide fan shows his outfit outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
A Notre Dame Fighting Irish fan dressed as a leprechaun high-fives another fan outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Adam Soisson, a freshman at Notre Dame University, stands dressed in a costume outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama Crimson Tide fans wear Roll Tide shirts outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
A Notre Dame Fighting Irish fan dressed in a costume, stands outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama Crimson Tide cheerleaders stand outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama Crimson Tide fans wear elephant hats outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama Crimson Tide cheerleaders walk outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
An Alabama Crimson Tide fan walks outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Alabama Crimson Tide band members walk outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Notre Dame Fighting Irish fans dressed in costumes stand outside the Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Robin Albano of Decatur, Ala., shows off his rings outside Sun Life Stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama and the Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/Chris O'Meara)
An Alabama Crimson Tide fan wears tassels on her cowboy boots outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between Alabama and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
A Notre Dame Fighting Irish fan dressed in a vintage football helmet stands outside Sun Life stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in Miami, Florida January 7, 2013. REUTERS/Mike Segar
MIAMI GARDENS, FL - JANUARY 07: An Alabama fan smiles before the 2013 Discover BCS National Championship game between the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish at Sun Life Stadium on January 7, 2013 in Miami Gardens, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
Kevin O'Sullivan poses outside Sun Life Stadium before the BCS National Championship college football game between the Alabama and the Notre Dame Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, in Miami. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Categories: College Sports, Sports, Syndicated


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Home Uncategorized The 5 Oldest Functioning Machines Across The Globe
The 5 Oldest Functioning Machines Across The Globe
Technology is advancing at such a pace we can hardly keep up with it. It seems like every day brings something new to the table.
Looking back through time, some machines no older than 20 years may look like something invented hundreds of years ago. Let's see how it all started and how the pioneering technology made its baby steps.
1. World's Oldest Operating Computer
Functioning Since 1958
Japan's Ikeda Memorial Hall houses the FACOM 128B which was constructed in 1958 and still functions to this day! It has undergone a few minor improvements through the years to keep it working, but it still has the very same core system that it started in 1958.
The FACOM takes up 700 feet of floor area and possesses less calculating capacity than a modern calculator. This year will be the computer's 60th year of functionality.
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2. World's Oldest Lightbulb
Operating Since 1901
The world's oldest light bulb has been providing illumination for 115 years – no wonder it has a fan club with thousands of members and its very own website. The so-called 'Centennial Light' has been on since 1901. It is the pride of Fire Station 6 in Livermore, northern California.
The longest period the Guinness World Record-holding bulb has ever been switched off for was a mere week. Hanging over the fire engines, folks come from hundreds and maybe thousands of miles to check out the tiny legend. The bulb was made by Adolphe Chailet, who was a rival to the iconic Thomas Edison in creating the best light bulb.
3. World's Oldest Vacuum Cleaner
This machine continues to "suck" after 112 years. Owned by Harry Cox, this is the oldest identified functioning vacuum cleaner. Cox recovered the cleaner as well as some of its parts from a skip at work just before it went to the garbage dump site. He stated, "There was a walk-in skip at the factory and I rescued it." The 53 year-old-cox is not even half the age of his 1904 American Sturtevant vacuum cleaner No.4.
Regardless of his passion for aged machines, his wife Jacqueline is not too impressed with the noisy, hefty vintage machine, and would rather clean up their three-bed semi in Timperley, England, with a more modern model.
Read more: Unusual Places in Spain
4. World's Oldest Television
For £5,000 it's likely that you anticipated a bigger, slimmer screen. However, this TV is actually loaded with 81 years of broadcasting history – and you can still connect it to a Freeview box. Built in 1936, the Marconi type-702 is the oldest functioning TV set in Britain. It had been purchased for under £100 just 3 weeks after the beginning of transmissions in Britain. No remote was needed for this big old box – it only had one channel that transmitted for two hours every day.
The 81-year-old set includes a 12-in. display confined in a walnut and mahogany casing, with the image mirrored for the audience to look into. The TV now has a pre-sale appraisal of £5,000, but analysts at Bonhams expect the item to fetch a lot more given time. It cost Mr. Davis £99 and 15 shillings – over half the yearly typical salary at the time and also equal to nearly £4,000 today. Its serial number is H1007. Since it is believed that the series started at 1,000, this model would be nr. 7.
5. World's Oldest Humanoid Robot
Constructed In 1950
He didn't possess any intelligence, and he moved with a slow, lumbering shuffle on heavy, steel feet. Nonetheless, one of Britain's very first humanoid robots, originally created just after World War II, has been given a whole new lease on life after being fished out of someone's garage 45 years since its initial construction.
Ex-spy catcher and RAF officer Tony Sale, 79, constructed the extraordinary 6 ft tall robot, known as George, in 1950, for about $20. He made use of scrap metal from a broken up Wellington bomber plane. At the time, Mr. Sale was just 19 years old, and his remarkable man-sized design, which could walk and 'talk,' amazed the entire world.
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Salary for a Professor of Economics
by Samantha Ley
Economics professors lecture and research at postsecondary educational institutions.
1 Annual Salary for a Research Professor
2 Salary of a Mathematics Professor
3 Salary of a Math Instructor at a Private College
4 How Much Does a Philosophy Professor Make in a Year?
Economic professors teach students and conduct research at colleges and universities. They usually need a doctoral degree to teach at a four-year university, though they can teach at two-year colleges with only a master's. It typically takes four to six years to earn a doctorate, which includes completing coursework and researching and writing an original dissertation. You might have the chance to gain teaching experience as a graduate assistant while in school, which can help you when you're applying for positions as a professor after graduation.
National Salaries
Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics show that in May 2011, postsecondary economics teachers earned an average annual salary of $94,450. The middle 50 percent of this group earned between $61,150 and $114,840 a year. Postsecondary economics professors were employed primarily by colleges, universities, professional schools or junior colleges. They earned more at colleges, universities and professional schools ($99,360 on average) than at junior colleges ($71,040 on average).
Salaries by State
Among the states, Rhode Island was where economics professors earned the highest average salary, at $129,040 a year. Other top-earning states on average were Arizona, at an average of $124,070 a year; Massachusetts, at $119,810; New Hampshire, at $119,630; and New Jersey, at $116,860. Massachusetts also had one of the highest employment levels and highest concentrations of employment for postsecondary economics professors.
Salaries by Area
Economics professors earned the most in the metro area of Rochester, N.Y., taking in an average of $146,020 a year. They earned similarly high salaries in the Boston area, at $144,200 per year; Providence, R.I., at $129,040; and Baltimore area, at $124,730. The top-paying rural area of the country was the northwestern Virginia nonmetropolitan area, where professors earned an average of $98,130 per year.
Salaries by Institution and Position
The American Economic Association reports that in 2006-2007, senior assistant economics professors teaching at Ph.D.-granting institutions earned $95,995 a year on average. Those with the same title earned $80,167 on average at institutions that granted B.A. or M.A. degrees. Associate professors with tenure earned $128,600 on average at schools that awarded Ph.D.s, while these professors earned $82,333 at schools awarding lower degrees. Full professors earned the most of the three categories, averaging $204,800 a year at Ph.D. institutions and $97,500 at B.A. or M.A. institutions.
2018 Salary Information for Postsecondary Teachers
Postsecondary teachers earned a median annual salary of $78,470 in May 2018, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. On the low end, postsecondary teachers earned a 10th percentile salary of $54,710, meaning 90 percent earned more than this amount. The 90th percentile salary is $114,710, meaning 10 percent earn more. In 2018, 1,350,700 people were employed in the U.S. as postsecondary teachers.
The American Economic Association: Careers
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
Davidson College: Econ Grad School
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Postsecondary Teachers
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook Handbook: Postsecondary Teachers
Career Trend: Postsecondary Teachers
Samantha Ley writes career and education articles for various online publications. She also works in social media management and creates test materials and other educational content for various companies. Ley holds a B.A. in English and Spanish from Kenyon College and an M.Ed. from the University of Virginia.
Ley, Samantha. "Salary for a Professor of Economics." Work - Chron.com, http://work.chron.com/salary-professor-economics-6401.html. Accessed 20 January 2020.
Ley, Samantha. (n.d.). Salary for a Professor of Economics. Work - Chron.com. Retrieved from http://work.chron.com/salary-professor-economics-6401.html
Ley, Samantha. "Salary for a Professor of Economics" accessed January 20, 2020. http://work.chron.com/salary-professor-economics-6401.html
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See, I think I figured out the problem. I am an assembly guru. If it can be put together then I can put it together. If it can be fixed then I can fix it. Of course I don't like the idea of getting paid to fix someone's brakes because I think it is beneath me to do that as a job. But bring me some brakes that need fixing and I will jump on it like a blue haired old lady at the J.J. Newberry's discount soup bin. But if you pay me for it then I have become a brake whore, and I am no one's brake whore.
So it is just a philosophical problem that keeps me adrift.
Anyway, the goal is to do what I love and what I enjoy and NOT feel like a mercenary. If this sounds crazy it is because you probably assimilated into the culture and I obviously did not. Portsmouth public schools tried very hard for 12 years to create a functioning clone but they failed.
So, I look for work and here are two jobs that I like. One is a parts dismantler...something that allows me the opportunity to NEVER CARE IF I STRIP A BOLT. The other job is assembling medical devices in a clean room. That means free of dust. What I like about the medical assembly job is the number of patents they have pending. If I'm going to have a "career" it will be in an expanding field. Something without limits. They will take one look at me and send me away. It reminds me of another job I applied for in Santa Monica. It was a chemical warfare sensor that detects trace amounts of biological shrapnel. Also a clean room. The guys were all engineers but they didn't have time to do the actual assembly on semi-mass produced products. (Each unit took two months to build) That's where I would come in. I looked it all over and saw that it was my element. Probably a $60,000 a year job with benefits. They wanted me to create an order of operations manual and repair manual. All of this is right up my alley.
"Would you call yourself a perfectionist?"
When it comes to electro-mechanical stuff I get obsessed.
So I meet the inventor, an Indian man, candidate for the nobel prize. He just looks at me. Studies my eyes and I know what he is going to see in them.
"What do you want to be doing in ten years?" he asks.
"But this is a very hard occupation to make a living."
"I know, but when I work then I don't write. I pretend I will write after work, but I don't. There is always something else to do."
"When I was young," he says, "I wanted to be a painter. Like my hero Van Gogh. I could be poor and paint or I could study engineering like another hero of mine, Leonardo DaVinci. I am happy with my choice."
"All day long I think about writing. But I happen to be an expert assembler and I need money."
"That is not good enough," he said.
And so we parted ways. I expect they will ask me the same thing at Salient Surgical Technologies. Only now I will say that I want to play Jazz guitar in ten years. But really, I do not think ten years in advance. I know that if I do not play guitar TODAY then I'm not going to play guitar ten years from now. And if I take this job then exactly when am I going to play guitar? Or write? Or make music videos for local bands. Or make stained glass? None of that will happen. I will make surgical instruments. And I will get paid.
You can say that at least it is medical technology, and not biological warfare detection, but really does it matter? Both jobs pay the same amount. But one is clean and the other is dirty. I wonder if Van Gogh ever applied for a job as a furniture painter and the master painter asked him what he planned to do in ten years. And Van Gogh, insane, sweating, knew that he would probably be dead in ten years and walked out the door. VG died when he was 37. That is one year younger than me. He shot himself though, so that made it easier for him to predict. He didn't start painting until his twenties and the works that we all know him by are mostly from the last few years of his life. I imagine he passed up quite a few paying gigs when he was 35 years old. He was living in a country that is mostly below sea level. That's gotta unnerve you after a while.
This isn't about comparing me to Van Gogh. I only want to expose and define my self-destructive habits. It's an old story.
When people say, "Oggy, you could do anything you want." they really mean, "Oggy, you could assemble microscopic surgical devices and eventually forget you ever wanted to play guitar or write screenplays."
It's economics. One of them pays $12 an hour and the other, if you are lucky, gets you admired after you die.
Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. is a 220+ person rapidly growing medical technology company that develops and markets innovative Advanced Energy surgical products based on our proprietary Transcollation™ technology to improve patient outcomes in a wide range of surgical procedures. Our Transcollation™ technology transforms collagen at the molecular level, which when applied to blood vessels, creates a permanent mechanical seal. This permanent seal 1) improves surgeons' visualization – a key to MIS surgery; 2) significantly improves patients' post-operative hemoglobin levels which in turn speeds recovery and reduces the need for blood transfusions.
Over 300,000 patients have been treated with our devices to improve post-op hemoglobin levels and reduce blood loss in surgical oncology, orthopaedic reconstruction (hip and knee replacements) and instrumented spine procedures (fusions).
Developing advanced energy products that deliver high clinical and economic value, receiving 510(k) clearances with broad indications for use which permit us to quickly move into new market applications without facing additional regulatory hurdles, investing in post marketing studies that document the clinical and economic benefits of our products in a variety of surgical settings (for example, our studies demonstrate a greater than 70% reduction in blood transfusions for patients receiving a primary hip replacement), building a deep intellectual property portfolio (At present we have a total of 80+ patents either issued or filed), building a sales force selling a surgeon preference product and identifying new applications and product opportunities that leverage our core technology.
• Assemble and package intricate mechanical and electromechanical assemblies, using basic hand tools, jigs, fixtures, and test equipment, as well as more complex assembly machinery, such as ultrasonic welders and heat sealing equipment.
• Follow established manufacturing and inspection processes and procedures to produce medical products.
• Identify and segregate defects per procedures.
• Assist in managing materials in an orderly and accurate manner.
• Follow established safety procedures and perform all duties in a safe manner.
• Perform all duties of this position in accordance with applicable cGMP, ISO, FDA, and internal standards.
• Maintain complete and accurate records of work-in-process, component inventories and relative documentation.
• Accept full accountability for product quality.
• Support and take direction from other departments with new product introductions.
• Utilize documented procedures and training materials to accomplish tasks noted above.
• Technical school or OJT training working with mechanical assemblies desired.
• 1-2 years experience in assembly.
• Experience operating manufacturing equipment according to established specifications, standard operating procedures and work instructions or ability to acquire those skills.
• GMP, FDA, ISO experience preferred, but not essential.
• Willingness to learn all equipment and jobs in the assigned manufacturing area.
• Strong attention to detail and exceptional inter-personal skills are required to work in this fast-paced, diverse environment.
• Availability to work 40 hours per week, plus overtime as needed to support manufacturing or customer requirements.


WORCESTER, MA / May 2014 - Bay State Savings Bank recently announced that George F. Sullivan, Jr., Treasurer – Sullivan, Garrity & Donnelly Insurance and Chairman of the Board of Directors, has retired after 40 years of service to the Bank, and John H. McCabe, Corporate VP/Executive Advisor to CEO – Nypro and current Vice Chair of Bay State's Board of Directors, has been elected Chairman. In addition, James Cahn, Partner - Cahn & Barron LLC; Gerald Maddaus, Jr., Attorney - Worcester; Tracey Porcaro, Vice President – Robert Powers Insurance/Worcester; Iain McKinlay, Owner – McKinlay's Liquors/Holden; Christopher Powers, Senior Vice President – Benefit Development Group/Worcester and Michele Sloan, Owner – W.J. Hoey Tire Co./Worcester have been named Corporators.
After a bitter-sweet celebration of Mr. Sullivan's 40-year tenure, culminating with the presentation of a bronze plaque dedicating the Bank's Board Room to the retiring Chairman and a standing ovation, the new Chairman and Corporators were welcomed by Bay State Savings Bank President & CEO, Peter Alden and the Board of Trustees at the Bank's Annual Meeting on May 29th.


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7 Successful Startups Born in the Great Recession
Everybody has suffered from the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020.
However, this is not the first time human beings face such a difficult situation. We have survived through many hurdles.
Looking back at the Great Recession from 2007 to 2009, we can learn lessions from the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble and the global financial crisis. So in today's articles, I want to discuss how startups born in such a hard period can thrive today. Let's dive in.
Airbnb (2008)
Who founded Airbnb?
Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia initially founded AirBedandBreakfast.com, Nathan Belcharcyk eventually joined as the third co-founder. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBed and Breakfast.
How was Airbnb formed?
The idea was initially conceptualized during a design conference in San Francisco, where Joe and Brian focused on providing short term accommodation for the conference attendees.
Airbnb worked out of Brian and Joe's apartment and when it ran out of space, Brian moved out of his bedroom and began living out of a suitcase. He has lived in 30 different locations he found on Airbnb over 6 months. The more he used his service, the more he figured out ways to build it.
Airbnb's most famous growth hack?
Airbnb knew its target market: Craigslist users.
Despite its scam-filled condition, Craigslist had one thing that Airbnb did not—a massive user base. In order to tap into this market, Airbnb offered users who listed properties on Airbnb the opportunity to post them to Craigslist as well.
Airbnd's best practice
Airbnb kept meticulous track of what it cost to acquire people and the listings that resulted. They measured invites sent via email, Twitter, Facebook, and direct link. They immediately A/B tested all kinds of variables to learn as much as possible. They wanted to ensure that invites felt like gifts (rather than promotions).
Dropbox (2007)
Dropbox's greatest hack
The Dropbox was always meticulously picking the easiest way for users to tell one another about the product. And this 2-side incentive program accounted for 60% userbase growth of Dropbox.
Not just inviting friends via email or sharing links, Dropbox has smart campaigns to encourage their users to spread the words and get the exact reward.
The incentive in concrete number has got the users in their spots expecting the direct gift booming right in their account limited storage capacity.
Uber (2009)
Uber built their whole appeal strategy from making payment easy, to lowering prices, and removing the need to hail one down.
Growth hack by offering to new users
As Uber realized early on that almost everyone would likely take the service again, they quickly began to offer $20 to new users to take their first rides. Actually, they knew that their customer lifetime value would far exceed that later on.
This incentive clear the hesitation that first-time Uber users had, and made them extremely likely to become long-term customers.
Slack (2009)
Slack's strategy is a way more creative one as they were creating a market where there really wasn't one.
This collaboration software reinvents the way large corporation do communication. So Slack focuses immensely on customer opinions. They invest resources in responding to customer feedback to make sure they are satisfied.
Fun fact: The support volume that Slack was to handle with is around 8,000 help tickets and over 10,000 tweets per month.
Square (2009)
Founded in 2009, Square has skyrocketed to a rumored valuation north of $3.25 billion and 600 employees in a few years.
Be made at the right time
Before Square, it was illegal for non-registered merchants to accept credit card payments. Registering was a costly and difficult process that most small business owners couldn't afford.
Choose giant partner
With high profile partnerships from Apple to a strategic investment from Visa, Square showed their audience and the market that they were a serious new entrant with a product that their trusted brands believed in.
Not everyone is born as a superstar entrepreneur like Jack Dorsey – the guy behind Square and Twitter. But you can always start with remote jobs no matter where you are in the world.
Venmo (2009)
Venmo app helps you send and receive money with Venmo friends. The concept might sound simple, but it has topped up with allowing users express their messages and notes in each payment/transaction.
The app pioneered the idea of social payments by publishing users' transactions and memos in an emoji-filled conversational stream—catnip for millennials.
It shuttled nearly $18 billion between people in 2016. Eight years after launching, it's finally getting back to more creative endeavors and looking for ways to generate revenue.
The foundation for Instagram's growth is product-market fit. They came up with their ideas and then crafted tools at the right time, to the right audience and under the right circumstances.
And Instagram was prompt enough to take on those advantages. They build the right filters and boosters for uploaded photos so that all of their users can become an artist or expert photographer, or so they think. Instagram got the right hack to keep their users stick around, and most importantly, very satisfied.
Instagram was natively a social sharing app, and as the lever rule goes, it's even fueled more by their own user word-of-mouth activities.
Some final words
Despite the catastrophe, you can always figure out some ways to achieve more. You can start a blog today with WordPress, earn traffic and start your own online business.
You can't become a successful startup over night. But running a store, selling something you can make, using your skills… Why not?
Always pursue advancement. Always strive to develop yourself toward being able to understand more interesting things. And free yourself from the distaste over the reality.
Together, we can win back some financial stability.
ecommerce social media technology
8 Ecommerce Trends: What to Expect in 2020 – 2025
How to Make a WooCommerce Site GDPR Compliant
DesigneCommerce
7 Different Types of Ecommerce Follow-Up Emails to Engage Your Customers


The LuSE Central Share Depository (LuSE CSD) operating as a department of the Lusaka Securities Exchange Plc. established in 1996 to provide centralized depository, clearing and settlement services for Zambia's equity and bond market.
It works with Modern and disclosure-based Listing Rules.


text:
'use strict';

var path    = require('path');
var assign  = require('lodash-node/modern/objects/assign');
var Command = require('../models/command');

module.exports = Command.extend({
  name: 'serve',
  description: 'Builds and serves your app, rebuilding on file changes.',
  aliases: ['server', 's'],

  availableOptions: [
    { name: 'port', type: Number, default: 4200 },
    { name: 'host', type: String, default: '0.0.0.0' },
    { name: 'proxy',  type: String },
    { name: 'watcher',  type: String, default: 'events' },
    { name: 'live-reload',  type: Boolean, default: true },
    { name: 'environment', type: String, default: 'development' },
    { name: 'output-path', type: path, default: 'dist/' }
  ],

  run: function(commandOptions) {
    commandOptions = assign({}, commandOptions, {
      liveReloadPort: commandOptions.port - 4200 + 35729,
      baseURL: this.project.config('development').baseURL || '/'
    });

    var ServeTask = this.tasks.Serve;
    var serve = new ServeTask({
      ui: this.ui,
      analytics: this.analytics,
      project: this.project
    });

    return serve.run(commandOptions);
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Paul's priority is seen in this prayer. These verses encourage us to be constant in this prayer too! If you are bored in your following of Jesus, pray this. There's always more! We mustn't settle for knowing about him. Or keeping traditions.
Knowing God more is not about trying harder, or doing better. You don't have to perform for it. This is a gift from God. God answers according to His grace not our performance. We cannot know God personally without Holy Spirit. Holy Spirit gives intimacy and connection, opens the eyes of your heart. Holy Spirit awakens and transforms so that we can see and enjoy God. Holy Spirit gifts us with emotional engagement.
Hopelessness and powerlessness are a relational issue. If you have a revelation of His nature, His resources and His riches we get hope. (Hope is the confident expectation of good) And as we believe Him you tap into incompatible power.
Must be fully convinced and persuaded that Holy Spirit is the absolute key. You can't even squeeze out one fruit. Holy Spirit can do more in one hour than we could in a life time. Stop trying to finish by effort what was begun by the Spirit. Must value and esteem Holy Spirit. Walk, sow, keep in step with Him. Knowing God is our first and greatest need. Be thankful and Hungry for the more.


text:
Noburo Ofuji Award
Best Japanese Animated Shorts
Sangokushi
Geidai Animation: 8th Graduate Works 2017 (DVD)
東京藝術大学大学院映像研究科アニメーション専攻第七期生修了作品集 2017
http://animation.geidai.ac.jp/08zoom/
This past March, the 8th cohort of graduates from the MA in Animation programme at Tokyo University of the Arts (Geidai) celebrated their graduation with the annual tradition of an exhibition and screening event. According to the accompanying catalogue, they called their year "ZOOM" because they "ZOOM into the deepest consciousness when creating animation, where vivid fantasy worlds unfurl endlessly and no impasses will be seen."
In his comments on the graduating class, their professor Taruto Fuyama writes that he heard that they choose the name ZOOM because of the visual similarity between the number 8 and "OO". Yet, he cautions that beginner filmmakers often overuse the zoom function on the camera and advises against this practice because zooming creates a fixed distance between the filmmaker and their subject matter rather than creating greater intimacy: "Since the advent of the internet era, we tend to feel like it's troublesome to bring ourselves closer to the subject matter in order to gain an understanding of it. However, an artist can't be a bystander to the theme he or she wants to express. After all, ZOOM is dependent upon technology. I want you to remember the attitude of moving your own body closer to your subject matter to interact with it, understand it, and figure out your own answers." With his Koma Koma Lab, Fuyama has built his career designing technology that allows people to interact with the art of animation in inventive and engaging ways. I hope his students will heed his advice.
Alongside Fuyama, who taught them research and theory, the class of 2017 was supervised by stop motion animator Yūichi Itō (model animation course), producer Mitsuko Okamoto (project planning and development course), and the Oscar-nominated animator Kōji Yamamura (2D animation course). The students collaborate with students from other departments at Geidai for their soundtracks. Their sound lecturers were Yuichi Kishino and Hiroshi Takayama, with support from Tatsuhiko Nishioka and Toru Kamekawa. In addition, French animation expert Ilan Nguyen lectured the students and animator Hiromitsu Murakami provided support in his role as assistant professor. Former students Hiroki Kono (Geidai 2011), Hakhyun Kim (Geidai 2013), and Yūtarō Kubo (Geidai 2014) also provided assistance.
Women once again dominate the student body at Geidai. Of the 14 students graduating this year, only 3 are men, and the current student body in the graduate programme in animation is also more than half women. Interestingly, four of this year's graduates did their undergraduate studies at Joshibi University of Art and Design, the private art school for women which was founded in 1900. Tokyo University of the Arts began as a male-only fine arts school in 1887 that did not admit women until 1946. It joined with a music college to become a university in 1949.
The Geidai animation department also continues to diversify its student body with international students. Yunjae Oh is from Korea, Wenrui Huang from China, and Man Yee Lam from Hong Kong. Many of the Japanese students have an international outlook. Ryōtarō Miyajima was born in Tokyo but grew up in Bali and Honami Yano did a year abroad at Rhode Island School of Design during her undergraduate studies. In addition, the department hosted an exchange student from ENSAD (France), Marilou Soller, whose film Power Down was included in the exhibition of first year student works in March. You can watch the film on her Vimeo profile.
This year's graduates represent a wide variety of styles both 2D and 3D, ranging from drawn to stop motion, experimental to traditional. My favourite work is also one of the shortest: Kōjirō Inoue's first year work Who's there? (だぁれぇ/ Dārē, 2016) which I reviewed last year after it screened at Nippon Connection. Other stand outs for me are Moe Kuribara with her innovative wool felt stop motion, Rina Okada who uses various minerals in her animation, and Haruka Uemura, whose character design looks inspired by illustration styles of the 1920s and 1930s. On the whole, it is a very strong year and the preview of the class of 2018 that I saw at Nippon Connection promises more great work in the coming year.
8th Graduate Works
第八期生修了作品集
Helpless Void
"At night, a man holds out his own leash into the void. He has to explode in order to escape."
Keigo ITŌ (伊藤圭吾, b. 1992) / twitter
Born in Ibaraki. He graduated with a degree in Character Creative Arts from the Osaka University of Arts in 2015.
Opening Sesame
"Three psyches, three voices. A tale of life choices."
Kōjirō INOUE (井上幸次郎, b. 1989) / twitter / vimeo / website
Born in Gifu. He graduated with a degree in Design from Nagoya University of Arts in 2011.
"Once we used to be happy and grateful for the pure act of eating."
Haruka UMEMURA (梅村晴香)
Born in Gifu. She graduated from the Kanazawa College of Art in 2015.
Pit-a-pat
"A poodle named Coco is put out of its misery but wants to return to its beloved owner".
Yunjae OH (お・ゆんじぇ, b. 1992) / twitter
Born in Seoul, Korea. She graduated with a degree in Imaging Arts and Sciences from Musashino Art University in 2015.
"Hold up minerals and natural stones to the sunlight. Search for the shapes where light shines through and [for] the shapes of shadows. The process of a small spot gradually finding its own form."
Rina OKADA (岡田莉奈, b. 1992)
Born in Tokyo. She graduated with a degree in Visual Design from Joshibi University of Art and Design in 2015.
Mind Room
"Little by little, something has gone wrong with a career woman's personal life. But these little things are what fill the big hole in her heart."
Moe KURIBARA (栗原萌, b. 1993)
Born in Kanagawa. She graduated with a degree in Visual Design from Joshibi University of Art and Design in 2015.
South Forest
"The Gaza Strip is at war. A little girl feeds the deprived helpless animals in an abandoned zoo. Suddenly, an air raid strikes."
Wenrui HUANG (黄雯睿 / コウ・ブンエイ, b. 1991)
Born in X'ian, China. She graduated with a degree in Animation from the X'ian Academy of Fine Arts, Motion Picture Photography, and Animation in 2013.
Cogito Wonderland
大丈夫だよ / Daijyōbu dayo /7'
"This is film is an allegory [of] clumsy people. Having met egocentric people, I go down the stairs of melancholia. I get swallowed up by the waves that I myself create. I know life is not only bad. . . [but] who am I? What am I?
Saori SUZUKI (鈴木沙織) / tumblr
Born in Shizuoka. She graduated with a degree in Fine Arts from Joshibi University of Art and Design in 2010.
Scroll of Darkness
闇の絵巻 / Yami no emaki / 7'48"
"One night as I was walking through the forest, a robber steals my bookmark. I chase him only to end up in an endless void of darkness."
Tomoko TAKAYA (髙谷智子, b. 1992)
Born in Tokyo. She graduated with a degree in Imaging Arts and Sciences from Musashino Art University in 2014.
Lady Nosferatu
少女ノスフェラトゥ/ Shōjo Nosferatu / 6'10"
"The story of Nosferatu vampires glimpsed by a boy who gets lost in the forest."
Chinami TANIGUCHI (谷口ちなみ. b. 1992) / tumblr / twitter
Born in Hiroshima. She graduated with a degree in Visual Design from Joshibi University of Art and Design in 2015.
"Self-replicating entities that have evolved on different planets merge and proliferate exponentially. In search of more energy sources, they consume other stars."
Ryōtarō MIYAJIMA (宮嶋龍太郎, b. 1989) / twitter / website
Born in Tokyo but grew up in Bali, Indonesia. He graduated with a degree in Intermedia Art from Tokyo University of the Arts in 2015.
Chromosome Sweetheart
染色体の恋人 / Senshokutai no Koibito/ 4'55"
"An ex-couple in a café, a girl sucking on her girlfriend's hair, a running woman, a fleeing town, a little girl walking along the river. In this world, there are as many forms of love as there are people."
Honami YANO (矢野ほなみ, b. 1991) / twitter / website / vimeo
Born in Ehime. Studied at the Rhode Island School of Design in 2013 as part of an exchange program. She graduated with a degree in Animation from Kyoto Seika University in 2015.
There was a Man
"A one-armed mountaineer encounters a lost arm on a mountain of salt. Who did it belong to? Why was it left there?"
Moeka YAMAZAKI (山崎萌花, b. 1993)
Born in Hokkaido. Graduated from Tama Art University in 2014. She produces stop motion animation using cutouts and minerals. Her creative motto is: "Visual Art you want to touch."
Silent Smile
"She wears a white mask to keep her sadness hidden from others. How can she free herself from the darkness of her mind?"
Man Yee LAM (林文薏 / リン・マンイ, b. 1991) /
Born in Hong Kong. She graduated with a degree in Animation from Northumbria University.
1st Year Works 2016
一年次作品2016
無限の火/ Mugen no Hi / 4'02"
"In the pitch darkness a man cannot see anything. [The] only light source is a light lit with a match by someone else. The night is lit and put out. This repeats [for some time] and eventually the man makes up his mind.
Keigo ITŌ (伊藤圭吾) – profile above
Who's There?
だぁれぇ / Dāre? / 1'25"
"The Rakugo story of Parrot is told by a Rakugo-ka, or a lone storyteller formed of Japanese characters."
Kōjirō INOUE (井上幸次郎) – profile above
翡翠 / Hisui / 3'45"
"A woman is pronounced to be ill but it is too much for her to accept. Her thoughts and worries continually change to [make] a strange and mysterious world."
Yume UKAI (鵜飼ゆめ, b. 1991)
Born in the Chubu region. Graduated with a degree in Design from Tokyo University of the Arts in 2015. As of 2017, she still in the graduate animation programme at Tokyo University of the Arts.
First Hand Memories
てのひらのにわ / Te no hira no niwa / 5'04"
"A girl looks [at] the surrounding world through a core of toilet paper, [playing in a way that everyone can identify with]."
Haruka UMEMURA (梅村晴香) – profile above
Sounds Over Seas
貝殻のウラ / Kaigara no Ura / 2'26"
"The film is a journal of a woman who travels in time. . ."
Yunjae OH (お・ゆんじぇ) – profile above
Smells like Coffee Spirit
まごころ?マスター / Magokoro? Masutā / 3'36"
"Kosaku Sarutahiko is a minuscule manager of a mysterious café. He tries many ways to treat his customer with the coffee he brewed but. . ."
Erica OHYAMA (大山絵梨香 / Erika Ōyama, b. 1992)
Born in Okazaki City. She graduated with a degree in Art History and Aesthetics from Tokyo University of the Arts in 2015. As of 2017, she still in the graduate animation programme at Tokyo University of the Arts.
Charon Pluto's Lonesomeness
CHARON 冥王星の孤独 / Charon Mei
Rina OKADA (岡田莉奈) – profile above
Japanese Chess
将棋 / Shōgi / 3'44"
"At a Shogi chess game, the players start pondering the opponent's game strategy. . . They lose themselves in their deep contemplation."
Moe KURIBARA (栗原萌) – profile above
傘 / Kasa / 4'37"
"In the world of constant black rain, people live under umbrellas' protection. One day a man threw his umbrella away, which [brings] him a green plant. . . People desire his plant and start to scramble for it."
Wenrui HUANG (黄雯睿 / コウ・ブンエイ) – profile above
あみこみ / Amikomi / 3'23"
"A girl braids her classmate's long hair. She remembers moments [from the past] with her friend. . . Did [any] of these actually happen?"
Nozomi KOYASU (子安のぞみ, b. 1991)
Born in Osaka. She has a degree in Information Design from Tama Art University (2014). As of 2017, she still in the graduate animation programme at Tokyo University of the Arts.
まゆみ / Mayumi / 5'36"
"Mayumi is a spoiled girl whose parents buy her anything she wants. She names. . . everything she receives 'Mayumi' and her room is gradually filled with many Mayumis. Mayumi herself gets swallowed by the characters of her name."
Chinami TANIGUCHI (谷口ちなみ) – profile above
"Numbers stations were prominently used during the Cold War. A boy was tuning into the radio [on a snowy] mountain and happened to tune [into] the shortwave of codes."
Ryōtarō MIYAJIMA (宮嶋龍太郎) – profile above
牛乳の麓 / Gyūnyū no Fumoto / 8'07"
"A woman pours milk from the top of the mountain. At the foot of the mountain a man milks and pours it into a tank. One evening his pigeon doesn't come back as usual and finally, it brings back [a] small miracle from a woman."
Honami YANO (矢野ほなみ) – profile above
Man of Many Arms
腕の多い男 / Ude no Ōi Otoko / 5'37"
"Many arms cling to a man. He doesn't like it but he believes the situation will never change."
Moeka YAMAZAKI (山崎萌花) – profile above
Brick Games
"[A] little girl [lives] with her brother in a city full of skyscrapers. One night, when there [a]re playing their favourite game Jenga, something strange happen[s]."
Man Yee LAM (林文薏 / リン・マンイ) – profile above
Nothing for Them
"A woman and man speak over the telephone. From the woman to the man, from the man to the woman, their feelings, love and hate get mingled."
Kenshirō WADA (和田健士郎, b. 1991)
Born in Tokyo. He has a degree in Graphic Design from Tama Art University (2014). As of 2017, he still in the graduate animation programme at Tokyo University of the Arts.
sei no Kodo / 4'35"
2017 Cathy Munroe Hotes
Posted by Tanuki Press at 12:08 am
Labels: CGanimation, cutouts, drawn animation, DVD Reviews, events, experimental, Geidai, shorts, stop motion
Rankin/Bass Christmas Specials: Made in Japan
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New Chitose International Animation Festival
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35th Image Forum Festival
2021.09.25 - 2021.11.28, Tokyo, Kyoto, Nagoya
Kawamoto-Norstein @ Forum des Images, Day 3
Kawamoto-Norstein @ Forum des Images, Day 3 Sunday, March 25, 2012 On this day I rose early and went for a stroll around the Ei...
The Red Thread (赤い糸, 2010)
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Anime Adaptations of Kenji Miyazawa Stories and Poems
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Laputa's Top 150 Japanese and World Animation (2003)
At the Laputa Animation Festival in 2003, 140 animators from around the world were asked to make a list of what they considered the 20 b...
Crowdfunding: 10th Anniversary Edition of Harbor Tale DVD + Book
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the release of the charming animated short Harbor Tale (ハーバーテイル, 2011). To celebrate the occasio...
Floating Sun (幻日, 2013)
Floating Sun ( 幻日 , 2013) is a bit of a departure for Tokyo-based Malaysian director Edmund Yeo into the horror genre. This short ...
A Bite of the Bone (骨嚙み, 2021)
When a loved one passes away in Japan, their remains are ceremonially cremated. After the cremation, the remaining remnants of bone ( 骨/ ho...
Alteration Finds: A Selection of Japanese Animated Shorts
The pandemic has forced long periods of sameness upon us. These recent indie animated sorts challenge us to break free from lockdown apat...
In a Pig's Eye (わからないブタ, 2010)
A giant pig lies in an ordinary garden, blocking the door to the house. The house is occupied by a large and unusual family: wif...
The World of Ryōji Yamada / 山田遼志の世界
The World of Ryōji Yamada / 山田遼志の世界 http://ryojiyamada.com/ https://vimeo.com/ryojiyamada In the "before times", when we were s...
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text:
/**
 * @author Valentin Al. Sitnick
 * @version $Revision: 1.1 $
 *
 */

/* *********************************************************************** */

#include "events.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "fake.h"

static bool test = false;
static bool util = false;
static bool flag = false;

const char test_case_name[] = "GetLocalFloat0108";

/* *********************************************************************** */

JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Agent_OnLoad(prms_AGENT_ONLOAD)
{
    Callbacks CB;
    check_AGENT_ONLOAD;
    jvmtiEvent events[] = { JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION, JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH };

    cb_exc;
    cb_death;

    return func_for_Agent_OnLoad(vm, options, reserved, &CB,
        events, sizeof(events)/4, test_case_name, DEBUG_OUT);
}

/* *********************************************************************** */

void JNICALL callbackException(prms_EXCPT)
{
    if (flag) return;

    check_EXCPT;

    jint depth = -555;
    jint varnum;
    jint slot = 0;
    jfloat value;
    jvmtiError result;
    jvmtiLocalVariableEntry* table;

    /*
     * Function separate all other exceptions in all other method
     */
    if (!check_phase_and_method_debug(jvmti_env, method, SPP_LIVE_ONLY,
                "special_method", DEBUG_OUT)) return;

    flag = true;
    util = true;

    result = jvmti_env->GetLocalVariableTable(method, &varnum, &table);
    fprintf(stderr, "\tnative: GetLocalVariableTable result = %d (must be zero) \n", result);
    fprintf(stderr, "\tnative: method ID is %p (must be NON-zero) \n", method);
    fprintf(stderr, "\tnative: variables number is %d (must be 6) \n", varnum);
    fprintf(stderr, "\tnative: table is %p (must be NON-zero)\n", table);
    fflush(stderr);

    if (result != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) return;

    for (int i = 0; i < varnum; i++)
        if (!strcmp(table[i].name, "_FLT"))
            slot = table[i].slot;

    result = jvmti_env->GetLocalFloat(NULL, depth, slot, &value);

    fprintf(stderr, "\tnative: GetLocalFloat result = %d (must be JVMTI_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT (103)) \n", result);

    if (result == JVMTI_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT) test = true;
}

void JNICALL callbackVMDeath(prms_VMDEATH)
{
    check_VMDEATH;
    func_for_callback_VMDeath(jni_env, jvmti_env, test_case_name, test, util);
}

/* *********************************************************************** */


Leading ethnic wear brand Manyavar & Mohey together has opened its 551st store in Maharashtra. The ethnic wear brand has opened its 10th Store in Pune and 44th Store in Maharashtra. The brand now also offers the finest attires for women at the 77 Mohey Stores, where celebrations begin.
Manyavar caters to the debonair man who proudly flaunts his desi avatar on weddings, parties and other special occasions. This Ethnic wear store comprises all new Collections and the latest trends in the market.
Mohey is mandated to define women's ethnic wear. With the core Manyavar values and a never before value. Imagine each piece of Ghaghra, Gown, Saree, Suits Celebration Jewelry & Accessories – handpicked for its distinct signature of celebration.
The ethnic wear brand presents a new store featuring Virat and Anushka collection with fine sherwanis, kurtas, Indo-western and Mohey Stores presents the finest attires for women and fusion wear with accessories for Kidswear also.
India' s leading Celebration Wear brand presents this store which offers an exceptional range of traditional outfits and accessories for men in wedding collection, party wear and clothes for other special events. Some of the country's finest fashion designers and artisans have been brought together to create the products at Manyavar.
Manyavar is now available in 202 cities and 3 countries.


New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 144 p. Foxtrot, 42. In Stock. 100% Money Back Guarantee. Brand New, Perfect Condition, allow 4-14 business days for standard shipping. To Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. protectorate, P.O. box, and APO/FPO addresses allow 4-28 business days for Standard shipping. No expedited shipping. All orders placed with expedited shipping will be cancelled. Over 3, 000, 000 happy customers.
Fine. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 144 p. Foxtrot, 42. In Stock. 100% Money Back Guarantee. Brand New, Perfect Condition, allow 4-14 business days for standard shipping. To Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. protectorate, P.O. box, and APO/FPO addresses allow 4-28 business days for Standard shipping. No expedited shipping. All orders placed with expedited shipping will be cancelled. Over 3, 000, 000 happy customers.
New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 144 p. Foxtrot, 42.
Very Good. 1449496466 Little edge wear.


In this dedication activity, We do not collect any donations.
Every dedication projects are supported by donation which is given by people hoping for world peace from the bottom of their hearts.
In addition, " 和龍 "and " 和鳳凰 " are not sold in public. But we will be able to sell if necessary. The price that you pay will be used as a donation for dedication projects.
Now, " 和龍 "and " 和鳳凰 " are dedicated to over 2000 places all over the world but Russia, Canada and countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
To share the hope for the world peace, your cooperation is appreciateed.
the future peaceful world, we are happy if you can cooperate with the distribution of " Message from water " with "
和鳳凰 " original picture dedication.


text:
Pithiviers – miasto i gmina we Francji, w Regionie Centralnym, w departamencie Loiret. Leży ok. 85 km na południe od Paryża i ok. 45 km na północ od Orleanu.

Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwało 9327 osób, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 1344 osoby/km² (wśród 1842 gmin Regionu Centralnego Pithiviers plasuje się na 32. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 1285.). Miejscowy przemysł reprezentują niewielkie zakłady z sektora przetwórstwa rolno-spożywczego i farmaceutycznego.

Na początku II wojny światowej urządzono w Pithiviers obóz jeniecki dla pojmanych żołnierzy niemieckich. Po klęsce 1940 władze Vichy urządziły w nim koncentracyjny obóz tranzytowy dla francuskich Żydów, skąd wywożono ich do Oświęcimia. Od października 1943 więziono w nim więźniów politycznych.

Urodził się tutaj fizyk i matematyk Siméon Denis Poisson.

Zobacz też
 Obóz koncentracyjny w Pithiviers
 Tramway de Pithiviers à Toury

Bibliografia

Miejscowości w departamencie Loiret

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia